CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY GIFT OF R. L. Junghanno Y L ‘D i I ‘1 6. . ,, . .‘ v i x. _ , ~— = . - ‘ I '~ , iv -. {p » 7.4 8% .r ‘ > A fl r \ Q - ‘ r 4 \ \ i 1 P _ t mu 0 '1 arm Y} him“ L L Luv] P ._>~ l- _ ‘ 7“, x‘ -' l is. .’ ~"‘ u ‘ 1 - A *g .1. . v ’4'— . w“ x'\ . 'ii L A l m 3" GAYLOID t i ramr:omu.t.a. Q ‘ Cornell University Library 08 406.86M16 1876 A Tide to Bomba“ historical statistic W II I H 3 1924 022 982 940 HI“ ""1 fly“? » v *4 ‘ J - ‘ " ,i-R r d ,y I invaifiag : a H 9" ADVERTISEMENTS. ‘ v" ‘Qwfii ~ ‘ ‘WATSON'8L COMPANY, MILITARY TAILORS & UUTFITTERS. TRAVELLERS VIA BOMBAY WILL EJND EVERY REQUISITE FOR THEMSELVES, WIVES, 0R CHILDREN, EITHER FOR THIS COUNTRY OR THE VOYAGE HUME, Ready, or made to order at the Shortest Notice. 9 & 10 CHURCH GATE STREET, AND 22 & 23 RAMPART 120W, B O M B .A. Y . ADVERTISEMENTS. 1" . I GRATIS AND POST FREE‘ . ON APPLICATION. ’ TREACHER & COMPANY'S Priced List of OILMAN’S $TORE'S } AND PRESERVED PROVISIONS. ' TREACHER & COMPANY’S Priced List cl WINES, SPIRITS, BEER AND LIQUE'URS. REACHER & COMPANY’S Pricorl List of CUTLERY AND . TABLE PLATE. ' \REACHER & COMPANY’S Priced 1m 0’ mownamm ' _ WABES (ILLUSTRATED). TREAC'HE'R & COMPANY’S Priced hint of CRYSTAL TABLE ‘ GLASSWABE (ILLUSTRATED). REACHER & COMPANY’S Priced List of SPORTING :' AMMUNITION AND REQUISITES» a; EAUHER. & COMPANY’S- Priced List of CRICKE'HNG AND ' 2' GENERAL GYMKHANA KIT. ' ; ‘ REAGEE'R & COMPANY’S Priced List cf ARTISTS' MATE- i RIALS AND REQUISITES. T1 TREAQHER & COMPANY’S Priced List of SUPERIOR mum: PREPARATIONS. \ BEACHER r5: COMPANY’S Prich List of P’EUI‘OGRAPHIG ‘- APPARATUS AND UHEMIUAIS. ' REACHER & COMPANY'S Pricad List of CHEMIC'AL AND .7 MEDIQINAL PREPARATIONS. .-, TREACHER A: COMPANY’S Priced List of MEDICINE CHESTS ‘ (ILLUSTRATED). ." AND (To the Profest and! Trade only) TREACHER & COMPANY'S Wholesaler Priced List if DRUGS, CHEMICALS, PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS, SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS AND APPLIANCES. TREACHER & COMPANY, LR; BOMBAYI BYCULl-A, 8c POONA. -v-‘ "1' i ADVERTISEMENTS. ' iii r (SE—NTLEMEN’S t SHIRTS, HOSIERY, & UUTFITTING. E Asiwlfi & CDMPANY - SUPPLY the above of the best quality at very moderate rates is Cash Purchasers; their Stock is con- stantly receiving additions, and is selected from the First British -ud Continental Manufacturers. Gentlemen “En ROUTE " can be supplied with every Bequisite for Travelling ready for immediate use. SUITS MADE TO ORDER IN‘A. FE‘V HOURS. n Eepartments. 1 Shirts. Cambric Handkerchiefs. _ Hosiery. Trunks, Bags, 8m. @ Tailoring?" v_ |_ Table Linen >8: Towels. * Felt Hats. Blankets and Rugs. Sun Hats and Helmets Umbrellas. ~ (for Ladies and Gen- Walking Sticks. .__ tlemen). Cainp Bedsteads,Pillows . Soari's and Ties. and Cork Mattresses. f Gloves. Toilet Requisites j_ Our New Illustrated Catalogue, with Patterns, ‘_ &c., posted Free on receipt of Card. '1 ASQUITH 86 COMPANY, i Shirtmakers & Outfitters- ‘ \ _\ THE OVERLAND KIT WAREHOUSE, “>7; L“ m 8, RAMPART ROW, BOMBAY. m 7‘ @111; finmhng Mating. ‘3, ‘ZTEERMS OF §§§UBSCRIPTION. THE Rates of Subscription to the Bombay Gazette, which is essen. tially the organ of English interests in India, is as follow :— To SUBSCRIBERS 1N BOMBAY—Delivered Free. In Advance. Rs. In Ara-ear, Per Annum ... ... ... 48 Per Annmn ... ..i \ Half-yearly ... ... ... ... 25 Half-yearly ... ... Quarterly... ... ... ... 13 Quarterly ... Monthly ... ... ... 5; Monthly ... ... To Svmmmne UP-COUNTRY.—Post Free. 1'! Advance. Rs. In Annex, Per Annum ... ... 52 Per Annum ... Half-yearly m ... ... ... 29‘. Half‘yearly ... Quarterly... ... m ... ... 16" Quarterly... ... ... Monthly ... ... ... ... 6‘ Monthly ... no in ... THE *BUMBAY GAZETTE UYERLANB SUMMARY. The shape of the Eomhry Gazette Overland Swmmmry is similar to that of the Pall Mall Budget. Residents in every part of India will find the Gmefla Summary a convenient Weekly Paper of Bombay and General News. It contains all the Government Orders, Civil and Military, from the aficial Gazette; specially written Money and Commercial Market and Freight Reports ; Leading Articles on the principal topics of discussion in India ; and all the Local and General Intelligence of the Week. In the securing of early and trustworthy information by Special Correspondents and Telegrams, no expense is spared by the Proprietor of the Gazette. A specimen copy will be sent on receipt of address. Subscription for one year, Post Free in India, Rs. 12. THE BOMBAY PRICE CURRENT.- THE Bombay Price Current is published Weekly at the Bombay GaZette Office, on the Departure of the Overland Mail for Europe. Per 10 1 For single ....... ..Al. 4 It. NOWéin-i JAMSETJEE ADVERTISEMENTS> Y L A. CABINET MAKER, UPHOLSTERER, AND GENERAL MANUFACTURER. SIIO‘V R001" iGARVED AND PL;th BLAGKWOUD, TEAJKWOOD, EBONXT, AND ‘ MMWE IO]! ‘fimmnm & mum mm, BOUDOIR, OFFICES, ANTE-ROUM, F EAMP, MESSES ANS BLHBS, ‘ DURBAR HALLS, &.c., &.c. CARRIAGE SHOW RQOM- JNEW AND SECOND-HAND CARRIAGES ALWAYS ON VIEW- O'cu'riages taken on Commission. 5 Strangers to Bombay should pay this well- known Establishment a. visit. \~\/\~\,~W.~\ \.~ KALBADAVIE ROAD“, BOMBAY. YAY. \i AM nn'nsmnxrs. '\Y .r‘q, — W wwww—var ~— T film mime 11ft mm m 111mm COMPANY, LIMITED. ESTABLISHED SEPTEMBER 1876. CAPITAL 2O LACS OF RUPEES, OF WHICH 16 LAOS HAVE BEEN SUBSCRIBED. ENTIRE DlREDTIDN AND FUNDS IN INDIA. Registered Oflioe No. 33, Elphinstone Circle, Bombay- !Linarh of Etrecrnrs. _. A. M. GUBBAY, Esq. (MESSRS. DAVID SASSOON & 00.), Chairman. 0. W. L. JACKSON, Esq, B.A., J .MAcrABLANE, Esq., Solicitor. NBani5t%'at-Law- E JP NANABHOY BYRAMJEE J EEJEI- vxsm ESOWJ E . . . Merchant. E ’ SQ ’ ’ BHOY, Esq., J.P., Merchant. MUNCHERJEE Nownomm BANAJEE, PURMANANDASS JEEVUND‘SS» E'Q- Esq, J.P., Merchant. Memha'nt‘ B. R. Momzl Esq., Merchant. J. GORDON, ESQ. $3 5 e n t. J. GORDON, Esq, Secretary to the Bombay Chamber of Commerce. '43 a n k e r 5 . CHARTEREDMERCANTILE BANK OF INDIALONDON & CHINA. g o I i c t to r. JOHN MACFARLANE, Esq. $3 u 11 1 t n r s . , ROBERT CLARK, ESQ., Chief Accountant of the Bank of Bombay. , SADANAND BALCRISHNA, ESQ., Manager Port Canning and. - Land Improvement Company, Limited. g u r h e 1) n r - NUSSERWANJEE CHANDABHOY, Esq, GE. Insurances effected upon Merchandise, Mills, Factories, Warehouses, Shops, Dwelling-houses, and their contents, 1n Bombay, on most favourable terms, and, in addition, Insurers are returned 5 per cent. of the premiums on ¥ear1y Policies, and 2; er cent. of the premiums on 011c1es for shorter perio s. - ' ‘ ADVERTISEMENTS. "'5?" vii J", . , , ,1; ‘ ADVERTISING AT RAILWAY STAHUNS . it THE Proprietor of the “ Bombay Gazette” Press having , leased (among other privileges) frbm the Great Indian Peninsula - ilway Company, and the Bombay, Baroda and Central India Rail- {way Company, the exclusive right of advertising at all the Railway 2Stations belonging to these two Companies, is pr’epared to contract with ‘ Fparties desirous of posting Notices or Advertisements on the lines. 7 The announcements may be in English or in any 0 f the Native Lan- ‘guages. The advantages which Railway Stat-ions present as a means of bring- ing intimations of all kinds before the public, have been demonstrated in England by the ente'iisive use which, is made by Advertisers, of every :1 ‘ ation, grgat and small, along every‘line in the United Kingdom. 7: Insurance Companies, Shipping Companies, Hotel-kewwé,‘Merchants, , -}Traders, and others who wish to force their business on the notice of i {the Public, all alike value the privilege of Railway Station Advertising. ‘ i There is no reason ley the privilege should not be also_ specially '7 aluable to Advertisers in India. Looking to the great and increasing - "number of Native Railway Passengers on the two trunk lines of West-l pr. II t \ 7- ‘ 484* 'v {tion of their announcement at Railway Stations a decided means of can "a nding their business. '-'~.I;¥'1i~ 5;; #53 And as nearly ALL TRAVELLERS mmvme IN Ilium now LAND AT 7. "are everyll' day becoming more and more valuable as means of bringing :7 “.8 fithe Adyertisers’ business to the notice of the Public. 5R 1‘; i '7 i ‘ Advertisers can select the Stations, on either line, at which they ” ' wish their Placards posted, and may advertise for any period ghat may I _ ,-be agreed on. The charges have been filmed on an etctre'mely moderate ‘ i . II vsale to encourage Advertisers to makeia liberal use of the new means I i d- .. l f. now ofl’ering of making announcements liknown to the Public. ‘ v, . Placards, according to the taste of Advertisers, may be printed at 71877. 5 JANUARY. FEBRUARY. MARCH. SUN 7314. 21 28 SUN...... 4111 18:25 SUN------ m 4 “[1825 Mon......‘ 1 8:15 22 29 Mon... $1219.26 Mon. ... ... 5 12‘1926 Tues .... .. 21 9162330 Tues.. 613‘20‘27 Tues. ... 613'20 27 Wed...... 3‘10172431 Wed...... 7&14‘21|2& Wed. 7142128 Thurs 4111 1825 Thurs 1 815122 Thurs... 1 81522 29 5T1: 1926... Fwd-...... 2 @1623 Fn'. z 916F330 8M........ 6133;2027 Sa/t. 3101724.... Sat. 31017,:431 APRIL. MAY. I JUNE. SUN 1 8I15122‘129 SUN......... 61320‘27 SUN-"w 310'1724 i Mou....... 2 9‘16‘23‘30 Mon. 71-42128 Mon. 411l1825 Tues...... 31017124 8152229 Tues. 51211926 A Wed .... .. 41111825 916'23f3o Wed. 613-2027 ' Thurs.... 512'19‘26 1017|2431 Thu/"...... 714:2128 Fri. 613‘I20‘27 .. 11 18 25 1 8,1522 29 T Sat. 714121128 1219,26}... Sat....... 2 9i16§233o JULY. AUGUST. SEPTEMBER. ‘ SUN....... 1 815ngfgg SUN.....- 5 12119I26 SUN... 2 9'16123 30 Mon...... 2 91612330 Mon. .. 613I2027 Mon .... .. 310'1724... Tues...... 3101712431 Tues. .. 7‘14II2128 Tues.. 411 18 25 Wed...... 41118‘125 .. Wed. 1 8'1512229 Wei. 51219’26... Thurs ... 512191261... Thurs... 2 9‘1623 3o Thurs .. 613 20'27... Fri 613 2027 3101712431 Fri ..... .. 7142128... Sat 71421i28 Sat...... 411118125 $0.15.... 1 81522.29... OCTOBER. NOVEMBER. DECEMBER. Snu....... 7:14n'28 SUN. ... 4Ix1l18 25 SUN... 2 9'16'23 3o Hon...... 1 3'15 22 29 MW!- m 5512119 26 Mon... ... 310'171243: ,1 _ Tues...... 2 9‘1623 3o Tues. . 6113 2027 Tues.. ... 41118‘25... _' dem 3 10172431 Wed. ... - 7142128 Wed.. 5121956... Thu/mu“ 411 1825 Thu/rs... 1 8:15‘22 29 Thurs 613,20'27..,. ': Fn'. 5X11925... Fri-...... 2 9116|23 3o 714I21j28... - Sat. 513lvl7l-u Sat. 310,172.48“... 1 8,15122‘2glfl Mas. JUHNSDN'S AMERlCi§ SOOTHING SYRUP. EXTERNAL USE omnlé km W Corvvvnsrons IN TEETHING.—The Nursery ’ more innocent help than Mrs. JOHNSON’S Ag? CAN SOOTHING SYRUP, which, applied. 'v Infant’s gums, relieves the pain and prevents r'L'ld sions. The article is deservedly popular. See tla of “BARCLAY& S0Ns, Farringdon Street, Lewd rut is on the Government Stamp. Sold by all Ch at 28. 9d. a bottle. B R 0 K E N l! D A VY ’ s Original Diamond Cem' Securely and neatly mends CHINA, GLASS, EA; ’ ' an WARE, Woons, CABINET WORK, AND FANCY ART.) ,( Sold by all Chemists in Is. bottles. Willi m TI 81‘ lexin “the . I See the name of ‘ E. DAVY,’ the original lfi'mm is on the labiganalggthet 0'1‘L “‘1 icles, "Ml" 4'- 8015;55 rAnmneuon ST., Lorene. W "k" w““"' w m 0- 1‘00": I It 0 'an-w.‘\i‘} -_-'. ‘l'lII if Wm! -.-._ . l' I ""1'1C he}, . Lnn Afraghet‘. ‘ 4'; Km; S'f‘mut"'az~wn 1 THE QUEEN'S STATUE, ESPLANADE. A GUIDE TO BOMBAY: HISTORIGAL. STATISTICALAND DESCRIPTIVE. BY JAME MACKENZIE MACLEAN, 1mm: 07 ml! “ BOMBAY GAZETTE," FELLOW or THE UNIVERSITY or BOMBAY, um LAT! A manna 011 THE nouns! rows sermon. SECOND EDITION. BOMBAY: COIIPILIH).AIFDIPRIEUEED AT THE " BOMBAY GAZETTE“ STEAM PRESS, MEADOW STREET, FORT. 1876. 1) 195 90a ’2 e M/é W76 A H.‘ nounnr 1 nwnn A! Tax “Bonn GAZETTE " an“! nuzss, unmow snnn, you. Gage 0‘" ' TMwququnw‘o (Warh- I I ideologues in its Emit fidifimt IN ofiering this book to the public, I wish to disclaim for it any other merit than that it is a. careful, and, if not a complete, yet at all events, so far as it goes, an accurate digest of such information as I have been able to collect, by dint of hard reading and personal observation, concerning a city which I have known familiarly for the last fifteen years. I have avoided crowding the pages of the GUIDI: with references ; and I will only mention here, amongst the numer. one works I have studied in order to obtain materials for this book, Aitchison’s Treaties, Anderson’s English in Western India, Heeren’s Asiatic Reseo/rches, Mill and Wilson’s History of India, Gra/nt Dufl’s History of the Mahrattas, Orme’s Historical Fragments, Forbes’s Oriental Memoirs, Heber’s Narrative, Hamilton’s Hindostan, Milburn’s Oriental Commerce, vMacloherson’s Annals of Commerce, Royle’s History of the Cotton Trade, the Wellington Despatciuas, the Wellesley Despatches, Fryer’s Travels, Ovington’s Voyage to Surat, Carsten Niebuhr’s Travels, Vincent’s Periplus, Yule’s Marco Polo, and, amongst other official papers, Warden’s valuable Memoir on the Land Tenwres of Bombay, the Bombay Administration Reports, especially that for 1872-73, and Dr. Hewlett’s Census of Bombay. For all the first four chapters of the GUIDE I am solely respon- BiblB. In compiling the “ Description of the City of Bombay“ I have been greatly assisted by Mr. Collett, of the Bombay Gazette, and to Mr. MacPherson, of the same office, I am indebted for the descriptions of the Festivals held in Bombay and of the Queen’s Statue. I have also to thank many outside friends for generous and cordial help given to me in the preparation of what I hope will take rank as the standard “ GUIDE TO BOMBAY." I had proposed to give with the GUIDE :1 view of Bombay, but could not get one taken to alforda satisfactory representation of the city. I then tried to get a photograph of the Queen’s Statue, the most exquisite work of art in Bombay, for the frontispiece ; but, alas ! the Statue is so surrounded with bamboo poles at present that the photographer could do nothing with it. I must, therefore, throw myself on the indulgence of the public, and ask them to forgive my breach of promise in this mattter. .I. M. MACLEAN. BOMBAY GAZETTE OFFICE, November 1, 1875. wnzqtiammt in it; $¢quml fiditinq. Tar: favourable reception given to the Fmsr EDITION of this GUIDE by the Press and the Public has encouraged me to revise the book thoroughly and make it worthier of the good name it has won. Con- siderable additions have been made to the First Part, more parti- cu‘arly in the Historical and Descriptive chapters ; and the whole of the Second Part has been completely recast. A friendly critic having remarked that the GUIDE contained no information on a point which chiefly interests visitors to Bombay, namely, how they are to get out of it, I have inserted in this Edition tables showing the proposed movements of the mail steamers for the year 1877, and the through services by rail between Bombay and other places in India. A good index is now prefixed to each Part of the GUIDE ; and I trust that I have succeeded in making the book much more valuable as a. work of reference, without greatly increasing its bulk. I must again offer my acknowledgments to numerous friends for help which has materially lightened my labours. Besides the authorities quoted in the First Edition, I should mention two books to which I am indebted for some interesting details of the history of Bombay during and shortly after the Portuguese occupation—Lafitau’s Histoire des De’cou'ue’rte: et Conquétes des Portugais and an anonymous Description of the Fort and Island of Bombay, published at London in 1724. J. M. MACLEAN. Bommv GAZETTE OFFICE, ~ Bombay, Dec. 26, 1876. CONTENTS. PAGE MAP OF BOMBAY. MAP OF INDIA. ALHANACK, 1877. GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY— Natural Features of Bombay . . . . The NameB'.mbay.. .. .. .... The Portuguese Occupation .. . . Cessipn of the Island to the Eng- lis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transfer to the East India Com- pan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . State of the Island in 17th century, and judicious eflorts made by the East India Company to at- tract settlers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Character of the Population . . . . . . Fryer’s Description of Bombay. . The unhealthiness of Bombay 200 years ago . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Early Enemies of the English at Bomba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The Mahrattas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The Portuguese . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The Seedee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Superiority of Bombay as Eng— lish head-quarters recognized Bombay created an independent Presidency (1708) . . _ . . . . . . . . . . . Bombay’s first offensive War. Ex editions against Angria .. The omba Marine . . . . . . . . . . . . Clive and atson’s Expedition against Gh eriah (Viziadroog) . . Acquisition by the English of Bankote, the first territory gained by them in the Mahratta cotm Clive’s 'sdainful treatment of the llahrattas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Their power in 1756 . . . . . . . . . . . . Their conquest of Salsette and ca ture of the Portuguese city of assein . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The First Hahratta War . . . . . . . . Policy of the Government_ of Bombay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Second Hahratta War... . . . . . .. m h “haw o c o n o a n a u o a a o n s u o u Q s on '26 27 27 DAG! Expedition under Colonel Eger- ton ascends the Bhore Ghaut. . Is defeated and concludes the disgraceful convention of Wur- gaum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ' ' The English under General God- dard besiege and take Bassein. Goddard advances to the foot of the Bhore Ghaut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Islforced to retreat with heavy oss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Peace made with the Mahrattas by Treaty of Salbye (1782) . . . . English outposts advanced to 'l‘anna (1782) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . War with Mysore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Disastrous Expedition of General Matthews . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Spirited Defence of Mangalore by Bombay Troops . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Conquest of Malabar . . . . . . . . . . . . Services of the Bombay Column against Tippoo in 1799 . . . . . . . . Lord Wellesley on the share taken by Bombay in the final campaign against Tippoo . . . . . . Regiment raised by citizens of Bombay (17 99) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mahratta aii'airs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J eshwunt Rao Holkar defeats Scindia at Poona (1802) and the Peshwa, Bajee hao, seeks English protection . . . . . . . . . . . . Treaty of Bassein, and campaign of Assaye (1803) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bombay’s share in the War . . . . . . General Wellesley’s opinion of the Bombay Government . . . . . . Dearth in Western India (1803) . . Loans by Mr. Forbes to the Government for the War . . . . . . General Wellesley‘s opinion of the Bombay troops . . . . . . . . . . . . Bad character of Bombay Army followers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Defencelessness of Bombay . . . . . . The expedition to Egypt refitted at Bombay (1801) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bombay supplies Poona Subsidi- ary Force (1805) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 28 29 30 81 31 82 82 33 88 34 HACLEAN'S GUIDE TO BOMBAY. PAGI Bombay a general asylum for the oppressed (1804) . . . . . . . . .. The Bhore Ghaut made practica- ble for Artillery, and road to Poona made by order of Gene- ral Welleslcy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bombay’s Address to General Wellesley . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . Dinner and Fete at the Bomba Theatre to General Wellesley. . Extent of Bombay’s Political Authority from the Peace of 1805 The Pirate Coast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Extinction of Pirac on the Wes- tern Coast of In in (LBW-20).. Malwan and Vingorla occupied (1812) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. The Police of the Indian Seas . . The Peshwa intrigues against the English and finally (1817) attacks the English force at Poona . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Battle of Kirkee, Nov. 6, 1817. Flightof the Peshwa and oc- cupation of Poona . . . . . . . . . . .. Action of Korygaum, Jan. 1, 1818 Baiee Rao gives himself up to Sir John Malcolm, June 3, 1818 The Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The Dynasty of the Peshwas dethroned, and their dominions incorporated in the Bombay Presidency (1818) . . . . . . . . . . . . Kingdom of Sattara restored, but annexed by British Govern- ment in 1848 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Khandesh acquired (1818). . . . . .. Kolhapoor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Sawunt Waree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Angria’s Colaba annexed.. .. . . .. Review of progress made b Bomba since 1662. The Eng- lish an the Hahrattas . . . . . . . . Aden. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Scinde . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Restriction of the Bombay G0- verument’s Political Authority. Services of the Bombay Army and Marine (1820-1858).. .. . . . . 1857 in Bombay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bombay the Capital of all Western India . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Bishop Heber on Mr. Mount- stuart Elphinstone’s adminis- tration of Bombay (1820-27). . . . A Journey from Bombay to Poona fiftyyeareago . . . . . . . . . . .. 0 42 48 50 57 57 57 66 PA G»! The Bhore Ghaut Road. . . . . . . . . .. Sir J. Malcolm opens a carriage road up the Ghaut (1830) . . . . .. The Bhore Ghaut Railway Incline opened (1863) . . . . . . . . . . The Great Indian Peninsula Railway Line toTanna opened (Agril 1853). The ombay, Baroda and Central India Railway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Communications by Sea. The Overland Route Courier Service by way of Suez 100 years ago . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . First voyage of English ships {(110m)anbe straight to Suez 773 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . t. .- .' Overland Communication during the French War . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sir John Malcolm on Steam Navigation in the Red Sea and Mediterranean (1830) . . . . . . . . . . Monthly Overland Mail Service. . Early difficulties of Transit through Egypt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Monsoon Mails sent via Persian Gulf (1838-40) .............. . . P. and 0. Company takes up the Mail Service to Bombay (1865) Weekly Mail Service (1868).. .. .. British Indian Mail Service . . . . . . The Assessment of the Land Tax. The Revenue Survey . . . . . . . . . . Education . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Some glimpses of old Bombay . . Niebuhr’s description of the City (1763) _ Pleasant change- in the climate since English occupation .. . . . . Why so many Europeans died in Bombay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The Docks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . All Religions tolerated . . . . . . . . . . Slave Market at Bombay. . .. . . . . The Bombay Army, 1763 .. .. .. .. Forbcs’ account of Bombay- 1766t0 1784.. Change of manners in Bombay. . Bombay Chamber of Commerce, 1% O O e O I I I I I I I DOOOOOIIIOOOOOOI p o a s s s e a I I a s I. a n a u p s o I n a a s o e o a I o a p s A s; POPULATION— .Growth of the Population since 1662 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The motley character of the Population . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 67‘ 68 69 70 73 72 73 73 74 76 75 76 76 76 76 77 78 79 79 79 79 80 80 8D 81 81 82 86 85 86 CDNTINTL VII FAG! PAS] The-Talus 87 Statement, showing theNumber The Brahminical Hindoos .. . . . . 87 of Spindles and Looms,_and the The Banians . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....~ 88 Approximate Total Dally Pro- The Harwarees .. . 89 duction of Yarns, by the Local ¥he I(\liooh'es ... 38 Hills. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 120 he 311mm“ Do. do. b the U coun The Mmhnmede -- 91 Mills ..... “l ..... 121 gggngfrgleds Sh??? n New Mills in contemplation and The Dado-Portuguese. . .. .. 93 $053358 0f completlon M’ 122 The Jews . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 98 Do‘ do_ Up_country__ 122 TRADE AND INDUSTRY— Tanning: r“ We. The Early Trade of India. .... .. 94. Export of Indmn (30th Mann- G am.“ the ancient pom of Bom_ factures . _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 125 bay Harbour _ _ ‘ _ _ _ ‘ _ _ _ _ I _ _ _ ‘ __ 97 Other Branches of Trade .. . 126 Tune supersedes it as a trading . 126 98 .. 127 Marco Polo‘s account of the Horses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v . . . . . . 127 ' gdom of Tamra and its Value of whole Foreign Trade of e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 98 Bombay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 127 Trade of Surat, 17th century . . .. 99 Coasting Trade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128 First Cotton Press, 168-1 . . . . . . .. .. 99 Trade with Eur us now earned on System of Trade, 1708 . . . . . . . . .. 100 principally in Canal Steamers. 128 Bombay gains on Surat . . . . . . . . 101 Cotton ressin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Trade of Bombay at beginning of Handloom Cotton Industry. . this century . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 Kincobs , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131 Cotton trade with China, 1805 102 Bombay Silk and Cotton Samoa. 131 No English piece-goods imported, Gold and Silver Thread Menu- 1805 . . . . . _ . . v v . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 108 facture . . . _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Private enterprise in Bombay, Embroidery 1805 . . . > . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 bres .. Five European Houses of Agency, Paper M111 and four Wine Merchants .. .. 103 Wool. . . . Company's Trade with India Leather thrown open, 1813 . . , . . . . . . . . . 104 Pottery The Export Trade in Cotton, 1783 Precious s, s . . to 1875 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 104 Precious Stones ............... .. The Cotton Trade of Bombay Furniture and Lacquered Ware. . 136 during the American War, Cocoanut Fibre Matting . . . . . . .. 135 1861- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 Copper Pots . . . . . . . . . . - . . . . . 185 Speculation mBombay, 1861-65.. 107 Carriages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136 Joint-stock Banks . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108 Iron and Brass Work . . . . . . . . 136 Shippin Companies .. . . 108 Bombay Metal Mart .. . . 136 Financie, Associations. .. 109 Nicol’s Iron Foundry . . . . . . . 136 Land Companies v . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 Richardson and Co.‘s Byculla. End of the American War (1865), Foundry and Engineering and Colle. se of Speculation in Works . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 137 Bombs. 1865-66) 113 SawMills . . . . . . . . . . . .. 137 Trade 0 omba not perma- Bricks, Tiles, Building Stones .. 137 nently injured y Panic of Ivory and Tortoise Shell Hanu- 1865-66 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116 facture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138 The Trade in Piece-goods . . . . . . 116 Bombay Box Work . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 138 Free Trade for England only . 116 Chlmboor Chemical Acid and CottonMilleatBombay 119 DistilleryWor-ks . . . . 188 viii MACLEAN’B cums: '10 BOMBAY. PAGE GOVERNMENT um REVENUE— Imperial and Provincial Govern- ment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 139 List of Governors of Bombay since the Island became a British Possession . . . . . . . . . . .. 141 The Bombay Army . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142 The Navy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 142 Imperial Revenue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142 Table of Revenue and Expendi- ture of the years 1875-76and 187 6-77 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 Provincial Revenue and Expen- diture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 Table showing the Provincial Budget . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 Municipal Constitution of Bom- bay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 146 Municipal Revenue and Expen- diture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 148 Municipal Budget for 1876-77 . . .. 148 DESCRIPTION OF THE CITY OF BOMBAY— Bombay’s Special Claims to at- tention . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 151 The Approach to Bombay . . . . .. 154 Kennery Lighthouse . . . . . . . . . . .. 155 The Prongs Lighthouse . . . . . . 156 The Harbour . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 156 Comma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 156 Lunatic Asylum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 157 Pilot Bunder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 157 European Barracks and Parade- ground . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 157 St. John’s Church, Colaba .. .. .. 157 Oyster Rock. The Harbour De- fencesofBombay.. .. .. .. .. 159 Bassoon's Dock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160 Victoria Bunder and Basin -- -. . . 161 Gun CarriageBunder. . . . .. .. .. .. 161 The Arthur Bunder........ ......161 Government Coal Depet . . . . . . . . 161 Apollo Reclamation .. .. .. .. .. .. 161 The Cotton Green .. .. .. .. ......161 Apollo Bunder .. .. 163 Rnan'r Iurnovnmmrs IN BOMBAY 164 Sir Bartle Frere’s Designs for creating a New Bombay . . . . . . 165 The Reclamations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166 The Communications . . . . . . . . . . . . 167 Public Gardens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 168 The Public Buildings . . . . . . . . . . 168 The Sailors’ Home . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 168 New Secretariat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1'19 University Senate Hall . . . . . . . . . . 170 PAGI University Library . . . . ...-.... .. 173 The High Court .. .. 174 Public Works Offices . . . . . . . . . . . . 174 Post Office . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175 Telegraph Oflice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175 Queen’s Statue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 5 The Sassoon Mechanics’ Institute 177 Ram art Bow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177 The rere Fountain . . . . . . . . . . .. 178 Sassoon’s Buildings and the El- phinstone Circle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178 Hornby Row . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178 The Fort Christian Schools . . . . . . 179 The Parsee Benevolent Institu- tion 179 The New School of Art . . . . . . .. 180 View of Bombay from the Market Clock TOWer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180 The Goculdas Tejpall Hospital . . 180 St. Xavier’s College . . . . . . . . . . . . 181 The Elphinstone High School . . 181 The Jamset'ee Jejeebhoy and Cowasjee ehanghier Hospitals 183 The Victoria Museum and Gardens 183 The Elphinstone College .. . . . . . . 188 The General Result . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189 THE ARTHUR. CRAWFORD MARKETS. 190 The Old Markets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 190 The Bandora Slaughter Houses. . 190 The New Market . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 191 Flowers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 192 Fruit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192 Vegetables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 193 Meat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 194 Fish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 194 The Butler’s Cofiee Shop . . . . . . .. 194 The Garden . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 194 Poultry and Game . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 195 Cost and Revenue of the Markets .. 195 Tun Pnnnxa MARKETS . . . . . . . . . . .. 195 THE Four . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 196 St. Andrew’s Kirk . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 200 The Dockyard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 200 The Docks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 201 The Steam Factory . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 203 The Custom House . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 204 The Town Hall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 205 The Asiatic Society’s Library.. .. 207 The Castle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 208 The Mint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 208 The Cathedral . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 209 Sir J amsetjee J ejeebhoy Parsee Benevolent Institution . . . . . . .. 211 Alexandra Native Girls’ English Institution . . . . . . . . I . . . . . . . . . .. 211 Scottish Schools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 212 CONTENTS. ix men men Tin RBCLAHATIOKS or ran HAB- Diocesan High School, LoveLane, BOUB Fosnsnonn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213 Byculla . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 232 The Old Town Barracks . . . . . . . . 213 Scottish Orphanage, Mahim . . . . 232 Mody Bay Reclamation . . . . . . .. 213 THE Knmmnr Sm FACE, Wu.- Elphinstone Estate . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 214 nsnwun, AND MALABAB HILL. 232 The Prince’s Dock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215 Church Gate Station . . . . . . . . . . . . 232 Tax Narrvn Town . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215 The Queen’s Road " " " - ' " ' ' 2“ The Mahomedan Quarter. . . . 216 The Cloth Market . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 216 The Marwaree and Banian Bazaar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 216 Kalbadavie Road . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 217 European Shops in Kalbadavie Road . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217 Robert Money Institution . . . . . . 217 Dhobie Talao . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218 The Riot of February 1874 . . . . . . . . 218 The Mussulman Burying-ground and Hindoo Burning-ground on Back Bay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 218 Sonapore Cemetery, Queen’s Road . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219 Holy Trinity Church, Sonapore.. 220 The Hahratta Quarter . . . . . . . . . . 220 The Cocoanut Tree Plantations. Teddy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221 Free General Assembly’s Institu- tion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221 Pinjrapole . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 222 Temples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222 Tm! Norm]:an Suntmns or Bou- BAY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223 Byculla . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 223 Grant Medical College . . . . . . . . .. 223 Christ Church, Byculla . . . . . . . . . . 223 Education Society’s Schools,By- culla . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224 Parell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225 Government House, Parell . . . . . . 225 Sewree Cemetery .. .. .. .. .. 226 Mahim and Bandora . . . . . . . . . . .. 227 Mazagon . . . . 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227 St. Peter’s Church, Mazagon. . . . 227 St. Mary’s Institution . . . . . . . . .. 228 The Flats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 229 Free Church, Esplanade . . . . . . .. 229 Sir Jamsetjee J ejeebhoy School of Art . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 230 Elphinstone High School . . . . . . . . '230 Indo-British Institution, Sona- pore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230 General Assembly’s Institution. . 231 Gir aum Mission Church . . . . . . .. 231 St. aul’s Church, Camateepoora 231 Baptist Church, Byculla . . . . . . . . 231 The Ride along Kennedy Sea 238 Rotten Row 238 Proposal for an Aquarium on the Kennedy SeaFace............ 284 Government House, Malabar Point . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. 236 Walkeshwur Tank . . . . 235 View of Bombay from the Ridge. 236 The Towers of Silence . . . . . . . . . . 237 Malabar Hill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 239 Breach Caudy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 289 Swimming Bath .. .. .. 239 T111; CLIMATE .mn WAY or Lin IN BOMBAY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 241 The Climate and Seasons . . . . . . . . 241 Amusements in Bombay . . . . . . . . 243 TheGymkhana .. .. .. .. 248 Dinners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 244 The Eveningr Drive . . . . . . . . . . .. 244 Shopping 244 The Borahs . . 245 TheClubs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246 Hotels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248 Bombay Tramway .. .. 247 Servants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 248 Letters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 248 Newspapers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 249 Horses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 249 Money . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249 Sports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260 NATIVE FESTIVALS HELD IN BOMBAY—- Indian Festivals and Customs . . 252 Dewalee Holidays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254 Cocoanut Day .. 259 The Festival of the Eighth Incar- nation of Krishna . .. .. 264 The Mohurrum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266 The Crucifixion Drama of the Portuguese Christians . . . 270 Other Festivals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 274 EXCURSIONS FROM BOMBAY— The Caves of Elephanta . . . . . . . . 275 The Hydraulic Lift Dock at Hog Island . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278 Vehar Lake . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 279 X MACLEAN’s GUIDE TO BOMBAY. DAG] The Kennery Caves .... . . . .... . . 280 Bassein . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... 283 Carlee Caves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283 Mahableshwur . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285 New Route to Mahableshwur..... 286 Mathemn . . . . . . . . . . . . . 388 PIOPOBBD Movsmmrs or ran MAIL B'rBAans or ran P. AND O. S. N. 00. FOB ran YBAB anme DB- onuBBB 1877 (Outward Route .. 291 Do. do. (Homeward Route .. 292 BAILWAYB . . . . . .. 293 G. I. P. Railway . . . . . . .. . . . . .. .. 293 Trains between Bombay and Poona 293 Trains between Poona. and Bom- bay .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .... 294 Rates for Periodical Tickets .. .. 294 Rates for Parcels, Horses, Car- riages, and Dogs .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 295 B. B. AND C. I. RAILWAY .. .. .. .. .. 296 Rates for Periodical Tickets . . .. 296 Rates f~r Parcels, Horses, Cer- riages,endDogs.......... 296 Ta‘nooen TsAm FROM BOMBAY 'ro AHMBDABAD, 1310., AND vice versa. 297 THROUGH TRAIN BETWEEN BOMBAY AND MADBAs.................... 298 2L6! Tnnouon Tum 31mm MAnnAs Aim BOMBAY........... .399 Tnnooen TnAm BETWEEN Baum! ANDCALOUTTA . Tnnouen TsAm sum“ CAtcurrA AND BOBBAY .. .. .. .. .. Tnnoooa TRAINS rnox BOMBAY 'ro Damn, LABOBB, Ann Moor/rut .. 80! THROUGH TsAms non MOOLTLI, LABOBB, AND DELHI 'ro BOMBAY. . 808 I‘.“.I‘ neeuts 801 B'rBAu NAVIGATION COMPANIBs .. .. 304 Austro-Hungerian Lloyd’s S. N. 00-'|\|\|u- Au-ttt Passenger Rates-from‘BOmbay . 804 India 8- Ni COt- - u - o 6- Rates of Passage-money from Bomba 304 P.and0. . N. 305 Rates of Passage-money from Bombay 306 RubattinOS.N. 305 Passengers’ Rates 806 FA“: ron SnIeBAus, Bueems, CABS, B'rc. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. PALANQUIN FABBs 813 Runs or TBAMWAY FABBs .. 313 Runs or BOAT FABBs roe BOMBAY HABBOUB........................ 818 PART II.--BOMBAY DIRECTORY. INDEX. no! PLO! Aden—Taken by the English...... 62 sions from, 275 to 288. Mail Anchor Line of Steamers from Bombay (see Advertisement at page 15 of Book). Lam—Expeditions against, 19-20. Remains of his ten'itory an- nexedtoBombay 59 Apollo Bunder . . . . . . . .. 163-244 - Refreshment Rooms .. ApproachtoBomba by Sea .. 154 Aquarium, Propose , on Kennedy Bea Face.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 234 Army, Bombay, 64. In 1763, 81. Present strength 142 Arthur Bunder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161 Asylum, Lunatic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157 Asiatic Societ ’s Library.. .. . . .. .. 207 Alexandra ative Girls’ English Institution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 211 Amusements in Bombay . . . . . . . . . . 243 Austro-Hungarian Lloyd’s Steam- ers.. .. 804 Bajee Rao, last of the Peshwas, seeks English protection, 38. In- trigues against and attacks Eng- lish, 418. His flight, 50. Surren- der to Sir John Malcolm and de- thronement . 57 Banians,The 88 Bankote, The first massaged by the English in the Mahratta country 22 Barracks and Parade Ground, European 157 -——-—-OldTown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 218 Barristers, Their feud with Com- pan '8 servants (Note) 84 Bassein—Ceded to Portuguese, 4. Besieged and taken byMahrattas, 28. Surrenders to English under Goddard, 29. Treaty of, 88. Ex- cursion from Bombay to.. .. .. .. BoatFares........................ Bombay—Geography and History of, 1 to 85. P0 ulation of, 85 to 93. Trade and ndustry of, 94 to 138. Government and Revenue of, 139 to 148. Description of the City of, 161 to 250. Native Festi- vals held in, 252 to 274. Excur- 283 313 Service from, for year 1877, 291, 292. Railways from, 293 to 295. Through Trains from, 297 to303. Steam Navigation Com- Quies’ Rates from, 304-305. tea for Shigrams, Buggies, Boats, &c., at . . . . .. 306-313 Bombay Club, The.... .. . . .. Bhore Ghaut —Expedition under Colonel Egerton ascends, 28. Made practicable for artillery by General Wellesley, 43. Carriage road up, opened by Sir J. Malcolm, 67. Railway Ins cline . . . . . . . . .. ........ ..68, 293-298 Bombay, Baroda, & Centrai India Railway, 70. Time Tables . . . .296-297 Borahs,The 245 Box Work, Bombay . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 138 Brahmins, The . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 British Indian Mail Service . . ..76 304 Breach Candy, Vellard (Note) 11-239 Buildings, Public 168 Bunders, Apollo and Reclamation. . 161 246 s s a I s u s u 0 u i I a I nu —Arthur . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 161 Gun Carriage . . . . . . . . . . .. 161 —Victoria.................. 161 Burning Ground, Hindoo . . . . . . . . . . 218 Burying Ground, Mussulman . . . . . . 218 Byculla . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 228 Club, The 245 Calcutta .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 800 Callian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 97 Canal, Suez, 76. Steamers .. .. 128 Caves of Elephants, 275. Carlee 283. Kennery............ .. .. .. 280 Carlee Caves .. 288 Chamber of Commerce, Bombay, established 85 Carriages .. .. ........136-247 Chemical Works, Chimboor .. . .. 138 Claims of Bombay to attention of Visitors .. .. 151 Clive, Lord —His expedition against Gheriah, 20. Results of his con- nection with Bombay, 21. His disdainful treatment of the Mah- Climate—Unhealthiness of in 17th century, 11. Changes in, by 1763- 79—andwayoflife........ m xii lucmum’s sums ro noun“. ' PAGI Coal Depot“ .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 161 Coasting Trade .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 128 Colaba, 150. Lunatic Asylum .. .. 157 Coolies, The .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 90 Copper Pots .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 135 C o t t 0 n—Export Trade in raw ..............102, 104, 107-116 —-— Goods, Trade in, 116. Export of Indian.. .. . . 125 Green,The.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 161 -——--—- Handloom Industry in.. 130 ——Mills at Bombay, 119-123 ——— ——Previes .. .. .. .. .. .. ..99-129 Churches— St. John’s, Colaba, 157. St. Andrew‘s, Scotch, 200. The Cathedral, 209. Holy Trinity, 220. Christ, Byculla, 223. St. Peter's, Maza on, 227. Free, 229. Giru aum %iission, 231. St. Paul's, 231. Baptist .. .. .. .. .. .. 232 Church Gate Station 232 College—St. Xavier’s .. .. .. .. .. .. 181 Clothllarket 216 Clubs 245 Crawford, Arthur, Markets .. .. .. 190 CustomHouse................. .204 Castle, Bombay .................. 208 Cathedral, The.. .. .. 209 Cemeteries- Sonapore, 219. Sewree 226 Cocoanut Day .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 259 Cocoanut-tree Plantations .. .. .. .. 221 Cowasjee Jehanghier, Sir,-—His benefactions to Bombay .. . . . . .. 188 Crucifixion Drama, The, of the Portuguese .. .. .. .. .. 270 Deccan—Dearth in, 1803 .. . . . . .. .. 39 Defences, Harbour.. .. .. .. .. Delhi 302 Dewalee, The 254 Dinners 244 Diocesan High School .. .. .. .. .. .. 232 Dockyard, The, and Docks .. .. 80-200 Dock, The Hydraulic Lift . . . . . . .. 278 Drive, The Evening .. .. .. 244 East India Compan Acquire Bombay, 5. Their e orts to at- tract settlers, 5. Their system of Trade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 100 Education 78 -——-—— Society’s School, Byculla 224 Egerton, Colonel—Exmdition un- der, is defeated b hrattas .. 28 English, The, in “pestern India— Acquire Bombay, 4. Their early PAGI enemies, 13 to 16. Make Bom- bay theirhead-quarters, 18. Take Bankote, 22. Their outposts ad- vanced to Tanna, 32. Review of rogress made by since 1662, 60. heir soldiers, character of, by the Duke of Wellington 62 Elephanta,Cavesof 275 ElphinstoneCircle................ 1.78 ~ (“ollcge 188 —_——-——-HighSch001.......... 181 Elphinstone, Mountstuart 65 Reclamation 8: Decks 214 Embroidery 132 Esplanade........................ 232 Excursions from Bombay 275 Festivals, Native . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 252 Fibres..........I..................132 Foundries,Iron 137 Frere, Sir Bartle—On Bombay Sur- vey system, 77. His designs for creatinganew Bombay 165 Frere Fountain .. 178 Fryer, Dr. John—His describtion of Bombay in 17th century . . .. . . 11 Furniture ......... 135 194-196 Flats, 229 Flowers........................187-192 Fort, The . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 19 Free General Assembly’s Institu- 221 Free Church 229 Fruit . .........187-192 Game 195-250 Gardens—Public.................. 168 ~~~ ——--Vict0ria . 18‘ General Assembly's Institution.. 281 Goddard, General Takes Bassein , 29. Is forced to retreat by Mah- rattas .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 31 Government — Imperial, Provincial and Municipal .. .. .. .. .. 139-148 -——House, Parell, 225. Mala- bar Point .. .. .. 285 Governors of Bombay, List of .. .. 141 Great Indian Peninsula Railway, 69. Time Tables .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..293-298 Gun Carriage Bunder .. .. .. .. .. .. 161 Grant Medical College .. .. . . .. . . .. 228 Gymkhana,The 243 Harbour, The, of Bombay .. .. .. .. 156 —Defences..... . 159 ——Foreshore, on 218 INDEX. 1111 rAeB Haber, Bishop, on Mountstuart El- hinstone’s Administration, 66. Elia Journey to Poona 60 years ago 66 High Court, established (Note) . . . . 85 New..................174 Holkar—Defeats Scindia at Poona, 38. Cedes his rights over Khan- desh to English Government,1818 68 Hornb , Governor, and the Breach Can y Vellard (Noun. .. .. .. .. 11 Hornby Bow .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. 178 Horses .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ., .. ., ..127-250 Hospital—Goculdass Tejpall, 180. Sir J amsetjee J ejeebhoy and Sir Cowasjee J ehanghier Hospitals .. 183 Hotels .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 247 Hydraulic Lift Dock, The . . .. . . .. 278 Im rovements, Recent, in Bombay. 165 In . a—EarlyTradeof............ 94 Indo-Britzish Institution 230 Iron—Work and Foundries .. “136-137 Ivory 138 Jains,The.....,.................. 87 Jews,The.......,................ 93 Judges—TLeir quarrels with Sir John Malcolm and Company’s servantsgenerally.............. Kennedy Sea Face . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 232 KenneryG-aves 280 131 Kirkee, Battle of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 Kohlapoor.,.,.................... 68 Korygaum,actionof.............. 66 Krishna—Festival of Eighth In- carnatioan LacqueredWare 136 Lahore Land-Tax—Assessment of, 77. Re- venue from . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142- 145 Leather . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 132 Letters............................. 249 Lighthouses—Kennery, 156. The Prongs.......................... 156 Library, Asiatic Society’s .. .. .. .. 207 Mackintosh, Sir James, Recorder ofBombay (Note) .. .. .. .. 84 Madras . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 298 Mahableshwur . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 285 227 Mahommedans,The' . . . . . . . 91 Malabar,conquestof.............. 84 O.- PAGI Malabar Hill .. .. .. 239 Malcolm, Sir John, takes prisoner and makes terms with Bajee Rao, 57. Opens Bhore Ghaut Road, 67. His quarrels with the Judges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 Malwan. occupied . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 Marco-Polo . .. .. ..2-98 Marine, Bombay ..20-64 Marwarees, The .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 89 Matheran .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 288 Ma or’s Court(Note).. .. .. .. .. .. .. 84 Ma ttas, The—Limits of their language and race, 90. Their character, 90. Their rise under Sivajee in 17th century, 14. Their relations with the early English settlers at Bombay, 16. Clive’s disdainful treatment of, 22. Their power in 1756, 23. Their conquest of Salsette and Bassein, 23. First Mahratta War, 26. Supreme authority of Peshwa over, 26. Poona their capital, 26. Second Mahratta War, 27. Peace made with, by Treaty of Salbye, 31. Their dissensions and wars among their chief‘s, leading Pesh- wa to seek British protection, 36. Campaign of Assaye against, 38. Their intrigues under Pesh- wa against English, 48. Their Empire broken up by dethrone- ment of Peshwa, and incorpora- tion of his dominions in Bombay Presidency, 67. Causes of the downfall of their power .. .. ..60-61 Mangalore, Spirited Defence of. . .. 88 Marine,TheBombay.............. 20 . Mathews, General,—Disastrous Ex- peditionof.................... . 38 Mysore,Warwith 38 Matting, Cocoanut Fib're .. .. .. .. .. 186 Mills, Spinning and Weaving ..119-122 Paper.. .. .. .. . 132 137 Mechanics’ Institute, Sassoon .. .. 177 Markets—Arthur Crawford, 190. Pedder, 196. Cloth 216 Mazagon.......................... 227 Meat Mint,'1‘he 208 Mody Bay Reclamation 218 Mhhurrum, The 266 Money............................ 260 Money, Robert, Institution...... .. 217 Mooltan. 808 xiv usensm’s cums: r0 sous“. PAGE Municipality of Bombay-71M Con- stitution and Finances Museum, Victoria .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. “146-148 183 Napier, Sir Charles—On tactics to be observed troops .. .. Napier, Sir W .1 Indian Seas . .. . . News )apers .. .. . Niebu r, Carswn Opium.... .. .. Overland Route, 72 Oyster Rock .. .. Palanquin Fares .. . . . . . P. and O. Companv, 76 against 6. iilii'i'ménis' estimate of Bombay Sepoys (Note) .. .. .. Native Town, The .. .. .. . Navy—The Indian, 7 '41s; kiés'c'liiiiiiéii ofBombay.............. . 51615133111. .' 212.5521 native 32 250 79 . 126 291 . 159 813 Movements of Mail Steamers of, for 1877, 291-2. Passage Rates.. 305 Paper Mill .. . . . Parsees, The, 921' 'T'h'éi'r' rat-21.; er Silence . . Parsee Benevole Parell, 225—Government House .. Pearls Pinjrapole Pilot Bunder.. . . . . . Piracy, Extinction of. Pirate Coast, The Police, The, of the illdia nSeas.... . 132 . 237 nt 1166565511 179-21 1 225 127 222 . 157 47 46 47 Poona, the Mahratta capital, 26. Occupied by the Through Trains to English, 50. . 293 . Ilse-93 periority Population .. .. .. .. .. ... Portikguese, The—Their so in astern Seas during 16th cen- tury, 8. Occupation of Bombay b , 3. Of Bassein and Diu, 4. Their quarrels with English at Bombay, 16. Lose Salsette and Bassein to Mahrattas, 23. cline of their power in India . . .. Portuguese, The Indo .. .. .. .. Pmcious Metals, Stones, &c. .. .. .. Provincial Budget . . Post Pottery Poultry . . Public Works Queen‘s Road Queen's Statue.. .. .. 000' IIIOIIOOOIOIII Do- 25 93 134 145 175 . 132 ".'II.'.'II.195 s'éééénh'r'iei" .. .. 174 .. 233 00‘ I'IIOIII .. 175 rAal Railway Time Tables 293-80‘ Rampart Row ................177-244 Reclamations 166-213 geconler‘s Court (Note) ..... 84 efrcshment Rooms, Ap illo Bunder W Regiment Raised by citizens of Bombay 36 Religions—Toleration of, in Bom- Rcvenue—Jmperial, 142. Provin- cial, 145. Municipal . 148 Revenue Survey, The 77 Ride,'l‘he 233 Riot of February, 1874 .. .. .. .. .. .. 218 Reads 167 RottenRow 233 Rubattino Steamers 306 Sailors’Home,The 168 Sarees, Silk and Cotton.. .. .. .. .. .. 131 Sassoon—The—family, 93. Their I_)ock,160. Mechanics’ Institute, 177. Buildings . 178 Sattara, Kingdom of, restored in 1818. but annexed in .. .. 57 SawMills . 137 Sawunt Warce.......... 59 Schoolof Art 180 —-— Elphinstone High.. .. .. .. .. 181 FortChristian.............. 179 ——-Alexandra . 211 -—-—Scottish.................... 202 Byculla.................... 224 Scinde,annexedtoBombay 63 Scottish Orphanage .. .. .. .. 23: Seasons,.......................... 241 Secretariat, New.................. 169 Public Works 174 Seedee, The,—His invasion of Bombay Island .. 16 Serpents ofl‘ Bombay Coast........ 155 Servants.......................... 249 Sheeahs .........91~266 Shopping 24A Sivajee Bhouslay, founder of the Mahratta Elnpire . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 14 Slave Marketat Bombay........... 80 Soonees and Sheeahs .. ..91-266 Speculation in Bombay. during the . . . . . .. . 1 - American War . . . . . 07 110 SpinningMills ................119-123 Sports................... 250 St. Mary’s Institution .. .. .. .. .. .. 228 St. Xavier’s College . 181 Surat . . ' .. . . . .99-101 smme N0 Swimming Bath .. .. .. .. i-éiié'rii','bi's6££1bay.. .. 223 230 OOH INDEX. XV men men Tuna IIOIIUIIIIOIOIODIUOIOI oooonaootiovus-v Telegraph Oflice 175 Weaving Mills ................119-l22 Temples .. . . . . .. 222 Wellesley, Lord—Main object of his Thread, Gold and Silver, Manufac- ture .. .. .. .. 131 Through We from and to Bom- bay .. .. .. .. ..................297-303 Tipped—Services of Bombay Column against Teddy 221 Tortoise-shell Work 138 Town Hall.. .. .. 205 Towers ofSilence 237 Trade and Indus ..........94-138 Tramway .. .. .. 247-313 Trees 186 University Library 173 —— SenateHall............ 170 Vegetables" .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 193 Vehar Lake . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 279 Victoria Bunder and Basin .. .. .. 161 —_ Museum and Gardens .. .. 183 View of Bombay from Market Clock Tower,180; from the Ridge, 236 ; from Towers of Silence .. .. 237 Vingorla occupied 47 Wellesley, General, Sir Wool Wurgaum, Convention of .. .. . policy in India, 36. On share taken by Bombay in final war against Tippoo.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. A.—His letter on Colonel Monson’s retreat before Holkar, 32. His cam- paign of Assaye, 38. His opinion of the Bombay Government, 39. Of Mr. Forbes, merchant at Bom- bay, 40. Of the Bombay troops and army followers, 40. His first visit to Bombay, 41. Makes Bhore Ghaut practicable for artil- lery and opens road to Poona, 43. Bombay’s address to, 43. Dinner and Féte at the Bombay Theatre to, 44. His opinion on causes of the downfall of the Mahrattas, 61. His eulogy of English troops in India . Western fidialnbiiiiiay'uié £5.51; tal ofall 65 28 Waclqan's (snide ta finmhag. L—GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY. Bolnur, the capital and chief seaport of Western India, is situated in lat. 18° 53' 45" N., long. 72° 52' E. The city is built on a cluster of islands which, by means of connecting causeways and break-waters to shut out the sea, have been converted into a promontory of land, about three miles across at the northern end where it is now joined to the larger island of Salsette, and narrowing to a point of rock at Colaba, the southern extremity, where is the lighthouse marking the entrance to the harbour. This peninsula or, as it is still called, island of Bombay, extends over an area of 22 square miles. It “is formed by two unequal ranges of whinstone rocks,l running nearly parallel to, and at the distance of about three miles from, each other ;” and the City now covers these ridges—the highest point in which does not exceed 180 feet, which is the height of Malabar Hill just above the eastern corner of Back Bay—as well as the greater part of the plain Rotors-l features 0! Bombay. ‘ Two papers on the Geology of Bombay, one by Dr- H. J . Carter, and the other by Dr Buist, the late accomplished Editor of the Bombay Times, are pub- lished. in a collection of Geological Paper: on Western I ndia, a copy of which is in the Asiatic Society’s Library. Dr. Buist speaks of the western ridge as part of a basalt barrier running as a great sea-wall from Bassoin to Alibagh, a distance of 70 miles, for which he himself had traced it, and broken through only by the creek opening into Bombay Harbour. “ From this ridge eastward, for the space of two miles, the island is almost perfectly flat, rising, at the highest, 8 or 10 feet above the level of the sea = much of it would be submerged at high tides were the see not artificially shut out. A mass of trap, mostly greenstone, extends firom the Lighthouse, at the extreme south-eastern end of Colaba, on all the way to Bion, on the eastern side of the island, facing the harbour ; instead of forming one continuous ridge like the basalt from Malabar Paint to Mahaluxmce, it ofien links down tothe level of the sea, where it is covered. over with alluvium and is only traceable inwells, quarries, and other excavations: it sometimes rises into knolls, sometimes into beautiful picturesque little hills of about 100 feet in elevation." Sion is the Marathee word Siuri—a boundary. The Portuguese pronounced it correctly enough ; but the English corruptly pronounce me wqu as if it had something to do with the Mount Zion of the B1111.- 2 nucrris's Grins T0 BOMBAY. between. From Colaba to Mahim, on the western shore facing the Indian Ocean, is a distance of eight miles, audthis side of the island is indented with several beautiful bays, accessible only'to fishing beats, the largest being Back Bay, a false harbour extending from Colaba Point round in a graceful sweep to the opposite point of Malabar Hill. On. the eastern side of the island extends the deep, capacious, and well-sheltered harbour, an arm of the sea studded with islands which separates Bombay and Salsette from ‘the mainland, and, passing round the northern shore of the latter island at Tanna, enters the Indian Ocean again at Bassein. “ The haven' of Bombay,” says the author of a Description of the Fort and Island of Bombayz published in 1724, " comprehends all the waters that enter between Colair (Bandora Point), on the west point of the island of Salsette and the two small islands of Henery and Kennery, on the south, near the main land." On a map dated the same year, the “ old place of riding for ships in winter” (during the monsoon) is marked as near Tanna, and “ the present place” ofl" the Fort ; while there is said to be “ safe riding” between Butcher's Island and Elephanta. Opposite Colaba, the harbour is six miles broad. “ The island of Bombay, or Bomba'un as it is called by old writers, has been naturally supposed by Euro- peans to derive its name from the Portuguese, and to have denoted an advantage of its geographical position. But Briggs declares, without, however, giving his authority, that in ancient days part of the island was 0 d Mahim, and part Mumba é, from an idol. And, certainly, an old temple, dedicated to Moomba Devee, or the goddess Moomba, formerly stood on the plot now called the Esplanade.” (Anderson) The tank and temple _o_f V Mombadgyee, in the most frequented pm the native town still reserve the name. Yule (Ma/r00 Polo) detects in the latter part of the compound name Tanna-Maiambu, which, according to Barbosa, was used to des'ignaEthmkingdom om; i? the beginning of the sixteenth century, the first historical mention of the name Bombay. I would venture to suggest that W The name Bombay. The Portuguese Occupation. GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY. 8 the word Mahim itself may be identical with Maiambu and Mumbayé. I find, in the Description of Bombay in 1724, a statement that “ Mahim was the name formerly of the whole island. There was in old time buift here by the Moors a great castle; and, in the time of the kings of Portugal, this was the place where the court and the custom-house was kept, and here were twei-Bflii—bJ—MW “‘1 As, however, wwsiéiy before the Portugese occupation, it is useless to discuss further the origin of the name, Bombay, which, if it be interpreted to mean " good harbour,” is at all events a most felicitous title. The island, probably, fell into the hands of the Portuguese in 1529. From W, the day on which VascWed Calicut, the power in the Eastern seas of the European nation that had had the skill and fortune to discover the passage round the Cape of Good Hope had gone on rapidly increasing till it became quite irresistible. From 1505, says Lafitau (Histoire des De'coucertes et Conquétes des Portugais), the Portuguese had such a superiority that they laid down the law wherever they Went in India. They contented them- selves, however, for a long time with destroying the maritime trade carried on by the Moors or Arabs in the Indian Ocean, and making settlements on the Malabar Coast to the south of Bombay at Calicut, Cananore, Dabul, and Chaul. Albuquerque took Goa (then esteemed the best port in Western India and one of the most considerable cities in the peninsula) in 1510, and made it the metropolis of Portuguese India. But between Goa and Ormus, at the entrance of the Persian Gulf, the Portuguese held no place at that time considered of great importance till the middle of the century, when (1546), after repeat- ed contests, they at last acquired Diu. They, however, fre- quently ravaged the intervening coast, and in 1530 Nugnc da Cunha, after pillaging Surat, sailed to Bombay to exact from “ the king of Tsnna”—a prince holding this maritime district under the ultan of Guzerat (Beder) —the tribute he had “ agreed to pay 4 incum’s cum: ro soxsn. the previons year." In 1531 the same viceroy selected Bombay as the general rendezvous for a formidable expedition with which he first assailed Diu, and afterwards (1538) took Bassein, which, with its dependencies, including Salsette and Bombay, was formally ceded by Sultan Bahadur of Guzerat in 1584. In the latter half of the sixteenth century, when Portuguese rule was securely established along the coast, Bombay was made one of the districts under the control of the captain-general of Bassein. The Emlrwho trait—(17%;; 5556;115675‘ eeapeuram for the Indian trade at the end of the sixteenth century, soon cast cove- tous eyes on Bombay, and they made one or two inefiectual attempts to get possession of it before it was ceded to England, in 1661, as part of the dowry of the Infants Catherine, on her marriage with Charles the Second. Article XI. of the treaty of June 28, 1661, referring to the cession, says, it is made “ for the better improvement of the English interest and commerce in the East Indies, and that the king of Great Britain may be better enabled to assist, defend, and protect the subjects of the king of Portugal in those parts from the power and invasion of the states of the united provinces." The Portuguese in India, however, at that time probably resented as an insult the suggestion that they required English help to protect them against the Dutch. After the cession, the Earl of Marlborough, with a fleet of five men-of-war and 500 troops under Sir Abraham Shipman, was sent from England, with a commissioner from Portugal, to take over the island. But the Portuguese governor, when the fleet arrived in September 1662, refused to give up the “ dependencies" of Bombay, Salsette and Caranja, along with the island itself : and Lord Marlborough went home, while the troops—the first body of regular English soldiers ever sent to India—were landed on the island of Angediva, off Carwar, where Sir Abraham Shipman and most of his men died, and Mr. Cooke, Sir Abraham’s secretary, signed a convention accepting the cession of the island alone. Charles II. repudiated this convention and demanded from the Cession o! the Island to the English. GEOGRAPHY no) nisrosx. 5 court of Portugal £100,000 as compensation for the loss sufiered by Lord Marlborough’s expedition. The king also claimed that the island and port should be given up to him, “ to the full extent formerly exhibited to his majesty in the map, containing not only Bombay but Salsette and Tsnna." It does not appear, however, that anything came of this remonstrence. The English did not enter Bombay till 1664, and in 1668 thgldng, con- sidering the place an unprofitable possession. beam—it over to the Tanner to the nut 1mm East India Company, to be heldb them Company“ ‘ on pament of the annual rent of wield." One condition of the Company’s charter, which bound them not to partwith the island, and to provide a proper garrison for it, was that “ all persons born in Bombay were to be accounted natural subjects of England." It is not surprising that the king thought little of his acquisition, State at the Island in “m for Sir Gervase Lucas, who was ap. century, and judicious ego,“ pointed to supersede Mr. Cooke as made by the East India Cem- governor, estimated the total revenues psny to attract settlers. of wg7 to be 75,000 :9“, phins, or £6,490 17s. 4d, paid by a pWflsouls. As soon as the Company had had the island transferred to them, they made wise and liberal regulations for stimulating the growth of the place. TlWWe/igiijmmhould “WWII a rwwwrcnhmunder L119. Protec- twig-y that the inhabitants, chiefly English, should be en- couraged to settle in it, and be exempted for five years from the pay. ment of customs ; that the revenues should be improved without im. posing any discouraging taxes; that the Protestant religion should be favoured, but no unnecessary restraints imposed upon the inhabitants Might profess a difierent faith ; that manufacturers ofgllsorts of cotton and silks should be encouraged, and looms profili—ed for the The gomWWmfi—dmtioe men of all nations to settle in Bombay by the promise of religious liberty, 6 MADLEAN’! ems ro soxsn. freedom of foreign trade, and encouragement to native industry, shows the sagaoity of the English merchants of those days, and enables us to understand why they soon outstripped their intolerant Portuguese rivals. Land in Bombay being, for the most part, Ega- lr'nmEQirsrssssa$285112“? Pth “110 were “1.101% ,t9n999FPI-4-WEELRIQQB 0T Emu” “ind build “P011 then} ; and there can be no doubt that a large proportion of the private property now existing in the island was created in this way. The city soon became a place of refuge for natives from the neighbouring, and even from distant, territories ; and Bombay can share with Home and other great cities the reproach of having been founded by adventurers of indiiferent characters. Dr. John Fryer, who visited the island in 1675, and whose Travels, published in 1682, have supplied the best materials for all the accounts that have since been written of the state of Bombay at that period, says :—“ The popu- lation numbers 60,000, more by 50,000 than the Portuguese ever had—- a mixture of most of the neighbouring countries, most of them fugi- tives and vagabonds.” To this day, as we shall show more in detail in the section on population. Bombay is a real collum'es gentium, and a satirist might, perhaps, apply to it terms as harsh as Dr. Johnson unfairly used to describe the English capital a century ago :— Chursoter o! the Population. London, the needy villain‘s general home, The common sewer of Paris and of Rome. It can hardly be the case, however, that the manners of the Eng. lish residents have not improved since 1689, when Mr. Ovinggon, chaplain to His Majesty, visited Bombay, and ascribed the general bad health of Europeans to the great wickedness that reigned upon the island. “ For I cannot,” says the Worthy chaplain, “ without horror, mention to what a pitch all vicious euormities were grown in this place, when the infection was most outrageous; nor can I but think that the Divine Justice interposed, and forwarded those fatal infelicities which are not wholly imputa. Jule to an impure contagion of the air, or the gross infec. - enoemrsv AND nine“. '7 tion of the elements. Luxury, immodesty, and a prostitute dissolution of mariners, found still new matter to work upon. Wickedness was still upon the improvement, and grew to such a. perfection, that no vice was so detestable as not to be extremely vicious” (the reverend gentleman’s language is here somewhat confused) ; “whereby Satan obtained a more despotic authority in the hearts of the Christians than he did among the gentiles in the pageantry of heathen worship.” Mr. Ovington came to Bombay at the beginning of the rains, and “ buried of the twenty-four passengers, which we brought with us, above twenty, before they were ended; and of our own ship’s company, ‘above fifteen,” and, as he did not wait for finer weather, he naturally took a morose view of the physical and moral state of Bombay. The morals of the English in Western India were probably just about as good or as bad in those days as those of the English at other settlements. A seaport town, with a mixed population recruited from all parts of the world, is not usually the home of virtue; and, though the inhabitants of Bombay ' generally now plume themselves on their respectability, the city must contain alarge proportion of “ vagabonds" still. But it is satisfactory to know that the freedom of manners, of which Mr. Ovington complained two centuries ago, co-existed with other kinds offreedom, the fruits of the deliberate policy of the English Government, which stamped the community with that character of vigorous vitality for which it is still remarkable, and which has raised the city to its present greatness. i V Fryer's description of Bombay is worth quoting in full, for its Frye“ Demflpflon of Ban— minuteness and general accuracy. On bay. Cooke’s lending in Bombay in 1664, “ he found a pretty well-seated but ill-forti- fied house” where Bombay Castle now stands, “ four brass guns being the whole defence of the island, unless a few chambers housed in small towers convenient places to scour the Malabars, who were ae- customed to seize cattle and depopulate whole villages by their 0ut* rages. About the house was a delicate garden, voiced to be the plea; IACLIAN’I GUIDE TO BOHBAY. (1| . Tf/t ro/ untest in India, intended rather for wanton dalliance, Love's artillery, than to make resistance against an invading foe." This garden could not have been a pleasant place for lovers' meetings during the rains, orwe might suppose that Mr. Ovington had been scandalized at what he had seen there. The English were preparing at this time to resist an invasion of Bombay by the Seodee, and “ bowers dedicated to ease" had consequently been turned into bold ramparts, while the walks, “ which were before covered with Nature's verdant awnings and lightly pressed by soft delights," were “ open to the sun and loaded with the hardy cannon." “ Within the Fort were mounted 120 pieces of ordnance, and in other convenient stands 20 more, besides 60 field pieces ready in their carriages to attend the militia and Bundaries," &c. “ At a distance enough from the Fort lies the town, in which confusedly live the English, Portuguese, Topazes (Indo-Portuguese), Gentoos, Moors, Coolies, and Christians—mostly fishermen. It is a full mile in length ; the houses are low and thatched with oleas of the cocoa trees ; all but a few the Portuguese left, and some few the Company have built. The custom-house and warehouses are tiled or plastered, and, instead of glass, use panes of oyster-shells for their windows. There is also a reasonably hand- some bazaar at 555—5551? the town, looking into the field, where l' cows and buffaloes graze. The Portuguese have a pretty house and i 1‘: ',, church, with orchards of Indian fruit adjoining. The English have v only a burying place called Mendam’s Point, from the first man’s name therein interred, where are some few tombs that make a pretty show at entering the haven, but neither church nor hospital, both ofwhioh are mightily desired." This was written 200 years ago ; and now, though we have plenty of churches, the “ hospital" for the English is still “ mightin desired." “ On the back side of the towns of Bombaim and Mahim are woods of cocoas, under which inhabit the Bundaries (those that prune and cultivate them), these horton (oarts) being the greater purchase and estates in the island for several miles together, till the sea breaks in between them, over against which, up the bay, a mile, lies Mazagon, a great fishing town, pooulisrly notable for a fish called bumbalo—the sustenance oi the BIOGRAPHY AND HISTORY. 9 poorer sort, who live on them and batty-field, &c.; the ground between this and the great breach is well ploughed, and bears good batty. Here the Portuguese have another church and religious house belonging to the Franciscans. Beyond it is Par-ell, where they have another church and demesnes belonging to the Jesuits”——the present Government House at Parell—“ to which appertains Sion, manured by Coonbees (husbandmen), where live the Trasses or porters also. Under these uplands the washes of the sea produce a lunary tribute of salt left in pans or pits made on purpose at spring-tides for the overflowing, and when they are full are incrustated by the heat of the sun. In the middle, between Patel], Mabim, Sion, and Bombay, is a hollow wherein is received a breach, running at three several places, which drowns 40,000 acres of good land, yielding nothing else but samphire, athwart which, from Parell to Mahim, are the ruins of a stone causeway made by Pennanees. At Mahim the Portuguese have another complete church and house; the English, a pretty custom-house and guard‘ house; the Moors, also, a tomb in great veneralion for a. pear or prophet. At Salvesong the Franciscans enjoy another church and convent ; this side is all covered with trees of cocoas, jawkes, and mangoes ; in the middle lies Verulee (Worlee), where the English have a watch. On the other side of the great inlet to the sea is a gre-it point abutting against Old Women’s Island (Colaba), and is called Malabar Hill, a rocky, woody mountain, which sends forth long grass. At the top of all is a Parsee tomb lately reared; on its declivity towards the sea is the remains of a stupendous pagoda near a tank of fresh water (Walkeshwar), which the Malabars visited it mostly for. Thus have we completed our rounds, being in circum- ference twenty miles, the length eight, taking in Old Woman’s Island, which is a little low, barren island, of no other profit but to keep the Company’s antelopes and beasts of delight." The citadel and fort of Bombay here spoken of include only Bombay Castle, and perhaps Fort George, as may be seen from a sketch in Ovington's Voyage to Surat. The town extended over the area afterwards enclosed within the more extensive fortifications 10 )lACLEAN’S cums 'ro sous“. which gave ils name to the modem Fort, and which were pulled down in 1863. This town lay along the eastern face of the island, from Boree Bunder to the southern extremity of Bombay proper, then known as Mendam’s Point. Tie site of this Point, where was the first English burying-ground, was close to the present Coopemge and Bandstand on the Esplanade, the sea having uithin living memory flowed across here from Back Bay to Bombay harbour before the construction of the causeway to Colaba. and the reclamation of part of the foreshore of Back Bay. The field Where the buffaloes grazed is the eastern part of the present Esplanade; and there were no houses apparently beyond the limits of the present Fort, except the fishermen's dwelling-places on Dungaree Hill (now Nowrojee), overlooking the harbour, and the toddy drawers’ huts on the west in the co‘coanut groves —all the way up to Mazagon. The cocoanut plantations not only stretched along the shore as they do now, from Back Bay to Mahaluxmee,bnt covered a'great part of the area of the present native town and Esplanade. Between Mahaluxmee and Worlee the sea. poured in across what are now the Flats, submerging the land up to Paydhonee‘ at the southern end of the Parell road. The sea, again, flowed past Mahim and Sion into Bombay harbour, drowning land which since been reclaimed by the construction of the solid causeway. (built by Governor Duncan in 1805) and the rai way embankment between Sion and Coorla on the island of Salsette. From Parell~ and Mazagon southwards, in fact, Bombay must have then con. sisted of a narrow ridge or spit of rock which broadened out again into a plain about three miles across and four long, where it was sheltered from the sea by Malabar Hill. The con. struction (in Governor Hornby’s time, 1771 to 1784) of the vellard closing the main breach of the sea, from Mahaluxmee- to~ Lovegrove, made a great change in the appearance of the island by rescuing the Flats from being flooded with salt * “ Feet-washing place,” so called because at this, the last stream on entering Bombay, travellers washed their feet. GEOGRAPHY mo msronr. 11 water-.1 The population had by that time greatly outgrown the limits of the Fort, and the eastern portion of the native town was already built over; but it is only within this century, since the great fire of 1803 in the Fort, that the Flats have been extensively built over. The surface of the occupied ground has been raised, and is now tolerably well drained; but a great part of the area is still below the level at which the rain runs ofi in the monsoon, and is flooded for four months during the rainy season of the year. The island has been extended in other directions, towards the harbour and Back Bay, by the reclamation of. the foreshores, and it is now not inaptly compared to a saucer or shallow rocky basin filled with sand, and protected against the encroachments of the sea by hills and embankments. This settlement of rock, swamps, andjungle seems to have been The melamine“ of 130111. a perfect chamel-house for the English ha? 200 years 9'80- two centuries ago. Mr. Ovington pro- posed that “ as the ancients gave the epithet of Fortunate to some islands in the West, because of their delightful- ness and health, so the moderns may, in opposition to them, denominate Bombay the Unfortunate one in the East, because of the antipathy it bears to those two qualities.” And cer- tainly the account he gives of the place would justify the epithet. There was very little corn or cattle in the island, but what was imported from the adjacent country, “ and those not in ‘ There is rather an amusing anecdote about this Hornhy or Breach Candy vellard. Governor Hornby (who appears to have been possessed of unusual energy and determination), perceiving that the first step towards improving the sanitary condition of Bombay was to shut out the sea at Breach Candy, fought hard throughout his term of office to obtain from the Court of Directors emission to execute this work at a cost of about a lakh of rupees. The Birectors refused steadily to sanction such an extravagance At last Governor Hornl-y, having only about 18 months more toserve, commenced the work without sanction, knowing full well that he could finish it before the Court of Directors could possibly interfere. Accordingly, about the time the vellaJ-d was finished, Governor Homby, openin with his own hand the despatchcs, found an order for his suspension, which, is term ofofiice being nearly expired, he put in his pocket, until he had finally handed over charge to his successor. The Honoura le Court of Directors were excessively irate, and an order came out which, we believe, has ever since been in force, that the governor should never open the despatches in future, but that they should first be perused by one of the secretaries to Government. 1’ IACLIAN’! GUIDI TO BOMBAY. great plenty, nor of very good growth; so that a present of a sheep or two from Surat was an acceptable present to the best man in Bombay." “And the unhealthiness of the water bears ajust proportion to the scarcity and meanness of the diet." “ The prodigious growth of vermin and of venomous creaturesI at the time of the Munoom, do abundantly likewise demon- strate the malignant corruption of the air, and the natural cause of its direful efiects upon the Europeans; for spiders here increase their bulk to the largeness of a man’s thumb, and toads are of anot much less size thana small duck." One gentleman affirmed, in the governor’s and Mr. Ovington’s presence, that “ he believed it rained frogs, because he espied upon his hat small frogs when he was at a great distance from any house whence they might drop.” " All wounds and contusions in the flesh are likewise very rarely healed here." It is still the case that flesh wounds and sores are healed with the greatest difliculty in Bombay. “ But the comp. tion of the air has a more visible and immediate eflect upon young English infants, so that not one of twenty of them live to maturity, or even beyond their infant days." “ The common fatality has, indeed, created a proverb among the English here, that two Mussoons are the age of a man.” This picture may be painted with too sombre colours, for, as we have said, Mr. Ovington only saw Bombay during the worst season of the year ; and he was so horrified at his experience of the island that he refused the governor’s entreaties to stay here, and sailed away to Surat. All his diseases left him during the voyage, “in the middle of which passage we manifestly perceived in our bodies an evident alteration and change of air for the best, as our palates could dis. tinguish between the taste of wine and that of water.” Some of these complaints are manifestly prompted by a sick man'l irritable fancy; but other travellers speak in much the same way. Fryer declares it to be his opinion that, of every five hundred Europeans who came to live on the island, not one hundred left it, and he enumerates a formidable list of pro. valent diseases—fluxes, dropsy, scurvy, glow o,,_ GIOGIAPHY AND BIITOIY. 13 W3. gout, stone, malignant and putrid fevers. But “ the disease which was especially fatal in Bombay was called by the Portuguese practitioners of medicine ‘ the Chinese death,’ or cholic, and its symptoms were precisely those of cholera morbus" (Anderson’s English in Western India). Malaria, intemperanoe, bad drinking water, and want of care in at- tending to the sick, were the causes of so many deaths. Bom- bay is now considered a very healthy place for Europeans, but the bad name the place got and maintained for fully a century could not have been undeserved, or we should have had by this time a larger resident European population in a city which has been for two hundred years an English possession. In addition to the discouragement created by the unhealthiness of Early Enemies of the may the place, the early English settlers in nah M Bombam Bombay had powerful enemies to con- tend against. At the beginning of the sixteenth century, when the Portuguese first made their appearance in India, the country was said to be divided among five powerful kings, the Mussulman /_Su’lt_aius__9_fv_pvelhhi,v__gambay, tlie‘Deccan, the Hindoo Rajamihiga (Beejanuggur), and the (Hindoo) zaznorin of Calicut ; each of these monarchs having numerous tributary princes Ede}.- him. In the course of the sixteenth century, the Moguls, who invaded Northern India under Baber about the time when Albu- querqe was establishing the supremacy of Portugal in place of that of the Zamorin on the Malabar Coast, subdued the provinces extending from the Himalayas southwards to the Nerbudda, and began their at- tempts to conquer the Deccan. The great Bahminee dynasty of the Deccan came to an end during the same century, and its dominions were broken up into five Mussulman kingdoms—those of Beejapore, Ahmednuggur, Golconda, Beder, and Berar. The princes of these states in 1565 defeated Ram Raja, the sovereign of Beejanuggur, in a great battle, thus destroying the only great Hindoo kingdom left in India. The first half of the seventeenth century was marked by the still growing ascendancy of the Moguls, whose empire was constantly extended southwards till it attained, in the reign of Shah Johan l4 MACLEAN'S cums 'ro BOMBAY. (1627-1658), an unparalleled degree of greatness and splendour. The sultans of Golconda and Beejapore, however, still preserved their independence when the English settled at Bombay ; and the long and desolatiug struggle maintained by Shah J ehan and his suc- cessor, Aurungzebe, to bring these kingdoms into subjection to the imperial throne of Delhi became in the end as ruinous to the Mogul dynasty itself as the war in Spain was to the first Napoleon. Sivajec Bhonslay shorn May lowliillghrattg ggblg in the service g; my Sultan oill’ee‘japgrye, noting the suicidal dissensions of the Mussnl- man rulers of India, conceived the design of so turning these to account as to set his country free. His first followers were the Mawulees, the hardy peasantry inhabiting the hills and valleys into which the elevated table land of the Deccan breaks as it approaches from the eastward the verge of the Syhadree mountain range, or Western Ghauts, at the base of which, three thousand feet below, the tract of country called the Concan extends to the sea. He soon made himself famous by daring feats of arms which are celebrated in popular songs sung to this day through- out Maharashtra. His early exploits in the capture of strong hill forts remind the reader of Scott’s Tales of a, Grandfather of the deeds of Robert Bruce and his companions in arms, the Black Douglas and Randolph ; and the treacherous murder by Sivajee \in 1659) of Afzool Khan, the Beejapore general, who had been sent against him and whom he entrapped into a private interview and slew with a wagnuck,‘ had as important political results as followed the murder of John Cmyn in the cloisters of Grey Friars’ Church at Dumfries. Sivajee—who had up to this time encroaohed im. partially on the territories of the emperor and the sultan of Beeja- pore, “ carefully avoiding an irreparable breach with either power, following up the most audacious acts of plunder with apologies and applications for pardon, and thus extending his possessions, amass. The Mahrattas. 1 The wagnuck, or tiger‘s claws, is a small steel instrument, made to fit on the fore and little fingers. It has three crooked blades, which are easily con- eealed in a half-closed hand.- (Granl Duf.) 16 menu’s euro! T0 soumr. of their renown. The English at Surat had established a toler- ‘ably good understanding with the Mahomedan governors of the western provinces of the Mogul empire, and this t‘ a] improved by the successful defence of their factories againlt Sivajee, but, as the Mahratta empire grew in strength1 they soon found it necessary to come to terms with a power which commanded the principal passes into the Deccan and Southern India, and could also do much injury to the trade from Guzerat to the states of Central and Northern India. Bivajee, however, and his immediate successors attempted nothing against Bombay, though Angria and the Malabar pirates may be said to have plunder- ed in their name. Indeed, the Mahmttas helped to counteract the designs of a far more mischievous enemy, the Portuguese, who occupied the islands of Salsette and Caranja, and, from theirforts on the latter island and at Tanna and Bandora, “ obstructed the entrance of provisions, and created every obstacle to the trade of the island.” Being in possession of the fruitful districts of the mainland opposite Bombay, the Mahrattas were glad to send provisions across the harbour in exchange for munitions of war and other foreign goods; and thus the English garrison was saved from being starved out. So early as 1675, the East India Company presented a memorial to King Charles II., praying for redress and retaliation on the Portu- guese. The Company alleged that they had spent £70,000 in strengthening the defences of the island, and they complained that the Portuguese still failed to fulfil the terms of the original treaty, and injured English trade by levying dues on the Company’s boats and goods. The king directed the Company to refuse payment of these dues, and the quarrel lingered on till the Portu- guese found an ally against the English inthe Seedee or Hubshee of J injeera, a petty state a few miles down the coast. The Seedee, one of the Abyssinians whom the Mus- sulman princes were fond of importing into India to fight their battles on land and at sea, held the appoint- ment of admiral to the Great Mogul. He was constantly The Portuguese. The 5991199- GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY. engaged in warfare with the Mahrattas ; and when they Seized and fortified the little island of Kennery, on which there is now a lighthouse, at the mouth of Bombay harbour, in order to command the entrance, he fortified the neighbour- ing islet of Kennery. The English took neither side in this contest, but the Seedee became embittered against them because they forbade him, for fear of retaliations by the Mahrattas, to sell as slaves at Mazagon and Bombay the people he carried off from the districts across the harbour in his various plundering incursions. The Seedee treated this prohibition with the greatest insolence, and, being commissioned by Aurungzebe to punish the English for the depredations of Captain Kydd and other English pirates on native commerce, he wintered two or three seasons at Mazagon, and in 1688-9 besieged Bombay Castle. The English were not strong enough to drive him out of the island, but they induced the emperor to issue an order to him to withdraw his forces, and they then obtained some compensation for their losses by seizing all the lands and houses of the Portuguese at Parell, Mahim, and elsewhere in the island, on the plea that the Portuguese had aided and abetted the invasion. This was the greatest danger the settlement ever encountered. The Portuguese, still more embittered against the English by the result of the Seedee’s expedition, continued their efforts to do mischief to Bombay, but they could cfiect nothing. In 1716 M1: Boone, the governor of the island, found himself strong enough to demand the cession of the customs dues collected at Bandora and “ the opening of the pass at Tanna” to English trade. The Portuguese, in retalia- tion, joined with the Mahratta pirate, Angria, in 1721, sheltered and succoured him, and began to refuse to pay dues at Mahim. The English persisting in their claim to the complete control of the “ Mahim river" or creek, the Portuguese, in 1722, commenced bos- tilities by firing on the fort of Mahim and on some English boats. They also built a battery at Coorla, which the English demolished. The end of this petty warfare was that, through the interference of the English government, the Portuguese viceroy at Goa was in- 3 18 IACLEAN’s owns T0 some“. structed to dismiss the captain-general at Bassein, who had been the worst enemy of the English, and soon afterwards the Portuguese ceased to be capable of giving further annoyance. With these foreign foes to fight against, the English, cooped up in their little island, for a long time could make but small headway; but they understood the real value and capabilities of Bombay, and clung to it, while Mahrattas, Moguls, and Portuguese succeeded in ruining one another. At Bombay the English were their own masters, which they could not be said to be at Surat, where the settlement was at the mercy of the Mogul governor, who on several occasions plundered and imprisoned the Company’s ofiicers : and so early as 1686 orders suP°fi°my °f Bombay “‘5 were sent out to transfer the seat of English head-quarters recog- _ _ nized1886_ government in Western India from Surat to Bombay, which, Bantam having been conquered by the Dutch, was declared to be “the seat of the power and trade of the English nation in the East Indies.“ The Dutch had at one time sent a fleet to take possession of Bombay, but found the fort too strongly guarded for them to attempt anything against it. While engagel in defending itself against so many foreign enemies, the island still made some progress in its home afiairs. Amint and post office were established in 1686, the military force was increased, and the revenue put on a better footing ; a tax of one rupee per annum being levied on each shopkeeper in addition to duties on ships and fishing boats. Domestic dissensions, however (Keigwin, who commanded the troops, having at one time mutinied and taken possession of the island, holding it for three years, while the quarrels of the old and new East India Companies about the trade threw the settlement intoa state of anarchy), checked for many years the progress of Bombay. Finally, in 1708, the two compa- nies were fused into the United East India Company, and three presidencies ruled by governors in council were created—those of ' Bombay created an indepen- dent Presidency (1708)v GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY. 19 Galcutta, Madras, and Bombay—each of which was declared abso- lute within its own limits, and remained independent of the others till the appointment of a governor~general for all India in 1773. It was not, however, till the middle of the eighteenth century, Bombay’afintofiensivewu‘ that Bombay began to emerge from Expeditions against Mam obscurity, and to become something better than aforeign settlement, main- miningaprecarious existence in the midst of a host of avowed and secret enemies. The first incident in its history that brings out clearly the rising political and military importance of the place is the successful attack made by Admiral Watson and Colonel Clive in 1756—the year before the battle of Plassey—on the principal stronghold of Angria, the Mahratta chief of Coleba, This Angria had succeeded to the power at sea formerly enjoyed by the Seedee, who, owing to the decay of the Mogul empire, was now left to his own resources, and could do little more than defend his island for- tress of Jinjeera, which the Mahrattas regularly besieged almost every year, but never succeeded in taking. Kanhojee Angria, com- manding the Mahratta fleet, had made himself formidab'e before the end of the 17th century by his activity as a. pirate “ Vessels of all nations were attacked; repeated descents were made along the coast, and few of the defenceless mercantile towns, from Travancore to Bombay, escaped a visit from these depredators." Aogtia’s chief rendezvous was the greater Colaba, an island off Alibag, alittle to the south of Bombay, and he held the districts of the Concan as far south nearly as Vingorla, his chief forts being Severndroog and Gheriah or Viziadroog. " For a. time Angria refrained from molesting the English; but, in consequence of his taking the ship ‘ Success,’ under British colours, war was declared against him in 1717.” The English and Portuguese, after a time, made common cause against him; but he continued for many years to den'de their efforts, and a joint expedition, undertaken against him, was unsuccessful. But in 1755 Governor_ Bourchier of Bombay had contracted intimate relations with the Peshwa Ballajee n is V 20 MACLEAX’S GVIDE TO BOMBAY. Bajee Rae, who had now established the hereditary authority of the Peshwas, the prime ministers of the Mahratta. mjas, throughout Maharashtra, and had confined the nominal raja, the descendant of Sivafee, in the fortress of Sattara. Ballajee had a high opinion of the English, and beenth intoan alliance with them to reduce Surat, and to attack Tmlajee Kanhojee Angria, who held the southern portiar of the territory first acquired by his father Kanh oj ee, and whorefused to pay allegiance to the Peshwa. Commodore James, of the Bombay Marine, sailed onMarch 22, 1756, to attack Severudroog, with an expedition consisting of a 44-gun ship, a ketch of 16 guns, and two bomb vessels. “A wanton delay on the part of the Hahratta fleet enabled Angria’s vessels at Severndroog (the present port of Humee, 70 miles south of Bombay) to avoid the English ships. Commodore James, after a fruitless chase as far as Jyegurh, returned to Severndroog, where he com- menced operations on the 2nd April, stood close under the fortifications, and by noon of the fourth day, from the commence. ment of the attack, was in possession of the four distinct forts of which Severndroog consists, without theloss of a man : an _ achievement,which from the previous idea entertained of the pirate Angria, and the strength of the fortifications, was matter of surprise even to those who accomplished it. The whole success Was justly attributed to the vigour and judgment of Commodore James, and the resolution of his handful of troops and sailors. The Peshwa’s fleet never ventured within gun-shot ;”v and it is tolerably clear that the sympathy of the Mahmttas was really with Angria rather than the Peshwa. Commodore James returned to Bombay in May, where, after the rains, Admiral Watson arrived with some of the king’s ships. About the same time Clive came to Bombay on his way out from , Cave and walsollys ExPeffi' England, for the purpose of joining the hon against Ghana-h [Vima- . - Moog} Mahrattas 1n a war against the French and their allies in the Deccan, but, be- fore his arrival, the governors of Madras and Poudicherry had agreed The Bombay Marine. GEOGRAPHY AND HXSTORY. 21 that both French and English should cease to take part in wars be- tween native princes. The government of Bombay, therefore, refused to let the force the Directors had placed under Clive’s command— three companies of royal artillery and 300 infantry—do anything to break this convention; “ so that," says Malcolm, “ Clive lost the opportimityof opposing the celebrated Bussy on the plains of the Deccan.” Admiral Watson was lying at Bombay when Clive arrived ; and the opportunity was thought excellent for employing the means which accident had left disposable to punish the pirate Anglia by an attack on Gheriah, one of his strongholds, which lies a little more than two degrees south of Bombay, and which derived its strength from the reputed courage of its defenders, and from its site upon a. rocky promontory almost sur- rounded by the sea. The expedition was undertaken in concert with the Mahrattas; but, suspicions being entertained that the latter were in communication with Angria, operation: were precipitated so as to preclude them from all share in the enterprise. The admiral having attacked and burnt the fleet of the pirate, Clive interposed his force on the land side between the fort and the Mahratta general, who had hastened to cooperate. The fort soon fell (February 13, 1756), and the booty, about ten lacs of rupees, was divided by the British forces, without admitting their allies to any participation (Malcolm's Life of Olive). Accordingto Grant Duff, the expedi- tion consisted of three ships of the line, one ship of 50, and another of 4% guns, with several armed vessels, amounting in all to fourteen sail, and having on board 800 Europeansoldiera and L000 native infantry. Thus was the most dangerous enemy to the English in Bombay at last reduced to a state of harmleesness. It is singular that this remarkable event should be connected with the great name of Clive. Already, by his brilliant de- fence of Arcot, Clive had established the superiority in arms of the English over the French in Southern India; he now taught the government of Bombay their own strength against the country powers by smssfully carrying out a bold ofiensive enterprise, and ‘_"——‘ ‘fi 22 nacnmn’s cums: 10 some“. it was reserved for him in the following year to found a new empire in Bengal. To Clive’s successes, then, Bombay, like her sister cities of Madras and Calcutta, may trace the origin of her present political greatness. The Fort of Gheriah or Viziadroog was surrendered to the Peshwa, according to the terms agreed upon Acquisition BY the EDSUBh before the expedition under Olive, and fizzzlimég‘ “zutfgngg Watson set sail ,-hut the English, who jam coultmm “ had tried to induce the Peshwa tolet them keep Gheriah obtained in return for it the cession of Bankote and several other villages on the main land to the south of Bombay, with a pledge that “ the Mah- ratta government would never permit the Dutch to settle or come into their dominions, but would, on the contrary, issue express orders to prevent their carrying on any trade therein.” As the French never got a footing on this side of India, this treaty of 1756, coupled with the decay of the Portuguese pow-er, assured to the English the supremacy they had so long contested with other European nations. Clive seems in this transaction to have treated the Mahrattas very cavalier-1y, but his suspicions of treachery on their part were probably well-founded, for, although there had up to this timebeen almost uniform friendship between the Mahmttas and the English at Bombay, it is not likely that the former entered cordially into the scheme for destroying the power of Toolajee An- grin. Grant DuE, in his History of the Mahmttas, sccnsesthe English of acting with bad faith; but the general remark of the same historian—that “ all the states in India were inimioal to Europeans of every nation, and,even when bound down by treaties, they were at best but faithless friends, whose jealousy, no less than their preiudice, would have prompted them to extirpate the loreigners"—applies to this among other expeditions. It is on record that the Maliratta general tried to bribe English ofiicers to delay operations, or at least to let some of his Clive‘s disdaintul treatment of the Mahrattas. crocnsrur AND msronr. 23 men pass through Clive’s lines into the fort, and we may well believe, therefore, that these allies meditated treachery. On the other hand, it must be admitted that the morality of the Eng. lisb in those days, and notably of Olive himself, allowed them in feel no scruple in attacking the natives with their own favourite weapon of chicane. It shows, however, the rising confidence of the English in their own strength that they could already afford to treat with scant courtesy a people then at the height of their repu. tation. 111 1756, five years before the flower of the Mahratta nation were cut off and the dream of founding a Hindoo empire on the ruins of that of the Moguls was dissipated on the fatal field of Paniput (fought on January 7, 1761) —where Ahmed Shah Abdallee routed the Mahratta army under Sedasheo Rae Bhow with a slaughter of 200,000 men—the horde of “ imperial banditti," as Sir T. Munro called the Mahrattas, were masters of all India from the Carnatic as far north as Agra and Delhi. The states of Holkar, Scindia, the Raja of Berar and the Gaekwar had been created; and the Mahratta confederacy seemed to be destined to drive out the foreigners and make India for the first time for many centuries independent. To come nearer home, the Mahrattas had recently driven the Portuguese out of Salsette and Bassein, and thus become the im. mediate and formidable neighbours of the English at Bombay. The Portuguese had provoked the war in 1737 by interfering in Angria’s Colaba, where they supported one brother against another who was upheld by the Peshwa. The The” Name“ °f salsene Mahrattas invaded Salsette, taking aimcapmre (if the Portuguese Ghorebunder opposite Bassein b city of Bassem. ’ 9 Y surprise, captured Tanna, the fortifi. cations there being unfinished, and Oaranja, an island fort in the harbour of Bombay, and were only repulsed in an attack on Bandora because the English, alarmed at their progress, had sent a reinforcementtoaid the Portuguese. It appears certain, however, that at the same time the English sold the Mahrattas powder and Their power-Ln 1‘756. g4 MACLEAN’S cum: To some“. shot for the defence of Tanna, which the Portuguese vainly attempt- ed to recover. On the 17th of February 1739 Bassein was invest- ed by a force under Chimnajee Apps, brother of the Peshwa Bajce Bao. “ The commandant represented with humility that he was willing to pay the Mahratta tribute, and that the Portuguese asked no more than the terms granted to the Seedee of Jinjeera. But he was mistaken in suppOsing that such a tone would avert the attack of a victorious Brahmin. Chimuaje.) was unwilling to relinquish the capture of an important fortress which would secure his conquests, and without which the Portuguese had. a key which opened a passage to the recovery, not only of what they had lost, but to the whole Concan from the Ghauts to the sea, and from Damaun to Bombay ; therefore, although the mandate from his brother was urgent, be determined to secure Bassein. Aware of the risk to which be exposed himself by the chance of discomfiture, during the whole of March and April, he pressed the siege by every possible exertion. Numbers were daily killed in his batteries and trenches, where shells and huge stones, thrown from mortars, did terrible execution. The numerous guns of the besieged were at last silenced, and a breach had been effected in one of the curtains, but it was not yet practicable. The mines of the besiegers were repeatedly counteracted ; at length five were prepared, but so unskilfnlly, ' that the‘ first only partially exploded, and of three mines close together, intended to be fired at once, two only went off. These, however, made a. very large breach, which the Mahratta troops resolutely and promptly mounted, when the remaining mine, having caught fire, blew hundreds of the assailants in the air. The Portuguese flung a quantity of hand grenades amongst the crowds in the rear, whilst they plied those who had ascended, with mus- quetry, and drove them back with much slaughter. The defences were repaired with alaerity, the besiegers returned to the attack, but, before attempting an assault at the former breach, the remain. ing mine under the tower of St. Sebatian, which had been con. structed under the superintendenoe of Mulhar Itao Holkar, was fired : half the bastion was brought to the ground, and the assailants, erocnsrrn' AND msronr. 25 after losing two of their colours, at last effected a. lodgment. The besieged, however, although forty of their number were killed, and upwards of one hundred and thirty wounded at the breach of St. Sebastian, disputed every inch of ground, threw up a retrenchment of gabions, and mounted fresh guns, from which they kept up an incessant fire. At last, worn out by fatigue, and distressed for want of provisions, the sea face being blockaded by Mannajee Angria, they sent offers of capitulation, which were accepted on the 16th of May, and eight days were allowed to embark their private property and families. The Portuguese lost, in killed and wounded, according to the Mahratto account, eight hundred men, whilst Chimnajee Appa acknowledges his own loss at upwards of five thousand, from the commencement to the end of this remarkable siege: the most vigorous ever prosecuted by Mahrattas. The Portuguese only enumerate their loss at the last breach. The capitulation was made by Captain de Souza Pereira, the same ofiicer who before defended Tanna, Silveria de Menezes, the commanding omcer, having been killed during one of the assaults.” But, as Orme said of the Portuguese, “ the sword of their ancient valour had long canker-ed in its spoils." They had, even at the end of the 17th century, ceased to act offensively against the country powers, after an expedition under the Viceroy of Goa had been forced to retreat with loss of artillery and baggage by Sivajee; and the capture of Bassein, therefore, freed Bombay from a com- mercial rival without making the English afraid of what the Mah- rattas might do against them. In 1761 a treaty, much more imperative in tone than that of 1756, was concluded by the English with the Peshwa Madharao, binding the latter to make reparation, or allow the Englih to take it for outrages on country craft carrying the English flag, to give up deserters, to abandon the claim to the full possession of all wrecks on the Mahratta coat, and to cease hostilities against the Seedee of Jinjeera, who had now become the humble ally of the Bombay Government. Afew years afterwards Governor Hornby and Council attempted something much more enterprising than the reduc- 26 IACLEAN’S GUIDE TO BOMBAY. tion of forts and petty states along the sea coast. On the death of Madharao Peshwa, his uncle Raghn- nath Rao or Ragoba usurped the throne, but, being driven from Poona, the capital of the Pesliwas,‘ by a party formed in favour of the succession of a post- humous son of Madharao, he bought the help of the Bombay Government to replace him on the throne by offering to cede to the English, Breach in Guzerat, Jambooseer and Orpad, Bas- sein and all its dependencies, “the whole and entire island of Salsette,” and the islands of Caranja, Kenery, Elephanta, and Hog Island in Bombay harbour. Here at last, it seemed to Mr. Hornby, was the opportunity so long desired, of acquiring for Bombay the dominion of all the neighbouring islands. A Resident had previously been sent by the Court of Directors to Poona to obtain from the Peshwa “ possession of the island of Salsette, the port of Bassein, and the small islands of Kenery, Hog Island, Elephanta, and Caranja. The advantage of these islands was justly considered of great importance, in order to preclude other nations from having access to the spacious and excellent harbour of Bombay, by far the most commodious port in India. It was already celebrated for its dockyard, and was well adapted to become the mart, not only for the supply of the interior of Western India, but the emporium of the trade with China, the coasts of Persia, Arabim and the Red Sea. The occupation of Salsette likewise secured the principal inlet to the Mahratta country, for woollens and other staples of England, which are said to have been at that time supplied, to the amount of fourteen lakhs of rupees annually. The expenses of the Bombay establishment far exceeded the receipts, and it was hoped that by the possession of those places, and the Mahratta share of the revenue of Surat, the balance would be nearly equal." As no progress had been made with these negotiations, a treaty of The First Mnhratts War. ‘ Grant Dufi says Poona became the capital of the Mahrattas in 1750, when the supreme authority of the Peshwa was generally admitted. GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY. 27 alliance with Ragoba was speedily signed, and the English began (1774) the first Mahratta war. Tanua was taken by storm, and the garrison put to the sword, and all Salsette and the smaller islands were occupied. The Governor-General, however, Warren Hastings, disapproved of the Bombay treaty ; and his agent, Colonel Upton, signed at Poorundhur in 1776 a treaty with the Mahratta Government, annulling all engagements with Ragoba, on condition that the English were not disturbed in the possession of Broach (captured in 1772), Salsette, Caranja, Elephanta, and Hog Island. Bassein remained in the hands of the Mahmttas. Disputes soon arose about the execution of this treaty, and in 1778 Governor Hornby made a fresh treaty with Bagoba, stipulating for the ces- sion of Bassein and Kelley as well as the other islands, and promising to assist him with a force of 4,000 men. In all these treaties the exclusion of the French from the Mahratta territories was one of the stipulations; the Peshwa as well as the English Government having been alarmed by Bussy’s successes in the Deccan. Governor Hornby, a sagacions and far-seeing man, has explained his policy towards the Mahrattas in a minute of the 10th of October 1777', quoted by Grant Duff. “ Mahratta afiairs,” he remarks, “ are fast verging to a period which must compel the English nation either to take some active and decisive part inthem, or relinquish for ever all hopes of bettering their own situation in the west of India.” The Bengal Government was now better informed on this subject ; and Warren Hastings, overruling the jealous impatience shown by Mr. Francis and Sir Eyre Coote, of the independent action of Bombay, sanctioned the new treaty with Bagoba, and despatched a force of six battalions of Bengal sepoys under Colonel Goddard across India to take part in the campaign. But the Bombay Government, without waiting for the arrival of this force, formed a separate expedition under Colonel Egerton, an officer Policy of the Government of Bombay. Second Mahratta War. 28 nscnuas’s GUIDE TO BOMBAY. “infirm in heath and totally unacquainted with India,” to place Ragoba in power at Poona. Emma“ and" c°l°n°1 The expedition, consisting of 3,900 Egerton ascend: the Bhore abut men, of whom 591 were Euro- peans and 500 gun lascars, crossed Bombay harbour to Panwell in November 1778, and marched thence with many delays toCampoolee at the foot of the Bhore Ghaut. Ascend- ing the Ghaut, the force reached Khandalla on the 23rd of December, and was formed into three divisions, which “ advanced alternately at the rate of about three quarters of a. mile daily," so that the army tool: eleven days to march from Khandalla to Kai-lee, a distance of eight miles. The Mshrattas, encouraged by this appearance of timidity, drew near and harassed the English advance ; and Colonel Egerton, on reaching Tullygaum, within 20 miles of Poona, found that the enemy’shorse had cut of the communication with Bombay. He and Mr. Carnac (a member of the Bombay Council who had aecompanied the force) then determined to retreat. The heavy guns were thrown into a tank and some stores destroyed, and the armyI under Colonel Coeklmrn, to whom Colonel Egerton, being ill, had yielded the command, fell back to Wurgaum. Here it was attacked by 50,000 Mahrattas, and lost 350 men1 including 15 European oflioers; and, though the enemy was beaten 05, Mr. Carnac and the colonels thought it hopeless to attempt a further re. treat, and commenced negotiations which ended in the disgraceful convention of Wurgaum. By this convention it was agreed that the English should give up Broach and the islands about Bombay, and abandon Ragoba’s cause, on condition of getting a free passage for their troops to Bombay. This was the greatest humiliation ever suffered by the British arms in Western India. One bright feature in the campaign is the conduct of Captain (afterwards Major General) Hartley, who commanded the sepoys of the reserve. Stimulated by his example, these troops resisted the attacks of the enemy so firmly that Madhajee Sindia, Is defeated and concludes the disgracdul convention o! Wurgaum. eroemrnr AND nisroxr. 29 who was leagued 'with the Peshwa, compared the rear guard tos red wall, “ which was no sooner beaten down, than it was instantly built up again." The Bombay Government repudiated the conven- tion, and dismissed Mr. Caruac and Colonels Egertou and Cockburn from the service. General Goddard, who had reached Hoshung- abad when he heard the news, marched straight on to Surat, a dis. tance of 300 miles, through Mahratta territory, with the utmost expedition; and Futteh Sing Gaekwar having been forced to form an offensive and defensive alliance with the English, General God. dard attacked and took by storm the fortified city of Ahmedabad, then held for the Peshwa, and gained some successes Over Scindia’ army in Guzerat. In 1781, the English having, in the previous season, seized Gallian, on the main land of the Concan, General The English and" General Goddard was ordered to besiege Bassein. Goddard besiege and. take “ The European part of his army was Baasem' sent down to Salsette by sea, the bat- tering train was prepared in Bombay, and the sepoys were to march by land. Early in October the whole of the disposable force at Bombay and in the neighbourhood, consisting of five battalions, were placed under the command of Lieutenant-Colonel Hartley, who was instructed to drive out the enemy’s posts, and cover as much of the Concan as possible, so as to enable the agents of the Bombay Government to collect apart of the revenues, and secure the rice harvest, which is gathered at the close of the rains. There is perhaps no part of Mr. Hornby’s minute more expressive of the distress under which that Government laboured, than that where, alluding to the field force they were preparing, he observes, ‘ Our troops will better bear running in arrears when employed on active service, and subsisting in the enemy’s country,‘ for it is a principle with the British Government and its officers in India, than which nothing has more tended to the national success, always to ocusider the peasantry under their strictest protection." Colonel Hartley fought a spirited action and drove the enemy out of the Concau for a time, and then covered with his force the siege of Bassein, 30 MACLEAN’S GUIDE TO BOMBAY. against which place General Goddard hadv opened regular approaches from the north. The Mahrattas, in great force, again invaded the Concan, and attacked the covaring army; but Hartley defeated them with great loss, and Bassein surrendered on the 11th December 1781. The policy of the Governor-General was now to make peace with the Mahrattas in order to detach them from the confederacy Hyder Ali of Mysore was trying to form among all the native powers of India against the English, and to turn the whole English strength against Hyder. General Goddard was accordingly directed to ofier terms to the Court at Poona, while Scindia was vigorously attacked in his own dominions by another division under Colonel Camac. In the hope of bringing negotiations with the Peshwa more quickly to a conclusion, General Goddard advanced with a force of 6,152 men, including 600 Europeans, to the vi]- lage of Campoolee, at the foot of they Bhore Ghaut,where he halted his army, sending an ad- vance guard up the pass to Khandalla. Nana. Furnavese, the celebrated Mahratta minister, who during the minority of the Peshwa directed the Mahratta administration, directed his army, under the command of Hurry Punt and Tookajee Holkar, to march towards Khandalla from Poona, and sent down a strong detachment into the Concan to harass Goddard’s army and obstruct the communications with Bombay. The rugged and diflicult country between Panwell and Campoolee favoured these tactics. “ Although the road was' the best in the country, it was a mere pathway through a tract exceedingly rugged, full of deep ravines and dells, strong jungles on the right and left, and frequently high rocks and precipices within musket shot Goddard advances to the toot of the Bhore Ghaut. on toth sides.” Parties escorting convoys from Bombay only reached Campoolee after fighting desperately the whole way; and as the rainy season was approaching, General Goddard determined to retreat. No sooner did he move than the whole Mahratta. army pours"l down into the Concan, and it was GEOGRAPHY AND nrsronr. 31 only after four days of constant fighting that the army made its way to Panwell. “ On this retreat, which the Mahrattas consider one of their most signal victories, General Goddard’s army sustained a heavy loss of 466 in killed and wounded, of whom 18 were European officers.” The Mahrattas claim to have Is forced to retreat with heavy loss. taken one gun, several tumbrils, and a great part of the baggage ; but their own loss in men and horses was very heavy. The English force encamped at Callian for the monsoon ; and peace made with the Math fighting was not renewed in the fair "M115 by Treaty Of Selbye season. In May 1782 the Treaty of (1782} Salbye was made with the Mahrattas. By this treaty the English at last gained permanent possession of Salsette, Elephanta, Caranja, and Hog Island, but gave back Bassein and all their conquests in Guzerat to the Peshwa, and made over Breach to Scindia. The Mahrattas on their part agreed to become allies of the English against Mysore, and the Peshwa pledged himself to hold no inter- course with Europeans of any other nation. The cause of Ragoba was definitively abandoned by the English, and he became a pensioner of the Peshwa. The treaty was a good stroke of imperial policy, for it set the English free to deal with Hyder Ali separately; but in spite of some brilliant feats of arms performed in Guzerat, the Concan, and Central India, it cannot be said that the reputation of the British arms had been raised by a war in which they had suffered two such reverses as the capitnlation of Wurgaum and the retreat of General Goddard. These disasters were plainly due to the incompetency and want of enterprise of the olficers in command, who systematically overrated the strength of the enemy, though the Mahrattas were always beaten easily when there was any actual fighting. There was safety in aggression, but none in retreat before an enemy quickly elated by any sign of discouragement among their adversaries ; and, had some of the brave young oficers who chafed at Colonel Egerton’s :2 IACLIAN’S GUIDE TO BOMBAY. irresolution been in command at Tullygaum, the British force would have entered Poona as conquerors instead of being sent back in disgrace to Bombay. These campaigns are open, in fact, to the same sort of criticism which Sir Arthur Wellesley wrote thirty years afterwards on Colonel Manson's retreat before Holkar, in a, masterly letter which Sir B. Peel said was the best military letter he had ever read, and which decided Sir Charles Napier, as he stated after the battle of Meanee, “ never to retire before an Indian army." The English outposts were new, a hundred and twenty years after the cession of Bombay, advanced as far “1:15:12: 8:22;?“ advmmd inland as Tanna, a station 20 miles from Bombay on the Great Indian Peninsula Railway, and the Bombay Government could claim the sovereignty of all the group of islands in the estuary from Bassein to Colaba. The Bombay Marine had established its supremacy at sea along the whole Malabar Coast and punished the Malabar pirates; the dis- trict of Bankote had become British territory; and north of Bern. bay, the English had acquired considerable political authority in Guzerat, where the Gaekwar was entirely dependent on them, and had got possession of Surat Castle, on March 4th, 1759, “ with considerable loss of officers and men." It was not, however, till 1800 that the whole military and civil administration and revenues of Surat were transferred to the Company by the Nawab of Surat, who in exchange received a pension. Up to this time Bombay had fought for her own hand ; but her troops were now destined to play a subordinate and not a very dis. tinguished part in the general war undertaken by the Government of India. against Hyder Ali, the ruler of Mysore. As Hyder’s forces had invaded the Carnatic, the Govern. ment of Bombay was directed to make a diversion on the western coast of Malabar. Accordingly, an expe- dition under Colonel Humberstone was despatched down the coast at the end of the year 1781, and took Calicut and Ponany, which it successfully defended against a combined army of French and War with Mysore. onoemrsr AND HISTORY. 38 Mysoreans under Count Lally and Tippoo Sultan (son of Hyder Ali) . Dinah“! Expedition 0‘ In 1782, General. Matthews was sent General Matthews. from Bombay With strong reinforce- ments, and quickly captured all the strong places on the coast of the province of Canara, including Honore, Mangalore, Cundapore, and Carwar. From Cundapore the army ascended the Ghauts and marched on Bednore, the capital of Canara, which capitulated to the British General. Immense plunder was found in Honore and Bednore, and General Matthews was freely accused of having himself appropriated a. great part of the treasure, instead of sending it to Bombay to be distributed as prize-money. The troops became discontented and demoralized, and were in no fit state for hard fighting when in April 1783 Tippoo, who had mean. while, on the death of his father, succeeded to the throne of Mysore, made his appearance near Bednore with an army of 150,000 men. General Matthews could only collect a force of 2,000 men before his communications with the coast were cut off ; and, retiring into the citadel of Bednore, he stood a siege of only a fortnight before capitulating. The terms granted him were that the troops should march out with the honours of war, and, after piling arms, should be allowed to proceed to the coast ; but Tippoo, on the pretext that the General had embezzled and secreted the public money, which he ought to have delivered up, sent the whole force as prisoners to Mysore, where General Matthews and 20 other Bombay officers, after being imprisoned and cruelly treated, were finally put to death by poison. Tippoo pushed on down the Ghauts from Bednore, and besieged _ Mangalore, which was defended by Spirited Defence of Manga— . . lorebyBombayTroops_ a large garrison under Major Camp. bell,who held out for several months with great resolution till peace was made with Mysore at the end of 1783, when Mangalore was given back to Tippool Grant Dutt has the following anecdote of the siege, which is most creditable to the Bombay army :-—“ The Grenadier sepoys, who accompanied Hartley to Ahmedabad, were formed into a separate corps, but on their return; lost their name of the Grena- 3 8‘ ‘ MACLEAN'S GUIDE TO BOMBAY. dier Battalion, and were called the Eighth Battalion; a circum- stance which nearly created a mutiny in the corps. To restore the name to men who remonstrated in a manner so unsoldier- like was deemed improper ; but they afterwards behaved with such extraordinary valour, that their name of Grenadier Battalion was restored in 1783. They distinguished themselves during the arduous campaign in the Concan. For their conduct in the battle of Ponany by the side of the 42nd Regiment they received the highest compli. ment over paidto a sepoy regiment. ‘ The Royal Highlanders,’ says Colonel M’Leod, in his despatch of the 29th of November 1782, ‘evinced the ardonr which always inspires their countrymen in battle. The eighth battalion of sepoys showed themselves equal to any troops in courage, coolness, and discipline.’ They then petitioned, through Colonel M’Leod, to have their name restored: but it was refused. In the following year, however, the eighth battalion formed part of the garrison which maintained the heroic defence of Mangalore, and their name was restored, as the only reward which the sickly, famished men, on their return to Bombay, solicited. They were long fortunate in a succession of excellent commanding officers ; and on every occasion of service the spirit of Stewart and of Hartley has lived in their ranks.” In the second war with Tippoo, when Lord Cornwallis allied him- self with the Mahrattas, the Bombay Government sent two bat. talions of infantry and six guns to co-operate with the Mahratta army, which took Dharwar and advanced into Mysore. At the same time a Bombay column, under General Abercromby, cleared Malabar of Tippoo’s troops and efiect. ed a junction with Lord Cornwallis before Seringapatam, where peace was concluded. Tippoo ceded, with other territory, Malabar, which, being separated from Madras by the Ghauts and the independent country of Mysore, and having easy communication by sea with Bombay, was placed under the rule of the Government of this Presidency. The new province was, however, deplorably mismanaged; and, after the conclusion of the Partition Treaty of Mysore in 1799, when Seringapatam was Conquest of Malabar. osoossrm' AND nis'rour. i 35 taken, Tippoo slain, and his kingdom destroyed, the sea-coast provinces of Canara and Malabar were both incorporated in the Madras Presidency. Bombay only retained for some years the special control of the teak forests, which supplied her dockyard with timber; but her traditional claim to political authority along the Malabar Coat was recognized by the transfer of Canara to her in 1861. In the campaign of 1799 at Bombay column under General Sir John Stuart marched from Gannanore up the Ghauts to co-operate with the grand army under General Han-is, which advanced from Madras. This column consisted of 1,617 Europeans and 6,420 sepoys, the Company’s Bombay Regiment of Europeans, 528 strong, forming with H. M.’s 75th and 77th Regiments the Centre Brigade. General Stuart fought a brilliant action with the flower of Tippoo’s troops, who tried to bar his way at Sedasherc, and reached the camp before Seringapatam in time to take an important part in the operations of the siege. In the final assault of the fortress the storming column included three corps of Grenadier sepoys, taken from the troops of the three Presidencies. The Governor-General of that day, the Marquis Wellesley, always as liberal as his even more famous brother was niggardly of praise, expressed in the warmest terms to Mr. Jonathan Duncan, the Go. vernor of Bombay, his appreciation of the victory of Sedashere, declaring that “ the merits of Generals Stuart and Hartley, as well as of Colonel Montresor and the other officers, have seldom been equalled and never surpassed in India." In reply to an address from the inhabitants of Bombay on the glorious termination of the war, Lord Wellesley wrote :—“The L°rdwene51979nth°°hue distinguished part which the settle- taken by Bombay 1n the final _ campaign against Tippoo' ment of Bombay has borne during the late crisis in the labours and honours of the common cause, has repeatedly claimed my warm approbation, and will ever be remembered by me with gratitude and respect. In your liberal and voluntary contribution towards the exigencies of Services of the Bombay Col- umn against Tippoo in 1799. 36 uAanN’s sum: to noun". your native country, and towards the defence of the Presidency under whose Government you reside, and in the alacrity with which you have given your personal services for the military protection of Bom- bay, I have contemplated with pleasure the same character of pub- lic spirit, resolution, and activity, which has marked the splendid successes of the army of Bombay from the commencement to the close of the late glorious campaign." The voluntary contribution here spoken of was a loan of more than Rs. 300,000 towards prose- cuting the war with France. To this sum Mr. Duncan had contri- buted Rs. 25,000; Lieut.-Gen. Stuart, Rs. 20,000; Major-Gen. James Bivett, Rs. 12,000; Mr. Page (member of Council), Rs. 12,000; and Mr. (afterwards Sir Charles) Forbes, Rs. 8,000. The Presidency had also raised a corps of FenciblesI 1,000 strong, of which Mr. Forbes equipped and paid 50 men. This corps was placed on the fixed establishment of Bombay in 1803, and became the 9th Regiment of Native Infantry. Regiment raised by citizens of Bombay (1799). The main object of the policy of Lord Wellesley, who succeeded Sir John Shore as Governor-General in 1798, was to drive the French out of India.1 To attain this end be compelled the Nizam to accept a British subsidiary force in lieu of a French contingent, crushed Tippoo, and used all his means of persuasion to induce the Peshwa and Scindia to become subsidized allies of the British Government. Nana Furnavese, “ the Mahratta Machiangl' who, for the last quarter 0? the eighteenth century, was the principle political per. sonage at the Court of Poona, always stedtastly opposed the admission of the English into the Deccan ; and even when Madhajee Mahratta afl‘airs. 1 TheFrench were never more nearly getting the control of all India into their own hands than just before Lord Wellesley, fortunately for British interests, arrived at Calcutta. Not only had they successfully intrigued with Tippoo, but a corps of infantry, commanded and officer-ed by Frenchmen, was " the principal instrument and support" of the power of Scindia, who ruled both at Poona and Delhi, as master of the Peshwa and the king, and who had, in the battle of Kurdlah 1795), completely defeated the army of the Nilam and compelled him to cede half his territory. The only force, again, on which thg Nibam could rely, was Raymond's disciplined corps oflicered. by Frenchmen. GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY. 37 Soindia, who with the aid of battalions of regular infantry, discip- lined by French'oflicers, had made himself all-powerful in Hindo- stan, marched to Poona with the design of upsetting the autho- rity of the Brahmins and becoming master of the Deccan, Nana did not ask for the fatal aid of English troops to secure himself in power. Madbajee died at Poona at the moment when his ambition seemed on the point of being fully gratified; and Dowlut Rae Scindia, who succeeded him in 1794, had not the capacity to carry out his plans. The influence of Scindia’s military power remained, however, supreme in the Decca-n. The young Peshwa, Mahdoo Ran, in a fit of despondency at being kept in a state of tutelage by Nana Furnavese, and forbidden to recognize his cousin Bajee Rao—the son of Ragoba, the old friend of the English—threw himself from his palace window and died from the eflects of the fall ; and Bajee Rao, obtaining the support of Scindia, was proclaimed Peshwa, to the temporary discomfiture of Nana Furnavese, who, however, subsequently had the address to reconcile himself with Bajee Rao and Scindia and to regain the office of minister, which he held till his death in 1800. The Governor- General tried to persuade Scindia to return from Poona inorder to defend his dominions in the north-west against the Afghans; but, instead of listening to this advice, Scindia and the Peshwa meditated joining Tippoo against the English, and were only disconcerted by the rapidity and completeness of the English success The weakness of the Peshwa's Government, and the natural dis- inclination of the predatory Mahrattas to abandon the pleasant habit of plundering their neighhours, caused the greatest disorders through. out the Mahratta country, and every petty chief with a band of armed followers made war and raised revenue on his own account. In Poona itself lawless excesses of all kinds were committed; and the Peshwa and Scindia were both at the mercy of a turbulent and rapacicus soldiery. In 1801, a new power appeared on the scene. The Holkar famil had for many years been kept down by Scindia; but Jeshwunt Bao Holkar, the most celebrated of all the Mahratta ree- 38 uscnsm’s sums: TO sons“. booters, succeeded in getting together an army strong both in cavalry and in disciplined infantry and artil- J°°hwum R” H°1kard°r°flm lery. Marching on Poona in 1802 he Boindia at Poona. (1802), and. . . . . we Peshway Badeo Rm, seeks won a complete victory over Somdia in English protection_ a desperately contested battle; and the pnsillanimous Peshwa, who had not appeared on the field, fled first to the fort of Singhnr, and then to Rewadunda on the coast, where he found an English ship to take him to Bassein. This crisis of afl’airs appeared to Lord Wellesley “ to afiord a most favourable opportunity for the complete establishment of the inter- ests of the British power in the Mahratta empire” (Wellesley Despatches). Colonel Close, the Resident at Poona, who had left that city, was ordered to go to Bassein and open negotiations with Bajee Rao, who signed a treaty, on 31st December, 1802, binding himself to accept a subsidiary force of 6,000 men and to assign territory worth £260,000 a year for their pay, to give up his claims on Surat, to accept “Lelilest IndiaCompany‘asgarbitjs in the disputes of the Peshwa with the Gaekwar, to admit no Euro- gggs,intohisservice,.snd not to negotiate with smmé;$5€;é? whatever without giving notice and consulting with the Company’ s Government. In return, the Company undertook to replace him 0 the musnud at Poona, and did so on 13th May 1803. Scindia, whose hope of recovering his ascendancy was now destroyed, immediately formed a league with the Baja. of Berar against the English, and General Wellesley matched with an army from Madras to conduct operations against the Confederates in the Deccan, while General Lake conducted the operations in Hindostan. The war was quickly terminated by the memorable victories of Assaye, Argaum, and Lsswaree. It would be foreign to our plan to speak more at length of events which belong to the general history of India. Mr. Duncan, the Governor of Bombay, had been instructed, at the outbreak of the war, to employ the military force at Bombay for the reduction of the fort and territory of Bmach, and of the possessions of Soindiain Treaty of Bassein, and cam- paign of Assays (1803). eroomrsr we srsrosr. 89 Guzerat, and to the southward of the Nerbudda; and this work was accomplished without much difficulty. The old spirit of jealousy, however, between the Presidencies of Bengal and Bombay, showed itself in Mr. Duncan’s efforts to keep the force in Guzerat under the orders of the Resident at Baroda till commanded by the Governor-General to consider it and all other military detach- ments as under the exclusive direction of Major-General Wellesley. To enable the Government of Bombay to employ the utmost despatch in preparing its troops to take the field, Mr. Duncan was at the same time authorised to convert the corps of Fencibles into a regiment on the regular establishment of Bom- bay. Besides equipping the Guzerat force of 7,000 men under Colonel Murray, Bombay sent a force of 2,000 men under Colonel Colman to serve in the Deccan ; but these troops remained at Poona and other stations to keep open the communications of the army ; and only a detachment of the Bombay Artillery fought at Assaye with the troops General Wellesley had brought from Madras. Upon Bombay devolved the onerous duty of supply. ing the army with stores and money ; and General Wellesley’s complaints are incessant of the stupidity and bad management of the local authorities. In one letter he writes :-—“ The account of the pontoons is just like every other account I receive of a Bombay concern. Only think of those stupid creatures sending off these carriages in the midst of that heavy rain!" Again, he is annoyed at getting medicines instead of iron, and is urgent in his demands for more money and rice. The Dem}; 111 Western India scarcity of provisions was due, how- (1803)- ever, to the severe famine which afflict- ed Western India in 1803 ; and, as for money, the calls on Bombay. were very heavy, and could not be met without help from Bengal. The expenses of the Government of Bombay far exceeded their revenue ; and it appears that Mr. (Sir Charles) Forbes greatly helped Mr. Duncan and General Wellesley in their embarrassment by Bombs-7's share in the War. General Wellesley's opinion of the Bombay Government. 40 IACLIAN'B cums r0 Bonn. advancing large sums of money to the state. The General wrote of Mr. Forbes as a man “ who seeks oppor- tunities to render his private specula- tions, as a merchant, useful to the pubt lic service,” and interested himself in Mr. Forbes’s proposal to pur- chase the Company’s sandalwood at Madras and pay the money into the treasury at Poona. With regard to the Bombay troops, General Wellesley seems to have formed afar from flattering opinion of them. The Bombay army, by this time, consisted of three European (two King’s and one Company’s) and nine GeneralWellesley'e opinion or the Bombay troops. native regiments. The latter, bei recruited from the mans-trim-i Iw here rice is the common food of the pegppei, can not live 0% ; and this was felt to be a serious inconvenience in milit operations l; Mil-d5}? over, the‘tr‘ddp’s were undisciplined and inefficient. Writing in 1805, Sir A. Wellesley said :—“The Bombay battalions which have arrived at Poona are by no means in a state of discipline or efficiency ; and I am concerned to add that the number of men which they lose by desertion in every month is enormous. One of them, which arrived at Poona in July, 1,000 men strong, has not now more than 400." This was after the war, and the battalions referred to were perhaps newly raised. During the campaign of 1803 desertion seems to have been common only among the Bombay followers of the army. All the dhooly-bearers and water-men of the 78th Regiment ran away ; and General Wellesley attributed this distressing desertion “ to the nature of the people, to the ease with which they have it in their power to return to Bombay, and to the fact that, however numerous the desertions, the police of Bombay have not the power of applying a. remedy. I have not,” he added, “ had much experience of the service in this part of indie; but wherever I have seen the BM enamel-’9“ 0‘ Bombay Bombay troops employed, whether in Army followers. _ _ this quarter or on the coast, complaints have always been sent of the desertion of their followers ; and I Loans by Mr. Forbes to the Government for the War. erocasrnv AND HISTORY. 41 believe that, upon a reference to the letters received from ofiicers commanding escorts or detachments in this part of India, since the - military operations began, it will he found that not one has marched and performed the service on which he was sent, without making a complaint of the desertion of his public followers." General Welles- ley, it shouldin fairness be remembered, had been foryears associated with the Madras army ; and he would evidently have liked to secure for the Madras Government the military control of the whole Deccan. He was so impressed with the helplessness of Bombay that he even went so far, in one letter, as to write in 1804, to Colonel Murray, then in Guzerat :——“ The 84th is the only European regiment which ' garrisons Bombay, and I cannot ask Mr. Duncan to send it you. I have long considered our game, as it afiected our situation at Bombay, to be very desperate ; and particularly as we know that the French are strong in European India, and their squadron, when joined with that of the Dutch, not inferior to our own, We ought to beware to weaken that settlement too much.” This view of the situation will not appear too gloomy when it is considered that up to the present day Bombay lies exposed without means of defence to destruction by an enemy’s fleet. Yet the importance of the island as a base of operations, by sea as well as on land, had already, in 1804, marked Bombay out as one of the most valuable possessions of the English in India. General Wellesley himself had paid his first visit to Bombay in 1801, when he called in to refit the ships and obtain supplies for the troops of the expedition despatched from Trincomalee to co-operate with Sir R. Abercromby’s force from England in the invasion of Egypt. To his bitter mortification, the General was super- seded here in the command of the expedition by Sir David Baird. His disappointment probably helped to make him ill ; for he was seized at Bombay with a fever and breaking out all over his body, and had to undergo a course of nitrous baths for acure. This illness decided him not to go to Egypt as secondin command under Sir D. Baird, and he obtained his brother’s (Lord Defenoelessness of Bombay fl lACLEAN’S GUIDE TO BOMBAY. Wellesley’s) permission to return to his government of Mysore- While inBombay on this occasion he superintended the re-equip. ment of the fleet, and his description of the way in which this business was accomplished shows how great were the resources of the Bombay Dockyard :—“ Some of the ships were completely re-fitted, took in ballast, and received three months’ water and provisions for their crews and the troops embarked in them, and sailed in four days after they arrived ; five ships, which have been added to the armament from this port since my arrival, were equipped with six months’ provisions, &c., and the troops em- barked in five days after the requisition was made for them ; and, in short, the whole business has been conducted with regularity and rapidity, and satisfaction to myself and to all the parties concerned." For military operations in the Deccan, again, the nearness of Bombay made the selection of this Presidency to control the force there indispensable, and the Governor-General, therefore, was not content to place Breach and other ceded territory in Guzerat under the Government of Bombay, but ordered that the whole subsidiary force for Poona, consisting of one The expedition to Egypt re~ ntted at Bombay (1801). Bombay supplies Poona Subsidiary Force (1805). . _ regiment of native cavalry, one company of artillery, and six battalions of native infantry, each consisting of 1,000 firelocks and one company of pioneers, should, with the exception of the regiment of cavalry, be sup. plied by Bombay. It is pleasant to find that he who was afterwards to be known as the Duke of Wellington was able, in spite of some little diiferences with Mr. Duncan's Government, to appreciate some of the merits of Bombay. In April 1804, he notes, as its special distinction, that “this island ..f::;”::.;.::§iizfoziy1“m he re“: beam“ the only Place of security in this part of India for pro- perty, and for those who are the objects of the Peshwa’s enmity and vengeance, a circumstance equally honourable to the GEOGRAPHY AND BISTORY. 43 character of the British nation and advantageous to their in- terests, and affording the strongest proof of the confidence which the natives repose in the justice and wisdom of our policy and our laws.” He also, with that keen sense of the military value of good communications which he showed in all his campaigns, gave Bombay greater facilities of access to the Deccan by making the Bhore Ghaut practicable for artillery, and constructed a good road from the top of the Ghaut to Poona. TheBhoreGhautmade pram Mr. Duncan’s causeway, connecting unable for Artillery, and mad Bombay with Salsette, was constructed to Poonamade by order of Ge- about the same time for military, no “1'31 wenesley- doubt, as well as commercial reasons; for the passage across Bombay harbour from Panwell to Bombay is often diificult for sailing boats, which can, however, easily run up the harbour to Tanna in Salsette, whence troops can proceed by land to Bombay. Bombay, on the other band, was not behind-hand in doing honour to the great soldier who first displayed his remarkable military talents in the campaign of Assaye. In the “ Bombay Occurrences for March, 1804,” it is recorded that the Governor's yacht had arrived from Panwell, with Major General the Hon’ble Arthur Wellesley on board, and that, as she approached the harbour, asalute of 15 guns was fired from the Elphinstone Indiaman, the compliment being repeated when the General landed. The whole of the troops in garrison formed a street from the Dock- yard, through which the General passed to the Government House— the building now known as the old Secretariat; in the Fort. Mr. Hen- shaw presented to the General an address adopted at a general meet- ing of —the inhabitants of Bombay, offering their congratulations on “ the happy termination of one of the most decisive, brilliant, and rapid campaigns ever known in the annals of British India," and applauding the results of the General’s mili- tary science and political skill. “ Your victories,” it was added, “ have taken place in our neighbourhood 5 they immediately afiect Bombay’s Address to General Wellesley. “ IACLIAN'S cows 10 sols". our future interests, and are intimately connected with our pre- sent prosperity. They lay the foundations of a peace to us and our successors, which is no longer likely to be inter- rupted by the feuds and combinations of a Mahratta con- federacy. They open to the trade and to the industry of Bombay the resources of an extensive and populous country.” General Wellesley, in his reply, said:—“ In reviewing the conse- quences of our success, it is with unfeigned satisfaction that I perceive the increasing channels of wealth which have been opened to this opulent settlement; and it is peculiarly gratifying to my feelings that I should have been instrumental in renewing the bene- fits of peace to a settlement, from the resources and public spirit of which the detachments under my command have derived the most essential aids during the prosecution of the war."I n the evening Major-General Bellasis, Commandant of Artillery, gave a dinner to the General at the theatre, at which Dinner and Fete at the Bombay Theatre to General were present the Hon. the Governor weneslem and most of the principal characters in the settlement. “ The theatre was handsomely fitted up for the purpose, and displayed an elegant transparency of Gen. Wellesley’s arms, fixed so as to face the com- pany. The utmost conviviality prevailed, and the pleasures of the evening were much enhanced by the introduction of several loyal and appropriate toasts, and a few excellent songs.” An " elegant entertainment” was also given at the theatre, by Colonel Lechmere and the officers of the Fencible regiment, to the General. This theatre, or “playhouse” as it was generally called, stood on the north side of the old Bombay Green, now the Elphinstone Circle, between the Cathedral and the Town Hall. It was pulled down with other buildings in 1863 to clear the ground for the new Elphinstone Circle buildings. Its site is now occupied by Mr. Ardaseer Hormusjee Wadia's office. The difference in manners betwixt 1805 and 1875 is marked by the “ introduction of a few excellent songs" at the dinner table. Such a breach of decorum and dulness at a state dinner would make a modern Govern- oloonrsr AND nisrosr. 45 or’s hair stand on end. The memory of the Duke of Wellington’s connection with Bombay was long cherished here. A house now pulled down, at the foot of Malabar Hill on the Back Bay'side, used to be pointed out as that in which he lived ;and an old lady, who died only four years ago at Colaba, was fond of relating that, in 1803, she danced with General Wellesley, probably at the fete given in the theatre. It is a matter for great regret that this lady burnt before her death memoirs she had kept extending over three-quarters of a century, and affording invaluable material for a domestic history of Bombay during that period. The war of 1803, followed by that with Holkar in 1804-5, made the East India Company masters of all India as far north as the Sutlej. English policy and arms had successively subdued all the native powers, and reduced to mere ciphers those of them that still retained a nominal independence ; and for more than thirty years from this date no formidable enemy arose to contest the Company’s supremacy. Itis noteworthy that even at Assaye, where Scindia had disciplined battalions of infantry and a,numerous and well- served artillery, and where the English loss was heavier than in any previous battle fought in India, all the execution in the English ranks was done by the fire of the artillery, and the Mahratta army broke as soon as the British regiments got within musket-shot. The Extent of Bombay, Pom-b peace of 1805 left Bombay in posses- oal Authority fl‘om the Peace sion of political authority co-exten- °f 1805- sive almost—if we exclude the pro- vince of Scinde—-with that which she now enjoys. She supplied subsidiary forces to the Gaekwar of Baroda and the Peshwa, and garrisoned the Portuguese city of Goa, which the English occupied during the continuance of the French war. On the coast, however, piracies had been renewed not only by Angria, but by Mahratta. cruisers issuing from the ports of Malwan and Vingorla in the little States of Kolhapoor and Sawunt Waree ; while to the north of Bombay no serious attempt had yet been made to harry the nests of pirates sheltered from time imme. mortal in the creeks and islands along the coasts of Guzemt, Cutoh, {6 lucnnn’s GUlDI r0 Bonn. and Kattywar. The western coast of India was spoken of by Ptolemy, the geographer, in the second century, as “ the pirate coast," and Marco Polo, in the 13th century, says :—“ From this kingdom of Malabar, from the kingdom of Tanna, and from another near it called Guzerat, there go forth every year more than a hundred corsair vessels on c'ruize. These pirates take with them their.wives and children, and stay out the whole summer. Their method is to join in fleets of twenty or thirty of these pirate vessels together, and they then form what they call a sea cordon—that is, they drop off till there is an interval of five or six miles between ship and ship, so that they cover something like 100 miles of sea, and no merchant ships can escape them. For when any one corsair sights a vessel a signal is made by fire or smoke, and then the whole of them make for this, and seize the merchants and plunder them. But now the merchants are aware of this, and go so well manned and armed, and with such great ships, that they don’t fear the corsairs. Still mishaps do befal them at times." “ The people of Guzerat," says the same traveller, “ are the most desperate pirates in existence, and one of their atrocious practices is this : when they have taken a merchant vessel they force the merchants to swallow a stuff called tamarind, mixed in sea-water, which produces a violent purging. This is done in case the mer- chants, on seeing their danger, should have swallowed their most valuable stones and pearls, and in this way they secure the whole." The sacred island of Beyt, in the Gulf of Cutch, off the north-west corner of the peninsula of Kattywar, was better known as “ the Pirates' Isle,” and the inhabitants of the Land’s End of the peninsula were noted for their audacity as sea-rovers. The pirates soon gave up attempting to meddle with English vessels, which were too large and strong for them ,1 but they harassed the whole coasting The Pirate Coast. ‘ Niebuhr, a. hundred years ago, brought against the English the scandalous accusation that “ it was their interest to leave the pirates to scour the seas, and hinder other nations from sailingin the same latitudes," and that they were content, therefore, with protecting their own trade. By 1805, however, the English were beyond all fear of commercial rivalry on the part of other Euro- pean nations. GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY. 47 trade, carried on by the small country craft which transport goods into the shallow harbours that abound on the coast, and at the beginning of this century the scandal had become so great that the Bombay Government, when freed in 1805 from other enemies, deter- mined to suppress piracy once for all, from the Indus to Cape Comorin. The States of Kattywar were taken wgigzuogofstmzzy 021:: under British protection in 1807, and (1807_20)_ Colonel \Valker, the Political Agent, in 1809, induced the Rae of Cutch to sign a treaty binding himself to co-operate with the British Government in the suppression of piracy. These arrangements of course led to disorders and insurrections among the turbulent classes of the population; and the final blow was not given to the pirates of Kattywar till 1819, when a British force under Colonel Stanhope escaladed Dwarka and put the whole garrison, who refused to ask for quarter, to the sword. The pirate chief of Beyt then sued for terms, and agreed to surrender the island and live quietly on a pension. Colo'nel Tod ays that “the last of the rover galleys,” which he saw “laid high and dry,” was a “goodly and imposing. looking vessel, having a. lofty poop and beaked rostrum.” In the south, the Bombay Government nego. tiated treaties with Sawnnt Wares and Kolhapoor, by which the full sovereignty of Vingorla and Malwan was ceded to the English, and all vessels found equipped in a warlike manner were given up. Thus an end was put to the perils that had so long beset commerce on the western coast. The Bombay Marine (Indian Navy) which had been employed _ in this work afterwards did excel. 8;? police 0‘ me mama lent service to commerce by extirpating piracy in the Persian Gulf and Red Sea, and making careful surveys of the coasts of those seas and of the Indian Ocean. Bombay may claim the credit, therefore, of having established and kept the police of all the Indian seas. Malwan and. Vingorls oo- anpied (1812). 4B nucnnu’s sums to none“. ._...—-_~_ , iwuvfl.r:‘ _ “...,Mnu WW - ,,_ _ a, 1 No sooner had the Peshwa, Bajee Rao, been restored to power by The Peshwammguesagamst theEnglish, than he began to plot for me English and finally (181.7) their expulsion from the Deccan. Na- attacks the English {one at turally of an intriguing and treacher- P°°lm~ ous disposition, he could in no cir- cumstances have been depended upon as a faithful ally; and it must What the tendency of Lord Wellesley’sm controlling native Princes by means of subsidiary forces was to effect their demoralization and ruin. A prince who is called independent, but who knows that his authority depends on the good will of a Political Resident and a body of foreign troops, must be endowed with rare magnanimity if he does not both oppress his own subjects and chafe under the limitations placed on his sovereign power to make war and conclude treaties with other states. The consciousness that he is protected by a force strong enough to keep him on the throne in spite of all the efiorts of discontented subjects removes the only curb—the dread of rebel- Iion— which restrains an unprincipled despot from gratifying to the utmost the evil passions of cruelty, lust, and covetousness ; while, at the same time, a restored tyrant in nine cases out of ten resents his obligations to the foreigners who have given him back his kingdom, feeling that he is but a puppet in their hands when they keep him from indulging his ambition in warlike enterprises and bid him be content to stay at home and be absolute master of the lives and for. tunes of his own people. The restoration of Bajee Rao undoubtedly had no other result than to prolong for thirteen years the misrule of an immense territory which the English might have conquered and placed under a settled government in 1805. The Peshwa persistently neglected the civil administration of his country, and accumulated wealth by (farming the revenues, scquestrating estates, and exacting forced contributions from wealthy citizens. These oppressions pro. voked insurrections which were easily crushed, and Bajee Itao might have remained Peshwa till his death if he had not had the audacity to quarrel with the English. It will be remembered that, by the terms of the Treaty of Bassein, the British Government became the arbiter nip GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY. 49 between the Peshwa and the Gaekwar on all questions in dispute between these two Princes. Bajee Rao revived old claims on the Gaekwar, and when the Gaekwar’s agent, Gungadhur Shastree, went to Poona in 1815 with the guarantee of the British Government for his personal safety, he was treacherously murdered by Trim- buckjee Danglia, the Peshwa’s infamous minister. Trimbuckjee was given up to the British Resident, Mr. Mountstuart Elphinstone, and imprisoned at Tanna, whence he made his escape in 1816. “The guard over Trimbuckjee had no mixture of sepoys upon it, but was composed entirely of Europeans. From this circumstance, the Peshwa was able to communicate with Trimbuckjee'. The prin- cipal agent of communication was a Mahratta horsekeeper, in the service of an officer of the garrison, who, passing and re-passiug the window of Trimbuckjee’s place of confinement, when airing his mas- ter’s horse, sung the information he wished to convey, in an appa- rently careless manner, which the Europeans, from want of suflicient knowledge of the language, could not detect." Under pretence of going to bathe, Trimbuckjee divested himself of his clothing, went down a. side passage, got out of a low window, and walked quietly through the main gateway of the fort, to where a horse was waiting for him. The Peshwa, rejoiced to have his favourite with him again, acted on his advice to ally himself with the Pindaree freebooters, who had grown powerful on the decay of the native states, and with Scindia, Holkar, and the Rajah of Berar, in a confederacy to overthrow the English. A rumour was spread that an army of Piudarees was approaching Poona. A large part of the British force moved out, and there was left at Poona only one bri- gade of three weak battalions. The Company’s Bombay regiment of Europeans, however, was on its way from Bombay ; and Mr. Elphinstone, suspecting the Peshwa's treacherous intentions, sent orders for it to advance by forced marches. By great exertions1 it reached Poona on 30th October 1817, after the British had passed many anxious days and nights, expecting momentarily the attack of 1 The regiment marched the whole distance from Pauwell to Poona with only one halt. 4 50 lucnssu’s 0mm: 'ro sons“. the Peshwa's troops on the cantonment, the site of which, adjoin- ing the Northern environs of Poona, having been originally selected by General Wellesley for the protection of the city, exposed the troops holding it to be surrounded by an overwhelming force issuing from the city. Grant Duff, the historian, who was with the Resident at this time, is of opinion that Mr. Elphin- stone “ followed the system of confidence, so strongly recom- mended, to a culpable extremity,” in not moving the troops to a better position ; but luckily the Peshwa could not make up his mind to open hostilities before the Europeans arrived. Mr. Elphin- stone then made the troops take Battle °’ mikee' NW' 5' up a new position at Kirkee, the 1817. Flight of the PeBhWB _ and occupauon or Poonm present head-quarters of the Artillery of the Bombay Presidency. The Peshwa still hesitated, and spent several more days in attempts to corrupt the British sepoys. Hearing, however, that Mr. Elphinstone had directed a small force stationed at Seroor to join the brigade at Kirkee, he “determined to delay the attack no longer. His preparations began about seven o’clock on the morning of the 5th ; but in the early part of the day he sent out several messages calculated to lull the Resident’s suspicions ; such as, that his troops were alarmed by hearing that those at Kirkee were under arms; that he was about to perform areligious ceremony at the temple of Parbuttee, and that the troops were drawn out, in honour of the occasion, to form a street as he passed. In the afternoon, when all was in readiness, the whole of his principal offi- cers having assembled at his palace, Wittoojee Gaekwar, a personal servant of the Peshwa, was despatched to Mr. Elphinstone, by Gokla’s advice, to inform him that the assembly of troops at Poona was very offensive to the Peshwa ; to desire him to send away the European regiment, to reduce the native brigade to its usual strength, when it must occupy a position which the Peshwa would point out, and that, if these demands were not complied with, he would withdraw from Poona and never return. Mr. Elphinstone denied the Peshwa’s rightto require the removal of the European GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY. 51 regiment, explained the reason of his having called in the light battalion, and recommended that the Peshwa should send his troops to the frontier as he had promised, in which case all cause of complaint would he removed: there wasa good deal more passed, as the conversation on the part of the messenger was intended to engage as much attention as possible; but he at last withdrew, warning the Resident of the bad consequence of his refusal. In the meantime the Peshwa’s officers at the palace were despatched to their troops; Bajee Rae in person proceeded to the Parbuttee (situated on a hill on the south side of Poona) and Wittoojee Gaekwar had scarcely quitted the residency, when intelligence was brought that the army was moving out on the west side of the city. There was a momentary consultation about defending the residency at the Sungum, but it was instantly abandoned as impracticable, and it was determined to retire to Kirkee, for which purpose the nature of the ground afforded great facility. The river Moola. betwixt the Sungum and the village of Kirkee forms two curves like the letter S inverted. The residency and the village were both on the same side of the river, but at the former there was a ford, and near the latter abridge; so that the party by crossing at the ford had the river between them and the Peshwa’s troops the greater part of the way. From the residency no part of the Mahratta army was visible, excepting bodies of infantry, which were assembling along the tops of the adjoining heights with the intention of cutting 0E the residency from the camp, and having this object in view they did not molest individuals. On ascending one of the eminences on which they were forming, the plain beneath presented at that moment a. most imposing spectacle. This plain, then covered with grain, terminates on the west by a range of small hills, while on the east it is bounded by the city of Poona. Amass of cavalry covered nearly the whole extent of it and the small hills already partially occupied by the infantry, and towards the city endless streams of horsemen were pouring from every avenue. Those only who have witnessed the Bore in the Gulf of Cambay, and have seen in perfection the approach of that roaring 53 uscnus's omen TO some“. tide, can form the exact idea presented to the author at sight of the Peshwa's army. It was towards the afternoon of a very sultry day; there was a dead calm, and no sound was heard, except the rushing, the trampling and neighing of the horses, and the rumbling of the gun wheels. The efi'ect was heightened by seeing the peaceful peasantry flying from their work in the fields, the bollocks breaking from their yokes, the wild antelopes, startled from sleep, bounding 06, and then turning for a moment to gaze on this tremendous inundation, which swept all before it, levelled the hedges and standing corn, and completely overwhelmed every ordinary barrier as it moved. Mr. Elphinstone had personally reconnoitred the ground in front of the village of Kirkee, and ascertained that there was a ford between that village and Dhapooree, which, although diffi- cult, was practicable for six-pounders, three of which, manned by native artillery-men, belonged to the auxiliary force, and was attached to Captain Ford's corps. It had been arranged, in case of an attack, that Captain Ford was to join the brigade under Lieutenant~ Colonel Burr ; and Mr. Elphinstone had been at pains to explain to all concerned the advantage of always acting on the ofiensive against Mahmttas. When the party was fording at the residency a messenger was despatched to warn the troops of the approach of the enemy. Lieutenant-Colonel Burr, the officer in command, wished to have acted on the defensive, but as the message required him to move down and attack the Peshwa’s army, he immediately sent the battalion companies of the 2nd battalion 6th regiment to protect the stores, ammunition, and followers in the village of Kirkee, left his camp standing, and instantly marched down by the high road for about a mile ;—then wheeling to the right, he moved in the direction of Dhapcoree, to facilitate the junction of Captain Ford’s corps, and bring his front parallel to that of the enemy. In a few minutes the expected corps was seen approaching; the Resident’s party had joined, and Colonel Burr advanced to the attack. The Mahrattas, who had sent on their skirmishers, some of whom had already sufiered from the fire of the light infantry. were surprised by this forward movement in troops whom they hail been GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY. 53 encouraged to believe were already spiritless ; and a damp, which had been spreading over the whole army by the accidental breaking of the staff of the Juree Putka, before they left the city, was now much increased. Gokla, with the true spirit of a. soldier, was riding from rank to rank, animating, encouraging, and taunting as he thought most effectual, but the Peshwa’s heart failed him; and after the troops had advanced, he sent a message to Gokla, desiring him ‘ to be sure not to fire the first gun.’ At this moment the British troops were halted, their guns were unlimbering,—it was the pause of preparation and of anxiety on both sides ; but Gokla, observing the messenger from the Peshwa, and suspecting the nature of his errand, instantly commenced the attack / by opening a battery of nine guns, detaching a strong corps of rocket-camels to the right, and pushing forward his cavalry to the right and left. The British troops were soon nearly surrounded by horse; but the Mahratta infantry, owing to this rapid advance, were left consider- ably in the rear, except a regular battalion under-a Portuguese, named DePinto, which had marched by a shorter route, concealed for a time under cover of the enclosures, and were now forming with apparent, steadiness, immediately in front of the 1st battalion 7th Regiment and the grenadiers of the 2nd battalion 6th: no sooner, however, were their red coats and colours exposed to view of the English sepoys, than the latter with one accord pushed forward to close, and in their eagerness got detached from the rest of the line. Gokla, hop ng that they might either be disposed to come over, or that he might be able to take advantage of their impetuosity, prepared a select body of 6,000 horse, which, accompanied by the Juree Putka, and headed by several persons of distinction, had been held in reserve near his left, and were now ordered to charge. The Mahratta guns ceased firing, to let them pass ; and they came down at speed1 in a diagonal direction, across the British front. Giving their fire, and receiving that of the line, they rode right at the 7th. Colonel Burr took his post with the colours of that corps ; it had long been his own battalion ; he had ‘ formed and led’ it for many years: he was then sufiering under a severe and 54 IACLIAN’! GUIDE TO BOMBAY, incurable malady, but he showed his wonted coolness and firmness in this moment of peril. He was the first to perceive the moving mass : he had just time to stop the pursuit of DePinto’s battalion, already routed, and to call to the men, who could not be dressed in line, to reserve their fire, and prove themselves worthy of all hi care. Fortunately, there was a deep slough, of which neither party were aware, immediately in front of the British left. The foremost of the horses rolled over, and many, before they could be pulled up, tumbled over those in front ; the fire, hitherto reserved, was now given with great effect, numbers fell, the confusim became extreme, and the force of the charge was completely checked : a very small proportion came in contact with the bayonets ; a few continued the attack in the rear, but many turned back ; some galloped round the left as if to plunder the camp, but they were driven off by a few shots from two iron guns at Kirkee, and the sepoys had nearly repulsed the attack before a company of Europeans could arrive to their support. This failure completely disconcerted the Mahrattas; they began to drive off their guns ; their infantry retired from the distant position they occupied, and upon the advance of the British line the whole field was cleared. The brigade returned to its position at Kirkee after night-fall, and the light battalion and auxiliary horse joined it next morning. The report of their arrival, and the effect of the forward movement, deterred Gukla from renewing the attack. The Mahrattas in Captain Ford’s battalion deserted, and a part of the newly raised auxiliary horse were, at their own desire, permitted to quit the British camp ; but not one sepoy of the regular service left his colours. The number of the British troops engaged at the afiair of Kirkee, including Captain Ford’s battalion, was 2,800 rank and file, of whom about 800 were Europeans. Their loss was comparatively trifling, amounting only to eighty-sixmen in killed and wounded, fifty of whom were of the sepoys on the left. The Mahratta army consisted of 18,000 horse and 8,000 foot, with 14 guns. (This number is given from the actual returns, and does not include 5,000 horse and 2,000 foot stationed with the Peshwa at Parbuttee, so that Bajee Rae had already cnoomrnr AND HISTORY. 55 collected thirty-three thousand men at Poona.) They sufiered considerably, having lostfive hundred men in killed and wounded; and though the proportion of horses killed on the spot was incon- siderable, a very great number were disabled. Amongst the sufierers was the minister Moro Dixit, who by rather a strange fatality, was mortally wounded by a grape shot, from one of the guns attached to the battalion of his friend Captain Ford. Hostilities were no sooner commenced than the ferocious and vindic- tive character of Baj ee Rao’s previous orders became apparent from the proceedings in every direction, probably before he had time to stop them. The residency was plundered and burnt, and of the Resident’s library and private: apartment not one stone was left upon another; the families and followers of the troops who fell into the hands of the Mahrattas were robbed, beaten, and frequently muti- lated; the gardens were destroyed, the trees were torn from the roots, and the graves were dug up. An engineer officer, on survey, was attacked and killed; two brothers, of the name of Vaughan, one of them a capt in in the Madras army, were taken while travelling between Bombay and Poona, near the village of Tully- gaum, and though they made no resistance, were most barbaroust hanged under the superintendence of a Brahmin named Babjee Punt Gokla (afterwards imprisoned in a wooden cage in the Fort of Singhur).” A great kingdom was never lost in a more inconsiderable action. The Peshwa “sat on the rocky brow” overlooking the plain of Kirkee, and witnessed the dispersion of his army. He counted them at break of day ; And when the sun set, where were they F When General Smith marched on Poona with adivision which had been intended to take part in the war in Central India, but had been halted on the Godavery as soon as it was known that the Peshwa meditated an attack on the sub- sidiary force, the defeated army evacuated the city, which the British occupied on the 15th of November. Among the spoil captured was a Gunputtee, or Ganeshwa, the favourite idol 66 xsousiv’s some 10 BOIBAY. of the Mahrattas, of solid gold, with diamonds for eyes, and covered with jewels. It was valued at £50,000. General Smith pursued and again defeated the Peshwa’s dispiritod troops, captur- ing Sattara and the Raja (the representative of the dynasty of Sivajee). General Pritzler afterwards took many of the forts, while General (Sir Thomas) Munro, who now for the first time got an opportunity of showing that he had talents for war as well as for civil administration, plunged into the South- ern Mahmtta Country from Dharwar with asmall brigade, and, capturing forts and reducing districts on his way, emerged at Sholapore, where he attacked and rented the only organized body of infantry on which the Peshwa might still have relied. A Bom- bty column, under Colonel Prother, consisting of about 1,200 men, overran the Southern Concan, taking Sivajee’s famous fort of Raighur and other strong places. The only action after that of Kirkee which needs particular notice in an account of Bombay, is the heroic defence of the village of Korygaum, on the river Bheema, not far from Poona. Here the 2nd battalion of the lst Regt. N. I., 500 strong, with two six-pounders, manned by 24 Europeans of the Madras Artillery, undera serjeant and lieutenant, and a detachment of irregular cavalry, belonging to the regiment now known as the Poona Horse, found itself on New Year’s day, 1818, while on its march from Seroor to Poona, in presence of a Mshratta army of 25,000 horse, who were speedily reinforced by about 2,000 infantry (chiefly Arabs and Gosaeens). The Mahrattas surrounded and attempted to storm the village, and obtained possession of a strong position inside it, from which they could not be dislodged. The British troops had neither food nor water, and all access to the river was out 0E ,but they fought the whole day, disputing every foot of ground, till at nightfall the enemy evacuated the village. Of the detachment which was under the command of Captain Staunton, 175 men were killed or woufided, including 20 out of the 24 artillery- men. Of the eight European oflicers present three were killed and Action of Korygaum, Jan. 1., 1818. GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY. two wounded. “The Mahrattas,” says Grant Dufi, " lost five or six hundred men, and have the generosity on all occasions to do justice to the heroic defenders of Korygaum.” For their conduct On this occasion “ the 2nd battalion 1st N. I. were made grenadiers, as their 1st battalion had been for the defence of Mangalore, and Mangalore and Ko'rygaum became the animating motto of the regiment.” Bajee Rao, after being hunted about the country for several months, at last, finding his cause _Baje°Ra°giv“hims°u“pt° abandoned by all but his personal smut”) MMOOIm‘Junes'lsm' followers, surrendered himself to Sir John Malcolm, who had always been friendly to him, and who guaranteed him the enormous pension of £80,000 a year, on condition that he renounced for himself and his family all claims to sovereign power. He retired to Bithoor on the Ganges, where he adopted as his heir a child born in the village of Narel, at the foot of Matheran Hill, who afterwards became the infamous Nana Sahib. The Marquis of Hastings, then Governor General of India, had Th D resolved, before Bajee Rao gave him- dethfonga'ng 2111125613? self up, to put an end to the dynasty mom; incorporated m the of the Peshwas, and to annex the Bombay Presidency (1818). greater part of their dominions to the East India Company’s territory. He determined, however, to " reserve a small tract, sufficient for the comfort and dignity of the imprisoned Raja of Sattara, which might serve as a cnunterpoise to the ngd°m °f sum“ "WM" remaining influence of the Brahmins, ed, but annexed by British . . . Governmentmlew. conciliate the Mahratta nation, and leave an opening for the employment of many persons in their own way, whom it would have been expensive to subsist, and who could not obtain a livelihood under the English administration.” This policy had probably been sug- gested by Mr. Elphinstone, who was now appointed sole Com- missioner for the settlement of the conquered territory, and who had the Raja. formally proclaimed as sovereign of the The terms. 58 lscusu‘s cums T0 sons“. Kingdom of Sattam. It had been a favourite idea of Mad- hajee Scindia’s to restore the descendant of Sivajee to a position in which he might be made use of to check the pretensions of the Brahmins at Poona; and perhaps a native chief of capacity and resolution might have fairly hoped to carry out such a design successfully. But it was the height of simplicity to expect that a. mere nominee of the British Government would have the political weight to warrant him in engaging single.handed in a conflict with the Brahmins. The dynasty of Sivajee had from the first prepared the way for Brahmin ascendancy; and to expect the restored Raja of Sattara to be more independent than Sivajee hims elf had been, was scarcely reasonable. Such experiments in the art of putting new wine into old bottles are, in the nature of things; bound to fail. As in the similar case of Mysore, the restored dynasty of Sattara. was found to be powerless for good, though it could plot mischief against its protectors. The restored Raja, Pertaub Singh, was deposed in 1839 for engaging in aseditious correspondence; and his brother, who succeeded him, having died without issue in 1348, Lord Dalhousie decreed that the kingdom had lapsed to the British Government as the Paramount Power in India, and Sattara became one of the regulation districts of the Bombay Presidency. Khandesh, which had been laid waste and almost depopulated by ' the raids of Holkar and the Pindha- rees, was acquired at the peace of 1818, when Holkar made over all his rights of sovereignty in the province to the British Government. Most of the districts in the Concan as well as the Deccan were comprised in the Peshwa's dominions, and therefore became British territory in 1818. There remained three independent Mahrattaprinci- palities, those of Kolhapoor, Sawunt Waree, and Angria's Colaba. Kolhapoor is the inheritance of the younger branch of the house of Sivajee. “In the war with the Peshwa in 1817, Aba Saheb, the reigning Rajah, cordially sided with the British Government, Khandesh acquired (1818). Kolhapoor. GEOGRAPHY AND HISTOIY. 59 and in reward for his services received certain addi- tions to his dominions. The successor of this Prince, Bawa Saheb, proved so profligate and oppressive a ruler, that armed interference was on more than one occasion found necessary. And after his death, in 1838, the misrule during the minority of his son was so great, that the British Govern- ment interfered and appointed a minister of its own. A rebellion followed, and upon its suppression the direct administration of the state was, in 1842, assumed by the British Government. Afiairs remained in this state till, 1862, in reward for the loyalty shown by the Rajah, Sivajee during the mutinies of 1857, a fresh treaty was concluded, under the terms of which his kingdom was restored to the Rajah and the right of adoption conceded to him. On his death, in 1866, Sivajee was succeeded by his adopted son Rajaram, a minor. The untimely death of this prince in 1870 necessitated a fresh adop- tion ; and during the minority of the present Rajah, Sivajee, a boy of eleven years of age, the principality continues to be administered by an agent of the British Government.” The Sawunt Waree State is an old possession of a branch of the family of Bhonslay, to which Siva- jee belonged. The Bombay Govern. ment sent a force into this state in 1820, to obtain redress for depredations committed on British territory. The Chief was then taken under British protection, but in 1838, after several insurrections had been suppressed, he resigned an authority which he did not know how to use, and left the British agent to administer the country for the present chief, who is still a minor. Sawunt Waree. The territory which remained in the hands of Angria's family, lapsed to the British Government in 1841, when Raghojee Angria died without heirs. This case of "lapse" excited much discussion, as With it began what it is now the fashion to call “ the era of annexe. tion.” Lord Auckland, the Governor General, was vehemently Angria’s Colaba annexed. 60 lucnmn’s GUlDE r0 some“. attacked at the time by Mr. H. St. George Tucker and other civil- ians, for not allowing Raghojee’s widow to adopt a son; but the principality was annexed, and now forms the Sub-district of Alibag. We have now traced the political history of Bombay from the time when it was an isolated and struggling little settlement onabarren island off the western coast of India till it had absorbed the whole Mahratta empire, with the exception of the conquests made by the Mahrattas in Central India. The fortunes of Bombay were so closely interwoven with those of the Mahrattas, that it was necessary to go more into detail than may perhaps be considered legitimate in an historical account of the island of Bombay. About the very time that the English acquired Bombay, Sivajee had wrested the Concan from the Mahommedans and established his capital at Raighur (16641), and it would have then seemed ridiculous to prophesy that the strangers who could barely keep their foothold on the shore of India would end by subduing both Mussulman and Mahratta. For nearly a century the rapid progress of the Mahratta power left the English far behind;and we have seen that the East India Company found it to their interest to coneiliate a nation whose military aptitude had in a brief space made them masters of the greater part of India, and who were disagreeany active as freebooters at sea as well as on land. Sivajee, the founder of the Mahratta empire, showed unquestionable genius in organizing an army and a civil administration; but it soon appeared that the Mahrattas could overrun, plunder, and destroy decaying states, but could not found a lasting dominion of their own. Their oonfederacy quickly degenerated into a congeries of states ruled by intriguing princes who were animated no doubt by a com- mon hatred of the foreigner, but whose mutual jealousy made them weaken one another by incessant warfare till, even when combined, they could efiect nothing against troops Review of progress made by Bombay since 1662. The English and the Mahrattas. osoensrar AND HISTORY. 61 animated by a common sentiment of patriotic ambition and trained to war under a severe discipline. Several of the Mahratta princes tried to fight the English with their own weapons by organizing battalions of regular infantry, against the opinion of some of the wisest Mahratta statesmen, who declared that the strength of the nation lay in irregular cavalry suited to desultory warfare. 1 But, where there is no civil discipline in a state, military discipline either cannot be maintained, or it encourages mercenaries to possess themselves of political power. The dynasty of the Peshwas only existed for seventy years, and its decay was so rapid that, if the English had not dethroned Bajee Rao, the Arab mercenaries whom the Mahrattas had hired to fight for them would soon have founded kingdoms of their own in India. So extreme was the misrule—justice being denied to everyone who could not use force to obtain it, while cultivators and citizens alike were ground down to the dust by ever-increasing taxation—that only the court favourites and military chiefs and adventurers regretted the change of govern- ment. Even the soldiers’ pay was in arrears, and many of Bajee Rae’s troops entered the service of the British Govern- ment within thirty-six hours after the proclamation of the Peshwa’s dethronement. But while the rise of the English power must be ascribed in some degree to the radical incapa- city of Hindoos to do any work which they undertake thoroughly and completely, and to the more systematic and strenuous character of Western civilization, it should never be forgotten that the conquest of India is really the fruit of the incomparable fighting qualities of the British soldier. After all is said about statesmanship and culture, it remains true, as Bulwer Lytton put it, that 10,000 English soldiers, not one of whom perhaps could repeat a line from 1 This opinion was shared by the Duke of Wellington, who wrote, in 1803, “ I think it is much to be doubted if the power of the Mahratta nation would not have been more formidable, at least to the British Government, if they had never had a European, or an infantry soldier, in their service, and had carried on their operations, in the manner of the original Mahrattas, only by means of cavalry. I have no d ubt whatever that the military spirit of the nation has been destroy- ed by their establishment of inf..ntry and artillery,—possib1y, indeed, by other causes. 62 IACLEAN's cum: 'ro BOMBAY. any English author, might overturn the empire of China today as they overturned the empires of Mogul and Mahmtta. 1 Since 1820 Aden and Scinde have been added to the territories subject to the Government of Bombay. The following brief accounts of these latest acquisitions are taken from the Bombay Administration Report for 1872-73 : - "‘ The first political intercourse with the Arab chiefs of Aden took place in 1799, when the detachment sent with the view of occupying the island of Periin was, for some time, received at Aden by the Sultan of Lahej. Relations with this chief continued friend- ly till, in 1837, the plunder, by the Arabs, of a shipwrecked crew called for satisfacti n; and, as the demands of Government were evaded, Aden was bombarded and taken in 1839. His attempts to regain possession proving unsuccessf 11], the Sultan of Lahej in 1843 sued for peace. An agreement was then drawn up, and afterwards, in 18119, renewed in the form of a treaty of peace, friendship, and commerce. Of late years the progress of Turkish power in Aden. ‘ “ The Enslish soldiers are the main foundation of the British power in Asia. They are a body with habits, manners, and qua ities, peculiar to them in the East Indies. Bravery is the characteristic of the British army in all quarters of the world ; but no other quarter has afforded such- striking examples of the existence of this quality in the soldiers as the East Indies. An insta ieof theirmisbehavior in the field has never been kl ow“; and particulary those, who have been for some time in that country, cannot be ordered upon any service, however dangerous or arduous, that they will not eifect, not on ly with bravery, but a degree of skill not often witnessed in persons of their description in other parts of the world. I attribute these gualitiei, which are peculiar to them i - the East Indies, to the distinctness 0 their class in that country from all others existingin it. They feel that they are a distinct and superior class to the rest of the world which surrounds them; and their acti Ins correspond with their hi.h notions of their own superiority. Add to these qua ities that their bodies are inured to climate, hardship, and fatigue, h long residence, habit, and exercise, to such a degree, thatI have seen them or years to ether in the field without suffering any material sickness; that Ihave made them march 60 miles in 30 hours, and afterwards engage the enemy; and it will not be surprising that they should be respected, as they are, throughout India. Their weaknesses and vices, however repugnant to the feelings and prejudices of the natives, are passed over in the contemplation of their excellent qualities as soldiers, of which no nati n has hitherto given such extraordinary instances. These qualities are the foundation of the British strength in Asia, and of that opinion by which it is generally suppwsed that the British empire has been gained and upheld. These qualities show in what manner nations, consisting of millions, are governed by 30,000 strangers.” Memorandum by Duke of Welling- ton, dated 1805. (Wellington Despatchea, Vol. II.) (:20anqu AND HISTORY. 63 Southern Arabia has caused some uneasiness among the chiefs in the neighbourhood of Aden, but their relations with the British Government continue on the most friendly footing.” “ The Government of the province of Scinde was, shortly after the commencement of the present century, assumed by four brothers, members of the Talpoor family, who, with the title of Ameers, held the country under a military despotism. The progress of British power in Northern India was accompanied by certain complications with the Government of Scinde, and con- siderable ill-feeling was created between the British Government and the Ameers. But while the questions in dispute were stillunder negotiation, peace was broken by an attack of the AJneers' troops on the dwelling of Major Outram, the British representative Recourse to arms could no longer be avoided,and after a brief, though well. contested, campaign the province was, in 1843, conquered by Sir C. Napier, and became part of the British Empire,” Scinde. Although Bombay provides the garrison of Aden, the direct political management is now in the Resm°fi°n of thfa_B°mb9‘y hands of the Secretary of State for GOYIMSDVB Pammal Am India in Council and the Viceroy thority. of India. The same remark applies to the province of Scinde, which was placed under Bombay, in the first instance, on account of the convenience of access to Kurrachee by sea from this port, but which politically is closely connected with the Punjab and will probably be united with that province when the Indus Valley Railway is com- pleted. The whole of the independent political jurisdiction which Bombay formerly exercised over the Arab states of the Persian Gulf and Zanzibar, has, in like manner, since the electric telegraph made centralisation easy, been transferred to the Government of India ; and during the present year (1875) the control of the great native State of Baroda in Guzerat has been taken from the Govern- ment of Bombay and entrusted to an agent of the Viceroy. 64 uAcLsAs’s cums m roman. The Bombay army and marine may be said during the last fifty years to have been engaged only in ‘:::::;:’:f;zifggg_my foreign wars. The Marine captured Aden, and did good service in the China war of 1841-42, the second Burmese war (1852), and the Persian war of 1856-57, the great event of which last war was the successful bombardment by the ships of the Indian Navy under Captain Young, GB. The army supplied the native regiments, the 1st Grenadiers, the 12th N. I., the 25th N. I., the Scinde Horse, and the Poona Horse, which fought under Sir Charles Napier at Meeanee. A Bombay column advanced through the Bolan Pass to Candabar and Ghuznee and to Kelat in 1838, and participated in the glories without incurring any of the disgrace of the Afghan war. At the successful siege of Mooltan, in 1848-49, the Company’s 1st Bombay Fuzilierl, familiarly known as the “ Old Toughs,” and now H. M]! 108111 Regiment, particularly distinguished themselves. A Bombay general, the brave and chivalrous Outram, commanded the Persian Expedition of 1856, and the native cavalry and infantry of the force were almost wholly supplied by Bombay. The Bombay sepoy, notwithstanding the unfavourable opinion the Duke of Wellington had of him, has always been remark- able for his readiness to serve abroad, in China or elsewhere ;‘ and the Marine Battalion, in particular, has distinguished itself in many engagements both at sea and on land, from Aden and Magdala to Rangoon and Canton. The army generally remained faith. ful in 1857, but it was found necessary to disband two regiments of native infantry, and by the order of Lord Elphinstone a native officer of the Marine Battalion and a private of the 10th N. 1., whom the Commissioner of Police, Mr. Forjett, detected plot- ting treason, were blown away from guns on the Esplanade. The whole Mahratta country was in a state of great excite- 1857 in Bombay. 1 Sir William Na ier, echoing of course his brother‘s words, speaks of “ the swarth seprs o Bombay" as "small men and generally of low caste, but hardy, rave, and willing ; as good in fire, and more docile out of it. than the soldiers of the higher castes, havmg fewer preJudices, and less pride." GEOGRAPHY AND uisroar. 65 went during 1857-58; and, if any rebol force had succeeded in crossing the Nerbudda and penetrating into the Deccan, no doubt many malcontents would have joined them. But this danger was averted, and the Government of Bombay could adord to denude this city of European troops and to despatch from Poona the Central India Field Force under Sir Hugh Rose (Lord Strath- nairn), which in a brilliant campaign marched across India to Agra, defeating the rebels in five battles, and capturing the strong forts of Jhansie and Gwalior, and more than 100 guns. Of late years, the most important military service Bombay has rendered has been in the equipment of the expedition that invaded Abyssinia. Mr. Mountstuart Elphinstone was appointed Governor of Bombay on the 1st of November 1819; and B°mbay fl?” capital Man from that date the city may be Western India. _ regarded as the capital of a vast and really imperial domain in which the highest administrative genius was required to repair the damages caused by centuries of desul- tory warfare. Fortunately for Bombay, sho foundagood man in Mr. Elphinstone. This statesman put his whole mind to improving the condition of the country by creating new facilities for trade, making the land tax, the chief source of revenue, moderate and uniform, and educating the people. esxggheizgzgfjloflflig: Writing at Bombay in 1.825, Bishop nation OfBombay(182°_27)_ Huber says :——“ On this side of India there is really more zeal and liberality displayed in the improvement of the country, the construction of roads and public buildings, the conciliation of the natives and their education, than I have yet seen in Bengal." And again :-—“ His policy, so far as India is concerned, appeared to me peculiarly wise and liberal, and he is evidently attached to, and thinks well of, the country and its in. habitants. His public measures, in their general tendency, evince a steady wish to improve their present condition. No Government in India pays‘ so much attention to schools and 5 66 IACIEAN’S cums T0 BOMBAY. public institutions for education. In none are the taxes lighter, and in the administration of justice to the natives in their own 1angun_,;-.~s, in the establishment of punchayets, in the degree in which he employs the natives in official situa- tions, and the countenance and familiarity he extends to all the natives of rank who approach him, he seems to have reduced to practice almost all the reforms which had struck me as most required in the system of government pursued in those pro- vinces of our Eastern empire which I had previously visited.” To show the march of improvement as regards the opening of communi- cations between Bombay and the interior of the country, let us note what was the Bishop’s experience in travelling from Bombay to Poona. Up to within the last twenty years the starting-point for the land journey to Poona was Panwcll on the opposite side of Bambay harbour, about four hours’ sail from Bom- bay. A glance at the map of India will show that this route forms the chord of the are now described by the railway from Bombay to the foot of the great Bhore Ghaut, the principal pass by which travellers ascend the western or Syhadree range of mountains, which, at a distance of 30 to 60 miles from the coast, form a great wall supporting at a height of 2,000 feet the tableland of the Deccan and dividing it from the Concan or low country. From Panwell to Campoolee at the foot of the Ghaut is only 30 miles, while by the circuitous route the railway takes through Salsette and past Callian, the distance from Bombay is more than 60 miles. The project has, in fact, recently been revived of constructing a short branch of the railway from Panwell to Campoolee, and so enabling ships to load and discharge cargo on the other side of the harbour. Bishop Heber found the river of Panwell much choked with rocks, and landed into small canoe at a “ pretty good stone pier, beyond which we found a small-sized country town, with a pagoda, a handsome tomb of a Mussulman saint, and a pretty quiet view of surrounding hills and woods.” There were two taverns, one kept by aPortuguese, the other by a Parseo. The latter served up at A Journey from Bombay to Poona fifty years ago. GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY. short notice a dinner “ at least as well got up, as cleanly, and as good, as could have been expected at a country inn in England." The Bishop was carried in a palanquin twelve miles to Chowkee, whence, “ after some delay and difficulty in fording rivers" (the ' journey was made during the rainy season), he went on to Campoolee, “ a pretty village, with a fine tank and temple of Mahadeo, built by the celebrated Mahratta minister Nana Furnavese.” It was a four hours’ stage from Chowkee to Campoolee. ‘ The road all the way was excellent"--the lesson learnt during Goddard’s campaign in this part of the country having been taken to heart— “ made at a great expense, more than sufficiently wide, and well raised above the low swampy level of the Concan. From Campoolee, though it was still raining, I walked up the Bhore Ghaut, 4% miles, to Khandalla, the road still broad and good but in ascent very steep, so much so, indeed, that a loaded carriage, or even a palanquin with anybody in it, can with great diflioulty be forced along it. In fact, every one walks or rides up the hills, and all merchandize is conveyed on bullocks or horses. The ascent might, I think, have been rendered by an able engineer much more easy. But to have carried a road over these bills at all, considering how short a time they have been in our power, is highly creditable to the Bombay Government.” This road was made by Mr. Elphinstone’s orders, what General Wellesley had done here in 1803 having been designedly undone by the Peshwa. Colonel Fitzclarence, who travelled overland with despatches from the Governor General in 1818, mentions that, when he reached Khan- dalla, “ the post at the top was entrenched, a large working party being at this time employed to make the road passable for guns. The road has been maie well about half-way down, but is even now very steep.” Sir John Malcolm, Mr. Elphinstone’s successor, quIMalcoLm open“ curb considered it the,noblest achievement “a mu, up the Ghmtusaoy of his three years rule in Bombay that he finished the work of making a, good road up the Ghaut. “ On the 10th of November, 1830," he wrote, “ I opened the Bhore Ghaut, which, though not quite completed, The Bhore Ghaut Road. GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY. 69 “ in bad architectural taste, and made still uglier, externally, by being covered with dingy b'ue-wash picked out with white." On the return journeytoBombay, the Bishop and Dr. Barnes left Poona in pa anquins, “except that I rode through the city, and fora few miles on our road till the sun grew too hot. We passed the river by adeep ford immediately beyond the town, we ourselves'in a boat, and the horses swam over.” They slept at Khandalla, where it rained incessantly, and where the Bishop, “ while passing through a low doorway, felt something unusual on my shoulder, and on turning my face round saw the head of a snake pointed towards my cheek. I shook him 01?, and he was killed by a servant. I rode down the Ghauts, the scenery of which I thought even more beautiful than I did when I ascended. The foliage struck me more, and I was particularly pleased with a species of palm resembling the sage-tree, whose branches have at some distance some- thing of the air of a weeping-willow; but it has alsoa splendid ornament in a pendent cluster of what I suppose to be seed- vessels, hanging like an enormous ear of corn, among the boughs. All the torrents, most of which had been dry when I passed before, were new full, and every chasm in the steep side of the mountains offered the prospect of a cascade. I saw ten at one view." On reaching Pauwell, the Bishop found the tide would not serve for a boat to Bombay, and he hadastormy passage, and get wet through and through, in making for Tanna. Such were the inconveniences of travelling in Western India in 1825, even on the best made road in the country. A journey to Poona (100 miles) thirty years afterwards, still occupied at the least twenty-four hours, and cost £6. Western India took the lead in introducing railways into this The Great Indian Peninsula country. The Great Indian Peninsula Railway Line to Tanna open- Railway, to which Sir B. Frere ofiered “1 (April 1858)- the motto Pm'mus in Ind/is, was project- ed in 1844. The first turf was turned by Mr. Willoughby at Bombay in 1850, and the first 20 miles to Tanna were opened in 1853, when Lord Elphinstone was Governor. From Oallian, 70 IACLEAN'S cums r0 sons“. 38 miles from Bombay, the line divides itself into two branches, one of which, extending towards the south-east, ascends to the Deccan by the Bhore Ghaut incline, and, passing through Poona and Sholapore, is now completed by a junction with the Madras Railway as far as Madras; while the other, or north-eastern branch, reaches the Deccan by the Thull Ghaut incline, and is carried as far as Jubbulpore, whence the East Indian Railway takes the traveller on to Allahabad and Calcutta. The Bhore and Thull Ghaut inclines, both splendid specimens of engineering skill, were opened, the former in 1863, and the latter in 1865 ; through communication with Calcutta was established in 1870, and with Madras in 1871. The Nagpore section of the north-eastern line, which brings the Central Provinces into close connexion with Bombay, was opened in sections from 1863, and completed to Nagpore on 20th Fabruary 1867, and the Hyderabad (Deccan) branch, on the south-eastern line, in October 1874. A branch from Khundwa to Indore is now under construction and will soon be completed. Altogether, the Great Indian Peninsula Railway has now 1,286 miles of line open. Communications in Guzerat used to be worse than in the Concan and Deccan, for there were no made roads at all in that province. This did not so much matter in the fair season, when the whole country, which is level and free from stones, and in which the rivers are easily fordable, except during the rains, might be regarded as one road, and when, besides, the communication by sea was open ; but for three or four months every year the inhabitants of Guzerat were denied all means of access to Bombay, and many alnckless European in Kattywar or at Ahmedabad or Baroda has died of sickness that might have been easily cured if he had been able, in the rainy season, to get away to another climate. The Bombay and Baroda Railway has changed all that. The first section of this line, from Amrolee to Unclesnr, was opened in 1860; the section from Breach to Baroda in 1861; the section thence to Ahmedabad in 1863; and in 18641 the line, which the Company had been The Bombay, Baroda and Central India Railway. GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY. 71 forced by the Government to begin work upon at a distance from its base of operations, was completed southwards as far as Bombay. The line now extends to b;yond Ahmedabad, a distance of 430 miles, and some day or other it is to be continued through Rajpootana to Ajmere, whence there is already a narrow-gauge rail. way open to Agra and Delhi. The extension of this line from Ahmedabad to Ajmere, 300 miles of easy country, has been frequently recommended by the Government of Bombay and by the representatives of the mercantile community of Western India. It would be by much the shortest line to the port of Bombay for a population of at least twenty millions in Central and Northern India, and it would be the most direct also for communication between the northern frontier and the port which, in the event of war, must be the basis for military operations by the British power. Such considerations alone would in any other country, not absolutely bankrupt or without money, have insured the early construction of the line; but the Government of India, legislating from Simla or Calcutta, seems till lately to have forgotten that Bombay is a port and the most valuable port of the empire. From the north of Ahmedabad a line to Scinde has also been projected. For purposes of administration such a line would be of much value to Government, and in time to come it may form part of a real overland route to England. The Bombay and Baroda line has probably had as serious difficulties of construction to contend against as the G. I. P. Rail- way, for it crosses many broad rivers on costly bridges. It has, too, the disadvantage of running parallel to and within a short distance of the sea coast, so that it is exposed to the competi- tion of cheap sea-carriage. But on the other hand, it runs for at least half its distance through the cotton country of Guzerat, containing the most fertile and thickly populated districts in Western India ; and it enjoys, therefore, a profitable local traflic such as the other line, running for the most part through a poor country, can never hope to acquire. All classes of the natives, how- ever, appreciate justly the great boon of railway travelling, and the dismal prophecies of men who foretold that no native of good 72 ILCLEAN’B GUIDE TO BOMBAY. caste would ever defile himself by entering a railway carriage, have been agreeably refuted by experience. Bombay is now, therefore, the central terminus of a series of arterial railways radiating in various directions across the continent of India ; and the improvement of her communications by sea has kept pace with the progress on land, for from this port regular lines of steamers now traverse the seas to all parts of Europe and the East. The principal line is, of course, the weekly mail service between Bombay and England by what is known as the overland route. It is the custom to speak of the route through Egypt as if it had been forgotten or neglected for centuries till Waghorn re-discovered it forty years ago. But while the commercial superiority of the route round the Cape of Good Hope for ships carrying cargo was incontestable till the opening of the Suez Canal allowed goods to be carried through Egypt without transhipment from Liverpool or London to Bombay, the English in India at an early period turned their attention to the desirability of opening speedy communication with England by way of Egypt or Turkey in Asia. Carsten Niebuhr, who visited Bombay in 1763, coming down from Mocha in an Arab ship, with the aid of the monsoon, in nineteen days, gives a. very interesting account of the enterprise of the English in _ _ opening the Red Sea route. At .5.1“i§5£:.?§2.?y M we be we Joyed the pnvrlege of paymg lower duties than any other nation. “Since the extension of i' I their conquests in India they have engrossed almost the whole of the trade of the Red Sea; so that, few ships from other nations now resorting to J edda, the customs of that city have considerably declined. The Turks and Arabs, not daring to raise those duties, inviolation of the tenour of their treaties with the English, con- trived to make the purchaser of goods imported by ships from Bombay pay a second duty. This falling ultimately upon the English merchants, the Company complained, but could get no Communications by Sea. The Overland Route. I ,1 45., I . GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY. 73 redress. They then threatened to forsake the harbour of Jedda, and to send their ships straight to Suez. The Turks and Arabs, considering the navigation of the Arabian Gulf as the most dan- gerous in the world, paid no attention to these menaces. At Last, Mr. Holford, an able seaman, determined to accomplish them. To this end, it was necessary to obtain the consent of the regency of Cairo and assurance of good treatment at Suez. Ali Bey, who was then master of Egypt, giving himself no concern about the interest of the Pacha of Jedda, or the Sheriff of Mecca, ofiered the English the most advantageous conditions; hoping to derive great profit from the English trade running in this new channel. Since Mr. Holford, in 1773, made a successful voyage up the Arabic Gulf, and conducted the first English ships straight first voyage ofEngnshsmps to Sue-Z, several vessels have every fromBombaystrajght to Suez year sailed from India for this port. (1773)_ In 1776 five of those English ships entered the harbour of Suez. The passage has been found so short and convenient that the regency of Bombay now send their couriers by the way of Suez to England. In this way, they receive answers to their despatches, within the same length of time (five months) which was formerly consumed in the conveyance of their packets to London.” 'l he East India Company, however, did not encourage this diversion of trade from the route round the Cape, as they found it made lndian merchandise alarmingly cheap in the Levant 1 ; and the Overland Courier service was embarrassed by the instability of the Egyptian Overland Communication Government. Overland despatches during the French war. were, however, sent regular‘y through Egypt during the French war, the time occupied in the transit being about three months; and the more intimate knowledge the English gained of this route through the expeditions to Egypt, and the rise of Mehemet Ali, who 1 They even had the selfishness to get a clause inserted in their charter of 1793, providing that “ no person shall send East India goods to Europe by way of Suez in Egypt.” 74- IACLEAN’S GUIDE ro nous“. gave that country, for the first time for centuries, a stable govern. ment, prepared the way for the great change which, with the aid of steam navigation, has since been accomplished. In 1818, Colonel Fitzclarence, with despatches from the Governor-General announc- ing the peace with Scindia, embarked at Bombay in the Mercury, a Bombay Marine ship of 180 tons burden, on the 9th of February, and did not land at Cosseir, on the Red Sea, till the 26th of March. From Cosseir he struck across to the Nile, and travelled down the river to Cairo and Alexandria, the country being every- where perfectly quiet. This was, however, too fatiguing a journey to be undertaken by ordinary travellers ; and we believe that Mr. (Sir Bartle) Frere was the first Anglo-Indian civilian who came out through Egypt to take up his appointment in this country. Mr. Frere joined the service in 1833. He came down the Red Sea and across the Indian Ocean in an Arab dhow, and when he landed in Bombay he was so damaged in appearance by the voyage that he was at first looked upon as an impostor. So early, however, as 1830 aproject had been started for regular communication with Eng- land by steamers navigating the Red Sea and the Mediterranean.‘ Sir John Malcolm wrote on April 30, 1830 :— “ I do hope this steam navigation will be pushed through. It will make a revolution in many things to great advantage. Though I cannot understand that a scheme upon the scale Mr. T proposes will answer at present, one of a more moderate nature could not fail ; and I must think that individual enterprise will do more in such a case than Government ever can. But should the jealousy of your Post Office in England regarding the Mediterranean, or the desire to keep the Red Sea navigation under our own control, lay a cold hand upon the projects of individuals, let us be supported in our efiorts to maintain this inlercourse in an efficient manner.” The Bombay government, however, apparently did not agree with its chief as Sir John Malcolm on Steam Navigation in the Red Sea and Mediterranean (1830). 1 Waghorn lefl; London to explore the overland route on Oct. 28, 1829. He travelled by way of Trieste to Alexandria, and thence by Cosseir and Jeddah to Bombay, making the voyage m 46 days. GEOGRAPHY sun nisroar. '75 to the value of the overland route; for, in reply to a letter from Waghorn asking for official support, Mr. Secretary Willoughby wrote, on April 15, 1830, that “the government did not look to similar advantages from his uccess as the other presidencies.” No more curious instance could be given of the want of prescience born of a narrow-minded oflicialism ; for the opening of the overland route has made Bombay the principal city in India. It was not tillthe year 1838 that aregular monthly communication b: tween Bombay and England by the overland route was established. The mail was carried by the steamers of the Indian Navy between Bombay and Suez ; but their further conveyance, beyond Suez, seems to have beenoften a matter of great uncertainty. In 1838, we find the Bombay Chamber of Commerce recording an explanation by Mr. Waghorn of the cause of delay in the transmis- sion to Bombay of the portion of the June mail addressed to his care, and suggesting that the commanders of the Company’s vessels should be instructed to “ wait a few hours at Suez, after the receipt of packets, whenever it may be ascertained that others are on their way, and may, within a short time, be expected at that place.” There was great anxiety at the same time, as to whether a steamer would be available for the despatch of the November mail from Bombay ; and it was proposed to “ secure a sailing vessel of known good qualities ;” but luckily the Hugh Lindsay was re-fitted in time, some steam engineers having arrived from England. On getting to Suez, the mails and passengers had Early Difl‘ieulties of Transit . . through Egypt, fresh dlfliculties to encounter. Mr. Monthly Overland Mai] Ser- vice. Waghorn, writing from Alexandria in December 1839, to the Steam Committees of Bengal, Madras and Bombay, urges them to subscribe enough money to pay for two iron tug steamers and accommodation boats on the Nile, so as to save three days in the transit through Egypt. Mr. Waghorn at that time had only a track boat on the Nile, and from Cairo to Suez vans were used in crossing the desert. The English steamers in the Me iterranean only went as 76 IACLBAN'B GUIDE ro some“. l l far as Malta, and then proceeded to Falmouth ; and it took lunch time to arrange a regular correspondence with the French steamers running between Malta and Marseilles. For several years, too, the Monsoon Mausaentvmper- monsoon mails were sent by way of “an Gmf(1838_40)_ the Persian Gulf. The Bombay Cham- ber of Commerce, in 1840, spoke of the arrangements for transmitting the mail hid the Euphrates as having been successfully acted on in the previous year, and asked the Government to provide a steamer for the special purpose 0f carrying the mail from Beyrout to Malta The monthly mail service to Bombay was carried on by the Indian Navy ships till 1855, when it had reached “ a state of inefliciency and disorganisation calling loudly for reform,” and when, to the relief of travellers, with whom \hese ships were most unpopular, and of the ofiieers of the Indian Navy, who disliked having passengers on board, the Peninsular and Oriental Company entered into a contract for the carriage of the mailsbetween P'am? 0' c°n_1pa'nymkesup Bombay and Aden twice a. month, the Mail Berwce to Bombay (1855)_ in connection with their Calcutta and Mediterranean service. The agitation for an eficctive weekly mail service was begun in 1857 ; but not till March 6, 1868, was it determined to make Bombay the port of arrival and departure for all weekly man semceueem' the English mails. The claims of Bombay to be regarded as the imperial port of India had by that time become too strong to be disregarded for the sake of local interests; and now, since the opening of the Suez Canal in November 1869, we have not only the P. and O. steamers running here, but the transports conveying the annua reliefs to Brms'h Indian Man Service. India, and a number of independent lines of passenger steamers, including the Austrian Lloyd’s, the Rubattino, the Anchor Line, and the Hall Line. The British India Company, too, now have acontract with the Indian Government for carrying mails from Bombay to all the other large ports of India. Finally, to complete our record GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY. of what has been done to improve communication between Bombay and the rest of the world, we should mention that adirect submarine cable was laid down from Suez to Bombay in 1870, in connection with the cable from Falmouth to Gibraltar. A cable had been previously laid down in 1860, but it became useless after one or two messages had been transmitted through it. Telegraphic communication betWEeu Kurrachee and England by aPersian Gulf cable had, however, been successfully established in 1865. After the conquest of the Deccan Mr. Elphinstone tried, as we have said, to improve the condition of the cultivators of the soil, who had been placed by the Peshwa’s Govern- ment at the mercy of unscrupulous farmers of the revenue. Large remissions of revenue were madeto the encouragement of pecula- tion, and “ nothing could be worse,” says Sir Bartle Frere, “ than the state of the country as regarded the levy of the land asscssment when the first attempts at survey were made. The first surveys were intended to be extremely minute," and in the assessment the principle was adopted of taking a fixed share of the not produce as the revenue of Government. “ But it was found in practice” (we again quote Sir B. Frere’s evidence before the Finance Committee of the House Of Commons) “ that this was entirely amisleading and impossible mode of assessing the revenue; and after a good deal of money had been spent upon this kind of survey, the Government was obliged to revert to something like the old system about the time that I went out to India, in 1834. This had led to terrible oppression in one or two villages—oppression so serious as to attract the attention of Sir Robert Grant, the then Governor of Bombay, to it-—and he sent Mr. Goldsmid, to whom I was attached as assistant, and Captain Shortreed, to report upon the system; . and the result of their report was an order for a survey and an assessment upon a different system, which was entrusted to Lieutenant (now Sir George) Wingate.” This survey was begun in 1835-36. It was based on theprinciplo of dividing the soil into The Assessment ofthe Land Tax. The Revenue Survey. 78 IACLEAN’B GUIDE TO BOMBAY. difiercnt classes, and fixing the assessment according to their relative degrees of fertility, and then concluding a settlement for thirty years with the recognized owner of each “ field" or farm. The right of re- newing the lease after a re-assessment of his field was also conceded to the owner. This system, which has since been introduced all over the Bombay Presidency, worked exceedingly well at first in the Deccan. Wingate and his colleagues were capable men, and they con- sidered it to be to the interest of the State to make its demand for revenue as light as possible. The result was, that the net revenue quickly increased, owing to the extension of cultivation and the ease with which the full demand could be paid; and the Deccan for many years prospered exceedingly. Within the last ten years, how- ever, the thirty years' leases have begun to fall in; and, new men being at the head of the Revenue Survey Department, a policy of moderation has been succeeded by one of extreme harshness in the reassessment of the revenue. The value of land has been calculated by reference to the prices of years in which the influence of the American war was still powerful; and so much discontent exists in the agricultural districts, owing to these heavy re-assessments, that the Government of Bombay is now trying to undo the mischief by again lowering its demand to something less than an addition of 50 per cent. to the old assessment. This state of things shows the bad side of the high-pressure system of public improvements. There can be no doubt that the pub- lic works carried out in the Bombay Presidency have been for the most part of benefit to the country; but what has been done has only shown the need for doing more in an empire which 40 years ago was roadless and bridgeless; and then money falls short, and zealous Go- vernment ofiicials resort to any available means of raising it, regardless of the discontent they provoke. What has been done for education is sufiiciently explained by the Education. fact that since Mr. Elphinstone pointed to his supplies of school-books, and remarked that they would show the English “ the road home,” but GEOGRAPHY sun HISTORY. 79 that nevertheless it was the duty of the Government not to withhold instruction from the people, a university to which Gcolleges are affiliated, 19 high schools, and 3,598 other schools, attended by 190,000 scholars, have been established in Bombay. Nowhere in the world probably can a high~class education be obtained at so little cost, thanks to the aid given by the State ; and the results of this indiscriminate instruction of young men whose ambition, after they have left college, the State cannot afford to gratify, and who consequently love to play the file of demagogues in the free vernacular press, has already given considerable uneasiness to the English rulers of India. We have wandered far afield, beyond the precincts of this little island, in sketching the imperial pro- gress of Bombay; and we will now retrace our steps, and conclude this section of our work by tacking together a few scat. tered notices of life in Bombay during the last hundred years or so. Niebuhr, in 1763, found the city a very dif. ferent place from what it must have been, according to Fryer's description, in the previous century. “The sea breezes,” he says “ and the frequent rains, cool the atmosphere, and render the climate of this island temperate. Its air was formerly unhealthy and dangerous, but has become pure since the English drained the marshes, in the city and its environs. Still, however, many Europeans die suddenly here; but they are new-comers, who shorten their days by a mode of life unsuitable to the climate; eating great quantities of beef and pork, which the Indian Legislature had wisely forbidden, and drinking copiously of the strong wines of Portugal in the hottest season." Niebuhr had perhaps heard the Irishman’s criticism, “ They eat and they drink, and they drink and they eat, till they die; and then they write home and say it’s the climate that’s killed them." Some Glimpses of old Bom- bay. Niebuhr’s description of the City (1763). Pleasant change in the 011- mate sineeEnglishOccupation. Why so many Europeans diedln280mbay. 80 MAL'LEAN'S cums r0 sons". The taste, if not the habits, of the English had evidently improved since Fryer’s time, when the early settlers used to meet together to drink amok in the monsoon, having nothing else to do. Old port may not be the most suitable drink for an Indian climate ; but it is at all events better than country arrack. Another matter Niebuhr objected to was that the “ English likewise persist obstinately in wearing the European dress, which by its ligatures impedes the free circulation of the blood, and by confining the limbs renders the heat more intolerable.” Two basins had been “hewn out in the rock, in which two ships may be at once careened. A third is now preparing. This work, which is very expensive, likewise brings ina considerable annual return. Strangers pay very dear for liberty to careen in these basins. While 1 was there I saw a ship of war belonging to the Imam of Sana, which he had sent to Bombay, solely on purpose that it might be re-fitted.” All religions were indulged in the free exercise of their public worship, “not only in their churches, but openly, in festivals and processions, and none takes offence at another. Yet Government allows not the Catholic priests to give loose to their zeal for making proselytes. When any person chooses to become Catholic, the reasons must be laid before Government, and if they are judged valid, he is then allowed to profess his conversion. -The priests have considerable success in conversions among the slaves, who, being struck with the pomp of the Romish worship, and proud of wearing the image- of a saint upon their breasts, choose rather to frequent the Catholic churches than any others, and persuade their countrymen, as they successively arise, to follow their example.” The religious toleration practised had. made the place “ very populous." Slaves from Africa. seem to have been then bought and sold freely at Bombay, for Niebnhr purchased a. young Catholic neg-r0, but gave him away before leaving India, for fear the Mussulmans The Docks. All Religions tolerated. Slave Market at Bombay. enoemrnr AND msronv. 81 in Persia and Turkey might accuse him of carrying ofi a Mahomedan boy. Only the English were allowed to trade ; but strangers, chiefly Germans and Swiss, were admitted into the military service, and got on rapidly, “ for their mode of life cuts 0E the ofi‘icers very fast." The troops were well paid, but were despised by the civilians, who “ look upon the soldiers with that contempt which moneyed men commonly think themselves entitled to show for persons who are in their pay”—a remark as true to human nature now as it was a century ago. There were seventeen companies of regular troops, of 120 men each, mostly Europeans, “except some Topazes, or Catholic Indians dressed in the European fashion ;” and 3,000 sepoys, with an inferior European officer to command each company. At Surat, the Company maintained a small corps of Arabs from the Persian Gulf. The Arabs were “in such high reputation in India for their courage that every raja desires to have some in his service.” The artillery at Bombay, consisting of three companies, was in very good condition, “ owing to the care of a Swede, whom the English sent out in 1752, and who brought with him a company of gunners whom he had raised in Germany. Bombay was thus furnished with a good number of able workmen, chiefly masons and carpenters. These Germans likewise engaged many of their countrymen to leave the Dutch, and enter the English service." James Forbes, the author of the “ Oriental Memoirs,” arrived in Bombay in 1766 as a writer in _f;;:°::1:‘::lmb °fB°mbay the Company’s service and remained ' 18 years in India. The establish- ment, he says, was then “ on a smaller scale than at pre- sent”—-his book was not finished till 1812—“especially in the military and revenue departments; the latter was always inadequate to the expenses.” He, too, speaks of the climate as healthy and pleasant. “ The English houses at Bombay, though neither so large nor so elegant as those at Calcutta and Madras, were comfortable and well furnished; they were built in the European style of The Bombay Army, 1763. 6 82 uscucsn’s arms in Bonn. architecture, as much as the climate would admit of, but lost something of that appearance by the addition of verandas or covered piazzas to shade those apartments most exposed to the sun. When illuminated and filled with social parties in the evening, these verandas gave the town a very cheerful appearance : but since I left India, the town houses have been almost deserted by the English, who reside entirely at their country villas ; the gentlemen only goto the Fort in the morning to transact their business; devoting the evening to domestic pleasure and convivial meetings at their garden-houses. The large bazaar or the street in the black town within the fortress, contained many good Asiatic houses, and shops stored with merchandise from all parts of the world for the Europeans and natives. These shops were generally kept by the Indians, especially the Parsees ; who, after paying the established import customs, were exempted from other duties." “As far as the climate permits, the English fashion in houses, equipage; and dress, is generally adopted: very few ladies or gentle. men kept European servants; the former were better served by young female Malabars, trained by themselves; and by negro or Malabar boys, who were our favourite personal attendants; while the upper servants were usually Mahomedans and Par-sees. ()ur clerks and writers were mostly Hindoos, who, from being liable to so many religious and ceremonial pollutions, were seldom domestic servants.” At the present day, hardly any Europeans have Parsees as domestic servants, and not many Mahomedans; there being no difficulty now in obtaining the services of Hindoos (mostly Soortees) for a‘most any kind of house work. It is curious that Forbes makes no mention of the employment, now so com- mon‘ oi Indo-Portuguese, as butlers and cooks. Ir speaking (f the habits and manners of the English inhabitants, Forbes says :—“ When I arrived there, most things were on a pleasant medium between the evils of Fryer’s period, and the pre- sent refined and luxurious mode of living; comfort, hos- pitality, and urbanity, then characterised the settlement." There is a note of regret struck here; and elsewhere he quotes with evident approbation a letter, dated 1784, froma “very discerning friend” in this city, who wrote to him (Mr. Forbes himself was then at Breach) :——“ I know your partiality ‘for Pombay, but in my opinion it is no longer the same place. I allow that the little Presidency has become very gay and lively, and I have passed a few weeks here with much satisfaction; but at all the pleasures and entertainments, I could not prevent the thought from obtruding Change of manners in Bombay. . GEOGRAPHY AND ms'roar. 83 itself, that the high polish had debased the material, and you, too, plainly see all the more valuable ties of friendship and afiection sacrificed to an ostentatious vanity which awkwardly endeavours to assume their semblance.” On returning to Bombay the same year, Mr. Forbes “ observed a great variation in the society and manners at Bombay. A. constant fluctuation by the removal of the civil and military servants from one settlement to another, the influx of strangers in a large seaport town, with other local circumstances, always occasioned some change in society3but whether from an extension of the military establishment, a considerable increase in the female circle from Europe, or from what other cause I know not, there was a material alteration in the English character of the Presidency. Etiquette, ostentation, and formality had too generally supplanted the urbanity, friendship, and oonviviality so delightful in former times.” Mr. Forbes evidently mourned over the merry meetings and the friends of his youth. What would he have said had he lived to witness the stately stiffness of social manners in modern Bombay, where hospitality is an extinct virtue P The Anglo-Indians here have become in dress and love of formality more English than the English themselves; even the white jacket, in which men used to sit at ease at Bombay dinner tables up to about fifteen years ago, being now rigidly banished from society, and the English dresacoat substituted for it. The price of provisions had nearly doubled in ten years, owing, says Mr. Forbes, to the constant increase of the population; and he complains of the badness of the times for the civil servants, who were now disposed to envy the chances in war of the military. Bishop Heber says little about the mode of life in Bombay, though his delightful “Narrative” contains what is even now the best account extant of the town and the places of interest in its neighbourhood. We shall draw largely upon it in the chapter which we have specially devoted to a description of new Bombay -—and to which also belongs the history of the improve- ments made in Bombay during the last ten or twelve years. From the close of Mr. Elphinstone’s administration (1827) to the commencement of Sir Bartle Frere’s (1862), there is little to be said concerning Bombay beyond what has been already recorded. Sir JohncMaloolm, about whose rule there are some queer traditions curré'ht, was a voluminous writer, and must, we should think, have left some interesting private correspondence throwing light on the society and manners of the place; but it is beneath the dignity of his biographer, Mr. Kaye, to notice such trifles, and all we can glean from his book is that Sir John passed most of his time in 84 MACLEAN’B coma in Bonn. quarrelling with the judges,1 though he did two good things—he made the Bhore Ghaut Road and invented Mahableshwur. 1 The feud between the Company's servants and the representatives of Eng- lish law in Bombay was of ancient standing. The Court of Directors in 1670-71 sanctioned the introduction by Governor Aungier of trial by jury into the courts of justice, agreeably to English law, but ‘ ‘ declined engaging a judge versed in civil law, being apprehensive that such a person might be disposed to promote litigation, and probably might not obey the orders which the pre- sident and council might find it for the interest of the court to give him.” In 1675-76 (Feb. 8), the president in council at Surat, writing to the governor of Bombay and his colleagues (then subordinate to the Company’s Surat settle- ment), directed that the alleged suicide of the purser of the ship Mayboome should be referred for investigation to “ the court of judicature at Bombay ac- cording to law," and that the same course should be adopted in all similar cases, adding, however, that “ as we desire that justice may be done, so we would have you take care that vexatious suits and contrivances by common barristers to disturb the quiet of good people may be discouraged and pre- vented, and let the judge know from us that we expect he maintain the gravity, integrity, and authority of his office, and that he doth not bring a disrepute on the court of Bombay, by lightness, partiality, self-seeking, or countenancing common barristers, in which sort of vermin, they say, Bombay is very unhappy.” It is right to mention that it is more than doubtful that any of the legal practi- tioners who were in Bombay at that time had been admitted as barristers by the Inns of Court in the British Islands. In 1675, a person, whom the Rev. Phili Anderson describes as “ a ompous attorney,” was, according to Fryer, “ or ered to impeach” Captain S xton before “ a select court of judicature for abetting mutinous conduct of his soldiers," and according] , “ with some borrowed rhetarick, endeavoured to make him appear a secon Catiline.” It is not likely that this state prosecution would have been entrusted to an attorney, if there had been then a duly accredited barrister in Bombay. Dr. St. John was in 1683-84 sent to Bombay with a commission from the king as judge in admiralty. In transmitting a copy of it to the Bombay government, the Court of Directors directed that his salary should be £200 per annum, and that he should “ have the accommodation of his own diet at the governor’s table” and should take his place there “ as second,” but they added that " all other judi- catures upon our said island are to remain in the same condition and order as they now are, and under the management of the same persons, until you receive our further orders, after we have an account from you of the good deportment of the said doctor.” Dr. St. John complained of this to Sir Leoline Jenkins, Secretary of State, but the Company retorted upon him that he had taken part with some interlopers, so he never seems to have had any jurisdicti0n, except that in admiralty, the other courts being filled by servants of the Company. In 1695 Sir Josiah Child, governor of the London company, disapproved of the course taken by Mr. Vaux in administering the law of England in Bombay, and observed that the English laws were “ a heap of nonsense compiled by a few ignorant country gentlemen,” and that his orders, not the laws of England, should be the rules by which Mr. Vaux ought to abide. In. 1726 a charter was granted, constituting a mayor's court in Bom- bay, consisting of a mayor and nine aldermen, with jurisdiction to try suits according to English law, and this charter was renewed in 1753,with a reservation, in favour of the natives, of their owa laws and customs. In 1798 Parliament established at Bombay, in lieu of the mayor’s court, a court consisting of the mayor and three aldermen and a recorder, “ who should be a hamster of England or Ireland.” The celebrated Sir James Mackintosh, who came out as recorder 111 1803, seems to have had a very easy time of it, for he POPULATION. 85 The most important change of the last forty years has been the great increase in the numbers of the independent European popula- tion, and, consequently, in the influence of the English newspapers published at Bombay. The merchants felt themselves strong enough to establish a Chamber of Commerce in 1836, which has since taken a con— siderable share in the formation of public opinion and the direction of affairs. Bombay Chamber of Com- merce, 1836. IL—POPULATION‘ The population of Bombay numbered in 1872, according to the Census taken in that year, 644,405 per- sons. A previous census, taken in 1864, gave 816,562 as the number of the population. The falling ofi in the interval is accounted for by the emigration from Bombay of the swarm 0f adventurers and labourers from all parts of India and from abroad, who were attracted to the city by the speculative enterprises and the high prices of labour which marked the season of unexampled prosperity enjoyed by Bombay during the American war. Bombay is still, however, more populous than Calcutta or Madras, and in point of numbers is entitled to the rank of the second city in the British Empire. In 1662, when the island of Bombay came into the possession of the English, the popu. lation did not exceed 10,000. In 1716 it was estimated at only Growth of the Population since 1562. lived with the governor at Pal-ell, and only went down to the Fort once or twice a week t \ transact judicial business. In 1823 the Supreme Court was substituted for the recorder’s court, and the jurisdiction claimed by the chief justice over British subjects beyond the limits of the presidency town brought him into conflict with Sir John Malcolm. The feeling of antagonism between the Company’s executive oflicers and the judges, to some extent, lasted till the Queen took over the direct government of the country in 1858, and in 1862 formed the new High Court b a Junction of the barristers’ Supreme Court at the presidency town with the hief Court estab- lished by the Company for the trial of suitsin other parts of the presidency. (See, for a full history of the courts and tenures of Bombay, the elaborate and interesting judgments of Sir Michael Westropp, Naorajl Bemmji 0. Rogers, High Court Reports,Vul. IV., Part I. ; See. of State/or India v. Bombay Landing and Shipping 60., Vol. V., Part 1.; and Lope: 0. Lap“, Vol. V. Part 1.) v 86 lACLEAN’s GUIDE 1‘0 some“. 11:; ugh—h n‘,_,,,_“.,‘ ‘L 9 I,- gsM k‘ ‘ 16,000 souls; in 1816, the result of a census taken by Government gave the following numbers :— British, not military .............. .. Ditto military and marine Native Christians, Portuguese and Armenians This statement does not, however, include the floating population, computed to number about 60,000. During the last half century, therefore, the population has increased threefold. The disproportion between the sexes, as shown by the census, is extraordinary, there being 399,716 males to 244,689 females ; and it ispartly attributed, probably with good reason,to the fact that the census was taken in the winter months of the year, “when the fixed population is annually much augmented by an influx of men who come from their villages for the purposes of trade and in search of service, and who do not bring their wives and families with them" (Dr. Hewlett's Census of Bombay). The Soortees (or people from Surat) and Indo-Portuguese, too, from among whom the class of domestic servants is chiefly recruited, hardly ever have their wives with them. But it may also be suspected that so great a disparity in the numbers of men and women as appears in the census must be due to inaccuracy in the returns, Nowhere else probably in the world, not even in Alexandria, are so many and such striking varieties of race, nationality, and relig'on represented as in Bombay. Not only is there great diversity of type among the Hindoos—the Banian of Guzerat diEering as widely in appearance and manners from the Mahratta. of the Deccan as the Englishman differs from the Italian ; not only do the Mahomedans include, besides Indian Mussulmans, many Afghans, Persians, Arabs, Turks, Malays, and Abyssinians ; not only are colonies of Jews and Armenians to be found among this motley population; but the city is the head-quarters of the The motley character otthe Population. POPULATION. 87 thriving and prolific race of Parsees, and contains many thousand Indo-Portuguese inhabitants. To crown all, there are the Euro- pean inhabitants, engaged either in the service of Government, or in professional or mercantile pursuits—a class of the community not strong in numbers, but supreme in political and social power. The population is officially classified under the following heads :— Pcrcentage to persons' Population. Buddhists or Jains 15,121 2‘35 Brnhmins 25,757 400 Lingeets .. 1,242 ‘19 Bhattias 9,466 1'47 Hindoos of other castes 340,868 52'90 Hindoo outcastes .... .. 31,3t7 4'86 Mohamedans 137,644 2136 Negro-Africans 1,171 ‘18 Pam-sees. 44,091 6'84 Jews 2,669 '41 Native C ns ans and Goanese . 25,119 8'90 Eurasians 2,352 '36 Europeans 7,263 1'13 305 '05 A11 races and castes......... 644,405 10000 “ The Jains, together with the Brahmins, Lingaets, and Bhattias, comprise the castes which reli- giously abstain from eating meat, and it will be seen that they form only 8 per cent. of the total population” (Dr. Hewlett). The religious tenets of the Jain; resemble closely those of the Buddhists. They wership images, but do not recognize the Brahminical division of castes, and, being believers in the transmigration of ouls, they will not destroy animal life in any form. They are a wealthy sect, amassing much money in trade, and have numerous and costly temples, rich with gilding, gems, and statues of marble, at Girnar and Palitana in the peninsula of Kattywar, and at Mount Aboo in Northern Guzerat. The orthodox Hindoos, who are under the control of the Brah. mins, and who form three-fifths of the total population of Bombay, may be separated into the two grand divisions of worshippers of The Jatnl. The Brahmlmcal Eindool. if i V, A a 88 IACLEAN’! GUIDE TO BOMBAY. s!— 1"- Vishnoo (the Preserver), and worshippers of Shiva (the Destroyer), the second and third person of the Hindoo Trinity. “The adherentsof Shiva mark their foreheads horizontally, and those of Vishnoo perpendicularly, which should be renewed every morning, and,ifattainable,by a Brahmin" (Hamilton). Vishnoo is, however, only known popularly through his incnmatium, Rama and Krishna, who, with Vishnoo’s wife, Luxshmi, are the favourite deities of by far the greater mnnber of Hindoos in Bombay. Krishna is a. frolic~ some deity, whose amour-s are the theme of innumerable songs and dances; and the immoralities practised among some of his special followers—the Bhlttias, who accept their priest literally as an [incarnation of the Deity, and rejoice to submit their wives and daughters to his embraces—were exposed in a notorious trial that took place in Bombay thirteen years ago. The elephant- headed god Gunpnttee is also very generally worshipped. Shiva, in like manner, is not personally adored; his devotees pay their worship chiefly to his consort, Kali, who under the name of Bhowanee was the patroness of the Thugs, and under the name of Parvatee has a celebrated temple dedicated to her honour on the rock overlooking Poona, from which Bajee Rao, the last of the Peshwas, is said to have witnessed the defeat of his army and the overthrow of his dynasty by the English on the plain of Kirkee. Next to the Brahmins, the most important class among Hindoos, and that best blown to Europeans, are the Bunions, among whom the Bhattias may be included. The early English voyagers seem to have applied this name to all classes of Hindoos indiscriminately. Ovington, for instance, who made a voyage to Surat in 1869, speaks only of three divisions of natives, the Moors (Mussulmans), Ba-nians (Hindoos), and Persies (Parsees) ; and, with regard to the Banians, he says bitterly h‘ They are mainly addicted to prosecute their temporal interest, and the amassing of treasure ; and therefore will fly at the securirg of a pioe, though they cancem. mend whole lakhs of rupees. I know those amongst them computed The Banians. 90 MACLEAN'S GUIDE TO sons“. The lowest and most numerous class of the population consists of the coolies, who are fishermen or labourers, and who may be regarded as the aborigines of the island, and, indeed, of all the coast districts of Guzerat and the Conean. The distinction of race and character between the people of Guzerat and the Mahrattas is still best marked by the preva- lence of Guzerattee as the commercial language of India. The Mahratta language has for its northern boundary on the coast the river of Damauu, a Portuguese settlement 108 miles north of Bombay; and it prevails as far south as the confines of Goa. Inland its limits are the river Taptee on the north and the Kistna onthe south. But in Bombay and other great towns Guzerattee is the language of trade. Dr. Wilson infers from “ the numerous and magnificent Buddhist remains of Western India.’I that Buddhism had, about 200 13.6., been preached with remarkable success throughout the Mahmtta, country. Nowhere in India, however, are the people now more devoted to the Bmhrnins. Shae, Sivajee’s grandson, when asked by a Rajpoot prince what he had done for the Hindoo religion, said he had conquered Hindostan as far north asthe J umna, and given ittothe Brahmins. The boast turned out literally true, for the Brahmin family of the Peshwas set aside Sivajee’s descendants, and became the supreme rulers of the Mahratta confederacy. Dr. Wilson describes the Mahrattas as a shrewd. intelligent, hardy, and active people. “ They have their own popular gods and demons, in addition to the principal deities of the Hindoo pantheon, and are gener- ally enthusiastic in their worship, being at the same time fond of religions pilgrimages,” especially to the source of the Gunga, or Godavery, above Nassick, and Punderpore. “ They are noted for the observance of the most public of the festivals, as the Daseera and Holee. Their peculiar religious feelings have been much excited and sustained by the poets of their own provinces, especially Tooka- ram.” The Mahmttas have no com- mercial genius; few of them are traders or merchants; before The Coolies. The Mahrattas. POPULATION. 91 the English conquest they used to be warriors, politicians, shep- herds, and cultivators of the soil; now, those of them who live in towns are chiefly lawyers, clerks, and writers in public offices, and, among the lower class, grooms and coachmen. They area darker and less good-looking people than men from the country to the north of Bombay, and their habitations are usually one~storeyed huts instead of the lofty handsome buildings which suit the more luxurious Guzerattee taste. The Mahomedans, forming one-fifth of the population, are divided here, as elsewhere, into the two great religious sects of Soonees and Sheeahs, the former comprising the orthodox believers, who accept the historical succession of Caliphs after Mahomed, through Abubeker, Omar, and the Ommeiade Caliphs of Damascus, while the latter espouse the cause of Ali, the fourth Caliph, and his sons Hassan and Hoosein, who were murdered by their Ommeiade rivals. The Turks and Arabs are the principal Soonee, and the Persians the principal Sheeah nation. In Bombay the Sheeahs probably predominate. They include the well-known caste of Borahs, travelling dealers in all kinds of goods, who are known to every Indian household. Hamilton describes them accu- rately as “that remarkable race of men named the Boras, who, although Mahomedan in religion, are Jews in features, manners, and genius." The Khoja Mussulmans, who reverence as their chief His Highness Aga Khan, a refugee from Persia, claiming to be the modern representative of the prince known in the time of the crusades as the head of the assassins, or the Old Man of the Mountain, are also Sheeahs, and there are besides great numbers of Persians, usually, but incorrectly, styled Moguls in Bombay. The Soonees comprise Arabs, Turks, and the Indian Mussulmans of the Concan (or plain country between the sea coast of Western India and the foot of the Western Ghauts). Their numbers vary greatly during the year, as Bombay, being new the chief port for pilgrims going to or returning from Mecca, is the The Mahomedans. Sconces and. Sheeahs. 92 IACLEAN’B GUIDE 10 some“. resort of many thousands of Mussulman strangers during the pilgrim season, which lasts through the cold weather. Dr. Hewlett mentions in his Census Report, that “ no one entered himself as a disciple of Synd Ahmud, of Patna notoriety, who introduced Waha- beeism into India ;” but there are, no doubt, many Wahabees, the puritans of Islam, in Bombay, where, according to Dr. Hunter (see his Indian Mmsulmans) the gospel of this dangerous political sect, which seeks to revive Mahomedan fanaticism in all its early fervour, was first preached. The Parsees form but a small proportion, numerically, of the population, but their business-like energy and activity, their freedom to a great extent from caste prejudices, and the readiness with which they have taken to the use of the English language, have secured to them a prominent and influential position in the com- munity. ThPir history is well known. After the conquest of Persia by the Mahomedans in the seventh century, a small remnant of the fire-worshippers, who disdained to change their religion, went into voluntary exile. They first took refuge at Ormus, in the Persian Gulf, where they are said to have learnt the art of ship-building, afterwards so useful to them; and after some years they migrated to the coast of India, landing at Diu, on the coast of Kattywar. From Din, where they did not prosper, they went to Sanjan in Guzerat, and were hospitably received and allowed to light their sacer fire by a Hindoo prince named J adoo Rama. From this place, as their numbers increased, they resorted to the principal tawns of Guzerat, and settled in the country, taking Guzerattee wives and adopting the Guzerattee language, and many Hindoo customs. Their exceptional prosperity as a race seems to date from the advent of Europeans by sea to India. The Parsees, having no prejudices against the strangers, made themselves use- ful as brokers and interpreters between the Europeans and the natives. They especially attached themselves to the English, and in Surat many of them had, two centuries ago, acquired considerable wealth in trade and become persons of conse- The Parsees. ; POPULATION. 93 quence. When Bombay was ceded to England, there was only one Parsee on the island; but, as Bombay rose in import- ance and finally superseded Surat, the Parsees followed the fortunes of the English to this city, the first settlers having been, it is said, about 100 years ago, invited as skilled ship-builders to manage the Bombay Dockyard They have since become famous for their commercial enterprise and public spirit; and a large portion of the trade of Bombayis entirely in their hands. One Parsee citizen, Sir Jamsetjee J ejeebhoy, was honoured, twenty-one years ago with a baronetcy on account of his numerous and munifi- cent charities; and another, Sir Cowasjee Jehanghier, has since been lmighted for a similar reason. The Parsees are a prolific race; and their numbers are rapidly increasing. The lower classes among them are smart shopkeepers and good mechanics. They are especially skilful in carpenters’ work. Most of the hotels, mess agencies, and liquor stores throughout India are now owned and managed by Parsees. Most of the Christians in Bombay are hide-Portuguese, descend- ants of intermarriages between the first European settlers in Western India. and the natives. They dress in the European fashion, and wear the tall black hat instead of a turban. They are not a very active or progressive class of the community, and seem to be content to provide Europeans with clerks, cooks, and butlers. The Jews resident in Bombay have come chiefly from Mesopo- tamia. The principal family amongst them are the Sassoons, who founded the house of David Sassoon and Co. in Bombay about forty-one years ago. Mr. David Sassoon’s eldest son, Sir Albert Sassoon, was knighted in 1871, in recognition of his own and his father’s charities. The hide-Portuguese. The Jews. 94 MAcrsAN’s cums TO BOMBAY. III.—TRADE AND INDUSTRY. “ Of all the divisions of Asia," says Heeren, “ the southern, con- taining the territory of Hindustan, is distinguished by the richness and diver- sity of its productions. Here we not only find (with very few exceptions) all the products of the other parts of civilised Asia, but so great a variety peculiar to its own climate, that it would appear as if a new and more beautiful creation had sprung up under the hand of Nature. Nearly all the spices, which become necessary to man- kind inexact proportion to the progress of luxury and refinement, have at all times been peculiar to this region, while two of the most important articles used in clothing, viz., cotton and silk, were first produced here, and continue to be so in an especial degree, though their cultivation has been gradually extended to other countries.” The desire for intercourse with a country possessing so many and such rare natural advantages has supplied from time immemorial the chief stimulus to the commercial enterprise of other nations. The Arabians are credited by many authors with having been the first to dare the perils of the sea, and fetch the products of India for sale in the markets of the West ; and no doubt the Arabians have been known from the earliest historical times as bold navigators and skilful merchants. The configuration of the peninsula of Arabia, with its grsat interior desert and the strips of fertile territory along its extensive sea coasts, and the narrowness of the gulfs separating it on one side from Africa, and on the other from Persia and India, naturally tended to make the Arabians a seafaring people. Again, the Phoenicians, the first traders in the Mediterranean, were a kindred people to the Arabians, and numerous references in the Hebrew scriptures show that these two nations held the keys of the commerce between the West and the East, and exchanged, by means of caravans crossing the desert from the heads of the'Gulfs of Persia and Suez to Tyre and Sidon, the spices, ivory, gold, and fine stuffs of India and China for the iron, bronze, and SilVil‘ of Europe. It is, however, more than probable that a considerable part of the trade on this side was directly in the hands of the Indians themselves, The Early Trade of India. TRADE AND INDUSTRY. 95 though one cannot say how much Arab blood there mayhave been in the early settlers on the western coast of India. The antiquity of piracy on the coast of Malabar and Guzerat proves that not only had ancient India an extensive commerce, but she could supply a breed of daring corsairs to get their living by plundering it. That the Indians were, in the dawn of history enterprising navigators, may be inferred from the Sanscrit names of various places along the southern coast of Arabia, including the island of Socotra, and from the early settlement of Indian colonies along all the borders of the Indian Ocean and its narrow seas, “ as far south,” says Dr. Wilson, “ as the latitude of Madagascar,” and probably at one time as far north as Bussorw When Niebuhr was at Mocha in 1762, he found many Bam'ans there, whom he describes as “ considerable merchants, and very honest men." This connexion must have subsisted for ages, and indeed. the theory is a plausible one that thgogn'giik of ‘Jejen‘ Egyptian civilization may be traced touthenclqnggest ,ofthe countlyblyIIndiazi WEE; it is incontestable that the science of “dega'r'rhavigation was developed in the eastern seas long before its rudiments were known in Europe. The audaw Iapet'i genus were content to make coasting voyages in the Mediterranean and round Spain to the British isles for centuries after Arabians, Indians, and Chinese had been engaged in a foreign trade of a much more venturesome character. Possibly, the tradition is true that the discovery of the direct passage across the Indian Ocean from Aden to the coast of Guzerat was made by a sailor whose boat was caught in the south-west monsoon and carried across in spite of all his efforts to return. In any case we may reasonably suppose that the regularity of the seasons out here—the wind blowing steadily during four months of the year from the south- west, and during the rest of the year from the north-east— soon suggested the practicability of undertaking long voyages, as a. fair wind could be counted on both in going and returning. During the middle ages, the superior enterprise and military power of the Arabians, Egyptians, and Persians gave them the complete control of the Indian trade 5 and, although it is recorded that the pilots of 96 IACLEAN’S GUIDE TO BOXBAY. the early Portuguese expeditions across the Indian Ocean were natives of Guzerat, yet the Portuguese writers speak of the com- merce of Western India as being, at the end of the sixteenth century, wholly inthe hands of “ the Moors." According to Lafitau, this commerce “ almost entirely passed by fleet or caravan through the territories of the sultan or caliph of Egypt, who had Syria as far as the Euphrates, and part of Arabia. He took at least five per cent_ on goods in his own ports, and got at least double this amount from the Venetians, Genoese, and Catalans in the Mediterranean. These were his principal revenues, and the interruption of the Indian commence by the Portuguese-who waged a merciless warfare at sea against “ the Moors" and would be satisfied with nothing less than the complete monopoly of the trade—“ ruined him and his subjects." The Egyptian sultan appealed to the Pope to put a stop to the encroachments of the Portuguese, but of course Rome rejoiced in the successes of these champions of the true religion. The sultan then (1507), aided, it is said, by the Christian powers of the Levantv who were alarmed at the prospect of losing the profits of the trade with the East, fitted out a fleet in the Red Sea, which at first had some successes against the Portuguese, but was in the end disastrously beaten. The Egyptian efforts to recover a share of the Indian trade were brought to an end by the Turkish conquest of Egypt in 1517, and the valuable commerce of the East with Europe was diverted for more than three centuries to ' the route round the Cape of Good Hope, though it has recently been restored to its ancient channel by the opening of the Suez Canal. Barygaza (Breach) is mentioned in the Periplus as the chief port of this side of India. From Barygaza one great highway of trade led through Oojein to Palibothra (Allahabad),while another penetrated into the Deccan, the capital city of which was then (2nd century A. D.) Tagara (Deoghur). Nassick is also mentioned in the itinerary of Ptolemy, the geoprapher, and Callian is spoken of in the Periplusas a port of inferior importance to Broaeh. The ships of small burden formerly engaged in trade did not require tolie in such a commodious but exposed harbour as that of Bombay; and it would be more 98 uscnnm’s euros TO somm. made it difficult for them to pass up the river. Certainly, the Arabian geographers make no mention tggggoxipemedea u as 8' of.Callian, though they were familiar mth a kingdom of Tanna. “ The Con- can," says Colonel Yule, “is no doubt what was intended by the kingdom of Tanna. Albironi (AD. 1030) speaks of that city as the capital of Concan ; Rashiduddin calls it Konkan-Tanna ; Ibn Batnta, Kukin-Tanna.” Marco Polo (13th century) gives this description of Marco Polo’s account or the it :—“ Tanna is a great kingdom lying kingdom of Tm and it! towards the west, a kingdom great trade‘ bothin size and worth. The people are idolaters (Hindoos), with a language of their own, and a king of their own, and tributary to nobody. No pepper grows there, nor other spices, but plenty of incense ; not the white kind, however, but brown. There is much traffic here, and many ships and merchants frequent the place ; for there is a great export of leather of various excellent kinds, and also of good buck- ram and cotton. The merchants in their ships also import various articles, such as gold, silver, copper, and other things in demand. With the king’s connivance many corsairs launch from this port to plunder merchants. These corsairs have a covenant with the king that he shall get all the horses they capture, and all other plunder shall remain with them. The king does this because he has no horses of his own, whilst many are shipped from abroad towards India ; for no ship ever goes thither without horses in addition to other cargo." These horses were shipped at that time principally from Ormuz in the Persian Gulf and from Aden, the latter being “ the port in the Red Sea to which many of the ships of India come with their cargoes,” and its su‘ tan, by reason of the heavy payments he received in port charges, “ one of the richest princes in the world.” Tanna was taken by the Mussulmans soon after Polo’s visit. Friar Oderio, who sailed to Tanna from Orruuz in 28 days early in the 14th century, “ describes particularly the martyrdom of four friars, which had happened there some time before his arrival ; whose piety had led them to dispute before the cadi of the town, and to tell him that TRADE AND mousrav. 99 his prophet Mahomed was in hell with his father the devil, on which the governor executed them under excessive tortures, but was him- self banished for-his cruelty by the king of the country.” The Portuguese, two centuries afterwards, amply avenged the friars. In Barbosa’s time, just before the Portuguese conquest, “ Tanna was still a place of many mosques, temples, and gardens, but the trade was small. There were still pirates doing business from the port, but on a reduced scale. Giovanni Botero says that there were the remains of an immense city to be seen, and that the town still con- tained 5,000 velvet weavers" (Yule). Tanna in its turn gave place, in the time of the Portuguese, to Bassein, though it still remained a considerable place. Under British rule it is a thriving subur- ban town, with a large population of native Christians. It used to be famous fifty years ago for the bacon cured there, but this branch of trade has died out. It still manufactures excellent coarse cotton goods. Surat, however, seems to have drawn to itself most of the trade with Europe within a century after the discovery of the passage round the Cape of Good Hope. The English settlement was established here in 1612, and Anderson, to give an idea of the business carried on by the factors of Surat, quotes from Bruce’s Annals the statement that, in 1668, six ships arrived from England with goods and bullion to the value of £130,000. The next year 1,200 tons of shipping arrived with stock valued at £75,000. In 1670 came 1,500 tons of shipping; in 1672 four ships, with cargo and bullion valued at £85,000; and in 1673 stock and bullion were brought to the amount of £100,000. “With regard to par- ticular articles of trade, indigo was in more demand than ever. Pepper, saltpetre, raw and wrought silks, to the value of £30,000 a year, calicoes to the value of £160,000, and various drugs, were exported to England. A trade in diamonds was chiefly confined to private dealers, who frequently made large profits. Con-w siderable attention was already paid to the exportation Trade of Surat, 17th Century. First Cotton Press, 1684. TOO IACLEAN’B GUIDE TO BOMBAY. of raw cotton, and so early as 1681 attempts were made to save freight by compressing it into bales with the aid of machi- nery. For this purpose the company sent out ‘ a screw or engine.’ In 1697 there must have been one such machine in Bombay, as we have the Governor, on the 23rd of March in that year, writing to the President and Council at Surat :—One of the nuts of our cotton screw being broken, we have in vain endeavoured to get a piece of timber in the Country to make a new one. Therefore, do you send us as soon as possible one or two pieces of Cominba. timber, in length 10 ft. 3 in., broad 2 ft. 4- in., and 1 ft. 2 in. thick.” This extract is interesting, not only on account of the reference in it to the cotton trade, but because it shows how slender were still Bombay’s resources, and how complete her dependence on Surat, even at the end of the 17th century. From the time (1708) when the two companies that had been fighting for the Indian trade were joined into one, a new system of trade was introduced, of which Mill (vol. III. chap. 1) gives a complete account. The Company’s geods were from this time chiefly conveyed in hired ships, and the Company only kept “ some swift sailing packets and a very few trading vessels. The articles of which the import trade chiefly consisted were calicoes and the other woven manufactures of India ; raw silk, diamonds, tea, porcelain, pepper, drugs, and saltpetre. The official value of their imports in 1708 was £493,275, and their average annual importation for this and the nineteen following years was £758,042. The Company exported lead, quicksilver, woollen cloths, hardware, and bullion, to the average amount, for the same twenty years, of £63 4,638, of which sum four-fifths was bullion. Owing to the confusion prevailing throughout India, the Company forbade its servants to distribute its goods in the interior; this business was left to native and other: independent dealers. For the purchase of goods for exportation, agents were employed. Warehouses or factories were built and fortified as places of deposit; and the European agents made advances to the native weavers while engaged at work on the cloth they wanted. The cutcherry was, in the beginning, the place of business of the System of Trade, 1708. TRADE AND INDUSTRY. 101 gomastah employed by the European agents to arrange with the employers of the Work-people and fix the price of the cloth when finished. The whole course of trade was then very different from what it is now, the chief anxiety of the English being to invest in Indian manufactures. The trade remained in the exclusive possession of the Company till 1813, private persons being only permitted totrade with the Company’s licence. The Company’s servants, however, had the privilege of trading on their own account. This monopoly did not benefit the Company, whose embarrassment constantly increased in spite of successful wars and commercial profits, and but for it the foreign trade of Western India would have been marked by a much more rapid rate of increase in the 18th century. What improvement did take place was at Bombay, which, being an English city, and having a good harbour with the only docks available for re-fitting large ships, soon began to outstrip the English settlement at Surat, a Mahom- medan city on the bank of a river not navigable for ships of heavy burden above the port of Swally. Ship-building, however, continued to be carried on at Surat till late in the century, and in 1762, Niebuhr, who visited the city after leaving Bombay, speaks of it as still“ the storehouse of the most precious productions of Hindu- stan. Hither is brought from the interior parts of the empire an immense quantity of goods, which the merchants carry in their ships to the Arabic Gulf, the Persian Gulf, the coast of Malabar, the coast of Goromandel, and even to China. The provinces near this city are full of manufactures of all sorts.” Yet at that time all the ships from England sailed to Bombay, and the director of, trade at Surat was only a member of the Council of Bombay. Bombay had also dependent on it the Company’s factories at Bushire, Cambay, Honore, Calicut, and Bankote, as well as at Tatta, in Scinde. Milburn (Oriental Commerce) admits that the decline in the trade of Surat became conspicuous from the time the Company got possession of it (1759), and he adds :—“ A considerable part of it has no doubt been transferred to Bombay; but whatever Bombay gains on Surat. 102 MACLEAN'B emu: ro soxun. decay Surat may have sufi’orod in commerce may be attributed to the subversion of the Mogul empire, the annihilation of that spirit of commerce which sprang from the innumerable wants of so rich and expensive a people, and the decrease of the lucrative trade to the Gulfs of Persia and Arabia, owing to the anarchy in which Persia is -involved, and into which the Turkish dominions are sinking." Bombay appeared to Milburn, at the beginning of this century, to bid fair to be the most durable of the English possessions in India. From his Oriental Cmnmerce we learn that the value of all the merchandise and treasure, except the Company’s, imported into Bombay and Surat in the five years 1802-6 was £2,400,000, and of the exports in the same period £1,928,000, so that the average annual value of this trade was about £900,000 a year. The value of the goods and treasure imported by the Company in the seventeen years 1792-8 to 1808-9 was £5,301,120, and of the goods and treasure exported £2,851,006, giving a yearly average of £480,000. According to these figures the total trade was worth £1,380,000 a year. But in this sum is included all the coasting trade, and many articles are reckoned twice over. For instance, the piece-goods imported from Surat into Bom- bay are probably counted over again for the most part in the exports from Bombay to London and China. The trade with China was the most valuable part of the commerce of Bom- bay. The cotton exported to China in 1805 was worth sicca rupees 64,73,639, while that shipped to London was worth only sicca rupees 5,738,725.1 In some seasons the export of cotton to China amounted to 80,000 bales of 375 lbs. each, or thirty million lbs. This cotton trade with China was but of recent date. It commenced about 1770. “Aconsiderable famine, which happened at that period, induced the Chinese Government to direct, by an imperial edict, thatagreater proportion of the lands should be thrown into the * The exchangeable value of the since 111960 was then 3'. “- Trade of Bombay at begin- ning of this century. Cotton trade with China, 1805. TRADE AND INDUSTRY. 103 cultivation of grain ;” and the demand for cotton which then arose increased, till, it is said, “ the scanty supply during the Mahratta war, the inattention to the quality, and the many frauds that had been practised," prompted the Chinese to grow cotton for them- selves again. The annual export of cotton to China now is less than five million lbs. It is quite possible that the falling ofiE in the Chinese demand about the year 1800 was due to the interference of the East India Company with what had been till then an open trade, for the result of this change was to nearly double the price of cotton wool. From China the chief articles of import were sugar and sugar-candy and piece-goods. No English piece-goods were imported into Bombay in 1805, though Milford mentions jacconets, checked and white muslins, fashionable chintzes for ladies, cotton counterpanes, and white handkerchiefs among articles suitable for the Bombay market. Copper, wines and spirits, cutlery, woollen goods, of which the Company were bound to export a certain quantity every year to India for the benefit of the English manufacturers, and which usually could not be sold except at a loss, were among the chief imports from London. The exports consisted of cotton, ivory, pepper, piece-goods, sugar and saltpetre sent round from Bengal, and occasionally Mocha coffee. No English piece-goods lm- ported, 1805. Private enterprise had little or no chance in Bombay atatime when the Company and its servants bagfiggggenmm “13””- had the pick of the trade;and Mil- burn gives the following as a com- plete list of independent European firms 2—EUROPEAN Honsns 0F AGENCY.—Bruce, Fawcett & 00., Agiizzylnazzogzzz 3:21:15“? Forbes 56 00., Shotton & 00., John chants. Leckie, S. Beaufort. WINE MERCHANrs, AND SHQPKEEPERs.—Baxter, Son & Co., John Mitchell&Co., Wooller & 00., R. M’Lean & Co. The com- manders and ofiioers of the Company's ships employed Parsee 104 IACLEAN's some in son's“. dubashes or agents to manage their investments. The tonnage of the merchant ships, in 1811, was 17,593 tons, some of the ships carrying 1,000 tons, and the largest class could take acargoof 4,000 bales of cotton. There was only one insurance ofiice, the Bombay Insurance Society, with a capital of twenty lacs;but much underwriting was done by private persons. Such was the commercial condition of Bombay a few years before Lord Melville carried through “22:11:33: fie-‘32:,“ 11" Parliament a bill abolishing the p n’ ' exclusive trade of the East India Company with India, but securing to it the monopoly of the trade with China for twenty years longer, an exception introduced because the ministry were afraid of losing the revenue derived from duties on tea. The most important result of this legislation, so far as Bombay was concerned, was to develope the export trade to England in raw cotton and kill the export trade in piece-goods. The effect of the Act of 1813 and of that of 1833, which threw open the China trade and abolished all the Company's commercial privileges, may, therefore, be best shown by the statistics of the trade in raw cotton and cotton goods. Royle tells us that raw cotton does not seem to have been "getfig‘jllg'l‘rmemwim' imported from India till 1783, when 114,133 lbs. were imported. In 1790, the Directors of the East India Company, at the instance of the manufacturers, imported 422,207 lbs., but the speculation did not answer. In 1809, at the period of the American Non-Intercourse Act, the Directors imported thirty million lbs., of which only 1,250,000 were used by the British manufacturers, and 3,250,000 exported to the Continent. This unlucky venture determined the Company to import no more, even when the American war broke out. “ But after the peace, a general revival of trade took place, andas great an increase of the imports of cotton as from 60 to 90 millions of pounds in 1816. In 1817 to 1819, when excessive speculation prevailed, and prices remained high, large quantities of cotton, that is, 86,000,000 of pounds in 1818, were imported from India into this TRADE AND mnus'm-r. 105 country; a larger quantity than at that time came from America, even with the assistance of 17 millions of pounds exported from Calcutta to America, for the purpose of mixing with American cotton, previous to re-exporting it to Europe. The failures which took place in Calcutta in 1820, in consequence of this over-specula- tion, are stated by Mr. Bruce to have been the first check experienced by the cotton growers of Bundlecund ,-at all events, the exports from Calcutta to this country amounted only to about 2,000,000 of pounds in the year 1822. The Indian trade did not recover itself even for the year of hazardous speculation (1825), in cotton and everything else : luckily perhaps, followed as it was byacommercial panic. About this time the exports from Bombay became considerable (v. E. I. C.’s Papers, p. 132), probably in con- sequence of the settled state of the interior. The experts from India generally began gradually to increase, but the price of cotton having sunk to under 6d. a pound in 1829, the imports of Indian cotton fell from 80,422 bales in that year to 35,212 bales in 1830. But as prices began to rise in 1829, so we find the imports beginning to increase, and amounting in 1832 to 109,285 bales. Butasthe rise in price in 1830 was immediately succeeded by afall, so the imports began to diminish, and amounted, in 1834, to only $8,122 bales. But in the year 1832, a gradual rise took place in the price of American cotton, and continued to increase until the year 1836, when the average price of Upland cotton was 10M. This rise, it is said, was caused by the operations of the bankers of the United States, for there was not at that time any falling off in the imports of American cotton; they were, in fact, nearly the same in 1836 as in 1835. Such a rise of price could not but be felt in India, and the imports of its cotton greatly increased, reaching in 1836 to 219,157 bales. The aggregate increase of the imports of cotton in the year 1836, amounting to 110,000 bales, were due almost entirely to India, as 100,000 bales of Indian cotton were imported in excess of what had been received in the year 1835. The transit duties were at this time abolished in the Bengal Presidency, and in the next year in the Bombay, but not till 1844 in the Madras 106 IACLIAN’B GUIDE TO BOMBAY. Presidency. The efieots of this measure might have been expected to have been felt in the increased exports of Indian cotton, but 1837 was a period of great commercial distress, and the price of the raw material fell one-third, to the great injury of the exporters. The imports in 1838 amounted only to 108,879 bales. The slight increase of price which took place in that year gave an impulse to the exports from India, which continued to be in increasing quantities, but would, probably, soon have decreased, had it not been for the seizure of opium in 1839, and the consequent Chinese war. This prevented the exports of Indian cotton to China ; and, therefore, that which had been brought from the interior was forwarded on to this country, augmenting the imports to nearly 275,000 bales, that is, higher than they had been in 1818, or indeed in any previous year ; but here we have large imports with low prices, and an exception to what we have hitherto found to be the case, that is, small imports with such prices. The depreciation of 1840 was caused by a combination of great distress in the manufacturing districts with the occurrence of the then largest crop of American cotton. Distress, and the closing of mills, with failures, continued through 1841; but Indian cottons were largely consumed, and in some instances machinery, it was said, was adapted to their use. They were also much employed for mixing with American cotton. In the year 1842, peace was concluded with China,_manufactures were reviving, with a still larger crop of American cotton. The increasing prosperity of manufacturers continued to 18435, when the largest American crop occurred. Prices became lower than they had ever been, and the average of that of Upland American cotton sunk to Hal. per 1b., and that of Indian to 3id., much of it being sold as low as 2kd., which was less than it cost the exporters in India. Hence the enormous falling off in the imports of Indian cotton : these amount- ed to only 94,643 bales in 1846, the year which the Bombay Com- mittee have particularly referred to. This was also the recom- mencement of difiiculties for manufacturers, because the crop of American cotton had fallen short by 600,000 bales. This, however, nuns AND INDUSTRY. 10'? caused an increase of price in the autumn of the year, which stimu- lated the markets at Bombay, and raised up the imports in 1847 to upwards of 220,000 bales, and still higher in the following year.” For the years 18L9-50 to 1875-76 inclusive we take the following figures, showing the growth of this branch of trade, from the Custom House Report for 1874-75 :— £ Average of five years 1849-60 to 1858-54 2,580,523 -—-_ 1854-55 to 1858-59 3,409 865 —— 1859~60 to 1863-64 14,846,698 _ 1864-65 to 1868-69 19,606,707 —-— 1869-70 to 1873-74: .... .. 412,465,485 13,022,248 ........ .. 1874-75 601,477,439 12,619,403 ........... .. 1875-76 402,058,264 9,906,630 The variations in the value of the cotton crop, shown by these figures, give, however, an inadequate ba'ghtfufiggzge Eggficgifiggz idea of the enormous amount of wealth 1961-65- poured into Bombay during the years 1861-65, when the cotton supply from American was out 01? by the Civil War. The exports of cotton from Bombay during those years were valued at 1861-62 .... .. 9,262,817 1862-63 14,834,640 1868-64 27,912,117 1864-65 30,310,482 1865-66 ........ .. 25,534,179 Yearly Average ..................................... ,. $21,582,847 As the cotton exported in the year 1859-60 was valued at only 5} millions, the total gain in the five years to Bombay was 81 millions sterling over and above what she had in former years considered a fair price for her cotton. But the valuation of cotton used to be taken very carelessly at the Bombay Custom House; and these figures rather represent what sanguine shippers expected to get than what they actually received. Allowing, however, a liberal margin for such errors, we may compute the clear addition to the actual wealth of Bombay at 70 to 75 millions sterling—a tolerany sub- stantial foundation for speculators to build upon. At first, specula- Speculation in Bombay, tion was confined to ventures in cotton 1361-65- and piece-goods; but as the money made in this way accumulated, and adventurers from all 108 IACLEAN’S GUIDE TO some“. parts were attracted to Bombay—like the vultures to their prey—all sorts of ingenious schemes were devised for put- ting the newly acquired wealth to use. The passion for specula- tion is a contagious disease, and spreads like wildfire as soon as a few brilliant examples are on record to show with what ease fortunes may be won by other means than the slow exercise of honest industry. It was not, however, till 1864 that the whole community of Bombay, from the highest English oflicial to the lowest native broker, became utterly demoralized, and, abandoning business, gave themselves up to the delusion that they could all succeed in making fortunes on the Stock Exchange. Up to the end of 1863, almost the only new form of enterprise brought before the public had been the crea- tion of joint-stock banks. The old system of houses of agency had, with the progress of commerce, long been replaced by banks. The Bank of Bombay was started in 1840; the Oriental Banking Cor. poration established a branch here in 18%; and the Commercial Bank, the Chartered Mercantile, the Agra and United Service, and the Chartered, had all gained an assured position in Bombay before 1860. In that year the Central Bank of Western India was added to the list ; and then there was a pause till 1863, when the Joint Stoc (afterwards the Asiatic) Bank, the Royal Bank, and the Bank of India, were all brought into existence, and their shares greedily bought up at high premiums. In the same year the Bombay Shipping and Iron Shipping Companies were started to make Bombay merchants independent of English ship-owners, and the shares of the former company went immediately to nearly 200 per cent. premium and were maintained at that rate, the promoters being men who were reputed to have made millions in cotton, and who had already secured public confidence by the success with which they had launched the Asiatic Bank. Then came the year 1864, and the prospect of the conclusion of the American war seemed, thanks to the genius of Lee and the stubborn valour of his soldiers, to be further 05 than ever. No bounds, therefore, it was J amt-stock Banks. Shipping Companies. TRADE AND mnns'rar. 109 assumed, could be set to the flowing tide of Bombay’s prosperity, and every one hastened to plunge in and let himself be borne upwards by it to fame and fortune. It is literally the case that in 1864 banks were brought out by the dozen, and Financial Associations, a. new engine for the promotion of speculation, by the score, The first, afterwards known as “ the old" Financial Associa- tion, to distinguish it from its imitators, came out in June, and had its shares run up to nearly 100 per cent. premium on the nominal capital of Rs. 400 per share, while only Rs. 100 had been paid up and no business done. The lucky receiver of an~original allotment could therefore make about £40 on each £10 share without putting himself to any immediate trouble beyond that of signing his name. It is needless to say that there wasa frantic rush for shares ; and that soon the newspapers were crammed with announcements of new Financial Associations. But all other speculation was dwarfed by the magnitude of the Back Bay Recla. mation project, which was designed to provide in the first place the land on the shore of Back Bay, along which the B. B. and C. I. Railway now runs, and afterwards, to use the residue of the ground, the Company had permission to reclaim up to a certain line from the sea, for the purpose of providing sites for marine residences and what not. The value of land had been trebled and quadrupled in Bombay ; the population was every day increasing in numbers, and as the available space within the island was very small, every addi. tional foot tacked on seemed likely to be worth its weight in gold. Fierce opposition was made to the grant to a private company of so valuables. concession; and the Bombay Government, which had determined to make something for itself out of the rage for specula- tion by taking a number of Back Bay shares, was compelled by the Government of India to abandon such a partnership. The astute promoters of the Company then sold these shares by public auction; the brokers ran them up to Rs. 25,000 a share on Rs. 4,000 paid up, or more than 600 per cent., and this sale may be said .to have sent the city quite mad. Perhaps the most suggestive commentary that Financial Associations. Land Companies. 110 HACLEAN’S some 'ro sonar. can be given on the folly of the times is supplied by the following share list, dated December 31, 1861 :— BAN KS. Subscrib-INoml', Paid ' Divi- ,, -. edOapital $3,110 up. ldend. Namea- "' b“ - o i \‘;I‘ 8 Ra Ra lpr. ct. ' l ‘3! 3,000,000, {1238 } 250 18 'Agra Bank ............ ...... lea-pimp”, 600,000 250‘ 125' Alliance Bank ............................... .. 38 p. ct. pm; 500,000, 200, 200 Asiatic Bank Corporation ............. .. 165 p. ct. pm- 2,140’()()() 8,000, 3,000 20 Bank of Bengal ............................ .. 16,000p.,s. 11- 1,000,000 250' 175, 8 ,Bank of India ............................... .. 54 ~' _ 1,045,le 1,000 1,000, 8 Bombay Bank ............................... .. 750,000 250i 100. ‘Bombay City Bank ...................... .. 1,000,000 2501 150‘ Bombay Presidency Bank ............. .. ' ~ ' V , 200 200‘ Bombay Trading and Banking As- '. i sociation (Limited) ................... .. -~; " 2,000,000 100 100. Brokers’ Banking Company .......... .. 1,000,000 250 250} 6 Central Bank ............................... .. 60 rict.pm. 800, 200 200 15 Chartered Bank of India, Australia [incgudgmsh and China ............................... .. 120pr.ct.pm. 800,000 200 251 China Bank ......... ....................... .. It8pr.ct-pm. 750,000 250 250 20 Chartered Mercantile Bank of India, London and China ................... .. 100 ex. div. 1,000,000 1,000 500 18 Commercial Bank ......................... .. I25 ex. div. 1,600,000 200 7} rComptoir d’ Escompte de Paris .... .. 100p.ct.pm.n. 260,000 500 9 {Delhi Bank Corporation ................ .. 50 pm. 11. 625,000 250 |East Indian Bank ......................... .. 22 p. ct. pm. 200,000 200 100 East India Trading and Banking Corporation ............................... .. 24p. ct. pm. 4,000,000 1,000 250 10 Hindustan, China and Japan Bank.. 5p. ct. pm. 600, 250 100 Imperial Banking and Trading 00.. 30p. ct. pm. 500,000 200 200 Indian Peninsula London and China Bank ........................................ .. 20pr. ct. pm. 200,000 20 London and Bombay Bank .......... .. 5 dis. 3,750,000 1,000 1,000 12 Madras Bank .......... ................ .. 127pr.ct.pm. 1,500,000 250 250 16 Oriental Bank Corporation .......... .. 170pr.ct. pm. 600,000 200 200 .. Royal Bank of India ................... .. 44 ex. div. 760,000 .. Scinde, Punjaub, and Delhi Bank 30p. ct. pm. LAND COMPANIES. 1,000,000 10,0001 5,000 Back Bay Reclamation Company ...~B 46,000 per 7 [share pm. 10,000 12,000 Colaba Land Company ................ .. 90,000 pm. p. Elphinstone Land and Press Com- [whole 8. pany tf‘lllflirnited ..... . .............. .. 1000 3,600 1y pai ups es .......... .. 12.100900 540’000 1’000 850 } 808 { 1,800 not fully paid up shares .... .. p. pm. '“ 1,500 2 Frere Press Company’s shares, 2,000,000 10,000? 4,000 Frere Land Company ................... .. Rs 5,400 pm. 110,000 2,000 900 House and Land Investment Co .... .. 200 pm. 1,000,000 5,000 3,000 Mazagon Land and Reclamation Company .................................. .. Rs 8,000 pm. 150,000 6,000 4,000 170 Victoria Land and Press Company..i546,500 pm. TRADE AND INDUSTRY. 111 FINANCIAL ASSOCIATIONS. 1N°m1' Paid Divi- Subscrib- n ed Capital value up. demL Names. Rates. of sh. £ 1 Rs. ; Rs. pr. eta I 1,000,000 4007; 100 [Alliance Financial ...................... ..,53 p. ct. pm. 1,000,000} 400‘ 50‘ iAsiatic Financial ......................... ..%32 p. ct. pm. 450, 300! 25 Bombay Finance Corporation ....... "1241 p. ct. pm. 750,000 3001 100 Bombay G1. Crt. & F. Corporation... 6 p. ct. pm. 600,000, 300i 200 iBoinony Joint Stock Corporation 4.5 p. ct. pm. 1,000,000I 400' 50 Eastern Financial Association ....... .. 71 p. ct. pm. 1,000,000. 4100) 50‘ Elphinstone Financial ................... "114, p. ct. pm. 1,200,000 400, 100 Financial A. of India and Ch. ....... “‘76 p. ct. pm. 1,200,000 400' 100 Do. New Capital ................ .112 p. ct. pm. 1,000,000l 5001 100 ,Grand Finance Company ............. "‘12- do. 1,000,000., 5001 50 1nternational Financial Company 5 to 6 do. 640,0001 400k 50 National Financial ...................... .. 5 t0 67p.ct.pm 1,000,000| 400! 1 1Mercantile Credit Financial .......... .. 10 p. ct. pm. i 400‘ 50 iniental Financial Association ....... .. 17 p. ct. pm. 1,200,000 400‘ 100 Union Financial ......................... .. 9 p. ct. pm. 800,0001 400} 60 Universal Bank and Financial Cor- l poration Limited ...................... .415 p. ct. pm. PRESS COMPANIES. pr. s. 11,000 1,800iApollo Press Company .. . ...... .. {531,000 p. s. .. 2,700 300Colaba Press Company ............. .. Rs 6,000 p. B. 937,500 6,250 5,750 850 Fort Press Company ................... .. 103145750 p. s. 400,000. 2,000 4,000 350 Hydraulic Press Company ....... .. Rs 3,000 pm. 80,000l 2,000 1,600I lBombay Press Company ............ .. Rs 2,300 pm. . 1,500 Framjee Cowasjee Patent Press Co. Rs 2,200 pm. [nominaL 20,000! 2,000 750 .. Scind Press C0.Limited (Kurrachee Rs 300 pm. 75,000 3,000 500 . Alexandra Press Company Limits (Madras), .................................. .. Par. Nominal 70,000 2,000 105 East India Press Company .. Par 45,000 2,000 500 Victoria Press Co. Limited (Madras 25 rem. 40,000 3,000 1,000 Albert Press Company (Limited nominal. Kurrachee .......... .. 500 m. sh. 650 Deccan Cotton Cleaning and Press nominal. Company (Limited 150 pm. sh. 100,000 100 10 Locomotive Cotton ress Company .~ --~.. ....o-oln o o - o o o a "nu-n 0" 100,000 4,000 .. Scott Press Company ...l ....... .... .. 300,000 1,000 225 .. Mot‘ussil Press and Ginning Co. .. 30,000. 2,500 1,600 .. Prince of Wales Press Company...... Rs 1,000 pm . RAILWAY COMPANIES. lpr. ct. . 218 . I. P. Railway Company Con- [discount. , solidated Stock ................ .. Rs 10 . cent. ,, .. 130 2} Do. New £20 Shares .................. .. Rs5 count. .. 1,000 2} B. B. 8:. C. I. Railer Co Par. 112 uAchN‘s onion TO Bonn“. SHIPPING COMPANIES. INomi Snbscr' -, ' Paid Divi- od Capital (39:11: up. dend Names' mm 1 . 2 Ra Ra pr. 5. BOO/‘00 5, 0“! 3,000 Bombay Shipping Company ....... .. 41,000 pm 280,000 2,500 2,000 20 Bombay Coast and River S. Navigm 1 tion Company ......................... .. Rai600pmv a. 80,000 1,000 1,000 Bombay Landing and Shipping Company Limited ...................... .. RzZEOpm. s. 900,000 5,000 1,500 Bombay and Bengal Steam Ship Co. Rs 900 pm. 250,000 5,000‘ 2,500 Iron Ship Com any Limited .......... .. Rs 200 dis. I 750 Oriental wning Association... Rs 25 pm. 160,000 4,000, 2,500 Prince of ales Ship Company .... .. R: 400 die. 150,000 500 500 Viegns Patent Shi and Foundry Company Limite ...................... .. Par. .. .. 1,000 Union Sniping Company Limited. Par. ... ... , 1,000 Western India Ship Company... .. Pat. SPINNING AND WEAVING COMPANIES. 1 pr. 5.1 125,000 2,500 2,500L 15 “Alliance Spinning Company L11"! 20,000 2,000 2,000 IArkwrighb Coan Mill Company Par nml. 55,000 1,300, 5,500,700 Bombay Spinning and Weaving Co. Rs 1,300 pm. 150,000 2,0001 1,750, Great Eastern Spinning and. WeaVy ' [ ing Company ........................... 150 pm. 250,000 1,000, 1,000 Manockjee Patty’s Spinning and i ‘ Vl’eaving Company .... ., Rs 150 prom. 300,000 2,825‘ 2,500 150 Oriental Spinning a ‘ 1 Company. ....... .. R: 400 prom. 160,000 2,500 2,300 Royal Spinul 7 Com-\ I pany Limited ...................... .. . Rs 200 prem. 27,600 5,000 5,000 400 Victoria Spinning Company Limited. Rs 2,500 pm. 160,000 5,000‘ 5,000 6p,ct. Coorla Spinning and Weaving Com-‘ | I pany Limited ............................ .. Rs 600 nml. 900,000 1,000 1,000 12 Bombay Unibed Spinning and l I Weaving Company ................... .. 11?: 250 pm- MISCELLANEOUS. Ra ( Ba ipr. 5. 80,000 500 800 Bombay Contract and Building ‘ Comgginiry .................................. .. 20prem. 80,000 2,000., 900 Bonde arehonse Com any. 200 die. 100,000 500 250 12,Treaeher and Company Limited) Par. .. I 250 Goa Cofl‘ee Company Nominal. 150,000 50‘, 50, Bombay Gas Company . 8 p. 05. pm. 11. 55,000 1,000, 50 East India Cotton Agency) Par. 45,000 200, 100 Khandeish Farming Company .... .. Par. 250,000 500‘ 100 United Mercantile Trading Com- ‘ pany (Limited ......................... .. 1 p. ct. dil- 8,500 350 200 Bombay Oil Works C o m p a n y l Limited ................. .. 80.000 1,000i 500 ... Vigoria dPatonfi B imite .. _, It W111 be observed that this list contains the names of several rams no) mnusrnr. 113 Land Companies besides the original Back Bay one. One fool had made many. The temptation of getting 600 per cent. on one's money was too great to be resisted. Were there not other sites as valuable as the barren sands of Back Bay P Were there not the Flats to be filled up and built over, the pleasant slopes of Trombay to be covered with country houses, which the wearied speculators of Bombay might retire to every evening by means of a branch railway crossing reclaimed ground at the northern end of the harbour ? Were there not banks of mud at Mazagon and Sewree which could be converted into docks and wharves to accommodate the ever-expand- ing trade of the greatest port in Asia P The Government of Bombay, not thinking what fortunes it wrecked and what lives it made miserable, and only eager to get money for the prosecution of its own public works, added fuel to the fire by inciting projectors of new schemes to buy land belonging to the State at fabulous and ridiculous prices ; and there was always a Financial Association ready to back up any scheme, however outrageous, and so to per- suade the public that it was employing its capital profitably. To crown all, when Bombay and the islands in the harbour had been exhausted, and even the most keen-eyed speculath might have looked in vain for a square foot of muddy foreshore not yet appropriated by a. local land company, a new plague fell upon the city in the shape of an importation from Calcutta of some public-spirited promoters who were anxious to point out to Bombay capitalists what a splendid field for investment was ofiered to them by the swamp known as Port Canning, near Calcutta. The bait took, and early in 1865 the Port Canning Com. pany appeared before the public with a list of influential Directors that was alone sufiicient to send the shares up to several hundred per cent. premium. This was the climax. It was impossible to surpass the Port Canning Company ; and in the spring of 1866 a sudden end was put to further speculation by a telegram announc. End of the American WM ing the surrender of Lee’s army and (1865), and Collapse of Specu- the termination of the war in America. lationm3°mbay (1865'66)- Now came the reaction. The price of Dhollera cotton in the Liverpool market, which at the 8 114 MACLEAN’s cums To some“. beginning of the year had been 19M. a pound, fell to 11d. before the end of April; and as it was evident that in the natural course of things there must be a further heavy fall, the prices of all secu- rities gave way in sympathy with cotton. Men who had been trading or speculating beyond their means found themselves unable to meet their engagements;a leading firm of Parsee merchants set the example of failing for three millions; and a panic ensued which baffles description. Every one soon discovered that the nominal capital of the numerous companies in existence only represented so much paper money; that a few shrewd men had first started banks and run up the shares to a premium, and then obligingly started financials to lend money to other people to buy these shares from them. The banks, again, had been able to do no business beyond advancing money on the shares of Land Companies brought into being by the Financial Associations ; and so the whole show of wealth of these various establishments had depended on nothing but dealing in one another’s shares. When the crash came, there was nothing but paper to meet it, and the whole elaborate edifice of speculation toppled down likea house of cards. Men had been playing with counters, not using real money. The shares of land companies might have been supposed to represent valuable property ; but the fall in cotton was followed by a depreciation in land which brought down shares from 500 or 600 per cent. premium to a discount. The scales fell from the eyes of the community, and they saw the worth- lessness of the properties they had bought under the influence of a. strong delusion. Awild rally made at the end of 1865, when the price of cotton was temporarily forced up again—reaching, in December, 17%11. apound,-—-was quickly followed by a relapse, and by the terrible commercial crisis of the spring of 1866 in Eng. land; and then the panic at Bombay set in with renewed intensity. Finally, the master-spirits of the speculative era. were themselves pressed hard, and, in their ruin, they brought down institutions whose credit had been esteemed beyond suspicIon. Before the end of 1866, every one of the Financial mos so mmus'rsr. 115 Associations quoted in our list had failed and gone into liqui- dation; all the Banks, with the exception of the Oriental, the Chartered Mercantile, the Chartered, the French Bank, and one or two others which had not their head-quarters in Bombay, had also been swept out of existence ; and not a Land Company remained that was not insolvent, with the exception of the old Colaba Company and the Elphinstone. The latter had done good work, and possessed a valuable property ; and it was able to keep on its way for some years, till a sympathizing Government relieved it of anxiety by ldndly buying all its shares at par. The collapse of the Bank of Bombay created much scandal in India and in England ; and the causes of it were investigated by a Royal Commission and discussed two or three times in Parliament, but with no result. It might be easy to fix blame on individuals, but what satisfaction is there in that P There have been commercial panics elsewhere; but probably no com- munity ever went so entirely mad as Bombay did in 1864; and for the last ten years the Europeans and natives who went through that experience have had too much to do in compromising or trying to pay their debts, to waste time in recriminations. It is pitiful to think of the blighted careers, the lives once full of promise, but now condemned toa hopeless and degrading bondage, which must date their ruin from that fatal year, 1865 ; but \ hat puzzles the critic of the commercial transactions of those times is to guess where all the money went to. Seventy millions came into Bombay ; and what became of it? Some Euro- peans went home with large fortunes—Government servants who, when they were forbidden to speculate, winked as they put the price of their Back Bay shares in their pockets and engaged passage; to England by the next mail steamer, and afew adventurers who, having had painful experience of financial crises in other parts of the world, had the sense to realize their gains, and retire in time from Bombay. Again, the increased prices of imports, specially of cotton manufactures, during the years 1861-65 Fook away no inconsiderable proportion of the gains made in, the export trade. Probably, too, about six millions sterling in 116 IACLEAN’B coma T0 BOMBAY. all may have been spent on reclamations in Bombay which have at all events made the island larger and more wholesome. Nor should it be forgotten that the splendour of the public buildings and useful and benevolent institutions of new Bombay is due to the munificence of the speculators of 1861-65. But an immense amount of money remains, which must have gone up-country or into the hands of a new class of traders who do not come forward prominently in public life. It is plain that the panic of 1865-66 has done no permanent injury Traded Bombay notpemm to the trade of Bombay ; for a glance nenfly mil-11911 by Pflnic 01' at the figures already quoted will show 1865'66‘ that comparing the year 1861-62, the first of the American war, with the year 1874-7 5, the quantity of cotton exported has increased from 34 to 50 million pounds, and the value in nearly the same proportion from 9% to 12% millions sterling. Compared with years preceding the war, 1874-75 shows an immense stride in advance.‘ The export of cotton manufactures from India to England began to decline towards the close of last century, and became quite insigni- ficant soon after the beginning of this century. About the same time (1813) that the ports of India were thrown open to English merchant adventurers, protective duties of 70 and 80 per cent. were imposed in Great Britain on cotton and silk manufactures from India, and some kinds of these goods were absolutely excluded. “ Had this not been the case," says Wilson, “ had not such prohibitory duties and decrees existed, the mills of Paisley and of Manches- ter would have been stopped in their outset, and could scarcely have been again set in motion, even by the power of steam, for the cotton and silk goods of India up to this period could be sold for a profit in the British market at a. price from 50 to 60 per cent. lower than those fabricated in England. The Indian mills were created, therefore, The Trade in Piece-goods. Free Trade for England only. 1 The figures for 1875-76, however (see pave 106), show a considerable falling 06‘ in the quantity and value of the cotton exported, as compared with those for 1874-75. TRADE AND mnusrnr. 117 by the sacrifice of the Indian manufacture.” This is going a little too far. England had other markets to look to besides India. She could have got raw cotton from America and manufactured cheap goods for all the world except India ; and, if the Indian manufactures had really been so much cheaper than those she could produce, they would never have been displaced in the Indian markets by English piece-goods. The dificrence of “ 50 to 60 per cent.” in price must refer to a period anterior to the wonderful change caused by the improvement of machinery in England. Professor Wilson cannot be familiar with the magnitude of that change, or he would not suppose that free trade could ever have enabled hand-made cotton goods to compete successfully with goods made by machinery. English calico became so plentiful and good, besides being extremely cheap, that it superseded silk, and so ruined the weavers of Spitalfields as well as those of Bengal. Macpherson, in his Annals of Commerce, says :—-“ The manufacture of calicoes, which was begun in Lancashire in the year 1772, was now (1785) pretty gene- rally established in several parts of England and Scotland. The manufacture of muslins was begun in the year 1781, and was rapidly increasing. In the year 1783, there were above a thousand looms set up in Glasgow for that most beneficial article, in which the skill and labour of the mechanic raise the raw material to twenty times the value it was of when imported. Bengal, which for some thou. sands of years stood unequalled in the fabric of muslins, figured calicoes, and other fine cotton goods, is rivalled in several parts of Great Britain. The rapid increase in the number of spinning engines, which took place in consequence of the expiration of Arkwright’s patent, forms a new era, not only in manufactures and commerce, but also in the dress of both sexes. Formerly, a handsome cotton gown was not attainable by women in humble circumstances ; and thence the cottons were mixed with linen yarn to reduce their price. But now cotton yarn is cheaper than linen yarn, and cotton goods are very much used in place of cambrics, lawns, and other expensive fabrics of flax ; and they have almost totally superseded the silks. Women of all ranks, from the highest to the lowest, are 118 Iscnmn’s euro: 10 BOMBAY. clothed in British manufactures of cotton, from the muslin cap on the top of the head to the cotton stocking under the sole of the foot." It was some time, however, before British manufactures began to supplant the manufactures of India in their own home. Lord Castlereagh stated, in the debates of 1813, that in the last twenty years the export of cotton manufactures to India had increased from £2,000 to £108,000, and was clearly a growing trade. Mr, Sullivan said, about the same time, that the average export of menu- factured cottons from 1792 to 1796 was £730, whilst between 1807 and 1811 it was £96,980. From these small beginnings the trade grew to its present vast dimensions. The following retrospective glance at the import trade in piece-goods and yarn since 184-91s quoted from the valuable report of the Bombay Chamber of Commerce for 1874 :— : Pixel-scone. Yuma. ; F" Bombay. Calcutta. Madras. Bombay. Calcutta. Madras. Yards. Yards. Yards lbs. lbs. lbs. 1849. .. 120,392,330 132,889,901 .... .. 5,438,155 16,079,246‘ .. 1850... 105,422,734 153,627,635 5,228,97 4,374,699 13,076,530 1,289,835 1851... 116,351,747 213,757,342 3,712,7 6,384,321 18,281,592 1,289,835 1852. .. 113,567,856 163,851,027 3,731,934 5,681,870 13,946,539 1 ,503,000 1853. .. 130,838,032 172,095,876 8,038,050 6,849,463 15,350,537 2,068,994 111.54... 192,200,419 271,208,527 8,695,0 7,868,093 15,650,107. 1,946,584 1855. .. 126,193,027 256,069,194 6,542,924 7,447,529 16,901,310%. 2,107,969 1856... 130,459,853 275,016,345 4,517,561 4,559,670 15,124,557 1,923,999 1857... 137,781,636 236,190,273 9,375,347 2,839,644 10,891,863 2,370,741 1858... 281,836,364 416,362,074 15,431,647 8,744,517 18,369,490 4,036,325 1859. .. 307,080,509 520,899,016 20,425,632 12,899,875 20,043,485‘ 5,741,441 1880... 287,443,986 403,351,123 20,648,072 4,571,134 16,641,847}, 5,656,930 1861... 272,573,T 17 418,671,687 14,628,188 5,578,828 13,933,256i 8,694,955 >‘____-——c- —-—~_.- mm m mnusmr. 119 PIBCB'GOODS. Yuma. Bombay. Calcutta. Madras. Bombay. Calcutta. Madras. Yards. Yards. Yards. lbs. lbs. lbs. 1862... 178,803,604 295,508,637 9,748,115 4,811,381- 9,594,896 1,675,289 1863... 232,321,038 234,615, 16 16,352,677 5,591,995 10,394,931 3,702,562 1864... 189,812,984 223,036,538 14,787,062 4,268,662 8,742,699 3,447,635 1865... 175,486,677 3|9,017,054 17,291,103 4,073,811 6,981,809 2,232,948 1886. .. 243,476,368 5' 5 l ,’ 72,331] 22,081,803 6,877,968 10,795,517 4,629 986 1867... 316,784,109 528,111 4,956 23,258,498 6,568,649 13,006,019 41,684,638 1868... 355,337,050 619,101,683 31,793,397 7,7s0,303 13,136,453 6,873,396 1869... 296,758,130 518.41,:410 29,683,469 7,931,919 11,858,210 7,773,638 1870... 272,898,226 687,639,011 45,750,099 9,946,299 16,816,936 8,649,598 1871... 305,4I6,253 081,026,1671 47,561,133 6,097,531 12,011,s4a 6,876,841 1872... 262,519,273 657,123,291 43,177,871 6,163,813 11,490,636 8 1873... 349,031,830, 661,981,114 57,666,809 8,667,090 11,192,248 8, 18,841 The Chamber remarks concerning this table that “ had the annual progressive increase to Bombay, Calcutta, and Madras continued, the imports to the three Presidencies would in 1873 have stood thus :—Bombay 1,166,989,969, Calcutta 2,482,192,622, and Madras 246,087,346 yards of Piece-goods, and Bombay 23,727,039, Calcutta 26,856,319, and Madras 42,041,133 lbs. of Yarns, instead of Bombay 349,031,830, Calcutta 664,987,114, and Madras 57,666,809 yards of Piece-goods, and Bombay 8,667,090, Calcutta 11,192,218, and Madras 8,918,841 lbs. of yarns, respective- 1y.”1 What, then, is the cause of the check that has been given to _ the natural increase of this branch of ‘ comm ms at Bombay. trade in a country in which the facilities for reaching up-country markets are a thousand times greater than they were twenty-five years ago? It is the introduction at Bombay of the system of manufacturing cotton goods and yarn by machiner instead of by hand that has arrested the development of the English import trade. Bombay has begun, in fact, to fight Manchester with her own weapons; and the contest is alreadya serious one. The Bombay Spinning Company started :1. Mill at Bom. bay in 1854, and the following tables show the progress made by this industry during the last twenty-two years :-—- . 1 In the year 1875-76 the quantity of Twist and Yarn imported into Bombay was on 1y 7,293,637 lbs., showing the progressive decay 1n this branch of trade. The demand for piece-goods, on the other hand, 18 well maintained. 02! "VERDE OJ- IGIIIB 8,5IY3'IOVII MILLS IN BOLEBAY. STATEMENT showing the Number of Spindles and Looms, and the Approm'mte Total Daily Produc- tlon of Yarns, (say) averaging 20s, by the Local Mills, and the Proportion used in making Cloth. Contemplath 6.; _ Ym‘ Extension. - Dnteof . a 2d vol-9.; 'Iw ' Names of local Mills. formation. 011mm, "2. g 215's; :3? £155 g? m 53 3‘1"?“ 5 .510 av D Sol 52 a ,3 a ‘ ID | ID 10 Albert Hills 00., Ld. ................ .. Kay 11 1865 .... .. 8,00,000 19,000‘None 4,500, None 4,500 AlexandraSpin.&Wes,vingCo.Ld.Oct. 9 1868 .... .. 9,00,000 15,632, 200 4,000, 8,000 1,000 10,000 150 Alliance Spin. &Wea.ving 00., Ld. Jan. 10 1857 .... .. 12,50,000 22,000 None 5,100 None 5,100 5,000 200 Arkwright Spinning 00 ........... .. Foundation 1mm | 1861 ................ .. 1,411,000 5,000 None 1,200 None 1,200 Bombay Spin. & Weaving 00., Ld. Date of lease Nov. 3, 1855; erection begun in 1854... 5,50,000 29,000 None 5,100 None 5,100l Bombay United Spin. 8: Weaving Co., Ld .................. u Feb. 21 1860 9,00, 21,000 351 5,300 3,800 2,000 ... ... Fleming Spin. éWeav ., d,Aug. 8 1860 .... .. 18,75,000 35,300 748 8,000 6,000 2,000 . New Dhurnmsey PoonjnbhoySpin. o Weaving 00.111. ................ .. Aug. 1 1860 6000.000 90,000 1,002 15,000 9,000 6.00 15,000 200 .JewrajBalloo Spin &Wea.v.Co.,Ld. Dec. 28 1872 7,50,000 22,500 None 5,000 None 5, .. 200 New Great Eastern Spin. and Weaving 00.,Ld ................... .. 86115.17 1860 .... .. 15,00,000 80,488 608 7,500 5,500 2, 55 Ioraxjee Gocnldass Spin. and Weaving 00., Ld....“ . .. Aug.101871 12,00,000 26,000 275 6,000 3,000 3,000 5,000 130 'Orientallpin. kWeaving 00.. Ld. Sept. 19 1855 25,00,000 51,000 920 11,500 9,500 2,000 20,000 300 Bunderdas Spin 8; Weaving Mills 00., Ld ................................. ._ Feb. 5 1872 .... .. 10,00,000 21,0011» None 5,000 None 5,000 .. 150 Victoria Manufacturing 00., llar. 22 1800 .... .. 6,00,000 3,250 None 3,250 Hindustanflpin.&Waa ' 00.,LdAug. 271873 . .. 1 00,000" 2:1 ’00 None 4,500 None 4,500 .. 225 Manockq'aa PetitSpin.k eav. Oo.June 17 1861 \ 8,000 6,000 Tom 47,300 57,650 55,000] 1,610 m, ' . --_-- *’\_ '1 _~ _ w; i TRADE AND INDUSTRY. 121 03 go-m songna 'mm . . . . - _ . v . _ . . . . . . ~ . I I . . . . - Z 83 8e 8% Q8 80.2 08.3,“ ............. ..22 2 <52 ............... .60 mi EBB e cashew seaweed“ .Esefiak. 08 quz afloz CoonNH OSes-w .....-:..-:-. N ¢anw0m . ‘ . - - s . - I . . I. I . . - . v . - I . v . I - . - . #1....oo emoam was 2?: amugonfl .aaaassigm 85 83 8a“ an" End" 98.36 ..... =85 ssfiem page" esomEN 8a..” 23 enez as; 982 8% 08.3“ 222 a bee. . .3. $6 $9 e83 SN Sea 83 052 Sea Q82 8m a cage 5822 as: . .5 .8 25a £85 .fioeesm i a ........... ........................... .. miss? e mishaw i sth .“Esm. Shaw g ognsnw . _ . . 2:11... H ->°z . . . i . . . . . i . . . . > . . . . . . . . . . . . . i I 2100 . . a easesawsesfiem 83 0% N 8a.“. 8“ 08.8 » ngoemwso“ .... we: 2 a5 .16 miss? . . ens asaflem Bagged mg mg m»: w .Qeaewwfifivs , I S W. V H POL momwomaqmowmw we a m Je 1e .mii m. m" r . o..d . m. . m .uofiesifi .mefimeoofl s m w w m . qmm um mfloofl W 1a: e0 we 35H one 252 “0 moaez floamnwanfl co . AEEEEQQO snow 5:30 menace: 5 new: :Staesm 23 was 283.52% 3.25 eageeseaws 2: wee EESH .NNHZDOO‘HD mg: 5.55805? egg Re ”wow. manageaer gem.» .mssek .9 es seesaw e saga 2: sass: azgmawam. 122 MACLEAN’s 0mm: 'ro BOMBAY. New Mills in contemplation and in course of completion at Bombay. l D f g g is as Names of Mills. Forggt?on. Capital 5'32 ' 5'5 Q Remus. z 0% z 5 Shamjee Jadowjee’s Hill Foundation laid‘ i l in 1872 .. 8,00,000 20,000, Working. National S. and W. Go... February 5 1874. 6,00,000 17,000y Do. Colaba Land( ‘0.’s Cotton ‘ 8am! W. Hill . . . . . . . . . ..'July 1 1874 10,00,000 25,000'. 300 D0. ColabaS. & W. 00., Ld.. July 9 1873 9.001101% 35,000 300 Do. Sassoon’s S. & W. Go. March 6 1874 15,00,000 50,200 750 About I commence Nicol Press and Mann-i ' working. facturing Co. .......... ..‘October 251873. 12,00,000} 21,500 None Working. Khatao S. 8: \V. C0. October 19 1874. 10,00,000 30,000, 300 D0. Prince ofWalcs S. & W. i (‘0 ............... .. July 14 1874' .... .. 7,50,000 20,000 200 Do. Mandvi 8 & W. Go ..... ..'=July 291874 .. 6,011,000 25,000l None D0. (Yoorla s. & W. Go July 141m. .. . 8,00,000 25,000: 300 Do. Hazagon s. & W. Go. .. August 201874"! 10,00,000 30,000 300 D0. Manchester & Bombay ' S. 8: M. 00., Ld..... .. .... .. 10,00,000} 1 Anglo-IndianS.&: M.Co.gNov.41874 L 30,00,000 L Totali ............ .. Rs....1,40,50,m>0 3,123,700, 2,650 New Mills in contemplation and in course of completion top-country. i Names ofMillsand Date of . Spin- Localities. Formation. ‘caplml’ (1188. Looms' REMARKS“ Surat. Goolam Babe. 8. &W. 00., Ld ............................... .. May 14 1874 .... ..‘ 6,00,000 20,000 100 Working. Madras. Madras 8. & W. 00., Ld ...‘Aug. 18 1873 3,75,000 15,000 None D0. Madras United 8. & W. Go, a Ld. ......................... .. Dec. 22 1873...... 3,50,000 12,000 Do. Sholapore Sholaporc S. & W. Go ..... .. Dec. 10 1874 .... .. 5,00,000 Hydrabad (Deccan.) Hydrabad (Deccan) S. 8: W. Go ............... .. Feb. 25 1875 .... 7,00,000 20,000 125 Nagporc. Central Inélia &.W. Go . Sept. 5 1874... 12,50,000 30,000 500 1 67'10 . Neriad S. and W. Go. .... .. October 24 1874.‘\ 4,00,000 10,000 None Working. Total . . Rs... 41,75,000 1,07,001 725 TRADE AND INDUSTRY. 123 All Bombay mills, with perhaps hardly any exception, have been formed on joint-stock principles and TheManagement and Work- . . mg 01 Indian Cotton Mini conducted under the prowswns of the Companies’ Act of 1866. They are managed by a chairman and board of six to eight directors, with the assistance of a secretary or firm of “ agents.” The “ agents" get one-quarter anna per pound on all cotton manufactured at the mills as a bonus for having started them i The duties of the secretary are to conduct correspondence, supervise the office and mill establish- ments; in fact, he may be said to conduct the administrative portion of the company’s work, of course under the order of a Board of Directors. The “Agents” purchase cotton, coal, stores, &c., and effect sales of yarns and cloths. These may be considered as the executive oflEicers of the company. In many a company the duties are often combined, so that the firm of Agents are also Secretaries and Treasurers and wield more or less power according to certain documentary agreements. The mill is conducted almost everywhere under the immediate supervision of skilled European mechanics. There is a manager, aweaving master, a spinning and cording master, and an engineer. Sometimes the mill manager understands both the work of an engineer and spinning or weaving master. In such cases the company employ- ing such a man saves a few hundred rupees a. month. These English skilled workmen are all engaged in England by the machine manufacturers, such as Messrs. Hicks Hargreaves and Co. or Platt Brothers and Co. Their term of engagement is for two or three years, after which it is renewed at the option of the owners or masters. Their respective salaries range from 300 to 500 rupees a month. In some mills competent natives now occupy the position of managers. The mill- owners are now alive to the importance of having skilled native artisans, and therefore at every mill may now be found some young man working out his apprenticeship in the various departments. But the day is still distant when it will be possible for a Bombay mill to be worked by native skill alone. An experienced manager of 12A ncum's coma T0 sons“. one of the largest mills estimates the cost of production, so far as the price of labour enters into it, as not less in India than in England; for, although the Indian work-people get lower wages, they cannot do the work of English or American factory hands. It is especially worthy of note that the Indian operatives are found wanting in exactness and power of sustained and concentrated Work. Amiddle-sized mill, say of fifteen lakhs, having 30,000 spindles and 600 looms, employs on an average 1,000 people,‘ whereof 100 or thereabonts are boys and girls, 100 women and 800 male adults. The hours of work are from 6 s. m. to 6 am, with an hour for recess in the middle of the day for meals and smoking: nearly every mill has a smoking-shed. Fresh Vehar-water is freely sup- plied to all operatives, and generally they are all well cared for, much better than workpeople employed in other industries in Bombay. Perhaps it is not known that in the various backslums of Bombay there are large warehouses for wool, cofiee, rice anda hundred articles, inclusive of leather. These are generally ill ventilated, the square room of space for each to work is crammed;the light is not enough, and the hours of work as many as twelve to fourteen with but little recess. The average wages earned by the various cotton mill operatives are as follows :— For each boy or girl 5 Rupees. For ,, female ........ . . ... . 8 ,, For ,, male ............................ .. 16 ,, It must be said here that the work of the boys and girls is very light, such as removing full bobbins and replacing them by empty ones, running from one room to another for bobbins, and so on. Females are employed in the ruling and winding departments only. Their work is comparatively light ; it is tedious, but not of a fatiguing character. Besides, they are allowed to go home han an hour or an hour earlier than the men. The males are almost all engaged on piece-work. The head jobbers earn as much as 70 and 80 rupees a month. On an average a mill of the description named above, namely one having 30,000 spindles and 600 looms, would consume per month -- _~\_ _. 126 ~ userms's cums 1o Bonn. The quantities and values of other principal articles imported into Bombay were for the year 1875-76 as follow z-Spirits, 216,332 gallons valued at £200,128; wines, 168,125 gallons, £148,635; metals,1,092,270 cwt., £1,321,913; raw silk, 2,140,607lbs.,£597,406; sugar, 586,804 cwt., £861,849; tea, 2,089,521 lbs., £200,007; woollen piece-goods 2,971,435 yards, £293,962. The exports of Indian produce, other than cotton and cotton goods, comprised :— Grain 1,208,662 cwt., valued at £521,616 (this valuable branch of trade has been created, we may say, during the last ten years, and is gradually increasing); 1,754,885 hides and skins, £228,903; 41,586 chests of opium, £529,608; 3,102,538 cwt. seeds, £1,721,876; spices, 5,415,0361bs., £111,960; and raw wool, 16,200,512 lbs., £697,636. Opium, it will be observed, now ranks next to cotton in value as an article of export, the trade in it being worth from five to six millions sterling per annum, of which sum two to two and ahalf millions represents the clear revenue derived by the Govern- ment from atransit duty on the drug of Rs. 600 a chest. Mil- bnrn does not mention opium at all in his list of exports from Bom- bay at the beginning of this century, and up to 1819 no opium found its way to this port. In that year, however, the peace with Holkar opened to Bombay easy communication with the province of Malwa, in Central India, where, says Wilson, “ the cultivation of the poppy had been long carried to a considerable extent, and opium of avery good quality largely manufactured—partly for domestic con. sumption, and partly for export to Rajpootana and Guzerat. The disorders which had been so fatal to agriculture and commerce had hitherto set limits to the production and checked the export, and little or none of the manufactured drug had found its way to the seaside for exportation to the chief seats of the consumption of Indian opium—the eastern islands and China—the markets of which had hitherto been exclusively supplied by the gardens of Benares and Behar, The establishment of tranquillity opened to Other Branches of Trade. Opium. TRADE AND INDUSTRY. 12’! the inhabitants of Malwa a prospect of participating in the profits of this trade, and the native merchants soon began to export opium, not only to various places on the Continent, but to ports on he western coast for shipment to the eastward." The East India Company, seriously alarmed for the security of their opium revenue, imposed prohibitory duties at all the Presidencies on opium not produced in British territory; but they could not stop the trafiic in Malwa opium from being carried by circuitous channels through the territory of Native Princes. One principal route was by Marwar and Jessulmere, across the desert to Kurrachee in Scinde, whence the opium was shipped to the Portuguese settlements, Diu and Damaun, in the Gulf of Cambay, and thence exported to China in country and Portuguese vessels. The Company, however, prevailed upon the Native Princesto prohibit the cultivation of the poppy and the sale and transit of opium in their States;but ultimately had the sense to discover that they were thus ruining Malwa, and that it would be far more profitable to make arrangements for the exclusive purchase of the Malwa opium by the agents of the Government of India in that province. In 1822-23, the sales of Malwa opium produced £l,158,000 and, in 1823-24, £1,380,000. The trade is now in the hands of Marwaree mercantile firms, who buy the opium in Malwa and obtain passes from the Governor-General’s agent for its carriage to this port by way of Indore or Ahmedabad. The value of the Pearls imported during the year from the Per- sian Gulf was £136,855. Bombay is still the principal pearl market in the East. Horses are still imported from Arabia and Persia, but not in such numbers as formerly. In 1875-76 Bombay imported 160 horses, valued at £3,340, from the Persian Gulf. Frequent shipments of horses are now made to this port from Australia. The following statement shows the value of the whole foreign Value of whom Foreign trade of Bombay for 1875-76 and the We 0! BombBY- five years immediately preceding :— Pearls. Horses. 128 IACLEAN'S cums TO some“. Annualave- rage of the —— 1875-76. five years, 1870-71 to 1874-75. Imports— Rs. Rs. Merchandise .......... .. l3.4",24,382 11,00,07,230 Treasure ............. .. 8,59,90,576 4,20,39,0M Government treasure . . . . . . . . . . .. Do. , swres ....... .. .. 47,17,599 50,04,061 1 Total .... .. 17,01,14,st' 5,20,46,320 Exports— Merchandise 2,66,50,71“ Treasure ...... .. 07 83,77,636 Government treasure 7,90 11,06,316 Do. stores ............. .. 1,09,4701 69,272 1 Total ................ .. 218,198,005 2339,2838) . Merchandise... $433,133,268 33,55.67,974 TM“ °‘ “mg” “ade' Treasure ....... .. 4,67,79,695 5,04,16,726 ‘ Total. .. 39,51,12,963 38,59.74,700 Governmentistores 11nd tregurevi; A..V_V 20,17,059 61,79,643 The coasting trade in 1875-76 was valued at =—Imports, Coaifing 'l‘l‘fl-de- £3,668,350, and exports, £3,698,250. Since the opening of the Suez Canal, in 1869, a complete revolu- mae with Europe now can tion has been effected in the shipping lied on principally in Canal trade between Bombay and Europe. steameri- Formerly the bulk of the trade was conveyed in ships round the Cape ; now the larger proportion of it is carried by steamers through the Canal. In 1875-76 there were 211 arrivals and 206 departures of Canal steamers as against 179 arrivals and 173 departures for the preceding year. In 1875-76, 325 steamers, with a, tonnage of 380,289 tons, entered Bombay with cargoes, against 542 ships with a. tonnage of only 231,448. As many as 337 steamers, tonnage 404,302, cleared, against 438 ships, tonnage 169,032. The number of vessels employed in the coasting trade was :—Entered, 6,883, tonnage, 403,477 ; and cleared, 2,705, tonnage, 272,849, with cargoes, and 3,794, tonnage 188,460 in ballast. 1 These are exclusive'of Government stores runs mu mnusrsr. 129 The necessity of reducing so bulky an article as cotton into the narrowest compass before shipping it to Europe led to the introduction at an early date (1694) of machinery for screwing the loose bales down into bales of smaller measurement. Improvements have been con- tinually made in the cotton screw, till now the pressure applied is so enormous that fully three of the ordinary up-country “ docras" of cotton can be screwed into one full-pressed bale of 392 lbs. Much of the pressing is now done in the cotton districts of the interior, to save railway carriage to Bombay ; and a continually decreasing proportion of the cotton crop will probably be left from year to year to be pressed in Bombay. The following is a list of the Presses now working here :— Cotton Pressing. . a: a 5 E s " N f P g “a ‘E g '3 —' O. 0 1‘ . 3-1 'r'4 o esses a 8 a a “g “a E E Q 5‘5 6 .2? s5 3 a Z n m <1 Colaba Press Company 6 Nasmyth’s 3 11 Sassoon Press Company . 6 Do. .... .. 3 11 286' Apollo Press Company .. . 16 half-pressing .. m Apollo Press Company . 8 Finishing West’s geometrical 1 16 H‘ZOI‘ Bombay or Indian Press Company . . 12 hall-p r e ssin g Nasmyth's ....... .. 3 9 .. 1 Double finishing \Veir's .......... .. 2 18 2 509‘1 2 Finishing . 2 ls 2 509-1 Scott Press Company 7Wilson‘seom ed lever and hydrau- 7 lie 11% 2} 330'26 Prince of Wales Press Company ....... .. 4 Hodgart’s . 1 8 - .- mjee Cowasjee Press Company . 6 Brunton’s . l 7 .. .- 6 Finishing . 1 15 2§ 210' Hydraulic Press Company 6 1 13 .. I .. 3 Finishing . 2 l4 2§ 367'87 Fort Press Company, Colaba 12 Nasmyth’s . 8 11 24; 2B6- I'on Press Company, Fort . 6 , do. . 3 11 2k 285' Acbar .. .. 6 do. 2 11 2%] D0. 4. 2 do. 8 11 g; ... Imperial .. . 4 do. 2 11 Do. “I .. .. 2 do. 2 12 21} * Correctly 608'939. 130 XACLEAN’s cows 10 sonssr. It must not be supposed that either the English or the Bombay mills have yet succeeded in completely displacing the hand-made manufac- Probably the natives throughout the country still ' Mr. Terry, in his Eandloom Cotton Industry. tures of India. make most of their clothing themselves. chapter on manufactures in the Bombay Administration Report for 1872-73, says that cotton is manufactured into cloth in every village of any importance in this Presidency. “ The cotton is cleaned and spun into threads by nearly every class of people, and some workers are established in each town, partly weavers, partly agriculturists, who supply the wants of the community. The cloth on leaving the loom is dyed. Dyeing is carried on wherever sweet water is procurable. In the north of Gujerat the favourite colour is red, and in Kattiawar the prevailing colours are red combined with deep brown and yellow. Blue and green, in combination with red and yellow, are more prevalent in the south of Gujerat and in the Mahratta countries. The great distinction, how- ever, between the Gujerathee and Marathee-spealcing races is in the decoration of cotton goods ; the purely Mahratta people seldom wearing printed cotton goods, while the inhabitants of Gujerat proper and of Kattiawar prefer them to all others. The only printed stufis worn by Mahrattas are ornamented with metal-leaf decorations or pastes. Their usual sarees and cholis are dyed while in the thread, and are either made of cotton only, or combined with silk on the looms. The decorations consist principally of a simple border round the saree, and of parallel bands of various depths and colours at one end called ‘ padar’ or ‘ palao.’ The more ex. pensive articles are frequently finished ofi with gold and silk lace. Printed cotton goods are manufactqu in all the large towns of Gujerat. There are few places of any importance without streets of ‘ Chaparias’ or ‘ Bhansaras’ (printers). It is to be noticed that the further the locality is removed from the direct influence of the railways the better the work is. This is owing to the competition of European cotton goods, which are sold much cheaper, and are more brilliant in colour, although less strong and durable, than the native manufactures. Most of the lower classes still wear home- spun and woven goods ; but the cotton mills erected in Bombay, Breach, and in other parts of the Presidency, have introduced threads and cloths which are readily bought up, and upon which the native chaparias display their taste and skill.” A number of printers of sarees are settled in Bombay, and much of the cloth manufactured at the Bombay mills is dyed in the TRADE AND mnus'mr. 131 vicinity of the city, and exported to the Deccan and Concan for the use of the Mahomedan community. Ahmedabad, Yeola, Ahmed- nuggur, Malligaum, Poona, and Dharwar are all celebrated for their cotton goods ; and at most of these places, as well as at Bombay, silks are woven and dyed for rich sarees, kincobs, turbans, &c. “ The kincob, the richest kind of woven fabric produced in this Presidency, is either all gold thread and silk, or silver, gold, and silk. This fabric assumes different names according to the design or the quantity of gold or silver thread it contains. The kincobs of Ahmedabad and Surat are clebrated and sought after by the wealthy from all parts of India. Yeola, Poona, and N assick have also a great reputation for silk or cotton sarees finished with rich gold or silver and silk borders, beautifully filled in with designs executed on the Bombay 511k and oowm looms. Bombay does not produce Sarees. the more valuable class of these goods; but both Hindus and Mahomedans manufacture silk cloth, which is sold for gagras (petticoats) and cholis (breast cloths) to the up-country and Gujerat people. Some of their looms are situated near the Jail and round the Baboola. tank. The dilferent sorts of brocaded stufis known as kincobs, hemrus, masrus, lapss and tas, are worked as sarees, cholis, waistcoats, pagan‘s, shoulder. cloths, kamarbands, izars, &c., &c. The higher-caste Hindu women of Kattiawar and Gujerat, as also the Memon, Khoja, Bora, and other Mahomedan women, wear the chindari or chapa work either plain or with rich borders. A large number of people have from early times been employed on all these manufactures throughout the Presidency, but their profits and the number of work-people are rapidly diminishing, owing to the introduction of European goods.” “ Gold and silver thread enter largely into the manufacture of silk and cotton goods. In the preparation “2:138:73; saver Thread of this thread the metal is attached by ' the application of heat, the operation being performed with such nicety that one rupee’s worth of silver can be drawn out to nearly 800 yards. Before being used in the loom, this metallic thread is generally twisted with silk. In the manufacture of the fabric known as tas, however, the gold and silver wire is Kincobs. 182 mum’s cums 1'0 some“. beaten flat, forming the warp to a woof of thin silk or cotton thread. The working up of this thread into ornamental edgings for sarees is an active branch of the manufacture. The richest and most highly prized border is the ‘ Shikar ’ pattern made in Poona." “ In Bombay also gold and silver thread is manufactured and used for lace. Embroidery on silk cloth and cotton, in gold, silver, and silk thread, is carried on to some extent in Hydrabad, in Sind, principally for the European markets. Caps, slippers, cushions, covers, chogas, saias, waistcoats, &c., are made for Mahomedans. Nauanagar and Gondal, in Kattiawar, produce the richest and best-worked silk embroidery, for which Kutch gets the credit. Baroda, Surat, and Bombay also manufacture embroidery for the Mahomedan and Parsee communities. Embroidered silks are little worn by Hindus, except by the women of Gujerattee castes." “Fibres are used for the manufacture of paper in Ahmed- abad, Baroda, Surat, Nassick, Bom- bay, and Kolhapore. The samples turned out are, however, of small market value. Mats, beds, &c., are manufactured from coir (cocoanut fibre) in the Bombay Jail and in the bazaars.” There is a small paper mill at Bombay which turns out good packing paper and strong coarse paper of the kind used by the natives for writing accounts upon ; but the manufacture of printing paper, for which there is an extensive and increasing de- mand, has not yet been successfully attempted on this side of India. “ The woollen manufactures of this Presidency are but few. In Sind, saddle-cloths, blankets, and felts are made. Throughout the rest of the Presidency there is, except among the poorest classes, but little demand for woollen stufit's.” “ Although not very well prepared, leather is worked into a variety of articles in Sindh, Kutch, Kattiawar, Gujerat, Baroda, Khandesh, Bombay, Poona and Sawantwaree. One of the most curious of leather articles is the jar (dabaro), used for holding oils and ghee. The dabaro is made by stretching fresh skins over a dry hollow mould Embroidery. Fibres. Paper Mill. Wool. Leather. rams AND INDUSTRY. 133 of clay. The skin is left in this position until it has become dry, when the clay mould is' broken, the leather retaining the form of the earthen jar. The rim is made by twisting pieces of skin round clay, the latter being left inside. Leather scales are made on cir- cular earthen jars Imatkas) ; the best are from Ahmedabad. Surat leather-bottle workers buy up old articles and re-model them. In Sind the chief leather manufactures are saddle-covers for camels and horses, shoes, leggings, and accoutrements. Ahmedabad still keeps up the manufacture of shields ; but they are now only pur- chased by Europeans as ornaments, though some fifteen years ago they were commonly used as weapons of defence by the Arab mercenaries. Very good boots and shoe, saddles, bags, &c., are made in the European fashion by_native workmen, under European super- intendence, in Bombay and Poona.” Formerly, very good army accoutrements, manufactured in Bombay, were supplied for the use of the British troops; and Mr. Tanner, of Bombay, realized a large fortune in this branch of business during the years of the Mutiny. Now, however, accoutrements can be bought more cheaply in England. “ Little, except the commonest, pottery is to be met with throughout the Presidency ; yet it is manufac- Potm' tured almost everywhere, as there is a constant demand for it amongst the poorer classes, who cannot afford to purchase copper vessels. Glazes are seldom, if ever, used, except in one or two localities. Matkaa are polished by the friction of pebbles attached to a string and applied by the right hand, while the vessel is made to revolve by the left. A similar process is performed with a stick. Sind produces the best pottery of Western India. The art was introduced, or at all events developed by the Mahomedans, whose chiefs, the Ameers, gave it every encouragement. Magnificent bombs and mosques, now in ruins, testify to the great degree of excellence the potters had attained. The art of glazing, which those potters possessed, has been transmitted down to the present day, but the work and materials have lost much of their original excellence. An effort is being made at the Bombay School of Art, to keep up and revive this art, which may yet with proper care regain its former usefulness and celebrity.” At the School of Art clay from Santa Cruz or Belvedere Hill in Bombay has been used, and is found to take and keep the glaze better than any kind of clay previously tried ; and welLdesigned ornamental flower-pots are made of it, which command high prices. 134 HACLEAN'! GUIDE 10 son's“. . has! “ Gold and silver are worked into ornaments throughout the Presidency. The custom of loading women and children with the greater part of their wealth, practised by all classes and castes of natives, ensures everywhere to goldsmiths a lucrative trade. The usual method adopted is to place in the goldsmith’s hands the metal to be converted into ornaments, he generally charging from 8 annas to Rs. 2 or 3 per tola for his labour. The poorer classes wear many ornaments made of bases metal. Sind goldsmiths’ work is very beautiful, but is not generally not with out of that province. The embossed Kutch gold and silver work is much sought after ; it is richly decorated, and done by hand. The following is an account of the process of embossing. After the metal, which is beaten out into a sheet, has been cut into the required form, soft lac is run in as a backing, and the intended design traced by the point of an instru- ment on the surface of the ornament. The lines thus marked out are then forced, by blows of a hammer, below the level of the general surface ; and, finaily, the parts stauditg out in relief are chased and polished. Kutch workers have established themselves in various parts of Gujerat ; the reputation for silver work which Ahmedabad has for some time enjoyed, being due entirely to the presence in that city of a colony of Kutch silversmiths. Strong and massive articles of gold and silver are manufactured in Kattiawar." In the city of Bombay there are 2,875 goldsmiths, who find constant and lucrative occupation. In 1667, the English exempted pearls, diamonds, and other prei- cious stones from payment of import duties, and encouraged diamond mer- chants to settle in Bombay; and we find Mr. Warden, in 1812, lamenting that the imposition of duties on precious stones in 1810 had led to smuggling, and kept the diamond merchants from resort- ing to Bombay, and recommending therefore that the duties should be repealed. This course was taken, and the former liberal policy of the Company reverted to. There are now in Bombay 303 jewellers and dealers in precious stones. Diamonds are very plentiful here, and some of them remarkably fine. They are mostly imported from other parts of India, but many hrilliants are now exported from England. The wealthy natives expend large sums in. the purchase Precious Metals, to. Precious Stones. Aqvn‘ mam: AND moosrsr. 135 0 of pearls, diamonds, and emeralds, and are very good judges of the Value of precious stones. “ Cornelians, agates, &c., are worked in Cambay, and are brought from Ratanpoor, near Breach, and other places. In Bombay a brisk trade is carried on in these stones with the European community ; they are seldom used by the natives, except for the decoration of children.” Bombay is celebrated for the manufacture of carved blackwood Furniture and Lacquered furniture. Screens, tea-poys, writing- wa-l'e- desks, and flower-stands of this kind of work are generally very elegant in appearance, and often of exquisite design; but the ordinary couches, chairs, and large tables of carved blackwood are heavy and clumsy, and the use of them has been given up in Bombay in favour of the polished blackwood furniture made by Messrs. Deschamps {and Mr. Jamsetjee Nowrojee. “ In Sind, furniture suited to native wants is made, as well as toys, ornamented beautifully with lac. In Ahmedabad, Baroda, and Surat, lacquered furniture is manufactuned. The first and last of these places are also famous for their blackwood carved furniture and other woodwork. Most of the houses in Ahmedabad are covered with elaborate wood-carving, and this is the case, but to a lesser degree, in Breach, Baroda, and Surat. Photographs of many of these carvings have been taken for the South Kensington Interna tional Exhibition of 1874‘.” Very good cocoa/nut fibre matting is made at the House of Correction, and is useful for covering the floors of verandas, billiard-rooms, &c. China matting was till of late years almost invariably used for dining, drawing, and bedrooms, but is now being discarded in favour of the more attractive reed matting of Madras, which is manufactured for the cabinet-makers by Madras workmen in Bombay. The most active industry in Bombay is the manufacture of the copper cooking pots and other utensils of universal use among the natives of India. The Copper Bazaar, opposite the Mombadevy Tank, is the busiest and noisiest street in the native town. We learn from the Census that there are 1,069 coppersmiths and 1,536 blacksnnths in Bombay. Cocoa-nut IF'ihm Matting. Copper Pots. 136 )ucLsAs’s suns TO sons“. The coach-builders of Bombay now turn out “ country-built” carriages, inferior in elegance indeed to the best vehicles from Long Acre, but of substantial and good workmanship. The Railway Companies have workshops of their own at Byculla and Parell, where they manufacture all kinds of rolling stock, except engines, and the quality is as good as could be desired. “ Iron work, besides cutlery, is still hammered with great skill in Ahmedabad, where formerly there were some very fine workers in The beautiful gates of the tomb of Shah Alam are examples of perforated brass work.” Though Boml'ay has to import all her iron as well as her copper from England, great progress has been made in the iron industry here, and now, with the important excep- tion of machinery, there is hardly any description of iron work which cannot be manufactured in Bombay. The Bombay Metal Mart (W. Nicol and Co.) has been established for seventeen years and was originally intended to supply a good class of iron and iron goods to engineers in Bombay and in the Mofussil. The business has, however, largely increased, and has been much extended since its first opening ; and now at the premises opposite the Jewish Synagogue at Byculla, on the Parell Road, almost every article of machinery or iron work is supplied from England. A large stock of all kinds of bar, rod and sheet iron, plates, steel, portable engines, pumps of various kinds, contractors’, builders’ and engineers' material and plant of every description is kept in Bombay, and with the facilities afforded by telegraphic communication, all articles can be supplied from home in a short time. The Byculla Iron Works (W. Nicol and Co.) is in connexion with the Metal Mart and is a general foundry and engineering shop, where castings of all kinds up to ten tons are turned out and every variety of iron bridge and roof work can be made. Amongst the works lately completed may be mentioned the DurbarHall at Bhownuggur used on the occasion of the marriage of H. H. the Thakoor, and a similar building is now being constructed for the Maharaj Holkur. These buildings were designed and constructed by Mr. Cruddas, the manager Carriages. Iron and Brass Work. metal. Bombay Motal Mart. Nicol’s Iron Foundry. ’<__J‘_—__- TRADE AND INDUSTRY. 137 of the works. The works are entirely under European management, and with all the modern steam machinery, important contracts can be carried out. About 300 men are constantly employed in these works. Byculla and its neighbourhood may be said to be the centre of the iron industry of Bombay, for there Richardson ‘6 CO" Byculla are situated the onl iron works of an Foundry and Engineering _ _ . y _ y Workm magnitude mthe city. In Nesbit Lane, not many hundred yards from the pre- mises of Messrs. W. Nicol and 00., may be found the works of Messrs. Richardson & 00., and a visit to their new foundry (which we understand is the largest in India) will well repay those interest- ed in the rapid strides manufacturing industries are making in the country. Though heavy castings are generally procured from Eng. land, this firm are prepared to undertake work up to fifteen tons in weight, and their ability to supply such has frequently enabled spin- ning mills and other manufactories to tide over break-downs that might otherwise have resulted disastrously. While claiming as their own the largest portion of the foundry business of Bombay, this firm have also large machines and smith’s shops which enable them to undertake all descriptions of engineering work. A large portion of their work, for some time past, has been for the spin- ning and weaving mills, which have multiplied so surprisingly in this city and the western presidency within thelast few years. The Bombay Saw Mill Company, Limited (W. Nicol and Company, Secretaries and Treasurers), is an ex- tensive concern at Tank Bunder for the supply of all descriptions of sawn timber and carpentry work. Timber is principally imported from Burmah and Europe. A large number of carriages for the State railways has been constructed by the company. The machinery, driven by a powerful pair of engines on the compound principle, is of the best and newest description ; and such work as doors and Windows can be constructed without almost any hand labour. A large stock of teak of every description, jungle woods, American and European pine and other woods used in Bombay is always maintained. The company is under the Joint Stock Act, and has a capital fully paid-up of six lakhs of rupees. Bricks are made in immense quantities and of fair, quality at Callian ; tiles at Callian, Bombay, Trombay, and Panwell. The Man- galore tiles, lately introduced, and used to roof the Sailors’ Home, Saw Mills. Bricks, Tiles, Building Stones. TRADE AND mous'mr. , 139 Western India Chemical Works Company, for the manufacture of sulphuric acid only. This company is under European management, and the capital was supplied by Europeans. IV.—GOVERNMENT AND REVENUE. BOMBAY is one of the three Presidencies -—Bengal, Madras, and Bombay—into which India is still nominally divided, and one of the nine Provinces—Bengal, Madras, Bombay, the North-West Provinces, the Punjab, the Central Provinces, Oude, British Burma and Assam—into which it ll really divided. The territory under the administration of the Government of Bombay extends from north latitude 28° 32'—the most northerly point of Scinde—to 13° 55’ in the extreme south of the Collectorate of Genera, and from east longitude 66° 43'—the most westerly point of Scinde—to 76° 20’, the eastern extremity of Khandesh. The Presidency is bounded on the north-west, north, and north- east by Beloochistan, the Punjab, and the native states of Raj- pootana ; on the east and south-east by Indore, the Central Provinces, West Berar, and the Nizam’s Dominions; by Madras and Mysore on the south ; and on the west by the Arabian Sea. This territory comprises atotal area of 188,195 square miles, of which the Regulation Districts contain 77,767, Scinde 47,175, and 63,253 are under the rule of native chiefs. The total population is returned at 25,624,696,——the Regulation Districts contributing 14,160,208, Scinde 2,192,415, and the Native States 9,272,073. The only foreign possessions included within the limits of the Bombay Presidency are those of the Portuguese Government— Goa, Damaun, and Diu. Of these, the principal is Goa, with a total area of 224 square miles, situated on the coast in north latitude 15° 44' and east longitude 73° 45', between the districts of Ratnagherry and Canara. In north latitude 20° 18' and east longitude 60° 35'is situated the settlement of Damaun, containing an area of 22 square Imperial and Provincial Government. 140 uscnru‘s euros TO eons“. miles. Diu, a small island 1‘} square miles in extent, lies ofi the southern coast of the peninsula of Kattiawar. The administration of the Bombay Presidency is entrusted to as Governor in Council, working in matters of imperial policy under the Viceroy and Governor General in Council, who is vested with the supreme executive authority in this country, but is in his turn controlled by the Secretary of State for India in Council at West- minster. The Secretary of State is a member of the British Cabinet, and, as Minister for India, is responsible to Parliament for the way this country is governed. Bombay was constituted an independent Presidency in 1708 ; in 1773, it was made subordinate to the general government for all India which had Warren Hastings for its first chief. In 1858, on the abolition of the East India Company, all the Company’s territories, including of course Bombay, were transferred to the Crown. The Marquis of Salisbury is the present Secretary of State; Lord Lytton (appointed 1876; is Viceroy and Governor General. The Government of Bombay consists of His Excellency Sir Philip Edmond Wodehouse, K.C.B., Governor, appointed 1872,1 and His Excellency Sir Charles William Dunbar Staveley, K.C.B., Com- mander-in-Chief (1874-), the Honourable Alexander Rogers (1873), and the Honourable James Gibbs (1874), ordinary members of Council Their salaries are :— Bir Philip Edmond Wodehouse, K.C.B., Governor of Bombay ................................................................ .. Rs. 10,666 10 8 Sir Charles William Dunbar Staveley,K.C.B., Com- mander-in-Chief .. 5,838 5 4 Alexander Rogers, E 6,333 5 4 James Gibbs, Esq. ., 5,333 5 4 The work of civil administration is divided amongst the members of Council, the Governor taking charge of Foreign Afiairs and Public Works, Mr. Rogers of Revenue, and Mr. Gibbs of Political and Judicial business. Matters of minor importance are disposed of summarily by the Councillor in charge of the department. Im- 1 Sir Philip will be succeeded in the oifice of governor by Sir Richard Temple, Bait, inMarch or _April IlB77. Mr. Rogers, one of the ordinary mem- bers of council, also retires in April. GOVERNMENT AND REVENUE. 141 port-ant papers are referred to the Governor, and, if he difiers in opinion with the Councillor, to the whole Council. The Commander- in-Chief takes ordinarily no part in civil business, but attends the meetings of Council ; and, if he votes with the Governor, the latter, having the right to give a casting vote, can always overrule the remaining members of Council. The Council of the Government of Bombay for making laws and regulations, usually called the Legislative Council, consists of the above-mentioned members of the Executive Government, and nine additional members who are nominated by the Executive Govern- ment, but may be selected from the non-ohcial community. (See also Ofiicial Directory 'in PM II. of the Guide, page 25.) The following is alist of Governors of Bombay since the island became a. British possession :— Gerald Auugier 1667 Thomas Holt 1667 Sir John Child, B 1680 John Vaux 1690 Bartholomew Harris 1690 Samuel Annesley . 1692 Sir John Gayer 1698 Sir Nicholas Waite .. 1702 Sir H. Oxenden, Bart. 1707 William Aislabie .. Charles Boone William Phipps Robert Cowan John Horne .. Stephen Law William Wake John Geekie . Richard Bouchier . Charles Crommelin Thomas Hodges. William Hornby Rawaon Horr Bo Andrew Ramsay .. 1788 Sir W. Meadow, LB. .. .. 1790 Sir Robert Aberorombie, 1790 George Dick ........ ..... 1794 John Grilfiths . 1795 Jonathan Duncan. 1795 George Brown .... .. . . 1811 Sir Evan Nepean, Bart. ...._ 1812 The Hon. Molmtstuart Elphms no 1819 Sir John Malcolm, 11.0.12. .. 1827 Sir T. S. Beckwith, 11.0.13. . John Romer ...... Earl of Clare Sir Robert Grant James Farish . .. Sir James Rivett-Car'nac, Bart Sir W. H. Macnaghten, Bart. . The Hon’ble G. W. Anderson Sir George Anhur, Bart. . The Hon’ble L. R. Reid. . Sir George Russell Clerk _ Viscount Falkland . lerk, x.c. Sir Bartle Frere ...... .. Sir Seymour Fitzgerald Sir Philip Wodehouse....... Under the Executive Government there are, for the Revenue, Financial, General, and Separate Departments, a Secretary, an Under-Secretary, and an Assistant Secretary; in the Political, Judicial, Educational, and Secret Departments, a Secretary, an 142 IACLEAN’S cums ro sonar. Under-gecretary, who also ofi’iciates as Secretary to the Legislative Council, and two Assistant Secretaries ; a Secretary and Assistant Secretary in the Military, Marine, Ecclesiastical, and Indo-European Telegraph Departments ; and in the Public Works and Railway Department, a Secretary, three Under-Secretaries, and an Assistant Secretary. (See also Oflicial Directory in Part II. of the Gwide, page 26.) The Bombay Army consists of 30,500 men, of whom 21,000 are native troops. The distribution of this force is shown in Part II. of the GUIDE (see page 30). The principal Bombay Military Division is Poona, in which there are 2,100 British Infantry. In the Bombay Presidency there are two batteries of Royal Horse Artillery, ten field, and six garrison batteries. All the nine-pounder bronze guns have been replaced by wrought-iron guns. The East India squadron of the Royal Navy has its head- quarters at Bombay; but the ships of the squadron, with the exception of the flag-ship, are usually away at distant stations. The Bombay Army. The Navy. The revenue of India is derived mainly from the following sources :—Land, Opium, Salt, Excise on Spirits and Drugs, and Customs Duties. A Finance Minister, appointed by the Secretary of State, is one of the members of the Viceregal Council, and has charge of all bills afiecting taxation. But whenever taxation is not increased, the Viceroy in Council can pass the Budget for the year without bringing it before the Legislative Council, and can thus escape an annual discussion of the financial policy of his Government. This course has been taken of late years by Lord Northbrook. In the pre- sent year (1875) the revision of the tariff (seepages 38 to 50 of Pwrt II.) and the increase of duties on wines and spirits imported have com- pelled a departure from the rule of legislating in matters of finance sub silentio ,- but the device has been successfully resorted to of evading criticism on the measures proposed by the Executive Government before they became law by bringing them forward at a Imperial Revenue. n I l GOVERNMENT AND REVENUE- 143 meeting of the Legislative Council held in Simla, which could not be attended by the mercantile members of the Council. Thus, although nominally the revenue of India. is levied by authority of a Legislative Council composed of members who represent other classes of the community than the purely official class, the Govern- ment of India is in such matters, as in all others, a. simple des- potism. The following figures show the revenue and expenditure of the years 187576 and 1876-77 :— Budget Budget anmwn. Estimates, Estimates, 1875-76. 1876-77- CIVIL. £ £ land revenue. . 21,379,000 21,381,000 Tributes and contributions from N. States... . 00,000 70 ,000 Forest - . 572,000 ,000 Excise on spirits and drugs .. 2,370,000 2,525,000 Assessed taxes .. . .. i1. Nil, Custom .. . 2,670,000 7,620,000 Salt .. .. 6,208,000 6,300,000 Opium 8,060,000 8,200,000 Stamps .. 2,784,000 2,837,000 Mint . .. 72,000 , Post-ofiice ... .. .. 735,000 778,000 Telegraph .. . 290,000 290,000 Law and justice 319,000 316,000 Marine ... ... 197,000 198,000 Interest .. 572,000 608,000 Receipts in aid of superannuation, retired and com- passionate Allowances 634,000 594,000 Gain by exchange on transactions with London 825,000 347,000 Miscellaneous. ... ... 180,000 259,000 Totalv .. 48,057,000 48,577,000 Army .. 907,000 878,000 Public works, ordinary. .. .. 94,000 83,000 Irrigation ... . 532,000 527,000 State railways ... .. 230,000 415,000 Grand Total... 49,820,000 50,480,000 Deficit, including P. W., extraordinary, but excluding Famine Charges Nil- 3,615,000 Deficit, including P. W., extraordinary and Famine Charges . 8,794,000 3,615,000 144 IACLEAN'B some 10 none“. Budget Budget Exrnnnrrvn. Estimates, Estimates, 1875-76 1876-77. CirIL. £ 4; Interest on funded and unfunded debt 5,208,000 5,360,000 Interest on service funds and other accounts 376,000 390,000 Refunds and drawbacks . .. 300,000 300,000 Land revenue. ... ... . 2,480,000 2,473,000 Forest 405,000 417,000 Excise on spirit and drugs 86, 87,000 Assessed taxes .. Nil. Nil, Customs 179,000 189,000 . 498,000 526,000 Opium ... 2,300,000 2,200,000 Stamps 123,000 103,000 Mint .. .. 90,000 94,000 Post-office ... 810,000 843,000 Telegraph . - ... 484,000 438, Administration . . .. . 1,615,000 1,595,000 Minor departments .. 99,000 237,000 Law and justice 2,340,000 2,367,000 Marine .. 59,000 76,000 Ecclesiastical ..- .. 101,000 162,000 Medical .. 130,000 134,000 Political agencies . 836,000 349,000 Allowances and assignments under treaties and engagements 1,095,000 1,696,000 Civil, furlough and absentee allowances .. .. 221, 0 223,000 Superannuation, retired and compassionate Al- lowances -- _ 1,816,000 1,796,000 Loss by exchange on transactions With London ... 1,390,000 2,332,000 Miscellaneous... _ . 77,000 78,000 Allotments for provincial servwea ... 5,059,000 5,060,000 Famine Relief .... .. Total Civil... 29,123,000 30,175,000 Army 15,683,000 15,979,000 Public works, ordinary. .. 2,654,000 2,532,000 State railways 180,000 297,000 Land and supervision (guaranteed railways) .. 91,000 93,000 Guaranteed interest, less net traflic receipts 1,583,000 1,260,000 Total Ordinary... 49,314,000 50,336,000 Public works, extraordinary .300, 3,759,000 Grand Total... 53,614,000 54,095,000 Surplus, excluding P.W., extraordinary, but includ- ing Famine Charges .. 506,000 144,000 Surplus, excluding P. W. , extraordinary, and Famine Charges ... 506,000 144,000 Gross guaranteed interest .. 4,725,000 4,730,000 Net traffic receipts ... ... 3,142,000 3,470,000 Guaranteed interest less net traffic receipts. 1,583,000 1,260,0(1) “km! GOVERNMENT AND savanna. 145 Since 1871, the Government of India has professedly allowed to provincial Governments greater financial independence by transfer. ring to them the control of certain departments, particularly Public -Works, Police, Education, Jails, and Printing, and making them a fixed allotment from imperial revenue to pay the expenses of administration. This arrangement has, however, worked in an extremely unsatisfactory way. The amount of the imperial grant is not always sufiicient to meet the expenses of the department transferred; and the provincial Government of Bombay, declaring itself unable to cut down its expenditure to its means, has raised new local taxes to supply itself with funds, and thrown the odium on the Government of India. Thus, the sole result of the “ policy of decentralization,” as it is grandly called, has been to destroy official responsibility while increasing the burdens on the people. The following are the figures of the provincial Budget :— . Provincial Revenue and Ex- pendivum. BUDGET ESTIMATE. REVENUE 1ND BBCIIm. 1575-76. 1876-77. Rs. Rs. Imperial Allotment for Provincial Services ... 97,94,000 98,34,500 DEPLBTHENTLL RECEIPT-‘5- Jails ... 254,030 1 2,91,640 Registration m ... 2,68,708 l 2,54,235 Police ~. ... .. 44,01,300 \ 1,41,683 Education .. 2,09,783 1,841,207 Medical 83,130 1 99,826 Printing ... ... ... ... ... Nfiul 1 31,235 12,56,565 ,1 10,02,826 mscnnmnous nonlrrs. , Rents .. .. ... 1,644 1,480 Miscellaneous Fees and Fines 7,988 8.809 , Sundry Receipts ... 38,062 ‘ 39,128 47,N4 49,417 Public Works ... m ... ... 50,660 50,330 ' Total Revenue and Receipts ... Rs. 1,11,48,919 1,09,37,073 Debt Accounts o. , 24,000 ’ Grand Total .... ..Rs. 1,27,74,644 1,22,60,336 10 146 IACLBAJI'S one: To sons“. union lsn'nls'l'l. Imxniwn. — -~—~ 1975-78. 1876-77. Rs. Rs. Refunds .. m - . . 2,959 3,470 Jails ... -. .. 8,89,565 8,60,648' Registration .. . 2,40,709 2,42,343 Police ... ... ... 40,18,765 38,74,612 Education ... ... . . 10,55,834 10,83,911 Medical m ... ... . . 9, 15,477 9,49,162 Printing . 2,19,313 ., 2,31,871 Marine ... ... 7,034 I 7,276 Minor Establishment— ' General Management... .. 23,412 ' 24,500 Model Farms 15,000 5 14,555 Botanical and othw Public Gardens 16,350 ; 16,348 (femeteries .. 7,685 ‘ 8,090 District Post 89,563 ‘ 88,905 Miscellaneous Establishment 9,539 \ 11,173 Ofiice Rent, Bates and Taxes 1,93,898 1,813,208 Miscellaneous 73,819 ‘ 69,183 Contributions . .. 3,78,855 ! 3,77,211 81,57,839 ‘ $36,257 Public Works _. 28,66,701 \ 34,92,159 Total Expenditure Rs. 1,10,24,540 1,15,38,416 Debt Accounts . ... .. 24,011) 28,000 Closing Balance. 17,26,104 15,93,920 __ i___ _- Grand Total Rs. 1,27,74,644 [ L22,60,336 Il'he first real experiment (for as such it has all along been regarded) in Municipal government in India was made by the Muni- cipal Bill which passed the Legis- lative Council of Bombay and received the sanction of the Government of India in 1872. Before that time the Municipal administration had been conducted by a Commissioner and the Bench of Justices; but the powers of the Commissioner were so extensive‘ that he became practically irresponsible, and though he did excellent service to Bombay, he expended the ratepayers’ money so lavishly that in 1871 something like 8 popular revolution was accomplished, and the Government felt itself compelled to create a new Municipality, in which the rate- payers themselves should, by their representatives, have an authoritative voice. 1n the month of July 1873, the first Municipal Constitution of Bombay. 1 l GOVERNMENT AND REVENUE. 147 Municipal elections were held in Bombay. The Municipal Corporation of Bombay consists of - sixty-four persons, all of them ratepayers resident in the city of Bombay, who have attained twenty-five years of age, and who shall have paid in each year rates not less than rupees fifty, namely, the house-rates, and the police and lighting-rates, authorized under the Municipal Act. Fellows of the Bombay University may be elected without regard to the regulations required for other candidates. Of the sixty-four members, sixteen are nominated by Government, sixteen are elected by the Justices of the Peace resident in the city of Bombay, and thirty-two are elected by the ratepayers, who must be twenty-one years of age and have paid rupees fifty of Municipal rates, the same as already mentioned. The members of the Corporation are elected or nominated for a term of two years. The Chairman of the Corporation is elected by the members for one year, and can be re-elected, and the Corporation holds four quarterly meetings every year. There is also a Town Council, consisting of twelve members, who hold oflice for two years; the Chairman is appointed by the Government. Of the twelve members eight are elected by the Corporation, and four members are nominated by the Government. The duties of the Town Council are, to have the custody of the common goal of the Corporation, to meet once a week, to appoint subcommittees for any special purpose, to sign cheques, and to pass the items of the annual budget, and generally to control the affairs of the Munici- pality, subject to the restrictions put upon their proceedings by the Municipal Act of 1872. The members are paid a fee of Rs. 30 each at every meeting, provided that no additional fee is paid when there is more than one meeting in each week. There is a Secretary to the Town Council at afixed salary, who acts in the same capacity, under the designation of Clerk to the Corporation. The principal Municipal ofiicers are the Municipal Com- ' missioner, who is appointed by the Government of Bombay for a. term of three years; he can be removed by the Government for misconduct, or by the same power on the votes of not less than forty members of the Corporation recorded at a special general meeting of the Corporation. His salary is fixed at not less than Rs. 2,000, not more than Rs. 2,500 a month. The Executive Engineer is appointed by the Corporation, subject to the confirmation of Government, and he is under the immediate orders of the Municipal Commissioner. He is elected for three years, and can be removed by a vote of not less than two-thirds of the members present at a. special general meeting 14-8 usernn’s cum: 'ro Bonn. of the Corporation. His salary is not less than Rs. 1,200, nor more than Rs. 1,500 a month. The Executive Officer of Health, who must be a legally qualified medical practitioner, is elected, can be removed, and receives the same salary as the Executive Engineer. All these high officers oanbe continued in their respective ofiioes beyond the specified period of three years. The Municipal Commissioner has power to appoint all the oiiicers of the Municipality, except those above named ; but he may not remove any officer whose average monthy salary exceeds Rs. 300 a month, without the sanction of the Town Council, and no new office can be created, the aggregate monthly salary of which exceeds Rs. 300, without the sanction of the Corporation. On the 1st of October in each year the Municipal Commissioner _ must lay before the Town Council an “1:511:21: ‘1 Revenue and Ex estimate prepared by him of the proposed expenditure of the Muni. cipality for the year commencing the 1st January then next succeeding, and the Town Council considers the'ostimates, and with the assistance of the Municipal Commissioner, 2. budget is prepared which is laid by the Chairman of the Town Council before a special general meeting of the Corporation on or before the 10th of November in each year. The Corporation can either pass the budget, refer it back to the Town Council for further consideration, or reject any items of which they do not approve. The following is the Budget for the year 1876 as passed in due legal form :— Budget Budget moon. Estimate Estimate for 1876, for 1877. 5. Rs. Balance on 1st January 1,50,000 1,17,000 nxs'riosnsrngglégb co Mb M by -—- -———— House Rate including . , n 11 Government and Port Trust, Rs. 30,000 each) 5,63,230 5,50,000 Lighting Rate do. Rs. 20,000 do. Rs. 10,000 do; 2,15,670 2,16,500 Police do. ido. do. do. do. do. 2,17,640 2,18,000 Wheel Tax ... 2,411,850 2,40,000 Liquor Licenses 1,60,000 1,63,000 Public Land Conveyanc 2,146 1,000 Tobacco Duty and Licenses ... 1,49,000 1,47,500 Town Duties 5,62,930 5,70,000 Insurance Companies 14,000 14,000 Contribution from Municipal Servants towards Pen- sion, &c., Fund ‘ 7,000 7,000 Arrears of Occupiers‘ Rates from the Railway Company. 50,000 . 21,73,466 21,27,000 l Jr 77“ GOVERNMENT um REVENUE. 149 Budget Budgek moon. Estimate Estimate for 1878. for 1877. snavxcx nimsimn. B“ 35' Halalcore Cess .. .. 1,94,430 1,95,:00 Water Bate 2,88,840 2,96,000 4,83,270 4,91,5(1) RETURNS non PROPERTY AND IISCBLLAKBOUS. Market Receipts 2,05,000 2, 13310 Miscellaneous Fines ... 8,000 8,000 Do. Receipts... 18,100 26,800 D0, Fees .. 51,524 50,000 Do. Savings 4,000 4,500 Public Gardens ... 3,500 6,00] Tramway Bent m ... 10,017 15,000 3,00,141 3,23,5(1) 29,56,877 29,42,000 Anticipated Savings on all Departments .... .. 25,000 31,06,877 30,84,000 Budget Budget nxrsxnrwnn. Estimate Estimate for 1876. for 1877. (“mums surnnm'rsnnzncn_ Rs‘ R's' Town Council and Corporation Establishment , 39,934 Municipal Commissioner’s Establishment 38,712 38,978 Audit Account and Store Department 84,212 35,214 1,16,180 1,14,126 ASSESSMENT DEPARTMENT. Assessor‘s Establishment . ... ... 47,784. 47,802 Liquor License <10. m 1,908 1,908 49,692 49,710 COLLECTION DEPARTURE Collector's Establishment 51,138 48,586 Port Trust and Railwa s (Town Duty) 25,000 28,300 Customs’ Department Tobacco Duty) ... 13,838 13,998 89,974 90,884 nuns um suueinn novsns’ nsunusnmmr. 78,224 68,162 150 lucuzm’s 001m: TO 120mm. i Budget ‘ Budget I IXPEIDH'UBI. Estimate ‘ Estimate for 1876. ‘ for 1877. i - Rs. 1 Rs POLICE AND FXIB ENGINES. ~ 1 Police .. .. ..., 3,52,238 1, 3,51,038 Hoslvital .. .1 . 1 7,114 ‘ 7,114 Steam Fire Enginefl ...l 28,600 F 27,600 3,135,952 3,85,752 PUBLIC HEALTH nurnnmin'. '— General Supervision and Conservancy .. 6,11,187 4 6,62,806 Registration (>er and Deaths .. ? 11,688 ‘ 11,832 Csmewries ‘ 3,952 1 4,328 laboratory .. l 600 000 Vaccination 6,600 7,000 PUBLIC wonxs (simnnin’s nuns-mun), Establishment . , Lighting Watering . .. R0941 Repairs .. Repairs to Buildings .. Improvement of Streets... .9 Water Works , .. Drainage .. Public Gardens ... Municipal Debt ... ... Pensions and Gratuities Primary Education .. Goculdas Tej al Hospita » Discretional ontingenciea Auditor‘s Allowance ... Rent of Municipal Office New Works ... ... ‘ Or, any, Rs.20,000 available forNew Works. 69,98 69,970 2,61,962 2,59,878 62,475 I 59,677 2,50,000 - ,70,000 6,060 1 6,000 25,000 ‘, 25,000 46,900 1, 46,900 62,350 , 63% 13,676 1 18,486 8,08,363 ‘ 9,09,713 ——-l _ __ .0; 7,27,648 f 6,25,380 5,121 10,000 10000 10,000 36,000 1 36,000 5,000 5,000 4,000 5,000 93,00 33,900 ! 29,84,081 29,30,193 l 29,84, 1 {I 29,60,000 1 Y.-—DESCRIPTION OF THE CITY OF BOMBAY. Nine-tenths of the travellers coming out to India, or going home, now pass through Bombay; but few of them seem to be aware that the place has other merits than that of being the nearest seaport to England, and that it is well worth seeing for its own sake. he homeward—bound traveller breathes more freely as he sees once again European shops and houses, but he hurries on his way to where he has caughta glimpse beyond of the waves sparkling in the sunshine and the tall masts of the steamer that is to carry him to England The outward-bound, with his head crammed full of tales about the quaint pioturesqueness of Benares, the fairy-like splendour of the Taj Mahal and the historic glories of Delhi and Lucknow, is impatient if, after landing at Bombay and “doing” the inevitable caves of Elephanta, he cannot drive at once from his hotel to the railway station without wasting so much as a passing glance on the streets and the people of Bombay. Yet the city is, in many respects, one of the most remarkable in the world. It is not only that, as a good judge of eastern cities is wont to say, “ the native town of Bombay is the finest in all India,” for there is nothing, usually, very attractive in the archi- tecture of a native bazaar; nor do we insist on the superiority of the new public buildings in Bombay to any that the English have raised elsewhere in this country. The distinctive peculiarity of the city is, to our mind, the appearance and character of the people. Nothing strikes one more forcibly, in visiting other Indian cities, than the state of suspended animation in which the inhabitants seem to exist. With the exception of a few streets at Calcutta and the Chandny Chowk at Delhi, there is little to show that the great cities of Hindoostan are not mere cities of the dead. They tell us by their monuments what India was ; but at Bombay we see what lndia is. Here, partly no doubt because the races of Western India were never so completely subjugated by the Maho. medsns as the enervated Hindoo population of the Ganges valley Bombay‘s Special Claims to attention. 152 menu’s GUIDE TO BOMBAY. were, but chiefly, we believe, because Bombay itself has grown up entirely under English rule the stamp ofa vigorous vitality is impressed upon the people and manifests itself alike in their dress, their manners, their en erprise in trade and business, and their eagerness to take an interest in the discussion and manage- ment of public affairs. Mr. Grant Duff, who is good It historical parallels, says with much truth that Bombay is becoming to all Asia what Alexandria was during the earliest centuries o! the Christian era. In those days, when the countries round the basin of the Mediterranean had a monopoly of political powerand commercial wealth, it was naturally at Alexandria, on the margin of the Eastern world, and yet within easy reach of Rome, that men of all nations sought a common home, and that the fermentation caused by the intermingling or by the conflict of two civilizations was always most active. Europe has since made along stridein advance beyond the Mediterranean, and it is at Bombay that Western civilization is now first confronted with and seeks to engraft itself upon that of the East. We have not here, as a result, a new school of philosophy yet; but Bombay is decidedly the most Anglicised city in India, not because she has a very large European population, but because the natives generally, without aban- doning their Oriental dress and manners, have been strongly influenced by English education and ways of thought. The public meeting is as familiar and usent an institution here as in England; the ambition of the natives to excel as writers and speakers of English is something amazing, and, though its consequences may sometimes be ludicrous, the general result is satisfactory ; whatever is published in either the English or vernacularpapers is eagerly read and criticized by many thousands of natives ; and thus there has been formed in Bombay what does not exist elsewhere in India, a tolerany respectable and wholesome public opinion. These signs of the working of a new pirit in India may suffice to make Bombay an interesting place to a philosopher like Mr. Grant Duff ; and even less thoughtful travellers cannot fail to be struck with the strange spectacle life presents in a city in which DESCRIPTION or ran cm. 153 along a distance of amile and a half of a densely crowded street —-the Parell Road—one may see in quick succession several gaudily-painted red-and-green Hindoo temples, whose clanging bells summon the Deity to give ear to the prayers of the thousands of zealous worshippers who are thronging to the shrines of the hideous idols within—a, Mussulman mosque, which is the favourite resort of Wahabee bigots and pilgrims to Mecca, and which with its fringe of unwashed, evil-looking Arab and African rufians, who constantly lie about the doorsteps and outer wall and seem to do nothing but beg, drink cofiee, and smoke opium, seems not to belie its reputation for being the head-quarters of Mussulman fana- ticism in India—a Parsee fire-temple, much revered, but not much frequented by the disciples of Zoroaster—a. hospital built at the cost of benevolent Parsees, and oflicered with skilled English physicians and surgeons—a Jewish synagogue—a printing press and school for Christian children, and an English church—a railway station—and a college where young men of various races receive as liberal an education as is given at any great school in England. The resemblance to the Alexandria of old is strengthened occasionally by an outbreak of religious rancour on the part of the Mussulmans against the Parsees, the hatred which the faithful cherish against the Guebres being quite as bitter as that of the Christian zealots of Cyril’s time against Jews and idolaters. Their passions, however, are easily controlled by the sober-suited Briton to whom Providence has entrusted the task of preventing the strife of jarring sects in Bombay, and the people, as a rule, live good-humonredly enough together, and mingle freely with one another in the streets, not keeping themselves strictly separated into sections inhabiting different quarters of the city. It is no uncommon sight to see, on the Esplanade, the Mussulman spreading hiscarpet for the sunset prayer within a few yards of a Parsee who is reciting his sacred verses in honour of the departing god of day. The whole population comes out in the evening to enjoy the cool air, and they troop down in thousands, men, women, and children to the open space of reclaimed ground in Back Bay. The women, 154 nch’s sun): 10 noun“. excepting the Mussulmanees, are allowed to go about with compara- tive freedom; and in their gay sarees—the fair and plump Parsee women, in particular, being distinguished by the brilliant red, orange, and green tints of their satin garments—they heighten the pictur- esqueness of the animated scene. The men, too, with their turbans of various colours and shapes,—the round twisted Mussulman turban of green and gold, the large red or white cartwheel turban of the Maharatta, the pointed red-aud-gold turban of the Banian and Marwaree, and the Parsee hat—and their flowing cotton dresses, give the interest of variety to the crowd, whose general demeanour is as difierent as possible from that of the apathetic Bengalees or Hindoostanees. Whether he looks at it when it is engaged in business or in pleasure, we believe the visitor will find Bombay full of life and colour; and, assuming that we have now said enough regarding the general character of the city and people, we will go ontonotice in detail what things are best worth seeing here. Coming across from Aden in aP. and O. steamer, the traveller may still have occasionally the opportunity of seeing, as he enters the Indian Ocean, the phenomenon of “ the milk-white sea,” which is recorded in the Periplns, and which is caused by the presence in the water of multitudes of animailculm which give out at night a milky radiance. We cannot, however, promise him a view of the line of serpents which all the early voyagers speak of as a. regular landmark for ships nearing Bombay. So trustworthy a tiaveller as Niebuhr, writing a century ago, says in the most matter-of-fact way—“ In the Indian Ocean, at a certain distance from land, a great many water serpents, from 12 to 13 inches in length, are to be seen rising above the surface of the water. When these serpents are seen, they are an indication that the coast is exactly two degrees distant. We saw some of these serpents, for the first time, on the evening of the 9th of September; on the 11th we landed in the harbour of Bom- bay.” Perhaps steamers have driven the serpents away;at all The approach to Bombay. DESCRIPTION or run cm. 155 events, we seldom hear of them now.1 The voyager, however, if it is early morning when land is sighted, will see something far pret- tier—a whole fleet of fishing boats with their broad lateen sails of white cotton dotting all the surface of the sea. Heber notes that the sails difier from those of the Mediterranean boats, as, instead of forming a regular right-angled triangle, they have the foremost angle cut off, so that they look more like lug sails. The boats are fast sailors, and the fishermen of the coast manage them admirably. Pass- ing the Outer Light Ship and roundingthe extremity of the S. W. Prong, which is the northern limit of the channel, the south- ern being marked by the Tull Reef, three miles distant, the ' steamer passes between the Kennery and Prongs Lighthouses. The Kennery Lighthouse is situated on a small island, formerly held and fortified by the Mahrattas, twelve miles to the southward of Bom- bay. To erect a lighthouse here was the suggestion of Captain Barker, of the late Indian Navy ; the work was commenced on the 27th October 1866, the chief corner stone of the present building was laid by Sir Bartle Frere on the 19th January 1867, and the lantern was first lighted on the 1st June in the same year. The light, which is a first-class holophotal catadioptric light, is fixed. It is placed at an elevation of 161 feet above high-water mark in a tower 50 feet high above the level ground, and, by showing only towards the sea front the most westerly points of danger in the Bombay harbour and the coast, its powers are concentrated and increased. The total cost of construction was Rs. 1,98,811-3-9. Two long 32-pounder guns, with iron carriages, are placed on the island to warn ships when they stand in danger Kennery Lighthouse. ‘ Since the first edition of this Gown was published, Captain Dundas, of the P. and O. Company’s steamer Cathay, has informed me that the statements of old travellers regardin these serpents are quite accurate. The serpents are not seen excepting during the south-west monsoon, the season in which alone vvyases used to be made to India. In Hersburgh’s Sailing Directions, ship- masters are warned to look out for the serpents, whose presence is a sign that the ship is close to the land. Captain Dundas says the serpents are yellow or copper-coloured. The harvest ones are furthest out to sea. The lie on the surface of the water, and appear too lazy even to get out of a steamer s way. 156 menu’s cums T0 sons“. suds. flag-stafi, with asst of flags complete, is also kept on the island. The Prongs Lighthouse is 1 1/5 sea miles S. W. by S. of the Colaba Lighthouse and stands in lat. 18° 52', 4.1", N.; long. 72° 47', 26', E. ; (in time) 4h. 51m. 10s., E. From high-water to centre of light it is 136' 8, and from foundation to top of ventilator 168’ 2'. It can be seen 18 sec miles by an observer, 18 feet above the water. The shaft or column, which is made of solid 3511131. stands on a concrete base. It is painted in bands of black, white, red, and white alternately, the black being at the bottom, to enable the tower to be seen more distinctly in the monsoon or early morning when there is often a. heavy fog on the water. The lighthouse is intended to guard the Prongs Beef, near the extremity of which, where it dries at low water, it is built. There is foul ground all round for at least 1} sea mile beyond the lighthouse. There are eight rooms in the lighthouse consisting of store-rooms and living rooms. The mgular stafi consists of five native and one European. The apparatus is a holophotal dioptric, first order, 10 seconds flash- ing white light. It is composed entirely of glass and has eight sides, the whole revolving once in 80 seconds, so as to show a bright flash every 10 seconds. The lantern is entirely composed of copper and gun metal, andis glazed with triangular panes of plate glass. The sides of the tower are hyperbolic curves. It is one of the largest lighthouses in the world, there being 51,000 cubic feet ashlar and over 63,000 cubic feet concrete in it. The whole lighthouse is estimated to weigh 10,000 tons. It cost £60,000. The steamer is now fairly in the harbour. In front stretches northwardsa spacious bay, sheltered on the right by several hilly islands and by the loftier mountains of the mainland beyond, while on the left lie Colaba. and the city of Bombay. ' COLABA. At the southern point of Colaba the first land seen is the site of the old English cemetery which was closed a few years The Prong! Lighthouse. The Harbour. DESCRIPTION or run CITY. 157 ago; then comes the old lighthouse, whose lamp was ex- ~tinguished in 1874 on the com- _ ’ pletion of the Prongs Lighthouse. The Lunatic Asylum, a horrible place, with utterly inadequate accommodation for the unhappy patients sent there, is on the west side of the promontory over against to the lighthouse. The need for a new asylum has been pointed out over and over again ; but the Government, though it can build palaces for its own servants, cannot afford to provide either a decent asylum for the insane or a proper hospital for poor Europeans. The Observatory comes next in order 3 and then the Pilot Bunder, used not only by the pilot boats, but also occasionally for the landing and storing of Govern. ment coal. The promontory here broadens into a wide space, whioh has been cleared for barracks and a parade. ground for the European troops. A wing of a European regiment of infantry and three batteries of a brigade of artillery are always quartered here. The situation is agood one, because the troops are kept at a distance from the native bazaar, and are still ready at hand if their presence should be required in Bombay. At the end of the parade.ground is St. John’s Memorial Church. The foundation stone of this church, erected in memory of the oflicers and men of the British army who fell in Afighanistan, was laid by Sir George Clerk, Governor of Bombay, on the 4th of December 1847- The plan was prepared by Mr. H. Conybeare, C.E., son of a late Dean of Llandaff. While the church was in course of construction, the Rev. G. Pigott, who first suggested this memorial of the fallen brave, and his successor at Golaba, the Rev. P. Ander. son, were both removed by death. Mr. Anderson lived to see the arrangements for the consecration of the building completed, when he was stricken by mortal disease. The ceremony of' consecration postponed on account of his death, was performed on the 7th of January, 1858, by Bishop Harding. At this date, the spire was Lunatic Asylum. Pilot Bunder. European Barracks and Parade-ground. St. J ohn's Church, Colaba. 158 MACLEAN’S cums 'ro nous“. nnbuilt; and the expense already incurred was Rs.1,27,000, of which Government had contributed Rs. 68,644. The spire cost an additional sum of Rs. 56,500, and was completed on the 10th June 1865. The money expended on the spire was raised by private subscriptions, mainly through the instrumentality of the Rev. W. Maule. Amongst the donors was our Parsee fellow-citizen Mr. (now Sir) Cowasjee Jehangeer,. who sanctioned the applica- tion to this purpose of a sum of Rs. 7,500 which he had given for an illuminated clock‘ to be placed in the tower. The style of the Church is early English. The building con- sists of a nave and aisles, with a chancel 50 feet in length by 27 in width. The tower and spire are 198 feet high. The great window contains representations of the offering up of Isaac, the Crucifixion, and the session of our Lord in glory ; on the minor compartments are depicted the principal types of the Old Testament, as also the eight writers of the New Testament. In the chancel are placed the “ memorial marbles," and the following inscription just below them explains their purpose: “ This Church was built in memory of the ofiicers whose names are written above, and of the non-commissioned officers and private soldiers, too many to be so recorded, who fell mindful of their duty, by sickness or by the sword, in the campaigns of Fcinde and Aflghanistan, A.D. 1838—43.” A memorial brass, set in the chancel pavement immediately before the altar, commemorates the founder of the church, the Rev. G. Pigott. A handsome window in the Baptistory testifies to the attachment of the congregation to the good pastor who succeeded Mr. Pigott, the Rev. Philip Anderson, the author of The English in Western India. The prayer-desk, the pulpit, the lectern, the litany'stool and the font are all gifts to the church, of which a recent delineator of its beauties, with pardonable enthusiasm, writes :—“ The church is not only architecturally the best of our churches, but, we may safely say, absolutely the best in India l” Abreast of the church is Oyster Rock, on which a good deal of money has been spent to convert it into a fort for the defence of the harbour DESCRIPTION or run cm. 159 The Harbour Defences of Bombay, as they were originally designed some eight years ago, consisted of six distinct works. The most costly and important is the fort on the Middle Ground Shoal, in the midst of the anchorage, and 1,800 yards from the shore. There were to have been twelve BOO-pounders on it, in iron-fronted easements, and two GOO-pounders in a turret. The foundations of this work have been completed to a height of a few feet above high water. Another fort was to have been built on the Oyster Rock, a patch dry at high water near the south end of the anchorage, 1,000 yards from the shore, and 3,000 south-west of the Middle Ground. The foundations of this work have been completed and a temporary battery of eight 10 and 19 inch guns has been placed upon them. The third work is a battery on Cross Island, towards the north end of the anchorage, 1,000 yards from the shore, and 4,000 from the Middle Ground, to be armed with seven 300- pounders. The top of the island has been out down, and a battery of six guns has been placed on the platform thus levelled. A tower on a shoal called the “ twelve-foot patch," 4,000 yards north-east of the Middle Ground, is to have two GOO-pounders, and the founda- tion Of this work has been formed. There is an earthen battery, with five 7 -inch guns “ en barbette,” at Malabar Point, on the other side of Bombay Island, where it is proposed to erect atower, with two 300-pounders in a turret, for the defence of Back Bay ; and at Colaba Point there is a battery, armed with four 68-pounders “ en barbette” and four 13-inch land service-mortars. Two iron-clad monitors, the “ Abyssinia” and the “ Magdala," specially designed to aid in the defence of Bombay harbour, arrived there early in 1871 ; their armaments consist of four IO-inch guns in two turrets. Colonel Jervois reported upon this scheme for the defence of Bom- bay harbour in April l872. He pointed out that the numerous duties imposed upon a sea-going fleet render a dependence upon it for the defence of harbours unreliable ; and that ports and coaling stations must, therefore, be rendered secure, independently of the action of a fleet. Monitors or floating batteries,-although they are Oyster Rock. The Harbour Defences ofBombay . 160 menu’s cums TO sous“. most valuable auxiliaries in conjunction with fixed defences, must not be exclusively relied upon. They afford an unsteady gun carriage, are liable to be penetrated by the guns of the present day, and may be ordered away from a particular post for general service. One important function of floating batteries would be to guard torpedoes at night, and prevent an enemy’s boats from tampering with the mines, but this service would be as well performed by gunboats ; and 18 suitable gunboats could be provided for the same cost as one monitor. With regard to the scheme for the land defences of Bombay, Colonel J ervois has pointed out that an enemy might enter the harbour, passing 6,000 yards from the Oyster Book, and take up a position 4,000 yards from the Middle Ground, and 5,200 from the Oyster Rock and the “twelve-foot patch," and thence shell the town or exact a few millions. An enemy should be prevent- ed from entering the harbour at all. With this object Colonel Jervois recommends that forts should be built at the entrance of the harbour, similar tothose at Spithead or Plymouth Sound, the depth being less than that on the side of the Plymouth Sound Fort, with a rocky bottom. He would build two such forts, circular, and each with eighteen 25-ton guns ; one in 83 feet of water, 3,900 yards from Colaba Point, and the other on what is called the “ lO-foot patch,” 4,000 yards west of Cariuja. They will be 5,400 yards from each other, and a fort on Colaba Point completes the line of defences. An enemy would be detained under their guns by electric torpedoes placed in the channel, and exploded by observation from the forts; while the two monitors and the three gunboats of the “ Blazer” class, carrying 25-ton guns, would complete the scheme. The cost of such a system of defences, including the gunboats, is estimated at 932,000l. A commission is still sitting to determine what shall be done towards carrying out this scheme. Approaching Middle Colaba, we come upon the earliest signs of the commercial enter. prise of Bombay. The foreshore here is very rocky and difiicult of approach, but Messrs. D. Sassoon and Co. have constructed a dock and bunder (wharf) Bassoon’s Dock. DESCRIPTION or run: cm. 161 on apiece of land purchased at a very high price from the late Back Bay Company, The bunder is composed of land reclaimed from the sea; and the dock has been excavated from the solid rock, and has now an average depth of eighteen feet of water on the sill. It is the first wet dock built in Bombay to enable large ships to discharge and load alongside a wharf, and it ought to be of great service to the trade of the port. 0n the reclaimed land spacious warehouses for storing goods have been built for Messrs. Graham and 00., and a Cotton Press company is also established here. Next in succession comes the Vic- toria Bunder and Basin, the approach to which in the S. W. monsoon is not very good, though when once inside the basin the boats are in still water. This bunder is not used very much as a landing-place, but a good deal of cotton is shipped here. The Gun Carriage Basin has been given up lately to the B. B. and C. I. Railway Company, who have built the terminus of their line Victoria Bunder and Basin. Gun Carriage Bunder. at this part of Colaba. We now pass the property of the Colaba Land Company, which is covered with warehouses and presses, and has a bunder running out as a pier into the harbour. Arthur Bunder was, a short time ago, used generally for landing vessels’ cargoes; but raw cotton only is now occasionally landed, and full-pressed bales are shipped. The Government Coal Depot is simply used for landing Govern- ment coal, and stowing it. Both the ap_ proach and basin itself are very rocky. The Apollo Reclamation, which stretches from the depot to the Apollo Bunder, is used only for landing raw and shipping full-pressed cotton. We have now reached the scene of the principal business of this port. As Bombay is, next to New Oi'leans, the largest cotton port in the world, the Cotton Green or Market in Colaba, about half a mile from the Fort, is quite worthy of a visit from any one either interested The Arthur Bunder. Government Coal Depot. Apollo Reclamation. The Cotton Green. 1]. 162 ancnmn’s cows 10 sons“. in the trade or in the peculiar business customs of India. The “Green” occupies an extent of ground, on either side of Colaba Causeway, of perhaps a mile and a half square in all, each native dealer or agent renting a plot proportioned to the extent of his business, which is termed his “ Jatha." But the gateway at the entrance to Grant Buildings and opposite to the Colaba terminus of the “ tramway” is the general meeting place between buyers and sellers. There the European merchant through his dulall or broker arranges the price and terms of purchase—a matter which, owing to the native love of bargaining, is a much more lengthy proceeding than it would be in England— after which he proceeds to the jatha, where the bulk of the cotton lies in the packages as received from up-oountry, and selects it bale by bale, stamping with a private mark whatever comes up to the standard bought, and rejecting anything inferior. The cotton is then weighed and sent to the press house, where the loose country packages are opened out and the contents packed by extremely powerful pressure into bales of about 10 cubic feet Containing 3% cwt. nott of cotton. The same quantity of cotton, spread out loose, would occupy a space of 150 cubic feet ; when stamped by men into docras (country packages), a space of 83 cubic feet; and, when “half” pressed,a space of about 50 cubic feet. About a million and a quarter of fully pressed bales are exported annually, and formerly the entire quantity came originally to Bombay in an unpressed state. Of late years, however, a. large proportion of the crop has been bought and pressed ready for shipment by European agency up-country without the intervention of the native dealer, so that for about two-thirds of the entire export Bombay has now become only a shipping port. The cotton season opens with the begin- ning of the native business year at the Dewallee, in the month of November, when the dealers bring out to their jathas the remainder of the previous crop which has been kept in store over the rains; and from that time until the monsoon again breaks, about the beginning of June, the place forms a striking picture of active, busy life, rendered peculiarly bright and attractive by the singular and varied costumes of the people. Dresses of every colour and DESCRIPTION or THE cur. 163 make are represented, from the plain “ solah topee" and white drill coat of the European merchant to the gold-embroidered shawl of the up-country shroif or native banker. The busiest time of the year is in the months of March, April, and May, and that is of course the best time to see the Green, but it will well repay a visit during market hours at any time during the open season. Until within the past few years, the general hours of attendance were from half-past six to nine in the morning ; but since the opening ofdirect telegraphic communication with England the hours have been made later to allow of the receipt of the previous evening’s Liverpool and New York telegrams ; and between eight and ten in the morning, and three and five in the afternoon, are now the working hours, by far the largest attendance, however, being in the morning. 1 We have now brought the visitor to Bombay as far up the harbour as the Apollo Bunder, having for con- venience’ sake described the places of interest on the way, which he may visit at his leisure when he comes ashore. Apollo Bunder—Wellington Pier is the official designation, but is never used in common parlance, and the Port Trustees have just determined to discard it—is the chief landing place for passengers, and the mail steamer stops off here to land the mails and allow such passengers as have made arrangements about their luggage (for Customs Regulations, seepage 37 of Part II.) to go ashore. This bunder is of comparatively recent date. Its name “ Apollo" is an English corruption of the native word Fallow, (fish),' and it was probably not extended and brought into use for passenger traffic till about the year 1819, as we find it spoken of in that year as the new bunder run out from the Esplanade. It Apollo Bunder. 1 Owing to a dispute between the cotton dealers and the Golaba Company about the rent of the ground on which the cotton was stored, the bulk of the cotton trade has recently been transferred to the Mesa: on Company’s property, at the other end of the harbour foreshore, a site at an inconvenient distance from places of business in the Fort, though affording superior facilities for the landing and ready inspection of the cotton for sale (1876). is“ M. Westropp gives a difierent derivation of the word: “P010, a cor- ruption of Palwu, derived from Pal, which, inter alia, means a fighting vessel, by which kind of craft the locality was probably frequented. From Palwa or Palwar, the bunder now called Apollo is supposed to take its name. In the me morial cfa grant of land, dated 5th December 1743, by Government to Essa Motra, in exchange for land taken from him as site for part of the fort we'ls. the pakharlé in question is called P4110." (Naorojea Beranv'i v. Rogers. High Court Reports, Vol. IV., Part 1.) 164 mcrmx’s cums 'l'o sousn. has of late years had considerable additions made to it in both length and breadth, at a total cost of £45,000 ; and the broad pier head is now the favourite place of resort for Bombay society in the evening when there is no band playing at the Bandstand. There is ample standing room here for several score of carriages, as well as for refreshment rooms, a custom house and a police ohowkey (station-house), which have been con- siderately built on the bunder for the accommodation of passengers. Supposing our traveller to land here, and to have a carriage en- gaged—if he has none, he can hire a buggy or jump into the tram-car at the top of the pier—we propose to take him round and give him a glance at RECENT IMPROVEMENTS IN BOMBAY. ' In foregoing chapters, an attempt has been made to describe the gradual growth of Bombay from the first occupation by the British ; when, at high tide, it was a collection of islets, and at low-tide a pcstilential swamp studded with eminences ; those to the north and west covered with jungle and uninhabited ; those to the east, as Mazagon and Dongree (Nowrojee Hill) densely inhabited by the poorer classes, and separated from the Fort (wherein lived all Europeans and wealthy natives) by the length of the Esplanade, to traverse which, except in broad daylight, was to run the risk of robbery and maltreatment by hordes of' ruflians who infested the skirts of the native town, and especially lay in wait in a deep hollow or ravine at the site of the present “Arthur Crawford” Markets. This state of , affairs continued up to the end of the last century, by which time the beneficial effect of the Hornby Vellard (see page 11) began to be perceived, in the drying up of the swamps. The town gradually crept over the reclaimed higher grounds, westward along Back Bay, and northward towards Byculla. The advance must have been very slow, for it was not until Sir Robert Grant’s term of office as Governor in 1835, that the necessity for communication between Choupatty (Girgauru) and Byculla led to the construction of the great main road named after that Gover- nor. Later on another main thoroughfare to the north of, and parallel 'VDESCRIPTION OF THE CITY. 165 to, Grant Road was constructed by General Bellasis—the work- people employed on it being fugitives from Surat during a season of famine—and named after him. Malabar Hill, Breach Candy, and Mahaluxmee being thus opened up on the west, the European and wealthy native population began to migrate to those neighbourhoods. For many years, however, after the completion of the Bellasis embanked road, with its two gaping black ditches on either side, no public work of any magnitude was attempted in Bombay ; and it was not until after the Mutinies, and towards the end of Lord Elphinstone’s tenure of office, that the City threw off its apathy, and bestirred itself in the matter of public improvements. . A great impetus to the movement was undoubtedly given by Lord Elphinstone himself, to whose determination and liberality the City owes the Vehar Water Works opened in 1861 ; which, for the first time, gave the town plenty of good water. The population, no longer annually liable to decimation by a water famine, increased rapidly ; trade increased with it, and demanded more foreshore space. This led to the birth of the Elphinstone Reclamation scheme, first of all fostered by his lordship ; who about the same time, with characteristic sagacity, saw the advantage to be gained by clearing away the Fort ramparts and filling in the Fort ditch. Sir George Clerk did not stay long enough in his second term of ofiice to leave his mark; but he was succeeded by Sir Battle Frere in 1862, who, promptly picking up the reins where they had been left by Lord Elphinstone, urged on the chariot of improvement at head-long speed through the cotton mania, to the terror and indignation of the Government of India, who, however, thanks to the broad basis on which all schemes for public improve- ment were then framed, have been forced reluctantly to sanction them, until the very appearance of the city has been changed and but few public buildings remain to be erected. It may thus be said that the greatest change has been efieoted in Bombay within the last 15 years. Sir Bartle Frere's designs for creating a New Bombay. 166 incumu's some T0 sons". The principal improvements have been let. The reclamations. 2nd. The communications. 3rd. The public buildings. A traveller landing at Apollo Bunder twenty years ago ' would (with the single exception of a few thousand feet frontage at the Dockyard, Custom House, and Castle) have found a foul and hideous foreshore from the Fort to Sewree on the east; from Apollo Bunder round Colaha and Back Bay to the west. All round the Island of Bombay was one foul cesspool, sewers discharg- ing on the sands, rocks only used for the purposes of nature. To ride home to Malabar Hill along the sands of Back Bay was to encounter sights and odours too horrible to describe—to leap four several sewers, whose gaping months discharged deep olack streams across your path— to be impeded as you neared Chowpatty by boats and nets and stacks of firewood, and to be choked by the fumes from the open burning Ghent and many an ancient and fish- like smellf To travel by rail from Boree Bunder to Byculla, or to go into Mody Bay, was to see in the foreshore the latrine of the whole population of the native town. The same traveller would now find handsome reelarnations effected on either side of him at Apollo Bunder, extending south-west- ward, with qnays and piers (and even a dock) almost to the Colaba church, and stretching from the Custom House to Sewree along the Mody Bay, Elphinstone, Mazagon, Tank Bunder and Frere Reclamations, a distance of at least five miles. He would be able to ride or drive along a splendid bridle path or road on the Back Bay Reclamation from Colaha to the foot of Malabar Hill, and—barring the Sonapore drain, w-hioh asserts itself unpleasantly now and then—would meet nothing more offen- sive than a native ayah or the smoke of a passing engine. In short, it may almost be said that the whole foreshore of Bombay has, within the past 15 years, been regulated and advanced into the see below low-water mark. Huge as the cost has been (not less than five The Reclamations. DESCRIPTION or THE cm. 167 millions of pounds sterling), the vast improvement that has resulted in the sanitary condition of the City, the great convenience ,and additional comfort to the masses, are some compensation for the money spent. The following are new roads or The Communications. 89".» 5» improved old tracks con- verted into handsome thoroughfares within the past 15 years :— The Colaba Causeway widened and re-built at a great cost by the last triumvirate of Municipal Commissioners between 1861 and 1863. The new road to Colaba by Back Bay over the Baroda Railway con- structed at the cost of that company and completed last year. The Espladade Main Read From the Wellington Fountain past the front of the new public buildings to the Money Schools.‘ Rampart Row (west) and Hornby Row. Junctions of Apollo Bunder with Marine Street and Rampart Row Road from Church Gate Street to Esplanade Main Road by the Queen’s Statue. N.B.—These roads, 3, 4|, 5, and 6. with certain cross roads, were constructed or improved by Government after the Fort walls were removed and Frere Town laid out. 4 7. Rampart Row East, from the Mint to Fort George Gate, constructed by Government on the site of the ramparts and part of Mody Bay Reclamation. 8. Boree Bunder Road to railway widened by the Municipality in 1865. 9. Market Road from Hornby Row to native town past the Arthur Crawford Markets. 10 and 11. Other roads round the Markets. N.B.—Nos. 9, 10 and 11 were widened and laid out by the Esplanade Fee-fund Committee in 1866. 12. 13. 14:. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 32. Cruickshank Road } - . Esplanade Cross Road Widened by Government in 1865 and 1866. Bandstand Roads made by Esplanade Fee-fund Committee in 1866 and 1867. The Queen’s Road along Back Bay made by Government and the Municipality in 1870 on the occasion of the Duke of Edinburgh’s visit. The Frere Road from Mody Bay to Mazagon over the Reclamation, and all the Elphinstone Land roads made by that company in the past seven years. ' The Nowrojee Hill Road from Dongree Cooly Street, parallel to the railway, to Mazagon constructed by the Municipality in 1865. Carnac Overbridge. Built in 1866-1867, at the joint expense of Musjid Overbridge. } the Municipality and the G. I. P. Railway, Elphinstone Overbridge. Government finding the land. Breach Candy, Mahaluxmi, and Tardeo roads widened and improved by the Municipality in 1866 and 1867. Grant Road improved and completed by the Municipality in 1872. 168 nscuuz’s owns 10 some“. Fflkland Rout Improved and completed by the Cmtwepoon Forest Road. Municipality in 1866, 1867 and 1868. Bells-sis and Clare Road } Arthur Road } Foras Roads over the Flats commenced by Govern- Clerk Road ment and the Municipality in 1862 and mostly De Lisle Road. finished by the Municipality in 1867 and 1868- Kennedy Sea Face is the new road on the banks of the Back Bay which has just been completed (1876). Many of these handsome roads are 80 feetv wide with broad footpaths bordered with trees, of which many thousands have been planted within the last ten years. Besides these principal roads every opportunity has been taken since 1865 of improving all thoroughfares, widening, straightening, or cutting 05 corners, and some such improvement will bemet with at every few hundred yards in driving through the city. Numerous gardens or planted enclosures have been laid out at suitable spots, such as the Rotten Pubm amen" Row Ride, by the late Mr. Bellasis ; the Elphinstone Circle Gardens, by the Municipality (completed in thirty-one days on the occasion of the Duke of Edinburgh’s visit) ;the Hornby Row Garden, by the Esplanade Fee-fund Com. mittee ; the garden at the Arthur Crawford Markets, by the Municipality ; the Northbrook Garden, by public subscription, &0. the Camatteepoora Road Garden, by the Municipality, &c. All these new roads or extensions and improvements of old roads have not cost less than £500,000 sterling. While, however, a resident in Bombay can appreciate the improve- ments effected by the reclamations and new roads, the traveller’s eye will naturally be attracted chiefly by the numerous handsome buildings scattered about the town. - Arrived at Apollo Bunder he will see a magnificent pile of build. ings just completed for the Sailors’ Home, the gift (£25,000) of Khan- derao Gaekwar on the occasion of the visit of H. B. H. the Duke of Edinburgh. This building, designed by Mr. F.W. Stevens, is one of the most efiective of Bombay’s architectural efiorts, and it has the advantage of occupying the finest site on the Esplanade, four of the 53%;??? The Public Buildings. The Sallors' Home. DESCRIPTION or run cm. 169 principal roads converging at this point. It was, however, originally designed to occupy a much less important position at the bottom of Hornby Row, where the foundation-stone was originally laid by H. R. H. the Duke of Edinburgh, the stone being afterwards removed and re-laid at the Apollo Bunder. Passing the Wellington Fountain—built by public subscription in memory of the great Duke-a somewhat sombre erection of a cast- iron design, carried out in stone by Colonel Fuller, R.E., he will, if he bears to the left, see first of all the enormous structure of the Secretariat, designed by Colonel Wilkins, R.E., and built at a cost of (we believe) £130,000. The building faces Rotten Row and Back Bay to the west, and has a frontage of 443} feet, with two wings towards the rear (east),81 feet in length, the ends of which are in form three sides of an octagon. The basement, which will contain the printing presses, is 16 feet in height on a plinth of 2* feet ; the first floor, to contain the council hall, committee rooms, private apartments, and the Revenue Department offices, is 20 feet in height ; the second, to accommodate the Judicial and Military Depart- ments, is 15 feet, and the third, for the Public Works and Railway oflices, is 14 feet; the total height from floor level to tie beams being 65 feet. In the entrance hall the principal staircase com- municating with each floor is lighted by shafted windows contained in a single lofty arch, reaching through the several stories, and crowned by a large gable forming a principal feature in the west facade. The main centre of the building is provided with arcaded verandahs on the west or front ; the remaining portion of the frontage up to the wings being retired and protected by sun shades, supported on braokets and corbels ; on the east side closed corridors of communication run throughout the building. The north faces of the wings are arcaded, the south corridors being enclosed. The style is Venetian-Gothic. The walls are rubble and chunam masonry, exteriorly faced with Coorla stone khandkies in courses ; the corridor arches on the ground floor are of alternate blue basalt and Porebunder stone ; those of the first floor, of alternate New Secretariat. 170 Isctnim’s GUIDE To sons“. red basalt and Porebunder stone. The pillars are moulded Coorla cutstone ; the small corridor shafts, the capitals and cornices of “ Pauper” or Hemnuggur stone, a very superior silicious sandstone of a milkly white tint.‘ The outer cornice of the second floor will be of Ransome’s patent stone. A few models of the carved work to the main entrance doors, designed by Mr. Molecey, were obtained from the School of Art. The Secretariat is remark- able for its portentous size and the inconvenience of the number of small rooms into which it is broken up. The side views of the exterior are good, but'its flat uniform front, facing Back Bay, looks as if the architect had tried to build something which should be a cross between a barrack and a workhonse. Next to it are two smaller buildings, both by Sir Gilbert Scott, the first the Senate or Sir Cowasjee J ehanghier Hall for the University, just completed, the second the University itself, not yet completed as to the tower. The architecture of the Senate Hallis of an early French type of the 13th century. The hall is 104 feet in length, by 441 feet in breadth, with a height of 63 feet to the apex of the groined ceiling, with a semi-circular apse of 38 feet diameter, separated from the hall by an imposing arch, occupying a space of 7 feet in the length of the building. The front corridor is 11 feet, and the side corridors 8 feet broad in the clear. There is a gallery round three sides of the hall, 8 feet in breadth, supported on ornamental iron brackets, and reached by staircases in octagonal towers at either side of the entrance porch. The facing is of Coorla hammer-dressed rubble in courses of 5 inches depth, pointed with Portland Cement. The plinth is chisel-dressed Coorla. ; bases, capitals, cornices and all other dressings of Porebunder ; shafts of blue basalt, except in the main entrance, where they are marble. The groining is turned in buff bricks with Porebunder stone ribs ; the floors paved with Minton tiles, and roofs of Taylor’s patent tiles. The building has cost Rs. 4,15,804, of which Mr. Cowasjee J ehanghier contributed one lakh. Among the public buildings that have been erected in Bombay, the University Hall stands pre-eminent, both as regards the purposes for University Senate Hall. onsonnmou or run cm. 171 which it was erected and the beauty of its architecture. The general appearance of the exterior is satisfactory and pleasing, and, as might be expected from such a master of the art as Sir Geo. G. Scott, the proportions are excellent. An air of sobriety and useful- ness characterises the whole design, and few will deny that it bespeaks the purpose for which it is intended. IThe open stair- cases are at least novel, if not original, in idea, but it has been found necessary to protect them during the monsoon. The interiors of these staircases are well worthy of observation, as they are masterpieces of construction, and the double columns will not fail to attract attention, as some of them are monoliths seventeen feet long. The porch is an elegant addition to the building, and being placed at the north end will afford sufficient protection to the entrance doorways, though the arches are carried up to the highest point the horizontal cornice would allow. The four spirelets are not merely ornamental asmight be supposed, for up to a very short distance of the termination of the square they contain the stone staircases that lead to the roof gutters, and the additional weight obtained in the case of the two southern ones must act as a counter- poise to the thrust of the large interior arch. The finials that terminate them at the apex, being seen against the sky, are con- spicuous features and are well proportioned. There isa want of exactness in some of the lines of the spires which a critical observer cannot fail to notice. The modelling of the gargoyles that carry the water from the gutters shows a want of the knowledge of anatomy, and the finials over the buttresses, too, are rather made. The same remark applies generally to the carving both outside and in, with very few exceptions. The foliage to the capitals, it will be noticed, is in many instances out of date with the building. Many bits of the carving, too, have evidently been taken from well-known sources, illustrated by hard li~\y German prints, and are unmeaning in form and character. It is tn be regretted that Colonel Fuller did not obtain the best possible assistance that was to be had in Bombay for this portion of the work. It seems to us that for a building of such importance it would 172 IACLEAN'B cum: T0 sous“. have been advisable either to have obtained plaster models from England for all the carved work, or to have engaged the services of a competent modeller from England. The interior of the building, arched over by massive ribs of stone and presenting one unbroken line of roofing from end to end, inter- sected only from the apse by the large arch, conveys to the mind but one idea, that of grandeur. From all points, the view is equally satisfactory. The brackets that support the gallery and the rail- ing are indeed beautiful pieces of ironwork. The designs were furnished by Mr. Molecey, who has been the architect entrusted with the delicate task of preparing the working drawings and carrying out Sir G. Scott’s design. The coloured decoration of the brackets is not quite pleasing; a warmer tone should have pervaded them, but the introduction of the gilding has been judicious and appropriate. The iron railing with its one tint of rust colour, picked out in gold, is light and elegant in design, and the gilt line in the wood fasecia serves to connect the brackets and railings. The glass is, as regards the side windows and the circular window at the end, among the very best we have seen ; but we may here remark that the proper time for seeing it is before noon, for, owing to the verandahs being continuously arched from end to end, agreat deal of light is excluded from the upper parts of the side windows, and in the evening, owing to this circumstance, the brilliancy of the glass on the east side is completely obscured. The introduction of the coats of arms of the past chancellors was a happy idea of Mr. Molecey’s, as by their means the date of the incorporation of the University and the building of the hall is indicated. The arms of the benefactor, Sir Cowasjee Jehanghier Readymoney, have also been appropriately introduced, but there is one missing that might have found a place amongst the others, and that is the arms of the architect, Sir Geo. Gilbert Scott. The interior of the hall has been greatly marred by the introduction of six “Brummagem” gas chandeliers in imitation bronze, that are suspended by iron rods from the cross arches. These chandeliers are Quite out of character with the building. DESCRIPTION or run cm. 1’73 The UniVersity Library and Clock Tower was also designed by Mr. Gilbert Scott, and carried out in the same manner as the University Hall by detail drawings provided by Mr. Molecey, the resident architect. The ground-floor contains two side rooms, each 56? X30', a central hall 30’X 27;", and a staircase vestibule 28' square, projecting to the rear in an octagonal form, whilst to the west front is the tower, forming a carriage porch 26’ square, inside measurement, and 36 feet outside, so that the walls are each 5 feet thick. The total length of the building is 152 feet. Along the west front is an open arcade 14 feet wide with round open staircases at either end, leading to the floor above. The arcade is groined in quadrapartite vaulting in Porebunder stone. The upper floor, which is to be devoted to the Library Reading Room, consists of one room extend- ing the whole length of the building, its measurement being 146’ x 30’ and 32’ to the apex of the arched teak-panelled roof that covers it. Over the carriage porch there is the tower0 which already forms such a conspicuous feature in the panorama of Bombay, and which, when completed, will be 280’ high from the ground to the top of the metal finial. The height of the first stage, where the square form is changed. is 68'; the second stage to the top of the tower 118', and the third stage to the top of the finial 941'~tota1280.' The height to the centre of the clock face, which is 12’ 6" internal and 16' 6" external diametre is 167” The clock face will be illuminated by gas at night-time, a jet of gas being always kept burning, so that by a mechanical arrangement the gas can be turned in at a certain hour by the machinery itself. The stair-case octagonal vestibule is groined in Porebunder stone, the ribs springing from corbelled dwarf columns. The landing to the staircase, which is 9' wide, is also groined underneath, the two cross arches springing from the carved corbelled heads of Homer and Shakespeare that are ingeniously carved out of the capitals of thetwo large columns supporting the wall above. The large windows that light the staircase, as well as the windows of the library, are all glazed with stained glass obtained from the studio of Messrs. Heaton University Library. 174 IACLEAN'S comm T0 semen. Butler and Bayne of London. Amongst the items especially worthy of notice will be “ the peel of joy bells” contained in the open spirelet of the tower, which, together with the clock, will cost about Rs. 30,000. The bells will be struck by machinery. The library is estimated at Rs. 280,748: the tower at Rs. 217,345 ; that the total cost of the building becomes Rs. 528,093, which will be covered by Mr. Premchund Roychund’s gift, in 1864-65, of four lakhs, and the interest thereon. This sum, however, will probably not suffice to provide for forty statues which will have to be placed in position if the building be ever carried out in its entirety. Next comes the High Court, designed by Colonel Fuller, R.E. (who has built all the new public build- ings), now in course of erection, at a cost of £140,000. The Court will excel the Secretariat in size, but not, we hope, in ugliness. Judging from the arrangement of the plan, however, the same mistakes appear to be committed in this building as in the Secretariat. A grave defect, and one that can never fail to make it a matter of regret that the design of the building was not entrusted to a professional architect, is in the ar- rangement of the entrance and approach to the principal staircasei which can only be reached by a passage way 10 feet wide, leading from the carriage porch to the back of the building. The principal entrance doorway, and many of the details, such as windows that light the principal staircase, &c., are simply copies of examples given in Brandon’s Analysis of Gothic Architecture. The whole of the in- terior fittings have been carried out from the drawings and designs prepared by Mr. John Adams, architect. Adjoining is the Public Works Secretariat, a tasteful Venetian Gothic building, designed by Colonel (then Captain) H. St. Clair Wilkins, R.E., A. D. C. to the Queen, and costing £12,000. This new build. ing to accommodate the offices of the Public Works Department was commenced in 1868, the limit of cost having been raised by the Government of India from 3} lakhs to 41 lakhs. The building is 288} feet in length, 50} feet in breadth, and The High Court. Public Works Omces. I _ _- ,.____\_.va . DESCRIPTION or THE our. 175 consists of a basement, two stories over all, and a third storey over the centre portion, forming a handsome and commanding architec- tural feature. The height to the eaves generally is 541 feet, and in the centre 82 feet, the highest point of the roof being 116 feet. The building contains 916,700 cubic feet. The building is faced with hammer-dressed coursed blue basalt rubble in courses not deeper than 5 inches, with bands in Coorla rubble ; the dressings of Porebunder stone, with red and blue basalt, alternating with Porebunder stone, in the arches. A broad road leading to the Fort separates this building from the new Post Oflice designed by Mr. :2:;2)Tbmc& Paris and costing £60,000. Both the Post Office and the Public Works Sec~ retariat have, unfortunately, been turned the wrong way, being set end on to the sea, instead of showing their full fronts. North of the Post Office, again, and at the junction of the main Esplanade Road is the Telegraph Office, which cost £25,000, designed by Mr. Paris. And last, but not least, at the extreme point of the junction of these main roads, is the superb white marble statue of Her Majesty, by Noble, also the gift of Khanderao Guicowar, at a cost of £18,000. This statue is the most beautiful work of the kind in the City, and we have therefore chosen it as our frontispiece. When Lord Northbrook arrived in Bombay in April 1872 as the new Viceroy of India in succession to the murdered Lord Mayo, one of his first public acts in India was to uncover‘ this lovely monument. The statue was at first intended to be a companion to the Albert Statue, which now stands in the new Victoria Hall, and is, for beauty and importance, the chiefest ornament there; but later considerations induced the magnate of Baroda to allow it to be placed on the prominent point on the Esplanade where it now stands; and to give it an appearance befit- ting its more public situation, the handsome marble canopy projecting over the regal crown which adorns the forehead of the Queen was added to the original design. So beauti. Queen’s Statue. 176 MACLEAN’S cums To some". ful is the statue that it would seem as if a description of it could only be treated poetically; and that to descend into a close technical description would overweigh the pleasurable feelings stirred within every one who sees it. Speaking in general terms, we may endeavour to give an idea of its character. Rising out of a marble-paved octagonal platform, the material for which, laid out in tesselars, was brought from China, the monument, out in fine Carrara marble, reaches a height of 42 feet. The base- ment, consisting of several steps, on the top of which the statue rests, rises to a height of seven feet ten inches. The statue itself is of colossal size, and though Her Majesty is represented in a sitting posture, she measures over 8 feet high. The canopy and Gothic peak, which are above her, bring the total height to 4.2 feet. The whole design is in pure Gothic. To describe the orna. mentation would be diflicult, so varied, minute, and intricate is it. The dress of Her Majesty is, by the art of the sculptor’s chisel, made to look like lace work; the state chair, which is surmounted by a crown, is made to have embossed cushions ; the canopy hang: with all the grace of arras ; and the florid peaks which arise above are as graceful as the delicate points which arrest the attention of visitors to the most perfect Gothic structures at home or on the Continent. In front of the pedestal the royal coat-of-arms is a prominent object ; in the centre of the canopy there is the star of India; above that the rose of England mingles with the lotus of Hindostan, as emblematic of the junction of Britain and India. as the statue itself, while around them curl the mottoes, “ God and my right” and “ Heaven’s light our guide." Besides these ac- cessories, the leaves of the oak and ivy, symbols of strength and friendship, adorn the plinth and capital of the columns ; and in the multifarious mouldings the oak and the ivy twine with the lotus in delicate chisellings. On panels surrounding the statue there are inscriptions, in four languages, each telling their tale about the late Gaekwar’s statue of Her Majesty. At a cost of Rs. 7,000 the statue has recently been encircled by a railing which harmonises with the general design. nascsmron or was cm. 177 The whole of this superb row of public buildings, beginning and ending with a gift of the late Khanderao Guieowar, when finished and supplemented, as we hope it may be, by a noble European hospital, will be unrivalled in any city in Asia. But, however fine the exterior, it must, we fear, he confessed that the internal arrangm ments of most of the new buildings, with the exception of the Post Oflice and the Telegraph Oflice, are far from satisfactory, and that “ Venetian-Gothic” has not been proved to be the best style of architecture for a tropical climate. Should the traveller, after leaving the Wellington Fountain, bear to the right, following the line of the tramway, he will be struck by the picturesque appearance of the broken outlines of the old Fort buildings on the face of the old ramparts. He will first arrive, on the left, at the David Sassoon Mechanics' Institute, a small but elegant building the gift partly of the late benevolent citizen, David Sassoon, and partly of his son, Sir Albert Sassoon, costing £15,000. The institute contains a good library, the subscription to which is Rs. 6 a quarter. In the entrance hall is a remarkable statue, somewhat idealized, of Mr. David Sassoon, by Woolner. The Bassoon Meohanios' Institute. Adjoining it, is the building, substantial and sufficiently handsome, leased by the Municipality from Mr. Ardasir Wadia. Then comes the pretentious, but somewhat unsightly, Watson’s Hotel, built, at an enormous cost, of iron and brick, on perhaps the best site in Bombay. A long open space (may it remain so !) at the rear of the Uni- versity buildings follows, and then a cross road, and then the hand- some edifice occupied by the National Bank. Then a long line of handsome private offices and shops with stone arcades, one block occupied by the Bombay Club, another by the Comptoir d’Escompte de Paris, all at the back of the New High Court, and faced by the Oriental Bank. Last of all come Treacher’s Buildings, a building (designed by W. Emerson) possessing great architectural merit. Rampart Row. 12 178 MACLEAN'B cows '10 sous“. In the “ Grande Place" formed at this point, is the Frere Foun- tain, a very beautiful work of art which forms a splendid central feature in the perspective. This fountain was intended by the Agri-horticultural Society for the centre of the Victoria Gardens, £2,700 having been subscribed for the purpose ; but after the commercial crash of 1865, it was found that the cost would be nearly £9,000 ;—the Agri-horti- cultural Society was itself insolvent, but it happily occurred to Mr. Crawford, in his double capacity as President of the Society and Mem- ber of the Esplanade Fee-fund Committee, to arrange that the latter body should pay the money still due and erect the fountain on its present site. Straying towards the Town Hall, the traveller will pass the old Sassoon’s Buildings and the cathedral, partly renovated in 1865 to’68, Elphiniwne on"=19- but incomplete for want of funds. On his way to the Elphinstone Circle he will pass Wallace’s Buildings (of which the less said the better), and next to them Sassoon’s Buildings, designed by Mr. Rienzi Walton, decidedly the best specimen of street architecture in Bombay. He will then face the Town Hall, flanked by the Elphinstone Circle, an imposing collection of buildings, with arcaded fronts, built at the very height of Bombay’s prosperity in 1863, on sites for which the OWuers, chiefly English mercantile firms, paid a heavy price to the Municipality. It was Mr. Forjett who conceived the idea of converting the old Bombay Green in front of the Town Hall into a circle. Lord Elphinstone and Sir Bartle Frere warmly supported the scheme. The Municipality of the day bought up the whole site and re-sold it at a large profit in build- ing lots with building conditions. Those who remember what Bombay Green was, with its clouds of pigeons, the mean little pagoda and the dirty, dusty, open space around, will agree with us in thinking that there have been few such striking improvements as this in Bombay. Returning to the Frere Fountain after admiring the Circle garden, which has grown up marvelloust since its creation for the Duke of Edinburgh’s visit—the traveller, following Homby Row, will obserVe The Frere Fountain. Homby ROW. l DESCRIPTION or THE CITY. 179 on his left Miss Prescott’s Fort Christian Schools. This building, like the University Hall and Library, likewise dates its origin from the share mania times. Its existence is the result of the unselfish labours of Miss Prescott, a lady who for some years has devoted her life and her means to the education of a few children irrespective of caste or creed. Some friends on her behalf appealed to Sir Bartle Frere, who made a grant of the land on which the building stands, free of cost. Mr. Premchund Roychund likewise assisted by a gift of money, but the greater part of the expense has been borne by Miss Prescott, who collected the necessary funds from friends and others interested in a good cause. The founda- tions were laid in 1871, but the building was not proceeded with for three or four years, owing to various obstacles that it is not necessary to explain here. The buildings consist of a ground floor, first floor and second floor. The ground floor is devoted to the school-room, which measures 62 x 25 X 19, with a cook- room, godown, staircase, latrines, Am. The first floor is the Lady Superintendent’s sitting-room and bedroom, with a bedroom 25 x 25 x 15 for boarders, containing eight beds with bath-rooms, &c., attached. Over the cook-room and godown is the hospital room, entirely shut 0E from the other portion. On the second floor is the matron’s room with a large bedroom, 45 X 25 x 21, contain. ing fourteen beds with washing room, two bath rooms, 8w, at. tached. The tota‘ length of the west front is 66 feet, and of the north front 100 feet. The height to the ridge of the main roof is 67 feet. The present height of the staircase tower is 57. The Fort Christian School was designed by Mr. George Twigge Molecey, F. B. I. B. A. Some way down on his right he will come to a. very large stone building erected for the Parsee Benevolent Institution by the family and bearing the name of the great Sir Jamsetjee Jeejeebhoy, whose statue, with those of other notable citizens, he will find in the Town Hall. A number The Fort Christian Schools The Parsse BeneVOlent Institution. 180 MACLEAN’S GUIDE TO BOMBAY. of towering private houses, all arcaded, will be passed on the left, and the traveller will then follow the tram- way to the Arthur Crawford Markets, passing on his way the Sir Jamsetjee Jeejeebhoy School of Art new building. The total length of this building is 275 feet. There are four private studies for the masters, each 30 x 30, and four general class rooms, each 60 x 30 ; also three large store rooms, each 20 x 30, and four small store rooms. Over the carriage porch is the Super. intendent’s room, 23 x 25. There are two private staircases The New School 01AM. leading to the private studeos, and two general staircases. The large ball on the ground-floor measures 55 x 30, and above this is the museum and library. It will be noticed that the building is not parallel with the main road; but the necessary light for the studios would not have been obtained had the usual symmetry been adhered to. The building is plain and unostentatious, the funds not admitting of much ornamenta- tion. The architect for this building was Mr. George Twigge Molecey, F.R.I.B.A. A description of the Markets will be found elsewhere. They were designed by Mr. Emer- son, and form a very bold feature at the entrance of the principal thoroughfares in the town. Persons curious to get a good bird’s-eye view of- Bombay can- View of Bombay mm the not do better than mount to the top Market Clock Tower. of the Clock Tower (128 feet), whence they will command the whole city. Skirting the Esplanade, due west, the traveller will observe several large buildings on his left. The first is the Goculdass Tejpal Native Hospital. It seems that, in 1865, there was a great outcry for another native hospital, and the late Mr. Rustornjee Jamsetjee Jeejeebhoy offered to provide £15,000 if Government would give £10,000 and the site, and if the Municipality would support the hospital. Everything was so arranged, when the financial crisis prevented the munificeut son of Sir Jamsetjee The Goculdas Tejpal Hospital. DESCRIPTION or run crrr. 181 from carrying out the scheme. It lay in abeyance for some years until Mr. Goculdass Tejpall, a very wealthy and benevolent citizen, was on his death-bed. The Municipal Commissioner (Mr. Craw- ford) then waited upon Mr. Goculdas with the plans, and obtained a Cheque for £15,000, armed with which, he subsequently induced Government and the Municipality to abide by the former arrangement. Thifl building was designed by Col. Fuller R.E., and unfortunately exhibits many or most of the worst faults of the amateur ar- chitect. There is a curious mixture of styles, the author evident- ly intending his design to be English architecture of the 13th cen- tury, whereas probably from lack of ideas he has in places deliberate- ly copied Venetian-gothic details from Mr. Ruskin’s “ Stones of Venice.” This building also exhibits most conspicuously a fault common to other ambitious structures in Bombay, that they show a disproportionate quantity of roof. As the roots are covered with smooth coloured tiles laid in lines 0f mechanical regularity, they suggest the notion that the buildings must have been set up by machinery. St. Xavier’s College follows : a plain but most capacious building, a monument of the wonderful devo- tion, energy, and determination of the Roman catholic clergy of this Presidency. This building, begun A. D. 1868, was completed A. D. 1873 ; the total cost was Rs. 2,62,194, towards which sum Government gave, 24th March 1871, Rs. 61,308, the balance being made up by the subscriptions of the Catholic clergy and laity. At the beginning of the present year the pupils numbered 708, some of them attending the college course, but only by far the greater number being in ,the school division. St. Xavier’s College. As if to shutout the somewhat plain western face of this structure, the New Elphinstone High School, to which Sir Albert Sassoon has contri- buted £10,000, is being erected on the front of the main Esplanade Road. The total length of this building is 452 feet. There are twenty-eight class rooms, averaging 30 x 25, and four masters’ rooms The Elphinstone High School. 182 MACLEAN’B GUIDE TO Bone“. 20 x 25. The large hall on the first floor measures 62 x 85 below and 70 x 35 above the end gallery, with a passage way ten feet wide all round ; the height from floor to ceiling being 35 feet. Above the large hall is the library, 53 x 23. There are several novel features in this design, viz. the covered play-ground under the central portion of the building, the external staircase leading to the large hall, and the arrangement of the plan. The foundation-stone for this building was originally laid on the opposite side of the Esplanade Main Road and parallel with it, but the site being afterwards changed, the stone was removed to its present position under the carriage p rch, where it may be seen on the right-hand side, facing the entrance; the inscription stone on the left hand being afterwards prepared. The inscription is as follows :—- Tms 'nnz FIRST MON] 01’ ms BASSOON BUILDING! ron rm! ELPHINSTOFB are! scnoon TOWARDS THE FRICTION OF WHICH THE 51:)! 02 OBI LAKE AND A HALF OF RUPIIXB WAs con-raisins]: BY rm; HONORABLE snz ALBERT nAvn) sAssOON KT. 0.5.x. WAs LAID BY ms EXCELLENCY rm: mam nox'nm! sin w. n. BIYMOUR VESEY FITZGERALD e.c.s.l. 2.0, eovmmon 0F BOMBAY on was 3RD DAY or MAY Am 1872. The design for this building was prepared by Mr. George Twigge Molecey F.R.I.B.A. - In the “place” opposite the Money Schools close by, is an immense gas lighthouse, with fountains at the foot, presented by the late Mr. Rustomjee Jamsetjee Jejeebhoy, Having thus gone the round of the Esplanade, the traveller will feel with us, that, whatever mistakes may have been committed, DESCRIPTION or run our. 188 whatever opportunities thrown away or misused, yet, when one or two gaps are filled, a European hospital provided, and agood theatre and music hall erected near the Money Schools, Bombay may be very proud of the Esplanade. Travelling through the native town towards Parell our visitor, while he will be struck by the picturesque gables and lofty houses in Kalbadavie, will see no The Jamsefiee Jejeebhoy building worthy of note until he and Cowag“ “Muskie, Hos. arrives at the Sir Jamsetjee Jejeebhoy pitali- Hospital, including a fine hospital originally built by the old Baronet and added to by his sons, who have also provided a Leper Hospital and Inourable Ward close by ; while Sir Cowasjee Jehanghier Readymoney has presented an Opthalmic Hospital at the same site. Proceeding towards Parell the traveller will notice the very plain Jewish Synagogue, and then shudder at the ugliness of the Byculla Schools and Church. His last sight of public buildings will be at the Victoria Gardens, where the Victoria Museum,,a hand- some structure, gorgeously ornamented within, stands back from the road, the Sassoon Clock Tower in front. The Bombay Museum was founded by Lord Elphinstone, under the name of the “ Government Central Museum,” for the illustration of the economic products and natural history of Western India. The late Dr. Buist, LL.D. F.R.S., was the first curator, and the Rev. Dr. Fraser LL.D. succeeded him. The collections organised by these gentlemen were lodged in the Town Barracks, and on the breaking out of the mutiny in 1857 they were destroyed, the brigadier commanding the Bombay garrison having ordered them to be thrown out of the windows. In the same year Lord Elphinstone appointed the indefatigable Dr. Birdwood as curator, who, with the aid of Dr. Bhau Daji, raised a large sum of money by subscriptions from the public for the erection of a building. It was erected in the Agri-hortioultural Society’s garden ; and thus was established the Victoria and Albert Museum and Gardens, at a The Victoria Museum and Gardens. 184 IACLEAN’S cums ro serum. total cost of 100,0001. The first stone was laid by Sir Battle Frere in November 1862 ; but the works were stopped in 1865 for want of funds, and it was not until 1868 that the Government again undertook to complete them. The new museum was opened in 1871. It contains a fine statue by Noble of the late Prince Consort. The Victoria Gardens, having lately been entirely remod- elled, may now be classed amongst the permanent attrac- tions of Bombay, and seeing how the public appear to ap- preciate the improvements thus introduced, it is somewhat surprising that they should have been permitted to remain, until very recently, little better than a tangled jungle. The area of the entire ground is over thirty-four acres, but of this the two acres in the immediate vicinity of the Victoria and Albert Musuem are the property of Government, and are merely entrusted to the charge of the Municipality, to whom the rest of the gardens belong. The whole, however, is enclosed within one boundary, which on three sides consists of masonry walling, and on the west side (the main entrance) of handsome cast-iron railings and a quadruple set of very ornate gates. The grounds are appropriately laid out with broad paths, raised terraces, and miniature ornamental lakes, and, being richly wooded with choice and rare kinds of tropical trees and plants, present at all times a grate- fully cool and refreshing aspect. To be seen at their best, the visitor should select either early morning or evening; as, in the former case, the freshness of all around, fragrant with the scent of numbers of choice flowers and creepers, will amply compensate for the little inconveniences usually attend- ant upon enforced matutinal exertions, whereas, in the latter case, the gorgeous and varied costumes of the native ladies and gentlemen (who frequent the gardens of an evening by thousands), combining with the rich green of the surmund. ing foliage, adds a feature of vivacity to the scene very charming in its effect, and presents a kaleidoscopic study of endless interest to even the most ordinary observer. The general plan of the gardens may be thus described :—On the right of the main nnscnrrrrou or run cm. 185 entrance a large portion has been laid out in the style known as Eng- lish landscape gardening, embracing high banks and mounds, winding paths, terraces, lawns, ornamental lakes spanned by rustic bridges, and also spaces reserved for badminton and croquet. To the east of this, a deer park is in process of preparation, three sides of which are enclosed by water, and the fourth by a high fence, and within theseboundaries may be seen sa/mbhu/r, cheetul, black buck and other species of deer, besides neil ghai and bison ,- all apparently happy and contented in their confinement. To the east of the museum, a rustic bandstand has been construct- ed, at which, during the geater portion of the year, the band of H. E. the Governor, or of one of the local regiments, is accustomed to charm the public ear with bi-weekly performances. Between the bandstand and the museum building, raised terraces have been made for promenading purposes, and immediately in front of the former, a. large open space has been levelled and made suitable for carriage trafiic, so that those who are disinclined for exercise, may listen to the music at their case and comfort. The rest of the gar- dens is intersected by broad paths, belts, and parterres of flowers, wide lawns, nurseries &c. &c.; and at its extreme east is amenagerie,where will be found a very fair collection of animals, including tigers, leopards, bears &o. Adjoining, is an aviary containingacollection of numerous birds, both native and exotic. The collection of flowers, shrubs, and trees is very large and varied. The former class includes, in addition to those in. digenous to this country, many of the beautiful annuals fa- miliar to us in Europe. Of roses there are one hundred different kinds alone, some very rare; but the European stranger, unaccustomed to tropical flora, and to the vari- egated and parti-coloured-leafed shrubs of this country, will take most interest in the bougainvillia, acalyphas, crotons, clerOden‘ drons, pilodendrons, calladinms, oissus, begonias, ooleis and numere one other examples of this kind which grow to such perfection in Bombay. The following is a list of the most noteworthy to be found in the 186 IACLIAN’B GUIDE TO BOMBAY. gardens, from which seeds or cuttings may be obtained at a moderate charge on application to the superintendent :—- TREES. Guatteria lnnuifolia. Adana Inia digitata. Bomber malabaricum. Eriodendron anfractuo- sum. Sterculia fastida. Riedlia tiliofolia. Pternspermum folium. Cochlospermum gossy- pium. Calophyllum inophyllum. Sapindus emar inatus. Melia azadarac ta. Anacardium occidentale. Spondies mangifera. Gurruga pinnnta. Agati grandiflora. Erythrina. indica (red and white). suberi- Butea frondosa. Pi inzarnia glabra. Dalbergia latii‘olia. Inga d ulcis. Severtenia mahogani. Cinnamomum Z e ii an i - ciom. Michelin. champaca. Thespesia populnea. Calabash. Grevillia rubusta. Eucaly tus globulus - ( two inds). Cicca desticha. Perkin. biglandulosa. Adenanthera pavcnina. Vachellia farnesiana. Acacia. odcratissima. Poinciana regia. Parkinsonia aculeata. Jonesia asoca Tamarendus indica, Cassia fistula, ,, florida. Banhimia racemosa. ,. vahlii. Lawsonia alba. Lagerstraamla regime. Termenalia catappa. Pentaptera tcmentosa. Syzyg'ium jambolanum. Cav eya arborea. Naucloa sp. Ixora parviflora. i Mimnsnps elengi. ‘, Plumieria acuminata. Bignonia spathacea. ,, quadrilocularis. , , indica. Casuarina muricata. l Cordia sebestena Gmelina arborea. Tectcna urandis. Pisonia morindifolia (China lettuce.) Macarangia roxburghii. Ticus indica. ,, religiosa. ,, elastica. ,, bI-‘l ghalensls, Cupressus sempervirens ,, glauca. ,, fnuehris a n d many others. Arancarias of kinds. Agave sp. Gycas circinalis (palm). Oreodoxa regia ,, Areca catechu ,, 0 cos nucifera ,, Caryota urens. ,, SHRUBS. Bixa orellana. Hibiscus liliflorus. ,, rcsa siuensis= ,, mutabilis (and many other varieties). Grewia asiatica. Triphasia trifoliata. Murraya exotica. Bergera konigli. Hipocratea grahamii. Malpighia coccifera. Hiptage madablota. leyphus rugosa. Sophora tomentosa. Sesbania mueptiaca. Acacia glauca. ,, conclnna. ,, arabica. Guilandina bonduc. Ccesalpinia cucullata. ,, sappan. u dizynia- Poinciana pulcherrimti. Inga hoamatoxylon. Hmmatoxylon campechi- anum. Lagerstrmmia indica. Aralia elfoylii. Cassia orida. Metrosideros florens, Thea (tea plant.) Eranthemum elegans. Pandnnus odoratissimus. Tsmarix gallica. Datura suaveolens. Erythrina—christa-gallii. Acalypha tricolor. .. marsmata. Punica granatum. Panax eochleatum. Panax fructicnsum, Gardenia lucida. ,, florida. Randia dumentcrum. Ixura bandhuca. ,, coccinea. n 111m. ,, r. sea. ,, srandiflora. Ccflea (coffee plant), Serissafmtida. J asminum sambac. ,, ofiicinalis. Nyctantes arbortristis. Nirium odorum. scrape!- ,, plenum. Wrightia antidysen- terica. ,, tinctoria. ,, tomentosa. Tabernomontana naria. Cerbera thevetia. Allamanda cathedrfit'lea. ,, gran ore. ,, nereiifolia. Calotropis gigantea. Bignonia stans. Durantia ellisii. ,, lumierii. Vetex trifo ia. Lantana of kinds. Glerodendron balfourii. specicsum. COI‘O- Justiciii. picta. ,, adhntoda. Hohnskcildia coccinea. , DESCRIPTION or THE CITY. 187 Poinsettia pnlcherima carminata. Poin settia pulcherrima albida. Xylophylla falcata Asclepias curassavica. Croton variegatum. ,, longifolium. ,, irregulare. ,, maximum. ,, veitchii. ,, undulatum. J atropha curcas. ,, multifida. ,, gossypifolia. Artobotrys odoratissima. Brunsfelsia nitida. Catesbma spinosa. Hamelia patens, Malvaviscus arboreus. Rondelitia ordorata. Ronpcllia grata. Olea fra grans. Cycas rcvoluta (palm). PERENNIALS. Vinca rosea. Plumbago rosea. ,, capensis. ,, zeylanica. Ruellia zeylanica- ,, infundibuli- formis. Chrysanthemum indicum. Crinums of kinds. Thunbergia fragra s. Begonia discolor. ,, rex. ,, fuchioides. ,, nitida. ,, hydrocotolifolia. ,, manicata. ,, argyrostigma. ,, ricinifolia. ,, zebrina. ,, depatala. ,, argentea macu- lata. ,, silver-sh i n i n g and many others. Meyenia erecta. ,, hawteyneana. ' Russelia juncea. , , floribunda. geraniums of kinds. uphorbia splendens. Balvia cocciuea, Amaryllis equestris. Bignonia capensis. Roses of 100 sorts. Cannas of kinds. Cactus of kinds. Abutilon striatum. Aphelnndra sp. Stachy t arpheta mutabilis ,, j amaicensis. Liliums of kinds. Hemerocalis fulva. J asminum odoratissi- mum. Marantas of kinds. Aloes of kinds. Dieffenbachia spectabih's . ,, picta. ,, piarcei. Fuchsias. Alocasia metallica. ,, zebrina. ,, veitchii. Mirabilis jalapa. Magnolia fuscata. ,, grandiflora. Tillandsia zebr na. Nepenthes! pitcherplant) . Fitti -nia argy‘roneura. Mimosa sensi' iva. Polianthes tuberosa. Arunds versic olur (ribbon grass). Coleis 0f kinds. Amaranthus of kinds. Hydrantia mulabilis. Sanchezia nobilis varie- gata. Vatteria australis. Mnlpighia urens. Turnera ulmifolia. Br ophyllam calycinum Ca adiums of various kin! s.\ Dnearna ferren. ,, terminalis. ,, braziliensis. ,, draco. ,, guilfoylii. Alpinia mutans. Sanseviera zeilamca. Yucca wild. Ruta graveolens. He‘iotr pium. Lavandula stoechas. Artimisia abrotanum. Marjorana hortensis. Mentha peperitha. Myrtus communis. Meriandra bengaleneis. Rosemary. Gnaphallium. Pentas carnea. Gloxiniae. Gesneras. FRUIT TREES. Mangifera indica, or mango grafts. Citrus decumana, or pumaloe. ,, aurantium, or orange. ,, acida, or lime. ,, limeta, or sweet lime. Psidium guajava, or guava. Anona squamosa, or custard apple. ,, muricata,or sour sop ,, reticulata, or bul- lock’s heart. Vitis vinifera, or grapes. Garcinia mangostana, or manzosteen. ,, cowa, or man gosteen. Ficus c mice, or fl '. Muses of kinds, or plan- tains. Nephelium leeches. Artocarpus integrifolius. CREEPERS. Abrus precatorius. Quis qualis indica. Passifloras of sorts. Beaumontia grandifiora. Cryptostegia grandiflora. Huya carnosa. Anti onon lept pus. Poivrea coccinea. I omoa tuberosa. one 'suckle (red and yel ow . Calonyction fl'vrum. Aristol chia ringens. Solarium asminoides. Stephnnotis floribunda. Cissus bicolor. Combretum sp. ,, purpureum. indian lichi, or grandi- 188 IAcuAN’s cums ro BOMBAY. Dalbergia scandens. Bignoi. ia jusminoides. Argyreia speciosa. Bignonia venusta. J acquemontia violata. Stigmaphyllum ciliatam. Petr-ea voluhilis. Thunbergia grendifiora. Bougainvillea. glabra. ,, spectabilis. ORCHIDS . Phalcenopis emabilis (queen of orchids). ,, parishii. Bletia vericunda, and many others. FERNS OF KINDS. AN NUALS. Wall-flower. Petu~ia mixed. Phlox ,, Verbena ,, Coreopsis. French marigold. 3napd1'alizoli‘.il I unmoc it v gnris. Larkspurs. Zinnias mixed. Virginian stock. Portulaca. Uosmodiums. Stock large. Antirrhinums of 20 sorts. Cineraria maritime. Gail l ardia hybrida grandiflora. Dianthus barbatus. Digitutis iverys spotted. L y c h ni s chalcedonies alb a. Sweet-William. Indian pinks. Ice plants. Aster dwarf German mixeu. Celosia cristata. China aster. Lupins large. ,, small. Gailnrdia picta. anturtiums of kinds. English pansy. Belgian Salvia splendens. ‘ andituft mixed. Mignonette. Double daisy. Balsam. Hollyhock, and In a, n y other varieties. The annual cost of the gardens amounts to Rs. 10,000, which is granted from the public funds by the Corporation. With this sum a stafi consisting of twenty-five mallees (gardeners), thirteen women, eight boys, and twenty-nine coolies, is kept up throughout the year, and beyond this, except on emergencies, no other labour is employed. The receipts for the year 1876 by the sale of plants, cuttings, lucerne grass, and fruits, amounted to Rs. 6,000. The public of Bombay are indebted for the conversion of the Victoria Gardens into a place of recreation worthy of the name, to the skill and good taste of Mr. Rienzi Walton, Executive Engineer to the Municipality. On the opposite side of the road is the handsome pile of buildings forming the Cowasjee Jehanghier Elphinstone College, the well known Sir Cowasjee Jehanghier Readymoney having contributed half 0f the entire cost. In fact, go where you will, the liberality of this gentleman will of necessity be brought to notice ; for, among other benefactions, the streets are studded with public drinking fountains presented by him. The college had its origin in ameeting of the Bombay Native Education Society, held on the 22nd August 1827, to consider the most appropriate testi. menial to the Hon. Mountstuart Elphinstone on his resignation of the government of Bombay. The result of this meeting was The Elphinstone College. DESCRIPTION or run crrr. 189 that a sum of Rs. 2,29,656 was collected by public subscription towards the endowment of professorships for teaching the English language, and the arts, sciences and literature of Europe, to be denominated the Elphinstone professorships. This sum aften wards accumulated to Rs. 4,113,901, and the interest of it is augmented by an annual subscription from Government of Rs. 22,000. The first Elphinstone professors arrived in 1835, and commenced their work in the Town Hall. For some reason or other, they did not meet with the success which they desired ; and ayear or two later an amalgamation was effected between the Native Education Society’s sch'ool, situated on the verge of the Esplanade, and the nascent college, under the name of the Elphinstone Institution, the teachers in the latter being elevated to the status of professors, and a division of labour being arranged. The first report of the amalga- mated institution was issued in 1840. In 1856, the professoria element was separated from the Elphinstone Institution, which, from that time, became a high school. The college was removed at first to Byculla, and later to Tankerville, Baboola Tank Road. It was on the 20th February 1871 transferred to the handsome structure on the Parell Road known as the “ Cowasjee Jehanghier Buildings.” The new building cost Rs. 2,00,000. The property and endowments of the Elphinstone College are under the guardianship of the trustees of the Elphinstone Fund. A list of the endowments and scholarships connected with the college is published in the Bombay University Calendar. We have dwelt at some length on this subject (the public build- ings of Bombay), for we take a pardonable pride in them. It is not only that so much has been done well, but that so large a portion of what has been effected is due to the munificence of individual citizens. About one million sterling has been spent in the last fifteen years, of which £240,000 has been contributed by private persons. Since 1860, there has been spent on the improvement of Bombay in roads, reolamaticns, and public buildings at least 6'} millions sterling. In the same period, or rather since 1865, the Municipality has expended not less than four millions in sanitation and general The General Result. 190 MACLEAN’B cums T0 nous“. conservancy. Some of this vast Outlay may have been extravagant, but the undoubted result has been to convert an ugly and filthy town into a healthy and handsome city. THE ARTHUR CRAWFORD MARKETS. These markets deserve a separate description, for they are the noblest and most useful of all the public improvements executed in Bombay, and they form a grand monument to the energy and admin. istrative capacity of the gentleman whose name they bear, and who was Municipal Commissioner of Bombay from July 1865 till Novem- ber 1871. When Mr. Crawford became Commissioner the slaughter- houses of Bombay were within the town and close to the so-called public markets, wretched low-tiled open sheds, indifierently paved and drained, very crowded and hot, and dirty to a degree. The very sight of such places was loathsome and disgusting, and no one resorted to the markets who could possibly avoid it. Mr. Crawford first of all set to work with the butchers, whom he turned out of the town altogether. New slaughter-houses were erected at Bandora, a station on the B. B. and C. I. Railway, seven miles from Bombay, separate buildings being, in order not to offend native prejudices, provided for the killing of sheep and cattle. The build- The Bandora Slaughter ingfl are large and Plain ; they Houses. are furnished with a good supply of Vehar water, and are well drained. The animals are daily inspected and passed for slaughtering before entering the slaughter- house yards. The carcases being prepared, they are hung up in meat vans in special railway trains, which reach Boree Bunder station in Bombay by 4, A.M. Here there is a siding, with a. screen to separate the beef and mutton vans, and separate gangs of eoolies to carry the meat to the markets, about 80 feet off. For the markets the Government granted a convenient site, covering 72,000 square yards, at the north-east corner of the Esplanade. The ground was laid out so as to assign the principal part of the space to the Flower, Fruit, and Vegetable markets adjoining the Market and Esplanade Cross Roads, and to place the Beef, Mutton, and Fish markets The Old. Markets. DESCRIPTION or THE crrr. 191 at some distance ofi to leeward of them, with an open space in the centre which could be made into a garden. A store shed was built at the south side of the enclosure, with separate rooms to be hired out to wholesale dealers in fruit, &c. For the Meat markets (it was necessary to have separate buildings for the beef and mutton) no architectural ornament was considered necessary; open, airy, commodious buildings only were required. “ But on the west and north-west frontage to be occupied by the Fruit and Vegetable markets I was bound,” says Mr. Crawford, “ as well for the appearance of the town as by the conditions of the Government grant, to erect a building with some architectural pretensions. Having failed to obtain suitable designs in England, I commissioned Mr. Emerson to prepare one ;” and the result of this commission is a very handsome building which in general appearance and in the convenience and cleanliness of all its internal arrangements, is not surpassed by any market in the world. The building consists of a centre hall with three principal gateways, sur- mounted by aclock-tower. Each arched gateway is divided by a column of polished granite on a blue basalt base. The arched compartments above should be filled with sculptured marble entablatures representing everyday scenes of Indian life; but only two of these had been completed by the sculptor, Mr. Kipling, before he left Bombay. The third is likely, apparently, to remain unfinished, as even the inscriptions in English, Marathee, and Guzerathee, stating when the markets ‘were built, for which blank spaces were left at the base of the columns, have not been placed there yet. The masonry is of Coursed Coorla rubble, with Porebunder coins, relieved by a very fine warm red stone from Bassein. Entering the central hall, in which there is now a drinking fountain presented by Sir Cowasjee Jehaughier, the fine dimensions of the building at once strike the eye. To the right stretches a. masonry wing, 150 ft. by 100 =an area of 15,000 sq. feet, which is reserved for fruit and flowers; and to the left an iron wing 350 ft. by 100 = anarea of 35,000 sq. ft., The New Market. 192 IACLEAN’S cums 10 none“. which is appropriated to stalls for vegetables, spices, &c. The centre, including the gateways, covers 16,000 sq. ft. The total area under cover is 56,000 square feet, all open, with double iron roof of 50 ft. span, supported on iron columns. Height to the wall plates 30 ft.; height to ridge of roof 51} ft. The market is paved with Caithness flags, and the conservancy arrangements are very good. The visitor who wishes to see this market at its best should go there in the early morning, between 6 and 7. He will then see, in the fruit season, from November till May, such a show of fruit and flowers as cannot be matched in any other city. Each dealer sits upon his stall with his goods beside him, so that there is plenty of room for strangers to walk about, even when the chafiering is busiest. Walking down between the rows, one sees, first, stalls covered with wreaths of jessamine (the mogra variety of jessamine is especially prized by the natives) and garlands and bouquets of garden flowers. Gardening is now much more fashionable than it used to be in Bombay, and nearly all varieties of English flowers, from roses down to verbenas, are grown here in abundance. Several stalls are devoted almost entirely to the sale of pan sopamee, the favourite luxury of all natives. The pen is a green aromatic vine-leaf, which is spread with lime and wrapped round a bit of betel-nut (the fruit of the areca. palm), and chewed. Its taste, which is not unpleasant, is due wholly to the pan, the nut, which in appearance closely resembles the nutmeg, having no flavour, and being only usele apparently to prolong the chewing process. The vine from'which the pan leaf is gathered, requires very careful and expensive culti- vation. Great plantations of it are kept up in the valley of the upper Nerbudda near Jubbulpore; and the leaves are packed in baskets and sent to Bombay. Of fruit there is, first of all, the plantain or banana, in all its varieties, of which the small delicate yellow one is the best for eating. Then we have pummeloes, of Flowers. Fruit. DESCRIPTION or run cxrr. 193 which the best grow in and about Bombay. The pummelo (West Indian shaddock) is a. species of citron, with a slightly bitter flavour; it is a delightful fruit to eat in the morning after a long walk or drive. Melons and pumpkins abound, and are much used by the natives. Excellent oranges come from Nagpore ; those grown nearer the sea have not much flavour. Fine black and white grapes are supplied by Aurungabad, and a good many baskets come all the way from Cabul, which has always been celebrated for fruits, and from which Bombay also gets walnuts, pistacio nuts, dried peaches, and app‘es. Nectarines and peaches of good quality are grown at Bangalore, but it is only occasionally that they find their way into the Bombay market. Occasionally, abasket or two of strawberries find their way down from Mahableshwur, where this deliciOus fruit grows in perfection. Fresh and dried dates are brought from Muscat in the Persian Gulf. Cocoanuts, figs, guavas, and custard-apples are all plentiful and cheap ; and the pine-apples are often as goodas any raised in English hothouses for twenty times the money. The best pines are grown down in the Southern Concan, and are brought up to Bombay in country boats. The. chickoo, a fruit like the medlar, but of a better flavour, is esteemed a. great delicacy. The fruit, however, for which Bombay is deservedly most famous is the mango, which comes into season in May. The Afoos (probably acorruption of Alphonse) mango of Mazagon is the best. It is pear-shaped, and can be distinguished from other mangoes by a little lump or born at the narrow end. Of vegetables, also, which a hundred years ago were very scarce in Bombay, there is now an endless variety. The onion of Bombay maintains its character of being “ celebrated all over the East, and good celery and cucumbers are also grown in the neighbourhood. The chief source of supply for the vegetable market is, however, the countq7 about Poona, which grows capital green peas, green onions, French-beans, lettuces, cauliflowers lilo. Potatoes are cultivated for the Bombay market at many places above the Ghants, from Nassick to Tulleygaum, and Mahableshwur, Vegetables. 13 194 IACLIAN'B sums m sons“. Great quantities of the various pickles, spices, and other condi- ments to which the natives are so partial are sold at the stalls in the Vegetable Market. There are also in this part of the building several shops for the sale of oilman’s stores, and two or three stalls hired by bakers for the sale of bread. The Beef Market is an iron building paved with Yorkshire flags. It is kept as clean as possible by Mr. Higgins, the Superintendent of the Markets, but the unpleasant smell of meat in a hot climate cannot be wholly done away with. This is more disagreeably apparent in the Mutton Market, which is decidedly overcrowded, one end of it being set apart for fish. There ought to be a separate Fish Market, and there is room for such a building at the eastern end of the Vegetable Market on the ground already enclosed. Both the beef and mutton sold in Bombay are good, as a rule, though of course the meat is small and lean as compared with what one gets in England. Venison can occasionally be purchased in the market ; and the other favourite dish at an alderman's feast, turtle, is not difficult to pro- cure, as turtles are frequently brought to Bombay from Kurrachee, where they abound. Bombay can boast of some fine fish—more particularly the pomfret, a large species of flounder, With a flavour re- sembling that of turbot, but more delicate. The bombelo or Bom- bay duck is a. gelatinous fish, not liked by many persons when it is fresh. When dried, however, it forms a favourite relish. Very good oysters are caught all along the coast. The shell appears large, but the oyster itself is plump, well-flavoured, and not inconveniently big. Close to the Mutton and Beef Markets is the cofiee-shop where the butlers who go to market for their masters get their breakfast. This popular institution brings in a clear revenue of Rs. 1,200 a year. The enclosed garden was regularly laid out and planted with trees in 1870, when the markets were completed, and it now present: a very refreshing appearance. In the centre of it is one of the Meat. The Butler’s Cofl‘ee Shop. The Garden. onscmmou or run our. 196 prettiest fountains in Bombay. It was designed by Mr. Emerson, and the panels round it, with female figures representing '.he various rivers of India, were sculptured by Mr. Kipling, of the School of Art. On the southern side, adjoining the store-house, is the live poultry market, generally well stock- ed with fowls, ducks, and turkeys. Of game it may be said that the snipe, curlew, teal, and wild duck, and the florican, when in season, are excellent; part- ridges and other game are hardly worth eating. Many parrots, oockatoos, minus, canaries, love birds, &c., are offered here for sale. The Crawford Markets cost Rs. 11,18,500. Only about one. third of the population, it is estimated, is supplied from them. The market for perhaps half the population is the iron building in the Null Bazaar, in the native town, between the Parell and Duncan Roadsl erected at a cost of Rs. 1,37 ,000, and now bringing in an income of about Rs. 38,000 a year. Here in the evening thousands upon thousands of people maybe seen marketing. The whole annual cost of maintaining the Municipal Markets of Bombay is now Rs. 80,000 (a sum which might be considerably reduced), while the revenue from them is Rs, 2,12,000. The net revenue is therefore Rs. 1,132,000, which, taking the total capital expenditure at Rs. 15,00,000, yields interest on the investment at the rate of 9 per cent., double the rate at which the Municipality can borrow money. THE PEDDER MARKETS. An addition has been made to the number of municipal markets since the publication of the first edition of this Guide. The Pedder Markets at Mazagon have been built in deference to numerous petitions from the inabitants there, who had just cause to be dissatisfied with the filthy and overcrowded sheds which hitherto did dutyas the mart for their daily supplies of food. The population of Mazagon is chief- ly composed of Christians, a great proportion of whom are European and Portuguese ; the demand, therefore, for fresh apimal food and for a suitable market to purchase it in became a necessity which Poultry and Game. 00st and Revenue of the Markets. 1 196 nuctm's cums 1o nonmr. could not be overlooked ; consequently three lofty, airy and well ventilated buildings have been erected in the centre of a neatly- laid-out garden, enclosed by a substantial wall and ornamental rail- ing. No pretensions at architecture have been aimed at ; but the buildings are in every way well suited for their purpose. They are clean, spacious, thoroughly well drained, and provided with an ample supply of water, and so far from being ofl'ensive, as markets usually are in this country, are on the contrary not only an acquisition to the residents as amatter of convenience, but from their gay and pleasing appearance have become quite a feature in the neighbourhood. The larger building near the main entrance is the Fruit Market, where all kinds of fruit and vegetables, as their season comes round, may be obtained ; and the building in rear of this is the Fish and Mutton Market ; at one end of which there are several stalls for the sale of mutton, while at the other end nothing but fish is sold. Of this last commodity Bombay is particularly fruitful, for, except during the monsoon, when the fishing boats dare not face the wee.- ther, many kinds and varietiei of fish of excellent quality are always here for sale. For the epicure oysters, shrimps, prawns, lobsters, and cray fish are always to be obtained, while on the other hand the stomach which prefers quantity to quality may gratify its utmost desires with the shark stakes which are almost daily offered for sale. The Beef Market, which is placed apart from the others, is much smaller, containing space for eight stalls only, but, notwithstanding, is in every way adequate to the demand of the beef-eaters of Maza- gon. Fresh beef is daily supplied, and by the strict supervision of the superintendent (Mr. Higgins) every precaution is taken to prevent the introduction of any inferior quality of meat into these markets. The total cost of the construction of these markets has been Rs. 37,000. They have by a resolution of the Corporation been named after the Municipal Commissioner, Mr. W. G. Pedder C. S. to whose exertions they owe their existence. THE FORT. Turning to the right from the Sailors’ Home, and passing over the nrscmrnon or run cm. 197 site of the Apollo Gate of the old fortifications, you enter the Fort. On your right is the Dockyard, on your left the Scotch church, whence the line of the fortifications can be traced by the frontage of the houses running parallel to them along Rampart Row to Church Gate, and Hornby Row to Bazaar Gate. The Fort is divided into two well marked sections. From the Scotch church to the western end of Church Gate Street, up this street to the Cathedral, Elphinstone Circle, and the Town Hall, and back by the Custom House to the Dockyard, is the European quarter, containing the Government and merchants’ offices and the principal European shops. The northern section of the Fort from the Cathedral to opposite the G. I. P. Railway station at Boree Bunder is the native bazaar, chiefly occupied by Parsees. The greatest portion of the house property in the Fort has been created since 1758, when the completion of the line of fortifications made the inhabitants of Bombay anxious to live within the walls. Mr. Warden, Secretary to Government in 1812, mentions, in his Report on the Landed Tenures of Bombay, that people then living could “recollect the space on which the Government House is built, and the whole range where the Rope Walk (Rampart Row, W.) stood, including the premises belonging to Mr. Forbes, and in fact the best part of the Fort, as plantations of cocoanuts, which it became the policy of the Government to acquire and to remove ;" and in prints of the latter half of the eighteenth century the only buildings shown south of the Cathedral are Government House (the old Secretariat), the Custom House, and the building now used as the High Court. To induce people to settle in Bombay, the Government at first gave away land to any one who wished to build ; and thus most of the valuable ground was quickly alienated. Then the Government was compelled, when pressed for room, to buy back such property as it wanted from the tenants. A part of the extem sive and rambling range of buildings forming the old Secretariat was in 1764 purchased from Mr. Whitehill for Rs. 45,000. The site of this ofiice had previously been a tank, which was filled up by Mr. Whitehill and the house erected thereon. The Secretary’s 198 nqu euros in nousn. house in the same compound was bought from Mr. Secretary Ravenscroft in 1780 for Rs. 20,000. A house and back apartments adjoining the Marine House were purchased by the Government from Mr. George England in 1766, as being conveniently situated for carrying on the different branches of the marine business, for Rs. 27,675. The Court House appears to have been purchased about the same time for Rs. 60,000. In 1790, the Government bought for Rs. 27,000 the house, out-houses, and cotton screws near the old bunder belonging to Mr. John Hunter, immediately adjoining the Company's hospital, "which had been 'so often recommended by Sir Edward Hughes and others to be taken into the marine y ." In 1803 a great fire broke out in the Fort, and destroyed nearly three-fourths of the bazaar, together with the barracks, custom- house, and many other public buildings, and property of immense value belonging to the native merchants. Many houses in the neighbourhood of the Castle were battered down by the artillery, to stop the progress of the flames and preserve the magazine, or in all probability the whole town would have been destroyed. The Company resolved to rebuild the town, and tried to resume a great part of the property. They were met, however, by a combination on the part of the native landholders, and it appears, from what came out in the inquiry instituted on the Company‘s behalf some years afterwards, that at that time some European merchants were in possession of a good deal of house property. Mr. Leckis, founder of the house of Leckie and 00., drew in 1812 an income of £3,000 a year from his property in the Fort, which adjoined the Scotch church, and a part of which is now represented by the office of Sir Charles Forbes and 00. Further along Rope Walk Street (so called from the Rope Walk here kept for many years by the Company for the manufacture of coir ropes, doc.) and at the bottom of Forbes Street Mr. (afterwards Sir Charles) Forbes had built the ofice now occupied by Messrs. D. Sassoon and Co., and the Government hadaquarrel with Mr. Stewart, Mr. Forbes’s partner, for encroaching on the road by constructing “a suite of low buildings adjoining his house for the Courier office." The onscmrrxon or ran cm. 199 buildings within the walls of the Fort, including the barracks, the arsenal, and the docks, were valued by Mr. Warden in 1812 at one erore and five lakhs of rupPes. The average price of land, before the grr'at fire, had been Rs. 3, 10, and 12 a square yard, but the price rose afterwards to, in some instances, as much as Rs. 25 and Rs. 30. In 1865, plots of ground on the site of the ramparts opposite the end of Forb B Street were sold for as much as Rs. 115 and Rs. 120 a square yard ; but that was at a time when prices of everything in Bombay were abnormally high. The ground there now is probably not worth more than Rs 30 a squarev yard. In the principal streets. however, of the Fort, the nominal value of land has certainly been quadrupled since the beginning of the century. The houses are for the most part plain, ugly buildings, three or four storeys high, with tiled roofs. Between Forbes Street and Bombay Green were situated most of the Government offices. In this quarter also, up to within the last twelve years, most of the great mercantile firms had their oflioes, and the principal European shops were in Meadow Street, then the busiest thoroughfare in Bombay. The transformation in 1863 of the Bombay Green into the Elphinstone Circle has shifted the centre of business, and from the Circle down Church Gate Street, and then along Rampart Row to Watson’s Hotel, is now the most frequented part of the Fort. The Admiralty was the block of buildings extending from the back of the Bombay Gazette Ofiice up Forbes Street to near the _corner of Apollo Street. It is principally remarkable for a staircase approached through a gate- way from Forbes Street, up which it is said by tradition to have been a favourite diversion in the old days for gay young men to ride their horses after dinner. The Military Stores Office was situated between Meadow Street and Military Square. In Meadow Street the oldest building is the Catholic chapel and convent, built above the begin- ning of last century. In the inner quadrangle of this building is a garden containing a bread-fruit tree, the only one probably that can be found in India. A walnut tree grew near it, but was cut down a few years ago. In the Secretariat, in Hummum Street, the room is still shown where Governor Duncan died. Here the meetings of 200 nAoLsAN's some 10 sonssr. Council were held regularly, and public breakfasts were given, up to Mr. Elphinstonc's and Sir John Malcolm’s time. If we suppose, now, that the visitor starts from the Dockyard gate and proceeds up Marine Street to the Town Hall, there are some buildings of great interest to engage his attention. First of all, we have on the left the Scotch church. St. Andrew’s Presbyterian Kirk in the Fort was begun in 1816, and originally cost Rs. 50 000, which sum was defrayed by Government. Its first minister was the Rev. James Clow. When he landed in the coun- try, in 1815, he had to hold service at first in the mess-room of the Town Barracks (now the Shipping Oliice), and afterwards in a room in the present High Court. It was not without an effort that permission was obtained from the Court of Directors for building the kirk ; and when sanction was at length accorded, it was stipulated that the structure should be undistinguished by a steeple. On the representation of the congregation, however, this invidions condition was withdrawn, and the church was completed in 1818. In 1826, the steeple was struck down by lightning, and the present one was constructed by John Caldecott F.B..S., the astronomer at the Trevandrum Observa- tory. In 1822, a junior chaplain was appointed to the church, the Rev. Joseph Laurie. On Mr. Clow’s retirement, in 1834, Mr. Laurie succeeded him, and the Rev. Dr. Stevenson, the well-known missionary and orientalist, was brought on the strength of the establishment. He was promoted to the senior chaplaincy in 1841. In 1825, on the recommendation of Mr. Clow, an organ was obtained for the church ; it has lately been replaced by the more effective instrument now in use, built by Messrs. Bishop and Starr, the builders of the organs in the Cathedral and the Town Hall. Until 1833, there was only one service held on Sundays in the kirk : the evening service was commenced in that y ar. The Dockyard, situated between the Custom House and the Apollo Bunder, contains five graving docks, which are constructed so as to make two large docks. They are placed alongside each other, and the St. Andrew’s Kirk. The Dockyard. DESCRIPTION or ran cm. 201 steam factory adjoins them. The three docks furthest from the steam factory are the oldest. They are called the Upper Old Bombay Dock, the Middle Old Bombay Dock, and the Lower Old Bombay Dock, and were constructed in 1736. The upper dock is 209 feet in length, and 47 feet 7 inches in width; the middle dock is 183 feet in length, and 51 feet 10 inches in width; the lower dock is 256 feet in length, and 51 feet 10 inches in width : thrown together they make one dock, 618 feet in length. The two other docks alongside are called the Duncan Docks, and were first constructed in 1810. The Upper Duncan Dock is 286 feet in length, and 63 feet 10 inches in width ; its original length was 216 feet, but it was lengthened 30 feet in 18 L5, and 40 feet more in 1819. The Lower Duncan Dock is 2446 feet in length, and 63 feet 10 inches in width : these two docks thrown together make one large dock 532 feet in length. Immediately outside the docks there is a depth of 17 feet of water, so that no ship drawing more than that conld enter the docks, and there is a constant tendency to silting up near the entrance to the docks, so that dredging is neednt ; but a vessel once in the docks floats in 18 feet of water, and there is ample time to “ shore up" the sides of a vessel before the water retires. Before these docks were constructed, in 1736, there was a basin formed where the upper old Bombay dock now is, but it was simply a mud basin, in and out of which the tide flowed at will. The East India Com- pany, as early as the year 1673, were obliged to build ships of war to defend their trade against the Malabar pirates; but previously to 1735 the principal building station was at Surat, where the Company’s factories were first established. It is only at Bombay, however, that the rise of the tides facilitates the construction of docks with a good depth of water ; and for this reason Bombay was soon preferred to Surat. In 1735 part of the ground was selected in Bombay, where the present docks are now, and for some years there was a thoroughfare through the Dockyard. In 1767, the size of the yard was increased, and in 1805 the Dockyard was still further en. larged and enclosed, and the thoroughfare through it was discontinued. The Docks. $02 IACLIAN’B sum: 10 sous“. These docks have been in constant use from the day of their eompletiou, and the Dockyard was for a long period celebrated for turning out first-class men-of-war. A number of schooners, galleys, ships, and amongst them, in the year 1768, a Governors yacht, were built here, but none of them of much tonnage. In the year 1800,a 74-gun frigate, the Cornwallis, of 1363 tons, was built for the East India Company, and afterwards the Admiralty ordered men-of-war for the King's navy to be constructed in the Bombay Dockyard. Several men-of-war have been built in this Dockyard —vessels carrying 86 74, 38, 36, 18 and 10 guns ;the last man-of-war was the Meanee, built in 1847, carrying 8t guns and 2,400 tons burden. In all, 19 ships of war have been built in the Bombay Dock- yard for the Royal Navy, since the docks have been constructed. Besides these men-of-war, a large number of smaller vessels of war have been built here, including 29 vessels for the East India Company and 17 ships forthe Indian Navy, and besides several pilot vessels and cutters, and 66 merchant ships, ranging from 250 to 1700 tons, have been built here. From the year 1840 a number of ~steamers have been built, coal boats, pilot boats, and schooners. The two largest steamers in late years built were in the year 1854, the 'Assaye and the Punjab, of 1800 tons each. Since this date, owing chiefly to the intro- duction of iron instead of wood for ship-building, and the conse- quent advantage of having large ships built in England, where iron is cheap, the work done in the Dockyard has been confined to the construction of water boats and pilot boats. The last work done has been the construction of a number of barges known as the saddle-back barges. which have been employed in making the Harbour Defences and for reclamation purposes; they are of 100 tons each, and are believed to have cost a very large sum of money. At the time when the docks were first made in Bombay, in 1736, European ship-builders were not to be had; but for some years previously, at the East India Company’s building station at Surat, a Parsee foreman named Lowjee N usserwanjee had been employed, who showed remarkable aptitude in the art of ship-building. He nnscmrrlon 01‘ THE 0111'. 203 was brought from Surat to establish the Dockyard in Bombay, and for 38 years he acted as master-builder here, and from that day to the present a direct descendant of Lowjee Nusserwanjee has filled that responsible position. The members of this Parsee family, who have held the appointment of master-builder in Bombay for 140 years, have performed their duties without any Euro- pean superintendence. These Parsee ship-builders (their family name is Wadia or ship-builder) made the reputation of the Dockyard in its earlier days by turning out well-built ships constructed chiefly of teakwood, which, as the worm will not eat it and as it contains oil enough to prevent the iron clamps and bolts that bind it from rusting, has more enduring qualities than oak. The Lowjee Family possess many testimonials from British Admi- rals, including one from Vice-Admiral Sir Edward Hughes in 1788 to Manocije Lowjee, to whom also was presented a medal “ for services rendered the nation ;" from the Honorable the East India Company in 1789, from Admiral Dundas in 1801, from Rear- Admiral Sir Thos. Trowbridge in 1802 who wrote, “ I have pledged myself you will produce ships that will eclipse those built in England ;” from Governor Duncan, and from the Superintendent of Bombay Marine in 1805 ; and throughout their career the Parsee ship-builders appear to have always conducted themselves in a highly honourable manner, and to have been most excellent workmen. The present Master Builder is Mr. Jamsetjee Dunjeebhoy, who belongs to the Lowjee Family, and has been in the service in the Dockyard since April 1st, 1844, and has been Master Builder since 1st March, 1866. Alongside the docks is the steam factory, a building 400 feet in length, 48 in width, and 4-2 feet high, which contains all the machinery requisite for making boilers and every portion of the fittings of a marine steam-engine. In the upper floor the lighter machinery is placed, and here the smaller fittings are made ; in the ground floor the heavier machinery and steam-engines are placed. At the end of the building on the ground floor is the foundry, and the building contains machines for rolling, planing, punching, drilling, mortising, The Steam Factory. $04 ncum’s cows 10 some". tenoning, slotting, lathes of all descriptions, all driven by two engines of 10 and 20 horse-power each. There is a small independent steam-engine on the upper storey which is intended to set in motion the machinery on that floor if required from any cause to do so. The punching and shearing p esses are in an adjoining building. Since the abolition of the Indian Navy, the work in the factory has been reduced in importance and is now confined to smaller per- formances. Notwithstanding, however, this reduction, some valuable planing machinery has been sent out; but this cannot be fixed, as the grant of Rs. 10,000 required for the purpose cannot be obtained, and so the machinery is useless. The steam factory is, nevertheless, very complete, and presents a veryinteresting scene with the variety of machinery busily at work in a long and imposing building. The Bombay Dockyard is five or six times bigger than the Kidder- pore Dockyard at Calcutta. The Dockyard at one time covered 600,000 square yards, but for the new Sailors’ Home, just completed, 153,000 square yards were taken away, reducing the Dockyard to its present dimensions. About fozty or fifty ships are on an average every year repaired in the Dockyard. Outside the Town Hall, in the garden of the Elphinstone Circle, are the statues of the Mirquis Cornwallis and the Marquis Wellesley; the latter, by Bacon, cost 5,000 guineas. The Custom House, which a'ljoins the Dockyard, is one of the oldest buildings in the Fort. In the year 1665, when the Portuguese gave over the town of Bombay and the fortifications to the English, the present Custom House was the barracks for the Portuguese soldiers. After the barracks came into the possession of the British Government the “ writers,” now called civil servants, were lodged in the building, and they were obliged to remain within the limits of the building aftera certain hour every day, for to go outside the Fort was then not considered safe, and to visit the native town might have been to fall into the hands of the Seedees, who were very desperate characters in those days, as they also proved themselves tobeinthe Bombay riots of 1874. The present building was not. The Custom House. DESCRIPTION OF THE CITY. 208 used as a Custom House till the year 1802. The principal landing- place for goods, however, was always at this part of the foreshore. In an old chart of Bombay harbour, dated 1778, the bunder wharf and gate are marked as standing close to the present Custom House, and Mr. Forbes, in his memoirs, says that, for want of means to buy either supper or candle he used to sit on the flat roof of “the Writers' Building close to the bunder," when he was himself (1770) a young writer, and read Shakspeare in the moonlight. The Town Bunder, as it is now commonly called, is still the wharf at which most of the goods brought to Bombay are landed. Over the portico at the principal entrance is a stone on which is cut a coat of arms, under which are the words, " The Hon. W. Ainslabie ;" the next word is illegible, but it is followed by the figures 1714, and perhaps means that that part of the building was constructed in 1714. Mr. Ainslabie was Governor of Bombay from 1709 to 1714, and the arms out on the stone are those of the East India Company. It is probable that this front wing of the building was built when Mr. Ainslabie was Governor, being added on to the old Portuguese structure. The building has nothing but its age to recommend it; there are so many stairs, long passages, and twists and turns in its internal construction, that it is very inconvenient and is ill-adapted to the purposes of a custom_ house. On the east side of Elphinstone Circle stands the Town Fall. The proposal to build a town hall in Bombay was first made in 1811, whi-n Sir James Mackintosh was President of the Literary Society, the object in view being to provide a suitable building for public meetings and entertainments, and also to make a home for the library and museum of the Literary Soc'ety, and for the recep- tion of statues and public monuments of British art. Attempts were made to raise the money for building the Town Hall by means of lotteries, which were established under the sanction and patron- age of the Governor of Bombay. But though in 1812 a prizn fell to the lot of the new scheme, and a lac of rupees was gained thereby, that mo/(Ie The Town Hall. DESCRIPTION Oli' THE cm. 207 which 'was established in 1804-, after it became incorporated with the Asiatic Society. The Bombay Geographical Society has now been incorporated with the Asiatic. The library, which is very rich in good works of reference, is open to members admitted by ballot, on payment of an annual subscription of Rs. 75. The museum has been removed to the Victoria Museum, Byculla, in the Victoria Gardens. The large room in the centre of the building is used for public meetings, concerts, &c. It contains a very handsome organ which was presented by Sir A. D. Sassoon to the Town of Bombay in the year 1872. The entire cost of this fine organ was about £3,000. The organ bears the following inscription :— THXB ORGAN, BUILT BY n55}!!- BISKO? AND STARE, LONDON, WAS THE GIFT OF THE HONORABLE SIB ALBERT DAVID SASSOOH KT. 0.8.1., IBIBBB 01' THE LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL OF BOHLY, TO THE TOWN HALL, BOMBAY, 'M A “EQUAL 01‘ THE VISIT OF HIS ROYAL KXGHNBSS TH] DUKE O, IDIIBUIGI MARCH 1870. Baron!) 1872. One of the rooms at the south end of the Town Hall, called the Durbar Room, was, till the completion of the new Secretariat on the Esplanade, used for the meetings of the Bombay Legislative Council, and the Governor of Bombay held his levees there. At the north end of the large room is placed the statue, by Chantrey, of Mountstuart Elphinstone, who was Governor of Bombay from 1819 to 1827, and who, besides being the Commie sioner appointed to settle the aifairs of the Deccan after the defeat of Bajee Rao and the taking of Poona, established the existing system of education in Bombay and left a. name the best known and honored in this Presidency. In the south vestibule stands the statue of Sir Charles Forbes, by Chantrey, placed there in 1841. In the north vestibule there are six statues which, taken in chronological order, are as follows :— Mr. Stephen Babington, late Judge of the Sudder Dewanee Adawlut of Bombay ............................................................................ .. 1822 Sir I . Malcolm, by Chantrey, Governor ol Bombay .................... .. 1827-1880 The Aslaflo Society's Library. 208 nscnms’s cums TO sons“. Mr. C. Norris, late Chief Secretary to Government. . . .. 1842 John Lord Elphinstone, Governor of Bombay ............................... .. 1853-1860 Sir J amsotjce Jejeebhoy, a wealthy merchant of Bombay and great public benefactor ........................................................................ .. 1857 On the ground floor of the northern vestibule is the statue of the Hon. J ugonnath Sunkersett ................... .. .. ....... .. 1864 Sir Bartle Frere, Governor of Bombay... .............. .. 1852-1851 Bombay Castle is, with the exception of Fort George, all that now remains of the fortifications which at one time entirely enclosed what is now known as the Fort. It is situate between the Custom House and the Mint, the outer walls facing the harbour still remain, and they run a little way beyond on either side ; but the most prominent object in the old building is the flag stafi, on which the Union Jack flies daily from sunrise to sunset, and at the yardarms of which, flags, as signals of the approach of steamers and ships entering the harbour, are sus- pended when the occasion requires. There is also a clock tower and atime signal ball, which is in electrical connection with the Observatory at Colaba, and falls at one o’clock p.m. every day. The area embraced within the walls measures about 300 feet on each side. Between the Castle and the Custom House, at the back of the Town Hall, there is an arsenal for guns, shot, and other artillery stores. A portion of the present Castle is probably the original Portuguese building, adjoining which were the barracks which now form a part of the Custom House. The Bombay Government adopts the fiction of dating many public papers from Bombay Cast‘e ; but no public business is now conducted there, but in the new Secre- tariat building on the Esplanade. Next 10 the Castle is the Mint, which is a fine building originally in the form of a hollow square, fronting nearly west. The length of the build- ing before the alterations in 1864: was from north to south and from east to west 300 feet, with a quadrangle within 116 feet north and south, and 124 east and west, having a. tank in front. The first stone was laid on let January 1825, and the whole of the machinery The Castle. The Mint. DESCRIPTION or was CITY. 209 was in working order in December 1827. The architect Was Major Hawkins, of the Engineers, who also completed the Town Hall after the death of the architect of that building, Colonel Thomas Cowper. Coining was not commenced till October 1830. The machinery was for many years worked by three steam-engines, of 40, 24, and 10 horse-power respectively, and could throw oif 150,000 pieces of coin daily. In 1864 new buildings containing a duplicate set of machinery were finished, and a large additional melting more has been since added. The coining power of the Bombay Mint is now about double that of the Royal Mint in London, and on one occasion seven hundred thousand pieces were coined in twenty four hours. The average yearly coinage is about thirty million rupee pieces, besides small silver and copper coins. St. Thomas's Church, now the Cathedral, was opened for divine service on Christmas Day 1718—more than a century and a half a ago. For many years prior to that date, a room situated in the Castle served as a chapel for the few English residents. So early, however, as the year 1665, the Court of Directors had suggested the erection of a suitable edifice, not only for the use of the English, but of con- verts to the Christian faith from among the heathen. Sir George Oxenden, President of the local Council, eagerly took the hint, and, mainly through his influence, Rs. 50,000 and upwards were collected for a church to contain a thousand people. The structure was com- menced on the same site as the present church, but was abandoned when the walls were raised five yards. Hamilton alleges that Sir John Child, who succeeded to the Presidentship in 1680, appropriated the balanceofthe funds to his own use. The project was revived in 1714, by the Rev. Richard Cobbe, who was appointed chaplain at Bombay. His efiorts were most cordially supported by the Governor, the Hon’ble W. Aislabie, and the small English community. Upwards of Rs. 40,000 were collected by Mr. Cobbe for the work, the East India Company subscribing 10,000 rupees. Accordingly, on the 18th November 1715, the first stone of the present church was laid on the site of the ruins of the former, by the Deputy Governor, The Cathedral. 14 210 MACLEAN’S GUIDE TO BOMBAY. Stephen Strutt, Esq. The church was three years building, and, as already stated, was opened on Christmas Day, 1718. Mr. Cobbe, in the interesting book published by him some fifty years later, gives a graphic account of the ceremonial observed on the occasion. The Governor also gavea splendid entertainment on the same day to “ the whole town" in honor of the event. A royal salute was fired from the Fort, and answered by the shipping. And, as an illustration of the “manners of the age,” it may be mentioned that, in order to keep the fabric in repair, a duty of one-half per cent. was levied on all goods imported into the island. In 1814, Bombay was made an archdeaconry of the see of Calcutta, the first archdeacon being the Rev. G. Barnes. The church built by Mr. Cobbe was, a century later, consecrated by Bishop Middleton, the first bishop of Calcutta, on the 7th of June 1816, in honor of St. Thomas, “the apostle who first brought the gospel to India." In 1835, Bombay was raised to the dignity of a bishopric, under the rule of the Rt. Rev. Thomas Carr, who was installed on the 21st February 1838. St. Thomas’s Church was, at the same time, “ gazetted” as the Cathedral of the diocese. The old belfry was, in the last-mentioned year, displaced by the present tower, at an outlay of Rs. 16,000. The clock cost 500 guineas, which were raised by subscription. In 1865, other additions and alterations were commenced with the view of still further adapting the church to “the special ministry of the episcopal office” and the requirements of “ choral worship, the characteristic use of an English Cathedral church.” The portions completed are the new chancel, and the organ chamber in which stands the magni- ficent instrument built by Bishop and Starr, expressly for the Cathedral, at a cost of Rs. 15,000. Amongst those whose remains are buried in the church are the Hon’ble Jonathan Duncan ; Lady West, wife of Sir Edward West, Chief Justice ; Admiral Sir Frederick Mait- land, to whom the first Napoleon surrendered his sword after his flight from Waterloo ; Sir W. Syers, the first Recorder of Bombay ; Sir Robert Oliver, the first Commander-in-Chief of the Indian Navy ; Sir C. Harcourt Chambers, Sir James Dewar, and Sir David Pollock, Judges of the Supreme Court of Bombay ; Admiral Inglefield and _ DESCRIPTION or THE ClTY. 211 G9ne1alKinn°rsly. The monuments of greatest interest are those erected to the memory of the Hon’ble Jonathan Duncan, Governor of Bombay from 1795 to 1811 3 Captain H—rdinge, R.N., a younger brother of Lord Hardinge, who fell in the victorious naval engage. ment ofi the coast of Ceylon between the St. Fironzo and the Piedmontaise, a French frigate; Stephen Babington, (1.8., the reviser of the Judicial Code, whose statue, however, has been removed to the Town Hall; and Bishop Carr, whose effigy in marble, in full episcopal robes, reposes in the southern transept. The fountain in front of the Cathedral was the gift of Sir Cowasjee Jehangier, and cost Rs. 7,000. Among other institutions which the visitor will do well, if he has time, to take a look at before leaving the Fort, are the following : - This institution, located in Hornby Row, was founded by the first 'Sir Jamsetjee J ejeebhoy, Baronet, who, with lady Avabaee, his wife, set apart Rs. 3,000,000 for the education of poor Par-see children, and the relief of the poor of his community. There are both a boys’ and girls’ department in the central institu- tion, besides branch schools in the native town and in the Mofussil. The central school for boys was opened in 184-9, and that for girls in 1850. The Government of India are the trustees, and pay interest at the rate of 6 per cent. on the sum of three lakhs The executive administration is conducted by a committee of twelve members. The European principals since 1850 have been Professor Lott, Pro- fessor Green, Dr. A. G. Fraser, and Mr. Burgess. The foundation stone of the present buildings was laid by H. E. Sir Seymour Fitzgerald on the 21st February, 1871. This most interesting school for native girls, at present situated in Cowasjee Patell Street, in the Fort, owes its existence to the 'influence and exertions of Mr. Manockjee Cur. setjee, late a judge of the Small Cause Court at Bombay. It was opened in the year 1863, and named in honour of the marriage of the Prince of Wales with the Princess Sir Jamsetjee Jejeebhoy IParsee Benevolent Institution . Alexandra Native Girls’ Eng- lish Institution. 212 Kristen's cums TO nous“. Alexandra of Denmark. The school has had considerable success, in spite of many disadvantages, among which may be mentioned insufficient accommodation. A circumstance in which the Alexandra Institution (besides being the first to enter the field) surpasses every other of the kind in India, is the age up to which some of the pupils continue their studies within its walls, a few remaining even to the age of twenty- three or twenty-four. There were at the beginning of the- present year, 71 pupils under instruction, mostly Parsees, but, also a. few Hindoos. They receive an English education, and are also taught music, drawing, and needlework. At the end of 187 2, the Female Normal School at Bombay was amalgamated with the institution, and, while the amalgamation lasted, Government made the latter an annual grant of Rs. 3,120. The arrangement has recently terminated, and the institution is again dependent on the supportof private individuals, as the interest accruing from its funded capital of Rs. 36,000 is, without such aid, quite inadequate to meet the ordinary expenditure. The Lady Superintendent is Mrs. Monnet, to whom the satisfactory progress of the school, and.- its popularity with our more enlightened native fellow-citizens, are mainly due. The Scottish Education Society has a school for Europeans and Eurasians in the Fort, opened on the 15th April 1867, and now called: the John Connon High School, after the late Senior Magistrate of Bombay, and another at Byculla, near the railway bridge, corn- menced in September 1869. Both sexes, and boarders as well as day-scholars, are admitted. Although not charitable institutions, the schools are not self-supporting, and the deficiency of income has to be met by public contributions. The schools aim at imparting a training “ similar to that in the best parish schools in Scotland." They are high schools—i. 8-, schools in which the medium of instruc- tion is English and which are intended to prepare boys for colleges affiliated to the University. Scottish Schools. 4-.g4@.-'4. m - _. A 2141 MACLEAN'S GUIDE TO some“. A large portion is under bunder leveland would require filling up for two 01 three feet, before being utilized for building purposes ; and it is intended, we believe, to use the earth excavated on the Elphinstone property while the dock is under construction, for the purpose of ex- tending the reclamation of Mody Bay. There is no place aIOng the whole foreshore more convenient for traffic than Mody Bay ;but al- though large sums of money have been spent upon it, no serious at- tempt has been made to provide a proper landing place for passengers and goods. Yet even in its present rough state it is made much use of. The Elphinstone Estate fills up a long reach of foreshore between the native town and Mazagon, and is about one mile long and half a mile wide. Before it was begun the whole expanse of mud was exposed at the ebb of the tide, giving out uuwholesome odours, which were very deleterious to the health of the boatmen whose boats lay in the mud, and also to those who lived within reach of these exhalations. In those days cholera was never absent amongst the sailors, while at the present time it is almost unknown. The Elphinstone Company commenced operations in 1858 by reclaiming about twenty-two times of sea ground and building godowns' for merchandise, also a cotton press (which did not succeed and was therefore detached from the Company’s direct fortunes). Afterwards the scheme was expanded, and in April 1862 the large scheme was taken in band. It was completed, as at present, in 1871. During that time over seven million cubic yards of material were deposited, a Land and Dock Estate was laid out, containing for the land estate over 100 acres of building plots, ' nine miles of roads, from forty to eighty feet wide, and ten miles of drains ; and for the dock estate about seventy- one acres of wharf, and sites for sheds and godowns, ten acres of metalled wharf, about six acres of sheds, over two miles of permanent wharf walling forming two basins, and one bunder at which there is six feet water at extreme low-water spring tides, and about one and a half mile of temporary walling. The permanent walls are aL founded suflicieutly deep to allow of a depth of five to six feet ai low-water spring tides being dredged up to them. Elphjnstone Estate. DESCRIPTION or THE our. 215 Sites have been left for docks to the extent of nearly forty acres. The Prince’s Dock, the foundation- stone of which was laid with masonic honours by H. R. H. the Prince of Wales on the 11th November 1875, and which will, it is expected, be completed by the contractor, Mr. Glover, in 1878, will be thirty acres in extent, and have two sixty-feet entrances with about thirteen feet on the sills at low-water extreme spring tides. The whole area operated upon by the Elphinstone Company was 386 acres, made up as follows :— The Prince‘s Dock. Land reclaimed ............. .. 276 acres. Basins ,, ---- 65 n 01d bunders absorbed ..... .. 45 ,, Out of this the government got free eighty-six acres of land, and also nearly a mile of permanent walling, forming two basins, thus leaving about six acres of water area as the value of the concession for the rest of the foreshore. This land was made over to the G. I. P. Rail- way for a goods station, and cost the Elphinstone Company about sixty-five lakhs. There are several press companies on the land, and a large quantity of hay, chunam, and firewoodis stored on the property. It is also the seat of the grain trade, and the traders have lately been provided with sheds over two acres in area for storing that commo- dity. The extensive godowns on the estate are usually full of seeds, 8m, which are here garbled and put into bags for exportation. About one and half million tons of goods, imports and exports, were passed over the bunder last year. The Elphinstone Estate is approached by three bridges over the G. I. P. Railway, two 50 feet wide and one 60 feet; also by the Frere Road leading through Mody Pay estate 80 feet wide. The whole cost of the Elphinstone Estate to date amounts to rather under two millions sterling. THE NATIVE TOWN. Between the Elphinstone Estate and Sheikh Abdool Rehmon Street, a street which is the prolonga- tion of the Esplanade Market Road northwards to the junction of the Kalbadavee and Parell Roads at The Native Town. 216 MACLEAN'B cums ro sons“. Pydhonee Tank, lies the busiest district of the native town. This is the site of the Dungeree town marked in old maps; and at the beginning of this century a great impetus was given to its growth by the removal of the old Mandvee Custom House to Musjid Bun. Get (1803). Land could then be occupied at a very low ground rent, and within ten years from the date of the change just noted, capital had been invested in land so largely as to cause “ an increase of substantial buildings, extending very nearly to three miles from the Fort.” The principal part of the wholesale and retail trade in articles of daily consumption among the natives—as grain, ghee, oil, sugarcane, spices, &c.—is conducted here ; and, this being also a Mohammedan quarter of the town, the streets are full of shops kept by Boras for the retail sale of furniture, clothing, cutlery, glass, crockery, 8w. The narrow cross streets leading down to the Elphinstone wharves are often so crowded with traffic as to be almost impasable ; and Bheikh Abdool Rehmon Street has had its difficulties of ordinary locomotion increased by the tramway, which is carried along it, though there is in sOme places barer room for two vehicles to pass one another. A good many Parsees have houses in this street, which was the scene of the riot of 1874, when a Mussulman mob wrecked the Parsee fire-temple and garden- house and several dwelling-houses. The Mahommedan quarter ex. tends right along the Parell Road, and on both sides of it, as far as Byoulla. Besides the pretty mosque in the Parell Road, already noticed, there is a principal mosque (the J umma Musjid) in Shaikh Memon Street—the street leading down from the Arthur Crawford Markets to Mombadavee Tank. In this street are the Cloth Market and the shops of the dealers in piece-goods, and beyond the mosque, the population changes its character, being composed chiefly of Marwarees and Banians. The handsomer style of the houses shows the greater wealth of the inhabitants ; and the triangular section of the native town enclosed between the Esplanade The Mahommedsn Quarter, The Cloth Market. The Max-wares and Banlm Bazaar. DESCRIPTION or THE crrr. 217 Cross Road, Kalbadavee Road, and Sheikh Memon Street, may be said to contain the greater part of the accumulated riches of Bombay. It is here that the Dewalee, the merchants’ “ feat of lanterns” at the opening of a new business year after the rainy season, is most brilliantly celebrated. The pillars and quaint overhanging verandahs 0f the lofty houses near the Mombadavee Tank deserve attention as fine specimens of the wood carving for which the Hindoos are famous. The older houses, however, are the best. Some of the latest efforts in this line-notably, in the house built originally for the branch of the old Bombay Bank, which lies on the right as you return from Momba- davee Tank down the Kalbadavee Road to the Esplanade—are any- thing but beautiful. Nor is there much to admire in the new temple 0n the opposite side of the way, whose staring white front is stuck allover with little black-and-red images of gods, men, and monkeys. There are several fine residences of Hindoo merchants in Kalbadavee road, standing in courtyards back from the street. Many large shops, in which the goods are displayed in the English fashion, have been opened in this road of late years—especially J amsetjee Nowrojee’s, the cabinet-maker—and from the almost invariable use of English signboards, all of which have been put up during the last ten years, it is evident that European trade has over-flowed the limits of the Fort, and is gradually thrusting itself into the native town by this, the main thoroughfare, between the Esplanade and Byculla. At the corner of the Kalbadavee Road, facing the Esplanade, stands the Robert Money Institution. This school, which occupies such a prominent site, was designed by the friends of the late Robert Cotton Money of the Civil Service, a warm advocate of the education of the natives on Christian principles, to perpetuate his memory. In conformity with his views, the institution was placed under the control of the Church Missionary Society. Its first superintendent was the Rev. G. Valentine, who arrived in the country in 1838. Soon afterwards, a coadjutor was sent out in the Rev. Kalbadavee Road. European shops in Kalba- davee Road, Robert Money Institution. 218 MACLEAN’S GUIDE TO BOMBAY. J. S. S. Robertson. In 1843, the latter returned temporarily to Eng- land, and in the following year Mr. Valentine died of cholera. The present buildings were inaugurated March 11th, 1858, at which date the institution was under the joint management of the Rev. Messrs. Robertson and Frost. The institution has five Farish scholarships of the value of Rs. 5 monthly, and two Townsend scholarships of the monthly value of Rs. 4, which are conferred on deserving native stu- dents. It has an attendance of 250 pupils. The present principal is the Rev. T. Carss. - From the Money School, another great road, leading to Girgaum and Breach Candy, and, before the construction of the Queen’s Road on the Back Bay foreshore, the only road to Malabar Hill, passes through the Parsee and Mahratta quarters of the native town. The Parsees live, for the most part, in immense houses in Dhobie Talao, which are like regular . rabbit warrens, so many families live together in each house. It was in Dhobie Talao that a serious aftray occurred during the riots of 1874. The Mussulman burying-ground lies between the Parsee houses and the Queen’s Road ; and as the chief fire-temple is in the Girgaum Road, the Parsees took alarm at the approach of a numerous funeral procession from the eastern part of the town. Stones were thrown at the Mussulmans, who retaliated in kind, and there ensued much fighting with sticks and some blood-letting before order could be restored. There would, however, have been no disturbance at all if the Government had taken proper precautions to keep the peace. Unfortunately, Sir Philip Wodehouse left the people to protect themselves ; forgetting that, if the people of India could protect themselves from violence and rapine, they would not want the English to rule them. This attray' suggests a political reason in addition to the obvious sanitary reasons for removing the Mussulman burying-ground from the The Mussulman Burying windward side of the densely popu. ground and Hindoo Burning- lated native town to some remote gm‘md °n Back BaY- spot. The Hindoo burning-ground, too, alongside it, is anuisance to the native town and the Marine Dhobie ‘l‘alao. The Riot of February, 1874. DESCRIPTION or THE our. 219 Lines, across which its fumes are blown by the wind, though, being concealed behind a high wall, it is not offensive in any way to passers by on the Queen’s Road to windward of it. The English ceme- tery, to the north of the Mussnlman cemetery, was closed some years ago ; and no Christian burials now take place anywhere but at Sewree, a distance of five miles from the Fort. It would, however, be a serious matter to compel the Mahommedans, who are obliged by their religion to walk barefoot, carrying the corpse, to a funeral, to take their dead miles away from the native town for burial ; and a similar difliculty exists in the case of the Hindoos. It requires delicate as well as bold management to settle such difliculties ; and the present state of things will probably not be altered for many a. long *day. l The English cemetery at Sonapore, just referred to, was first opened in the year 1763. Prior to that date the principal burial-ground of the island, where, according to a defunct local magazine, were laid the earlier Governors, Deputy Governors, Council- lors, and great ones of Bombay, was situated at Mendam’s Point, near the old Apollo Gate—not far from the site of the unfinished Sailors’ Home. The older cemetery, which, although at one time containing large tombs and monuments, has since entirely disappeared, was con- sidered by the military authorities to interfere with the defences of the island, and was, in the year 1763, closed, and the tombs and monuments which, it was feared, might afiord cover to an advancing army, destroyed. Exactly one hundred years later, in 1863, a bill was introduced into the Legislative Council of Bombay to empower the Government to close all burial-grounds within the precincts of the town, as prejudicial to the public health. Of these, the English cemetery at Sonapore was the prina cipal. During the century that had elapsed ince it was first opened, it was calculated that 19,333 bodies had been interred in it, and for want of room old graves were constantly being re-filled. l t was not, however, till 1867, that Sonapore cemetery was closed, and that at Sewree, on ti \- site of the old Botanical Sonapore Cemetery, Queen’s Road. DESCRIPTION or THE our. 221 the Duncan Road, which runs from opposite the Mombadavee Tank to Byculla. Their houses are, as a rule, small and unpretentious. The general appearance of the Girgaum Road, however, is, like that of the Kalbadavie Road, undergoing a change. Many new shops are opened every year, and several large coach-building establish- ments carry on a thriving business in this road. The plantations of cocoanut-trees are very valuable, not so much on account of the fruit, but for the fermented juice called toddy, which forms an intoxicating liquor in great demand amongst the natives. A judge of the High Court at Bombay has lately decided that toddy is not a spirit, and therefore not liable to taxation, as it is not distilled, but fermented. The Bhun. darees, or toddy-drawers, live in little huts scattered about the plantations. They climb the tall trees with the aid of notches cut in the bark, and, on reaching the tufted crown of foliage, tie up “ the embryo bud, from which the blossoms and nuts would spring, to prevent its expansion, and then, making a small incision at the end, let the juice ooze out in gentle drops” into large leathern jars which are fastened over the incision and left to hang all night on the tree. When fresh, the liquor is pleasant to taste (Forbes calls it “ the palm-wine of the poets”) but as a fermented liquor it has no recommendation beyond that of being very strong. The Ccccanut Tree Planta- tions. Teddy. To complete the survey of this part of the native town, the visitor should leave the Girgaum Road at the Catholic chapel, opposite the Churney Road, and proceed, by way of Girgaum Back Road, and Cowasjee Patell Tank Road, through Bhooleshwur, to Mombadavee Tank, the central point of the whole native town. He will pass on the road, first, the Free General Assembly’s Institution. This insti. tution was removed to the present buildings at Khetwaddy in April 1855. It grew out of an English school for native youths, established by the Rev. Dr. Wilson in 1832, and was originally dependent on local contributions. It was afterwards in 1835 recognized by the Church of Scotland. Since Free General Assembly’s Institution . 222 MACLEAN’S GUIDE TO BOMBAY. 1843, it has been maintained by the Free Church of Scotland. It has a college division affiliated since 1861 to the local university. It has several endowed scholarships. , Some distance further on is the Roman Catholic cathedral of Nostra Senora de Esperanza, built here after the old cathedra (the site of whichis still marked by a cross on the Esplanade near the Marine Lines, to which the Portuguese come to pray on all great festivals of the church) was pulled down on the enlargement of the Esplanade in 1805. Near the cathedral is the Banian hospital for stray sickly or diseased animals, called the Pinjrapole. v Till lately it might have been said that nobody who had not a strong stomach should go into this horrible place. The animals were fed well enough, but no care was taken to keep them clean or restore them to health. Those that were well, on going in, soon became afliicted with one disease or another, so that it would have been a mercy if the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals could have interfered and had the whole collection shot, instead of leaving the wretched animals to linger in hopeless misery. Some attempts have lately been made, however, to regulate the placealittle better, and a veterinary surgeon has been engaged to look after the sick animals. Plndrapole. The whole of the native town, from the top of the Copper Bazaar, which fronts the Mombadavee Tank, to Girgaum, abounds with Jain and Hindoo temples; and, to judge by appearances, the Hindoo religion was never more popular than it is now. A remarkably handsome new temple has just been built at great expense near the Cowasjee Patell Tank by the leading men of that sect of Vishnavas, the Epicurean Bhattias, whom Sir Bartle Frere has lately taken special pains to denounce in Macmilla/n’s Magazine. It is very difficult to get admission into any of the temples or mosques in Bombay, th0ugh in the interior of India free access to all but the holiest shrines is never denied to Europeans. Temples. nascmr'nou or THE our. 223 THE NORTHERN SUBURBS OF BOMBAY. Grant Road is the northern limit of the native town proper; beyond this road, in Tardeo, Byculla, Mazagon, and Parell, the European element of the population is again prominent. To reach Byculla, where are two or three large hotels, the Byculla Club and Race Course, and the principal passenger stations of the G. I. P. and B. B. and C. I. railways, the visitor should take the route of the Esplanade Road, Kalbadavee, and the Parell Road, though he may also drive along the Queen’s Road or the Girgaum Road, and then cross the Flats by the new road opened out from the foot of the Gowalla Tank Road. On the Parell Road, he will pass, besides the new buildings already described, the Grant Medical College at the corner of the Baboola Tank Road. Grant College was established in the year 1845, as a tribute to the memory of the late Sir Robert Grant, Governor of Bombay. Its object is “ to impart, through a. scientific system, the benefit of medical instruction to the natives of Western India.” A moiety of the cost of the building was defrayed by the friends of Sir R. Grant, and the remainder by Government. The funds for the support of the college are contributed by Government. There is in connection with the college a subsidiary school for the instruction of young men in medical science through the Marathi and anerathi languages. Clinical and practical instruction is imparted in the Jamsetjee Jeejeebhoy Hospital, which contains 350 beds, and has attached an Obstetric Institution, an Eye Infirmary, and an Asylum for Incurables. A list of the endowments, aggregating Rs. 1,16,800, is published in the Bombay University Calendar. The college was afliliated to the University in 1860. The history of the Byculla church is interwoven with that of the Education Society’s Schools, in close proximity to which it has been erected. Until the year 1825, a“Charity School” for Protestant children, which was started under the auspices of the Rev. R. Cobbe Byculla. Grant Medical College. Christ Church, Byculla. 224 MACLEAN’S cums r0 aoxsn. in 1718-19, existed in the Fort, in connection with St. Thomas’s Church. In 1825, the school was by order of Government remoVed to the present buildings at Byculla, which were constructed at a cost of Rs. 1,71,238. In 1831, measures were commenced to build a church in the locality, and Government made a grant of Rs. 10,000 towards the erection, on the understanding that the children of the‘ schools were, in return, to be provided with sittings free of charge. The church was designed and built by a Portuguese architect named Augusto. The foundation stone was laid by Lord Clare, who further evinced his interest in the work by making a grant of the iron pillars in the interior, which had been originally intended for the Town Hall. The church, which has sittings for 500 persons, Was consecrated in 1835 by the Rt. Rev. Daniel Wilson, Bishop of Calcutta. In 1870, the stained-glass window at the east and was added in memory of the late Mr. Spencer Compton. Memorial brasses, containing the Creed, the Lord’s Prayer and the Ten Commandments, have also been placed in the chancel by a member of the congregation as a tribute to his deceased wife. We have given the origin of these schools in our account of the church. They are supported by volun- tary contributions, a fixed annual grant of Rs. 5,280 from Government, fees, and the profits on a printing press which has been worked by the Society with great success since 1848. The children (of both sexes) belong to two different classes : one, orphans who are entirely supported by the funds of the Society ; and the other, orphans belonging to the military, the cost of whose support is defrayed by Government. At the end of 1874, there were 279 boarders in both schools, and only 18 day-scholars. The endowments cemented with the schools amount in the aggregate to Rs. 35,000, the interest of which is applied to the maintenance of pupil-teachers and children. This sum is the balance of a legacy left by Mrs. Eleanor Boyd, who bequeathed by will the bulk of her property to be applied in the education and maintenance of an equal number of boys and girls, being Protestant orphans born of British parents within the town and county of Education Society’s Schools, Byculla. DESCRIPTION or run cm. 225 Bombay, or the country subordinate to the Bombay Presidency. The fund remained at interest with Government, who felt some diffi- culty in paying over the money to the Society. Accordingly, in 1823, a friendly suit was agreed upon ; but in 1824 Government saw their way to paying over Rs. 46,000 to the new buildings. In 184-5 the suit was decided, and in 1845 a trust-deed, prepared under the court, vested Rs. 34,000 in trustees to carry out the above pur- poses. The sum now amounts to Rs. 35,000. Continuing on his way over the Byculla Railway Bridge, past the gardens, the visitor reaches Parell, once the favourite site for the country houses of European merchants. These houses are large, substantially built, and cool, and are in all respects better suited to the climate than the new style of bungalows on Malabar Hill. The freehold of the village of Parell was granted to the Wadia family sixty years ago, in recognition of their services as ship-builders during the French war ; and the head of the Wadia family, Mr. Ardaseer Hormusjee Wadia, still has his residence at Lowjee Castle on the road leading from the main road up to Government House. At the date of Fryer’s visit to Bombay, about two hundred years ago, a church and convent belong. ing to the Jesuits stood on the site of the present Government House at Parell. The principal establishment of the Society was at Bandora, at the other side of the Mahim Strait, where the present slaughtenhouses have been erected. Fryer describes the college that stood there as “ not inferior as to the building nor much unlike those of our universities.” It was, moreover, defended like a fortress, with seven cannon, besides small arms. The superior possessed such extensive influence that his mandates were respectfully attended to in the surrounding country. When Bombay was ceded to the English, the Bandora College claimed much land and various rights in the island. On the claim being disallowed, the Jesuits threatened a resort to arms, and went so far as to assist the adventurer Cooke in his impudent attempt to raise a force for the capture of Bombay. Their crowning act of Parell. Government House, Parell. L5 226 MACLEAN’S owns 10 sonsn. hostility, however, was the support they gave the Seedee in his successful invasion of the island in 1689-90. They were suspected of first suggesting to him the practicability of invading Bombay, and they certainly had supplied his army with provisions. As a punish- ment, when the war was over, all their property on the island, including the monastery and lands at Parell, was confiscated. It would appear that it was not till 1720 that the church at Parell was alienated from its original use. In that year, the Jesuits and their sympathizers were expelled from the island, and the spiritual oversight of the Roman Catholic congregations was transferred by the English Governor to the Carmelites (Bo. Quma Review iii. pp. 61, 62). Bishop Heber states that the building afterwards fell into the hands of a Parsee, from whom it was purchased by Govern- ment about the year 1765. Only the lower storey of the present Government House formed the desecrated church ; the upper storey has been added since the building became Government property. The outside of Parell House is plain, if not ugly ; but the interior, so far as the state rooms are concerned, is handsome enough, the dining- room on the ground-floor, and the drawing-room above, being eighty feet long, and broad in proportion. Sir Seymour Fitzgerald and Sir Philip Wodehouse have had the house re-furnished in good style. The garden at the back is spacious and well looked after, and has a fine terrace shaded by noble trees. There used to be a willow at Parell, grown froma slip out from the tree on Napoleon’s grave at St. Helena, but no one seems to know if the willow is alive or dead now. Mr. W. Hornby (1776l was the first Governor who took up his residence at Parell. The original building was enlarged and embellished by the Hon. Mountstuart Elphinstone (1819-27). In 1737, the Jesuits’ college at Bandora, before referred to, was destroyed by the Portuguese to prevent its falling into the hands of the Mahrattas, who in that year invaded Salsette. Sewree Cemetery occupies aspace of ground about half a mile in extent near the harbour shore beyond Government House, Parell, and is reached by the Ohinchpoogly road, which turns oflf the main Parell road just beyond the Victoria Gardens. Arrangements are made there for three classes of funerals ;the fees for a first-class funeral are Rs. 7, for second class Rs. 8, and for third Re. 1 ; no fee is charged for digging the graves of sailors, soldiers, their families, or of paupers, nor for the ground occupied by their graves: there is a. scale of charges fixed for the construction of masonry Sewree Cemetery. _ DESCRIPTION or THE CITY. 227 graves, or the erection of tombs. “ Maintenance charges” are pay- able to the Public Works Department, and the money left for the repairs to tombs is kept in the Government Savings Bank in the joint names of the ofliciating chaplain and the Accountant General. There is a cemetery at Matoonga for interments of the Goanese. Notices of funerals are given by the undertaker to the officiating clergyman of the religious denomination to which the deceased belonged. The following cemeteries have been disused for some time :—Colaba, Sonapore, the Presbyterian burying ground, and the old Euglish burying ground at Matoonga. By following the main Patell road the visitor can get a pleasant drive through the woods to the suburb of Mahim, thickly inhabited by Portuguese. Mahim, with Bandora, on the point over against it, is the chief fishing station for Bombay. To reach Mazagon, it is necessary to turn oi the Parell Road at the Jamsetjee Hospital. Except that the P. and 0. Company have their docks and workshops at Mazagon, and despatch a small steamer from the pier with passengers on mail days, there is little to be said about Mazagon. There is a large Portuguese population, with a considerable sprinkling of Europeans. The Pedder Markets are described at page 195. There are two churches here, one Pro- testant and the other Catholic, and a Catholic school. St. Peter’s, Mazagon, was opened for divine service in 1859. it was built chiefly from finnds be- queathed by an aged European resi- dent of the district named Shepherd, about whose life those who knew him best observed an air of mystery. The outside world only heard of his existence. On his death, the public learnt that he had left funds for the erection of a church at Mezagon, and of a. refuge for widows, orphans and blind persons. The latter, known as “ Shepherd’s Alms-house,” has been built at Byculla, convenient to the church. Originally, St. Peter’s, Mazagon, could seat only 110; but, on the appointment of the Rev. E. H. Cooper, the demand Mahim and Benders. Mazagcrn. St. Peter's Church, Mazagon. 228 nscmm’s GUIDE TO BOMBAY. for accommodation had risen in such a remarkable manner, that he at once set about collecting funds for its enlargement. On his departure for England, where he died soon after his arrival, the Rev. W. H. Harpur was appointed his successor—and during his‘ incumbenoy the work, begun so zealously by Mr. Cooper, was com- pleted. The church can now accommodate 250 people. Mr. Harpur was able also to build a parsonage on a site granted for that pur- pose by Government. Through Mr. Cooper’s influence, a memorial window has been put up at the east end, to commemorate those who perished in the wreck of the P. and O. Company’s steamer Carnati'c representing the principal scenes in the life of the apostle Peter. Towards the last quarter of the year 1863 house-rent began to rise seriously in Bombay, and it was evident it would be impossible to continue paying rent for the Catholic orphanage at Byculla. The children were therefore to be removed as soon as possible to Parell, and on Sunday, October 15th, Bishop Steins issued a circular to his clergy, calling on them to collect subscriptions for an orphanage building, at the same time making it known that H. E. the Governor, Sir Bartle Frere, had promised to give a Government aid equal to the sum actually collected by the 1st January 1864. The result was the grant of Rs. 92,000, and with this sum, first, the debt incurred in building the girls’ orphanage at Poona was cleared, and then the two buildings were raised that now form the St. Mary’s Institution. On the 11th June 1864 the school moved from Parell into the smaller building where the institution was carried on till the fine large building was completed at the end of 1867. The St. Mary’s Institution teaches up to the sixth standard, the further studies being carried on at St. Xavier’s. There are two classes of boarders separate from each other in all except schooling and recreation. The first-class boarders pay Rs. 96 quarterly, in advance, with no extras for books, stationery and medical attendance; Rs. 5 entrance money is to be paid towards the Boarders’ Library Fund. The second-class boarders pay Rs. 60 per quarter, in ad. St. Mary’s Institution. DESCRIPTION or run cm. 22 vance, with no extras for books, stationery, medical attendance and clothing; Rs. 3 entrance money is to be paid towards the Boarders’ Library Fund. In each class of boarders when there are two or one brothers, one only pays the full amount; the others are entitled to a reduction of Rs. 9 per quarter in the first class and of Rs. 6 per quarter in the second. At the present moment, October 1875, there are 200 boarders and as many day-scholars at St. Mary’s. We would recommend any one who wishes to find out the bad as well as the good points of Bombay to turn off the Parell Road at the Elphinstone College, and drive across the Flats by the Clerk Road to Mahaluxmee. The whole of the ground he will traverse was not many years ago a dismal swamp for the greater part of the year ; and much of it is not much better now. Building is, however, constantly, going on; and already there are numerous cotton mills, with their surroundings of labourers‘ houses, stretching across the Flats from Tardeo all the way to Parell. Before the end of this century there will be as many tall chimneys in this region as in any equal space of ground in Lancashire. It is the more necessary, therefore, that care should be taken to drain properly what must soon be, if it is not already, a populous town; and the visitor will be horrified to find that an open main drain, carrying away the sewage of Bombay, still runs along the Flats to wind- ward of Byculla. Any worse nuisance, in a tropical climate, it is impossible to conceive ; and the Municipal authorities, who have already begun the reclamation of the Flats with town sweepings—a measure of doubtful sanitary advantage—should make it an urgent duty to get the money for thoroughly draining this part of Bombay. The Flats. Having thus completed our rounds through all parts of the city, except Malabar Hill, we will, before mounting the hill, say a word or two about some institutions which we have hitherto overlooked :— The Free Kirk was opened for divine service on Saturday, 29th October 1848. Its first pastor was the Rev. A. G. Fraser, the present Railway Magistrate at Poona. It was designed by Major Alexander Cumina Free Church, Esplanade. 230 lucnmlv’s cums TO Bonn. Peat, 0.3., of the Bombay Engineers. As one instance of the liberality of the subscribers to the building fund, it maybe mentioned that the contribution of Mr. David McCulloch, a merchant of this city, alone amounted to Rs. 30,000. It is a neat structure built of Porebunder stone, and a pleasant contrast to the squalid tenements in its immediate neighbourhood. This school, founded by the late Sir Jamsetjee Jejeebhoy, was opened in September 1857. At first, the classes met at the E'lphinstone Institution ; but were accommodated subsequently in the present temporary buildings on the Esplanade. The students are instructed in wood engraving, ornamental pottery, decorative painting and architectural sculpture. A more suitable edifice for the accommodation of the school is now in course of erection in the vicinity of the Goculdass 'I‘ejpall Hospital, under the stipulation entered into by Government with the founder. Under its original name of the Native Education Society's School, this institution was established in 1822. In later years, it was amal- gamated with the Elphinstone College, and the joint establish- ment was, until 1856, known as the Elphinstone Institution. Since the separation that then took place, it is known as the Elphinstoue High School. It has a funded capital of Rs. 80,000, and enjoys an annual allowance from Government of RSV 20,000. The present building being found too small, a more commodious one has been commenced in the vicinity of St. Xavier’s College on the Esplanade, which, it is estimated, will cost 5,50,000 rupees. It is an Italian gothic building, 452 feet in length, and containing 28 class rooms, library, lecture hall, master’s rooms, &c. The Indo-British Institution, which was established in 1838, by the late Rev. Geo. Candy, has for its object to provide educa- tion and a home for the children of the destitute Indo-British or Eurasian population, and others, who have no claim on the Military Asylum at Sir Jamsetdee Jeieebhcy Schoolofm Elphinstone High School. Indo-British Institution, Bonapore. DESCRIPTION or THE cm. 231 Byculla. It is in the main a charitable institution. The insti- tution consists of two schools, one for boys, the other for girls. There are at present 70 boarders and 31 day scholars. The children are nearly all Indo-British and European. The school pre- mises, loeated at Sonapore, cost Rs. 40,000, of which a moiety was contributed by the Gospel Propagation and Christian Knowledge Societies, and the remainder obtained from the public. A small endowment yields Rs. 4 monthly, a sum not equal to the support of even one child. The trustees of the Rev. Charles Green Memorial Fund maintain an orphan in the institution under the trust deed. This handsome building at Kalbadevie, begun under the auspices of Dr. Wilson, and completed in 1843, was, with its library, apparatus, and school furniture, claimed at the re- ligious disruption in Scotland by the Established Kirk. It ranks as a high school. General Assembly’s Institu- flan. This church was opened for public worship on 10th January 1869' It was designed by Mr. W. Emerson, the well-known architect. Although intended to be ultimately handed over to the native Christian body in connection with the Church Missionary Society, yet in consideration of the English services held in it, Government con- tributed half the cost. It is found to be too small for its present English congregation, and is shortly to be enlarged, at an estimated outlay of Rs. 16,000. In conformity with a rule of the C. M. Society it has not been consecrated The Mission Church at Kamateepoora was built at the instance of the local committee, S. P. G., on a site selected and obtained for it from Go- vernment, mainly through the exertions ofa former missionary of the Society, the Rev. Chas. Kirk, now a chaplain on the Bombay establishment. It cost Rs. 30,000, of which Government contributed a moiety, the remainder being raised by pub- lic subscriptions. It was first used for divine service on Sunday, October 22nd, 1871, and was consecrated by Bishop Douglas on the Gtrgamn Mission Ohumh. St. Paul‘s Chmuh. poora. 232 _ KACLEAX’S cums T0 sommr. Feast of St. Paul, January 25th, 1872. Since then services in English, Marathi, and Tamil have been held in it by the different mission- aries of the Society. It was designed by Mr. Emerson, but, for want of funds, the belfry has not been built. The corner-stone of the Baptist Church at Byculla was laid in February 1872. It was opened for divine service in 1874, and is under the pastoral care of the Rev. J. Urquhart. The Diocesan School at Byculla was brought into existence under the auspices of the Diocesan Board of Education, a body established by the late Bishop Harding in 1866. It was at first held in Preemasons' Hall, Mazagon, but has lately been transferred to a building in Love Lane purchased by the board with the aid of Government. The aim of the school is to give European and Eurasian children an education suiting them for commercial life or for subordinate posts in the public oifices. There is a girls’ department. This useful institution has for its object the maintenance and education of Scottish orphans, although not to the exclusion of others. It admits both boarders and dayscholars. The orphanage is under Government inspection, and having attained a high reputation as a middle-class school, has lately been raised to the status of a high school. Funds have been partly collected for a more suitable building which, it is hoped, may soon be commenced. The orphanage has existed under its present constitution since 1859. THE KENNEDY SEA FACE, WALKESHWUR, AND MALABAR HILL. We will now ask the visitor, if he is not already tired of our comps- nionship,to go with us once more from the Fort, down past the Band. stand on the Esplanade, and the pretty collect ion of pigeon-houses which do duty for a railway station at Church Gate, and which are said to have been designed to turn into ridicule the most prominent feature of the lime Baptist Church, Byc'ulla. Diocesan High School, Love Lane, Byculla. Scottish Orphanage, Mahim. Church Gate Station. DESCRIPTION or ran cm. 233 tian gothic architecture in the new public buildings. The railway here is constructed on reclaimed land, to which the name of the Kennedy Sea Face has been given, as a compliment to Colonel Kennedy, R.E., Secretary in the Public Works Department. A notable addi- tion to the attractions of Bombay, and one which may be considered of especial use as regards the convenience of the popula- tion, is the new road on the banks of the Bay which has just been completed, extending as it does from the over-bridge at Colaba to the railway crossing, and affording pas- sengers along the Queen’s Road a thoroughfare to Malabar Hill by the line now known as the Kennedy Sea Face. For carriages, the Queen’s Road still maintains its special utility, and this handsome communication is one which it ‘ _ would not be well to supersede. The singlaclilde along Kennedy Kennedy Sea Face had been considered in the light of waste ground, until the design which caused its enclosure became fully manifest. It now promises to be the most popular thoroughfare for equestrians and pedestrians riding or walking for recreation or business from either of its termini. It is a sufficiently broad road for those choosing to walk, and the passengers preferring to ride have a still broader one, covered with loose turf suited to their steeds. Riders, indeed, from the vicinity of the band~ stand, much prefer to give their horses a center on the banks of the Bay to keeping them confined within the rails, which at present too much restrict the range of what we call our Rotten Row. The latter has not been a general place of resort for riders, partly, we fancy, on account of the rails, which restrict the eager equestrian on what must be considered a too narrow road, when compared with the width of the ride in Hyde Park, which established for itself the same designation so long ago that authorities are not quite agreed as to its derivation. A walk, as well as a ride, in this direction, was certainly wanted, for the benefit of the Fort people as well as those availing themselves of its advantages from Malabar or Cumbela Hill. As new The Queen’s RoarL Rotten Row- 234- HACLEAN'S GUIDE TO roman. completed, nothing could be more acceptable to the wayfarer, whether on horse or on foot. The double road is approached, not only from Colaba, but from various points along its extent—notably from the several stations on the railway, which runs parallel to and separates the Queen’s Road from that of the Kennedy Sea Face. The advantages of a concurrent ride and drive in this direction are obvious. The Queen’s Road has no special advantages for riders, while walkers find the inconvenience of having to keep their distance from drivers and riders, who contribute to keep them well provided with dust. Along the present path now provided, all but the drivers find themselves particularly at ease. Walking or riding, it is a welcome resort, and the Bombay people are already taking a partial view of its advantages. It is not certain that it is yet sought by many from the suburban hills ; but the inhabitants of the Fort, native as well as European, avail themselves freely of this breezy thoroughfare which may be considered the pleasantest walk easily accessible to people whose lot casts them in the business part of Bombay. Equestrians, too, are beginning to know their best ground, and we much mistake if the Kennedy Sea Face will not permanently supersede the Rotten Row proper which forms part of the Esplanade. It is satisfactory to add that a garden is being constructed at the north end of the ride, which, when it has grown np-a period which must be remote, if judged from its long state of infancy—will be a feature of much attraction to this part of the island. The total length of the ride is nearly three miles. It might be well to sug- gest to the gallant and distinguished ofiicer whose name has been given to the new enclosure, that a very valuable and instructive addition to the attractions of the locality would be the construction of a marine aquarium. The shore in these parts abounds in sea anemones and marine monsters, great and small, sufficiently hideous in their appearance and eccentric in their habits to equally secure the interest of those who seek knowledge and those _whose ambition is confined to recreation from labour. Proposal for an Aquarium on the Kennedy Sea Face. DESCRIPTION or THE our. 235 Following the Queen’s Road, we sweep round Back Bay, and, as- cending Malabar Hill Road, which is dominated on the right by tall cliflfs with houses built to the very edge of the precipices, do not go at once to the summit of the Ridge, but turn 05 half-way up the ascent by the winding lower road to Govern- ment House, Malabar Point. The drive along this road aflords charming glimpses of Bombay, and one only regrets that the woods above and below the road are not kept in a less slovenly state. Government House consists of a number of bungalows on a promontory which runs out into the ocean, and is the coolest and pleasantest site for a house in all Bom- bay. It is, of course, uninhabitable during the monsoon, as Malabar Point is exposed to the full fury of the wind and waves;but during the rest of the year it is a far more agree- able residence than Parell. Mr. Mountstuart Elphinstone had only “a pretty cottage” here; but a large ball-room has since been built, and it would be for the convenience of the public if the Government would build any other reception rooms that may be required and let the Governor take up his quarters here altogether, as the distance from the Fort is not much more than half that of Parell. In comical contrast with the unpretending architecture of Government House at the Point, is a Grecian temple built for a guard-house at the gate on the Walkeshwur road, by which one returns up the hill to the Ridge. On the left of this road, as one leaves the point, is the famous holy tank of Walkeshwur, which is still resorted to on feast days by thousands upon thousands of people. You descend to it by several flights of steps, which end in an enclosure surrounded by picturesque houses and temples of Maha- deva, with a large fine tank in the centre. There is a large colony of Brahmins here, who lie about smoking and chewing opium, and are almost too fat and lazy even to scowl at you as you pass by. The tank is full of dirty green water, though the Municipality pumped it out and cleaned it some years ago, and then took the Government House, Malabar Point. Walkeshwur Tank. 236 uAcLsAN‘s GUIDE TO sons“. trouble to construct a tunnel from it down to the sea, so that it might be emptied during each rainy eason. At the western end of the tank is a narrow passage leading down to the sea, which, we believe, is the veritable cleft hole in the rock to which pilgrims used tocome for the purpose of regeneration, which they accom- plished by getting themselves dragged through the opening. There is a well-authenticated tradition that Sivajee once visited Bombay in disguise in order that he might be put through this hole in the rock. On the right hand of the Walkeshwur Road, some little way beyond the steps leading to the tank, there are the ruins of what must have been a large temple and numerous habitations. We have now returned from our tour round Malabar Point to where the Walkeshwur Road meets the Malabar Hill Road, and is con- tinued along the Ridge to the Towers of Silence, which stand on the highest point of the hill. From the Ridge we get a magnificent view of the island and harbour of Bom- bay. Perhaps the best point of view is the Clifif, the late Dr. Wilson’s residence, and the best time just before sunset. A poet might well say that “ earth hath not anything to show more fair” than the glorious panorama of water, wood, hills, shipping, and the stately edifices of a great city which here strikes and fascinates the eye. “ This dings Dumbarton,” is said to have been the remark of a Scotchman on first seeing Gibraltar ; and perhaps even Scott, had he seen Bombay from the Ridge, would have confessed that this is a. lovelier scene than that which he describes in such glowing verse, when his hero Marmion looks down upon Edinburgh from the brow of Braid Hill. Adouble bay lies below, intersected by the island city, which, buried at its base in plantations of palm trees, emerges midway into a succession of noble buildings, whose faults of detail are lost in the distance, while the harmonious grandeur of the whole mass is enhanced by the parting rays of the sun shining full upon them. From this culminating point of splendour, the city tapers away towards Oolaba in a gently curving promontory, just broad enough to mark and complete the perfect outline of Back Bay. View of Bombay from the Ridge. DESCRIPTION or THE cur. 237 Beyond stretches the broad harbour with its islands,and the mountains of the Concan, with their battlemented summits, form the background of the picture. Perhaps, although Bombay does not, like England, appeal to the imagination by the charm of great and holy memories, it might not be esteemed sacrilege to apply to her, thus seen at sunset, or, still better, in the tropical radiance of the moonlight, the words of the poet—“ A precious stone, set in the silver sea.” The road along the Ridge ends abruptly at the last bungalow, which is situated at some little distance from the Towers of Silence ; but a footpath is carried round lhe outer wa'l to the entrance to the Towers. The old approach to the entrance was by a steep rocky staircase up the cliff from Girgaum ; but about eighteen years ago the late Sir Jamsetjee J ejeebhoy gave money for the construc- tion Of a broad carriage road from the other face of the hill to- wards Breach Candy, up to the foot of the highest flight of steps, and by this road the visitor can now reach the Towers without inconvenience. The Towers, five in number, stand within a large enclosure on a space of ground measuring about eighty thousand square yards. There are also, within the enclosure, a house of prayer for persons attending a funeral ; a temple in which the sacred fire is kept always burning, and from which its rays, escaping through apertures in the wall, fell upon the towers; and a well- laid-out and well-cared-for garden. In the garden is an excellent model of a tower, which is explained to visitors by the attendants. The cerpse of a deceased Parsee, clothed in white, is carried up the hill on an open bier covered with white cloth; the male relatives and friends, all clothed in white, following in pairs, each pair holding a handkerchief between them. Some prayers having been said in the rest-house, the bier is again taken up, and the body conveyed to one of the towers. These towers are round, massive. looking buildings with white plasterer] walls, the circumference of the largest of them being 276 feet, and the height of the wall 25 feet. At a distance of 3 feet from the ground there is a door in the wall, through which the corpse-bearers push the body, and then, entering themselves, lay it in its appointed place. The Towers of Silence. 238 MACLEAN'S cums T0 BOMBAY. The interior of each tower, which is open to the sky, is covered, at a height of 25 feet from the ground, with acircular flooring which slopes downwards on a‘l sides to the centre, and contains numerous open grooves or receptacles for dead bodies. The outer ring of this flooring is set apart for the bodies of men, a second ring for those of women, and the third or innermost ring for those of children. At regular distances radiating channels intersect these rings. The body having been deposited in its place, the bear- ers retire, and immediately a swarm of vultures, which birds of prey may always be seen sitting in dozens on the tops of the walls, swoop down and strip the body of every particle of flesh in less than two hours. After a few days the corpse-bearers return, and, collecting the bones, which are then perfectly dried up, place them in the central well, 45 feet wide, where they re- main to be decomposed by the air and the rain. The mois- ture runs off into the ground through filters of charcoal and sand, and leaves nothing of the human body in the inside of the Tower but the dry crumbling bones. This mode of disposing of the dead, which the Parsees have practised for countless generations, is repulsive to the sentiment of nations accustomed to bury their dead in the ground; but it is thoroughly wholesome, and clears away most effectually one of the greatest difficulties encumber. ing the path of sanitary reformers in great cities. The Parsees, too, affirm, with some justice, that it really carries out the doctrine of the equality of man more satisfactorily than burying or burn. ing, since the bones of the whole community, rich and poor, rest together at last inthe well within the Tower of Silence. From a platform outside the rest-house the visitor can get a very good view of Bombay. The Prince of Wales, when he visited the Towers, said, this view gave him a better idea than any other he had seen of the extent and character of the city. Tickets to view the Towers of Silence may be obtained from Mr. Nusserwanjee Byramjee, secretary to the Parsee Punchayet. From the Ridge the hill slopes down westwards to the sea, and the whole declivity is covered with houses thickly set among trees. DESCRIPTION OF THE CITY. 239 Malabar Hill, thirty years ago, had only two bungalows built upon it—the Beehive and the Wilder- ness ,- now a large proportion of the European population of Bombay lives here. Dr. Norman Macleod appropriately described most of the bungalows as “ beehives," adding that they are very comfortable inside. The old-fashioned bungalow usually but one storey high, with spacious rooms, thick walls, and broad verandahs, and surrounded by a large garden bright with flowers, fruit trees and green turf, is indeed a place of residence delightfully suited to the needs of the climate of Bombay, in which it is desirable to shut out the heat of the sun while admitting the cool sea breeze which blows in straight from the Indian Ocean. Many of the new houses, however, have been built hastily, with little regard to health or comfort ;and the hill is now too much built over and too thickly populated to be so pleasant a. resort as it used to be. Several steep roads lead from the Ridge down to the lower road which follows the line of the coast. It is a pleasant drive down the west side of the hill and along Breach Candy by the sea to Mahaluxmee, where there is a nest of much-frequented Hindoo temples anda tank almost as holy as that of Walkeshwur. A new institution on Breach Candy is the salt-water swimming-bath built for the use of Europeans at a cost of £1,000. A very good view of Bombay can be obtained from the flagstaff, Cumballa Hill, at the back of Breach Candy. The existence of the Sea-water Swimmimg Bath, lately constructed on the shore of the Warden Road, Breach Candy, at last removes the reproach so often brought against the people of Bombay, that, living in a place surrounded by the sea, they should have made no endea- vours to provide suitable accommodation for bathing purposes. The Breach Candy bath is, however, a public bath merely as far as Europeans are concerned, and, although the natives are refused entrance to it, the restriction is not due to any reluctance on the part of the former to intermingle with them in the enjoyment of Malabar Hill. Breach Candy. Swimming Bath. 240 ' aucmm’s cows 10 noun/m this social recreation, but it is enforced in obedience to the condition upon which the money for the bath was provided. Some years ago, before the mail steamers ran to Bombay, the passengers from Europe for Bombay were compelled to make a stay at Aden, from whence they had to make their own arrangements for reaching their destination. To overcome this inconvenience, a fund was started by civilians and other Europeans in Bombay for the purpose of providing house accommodation in Aden, and also to charter steamers to and fro between the two ports. The intro- duction of the P. & O. Co.’s steamers, however, on this line obviated the necessity for this special means of transit, which was, therefore. discontinued, and the balance of the fund remained in the hands of General Barr until, finding himself the sole surviving trustee, he made it over to Mr. Pedder, the Municipal Commissioner, for the purpose of carrying out some work for the especial benefit of the European community, by whom originally the money for the fund was alone contributed. Thus, it will be seen that the restriction is - not a matter of intention but of circumstances only. The bath is very popular, and is always spoken of by those who use it in the highest terms of approbation. It is sixty feet long and thirty feet wide, and varies in depth according to the state of the tide—from four feet six at the deep end during neap tides, to ten feet at spring tides. The floor of the bath is lined with Minton’s glazed tiles, and the sides, which are of cement, are painted white. The general appearance of the interior of the bath building is clean and neat, andbeing thoroughlywell ventilated it is always cool. There are over twenty dressing-rooms, sufficiently large to be convenient and comfortable, and there are two shower-baths of fresh water provided for those who wish to avail themselves of them. Bathers can also have their cup of cofiee and cigarette, on payment of a small fee to the bathkeeper. The entrance fee for subscribers is one rupee per month, and for non-subscribers two annas per bath. The days for subscribers are as follows :— Sunday, to 8 a. m. res, mums. Tuesday, to 10 a. in. Monday, to 10 a. 111. Friday, to 10 a. m. Thursday, to 10 a. m. DESCRIPTION or THE our. 241 all other hours being open to non-subscribers. The bath is open- ed at sunrise and is closed at sunset, and also for the two hours between 11 and 1 p. m, Bathers are provided with towels and bathing garments on pay- ment of a small additional fee. The bath is regulated by a committee elected at a public meeting of the subscribers, held in the month of January in each year, and the honorary secretary, for the present, is Mr. Rienzi Walton, Executive Engineer of the Municipality, by whom the bath was designed and built. THE CLIMATE AND WAY OF LIFE IN BOMBAY. We may appropriately conclude this part of the Guide with a few remarks on the climate and way of life in Bombay. It is unnecessary for us, in these days, to assure the reader that Anglo. Indians are not a distinct species of the human race, and that the manners and customs of Englishmen in India are, with very slight variations, the manners and customs of Englishmen at home. Cwlum, non animum, mutant, qui trans mare currunt. The impe. rious demands of climate cannot, of course, be altogether dis- regarded ; but the influence of fashion is, as a rule, superior to that of climate, and the general ambition of Englishmen is to live in Bombay as they would live in London. Every one dresses in broadcloth of thin material, and the only visible difference in attire is that the sole topee, or pith hat, is commonly worn in the day time, though in the evening, and even in the morning, on occa. sions of ceremony, the tall black hat is de 'riguewr. 1 The climate is, for most part of the year, not so exces- sively hot as to make this adoption of European fashions intolerable. Even in the months of May and October, the hottest of the whole year, the heat is tempered by cool breezes; and the residents of Bombay think so little about the state of the thermometer that very few of them use in their offices or bed. rooms the punkahs which are indispensable to existence in other parts The Climate and Seasons. 1 Fashion has begun this year (1876) to show itself more sensible in this re upset, and the round hat, so commonly worn now in England, is at last tolerated at the Apollo Bunder. 10 DESCRIPTION 0!‘ THE CITY. 24,3 of the army ; several departments are permanently stationed there; and it can boast of the finest Governor’s palace in India, a council hall big enough for a parliament of Western India, instead of the dozen legislators who assemble in it three or four times ayear, and a climate during the rains which is as pleasant as that of an English summer. It is only therefore in the cold season that Bombay society can be seen to the best advantage. There are few amusements even then. During the year 1876, however, some energetic gentlemen have succeeded in establishing the Bombay Gymkhana, of which H. E. the Gov. ernor is patron and the Hon. Lyttelton H. Bayley president, and to which cricket, football, boating, polo, golf, and gun clubs are afliiliated. Through the exertions of Captain Marryatt RE. the Gymkhana obtained from Government the grant of a triangular piece of land on the Esplanade, pleasantly shaded with trees, and in a convenient situation near the Queen's Statue. On this ground a handsome pavilion, designed by Mr. John Adams of the P. W. De_ partment, and built under his superintendence, has been erected, at a cost of Rs. 19,000, raised by sub- scription, the Parsee knight, Sir Cowasjee Jehanghier, generously contributing Rs. 5,000 of this sum. In the pavilion are a badminton court and a refreshment bar. The rest of the Gymkhana ground is laid out as a skating rink and garden. The rink is much frequented by Bombay society, and, as it is open to public view on two sides, the skating affords as much gratification to crowds of amazed native lockers-0n as to the European performers. Officers of the military, naval, and civil services and members of the Byculla and Bombay clubs can be- come members without ballot. The committee are, moreover, empowered to extend the privileges of membership, free of entrance, donation and monthly subscription, to any visitor in Bombay whose stay does not exceed one month, should he remain in Bombay. The city can boast of a theatre in the Grant Road; but it is very seldom that any company plays there. Bombay has, in fact,outgrown Amusements in Bombay. The Gymkhana. 244' nscnmu’s cums r0 BOMBAY. amateur acting without attaining to the dignity of keeping a company of regular actors. Occasional concerts are given in the Town Hall ; the Governor and the Bycnlla Club each give a ball once a year ; and sometimes there are assemblies for dancing at one of the big houses on Malabar Hill. But formal dinners are the only kind of gaiety that Bombay goes steadi- ly in for. At these dinners it is necessary that everybody should be provided with a table of precedence to show exactly what degree of respect he is himself entitled to, and what he owes to the rest of the company, or he may find, before the evening is over, that he has made to himself several enemies for life. Nobody can be more punctilious about etiquette than the ordinary Bombay official, except perhaps the native chief who resents it as an unpardonahle insult if an English Governor hates so much as half an inch of the space he ought to advance along the carpet to receive His Highness. The hours for calling in Bombay are between 11 am. and 2 p.m., and, in the afternoon, from 4 to 5 o’clock. People generally breakfast at 9 or 9-30 a.m., take tiflin at 1-30 or 2p.m., and dine at 7-30 or 8 p.m. From about five in the evening till dinner time walking, driving, or riding is, for the European population, the order of the day, the favourite places of rendezvous being the bandsth on the Esplanade when the band plays, and, on other evenings, the Apollo Bunder, which is often, and especially on mail nights, inconveniently crowded with carriages. The ladies sit in their carriages, instead of getting out and walking, and gentle- men stroll about, paying their homage where they will. There are many excellent shops in Bombay, at one or other of which every article of merchandise, European and native, can be obtained. The principal European shops are situated in Rampart Row, Church Gate Street, Apollo Street, and Meadow Street. Ladies who do not object toa native crowd, and who know something of Hindustani, may make good bargains sometimes in the Cloth Bazaar, situated at Dinners. The Evening Drive. Shopping. DESCRIPTION or THE cm. 245 the entrance to the native town, near the Crawford Market. All kinds of calico can now be purchased as cheaply in Bombay as in England. An immense amount of business is done here, as else- where in India, by the travelling Borahs, who go round with their packs from house to house, and will sit in a verandah for hours together, unpacking their bales for the inspection of the ladies of the house—who are usually delighted to find such cheerful occupation during the hot midday hours—and, with marvellous patience, never uttering a word by way of com- plaint even if, after all their goods have been displayed, nothing is bought. Many of these men are wealthy, and have large stocks to trade with. Jewelry from Trichinopoly and Delhi, London, and Paris ; shawls from Cashmere and Umritsur, Rampore chudders, Dacca muslins, Cutch and Cashmere silver and gold work, silks and satins from China and Europe, all the stores of the milliners’, hosiers’, and haberdashers’ shops, Bombay workboxes, cornelians, agates, cur- buncles, pearls, rubies, and diamonds~the catalogue might be extended indefinitely without exhausting the list of the gOOds brought to the door in one day by a constant succession of indefatigable and often invaluable Borahs. One caution must be given to strangers; the Borah, as a rule, has no fixed price, but asks as much as he thinks it is safe to begin with, and then allows himself to be beaten down. Generally, he manages to get the best of the bargain in the long run ; but ladies some- times outwit him, and yet he never loses his temper. He is, as a rule, very partial to gambling, and will sometimes stake the whole amount of a good morning’s work on the toss of a rupee with his customer-double or quits. The pleasantest places to live at in Bombay are the Byoulla and Bombay Clubs, where a traveller may be sure of meeting people to talk to, and of not being obliged to go to sleep immediately after dinner for want of anything else to do. The Byculla. Club has a great prestige, but it situation is very much against it. It is now The Borahs. The Clubs. 246 MACLEAN'! sums To some“. nearly surrounded by mills and other buildings, and it gets the full benefit of the main drain along with the sea breeze. This club, originally a sporting club (it still borders on the race- course, and its broad balcony is used as the grand stand at the race meeting in February), now consists of several hundred members of the civil and military services, merchants, bankers, lawyers, and others. The admission is by ballot, the entrance fee being Rs. 300, with a monthly subscription of Rs. 6. The Club-house has sleeping- rooms for about forty members, and in addition a number of tents are usually pitched in the compound during the fine weather. Some of the rooms can only be occupied for a month, others, called ohambers,for two years. For the latter there is alwaysa strong demand, and the list of applicants is so numerous that sometimes a member has to wait a year for a vacancy. It is prudent, therefore, for members who propose taking on their abode at the Club to put down their names long beforehand. The expense of living for a resident member need not exceed Rs. 350 a month, without including cost of conveyance. Members of the Bengal and Madras Clubs are admitted honorary members of the Byeulla without ballot ; and a similar privilege is accorded by the clubs of Madras .and Bengal to members of the Byculla Club visiting those Presidencies. The Bombay Club consists, like the Byculla, of members of the wivil and military services, as well as non-official gentlemen ; but the last class greatly predominate. The entrance fee is Rs. 100, and the monthly subscription Rs. 6. Honorary members, who are not required to pay any entrance fee, can be admitted by the committee without a ballot. The club has lately moved into one of the new houses in Rampart Row near the Frere Fountain. The new Club-house is a very great improvement on the old building. The table is as good as that of the Byoulla, and there is no more con- venient place in Bombay for anyone to live at. There are a goodly number of hotels in Bombay. Watson’s and Pallonjee’s (the Adelphi at Byculla and the new hotel on the Esplanade) are the best. We may also mention Mrs. Taylor’s and the Waverley in Rampart Row, the Byculla, and Sargent’s Hotel at Breach Candy. Rs. 7 a day may be stated as the average charge at afirst- class hotel here. This does not include wine. Excellent break- Hotels. orscsirrxon or ran: cm. 2417 fasts, tifins, dinners and suppers, at moderate charges, are provided at the Refreshment Rooms on the Apollo Bunder, which are also much resorted to in the evening by the lovers of gossip and gin- slings. The cost of conveyance is one of the heaviest items of expenditure in Bombay, :1 one-horsed shigram being rarely obtain- able under Rs. 5 a day, and broughams, phaetons, &c., being charged for at the rate of Rs. 8, 10, and sometimes even Rs. 12 a day. Buggies, however, are cheap, and tramway fares very low ; and it is possible to do a good deal of walking in the Fort without exposing oneself too much in the sun. The Bombay Tramway was originally projected in 18641 by Messrs. Stearns and Kittredge, on the 'joint-stock principle, and articles of agreement between the Municipality and the grantees were duly entered into and executed in February 1865; but like many other schemes intended for the improvement of the city, that of the tram- way had to be shelved, owing to the financial difficulties which had overtaken Bombay. In October 1870 the proposal for a horse tram- way was revived by Messrs. Stearns Hobart d: 00., who ofiered to form a company with suificient capital to carry out the concession made to them in 1865, but as it appeared that that agreement had been entered into by the then Municipal Commissioners ultra, via-es, the whole question was submitted to the Bench of Justices ; a select committee of which body recommended that tramways should be laid down, and, if possible, by the Municipality. Messrs. Lawrence and Go. and one or two other persons entered the field as competitors, and ofiered to undertake the laying and working of the “tracks ;” but at a meeting of the Corporation, held inApri11872, it was decided to advertise for tenders in the local and London papers. Eventually, the tender of the original promoters of the scheme was accepted, and on the 6th March 1873 sanction was given to a contract with Messrs. Stearns and Kittredge, the principal conditions of which are that the agreement shall remain in force for twenty-one years from 12th March 1873, at the end of which period the Municipality will have the right of purchasing the whole concern, on paying the grantees the bona-fide value, plus compensation for good-will, and so forth', equal to twenty-one years’ purchase, calculated on the average profits of the previous thrl e years. For these valuable concessions the Company pay a rental of Rs. 8,000 per mile for double, and Rs. 2,000 for single tracks, and as at the present time there are (exclusive of sidings) 4% miles and 563 feet of double line, and 1} mile and 605 feet of single line, open for traflic, the yearly rent paid to the Bombay Tramway. 24.8 mcnnm’s cums T0 BOMBAY. ___j_.'; Municipality is Rs. 17,011. In addition to this, the Company, which consists of a few private individuals, most of whom reside, we believe, in New York, are bound to maintain and keepin repair, not only the space between the tracks, but eighteen inches beyond on either side thereof ; and in consideration of such payment and maintenance, the horses and cars are exempt from taxation. The principal stables are at Colaba, in which there are about 300 horses. Under their Act (I. of 1874) considerable powers a-revested in the Company, but the Municipal Commissioner has the right to regulate the rate of speed to be observed in travelling on the tramway, the distances at which cars shall follow one another, andsoon. The line starts from a point at Colaba near Grant’s Buildings, and runs along a double track to the Money School via Hornby Row and Cruickshank Road. It then proceeds by a single track along the Kalbadavie and Parell roads as far as Jail Road, and from thence by a double track along Parell Road to the Byculla Overbridge. From the corner of Cruickshank Road to the Arthur Crawford "Markets, the line is double, but from there the line passes through Syed Abdool Rahimon Street in a single line to Pydownee, where it joins the other line on the Parell Road. Where the line is single, there are “ turn-outs" or sidings to enable the cars to pass one another. The latest addition to the line is a double line of track from the corner of Cruikshank Road by way of Moody Bay (Rampart Row East) to Elphinstone Circle, and by Marine Street to the Wellington Fountain near the New Sailors’ Home. The nice distinctions of caste are not so closely observed by the ‘ lower classes in Bombay as in Bengal ; and Europeans are not therefore compelled to encumber themselves with amultitude of servants to attend to every separate detail of duty. Wages, on the other hand, are high. A bachelor can get on comfortably enough, if ‘he lives at an hotel or boarding-house, with a boy or body-servant to wait upon him, and a groom to look after his horse, if he keeps one. The cooks, butlers, and boys are recruited mainly among the Portuguese (native-born Indians of Portuguese descent‘, and their wages vary from about Rs. 12 to Rs. 20. Other menial servants are hired at proportionately lower rates. There are six deliveries in Bombay every day—at 8 A.M., 10 A.M., 11-30 A.M., 12-30 P.M., 2 P.M. and 5 PJ‘. The inland post goes out at 4-50 PM. ; for Bengal,N.W. Provinces, Punjab, Central Provinces, Malwa, Berar, Servants. Letters. DESCRIPTION or ran cm. 249 and for all post towns on the north-east line of the G. I. P. Railway ; for Poona, the Deccan, the Southern Mahratta Country, and the Madras Presidency, also for Ahmednugger and Seroor, at 1-20 P.M.; and for Scinde, Kattiawar, and Cutch at 7-30 P.M. ; for the south- eastern line, as far as Poona, 5-30 A.M. The overland mail for England is despatched every Monday evening at 7 o’clock, and closes at 5-30 o’clock for letters, and 3 RM. for newspapers and books. Late packets are received, on payment of extra postage, up till 6-30 P.M., at Apollo Bunder. Postage on inland letters not exceeding :} tolah 1} anna, 1 tolah 1 anna, 1% tolah 2 annas, 2 tolahs 2 annas ; on foreign letters not exceeding % ounce via Brindisi 6 annas, 1 ounce l2 annas ; via Southampton not exceeding i ounce 5 annas, 1 ounce 10 annas. (For Overland Parcel Post, see Part II. of the GUIDE, page 85.) There are two English daily papers published in Bombay, the Bombay Gazette and the Times 0 f India. Bombay is one of the chief markets of the East for Arab horses, supplies being obtained from the breeding districts of Turkish Arabia near the head of the Persian Gulf. Persians, Walers, and country. bred horses may also be found in the Bombay stables. The prices for riding horses range from about Rs. 300 to Rs. 1,000, and for carriage horses from Rs. 350 to Rs. 900. A large number of Austra- lians have been imported recently. English horses are rarely imported except for racing or breeding purposes; though now and then a wealthy native may be seen driving an English pair in his carriage. The current coin of India is the silver rupee, which is nearly equivalent in intrinsic, but not in ex- changeable value, to the English florin or two shillings. The rupee contains sixteen annas, and there are silver coins of eight annas (one shilling) and four annas (six pence) and two annas (three pence.) The copper coins are the anus. (twelve pies) or ltd" half anna (six pies or id), quarter anna (3 pies or $d.), half pice (1% pie,) and pie. The currency notes issued by the lndian Government are of the values of Rs. 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 500, 1,000, and Rs. 10,000. They circulate at par only in the respective currency circles into which India is divided. With certain restrictions they can be cashed at par Newspapers. Horses. Money. 250 MACLEAN’S euros TO sous“. at all the circles without reference to the particular circle to which they belong, the extent to which such encashment can be made being notified every day at the offices of issue. English sovereigns are always saleable at a premium in Bombay. The sportsman has ample opportunity of gratifying his love for shikar within easy distances of Bombay. Immediately the paddy (rice) is lowered after the monsoon, generally about the first week in November, snipe begin to make their appearance varying, of course with the season as to their numbers. The earliest grounds are Ingenie, Rewas, Lohapodder, and Bailpodder, and innumerable grounds all up the Panwell Creek ; later on, J hankekharry, several grounds near the Vitturney river, Bewadhunder, and a few good places on the right-hand side of the Nagotana river, past Dhurrumter. All these places are accessible by an ordinary bunder-boat, and bags of snipe from 15 up to 20 couples are constantly made ; and, in one notable instance, a bag of 63% couples by one sportsman has been accomplished. Later in the season, as the paddy fields dry up, and at nearly all the above places, the large grey quail can be found in numbers, 100 couple a day by one party of sportsmen being by no means an unusual bag. The black-breasted, or rain quail, so common in the Deccan, is seldom, if ever met with. A good day’s sport can be obtained in the hot season at the painted partridge (francolinus pictus) near Tannah and Powey, and in certain vicinities of the Vehar Lake, where they seem to delight in grassy plains and open country scattered over with low bushes, and in the season, Tannah is a locality not to be despised or forgotten by the sportsman bent on sniping, although the walking is far from pleasant, being through deep chickle, or black mud. During the cold weather, also, innumerable flights of duck and teal visit the shores on the opposite side of the harbour of Bombay, and fair bags are of frequent occurrence. Curlew are met with up all the creeks. Penn is also a good locality for partridges and hares. A ground little known to sportsmen, within five or six miles from the Narel station, easily reached by ponies which can be obtained there, would afiord the sportsman a good outing and enable him to make a mixed bag of duck, teal, snipe, hares and partridges. The gallinago 0100401“, or solitary snipe, is said to frequent thB swamps that surround the Harbour of Bombay ; but we know of only two reliable instances, and they were shot at difierent times by a sportsman of undoubted authority. He says that the bird i5 Sports . nsscamxou or was cm. 251 unmistakeable, and known at once by the monosyllabic “ bad, bad," uttered immediately it is disturbed. He, moreover, carefully took the Weights of each bird, and found their respective weights nine and nine and a half ounces; whereas an ordinary full snipe rarely if ever exceeds four ounces in weight. The pin tail snipe is also to be met with in large numbers during the snipe season, and, except to the experienced sportsman, usually mistaken for the full or common snipe gallimgo media. It can easily be distinguished from the common snipe by examining the tail feathers : the common or full snipe’s tail containing from twelve to fourteen feathers ; whereas the pin tail possesses in excess of those feathers, several smaller cnes on either side, making in the whole from twenty to twenty-two. The pin tail snipe has, moreover, darker bars or more defined stripes imder the wings. It is a mistaken idea to suppose, as it is by some, that the pin tail snipe is the male of the full snipe ; several specimens have recently been disected and found to be of both sexes. It is, therefore, believed to bea distinct breed. The jack snipe galiinago minima is common everywhere; also the painted snipe. Many varieties of duck and widgeon, as well as golden plover, sandpipers, redshanks or timbrells, and other sea birds, are fond at times in hundreds, feeding on the muddy flats inland from the sea, in the shallows, creeks, and sheltered reaches. By going about twelve hours’ journey as far as the Neriador Mehmoodabad stations on the B. B. and C. I. Railway some of the best districts in Gujerat may be reached, where, in addition to any quantities of wild fowl of all kinds, quail and partridge abound; and where also excellent sport may be had with the rifle at neelghai, antelope or galelle, all of which are very numerous throughout the plains of Guj erat. In the months of February, and early in March, excellent quail shooting can be had among the grain stubbles in the Ahmednuggur and Poona districts ; but later than this, although shooting of some kind or other may be pursued throughout the year, the weather ho- oomes too hot to render it either pleasant or prudent to continue it. Big game, as a rule, is little sought after—the Bombay sportsman being seldom able to devote so much as ten days or a fortnight for that purpose; but if he can do so, and is fortunate enough to possess I. good shikaree, there are many places worth visiting where mmbur, cheetul, baikree, hog, deer, or pisoorie, panthers, bears, bison, and even tigers are now and again met with, and brought to bag. Most of the jungles are full of Wild pig (dookar), and wild 'oats, oivet cats, and porcupines are frequently shot. It must be understood that these notes chiefly refer to Bombay 252 MACLEAN’s cums: TO BOMBAY. and its neighbourhood. In the mofussil or up-country, and especially in Sind, of course better and a far greater variety of shooting is to be had ; but the best information on these points may always be had by local enquiry wherever a, sportsman may happen for the moment to be travelling. A stranger in Bombay, and one who does not know the surround- ing shooting-grounds, would do well to provide himself with a. shikaree. They all know the various localities, and they are easily obtainable after the monsoon, when they leave their native countries for Bombay in quest of employment. Their pay is from Rs. 15 to Rs. 20 per month. VI.—NATIVE FESTIVALS HELD IN BOMBAY. Every intelligent Englishman has heard a great deal about the humours and peculiarities of Indian festivals. These have frequently formed the theme of missionaries and travellers, and as a rule the incidents attaching to them have not been permitted to lose any part of their extraordinary characteristics in the telling. The horrors of the Swinging Festival, the excitement and grief displayed by Mahomedans during the days of the Mohurrum or month of mourning, the gorgeousness of the Dewalee, sometimes known as the Feast of Lanterns, have each been compelled to do duty in stirring within the breasts of susceptible Englishmen a deep interest in India and her institutions. The traveller who comes to India now-a-days will be disappointed in many things. He need not, for instance, expect to see men suspended in the air by hooks stuck in their flesh ; women mounting the pyre to follow their husbands into eternity ; nor hundreds of unfortunate wretches submitting to be crushed to death under the wheels of Juggernaut’s car—these and kindred Hindoo institutions have been swept away under British rule, and happily are never likely to return. Occasionally from some remote part of India there comes a report of a suicide by suttee; but as a rule there is nothing now beyond the ordinary exertions of priests and holy beggars to stimulate the fervour either of Hindoos or Mahomedans. Perhaps the most exciting event, after the old style, of propitiating sanguinary deities by torturing the flesh Indian Festivals and. Customs. NATIVE FESTIVALS. 253 that is permitted by Government in this Presidency, is the penance performed by a fakeer on the banks of the river at Poona, who suspends himself over a slow fire and chants monotonous prayers to excite the pity and charity of passers-by ; but even in this case, there is nothing exceedingly horrible, for the holy man keeps his fire so low and himself so high that there is no reason to doubt that he will yet die a natural death. He used to draw crowds to see him, but lately he has ceased to attract so much attention, and the feeling of disappointment entertained by some ferociously disposed sight-seers was indicated a few days ago by a man saying the fire wasn’t half big enough and venturing to poke up the slumbering ashes with his walking stick ! Of course if the exhibition were apositively cruel one, Government would not permit it, notwithstanding that it is agreeable to a large number of good people who naturally consider that if there must be sacrifices for the sake of religion it is best to have them done vicariously ; and the present feeling of aversion entertained by the authorities to deeds of objectionable penance was exemplified one or two years ago, when a holy Hindoo mendicant perched himself, like another Simeon Stylites, upon the top of a pole in a large tank in Bombay. He intimated that he would never come down again, but the police compelled him to leave his perch, and an incident which a little more than half a century ago would probably have deeply wounded the religious susceptibilities of the people ended in being considered rather amusing than otherwise. . It is not to be supposed, however, that though many of the old festivals and customs of the country have lost much of their sanguinary character, they are not still full of interest to a stranger. Many of the spectacles which may be witnessed in Bombay are still sufficiently curious and picturesque to satisfy romantic temperaments and do credit to the stories about Oriental mag- nificence which the Arabian Nights and kindred works have been the means of circulating throughout the world. The beauty of a Bombay Dewalee, when native merchants count up their gains for the past year and resolve by lamps and prayers to propitiate in 254 MACLEAN’S GUIDE TO sons“. the coming year the favour of Lakshmi, the goddess of light and wealth, is still remarkable; the festival known to Englishmen as Cocoanut Day, when, in the belief that the rainy season is over, and trading craft may venture on the sea with safety, thousands of Hindoos, dressed in every hue of colour, troop down to the shores and throw their offerings of fruit and flowers to the waves that steal in upon the beach, is still sufficient to satisfy the enthusiasm of lovers of the strange and picturesque ; the days of the Mohurrum, when bands of Soonee Mahomedans carry through the streets tinselled imitations of tombs (called taboots) and other emblems of the death of Hoosain and Hassain, whose names are shrieked out by the excited people as they dance and leap along to the accompaniment of drums and shrill pipes, and when the sects of Mahomedans who regard the death of Hoosain and Hassain as a ' great calamity, instead of a subject of mirth, meet in their temples and beat their breasts until the blood spirts forth at every blow, and wail with grief as their priests read them the story of the assassination of the brothers“ these days of strange abandonment to mourning on one side and hilarious rejoic- ing on the other, are still full of a romance which few festivals in the world can approach. Bombay is peculiarly suited for pic. turesque displays. Sea and mountain, the former thickly studded with sail and mast, and the latter crowned with feathery palms that shoot aloft into the clear azure of an Indian summer’s day, form admirable adjuncts to gatherings of natives clad in the bright costumes that belong to Hindoos, Mahomedans, and Parsees. If, there- fore, the stranger who comes to this city is fortunate enough to see some of the principal festivals, he will have no reason to regret that the influence of British rule has swept away many of the licentioua and barbarous characteristics that used to accompany a great holi- day in this Presidency. The etymology of Dewalee is said to be Dipa (a lamp) and Ali (a row). Formerly, it used to be celebrated by human sacrifices to Bhowanee, the patron deity of the Thugs ; but latterly the goddess Dawn-lee Holidays. NATIVE FESTIVALS. 255 Lakshmee has become the principal deity worshipped during the fes- tival. The Dewalee generally lasts five days in November, and the natives employ this period in adjusting their accounts and cleaning their houses. We extract the following description of a Dewalee in Bombay from a notice which appeared in the Bombay Gazette some time ago :— The great Dewalee holidays commenced on Thursday ; they extended over Friday and Saturday ; but Sunday was the greatest of all. Many of the shops were shut, and those which were open seemed so less for the purpose of carrying on business than for receiving friends in them. Yesterday commenced the Hindoo new year, and it was natural that there should be congratulations and merry-makings on its eve. Travel round the city with us, and you shall see what you shall see. In the Fort there are a few holiday symptoms. You may mark the pretty appearance of crowds of little Parsee children, dressed picturesquely in all the colours of the rainbow—their trousers, it may be, of green, or yellow, or scarlet; their loose coats of mauve or blue; and their little caps of gold cloth, or curious and elaborate embroidered silk. You may see Old Fourjees himself, together perhaps with mama, sitting comfortably in chairs, looking at the gambols of their pro- geny with stolid satisfaction, or, it may be, receiving a speckled- hatted, blue silk-trousered, and white-frocked gentleman with volu- bility. But if you want to see more and greater symptoms of the Dewalee, you must go elsewhere. We cannot say let us “ take a walk down Fleet Street,” but not a bad substitute for the occasion will be found in Parsee Bazaar Street. Now we are in quite a diflerent atmosphere ; it is hot, and smells with the odours of lamps, ghee, perspiration, respiration and expiration. The shops are lit up on all sides (Dewalee is an equivalent to the Chinese “ Feast of Lanterns”) but there is as yet no striking stir. As you go further into the street, however, the signs of demenstration are more complete. In each of the stalls-i—which are lined with some paint of a gaudy colour, generally blue or red, and lighted up with dozens of lamps, which for the most part are covered with a yellow transparent gauze which difiuses a soft and pleasant light—there are clusters of Hindoos, sitting cross-legged, looln'ng exceptionally clean and respectable, with long rolls of books in their hands. They are talking excitedly. Those acquainted with Dewalee know that it is a custom of the natives to balance all their books on the last night of their year, in order that they may commence the morrow with square accounts; and this is What these cross-legged gentlemen are doing now, so that their 256 MACLEAN'S oumn ro sonmr. excitement is excusable. Go on further. The crowd that gathers round the horse’s head keeps your syce in a chronic state of combus- tion. The people are crowding and talking everywhere around. On this side is a stall, lighted up brilliantly, so crowded that the people are overflowing on the steps and clinging to the low verandah for support. There is a nautch going on. Had you not seen the clumsy fellows dancing, you would have known it to be something of that kind by the shrill pipes that give the music. You may remark that the harmony belongs to the period when “ Music, heavenly maid, was young”—very young—in fact, when she still was in arms and took to fits of screaming if she did not get her own way ; but it may surprise you to learn that these people consider that it is they who possess the art of Orpheus in greatest excellence, and not you. Some of them have been on the Continent and gained opportunities of comparison, and one well-known Parsee gentleman, at least, has made for himself somewhat of a name by his ludicrous imi- tations of basses, tenore, and soprani, and attempts at runs and other musical fioritura, distinctive of the new modern school. It is another example of the proverb about “' one man’s meat being another man’s poison,” and our forbearance with their music ought to be an exam- ple for forbearance in other matters. There are several ways of looking at a thing—~-~Uonfound it ; that bullock cart has nearly taken the wing ofi our carriage ! We must compel these fellows to look before them. You see where we are now. This on the left hand side is the Cloth Bazaar. Its arcades are splendidly lighted up. Along its facade there are strings of little cocoanut oil lamps, some of them coloured, and across one or two of the entrances there _is something like floral garlands. On all sides of you now the houses are illuminated nearly up to the eaves of the roofs. Each rail of the verandahs is made to look like a string of fire. In these exposed rooms up there you may see rows of coloured lamps hanging from the roofs, and under each of the windows a glittering glass ornament is suspended. In the rows of open stalls on the ground floors, which are filled with Parsees and natives, all shouting excitedly as they were in the stalls we have left behind, you find the pictures so plentiful that you cannot see an inch of the wall. Perhaps you wish to see the style of art patronised by the natives. Well, the pictures are mostly specimens of low German art. You see a flaunting beauty among them there with very high colour and roses in her hair, and a belt of gold, and seve- ral gold spots stuck about her person. There is a little very yellow-haired girl holding a kitten, which is also ornamented with gold spots. That next Parsee stall boasts a series of photographs- among them Sir Jamsetjee Jejeebhoy in several postures. Of all NATIVE FESTIVALS. 257 the pictures the best in taste is the “Departure of the Black Brunswicker,” which that little bare-legged fellow beside us is anxiously looking at, wondering what it is all about. Turning through the Cloth Bazaar, you see the merchants sitting afit'ectionately talking about pice together, and under the strong lamplight you may admire the Brussels carpets they sit upon, the Cashmere shawls that are hung up at their back, or the pieces of gold cloth which droop down the sides in front. The cot- ton-wallahs do not make much display ; they throw their small bales down beside them, and sit staring at the never-ending throng, waiting till heaven sends them fortune, in the shape of a customer whose faith in prices named is large, and whose purse is equal in depth to the length of the proboscis of Gunputhee. There il one enterprising carpet-seller beside you. He has not only illumined his little stall, but he has got stuck up behind him a perfect portrait gallery of native chiefs and princes, executed in the genuine Hindoo style of art. One chief carries a sword, and rides upon ahorso which has evidently just survived some terrible internal volcanic eruption, its body and neck being swollen into various stages of up- heaval, and its feet left curiously misshapen. Another chief has a head, you may presume by the presence of a hat, but the doubt is caused by his huge moustache. That must be Timour the Tartar, or a native conception of Napoleon. Coming out of the bazaar you have to fall in ina long Indian file of buggies and gharries, whose owners are out to see the fun of the fair. Before you drive into that inviting spot familiarly known as the Thieves’ Bazaar, you caste look behind you. The sight is grand. As you passed along, you were for the most part only conscious of two streams of light—one on each side. Now you see all the lights blending, as it were, in one mass ; the street from end to end seems in a blaze, casting a warm reflection on the moonless sky ; you see tier upon tier of lamps in all colours, streaming from verandahs and open windows, and suspended from doorways; upon the roofs of the tallest houses, little cocoanut butt/ies are spluttering; down beneath you more pretentious lights are throwing their steady con- tribution into the central glare. If you watch the myriads of people, some moving in a continual stream, and others standing, crossing, or re-erossing, like coloured threads in a shuttle, and if you observe the efiect that is produced, as this red turban passes under the rays of a green lamp, or that one of a paler shade passes under the fire of a file of closely-set lights, each of varying colours; and' if you listen to the buzz of the voices, the noise of the tom- tom, and the piercing notes of these Indian pipes; if you notice all this, and shut your eyes for a minute, you may comfortably imagine 17 258 lucrnn‘s GUIDE TO BOMBAY. yourself a spectator of the festivities attendant on the nuptials of Aladdin and his princess amid all the glories with which the “ Arabian Nights” endeavours to dazzle cold Western imaginations. But you cannot stay to shut your eyes. Such a thing in this crowd would be preposterous. See, this is now the Thieves’ Bazaar. The gentlemen of dexterous manipulation are evidently not without an idea of the beautiful. Now we are out of the Thieves’ Bazaar, and in the Marwarees’ Bazaar. The moneylenders come out strong with light and mirrors. \Ve come next into the Kalbadavie Road, but the illuminations here are very inferior. Many of the houses are of a miserable description, and the occupants of them do not look is if they were troubled with riches. Yet though the power to be brilliant may be absent, the will is present ; and here and there you see that Rama, the fruit-seller, has converted a part of his capital into a little cocoa-nut butti or two, which he sticks in front of his little commercial hole, while he him- self retires into a corner, beside his vegetables, crosses his thin brown legs, and stares at his illuminations with a satisfaction which would rival that of Nero looking at the “ mistress of the world” in flames. Near the Mombadavie Chowkie, one house stands out conspicuously by its brilliant illumina- tions. In front there is an archway, around which runs a pleasant device in gas. The trees in the garden are brought into outline with the subdued light of Chinese lanterns. The front of the house, six or seven stories high, is traversed with lines of lamps ; each window is thrown open, and you may see suspended from the roofs of the rooms rows of soft-hued lamps. Perhaps this is the most effective display of any single dwelling in Bombay. A little further on a Hindoo youngster, of six or seven, possessed of some fireworks, is anxious to have his little piece of excitement ; and you see he rushes out from the porch of that house, and throws a puny cracker before our horse, thinking probably he will frighten the sahibs ; and as the cracker feebly pufis its existence out, you see him run and hide himself as if he had succeeded in blowing off the gates of Luck- now. The young rascal ! He is so thin that it is all you can do to see him hiding behind the single rail that a rude fate has left on the verandah of his house, and doubtless he is shaking at the enormity of his audacity. Now we have left the last twinkle behind us, and are bowling along the Esplanade towards the Fort again, under the dark shadows of the trees. Is what you have seen at all like what you imagined after reading the affecting picture by the Rev. Mr. Chadband in the Blighted Hin doo’s Magazine P “ No,” you say, and no wonder. Everybody appears to be happy and contented. The Hindoo finds vent for his feelings in plenty of talking and rum: rssrmts. 259 the glare 'of lights, inartistically arranged ; but you cannot reasonably find anything else to find fault with. Therefore, you must confess a Hindoo holiday looks remarkably innocent after all, and not least among them, the holidays of the great Dewalee. The date of this festival varies, but it generally takes place about the end of August. The cere- mony of throwing ofierings to the sea sometimes takes place at Mody Bay, which is on the harbour side of the island, and sometimes on Back Bay—that lovely crescent of water which lies on the western side of the city, and between the slips of land known as Malabar Hill and Colaba. The following description of a Cocoanut Day in Bombay was written regarding the festival which took place at Back Bay on a Sunday in 1872 :— Coeoanut Day. On Sunday forenoon any person moving about the Fort or the native town could observe t at the people passing and re-passing him, in groups and singly, were more excited than usual, and that the dresses worn by them were not those of common days. Witness that little Hindoo girl, with jewels in her nose and rings in her ear, who can scarcely trot by the side of her father, because she is so heavily fettered by heavy silver bangles; and in the afternoon the hum of many voices rose from the shore at Back Bay and floated a long way off. It did not require many years’ residence in India to suggest that these were the symptoms of a native holiday, and as to what “ burra deen” it was, a consultation with the Calendar settled the matter, and showed that the festival of Narul Poonam was being enacted at our doors, and that we were at last in the midst of the Cocoanut Day, of which our servants have been talking for a month past, and to celebrate which rightly Bunnies and Bhattias have been determining to exercise alike their purse, their intelligence, and their ingenuity. As the sight is one of the great events of the year in Bombay. we lost no time in making our way to the head-quarters of the revels, and were fortunate enough to get a good coign of vantage in the vicinity of the Bay. And what a picture was there ! Pantomimists and gorgeous Oriental spectacle - makers at home, hide your heads ! There is nothing in your art like this. Your crowds, tricked out, eked out, to cover a stage and look a multitude, are laughable compared with the myriads that now swarm upon the sands and hide nearly every blade of green upon the Maidan ; your tinsel dresses, in gaudy colours, em- broidered with gilt and of eccentric cuts, to meet a vulgar idea of Eastern life, are miserable before this huge and ever-moving mass of 860 MACLEAN’S GUIDE TO sons“. colour—this living kaleidoscope of costume. And what is the buzz trained in the mouths of your performers to the gigantic hum raised without effort by the tens of thousands here P A child’s trumpet to aTitan band—the trickle of a rivulet to the sounding whirl of Niagara. Looking towards the sea, the time nearer five in the afternoon than four, agreat crowd of Hindoos is seen moving on the shore, the worm-eaten piles, relics of the share mania and the crash of Sixty-five, standing like giants supremely heedless of the Lilliputians swarming at their feet, and the sun making his rays form upon the water a. long path of shimmering light, which is broken every instant by the splash of a far-thrown offering to the deity supposed to rule the waves. On the Maiden and on the road running out to Malabar Hill, the sight is not less picturesque. No Derby course could be more crowded with vehicles and people. The ground on the Back Bay road cannot be seen, because itis covered with people who are streaming along in all the beauty of white clothes and red head-dresses ; the riding course is filled with Hindoos and Mussulmans who have performed their devotions and are watching others going to do likewise ; down Church Gate Street, and out of Marine Lines, there is a continual flow of carriages and pedestrians. Herepasses an old woman who can scarcely totter; here a man carrying a. child whose coat is embroidered with gold, and whose little round cap seems composed of one golden tissue; now, a. carriage, at the head of the horse of which the coachman has to walk because of the crowd that presses on its shoulders and haunches and can scarcely clear themselves from its feet, passes along filled with a. Hindoo and his jealously-guarded family, who peep out upon the scene through the venetian windows ;nowa band of long-cloaked Arabs, tannin-arm, move on with the crowd, joking and being joked, after the manner of an Oriental’s stately chaff, and these are followed by long-haired, dirty-look- ing men from the Punjab ; there goes a company of Parsee young men; there a lot of sturdy coolie women ; there an ashen-coloured, long. haired fakeer, carrying a huge stick ; and there is the typical fat and thriving Bunnia, leading by the hand a little girl, who is adorned with flowers and jewels. But the changes in the crowd are endless and could not be repeated. One thing noticeable is that nearly every native carries acocoanut and some flowers in one hand, and an umbrella in the other; and another matter worth attention is the noble background of buildings with which this animated picture is ornamented—the new Post Office, the Public Works Department, the National Bank of India, Watson’s Hotel, and all the other edifices which were praised by the newly-landed Viceroy, standing out with a conspicuously fine eifect. Speaking of umbrellas, what a NATIVE FESTIVALS. 261 change has suddenly come upon the scene ! While our backs were turned to the sea, a large black cloud had passed over the sun, blotted out the silver path, and settled above the crowd. Now it opens and sends down a deluge, and where is the great bouquet of colours that our eyes were delighted with a minute ago P Gone like the changes in a dream. Now there is nothing to be seen in front of us, or for a mile on either side, but spread umbrellas—a suddenly upgrown field of mushrooms 5 Yet there is interest in even this changed scene, for the umbrellas are of all shapes, sizes, and colours. Here are some poor fellows who have no umbrellas, but their ingenuity is equal to the vigour of the pitiless downpour, and by one taking off a part of his garments, while others hold up its corners, they suffer discomfort only about the feet. Here is a strange sight indeed. Two blind beggars, who were lying by the side of the road beating their breasts and asking charity in a monotonous voice in the name of Bhngwan, are lying there still, evidently caring nothing for the deluge that threatens to swamp them. But the cloud passes ofi, the silver path, now becoming golden, is restored, the variegated mushroom umbrellas disappear, and the crowd resumes its march down to the sea. True, the roads are slightly altered ; what part of them was ground into dust before by the feet of the multitude, has now become mud of a consistence so thin that as sandals splash through it, they bespatter the face and chests of the recumbent beggars who are pleading in thenalne of Bhug. wan as before. We leave our place of vantage and go down among the devotees. The sand is wet and more like mud than sand, but we are not to be deterred by the rivulets and pools left by the receded tide, and we plod, and stagger, and jump, till we are under the shadow of the monumental piles. We fix our eyes on some of the people who have, cocoanut and fruit in hand, splashed like us to the edge of the water, and we single out one and watch his operations. He slips out of his shoes, leaving them in the care of a coolie scant of clothing, who has a score of similar shoes (all covered with mud and of a shape half sandal and half ordinary shoe) ranged in a row before him. A Brahmin, with no clothing beyond loin-cloths, slips up to our friend, and after a short conversation, evidently of a com- mercial character, the two proceed a little way into the sea. There the Brahmin prays a prayer, the burden of which is that the monsoon being well over, God will be pleased to keep the sea quiet so that ships may move along it in safety. Our friend repeats the prayer, and then throws into the sea some holy water which the Brahmin has poured into the hollow of his hand from a lotah, then some red paint, also given by the Brahmin ; then the flowers, then some rice, and last of all the oocoanut—these 262 luctnn’s own]: To Bonmr. being, we suppose, the emblems of the produce of the land, and as such best fitted for presentation to the deity. The Brahmin then daubs his finger in a dish that looks like a rouge plate and makes a “ poojah mark” on his disciple’s brow, and the ceremony is at an end. According to his means our friend presents the Brahmin with a sum ranging from one pie to twenty-four, and if he be inclined to be more extravagant he may, for a small present in exchange, have a sacred thread, of which the Brahmin has a large bundle, tied round his wrist, and have the advice given to him that he will do well if he keeps that thread intact till the end of the Dewalee festival. He goes to the coolie and picks his shoes out from the rest, and then takes up his place in the homeward march in which many thousands have gone before him. We noticed that the cocoanuts, if they were not taken out from the sea again by careful worshippers, were scrambled for with much zeal by naked coolies, who sometimes swam out a little distance and there invited the devotees to throw in their offerings, and jut see how they would struggle for them. These coolies afterwards re-sold the nuts, which again were sold at a reduced rate to those who had no cocoanut of their own, and thus the ea deity was robbed of a. number of individual offerings. It seemed great hardihood to snatch an offering placed on the altar of a god and turn it into a market commodity, but as the Brahmins did not quarrel about it, but even assisted in the traflic, we suppose it was all right, and that the sea deity winked at these peculiarities. Beggars swarmed among the crowd, which seemed to be regarded as a fat fowl for plucking by priest and scamp. One girl followed us till we were tired of her pertinacity, although, had our tempers not been somewhat soured by the difliculty of getting to firm land again, we might have been led into generosity by her constant cries of, “ Sahib, sahib, give one pice ; sahib very good captain, give one pice; sahib one very fine gentleman, sahib one burra captain, he give pice.” We were not captains, but our feelings were titillated after the manner of the poor little Cockney who tendered double the proper amount of his fare to cabby be- cause, in reply to a question about the price of thejourney, that gentleman answered cunningly, “Ooh, I’ll lave it to yer honour, Kurnel.” We elbowed our way through the crowd which was gathered on the top of the railway embankment, and proceeded to Marine Lines, where a fair was being held for the amusement oft he worshippers. We were not tempted even by the sound of conch shells and an occasional tom-tom, to remain longer by the sea side, but we fain would have returned to see what was to be done with a black ram with gilded horns, and wreathed in flowers, which was NATIVE FESTIVALS. 263 being led to the sands by a. score or so of jubilant Hindoos. The fair was a curious enough sight in its way. Rings of people here and there watched the feats of wrestlers, and not less were the fencers patronised by spectators. These fencers are curious-looking. mortals. Little leather shields are buckled on to their arms, and they wield swords made, not of cold Damascus, but the less dangerous material of leather. They face each other at twenty yards distance, eyeing each other with assumed ferocity. Swinging their swords, they advance, in a style not unlike an awkward horse’s amble, going from side to side and drawing up their legs. When they meet they make feints and retire in the same high-stepping manner, and then go forward again and belabour each other with a vigour that would be serious to some of them were it not for the great dexterity they manifest in warding ofli blows with their little targets. The number of baskets of toys exhibited was very great ; and if toys are a guage of a nation’s civilisation, native-manufactured tin engines and steamboats, though coarse and daubed with paint, are favourable signs of India’s advancement, considering that when railways were introduced here the people worshipped the “ fire horses” as gods and devils. Ice-creams and soda-water seemed to be the strongest tipple on the ground, and as for eatables there was no end of sugarcane, roasted maize, pome- granates, hulwa, curry, and a compound of garlic and onions, which, as it was boiled on the ground, men blowing up the fires with hollow bamboo tubes, spread its smell far and near. Leaving the Marine Lines, we went to the Esplanade, where another strange sight pre- sented itself, the ground being crowded with swings, some double- tiered, and others not unlike Persian wheels, the weight of the people keeping the buckets perpendicular. The way in which these merry-go- rounds groaned and creaked made us have doubts about their safety, and we wondered whether anybody ever inspected these vehicles so that the chance of accidents occurring might be reduced. They were never at rest ; no sooner was one batch of fellows off the wooden elephants, tigers, or leopards (which do similar duty in Indian fes- tivals to that undertaken by wooden horses in fairs at home), than another brown-legged company was on, shouting “ chilao” to the keeper of the merry-go-rouud with all their might, making a pretty Babel when amalgamated with the other noises of the gathering. It was very amusing to see the enthusiasm and humour of some of the riders, some of whom flogged up their steeds with their oil-skin umbrellas, while one or two tender Orientals leaned over the necks of their wooden Rosinantes and gently rubbed their cheeks to encourage them. Perhaps the most comical sight in the fair was two fakeers, with long dirty brown hair, their faces and bodies and legs covered with ashes, holding on to their wooden elephants 264 MAanAN’s cums r0 BOMBAY. with the air of men who took their pleasures very sadly ; and every time that the machine turned and brought their barelegs and ghastly faces to view, another pair of fakeers, equally ugly, manifested signs that they wished it would stop and allow them to have their turn of enjoyment. These beggars must have done a good day’s work, or they would scarcely have ven- tured on such extravagance. The elephants, leopards, and horses were, by the way, of curious construction. Everybody knows how a native-drawn horse looks, and if our readers were just to take one of these and make the legs more like puddings, the bodies more like barrels, and the heads like small squares of wood with ears, they would have a true conception of the horses at the fair ; the elephants were just square blocks of wood, with four pegs stuck on for legs, and another peg, with a curl in it, stuck before and behind for trunk and tail respectively ; the leopards were blocks painted brown, and spotted, the fact that it was either a leopard or cheetah that was intended ,heing evidently meant to be conveyed through the spots alone. We give these particulars for those who may be curious about Hindoo art. But even a Hindoo festival and fair gets tiresome, and wending our way among the lanes of men and women who sat squatting on the ground selling their wares of food, fruit, or toys, and passing the booths from which many a Hindoo child bought its “ fairing,” we turned homewards while the hour was yet early enough to permit the sounds of the bells of the Cathedral and St. Andrew’s to mingle with the noises which we started with say- ing were characteristic of a heathen holiday. On the 27th August the following description of the eighth avatar. The Festival of the Eighth ship of Krishna appeared in the Incarnation oi Krishna. Bombay Gazette ;_ Yesterday was the day of celebration by the Hindoos of the eighth incarnation of Krishna, and the public oifices and a number of shops in the native town were closed. The story of this incarna. tion, which bears some slight likeness to King Herod’s attempt to massacre the innocents, or to the mythological tale of Saturn and the reason for his being so fond of his own children, is that Klaus, the king of Mathura, being told by a prophet that a child of his sister Devakee would kill him, resolved to murder all her children. Klaus accordingly killed six of her children ; the seventh was made away with by some divine interposition, but she had an eighth, however, who was no less than Krishna. ; and she saved his life by removing him to Gooul, where he was brought up under the care of mun rssrlnts. 265 a cowherd. Of course the due dramatic effect of the prophecy took place, and the god slew his wicked uncle. Krishna in this incarnation became a great admirer of the ladies, having as many as 16,000 wives ; but it must be remembered that in his previous avatarship in Oudh he scrupulously attached himself to but one " mistress of his soul.” Whether or not it be for the reason of his great admiration of women, especially milkmaids, that the Hindoos regard this incarnation as one of Krishna’s greatest, we are unable to say ; but undoubtedly they are very proud of him for his perform- ances in his eighth appearance on the terrestrial stage. Yester- day morning we were curious enough to visit a temple in an obscure part of the town for the purpose of observing the demeanour of some of Krishna’s votaries. The temple stood in a narrow stinking street in Dongree, and the face of a European there excited as much atten- tion among the inhabitants as it would in a mofussil village. A crowd of men, it seems, had attended in the temple all Sunday night (the night on which Krishna was supposed to be removed to Gocul) worshipping the image of the god and reciting the shastras. These were now dancing in the streets, some clinking cymbals, and several making a. noise with brassy drums. One man, supposed to be inspired, took a whip and laid about him in a very mis- cellaneous fashion ; if a, Hindoo jumped before him, clashing cymbals over his head, he was pretty certain to thong that excited worshipper, and then he was just as likely as not to turn round and lay the lash over the naked shoulders of somebody leaping behind him. None of the fellows who were lashed seemed to take the whipper’s attentions at all amiss; if anything, they appeared to like it ; but in truth the whip was not laid on very severely, and not a drop of blood could we notice spilt. We asked a native if the lash were always as gently used on the bodies of the devotees, and he replied, his faith in Krishna being evidently very large, that these dancing and shouting men would bleed very greatly, perhaps to death, from the effects of the whip ; but as the god had entered into them they felt no pain, and harm never ensued from the flagellation. After a. time the men joined hands, and danced sideways in s. line to other temples, one of the number holding up a tray bearing the image of Krishna, and then they came back to the old temple and danced and leaped and clanged the cymbal and beat the drum as before; after which they went to the sea-shore and there threw water at each other. Curd is the proper thing to use, but that costs money in Bombay, and the more economic substitute of water is used for both man and woman worshippers. Perhaps the poverty that necessitates the use of water is a blessing, for a number of the devotees that we saw looked dirty enough to require it more than 266 usersru’s cums 'ro noun“. curds. We are told that formerly the worship of Krishna during the midnight watches, and the subsequent lashing with whips, used to be common among Brahmins, Purbhoos, and other good castes, but that latterly the celebration of these ceremonies has been per- formed chiefly by the lower classes of the Hindoo population. Our own observations do not disagree with this statement, because the Hindoos who received their whipping so cheerfully before the temple in Dongree were evidently coolies and small craftsmen. This is the greatest festival in the Mahomedan calendar, and yearly it causes a certain amount of excitement in Bombay as well as throughout India, as the enthusiasm which the different sects of Mahomedans are wrought up to would willingly find vent ina breach of the peace if strong measures were not taken to keep it within bounds. Hossain and Hassan were the grand- sons of the prophet Mahomed, whose favourite daughter, Fatima, was their mother; Ali, the fourth, or, as the Sheeahs consider, the first Caliph, being their father. By one means or another the young men met violent deaths, and those sects oi. Mahomedans, such as Sheeahs and Khojahs, who believe that their father, Ali, whom they succeeded, was their first lawful leader after Mahomed, mourn their death during the period of the Mohurrum; while the Soonees, who hold a contrary belief, rejoice during the same period. Where, therefore, there are Sheeahs and Soonees in a community, it is perpetually liable to be torn by brawls during the Mohurrum. The towns in the north of Ireland, where Orange- 'men and Catholics hold extremely difierent views about the battle of Boyne Water, frequently furnish illustrations of the length to which religious enthusiasts can go in quarrelling; but the bitter- ness felt by the opposing sects of Mahomedans is much more intense than the most excited Irishmen of the present day would think of displaying, and the danger of serious disturbance is of course much greater in India, where there are thousands of Mahomedans for every faction fighter in Ireland. In Bombay the military and police have much hard work and anxiety during the Mohurrum, and in February 1874.- The Mohurrum. NATIVE rssrrvALs. 267 the serious riots, known as the Mussulman and Parsee Riots (which took place a short time before the Mohurrum), in the course Of which a crowd of Mahomedan roughs wrecked several Parsee temples and caused a considerable number of violent deaths, showed what an excitable festival the Mohurrum is, for the Government at first prohibited the usual processions, fearing that the Mahomedans would recommence the riots when under the excitement of their great religious festival. In March 1872, shortly after the assassination of Lord Mayo by a Mahomedan, the advent of the Mohurrum in Bombay caused considerable uneasiness, and the following account of what took place on the 20th March will not be found uninteresting :— Yesterday, the taboots were dipped in the sea, and the ill-will and religious frenzy of the two great sections of Mussulmans who mourn for or rejoice over the death of Hossain and Hassan must be bottled up for another-year. On this occasion there were serious apprehensions of a large disturbance; and that there has not,is due to the extraordinary pre- cautions taken by Mr. Souter and Mr. Vincent, the police officers. The number of taboots has not been so numerous as they were last year, but there has been no diminution of the hatred of the factions, which, curious as it may sound, seems to have found new fuel in the murder of the Viceroy. The Moguls (Sheeahs), we are told, said to the police of the taboot-followers—“ These are the men who killed your Viceroy. Shut your eyes for a moment, and we will drink their blood from the hollow of our hand and wash the place they stood upon.” It is very probable that the Viceroy’s death may be but the scapegoat for the hate that exists between the Mogul and the Memon (Soonee) people, but the expression we have quoted powerfully illustrates the depth of ill-feeling that runs between the factions. The parties sought every opportunity to meet each other hostilely. On Tuesday forenoon the compound of the Old Imambarra was filled with people who were best kept inside, for had they got out among the members of the opposite faction who were clustered near the gate, there would have been the usual entertainment of cracked heads and bloody noses. In the forenoon a party of Moguls did issue from somewhere near the Imambarra mosque and proceed to the quarters of the Memons, where they fell foul of the dancers and singers round two taboots, and smashed the taboots and the heads of those who were carrying them. The Memons were not as patient as lambs, and resisted the Moguls so determinedly that at one time the affair wore the appearance of a serious insurrection. Sticks played freely about the pates of those who probably wished their turbans had been thicker ; 268 MLCLEAN’S GUIDE TO BOMBAY. the yelling of expressions impolite and the names of the sacred brothers was ear-splitting ; and the excitement of the row, which was increased, as members of the factions gathered to the scene of action, sticks in hands and fists clenched, could scarcely find a suitable comparison outside of what is popularly imagined to be the scene at Donnybrook. New of what was being done soon reached the police, accompanied by rumours of hundreds of men being killed or wounded. A strong force of sepoys under European superintendence was marched quickly to the spot. The accession of the third party to the quarrel increased the “ bobbery” for a. minute or two—but only for that short time, because the taboot men, leaving their Mogul assailants and the remnants of their glittering treasures behind, gave way before one or two vigorous charges, and fled, leaving the wounded and about 200 prisoners in the hands of the representatives of the law. The captured rioters were marched to the police office and sentenced summarily to 14 days’ imprisonment ; the wounded had their injuries dressed first, and were sentenced afterwards. One dangerously-wounded fellow, with his collar-bone broken, was taken to the Jamsetjee Hospital. But no one was killed; which nobody regrets so much probably as those nice, quiet subjects of ours wha delight to embody their feelings in a knife or bludgeon. This disturbance quelled, the police took certain precautions to prevent repetitions. Two hundred men, under Inspectors Raymond, Fraser, and Collello,were drawn up along the line of Mahomed Ali Khan Street, so that the gate in the compound of the Old Imambarra 'was commanded, as well as the point from which the Memons could come up to revenge their taiboots being cast in the dust. At the New lmambarra, another force was stationed, and also one at the Jumat Khana- Reserves were appointed at convenient places—one party being posted at Pydhonee, one at the bottom of the Jail Road, one near the Jamsetjee Hospital, and another at Bengalpoora Street. Detachments of military patrolled the streets, and mounted police and sowars kept watch here and there, so that at one hour of the day the city looked like a. place under the terrors of martial law. The vigour with which the first disturbance was suppressed seemed to operate with a salutary efiect upon the Mohurrumites. The police had little to do at any of the stations, and at the New Imam- barra—a spot around which violence was expected to surge strongly —- things wore so placid a look, that there was nothing to be seen but the entry and issue of stoical devotees, and the police officers in charge sitting drowsin nodding as they passed. But in the evening, it was expected there would be quite another state of matters 5—wait, it was said, till the taboots are brought forth, till rum] nsrrnns. 269 the torches flame, the dancers scream, and the people have wrought themselves with excitement into the condition of men mad with liquor. Shortly after dusk the members of certain streets met, and after a great deal of shouting, set the taboots 0n the shoulders of a few honoured individuals, placed rows of dancers, musicians, and torch-bearers in front, and then turned into the big thoroughfares with a tail as long as the great sea serpent’s. As they moved along, they grew more excited, screaming “Ya Hossain, ya Hassan," with little intermission, taking each other round the neck and in. dulging in semi-drunken dances, whirling like dervishes, and step- ping about like young horses. Mr. Souter and Mr. Vincent were generally at the head of a procession, and bands of sepoys were always near at hand. In the Bhendy Bazaar, along which 10,000 people must have passed in the course of three hours, the coarse smoky flame of the torches, not only showed the crowns of their darling taboot, glittering with silver tinsel or red-and-blue enamel work, and rising as high as 20 feet in the shape of a mausoleum or a minaretted mosque, but also gleamed upon the weapons of the red- coated native infantry, who were drawn up along the roads in groups. In the compound of the Old Imambarra, a scene was presented that was a complete contrast with the hilarity and gesticulations of the taboot followers. Here the Sheeahs, who revere the memory of Ali and his sons, celebrate with mournful rites the death of Hoosain, who was killed at Kerbela by the troops of Moawiyah, the caliph of Damascus. A passion play is performed in which all the incidents of this tragedy are dramatically re- presented, from Hossain’s parting with his family, to his death. The place was so packed that it would have been an engi- neering feat to get room for one man more. A circle in the centre was staked off with ropes, and in it a band of half- naked men formed a ring, each grasping with the left hand the belt of his fellow, leaving the right hand free. At a signal they sang and shouted, and whenever the name of Hoosain was mentioned, they slapped their breasts with their palms. Inashort time their breasts became like raw flesh, and at every blow and every scream of “ Ya Hossain, ya Hassan,” the blood squirted out, while intense sorrow for the memory of Mahomed's grandson was manifested among the crowd. When the mock corpse representing the body of Hassan was brought forward on his led horse, the lamenting became louder, and even the little girls employed in representing the children of Hossain mourning for their father seemed over. come with real grief, beating themselves severely and crying and covering themselves with ashes. The whole affair was a wonderful sight, and indeed the scene in the Imambarra, when the 270: MACLEAN’: GUIDE TO BOMBAY. Khojahs meet to see a representation of the murdered Hossain and his mourning children, is something which, once witnessed, can never be forgotten. The howling and wailing of the people whilethe priest recites to them the story of the assassination are very impressive. It would scarcely be advisable to omit from this little work all notice of the curious ceremony which the Portuguese Catholics perform annually on Good Friday. The fol- lowing description (taken from the Bombay Gazette of the 2nd April 1872) of the scene presented at Bandora a few years ago, will give a. good idea of a ceremony which rivals the celebrated Passion plays enacted in some of the continental cities of Europe :— Some people here who have read descriptions of the Passion plays at Ammergau, and wished to see those seriously-acted caricatures of an event that might be supposed too solemn and profound for the 'mimicry of man, may not be aware that almost at the doors of Bern- bay scenes connected with representations of the Crucifixion are annually enacted which must be almost as extraordinary as those which have made the little Bavarian town famous. Bandora, per. haps we need scarcely say, is a native Christian settlement—that is, Roman Catholic Christian—and evidences of this are plentiful on the road between it and Bombay. After leaving the native town with its gods and temples, and coming into the Parell Road, on one side of which the eye may catch sight of an ugly red-bedaubed wooden image, stuck in a niche in the wall, before which some poor-looking 'wretches are laying their offerings and praying for favours, we come to a seemingly better state of things, for at the junction of palm-skirted lanes stone and wooden crosses are to be seen, instead of symbols of out-and-out heathendom. 1n the locality of the Mahim woods these wayside symbols of Christianity are numerous, but as Bandora is neared they become most plentiful. It may happen that around the steps of one, the top of which is crowned with a wreath of flowers, a number of Portuguese male and female devotees are clustered, while a few paces off Hindoos are look. ing on with that indifierent expression which seems to say, “ It’s all right ; we pray to Gunputti and they pray to that thing with the arms ; there is no difference between us ;” and it seems strange how little desirous of being aggressive the idolator is with a religion which exists side by side with his in his own land, and the symbols of which stand in the public ways. During Passion Week, Bandora and its neighbourhood wear an The Crucifixion Drama of the Portuguese Christians. NATIVE FESTIVALS. 271 appearance of unusual briskness. Many men and women, the former Wearing European clOthes, including the long hat, which is a sign of respectablity that no Portuguese who lays claim to being a decent family man would care to go without, and the women, pictur- esquely covered with clean white cotton garments, stream along the roads on their way to chapel, and we may remark that chapels seem to he more numerous in Bandora than any other part of the island. But it is on Good Friday that the greatest stir prevails—when, at certain hours, white-dressed women, with pleasant dark faces, may be seen making their way on to the main road from among the palm and betelnut trees ; when many crowded garries and shigrams of various degrees of antiquity, from the one with a small crack in its shining panels to the one which, covered with dust, contracted probably on the previous Good Friday, moves along wheezing and creaking on its old wheels, as if protesting ; when Portuguese lads, with hats and without hats, with cotton striped trousers and with trousers of a more fashionable European texture ; when Portuguese girls, in dresses of humble material, but out, perhaps clumsily, after the Western fashion of jacket and frock, and with straw hats on fire with poppies and Indian flowers—when all these proceed onward to the Chapel of St. Andrew or the convent to see the crucifixion of the Saviour. On the eve of Good Friday, in one chapel, a room is fitted up with a long table, at which thirteen figures are placed before plates of fruit. This is to represent the Last Supper, and one of the figures is plainly meant for Christ by the nimbus, while another is marked for Judas by the bag he holds. On the next morning Christ is crucified—in wax ; and some efforts at realism are made with red paint to represent the Saviour’s blood. In the compound of the Church of St. Andrew the scene on Friday afternoon was one of the most extraordinary that could be imagined. In front of the gable of the chapel was a large square erection about forty feet high, covered with black cloth ; two or three large crosses, standing here and there, had their steps - completely covered with people ; one side of the ground was filled by about 1,000 women, covered from top to toe with white, who were kneeling and gazing intently at the scaffold-like erection, their hands tightly clasped before them ; groups of men were walking about ; and one huge crowd stood in front of a rostrum in a corner from which a. priest was gesticulating and shouting so that he could be heard over all the compound by the vast assemblage. The anxious looks cast in the direction of the black house, the frequent references to it, by word and by finger, by the preacher, could leave no doubt that it was behind that black veil that the Saviour was hanging. The preaching continued for many hours, yet scarcely any alteration 272 museum’s cums: TO BOMBAY. could be noticed in the position of the women devotees, while the men, though privileged to walk hither and thither, stood reverently uncovered, listening to the priest’s exhortations. When the sun went down, the picture was weird in the extreme. Torches were carried among the crowd, and showed now the long ghastly-looking palms skirting the compound, now the women in dim white outline, here and there a priest moving among the people, now the arm of the preacher waving, and now the black house, which was evidently being lighted up within, for lights flickered through the seams, and at times even the outline of a figure with outstretched arms could be seen. At the gate of the compound, and looking over the walls, were groups of Hindoos and one or two Parsees. It was curious to notice how primitive many of the worshippers were in their habits. When they were in the compound, they were generally quiet and reverent-looking enough, but once outside, when the caps could be put on, they were laughing and joking and buying and selling. Close by one of the walls was a line of Hindoo sweetmeat-sellers, sitting cross-legged, with a little light by their side, and their tray of yellow and brown confections, nauseous to European palates, before them. Looking down upon the trays were old and young men and women, who, between giving an occasional ear to the priest and higgling with the sweet-meat seller, managed to strike a bargain which ended in a lump of the savoury mess being placed in their hands, while a few pice went into the pocket of the merchant. Many of these native Christians had children with them, and not once or twice had the priest to take his chance of being heard in company with a squaller of a year or two old. About eight o’clock the figure of Christ was unveiled. Then the excitement was intense, and the people’s feelings found vent in something like a loud moan. They seemed to look upon the daubs of red as real blood oozing over the heads of the nails or from under the crown of thorns ; and to regard the screwed up features as signs of real agony. Artistically, the imitation of the Saviour was not worth much ; but in the unveiling of it and the taking of it down, considerable dramatic skill was shown by the chief performers. About a quarter of a mile from St. Andrew’s Chapel a scene was being enacted in the convent quite as extraordinary as the one we have endeavoured to describe. Here there was another imitation of the Saviour bleeding upon the cross. The room in which it was hung was long and broad, and on entering it the first thing that struck one’s senses was a mixture of several things—of very loud music, intense heat, and a disagreeable smell like fish and perspira- tion blended. And no wonder The place was crowded—even the NATIVE I‘ESTIVLLB. 2'78 windows and doorways were surrounded with sighteeers or worship- pers. The central part between the rows of pillars was filled for the most part with nuns, dressed in long white robes, who knelt at benches and gazed steadily at the representation of the Saviour. Behind the nuns there was a large number of Portuguese, with here and there a European face. In what might be called the aisles the ground was covered with native Christians, also in white, who knelt or squatted upon the ground as they were induced by circumstances. Some had babies lying in front of them, and the mothers had a hard time of it between their desire to be devotional and their duty to the little pieces of brown humanity who kicked their legs in the air or insisted upon giving their sentiments upon things in general. At the back part of the right aisle a priest sat at a harmonium, and around him, and hanging over the balustrade of the flight of stairs behind him, he had his choir—all Portuguese lads with strong lungs and some little musical training. On the steps of the altar at the top of this aisle, a number of Hindoo boys, with their little top- knots of hair laid bare, because they had taken off their pugarees, sat cross-legged and half-naked, seeming to enjoy the sight. The place at the top of the nave was the point to which all eyes were turned. There hung a figure of Christ. A crown of thorns sat above a drooping chalky face with red marks on it, and the body was naked, with the exception that a rag was tied round the loins. On the outstretched arms of wax there were spots of red, as also upon the palms, which were pierced by nails ; on the body there were some more red marks; and on the feet, which were also nail-pierced, there were what appeared to be little clots of gore. On the image’s right-hand side stood a figure of the Virgin; which was draped in blue cloth; it had a gilt nimbus on its head, while its hands were clasped in front. The choir sung masses almost continuously, and beyond listening to these, the devotees seemed to have nothing to do but work themselves into a state of ecstacy by gazing at the painful figure on the cross. At eight o’clock, two priests, wearing cowls, walked up the centre of the'nave, rattled something, and went out again. Shortly afterwards they returned with a company of priests who carried among them two ladders and a bier, and were preceded by little dark boys, with wings to their backs, who were probably designed to represent oherubims. This company walked slowly, very slowly, and a pin could haVe been heard falling in the room. They stopped at the foot of the cross, and the choir sang out loudly for ten or twelve minutes. The ladders were placed slowly against the arms of the cross, and the choir sang again. Two priests crept up the ladders, and the choir once more performed. The priests slowly removed the crown of thorns, and slowly they pro- 18 274. HACLEAN’S sums: To BOMBAY. duced a white cloth, which they hung over the figure’s face. Blood was cleverly made to appear to stain the cloth, and the congregation were thrilled, while all the time the choir continued singing their melancholy mass. Then the priests slowly unrolled bandages, and took about a quarter of an hour before they seemed convinced that the wax arms were securely bound up. More cloths were produced, and finally the whole figure was bandaged after what appeared to be an hour’s careful manipula- tion. Then the image was lowered from the cross, very cautiously and slowly, and placed in the bier. After a little while the bier was placed upon the shoulders of priests, and the body was borne slowly out of church, while the choir sang and the congre- gation were intensely moved. Outside the convent red and blue lights were fired ofi, a procession was formed, and the body was carried through the villages, many of the native Christians pressing forward to touch the redstained winding sheet. The boys with the wings on their backs walked beside the bier—poor little fellows, sometimes they did not appear as if representing angels was their forte—and a number of priests, nuns, and thousands of people also accompanied the image of the body until it was taken back to the convent. We heard the remark made by a. gentleman that probably the ancestors of all the female native Christians were idolators, if they had not been so themselves, and that such scenes as we had just witnessed seemed to be designed as a compromise for any pleasure they may have lost in the worship of idols after the Hindoo manner of worship. We cannot say whether the remark was just. There are several other festivals to be witnessed in Bombay, but those we have described are the chief ones. The Holee festival, which used to be known as the time when men swung themselves in the air upon hooks in their flesh, is now only a coarse saturnalia, _ in which the Hindoos throw red paint on each other, and use the utmost freedom with women. The notorious ex-Gaekwar of Baroda was a great admirer of the Holee, and his subjects still remember how, upon one occasion, he collected a number of protitutes and fired red powder at them from small cannon mounted on ele- phants. One of the women was killed, but fortunately, such barbar- ous licentiousness is of rare occurrence. The Dusserah festival, which is generally held in October, is forced upon the attention of the Other Festivals. sxcmsxoxs non BOMBAY\ 275 stranger principally by the fact that most of the horses he meets are adorned with flowers and bedaubed with red paint. Owners of horses have them led to their doors on this day by their servants, and they are expected to “tip” the latter. In some cases, the gardener, or whoever it is that looks after the cows and poultry, leads his charges up in the same way, all adorned with flowers, and expects his bucksheesh ; and though he seldom succeeds in getting a present on behalf of the ludicrous-looking cocks and hens, he generally gets something for the sake of the cow. The festival in connection with Gunputtee, the elephant-headed god, is chiefly of a private descrip- tion, and is outwardly remarkable for little else than the sale of stucco images of that deity, elaborately painted. The festivals of the Parsees are chiefly private; the most conspicuous is their new year’s day, when every man who can afiord it, appears in a new pair of coloured silk trousers. VIL—EXCURSIONS FROM BOMBAY. No visitor will leave Bombay without taking a trip across the harbour to the island of Elephanta or Gharipuri (“ city of caves”), to see the celebrated caves hewn out of the solid rock. Steam launches can now he hired at the Apollo Bunder, and they make the run over to Elephants. in about an hour. It is pleasant enough to make the voyage in asailing boat with a_fair wind; but when the wind fails and the tide is unfavourable, a row back to Bombay some- times takes many hours, and is a very tedious affair. A small steamer can run alongside the pier which has been built at the landing-place, so that the old mode of going ashore, when men were carried through the shallow water for a couple of hundred yards on the backs, and ladies in chairs supported on the shoulders, of sure-footed coolies, is now superseded. A statue of an elephant, cut in black stone, used to stand near the old landing-place on the south side of the island, and gave the island its modern name; and near the elephant, 200 years ago, was the statue of ahorse. Both these figures are described by old travellers to have been admirable specimens of the statuary’s skill ; but nothing is left of either of them buta shapeless lump of rock into which the elephant had crumbled away, and which now lies in the Victoria Gardens, The Caves of Elephanta. I76 HACLEAN’S cums To some“. Bombay. After a good climb up some flights of stone steps out in the face of the hill, the visitor reaches a flat piece of groundin front of the entrance to the caves, from which a good view of the harbour can he obtained. Through the entrance hall or portico, composed of adouble row of pillars carved out of the rock, and lupporting an enormous squared mass of rock, he passes at once into the principal temple, which is “in the form of across, and exceedingly resembles the plan of an ancient basilica” (Hebe'r) ,- md as his eye grows accustomed to the gloom, he perceives the vast dimensions and magnificent design of this wonderful structure. “He heholds four rows of massive columns cut out of the solid rock, uniform in their order, and placed at regular distances, so as to form three grand avenues from the principal entrance to the colossal idol, which terminates the middle vista; 'the general effect being heightened by the blueness of the light, or rather gloom, peculiar to the situation. The columns at Elephants.” —which are also parts of the rock left standing by the architect—“ are of a singular shape, and in all respects differ from the beautiful orders of ancient Greece ; the shafts are massive in proportion to the height; the large capitals, swelling over the ornaments, giye the appearance of pressure by the superincumbent mountain ; a form appropriate to their function in this wonderful work” (Forbes) This great temple is 120 feet long, and the same inbreadth, without including the measurement of the chapels opening out of it on either side and the adjacent chambers. Of very many of the pillars, nothing is left but the capitals and part of the shafts, which “ remain suspended from the top like huge stalactites,” the bases having been undermined by the water which penetrates the cave during the rainy season, and which quickly decomposes the rock. The principal idol, too, and most of the other sculptured figures with which the walls of the temple are adorned, are in a very dilapidated condition. The figures are in has-relief, so prominent that they are joined to the rock only by the back ; and they are from ten to fourteen feet high, while the grand three-faced bust of the deity at the extremity of the chapel measures nineteen feet in height. It is generally IXCUBSIONS FROM BOMBAY. admitted now that the old theory which accepted this idol as a representation of the Trimurti or Hindoo Trinity, Brahma, Vish- noo, and Siva, is erroneous. Heher pointed out fifty years ago that the temple was really dedicated to the worship of Siva alone, or Mahadeva, the popular deity of the Mahrattas, who is some- times represented with three faces, and this opinion has been con- firmed by more recent researches. “ The style or ornament, and proportions of the pillars, the dress of the figures, and all the other circumstances of the place, are such as may be seen at this day in every temple of Central India, and among all those Indian nations where the fashions of the Mussulmans have made but slight pro. gress" (Heber). The statue of a woman with but a single breast, _ the “ Amazon,” as Niebuhr calls her, is also now identified as the goddess Doorga or Parvatee, the wife of Siva. On the right side of the temple is a chapel, twenty-two feet square, advanced into the body of the cave ; and in this room is the bingo, the emblem of the reproductive power of nature, which is always associated with the worship of Siva. This tinge is generally marked with fresh paint, as is the gem? near it, and flowers are offered by native pilgrims. The caves, however, are not held in much reverence by the natives generally. The Mahrattas neglected Elephants. altogether, after they re-took it from the Portuguese in 1737, and never treated it as a place of sanctity. Indeed, the modern Hindoo religion seems to have completely lost that element of sublime mystery and awful grandeur which must have inspired the men who designed and executed sucha temple as that of Elephanta. There is nothing awe-inspiring in Hindooism now; all is grotesque, filthy, and contemptible, and the worshippers have forgotten all about the mighty gods whom their forefathers adored. Yet the antiquity of the Elephanta Caves is not very great. Their origin is not supposed to date further back than the 10th century 3 though nothing accurate is known about their history, the inscribed stone which was placed at the entrance with a legend describing when and by whom the caves were excavated having, it is said, been carried off to Lisbon by the Portuguese. We heard by 278 MACLEAN’B GUIDE TO BOMBAY. accident lately of an inscribed stone from India existing at Ciutra in Portugal; and it might be worth while to ascertain if this is the Elephants. stone. Full accounts of the caves have lately been published in Bombay by Dr. Wilson and Mr. Burgess. On the oc- casion of the visit of the Prince of Wales, the Governor of Bombay gave a dinner to His Royal Highness and a numerous company in the principal cave, which was brilliantly illuminated ; and, after dinner, the features of the principal groups of statuary were shown to the Prince in the glare of blue-lights. The eEEect was, in point of art, a failure, as the caves looked more vulgar and common-place than usual. Beyond Elephanta to the north extends what may be called the inner harbour of Bombay, a secure and sheltered roadstead with deep enough water for the largest ships of war. At the back of the roadstead is Hog Island, and the idea finds favour of trans- ferring to this side the comparatively useless Dockyard establish- ment of Bombay, and using the valuable ground of the Dockyard for other purposes. If the hydraulic lift erected here is to be used, it certainly ought not to be kept separated by six miles of water from the establishment required for repairing ships. The object of the large machine which has been erected on Hog Island was to raise vessels thereon— and especially the Indian troop ships —for making repairs. The lift is con- structed to raise 25,000 tons ; it was brought out from England and erected where it now stands, by the contractors, Messrs. Emerson and Company. On the 16th September 1872 arrangements were made for opening the lift and for raising the ironclad ship Magdala on the occasion, but at the last moment the responsible members of Government shirked the risk unless the contractors would guarantee that the Magdala should sustain no damage. This the contractors refused to do, but the strength of the lift was tested by sinking the gigantic pontoon some 32 feet, and then raising it easily, though it contained three or four times the weight of the Magdala. It was evident that the Magdala could have been raised with the greatest The Hydraulic Lift Dock at Hog Island. EXCURSIONS FROM BOMBAY. ease. The lift, however, has been useless, chiefly because of its distance from the Dockyard and the anchorage of the ships in the harbour. The cost of the lift was £350,000 ; and in the year 1872 it was made over to the Government of Bombay, and Lieut. Brebner was placed in charge of it—an office he still retains. One of the pleasantest excursions that can be made from Bombay is to the Vehar Lake, in the Island of Salsette, about fifteen miles from Bombay. Picnic parties can hire omnibuses or wagonnettes for the trip. The lake is an artificial reservoir, formed to provide the town of Bombay, which used to be wholly dependent for its drink- ing water on the wells in the island, with a constant and ample supply of pure water. In 1853 it was fortunately determined by the Board of Conservancy of Bombay to adopt a proposal made by Lieutenant-Colonel Crawford, B. E., and Lieutenant (now Colonel) De Lisle, R. E., to dam up the valley of the Gopur River—which ran into the Sion creek, and two centuries ago sometimes overflowed the northern part of the island of Bombay—mear the sources of the river amongst the hills of Salsette. This project was carried into execution by Mr. Conybeare, C. E., and the dams were completed and the delivery of water into the town commenced in 1860. The lake covers an area of about 1,400 acres, and has a gathering ground, exclusive of the area of the water surface, of about 2,550 acres. It is formed by three dams, two of which were rendered necessary to prevent the water escaping over ridges on the margin of the basin, which were lower in level than the top of the main dam. The quantity of water supplied yearly by the reservoir is about 8,000,000 gallonsa day, or between twelve and thirteen gallons a head for the population of Bombay. It is forbidden to carry on any trade, manu. facture, or agriculture within the watershed of the lake, and the wildness of the surrounding country keeps the water free from risk of any contamination from outside. For many years the water was praised as “ exceedingly pure,” but of late years it has deteriorated through the growth of vegetation within the lake. Vehar Lake. 280 IACLEAN’S GUIDE TO BOMBAY. There are at present no means either of emptying the reservoir and cleaning it out, or of filtering the water, but the Municipality has various schemes under consideration for improving the quality of the water supply. The cost of construction of the Vehar Reservoir and laying down the pipes to bring the water into the town amounted to £373,650. In 1872, some alarm having been felt as to the sufiiciency of the quantity of water drawn from the gathering ground of Vehar, the Toolsee Lake, adjoin- ing it, was formed at a cost of £40,000, and the water thus impounded kept available to be thrown into Vehar. A new project has been this year (1875) sanctioned by the Munici- pality, for bringing an independent main from Toolsee to the top of Malabar Hill at a cost of £400,000. This alternative source of supply will give six gallons a head additional each day for the whole population, besides providing water for the higher parts of Bombay, which cannot be reached by the main from Vehar. The Kennery Caves are excavated in one of the highest hills of Salsette, between Vehar and Tanna, and it is possible to visit both the lake and the caves in one day, though the road to the latter is not practicable for horses further than the base of the hill, and there is a good deal of scrambling to be done in getting up the ascent. The caves are undoubtedly much more ancient, besides forming a work of far greater magnitude than those of Elephanta, which Heber speaks of as “ a mere trifle in point of extent, when com- pared with the great salt-mine at Norwich.” The whole hill is here excavated into a city of caves, some of which pene- trate so deeply into the interior of the mountain that they have never been thoroughly explored. There is a tradition that an underground passage leads from the caves to Damaun, and a courageous Portuguese explorer, trying to test‘the truth of this story, entered the cavern and groped his way along, holding on to a rope of which his companions held the other end, for seven hours, till the rope and his heart failed him, and he came back again. Heber's description of the cave temples of The Kennery Caves. rxconsious mom roman. 281 Kennery is at once accurate and agreeably written. He says:— “ These are, certainly, in every way remarkable from their num- ber, their beautiful situation, their elaborate carving, and their marked connexion with Buddha and his religion. The caves are scattered over two sides of ahigh rocky hill, at many different elevations, and of various sizes and forms. Most of them appear to have been places of habitation for monks and hermits. One very beautiful apartment of a square form, its walls covered with sculpture, and surrounded internally by a broad stone bench, is called ‘ the durbar,’ but I should rather guess had been a school. Many have deep and well-carved cisterns attached to them, which, even in this dry season, were well supplied with water. The largest and most remarkable of all is a Buddhist temple, of great beauty and majesty, and which even in its present state would make a very stately and convenient place of Christian worship. It is entered through a fine and lofty portico, having on its front, but a little to the left-hand, a high detached octagonal pillar, surmounted by three lions seated back to back. On the east side of the portico isacolossal statue of Buddha,with his hands raised in the attitute of benediction, and the screen which separates the vestibule from the temple is covered, imme. diately above the dodo, with a row of male and female figures, nearly naked, but not indecent, and carved with considerable spirit, which apparently represent dancers. In the centre is a large door, and, above it, three windows contained in a semicircular arch, so like those which are seen over the entrance of Italian churches, that I fully suppose them to be an addition to the original plan by the Portuguese, who are said, I know not on what ground, to have used this cave as a church, till I found a similar and still more striking window of the same kind in the great cave of Carlee. Within, the apartment is, I should conceive, fifty feet long by twenty, an oblong square terminated by a semicircle, and surrounded on every side, but that of the entrance, with a colonnade of octagonal pillars. Of these the twelve on each side nearest the entrance are ornamented with carved bases and capitals, in the style usual in Indian temples. 282 MACLEAN'S sums r0 sons“. The rest are unfinished. In the centre of the semicircle, and with a free walk all round it, is a mass of rock left solid, but carved externally like a dome, and so as to bear a strong general likeness to our Saviour’s sepulchre, as it is now ehiselled away and enclosed in St. Helena’s Church at Jeru- salem. On the top of the dome is a sort of spreading orna- ment like the capital of a column. It is, apparently, intended to support something, and I was afterwards told at Carlee, where such an ornament, but of greater size, is also found, that alarge gilt umbrella used to spring from it. This solid dome appears to be the usual symbol of Buddhist adoration, and, with its umbrella ornament, may be traced in the Shoo-madoo of Pegu, and other more remote structures of the same faith. Though it is diiferent in its form and style of ornament from the lingam, I cannot help thinking it has been originally intended to represent the same popular object of that almost universal idolatry which Scripture, with good reason, describes as ‘uncleanness and abomination. The ceiling of this cave is arched semicircularly, and orna- mented, in a very singular manner, with slender ribs of teak wood of the same curve with the roof, and disposed of as if they were supporting it, which, however, it does not require, nor are they strong enough to answer the purpose. Their use may have been to hang lamps or flowers from in solemn rejoicings. My companions in this visit, who showed themselves a little jealous of the antiquity of these remains, and of my inclination to detract from it, would have had me suppose that these two were additions by the Portuguese. But there are similar ribs at Carlee where the Portuguese never were. They cannot be very old, and though they certainly may have been added or renewed since the building was first constructed, they must, at all events, refer to a time when it and the forms of its worship were held in honour. The question will remain, how late or how early the Buddhists ceased to be rich and powerful in Western India ? or when, if ever, the followers of the Brahminical creed were likely to pay honour to Buddhist symbols of the Deity P The latter question is at variance with all usual opinions ricossrous rson sonnu. 288 as to the difierence between these sects and the animosity which has ever prevailed betwixt them. But I have been very forcibly struck by the apparent identity of the Buddhist chattah and the Brahmi- nical lingam. The very name of the great temple of Ava, ‘ Shoo Madoo,’ ‘Golden Maha-Deo,’ seems to imply a greater approxima- tion than is generally supposed, and above all, a few weeks after- wards, I found the cave of Carlee in the keeping of Brahmins, and honoured by them as a temple of Maha~Deo.” Heber notices with surprise the uncultivated state and scanty population of Salsette fifty years ago, when the island had only 50,000 inhabitants, chiefly poor fishermen. The neighbourhood of Bombay has since caused a great change. The population has been doubled, being now 93,000 or 570 to the square mile, and no land that will bear crops of any kind is allowed to lie waste. Many trips may be made on the water to points on the coast near Bombay; but none to equal in beauty the sail round by Tsnna to Bassein. A moon-light night should be chosen for the excursion. Bassein is not worth seeing for itself, except that the utter desolation of what was once a flourishing Christian city is impressiVe.‘ Some of the ruined churches must have been of great size, but “ in a paltry style enough, of Grecian mixed with Gothic.” Is “ Venetian. Gothic” a similar style ? There is one tomb dated 1606. It is the scenery on the way to Bassein that makes the pleasure of the trip, the sea winding in and out amongst numerous and lofty islands for many miles. There is, indeed, no lake and river scenery in the world to beat the choicer bits about Bombay. To vary the journey, the excursionist may return to Bombay from Bassein by railway. The most comfortable way of visiting these famous Buddhist caves from Bombay is to proceed by the forenoon mail train, which generally leaves about 9 o’clock (for hour of departures see G. I. P. time. Bassein. Carlee Caves. 1 For account of the siege and destruction of Bassein, see page 23. Messrs. Thacker, Vining It Co. have recently published a yery learned and elaborate work by Dr. Da Cunha on the History and Antiquities of Chaul and Bassem. 284 IACLIAN’B GUIDE TO BOMBAY. tables) to Lanowlee on the top of the Bhore Ghat. The journey up the Ghat forms in itself a very interesting part of the excursion. On passing Khandalla, leave a civil note for the station -master, asking him to send up a pony to Lanowlee by5 o’clock next morning. Dine and pass the night at Lanowlee waiting-room. At daybreak ride up the Poona road for about three miles, and turn 0E to the left at a path to which the ghorawalla oraguide should previously have been sent to show the way to the Karla or Karlee Hill, about a mile off the road. The traveller can then return to Lanowlee or Khandalla, and breakfast and return to Bombay by a train leaving about noon. The cave is the largest, as well as the most complete, hitherto discovered in India, and was excavated at a time when the style was in its greatest purity (Fergusson’s Hand-Book of Architectwre). It is supposed to be about the era of Salivahana, or A.D. 78. Itis hewn in the face of aprecipice, about two-thirds up the side of a hill, which rises 800 feet above the plain, and is approached by a narrow path among trees and brushwood. An insignificant temple of Siva serves as a sort of gateway. The entrance portico (following Fergusson’s and Heber’s descriptions) is 52 feet wide, and rests on four columns, two of which are set in the walls. In front of it, on one side, stands a Mon pitta/r, so called from having four lions fixed back to back in its capital ; the site of the fellow pillar, on the other side, ap- pears to be occupied by a small temple. The doorway under the portico is throughasoreen, above which risesa rather imposing arch. The inside of the screen is carved with naked male and female figures, larger than life. Three colossal elephants are also seen in relief, their heads looking outwards, and boldly projecting from the wall. The temple is something like an oblong church, with anave and side aisles. It is 126 feet long by 45* feet broad, and has a circular apse behind the shrine. The roof is circular, resting on 41 pillars, each of those in the aisles having a “ tall base, an octagonal shaft, and richly moulded capital, on which kneel two elephants, each bearing two figures, generally aman and a woman, _but sometimes two females, all much better execut. EXCURSIONB non Bonn. 285 ed than such ornaments usually are.”—(Fe'rgusson.) The pillars behind the shrine are plain. This shrine is a dome on a circular drum, surmounted by the remains ofa wooden chattar or umbrella. The only light which is admitted within the building falls on this object, with great efiect. Some of the wooden ribs used in constructing the roof are still left. The interior is species and in good repair. Besides the principal temple there are many smaller apartments or cells, evidently intended for the lodging of priests or hermits, some ornamented with great beauty. Alto- gether, it would, says Heber, forma very noble temple for any religion. We quote the following account of Mahableshwur and Mathemn, and the routes thereto, from the Indium, Traveller’s Guide, published at the Bombay Gazette Ofiice :— G. I. P. Railway to Poona, 119 miles (Rs. 14-4). Thence by phaeton or pony to Mahableshwur. Mahableshwur is the fashionable retreat for the residents of Bombay in the “ hot weather,” the oppres- sive period before the advent of the south-west monsoon cools the atmosphere. It is also much frequented in the hot month of October, and is habitable and inhabited in all but the south-west monsoon months. From Bombay the visitor proceeds to Poona by rail, and then proceeds by an excellent road. The road goes via the Katraj Ghat and tunnel to Sherwal, thence to the Kamatki Ghat ; after passing which a few miles the route leaves the Sattara road at Soorool, and branches ofi to Wai, on the Krishna river; from thence it ascends the Passernee Ghat to Panchgunny, asmall hill station, or rather colony, which is 10 miles from Mahableshwur. The whole distance by this route is about 741 miles from Poona to Mahableshwur. The road by the Katraj and Kamatki Ghats is amost excellent one, and the road from Soorool by the Passernee Ghat is also in very good order. There are travellers’ bungalows at Sherwal, Wai, and Panchgunny, and an enterprising messman has put up a temporary building midway at Soorool, where the road branches 0E. Carriages can be driven Mahableshw'ur. 286 IACLEAN'S GUIDE TO BOMBAY. up the Passernee Ghat, but as it is somewhat long, it is advisable to employ ten or a dozen coolies to assist the horses, or to hire bullocks at Wai. Before these new roads were opened, it was the fashion to travel almost wholly by palkee, but this very expensive mode of transit is now rendered unnecessary to a very great extent, and many visitors to the hills now drive the whole way in their own con- veyances. we may mention that the municipality of Mahableshwur levy a tax on horses and carriages from visitors. Phaetons and tongas may be hired in Poona. Palkees from Wai or Sherwal may be had by a requisition on the Station Dak Manager at Mahableshwur by giving a few days’ notice. The rates are— Rs. As. From Sherwal - - - - - - ~ - - - - 37 12 ,, Wai- - - - - ~ - - - - - - 18 14 ,, Panchgunny - - - - - - - - - - IO 12 Saddle tattoos are also procurable from the same source, the rates being respectively Rs. 18, Rs. 7, and Rs. 3. A tonga costs Rs. 26, inclusive of tolls, from Poona to Mahableshwur. There is now a small hotel open at Mahableshwur, and a travellers’ bungalow con- taining four rooms, and a resident messman, whose charges are very moderate and viands good. The Sanitarium, which stands at an elevation of 4,500 feet above the sea, the highest sum- mit being 4,700 feet, is open for sick oflicers, and, if not filled by them (which is usually the case), is available for other oflicers who do not care to take a house to themselves. There are also two detached bungalows, which are let to married subalterns or others at less than half the usual house-rent demanded for houses of their size and situation. Living is very moderate on the hills. The mutton is, like the Exmoor or Dartmoor mutton, celebrated for its goodness : it is sold at the rate of from 4 lbs. to 6 lbs. the rupee, and beef at 8 lbs. per rupee. The Mahableshwur potatoes are the best grown in India, and are sold at Rs. 1-8 or Rs. 2 per maund. Other vegetables are easily procurable. Strawberries are in great plenty in the hot season, and are sold at the rate of 16 or 20 dozens per rupee. Visitors from Poona and other stations within a reason- able distance are advised to take with them their buffaloes or cows, if they possess any, as good milk is somewhat dear and diificult to procure. On the 29th March 1875, regular steam communication under arrangements with Government was opened between Bombay and Dasgaum, 5 miles below Mhar, on the Savitri river, and 35 miles only from Mahableshwur by the old route. New Route to Mahableshwur. nxcuusrorzs mom noman. 287 The new ghat from Mahableshwur to Poladpore on the same route, has been opened for palkees and tattoos, and for tongas. By this new ghat road, which is throughout of a. very easy gradient, cart communication has been opened for the first time in a direct line from Sattara, by Mahableshwur, to the coast. Leaving Poladpore, the line goes by the old Kineshwur roada about 5% miles, and then branches to the left, ascending gradually round the western and northern shoulders of Pertabghur to the pretty station of Warra, on the first plateau below the hills. Thence the road winds round the valleys between Sydney and Bombay Points, and passing right under Bombay Point, ascends easily again from the east of it into the-Bombay Point Road by the “ Terraces” (Mr. Geo. Taylor’s house). The distances and stages are as follow :— Dasgaurn to Poladpore - - - - - - ~ 18 miles. Poladpore to Warm - - - - - - . 16 “ Wan-a to Mahableshwur - - . - . . 12 n _. Total. 46miles. Those who choose to ride up the old ghat from Kineshwur, or travel up the old ghats, will save 10 to 11 miles, but will find the old ghat at Ruttunda in avery bad state, as it is now abandoned. The Parr Travellers’ Bungalow has also been closed. There is an excellent dhurmsalla at Dasgaum within three minutes’ walk of the steamer anchorage. Extra and roomy accommodation of atemporary character is being erected by the Collector, adjoining the dhurmsalla. There will be all the usual travellers’ furniture and accommodation, anda good messman and cook. At Poladpore there is an excellent travellers’ bungalow with furniture, messman, &c. At Warra there is a very pretty and newly-built travellers’ bungalow with every convenience. During this season the steamer will leave Bombay early in the morning, and touching oif Alibaugh, Rewdunda, Imgeem, and Shreeverdhun, will run up the Savitri river from Bancote to Dasgaum by7 P.M. A more picturesque and enjoyable steam trip can hardly be imagined. The same steamer will leave at daylight on the following morning, 288 uxcmss’s cums r0 sous“. returning to Bombay the same evening by the same route. The road on either side of Poladpore is in indifferent order, though regularly used by carts, and quite passable for tongas. (The route is stopped for the monsoon from June to August.) By G. I. P. Railway to Narel, 53 miles, Rs. 5. Thence to Matheran by palkee or pony. It is a hill sanitarinm, 2,460 feet above the level of the sea, within four hours of Bombay by rail. Visit- ors should take tickets to Narel Station on the G. I. P. Railway, at which there are generally a number of ponies waiting to carry people up the hill. To make sure of having a pony, palkee, or tonjon, to take one up the bill, it is only necessary to write to the office of the Superintendent asking that one be sent to meet one on arrival at the railway station. The following is the established scale of charges for palkees, ponies, and coolies :—For a palkee or tonjon with 12 bearers, between Narel and Matheran, including toll, and return trip of empty 'palkee, Rs. 8. At night the charge for the same is Rs. 8-6. Palkees or tonjons with 6 bearers, for day of 8 hours on the hill, Rs. 3. Palkee with 6 bearers, for half day on the hill, Rs. 1-12. Palkee with 6 bearers, for two hours on the hill, Rs. L8 ; for one hour or any less period Re. 1. Four annas extra for each hour after 8 P. M. Pony between Narel and Matheran Rs. 2. Pony between Narel and Matheran, with side saddle, Rs. 2. Pony between Narel and Matheran, for bona-fide servant, Rs. 1-4. Pony for the day on the hill, Rs. 2. Pony for morning or evening ride, Re. 1. Coolie between Narel and Matheran, or for the day on the hill, 5 annas. If palkees he wanted on the hill, application should be made to the Superintendent’s ofi‘ioe ; for ponies no application is necessary ; wheeled carriages are not allowed on the hill. At the top of the ghat there is a toll levied under Act VIII. of 1851. The charge for a horse is 1 anna ,- for a pony is half anna per trip. There are fours hotels—“ the Chowk Hots,” “ the Alexandra,” “the Clarendon,” and “ Hope Hall Hotel.” The charges are Rs. 6, Rs. 5, and Rs. 4| per diem, without wines or liquors. The Alexandra Hotel has re- cently been greatly enlarged, and the railway station at Narel has Matheran. nxcmzsrous FROM BOMBAY. 289 now been provided with a number of bath and dressing rooms—those for ladies being on one side of the ticket-office, and those for gentle- men on the other. Refreshments can also be had at the station. Houses are generally let by the season—4.15., from 1st March to 15th June, and from 1st October to 31st December. They are fur- nished, after a fashion, and, with a few additions, may be made tolerany comfortable. They are rented direct from the owners or their agents. On this account it is advisable that all who con- template a lengthened stay, should take their own horses or ponies, for though the latter are to be hired, the supply is not always equal to the demand. At the same time, for the casual visitor, they are a most useful institution. Residents should, as soon as possible after arrival, send their names and addresses to the Superintendent’s ofiice, for very frequently boxes of ice, fruits, &c., with defaced labels, are taken there to be identified. They should also instruct their butlers to apply at the office for detailed information as to bheesties and sweepers, bazaar prices, due. They should also direct them to make arrangements for having all drinking water brought from springs, and not from the tanks. It is hardly necessary to urge the advantage of a good filter. In houses where there are children, it is advisable that goats and cows should be brought up. All the necessaries of life are obtainable in the bazaar, and the gardens furnished a fair supply of very excellent vegetables. There are no shops on the hill to meet the extra wants of Europeans, though this is, in a great measure, obviated by the facility with which stores are procured by rail, either from Bombay or Poona. There is a weekly market-day, when native servants and others lay in their supplies, and grain for horses, &c., should then be purchased. The chief charm of Mather-an is in its lovely scenery ; and to the Bombay visitant, it is indeed a change. For the noisome crowded streets, he gets wooded lanes, where the very air is scented by wild flowers ,- for the foul and sweltering air of offices, he gets a pure and buoyant atmosphere ; for the unvarying lines of squalid houses and stucco shams, he looks out upon the lights and shadows falling and lying upon a broad expanse of grateful foliage ; 19 290 MACLEAN’S GUIDE TO BOMBAY. and for the noise and turmoil~ of the city, he gets a quiet, unbroken save by the songs of birds and the call of countless spur fowl. If his time is limited, he should go, in the morning, to Garbut Point, where there are fine views of the ghats and their tumbled fore-ground. In the afternoon he should go to Panorama Point ; and from this vantage-ground he will look down upon Bombay, with its broken coast line, upon Malabar Hill, by Mazagon, and Mahim, upon the harbour with its shipping, and upon the many islands—in a word, he will look down upon a scene rarely surpassed and seldom equalled. Should he be able to afford the time, he will perhaps derive greater pleasure in finding out the views for himself, and with the help of hisguide map, to be ob- tained at the Superintendent’s ofiice, there will be no difficulty in doing so. From each and all of the points these are singularly love. ly, nor are the roads less pretty and picturesque that lead to them. The other points are Hart, Porcupine, Louisa, Echo, Landscape, Bottle, Monkey, Great and Little Chowk, and Alexandra Point. On the east side of the hill, between Alexandra and Little Chowk Point is a fine grove, where the most magnificent trees are to be seen with gigantic creepers festooning them. It is known as Amrai or Rainbagh. 292 PROPOSED MOVEMENT . _ i -mf____ in V,_ V , i_Ai ’ _) YOKOHAMA to g. HONG_K0NG. SHANGHAI to BOMBA1 7 ~ . I H. v , . . | Leave i Alt:le ' Leave [A1 five Leave _- No. Nu, ‘ L _,i of ’ ‘ ' i " of ‘ _ , | V0 Yoko- \ Hong- Voy Shan; ‘ Hong- Hong- . Singa- y; me. ' Kong I \ ghai ‘ Kong Kong pore Per— \ A, >2 iii“. __F Tues. Tues. fl illFri. Tues. Thurs. \Ved. 8} da - an. . - liallrt. L J 24h.port 6 h. F ' I 1876 1876 1876 I 1876 1876 1876 1>2 2» 12 Dec 19 Dec 54 15 Dec , 19 Dec 21 Dec 27 Dec 30 9 ‘ Wed. 1877 ‘ 1877 1877 1877 155 4 27 Dec 2 Jan 56‘ 29 Dec 2 Jan 4 Jan 10 Jan 13 .6 'l‘ues h "4 ' 1377‘ . 1877 6, 9.11m . 16 Jan' 58 12 Jan 16 Jan IBJan 24 Jan 27 .9 ... " ... ... ... ... \ an 30 Jan 60' 26 Jan 30 Jan 1 Feb ‘. 7 Feb 10 .23 ' b 13 Feb 62 9 Feb Feb 15 Feb 21 Feb 21 .36 ... ... . b 27 Feb 64; 23 Feb 27 Feb 1 Mar 7 Mar 10 20 x / ir‘ l3 66! 9 .Mar 13 15 Mar 21 Mar 24, ., :3 . ‘ ... 1‘ -.. ... ... ... . 1 ~ g 27 Mar 681 23 Mar 27 Mar 29 Mar 4 Apr 7 it ‘- luiiipr 70' 6 Apr 1 10Kpr 12:12pr 18Xpr 21 :2? l ‘ ‘ ‘ Thurs. I Sun. 1 Thurs. Sat. Sat. TL' 8 ~ 12) Apr ‘72; 15 Apr 19 Apr 21 Apr 28 Apr 1 15 Q ‘ o. 3 May "74'i 29.221“ 13-May S’May' 12-May 15. 22 ‘1 1 1 29 I . . ‘ --- . . , . (3 17 May '76! 13 Mayl 17 May 19 May‘ 26 May 29 13 »/| 31 May *78i 27 May 31 May 2 June' 9 June 121 27 ~ 14 dime *80! 10 dune 14 dime 16 dune 23 llune 26. 1: I all II. so. In: I - 26 June *82' 24 June 28 June 30 June: 7 July 10 July' '84? 8 July 12 July 14! July; 21 July 24 37 '.july '86‘ 22 duly 26 duly 28'.liuly {Aug 7 . " :SSI Biz-tug Q'Aug Illa-11g killing :3 .Q ‘ ii . .. . 0‘ . q .. . o . DI 29 :e Year ending DECEMBER 1877. 0? t1 of B iRIA and BRINDISI to VENICE. PORT SAID t0 SOUTHAMPTON. larive B1113 Mails amve at ' London Mon. 2 1.11. 22 Jan 29 Jan 5 Feb 12 Feb 19 Feb 26 Feb 5 Mar 12 Mar 19 Mar 26 Mar 2 Apr 9 Apr 16 Apr 23 Apr 30 Apr 7 May 14- May 21 May 28 May 4 June 11 June "I-‘HQH "awmg 3 GA‘L“? cq " E '1) Leave l A11 1‘ e ’ Leave Arrive at 5 at No. 1 * 9f P l G'b 1 s 111 iBrindisi Anconal Venice 1 W 3253 Malta 1 Its: aligmn ll ‘ l . Sat. Sun. Mon. Tues. Fn. Wed. Mon. | 1 PAL 6 h.port'; 12h.port‘6 h. port 20 Jan 21 Jan .22 Jan 392 16 Jan 19 Jan 24 Jan 29 Jan I 27 Jan 28 Jan l29 Jan 394 23 Jan 26 Jan 31 Jan 5Feb 3 Feb 4 Feb ! 5 Feb 396 30 Jan 2 Feb 7 Feb 12 Feb 10 Feb 11 Feb 1 12 Feb 398 6 Feb 9 Feb 14, Feb 19 Feb F l 17 Feb 18 Feb 1 19 Feb 400 13 Feb 16 Feb 21 Feb 26 Feb 1 24 Feb 25 Feb ? 26 Feb 402 20 Feb 23 Feb 28 Feb 5 Mar 3 Mar 4 Mar 1 5 Mar 404 27 Feb 2 Mar 7 Mar 12 Mar 10 Mar 11 Mar 1 12 Mar 406 6 Mar 9 Mar 14 Mar 19 Mar 17 Mar 18 Mar l 19 Mar 408 13 Mar 16 Mar 1 21 Mar 26 Mar 24 Mar 25 Mar 26 Mar 410 20 Mar 23 Mar 1 28 Mar 2 Apr 31 Mar 1 Apr 2 Apr 412 27 Mar 30 Mar 4 Apr 9 Apr 7 Apr 8 Apr 1 9 Apr 414 3 Apr 6 Apr 11 Apr 16 Apr 14 Apr 15 Apr ‘ 16 Apr 416 10 Apr 13 Apr 18 Apr 23 Apr 21 Apr 22 Apr 23 Apr 418 17 Apr 20 Apr 25 Apr 30 Apr 28 Apr 29 Apr 30 Apr 420 241 Apr 27 Apr 2 May 7 May 5 May 6 May 7 May 422 1 May 4 May 9 May 14 May 12 May 13 May 14 May 424 8 May 11 May 16 May 21 May 19 May 20 May l 21 May 426 15 May 18 May 23 May 23 May 26 Maw 27 May 1 28 May 428 22 May 25 May 30 May 4 June 2 Jr' une 4 June "430 29 May 1 June 6 June 11 June me 11 June 432 5 June 8 June 13 June 18 J uneLl w' 18 June *434 12 June 15 June 20 June 25 JuneH 25 J uue *436 19 June 22 Junei 27 June 2 July 2 July *433 26 June 29 Junel 4 July 9 July 9 July *440 3July 6 July} 11 July 16 July 16 July *442 10 July 13 July‘ 13 July 23 July 23 July *444 17 July 20 July 25 July 30 July 30 July *446 24 July 27 July 1 Aug 6 Aug 6 Aug *448 31 July 3 Aug 1 8 Aug 13 Aug I 13 Aug *450 7 Aug 10 Aug 15 Aug 20 Aug , *452 14 Aug 17 Aug 22 Aug 27 Aug ‘ *454 21 Aug 24 Aug 29 Aug 3 Sept ' 28 Aug 31 Aug 5 Sept 10 Sept 4 Sept 7 Sept 12 Sept 17 Sept *460 11 Sept 14 Sept 19 Sept 24 Sept *462 18 Sept 21 Sept 26 Sept 1 Oct 25 Sept 28 Sept 3 Oct 8 Oct 2 Oct 5 Oct 10 Oct 15 Oct [Lllnt 19 n,» 1'7 Ont Q0 Dm- RAILWAYS. 293 Hrmzr P. LnMnstnIsn, C.S.I., Agent. RAILWAYS, GREAT INDIAN PENINSULA RAILWAY. OFFICES :—ELPHINSTONE cmcuz. S. Jackson, Locomotive Supt. Wilson Bell, Chief Resident Engineer. A. King, Storekeeper. G. A. Barnett, Auditor. W. Allingham, Assist. Auditor. S. D. Henry, Assistant Storekeeper. H. I. P. Thomson, Secretary. H. Condor, General Traffic Manager, W. Michael, Assistant Secretary. Captain S. Babington, Supt. of Police. Boree Bunder. Beam and Cleveland, Solicitors, Homby Row. DOWN TRAINS BETWEEN BOMBAY AND POONA. _ FARES r3011 BOMBAY. Week-days and Sundays. m r? STATIONS. 2 lst. 2nd. 3rd. Mix. Pass. Mail. Pass. {RS.A.P.IRS-A.P.‘RS.A r. .1. M.,A. M.|P. 111.11. m. .. .... .. ’ B0mbayB.Br. ..d. 650,i 1030 230i 745 Bombay Time .. 620 10 0 2 0i 7 15 ‘1 0 1 610 0 9 0 0 GMUSjid... ..d 657} 11 6 752 2050,020010113'511115. ..d 771116 24132 3 0 6 010 3 0‘ 0 1 oohinchpoogly. .. d 71211121 3 7 4 0 3 010 4 0 0 1 9Parell Station. a 7171 312 5 0905050020115d11r... . “(172351123 .. 313 35012 (10611102931611 ..a 7331136 .. 323 91015 0, 0 3 0‘0 3 60561-13 .. 11 7391141 .. 334 16 1 10 0 013 0 O 5 9Bliandoop ..d 8 6, .. 9 0 | .Noon. 20 200:100,07 11511115.. ..d 321512 31317 913 26 2 9 011 4. 910 9 .Dcewa .. a 342 936 33 3 3 0‘ 1 1o 0 0 11 00511155 June. a 9 5! 12 36 3 4.3; 10 o . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. D0. .. d 9 15; 12 42 343 P. M. 42 315 0 2 0 0 014. OBIIGIHPOOI‘ .. a 9491 1 5 53 ' 5 1 0, 2 9 011 2 0‘115151 .. (11034i 137 433; 62 513 0‘ 2 15 0* 1 5 0Kurjut" a 11 3‘ 1 56 4.50, .... .. I . . . . . . . . . . .. DO. . ..<1 1115‘ 2 4' 455 P. M. 77 . 7 7 0 3 11 0. 110 OKhandalla a 12 55} 342 6 231 7 17 3 0 312 9 1 11 0L3nowlee“ .. 5 1 10 355‘ 610, .. l . . . . . . . . . . .. Do. .. <1 2 5f 4. 51 6591 39 3 7 0‘4. 4. 0 114. OKurkulla ...d 246 4.30' l 9319 3 91410 012 1 OTulligaum .. u 3 21= 4.571 7391 109 10 4. 9; 5 2 0; 2 4 0,0511“:th .. a 4. 21 5271 I1 115 1014. 015 7 0 2 7 OKirkee 4.23 549 3201 119 11302590230111.1519 .. '440160.830 * Refreshments. 294 MACLEAN’S GUIDE TO BOMBAY. UP TRAINS BETWEEN POONA AND BQMBAY. “a FARES 'ro BOMBAY. S Weekdays and Sundays- 0 TATIONS. Sf‘ * "- g lst. 2nd. 1 3rd. Pass] MIX. lel. 1 Pass. * R 11. P. Rs. 1. 24 is. A. P. A. M. A. u. .1. M. r. M ~ 119 11 3 0 5 9 O 2 8 0Poona . ('1T . 9 0 5 15 1 20 Bombay Time . s 30 4 4.5 12 50 115 10 14 0 5 7 0I 2 7 01611586 .. .. d . . 9 15 5 29 1 34 109 0 4 0 5 2 0‘ 2 4 OChinChwud .. d .. 9 4O 1 51 98 9 3 0 4 10 O 2 1 OTulligaum d ... 10 5 6 13 2 25 89 8 7 0 4 4 O 1 14 OKurkulla. ... d . 10 06 2 48‘ 79 7 8 0 3 12 O 1 11 0 nowlee .. a . 11 3O 6 51 3 13 P M. D0. .. . (1 . 12 15 7 4 3 23 77 7 7 0 3 11 O 1 10 OKhandalla m . d .. 12 32 7 18L 3 38 62 5 13 0 2 15 0 1 5 OKul‘jllt a ... 2 15 8 49‘ 5 13 .. Do. a 2 25 s 55' 5 21 53 510290120N5r51 ..(1 .. 257 9141544 42 3 15 0 2 0 0 0 14 OBudlapoor .. d 339 6 13 33 3 3 0 1 10 O 0 11 0021112111 ... 8» 4 8 9 54. 6 33 . D0. d 5 30 4 18 9 58 6 40 26 2 9 0 1 4 0! 0 9 ODeewa ...d 5 55 444 20 2001004070i'1‘anna. ...d6165710 26711 16 1 10 O 0 13 0l 0 5 9'Bhandoop d 6 28 5 22 9 0 15 0 0 8 0‘ O 3 6,000r1a, d 6 55 5 48 7 37 s 0 12 0 O 6 0' 0 2 95Sion... .. d 7 0 5 53 7 42 5 O 9 O 0 5 0 0 2 O‘Dadur ... (1 7 11 6 4 7 5O 4, 0 8 ()1 0 4 0 0 1 9Pare11 Station... (1 7 16 6 10 7 55 3 0 5 0 0 3 0 0 1 O'Chinchpoogly... .. d 7 21 6 15 s 0‘ 2 O 5 0 0 2 0 0 1 OBycuila ... .- d. 7 30 6 2-1 11 5 8 8 1 0 1 6 0 O 9 O O 6M11sjid .. d 7 41 6 36 8 17 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Bombay B. Br, .. a 7 45 6 40 11 15 8 20 Bombay Time .. 7 15 6 10 10145 7 50 RATES FOR PERIODICAL TICKETS. M21311 QUARTERLY. BETWEEN BOMBAY m1) 1st 2nd 1 3rd 1st 1 2nd 3rd Class. Class 1 Class. Class. ,' Class. Class, Rs. a. Rs. :1. 1 Rs. 2. Rs. 51.1 Rs. a.; Rs. :1. Musjid ............................... 3 O 2 O 1 4 6 0 4.0 2 8 Byculla ............................ .. 5 0 4 0 2 6 10 0 8 0 4 12 Chinchpoogly ...... .......... .. 9 0 5 0 2 6 18 0 10 0 4 12 Parell ............................... .. 11 0 6 0 3 3 22 O 12 0 6 6 Dadur ............................... .. 13 0 7 O 3 6 26 O 14 O 6 12 Mahim ............................... .. 14 O 8 O 4 8 28 0 16 0 9 O Bandora. ............................ .. 14 0 8 0 4 8 28 O 16 0 9 0 Sion .................................. .. 14 0 7 8 4 8 28 0 15 0 9 0 Coorla ............................... .. 14 0 8 0 4 8 28 0 16 0 9 0 Bhandoop ......................... .. 18 0 12 0 6 0 40 0 25 0 12 o Tanna ............................... .. 23 0 15 0 8 0 50 0 30 O 16 0 Deeva ............................... .. 30 O 18 0 12 O 70 O 38 0 24 () Cal‘ian ............................... .. 40 O 24 0 15 0 9O 0 48 0 3O 0 Poona. ............................. .. " 100 0 ._ , _ For Periodical Tickets required for 1011 ger plication should be made to the General Traffic Manager, G. I. P. R. periods, or between other Stations, ap- RAILWAYS. 295 RATES FOR PARCELS, HORSES, CARRIAGES, AND DOGS. Pmcrms.1 Honsss.’ Gunners. Single Fare. Single Fare, Does' B01131! r0 1‘ ‘ o '6. 5 10 06 i Os gs o5 -g seers. seers. g g g :1? E g g 3 i 5% Each. .2: 5 ea E: F a? l Rs. a. p. Rs. a. p. Rs. a.;Rs. a.,Rs. a. Rs. a.‘Rs. a. Rs. 9.: Tannaorviceversa .... .. 0 4 0 0 7 0 5 0‘ 5 O 5 5 0‘ 5 4| 0 4 Narel ......................... ..0410088612l10 2'18 1021138 08 Poona, ________________________ __ 0 5 8,010 41414 22 5291 22 5? 2912 012 Sholapoor ................... .. 0 8 2 0 15 4 35 6i 53 1 70 1 58 1: 70 12 1 10 Goolburga .................. “010814444266 3,88 6631’88 20 Raichore ................... .. 0 11 11 1 6 1 55 61 83 1l110 1 83 1,110 1 2 6 Nassick ...................... .. 0 6 8 0 10 14 10 21 15 29 21 15' 29 0 12 Munmar .................... ..066012020430640 306.40 10 Bhosawul ................... .. 0 8 2 0 15 34 8 51 12 69 5112‘ 69 0 1 10 Sheagaum ................. ..095111i428631285 6312185 114 Budnaira ................... .. 0 11 11 1 6 1 51 8 77 4103 77 4103 2 4 Nagpoor ................... .. 0 14 5 1 11 10 65 0 97 8130 97 8130 0 2 12 Burhanpur ................ .. 0 9 5 1 11 3812 58 2 77 as 2! 77 a 1 12 Khundwa ................... .. 010 8 1 4 44 2 66 3 88 66 3,188 4 2 0 Hurda ....... ......... 0 11 11 1 6 1 52 2 78 341047 78 3,104 2 4 Sohagpore ................ .. 0 13 2 1 9 61 12 92 10123 92 10,123 8 2 10 Jubbulpore ................ .. 1 011 2 01 77 0115 81154 115 8.154 0 3 4| * Being the property of one person. 1 Above 10 score, 2 pics per seer in addition to the rate for 10 seers for the first 50 milt'S. For each additional 50 miles up to 300 miles, 2 pies per seer in addition to the above. For each 50 miles beyond 300 miles, 8 pics per seer in addition to the rate for first 300 miles. 2 One groom in charge of each horse will be allowed to travel free in the same vehicle as the animal. Return Tickets are issued for horses at 50 per cent. more than the ordinary rate, but with no less charge than Rs. 5 for each horse, and Return Tickets for Horses are available for the same time as Return Tickets for Passengers. The Insurance rate for horses travelling at return fares is five per cent. on the declared value. Ten per cent. will be allowed to adealer sending 12 or more horses in one batch. (harness—Four-whceled carriages are charged at the rate of four annas per railway mile, the lowest charge being lis 4. Two-wheeled carriages, palanquins, or dooleys, &c., at the rate of 3 annas per mile, the lowest charge being Rs. 3. *All carriages should be at the station 30 minutes before departure of the Train by which they are to be despatched, and when sent from roadside stations, 9. notice of 24 hours is necessary to ensure Carri- age Trucks. The owners of carriages. palanquins, 610., can arrange for them to belt at inter- mediate stations for the same time and under the same rules as the holders of ordinary Single-journey Tickets. Does—Each dog will be charged for at 2 annas for any distance not exceeding 20 miles, at 4 annas for any distance not exceeding 50 miles, at 8 annas for any distance not exceeding 75 miles, and at an additional 2 annas for every additional 25 miles beyond the first 75 miles.—No Return Tickets are issued for dogs. 296 MACLEAN’S GUIDE TO BOMBAY. BOMBAY, BARODA, AND CENTRAL INDIA RAILWAY. orrrcss—cc‘cscneus STREET. _ Fn1nors M1'rnnw, Agent & Chief Engr. '1 C. P. Whitcombe, Assmt. T. W. Wood, Chief Auditor and Acct. J. R. Duxbury, Traffic Manager. J. O’Connell, First Assist. Auditor. W. Pendlebury, Asst. Traffic Manager. A. S. Moorhouse, Second Asst. Auditor. , C. Board, Storekeeper, Colaba. E. B. Carroll, Locomotive and Carriage S. A. Dingan, Assist. Storekeeper, Superintendent (Europe). i Parell. ’ R. C. Hornby, Acting Locomotive Capt. A. B. Portman, Supt, Railway Superintendent, Parell. | Police. RATES FOR PERIODICAL TICKETS. First Class. Second Class. Third Class. Monthly- Quarterly. Monthly- Quarterly. Monthly- Quarterly' Rs. a. Re. a. Re. a. Rs. a. Rs. 9.. Rs. a. rColitba ....... .. 4 0 8 0 3 0 6 0 2 0 4 0 3 Marine Lines. 8 0 6 0 2 0 4 0 2 0 4 0 (g Churney Road 4 0 8 0 3 0 6 0 2 0 4 0 GrantRoad... 5 0 10 0 4 0 8 0 2 8 5 0 {3g Mahaluxmee.. e 0 12 0 4. 0 s 0 2 s 5 0 {go Parell .......... .. 11 0 22 0 5 0 10 0 3 4 6 8 513%Dadur .......... .. 13 0 26 0 7 0 14 0 3 6 612 2 Mahim ....... .. 14 0 28 0 8 0 16 0 4 8 9 0 555 Random. .... .. 14 0 28 0 s 0 16 0. 4 s 9 0 Q Andaree .... .. 16 4 32 8 10 12 21 8 7 0 14 0 E Goregaum 1612 3312 11 4 22 8 8 8 17 0 p3 Borwalee .... .. 20 0 4.0 0 13 4. 26 s 10 2 20 4. Bassein ....... .. 22 8 45 0 15 0 30 0 13 8 27 0 RATES FOR PARCELS, HORSES, CARRIAGES, AND DOGS. P1chns. ‘ Hossss. -o -l 63 3%, -$§,,;18m-$3w-§,3 The senders of one Horse $881128]; 72 2'5 aigmg ,3 guise charlilcd atftgeHrate of .... ' \.-. .51 13W; pgeig‘ ‘1; as. per m'e; 0 orses, orZIbS' 2 “2"‘32 "‘2 "*2 '0'; “A my “2 3as.permi1e, andof3H0rses, ‘21. 2.1.11.1. [1.1. 12.1. 2.1. 2.1. 2.1.11.1. 4 as. permile, the property of 1 to 5,0 30 4,0 50 6,0 7,0 8,0 90 100 11 one person only. The rate for 6 to 100 40 60 70 8,0 10,0 12,0 141 0 1 2 everyadditional Horsebelong- 11 to 150 50 7,0 9,0 11,0 13,1 0,1 21 51 8 ingtothesameownerandsent 16 to 20,0 60 8,0 100 14i1 111 4,1 81 122 0 together Will be 1 anna per 21 to 25,0 70 9,0 121 0.1 41 81 122 012 4 mile. The lowest charge for 26 to 30,0 80 10,0 14 1 21 71 122 1 2 62 12 sendingIHorscwill be Rs. 2-8, 31 to 350 90 121 01 5,1 112 12 62 12,3 2 for 2 Horses Rs. 5, and for 36 to 40,0 100 131 2 1 811 142 5,2 12,3 23 8 3 Horses Rs. 7-8. C1nnr1ess.—Four-wheeled carriages are charged at the rate of 4 annas per mile, the lowest charge being Rs. 4- Two-wheeled carriages are charged at the rate of 3 annas per mile, the lowest charge being Rs. 3. Does—Each dog will be charged 2 annas for any distance not exceeding 20 miles, 4 annas for any distance not exceeding 50 miles, 8 annas for any distance not exceeding 75 miles, and an additional 2 annas will be charged for each Dog for every additional 25 miles exceeding 75 miles. RAILWAY MAGISTRATES . A. G. Fraser, Bhore Ghaut District. | J. A. Baines, C.S., Ag.,Thu1 Ghaut District- 0. E. G. Crawford, 0.8., Bhosawul District. THROUGH TRAINS. 297 THROUGH TRAIN FROM BOMBAY 'I‘O AHMIEDABAD, (110., and VICE VERSA. MADRAS TIME, which is 30 minutes in advance of Bombay Time, is kept at all Stations on this Line. 8 is"? :n i? FAREs FROM BOMBAY Cl 1.. ' g 5% o- g 5’5 STATIONS. 21% 6““ pg 23:14: no ' lst Class.|2nd01ass.!3rd Class. MILES n n. B. B. 800.1. R. p. m. Rs. A. 2. Has. A. r. 112. A. r. GOLABA .. d 9 0 1 0 8 Church Gate... . ...d 9 8 0 3 0 0 2 0 0 1 0 2 0 13 Marine Lines ...d 9 13 0 3 O 0 2 0 0 l 0 2 0 18 Churney Road d 9 18 0 5 0 0 2 O 0 1 0 3 0 35 Grant Road .. . . d 9 35 0 6 0 0 3 0 0 1 6 10 0 53 Bandora ...(1 9 53 1 1 0 0 8 0 0 3 9 33 1 55 BasseinRoad.. d 10 55 2 11 0 1 4 0 0 11 6 a. m. 108 5 3 Damaun Road d 2 3 8 8 0 4 0 0 2 4 0 148 7 2 Nowsaree ... ...d 4 2 1110 0 5 7 0 3 2 0 167 7 55 \SURAT"... ...a 4 55 13 1 0 6 1 0 3 8 O D0. 5 10 203 10 28 Breach .. ..d 7 28 15 15 0 '7 7 0 4 4 0 247 12 15 Baroda" ...d ‘9 45 19 6 0 9 0 0 5 3 O p. m. 309 15 30 AHMEDABAD” ..a 12 30 24 4 0 11 4 0 6 8 0 Mixed. Ahmedabad ... .. d 1 0 . 349 19 25 Veeramgaum ... . (1 4 25 27 7 0 12 12 0 7 1 0 389 22 20 WADHWAN... ..a 7 20 30 8 0 ~ 14 3 O 7 9 0 Mtg‘igofifl?;;rs UP. 1:11:13?“ FAnns r0 BOMBAY. 389 22 25 WADHWAN... . (1 6 5 3O 8 0 14 3 0 7 9 0 349 19 5 Veeramgaum... ... ...d 9 25 27 7 0 12 12 0 7 1 O p. m.- -- 309 AHMEDABAD' ...a £510 24 4 O 11 4 0 6 8 a. . 15 30 Ahmedabad d 1 0 . 247 12 45 Baroda“ ...d 3 45 ‘19 6 0 9 0 0 5 3 0 203 10 58 Broach d 5 32 15 15 O 7 7 0 4 4 0 167 SURAT" ...a 7 40 13 1 0 6 1 0 3 8 0 8 20 DO. ..d 8 10 . 148 7 30 Nowsaree .. d 9 0 1110 0 5 7 0 3 2 0 108 5 25 DamaunRoad ...d 11 5 8 8 0 4 0 0 2 4 0 a. m. 33 1 45 Bassein Road ... d 2 45 -2 11 0 1 4 O 0 11 6 10 0 46 Bandora... .. (l 3 44 1 1 0 0 8 0 0 3 9 s 0 22 iGrantR/oad ...d 4. s 0 6 0 0 3 o 0 1 6 2 0 16 Ghnrney Road d 4 14 O 5 0 0 2 0 O 1 O 2 0 10 Marine Lines.. ...(1 4 20 0 3 0 0 2 O O 1 O 1 0 5 Church Gate... ... d 4 25 0 3 0 0 2 0 O 1 0 Ill 00‘ II. IQ. ll 8) 4 30 9.. Cl. I "‘ Refreshments. 298 MACLEAN’S GUIDE TO BOMBAY. THROUGH TRAIN BETWEEN BOMBAY AND MADRAS. MADRAS TIME, which is 30 minutes in advance of Bombay Time, is kept at all Stations on the G. I. P. Line. 3 g“@ 7‘ FARFS FROM BOMBAY 5' 51> ° P 82 MAIL ' ' ‘3 Q ' L" O STATIONS. - 1 E95 g g Tram 1st Glass. 2116. Class. 3rd Class. C1 F9 111 Inns a. u, G. I, 1?, R, p. m. Rs. A. P. R9. 1. 2. Rs. A. P. ... BOMBAY d 2 30 2 0 11 Byculla ...a 2 4-1 0 5 0 0 2 0 0 1 0 fl) 0 47 Tamna .. . (1 3 17 2 0 0 1 0 0 0 7 0 33 1 13 Callian Junction" ...a 3 4'3 3 3 0 1 10 0 0 11 0 Do. d 3 48 53 2 3 Narel ...d 4 33 5 1 0 2 9 0 1 2 0 62 2 20 Kurjut‘ d: 4 55 513 0 2 15 0 1 5 0 77 3 58 Khandalla.. ... ...d 6 28 7 7 0 3 11 O 1 10 0 79 4 10 Lanowlee" ...a 6 40 7 8 0 3 12 0 1 11 0 Do. 6 59 .. 115 5 50 Kirkee ...d 8 20 10 14 0 5 7 0 2 7 0 119 6 0 POONA"... ... ...a 8 30 11 3 O 5 9 0 2 8 O 0“ '- Do- on no In 5.. d 9 0 "' "' '" a. m. 183 9 3O Decksal ...d 12 10 17 41 0 8 10 0 3 13 0 293 12 0 Barsee Road ... ...dl 2 40 2115 0 11 o 0 4 14 0 282 14 10 Sholapore" ... . . .a 4 40 26 9 0 13 4 0 5 14 O D0. ... , _d 5 0 .. 952 17 99 Goolburga .. . ..el 9 a 99 2 0 16 9 o 7 6 0 De. al 8 13 369 18 23 Shahabad' a! 8 53 3411 0 17 6 0 711 0 Nizam State R I p. m. 491 25 56 Hyderabad a; 5 33 46 2 0 23 2 0 10 4 0 497 26 38 Secunderabad al 6 15 46 11 O 23 6 O 10 6 ... u. 0.0 00. I» d‘ 9 . ... p. m. 442 22 40 RAICHOII’QPR ..a l 10 41 9 0 20 12 0 9 4 0 Raichore... d‘ 1 35 . . 519 26 4O Goondaculf d1 5 10 48 9 0 23 12 O 10 7 0 535 27 16 Gooty 5‘ 5 45 50 9 0 22 12 0 1011 c Do. d 5 55 .. . 565 28 39 Tadputrv ...a 7 9 59 9 0 25 0 11 5 0 130- .. .. d 7 45 . 631 32 2° CuddePah'i ...5 10 50 59 9 o 27 12 0 13 3 o "' "' DO' 000 on n d 5 one o l a.m. 683 35 0 Gpdoor ...d 1 35 64 9 0 29 12 0 14 5 0 708 36 20 T1rupetty“ .. .. a 2 50 66 9 0 30 12 0 14 13 0 D0. d 2 55 .. 750 38 10 Arconuxrl1)Junction* 4 40 70 9 0 31 12 0 15 11 0 0. .. 4 45 792 40 O MADRAS .. a 6 3O 74 9 O 33 12 0 16 9 O "' Refreshment Rooms. 1' Tea and Coffee. ruuoron TRAINS. 299 THROUGH TRAIN BETWEEN MADRAS AND BOMBAY. MADRAS TIME, which is 30 minutes in advance of Bombay Tim3, is kept at all Stations on the G. I. P. Line. g Elsa a a? F1333 'ro BOMBAY. és a 5' 5’5 g STATIONS. ‘ - E a Zn; ,2 ' 131; Class. 2nd Class. 3rd Class. In,“ H, m M, R, _ p. m R3. A. r. Rs. .1. r. Rs. .1. r. 792 41 15 MADRAS ...d 6 0 74 9 0. 33 12 0 16 9 0 750 38 50 Arconum Junction a 7 50 70 9 0 31 12 0 15 11 0 ,,, Do. u, d 8 25 . ... 708 36 52 Tirupetty‘ ... a." 10 15 66 9 0 3O 12 0 141 13 0 .. D0. 6|10 2:1 683 35 32 Codoor .. ...dln 4.1 64 9 o 2912 o 14 5 0 a..m. 631 33 2 Cuddapah'l m m ma, 1 58 59 9 0 27 12 O 13 3 O "‘ .. D00 ..- .I. .I d 2 .. "U 565 29 43 'I‘adputri'l a 5 13 53 9 0 25 12 0 11 5 0 D0. ... ..d 5 32 535 28 17 Gooty m m _, a, 6 50 50 9 0 23 12 O 10 11 0 .. Do. . ...d 6 58 519 27 22 Goondaculi' ...d 7 53 418 9 0 23 12 0 10 7 0 442 23 5 RAICHORE" a 11 30 41 9 0 2O 12 0 9 4 0 G. I. P. R. noon- Ho .00 RaiChore ... n. n. 000 d 0 on H p m. 369 19 14 Shahabad“ ... a 5 51 34 11 0 17 6 0 7 11 0 Nizam State By. 8- m- 55_1 27 49 Secunderabad d 6 30 416 11 0 23 6 0 10 6 0 54-0 27 14 Hyderabad ..d 7 5 416 2 0 23 2 0 10 4 0 ll. - 5 no 000 000 d 4 1 ' ‘ 352 18 22 Goolburga .. a 4 43 33 3 0 16 9 0 7 6 0 .- D0. .. d 41 53 .. 282 14 36 Sholapore" .. a 8 9 26 9 0 13 41 0 5 14 0 . Do. .. d] 8 39 233 12 20 Barsee ROMP ... .. d? 10 55 21 15 0 11 O 0 41 14 0 a. m. 183 9 45 Decksal d 1 30 17 4 0 8 10 0 3 l3 0 119 6 0 POONA .. ...8. 4 410 11 3 0 5 9 0 2 8 0 . D0. d 5 15 115 5 46 Kirkee .. d 5 29 10 1—1 0 5 7 0 2 7 O 79 4 ll Lanowlee" .. a. 6 51 7 8 0 3 12 0 1 11 0 °' 5-. DO- no 000 one 00. d 7 4 n. .5. —-~ 77 3 57 Khandalla d 7 18 7 7 0 3 111 0 1 10 0 62 2 21 Kurjut . cl 3 54. 5 13 0 2 15 0 1 5 0 53 2 1 Narel.. ... .. (1 9 14 5 1 0 2 9 0 1 2 0 33 1 17 CallianJunction"... ..a 9 51 3 3 0 1 10 0 0 ll 0 . D0. .. d 9 58 20 O 49 Tanna .. (1 10 28 2 0 0 1 0 0 0 7 O 2 0 10 Byculla -. ..d 11 5 0 5 O O 2 0 0 1 O .. .. BOMBAY a. 11 15 * Refreshmtant Rooms. 1 Tea and Coffee. 298 MACLEAN’S GUIDE TO BOMBAY. THROUGH 'I'RAIN BETWEEN BOMBAY AND MADRAS. MADRAS TIME, which is 30 minutes in advance of Bombay Time, is kept at all Stations on the G. I. P. Line. 8 aka: >1 2 . a fig 0 ; g5 STATIONS MAIL Finns FROM BOMBAY i=5 0 23:33:" 3 1mm 1st Class. 2nd Class. 3rd Class. D m m In,“ H, m G_ I, p, R, p. m. Rs. A. E. R2. A. r. Rs. A. P. ... BOMBAY d ‘3 30 2 0 11 Byculla ...a 2 41 0 5 0 0 2 0 0 1 0 20047Tanna..........d317200100070 33 1 13 Gallian Junction" ...a 3 43 3 3 0 1 10 0 0 11 0 ,u H, Do, u. m d 3 48 ... ... 53 2 3 Narel ... d1 4 33 5 1 0 2 9 0 1 2 0 62 2 20 Kurjut" di 4 55 513 0 2 15 o 1 5 0 77 5 5s K116565115" ...d 6 28 7 7 0 3 11 0 1 10 0 79 4 10 Lanowlee" ma 6 4.0 7 s 0 312 0 111 0 Do. ..d 6 59 -- 115 5 50 Kirkee ..6| 8 20 1014 0 6 7 0 2 7 0 119 6 0 POONA‘... .- ...a s 30 11 3 0 5 9 0 2 s o "I H D00 no on on -. d 9 0 "' '" "0 a. m. 183 9 30 Decksal ..d 12 10 17 4 0 8 10 0 3 13 0 233 12 0 Barsee Road ... ...d 2 40 21 15 0 11 0 0 4 14 0 282 14 10 Sholapore" ...a 4 40 26 9 0 13 4 0 5 14 0 Do. (11 5 0 .. 352 17 33 Goolburga ... 5' s a 33 2 0 16 9 o 7 6 0 Do. ..61 8 13 869 18 23 Shahabad.‘ a] 8 53 34 11 0 17 6 0 7 11 0 V Nizam State R i p. m. 491 25 56 Hyderabad a. 5 33 46 2 0 23 2 0 10 4 0 497 26 38 Secunderabad .a~ 6 15 4,6 11 0 23 6 0 10 6 no 0" "I 0.. 0.0 d‘ 9 . 00. p. m. 442 22 40 RAIGHOIIEB’R ...a 1 10 41 9 0 20 12 0 9 4 0 Raichore... 1 35 .. 519 26 40 Goondaculf ..d; 5 10 48 9 0 23 12 0 10 7 0 535 27 15 Gooty ... .. a' 5 45 50 9 0 23 12 0 10 11 0 D0. d 5 55 .. 565 28 39 Tadputri" ...a. 7 9 53 9 0 25 12 0 11 5 0 D0. d 7 45 631 32 20 Cuddapah” ...a 10 50 59 9 0 27 12 0 13 3 0 0H "0 DO' I" no. .5. d 5 000 o '0' f a. m. 683 35 0 Godoor ...d 1 35 64 9 0 29 12 0 14 5 0 708 36 20 Tlrupetty” . a 2 50 66 9 0 30 12 0 14 13 0 Do. .. d. 2 55 .. 750 38 10 Arconu1111)Junction' 4 40 70 9 0 31 12 0 15 11 0 o. . 4 45 792 40 0 MADRAS .. a 6 3O 74 9 0 . 33 12 0 16 9 0 * Refreshment Rooms. 1' Tea an Coffee. THROUGH TRAINS. 299 THROUGH TRAIN BETWEEN MADRAS AND BOMBAY. MADRAS TIME, which is 30 minutes in advance of Bombay Time, is kept at all Stations on the G. I. P. Line. v r» 0 5w... w a Funs 'ro BOMBAY. 585 Egg?! STATIONS. 111mm 6 me zqu‘g ram“ 1st Class. 2nd Class. 3rd Class. [ms 1;, m M, R, p. m. Ra. A. P. Ra. A. r. Rs. A. r. 792 41 15 MADRAS .. d 6 0 74 9 0 33 12 0 16 9 0 750 38 50 Arconum Junction' .. a 7 50 70 9 0 31 12 0 15 11 0 Do. d 8 25 . 708 36 52 Tirupetty" ... ...a. 10 15 66 9 0 30 12 0 1413 0 .. Do. 10 23 683 35 32 Codoor ... .. ...d 11 4.3 64 9 0 29 12 0 14 5 0 a. m. 631 33 2 Cuddapah‘ ...a, 1 58 59 9 0 27 12 0 13 3 0 'H " DO. on on no d 2 " ~~I 565 29 43 Tadputn“ a 5 13 53 9 0 25 12 0 11 5 0 . Do. .. d 5 32 535 28 17 Gooty ,, _, a 6 5O 50 9 0 23 12 0 10 11 0 .. D0. - d 6 58 519 27 22 Goondaculi' ...d 7 53 418 9 0 23 12 0 10 7 0 442 23 5 RAICHORE" ..a 11 30 41 9 0 20 12 0 9 4 0 G. I. P. R. noon- Raichore... ...d 12 1° . - .m. 369 19 14 Shahabad" a d 51 34 11 0 17 6 0 7 11 0 Nizam State Ry. 3- m- 551 27 49 Secunderahad ...d 6 30 46 11 0 23 6 0 10 6 0 545 27 14 Hyderabad .d 7 5 46 2 0 23 2 0 10 4 0 . . Shahabad d 4 1 1 - 352 18 22 Goolburga .. a 4- 43 33 2 0 16 9 0 7 6 0 H Do. .. d 4 53 .. 282 14 36 Sholapore“ .. a! 8 9 26 9 0 13 4 0 5 14 0 . Do. .. d| 8 39 233 12 20 Barsee Road‘ .Q d 10 55 21 15 0 11 0 0 4 l4 0 a..m. 183 9 45 Decksal ...d 1 30 17 4 0 8 10 0 313 0 119 6 0 POONA .. ...a 4 4'0 11 3 0 5 9 0 2 8 0 - D0. d 5 15 115 5 46 Kirkee .. d 5 29 1014 0 5 7 0 2 7 0 79 4 11 Lanowlee" .. a. 6 51 7 8 0 3 12 0 1 11 0 -- D0. 7 4 77 3 57 Khandalla ..d 7 18 7 7 0 3 LI 0 110 0 62 2 21 Kurjut ’... ... . d 8 54 5 13 0 2 15 0 1 5 0 53 2 1 Narel.. ..d 9 14 5 1 0 2 9 O 1 2 0 33 1 17 GallianJunction*... .. a 9 5L 3 3 0 1 10 0 0 11 0 . Do. .. .. d 9 58 20 0 49 Tanna. .. d 10 26 2 0 0 1 O 0 0 7 0 2 0 10 Byculla. . ..d 11 5 0 5 0 0 2 0 0 1 0 .. BOMBAY a 11 15 * Refreshment Rooms. 1‘ Tea and Cofiee. 300 MACLEAN’S GUIDE TO BOMBAY. THROUGH TRAIN BETWEEN BOMBAY AND CALGU'I'TA. MADRAS TIME, which is 30 mins. in advance of Bombay, and 33 mins. behind Calcutta Time, is kept at. all Stations on the G. I. P. and E. I. Railways. Q >= >> 5 82 g 85 MAIL FARES FROM BOMBAY. m g g 0 0g 5 STATIONS. Train, .5 m Zn: m lst Class. 2nd Class. 3rd Class- HILns H. u. G. I. P. R. P-'m- “1.1,. R2. A. P. 111;. A r. BOMBAY . d 6 0 » .. 2 0 13 Byculla. ...d 6 13 0 5 0 0 2 0 O 1 0 20 0‘ 57 Tannah ..d 6 57 2 0 0 1 0 0 0 7 0 33 1 23 Callian Junction'" .. d 7 3O 3 3 0 1 10 0 0 11 O 75 3 25 Kussarah" . ... ..(1 9 3Q 7 1 O 3 8 0 1 9 0 85 4 29 Egutpoora" ..a 10 29 8 0 0 4 0 0 1 12 0 0-. ' DO. 0" 0“ on d ... '" . 116 5 46 Nassick Road ...d 11 54 11 0 0 5 8 0 2 7 0 a. m. 177 8 10 Nandgaum" d 2 25 16 11 0 8 6 0 3 11 0 276 12 2 BhosawulJunctionfiT...a 6 2 25 14 0 12 15 0 5 12 0 p. m. 519 27 0 Nagpore, Branch... .. a, 9 0‘ 48 12 0 24 6 0 10 13 0 Bhosawul d 6 l7 . . 352 15 35 Khundwa." ..a 10 5 33 2 0 16 9 0 7 6 0 p. m. 416 18 37 Hurda" ... ... ...a 12 37 39 2 0 19 9 0 8 11 0 D0. ..d 12 52 . .. , 493 22 0 Sohflgpore ...a 4 0 46 5 0 23 3 0 10 5 0 ~... Do. d 4 30 - 616 27 3O JUBBULPORE" a 9 30 57 12 O 28 14 0 12 13 0 E. I. R. 9“ no. 00. d " a. m. 845 36 45 ALLAHABAD" ...a 6 45 79 4 0 39 10 0 16 6 0 Do. .. d 7 15 .. 901 39 12 Mirzapore .. d 9 19 84 8 0 42 4 0 17 4 0 940 40 40 Mogul Serai ...d 11 5 88 2 6 44 1 3 17 13 9 946 41 10 Banares,Bra.nch... ,,a 11 15 88 11 6 44 5 9 17 15 3 p. m. 999 43 8 Buxar" ... ...d 1 18 93 9 6 46 12 9 18 12 3 1066 45 36 Dinapore“ a 3 36 99 15 6 49 15 9 19 13 3 D0. .. ..d 3 51 1127 48 3 Mokameh" .. .. a 6 3 105 11 O 52 14 6 20 12 6 Do. .. .. d 6 33 1226 52 28 Muddapur" .. d 10 43 114 15 6 57 7 9 22 5 3 a. m. 1289 55 0 Ranoegunge ... d 1 10 120 12 6 60 6 3 23 4 9 1343 56 55 Burdwan a 2 55 125 15 0 62 15 6 24 2 6 D0. ... d 3 5 1389 58 40 Chandernagore .. .. d 4 40 130 4 0 65 2 0 24 14 O 1398 59 0 Serampore ...d 5 0 131 0 0 65 8 0 25 0 0 1409 59 25 CALCUTTA(Howra)...a 5 25 132 2 0 66 1 0 25 3 0 " Refreshinents. 11 Bhosawul is the Junction for Nagpore Branch. an MACLEAN’S GUIDE TO BOMBAY. THROUGH TRAINS from BOMBAY to DELHI, LAHORE &‘. MOOLTAN. MADRAS TIME, which is 33 mins. behind Calcutta Time, and 231 mine. in advance of Lahore Time, is kept at all Stations on the E. I. and S. P. 85 Delhi Railways. (11 From Bombay to Allahabad see page 300.) N0. of Hours from Bombay Train A Train B STATIONS. MILES n. M. 845 36 965 43 1021 48 1051 418 1108 52 1122 54 1157 56 1235 61 1253 64'“ 1321 68 1371 71 11112 79" 1171 76 1546 79 1555 82 1558 92 1661 1766 1229 60" 45 50 w 55 55 10 15 35 39 n. M. 36 45 58 20 62 18 6260 65 20 6635 67 58 725 76 17 7s 16 8229 94 32 87 4 as 95 88 4.5 101mm 107 40 E. I. R. ALLAHABAD'fil Cawnpore“ Lucknow, Bran. a Cawnpore. .. Ettavva Toondla J11.é Agra, Branch .. Toondla...... Allyghur" Do. ‘GAZEEABAD J. DELHI DO. Do. Loodiana Umritsur" . . . lMeeanMeer East LAHORE" Do. Montgome1'1'y Do. MOOLTAN 5 go {3? 5.5 O: 01 l 9 {21 H )— 6655555 1-1 1—1 bib-4 1--I 019:551'9'506005 wheezinoo \icn mush-395*? s. P. a 13.11. GAZEEABAD“. Meerut Cant . Q-IQJ PDQ-120 OOIP $01 Saharunpore“ 9'59 Umballa Cant.*. 5388 $55 J ullunder Cant. p-J mmw59wwm ww?om “own? 03wa OXUIOOH man gang an; 5855855825 $§%$§: $3 5528835 Fume FROM BOMBAY. Mail 1st Class. .R8.A.P. 79 40 9080 92106 98. . 103 1 105 66 109 s 0 11411 0 115 13 o 117mg 0 124. 7 0 129 2 135 12 138 12 10 146 6 146 10 156 40 Aco' c=o 16630 2nd Class. B2. A. r. 39 10 0 45 40 45116 49"! 6 51 15 9 52 113 54 4. 0 57"5 6 57 14 6 58.12 0 62 3 6 64 9 0 6714 3 69 6 3 71 19 9 79 3 o 73 5 9 7sm2 6 8313 3rd Class. 112.1.2. 16 60 18 4O 21 4. 0 222 5 22 7 6 229 9 23 14. 6 24 11 c 2512 9 26 49 27 19 27 90 27 99 2915 3 3O 5O * Refreshments. N.B.—Passen_gers from Bombay to Delhi, Lahore, and Mooltan can travel as far as‘Lahore, trom Allahabad, with a stoppage Of 50 minutes, by Train A; or halt 16 hours 33 mine. in Allahabad and proceed through by Fast Train B. THROUGH TRAINS. 303 THROUGH TRAINS irom MOOLTAN, LAHORE & DELHI to BOMBAY. MADRAS TIME, which is 23% mine. in advance of Lahore time, and 33 mins. behind Calcutta Time, is kept at all Stations on the S. P. & D. and E. 1. Eye. (11 From Allahabad to Bombay see page 301.) g g; No. gdeours to A B F4333 TO BOMBAY. a ombay _ _ 38f; _ -~——— STATIONS' 2113-11841 151. 2nd 1 3rd g m TramATrainB 112111239111 Class. Class lCl1ss. Minus 1!. M. 11. M. S. P. & D. R. P- 111-31). m. R11. .1. r. Rs. .1. 11.11111. 1.1» 1766 112 45 MOOLTAN“ ...d 6 0 166 80 83 13 30 50 1661 Montgomerry... a 11 47 156 4 0 78 2 6 28 15 3 81.111. 106 23 Do. we 12 17 ' 1553 LAHORE" a 6 10 146 10 6 73 5 3 27 9 9 .p. m. 34 45 37 45_ DO. ...dll 0 7 10 . 1555 34 39 37 23 iMeeanMeerEastdll 15 7 27 146 6 0 73 3 0 27 9 0 a. ml 1546 32 46 86 3 {Umritsur‘ d12 59 3 45 143 10 6 71 13 3? 27 19 1474 79 27 33 12 ‘Jullunder Cant. a 4 13 I111 17 133 12 6 69 6 3; 26 4 9 .3. m. 1442 76 45 32 14 LOOdiana ...d 7 0 131 135126 671413125129 1371 I Umballa Cant... 510,36, 4 27 129 2 0 64 9 0 24 11 0 ... 72 39-78 531 D0. ...dH 6 452 p. m. 1321 Saharunpore'...a 2 5 6 55 124 7 0 62 9 61 23 14 6 63 31 76 25 D5. ...d 545 720 I 1253 64 20 73 36 MeerutCant. ...d 7 25 10 9 117 30 53 12 0122 9 3 1223 iGAZlgEABAD... a 9 30 11 30 114 11 0 57 5 6‘ 22 4 6 . I. R. 1235 60 55 72 15 [DELHI ...1110 50 11 30 115 13 0 57 14 6 22 7 6 m’nt.lP-m- 59 4.5 71 5 GAZEEABAD'.d12 0 1240 a.m. 1 1157 Allygur“ a. 3 15 3 25 103 3 0 54 4 0 21 4 0 56 0 68 0 Do. ...5345 346 l 1108 ... Toondla Jn.‘ a 6 20 5 52 103 14 6 51 15 3‘ 20 7 9 1 a. m. p m. 1122 54 35 67 5 Agra, Branch... 11 5 10 4 40 105 6 6 52 11 3 20 11 9 52 50 65 15lToondla ...d 655 630 1051 43 27 62 35 Ettawa ...d1018 910 93 90 49 46,19 96 p. m. a..m l 965 Cawnpore" ...a 2 30 12 410 90 8 0 415 40 18 40 p.m a.m 1021 50 30 63 10 Lucknow, Brand 9 20 10 35 92 10 6 45 11 6 44 45 58 35 Cawnpore“ - d 3 0 110 345 1ALLAHABAD119. 9 0 6 10 79 40 39 100 16 60 * Refreshments. Passengers to Bombay from Scinde, PunJab and Delhi Railway by Mail Train B. are delayed 16 hours 4.5 minutes at Allahabad, but can travel through by the Mixed Train A, leaving Lahore at 11-0 2.11. 304 $115111 111156519511 671111151165. AUSTRO-HUNGARIAN LLOYD’S STEAM NAVIGATION COMPANY. OFFICES z—ELPHINSTONE CIRCLE. JOSEPH JANNI, Agent. To Trieste .. £15 0 £355 0 £18 0 To Trieste 0 To Port Said.£32 0 £25 10 £13 2. To Port Said..£30 0 To Suez .... 0 £24 0 £12 5 ' To Suez ....... ..£28 BRITISH INDIA STEAM NAVIGATION COMPANY. PASSENGER RATES FROM BOMBAY. (By Cargo Steamers.) (By Passengers’ Steamers.) lst Class. 2nd Class. Deck. Cabin. Deck, with Food. OFFICES—ELPHINSTONE CIRCLE. £18 0 O .... .. W. NICOL & 00., Agents. | WM. GORDON, Manager. ' RATES OF PASSAGE MONEY FROM BOMBAY. ' I g Resigived Resejrlved F1 European Deck, Na- lst ass. 1st ass. 'rst ervants tives or 32' From Bombay to One Two Class. or Second Native '5 person. persons. Class. Servants. s Calcutta Line- Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. 0%a1w83ar ................ .. 140 175 70 35 12 407 Mangalore .......... .. 160 200 30 40 15 488 Cannanorc .......... .. 180 22a 90 4 5 15 536 Calicut or Beypore. 200 250 100 50 17 637 Cochin or Narrakel. 240 300 120 60 20 - 875 Tuticorin ............. .. 340 425 160 so 30 1024 Colombo ............. . . 340 425 1 20 8 .9 30 1093 Galle .................. .. 310 425 120 72;, 50 1533 Negapatam .......... .. 400 500 220 1 10 40 1608 Pondicherry ....... .. 460 575 210 120 45 1687 Madras ............. . . 560 625 200 125 70 1961 Masulipatam ....... .. 600 750 290 145 54} 2061 Coconada ........... 640 800 320 160 53 Bimli atam an 2135 Vizggapatam .... .. 660 825 330 165 60 2606 Calcutta ............. .. 700 875 3‘0 100 100 587 Kurrachee ............. .. 200 250 100 50 15 898 Guadur .......... .. 250 500 130 65 20 Persian Gulf Line— 1087 Muscat ............. .. 250 500 160 80 25 1335 Bunder Abbas 300 600 200 100 30 1455 Linga .......... 300 600 220 110 33 1933 Bushire ............. .. 375 750 260 130 4.0 2234 Bussorah ............. .. 412 825 290 145 45 n ‘ STEAM NAVIGATION COMPANIES. 305 PENINSULAR AND ORIENTAL STEAM NAVIGATION COMPANY. ' OFFICES t—RAMPABT BOW. G. F. HENRY, Superintendent. A. Baylis, Superintending Purser. F. D. Parker, Chief Assistant. 11. B. Barnes, Suptng. Engineer. W. Newel], Dockmaster, Mazagon.j RATES OF PASSAGE MONEY FROM BOMBAY. 0 4 r. . ; P \ K. Geo.’s Snd. .111" ‘ . . I 1 na, Venice. Gibraltar. iAdl’de, Mlb’ne_ i Sydney. Port Said. Brindisi, Ance- Southampton. ] Calcutta. IPenang,Sing’re I Hongkong. 5 g, IShng’i, Yk’ma. Suez. g). ~Marriedw‘05uple; . Rs . Rs Rs Rs. Rs Reserved; .... .. 550 1350 14.101550 160016501600 ' Gentleman or LadyResewegggigleIOGOIIGO1200126011360 . . . . .. lst Class .......... .. 500 530 580 600 630 680120 200300300 420540350400440 2ndC1ass,andEu- 1 1 I | ropeanServants150 270 290 320 300 320 370 60100150 17012603101200250270 Native Servants. 35 135 145 160 150 160 185 30 503 75 85130155100125135 Deckpassengers. 50 167 40 65100100140160]... lstCl.Nativedo.150 375 00150.225.‘225§315,405,!... BATAVIA.—Fared .- 1st Class, Rs. 420; 2nd Class, Rs. 290. Passengers are tran shipped at Singapore to one of the steamers of the Netherlands India Steam Navigation Company. . and m '33 m 55: m 52! m 1 Rs Rs - @171 Aden. For Children under three years free, above 3 and under 10 years half fare. BUBATTINO STEAM NAVIGATION COMPANY. 0111110351 :—9, HUMMUM STREET. C. GRONDONA, Agent. PASSENGE Rs’ RATES. (Inclusive of all Transit Fees through the Canal.) 1st Class. 2nd Class. 3rd Class. TO a n I n a on" a n u u a s I s a s OIQOIOIO s s . a a c no. 0000's... 'd' Suez ......... ............. .. 36 ....... .. 22 m ....... .. 8 0 Port Said ................... .. 38 ....... .. 24 5 a; .... ..v. 9 F3 Messina .................. 50 ....... .. 34 'u g ....... .. 14 ... Naples ..................... 50 ...... 34 ...... 14 g Leghorn ............... 50 . ...... .. 34. a B ....... .. 14 g Genoa ..................... 50 ....... .. 34 ....... .. 14 Marseilles ............... 52 ....... .. 35 ....... .. 14-10) Children under 3 years—Free of Charge. Children not above 10 years—Half Fare. 306 ' yam [111: $611116. $151115, @5113, $1". i5 5 . And Back. - IB =' #2 ——-. 13A 8 , I a: d w 1,; Al 5 t ,‘ w m i 7116 .q) o Q; w 0 . F1101! lgéfggl & ..‘4 Eggé’g 8 u ‘ o : w o ' .gwiéml 5 5 511-55 5’ '8 . C l .a) I 5 Mg m g m a v V1 m l > ‘ . r 1R.a. R.a. R.a. R.a.-R.a. R.a.{R.a. R.a. UPPER 001.1111 STAND 11111112 1111; 0111111011 TO—‘ I '1 -j i l ' Lighthouse or Middle Colaba 10 11 0 7 0 5 O 3,;1 1 0 11 0 7 !0 5 Apollo Bunder .. .. ll ()0 110 70 4’1 81 1 0 110 6 Elphinstone Circle .. ‘1 40 150 1010 6 1 141 6 0 150 9 . Lownn (301.1111 Sum) mun r1111 CAUsn-r ’ I 1 WAY To— [ I I | Upper Colaba Stand .. ...‘-0 110 70 5 0 3,1 1 0 1110 70 5 l Lighthouse .. 00 110 70 4'1 81 1‘0 110 6 Elphinstone Circle .. 0 11 0 7,0 50 l 10 11.0 70 5 ‘ APoLLo BUNDER STAND '10— 1 l l I I ,1 Elphinstone Circle .. 0 110 7‘0 510 3 1 1 0 11,0 7 0 5 ‘ Lower Colaha or Boree Bunder . . . o 110 70 50 3'1 10 11 O 70 9 Colaba Memorial Church ...fl 0‘0 110 7.0 1 81 1‘0 110 5 Lighthouse ...Fl 9 1 40 15,0 92 51 14.1 60 14 APOLLO AND MARINE S'mnm'r Sunn— | (Allfaresfrom this Stand are the same asfrom I the Elphinstone Circle.) , ,,, . ,, u. T1111 ELPHINSTONB CIRCLE STAND orrosrrn THE MINT '10— _ Lower Colaba .. 0 11 n 70 50 3 1 1411110 70 5 '1 Middle Colaba narrowest part 1 010 1110 710 1 81 1 0 11 0 6 Colaba Memorial Church .. 1 4.0 120 9 0 5 1 14 1 30 130 8 q Lighthouse... 1 111 so 120 82 91 12 1 30 12 Dhobee Tullao, the Market Stand, or the i l ‘ l i N. I. Lines ...0 110 7‘0 50 31 10 110 70 5 Hon. J. Sunkersett’s House,Girg'aum Road“ I l I l l Pydhownee Stand, or Musjid Bunderil 010 11'0 7 O 1 8 1 1 0 11 0 6 Portuguese Church Stand, Falkland Road, ' Two Tanks, Sir J. J. Hospital, or County Gaol ...1 60 150 100 62 21 60 150 9 , Chowpatty, Gaumdevee Stand, Tardeo , Stand, the Byculla Club, the Byculla ‘ Railway Station, or Mazagon Castle 1 11 1 30 12 O 7 2 9 l 1le 3 0 11 Junction of the Nepean and Warden Roads, Kumballa Hill, Victoria Gardens, the I Mount or Mazagon Bunder 2 2 1 6,0 15 0 9'3 3 2 2‘1 6 0 l4 Malabar Hill Stand, Breach Candy Stand, ' Chinchpoogly Police Station, the Retreat, i or the Breach... ... ...2 71 1011 1.0 10.3 102 71 100 15 l FARES FOR SHIGRAMS, BUGGIES, CABS, ETC. 307 F1101: Tux ELPHINSTONB Cman STAND OPPOSITE THE MINT To—(contd.) ' Malabar Point, half-way across the Breach Candy Causeway, the Lall Baugh Stand, or the Breach Police Station Worlee Hill or Sewree Worlee Sluices or Wuddala... Mahim or Sewree Tan mes FOUNTAIN STANn, ENTRANcs or CHURCH STREET. (The fares from this Stand correspond with thosefrom the Elphinstone Circle.) RANrAnT Row, orrosITs THE MUNIcIPA _ Onions. (Fares from this Stand correspond with those from the Frere Fountain Stand.) Tm; EsrLANAnE STAND, ENTRANCE 0r BAZAAR STREET. (The fares from this Stand correspond with those from the Boree Bunder Railway Terminus)... Bonn: Burns: RAILWAY Tnnxmus STAND To— Apollo Bunder . . Gun-Carriage Agency... ; Colaba Memorial Church Lighthouse .. Hon. J. Sunkersett’s House, Girgaum Road, Cowasjee Patell Tank, Pydhow- nee, 0r Chinch Bunder Portuguese Church Stand, Falkland Road, Two Tanks, Sir J. J. Hospital, or County Chowpatty. Gaumdevee Stand, the Byculla Club, the Byculla Railway Station, or‘ i- Mazagon Castle . Junction of the Nepean and Warden Roads, Kumballa Hill, Tardeo Stand, Victoria gardens, the Mount or Mazagon Bun- er Malabar Hill Stand, Breach Cand Stand, the Breach, Retreat, or Chine p00eg Police Station Malabar Point, midway across the Breach Candy Causeway, the Lall Baugh Stand, or the Breach Police Station Nl-‘t—lo Shigrams (two Horses ) Worlee Hill, Naigaum, or Sewree... 20 5-; OQQH FHOO 0 NI— Shigrams (one Horse). H OlQr-sfi 11 ‘0 15 Buggies. Shigrams (two Horses). Bullock Carts. . R.a.lR.a. R.a. 660 o O Q101an And 13551;" Shigrams (one Horse). 5' 9° w gs Q‘i-WN p-l (-5 meo: NLQNr-J Hr— r—r-AQO bi OH-H-‘Q OOOO O 011 pa topaz)“:- Mr-Ir-sr— 0 15‘ 5-1 $l-‘QN mecca“ 011 014 015 308 . MACLEAN’S 9111011 To BOMBAY. o lo . ‘A1111Back._ £5 “1 -—.——*—.— 3243- 5 g '5 ,1 g ’1), ’8 p O m we: . Fnou 222.1133 5" ,3 52513 g 8 =3 e 53,6 '5 .. 5211 55m .3 .2 .8 a, go 8 o v—1 5 5 s 3 53 56, e 5 V q . l R a. Re. R a. Ra. Ra. .R.a.‘R.a. R a. BOBBB BUNBBB RAILWAY Tnnmxus S'rmn TO—(Conth Worlee Sluices, or Matoonga ... ..4 12101 111 26 14 02 91 11 MahimorSion . ...5 5 8-2 51 7156 43 82 0 DHOBEE TULLAO STAND '10- Elphinstone Circle, Portuguese Church Stand, 0r Chinch Bunder Chowpatty, the Gaumdevee Stand, J. J. Hospital, or County Gaol __ .. 1 00 11 0 70 1 81 1 0 110 Junction of the Nepean and WardenRoads, Kumballa Hill, Tardeo Stand, B culla Club, Byculla Railway Station,or aza- gon Castle .. Malabar Hill Stand, the Retreat, the Breach Victoria Gardens, MazagonBunder, or Breach Candy Stand Malabar Point, half-way across the Breach Candy Causeway, the Lall Baugh Stand, 1 60150100 62 21 60150 9 1111 30120 72 91121 3011 or the Breach Police Stand 2 2 1 60 150 9‘3 3 2 21 6 0 14 Worlee Hill or Sewree ... 2 13i1 141 4‘0 12.14 32 1311 141 2 Worlee Sluices or Wuddala 3 8r2 5 1 9,0 15,5 4- 3 82 5 1 7 Mahim 0r Sion... ...4 153 42 3‘1 57 64 153 42 0 MARKET 81117111 To— Elphinstone Circle, Thackoordwar Temple, Sir J. J. Hospital, or County Gaol 0 11 (J 70 6‘0 3 1 1 0 110 7 0 6 The Portuguese Church Stand ... 1 0 O 11 0 7 0 4 l 8 1 l 0 11 O 6 PYDHOWNEE STAND TO— Boree Bunder Railway Terminus, the Cross Apollo Road, Portuguese Church Stand, the Grant Road Theatre, the J. J. Dhurrumsalla, the Byculla Syna- gogue, or the Mazagon Police Court 0 11 O 7 0 50 3 1 1 0 11 0 7 0 5 El hinstone Circle, Cho atty, Gaum- evee Stand, Tardeo, the ictoria Gar- dens, or Mazagon Bunder... 1 00 110 70 41 8 1 1 0 11 0 6 Junction of the Warden and Nepean Roads, Kumballa, Chinchpoogly Police Station, or the Breach Candy Stand 1 60 15 0 100 62 2 1 60 15 0 9 Malabar Hill Stand, the Retreat, the Breach, the middle of the Breach Candy Causeway, or the Lall Baugh Stand 1 11 1 30 12,0 782 10 1 12 1 3 0 11 Love Grove or Malabar Point 2 2‘1 6‘0 150 93 32 2‘1 610 14 Sewree or Worlee Hill... 2 8,1 11|1 30 113 122 91 1211 1 Worlee Sluices or Wuddala... ...3 212 2:1 60 11,41 43 3.2 21 5 81511 or Mahim ...,4 93 1'2 011 36 134. 93 1 1 13 e 1 The fares to other places are the same as from the Dhobee Tullao Stand. 0 t.’ ~ .5. uses ron smemma, sueems, cuss, ETC. 309 inflame 1 ' o o ,5 And Back. -- - -~~--- c t B e 1: .,——-~ 5!. " '~ - items a Ag frlfl'Iigingou g g aglgg.$‘o ‘3 “'3‘ ill ‘ “3° 565‘ = e Emits: 52 M ‘ '“ '7'; EMILE! m 5 5015315 3 \ V] l \Qw ; l l l l l :‘ 61:2; R.a.R.a.R.a.R.a.R.a.R.a.BJ- Tm: Tun“ STAND NEAR'Prnnowmm. (The fares from this Stand are the same as from Pydhownee)" _ on 00 00 '~ ... -. H. on ocu .- H. 000 Tux SIR J. J. HOSPITAL STAND To— Small Portuguese Church, Mazagon, the Mechanics’ Buildings, the Byculla. Club, the Portuguese Church Stand,l '“Agiary Lane, Girgaum Road, the! Market Stand, or Carnac Bunder O 110 70 50 3 1 10 110 (The fares to other places are the same as from Tzoo Tanks Stand.) .. .. .. ELPHINSTONB IBUHDER Rom mun THB‘ MAZAGON Pomcs OFFICE. (Fares from this Stand correspond with thosef-rom the bir J. J. Hospital Stand.) .. ... ... Two mes STAND To— v . Victoria Gardens, Mazagon Castle, Tardeo, Gaumdevee Stand, Portuguese Church a Stand, the Hon. J. Sunkersett’s House, 1; Girgaum Road, Gyewadee, Fish Mar-1 , ket, or Musjid Bunder ...0 110 70 50 3'1 10 110 70 5 _-;A 0110 Road near the Cross, the Borco 4.. under Terminus, Chowpatty, the junc- tion of the Nepean and Warden Roads, 1 Breach Candy Stand, Lall Baugh Stand, ‘1 O O! nu on. 0" col III on non lol .0 or Mazagon Bunder... 1 00 110 70 41 81 10 110 6 The Breach, the Retreat, half-way across‘ ‘ 1, the Breach Causeway, or Elphinstonc , Circle 1 60 15,0100 62 2 1 60 150 9 Malabar Hill Stand, or Love Grove 1 11 1 3‘0 120 7 2 9,1 12 1 3‘0 11 “Malabar Point, Worlee Hill, or Sewree 2 2 1 60 15:0 9 3 3 2 2 1 6,0 14 Worlee Sluices or Waddala ...,2 13 1 14 1 40 124 32 13 1 14, l 2 Mahim or Sion ...4 32 131 141 26 5‘4 32 131 11 Brown RAILWAY STATION STAND To— Chinchpoogly Police Station, Mazagon “ Small Portuguese Church, Byculla Club, (. Erskine Road, orCounty Gaol ...0110 70 50 31 10 110 70 5 LOWJee Castle, the Breach Candy Stand, the Gaumdevee Stand, the Portuguese Church Stand, Wittul Wadee, Carnac or Mazagon Bunder 1 00 11 0 70 l 81 1011 0 6 Parell Tank, the Breach Vellard, the Junction of the Ncpean and Warden 1gp Roads, Dhobcc Tullao, or Boree Bunder Railway Terminus 1 60 150 100 1 6° 15° 9 o: N NJ 810 MAOLEAN’s GUIDE To BOMBAY. FRO! And Back. (two orses) - Shigrams (one Shi grams (one Horse) . Buggies. Horse) . Bullock Carts. Buggies. Shi ams (W0. gorges) Bullock Carts. BYOUDLARAILWAY STATION STAND TO—(Contd) Love Grove, the Retreat, Chowpatty, Sewree, Naigaum, 0r Elphinstone "Circle Worlee Sluices or Wuddala Mahim or Sion 'VIOTODIA ROAD NEAR ALBION PLACE—- (Fares from this Stand correspond with those . R.a.'R.a. Ra. R.a. 9 IQ midi-A H QM“ HCQ H HHQ Q Q¢<° wNDH -- H NtON) NH" \1002 a-u-lo 90H 9‘ pm from the Byculta Station Stand.) .. 00 .. PORTUGUESE CHURCH STAND To— Junction of the Warden and Nepean ---R0ads, Kumballa Hill, Tardeo, the J. J. Hospital, P dhownee, or Dhobee Tullao. Malabar Hi1 Stand, the Retreat, the Breach, Breach Candy Stand, Byculla Railway Station, Mazagon Castle, or Boree Bunder... .. . Malabar Point, half-way across the Breach Vellard, the ,Victoria Gardens, Mazagon Bunder, or Elphinstone Circle. Love Grove, or the Lall Baugh Stan Worlee Sluices or Parell .. Sewree Mahim or Sion THE GRANT ROAD STATION STAND To— The Retreat, the Breach Police Station, the Breach Candy Stand, Thakoordwar Temple, the Byculla Club, the Two Tanks, or Cowasjee Patell Tank... Malabar Hill Stand, Dhobee Tullao, the Market Stand, Chinch Bunder or the Byculla Railway Station Malabar Point, Mama Hajanee, the Vic- toria Gardens, Mazagon Castle or Boree Bunder Railway Terminus Lall Baugh Stand, Tank Bunder, Elphin- stone Circle, or Mazagon Bunder .. Parell Worlee or Sewree Mahim by the Breach Causeway Sion Tim MAZAGON BUNDER STAND To— Mazagon Police Court Mnsjid Bunder, Byculla Railway Station, ¥ict£ria Gardens, Pydhownee, or Two? an s "0 DO. '1. IO. bNNH-H-s I-I— H HWQHQ Ole O iv.“ Q$“NQ H Mm torn-FOO ~o6o‘o Hi-l HQQ Qawwze owoqu QwN—M “— “we? whit-duo HH #quw'v' Navel—QC QMOv-Afi OI on null '7‘0 mans FOR smeaams, BUGGIES, (3111s, are. 311 W ,Ta._ 0 Q I . And Back. ' k Q g ___‘ __ . :3, 8 . ' A ' ' " 2. QEwA--8.8°°§°°Esg -‘- F1101: ggflgIE-gis. 535555) 0 ' .“ a 12-. :3 gm .5 § £51.51“ 22 5 ' S. '1‘ E '5 '3 5 o'E 8 ,5 2 1 15 J m m pg 025 m8 3 -—-1" 5 :~—-—. .1 Ra. Ra. R.a.»B.a. R.a R a R.a.iR.a\ T1111 Manson BUNDBR STAND TO—(sztd.) I Lall Baugh Stand, Portuguese Church I Stand, Tardeo Stand, Chunam Kiln, I Grant Road, Thakoordwar Temple org I I Fish Market ‘... ‘ I1 60 1510 100 62 21 60150 9 Parell Tank, Breach Candy Stand, Chow-T I I filmy, Dhobee Tullao, or Boree BunderI1 ilwa Terminus . .. 11 1 30 120 7 2 91 121 30 11 Sewree, aigaum, the Breach, the Re-, I ‘ I treat, or Elphinstone Circle ...2 21 6'0 150 93 32 2 1 60 14 Love Grove Sluices or Malabar Point 1311 141 40 124 32 1311 141 2 Mahim or Sion 4 3‘2 13 1 141 26 54 32 13 1 1]. Tan Tannxo STAND To— ’ Junction of the Nepean and Warden Roads, Kumballa, Chowpatty, Portu- guese Church Stand, the Two Tanks, the House of Correction, the Breach or half-way across the Breach Candy ‘ Causeway .3. . ...0110 70 5.0 31 101110 70 5 The Retreat, the Hon. J. Sunkersett’s House, Girgaum Road, Pydhownee, Mazagon Castle or Victoria Gardens 1 00 1110 70 41 81 10 110 6 Malabar Hill Stand, Dhobee 'l‘ullao, Carnac Bunder, Mazagon Bunder, orI Lall Baugh Malabar Point, Elphinstone Circle, Lowjee; Castle, Love Grove Sluices, or Boree‘ 1 60150100 62 211 60150 a “ Bunder Railway Terminus... 11 1 310 120 7’2 9 1 1211 8,0 11 “Sewree or Wuddala .. ..12 7‘1 101 10 11,3102 721 101 0 Mahim by the Breach Causeway ..13 22 251 60 144 113 3‘2 2 1 5 Sion .. 4 63 1'2 01 46 134 0,3 11 14 T1111 MALABAR HILL STAND To-—- I I I I Chowpatty, or the Retreat ....0 110 70 50 31 10 110 70 5 Gaumdevee Stand, Portuguese ChurchI I I I Stand, or the Breach Police Station .. 1 00 1| 0 70 4 1 8 1 1 0 11 0 6 Thakoordwar Temple, Breach Candy, or I I I I Tardeo Stand... 1 6‘0 150 100 62 21 60150 9 Dhobee Tullao, Pydhownee, the J. J Hospital, or half-way 'across the Breach, I Candy Causeway 1 11 1 30 120 72 91 121 30 11 Boree Bunder Railway Terminus, the . Small Portu ese Church, Mazagon,I the Victoria ardens, or Mama Haja-I . nee ...2 21 60 150 93 32 21 60 14 ' Strangers’ Lines, Elphinstone Circle, or‘ I I I Sumbhoo Mahadeo Pakaree ...‘2 7‘1 101 10 113 102 7 1 1011 9 o 312 MACLEAN'S GUIDE TO BOMBAY. o 9 . And Back. 5 5 .51-“,- i’ié.:’é 3 5" 0015‘ 51?. . *2 Fnou 859%? '31 .2 851765” .3 8 7-1 o m o d O 03 o '80 ‘ ER “m 8 ° 5291 5F 55 "4 III 50 m i ... . 5 8 .3 IE 4“ o 3 ‘3 In m TD m m k I”2 o a l 1i] -' in I I | I I ' Ra. Ra. Ra R a. R.a R a R a.'R.a. T1111 MALABAB HILL Sum: TO—(Contd.) I I I I I Lall Baugh Stand .. 2 13.1 141 40 1224 32 13 1 14I1 2 Parell Tank 3 82 51 9‘0 15,5 43 82 511 7 Wuddala, .. 4 32 131 141 2’6 54 32 13il 11 Sion or Mahim 5 4a 82 5'1 87 14.5 4.3 82 4 T111: BREACH CANDY STAND '10-— Love Grove, the junction of the Nepean I and Warden Roads, Gaumdevee, or the Byculla Club ...0 110 70 50 31 10 110 70 5 Sumlioo Mahadeo, the Retreat, Chow- I patty, Portuguese Church Stand, By- I culla Railway Station, or Two Tanks 1 00 11 0 7 0 4 1 81 1 O 110 6 Mathar Packaree, Worlee Hill, the Mala-' ‘ bar Hill Stand, Thakoordwar Temple, Pydhownee, the County Gaol, Mazagon Castle, or Victoria Gardens .. ...‘1 60 150 100 62 21 60 150 9 Worlee Sluices, Dhobee Tallao, Musjid; Bunder, Mazagon Bunder, or Lall BaughStand... .. ...1111 30120 2 91121 3011 Boree Bunder Railway Terminus, or the! I I I Apollo Road near the Cross 2 2 1 60 150 93 312 2 1 6‘0 14 El 2.1531555 Circle, Strangers’ Lines, or, I l I I barell Tank ...2 7,1 101 10 1 ' 102 71 101 0 Wuddala or Sewree ...3 22 21 60 144113 32 21 5 Mahim by the Breach Causeway 2 13 1 14 1 40 12-4 3 2 13 1 141 2 Sion .. ...I4 153 4.2 311 57 6‘4 153 42 o T1111 LALL Bacon STAND TO— I I I I Parell Tank, or Victoria Gardens... ... 0 11 0 70 5,0 31 1‘0 110 710 5 Naigaum, or the J J. Hospital ....1 00 110 70 1 81 10 110 6 Wuddala, Sewree, Worlee Sluices, Tardeo, the Nawab’s Mosque, Bhendy Bazaar, the Chinch Bunder, or the Mazagon Bunder... . .. 1 60 150 100 62 21 60 150 9 Matoonga, Worlee, Breach Candy Stand, I Gaumdevee Stand, Portuguese Church Stand, Pydhownee, or Musjid Bunder...;1 111 30 120 2 9.1 121 3‘0 11 Chowpatty or Dhobee Tullao ....2 21 6015.0 9-3 82 21 60 14 Boree Bunder Railway Terminus ...I2 71 101 1‘0 113 102 7‘1 101 0 Mahim, the El hinstone Circle, Strangers’I I I I Lines, or Ma abar Hill Stand 2 13 1 141 40 12,4 32 131 141 2 Malabar Point or Sion. ...‘3 22 21 60 14'4 113 32 2I1 5 The whole day from sunriseto sunset ...‘11 4‘7 8‘5 0'3 0' . I Any of the abovementionod conveyances detained by the hirer, sl all be aid for as follows :---11 annas for a 8111ng with two Horses, 7 annas for a ab. RATES 01' BOAT FARES FOR BOMBAY HARBOUR. or Shigram with one Horse, 5 annas for a Buggy, and 3 annas for a Bullock or Labour Cart for each hour of detention. For any distance not included in the above, the fare shall be fixed according to the following rules :—11 annas for a Shigram with two Horses, 7 annas for a Cab or Shigram with one Horse, 5 annas for a buggy, and 3 annas for a Bullock or Labour Cart for every mile or fraction of a mile over and above any number of miles completed. SCALE OF PALANQUIN FARES. For any distance not exceeding four miles, the same fare as for a Buggy, with four annas for each hour‘s detention. The whole day, from sunrise to sunset, Rs. 2-8. For any distance exceeding four miles, the same fare as for a (‘ab, with six annas for each hour’s detention. The whole day, from sunrise to sunset, Rs. 3-8. Conveyances discharged between any two of the above fares to pay the higher fare; for instance, a Bug taken from Lall Baugh Stand to between Malabar Hill Stand and Malabar oint will be paid Rs. 1-2. RATES OF TRAMWAY PARES. H'ith four Hamals.{ IVith six Hamals { COLABA to L 1._ BOREE BUNDER to L 1,_ Municipal Office, Elphinstone Circle, Market and vice versa ................... .. 0 6 or Boree Bunder, and vice versa . 1 0 Money School, or Mombadevi, and Money School or Market (10. 1 6 vice versa ............................... .. 9 Pydhownie and vice varsa ............. .. 2 0 Pydhownie and vice versa .......... .. 1 0 Beyond Pydhownie and vice versa 3 0 Bellasis Road and vice versa .......... .. 1 6 & vice versa." 2 0 Mone School, Market, or Py ow- nie,y and vice versa .................. .. 1 0 MARKET or M_ONEY SCHOOL to Beyond Pydhownie and vice versa... 2 0 Pydhovvnie and vice _versa .......... .. 0 9 ELPHINSTONE CIRCLE to 22222 2 Market and vice versa ................... .. 0 9 ' Money School, or Pydhownie, and PYDHOWNIE to vice versa .................................. .. 1 0 _ Beyond Pydhownie and vice versa, 2 ()l Byculla and vice UBTSG ....... "nu"... 1 0 RATES OF BOAT FARES FOR BOMBAY HARBOUR BOATS LICENSED UNDER ACT VI. OF 1863. FAIR SEASON. MONSOON. JOLLY BOATs. — ' Crew 5 men. Crew 5 men. Rs. A. Rs. A. In Harbour per day ...... ......... ....... ..... .. 1 8 2 8 Half a day under 6 hours ................................ .. 1 0 1 4 Trip to a ship in the Harbour, & there discharged. 0 6 0 10 Trip 0f 2 hours .............. .................... .. 0 12 1 0 Every additional 0 3. 0 4 Trip to avessel below the Middle Ground. 0 141 1 4 Ditto and back .... 1 2 1 10 a 814 MACLEAN'S euros 'ro BOMBAY. BUNDER BOATS. Fun Smson. Monsoon. Season Limits—Fair Season ' | from In October to 318: ofgw Cfiw 01:“ crgw 011%“, ngw 01;“, Cr7ew May; Monsoon from lst men men mzm m Junetoawh Sept'mben . . . en. men.lmen. men. men. Rs. A. Rs. A. Rs. rlns. 3.. Rs. A. Rs. lle. A. Rs. A. Trip toPanwellorTanna...‘ 9 0 8 0 7 0‘ 6 0 12 0 0 0 9 0 8 0 Ditto ColsettBunder .... 11 0 10 0 9 0 8 0 l4 0 2 0 1| 0 10 0 Ditto Bhewndy, Bassein,i or Nagotna. ....... .. 0 12 0 11 0 10 01 15 0 13 0: 12 0 11 0 Ditto Lie hanta. or Butcher’ssland ...... ..60604030t80706060 Ditto on board of a ship, in Harbour, and dis-1 chargedwithin4hours.. 3 8 3 0 2 8 2 fl 5 0 4 8 3 8 3 0 Ditto ditto2hours .... .. 212 2 4 112 1 3 8 8 O 2 8 2 4 Ditto on board of a. ship belowtheMiddieGround. 6 0 5 0 4 0 3 0| 7 0 6 0 5 0 4 If detained for more than 4 hours until the hire comes toadaycharge,perhour.. 0 8 0 6 0 5 0 4 010I 0 8i 0 6 0 6 Perday ...... ..... ...... .. 60 50 40lsoi70'eojso 4o #7 853:3. Monsoon. DINGHIES. Crew'l Crew4 men. men. Rs. A. Rs. A. In Harbonrperday ......... ................................... .. 2 0 3 0 Halfaday under6 hours ............................................... .. 1 0 1 8 Trip to a ship inthe Harbour, and there discharged ....... .. 0 8 1 0 Trip of2 hours ................. ...................................... .. 0 10 1 0 Every additional hour . ...................................... .. 0 2 0 3 Trip to a. vessel below the Middle Ground ............ .......... .. 0 16 1 4 Ditto and back ......... ............................ .................. .. l ( 2 0 Crew! Crew2 BUMBOOKS AND TONIES men. mom Rs. A Rs. A. Trip Had'bour........."...-"..."...nun...“...n 0 z 0 5 . - o o o o no In. eon-onooooooeonIOOooo noon o o n u Q - .00. o a u | o 00 0 I 0 8 u...o0'0one...0.000.000.0000.nannies...IlOeuooclouooooOcoiiooooooolboooo 1 ‘ 1 4 PART II. BOMBAY DIRECTORY. Bombay Directory. CONTENTS. PAGE PAGI GOVERNMENT or BOMBAY .. .. .. .. .. 25 MARINE DEPARTMENT .. . . . . . . . . . 32 Additional Members of Council of Dock Master’s Oflice .. .. .. .. 32 H. E. the Governor.. . . .. . . .. .. 25 Master Atten‘dant‘s Oflice .. .. .. 32 Personal Staff of H. E. the Go- Marine Storekeeper’s Office .. . . 32 vernor........................ 25 ‘FINANcIAI. DEPARTMENT . . . . . . . . .. 33 Secretaries, Under-Secretaries, Accountant General’s Oflice .. .. 33 &c., tH G0vernment.. .. .. .. 26 Money Order Office ...... .. .. .. 33 Translators to Government . . . . . . 26 Paper Currency Oflice .. .. . . . . .. 33 POLITICAL DEPARTMENT . . . . . . . . . . .. 27 Stamp and 311315101191? Office ~ ‘3 33 Aden 27 Mmt'MaSter's and M11"? Engl' Akalkot 27 neer’s‘omce--'--~---------~- 33 Baroda 27 AssayMaSter'SOifice 33 Colaba.............................. 27 LAND'RWBNUF DEPARTMENT~~~ 33 Cutch .. .. .. .. .. 27 31011011 Flaws DEPARTMENT -- -- '36 Frontier OfU er Sind_ ' H“ 27 UDIcIAI. EPARTMENT .. . . .. .. . . .. 34 Kattyawar..?g................. 27 HighCOUI‘tOfBombay-~~------- 34 Kolapore .. .. .. .. . . . . .. .. .. . . .. 27 Gwernment Law-Officers - - - - - - -- 34 Mahi Kanta .................. .. 27 Officers of the High Court—Ori- Palunpore'hh..'_.......‘.._'.‘. glnaISIde...............-.... Poona .... .. . . .. .. . . . . 27 Transmwrs and Interpreters -- -- 34 Rewa Kama _ _ H _ _ __ .___ __ 27 Ofl‘icers and Translators of the “Sangli .. 2s Appellate Side~ -- -- -- -- -- 35 .Sawnant Warree .. .. . . .. .. .. 28 BUmbay 51115111081136 CQIII't -- -- 35 28 RRGIsTaATION DEPARTMENT 35 s. M_ Country n n H __ __ H H __ H 28 Inspector-General‘s Office .. . . .. 35 Surat .. .. . .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .. 26 Special and Sub-Registrar’s ThurandParkur 28 Office 35 Foreign Consuls at Bombay .. 28 EDUCATIONAL DEPARTMENT.. . . .. .. 35 UBLIC W KS M E T __ H Elphinstone College .. . .. . . .. .. 35 PhissssZRa-sggfi‘ ..i‘. .1. . fig Elphinswie Hish School ------ -- 35 Railway Branch H H __ __ __ n _ 2.; School of Art and Industry.. .. .. 35 Architectmal Branch “ _ _’__ _____ 28 Grant Medical C lleeze .. .. .. 36 M A 29 European General Hospital .. .. 36 g‘ITARY PPOINTMENTS '*" " Mis0ellane‘ us . . .. .. . . . . 36 ersonal rtafi‘ of H. E. the Com- mander_in,cmef H __ __ ____ H H 29 ECCLESIASTIC'AL EsTARLIsnMRNT .. 37 Adjutant General’s Office . . . . . . .. 29 Chum? OfE'W-fland" -- ~~ -- -- -- -- 37 Quarter_M aster Generaps Office _ I 29 Established Church Of Seotland . 37 JudgeAdvncate Generalis Office“ 29 Church Of Rome .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 Brigadier-Generals Office . . . . .. 29 CUSTOMS DEPARTMENT . . .. .. .. .. .. 37 Colaba Depét and Sanitarium . . 29 Preventive Service .. .. .. . . . . . . .. 37 Ordnance Department . . .. .. .. .. 29 Salt Department . .. .. .. .. .. .. 37 Commissariat Department .. .. 29 Rates of Duty to be charged for Military Pay Office. . . . . .. . . 30 Passengers’ Baggage .. .. .. .. .. 37 Medical Establishment . . . . . . . . . . 30 Rules for Personal Baggage .. .. . . 37 Miscellaneous 30 ImportTariff 38 Distribution of the Bombay Army. 30 Export Tarifi‘.. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . .. .. 50 A. --2:— --___,_____ PAGI Customs Bonded Warehouse . . .. Table of Rates for Storing, and Delivering, and Rent . . . . . . . . Bombay Port Trust . . Scale of Landing, Wharfage Charges, &0. .. .. .. .. .. Tonnage Fees on Boats, Basin Rent, 8: MiscellaneousCharges Shipping. and Cranage CranageFees Port Trust Apollo Bonded Ware- house Table of Rates for Duty-paid Goods The New Colaba Company, Implaort and Ex rt Fees 0 rged at the hur and Victoria Bunders.. .. .. .. .. .. CranageFees . . . . . . Sassoon Dock, Colaba . . . . . . .. .. ImportRates . . . . . ...... Export Rates. .. .. .. . . annmi. Posr OFFICE .. .. .. .. .. .. Table showing the dates of the Departure 01’ the Overland Mails during Fair Season and Moonson .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Postage b the Brindisi Route . . Do. 0. Southampton Route. Table showin the dates of the Departure 0 China Mails, &c., during Fair Season and. Men- Soon .. u .5 u u u \\\'.H Table showing the Departure of Australian Mails.. .. .. .. .. .. ., Departure of Kurraehee Mails . . Departure of Persian Gulf Mails. Table showing the hours for closing the Inland Mails .. .. . . Table showing the Rates of Post- age for prepaid Inland Letters. Postage Duties chargeable upon Lotters and other Articles sent through the Post from any part of British India to any country belonging to the General PostalUnion..... . . . . . . . . . . Do. do. Foreign Countries . . Overland Parcel Post . . . . . . . . .. Excnnmn 11m Ovnsuxn Mon! 011mm TABLE .. .. .. .. .. .. .. INDIAN MONBYTABLB .. .. .. .. .. .. FOREIGN Coma, wrm Coxuu'rxvn VALUES 181mm Sum» Tum; on Pnoms- sonr Norss on Bums or E!- IIOOOOIIICOOIOIIQI ...... 51 61 53 63 59 61 61 61 63 63 64 65 65 75 78 78 79 79 8E8 oo oo 92 Q N 93 HACLEAN’S ovum T0 110111311. Finn Sum Denim. .. .. .. .. .. Discocnr TABLE (English Money)... Do. do. (Indian Money). Tnmzonun Dunn-111mm. . . . . . . . . . Government ofIndia Telegraph. Rate of Inland Telegraph Charges Abstract Tariff for Foreign Mes- sage . Mnmmmmrr or Bounnr . . . . . . .. Members of Town Council . . .. .. Members of Corporation . . . . .. . . Chief Officers .. . . . House, Lighting and Police Rates HorseandWheelTax ......... WaterRate Halalcore Cess.................. Town Duties for 1877............ Police Commissioner’s Ofice .. . . FireBfigade.................... PoliceCourts.................... Bombay J ail—Hons- of Correc- tion Coroner’s Oifice MERCANTILB Drucronr— BOMBAY Cnumn or Connor; .. l Lmnnm Msscmrnm Finns m 8 Boris.“ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 101 Europeans .................... . . 101 Natives ...................... . . 106 Banks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108 Four Snsnr Omen Dmnc'ronr. . . . 110 Gunman. Srnsr DIRECTORY or EUROPEAN Insurrst .. .. . . . . . . 119 Ixscnmnnxors PBOFBBSIOKS an Tunne— Actuary and Becoverer of Insur- ance Claims .. .. 131 Agents.. .. 131 Architects, Builders, and Civil Engineers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 131 Attorneys,Solicitors,and. Proctors 131 Auctioneers and Commission Bale Rooms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...... . . 132 Average-stators .. .. .. 132 Barristers-at-Law .. .. 132 Book-sellers .. 132 Boot and Shoe-makers . .. . . . . . . . 133 Card and CO per-plate Printers. . 133 Chemists an Druggists 183 Churches and Chapels .... . . . . . . 133 Coach-builders ............ . . . . . . 133 Coal Brokers . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . 133 Commission Stables . . . . . . .... . . 138 Cotton and Produce Agents . . . . 133 Dentists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183 Drapers and Silk-mercezrs . . . . . . 133 IIOOOOOOOOOOOOIUOQOOII 133 Dubashes A ¢_'1 J‘Il __ ,, All CONTETS. 1! no: no! Engravers on Wood 134 Plumbers 137 Exchan e Brokers ...... . . . . . . . . 134 Public Accountants . . . . . . . . . . . . 137 Freight rokers .............. . . 134 Portrait Painters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137 Furniture Dealers ...... 134 Printers ...................... .. 137 Gun-Smiths . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 134 Beagimental Agents . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 137 Hair-dressers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131 S dlers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137 Landin and Shipping Companies 134 Ship Chandlers and Ironmongers. 137 Horse ealers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134 Ship Insurance Brokers . . . . . . . . 137 Hotels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134 Shipping Agents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138 House Agents ....... ...... .. 135 Sign-board Painters .......... .. 138 Ice-Confectioners ............ . . 135 Surgeons, &c. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 188 Insurance Offices . . . . ........ . . 135 Surveyor and Draughtsman . . . . 138 Ironmongers, Founders, &c.. . . . . . 136 Tailors and Outfitters ........ .. 138 Jewellers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....... .. 136 Tea Depots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139 Livery Stable-keepers ........ . . 136 Tobacco and Cheroot Depots .. .. 139 Marine Surveyors ............ .. 136 Undertakers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139 Mess Agents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . 136 Vakils of the High Court . . . . . . . . 139 Milliners and Dress-makers . . . . 186 Veterinary Surgeons . . . . .. .... . . 139 Musical Instrument Dealers .. .. 136 Watch-makers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139 Opticians . . . . . . .' . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. 136 Photographers Wine and Provision Merchants . . 189 Porno Orrrcns AND Unanimous“ 140 INDEX TO NAMES. Abs. Ramsett, 115. Ahajee Bulwant Bhisey, a. l D. Abbas Shumshoodeen Tyabjee, 114, 132. Abercrombie, A., 119. Abraham, 5., 105. Adam, J ., 180. Adams, W.,34, 110. Ahmed Lucka, Y., 139. Aitchjson, Brig.-Genl. C. ., . Aitken, E. H., 37. Aldridge, J. F., 101. Aldridge, Salmon 00., 100, 101, 118. Alexander, R.., 121. Alexander, T., 124. Allan, A., 110, 138. Alli Abdoola, 134. Allingham, W., 121. Ambaram Kevulram, 138. Andeen, W., 123. Anderson, Lt. H. B. LeG., 25. Anderson, Burg. J ., 36. Anderson and Co., 101, I ll. Anderson, S.W., 101, 121. Anderson, HonCol.W.C., 25, 28. Anderson, J. E., 122. Andrade, A. P., 138. Angus, R., 101. Angus, Son and 00., 101, 5 Anna M. Knnte, Asst. Surg., 36. Annunciation, W. F., 139. Antone, D., 133. Anunta Chindroba,Asst.— Surg., 38. Arbuthnot, F. F., 33, 98. Ardagh, A., 123. Ardaseer Bomanjee Hor- musjee Wadia, 113. Ardaseer Brothers, 116. Ardaseer Burjorjee and 60., 111. Ardaseer Byramjee, 116. and Ardaseer Cursetjee Dady and Co., 111. Ardaseer Framjee loos, 98, 106, 115. Ardaseer fiamjee, 110, 131. Ardaseer Hormusjee Chi- noy, 6. Arldaseer J amsetjee, 114, 39. Ardaseer J amsetj ee, 138. Ardaseer MerwanjeeSett, 98. Ardaseer Nowrojee, 118. ArdeshirB. Kapadia, 132. Ardisheer and 00., 118. Arnott, Surg. J., 36. Arnott, W., 119. Arratoon, J ., 122. Arthur, A., 126. Asllggr, Surg.-Maj. J. G., Ashley, A. E., 101. Asquith and 00., 118, 138. Asquith, F., 128. Atherton, G., 105, 119. Atkins, Surg.-Maj.H.,27. B. P., and C Atkins, F. '1‘., 128. Atkinson, Hon. G., 34, 110, 124, 132. Atmaram Balkrishna, 35. Atmararn J aganath Kir- tikar, 139. AtmaramPandoorang,98. Atmaram Pundoorung, 138. Atmaram Sagoon and 00., 132. Atmaram Trimbuck, 35. B Babington, Capt. S., 126. Babu Rajaninath R0y,83. Badham and 00., 118, 138. Badurjee B. 0.,112. Bahironath Mungesh, 139. Baker, W., 109. Bal Bhasker, 85. Bala Mangesh Waglé,132. Balfour, IL, 109. 122. Ballajee Pandoorang, 34. Balcrishna. V. N. Kir- tikar, 116, 181. Balcrustna Succaram, 188. Ballard, Col. J. A., 33. Banks, Burg. S. O'B.,27. Banks, 0., 127. Bapty, E., 122. Bapty, J ., 98. Barnett, G. A., 130. Barrett, A., 35. Barrett, J. J., 128. Ban-0w, H. W., 98. W., 28. Barten, Lt. -Col. L. G., 27. Barton, E. L., 128. Bates,E.,and 00., 100, 101, 113. Bates, E., 101. Bates, E. P., 101. Bates, G. T., 101. Bather, W., 121. Battye, Lt.-COl. G. M., 78. Baumbach, J. A., 104. Baumbach, R., 104. Bangy, Hon. L. H., 34, l . Bayley, E. A., 129. Bayly, Lt.-Col. A. A., 29. Beauclerk, Lt. F., 28, 124. Beaumont, T. L .,1 . Bechurdas Ambaidas, Hon. Rae Bahadoor, c.s.r., 25, 106. Becks, Capt. J., 124, Beese, G., 123. Bell, J. T., 101. Bell, Brandenburg and 00., 100, 101, 113. x" MAOLEAN’s GUIDE TO BOMBAY. Bell, W., 123. Bomanjee Framjee Cams, Bulkley, Capt. H. T.,l23. Bell, R., 109, 128,129. 112. B1 , ., H., 124. Bellow, Surg.-Maj. P. F., Bomanjee Jeejeebhoy's Burgess, J., 36. ' 8 121 Sons, 112. Burjorjee DorabJee, 138. Bellow, V. F., 119. Benn, Ashley and 00., 100, 101, 113. Benn and Baker, 134. Ben, C. E., 101, 120. Bennett and 00.,114, 11B, 132. Bentley, F. W., 122. Berger, 0., 124. Best and Morrison, 134. Best, W. J., 118, 129. Bevis, J., 101. Beyts, c. A., 104, 125. Bayztis, J. N. 0., 26, 82, Bhicajee Ami-001., Asst. Surg., . Bhileloo Samba and 00., Bhimjee Girdhur, 106. Bhugwandas M11an- hundas, 116, 131. Bhilggwandas Purshotum- s, 98. Bickerdike, R. E., 100, 103, 125. Bickel, J., 121, Bicknell, H., 115, 119,131. Bingham, J ., 124. Birch, John , 120. Birch, L. H., 101, 120. Black, D., 123. Blackwell, J., 116. Blackwell, 128. Blacskhall, W. S. 1)., 108, 12 . Blackmore, Capt, F., Blm' lsas' Mad E 11110 urg.- '. . J. 36 1’30 ' Blanchard, s. L., 130. Blaziley,3'g., 341, 97, 98, 99, 1 . 1111186116011, A.,123. Blitlseheck, 11., and 00., 6. Blomfield, S .-Ma'. A.M., 27. mg J Blfzxgers, Lt—Col. W. 11., Blytb, F., 120. Bod%er, J. E., 101, 119. Bog e, A., 106. Bolton and. 00., 111, 136. Bomanjee Maneekjee Punthukee, 106. Bomanjee Nusserwanjee, 139. Bommijee Pestonjee Mas- te 9S 1', . Bond, F. W., 129. Boorer, W., 99. th, T. R., 101, 111, 127. 138. Booth and 00.,101. Borges, J., 139. Borueman, E., 123. Bounev-lalle, C., 101. Bonnevialle and 00., 101, 115. Bourne and Shepherd, 11118112111013 M a 28 125 01151 , . e, , . Bowie , J., 120. Boyd, A. 11., 90. Boyd, 36V. D. 3., 36,124. Boyd, Maj. I. M., 29. Brandenburg,I J., 28, 101, 126. Branson, R. M. S., 116, 132 Brebner, J ., 3?. Breslauer, 11., 12B. Breslauer and 00., 116, Brice, J. A., 125. Bridger, F., 121. Briscoe, W., 127. Brito, F. H., 34, 128. Britto, A. H. de, 118,128. Bromley, T.,l 13, 119, 134. Brooke, W. R., 96. Brooks and 00., 111. Brown, F. R., 134. Brown, J ., 124. Brown, J. T. T., 119, 139. Brown, W. T. H., 124. Brown, 11., and 00., 137. Brown, ., . Browning, 111., 35, 128. Browning, W. E., 110,132. Bruce, F. M’C., 129. Brlmton, R.P., 98. Bryce, J. A.,100, 106,125. Buchanan, A., 127. Buckland, E., 128. Budroodeen Tyabjee,1 14, Burjorjee Framjee, 138. Burjorjee Nusserwanlee, 116, 136. Burj orj ee Rustomj ee Bot- tlewalla, 136. Burjorjee Rutwnjee and O. . Buiijo'rjee Sorabjee Sons, 1 6. Burn, W., 125. Burn, G., 125. Burnett, Maj. C. J., 29. Burrows, J. J., 117, 136. Burrows, Brig.-Genl. G. R. 3., . Bushby, J. 0., 101. Bushby, J. 0., and (30., 101, 112. Bushby, W. H., 101. Byramjee Dadabhoy, 35. Byrsémjee Hormusjee,1 16, 13 Byranijee Jewanjee and 00., 133. Byramjee Manockjee, 133. Byramjee Muncherjee, 114, 133. Byramjee Nowrojee, 13S. Byramjee Nusserwanjee Servai, 98. Byramjee Pallonjee, 115. ByramJee Pestonjee, 115, 133. Bythell, J. K., 103, 126. B. & A. Hormarjee, 108. B. Jeevuniee Mehta, 116. B. R. Mody, 106. C Cabral, v. 11., 78, 127. Cadorlni, F., 127. Cairns, R. D., 109, 129. Caldecott, Capt. F. J.,29, Cameron, 0. A. W., 120. Campbell, E. W., 121. Campbell, H. 0., 101. Campbell, J. 11., 26, 130. Campbell, Dr., 128. Campbell, R. S., 130. Campbell, J ., 116, 120. 1N DEX '1‘0 NAMES. X111 Campbell, J., and 00., 101 116 , . Campbell, Mitchell and 00., 100,102, 115, 131. Candy, E. T., 27. Cannon, E. 0., 109, 125. Cannon,J. M., 135. Cantor, E. and F., 118. Carew, G. 0‘B., 32. Carlisle, H., 122. Camac, W. B., 121. Carnegy, Col. A, 123. Carpenter, T., 122. Carrick, H., 125. Carter, Surg.-Ma,i H. V., 36. Cartwright, H. D., 122. Carvallw, S. A. (la, 28, 38. Cash, M. R, and 00., 111. Cassels, J. A., 12). Cautley. Capt. C. G., 30. Chalk and Turner, 112, 131. Chalk,1<‘., 130. Chalmers, A. B., 12. Chambers, F., 36. Champion, .11, 12L Chapman, F. B., 26. Chappidelaine, 11L Le Comte de, 28. Chard, Capt. W. W., 29. Chatfield, K. M., 35. Cheetham, R. H., 103. Chitzy, Lt.-Col. W. T., 90. Chfistian,Hony_ Capt. (3., 32, 125. Chugildas Luloobhoy, 98, 10 . Chundoolal Muthooradas Dowlutjada, l39_ Claridge, 0., and 00.,116. Clarke, Rev. N., 125. Clarke, J ., 24. Clarke, Lt.-Col. 0., 29. Clarke, B., 109. Clason, H., 102. Clason, H., and Co., 100, 102,112,115. Class, \V., 124. Cleary,R. M., 126. Cleveland. H., 13’. Cline, C. W., 33, 128. Close, Sui-g. C. S., 25. Cobham, E. A., 101. Cobham, R. G., 101. Codrington, Surg.-Maj.0. 29, 129. Colebrook, 1.,33. Collett and Co., 133. Cullet‘, J., 125. Camber, E., 103, 125. Gender, H., m. Connell, J ., 127. Coobair, H.,and Co., 117. Coobare Dulcha and 00., 134. Cook, Burg-Maj. H., 36, 97, 98, 126. Cook, J., 125. Cooke, Rev. C., 125. Cooper and 00., 117,132. ngger, W., and 00., 117, Cooper, C. P., 99, 120. Cooper, A" 131. Cooper, F., 125. Cornwall, J., 128. Corke, W. (3., 32. Corke, W., 129. Cotton. G., 103. 00121011, B., 123. Coutinho, J. V., 138. Cowasjee and Manook jee, 117, I33. Cowasjee and Nusscr- wan'ee, H7, 134. Colwasjce Brothers, 106, 6 Cownsjee Dinshaw, 133. Cowasjee Honnusjee, 98, 138. Cowasieo Jamsetiee, 111, 133. Cowasjee Manockjee Limjee, 98. Cowasjee Nowr 'ee, 138. Cowasjce PestouJee, 138. Cuwnsjee Sorabjee and 00., 139. Cox, 8., 119. Craigie, A., In. Craigie, Lynch and Owen, 111, 131. Cragwford andBoevey,118, 1 1 Crawi‘ord and 00., 115, 132. Crawford, I... 120, Orawibrd, Capt. B. L, 25. Crawlcy-Boevey, 130. Crispin, Haj. G. B., 123. Crockett, W. T., 102, 128. Fri-ft, J., 129. Cromartie, D. B., 96, 127. Crowe, A. J., 122. ("rowley, J., 27. Cruddas, J ., 127. Gram, W. E., 102. Cumming, A., 128. Cumming, A. E., 123. Cumming, W. H., 123. Cummulsey Premjee, 134. Cumroodin Tynbjee, 98. Cunha,J. G., 1:18. Cu nil-gham, A. D., 102. Curnin, J. J., 34,110. Currie, Capt. A., 25. Cursetfee and Eduljee, 118, 134. Cursetjee Cowasjee, 116, 136, 139. CursetjeeFramjeeKhory, H7, 133, 138. Cursetjee Parukh, CursetjeeJewajee Mhow, 116, 139. Cursetjee Muncherjee's Sons, 110, 184. Cursetjee Nusserwanjee Cama, 98. Cursetjee Sorabjee and 10., Furdoonjee Curwen, H., 130. Cutler, F. E., 101. Cutler, Palmer and (70., 101, 112, 136. D DsdabhoyBomnnjee, 133, 136. Dadabhoy Cowasjee,116, 133 Dmlabhoy Dos abhoy Gama, 132. Dndabhoy Hormusjee, l 17, 134.. Dndabhoy Jamsetjee,117. DudabhoyRustomjee,l ll . Dalga/do,Asst. Surg.D.G., B 2 . Dnmate,M., 139. Dnrnsha Ruttenj as China!) 111', 136. Dattnnat and 00., 114. Dnuré, L., 108, 127. Doggy, Surg.-llaj. W., David, D. K., 138. Davidas Lulloobhoy and (30.. 117. xiv Davies, W. H., 131. Davies, \V., 126. Davis, J.J. L., 118, 128, 133. anoodbhoy Peerbhoy, 115. Day, J ., 129. DeBa1die, Madame, 120, 136. DeConceian, A. P., 138. DeMonte, E. )L, 121. D1n-1yr0nze and 00., 117. Denison 11111100., 116. DeQuadros, J. V., 126. DeBazario, L. P., 138. Deschamps and 00., 117, 1 DeSohza, A. J., and 00., 133 DeSouza, J. R, 138. DeSonza, J. P., 117. DeSouza, J. F. D., 1%. DeSouza, P. J. L., 138. Devjee Gungadhur, 113. Dhirajram Dulputram, 36, . Dhunjeebhoy Ours 'ee Dulall, 112. a] Dhunjeebhoy Rustomjee and 00., 116, 139. Dilcgzlson, J ., 101, 110, 126, Dilchneider, J., 125. D17118uanau1 Babajee Rele, Din s h aw Dadabhoy Ghandy and 00., 106'. Dinshaw Hormusjee and 00., 116, 132.. Dinshaw Scrabjee and (10., 106,117, 118. Disgrowe, Lt.-001. H. R, Dillg0n, Capt. .1’., 110, 127, 1, 136. Dolly, Rev. v., 120. Donikey, J., 126.. Doolittle, Dr. F. W., 32, 111, 121, 138. Dorabjee Cooverjee Ms» joo and 00., 117,136. Diggbjee Eduljee, 112, 1 . Dorabjee Jamaatq'ee and 00., . Dosahhoy Bazonjee, 139. Dosabhoy Framjee, 97, 98, 99. l Dosabhoy Merwanjee and 00.,107, 117. Dosabhoy Ookerjee. 110. Doughty, J., 117, 126. Douglas, 0., 105. Douglas, J., 129, 134. Downs, T. A., 128. Dm'ry, 0., 1:11. D‘Silva, S. X.. 112. Dulley, Rev. V., 1‘20. Dumnyne, F. G.,126. Duulope, J., 122. Dunnett, M., 124. Dunsford, H., 124. Durand, Capt. C. J., 8“. Durant, A. H., 119. Duxbury, J. R., 25. Dyal Rutmnsey, 111. Dymock, Sum-Maj W., 36, 122. D. C. Rutnagur and 00., 106 D. HICama zmd 00., 117. D. (louverljee MajOO, 116. D. Curseqee, 136. E Early, T. W., 108. Easton, A. B.. 123. Ebrahim Abdoola, 116. Ebmhim Abdooln. and 110,137. Eba-ahim Ademally, 116. Ebrahim Hussein and 00.,11'1, 1311. Echalaz, Capt. 0. T., 123. Edelstein, 8,, 116, 133'. Edginbon, A., 90, 124. Edingbon, W., 121. Edington, c. 11., 127. Edmonds and 00., 133. Echliee Cursetjee Boyce, H7, 136. Ednljee I‘kamjae and 00., 107, 111, 115. Eduljee Furdoonjee, 114. Ednbjeellaneckjee Sema, 11 . Eduljee Nomjea, 35. Ednljee Nussemnjee Colabawalla, 110, 136. Ednljeo Nusser'wamjee, Dr., 138. MAchm‘s (1011111 '10 1101111111. Eduljee Ookerjee Cassi- nath, 117, 1:14. Ednljee Fallonjee Bottle- walla.,136. Eduljee Rustomjee, 98, 134 Edulj'ee Shapoorjee, ‘36, 130. Edward Bates and. CO., 1 1 3 Edwards, J., 128. Edwnds, T., 116, 134. Elliot, G. W.,.z7- 11.111011, J., 128. Elliott, T1105. A., 108, 124. Ellis, A., 128. Ellis, 01m, 119. . Ellmore, J. 8., and Co, 16 Ende1-jee Gulsbchund, 134. Ensor, E- 11., 3‘7- Esperance, S. (1’, 118,124, 1 124, 33. Espemce, M. R, 109- Essai, W. J., 114. Esubjee Adumjee, 116, 136, 188. Ewart, \V. V., 119. Ewart, Latham and 00., 100, 102,111. 1’ Fuchiri, P., 104, 126. Fachi'ri, J., 1211. Fakeempa Lingnpa He- bul, 139. Fakeerjee Dinshaw, 138. Farbstein, J., l13, 134. Famham, B. 11‘., 2B, 102, 120- Famham 11.1161 00., 102, 113 Famn, 0. PX. 126. Farran, G. 111., 84, 110, 129, 132. Farrow, W. J., 127. Fanbaim, R., 125. Favre, Leuha. and 00., 117, 1:16, 139. Fawkesfiapt ll, 25. Fazulbhoy Clmsumbhoy Ganjee, 98. Fe11ows, W. B., 98, 121. INDEX TO NAMES. IV Fernandez, D., and 00., 11 133 Ferris, Lt. W. B., 27. Fido, J. W., 123. Fiedler, 0., 103, 126. Fife, Col. J. G., 26. Filgate, T. M., 35, I29. Finlay, Muir and C0,, 100, 102, 114. Finlay, Scott and 00., 100, 102, 113. Finzlgyson, D., 1110, 108, 1 . Fiori, G.,119. Fischer, F., 120. Fisher, G. A., 123. Fischer, 111., 117, 119, 123, 128 Fisher, H. D., 102. Fisher, H. D., and 00., 102, 113. FitzGerald, P. S., 27. Plans. an J. \ Cu'rrumsee Moo jee, 111, 133. Fleming, J., c 51.1., 1' 4. Fletcher and Smith, 118, 13' Fletcher, L., 37, 129. Flower, E. W., 115, l23, 135. Flngge, H., 28. Flynn, J., 34, 110, 120. Fogo, E. 11., 98, 1114, 124. Forbes and 00., 100, 102, 111, 131. Forbes, Sir 0., Bart., 102. Forbes, Sir Charles, and 00., 1 , 118. Forbes, C. B., 28. Forbes, C. H. B., 102,120 Forbes, J. A., 102, 120. Forde, A. W., 125. Forman, 11., 102. Forrest, L. R. W.,108,126. Forward, J., 127. Fox, J. G., 104. Fox, S. N., 115. 120, 132. Fragijee ArdaseerDavur, 11 Fraxm'ee Dorabjee Ba- durjee,98. Framjee D. Wadia and 05.,113. Framjee Eduljee Davur, 107. Framjee Hormusjse and 00., 1141, Frarqiee Nowrojee, 114, 136, 139. Framjee Nusserwanjee and (30., 115, 134. Framjee Rustomjee, 116. Fraér2njee R. Vicajee, 114, 1 . Fremjee, Sands and 00., 100, 102, 117,131. Framjee Shapomjee, 116, 138, 139. Frank, L., 115,128, 137. Fra2nkenburg, E., 116, 1 4. Fraser and Miller, 136. Fraser, 0., 127. Fraser, W., 109, 120. Freeborn, E. R., 98. Freeman, F. D., 123. Frost, R. H., 123. Fuller, Lt. H. S. A., 29. Fuller, 001. J. A., 28. Glover and 00., 1111. Glover, T. C., 131. Gomes, P. F., 122, 138. Gonne, C., 26, 27, 130. Goodfellow, Maj. G. R 27. Goolam Mohideen, 34-. Gopal Narayen and 00., 182. Gopal Shivram, Asst. Surg., 36. Gorden, D., 124. G-rdon, F. 119. Gordon, John, 100. Gordon, W. E., 33, 122. Gostling, D. E., 116, 127, r' 131. vaind Vithal Karkaray, 5. Gov-indjee Shamjee, 113. Graham, W. and A., and 'r Furdoonjee By ramj ee Seervai, 114, 133,138. Furse, Maj. G. A., 29. Furtado, B. F. X., 132. G Gaddum, E. 0., 103. Gaddum, G. H. 103. Gaddum, T. H. 103. Gaddum and 00., 100, 103, 118. Gahazan, G. 113. Gainher, J. C., 1%. Galbraith, J ., 129. Gallian, Cav. J., 28. Gamble,H., 3-1, 128. Gardiner, G., 125. Geary, G. 98. Gell,Brig.-Gen1. .T. 5., 29, 123. George, W., 123. Gerrard, P., 96. Ghanasham N i 1 k 11 nt Nadkurni Shakurhu, 139. Gibbs, Hon. J ., 25, 129. Gilbert, W., 101, 128. Gilder, G. 0., 26. Gilder, Rev., 0., 1-22. Giles, E., 35 Q S 1:“ Q1 .5 L1 05., 100, 102, 117. ' Graham, Hon. D., 25, 9B, 129. _ Burg. Mai. . ., 33. Graham, J. 102. Q_‘ Grant, P., and Sons, 118, 137. Grant, A. D., 102. Grant, G., 123. Grant, H. J ., 27. Grant, Lieut. J ., 27. Gray, 0., 124. Gray, J. L., 112, 121. Gray, Surg. W., , 120, 129. Greaves, Cotton and 00., 100, 103, 115. Greaves, J ., 103. Greaves, J. R., 103. Greaves, R., 127. Green, Liana-Col. E. A., 29. Green, Hon. J. P., 84. Greenwood, James, 108. Greenwo 111, John, 122. Griflith, G., 104.. Griffiths, J ., 35. Grigor, J. M., 109, 127. Grindlav, Groom and 00., 103, 113,131, 157. Gill, W., 110, 127, 132. Gillam, A., 122. Glade, D. H., 123. . Groom, C. J ., 103, 128. m nscucsn’s GUIDE TO somsn. Grmsdona, 0., 28, 115, 12 . Gtoux, 0., 28. Gubbay, A. 11., 105, 122. Guidera, M., 1 . Gunesh Hari Putvardun, 139. Gunputrao Bhasker, RM Bahaduor, 35. Gunputrao Raghobn, Ran Sahel), 78. H Haggard, 001. T. '1‘., 29. Hajee Cassum and 00., Us, 138. Hajee Cureem Mahomed Sulliman, 98. Hajee Essa Davood, 110. Hall, Maj. T. 12., 29. Hall, W. (1., 28, 104., 126. Hall, 11., 128. Hall, L. L., 126. Hamilton and 00., 118, 136, 139. Hamilton, R. E., 33. Hamilton, P., 121. Hanasey, R., 127. Hancock, Lt.-Col. H. F., 26, 2s, 97, 98, 129. Hardcastle, C. L., 108. Hariba Gunesh and Brothers, 138. Harichundra Shamrao, 34, 35. Haragshunker Balkristna, 1 . Hagoon Ebrahim, 110, l 8. Harper, W., 131. Harpur, Lt.-001. J., 128. Harrap, H., 121. Harrington, J., 123. Harris, Lt.-Col. T. IL, 29. Harrison, S. J ., 88. Harrison, W., 124. Harry, E. 128. Eng? w.is., :14, 110, 120, 1 Hassard, H. 8., 129. Hastings, R., 119. Hassumbho Visram, 99. HMOh, 001. . 8., 29, 135. Hathornthwaite, J. F., 35. Haushere, J. H., 125. Hay, A., 134. Hay, Burg. G. W. B.,27. Hay, J., 128. Hayhurst, J ., 120. Hea. ey, Capt. J., 129. Hearn 42 Cleveland, 118, 130, 131. Hearu, R. V., 34, 130. Heely, S. and Son, 118. Heerjee .and Sons, 111. Heintz, 0., 124. Helme, H., 101. Henderson, G. R.,122. Henry, G. F., 97, 98. Heptoolah Shaik Adam and 00., 11], 137. Hepworth,G., 123. Hcpworth, J. W., 123. Herajee Eduljee, 138. Hergoven J eewan, 134. Hewett, G. B., 32. Hewett,J., 124. Heagvlett,8urg.-Maj . T.G., Hewson, J., 122. Higgins, P. 0., 98. Hill, F. J. A., 124. Hill, J., 125. Hilton, R., 32, 119. Hoar, J. F., 128. Hodgert, s., 119. Hogg, Maj. A. G. F., 29. Hojel, Surg.-Mai. A. N., 36, 126. Hokin, J. N., 129. Holden, D., 129. Holden, J., 128. Holland, 001. H. W., 29. Hggnejee Cursetjee Dady, Honegger, E., 105, 128. Hormusjee Bomanjee HWadia,113. B _ 01111118 89 am 86 H139. it 1 ' ormusJee yrmnqee Dhana Patell, 137. Hormusjee Gowasjee Poonaghur, 1l1. Hormusjee Dadahhoy, 35. Hormuszee and Jamset- Jee, 11_7, 184. ormusJee Mistry, 102. Hormusjee Manockjee, J amsetj ee Hormusjee Nowrojee Sucklatwalla, 107. Hormusjee Sorabjee, 116, 13 2. Houston, 0., 123. Howell, J. W., 128. Hoyer, F., 103. Hudson and 00.,115, 139. Hughes, Surg. A. H., 30, 36, 122 Hughes, Surg. D. 111., 28. Hughes, W. 0., 26. Humphrey, 0., 125. Hunt, Mrs. Jacob, 112, 114, 136. Hunter, A. J ., 102. Hunter, Capt. F. M., 27. Hunter, Capt. J. M., 27. Hunter, Dy. Surg.-Gen1. 11V. G., 30, 126. Hurrichund Chintamon, 137. Hurst, W. A., 112, 126, 133, 134. Hillgsolljee Tarmahomed, 8. Hussein Efiendi, 28. Hussey, W. H., 124. Hussunboy Thavur and Co , 115, 187. Hutchinson, J. F., 98, 125. Hutton, E., 78. Hyder Alli Cassumjee, 117. Hynes, L. G-, 33, 121. I Ingle, G., 32, 125. Inverarity, J. D., 34, 110, 120, 132. Inzoli, L. G., 118, 123. Inzoli, A. G., 123. Iredell, Capt. J. 3., 123. Irvine, J. H., 123. Ischaar, 0., 121. J Jacks, 0., 119. Jackson, G. W. L., 84, 110, 132. Jackson, Capt. F.H., 27. Jackson, Capt. J ., 80, 128. Jackson, 8., 130, INDEX TO NAMES. Jacob and 00., 189, Jacob, P., 35. Jacob, H. P., 120. Jacob, Capt. J. A., 80. Jacomb, H. E., 37. Jafier Bulliman and 00., 116, 134. James, H. E. 11., 26, 78. Jsmsetg'ee B 0 m a nj ee Patell, 137. _ J amsetjee CamaJee, 136. Jamsetjee 000v erjee Sons, 111. Jamsetjee 0 ursetj ee Gama, 116, 132._ J agizzsetjee DhunJeebhoy, Jamsetjee Framjee, 114, 136 Jamsetjee Hormu sj e 9 Porter, 114. _ J amsetj ee J ehangeer] 00, 114, 134 J amsetjee J ejeebhoy, Sir, c. s. 1., 98. J amsetjee MerwanjeeJlG. Jamsetjee Munch erj ee, 116, 139. J amsetdee Nowrojee, 13:1. J amsetjee Nusserwamee Tata, 107. Jan Mahomed. 134. J anardhun and Ghandi. bhoy, 117, 132. J anardhun Gopall Men. try, as. Jflllaflli, J ., 103, 113, 120, 1 . J alques Siegfried and 00., 05. Jardine, J., 36, 115, 120, 132. Jardon, Rev. 0., 125. J agserilall Oomiashanker, J ayasatyabodhrao Tri- malrao, 35. Jeevan Ramjee, 134. J eggrson and Payne, 110, Jefferson, J ., 126. J ehangir Framjee and 00., 111. Jahangir Hormusjee,107. Jehangir Hormusjee and 00., 111, 112, 132. Jaggigir Herwanjee, 117, J ahangheirjee Framjee and 00., 110. Jejeebhoy Bazonjee, 138. Jejeebhoy Nusserwanjee Khare t, 134, Jenny, 124. Jerram, 11., 121. Jervis, J ., 37. Jegoise, Capt. J. P. 11.1., Jewaiee Rutt on j ee’s Sons, 110, 136, 139. Jewanjee B. Mehta, 139. J ewanjee Cowasjee, 114. J ewanjee Eduljee‘s Sons, 114, 136. John, Harry, 111, 184. Jogn Illa-horned, 116, 117, 9 Johnson, J. R. K., 103. Johnson, M., 122. Johnson, S. M., 28. Johnston, Rev. C. F. H., 31, 125. Johnstone, A., 128. Johnstone, W. B., 131. Jollifie, F. H., I21. Jolly, A., 125. Jolly, D., 32, 125. Jones, 0., 33. Jones, H. W., 108,121. Jones, T., 121. Joomabhoy Lalljee, 98. Joonas Tyab, 115, 139. Joseph Alli, 116. Jog'snt, Surg -Maj. F. G., Judge, 0. 5,115,132. Jules, Siegfried and 00., 114 Justice, Maj. w. 0., 29. J. N. Wndia’s Sons and 00., 107. K Kaikhusro Rustomjee Vicajee, 36. Kapp. 0., 28, 105. Kapplar, E., 128. Kashinath Trimbnck Telang, 114, 132. Kavanagh, Dr., M. D., 114, 132. Kay, W., 128. Kearns and Kennedy, 13 Keane, 126. l . Kemp, D. 5., andCo., 112, 133 Kemp, D. 8.,98, 125. Kcnnard, H., 127. Kennedy,Hon.Maj.-Gen1. M.K., 25, w, 28. Kennedy, Lt. W. P., 27. Ker, A. J., 121. Kerr, A M., 122. Kerrsman, F., 127. Keshao Kooshaba, 35. Kessowjee Toolseedal and 00., ll 2. Kesterto] n, 11., and 00., 1 4 Kettlewell, Maj. T., 124. Keys, W. '1‘. 120. Khundemo Chimum'ao Bedarkar, 34, 35, 98. Khunderao Morojee, 110, 132. Khursetjee Rustomjee Cama, 98. Killick, Nixon and 00., 100, l ‘3, 118. King and 00., 103, 112. King, H. Samuel, 103. King, H. Seymour, 103. King, King and 00., 108, 111, 1:11, 137. King, 8., 124. King,Lieut. 123. Kingsmill, .1'., 3%, 119. Kirkpatrick, H. 0., 115, 120, 132. Kittrcdge, G. A., 105, 126. K111351155 Snrg. W. F., 38, Knaust, T., 116. Knoles, J. S., 127. 15111001) and 00., 100, 103, e Knoop, J ., 103. Knoop, L., 103. Knott, H., 121. Kohler, E., 122. Krishna Shastreo Chip. 101 nkur, 86. Xviii Kyd, .1 ., 109, 120. K. Janardhun, 110, 131. L Lafond Brothers, 136. Lal'ond, F. G., 125. Lafond, T. E., 125. Laing, A., 115, 134. Lake, 0., 99. Lake, Mrs, 112, 136. Lang, B., 129, 132. Lang, J. Y., 105, 126. Lang, W., 100, 102, 126. Lanz, T., 128. _ Langley, Surg.-1La]or E. H. B., 30, 32, 36, 123. Larcom, G., 27. Latham, A. G., 102. Latham, A., 102. Latham, F. L., 132. Latham, B., 102. Latham, W., 125, 134. Laud, J., 129. Lawder, 0., 128. Lawrence and 00., 138. Lawrence, 1.0., 119. LaWrence, J 0., 122. Lawrence, J., 123. Lawson, L., 119. Lalyégrd, Capt. C. 11., 2.9, 1211;251:511, Lt. W. 1., 28, Lechinere, Capt. C. 5., 123. Lee-Warner, W., 28. LeGeyt, Maj. P. H., 27. Leigh-Lye, Ven. C. H., 37 Leith, E. T., 35, 111, 132. Leith, R, 28. Leith, T., 126. Lemmon, A., 123. Leslie, Sub-Liam, 123. Lester, 001. J. F., 28. Lester, A., 124. Lewis,Rev. A. 0.,31, 124. 1.1110, A. M., 126. Lidbetter, T., 110, 132, 137. Lima, .1. A. de, 110. Limjee Nowrojee Bana- jee, 811, 110. Lindsay,J. T., 124. Lisboa, J. 0., 138. Lloyd, w. L., 129. Lockhart, G., and 00., 100, 103, 118. Lockhart, G., 103. Login, E. W. B., . Longridge, Lt. 0., 129. Lord, E., 103. Lord, W. T., 128. Loston, 0.. 118. London, W., 84, 129. Lucas, COLA. W., 29,123. Lucka, Y. L., and 00., 115, 116, 139. Lucghardt, Capt. W., 29, 12- . Lndha Ebraan and 00., 1341 Lukhmidas Khimjee, 98 . Lukhmidas Veerjee, 1341. Lune], P., 121. Luuel, H., 121. Lupi, R., and. 00.,115,133, 137. Lupi, 11., 121. Luggmgmn, J. L., as, 31, 1 Lynch & Tobin, 111, 132. Lynch, 0., 120. Lynch, G. S., 98, 126. Lyon and 00., 100, 103, 110, 131. Lyon, Surg. 1. B., 35, 36, 120 Lyons, Maj. G. 11., 123. Lyons, P., 129. Lyons, J., 119. M Macaulay, W. 111., 104,129. Macdonald, 0., and 00., 100, 104, 117. Macdonald,A. J ., 98, 102, 1% Macdonald, 0., 104, 129. Macdonald, Brevet-Col. J. A.M., 26, 130. Macfadyen, D., 104, 126. Macfarlane, J ., 130, 132. Maegregor, D., 125. Mackenzie, A. T., 130, Mackenzie, H. T., 102. Mackenzie, T. D., 26. Mackey, Rev. D. J., 125. Mackie, D., 123. Mackimay, J., 104. Mackinlay, W., 104. ilAcnnAN’s 0111011 To 110111111. Mackinlay, Simpson and (10.,104, 114. Hacln'nnon, Dy. Sin-g.- Genl. D. B., 30. Mackintosh, J., and 00., 10:1, 11:1, 132, 133,134,138. Mackintosh, J. A. P., 103. Maclean, A., 128. Maclean, J. H., 130. Magnaughten, S. ., 112, Maconachie, Burg. G. L., 36, 126. Macpherson, Rev. D., 87, 124 Macpherson, J., 34, 110, 130, 132. Macropolo, D., 139. Madden, J. L.,l16, 121. Madelay, F., 1041. Madelay, F., 8: (10., 114. Madon, M. B., and 00., 133. Mahadeo Narayen Shir- gaumker, 27. Mahadeu Pandoorang, 3 5. Mam-med Ali Rogay, 11011., 97, 98. Mahomed Ally Abdool Latifi, 116, 139. Mahomed Abdool Latifl‘, 136 * Mahomed Hoossein Mirza Aka, 137. Mahomed Khan and Sons, 137. Maidment, J. S., 33. Maidment, W., 26, I25. Maidment, W. H., 125. Maitland, W., 102. Major, T. 37. Major. '1‘ M., 126. Manoekjee Adurjee, 138. ManeckjeeJamsetjee,lll. Maneckjee Nusserwanjee Nanavati, 139v Manecksha Cowasha, 98. Maneckshah Jehangir- shah Tale arkhan, 139. Manockjee urjorjee,ll4. Manockjee Cursetjee J amsetjee, 98. Manockjee Nowrojee, 112, 117, 139. Manson, G., 129. Mansooklal Mugotlal Munshi, 110, 132. Mapp, 0., 99, 121. INDEX TO NAMES. xix Msrcks, 0., and. 00., 115 136 l . Man-'yat,'02.p12. E. L., 28, 123 Marshall, 1,104, 116,119. Marsmn, G. T., 122. Martin, B., 106, 121. Martinolich, E. E., 124. Marvel, F. 0., 134. Masson, J ., 33. Massotti, F., 126. Mathew, 11,98, 130. Mathews, 0., 32. Mathuradas Lowjee, 107. Maude, 001. 0.0., 29. Msule, Rev. W., 37. Mavrojeni, D., 126. Maxwell, 1%, 124, 126. Maybury, ., 1 2. Mayhew,0. J., 110, I21, 132. Mayhew, W. G., 119. Maynard, S. B., 129. Mayne, Capt. R. 0., 27. MQCm'bhy, M., 124.. McCormach, H., 127. McCulloch, Beyts (30., 104, 112, I34. McCulloch, W., 104. McDonald, 0., 124. McDougall, Surg.- Maj. H. B., 27. McGavin, W., 122. McHinch, A., 104, 129., McIlwraith,R., 104. McIver, D., 122. McKenzie, W. L., 119. McKinnon, Dr.D. K.,l27. McPherson, M., 121. Medley, Mrs., 116, 138. Medley, G. W., 124. Ahmedbhoy's 6, 136. MehrjeoJolmstane & 00., 110, 132, 136. and. Meifi're, E., 122. Meili, 0. T.,28, 105, 126. Melling, 119. Melvill, Hon. M., 34, 130. Melvill, P. 8., 27, Melvin, W. F., 129. Menesse & 00., 115, 132. Menesse, A., 122, 138. Menesse, E., 26, 34, 120. Merewet-her,Ma.j. G.L.0., 28, 123. Merewether, LL-Col. Sir W. L., 28. Merrimam, Col. 0. J., 2 26, 8. Merwanjee and Byron:— jee, 134. Mexiwanjee and. 00., 107, 1 2 Merwanjee 0ursetjee,139. Merwanjee Framjee and 00., 107. Merwanjee Heeriee, 116. Merwanjee Muncherjee Mody & 00., 111, 137. Merwanjee Nusserwan- jee, 117, 134. Merwanjee Nusserwan- 1‘jee Sons and 00. 107. erwanjee Pestonj ee Chinchgur, 136. Meurmga' , Rt. Rev. L., 87, l '. Mignon, 001. F. P., 29, 120. Mignon, J'., 125. Miles, 0., 26, no. Miller, E., 104,130. Minus, W., 117. Minors, E., 127. Mirza Baker, 137. MirzaFuzloolahkhan, 28. Mii'z'a. Himt, 85. Mirza. Hoosein Khan, 132. Mitchell, A. M., 124. Mitchell, 0. E., and 00., 104, 115, 131 Mitchell, .1, 120. Miltfliell, J ., Nash & 00., Mitchell, J. 0., 126. Molecey, G. T., 131. Monnet, 0., 105, 121. Monod, E. 0.,127. Mooliee and. Bomanjee, 114, '82. Mooljee Anundjee, 134. Mooljee Jaitha. & 00., 107, 1 2 Moore, 0., 124. Moore, J ., 102, Moore, '1‘. H., 102. Moosa. Essaw 80 00., 110, 139. Morarjee Goculdas, 98. Morenas 62 00., 117. Moreshwur Junardan, 1.38. Morland, H., 82,98. Morojee Kassinsth, 139. Morris, A. F., 124. Morton, D12, 126. Maggie, J., 112, 122, 127, Morris, W., 124. Morrison, A , 118. Morton and 00., 112. Morton, M., and 00., 116, 183, 137, 139. Moses, E., 105. Motee Coobare, 116. Moulbrle, G. W., 108, 122. Mowat, M., 100, 105, 130. Moylan, W., 121. Muir, A., 127. Muirhead, J., 123. Mull, M., 121. Muncherjee Dossabhoy Wadia,104. Muncherjee Eduljee,136. Muncherjee Nowro' e Banajee, 98, 107, 112. Muncherjee Pallonjee and 00., 107. Muncherjee Pestonjee Badhurjee, 117. Mugsherjee Sorabjee, 1 . Mungavin, G. W., 122. Munguldas Nathoobhoy, Sir, 0.5.1., Knight, 98. Murphy, Surg.-Maj. P., 36 129 , . Murray, Capt. P., 29, 125. Murray, A. G., 120. Murray, A., 126. Murray, T., 123. Murray, W., 127. Musgrava, 0., 120. M ushett, G. E., 130. Myer, 122. Myer, R. E. Y., 122. Myer, S. E. A., 122. Myer, A. B. F., 122. Mgzége, Rt. Rev. L. 0., 37, Nacoda. M. A. Rogay, Hon., 25. N 'ndas Toolseedas erphatia, 139. Naizaretta, F. D., 118. None Morojee, 98, 99. Naazabhai Hex-ides, H0n., XX MACLEAN’S GUIDE TO BOMBAY. Nanabhoy and Sorabjee, 117, 134.. Nannbhoy Byramjee Jee- jeebhoy, 97, 98. Nanabhoy Bymmjee J ee- jeebhoy and 00., 112. Nanabhoy Rustomjee Ranina, 98. Nansey K11er and 00., 116, 139. Nana Narayana Kothar, 116, 132. Narayen L. and 00., 112. Narayen Vishnoo Baput, Rae Saheb, 36. Narcross, '1‘. , 127 . Nerronjee Dhurrumsey and 00., 115, 130. Narronjee Golabchund, 111, 134. Nathoo Ebram, 1341. Naylor, J. R., 34. Nazarett, F. de, 128. Neimam W., 119. Neill, w’., 108. Neill, .1 ., 120. Nelson, P., 121. Neggerg, J ., 1 . Newnham, W. 11., 27. Nicol, G., 127. Nilcol, G7.,a.nd 00., 116, Nicol, W., Jun., 104. Nicol, W., and 00., 100, 104, 113, 1110. Nicholson D., 128. Nilcunt Anunt. Josey, 87, Nimmo, W., 12 Nixon, R. P., 103. Noble, 0. E., 109, 121. Nolan, Surg. W., 27. . N0? Mahomed. Snlliman, 1 4. Nogr Mahomad Ally, 114, 1 9 Norris, B. F., 1241. Norrish, G. R., 121. Nowrojee Bazonjee Fa.- keerjee, 133, 1341. Nowrojee Bomanjee and (30., 116, 136. Nowrojee Byramjee Sun- mok, 98. Nowrojee Gowasjee Dul- lal, 112, 139. Nowrozjee Fwdooniee, Nowrojee Nasserwanjee, 133. Nowrojee Virjibhoy Cur- ranee, 107, 113. Nugent, J ., 26, 27. Nursey Kessowjee and Co. . anserwanjee and Fram- anserwanjee Aspandi- arjee, 110, 139. Nusserwanjee Bonmnjee Mody and 00., 107, 112. Nusserwanjee Byramjee, 116 Nusserwanjee Chanda.- bhoy, 131. Nusserweniee, Cullian- das and 00., 117, 132. Nusserwanjee Framjee Dhondy, 116. Nusserwanjee jee, 98. Nuaserwanjeo l3 Furdoon- Heerjee, Nusserwaniee J ehanghir Lamna, 1 Nusserwanjee Manock- jee and 00., 107, 116. Nusserwanjee Nowrojee, 139. Nusserwanjee Rutbonjee Tam, 107. Nuthoo Boonderjee, 111, 341 I . Nuttall, 001. T., 27. Nutter, J ., 102. N. Tataan-d 00., 117. N.V.011n'anee and 00., 107, 113, 131, 134. A. B. Mody and 00., 112. 0 O'Conner, 0. 0., 119. O’Donoghue, W. F., 28. Oester, K. K., 118. 081?, W., 125. Okell, G., 104. 0101111111, P. A. R., 102,119. O’Leary,J., 35, Oliver, A. K., 84. Oliver, N. R., 37, 1241. Ollivanb, E. 0. K., 28, Oosman Allarnckia and 00., 134. Ormiston T., 120. Orr, J. W.,341,110,122. Owen and Okell, 100, 104, 11 l . Owen, D. E., 104, 128. Owen, A., 126. P Paddy, T., 119. Pafierd, G. 8., HS. Pagani, Very Rev. N,l25. Palmer, E. M., 33, 120. Palmer, 0., 101. Palmer, 1., 120. Pallonjee Bomanjee, 133. Pallonje e Dadabhoy Ayrbon, 108. Palégnjee Framjee, 118, 1 . Pallon’ee Heerjeebhoy's Sons, 116, 136. Pallonjee Hormusjee Sons and 00. 110. Pallonjee Shapoorjeefl 36. Pandoorung Balibhadra, 139 Pandoorung Go 111, 138. Park, Rev. 0. 1 ., 124. Parker, R, 122. Parker. F. D., 126. Parr, Lt.-00l. W. 0., 27. Partridge, Burg-Maj. W. P., 30, 36. 99. Parvesjee Dadabhoy,137. Paterson, J. 13., 102. 121. Patuok,B.V.,and 00.,118. Paul Mowis, 134. Payne, H. W., 129. Peed, W., 128. Pearse, J.,111, 119, 135. Pearson, H., 124. Pearson, W., 127. Pearson, '1‘. W., 130. Pedder, W. G., 97, 129. Pedraza,0. S., 117, 128. Peel, Cassels and 00., 100, 104, 113. Peel-00 Verjee, 134. Peile, J. B., 27. Pelly and 00., 104, 116. Fender, H. D., 126. Pendlebury, W., 122. Percival, E. 11., 27. Pelr2r60au, Maj. M. 0., 80, INDEX TO NAMES. xxi Pestonjee Byramjee,116. Peswnjee Cowasjee, 110, 132, 139. I Pes tonj ee CowasJee Karas, 110. Pestonjee DadabholeZ, 138. Pesmnjee Dhunjeebhoy Coorlawalla, 113. Pelsggnjee Eduljee Bhrofl‘, Pestoniee Framjee (Tel. Writer), 112. Pesto nj ee Framiee (W atoll-maker) 114, 139. Pestonjee Hormusjee and Sons, 134. Pestonjee Hormusjee 110, Pestonjee Hormusjee Sunwok, 117. PestonjeeJ evajee,117,139. PestonjeeMunchei-jee, I 38 Postonjee Nowrojee,138. Peterson, F. W., 33. Peterson, P., 35. Pherozesha Merwanjoe Mehta, 98, 110, 132. Phillips, P., 28. Pigot,J.Q.,110,129, 132. Pigott,J. 0. ML, 129. Pinhgy, Hon. R. 11.,34, 1 1 . Pinkerton, Surg.-Maj. J., 3 122 6, . Piper, F. 8., 119. Pirrie, W., 129. Pitmmber Laljee, 134. Plate, 01., 103. Plants, 0. P., 120. Pochajee Frann'ee and 00., 111. Poole, 0., 104, 126. Pootsill, H., 128. Portman, 0apt.A. 13., 129. Poutz, J ., 103, 122. Powell, 0., 32. Powell, J., 118. Pratt, \V. R., 28. Premjee Dhurumsey, 104. Presscot, and Winter, 116, 2 Prescot, 0. W., 127. Pring, 11.. 123. Pritchard, 0. B.,37. Primhar W., 120, 122. Pullen, J. W., 110, 132. Pnnnett and 00., 100, 104. Punnett, '1‘. F., 104, 117. Purcell, H. 11, 110, 119, 132 Purchel, J., 121. PurshotumFakeerjeeJm, 137, 138. Pur0s3hotum Odh owj ea, 1 . Purshotum Odhowjee & 00., 112. Purvis, G. R., 122. Purvis, G. S. 114. Purvis, J. 8., 122. P. Byramjee, 116, 135. P. Ruttonjee, 114, 189. Q Quanborongh, T., 128. Quarry, Capt. J., 129. Quilty, W. N., B. Rab , Snrg. J., 36. Rag wandrao Ramchun- (161', 35. Rahimtoola Mahomed Sayani, 98. Rahimtoola Sulliman, 134 Ralli Brothers, 100, 104, l 18. Ramchunder Bapoojee Jadhow, 78. Ramchunder Mahadeo and 00., 117. Ramkrishna. G o p 8.1 Bhandarkar, 36. Rampana, A., 116. Randall, J., 121. Randelia, P. and J ., and 00., 113. Bundle, N., 105. Ravenscroft, Hon. E. W., (1.3.1., 25,97, 126. Rawlins, '1‘. EL, 121. Read, G. W., 121. Read, S. W’., 121. Redclifi‘, Lt. G. B. E., 29. Reid, 111.-Col. J. H., 29. Reid, L., 37, 52, 129. Reid,R.V., 102. Rifingwn and 00., 104, Remington, G F.,120. Remington, G. K., 120. Renaud, A. 108, 130. Rennalrldhe.,1(2}7.c a7 Reyne , v. . ., . Reynolds, 1111., 123. Reynolds, Capc. E. 8.,27. Reynolds, J., 138. Reynolds, 0. H., 1041. Reynolds, R. B., 104. Rich, E. 0., 108, 129. Rich, J ., 129, 134. RichardsJ. W., 122. Richardson and 00., 136. Richardson, H. A., 125. Richanlson, 125. Richardson, J., 128. Riebe, J. 11., 28. Rimington, F. 0., 122. Rimington, H010, and Langley, 111, 132. Ritchie, Steuarn and 00., 100, 105, 113. R. Kolajee and 00., 116. 1101013110, R., 104. Roberts, N., 119. Roberts, W. 5., 127. Roberts, W 129. Rodrigues, B., 116, 188. Rodrigues, J. L., 133. Rodrigues, J. M., 133. Rodrigues, P. 0., 101. Rogers and 00., 114, 131, 1 33. Rogers, Hon. A., 25, 119. Roonan, N., 128. Rose, 8., & 00., 116, 136. Roux, J., 105, 129. Rowe, Rev. J., 122. Rowell, H. S.. 128. Rowland and 00., 117, 118, 137. Rowland, F., 120, 137. Roy, W., 103, 121. Rozare, H., 28. Ruelberg, O. H., 103, 126. Rughoonahh Narayen KhObe, 97, 98. Runchordns Ghela and 00., 111. Russell, J. (3., 101, 129. Russell, S. 8., 126. Rustomjee and 00., 115. Rustomjee Ardaseer, 82.1 Rustomjeo Cowmsjee Ba~ hadurjee, 98, 138. xxii MACLEAN’S GUIDE TO BOMBAY. Rustomjee Dadabhoy Gama and 00., 108. Rustomjee J. Nadershah, 138. Rustomjee Merwanjee, 138. Rustomjee Nowrojee, 114, 186 Rustomjee Nusserwanjee Khory, 138. Rustomjee Sorabjee, 133. Rustom ee SOTBJJJEG and 00., 111, 137. Buttonsee Mooljee, 134. Ruttoniee A. Nowrojee and 00., 113. Ruttonjee Bomanjee and 00.,118, 134. Ruttonjee Gowasjee, 136. Ruttonjee Nusserwanjee Oonwalla, 1 1 l. Ruttonjee Rustomjee,136. Ryan, F., and 00,112,133. Ryan, J., Sr., 130. Ryan, J. Jr., 130. Ryan, P., 26, 130. Ryrie, R., 102. B. Kolejee & 00.,116, 135. 8 Sacarsm Arjoon, 13B. Sadanund Shrikrishna~ . jee and 00., 114, 132. Sajpall Heerjee, 111. Sakharam Arjun, Asst. Surg., 36. Salleebhoy Tyabjee and 00., 110, 137. Salmon, 0apt.W. A., 27, Salmon, 0., 101. Sands,J., 102. Bands, R. L.,120. Sanders, R. F., 1.23. Saone, A. P. de., 103,127. Sargaent, Hon. Sir 0., 34, 1 Sartorius, Capt. G. 0., Sassoon, D., and 00., 100, 105, 114. Sassoon, A.D., 105. Sassoon, E. D., 105, 118. Bassoon, R. D., 105. Sassoon, S. D., 105, 125. Sassoon, Sir A. D., c.s.r., 105 Saunders, A.D.,108, 121. Saunders, J.,129 Banquet. F., 105. Sawyer and 00., 117. Schmidt, 01., 127. Schneider, Lt.-001. F., 27, 28. Schneider, Brig-n-Genl. J W .27 Schwenlmer, E., 124. Scobie, R., and 00., 118, 133. Scobie, R., 124. Scoble, Hon. A. 11., 25, 132. Scott and 00., 133, 136. Scott, R., 139. Scott, J. W., 113, 123, 126, 133, 134. Scott, McClelland and 00,113,131. Scott, Capt. W., 27. Searle, W.L., 32,124. Sedgwick, F. W.,112, 122, l 4 3 . Sedgwick, R., 103. Sedgwick, R. B., 126. Serruys, E., 28. Setterfield, J ., 119. Sevestre, W., 101, 119. Sexton, Maj. J. M., 29, 124. Shaik Ebrahim, Sube- dar, 29. Shamjee Morarjee, 108. Shamrao Bhasker, 34. Shamrao Pandoorung, 114, 132. Shantaram Narayen, 97, 9 8. Shantaram Vithal, Asst. Surg., 36. Shapoorjee and Thakirr- das, 110, 132. Shapoorjee Hormusjee Pavry, 137. Shapoorjee J amasjee Bhownuggree, 37. Shapoorjee Sorabjee Na- railwalla, 111, 137. Sharifi Salemahammad and 00., 108. Sherman, R. J., 125. Sharp, 0.J., 108, 121. Sharp, Dr. E. P., 128. Sharples, A. W.,120. Shavaksha Sombjee Da- vur, 139. Shead, W. 11., 125. Sheel, J., 127. Shellim, J. 11., 105. Shepherd, J. A., 117. Shepherd, J ., 127. Shillito, J., 138. Shortt, 001. A. Y., 27. Bhumboo Pin-sad Luxmi- lall, 27. Sibille L. and 00., 111. Siegfried, 11., 105. Siegfried, Jaqnes, 105. Siegfried, Jules, 105. Siegfried, Jules, and 00., 100, 105. Sigg, G., 102, 124. Sigg, J. G., 105 Simpson, A., 128. Simpson, W., 104, 127. Singpson, Lieut. R. S., 1 3 Sinclair, D., 109, 128. Sinclair, Surg. 0., 27. Sinclair, W., 127. Singer, L., 105. Sirdar Khan, 99. 811(2i4nderoghl ow, G., Skipsey, R. A. R., 114, 124,132. Slater, D. McL., 112, 1 31. . Sleater, J. M., 122, 127, Sleema-u, H. 13., 118. Slight, J. W., 109, 119. Engage, C. 117, 128, Small, Rev. J., 127. Smeaton, W.G. 128. Smeatou, J ., 123. Smeaton, A. D. 123. Smellie, W. J., 121. Smith, D., 124. Smith, J. 0., 105. Smith,J., 125. Smith, F. H., 125. Smith, E. J., 126. Smith,F. Y., 126, 180. Smith, R. (1., 124. Smith, s.,3e. 126, 138. Smith, W., 121. Smytton. W., G., 128. Snelleks, R., 121. Soares, J., 105, 111, 119. Scares, Joseph, and 00.. D- INDEX TO NAMES. 21111 Sobagchund Galalchund, 134. Solomon, 138. Solomon, S. S., 106. Solomon, J., and 00., 117. Somjee Parpia, 134. Sorabjee and Pestonjee, 134. Sombjee Bezonjee,139. Sorabjee Cowasjee and 00., 110, 132. Sombjee Framjee, 102. Bombjee Jamsetjee Je'eebhlgy, 98. Born. jee . Cooper, 98. Sombjee Pestonjee and 00., 118. Sorabjee Shapoorjee and ‘00., I36. Borabjee Bhfipoo r j a e Bengalee, 011., 25, 98. Boundy and 00., 105, 115, 136 . Soundy, A. F., 105, 123. Souter, Sir F. H., 0.1.1., Knight, 97, 98, 99, 129. Southern, R. L., 105. Southern, R. L., and 00., 100, 105 111. Sowyer, Gapt. G. W.,30. Spencer, A., 35. Splegxécer, Capt. A. G., 29, Spencer, .1. F. 35, 126. Spencer, N., 9’8, Spencer, W., 126. Spilling, A., 125. Spinner, 13., 105, 126. Spinner, E., and 00., 100, 105 114. Spring, Gapt. F. W. H., 29 Btace, Capt. E. V., 27. Stacey, G. 13., 122. Stacey, G, D., 122. Stagling, M. H., 110, 126, 1 2 Btaveley, H. E. Lieut- Genl. Sir C.W.D., 25, 29, Stead, Rev. 8., 37. Stead, H. 121. Btearns, Hobart and 00., 100, 105, 118. Stefienauer, L., 122. Stephens. G., and Sons, 133, 18 Stevens, 1“. W., 110. Stevens, Mai. G. 8., 27. Stevenson, Lieut. F., 128. Stewart, A., 102. Stewart, 0., 127. StewartI O. A., 78. Stewart, W., 37. Stewart, W. 8., 12-1. Stipperger, J. L., 103. Stillston, .I. W., I21. Stockley, S. W., 129. Storar, J., 127. Storm: and Buchanan, 110, Btragtan, E. Van Der, 34, 11 Stuart, (3. A., 78, 127, Stumgof, C. A., 124. Succaram Narayeu, 98. Sudashiv Vishwanath Dhoorundhnr, 114, 132, 138 Summers, G. A., 85,124. Suntookiee SnrabjeeSun- tookjee and 00., 134. Snrvotum fluccaram, 84. Swan, J. 13., 120. Swanson, Lt.-Gol. F., 29, Swift and Farrow, 115, 137. Bwinhoe, Maj. 0., 29, 123, Symons, J. L., 102, 126. S. P. Framiee, 108. S. Shapoorjae .2 00., 116. '1.‘ Tait, A. 120. Taraidas Vurjdaa and 00., l S. Taylor, A., 87. Taylor, G , 126, 132. Taylor, G., 128 Taylor, W. C. 121. Temuljee Bhicaiee, 138. Tennent, W. M., 113. Terry, G. W., 35. Thacker, 0‘01. J., 30, 98. Thacker, Vining and 00., 105, 118, 132, 137. Thacker, W., 105, 125, Tharsee Luckmidas, 116. Thatcher, 001, T., 123. Thom, Surg.-Genl. W., 30, 129. Thompson 8; Westa11,13£. Thompson, G. B., 128. Thomson and Taylor, 118, 133. Thomson, H. I. P., 130. Thompson, 1., 121 Thorburn, J., 98, Thorburn,T., 127 Thorlcy, W., 125. Thorpe, 'H. 124. Thggpe and 00., 115, 110, In, 120. Thow Ving, 137, 139. Tobin, P., 126. Townshend, G. R., 1211. Trent, W., 122. Treacher and. ('10., 118, 131, 133, 136, 137, 13°. Trevor, A. G. 37, E20. Trimbukrao fiapoojeefit Tristram, W. 13., 104. Tudball, G., 122. Tudor and (10., 110. Turnbull, 8 urg.-llai. P. 8., 30. Turner, A. F., 99, 130. Tux-1113202, G. A., 34, 110, Turner, F., 38. Turner, J. L., 120. Tyabjee and 00., 108, 132. Tyabjee, B., 132. TyebJee, G. and 00., 114. Tye, G., 119. U Urquhart, Rev. J ., 127. V Vandrawnndae Pursho- tumdas, 98. Vaz, A., 113. Veggik Hurriclmndjee, Venayak Wassoodew, 26. Venayekrao H n r r y - chund, 132. Venayekrao Ramchun- dra Luximonjee, 98. Viegas and (30., 112. Vinay & 00., 100, 106, 115. Vinay, J. V., 105. Vining, F. W. J ., 105, 128. Vind, Lt. D., 29. Vishnu Ghauasham, 139. Vishwanath N. Mundlik, gllson. Rao Saheb, 25, 84, Visram Mhowjee and 00., 112- XXIV MACLEAN’S GUIDE TO BOMBAY. Vitters, W. L., 125. ix, F., 105. olkart Brothers.,100,105, 118. Volkart, G. G., 105. Vuocino, P., 124, 137. Viiggino, P., and 00., 117, Vurjoewundas lladhow- das , s. Vlfisuutrao Hurrichund, 6. W Wane, Lt.B., 29. Wagee Ragowjee, . 1 . Waite, W. E., 123. Wake, Maj. A. J., 29. Waldmann, Rev. G., 125. Walke, J. F., 122. Walker and 00., 114. Walker, 13., 103, 120. Walker, J.,127. Walker, W. H., 32. Walllane and 00., 100, 106, 11 . Wallace, A. F., 106. Wallace, J., 108, 128.. Wallace, L. A., 106. Wallace, R , 100. Walshe, J., 122. Walshe, Lovett and 00., 112. \Valslhe, Capt. W. P., 99, 2 Walton, 11.11., 118, 125, 133. Walton, R. G., 98, 130. Warden, Lieut., 123. Warne, N. J. P., 122. Wardrop, Haj. A., 29. Wasoodew Chrishna Ma.- halay, 139. Wassoodeo Pandoorang, 26. 111, Water’, A. G., 121. Watkins, E. 0., 120. Watkins, W., 127. Watson and 00., 112, 117, 134, I36, 139. Watson, D., 106. Watson, W., and 00., 106, 111, 131, 134, 131. Watson, Eagle and 00., 100, 106, 112. Watson, Maj. J. W., 27. Watson, W., 106. Watt, A. 0., 36. Webb, W.,114. Webb, W 0.,36, 132. Webb, R. H., 125. Weber, B., 122. Weber, C.L., 126. Webster, S. E., 103, 121. Weedon, P., 103, 128. Weir, Surg. '1‘. 8., 98. Wells, W.,“, 125. West, Maj. E. W., 28. West, Hon. R., 34. West,J., 108, 124. Westall, J., 127. Westlake. J., 134. Sir Wheatley, Madden and 00., 106,113,131, 134. Whitaker, W., 99. Whitcombe, C. P.,127. White, 0., 126. White, Lt.-Col. B., 124. White, Lt.-Col. J. H., 33. Whitehead, G. H., 122. Whitehead, F. W., 128. Whitworth, G. 0., 25, 26, 2 7. Williams, P., 139. Williams, H. W., 120. Williamson, C. J.R., 125. Willmott, G., 125. Wilkinson, W. J., 125. Willoughby Lieut.-001. M. W., 29, 129. Wilson, 0. F., 124. Wilson, T., 101. Wilson, R. B., 124. Winckler, H., 128. Wingate, A., 26. Wingrove, G. B., 109. Winter, H. E., 28. Wittoba, F., 117, 138. Wodehouse, Capt. 0., 25. Wodehouse, H. E. the Hon. Sir P. E., 25. Wodehouse, Capt. R. K. B., 25. Wodin, B., 121. Wood, S. L., I22. Wood, '1‘. W. , 129. Wood, T., 123. ngdcock, (japt.'H. F., Woodrow, G. M., 86, Wooley, A., 121). Wordsworth, W., 35, 130, Worgan, 001. J., 29. Wray, Lieut. J. W., 28. Wright, H. L , B7, 129. Wright, 8., 30, Wright,E.,121. Wright, L., 12l. Wyer,M. B., 121. Y Y. A. Lucka and 00., 1 14, 116 Yeats, 0. L., 26, 28. Young and 00.,106, 117. Young, Lt. C. L., 28, 123. Young, 0. E., 128. Young, Lt.-Col. D. B., 30, Young, T. G., 106. Z Zerrenner, 0., 28, 117,124. OFFICIAL DIRECTORY. -——-‘—'-_ GOVERNMENT OF BOMBAY. His EXCELLENCY THE Hon’ble SIR PHILIP EDMOND WODE- HOUSE, K.0.B., G.0.S.I., Governor of Bombay, and. President, Legislative Council. His Excellency Lieut.-General SIB. CHARLES WILLIAM DUNBAR STAVELEY, K.0.B., Commander-in-Chief of the Bombay Army, and Second Member of the Legislative Council. The Hon’ble ALEXANDER ROGERS, Third Member of the Legislative Council of Bombay. The Hon’ble JAMES GIBBS, Fourth Member of the Legislative Council of Bombay. Additional Members of the Council of His Excellency the Governor for making Laws and Regulations. The Hon’ble A. R. SCOBLE, Advocate-General. (0n fwrlough.) The Hon’ble JOHN MARRIOTT, Acting. The Hon’ble Major-General M. K. KENNEDY, R.E. The Hon’bie Colonel W. C. ANDEnsoN. , The Hon’ble Rao Saheb VISHWANATH NARRAYEN MoNDLICK. The Hon’ble Nacona MAHOMED ALI Room. The Hon’ble E. W. RAVENSCROFT, 0.8.1. The Hon’ble DONALD GRAHAM. The Hon’ble Rao Bahadoor Bncnvnms AMBAIDAS, C.S.I. The Hon’ble SOEABJEE SHAPOORJEE BENGALEE. G. Cv erwom‘n, Acting Secreta/ry to the Council. Personal Stafl’ 01' H. E. the Governor. Captain C. Wonnnousn, Private Secretary. Captain J. P. E. JEIWOISE, 3rd Hussars, Military Secretary. Captain M. FAWKES, H. M.’s 89th Foot, Aide-de-Omn/p. Captain)R. K B. WDDEHOUSE, 62nd Regiment, Aide-de-Oa/mp. (On leave. Lieut. H. R. LEG. ANDERsON, Acting. One native Aide-de-Oa/rrw. Surgeon C. S. CLOSE, Surgeon. Captain A. CURRIE, 2nd Cavalry, Ofi‘iciati'rig Commandant of Gov em- or‘s Body Guard. 26 MACLEAN'S GUIDE TO some“. SECRETARIES, UNDER-SECRETARIES, M3. TO GOVERNMENT. F. S. CHAPMAN, 'Chief Becy., Rem, Finan. and Genl. Depts., and in charge 'of Separate Dept. H. E. M. JAMES, Under-Secy., nevi, Finan. and Genl. Depts., 059. Postmaster Genl., Bombay. ‘T. D. MACKENZIE, Acting. WASSOODEO PANDOORANG, 'Uncov. Asst. Secy., Rem, Finan. am! Genl. Depts. C. Gem, Sedy. Politieal, Secret, Judicial, and Educational Depts. J. NUGENT, Undem'Be'cy. Political, Judicial, and Educational Depts., and Seey'. to the Uonncil of H. E. the Governor for making Laws and Regulations. (0n fwrlough.) G. G. Wm'rwon'm, Acting. JAMES MACNABB CAMPBELL, on the special duty of compiling the Gazetteer. ANDREW WINGATE, on Special Duty at Bombay for compiling the Administration Report. P. RYAN, Banister-at-Law, Uncov. Asst. Secy., Political, Educational, and Secret Depts. G. Mums, Uncov. Asst. Secy. in the Judicial and Separate Depts- (On leave.) G. C. Gilder, Acting. Bti-JCol. J. A. M. MACDONALD, 8.0., Secy., Military, Marine‘and Ecclos. epts. . W. MAIDMENT, Uncov.'Assfi. Secy. The Hon'ble Maj-Gen]. M. K. KENNEDY, 3.15., Secy., P. W. and Railway Depts. Lia-Col. W. A. BAKER,‘B.E., Under-Seey., P. WQ'Dept. W. G. HUGHES, ew-oflicio Asst. Secy. to Govt, Irrigation Dept. G. LEVETT YEATS, Uncov. Asst. Secy., P. W. Dept. 001. J. 6. Film, KR, Under-Secy. to Govt-., Irrigatien Dept. (On fwrlough.) Col. 0. .T. MERRIMAN, R.E., Acting. - Lt.-Col. H. F. HANCOCK, R.E., Unde1--Secy., Railway Dept. TRANSLATORS T0 GOVERNMENT. Venayek‘Wa'ssoodew, Oriental Trans- E. Menesse, Portuguese Translator. labor. J. N. C. Beyts, French Translator. POLITICAL D EPARTHENT. 27 POLITICAL DEPARTMENT. (New Secretaniat Buildings, Frere Town, Esplanade.) G. GONNE, Secretary. J. NUGENT, UnderSecy. (O G. 0. WHITWORTH, Acting. ADEN. l Brigr.-Genl. J. W. Schneider, 0.13., l ' Political Resident. l ‘i E My]. G. R. Goodfellow, 8.0., First ssistant. (0111111100.th Lt. W. P. Kennedy, Actg. Second Assistant. Capt. F. l. Hunter, Acting. Burg. W. Nolan, Civil Surg. and Supt. of Jail. Surg. G. W. R. Hay, H.D., Port Surg. Maj. G. S. Stevens, Comdt. Aden Troops. AKALKOT. H. J. Grant, 0.8., Actg. Collector and Political Agent. BARODA. P. S. Melvill, 0.8.1., Agent to the Gown-Gaul Capt. F. H. Jackson, 8.0., Actg. Asst. Resident in charge Okhamandal. 0&pt.B.. G. Mayne, 6.0., Actg. Asst. Resident in charge of the District of Amrolee, and Ofg. Supt. of Gae- kwar’s Contingent in Kattyawar. Lt. J. Grant 5.0., Comdt. H. H. the Gaekwar‘e Battalion at Dhm-ee. Capt. Walter Scott, Actg. Asst. in charge, Oklmmaudal Dist, and Comdt. Wagheer Corps. Burg-Maj H. Atkins, Residency Surg. OOLABA. G. W. Elliot, Actg. 00111'. and P01. Agent. George Larcom, Asst. Political Agent. GUTGH. Lt.-001. LC. Barton, 80., Political Agent and 00111‘. of Stamp Revenue. Snrg.-1la,j. H. R. McDougall, in medi- cal charge. FRONTIER OF UPPER SHED. C01. ‘1‘. Nuttall, S.0., Actg. Supt. and Ofig. Comdt. Sind Frontier Force. Capt. E. S. Reynolds, 5.0., Asst. Poli' tical Supt. and Magistrate, and Ofg. Second in Comdt. S. Frontier Force. Surg. 5. WE. Banks, Aotg. Civil Surgeon, Jacobabad. n furlough.) KAT 'I‘YAWAR. J. B. Peile, 0.S., Political Agent and Collr. of Stamp Revenue. . T. Candy, 0.8., Actg Judicial Asst. t0 the Political Agent. Maj. J. W. Watson S.C., First Asst. Pol. Agent. in charge Scrath. , Capt J. M. Hunter, 1111., Actg. Second 1 Asst. Political Agent, Jhalawad. l Capt. E. V. Stace, 8.0., Actg. Third 1' Assistant. < Capt. W. A. Assistant. .1. Crowley, First Dy. Assistant. Ca t. W. Scott, 3.0., Asst. Political gent in charge, Gondal State. Mahadeo Narayen Shirganmker, Asst. Pol. A cut incharge, Limree State. Slug. Maj. A. M. Blomfield, Actg. Civil Surgeon. E. H. Percival, 0.8., J oint-Administra- tor, Bhownuggur State. R. B. Shumboo Pursad Luxmilall, Joint-Adonnistrator, Morvi State. KOLAPORE. 001. F. Schneider, 8.0., Political Agent. Lt. W. B. Ferris, Asst. Political Agent and Second in 0011111., Kolapore Inf. Corps, pro um. S. Hammick, 0.8., Asst. Pol. Agent, and Tutor to the young Maharajah. Surg. G. Sinclair, in Medicalcharge. MAHIKANTA. Maj. P. H. LeGeyt, 8.0., Political Agent and Supt. of H. H. the Gaokwar’s Contingent of Horse. P. S.FitzGe1-a.ld, Actg. Asst. Pol. Agent. PALUNPOBE. 001. A. Y. Shortt, 8.0., Political Supt. POONA. W. H. Newnbam, Actg. Agent for Sirdars. MWAKA-NTA. Lt.-001. W. C. Parr, 6.0., Political Agent. ‘ Salmon, Fourth l l 28 MACLEAN’S GUIDE TO BOMBAY. SANG-LI. Maj. E. W. West, 8.0., Joint-Adminis- crater. SAWAN'J.‘ WARRE E . Col. J. F. Lester 5.0., Political Supt. " and Comdt. of the Sawsnt Warree local co 5. Lt. J. W. ray 8.0., Actg. Asst. Politi- cal Supt, and second in comd. of the local corps. Asst-Burg. D. G. Dalgaxlo, inmedical charge. BIND. Lt. Col. SirW. L. Merewether K.C.S.I., C.B., Commissioner. W. LeeWarner, C.S., Actg. Asst. Commr. H. Rozare, U.S.,Asst. Commr. SOUTEJERN MAHRA‘I‘TA COUNTRY. Lt.—Col. F. Schneider, S.C., Political Agent. H. E. Winter, Actg. Asst. Political Agent. Surg D. E. Hughes, M.D., Actg. Civil Surgeon. Lt -001. W. C. Anderson, 8.0., Survey and Settlement Commissioner. SURA'I‘. W. R. Pratt, C.S., Actg. Agent to H. E. the Governor. E. C. K. Ollivant, 0.5., Asst. Agent in charge of the Sucheen State. THUR AND PARKUR. Capt R. I. Crawford, 3.0., Political Superintendent. FOREIGN CONSULS A'I‘ BOMBAY. AHEBICA—B. F. Farnham, Consul. AUSTBO-HUNGARIAN—J. Brandenburg, Consul-General. W. G Hall, Consul. BELGIUM—E. Scrruys, Consul-General. H. Flugge, Consul. (0n,leave.) George Groux, Acting. Fumes—M. Le Comte de Chappide- ' laine, Consul. (On leave.) M. de Bou- signac, Acting. GERMAN Eurnm—Carl Kapp, Consul. (On leave.) ITALY—Cavaliere J can Gallian, Consul. Monsieur de Chevalier Charles Gron- dona, Actg.-Con5\11. NETHERLANDS—C. T. Meili, Consul. PERSIA—Mil‘za. Fuzloolahkhan, Consul- General. PORTUGAL—S. A. de Carvalho, Vice- Consul. BxsuflPercy Leath, Consul. C. B. Forbes, Acting. SWEDEN um NORWAY—J. H. Riebe, Consul. (On leave.) J. Brandenberg, Acting. Tonia—Hussein Efl'endi, Consul- General. (Onleave.) Charles Zerren- ner, Acting. (On leave.) PUBLIC WORKS DEPARTMENT. (Opposite Bombay Post Ofice, Frere Town, Esplanade.) Maj.-Genl. M. K. Kennedy, R.E., Secy. to Govt. Lt.-Col. W. A. Baker, Under-Secy. to Govt. Col. 0. J. Merriman, R.E., Actg. Under- Secy.,Irrigation Branch, and Actg. Chief Engineer. Lt.-Col. H. F. Hancock, R.E., Under- Secy., Railway Branch, and Consult- ing Engr. for Railways. C. L. Yeats, Asst Secy. to Govt. Pryce Phillips, Examiner of P. W. Ac- counts. Lt. F. Beauclerk, Actg. Dy. Examiner of P. W. Accounts. W. Barrow, Assist. Examiner (Term) Lt. W. I. LeBreton, S.C., Ofg Examj. nor of Guaranteed Railway Accounts. 8. M- Johnson, Assist. Examiner. Wv F. O’Donoghue, Assist. Examiner. (Tem.) Ca. t. E. L. Man'yat, R.E_., Actg. Dy. onsulting Engr. for Railways. Lt. C. L. Young, R.E., Actg. Dy. Con- sulting Engr. for Railways. 001. J. A Fuller, R.E., Supdg. Engr., and Architectural Ex. Engr. and. Surveyor. Maj. G. L. C. Merewether, Supt. Bom- bay Defences. 30 MACLEAN’S GUIDE T0 BOMBAY. MILITARY PAY OFFICE. Hornby Row. Maj. M. C. Perreau, 5.0., Ofg. Presi- dency Paymaster. Capt. H. F. Woodcock, Asst. Pay- master. Lt.-Col. H. F. Disbrowe, Pension Pay- master. MEDICAL ESTABLISHMENT- Burg.-Genl. William Thom, F. R. 0. 8., Surg.-Genl., Bombay. Dy. Burg-Gem. W. G. Hunter, Dy. Surg.- enl. Bombay. Dy. Burg -Genl. D. R. Maokinnon, Dy. Surg.-Gen1., British Troops Bombay. Surg. A. H. Hughes, Presidency Surg., 1st Dist., Malabar Hill. Burg-Maj. E. H. R. Langleg, Gig. Pre- sidency Burg, 2nd Dist, splanade. Burg-Maj. W. P. Partridge, Presidency Burg" 3rd. Dist, Mazagou. MISCELLANEOUS. Capt. John Jackson, Barrack Master, Military Store Lane. Lt.-Col. W. '1‘. Chitty, S 0., Controller of Military Accounts, Poona. Capt. C. J. Durand, 5.0., 017g. Exa- miner, Pay Dept. S. Wright, Asst. Examiner, Pay Dept. Lt.-Col. D. B. Young, 5.0., Ofg. Examiner, Commissariat, Barrack, and Clothing Accounts. Capt. 0. G. Cautley, Ofg. Examiner, Ordnance Accounts. Surg.-Maj. P. S. Tumbull, Examiner, Medical Accounts, in charge of the Military Fund, Medical Retiring Fund, and the Indian Service Family Pension Fund Office. Capt. G. W. Sowyer, in charge Ac- count Branch, Controller‘s Office. 08. t. J. A. Jacob, 8.0., Supt. Army chools. 001. J.Thacker, Supt, Army Clothing, Lall Baugh, Par-ell. DISTRIBUTION OF THE BOMBAY ARMY. Corps. Station. Station. Corps. OAVALRY. 0. 1111101011, ROYAL British. Hones LITILLEEY. 8rd (The Kin g' s Own) Hussars Mhow. Native. 1st Re . Light Ca- va .... .. . Poona. Squadron... Baroda. 2nd Regt. Lt. 0a- valry Deesa. S uadron . Rajkote. 3rd 1;. Lt. Cavalry. N eemuch. Squadron .... .. . Nusseerabad. Poona Horse Siroor. Detachment .... .. Khandeish. 1st Rt. Sind Horse . J acobabad. 2nd do 0 . J a/cobabad. 3rd 110. do. ...Jacobabad. Governor’s B o d y Guard ....... .. Bombay. Aden Troop ..Aden. D Battery .. E Battery 4m saromx 11.01:“. H ARéILLEBY. ead uarters .... .. Ahmedabl‘d, A Battery .Kirkee, ‘ B Battery .. .Deesa. 0 Battery .. Belgaum. D Battery .. Hyderabtd. E Battery .. Neemlieh. — F Battery .. Ahmedabad. ‘ G Battery ..... .. ; ~, Brn 11121011111. 1101.11. ABTILLERY. Head rters .... .. Bombay. No. 1 attery .. Bombay. No. 2 Battery .....I...A.deu, DISTRIBUTION 01" THE BOMBAY ARMY. 81 Corps. Station. Corps. I Station. N0. 8 Battery .... .. Aden. 56th (West Essex) Under No. 4 Battery .... .. Mhow. Regiment .... .. Km-mchee orders Mo. 5 Battery .... .. Aden. Detachment .... .. Hydrabad for Lo. 6 Battery .... .. Bombay. Aden. 9m muons non]. 66th (Berkshire) AETILLBBY. Regiment, Head Quarters ....... .. ,Ahmednuggnr. Head Quarters . Kirkee. Win ....... .. ,Bombay. B Battery Kurrachee. Detachment .lSattuia. E Battery .. .. Kirkee. Half Battery .. .. Baroda. 68th (Dnrham)Regt anseerabad. F Battery Ahmednugg-ur. Detachment .... .. Neemuch. Under NATIVE an“. 83rd (County of Dublin) Regt... Deesa. if“?! 1 Mountain BatteryRajkote. Detachments Ahmed - 0' hm” 2 do. do. Jacobabad. abad & 1.2% (lee Baroda. H d ssmns Aim {mar MXNBBB. a ' A’atz've. Head Quarters .... .. Kirkee. 1st Company. .. let Regt. (0105.)...Ahmedabad. 2nd Company. ' 2nd Begt. (Grds.)... Belgaum. 3rd Company . .. ' 3rd Regt. (Light)... Kl-lapoor. 4th Company .... .. Aden 4th Regt. (Rifles)... Samlra. 5th Company .... .. Kirkee. Detachments .... .. Bombgly, and Ash'- gar . mummy. British. 5th Regt. (Light)... Poona. 6th cht ........ .. . 2nd (The Queen’s Detachment .... .. Perim. Royal) Regt. lst Battalion Poona. 7th Rajkote. 7th (R0 :11 Fnsi- W'ing .Tnnna. . liers 2nd Bat- talion .......... .. Belganm. 8th Regt. . Poona. 15111 (York, East 9th .Baroda Riding) Regt. 2nd Battalion Head 10th Ragt- (Light).. Mehidpoor. Quarters .......... .. Deesa. Wing ................ .. Agar. Detachment .... .. Ahmedabad and 17thRe (Leceeter- Baroda. 11th Regt .... .. Bhooj. shire 2nd Batta- 12th Regt .. Dharwar. lion. Heed Quar- _ ters...................\i];low. 13th Regt... ...Malllzanm. Detachment... .. Asseorghur. Wing... . Ahmellabad. . ....... .. Indore, 11th Rogt . Belgium. _ 56th (Weetmore. 15th Regt... . Ahmednnggur, land) Regiment... Aden (under orders 18th Regt-u . Nusseerabad. for England). 17 th Eegt ....... .. .. Surat. 32 MACLEAN’S GUIDE TO some“. Supt. of Marine. J. N. C. Beyts, Acct-t. to the Dockyard, and Paymaster Hnlks and Vessels in Ordinary. Henry Morland, Lt., late I. N., Agent for Transports, Asst. Resident Trans- port Officer, and Signal Oflicer. Slug-Maj E. H. R. Langley, Marine Surgeon. G. B. Hewett, Lt., late I. N., Dock- master. G. O’B. Carew, Lt., late I. N., Marine Storekeeper. C. Christian, Hony. Capt., Asst. Marine Storekeeper. F. Kirehel, Master Boatswain of the Dockyard. C. Powell, Master Sailmaker of the Dockyard. Corps. Station. Corps. Station. 18th Regt... Deesa. 28%1 aeginolmentt .... .. £2312: e 0 en .... .. . 19th Regt . Sholapoor. 29th Regt_ or 2nd 20th Regtm BombaY- Belooch Regt .... .. Kurmchee. 21st Regt. or Marin Wthggmfierob’s J b bad Battalion .......... .. Bombay. 8 egt. .... .. 833 gm n66: 22nd Regt. .. Baroda. Demehmem ' 23rd Regt. '(Light).. Mhow. " 24th Regt ............. .. Neemuch. BANITARIA- 25th Regt. (Light).. MhOW. colaba" Wing .. , Indore. Poorundhur. Ghizri. 26th Regt... Poona. Mount Ab“. 27th Regt- 0? 13" Salaba Khan's Tomb, Ahmednnggur. BeloochReglment Tamgarh (Light) ............. .. Hyderabad. Bulwn MARINE DEPARTMENT. (Dockyard, Apollo Street.) G. T. Robinson, Commander late I. N., E.H. Ensor, Inspr. Transport Flotilla. 5‘11“- Of Man-“9’ Dockyard and R65” R. Hilton Inspr. of the Dockyard. dent Transport Officer. _ ’ D _ h M George Ingle, late I. N., Secy. to the “$222 humeeb 05" am“ Rustomjee Ardaseer, Asst. Master 61‘. G. Mathews, Chief Engineer and Inspr. of Machinery. ' J. Brebner, Lt., late I. N., Shipping Master, and officer in charge Hydran- lic Lift, Hogg Island. W. E. Walker, Dy. Shipping Master. F. Doolittle, M.D., Medical Inspr. of Seamen. W. L. Searl, Lt., late I. N., Dy. Conser- vator and Master Attendant of the Port, and Registrar of Shipping, 84c. W. G. Corke, lst Asst. Master Attend- ant, and Protector of Emigrants. D. Jolly, 2nd Asst. Master Attendant and Harbour Master. COTTON FRAUDS DEPARTMENT. 33 FINANCIAL DEPARTMENT. ACCOUNTANT GENERAL’S OFFICE. (New Secretariat Buildings, Frclrc Town, Esplanade.) ‘ J. L. Lushington, 0.8., Acctt.-Gen1. and Acctt. to the High Court. W. E. Gordon, Dy. Acctt.-Gen1. ‘ W. Wells, Asst. Acctt.-Genl. E. M. Palmer, Ofg. Asst. to the Acctt- General. B. E. Hamilton, Asst. to the Acctt. General. (Ojfg. Asst Commr. of Paper Currency, Calcutta.) Babu Rajaninath Roy, M.A., Ofi'g. Asst to the Acctt. General. MONEY ORDER OFFICE. (New Secretariat.) R. E.Hamilton, Asst. to Acctt.-Gen1., in charge. (On special duty.) Babu Rajaninath Roy, Actg. The following are the rates of com- mission charged on money orders is- sued, viz. :— (Rs. 10 .... .. Rs. 0 2 0 | ,, 25 .......... .. 0 4 0 0n sumsnot{ g, . . . - . . . . . . .. 3 g ' g, . . . ’ s - v i n . H excee‘lmg I ,, 100 .......... .. 1 0 0 ,, 125 .......... .. 1 4. o L .. 150 .......... .. 1 s 0 No single order can be granted for more than Rs. 150. PAPER CURRENCY OFFICE. (Rampart Row, opposite National Bank.) J. L. Lushington, 0.8., Commissioner. G. W. Cline, LL.D., F.G.S., Barrister- at-Law, Asst. Commissioner. ' E. W. S. Login, Asst. to the Com- missioner. STAMP AND STATIONERY OFFICE. (New Secretariat Buildings, Frere Town, Esplanade.) F. F. Arbuthnot, Supt. of Stamps 1' and Stationery. J. Colebrook, Asst. Supt. of Stamps. MINT MASTER’S AND MINT ENGINEER’S OFFICE. (Moody Bay Road, next to Town Hall.) . Col. J. A. Ballard, C.B., R.E., Mint Master and Mint Engineer. (On fur- laugh: I Lt.-Col. J. H. White, R.E., Actg. L. G. Hynes, Asst. to the Mint Master. 0. Jones, Foreman of the Mint. (On I leave.) J. Masson, Acting. J. S. Maidment, Accountant ASSAY MASTER'S OFFICE. Surg.-Maj. H. W. Graham, Assay Master. (On leave.) Burg-Maj. P. F. Bellew, M.D ,Actg. ' F. W. Peterson, Acting Dy. Assay I Master. Chief Asst. and LAND REVENUE DEPARTMENT. (New Secretariat Buildings, Frere Town, Esplanade.) F. F. ARBUTHNOT, Collector of Bombay and Supt. and Stationery. of Stamps COTTON FRAUDS DEPARTMENT. F. TURNER, Actg. Inspr.-in-Chief. l S. J. HARRISON, Inspector. 34. nAcLEiN’s GUIDE TO BOMBAY. JUDICIAL DEPARTMENT. HIGH COURT OF BOMBAY. (Apollo Street.) The Hon’ble Sir MICHAEL Bosrnrs Wrs'rnorr, B.A., Knight (Barrister-at-Law), Chief Justice of Bombay. Puisne The Hon’ble Sir CHARLES SARGENT, The Hon’ble LYTTELTON HOLYOAKE The Hon’ble MAXWELL MELVILL, C. Justices. M.A. Knight (Barrister-at-Law). Bunny (Barrister-at-Law). S. The Hon’ble Onsamss GURDON KEMBALL, 0.8. The Hon’ble J. P GREEN, LL.B. (Barrister-at-Law). The Hon’ble RAYMOND Wnsr, M.A. The Hon'ble ROBERT HILL PINHEY (Barrister-at-Law). Onfm-lough. (Barrister-at-Law) . The Hon’ble NANABHAI HARIDAS, LL.B., Acting. The Hon’ble G. ATKINSON, B.A., Serjt.-at-Law, Acting. CURSETJEE FURDOONJEE PARUKH, Esq., Sherifi of Bombay. Government The Hon’ble .l'ohn Marriott, Barrister- at-Law, Aclg. Advocate-General. Risley Verney Hearn, Govt. Solicitor and Public Prosecutor. J. R. Naylor, 0.8., Remembrancer of Legal Affairs. Hon. Rao Saheb Vishvanath Narayen Mundlik, Actg. Govt. Pleader. Law Ofliosrs. William London, Administrator-Ge- neral. W. E. Hart, B.A. (Barrister-at-Law), Reporter to the High Court. Khunderao C.Beda.rkar, B.A., LL.B.. Officers of the High Court—Original Side. J. L. Lushingfon, Acctt.-General. G. H. Farran, M.A., Barrister-at-Law, Aclg. Master and Registrar in Equity and Commr. for taking Accounts and Local Investigations, and Taxing Oflicer. J . W. Orr, M.A., Barrister-at-Law, Prothonotary, Ecclesiastical and Ad- miralty Registrar. C.A. Turner, Actg. Assist. Commr. for taking Accounts, and Assist. Taxing Officer. W. Adams, First Deputy Registrar. Limjee Nowrojee Banajee, Barrister-at- Luw, Aclg. Second Dy. Re%strar. A. K. Ofiver, Additional Dy. egistrar. Translators an James Flynn, Chief Translator and Interpreter. Ballajee Pandooran , Second. Bhamrao Bhasker, hird. Trimbukrao Bapoojee, Fourth. and Harichundra Shamrao, Asst. Reporters. F. H. Brito,Aazg. Head Assist., and Aczg. Commr. for taking Affidavits. John Macpherson, B.A., Barrister-at, Law, (‘lerk of the Crown. J. J. , Dy. Clerk of the Frown. C. W. L. Jackson, B.A., Barrister’at- Law, Clerk and Sealer of the Insol- vent Debtors’ Court. H. Gamble, Official Assignee, Insolvent Bebtors’ Court. J. D. Inverarity, B.A., LL.B., Barrister- at'Law, Examiner of the Court for the Relief of Insolvent Debtors. Thomas Blaney, Sheriff of Bombay. E. Van Der Stratta-n, Dy. Sherifi‘. d Interpreters. Survotum Succaram, Fifth. Goolam Mohideen, Persian and Arabic. Ernest Menesse, Portuguese Trans- lath and Interpreter, EDUCATIONAL DEPARTMENT. 35 APPELLATE SIDE .—Mazsgon. A. 0. Watt, Registrar. Abajce Bulwant Bln'sey, Head Shel-is- Khunderao Chimunrao Bedarkar, B.A., team. LL.B., Dy. Registrar and Sealer. ' G. A. Summers, Asst. Registrar and Maha'deo Pandoor'mg- Denuw- Supt. of High Court Press. Eduljoo Nowrojee, Na- . Translators and Interpreters. J a asatyabodhrao Trimalrao and Harichundm Shamrao, in Marathi ghwandrao Ramchundcr, in and Guzerathi. Marathi and Cauarese. Bal Bhasker, in Marathi and Guzerazhi. BOMBAY SMALL CAUSE COURT. (Esplanade, Pique! Road.) J. O’Leary, Barrister-at-Law, First Bao Babadoor Gunputrao Bhasker,Actg J udge. 3rd Judge. A. Spencer, 2nd Judge. (Em-ope.) Hormusjee Dadabhoy, Aug. 4th Judge. E. Browning, Aug. 2nd Judge. J. F. Spencer, Clerk of the Court. REGISTRATION DEPARTMENT. (Top Floor of Uurreney Oflice, Meadow Street.) T. M. FILGATE, Inspr.-Genl. of Registration and Stamps. Atmaram Trimbuck, Head Assistant. Byramjee Dadabhoy, Special Registrar, Sub-Registrar of Fort and Colaba, Registrar of Joint-Stock Companies and Marriage Registrar. Keshao Koosliaba, Mandveo, and Atmaram Balkrislina, Bholeshwar, Special Sub-Registrars of Assurances. EDUCATIONAL DEPARTMENT. K. M. CHATFIELD, B.A., Director of Public Instruction. ELPHINSTONE COLLEGE.—Byculla. W. Wordsworth, B.A., Principal, T. B. Kirkham, Prof. of English and Prof. of Logic and Moral Philo- Literature. 80 hY- _ LE. Lyon, F.C.S. Prof. of Chemistry. J- Hatththwalte: M'A‘l me- 0" Ramkrishna. Gopal Bbandarkar, M.A., Mathemallcs- . Asst. Prof. of Sanskrit. P. Peterson, B.A., Prof. of On ental Languages_ G. V. Karkaray, B.A., Acty. Prof. E_ Giles, BA" Prof. of History and of History and Political Economy. Political Economy. Actg. Educa- Mirza Hirat, Prof. of Persian, and tional Inspector, N. E.D.) Hindustani Translator. ELPHINS'I‘ONE HIGH SCHOOL.—Esplanade, Piquet Road. .P. J acob, Principal. 1 A. Barrett, Aetg., Vice-Principal. SCHOOL OF ART AND INDUSTRY.—Esp1anade. G. W. Terry, Superintendent and J. Griffiths, Decorative Artist (on special Acting Decorative Artist. fluid?)- 0 36 MACLEAXYS GUIDE TO BOMBAY- GRANT MEDICAL COLLEGE .—Byeu11a. Burg-Maj. H. Cook, Principal, und‘ Prof. of Medicine and Clinical Medicine, and First Physician to Sir J.J. Hospital. Burg-Maj. H. J. Blane, 1LD., Aclg. Prof. of Surgery and Clinical Bur ery,and Senior Surgeon to Sir J. 5. Hospital and Prof. of Dental Surgery. Burg-Maj. A. N. Hojel, Prof. of Physiology and Hygiene and Second Physician to Sir J. J. Hospital. Surg. G. A. Maconachie, M.D., Prof. of Ophthalmic Medicine and Surgery, Ophthalmic Surgeon, and Prof. of Comparative Anatomy. Burg-Maj. W. Dymock, Prof. of Ma- teria Medica- Surg. I. B. Lyon, Prof. of Chemistry and Medical Jurisprudence, Chemi- cal Analyser to Government. Burg. J. Arnott, Prof. of Pathology. Surg. W. F. Knapp, Prof. of Anatomy, and Second Surg. toSir J. J. Hos- pital. Surg. A. H. Hughes, Prof. of Mid- wife , and ObstetricPhysician,Bir J. J. ospital. Burg. W. Gray, M.B., Prof. of Bo- tany. Asst. Sui-g. Bhicajee Amroot,G.G.M.C., Teacher of Anatomy and Physiology, Vernacular Class. Asst. Surg. Sakharam Arjun, L.M., Teacher of Medicine and Midwifery, Verna cular Class. Asst. Surg. Gopal Shivram, L.M., Teacher of Surgery and Medical Jurisprudence, Vernacular Class. Asst. Surg. Shuntaram Vithal, \L.M., Teacher of Chemistry and Materia Medica, Vernacular Class. Asst. Burgh Anna Moreshwar Kunte, B.A., .D., Demonstrator of Anatomy. Kaikhusro Rustomjee Vicajee, 13.11., Teacher of Chemistry and Medical Jurisprudence, Guzerathi Class. Dhirajrum Dulputram, ., Teacher of Anatomy and Physiology, Guzorathi Class. EUROPEAN GENERAL HOSPITAL.—Fort George. Burg-Maj. J. Pinkerton, Surgeon I Surg. J. Arnott, Asst. Surgeon. MISCELLANEOUS. Sure. Maj. P. Murphy, M.D., Supt. of Lunatic Asylum, Colaba. Sydney Smith, M. D., Health Oflicer of the Port. Surz. J. Ruby, M.D. Supt. Genl. of Vaccination. Asst. Surg. Anunta Chindroba, Supt. of Vaccination, Bombay. Surg. Maj. T. G. Hewlett, Actg. Sani- tary Commissioner. Surg. Maj. H. V. Carter, Atty. Surg., Goculdas Tezpal Hospital. F. Chambers, Actg. Supt. Govt. Obser- vatory, OOIaDa. James J ardine, M.A., Perry Professor of Jurisprudence. E. T. Leith, Barrister-at-Law, LL.M., and C. \Vehh, Burrister-at-Law, Government Professors of Law. Rev. D. C. Boyd, M.A., University Registrar. Ran Saheb Narayeu Vishuoo Baput, Curator, Govt. Central Book Depot. Krishna Shastree Chiploonkur, Reporter on the Native Press. Surg. W. F. Knapp, Curator ofMuseum. J. Burgess, M. B. A. S., F. R. G. 5., Archaeological Surveyor and Reporter to Government. Surgeon J. Anderson, K. L. 5., House Surg. J. J. Hospital. Surg. A. H. Hughes, Presidency Surg- First District. Sui-s. Maj. E. H. R. Langley, Presidency Burg, Second Dist. Surg. Maj. W.~ P. Partridge, Presi- dency Surg., Third Dist., in Medical charge of the County Jail House of Correction, and Byculla Schools. G. M. Woodrow, Supt. Botanical Gardens. J. Kingsmill, Supt. Government Cen- tral Press. ccsroms DEPARTMENT. 37 ECCLESIASTICAL ESTABLISHMENT. CHURCH OF ENGLAND. The Right Rev. Loms GEORGE MYLNE, M.A., D.D., Bishop of Bombay. The Venerable C. H. LEIGH-LYE, M.A., Archdeacon and Commissary. (On leave.) Rev. S. STEAD, M.A., Acting. L. Fletcher, Registrar of the Diocese. Rev. Ward Maule, LL.B., Chaplain, Presidency. Rev. George Carew Reynell, M.A., Chaplain, Byculla. Rev. A. G. Lewis, Actg. Garrison Chaplain. Rev. C. F. H. Johnston, M.A., Chaplain, Colaba. ESTABLISHED CHURCH OF SCOTLAND. Rev. D. Hacpherson, M.A., Actg. Senior Chaplain. CHURCH OF ROME. The Right Rev. L. Mnunm, Bishop. CUSTOMS DEPARTMENT. (Marine Street, next to Town Hall.) Lestock Reid, 0.8., 00mmr. and Re- H. E. Jacomb, 0.8., Dy. 00mmr., P.D. porter Genl. of External Commerce (On special duty.) for the Presidency of Bombay. A. 0. Trevor, 0.8., Acting. Asst. Commissioners—H. L. Wright, Nilcunt Anunt Josey, T. Major, E. H. Aitken, Shapoorj ee J amasjee Bhownu ggree. Preventive Service. J. Jervis, Superintendent. l W. Stewart, Dy. Superintendent. SALT DEPARTMENT. C. B. Pritchard, 0.8., Collector. N. R. Oliver, Asst. Collector, in A. Taylor, Dy. Collector, S. D. charge Head Quarters Oflice. Rates of Duty to be charged for Passengers’ Baggage. Wearing Apparel in \Vines. Champagne, actual use ................ ..Free. and all other spark- Do. for other parties 5 per Cent. ling Wines ....... ..Rs. 2-8 per Im.Ga1. Fire-arms, Ammunition Claret, and Still Bur- (Cartridges, &c.) .... ..10 ,, gundy ....... .. .. 1-0 ,, Cabinet ware ............. .. 6 ,, Allother sorts of still Spirits ................... ..Rs. 4 per Im. Gal. wines...... 1-8 ,, Beer, Ale, and Porter 0-1 ,, Saddlery and Harness... 5 per Cent. RULES FOR PERSONAL BAGGAGE. I. Personal Baggage consisting of Wearing Apparel, Bed and Table Linen in reasonable quantity and Bedding in actual use will be passed free. II. Each Military Officer will be allowed to pass free one Military Saddle and Bridle. All Military Officers will be allowed to pass free such Fire-arms only as may be considered parts of their Military Equipment. III. Engineer, Naval, and Medical Officers will be allowed to pass free all professional instruments for their own use. N orns.—All dutiable articles brought by Passengers either for themselves, or for others, will be charged with duty. Dutiable articles, although old or in use, are not exempt from duty, unless they have been used in India before. The Baggage of Passengers arriving from foreign Ports is subject to exami- nation, and such Passengers should therefore bring or send with an Agent the keys of their Portmanteaus and Boxes to the Custom House. 38 MACLEAN’s GUIDE TO BOMBAY. IMPORT TARIFF. How ' Nuns or ARTICLES. Charged. Vgggim Rate of Duty. Per Rs. A. Apparel, including Haberdashery and i ‘ Millinery, but excluding Boots, 5 Shoes, and Hosiery .. Ad valorem ‘7? cent. Arms, Ammunition, and Military Stores— _ Fire-arms, and parts thereof Ad valorem Gunpowder, common .. 0 5 Gunpowder, sporting lb 1 0 c? cent- All other sorts Ad valorem Brushes, all sorts Ad valorem Building and Engineering Materials— Asphalt . Ad valorem Cements, all sorts... . Ad valorem Earthenware piping .. Ad valorem Cabinet-ware and Furniture Ad valorem Candles—- Paraffin 1b 0 5 S ermacetti lb 0 8 ex fl) 1 0 All other sorts, including compo- sition Tb 0 5 Canes, Ratta-ns, articles made of (Jane ' or Rattan, and Basketwork— Canes, Malacca. dozen 1 0 Rattans .. cwt 7 0 All others sorts, except common bamboos, which are free... ... Ad valorem Carriages and component parts there- >5 1?" cent. of, except Railway Carriages and Trucks Ad valorem Chemical Products and Preparations— Acid, Sulphuric lb 0 2 Alkali, coun (sajji khar) cwt 2 0 Alum cwt 4 0 Arsenic cwt 25 0 Arsenic China. llansil . .. cwt 16 0 Brimstone, flour .. .. cwt 7 0 Brimstone, roll . .. cwt 6 0 Brimstone, rough .. .. cwt 4| 8 Copperas, green .. .. cwt 3 0 Salammoniac .. cwt 25 0 All other sorts . Ad valorem Chinese and Japanese ware,'including Lacquered ware, but excluding {Berthen ware, Chm' a, and Porce- aan Ad valorem IMPORT TARIFF. 39 How Tarifi‘ 1.319. Names or An'rrcmzs. Charged Valuation Rate of Duty. \~:; Per Rs. A. Clocks, Watches, 8: other Time-keepers Ad valorem " Coir and articles made of Coir— Matting ... Ad valorem Yarn ofall kinds cwt 9 0 Other articles made of coir, except cables and rope ... . Ad valorem Coral, real ... Ad valorem Cordage and Rope made of any vege- table fibre, except Cotton and J ute— Coir cables, tarred.. .. cwt 10 0 Coir rope .. cwt 10 0 Cordage, hemp, European... .. cwt 20 0 Cordage, Manilla .. cwt 25 0 Twine, European, Sail .. 1b 0 8 All other sorts .. Ad valorem Cork and articles made of Cork— Bottle-corks gross I 8 Vial-corks. .. .. . . . . gross O 8 All other sorts Ad valorem Cotton and articles made of Cotton— Cotton hosiery ... Ad valorem Cotton, raw, not the produce of Con- T C tinental Asia or Ceylon Ad valorem ‘f *3 otton rope cwt 25 0 Country canvas ... cwt 50 0 5 9%), cent' Piece Goods— Grey— J aconets, exceeding 10 by 10 to the quarter-inch lb 0 12 J aconets, other sorts 1b 0 10*} Mulls 1b 1 1 Printers...‘ fl... lb 0 101; Shirtings and Longcloths lb 0 9 T. Cloths 18 reed and upwards, an Madapollams lb 0 9} T. Cloths under 18 reed, Jeans, Domestics, Sheetings, & Drills... It 0 8 Other sorts n... Ad valorem Sewing Thread— Goa and Country cwt 30 0 On reels or cards containing 100 yards each, and pro rata above and below“ t .. gross 3 0 White and coloured . lb 1 0 " Duty to be charged either on the mark or on the actual length. Twist— J Mule—No. 15 and lower Nos. lb 0 5 a}? cent. 40 MACLEAN'S GUIDE TO BOMBAY. l Nurse or Almcmzs. Chgggad. V5335)“ Rate of Duty. "1 Per Rs. A. 1 Cotton, &c.—Oontd. ‘_r__"_- , Mule—Nos. 16to 24 .. Th 0 7 l- - - ’ Nos. 25 to 32 ... Th 0 8 '$ Nos. 33 to 42 . Tb 0 9i ' ‘ Nos.43to52 Ib 0 _11 Nos 53 to 60 ... 15 0 12‘} ‘ Nos. 61 to 70 ... 1b 0 14 Nos. 71mm 1b 0 . 15 1 And so on, one anna to be added 1 1 to the valuation per lb. for every f I count of ten, or part of a count of ten, above 80. Water—No. 20 and lower Nos. 11) 0 8 >3% (*1 cent, 1 Nos. 21 to 30 It 0 m; ‘ Nos. 31 to 40 1b 0 in ~ Nos. 41 to 60 Tb 0 13 Above 50 1b 1'“ 0 Twist, Orange, Red, and other l colours except Turkey Red" 1b 0 13 - Twist, Turkey Red, all kinds* 1b 1 6 I \ " Duty to be charged on the grey L ' ‘ weight of the coloured yarn : when ,. “'5, this is not ascertainable, the actual w J", a" Maren" wharf weight, or invoice weight, to be ‘ ‘ j 51,". “NH; , taken. , “1;, _;.,.l-m_q Cotton Goods, all other sorts Ad valorem 4.“; Drugs and Medicines, except Opium— '1- '5 I M . Aloes, black ' cwt 11 0 “so: Aloes, Socotra cwt 25 0 ,p Assafmtida. (hing)... cwt 65 .. 0 Assafaatida coarse (hingra) cwt 10 . 0 Camphor, Bhemsaini (bares) 1b 80 0 ; Camphor, refined, cake cwt 65 0 gamphor, crude, in powder cwt 40 0 assia ignea cwt 38 'Y 0 Salep cwt 80w 0 k 5 949' cent. Senna. leaves cwt 5 0 All other sorts, except Quim'ne, which isfree Ad valorem Dyeing and Colouring Materials— 11w Aniline dyes——Magenta and Roseine. oz. 0 4 Cochineal... Ii) 1 4| Gallnuts, country, Myrabolam cwt 4 0 Gallnuts, Persian cwt 25 Q 0 ladder or manjith cwt 12 n" 0 Orchilla weed cwt, 5 0 ,38apan wood and root ‘1 cwt 5 0 J ‘ IMPORT TARIFF. Nuns or An'rrcnns. 013226 d_ Vagrtlign Rate of Duty. Hides and Skins, &c.—Oontd. Per Bs. a. \ Skins— Goat score 16 0 Lamb score 6 0 Roan dozen 30 0 Sheep score 11 0 All other sorts Ad valorem Instruments and Apparatus— Musical Ad valorem Drawing, Measuring, Optical, Photo- graphic (including materials for hotography). Surveying, and Surgical (including surgical ap- pliances) ... Ad valorem O Ivory and Ivory ware— Unmanufactured-— Elephants’ grinders cwt 125 0 Elephants’ tusks, each exceeding 20 lbs. in weight cwt 450 0 Elephants’ tusks, not less than 10 i 5 ‘v' cent- lbs. and not exceeding 20 lbs. each cwt 825 0 Elephants’ tusks, each less than 10 lbs cwt 175 0 Sea-cow or moye teeth, each not less than 3 lbs. cwt 175 0 Sea-cow or moye teeth, each less than 3 lbs. cwt 60 0 Articles made of ivory Ad valornn ’ Jewellery, including Plate— Silver ware, Plain Other tolah 1 2 ,, Embossed} than { 0r chased. European. olah 1 8 All other sorts, except Precious Stones and. Pearls, which are free. .. Ad valorem Leather, and articles made of Leather, including Boots, Shoes, Harness and Saddlery, but excluding Belt- ing for driving Machinery, which is free ... Ad valorem J Liquors— _ l Ale, Beer, and Porter mp ' 881' Cider, and other fermented liquors. { o; 6 qrt" 1 Anna" ottles... Liqueurs do. IRS, 4. MACLEAN’S GUIDE TO BOMBAY. Nuns or An'rrcnss. How Charged. Valuation. l Rate of Duty. Liquors—Contd. Spirits, for use exclusively in Arts or Manufactures or in Chemistry, which has been rendered effec- tually and permanently unfit to human consumption Spirits, other sorts Wines— Champagne and Sparkling Wines Claret, and Still Burgundy All other sorts of Still Wines all other { Matches, Lucifer, and all other sorts... Mats- Floor matting, China and Singa- pore, of all sorts... All other sorts except coir matting... Per impl. gal. or 6 qrt.l)0t. of the strength of London proof. impl. gal. or 6qrt bot. do. do. Ad valorcm Ad valorem Metals, unwrought, wrought, and articles made of Metals— Brass— Beads, Ghungri, China Old Sheets, rolls, very thin Wire All other sorts Copper— Australian cake... Bolt Brazier‘s China cash Japan Nails and composition nails 01d Pigs and slabs, foreign Sheet, sheathing, and plate Tiles, ingots, cakes, and bricks Other sorts, unmanui'actured China white copper-ware Foil or dakpana... Wire All other sorts hundred thousand cwt cwt Ib cwt cwt cwt cwt cwt cwt cwt cwt cwt cwt 100 leaves Ad valorem Ad valorem QOOOOOOOOO 047.15 . 10 3?- cent. Rs. 4-, and the [ duty to be in- c r e a s e d in proportion as the strength of the Spirits exceeds Lon- don proof. Rs- 2-8. Re LO. Rs 1-8. W IMPORT TARIFF. 45 ow ' Nuns or ARTICLES. Cgrge¢ Va'fif‘zféifgm Rate of Duty. -'L __ __ .1. Per Rs, L Metals, &c FContd. 100 1 3 Gold Lea , Euro ean ... eaves 0 (field Leaf, Mockp 20 books 5 0 }5 V cent- ron— Anchors and cables Ad valore'm 1 Angle and '1‘ iron Ad ualorem Beams, pillars, girders, bridge- work, and other descriptions of iron, imported exclusively for building purposes Ad valorem Flat, square and bolt, including Scotch ton 100 0 Galvanised ... .. . CWt 11 0 Sheets and rid 'ng CWT! 11 0 Hoop, plate an sheet ton 135 0 Nails, rose, clasp, and flat-headed, rivets and washers cwt 12 8 r] 19' cent. Nails, other sorts, including gal- vanised Ad va-lorem Nail rod... ton 120 0 Old cwt 2 0 Pig ton 55 0 Pipes and tubes Ad valorem, Rice bowls . set of ten 4, 0 Ditto set of six 2 0 Rod, round, British, not exceed- ing half-inch diameter... ton 1'30 0 Rod, exceeding half-inch diameter. “0011 100 0 Swedish, flat and square... . ton 160 0 J Tinned plates cwt 15 0 ‘ All other sorts, including wire, but excluding railway materials, and kentledge, which last-named 'article is free Ad valorem Lametta, double reels score 4 8 Lametta, single reels score 2 4 Lead— Ore, Galena ...i cwt 13 0 gig cwt 11 0 ipes Ad valorcm Sheets, tea cwt 20 0 >5 ‘1’ cent“ . Sheets, other sort cwt 12 0 Orsidue and brass leaves, foreign, " European lb 1 2 Ditto ditto ditto China ‘ lb O 14 Patent or Yellow Metals, sheath- ing sheets, and bolts cwt 42 0 Ditto ditto ditto old cwt 37 0 Quicksilver ... lb 2 8 - Shot, bird t‘ ! cwt 16 0 J 1 l I IMPORT umrr. 47 Nuns or An'rronss. 01319;: d. Viggggn. Rate of Duty. Per Rs. A. Paints, Colours, &c.—-00ntd. Paints of sorts cwt 12 O T . Paints, Composition cwt 25 0 Paints, Patent driers cwt 14 0 . Prussian blue, China 1b 0 8 Prussian blue, European lb 1 8 Red lead... cwt 14 0 $urpentine impl. gal. 1 10 erdigris cwt 75 0 5 > cent. Vermillion, Canton bogdlgf 90 }150 0 (a? White lead cwt 12 0 All other sorts Ad valo'rem Paper— Wall paper Ad valorem Perfumery— Atary, Persian cwt 15 0 J Perfumed Spirit in wood, or in bottles containing more than half apint impl. gal. RS- 4'. Rose-flowers, dried cwt 13 O * Rose-water impl. gal. 1 12 All other sorts, including per- fumed spirits in bottles contain- ing not more than half a pint Ad valorem Piece Goods. not otherwise described. Ad valorem Pipes and other Implements used in the consumption of Tobacco Ad valo'rem Pitch, Tar, and Dammer— ' Bitumen Ad valorem Dammer cwt 5 0 Pitch, American and European cwt 6 0 Pitch, Coal cwt 2 8 gar, American and European cwt (25 3 ar, Goa cwt Tar, Mineral Ad valorem *5 1?“ cent- Provisions and Oilman’s Stores—- Bacon in canisters, jowls and cheeks lb f O 9 tierce 0 Beef and Pork b 3 cwt }so 0 arrel of Beef and Pork .. 2 cwt }4o 0 Cheese 1b 0 10 China Preserves ...‘box of6jars 8 0 barrel or 3 ROM ... ... ... { sack of}15 0 ~ , 200 lbs. Ghee ... r... ... CW1; 36 0 Groceries not otherwise described Ad valorem J IMPORT TARIFF. 49 How Tariif Nuns 01" ARTICLBB' Charged. Valuation. Rate Of Duty' Per Rs. A. Shells and Cowries. 00 til. Come—- From Mozambique and Zanzibar hundred 3 O From other places hundred 0 8 Cowries— Bazaar, Common cwt 2 8 Maldive... ... cwt 10 0 Sankhli cwt 50 0 Yellow, superior quality... cwt 5 O Mother-o’-pearl cwt 30 0 Tortoise-shell lb 6 0 Tortoise-nakh 1b 1 0 All other sorts, including nakhla Ad valorem Silk and articles made of Silk— Floss 1b 8 0 Piece Goods Ad valorem Raw Silk— Cha hamm and Cochin China 1b 4 0 Mathow... lb 1 12 Other kinds of China 11) 7 O Panjam and Kachra 1b 1 4 Persian Th 5 0 Siam lb 2 8 Sewing thread, China 11) 8 0 All other sorts Ad valorem Soap Ad valorem >5 ? cent. Spices— A niseed Star cwt 35 0 Betelnuts— Goa cwt 12 0 In the husk thousand 2 0 White, Srivarddhan cwt 18 0 All other sorts cwt 5 0 Chillies, dried cwt 8 0 Cloves .:. cwt 40 0 Gloves in seeds, Narlavang cwt 16 0 Mace Th 1 2 Nutmegs IT) 1 0 Nutmegs in shell lb 0 8 Pepper, black and long ... cwt 25 0 Pepper, white cwt 32 0 All other sorts .. Ad valorem Stationery (except paper, which is free) Ad valorem Sugar— China, candy cwt 20 0 Loaf cwt 23 0 Soft cwt 13 8 All other sorts of saccharine produce. Ad valorem cus'rous BONDED wannnousn. 51 o I); exercise of the powers conferred by Section 6, Clause I b“ of the Indian Tariff Act, 1875, the Governor-General in Council is pleased to direct as follows :— I (1.)—No Import Duty shall be levied on Salted Fish imported from any port in any part of British India excep't British Burma and Sindh, and protected by the certificate of an officer empowered in that behalf by the Local Government, that duty has been paid upon the salt used in curing such fish. (2.)—The duty chargeable on Fish “thus protected, and imported from any port in Sindh shall be Nine Annas a hundreliweight. (3.)—Sa1t, Opiu'm, and Spirits imperted from any port in 'British 'India and protected by the certificate of an officer empowered in that behalf by the Governor-General in Council or the Local Government, shall be chargeable with onl Y the amount, if any, by which the duty leviable thereon under SCh6( ule A to the said Act, exceeds the duty shown by such certificate, to have been already paid in respect of the article thus protected. The amount (if any) paid to the Government, in the Presidency of Fort St.‘ George, or elsewhere, as the price or Salt, Spirit, or Opium shall not be deemed to be duty within the meaning of this paragraph. R. B. Canaan, Secy. to the Govt. of India. Simla, 5th August, 1875. - - - cus'roms BONDED waannousm.‘ TABLE OF RATES FOR STORING, AND DELIVERING, AND BENT, How ‘ Etoring and! Rent er ENUHBBATION or Goons. Chargei ..Delivering weeg. Per Rs. A. r. Rs. A. P. Alum... cwt 0 l 4 0 0 4 BeefandPork... tierce 0 5 0 0 l 3 Do .barrel 0 4 0 0 l 0 Beer, Wines, and Spirits dozen quarts O 0 9 0 0 2 Do barrel 0 4 0 0 l 0 D0 hhd 0 8 0 0 2 0 Do butt 012 0 0 3 0 Betelnut cwt 0 1 0 0 0 3 Bullion ackage 1 0 0 0 8 0 Canvas baeochwt 0 6 0 O 1 6 Carriage 4-whceled 6 0 0 1 4 0 D0 2-whceled 3 0 0 012 0 Cement barrel 0 4 0 0 l 0 Cloves cwt 0 1 0 0 0 3 Coffee... cwt 0 1 0 0 -0 3 Copper, Yellow Metal, Iron, and Zinc Sheets case of 10 cwt 0 12 0 0 2 0 Do caseofficwt 0 6 0 0 1 0 Copperas cwt 0 1 3 0 0 4 Cotton bale 0 6 0 0 1 Dates... cwt 0 1 6 0 0 . i v D _ . sons“ PORT rnus'r. 53 BOMBAY PORT TRU ST. Son: of LANDING, Snirrme, WHABFAGE and Cannes Canons, of charges for Storage and Demurrage of Goods; for permission for Vessels or Boats to approach or be alongside, and for animals or vehicles carrying goods and merchandise to or from, or entering upon or plying for hire at or on any of the “ Port Trust” Bunders, Wharves, Landing Places, Piers or Hards; leviable under Section LVII. of Act I. of 1873. Ramp. Rs.a.p Ale, Beer, & Porter ...!0 4 0 per hhd * Bricks, Foreign 1 8 0 per 1000 Do 0 2 0 per case; Brooms O 0 6per 100 or cask of 4 dozi Brushes 0 2 0 per box D0 0 1 0 per case' *Ballast, under 25 tons. l 0 0 per boat under 4 dozens " Do from 25 to 50 tons- 2 0 0 ,, , D0 pints (half the abov * Do above 50 tons. 2 8 O ,, I charges.) Bullion 0 1 Operbox or Amboosee ...,0 12 0 per ton package Apparel, Wearing,P not Burroo (Country Pens). 0 1 0 per accompanying as- o senger I0 2 0 per case Butts, Pipe s, P un- Arrowroot ...,0 9 0 per ton cheons 0 2 0 each >, Do no weight given. 0 2 0 per case Hogshead, C ask, or ‘5, . or package Quarter-Cask . 0 1 0 ,, 8 Asphalte ...l0 6 Oper ton Kegs .. 0 0 6 ,, ‘9 Bangles, Country ...'0 1 0 per pkge Cabinet Ware— Do Foreign 0 2 0 per case Bagatelle T a bl e s Bardans (old gunny. (Slate and Wood, bags) 0 1 0 per bdle complete 2 0 0 each Baskets, Cane ...|0 1 0 per doz Cabinet Furniture 0 2 0 per case Do Bamboo or Mat. I0 0 6 ,, Billiard Tables, com- . Beads ...'0 2 Oper case plete 5 0 0 each Bedsteads, double ...IO 8 0 each Furniture not accom- Complete {single ...!0 2 0 ,, panying Passenger. 0 1 Opercaseof Enghsh children .'0 2 0 ,, 10 0 ft & under Bedsteads, Country 0 2 0 ,, D0 .. 0 2 0 from 10to Beef or Pork 0 4 0 per tierce 20 (3 ft Do 0 2 0 perbarrel D0 0 4 Ofrom 20 to Betel-leaves .. 0 0 6 per pkge _ 40 c 11; Betel-nuts .. 0 12 0 per ton Do do Chairs. 0 0 6 each Biscuits, Fancy .. 0 2 0 er case Lacquered Ware .. 0 2 0 per pkge Blacking 0 2 0 oorcask Toys... 0 2 Opercase Blooks,Iron and Brass. 0 3 0 per doz Trunks commonwood.. 0 2 0 each >, Do. Wooden .. 0 2 0 ,, Do camphorwood *5, .‘Boats, Jolly Boats .. 0 8 0 each large 0 1 0 ,, a ' D0 Muchwas and Do do small 0 0 6 ,, 4’ Bullows 0 8 0 ,, ‘Cadjans, boat’s reg 0 4 0 per ton ' Do Hodies 0 4 0 ,, Cages 0 1 Oper do 'Bones _ 0 9 Oper ton ' Do Fancy... .. 0 2 0 ,, ~ Boots& Shoes, English. 0 3 0 per b o x Cambay Stones 0 2 0 per pkge or case Candles, 25 to 30 lbs 0 0 6 per box Do Country. 0 1 0 per bdle Do 31 to 601bs 0 1 0 ,, or package Do over 60 lbs 0 4 0 ,, Bread&Ship’s BiscuitsJO 12 0 per ton Canes (Rattans) 0 12 0 per ton Bricks, Bath 0 1 0 per case Do Malacca .. O 1 0 per doz ' D0 & Tiles, Country. 0 4 Oper regis- Canvas 0 2 6 per bale ., ter ton of vesse Canvas, 2 bolts 0 1 0 per bdle 56 MACLBAN’s GUIDE TO BOMBAY. (Ramp. Ramp. Ice ... ... ...‘0 8 0 perton MarbleSzMarble Slabs. 0 12 0 per ton Ink ... ..JO 2 Oper case Matches 0 2 Oper case or cask Mathematical, Surgi- Ivory and Moye Teeth. 2 8 0 per ton cal, Nautical, and Do Ware... 0 4 Oper pkge Engineering Instru- Indigo ...l 4 0 per ton ments 0 2 O ,, Jagree ..!0 9 0 ,, Mats, China... .. 0 2 Oper pkge Jars, China, large ..'2 0 0 per 100 or bundle Do small .. 1 0 0 ,, DO Country 0 2 0 per 100 Jewellery .. 0 4 Operboxor Metals—- case Iron,—Bar, Hoop, Jute ... 0 9 0 per ton Rod, Sheet, Scrap, Lametta “’0 2 0 per case and Old 0 5 Oper ton 01‘ Pkge Other than the fore- Lashings 0 12 0 per ton going, including Leather, English ...0 2 Oper case Railway Material.‘0 s 0 ,, Do Country ..lO 1 0 per bdle Wire, Copper, Brass Lemon-juice .. 0 4 0 per hhd and Iron... 0 12 0 ,, Live Stock— Copper & Brassware, Tigers, Bears, Jae. 2 0 0 each old Cassaware, and Horses .. 0 3 0 ., China Copper ..0 12 0 ,, Cows, Buffaloes 0 4 0 ,, Molasses .. ":0 12 0 ,, Calves, Donkeys, and Mowra 0 5 0 ,, Pigs 0 2 0 .. Musical Instruments 0 2 Oper case Goats and Sheep 1 8 0 per 100 Mother-Of-Pearl a n (1 Dogs and Monkeys 0 0 6 each Tortoise Shel l 4 0 per ton Poultry and Birds— Nails... ...‘O 8 0 ,, Turkey, Geese, and Oakum ...L0 12 0 ,, Pea Fowls O 2 0 per doz 03mm 0 2 0 per doz Fowls, Ducks, Par- rots, &c. 0 1 0 n Oilman’s Stores— Butter, Chocolate, Luggage— Mustard, Preserved European Sailors’ Free Meats and Fish, Luggage accom- Pickles, Sauces, panying Passen- English Vinegar, gers at Mazagon, Salad Oil, &c., 3 doz T 0 w 11 Custom and over 0 2 0 per case House, and Apollo Do do under3 doz... 0 1 0 ,, Pier 0 1 0 Per Pkge Do Pickles, Country. 0 0 3 per jar @ DO Native Coolies F 1‘98 [pot Do at any other _ Oils— Bunder 0 0 312(‘1‘1‘0‘0011e Bergamot, Cassia, Do do ...IO 4 0 Per can Cardamom, Cinna- Do do brought; ‘ mon, Cocum, Le- by natives coolies.‘Free mon, Mogree,Rose, Grass, and Sandal- ‘Laddy, Sand, and i wood ...0 4 0 per case Paving Stones,b0at’s or pot register 0 4 0 per ton Castor, Country 0 12 0 per ton I'Mlachinery, Castings, Cocoanut, J ingelly, and Agricultural Im- &c. 0 12 0 ,, plements ...10 8 0 ,, Linseed, Rock, Pa- I'Do (no weight given.) 0 ‘ 8 O ,, of] rafiln, Kero sine, 40 0 ft Petroleum, T u r- * Mill and Foundation pentine & others, Stones ...l0 8 0 perton 10 gallons... ...“.0 1 0 per case 58 MACLEAN’S GUIDE TO BOMBAY. Ramp. Baa-.1). Stationery— Umbrellas (English & Paper, encils, Steel- China),Oi1-cloth,Silk, pens, Sealing-wax, and Cotton... 0 2 0 per case Accou n t -b o o k s , ‘ Watches & Clocks,8 0 ft. 0 8 0 ,, Music-paper, Do underScft.0 40 ,, Paste-boards, Wines and Spirit Quills, &c. . 0 2 0 per case Country 0 2 Oper hhd Sticks, Walking .. 0 2 0 ,, or cask Sugar 0 12 Oper ton Do ...lO 1 Ohalf ,, Sugar Candy... 0 12 0 ,, Do 8: Liquor, Foreign 0 8 0 per pipe, Tanks, Iron &Wooden. 0 4 0 under 80 butt or pun- c cheon Do do ...0 8 00ver30c Do ...0 4 Oper hhd Tamarind 0 12 0 per ton or cask Tea, 601bs 0 2 Operchest Do ...*0 1 0 per case Do 30 lbs ‘ 0 1 0 ,, of3 doz 8: under Tents, double-poled 1 0 0 each Do 1 0 do over Tents, single-poled .. 0 8 0 ,, and above do. Tents, Rowtees 0 4 0 ,, Wool, Raw 0 3 0 per bale Thread, Sewing 0 2 0 per case Do 0 1 Odopressed, Timber, L o g s a n Woollens 0 2 0 do or case Squares,500ft ...0 4 Operton Do Planks, Teak, - Re-packing goods on and Scantlings 0 8 0 ,, the Bunders except~ Do Deal, Pine , ing 'Wet Dates 0 0 6 per pk ge Planks 0 4 0 ,, Weighing goods on Do Sleepers. ' Wharf front, Roads Singapore8tJungly 0 4 0 ,, and Sheds, for space Do Rafters, Bam- occupied by scale 0 8 Oper diem boos, and Bamboo Do 8 0 0 per m’sm Blinds, boat’s registerf) 4 0per ton Do on other 0 6 0 per diem Do do do l 0 0 per 100 Goods in bulk not Do Rafters by Raft 0 3 Oper score specified, weight or Do Unmade boxes, ~ - measurementof 400110 12 0 per ton boat’s register 0 4 0 per ton Goods packed, not Tobacco, Foreign 0 2 Oper case specified 0 l 0 I to4c ft D0 Country 1 0 Operton Do 0 2 04to12 0 ft Do Cheroots, Do ...0 3012t020cft Country and Foreign. 0 2 0 per case Do 0 4 0 some 0 fl Twist and Yarn 0 2 0 per baI Do if unpacked and Umbrellas, China and [or eas no weight given 0 8 Opercart Japan Paper 0 2 0 per case Do 0 0 6 per coolie All provisions and futhme taken over the Bunders by Picnic and Excursion Parties, to pass Free. All goods landed at Chowpatty, Sewri, Mahim, and Worli, will be charged half of the above rates. All goods landed at any of the Bunders and Foreshores, south of Wellington Pier, will be charged at the same rates as those of Colaba Company. Tranship- ping goods in any of the basins, half wharfage fees. . No. 1.—All duty-free goods marked ', not removed from the Wharf frOnt or from roads or sheds within three days, or from any other portions of the BOMBAY PORT TRUST. 59 Bunder within five days from time of depositing, will be charged rent at the rate of Rs. 30 per catty of five hundred square feet per mensem. No. 2.—All other duty-free goods not removed as above will be charged rent at the rate of their respective Wharfage Fees for each three and five days respectively. ‘ No. 3.-—Dutiable goods will not be charged rent _ on the Wharf front till after forty-eight hours, or on the other parts of the Bunder till after seven days from the date of landing. Thereafter rent as per No.2 above, with the exception of Metals landed at Carnac Bunder,'for which Ground Rent will be charged as per No. 1 above. In computing the days when extra fees are liable, Sundays and such holi- days as may be notified in the Government Gazette, and the days upon which the Customs do not receive duty, will be excepted. TONNAGE FEES 0N BOATS, BASIN RENT, & MISCELLANEOUS CHARGES. Cargo Boats up to Rs a. p. Coasting Vessels, arriv- Rs a. p. 20 tons 0 4 0 per m'sm ing at, or departing, Do 0 2 0 per trip from,any of the “ Portl Do 20to30tons 0 8 0 per m’sm Trust” Bunders or] _._ Do do 0 3 0 per trip Basins,vessel’s reg... 0 1 0 per ton Barges up to 60 tons 2 0 0 per m’s Tonnage Fees on ditto Do 0 4 0 per trip after first seven days, Do over 60 tons 3 0 0 per m’sm ifunder 20 tons 0 8 0 per diem Do 0 6 0 per trip Do over 20 and up to‘ Ferry Steamers, each... 10000perm’sm 80 tons ...0 l2 0 ,, Do per ton ....0 1 0 per diem Do over 30 tons 1 8 0 ,, Tonnage Vessels arriving at, and departing from, any of the Port Trust Bunders within the line of Kennery Island and to the north of Callian or Bhewndy, shall be charged half of the above rates. Cargo Boats and Barges alongside of any Wharf, or in any Basin not dis- charging within forty-eight hours :— CargoBoats andBarges from 10 to 25 tons - 12:0 4 0 per diem Do from 25 to 50 tons ...0 8 0 ,, Do above 50 tons ...1 0 0 ,, Cargo Boats and Barges (not plying) lying empty in the Basins or at the Wha front :— ‘ Barges Re‘O 8 0 per diem Muchwas R80 2 0 per diem Cargo Boats 8 0 Oper m’sm] Hody ...10 1 0 ,, Vessels using the Hards south of the Mazagon Company’s Reclamation for Oil- ing and Repairing :— F1. mt day. Each succeed- ing day. Rs. a. p. Rs. a. p. Bumboatsand Jolly Boats .. 0 6 0 0 2 0 Tonies 0 3 0 0 l 6 BoatsfromlOto 15tons 0 8 0 0 3 0 Do l5t025do 100 060 Do 25t0100do 200 100 Do over 100 do 4 0 0 2 0 0 Boats on the slope, one-fourth more than the above rates. 60 MACLEAN’S GUIDE TO BOMBAY. Boats north of Mazagon Company’s Reclamation for the above purposes :- First day Each succeed- ing day. Rs. a. p. Rs. a. p. Tonies ... ... . .. 0 1 0 0 0 6 Bumboats and Jolly Boats . 0 2 0 0 1 0 Boats from 10 to 15 tons . .. . 0 4 0 0 2 0 D0 15 to 25 do . . 0 8 0 0 4 0 Do 25 to 100 do ... . 1 0 0 0 8 0 Do over 100 do . 2 0 O 1 O 0 Vessels using the Hards for breaking up, per ton per m’sm 0 4 0 Vessels, &c., lying upon the Hard at Tank Bunder :— Cargo Boats and Gul ER: 1. r. Timber lying on thellla A. r. buts ...}l 0 0 per m’sm Hard for first 12 Pattimars, &c., do large 2 0 0 ,, months 0 4 (l per ton Muchwas 0 8 0 ,, Do do do ....0 8 0 renewal ‘ so. ...)0 4 0 n l Boats landing and embarking Passengers (to include the privilege of carrying cargo to and from the Bunders,— Cargo Boats Rs 2 0 0 per m’s Hody Rs'l 0 0 per m‘ m Muchwas,Dingy, Jolly Do ...‘0 1 0 per di m &Bunder Boats. l 8 0 do Ships’, Customs’, Water D0 .. 0 2 0 per diem Police,and Port Trust Steam Launches .. 3 0 0 per m's Boats Free Do 0 3 0 per diem Yachts, Dubashes’. Bullows .. 3 0 0 per m’s Stevedors’, Doctors’, ' Do ..10 3 0 per diem 8r Surveyors’ Boats... 0 8 0 per m’em Boats coming to the Bunders for water :— Boats, small mo 2 0 per trip CoastingVes.25to40tons 0 12 0 per trip Cargo Boats ...lO 4 O ,, Do over 40 tons...1 0 O ,, Coasting Vessels 25\ Steam Barges 2 0 0 ,, tons and under ...10 8 0 _ n Ferry Boats ...10 1 3 per ton Each loaded cart entering on or passing from any of the Bunders excepting Apollo Bay Reclamation, Chowpatti, Mahim, orli, and Sewri), including the Mody Bay and Elphinstone Land Estates ...RsO 0 3 With the option of commuting the toll by payment of Re. 1 per mensem. . Boats laden with cargo from other than Trustees’ Bunders, tal-ing shelter in any of the Trustees’ Basins without discharging cargo, be charged 8 annas per diem Basin Rent. Goods carried by such boats be charged half ordinary Wharfage Fees for three days. Empty boats taking shelter in any Trust Basin be charged 8 annas per die BasindRent, and that coasting boats be charged 1 anna per ton register ever three ays. Barges Re. 1 per diem. PORT TRUST APOLLO BONDED WAREHOUSE. 61 Under 1 ton Live Stock— Horses, Cows, Buf- faloes Calves, 8:0 Bale & Box Goods 8'. all other Merchan- dize (Hand Cranes Do do 'Steam do)... Machinery, Metals, Castings, Agricul- tural Implements, Mill Stones, & Tim- ber (Hand Cranes Barr. 0 040 006 10 8 0 each per pkge 0 8 Operton CRANAGE FEES. On Logs, at Tank Bunder, lifted by the Derrick,are :— ...Ra 0 0 6 I Above 1 ton I, ,, Two Machinery, Castings, tural Mill Stones, .2 Timber (Steam Cranes) Carriages—— Four-Wheeled Pianofortes Harmoniums Cutters, large Pleasure Boats, small Jolly Boats and Gigs The above charges, when Hand Cranes are used, do not include labour. Impleme do 0 1 Metals,*Rss.r. Agricul- nts, 1 ouwoooo o oomooboosm O OOOCOOO O (D more.” .."(> b' 0 Ground Rent, Shed Rent, and. Warehouse Rent, will be charged at such rates as may be arranged with the Traffic Manager. (Nors.-Four Register Candies equal one ton.) Gross weight will be charged on all goods. PORT TRUST APOLLO BONDED WAREHOUSE. TABLE OF RATES FOR DUTY-PAID GOODS. Removin . from TOWi gemo?ng How Custom om ort Rent Exnnsnmox or Goons. Charged_ Bunder and and (181513)ng Wpell'I Storing and an - e 1' ee ‘ Delivering. venng' Per Ra A. r. Rs A. r. Rs .1. r. Alum .. .. cwt 0 0 8 0 0 10 0 0 2 Beef and Pork tierce 0 5 0 0 6 0 0 1 3 ,, ,, barrel 0 4 0 0 5 0 0 1 0 Beer, Wine and Spirits... ...l doz quarts 0 0 9 0 0 9 0 0 2 ,, ,, _, ,, larrel 0 4 0 0 4 0 0 1 0 ,, ,, ' ,, hhd 0 8 0 0 8 0 0 2 0 ,, ,, ,, ...| butt 0 12 0 0 12 0 0 3 0 Betelnut cwt 0 0 6 0 0 8 0 0 2 Canvas ...‘bale of 6 cwt 0 3 0 0 4 0 0 0 Carriage 4-wheeled 2 8 0 3 0 0 l l 4 D0 2-wheeled 1 8 0 2 0 0 1 0 12 Cement ( barrel 0 2 0 0 2 6 0 0 Cloves... cwt 0 0 6 0 0 8 l 0 0 Coffee ...l ,, 0 0 6 0 0 8 ‘0 0 2 Copper, Yellow Metal, Iron, and, ' Zinc Sheets ...,case oflcht_ 0 6 0 0 8 0 ‘ 0 1 0 5 0 3 0 0 4 0 0 0 6 U 9, 3 0 I, U 62 MACLEAN’S GUIDE TO some“; Exuunm'nou or Goons. Copperas Dates ‘ Earthen Ware and Glass Ware Flour... Gums Gunny Hard Ware Iron Nails Do Bars and in Bundles Do Machinery Do Bundles Hoops Ivory (Elephant and Sea Horse Teeth Lead ~51 Mats (China) Oilman’s Stores Paint of all sorts Paper 'Pepper... Piece Goods and Twist Red Lead Rice Rope Silk Seeds of all sorts Sugar and Sugar Candy Tea Tiles of Copper, Zine & Spelter... Tobacco . Articles not enumerated in the above List— If charged by “’eight If charged by Measurement ffiglgjgg Removing How Custom from Fort Rent Charged. Bunder and anddstgnlpg Wpeli: Storing and an - 61' ee ' Delivering. vermg' Per Rs A. 2. Rs A. P. Rs A. P. cwt 0 0 8 0 010 O 0 2 ,, 0 0 9 0 1 0 0 0 2 crate or cask 0 6 0 0 8 0 0 1 6 barrel 0 2 0 0 2 6 0 0 6 cwt 0 O 6 0 0 8 0 0 2 __baleof50wt 0 3 0 0 4 6 0 0 9 ton 012 0 1 0 0 0 3 0 cwt 0 0 8 0 010 0 O 2 ton 012 0 1 0 0 0 2 0 ,, 012 0 1 O 0 0 2 0 ,, 012 0 1 0 0 0 2 O cwt 012 0 1 0 0 0 2 0 ton 012 0 1 0 0 0 2 0 bundle 0 3 0 0 4 6 0 0 9 dozquarts 0 0 6 0 0 8 0 0 2 cwt 0 0 8 0 010 0 O 2 .baleorcase 0 2 0 0 2 6 0 0 6 cwt 0 0 6 O 0 8 0 0 2 .baleorcase 0 2 0 0 2 6 0 0 6 ton 012 0 1 0 0 0 2 0 cwt 0 1 0_ 0 ‘1 0 0 0 3 .. n 0 0 8 0 0 10 0 0 2 ,caseorbale 0 2 6 0 3 0 0 0 8 cwt O 0 6 0 0 8 0 0 2 n 0 0 6 0 0 8 0 0 2 case 0 2 0 0 2 6 0 0 6 ton 012 0 1 0 0 0 2 0 ..caseofl681bs 0 2 0 0 2 6 0 0 6 ton 012 0 1 O 0 0 3 0 cubic foot 0 0 3 0 0 4| 0 0 1 Goods deposited in the Warehouse will be charged for in the first instance for the full month ; thereafter per week. THE NEW COLABA COMPANY. 63 THE NEW COLABA COMPANY, LIMITED. wron'r um sxrosr runs cnxncxn AT 'rnx ARTHUR nu) VICTORIA BUNDERS. Beer and all Malt Liquors . ,, 4 doz qrts ,, .under 4 doz. Barclans . Beads . Beef or Pork ,, Betelnuts Betel-leaves Biscuits (Ships’) ' Blackmg Boots and Shoes Bricks, Bath ,, Fire ,, Tiles, Country... Brushes Bullion . Carriages, 3-wheeled... H ""2 ’ Copper in case Candles ,, 25 to 30 pkts Canvas Casks, empty, large ,, small . Cement Chalk . Chunam Cheese Coal or Coke Cheroots Clay, Fire China Ware ,, in rolls, large. .. .. small» Cocoanuts Coffee Confectionery - Corks Cdtton, Pressed Unpressed 8, ,I Cutlery Cochineal Dammer Dyes... 00000000000000000 000000 000HN.QQQOQ0000000000'000 a a “e 2 0 per hhd-q 1 0 per cask per cwt per pk ge per ton ,2 H ,1 er 1000 er ton er case er box CD "d‘C'U’U p o D" per ton percandy] of vessel per case per ton per case per ton per case per doz 9, per 1000 per ton per case large case small ,, per bale“ l-l ov-u-lmr-lOr-n-ngr-Irer-l HthOOr-I 010C060 OHQMOHHv-IWGOHNHQO per ,docra per case per ton H '3 Dyes... per case * HF NHO0H 6 6 O 0 o 3 a o o o o 6 0 0 0 e o o o O s o a s o 0 e o 0 o o 0 6 9 e o o O s o 9 e o o o o ’9 per case 7 Drugs of all kinds H ’1 Earthenware, 40 c it ,, under 400 fi'. Firewood Flax ... Felt Glass Ware ,, e . I - . . , , Window Panes. Grain of all sorts Gunnies .. Grass, Green... Gallnuts Gold Leaf Gums , y - s ' e n - Hard Ware N Hemp . Hams and Bacon Harness Harmoniums... Haberdashery of sorts. Hats . Hay and Straw Horns Iron Bars, Hoops, and Sheet Iron Nails Ink Ivory Ivory Ware Indigo Jute... Jewellery . . Leather, English ' ..‘. )9 Machinery— Cast i n g of all sorts up to 3 tons. Machinery, large Cast- ings, Boilers, &c., ex- cluding Cranage risk 0.0 Q, 0fi000 0 0 000m 000000000 0 000000000 ofca act-loo 0 0 2 9‘ per ton 1 0 per case 2 0 per crate or cask 1 0 per’pkge 2 Olarge case or cask 1 Osmall ,, 0 3 per case 4 0 per ton 6 per bale per ton ,7 per box per case per ton large case or cask small per ton per case )) i 0 each per case 9, per ton. 9, 000000000 0 00000 1 2 4 1 1 8 2 1 6 1 1 8 1 1 3 6 H H per 08.86 per ton Per 9st per ten 9 D per case 0H N0 0N0r-ICDOI 00 00 000000 per’tdle 8 0 per ten 0 0 per ton in- _cluding cranage 64, uncnnsn’s cums 'ro BOMBAY. Rs.a.p. le.a.p. Machinery, large Cast- Pitch and Tar ...l‘O 6 0 per ton ings, Boilers, &c., Plated Ware 0 1 0 per case including Cranage l risk— Quicksilver 0 1 Operbottle Liftof4't05tons...1500 l ,, 7 to 10 ,, ...‘50 0 0 Rosin ...,0 0 6perbarrel ,, 11 to 15 ,, 75 0 0 Rope,Manilla&Europe.‘0 6 0 per ton ,, over 15 ,, ...10000 l Seeds ...lO 4 0 ,, Matches 0 1 Oper case Sugar ...p 5 0 ,, Marble Slabs... .. 0 8 0 per ton Saddlery ,0 1 0 per case Mowra .iO 4 0 ,, Slates ...,0 1 0 ,, Mats, China .. 0 1 Oper pkge Silk, Raw 0 2 0 ,, ,, Piece Goods .0 2 Oper case Oilman’s Stores .. 0 1 Olarge case or bale ,, 0 0 6small ,, Silver Ware .. 0 2 0 per case Oils—Castor,Cocoanut, or pkge Jingelly, &c. 0 6 0 per ton Spices ofall kinds .. 0 10 0 per ton Oils—Paint, Turpen- Stationery ..‘0 1 0 per case tine, Kerosine, and others, 10 gallons 0 0 6 per case Tea ....0 1 0 er chest ,, 5 ,, 0 o 3 ,, ,, .lo 0 e ,, Opium 0 4 0 per chest Tobacco .. 0 1 0 per case ,, ...0 2 0 t ,, Twist ..0 1 0 per bale Paint of all descrip- Umbrellas ...0 1 0 per case tions 0 6 0 per ton ,, Brushes . 0 1 0 per case Watches and Clocks 0 2 0 large ,, Perfumery ...0 1 0 ,, ,, ,, ...‘0 1 Osmall ,, Pianofortes ....1 0 Oeach Wines and Spirits,l Piece Goods, Cotton ...‘0 1 0 per bale Foreign 0 2 Operhhdor Paper . 1 0 ,, cask ,, Wall ...‘0 1 0 ,, ,, 3 doz.&under 0 6per case Printing Materials ...’0 6 0 per ton ,, over 3 dozens 1 0 ,, The above Fees will entitle goods to be kept on the Bunders or in the Sheds for one week, after which the following Rents will be charged, viz. :— Anrncn Brmna.—At the rate of one fee, as above, for every seven days, or part thereof. VICTORIA BUNDER.—If kept on the Wharf front, at the rate of Rs. 30 per catty of 500 superficial feet per mensem ; on any other part of the Bunder, Rs. 15 per catty of 500 square feet per mensem. Ground-rent charges may be ascertained on application to the Company’s Superintendent, Victoria Bunder, or Messrs. Remington 8: Co. CRANAGE FEES. _ Rs.a.P. {Rs.a.p. Camages,four-wheeled0 4. Oeach Machinery by Steam-‘ ,, _ two ,, ...0 2 O ,, Cranes ...0 10 Oper ton Harmpmums ...0 2 0 ,, Pianofortes 0 4 Oeach Machinery by Hand- .Piece Goods, and all cranes ... 0 8 Oper ton I other Merchandise ...~0 0 6per pkge 66 MACLEAN’S GUIDE TO BOMBAY. ~-l -- - : .-. ndin & How g Rent per 'Wh .rf ARTICLES Charged. Riteage Week. 4 Per R; A 2. Re A P. Biscuits, Ships’ ... cwt 0 2 0s“ 0 0 6 ,, incases case 0 5 0 0 1 0 Bitters dozen 0 1 0 0 0 6 Blacking cask 0 6 0 0 1 0 Black Lead cwt 0 2 0 0 0 6 Bleaching Powder . .. package 0 5 0 0 1 0 " n' n ,, cwt .0 2 0 O 0 6 BlockTin ' .. ,, 0 1 6 0 0 6 Blue Stone pac'age 0 3'0 0 1 0 Boats,small each 6 0 0 0 8 0 ,, large n 8 0 O 1 0 0 Boilers under5tons ton 10 0 0 0 8 0 “‘ ,, ' 500 7tons I each 75 0 0 O 8 0 ,, 75010130115 ,, 100 0 0 O 8 O ,, overlOtons n 125 0 0' 0 8 0 Books case 0 5 0 0 Is 1 0 Boots and Shoes u 0 5 0 0 1 0 Borax ton _0 5 0 0 1 0 Bottles (empty), Sodawater dozen 0 0 6 0 0 3 Brass Ware ton 2 0 0 0x11 8 0 ,, Leaves... package 0 5 0 0 1 0 Bricks km? 2 0 0 0 4 0 . cars 0 2 to ‘ Brimstone { $th; }0 5 0 0 1 0 Brushes case ‘0 5 0 0 1 0 ,, cask 0 8 0 0 1 0 Buckets, Gal. Iron (1026,11 .0 2 0‘1. 0 0 6 Bunting bale 0 5 0 0 1 0 Butter, not exceedingl cwt case _0 3 0>_ 0 0 6 ,, ,, 1} ,, ,, _o 4 on 0 j,1 0 Cables, Chain in ton ‘1 14 0,“ 0 4 0 “ ,,“ Hemp .. ,, 2 0 0n} 0 0 6 Calavances .. cwt .0 2 0 0 0 6 Calicoes .. case or bale _o 5 0* 0 1 0 Cambay Stones .. package ,0 4 0 ‘ 0 1 0 Camphor "... in cases .0 5'0' Candles, under301bs... box _0 153} O 0 6 ,," ,, 601bs... ,, 0°12 0 0 '1 0 ,, 10 boxes packed in case case _0 8 ,0 0 2 0 ,, 0 ,, ,, ,, 0 12 0 Canes, Rattans ton 2 8 0 0 ,4 O ‘ ,,' Malacca dozen v 0 2 0 0 '0 6 Canvas .. bale _0 5 0 a0 1 0 Caps, Percussion . case orIbale 0 5 0 Special Cardamoms,2cwts . case ,0 6 0M 0 1 0 Cards, Playing case or bale 0‘5 ‘0 0 1. 0 Carpets, European roll _0 5 0 “0 1 0 ,_, Persian ,, O 51.0 0 1 O 3Carriages 4-wheeled 10 0 0h 2 0 0 “— ‘- J'T‘. SASSOON DOCK. 67 Landing & How Rent per ABTICLBS' Charged. Willggg’ge Week. Per Re A. r. Rs A. r. Carriages .. 2-wheeled 6 0 0 1 0 0 ,, . Omnibuses 12 0 o 2 e 0 ,, Bycicles 2 0 0 0 4 0 Perambula- ,, .. { tors, case }1 0 0 0 2 containing 4 Cassia case 0 4, 0 .0 1 0 Castings, under 2 tons ton 2 0 0 0 ~ 4 0 Cement,2t03=} cwt cask 0 5 0 0 1 0 ,, bag 0 2 0 0 0 6 1,, 1; ton 2 0 0 0 s 0 Chalk 1' cwt 0 1 6 0 0 6 Cheese case 0 3 0 0 1 0' Chillies cwt 0 2 0 0 0 6 ,, ‘ inbags 0 2 0 0 0 6 China Matting roll 0 4 0 0 1 0 ,, Preserves case 0 3 0 0 1 0 Cider..‘. dozen 0 1 0 0 0 6 Cigars thousand 0 1 0 0 0 6 ,, case 0 5 O 0 1 0 Cinnamon cwt 0 2'0 0 0 6 Clay, China, in bags or casks... ton 2 0 0 0 4 0 ,, Fire ,, 2 0 0 0 4 0 ,, Country, boat’s register ,, 0 1 0 0 0 6" ,, Figures... case 0 6 O 0 1 0 Clocks, _ “ case, large 0 6 0 0 1 0 ,‘, ,, small 0 5 0 0 0 6 Cloth, Woollen bale or case 0 5 0 0 1 0 Cloves package 0 2 0 0 0 6 Cog;i1 £350, Patent Fuel, Ashes, and } ton 0 12 0 m1, Cochineal case 0 5 0 0 1 0 Cocoanuts thousand 2 0 0 0 8 0 Cocoons case or bdle 0 4, 0 0 1 0 Codfish ,, 0 2 0 0 0 6 Coffee cwt 0 1 6 0 0 6 Coir, Fibre or unmanufactured n 0 2 0 0 1 0 ,, Rope, Cable, and Cordage a, 0 1 6 0 0 6 Colour,Dry ..s ton 2 0 0 0 6 01¢ Compasses, Ships’ ..d each 0 l 0 0 0 6 Confectionery, European, & reserve } Fruits, &c.,candied case 0 3 0 0 1 0 Copper or Yellow Metal, Slabs or Tiles ton 1 s 0 0 g g _ "-i‘ large case 1 O 0 0 " She“ 3 small ,, 0 s 0 0 1 0 Copperas ' cwt 0 1 6 0 1 0 " Wharfage only. 1' Includes landing and stacking or loading direct. I With Tare weight. 63 MACLEAN'S cvms TO BOMBAY. Landing & How Rent er Anrrcnns. . Wharfage Charged. Rate. Wee . Per Ra A. r. Rs a. r. Copra (dead Cocoanuts) cwt 0 2 0 0 0 6 Coral .. ,, 0 4 0 0 1 0 Coriander Seed ,, 0 1 0 0 0 6 Corks case or bale 0 5 0 0 1 0 Cotton Piece Goods bale or case 0 5 0 0 1 0 ,, in Pressed Bales bale 0 5 0 0 1 0 Cowries and Shells cwt 0 4 0 0 0 6 Crackers case 0 4 0 0 1 0 Crockery Ware crate 1 0 0 0 4 0 ,, hhd, large 1 o 0 0 4 o ,, ,, middling 0 l2 0 0 2 0 ,, ,, small 0 8 0 0 2 0 Cutlery case 0 5 0 0 1 0 Dammer cwt 0 2 0 0 0 8 ,, 2to3cwts. cask 0 5 0 0 1 0 Dates ,, ,, ,, 0 2 0 0 0 6 Diamonds ad valorem Dishes, Wooden score 0 2 0 0 0 6 Disinfecting Powder... ton 2 0 0 0 8 0 Drugs, Medicines case 0 5 0 0 1 0 Dubbers, Empty ' hundred 3 0 0 0 6 0 Dyeing Materials, Ochre, &c. ton 2 0 0 0 8 0* Earthen Ware, 35 0 ft and over. hhd or crate 1 0 0 0 4 0 ,, under 35 0 ft cask or crate 0 12 0 0 8 0 ,, Retorts and Piping ton 2 0 0 0 0 6 ,, Tiles thousand 2 8 0 0 8 0 Eau-de-Cologne case 0 5 0 0 1 0 Ebony cwt 0 2 0 0 0 6 Eggs basketorcase 0 2 0 Elastic cwt 0 6 0 0 1 O Elephant Tusl-s, in bundles bundle 0 4 0 0 0 6 ,, ,, loose or piece each 0 1 0 0 0 6 Emery Powder, in kegs or casks cwt 0 2 0 0 0 6 ,, Page; case 0 5 0 0 1 0 Engines, ' e, Garden, and Portable, under 1 ton ton 2 0 0 0 6 0+ ,, 2to3tons ,, 2 8 0 0 8 0 ,, 3to4tons ,, 3 0 o 0 s o ,, Locomotive... each 100 0 0 10 0 0 ,, Tender ,, 75 0 0 7 0 0 Fans case 0 5 0 0 1 0 Feathers ,, 0 5 0 0 1 0 Felt case orbale 0 5 0 0 1 0 Fibre, Coir cwt 0 2 0 0 0 6 Fireworks package 0 8 0 Special Fishmaws and Shark Fins cwt 0 4 0 0 1 0 Flags bale 0 4 0 0 1 0 Flagstones ten 2 0 0 0 8 O ' With Tare weight. 1‘ Measurement or weight at option of Dock authorities. 70 MACLEAN’S GUIDE TO BOMBAY. l Landing & An I _ How -, Rent per T cum Charged. ‘thgzge Wee.“ Per Rs A. r. Rs .4. r. Hay, pressed... balei: 0 5 0 o 2‘“ 0 Hemp ,, 0 5 0 0 1 0 Hessian ,, 0 5 0 0 ,3 1 0 Rules package 0 8 0 0 1 0 Hones case 0 2 0 0 0 6 Honey Jars, Kegs, and similar Pkges... cwt 0 4 O 0 0 6 Hoop Iron . ton 1 4 O 0 2 0 Hops pkge' or bale 0‘ 5 O 0 1 0 Horns ton 2 '0 0 0 4 0 Horses, Ponies each 5 0 0 .'..' . ,. and Cattle Boxes . ,, 1 0 0 I ' ' Hurdles or Fencing (Iron) ton 1 12 0 0 4 0 Ice special Indigo cwt 0 2 O 0 0 6 Ink case 0 5 0 0 1 0 ,, in cask cask O 8 0 0 1 6 Ironmongery ton 2 0 0 0 8 0 Iron, Hoop, Rod, Bar, half round, " Pig, Sheet ,, 1 4 0 0 2 0-, ,, Pipes up to 6 inches in diameter... ,, 1 12 0 O 4 0 ' ,, Pipes above 6 inches in diameter . at same rates as machinery ,, Railway Materials ton 2 0 0 0 4 0 99 Heavy same asMachine_ , ,, Girders... do do is" ,, Galvanized ton 1 s o o 4. o ,, Wire ,, 1 s 0 0 4. 0 ,, Shot ,, 1 12 0 0 4 O ,, Plate . ,, 1 s 0 0 4 o Jagree cwt O 2 0 0 0 6 Jars, China or Japan, large each 0 2 0 1 _ 0 0 6 ,, small pair 0 1 0 l' 0 0 6 Jewellery ad valorem Junk (old Rope) cwt 0 1 6 _ 0 0 6 Jute ... ... one 00. n- _ 0 4! 0 {F 0 1 0 Lard... cwt 0 2 0 0 0 6 Lashings, Bal each 0 5 0 0 1 0 ,, Bundle ,, 0 2 0 o 0 6 Lead, Pig cwt 0 1 6 o o e ,, Pipes ton 1 12 0 0 4 0 ,, Ore cwt 0 1 6 0 0 6 Leather case or pkge 0 5 0 0 1 0 Live Stock, Horses each 5 0 0 .. ,, Cows ,, 2 8 0 . . ,, Calves, Donke s ,, 1 8 0 . . ,, Pigs, Goats, Sgeep, and Dogs... ,, 0 8 0 ,, Tigers, 8:. similar wild animals. ,, 1t)" 0 0 1 ,, Other Animals special a it Live Poultry and other Fowls... dozen 0 2 0 ,. other Birds special sassoor: nook. 71 “A As , l -. , Landing & i a] . Q l I _ ,1 Aa'rrcmzs. Oi. .. Gigggzi Wlliartfage Ratefiér e. -" -f~ a" .u . Per Rs A. r. Rs A. r. Mace cwt 0 2 0 - - Machinery, under 2 tons ton 2 O 0 0 4 0" ,, Weight over 2 tons a under 3... ,, 2 a 0 ' ...* s "a an" 3 tons and under 4 ,, 3 0 0 ...* l "l "3 4 tons and under 5 ,, 4 0 0 .___* _ ,, 5 tons and under 10 ,, 7 0 0 ...' “q Malt... .. sack 0 4 0 0 "1 0 Marble Slabs... cwt 0 2 0 0 0 6 A ,, Sculpture each 0 8 0 0 2 0 Matches H each case 0 6 0 Special Mathematical, Surgical, and Nautical Instruments ... . ... case 0 5 0 0 1 0 Mate, China and Zanzibar roll of cwt O 1 0 0 0 6 ,, Country ,, 0 1 0 0 0 6 “,, Cane ,, 0 2 0 O 1 0 Medicine or Drugs case or cask 0 5 0 0 1 0 Melting Pots or Crucibles case 0 5 O 0 1 0 Methalated Spirits 10 gallons 0 2 0 0 l 0 Mill and Foundation Stones - ton 2 0 0 0 4 0 Millinery 111‘ case 0 5 O 0 1 0 ,, large ,, 0 8 0 0 1 0 Molasses . .. cwt 0 2 0 0 0 6 Mooring Chains .. ton 2 0 0 0 4 0 Mother-o’-Pearl and Tortoise Shells .. case 0 - 5 0 0 1 0 Musical Instruments (small ) .. ,, - - 0 - 8 0 0 2 ‘50 i' ,, Piano . . . each 5 0 O 0 8 0 ' ,, Harmonium . . .. ,, 2 8 0 0 4 0 ,, 1- Organ, entire... ,, 10 o 0 0 12 0 Musk I cwt O 2 0 0 0 6 Nails . ,, 0 1 3 0 0 6 N aphtha, 5 gallons .. in package 0 2 0 Special Oatum .. .‘in do. or bdle 0 4 0 0 1 0 Oars... .v .. each 0 0 6 0 0 6 Oatmeal, in bags or .. pkge of 1 cwt 0 2 0 0 0 6 Oil & Floor Cloth .. . package 0 5 O O 0 6 ,, Cake .. .. cwt 0 2 0 0 0 6 ,, Drums, empty .. .. each 0 0 6 Oilmanstores, 1 to 3 dozs . .. in boxes 0 - 3 0 0 1 0 Oils .9. U .. 10 gallons 0 3 0 O 0 6 ,, ..‘. " .. 5 ,,~ 0 1 6 o 0 ~ 6 ,, in hhds 0 10 0 O 2 0 -' Turpentine 10 gallons 0 2 0 0 0 6 " Paraffin, Kerosinc, &c., 10 gallons... in case 0 2 0 Special Onions, in bundles cwt 0 2 0 0 O 6 Opium ‘" 1' .. chest 1 0 0 0 4 0 n U u. .. half Chest 0 8 0 O 2 0 Oranges .. . case 0 4 0 0 ,. 1 0 Organs, entire .. each 10 '0 0 0 ‘ 12 0 ' Weight or Measurement at option of Dock authorities. 72 MACLEAN’S GUIDE TO BOMBAY. Landing 8‘ Rent er “mus- 0332's. Whmfase Weeg. ' Rate. Per .0. .0. O I 0' Pails... ... .. dozen Painters’ Materials .. case Paints, under 56 lbs .. drum ,, in casks ton * Paper case or bale Pearlash ... ... .. keg Pearls ... ... .. ad valorem . . P838 .0 "a 00. no. .- cm Pep r, in bags .. ,, Pe 'umery, Soap, Sponges, &c. .. case Photo aphic Apparatus .. ,, Piano ortes .. each Pictures and Prints .. case n :9 large ... Piece Goods, Cotton ... ,, Silk and Velvet Pipes, Clay ,, Meerschaum and Fancy Pitch and Tar, 2 to 3‘} cwt ... Plants, Shrubs, 8w. ,, , large... . Plaster of Paris .. Plate, Silver .. Plated Ware .. Ploughs .. Porcelain .. n no no Pork... ... Precious Stone Printing Presses, Types, &0. Provisions, Salt ,, Preserved . . Quicksilver Quills (Pens)... no on NI mgs I" 0.0 CI. III III II: Red, Lead III II: III Reeds ... ... Rice, not exceeding cwt Rocking Horses Rope... Rosewater a" e" O I o I I O Q Q Q I I 0 O O I l o O I I O I I l I Q o a 0 a I Q q s n c u I o o o c a o 0 e o . H - case or bale 90 case 9 i in cask package 9 9 cask ad valorem case each case cask 9 9 ad valorem ton cask case bottle -- pkge or case case bundle bale box bag - keg ofl cwt large pkge small ,, bag each cwt { case. ' carboy HliHmr-INOIHNHUNUIUQOCDMOZ CROQOQZ UEOUIfi-HCDUQOIOMUNMZ NGQHObe-I? OOQOOOOGOOOOOOOOOO COOOO OQOQOGOQOOOOQOO OOOGOOOF " With Tare weight. OOOOOOOOQOOOOOOQ OQOQO Q OQOOOOOOOOOOO QQOOQOO? E:waewowowswwowwm:Hummw;w;owwowwmwmwwoc;oomcwwc? coeaoaoooaoaacoo ooooo o aocaooooocoaa aooaoaa? BASSOON nocx. 73 Landing & ' How Rent er " ABTICLBS' Charged. Wltliarfage Wegk. ate. . 1 p. Per Rs A. r. Rs A. p. Rosin . . ... cask O 5 0 0 1 0 Bugs, Persian . .. roll 0 4 0 0 2 0 ,, European . ,, 0 5 0 0 2 0 Saddlery .. case 0 5 0 O 1 0 Safl‘ron .. . ,, 0 6 0 O 1 0 Sago... ... .." cwt 0 2 0 O 0 6 Sailcloth bale 0 5 O O 0 6 Sails... cwt 0 2 0 0 0 6 Salammoniac, 2 and under 3% cwt in cask 0 5 O 0 l 0 Salt .. ton 1 O 0 0 3 0 Saltpetre cwt 0 1 6 0 0 6 Samples each 0 2 0 0 0 6 Sand, boat’s register ton 0 6 O ..yl Seeds " under lkcwt 0 1 O 0 0 6 Sewing Machines .. . each 0 5 0 0 1 0 Shafts, Wooden pair 0 4 0 O 0 6 Shawls .. package 0 5 0 0 1 O Shellac case 0 4 O O 1 0 Shoes and Boots ,, O 5 0 0 1 O Shooks (Staves) bundle 0 2 0 0 1 0 Shots cwt 0 1 6 0 0 6 Shovels dozen 0 2 0 0 1 N 0 Silk, Raw bale 0 5 0 0 1 0 ,, PieceGoods and Velvets... case or bale 0 6 0 0 1 0 ,, Shawls, &c. , . ,, 0 6 O O \1 0»- Silver Coin . package 0 2 O 0 2 0 ,, Plate . ad valorem Slates P .. case 0 5 0 0 1 0 Soap, Bar ,. case of vii-cwt 0 1 6 0 0 6 ,, Pieces case 0 5 0 0 1 0 ,, Soft .. cwt 0 1 6 0 0 6 Soda, 2 and under 3% cwt . in cask 0 5 0 0 1 ‘~ 0 ,, I " . ,keg of 1 cwt 0 2 0 0 0 6 Sofas " . . - each 0 8 0 0 2 0 Spades " . .. dozen O 2 O 0 1 0 Spectacles .. . case 0 5 O 0 1 0 Spelter .. cwt 0 1 6 0 0 6 Spices .. . .paclkage 0 2 0 0 1 0 - - plpe, utt, or Splrlts . . puncheon } re 0 0,, . 3 0 n hogshead 0 12 0 0 2 0 u cask 0 8 0 0 2 O n 4' dozen O 1 0 0 0 6 n . U ... dOZ 0 0 9 O 0 6 Statlonery, &0. case 0 5 0 0 1 01' i; ' cask 0 8 0 l - Statuary special ... . . . Steel cwt' ' 0 1 6 0 * Wharfage Only, O ' a; 74 MACLEAN’S GUIDE TO BOMBAY. Landing & How Rent per AB'rIcLBs. Wharfage Charged. Rate. Week. Per Its A. P. Ra A. r. Sticks, Walking ... case 0 5 0 0 0 6 Stones, Mill ton 2 0 0 0 4 0 ,, Foundation ,, 2 0 0 0 4 0 , , Lithographic . . . . . . each 0 2 0 0 0 6 Stoves and Grates ,, 0 8 0 0 2 0 Sugar, crushed, not exceeding 2 cwt... in bag 0 1 7 0 0 6 Sulphur, 2 t0 3% cwt in cask 0 5 0 0 1 0 Sulphuric Acid case 0 6 0 Special Swords ,, 0 5 0 0 1 0 Tallow cwt 0 2 0 0 0 6 Tamarinds ,, 0 2 0 0 o e Tanks (400 gallons and under) each 0 8 0 0 2 0 Tar, 2 to 3% cwt in cask 0 5 0 0 1 0 Tarpaulins each 0 1 6 0 0 6 Tea half chest 0 1 0 0 0 6 ,, chestof601bs 0 2 0 0 1 0 Tents each 1 0 0 0 4 0 Thread case 0 5 0 0 0 6 Tiles... thousand 2 0 0 0 4 0 Timber, Logs, 50 oft... ton 1 0 0 Special ,, Scantlings ,, 1 0 0 ,, ,, Sleepers each 0 1 6 ,, Tin Plate cwt 0 1 3 0 0 6 Tobacco 56 lbs 0 2 0 0 O 6 ,, 1 to 2 cwts 0 5 0 0 1 0 Tow bdle or bale 0 4 0 0 1 0 Twine bundle 0 1 6 0 0 6 Twist and Yarn bale or case 0 5 0 0 1 0 Toys... large case 0 12 0 0 2 0 ,, small ,, O 6 0 0 1 0 Umbrellas, English case 0 5 0 0 1 0 ,, Chinese ,, 0 5 0 0 1 0 Varnish 5 gallons 0 1 6 0 0 6 Vinegar cask 0 5 0 0 1 0 _ ,, .. hogshead 0 8 0 Vitriol .. case 0 5 0 ' Waggons 0r Vans .. each 10 0 0 2 0 0 Watches ... ad valorem VVhalebone cwt 0 2 0 0 0 6 Wheels, Carriage pair 0 6 0 0 1 0 ,, Railway ,, 0 8 0 0 2 0 ,, Engine ,, 1 0 0 0 4 0 Whiting cwt 0 1 e 0 0 6 Wines cask 0 8 0 0 2 0 n on an 000 ... hogihead 0 o 0 2 0 pipe, utt, or .. { puncheon }1 0 o 0 3 0 ,, doz qts O 1 0 0 0 6 N no on no ... ,, 0 0 9 0 0 6 76 MACLEAN’S GUIDE TO BOMBAY. Wharfage ABrIcLBs. GhEIPVZd and Ship- R‘savnet’elfier ' g ' pingRate. ' Per Ba a. r. A. r. Castor Oil case 0 4 0 . Chairs, Easy... each 0 2 0 . Chinaware or Porcelain 0888 0 6 0 .. n n , cask 0 8 0 . Chutney doz bottles 0 1 0 .. ,, cask 0 6 0 .. Cigars thousand 0 1 0 .. Cloves .. cwt 0 2 0 .. Oocoanuts thousand 1 0 0 .. ,, in casks or cases cwt 0 3 0 Coffee, inbags or casks ,, 0 1 0 .. Coir Fibre, Pressed Bales each 0 3 0 ,, Unpressed cwt 0 2 0 ,, Yarn .. ,, 0 1 0 ,, Rope ,, 0 1 0 0 6 ,, ,, in Coils, exceeding 5 cwt... n 0 4 0 1 0 Condiments, Indian case 0 4 0 . Copper, 01d , ' cwt 0 3 0 .. Cotton pressed bale 0 2 0 .." ,, Bales shipped to vessels at the Buoy ,, 0 8 0 ,, Waste... bale O 3 0 Curry Powder doz bottles 0 1 0 .. Cutch ... case 0 3 0 .. Dates ... .. . seron 0 2 0 Dhall (Split Pea) cwt 0 0 6 Drugs ,, 0 2 0 .. Elephants’ Teeth or Tusks, loose ,, 0 2 0 . g, g, .u ,, 0 8 0 c FiShmaWS ... .. ... . n 0 2 0 - Flax, Pressed Bale each 0 3 0 .. Flour cask 0 6 0 .. ,, Back 0 4 0 ,, Furniture, Indian, not xceeding 40 0 ft. in case 2 0 0 .. Galls... cwt 0 1 0 .. Gingelly Seed ,, 0 0 6 Ginger ,, 0 2 6 ,, Preserved case 0 4 0 Grass pressedbale 0 4 0 Grass or Rosa Oil . 6gallons 0 2 0 Groundnuts cwt 0 1 0 Gums,incases each 0 8 0 Gutta-percha cwt 0 2 0 Hemp , pressed bale 0 3 0 Hides (Salted) cwt 0 1 3 ,, Dry ,, 0 1 6 Hingda ,, 0 2 0 ,, Horns 1,000 2 8 0 . " If shipped in Dock. BASSOON noon. 7 7 Wharfagei ARTICLES. ChHovgd and Ship-‘ wgefier “8 ’ pingRate. ' Per Ra A. r. Re A. r. Horses ... ... each 5 0 0 Indigo, Chests ... ' ,, 0 6 0 ,, Serons .. ,, 0 5 0 Iron, Old ... cwt 0 1 0 Ivory package 0 4 0 ,, loose ton 2 8 0 . Jellies and Preserves... doz 0 l 0 .. Jute pressedbales 0 3 0 .. Linseed .. cwt 0 0 3 . Mace ,, 0 4 0 .. Mats package 0 2 O .. Mother-o’-Pearl (Shells) ton 2 8 0 Myrabollams... cwt 0 1 0 .. NuxVomica... ,, 0 2 0 .. Oil, Castor, Cocoanut, Gingelly, &c. cask 0 8 0 .. ,, Paint, Turpentine, Kerosme, kc... 10 gallons 0 2 0 Onions package 0 0 6 .. Opium, 140 lbs ... ... inchest 1 0 0 . ,, halfchest 0 8 0 Pepper cwt 0 2 0 Piece Goods case orbale 0 6 0 Potatoes ... basket 0 0 6 Rags-00 ill .00 Cl. .0! 0 3 0 I Rapeseed ... cwt 0 0 6 . no no 000 on n 0 2 0 n Rice ... bag of6qrs 0 1 0 .. Rose Oil ... case 0 6 0 . ... In. .00 .0. .60 1 0 0 I Sandalwood ... cwt 0 2 0 . ,, Oil ... ... 5gallons 0 1 6 . Seeds ... cwt 0 0 3 . Shellack ,, 0 2 0 . Silk, Raw ... ... case orbale 0 5 0 . IO. .0. .0. .00 0 2 0 I Sugar bag 0 2 0 . Tanned Skins, Cow package 0 5 0 . ,, ,, Sheep and Goat ... ,, 0 2 0 . Tea chestof601bs 0 2 0 . . ,, .. ... ... half chest 0 l 0 . Teelseed cwt 0 0 3 . Turmeric ... .. ,, 0 2 0 . Waste, Cotton ... bale 0 3 0 .. Wheat cwt 0 0 3 . s. e-o one Ill .0. 0 3 0 Yarn or Twis .. ,, 0 5 0 Cotton and other country produce can be consigned direct to the Dock from any station on either the G. I. P. or the B. B. and C. I. Railway Companies’ at an extra charge of four annas per ton for the use of the Dock siding. 78 MACLEAN’S GUIDE TO BOMBAY. GENERAL POST OFFICE. (Fro-re Town, Esplanade.) Lt.-Col. G. M. Battye, Postmaster Ge- Dinnanath Babajee Rele, Supt. Posta neral, Bombay. (Europa) Press. H. E. M. James, Esq., C.S., Ofg. C. A. Stuart, Postmaster, Bombay. Rae Saheb Gunputrao Raghoba Tal- E. Hutton, Ojfg. Assist. Postmaster pade, Head Assistant. Bombay, and Overland Parcel Agent. Ramchunder BapooJee J adhow, Supt. V. M. Cabral, Dy. Postmaster. Dead Letter Ofiice. Bombay. DEPARTURE OF OCEAN MAILS, 8:0. OVERLAN D The Overland Mail Steamers of the P. and O. S. N. Company leave Bombay every Monday during the fair season (and every Friday during the monsoon at 5-30 2. u.) soon after 7 ma. 1877.—7 r. n. 1877.—7 r. u. 1 1877.—5-30 r. 11. Monday 1st Jan. Monday 7th May Friday 7th Sept. ,. 8th ,, ,, 14th ,, ,, 14th ,, ,9 ‘0' ,, ,, ... ,, ,, u. ,, ,, 22nd ,, 5-30 r. u. 7r.u. ,, 29th ,, Friday lst June Monday 1st Oct. ,, 5th Feb. 7 ,, 8th ,, ,, 8th ,, ,, 12th ,, ,, 15th ,, ,, 15th ,, ,, 19th ,, ,, 22nd ,, ,, .. 22nd ,, ,, 26th ,, ,, 29th ,, ,, 29th ,, ,, 5th Mar. ,, ... 6th July ,, , . 5th Nov. ,, 12th ,, ,, 13th ,, ,, 12th ,, n '-' 19th at n H- 20th 9: n ~- 19th on ,, 26th ,, ,, 27th ,, ,, 26th ,, ,, 2nd April ,, 3rd Aug. ,, 3rd Dec. :1 N 9th 0: n "- 10th 0 n 10th 2: ,, 16th ,, ,, 17th ,, ,, 17th ,, ,, 23rd ,, ,, 24th ,, ,, 24th ,, ,, 30th ,, ,, 31st ,, ,, 31st ,, The following are the arrangements in the hours for closing Mails :— Letters will be received at the General Post Office up to 5-30 am. during the fair season, and 3-30 2.11. during the monsoon. Newspapers, Books, and Patterns up to 3r. it. during the fair season, and 1-30 am. during the monsoon. Registered Letters up to 2 2.11. during the fair season, and 1 2.x. during the monsoon. Registered Letters, if fully pre-paid, together with an extra fee of 2 annas, will be received at the General Post Office between 2 and 4 an. during the fair season, and l and 3 p.11. during the monsoon. ' Late letters, if fully pre-paid by means of stamps in respect both of postage and of the late lcttcr fee (2 annas each), will be received at the Wellington Pier Post Ofiice from 5-30 to 6-30 mm. during the fair season, and from 3-30 to 4-30 2.11. during the monsoon. GENERAL POST orrrcn. .79 The latest hour for posting Ordinary Overland Covers at the several Branch Post Offices is 4 p.m., and registered letters at 1 Ian. Fully pre-paid letters will be received on board the Overland Mail Steamer after the closing of Mails at the General Post Office) up to starting time, by the payment of an additional fee of 4 annas. All otheis will be refused. Via Bummer. Via SOUTHAMPTON. Letters not exceeding § 02 6 annas. Letters not exceeding A oz. 5 annas. Newspapers 2 ,, Newspapers 1 anna. Books or Patterns, 1 oz., 1 anna 6 pics; 2 oz., 2 as. 9 pics; 40z., 4 as.9pies. CHINA MAILS, &C. Mails for China, Point de Galle, Singapore, Penang, Hongkong, Shanghai, and Japan, are despatched every alternate Tuesday during the fair season, and every alternate Monday during the monsoon. ' 1877.—4 r. M. ' 1877.—4 nu. 1877.—4 1am. Tuesday 9th Jan. Tuesday 15th May. Monday 17th Sept. ,, 23rd ,, ,, 29th ,, Tuesday 2nd Oct. ,, .. 6th Feb. Monday .. 11th June ,, 16th ,, ,, 20th ,, ,, 25th ,, ,, 30th ,, ,, .. 6th March ,, 9th July ,, 13th Nov. ,, .. 20th ,, ,, .. 23rd ,, ,, 27th ,, ,, .... 3rd April. ,, 6th Aug. ,, 11th Dee. ,, 17th ,, ,, 20th ,, ,, 25th , ,, lst May ,, 3rd Sept. ' Letters to China. not exceeding 9; ounce, 4 annas ; Newspapers, 2 annas. AUSTRALIAN MAILS. Mails for the Australian Colonies are closed at the General Post Office every fourth Saturday. 1877.———3 an. 1877.—3 PJI. 1877.-—3 p.m. ‘ . Saturda 18th Au . Saturday ... 6th Jan. Saturday 28th April ,, y 15th Begs, ,, ... 3rd Feb. ,, 26th May. ,, ... 13th Oct. ,, 3rd Mar. ,, 23rd June. ,, 10th Nov. ,, one ,3 9, ,) Oil DQC. Letters not exceeding 1; ounce, 6 annas ; Newspapers, 2 annas. Registered Letters will be received until 1 an. on the above dates. MAILS FOR KURRACHEE. The B. I. S._ N._Company’s Contract Steamers are despatch ed from Bombay to Kurrachee tW1ce m a week, Viz., on every Monday and Friday. PERSIAN GULF MAILS. The Mail Service by the Contract Steamers of the British India Steam Navigation Company between Bombay and the Persian Gulf is now weekly but as the Steamers touch at Guader, Muscat, and J ask on every alternate voyage only, the Mails for these ports are despatched fortnightly, A Mail is despatched on every Friday, 80 MAOLEAN’s GUIDE TO BOMBAY. DESPATCH OF INLAND MAILS FROM BOMBAY. Table showing the hours for closing the Inland Mails which came into force from the 1st October 1876, and will continue so until further notice :— At General Post Office. At the Boree At, Branch BunderRail- MAILB. Ordinary Registered Post Ofiices.way Station Letters and Letters and Post Office. Papers Parcels. For Bengal, N. W. Provinces, giunjaub,B Central Pé-ogincesl, alwa, erar, an or a Post Towns on the N.E. 4'50 P'M' 3 1",“ 3 1"“. 5‘25 P-I- Line of the G. I. P. Rail- way .................................. .. . \For all Post Towns on the lSEE. Linefofthre G. I. P. ilwa , or oona and _ MadrasyPresidency; also for 1 20 r‘n’ 12 Room “'30 A-I- 1‘55 P-K- Ahmednu gur, Seroor, Dec- can, and . M. Country .... .. For ditto on the B. B. and C. I. Railway for Guzerat, Kur- _ ' rachee, Sind,Kattiawar, and 7 30 P'u' 4 r'u' 5'30 r-m Kutch ............................ .. For ditto in Southern Concan, i.¢., for Penn, Nagotna, 42.11. of pre- Mhar, Khed, Dapoolee, and 10 A‘M' l vious day. }8'30 “1" Rutnagherry ................... .. ‘ For ditto on the S. E. Line of 5 30 the G. I. P. Railway, as far 530‘ u { 4_P.M.0fpre { 'ofprlé‘vgl } 39.1%) iffiiff’ff‘fffffifffi mus day' @118 day Registered letters and banghy parcels for despatch by all mails will be received, except on Sundays, firom 10 A..M. to 4 PAL Lanna—There are six deliveries in Bombay every day ; at 8 A.u., 10 A.x., 11-30 A.M., 1 P.M., 2 p.m., and 5 2.1:. The inland post goes out at 6-30 p.m. for Khandeish, Bengal, N. W. Provinces, Punjab, Central Provinces, Malwa, Berar; for Poona, the Deccan, Southern Mahratta Country, and Madras Presidency, also for Ahmednugger and Seroor, at 2 P. M; and for Scinde, Kattywar, and Kutch at 6-30 EM. For all Post Townsin Southern Concan, 1'.e., for Penn, Nagotna, _Mhar, Khed, Dapooli and Rutnagherry at 10 A.M. For the South Eastern hne as far as Poona, 5-30 A..M. The Overland Mail for England is despatched on every Friday evening at 7 O’clock, and closes at 5-30 o’clock for letters, and 3 ms. for newspapers and books. Late packets are received. GENERAL Pos'r OFFICE. 81 on payment of extra postage, up till 6-30 PAL at Apollo Bunder and on board till the hour of the steamer’s departure (7 P.n.) at an additional fee of 4 annas. Postage on inland letters not exceeding 5 tolah i} anna, 1 tolah 1 anna, above land not exceeding 2 tolahs 2 annas. On letters to the United Kingdom not exceeding% ounce via Brindisi 6 annas, 1 ounce 12 annas ; via Southampton not exceedingi ounce 5 annas, 1 ounce 10 annas. PREPAID INLAND POSTAGE RATES. ~——_-nh_= "a"! '2 Lnrrna Pos'r. BANGIIY Pos'r. aul e' ‘ - Registered‘Um,e - , gistered Ngglsgigg? Newspapers, Packets. _ Sheets 820' Letters. ' Parcels. Open covers.1 Open covers. Open covers _ 4 Prepayment Prepayment Prepayment " ' ‘cornpulsoryu compulsory. compulsory. . d l ‘ A. P. A. P. A. P. A. P. A. P. Not exceeding é tola in weight .......... .. 0 61 Exceeding 5 tola and not exceeding 1 tola . in I c I e I o a I n a I n- 1 0 0"... OIOIOI IOOIOO Ill... Exceeding 1 and not exceeding 2 tolas in weight............. 2 0 . . . . . . . . . For every additional tola ............ .. 1 0 .... .. Not exceeding 10 tolas in weight ........ .. 0 6 1 0 Not exceeding 20 tolas in weight .......... .. 1 0 4| 0 3 0 Exceeding 20 and not exceeding 30 tolas in weight .......... .. ...... 1 6 .... .. 6 0 3 0 For every additional 10 tolas ................. 0 6 .... .. 2 O 1 0 Note.—(1.) Postage can be prepaid only by means of a proper stamp, or stamps adhesive or embossed. (2.) Any article sent by letter post can be registered under the regula- tions applicable to the registration of letters. (3.) The tola is the standard weight of a Government rupee. It is equal to 72/175 ounce (avoirdupois), 10 tolas being thus very slightly in excess of 4 ounces. 1 4 pies............... = id. 1 anna .... = Rd. 2 annas... = 3d, 6 pics or i; anna = 3 farthings. 1 anna 4 pies = 2d. 8 annas... = 1.9. 8 == 1 penny. 1 annaSpws = 2M. 1 rupee... = 2s. 84 MACLEAN’S GUIDE To BOMBAY. Each Each packet EACH LETTER. newspa- of printed er. a ers &c. COUNTRIES, me, P P P , Registra- tion Fee. Per 4 ozs. Per 2 ozs. Per t oz. Rnumon AND ST. MABIB m MADA- AS. P. As. r. As. 2. As. r. eAsCAB— Via Bombay and Aden, and thence by French Packet through Agent on board ............................... .. 5 0 4 0 1 0 1 6 In West Africa. SBNBGAL & Darnnnnncxas— Via Brindisi through the United Kingdom ............................... .. 6 0 4 0 2 0 2 6 Via Southampton through the United Kingdom ................... .. 5 0 4 0 1 0 1 6 GERMANY— Via Brindisi ............................ .. 5 0 4 0 1 0 1 6 GIBRALTAR .................................. .. 4 0 4 0 1 0 1 6 GREECE— Through British Post Office, Alexandria ............................ .. 5 0 4 0 1 0 1 6 Additional route from Aden only— By French Packet through Agent on board 5 0 4 0 1 0 1 6 HOLLAND—See Netherlands ............. .. HUNGARY—See Austria. ICELAND— Via Brindisi through Germany 5 0 4 0 1 0 1 6 ITALY-1- Via Brindisi ............................... .. 5 0 4 O 1 0 1 LUXEMBURG— Via Brindisi through Germany 5 0 4 0 1 0 1 6 MADBIBA— Same as for Portugal ; and also the following :— Via Brindisi through the United Kingdom ................. . . ............ . . 6 0 4 0 2 0 2 6 Via Southampton through the United Kingdom ................... .. 5 0 4 0 1 0 1 6 MALTA .................................. . . 4 0 4 0 1 0 1 6 Monocco—Postal Establishments of Spain on the Western Coast of— Sec Spain. NETHERLANDS— Via Brindisi through Germany 5 0 4 0 1 0 1 6 NORWAY—— Via Brindisi through Germany 5 0 4 0 1 0 1 PORTUGAL— Via Brindisi through French Oflice Modane .................................. .. 5 0 4 0 1 0 1 6 Via Marseilles through French Office, Alexandria ............ ..t .... .. 5 0 4 0 1 0 1 6 Via Gibraltar ............................ .. 5 0 4 0 1 0 1 6 86 MAOLEAN’s GUIDE TO BOMBAY. (l)._—Parcels are received at any Post Office in India under the conditions mentioned below at the rate of 8 annas per lb. or fractionthereof (prepayment compulsory), for transmission to the following countries, viz. :— COUNTRIES. United Kin gde German Austria-Hun- gary ............. .. v o u a o o I .- Sweden .......... . . Norway .......... . . Switzerland .... . . France ............. . . The Netherlands (Holland) .... . . Belgium .......... . . Remarks respecting special conditions, &c., applicable to particular Countries. ( The prepayment carries the parcel as far as London, any additional charge which may become due on account of British custom duty or carriage beyond London being realised from the addressee. The attention of the public is invited to the fact that the British Post Office has no con- nection with the Overland Parcel Post ; all arrangements out of India are made by the Peninsular and Oriental Steam Navigation Company, and enquiries proceeding from the United Kingdom shou‘d be addressed to that Company’s Office, 122, Leadcnhall Street, London, EC. The British Post Office, however, has consented to exhibit in every Post Oflice of the United Kingdom a notice con- { taining information on the subject of the Indian Parcel Post. Parcels must not exceed £50 in value. Any parcel which, on examination of the declaration at Bombay, may be found to exceed this value will, instead of being forwarded by the Overland Parcel Post, be transferred to the Bombay Agency of the P. & O. S. N. Company for transmission in- dependently Of the Post Office, and subject to such regula- tions and charges on delivery as maybe applicable thereto under the Company’s regulations. (Nona—The Company’s present charge is an ad valorem rate of 2 per cent., which does not include Marine or other (Insurance) The prepayment carries the parcel to destination. Should any custom duty become due, the amount will be charged on delivery. See also Rule 9 respecting compensation for damage or loss. The prepayment carries the parcel to the limit of German conveyance, a separate charge being made on delivery for conveyance beyond the German frontier, as well as for custom duty, should any become due. See also Rule 9. The prepayment carries the parcel to the limit Of German & conveyance, a separate charge being; made on delivery for conveyance beyond the German rontier, as well as for 2 custom duty, should any become due. From Rule 3 it will be seen that there must be also a second or duplicate declaration of contents and value. See also Rule 9. (The prepayment carries the parcel to the limit of German conveyance, a separate charge being made on delivery for conveyance beyond the German frontier, as well as for custom duty, should any become due. From Rule 3 it will be seen that there must be also a second or duplicate declaration of contents and value, and that the second or duplicate declara- tion should contain a statement of the weight (lbs. and oz. or tolas) of the contents, and should, ifpossible, be written in the 2‘ French language. See also Rule 9. OVERLAND PARCEL POST. 87 (2) .—Every parcel should be securely packed in a closed cover or case, and should bear the name and address of the person in the United Kingdom or foreign country for whom it is intended. MIL—The public are specially warned against the use of flimsy covers for articles transmitted by the Parcel Post. Heavy articles are sometimes sent with only paper covering insecurer tied with string : friction in transit detaches this cover, and damage and loss ensue. A covering Of stout cloth or wax-cloth, sewn at the edges, is recommended ; but if the contents are liable to sufi'er from pressure, boxes Of wood or tin should be used. (3).—Every parcel shonld be accompanied by a separate paper headed with the address Of the parcel and containing a declaration of its contents and value under the signature of the sender. Below the signature the address of the sender should be given. For the parcels addressed to— The U. Kingdom figgggtggég; Only one declaration as above described is required. Denmark ............. .. Sweden ................ .. Norway ................ .. A second or duplicate declaration is also required. Switzerland .......... .. . (A second or duplicate declaration is also required, and the sender is requested to enter in the declaration a state- ance ment Of the weight (lbs. and ozs. or tolas) of the con- The N tents, and to write the second or duplicate declaration, (Holland) 4 if possible, in the French language. Should he be unable """"" " I to do so, the Bombay Post Office will attach to the Belgium """"""" " second or duplicate English declaration a French ren- dering thereof, but the sender is warned of the delay L which may result from this. (4) .—-The parcel so addressed, and the separate paper or papers above referred to, should then be enclosed in a substantial outer cover. This outer cover should be superscribed and addressed to “ The Post Master, Bombay,” and marked “ Overland Parcel Post” above the address. (5) .-—The parcel so made up must be fully prepaid by means of postage stamps at the rate of 8 arm/ls per 11b. (40 tolas) or fraction of a 1b., care being taken that the stamps adhere firmly to the cover. (6) .—The parcel so made up must not exceed 50 lbs. (25 seers) in weight, or 2 ft. in length by 1 ft. in breadth or depth. It will be received at any Post Oflice at the hours fixed for the receipt of ordinary banghy parcels, the usual receipt being given to the sender without reference to the mode of packing prescribed in the case of inland arcels for which receipts are claimed. (7) .—-On arrival at ombay, the Post Master will take Off the outer covering, and forward the inside parcel and the accompanying declaration or declarations to the country Of inside address. (8) .-—It is forbidden to send in these parcels opium or any liquid or any sub- stance or material of a dangerous, damaging, or Offensive kind. (9).—In the case Of parcels for or from Germany or Austria-Hungary and the foreign countries served through Germany, compensation will be given by the responsible Post Office to the sender for loss or damage sustained in transit (cases of sea risk 0r of via major 0r 0f the own negligence of the sender in respect Of packing or other wise excepted). Such compensation will in no case exceed 1% rupee for each 11). weight or fraction thereof in respect Of parcels forwarded from India, and 3 marks or 1% fiorins for each 500 grammes or fraction thereof in respect of parcels from Germany or Austria-Hungary. Should the sender desire it, the compensation will be paid to the addressee instead of to himself. 88 HACLEAN’S GUIDE TO BOMBAY. ! Exchange Exchange ‘ 1 Scnnnvnn 7 6. 1s.10§d. rate of per Rupee. per Rupee. £ 2 8 annas. FROM 23. DOWN TO 18. 94., Commission rates..................| ls.11d. mwof ?6 Is. 115d. SCHEDULE ScHBDULB mmo per Rupee. Exchan EXCHANGE AND OVERLAND Tariff showing the amounts chargeable in India. for Bank For sums not exceeding .. 3. Exchange rate of 18.11%d. per Rupee. per Rupee. In addition to the sums shown in the Schedules, the following SCHEDULE Exchange mmof 13.11%d. mm of 28. per Rupee. SCHEDULE SCHEDULE Exchange . l.\lll| I II ' , . 29633096300603939.“((tcl.......((t - ...96096309309. . 2 36475800122345.0677 A81m3m4m6m88191m2u00m4151 1 1 . 5011223344556677889000000000000 MmmmflmmeMO 1 p“O0999999663906906936Q.3693603696095396309 . 1 35464 12234456 A7M4H2907M5809192N2H314B41 1 10 77 0011223$34011223344556677889900000000000 M1234667 9m DhQuQUnDQuQvOQuQunOnOnéqbQuOQu"OQuOQu"DnqunxunOQonénOQvoGvnDOCanbnéQvnOQGO"O . 2 3131.. 24301223445677 $0001112223011223344656677889900000000000 R123456789m L6936069390336990336990366900393096096396 . 2131 12234 5667 A36mm147HM2808081919192w2m .1 .10 4 e0.11223344556677889900000000000 1111A! %wwmwfi6789m 19309609639033866699900033366693093096096 L135680[B50808080808091919191901223445667 11 l 0 1011223344556677889900000000000 “mmwwwm7mww 10000000000000000000000000000093093093093 L0000000000808080808080808080801223445667 00 011223344.556677889900000000000 mmwmwwsvwwm Onnnns. Auctm'r or iooooooo00000000000000000 00000 1 56789 s.00000000001234.56789_.0..1H..Qm.4h..11.11.... £128456789m EXCHANGE AND OVERLAND MONEY ORDEE. 89 i000000000000000000000 0 128456789mn ORDERS. £128466789m I SCHEDULE SCHEDULE -—JL——-—£i;— Anmmror f P99668309968866990336699088669968096309600 L6341290634921436092143609214301238456678 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 mmof 18.9d. 1 7 1 Mlflnqu“5waMMO11223445-O6678899mm00000000000 19609630930000333333366666669996309630963 L4942721505921436r081032547092101233456678 1 1 11 1 1 l 1 1 1 1 mmof 1&%. 1 1 %1%%% MN NMO1122334556677899mw00000000000 £10 2 Ihlpecs. H. l 1 m. L2570352470910325470921436570901233456678 111 1 1 1 1 l 1 1 12. M12%M%%%%wm01122334556677889mm00000000000 1 rate of ls.9§d. L0112233455810305500658102140065nl01233456678 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 rate of 13.9%d. s123l5%7890011223344566778899000000000000 #12345 789 . 1 £7 9. 1 Rupee 8 annas 160939390006963093096309630930996309309630 L4310875431810314354708103143501233455678 1111 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 mmof ls. 10d. 8. mmof 1s.10}d. £5 1 Rupee T MONEY ORDER TABLE. Drafts and Money Orders payable in the United Kingdom. rates of Commission on Money Orders will be chargeable, viz. -'—- BY FROAOTIONS OF id. PC I I \ISCHBDULB SCHEDULE SCHEDULE SCHEDULE SCHEDULE I \ i 000 0000 a00000000001234567890123466789 1111111111 P60096093960099996663333000099996309630963 P6093939606996330966300966300996309630630 012 45.07 9011223 7‘ P600930609399306396093060096093096306309630 L2952518413810213253657081021401233455678 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 .l. .0 P9309309309606393939396060606396396309609 L MwmwflwMM%%M011223344556678899W00000000000 . z i. w r o Ill/"I (4" I'Jox-v‘u" r\, "I lit! Ll, I! I mwof hlfii Exchange Exchange Exchange Exchange Exchange Exchange Exchange ‘ perRupee. perRupee. perRupee. perRupee. perRupee. perRupee perRupee. 90 MACLEAN’s GUIDE TO BOMBAY. EXCHANGE AND OVERLANI FROM 18. Bid. DOWN TO 18. 6d. 0‘ e F. 18.7Qd. ) SCHEDULE 19 per Rupee. 11 rate 0 P0999966Q33996630096fich9966309gb®0$96630 . 32721933711 6 11 A59M381 1 1 15M82m 093B7 101234556789 691368030112334 2 h1fi34678912 11 45667889901100000000000 1111 4'11. ‘1 18. rate of Exchange Excha, ls 7%d. L6939360603963063096309309630996630996300 L2479241368933700437114481155801234456789 _. 11 1 1 1 1 11 1 1 257 1 112334 6 1 MHM%%%789MH0 45 67789900 00000000000 111 rate of hJfl Exchange £0000000000639606396063960639696630966309 L000000000093m6093m6093m6093m601234456788 2 680011 33 1 Mm%%%m7%9mm 2 445667789900 00000000000 111 SCHEDULE SCHEDULE SCHEDULE 16. 17 rate of 18.8%d. L9306396093606060393939393939396330963009 . 32 1 1 Amn964153089 16M9215M8114M71m401234456788 11 79124 35 89 1 “123457 106 1 8 1 1 011223445567788900100000000000 111 15. 13.8%d. Exchange Exchange rate of p“00Ov00060066n80600000009060000.qu0690000v00600vn0n4u00900000006 L1623845051922548114370932558201234456778 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 56801357011223 H%34578901 M 11 44556778899mn00000000000 14. SCHEDULE SCHEDULE 18.8}d. per Rupee. per Rupee. per Rupee. per Rupee. per Rupee. Exchange rate of P.00060006QUfiOn0006“.6000”0..aunOQuoa‘onOQvOQunOOuOv.66QuOQnDnfiounvnDnfioQvnhv . 1 15 19214B6M81w921 M7 mnemwme@EMMO11223 00326581 111 44556678 0436501233456778 111 899mm00000000000 AMOUNT on 03:11:35. i0000000000000000 $0000000000123456 £123456789m 00000000 789mm mm 00000123456789mu 56789 11111 N.B.--No order can exceed £10 or Overland Money Orders may be obtained at any Government EXCHANGE AND OVERLAND MONEY ORDER. 91 HONEY ommn TABLE—(Continued) BY FRACTIONS OF id. Auouxwor Onnnna 16.00000000000000000000000000000123456789wn QMOOOOOOOO001234567890123456789 1111111111 11234567890 Du 1 SCHEDULE % h.M. Exchange rate of P.QQQOQUOaOQGOuflv0.09000nvafi090609n009n.00000009099006n6000000v L5005005005050050060050050050011234567899 1.. 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 36 M112 .- 3 1 7 0 22 22344566 889m1n11100000000000 24‘. 18 6;}(1. rate of R6036060393606060939393939693009966330099 L25792413580.05045944934833823811234567889 11 .l. 11 1 1 .1 1 1 3692582.081011233455677899011200000000000 M1235679mnm 11111 SCHEDULE Sonnnunn m. rate of 13.65d. 16393960609693603906936039069899663300996 L5544333221045944833722711600501234567789 111111111111 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 7 P9663096630369036903690036903699663009966 Rupee. per Rupee. per Rupee. per Rupee. per Rupee. per Rupee. Exchange Exchange Exchange Exchange Exchange B L f o w. 0% L2963029680044933722601559348201234566789 E2 m6 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 n2 am s25%1469258011233455677889001200000000000 C II 12 5678012 .1111 S B 111 m L0336699990088669990033866990099633009663 f . W 0d L04482R6006044822601559837116001234566789 Bl Mn/ 1 1 1 1 1. 1 \ l 1 .1 1 2 H 57 1. 1 12 M MD B23W$N$OE%O 1283456667889MM1100000000000 S 111 m P6060608939000000999999996666699633099633 u Md . u 7 1 mm m” A M6M5B413HN4M8235M93B71H5M93m01234556789 . 2 792 7 2 1 m mhu M1M346M8W1m0 12334456678899NHH00000000000 S o LIP} l-IU‘S An’l~l s'lx’L The requisition should be accompanied by payment of costs. antain the fiaction of a penny. reasury. ,_ I 92 MACLEAN’S GUIDE TO BOMBAY. INDIAN MONEY TABLE. 3 Pic make ................ .. 1 Pice ................... .. = 1} Farthing. 4 Pice or 12 Pie ,, ................ .. 1 Anna ................ .. = 1% Pence. 16 Annas ,, ................ .. 1 Rupee ................ .. = 2 Shillings. 16 Rupees ,, ................ .. 1 Gold Mohur ....... .. = £l-12. 1,00,000 Rupees ,, ................ .. 1 Lac ................... .. = £10,000. 100 Lacs ,, ................ .. 1 Crore ................ .. = £1,000,000. FOREIGN COINS, WITH COMPARATIVE VALUES. These rise and fall in their value according to their abundance or scarcity. English Intrinsic Covn'rnms. CHIEF Coms. Commercial Value Value. in India. s. d. -Rs- A. 2. Austria ........................................ .. Florin ................ .. 1 11 1 1 6 Belgium ..................................... .. Franc ................ .. 0 l- 0 6 9 Brazil ........................................... .. Milrei ................ .. 2 3 1 1 6 Buenos Ayres (Argentine Republic). Dollar ................ .. 3 6 ____ __ Canada ........................................ .. Dollar ................ .. 4 2 2 4 0 China ........................................... .. Tael ................... .. 6 6 3 9 0 Ditto ........................................ .. Dollar (varies) .... .. 4, 6 2 9 0 Cuba ........................................... .. Dollar ................ .. 4 2 2 4, 0 Denmark ................ ................... .. Rigsbank Dollar... 2 3 1 2 11 Egypt ........................................ .. Piastre ............. .. 0 21;. 0 O 1 6 England ..................................... .. Shilling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 0 8 0 Ditto ........................................ .. Sovereign .......... .. 20 0, 11:) 4, 4 France ........................................ .. Franc ................ .. 0 9%; 0 6 9 Ditto ........................................ .. Louis d’or .......... .. 16 5 8 2 4 Germany, North ......................... .. Thaler ................ .. 2 11 1 9 0 Ditto ........................................ .. Florin ................ .. 1 8 O 14 3 Greece ........................................ .. Drachma ........... .. 0 8% 0 5 8 Ditto ........................................ .. 5 Drachmes . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 1 14 2 Holland ..................................... .. Florin ................ .. 1 8 0 14 5% Italy ........................................... .. Lira ................... .. 0 9-1; 0 6 0 Japan ........................................ .. Ichibu ................ .. 1 4% .... .. Java ........................................... .. Florin ................ .. 1 8 0 14 5* Mexico, Chili, Peru ...................... .. Dollar (about) .... .. _ 4 2 2 4 0 Norway ........................................ .. Rix Dollar .......... .. 4 ' 6 2 5 11 Persia ........................................ .. Tomaun .......... .. 10 0 .... .. Portugal ..................................... .. Milrei (about) .... .. 4 6 2 2 0 Roman States ............................... .. Scudo ................ .. 4 2 2 4 0 Russia ........................................ .. Rouble ............. .. 3 2 1 11 0 Spain ...................... ................... .. Dollar ................ .. 4 2 2 2 0 Ditto ........................................ .. Duro of 20 Reals... ____ ,, 2 3 5 Sweden ........................................ .. Bix Dollar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 2 6 1 Switzerland .................................. .. Franc ................ .. 0 9% O 6 9 Turkey ........................................ .. Piastre (nearly) O 2% O 1 6 Uruguay ..................................... .. Dollar ................ .. 3 6 .... .. U. S. of America ......................... .. Dollar ................ .. 4 2 2 2 0 West Indies, British ...................... .. Dollar ................ .. 41 2 2 2 O * l >~ I. J A ENGLISH AND INDIAN MONEY DISCOUNT TABLE. Articles of Association of a Company ..................................... ..] Memorandum of Association of a Company ............................ .. Appointment in execution of a power, whether of trustees, or of property, moveable or immoveable, where made by any writing not being a Will .................................................... .. Declaration of any Use or Trust, of, or concerning any property, moveable or immoveable, where made by any Writing not being a Will ................................................................... .. Instrument of Gift of Immoveable Property ............................... .. Instrument of Exchange of I mmoveable Property, where no money is paid or agreed to be paid for equality of exchange .......... .. Partition—Deed, relating to immoveable property, where no money is paid or agreed to be paid for equality of exchange. J Petition for leave to file a specification of an invention, or for the extension of the term of the exclusive privilege of making} ‘ using, or selling such invention in India ......................... .. DISCOUNT TABLE.—ENGLISH MONEY. Articles of Cterkship, or contract whereby any person shall first become bound to serve as Clerk in order to his admission as an Attorney in any High Court ........................................ .. Showing the amount of discount at various rates on sums under a pound. >Sixteen Rupees. One Hundred Rupees- Rupees- Pive Hundred - 5% 10% 15% 20% 25%i - 5% 10% 15‘1;E20% 25% s.d.,s. J., 3. d. s. d. 3.0!. s.d. s.d. s. d. s.d. s. d. s.d. s.d. 050050020050101251003107010212151 01000501011020226804081121418 1300;,01402203032760%,091018110; 1801(02030405 8405010181821 21 01202403205 061192 052011 14i110 221} 2601203102080721000610162026 211 012034051107 08%126 07%13 110220 314; 39023042002109010;1500910233029 420211305’071ki01010;]76010k19273644é 4702205208101111%2001020304050 00 06|0 1013i DISCOUNT TABLE.——INDIA.N MONEY. C! CO (O Showing the amount of discount at various rates on sums under Rs. 10. - 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% — 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% R.a.p.!R.a.p. R.a.p. R.a.p.,l?.a.p. R. a. p. R. a.p.lR.a.p. R.a.p.,R.a.p. R.a.p. R.a.p 0 8400 2‘00 400 000 830 010 2148,02 40 48,0 700 94,0118 0 6800 4100 801 0,01 4,0 1 8,3 54,02 80 54,0 8001080134 010000 001 001 6,02 0,0 2 6 3120,03 00 6010 9001200150 013400 801 402 0,02 8,0 3 4 4 2803 40 58,010001841 08 1 0801 0101 802 8,03 40 4 2 4 9403 80 74011001481 24 1 4001 002 0,03 0,04 0,0 5 0 5 0004 00 8001201 001 40 1 7401 2,02 403 6,04 80 510 6 40,05 00100,0150,1 401 90 114001 603 004 6,06 00 7 6 7 80,06 001201 201 801140 2 1401 8103 405 0,08 80 8 4 8120,07 001401 5011202 30 2 48‘0110‘03 805 6,07 40 9 210 0008 01 001 802 002 80 280I02 0104 0106 0,08 00100 I l 96 HACLEAN'S GUIDE 'ro BOMBAY. TELEGRAPH DEPARTMENT. GOVERNMENT OF INDIA TELEGRAPH. (FI'CTC Town, Esplanade, next to Post Ofi‘ice.) W. R. Brooke, Superintendent. D. B. Cromartie, 2nd Asst. Supt. A. E. Boyd, 1st Asst. Supt., Bombay. P. Gerrard, 2nd Sub-Assistant. Rate of Inland Telegraph Charges. Free Address—N0 charge is made for the transmission of the address. The address includes names of stations from and to which the message is to be despatched, the bona fide names or designations of the sender and addressee, and the latter’s address. No other words can be transmitted unless paid for as part of the body of the message ; and the Oificers of the Telegraph Department are authorised to omit from the address any words which are not essential to the correct delivery of the message. If the sender of a message desire his own address to be telegraphed, it must be included in the body of the message, and paid for. Charge for a Message.-—The following are the rates of charges for a message in ordinar language :— _ (a.) etween any two stations in India, or between any two stations in the Provinces under the administration of the Chief Commissioner of British Burmah, one rupee for every six words or less, exclusive of the address. (b.) Between any station in India and any station in British Burmah, or between any station in India or any station in Ceylon, one rupee eight annas for eve six words or less, exclusive of the address. (0. Between any station in Ceylon and any station in British Burmah, two rupees for every six words or less, exclusive of the address. Occasion on which double charges are leviable.—A double charge will be levied on all messages tendered for transmission between the hours of 6 p.11. and 6 AJI. 9009.1 time), also on Sundays and the following holidays :—Christmas Day, New ear’s Day, Good Friday, and the Queen’s Birthday. Charge for a Message in Cipher.—The char e for a message in cipheris double the charge for a message in ordinary English anguage. Messages despatched to and from Railway Stations without extra charge—A mes- sage can be sent from any station of the Government Telegraph Department to any Railway Telegraph station or vice versa without additional charge. Ceylon Local Rates—The local rate in Ceylon is one rupee for 20 words, in- clusive of address, for any description of message between any two stations ; with eight annas for every additional 10 or fraction of 10 words. Double charges are levied on messages sent after hours or on holidays, the same as in India. Uollation of fifessage.-—The sender of any message can require that it be re- peated. In this case, the difierent stations employed in its transmission collate it as it passes, repeating it to each other integrally. Charge for Collation.—-The charge for repeating is equal to half the charge for the message. A repeated message is indicated by the word “ collationée,” which, to ensure the greatest accuracy, is telegraphed (free) both in the oflicial instruc- tions and as the first word of the text of the message. Free Delivery withinfive miles of a Telegraph Station.—Messages will be de livered free of charge at any place within five miles of a Telegraph Station. Beyond this distance, messages will be sent by post, or by such other means as the sender may arrange and pay for. MUNICIPALITY or BOMBAY. 97 wr-v ‘- ABSTRACT TARIFF FOR FOREIGN MESSAGE. ‘ PER Wonn. To From Sta- | From Sta- tion west of tion east of ~ Chittagong. ‘Chitta gong. Rs. A. r. Rs. A. P. Aden ......................................................................... .. 1 12 O 1 14 0 Austria, via Suez or Teheran ..................................... .. 2 8 0 2 10 0 ,, ,, Turkey ................................................. .. 2 4 0 2 6 0 . - - via Amoor ...................... .. 10 9 l» 10 11 0 Austraha' south V1°t°r1a{ ,, Penang ...................... .. , 4 4 o 4 6 0 . via Amoor ............................... .. 5 9 O 5 11 0 Chma" Hongkong { ,, Penang ............................... .. 3 0 u 3 2 0 - {via Amoor ................... .. 5 9 O 5 11 0 ” Amoy and Shanghal I ,, Penang ................... .. 3 14 0 4 0 0 Egypt, via Suez ....................................................... .. 2 4 O 2 6 0 ,, ,, Teheran ................................................. .. 2 6 0 2 8 0 ,, ,, Turkey .................................................... .. 1 11 0 1 13 0 England, via Suez or Teheran .................................. .. 2 8 0 2 10 0 ,,, ,, Turkey ................................................. .. 2 4| 0 2 6 0 France, via Suez or Teheran ..................................... .. 2 8 O 2 10 0 ,, ,, Turkey ................................................. .. 2 4 0 2 6 0 Germany, via Suez or Teheran .................................. .. 2 8 0 2 10 0 ,, ,, Turkey .............................................. .. 2 4 0 2 6 0 Italy, via Suez or Teheran ........................................ .. 2 8 O 2 10 0 ,, ,, Turkey ....................................................... .. 2 4 0 2 6 0 Japan, Nagasaki, via Amoor ..................................... .. 5 9 0 5 11 0 , ,, ,, Penang .................................... .. 4 13 0 4 15 0 Other places, via Arnoor .................................. .. I'5 9 0 5 11 0 ,, ,, ,, Penang .................................. .. 4 13 0 4 16 0 ' Plus Rs. 4-14 for first 20 words, and Rs. 2-7 for every 10 words above 20. New Zealand, via Amoor ........................................... .. +10 9 0 10 11 0 ,, ,, Penang ........................................ .. 4 4 0 4 6 1' Plus Rs. 4-10 for first 10 words, and annas 7-6 for every additional word above 10. MUNICIPALITY OF BOMBAY. (OFFICES z—Rampart Row.) PEDDER, B.A., C.S., Municipal Commissioner. (Europa) W. G. E. W. RAVENSCROFT, C.S.I., Hon., Acting. Members of Town Council. G. F. HENRY, Chairman. F. Mathew. Nanabhoy Byramjee J eej eebhoy. Nowrozjee Furdoonjee. Rughoonath Narayen Khote. Shantaram Narayen. Dr. T. Blaney. Sir Frank H. Souter, Knight, C.S.I. Surgeon-Major H. Cook, 11.1). Dosabhoy Framjce. Lieut.-Col. H. F. Hancock, R.E. Mahomed Ali Rogay, lion. MUNICIPALITY 01" BOMBAY. 99 Horse and Wheel Tax. 011 every font-wheeled curriege‘oh spriu'gs .J... .... 11's. 8 per quarter. On every fave-Wheeled carriage on springs, except hackeries.. ,, A ,, On every native hacker-y used for riding in, and drawn by bullocks... .... .. . ....... ,, 7 ,, On every labour-can and labour-hacker}. . ....... .. ,, ,, On every horse, pony, or mule, of the height of 12 hands or upwards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. ,, 7L ,, 0n evefl some, puny, or Mule} ofheikht less than 12 hands. h. 31' ,, Water Rate. Water when delivered through meters, to be charged at the rate of 12 ennas per 1,000 $391013. For ater not supplied through meter— 3§ per cent. on the 1st... . 100 | 2 per cent. on the 2nd ......... .. 100 I} per cent. on the third and each succeeding hundreds of the assessed monthly rental of the house. No house to be supplied with water at a. less charge than twelve annas per mensem. Halaleore Cess. > 8 per cent. on the actual rent payable by each occupier. Maximum Monthly charge ...Rs. 7 0 0 I Minimum Monthly charge ...Rs. 0 4 0 Town Duties for 1877- 3.8. a. p. Rs. 8.. p. Grain of all sorts, per candy 0 b 0 Sugar, incg. molasses, jagree Metals, exce t gold, silver, iron and goor (on Tariff value)... 1% p.ct. and steel on Tariff value) .. 1 p. ct. Ghee, per Bombay Mauud 0 6 O Wines and spirits, per gallon... 0 4| 0 Timber, excluding railway Beer, per gallon ...... .. .. 0 0 6 sleepers (on market value)... 2‘} p.ct. POLICE COMMISSIONER/S OFFICE.-Mazagon. Sir FRANK H. Sou'rnn, Knight, 0.8.1., Comim‘. of Police. ALFRED EDGINTON, Dy. Commr. of Police. Bombay Fire Brigade. Under the Order: of the Commissioner of Police. Alfred Edg'uflon, Superintendent. rim: Home annoys. W. thita er, Chief En ‘uccr. Rampart Bow. Duncan Road. Sirdar Khan, 1st Asst. .ngineer. Mandvee. Mazagon Oflice. William Boorer, 2nd Asst. Engineer. Pydhowni'. Mahim. FORT POLICE OOURT—Kornby Row. C. P. Coons, Senior Magistrate. l NANA MOROJEE, Third Magistrate. GIRGAUM POLICE COURT—Girgaum. DOSABHOY FRAMJEE, Second Magistrate. BOMBAY JAIL.—HOUSE OF CORRECTION—Oomeroany. Ca. t. W. P. Walshe, Supt. Burg-Maj. W. P. Partridge, Surg. to CfMapp, Assist. the Jail and House of Correction. 0. Lake, Marshal of the County J ail. CORONER'B OFFICE—Rampart Row. T. Blaney, Esq., Coroner. l A. F. Turner, Esq., Deputy Coroner. G Messrs. Aldridge, Salmon and Co. n N )l M ’2 )9 ’7 9) 9! 2) 9) a, ’9 M ’1 ’7 D! Q! ,l M h )3 9| 100 MERGANTILE DIRECTORY. f BOMBAY CHAMBER OF COMMERCE. (ESTABLISHED 22m) SEPTEMBER 1836.) JOHN GORDON, Secretary. List of Members. Messrs. Ritchie, Steuart and Co. Bates (Edward) and Co. ,, Sassoon (D.) and 00. Bell, Brandenburg and CO.‘ ,, Siegfried 'Jules) and CO. Benn, Ashley and Co. ,, Southern (R. L.) and CO. Campbell, Mitchell and Co. ,, Spinner (E.) and Co. Clason (IL) and Co. ,, Stearns, Hobart and Co. Ewart, Latham and CO. ,, Vinay and Co. Finlay, Muir and Co. ,, Volkart Brothers. Finlay, Scott and Co. ,, Wallace and Co. Forbes and Co. Watsnn, Bogle and Co. Framjee, Sands and Co. The Austro-Hungarian Lloyd’s Sv N. Gaddum and Co. Compan . Graham (W. and A.) and CO. The Agra nk, Limited. Greaves, Cotton and Co. The Chartered Bank of India, Australia, Killick, Nixon and Co. and China. Knoop and Co. The Chartered McrcantileBank of India, Lockhart (George) and Co. London, and China. Lyon and Co. The Comptoir d’Escompte de Paris. The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation. The National Bank of India. The Oriental Bank Corporation. The P. and O. S. N. Company. The Rubattino S. N. Company. Macdonald (C.) and CO. Nicol (W.) and Co. Owen and Okell. Peel, Cassels and Co. Punnett and Co. Ralli Brothers. COMMITTEE FOR 1876-77. Captain G. F. HENRY, Chairman, Hon’ble DONALD GRAHAM, Deputy Chairman. R. E. Bickerdike, M. Mowat, Esq. .................... ........... Walter Lang, Esq. . .. D. Finlayson, Esq. ................... ........................... .. J. A: -O~I...000000O.00.....VebeiiiveoOIOIQI...'IOOI‘UNQO' u s o t on Membm. 101 finding (gitttttqiilt Ema it {$ntan ~~-~~~-WMMW EUROPEANS. Aldridge, Sahnon and Co., Merchants, Rampart Row. J. F. Aldridge, Europe. Geo. Salmon, do. H. Helm e, do. William Gilbert, signs the Firm. Corresponding Firm. J. F. Aldridge and Co., London. Anderson and Co., Armenian Lane. S. W. Anderson, Bombay. Wm. Sevestre, signs perpro. Angus, Son and Co., Merchants, Meadow Street. Robert Angus, Bombay. Bates (Edward) and Co., Merchants, Elphinstone Circle. Edward Bates, Europe. E. P Bates, do. G. T. Bates, do. James Dickson, signs per pro. Corresponding Firm. Edward Bates and Sons, Liverpool. Bell, Brandenburg and Co., Merchants, 28, Bombay Green, Elphinstone Circle. John T. Bell, Europe. J ohs. Brandenburg, Bombay. Corresponding Firm. Bell, Brandenburg & Co., London. Benn, Ashley and Co., Merchants. C. E. Benn, Europe. J. Bevis, do. A. E. Ashley, Bombay. J. G. Russell, (10. Booth and Co., Merchants, Church ane. T. R. Booth, Bombay. Corresponding Firm. Booth and Co., Khangaum and Oomrawuttee. Bounevialle and Co., Merchants, Hum- mum Street. 0. Bounevialle, Bombay. Peter CecilRodrigues, signs per pro. Corresponding Firms. 0. Bomuriall and Co., London and Bordeaux. Martell and Co., Cognac. Bushby (J. C.) and Co., Merchants, Dean Lane. . Thos. Wilson, Europe. J. C. Bushby, (10. W. H. Bushby, do. ' Corresponding Firm. Bushby Bros. and 00., Liverpool. Campbell (John) and Co., Merchants, Meadow Street. H. C. Campbell, Europe. Cutler, Palmer and 00., Wine Mer- chants, Dean Lane. Chas. Palmer, Europe. F. E. Cutler, do. R. G. Cobham, do. E.A. Cobham do. John Edward Rodger, Bombay. Corresponding Firms. Cutler, Palmer and Co., London and Bordeaux. Cutler, Palmer and Co., Calcutta. Arbuthnot and Co., Madras. Jardine, Matheson and Co., Hong- kong and Shanghai. Baretto and Co., Manilla. Armittage Brothers, Ceylon. A. John 6t Co., Allahabad and Agra. Rooks, Parrye‘t 00., Buenos Ayres. Gillon and Co., Lahore. H. Box and Co., Queensland. Watcher and Co., Epernay. Lenl Bros., Madeira. Bisquit Dubouehe and Co., Jar-nae Cognac. LEADING MERCANT'ILE FIRMS. 103 Gal dum and 00., Merchants, Rampart King, Kingvand 00., East India Army Row. . G. H. Gaddum, Europe. E. C. Gaddum, do. '1‘. H. Gaddum, do. J. K. Bytbell, Bombay. Otto Fiedler, signs pa pro. Corresponding Firm. Gaddum and 00., Manchester. GreaVes, Cotton and Co., Merchants, Hummum Street. James Greaves, Europe. Fred. Hoyer, do. George Cotton, Broach. R. Hyde Cheetham, Bombay. John R. Greaves, signs perp'ra. Corresponding Firms. Greaves, Cotton and 00., Breach, Dhollera, and Bhownuggur. James Greaves and (30., Liverpool and Stockport. Grindlay, Groom and (30., Bankers and Agents, El hinstone Circle. Charles ames Groom, Bombay. Pryce Weedon, signs per pro. Corresponding Firms. Grindlay and 00., London. Grindlay and Co», Calcutta- Joseph Jenni, Merchant, and Agent Austrn-Hungarian Lloyd, Elphin- stone Circle. Joseph Janni, Bombay. J.L.Stipperger, Chief Assistant. Killick, Nixon and Co., Merchants, Rampart Row. R. P. Nixon, Europe. Roger Sedgwick, Bombay. L. R. W. Forrest, do. Corresponding Firm. Preston, Nixon and 00., Liverpool. King and Co., Merchants, Church Inna. Purshotum Odhowjee, signs per 1: r0. Corresponding Firm. Moller R., Manchester. and Civil Service Agents, and Bankers, Church Lane. Henry Samuel King, Europe. Henry Seymour King, do. Alfred D. Saunders, signs the Firm. ‘Vm. Roy, signs r pm. 8. E. Webster, Corresponding Firm. Henry S. King and 00., London. King, Hamilton and C0., Calcutta. King, Seymour and 00., Southamp- ton. King, Baillie and 00., LiverpooL Knoop and 00., Merchants, Trenches-’8 Buildings, Rampart Row. udwig Knoop, Europe. Julius Knoop, Europe. Geo. Plate, Europe. R. E. Bickerdike, signs perpro. 0. H. Ruelberg do. Corresponding Firms. DeJersey and Co., Manchester and Liverpool. L. Knoop, St. Petersburg and Moscow. Plate Bros., Bremen. A. Range and Co., London. Lockhart (George) and 00., Merchants, Rampart Row. George Lockhart, Europe. Ad Prier do Saone, Bombay. J. Pouta, signs per pro. Lyon and 00., Merchants, Apollo Street. Edrmmd Lord, Europe. Edward Walker, Bombay. E. Comber, signs per pro. Corresponding Firms. Lyon, Lord and C0., Manchester. Lyon, Comber and 00., Liverpool. Mackintosh, James, and Co., Ship and Freight Brokers and Agents, Elphin- stone Circle. J. A. P. Mackintosh, Bombay. Chubildas Lulloobhoy, do. J. R. K. Johnson, do. Corresponding Firm- Bobertson Bros. and 00., Dhar. war, Gudduck and Carwar. 1‘04 MACLEAN’s GUIDE TO sons“. Macdonald (0.) and Co., Merchants, Parsee Bazaar Street. Charles Macdonald, Bombay. Edward Miller do. Mackinlay, Simpson and Co., Mer- chants, 4, Hornby Row. ’ John Mackinlay, Europe. William Mackinlay, do. W. Simpson, Bombay. Corresponding Firm. J. and W. Mackinlay, Glasgow. Madeley, R0Frederick, Merchant, 2, Homilify w. F. adelay, Europe. Muncherjee Dossabhoy Wadia, signs per pro. Corresponding Firm. Frederick Madelay, Birmingham. Madelay and Co., Calcutta. Marshall, John, Merchant, 30, Meadow Street. McCulloch, Beyts and Co., Ship and Steam er Brokers and Agenln, Church Gate Street. W. McCulloch, Europe. 0. A._Beyts, Bombay. Premqee Dhurumsey do. Corresponding Firms. McCulloch and Co., 147, Leaden- hall Street, London. Browne. Brothers and Co., New- castle and Sunderla 6 Mitchell (C. E.) and Co., Merchants, 11, Hummum Street. 0. E. Mitchell, Bombay. Nicol (W.) and Co., Merchants, Elphin- stoIneFCircle. . emin C.S.I. Euro e. Mcnwmagii’, R., ' do}? W. Nicol, Jun., do. H. Maxwell, Bombay. 3. Ililgll, Bombay. . . acaulay, si per ra. Alexander McHinchg-ms do? D. Maciadyen, do. _ Corresponding Firms. Smith, Fleming and Co., London. A. and Brown and 00., Liverpool. _ Fleming and Co., Kurrachee. NicolJ‘lemmg and Co., Calcutta... Owen and Okell, Merchants, 23, Apollo Street. D. E. Owen, Europe. Geo. Okell, (10. Richard Roberts, signs per pro. Corresponding Firm. OkeIl and Owen, Liverpool. Peel, Cassels and Co., Merchants, Elphinstone Circle. Iewis H. Birch, signs perprfl. Clement Poole, signs per pro. Corresponding Firms. John Peel nd 00., Manchester and Liverpool. Peel and Co., Alexandria. Pelly and Co., Merchants, 30, Meadow Street R. B. Reynolds, Europe. 0. H. Reynolds, do. J. G. Fox, do. G. Grifliith, signs per pro. Corresponding Firm. Reynolds and Co., London and Liverpool. Punnett and Co., Merchants, Hornby R ow. T. F. Punnett, Bombay. Corresponding Firm. Lanyon and Co., London. Balli Brothers,RampartRow,Merchsnts. P. Faehiri, Bombay. Corresponding Firms. Ralli Brothers, London. Liver-pool, Manchester, New York, and Calcutta. . Ralli. Schilizzi and. Argenti, Mar- seilles. Remington and Co., Merchants, E1. phinstone Circle. J . A. Baumbach, Europe. W. B. Tristram, do. Edward M. ann, Bombay. Robert Baumbach do. Corresponding Firm-9. Crawford, Colvin and Co., London. Colvin, Cowie and Co., Calcutta. Parry and Co., Madras. J ardine, Matheson and Co., China. BANKS. 109 GOVERNMENT SAVINGS BANK. OFFICE—NEW BANK or Bonn“. M. Balfour, Secretary and Treasurer. | Ed. Cannon, Superintendent. HONGKONG AND SHANGHAI BANKING CORPORATION. ELPHINSTONE CIRCLE. George E. Noble, Agent. | J. M. Grigor, Accountant. NATIONAL BANK OF INDIA, LIMITED.—-RAMPART ROW. Wm. Baker, Manager. | John Kyd, Acting Accountant. G. R. Wingrove, Assistant Accountant. NEW BANK OF BOMBAY, LIMITED,—ELPHINETONE CIRCLE. M. Balfour, Secretary and Treasurer. Robert Clerk, Chief Accountant. W. Fraser, Deputy Secretary. James \V. Slight, Inspector of Branches. M. F. Esperance, Supt., Public Debt Office. ORIENTAL BANK CORPORATION.—RAMPART Row. B. D. Cairns, Acting Agent. | Robert Bell, Acting Sub-Agent. D. Sinclair, Acting Accountant. FORT STREET OFFICE DIRECTORY. 113 Buttonjee A. Nowrojee and Co. Ardaseer Nowrojee, merchant and com- mission agent. Hormusjee Bomanjee Wadia. Thomas Bromley, bill and exchange broker. Pestonjee Dhunjeeblioy Coorlawalla. Coorla Spinning and Weaving Company, Limited. Ardaseer Bomanjee Hormusjee Wadia. A. Vaz, sail-maker. Framjee D. Wadia and C0. Bombay Association. Wheatley, Madden and Co., Shipping Agents, &c. . [Facing the Mint.] Chartered Bank of India, Australia, and China. Ryan and Co., brokers. Pombay Fort Gymnasium. Industrial Press. Mercantile Marine Office. [Facing the Custom Hausa] Devjee Gungadhur, muccadum. Sassoon Press Company, Limited. John W. Scott, broker. Bell, Brandenburg and Co. Agency of the Austo-Hungarian Lloyd’s Navigatil 11 Company. J. Janni, A gent. Geo. Gahagan, general merchant. H. D. Fisher and Co., merchants. Scott, McClelland and Co., Civil En- gineers and Architects. The Advertiser Printing Press. N. V. Curranee and Co. Ocean Express, Overland and General Shipping Agency. Ardisheer and Co., merchants. Famham and Co., merchants. American Consulate. Govindjee Shamjee, Customs form seller. Purvis’ Customs’ Agency. Cockburn’s United Service and Co~ operative Society. [South Section of the Circle including the 1 short bisecting Street] G. I. P. Railway Agent’s and Chief Accountant’s Oflice. G. I. P. Railway Chief Engineer’s Ofiice. Grindlay, Groom and 00., East India and Regimental Agents. City of Glasgow Life Assurance Company. J .Farbstein, Warsaw Hair-cutting Saloon General Registrar’s Oflice, \ P. and J. Randelia & Co., general mer~ chants. James Mackintosh and Co., brokers. Finlay, Scott & Co. Eastern Marine Insurance Co., of Bom- bay. Peel, Cassels 82 Co., merchants. Sun Fire Office. Globe Marine Insurance Co., Limited. W. M. Tennent. broker. Ritchie, Stenart & L‘o. - Union Marine Insurance Company. Limited London and Liverpoil. Broach Cotton Company, Limited. EdWard Bates & CO. Alexandra Spinning and Weaving Company, Limited. The Frere Land and Pier Company. Viegas Flip Company. The Mazagon Company, Limited. Colaba Spinning and Weaving Company, Limited. W. Nicol 85 Co. Nicol Press and Manufacturing Come pany, Limited. Fleming Spinning and Weaving Com- pany, Limited. British India Steam Navigation Corns pany, Limited. Mofussil Company, Limited. Carwar Company, Limited. Bombay Metal Mart. Bombay Saw Mills Company, Limited. Byculla Iron Works. K. K. Oester. Consulate in Bombay and Consul-General of Austria and Hun- gary. Nursey Kessowjee d‘t Co. Anglo-Indian Insurance Company, Ld. Renter’s Telegram Company, Limited. Colaba Press Company, Limited. Benn, Ashley dz Co. Hydrabad D. S. and W. Company, Ld. Bank of Bombay, Bank of Bengal. ' Remington 61 Co., merchants. Apollo Press Company, Limited. Bombay Insurance Society. Alliance British and Foreign Life and Fire Assurance Company. Royal Exchange Assurance Corpora- tion of Marine and Fire. Church of England Assurance Institu- tion. Canton Insurance Office. Bengal Insurance Company. Amicable Insurance Company. l G, I, P, R. Company’s General Offices. FORT STREET OFFICE DIRECTORY. 115 Sir J amsetjee .l’ejeebhoy Parsee Benevo- lent Institution. West End. Fort Branch First Grade Anglo-Vema- cular School. Goculdas Tej pal Girls’ School. Government Vernacular School. Pension Pay Ofilce. Presidency (Military) Pay Office. Hummum Street. South Side. [Meadow Street to Apollo Slreet.] Thorpe and 00., tailors, and general merchants. H. Bicknell, Solicitor. The Anglo Indian Spinning and Manu- facturing Company, Limiled. Narronjee Dhuvrumsy and 00., millinery and Bengal shop keepers. Soundy and 00., general merchants. 0. Marcks and 00., watch-makers, jewellers, 81c. Swift and Farrow, Public Accountants. E. W. Flower, house agent. Bombay Mechanics’ Building Company, Limited. J afier Sulliman and C' 0., general mer- chants. Vinay and 00., merchants. Aux Villes de France, millinery and dress-making establishment. Campbell, Milchell and 00. Royal Insurance Company, Bombay Agency. Hormusjee M anockjee, wine merchant. Greaves, Cotton and 00., merchants. Denison and 00., sodawater manu- facturers. Menesse and 00., auctioneers. Hajee Cassum and 00., tailors. Aba Ramsett, goldsmith. Byramjee Pallonjee, Europe shop-keeper. North Side. Y. A. Lucka and 00., outfitters. C. E. Mitchell 51. Co , merchants The Oriental and American Telegram 00., I (1. Liverpool Underwriters' Association. Joonas Tyab, draper. O. Bonnevialle and 00., wine merchants. O. Grondona. Chancelleria del R0. Con solato d’Italia. Rubattino Steam Navigation Company. R. Lupi and 00., freight and produce brokers. Italian Marine Insurance Company, Begistro-Italiano, Genoa. Hudson and Co , provision merchants. Louis Frank, Carver and Gilder. Marine Lane. [Apollo Street to Marine Street.] Rustomjee 8t 00., Master Carpenters. Marine Street. West Side. [Apollo House to Town Hall.] Robert Brown, house and ship plumber, copper-smith, and gas-fitter. Prince of Wales Hotel. Newcome Fox, Barrister-at-Law. H. C. Kirklatrick, Barrister-at-Law. James J ardine, Barrister-at-Law. The Bombay Association. Victoria Patent Brick Company, Ld. Bombay Oil Works Company, Limited. Hussonbhoy Thavur and 00., ship- chandlers. Ardaseer Framjee Moos, merchant. DaWoodbhoy Peerbhoy, shipchandler,&c. Crawford and 00., auctioneers. Western India Lithographic Drawing and Printers Press. Eduljee Framjee and 00 , merchants. Byramjee Pestonjee, dubash. Framjee Nusserwanjee a. 00., dubashel. East Side. [Facing High Gourk] Dockyard. Bombay Hydraulic Press. Apollo Bonded Warehouse. Custom Bonded Warehouse. custom House. Town Hall. Mint. _—- Meadow Street. East Side. [Forbes Street to Rampart Rom] H. Clason and Gals Godown. Angus, Son and 00., merchants. Bombay Gazette Olfice. A. Laing, Gunmaker, 8:0. G. S. Judge, Solicitor. 116 MACLEAN’S GUIDE TO BOMBAY. R. M. S. Bronson, Barrister-at-Law. Nusserwanjee Framjee Dhondee, general merchant. Khunderao Morojec, Solicitor. S. Edelstein, Hungarian boot and shoe maker. Dhunjeebhoy Rustomjee and Co., mess agents. Burjorjee Nusserwanjec, Victoria Toys shop. Catholic Chapel and Nuns' School. Nowrojee Bomanjee and Co., pianoforte and harmonium ware-house. Byramjee Hormusjee, watch-maker. Ebrahim Abdoola, book-seller. St. Peter‘s Armenian Church. Motee Coobare, cabinet-maker. Nusserwanjee Byramj ee, cabinet-maker. Ardeseer Bros, portrait painters R. Kolajee and Co., es ate and house agent. John S. Elmore and Co., merchants. Mrs. Medley, millim-r and dress-maker. Book Depot of Sol-iety for Promoting Christian Knowledge. Joseph Ali, book-seller. John Mahomed, shirt-maker. 8:0. S. D. Esperance, copper-plate engraver ‘ and printer. B. Rodrigues, chemist. Thorpe and Co., tailors and general merchants. ‘ [East End of Hummum Street to Rampart Row] Y. A. Luckn and Co , outfitters and general merclmnta Cowasjec Brouhers, merchants. Boml ay and Mofussil Horse Supplying Agency. J. Blackwell, broker. Mohamed Ally Abdool Latiif, tailor, outfitter, and Cambay stone seller. B. Jeevunjee ,Mehtn, wine and general merchant. J amsetrjee Muncherjee, watch-maker. Pallonjee Hirjeebhoy’s Sons, general merchants. Nusserwanjee Manockjce, merchant. John Marshall, merchant. Burj orjee Sorahjee Sons, merchants. D. Fernandes and Co., dispensing che- mists. National Marine Insurance Company of Southern Awtrulir. London and Lancashire Life Assurance Company, Pelly and Co., merchants. P. Byramj 0e, house agent. Esubjee Adumjee, tailor and outfitter. Nanu N arnyuna Kothare, Solicitor. D E. Gostling, C.l!l. Prescot and Winter, So‘icitors. G. Claridge and Co., printers. Theodor Knaust, Bohemian Glasswwc Depot. Oriental Spinning and Weaving Com- pany. Broach Mills Company, Limited. Dhurrunney Poonjabhoy Spinning and Weaving Company. J. Campbe‘l and Co., merchants. Phoenix Fire Insurance Company. Hormusjee Somhjee, book-seller and stationer. Dinshnw Hormusjee and C0. , auctioneers. Mel‘ajee I hmedbhoy’s Sons, millincrs. D. Cooverjee Majoo, milliner. Breslauer and Co., merchants. Taylor's Hotel. M. Morton and Co , harness makers. West Side. Balcrishna V. N. Kirtikar, Solicitor. Bhugwandas Munmohundas, Solicitor. T Edwards, gummakcr. Merwanjee Heerjee, cabinet-maker. Ardaseer Byramjee, Barrister-at-Law. Thursee Lukhmidzu, estate broker. J amsetjce Cursetjee Coma, Solicitor. Jamsetjee Merwanjce, coal merchant. Framjoe Rustomjee, general dealer. S. Sim p001 jce and (30., general purveyors and bez -ar suppliers. [West End of Military Square to Rampart Row] J. Neuberg, general merchant. Vussontrow Hurrichund, photographer. Framjec Shapoorjee, watch-maker. Uursct‘jee J ewajce Mhow, provision and wine merchant. Ebrahim Ademally, China merchant. A, Boscheck and Co , merchants. i adabboy Cowasjce, general merchant. A. Rampmm, painter, sculptor, and gene- ral do orator. S. Rose and Co., music saloon,importers , and agents. Cursetjce Cowasjec, watch-maker. Geo. Nicholl & Co., boot and shoe maker. Nansee Khyraz and Co., tailors and out- fitters. E. Frankenberg and Co., merchants. saddlers and 119 $tllttlil $1mi Earring ni gunman INHABITANTS. Altamont Road, Cumballa. Bill. T. Bromley, Broker. J. A. de Lima, Asst, Ralli Brothers. 28 John Marshall, Merchant. 29 F. W. Stevens, Ex. Engr., P.W.D. 30 B. H. Pinhey, Hon., Judge High Court. 31 A. Abercrombie, Assist., Ewart, Latham and Co. — W. V. Ewart, Assist. do. —— P. A. R. Oldfield, Partner, Ewart, Latham and Co. 33 A. Rodgers, Hon., Council. 34 H. F. Purcell, Barrister-at-Law. Member of Anstey Road, Cumballa - Hill. 2.7J. E. Bodger, Partner, Palmer and Co. — H B. Bicknell, Solicitor. J. W. Slight, Inspr. of Branches, Bombay Bank. Apollo Street, Fort. R. Hilton, Inspector, Dockyard. C. Jaeka, Head Condr, Dockyard. C. G O‘Connor, Inspr., Dockyard Police. 6 C. Tye, Manager of the Land Mortgage Bank of India, Limited. — V. F. Bellow. — Jas. Kingsmil‘, Superintendent, Government Central Press. G. Miles, Assist. Boo. to Govt. 6 W. Neiman, Proprietor, Divan Exchange. 12 F. Gordon, Clerk, Cam bell Sc Co. -- Robert Cox, Clerk, earn and Cleveland, Solicitors. Cutler, 12 Robert Hastings, Court House Keeper, &c., High Court. 22 James Pearse, Confecti met and Bread and Biscuit Baker. 24 W. L. McKenzie, Stevedore and Marine Contractor. 25 G. Atherton, Manager, Joseph Scares. — J. Soares. Merchant. — W. G. Mayhew, Asst, Forbes 80 Co. 81 F. Southwell Piper, Pilot. 32 N. Roberts, Clerk, Remington, Here and Langley, Solicitors. Wk Slovestre, Manager, Anderson 0. Ash Lane, Fort. 2 S. Hodgert. Supt. (Joining Dept, Bombay Mint. Bake House Lane, Fort. 2 L. Lawson, Stevedore. 41 Gibello Fiori, Painter, Decorator and General Contractor. 5 Edwin Lawrence, Coudr. 0rd. De- partment. 10 A. H. Durant, Condr. Transport Depart, Dockyard. — J. Setterfield, Sub-conductor Ma- rine St re, Dockyard. —- J. Lyons, Surveyor, Municipality. -—- T. Paddy, Pilot. — Melling, Pilot. -- Ellis, Captain, S. S. Pehlwan. Bellasis Road, Byculla. 41 J. T. T. Brown, Undertaker and S:ulptor. 7 W. Arnott, Assist, W. Nicol & Co, 120 MACLEAN’S GUIDE TO BOMBAY. 9 Ernest Menesse, Portuguese Trans- lator to Government. L Palmer, Customs Preventive Ser- vice. 13 F. Rowland, Army Accoutrement Contractor. Byculla Club-— E. Walker, Partner, Lyon 8: Co. L. Crawford, Solicitor. H. C. Kirkpatrick, Barrister -at- Law. C. A. W. Cameron, Assist., Framjee, Sands & Co. T. Ormiston, C.E. W. Gray, Dr. James Jardin, Barrister-at-Law. J. Thorburn, Partner, Sir 0. Forbes. C. Grondona, Italian Consul. S. N. Fox, Barrister-at-Law. C. E. Benn, Partner, Ben and Ashly. G. F. Remington, Solicitor. Colonel F. P. Mignon, Deputy Commissary Genl. W. Fraser, Depy. Secy. and Treasurer, Bank of Bombay. I. B. Lyon, Surgeon. J. L. Lushington, Account. Genl. W. '1‘. Keys, Captain, Assist. Commissary Genl. E. M. Palmer, Asst. Actt. Gen]. J. D. Inverarity, Barrister-at-Law. 15 C. P. Cooper, Senior Magistrate of Police. .G. K. Remington, Assist., Reming~ ton & Co. 21 R. L. Sands, Assist., Framjee, Sands & Co. 22 E.C. Watkins,Inspector, Port Trust Bunders . 23 J. Neill, Warder, House of Correc- tion. 26 DeBaldie, Madame, Milliner and Dress-maker. 32 J. L Turner, Book-keeper, Stearns, Hobart & Co. 39 J. A. Forbes, Partner, Forbes and Co. —- W. F. Knapp, Surg., Sir J .J . Hos- pital . -- C. H. B. Forbes, Manager, Forbes J. Bowick, Engr, and Co. Soonderdass Mills. A. W. Sharples, Asst. Mana;er, Soonderdass Mills. Bombay Green, Fort. 28 J. Janni, Agent, Austro-Hunga- rian Lloyds. 29 A. G. Murray, and Co. — M. Guidera, Clerk, Eastern Tele- graph Company. J. Campbell, Architect, Scott, McClelland and Co. 30 L. H. Birch, Manager, Peel, Cassels and Co. — John Birch, Exchange Broker. -— B. F. Farnham, U. S. Consul. 31 H. W. Williams, Renter’s Tele- graph Agency. The Right Rev. Louis G. Mylne, Bishop of Bombay. Rev. V. Dulley. Assist., Asquith _— Bruce Lane, Fort. W. Pritchard, Inspr., Customs Pre- ventive Service. F. Blyth, Partner, Badham & Co. Chmcbpoogly Hill. 15 Adam Tait, Assist, P. & 0. Office. —- John Kyd, Acting Accountant, National Bank. A. Wooley, Clerk, P. & 0. Office. 23 H. P. Jacob, Principal, Elphin- stone High School. T. B. Kirkham, Professor, Elphin- stone College. Chinchpoogly Road- 9 W. Bramhall, Manager, Manches- ter and Bombay Mills. J. Mitchell, Foreman, Manchester and Bombay Mills. 17 C. P. Platts, Dist. Traffic Manager, G. I. P. R. 18 J. B. Swan, Dist. Traffic Supt., G. I. P. R. 34 C. Musgrava, Engineer, Manches- ter and Bombay Mills. -— J. Hayhurst, Asst. Engineer, Man- ohester and Bombay Mills. Chowpatee Road. 1 James Flynn, Interpreter, High Court. 2 F. Fischer, Exchange Broker. GENERAL STREET DIRECTORY OF EUROPEAN INHABITANTS. 121 16 E. Wright, Supt., Paper Currency Ofiice. — L. Wright, Accountant, P,W. Dept. Moylan, Govt. Boiler Inspector. Church Gate Street, Fort. 2 M. Mull, Proprietor, Times of India. J. Locke Gray, Organist. R. Martin, Manager, William Watson and 00. 7 S. W. Anderson, Cotton Merchant. F. Bridger, Reporter, Times of India. 7 G. E. Noble, Manager, Hongkong and S. Banking Corporation. 16 J .W. Stidston, Assistant to Watson and 00. Charles Ischaar, d0. Richard Kelly, (10. Geo. R. Norrish, do. R. Alexander, do. J. Champion, do. A. G. Waters, do. H. Harrap, do. H. J erram, do. 17 Henry Stead, Liquidator, London Bank. Church Lane, Fort. 3 C. Monet, Assistant, Vinay and Co. - J. Bickel, Assist., Gaddum and Co. Clare Road, Byculla. 6 P. Hamilton, Undertaker Sculptor. 8 F. W. Doolittle, M.D., Surgeon. 9 Thos. Blaney, Dr. 10 W. P. Walshe, Capt. Supt., House of Correction. — C. Mapp, Deputy Supt., House of Correction. 14 W. Allingham, Assist. Auditor, G. I, P. R., AdelphiHotel. —_ Dean Lane, Fort. W. R. Carnac, Broker. S. L. Macnaghten, Merchant. and Dungarsey Road, Malabar Hill. J. L. Madden, Partner, Wheatley, Madden and 00. A. Cooper, Assist., Graham and Co. J. B. Paterson, Partner, Graham and Co. 77 J. Randall, Inspr. of Roads and. Buildings, Municipality. 81 Malcolm McPherson, Editor,Bombay Gazette. 82 L. G. Hynes, Assist. Mint Master. 83 0. J. Mayhew, Barrister-at-Law. 84. Alfred D. Saunders,Manager,King, King and 00. (Europe) — William Roy, Assist. , King, King and Co. -- S. E. Webster, do. -— A. J. Ker, do. 85 P. F. Bellew, Surgeon -Maj0r, Deputy Assay Master, Mm' t. Elphinstone Circle, Fort . 11 Theophilus Jones, Pilot. — T. H. Rawlins, Pilot. 12 W. B. Fellows, Assistant Municipal Commissioller and Collector. -— G. W. Read, Cotton Broker. — S.W. Read. 13 Peter Lunel, Clerk, Lyon and Co. — Henry Lunel, Fitter, G. I. P. Rail- way. -— F. H. Jollifl‘e, Secretary, E. D. Sassoon and Co. — H. Knott, Verger of the Cathedral. — J. E. Kees, Accountant, P. W. Dept. W. Smith, Agent to the Society for Prevention of Cruelty to Animals. 14 C. J. Sharp, Agent, Chartered Bk. of India, Australia and China. 15 H. W. Jones, Accountant, Charter- ed Mercantile Bank. — Donald Bain, Assistant, (10. - W. J. Smellie, Assistant, do. — E. W. Campbell, Exchange Broker. — M. R. Wyer, Assistant, Messrs. Wallace and Co. ‘ 16 Stephen Wodin, Preventive Officer. -— James Thomson, Clerk, Wallace and Co. —— W. J. Kirk, Signaller, Government Telegraph Dept. —- E. M. DeMonte, C.E. 14 John Purchel , Condr., Ord. Dept. 15 W. Bather, Condr., 0rd. Dept. 16 P. Nelson, C()Hdr., 0rd. Dept. 24 Robert Snelleks, Clerk, Wheatley, Madden and. Co. 124. MACLEAN’S GUIDE TO BOMBAY. 17 Lieut. Col. R. White, RE. 18 W. Martin Wood. 19 Rev. D. C. Boyd. 20 E. M. Fogo, Partner, Remington and Co. — Lieut-Col. W. A. Baker, Under- Secretary to Govt, P. W. D. 21 Rev. A. G. Lewis, Garrison Chap- lain. 22 Major J. M. Sexton, Asst. Qr.-Mr. General. 23 N. R. Oliver, Asst. Collector, Cus- toms and Salt Dept. 24. Lieut. W. L. Searle, Dy. Conserva- tor of the Port. 25 Major T. Kettlewell, 20th N1. 26 Lieut. F. Beauclerk, R.E. —— Capt. J. Becke, 21stN.I. '. 27 G. Sigg, Asst, H. Classon and C0. - C. Jenny, do. do. —— O. Berger, do. Volkart Brothers. 28 Rev. D. Macpherson. 29 J. N. C. Beyts, late I. N., Accoun- tant, H. M.’s Dockyard. Marine Street, Fort. 2 C. McDonald, Customs Preventive Officer. 4 H. Pearson, Storekeeper, Custom House. 5 W. S. Stewart, Depy. Supt, Pre- ventive Service. 16 John Brown, Contractor. A. Lester, Custodian, Town Hall. Mazagon Bridge Road. 3 W. H. Hussey, Assist. to the Agent, G. I. P. R. C. ‘V. Perk, Revd. S. F. Norris, M. D. 7 D. Gordon, Assist. Loco. Supt, G. I. P. R. 18 M. McCarthy, Supt, Strangers’ Home. . 19 A. Edginton, Deputy Commr. of Police. -— G. A. Summers, Assist. Registrar High Court. 20 D. Smith, Capt, Supt, Customs Tobacco Dept. 21 R. C. Smith. Proprietor, Smith’s Hotel. — S. King, Loco. Dept, G. I. P. R. —— Chg?3 Heintz, Assist, Gaddum ' 0. 23 Hope Hall Family Hotel—- Geo. Atkinson, Sergeant-at-Law, Hon., Acting J udge High Court. E. Schwenkner, German Consul. John Hammet, Insptr. of Machi- nery. John Hewett, Assist.,Wallace & Co. A. F. Morris, Nautical Assist, Har- bour Defences W. Morris, Assist, W. Nicol8c C0. F. J. A. Hill, Assist, Greaves, Cotton & 00. W. Harrison, Manager, Hope Hall Hotel. J. T. Lindsay, Engineer, Prince’s Dock. Meadow Street, Fort. West Side. 1 R. A. R. Skipsy, Solicitor. 2 Thos. Edwards, Gunmaker. 2a R. S. Wilson, Acctnt., P. W. Dept. —— C. F. Wilson, Clerk, G. I. P. R. -- A. M. Mitchel, Acctnt., P. W. Dept. 7 H. Dunsford, Condr. 0rd. Dept. -— Wm. Class, Condr., 0rd. Dept. 12 J as. Clarke, Telegraph Master, Govt. Tel. Dept. — Geo. Moore, Signaller, Govt. Tel. Dept. — Edward Wayle, Guard, G. I. P. R. —— John Bingham, Clerk, Currency Office. — T. Alexander, Clerk, G. I. P. R. —- Ed. Frankenberg, Merchant. 13 Ch. Zerrenner, Genl. Comn. Agent. -— Ch. A. Stumgof, C. E. 8: Contractor. 15 P. Vuccino, Photographer. 26 R. Sc »bie, Saddler. — M. Dunnett, Saddler. 31 Thomas A. Elliot, Sub-Accountant, Chartered Bank. — James \Vest, Sub-Accountant do. — Cecil Gray, Assistant, Ewart, Latham and Co. East Side. H. Thorpe, Partner, Thorpe & Co. 33 S.(1’E5p01‘£t' 08, Engraver. — G. Skinderoghlow. —— E. E. Martim lich. 35 G. W. Medley, Custom House Officer. -- W. T. H. Brown, Partner, J. S, Elmore 8t Co. — J. H. Bull. GENERAL STREET DIRECTORY or EUROPEAN INHABITANTS. 125 36 J. Cook, Pilot, Dockyard. —- Rev. C. Jar-don, 39 The Right Rev. Dr. Leo'Meurin, Roman Catholic Bishop of Bombay, — Rev. G. Waldmann, Secretary, do. — Rev. N. Clark», Asst. Sec., do. — Rev. C. Cooke. —— Very Rev. N. Pagani, Pro-Vicar Apostolic. J. Dilchneider, Lay Brother. 40 D. J olley, Harbour Master. -- A. Jolley, Assistant, S. Rose & Co. 42 John Collett, Sub-editor and Mana- ger, /‘(lmbllj/ Gazette. A. W. Forde, Civil Engineer. Middle Colaba. 16 W. S. Hatch, Col., Supt. Carriage Factory. J. Hill, Acting Supt, Sassoon Dock. J. Smith, Engineer. 19 J. F. Hutchison, Assessor, Muni- cipality. 20 E. C. Cannon, Secy., Govt. Savings Bank. -- J. M. Cannon, PortTrust Oifice. —— Geo. Gardiner, Post Office. — W. Davies, Pensioner. 23 J. Smith, Master Pilot. 24 E.CSpinner, Partner, E. Spinner & Gun- 0. 30 D. S. Kemp. — D. J. Mackey, Revd. 82 D. Macgregor, Medical Practi- tioner. W. H. Shead, Trafiic Manager, Sassoon Dock. 36 W. Thacker, Manager, Jules Sieg- fried and Co. 37 O. A. chts, Broker. 38 F. Cooper, Engr., Gun-Carriage. 45 P. Murray, Capt., S.C., Colaba Depot. —- W. Burn, Accountant General’s Office. 145 F. C. Lafond, Partner, Lafond Brothers. — T. E. Lafond, Partner, Lafond Brothers. 143 C. Willinott,_Sub-Editor, Times of India. 146 E. M. Walton, Surgeon Dentist. 14.8 Geo. Ingle, Secy. to the Supt. of Marine. — W. Wells, Secretariate. H9 J. R. Duxbury, Traflic Manager B. B. & C. I. R. ’ 150 C. Christian, Capt“ Assist. Marine Storekeeper. 151 R. J. Shannan, Customs Preven— tive Olficer. — W. Thorley, Customs Preventive Officer. J. H. Haushere, Asst., Nicol & Co. 153 W. Maidment, Asst. Secy. to Govt. W. R. Maidment, Assist. in the Mi- litary Dept, Secretariate. 154 C. F. H. Johnston, Rev., Chaplain, Colaba Dist. Military Square, Fort. 2 W. A. Hurst, Broker. 12 \V.A. Vitters, Accountant,P.W.D. — A. Spilling, Asst., J. Neuberg. C. J. R. Williamson, Custom Pre- ventive Service. 11 J. Doughty, Board and Residence Keeper. —- William Ogg, Outfitter. — Henry Garrick, Plumber. — Charles Humphry, Stevedore. —- Charles White, H. M. S- Daphne. ——- Keane, Clerk, Commissariat. — F. H. Smith, Nicol and Co. Richardson, Photographer. Robert Faubairn, Civil Engineer. ' Military Store Lane, Fort. R. H. Webb, Clerk, Accountant General’s Olfice. G. Burn, (10. (10. R. M. Cleary, Clerk, Eastern Tele- graph Company. Mount Nepean Road, Malabar Hill, 164 J. A. Bryce, Manager, Wallace and Co. —- H. A. Richardson, Assist., Wallace and Co. — W. Latham, Broker. — E. Comber, Manager, Lyon and Co. 175 R. E. Bickerdike, Manager, Knoop and Co. 176 Solomon David Sassoon, Partner, 1). Sassoon and (‘0. F. D. B usioimac, French Co. sul. 178 James Mignon, Govt. Pensioner. 126 nncnnan’s GUIDE TO BOMBAY. Mount Pleasant Road, Malabar Hill. 115 Roger B. Sedgwick, Killick, Nixon 8t Co. -— L. B. W. Forrest, Partner, Killick, Nixon 8t Co. 124 A. N. Hojel, Surgeon-Major. — M. H. Starling, Barlister-at-Law. - J. K. Bythell, Partner, Gaddum and Co. (Eur pe.) Partner, 117 D. MacFadyen, Assistant, W. Nicol and Co. 126 D. Finlayson, Agent, Mercantile Bank. C. J. Groom, Partner, G. Groom and ( o. 129 J. Brandenburg, Partner, Bell, Brandenburg and Co. — O. H. Ruelberg, Manager, Knoop and Co. (Europe) E. W. Ravenscroft, Hon., C.S.I. 168 Massotti, Assistant, Knoop and 0. Dr. Morton. 169 J. Jefferson Solicitor. 170 G. A. Kittredge, Partner, Stearns, Hobart and Co. -— Walter Lang, Partner, Finlay, Scott and Co. —- L. L. Hall, Assist, W. Nicol & Co. -— J. Y. Lang, Partner, Stearns H0- bart and Co. (Europe) 171 A. Craigie, Solicitor. —— F. A. Owen, Solicitor. (Europa) Mount Road, Mazagon. F. D. Parker, Assist. P. & 0.0fiice. J. Dickson, Manager, E. Bates and Co. 1 J DeQuadros, Bookkeeper, Ralli ros. 4 C. Poole, Manager, Peel, Cassels and Co. — F. G. Dumayne, Storekeeper, Port Trust. 6 J. F._ Spencer, Clerk, Small Cause Court. 145 J. G. Mitchell, Customs Preventive Officer. Narrayen Daboolker Road, Malabar H111. 139 P. Fachiri, Partner, Ralli Brothers. 139 J. Fachiri, Assist, Ralli Brothers. — D. Mavrojeni, do. do. -— A. M. Liffo, do. do. 141 George Taylor, Barrister-at-Law. 144 Tyrrell Leith, Barrister-at—Law. 147 J. L. Symons, Manager, Finlay, Muir and Co. -— A. Arthur, Assistant, Finlay, Muir and Co. —- C. L. Weber, Assistant, Finlay, Muir and Co. 148 C. F. Farran, Barrister-at-Law. 149 Le Breton, Ca tain, Examiner of Guaranteed ailway Accounts. 150 George S . Lynch , Solicitor(Europe.) — C. Lynch, Solicitor. -— P. Tobin, Solicitor. - F. Y. Smith, Solicitor. 155 G. A. Maconachie, M.D. Surgeon. Nepean Sea Road, Malabar Hill 47 W. G. Hunter, Surg.-Hajor, Dy. Inspr. Genl. of Hospitals. 50 M. C. Perreau, Major, S. C., Ofi'g. Presidency Pa Master. — S. S. Russel, ssist., Groom and Co. - H. D. Pender, Assist, W. Nicol and Co. 56 S. Babington, Captain, S.C., Supt, G. I. P. R. Police. . 58 O. Fiedler, Manager, Gaddum and Co. — C. T. Meili, Manager, Volkart Brothers. 161 W. G. Hall, Partner,W. Nicol & Co. — Hamilton Maxwell, Partner, W. Nicol and Co. 166 H. Cook, Dr., Principal, Grant Me- dical College. Grind“ ay, Nesbit Lane, Byculla. 14 W. Spencer, Storekeeper, Army Clothing Dept. J. Donikey, Examiner, Army Clo- thing Department. 18 T. M. Major, Assist. Comr. of Cus- toms. 20 E. J. Smith, Assist, W. Nicol & Co. 46 J. W. Howell, Court-keeper, Small Cause Court. 55 W. Kay, Surgeon, G. I. P. R. 58 Sidney Smith, Surgeon to the Coroner, 8w. 130 MACLEAN’S comm To some“. Warden Road, Cumballa 43 82 87 Hill. J. A. M. Macdonald, Col., Secy. to Govt, Military Dept. H. Cleveland, Solicitor. H.J, Blanc, Surgeon-Major, Senior Surgeon Sir J. J. Hospital. J. Adam, P. W. Department. J. M. Campbell, Secretariate. A. T. Mackenzie, Assist, Graham and Co. J. H. Crawley Boevey, Solicitor. F. Y. Smith, Solicitor. R. S. Campbell, Assistant, Graham and 00. S. Jackson, Loco. Supt, G. I. P. R. H. I. P. Thomson, Secretary to Agent G. I. P. Railway. G. A. Barnett, Auditor, G. I. P. R. M. Melvill, Hon., Judge, High Court. Sir Chas. Sargent, Hon’ble, Judge High Court. 0. Gonne, Secy. to Govt, P01. Dvevpt. W. ordsworth, Principal, Elphin- stone College. H. Curwen, Assist. Editor, Times 0 India. J. arriott, Hon’ble, Acting Advo- cate General. J. Macpherson,Clerk of the Crown. J. Macfarlane, Solicitor. C. B. Braham, Acting Ex. Engi- neer, Bombay Municipality. 87 G. F. Mushett, C.E. 91 A.F. Turner, Solicitor. — J. Ryan, Senior Traflic Manager, Port Trust. — J. Ryan, Junior, Broker. - P. wan, Asst. Secy. to Govt. T. . Pearson, Assist. to Chief Engineer, G. I. P. R. 96 R. V. Hearn, Government Solicitor. E. Miller, Partner, Macdonald and Co. H. Conder, Traffic Manager, G. I. P. Railway. Wilderness Mount Road. 104! F. Mathew, C.E., Chief Engr., B. B. & C. I. Railway. 107 M. Mowat, Partner, Ritchie, Steuart and Co. 108 A. Renaud, Manager, French Bank. 135 Frank Chalk, Solicitor. — Wilderness Road, Malabar Hill. 94 T. C. Glover, Engineer. Rienzi Walton, Municipal Ex. Engineer. S. L. Blanchard, Barrister-at-Law. 98 J. M. Maclean, Proprietor and. Editor, Bombay Gazette. 131 flimflmnui warmers and Emilie. ACTUARY AND RECOVER-ER OF INSURANCE CLAIMS. Slater, D. McLauchlan, F. I. A., Faculty Great Britain and Ireland ; 9, Elphin- stone Circle. AGENTS. Campbell, Mitchell and Co., forLloyd's, Grant Bros, Liverpool; Hummum Street. Curranee (N. V.) and Co., for Ocean Ex- ress, London ; Anglo-American and anadian Express, London and Li- verpool ; Foreign Parcel Express Co., London ; The American and Foreign Parcel Express, London and Liverpool ; The Atlas Parcel Ex- ress, Liverpool and Glasgow ; The oreign Parcel Express, London and Liverpool; The American European and General Foreign Ex ress, Liver- 001; Richardson and 0., London; obson and Sons, London nnd Wool- wich ; and J. and W. Tolley, Gun- makers, Bermingham; Elphinstone Circle. Davies, W. E., for Tudor Company and Government Ice Houses, Apollo Street. Dixon, Capt. J., for the Bureau Veritas, American Lloyd’s, Apollo Street. Forbes and Co., for James Aitken and Co., Bombay Green. Framiee, Sands and Co., for the Ceylon Government, N esbit Lane, Fort. Grindlay, Groom and 00., East India and Regimental Agents, Elphinswne Circle. Jenni, Joseph, for Austro-Hungarian Lloyd’s, Elphinstone Circle. Q King, King and Co., for Henry S. King and Co., London, East India Army and Civil Service Agents, and Bankers, Church Lane. Lyon and Co., forBass and Co. ; Apollo Street. Mitchell, C. E. and Co., for the Oriental and American Telegram Co., Ld., Hummum Street. Rogers and Co., for Harper, Boulion and Co., London, Wine Merchants; Hayward, Tyler and Co., Sodawater Machine Makers, London; and Ca1- vert and Co., Manchester, Carboliu Acid and Disinfecting Powder Manu- facturers ; P. Harrower, Glasgow, Wine Merchants, R. P. Atkins and Co., and Bolton Son and Co., For- warding Agents; Forbes Street. Treacher and Co., for M. B. Foster and Sons, London, Bottlers of Beer, Stout, and Cider ; Perrier, Jonet and Co., Wine Merchants; McDougall Bros, Carbolic Acid and Disinfecting 1Powder Manufacturers ; Rampart 011V. Watson (William) and Co., Army and Civil Agents, Apollo Street. Wheatley, Madden and Co., Shipping Agents, Elphjnstone Circle. ARCHITECTS, BUILDERS, AND CIVIL ENGINEERS. Drury, C. Chinchpoogly. Glover and Co., Nesbit Lane. Byculls. Gostling, C. E., Meadow Street. Harper, W., Colaba Johnstone, W. 13., Grant Road. K. J annrdhun, Apollo Street. Molecey, G. T., Chinclipoogl Hill. Morris, James, C. E., Dean ane. Nusserwanjee Chandabhoy, Elphin- stone Circle. Scott, MoClclland and Co., Elphinstone Circle. ATTORNEYS, SOLICITORS, AND PROCTORS. Ardeseer Framjce, Apollo Street. Balcrishna Vassoodco Narayen Kriti- kar, Meadow Street. Bhngwandas Mnumohundas, Meadow Street. Bicknell, Howard, Hummnm Street Chalk and Turner, Church Gate Street" Craigie, Lynch, and Owen, Apollr. Street. Crawford and Boevey, Rampart Row. Fletcher and Smith, ltainpart Row. Hearn and Cleveland, Rampart Row. I 134 HACLEAN’S GUIDE TO BOMBAY. Cowasjee and Nuseerwanjee Military lMcOulloch, Beyte and Co., Church Square. Cursetjee and Eduljee, Rampart Row. Cursetjee Muncherjee’s Sons, Apollo Street. Dadath Hormusjeo, Born-h Bazaar. Eduljee okerjee Cessinath, Oak Lane. Ednljee Buetomjee, Oak Laue. Framjee Nusservvanjee andCo., Marine Street. Hormuejee Jamsetiee, Bomb Bazaar. Jameetjee Jehanghirjee, English Hotel ne. Merwanjee Nimscrwanjee, Nesbit Lane. Nanabhoy and Sorabiee, Neehit Inna. Pallonjee Framjee. Tamarind Lane, Pestonjee Hormusjee and Sons, Apollo Street. Rufitéonjee Bomaujee and Co., Rampart W. Borabjee and Peetonjee, Rampart Row. ENGRAVEBS 0N WOOD. Sir J. Jejeebhoy School of Art, Espla- nade Jejeebhoy Nueserwanjee B‘haregat, . Trinity Church Lane, Dhobi Talao. EXCHANGE BROKERS. Benn and Baker, Rampart Row. Best and Morrison, Rampart Row. Bromley, Thomas, Elphinstone Circle. Brown, Forrest L.. Elphinstone Circle. Cummulsey Premjee, Oak lame. Douglas, James. Bay, Andrew, Rampart Row. Hurst, W. A., Church Street. John, Ha , Church Lane. Letham, ., Rampart Row. Marvel, F. G. Merwanjee and Byramjce. Nuaserwanjee and Framjee. Apollo Street. Rich, J., 17. Church Gate Street. Robinson, G. P., Elphinstone Circle. Scott, J. W., Elphinstone Circle. Sedgwick, F. W , Elphinstone Circle. Thomson and Westall, Elphinstone Circle. Westlake, John. Rampart Bow. FREIGHT BROKERS. Enderjee Gulabchimd, Bombay Green. Hergoven J eewan Jeevan Ramjee, Bombay Green. Lukmidae Veeljee. Maokintosh (Jae) and Co., Elphinstone Circle. Gate Street. Mooljee Anundjee, Bazaar Gate Street. Naranjee Golabchund. Bombav Green. Natboo Soonderjee. Bombs}v reen. Pittamber Laljee, Bombay Green. Ruttunsee Moolieev Scott, J. W., Elphinstone Circle. Bobagclmnd Galalchnml. FURNITURE DEALERS. Coobare Dulclia and Co., Kalbadavie Road. Deschamps and Co , Parsee Bazaar Street, Fort. Jafi‘er Sulliman, Huron-mm Street and Girgaum. Jameetgee Nowrojee, Kalbmlavie Road. J an Mehomed, Kalbadavie Road. Ludha Ehram and Co , Bellasis Road. Nathoo Ebrarn, Kalbadavie Boad Nooramohomed Sullimon, Byculla. Ooeman Allarnckia and Co., Meadow Street; and Clare Road, Byculla. Peel-00 Veerjee, Chuckla Street. Rahimtoola Bulliman, Byeulla. Somee Par-pie, Byculla. Watson and 00., Church Gate Street. GUN ~SMITHS. Edwards, '1'.. Meadow Street. Laing, A., Meadow Street. HAIR-DRESSERS. Paul Mowis, Proprietor, “ TheBm-ling- ton.” Church Gate Street. _ _ J . Farbstein. Warsaw Hair-Cutting Saloon, Elphinstone Circle. LANDING AND SHIPPING COMPANIES. Curranee (N. V.) and Co., Elphinstone Circle. Purvh’s évgenc'y, Elphinstone Circle. Watson ( v) and 00., Apollo Street. Wheatley, Madden and Co., Elphin- stone Circle. _ HORSE-DEALERS. Alli Abdoola, Bellaeis Road, Byculla. Bombs. and Mofueeil Horse Supplying Co., endow Street. _ Nowrojee Bezonjee Fakeenee, 45, Girgaum Road. _ Suntookjee Sorabjee Suntookpe and Co., New Bonapore Lane. HOTEIS. Adelphi Hotel, Clare Road, Byculla. 136 uAanAN’s GUIDE re some“. Scottish and Commercial Fire and Life Insurance Company, Pal-see Bazaar Street. South Australian Insurance Company, Adelaide, Rampart Row. Sun Fire Office, Elphinstone Circle. Swiss Lloyd Transport Marine Insur- ance Company, Rampart Row. Transatlantische Fire Insurance Com- pany, Rampart Row. Trident Marine Insurance Company, Limited, Forbes Street. Universal Life Assurance Society, Bombay Green. Union Insurance Society of Canton, Bombay Green- Union Marine Insurance Company, Limited, London and Liverpool, Elphinstone Circle. Vifitoria Insurance Company, Church ane. IRON-MONG ERS, FOUNDERS, ETC. Eduljee Shapoorjee, Napier Foundry, Foras Road, Byculla. Fraser and Miller, Carnac Bunder. Nicol (W.) and Co.’s Iron Foundry, Byculla Richardson and Co., Nesbit Lane, Byculla. Scott (James) & Co., Chinchpoogly. SorabJee Sha oorjee and Co., Bombay Foundry, etwady. J'EWELLERS. Cursetjee Cowasjee, Meadow Street. Favre. Leuba and Co., Rampart Row. Hamilton and Co., Rampart Row Marcks (0.) and Co , Hummum Street. Treacher and Co., Rampart Row, and Byculla. Watson and Co., Church Gate Street. LIVERY STABLE-KEEPEES. Burrows, J. J ., Military Square. Dadabhoy Bomanjee, 892, Girgaum, Breach Candy Road. DeSouza, J. F. D., 30, Middle Colaba. Jamsetjee Camajee, Kalbadavie Road. Lafond Brothers, 142, Middle Colaba. Nusserwanjee Heerjee, 202, Girgaum, Breach Cand Road. Pestonjee Ed 'ee Shrofi, Kalbadavie Road. Rustomjee Nowrojee, Kalbadavie Road. Buttonjee Cowasjee, 301, Girgaum, Breach Candy Road. Ruttonjee Rustomjee, Kalbadavie Road. MARINE SUB-V EYORS . Blackmore, F., El hinswne Circle. Dixon, J ., Apollo treet. MESS AGENTS. Bolton and Co., Elphinstcne Circle ; and Bellasis Road, Byculla. Burjorjee Rustomjee Bottlewalla, 49, Borah Bazaar. Cutler, Palmer and Co., Dean Lane. Eduljee Cursetjee Boyce, Nesbit Lane. EdulJee Nusserwanjee Colabawalla, Apollo Street. Eduljee Pallonjee Bottlewalla, Bazaar Street. Framjee Nowrojee, Forbes Street. Jamsetjee Framjee, Borah Bazaar. J eevunjee Eduljee’s Sons, Forbes Street. Jewajee Ruttonjee’s Sons, Apollo Street. Mehrjee, Johnston and Co., Apollo Street. Muncherjee Eduljee, Meadow Street. Pallonjee Heerjeebhoy‘s Sons, 30, Meadow Street. Treacher and Co., Rampart Row and Byculla. - MILLINERS AND DRESS-MAKERS. Aux Villes de France, Hummum Street. Burjorjee Nusserwaniee, Meadow St. D. Cursetjee, Meadow Street. De Baldie, Madame, Bellasis Road. Dorabjee Cooverjee Majoo, Meadow Street. Essubjee Adumjee, Meadow Street. Hunt, Mrs, Church Gate Street and := Hornhy Row Street. Lake, Mrs, Church Gate Street, Fort. Mahomed Abdool Latifl‘. Meadow St. Medley, Mrs, Meadow Street. Meeajee Ahmedbhoy's Sons, Meadow Street. Narronjee Dhurrumsey and Co., Hum- mum Street. Waghiee Ragowjee, Ash Lane. MUSICAL INSTRUMENT DEALERS. Neuberg. J ., Meadow Street. Nowrozjee Bomanjee and Co., 7, Meadow Street. Pallonjee Shapoorjee, Meadow Street. Rose 1S.) and Co. Meadow Street. Soundy and Co.. Hummum Street. OPTICIANS. Favre, Leuba and Co., Hornby Row. Mai-eke (0.) and Co., Hummum Street. MISCELLANEOUS PROFESSIONS AND TRADES. 137 Thacker, Vining and Co.,Rampart Row. Treacher and Co., Rampart Row, and Byculla. PHOTOGRAPHERS. Bourne and Shepherd, of Calcutta and Simla, Rampart Row. Hormusjee Byramjee Dhana Patell, Kalbadavie Road. ' Hurrichund Chintamon, Meadow Street. Jamsetjee Bomonjee Patell, 92, Kalba- davie Road. Parvesjee Dadabhoy, 12, Kalbadavie Road. Photographie Parisienne, Rampart Row and Meadow Street. Purshotum Fakeerjee, Kalbadavie Road. Shapoorjee Hormusjee Pavry, 45, Kal- badavie Road. Vuccino (P.) 8:00., Meadow Street. PLUMBERS. Brown (Robert) and 00., Marine Street. Kerns and Kennedy, Apollo Street. PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS. Lidbetter, T., Meadow Street. Swift and Farrow, Hummum Street. PORTRAIT PAINTERS. Frank, Louis, painter, carver, and decorator, Hurnmum Street. Mahomed Hossein Mirza Aka, oil and gate; colour painter, 34, Kalbadavie 0a . Mahomed Khan and Sons, ivory por- trait painter of Delhi, Bhendy Bazaar Road. Mirza Baker, water colour painter, Kalbadavie Road. Thow Ving, Chinaman, oil and water colour painter, 15, Kalbadavie Road. PRINTERS. Advertiser Printing Press, Elphinstone Circle. Asiatic Press, Kalbadavie. Bombay Gazette Steam Press, Meadow Street. Bombay Merchants Press, Parsee Bazaar. Bombay Summachar Lane. Claridge (G.) and Co., Meadow Street. Commercial Press, Bazaar Gate Street. Press, Church Dutter Ashkara Press,Old Market Lane- Eagle Press, Dean Lane. Education Society’s Press, Byculla. English it Guzerati Job Printing Press, Bazaar Gate Street. Examiner Press, Meadow Street. Gunput Kristnajee’s Press, Dongree Cooli Street. Imperial Press, Kalbadavie. I ndu Prakash Press, Girgaum. Industrial Lithographic Press, Dady Sett Agiary Lane. _ Industrial Press, Elphinstone Circle. J am-a-J' amshed Press, Mody Street. Mercantile Press, Homby Row. Minerva Press, Khetwady. National Press, Kalbadavie. Oriental Press, Armenian Lane. Parsee Printing Press, Kalbadavie. Printers’ Press, Elphinstone Circle. Reporters’ Press, Borah Bazaar. Secunder Press, Kalbadavie Road. Times of India Press, Church Street. Union Press, Dhobie Talao. _ Western India Lithographic, Drawmg and Printing Press, Marine Street. REGIMENTAL AGENTS. Grindlay, Groom and Co., Elphinstone Circle. King, King and Co., Church Lane. Watson (Wm.) and Co., Apollo Street. SADDLERS. Grant (P.) and Son, Rampart Row. Rowland and Co.. Meadow Street. Rowland, F., Bellasis Road, Byculla. Morton (M.) and Co., Meadow Street. Nicoll {Gem} and l 0., Meadow Street. SHIP CHANDLERS AND IRON- MONGERS. Ebrahim Abdool Currim, Apollo Street. Heptoola Shaik Adam and Co., Apollo Street _ Hussonbhoy Thavur 8: Co., Marine Street. Merwanjee Muncherjee Mody and Co., Apollo Street. Rustomjee Sorabjee and Co., Apollo Street. Sallebhoy Tyabjee and Co., Apollo Street. Shapoorjee Sorabjee, Bombay Green. SHIP INSURANCE BROKERS. Lupi, R., Hummum Street. MISCELLANEOUS PROFESSIONS AND TRADES. 139 Jacob and Co , Meadow Street. John Mahomerl. Meadow Street. J oonas Tyeb, Hummum Street. Lucka, Y. A., Hummum Street. Mahomed Ally Abdool Latifi‘, Meadow Street. Moosa. Eseaw and (10., Apollo Street. Nansey Khyraz, Meadow Street. N oor Mahomed Ally, Forbes Street. Thorpe and C0., Meadow Street. Watson and Co . Church Street. TEA DEPOTS. Morton and 00., Kangra Valley Tea Agencv, Church Street. Tligw ing, Chinaman, Kalbadevie oad. Treacher and 00., Rampart Row. TOBACCO AND CHEROOT DEPOTS. Damate, Michael, Kalbadavie Road. Marcopolo, D., Kalbadavie Road. Neuberg, J., Meadow Street. Nowrojee Cowasjee, Church Street. Williams, Peter, Kalbadavie Road. UNDERTAKERS. Annunciation, W. F., Kalbadavie Road. Bailey, Ephraim, Upper Colaba. Borges, J., Kalbzulavie Road. Brown, J T. T., 3, Bellasis Road, Byculla. Hamilton and Co . Byculla and Lower Colaba. VAKILS OF THE HIGH COURT. Annex-am Jagamiath Kirtikar, Kal- badav-ie Road. Bahironath Mungesh, Candawady. Chundoolal Muthooradas Dowlutjada, Bhooleshwar. Fakeerapa Lingapa. Hebul, Cowasjee Patell’s Tank Road. Ghandasam Nilkunt Nadkurni Sha- kurhu, Kalbadavie Road. Gunesh Hari Putvardun, Girgaum Road. Harisenker Balkrishna, Funeshwady e. J ehangir Meherwalriee, Parsee Bazaar Street. Maneckjee Nusserwanjee Nanavati. Maneckshah J ehzm irshah Taleyar- khan, Kalbadavie 02d. Morojee Kassinath, Kalbadavie Road. Nagindas Toolseedas Merphatia, Bhooleshwar Road. Nuaserwaujee Nowrojee, Bazaar Gate Street. Pandurang Balibhadra, Kalbedavie Road. Pestonjee Kavasjee, Apollo Street. Shavakshn- Surabjee Davur. Sorabjee Bezonjee, Kalbadavie Road. Sudashiv Vishwanath Dhoorundhur, Hunuman Cross Lane. Venaik Hurrichandjee, New Hunuman Lane. Vishnu Ghanasham, Girgeum Road. Wasoodew Chrishna Malia-lay. VETERINARY SURGEON S. Ghosla. Mitha and 90., Girgaum Rea 11. Scott, B., Girgaum Road. Stephens and Sons. Girgaum Road. WATCH-MAKERS. Bomoujee Nueserwanjee, Forbes Street Byramjee Hormusjee, Meadow Street. Cursetjee Cowasjee, Meadow Street. l’orabjee Edulqee. Church Street. Eduljee Shapoorjee. Church Street. Favre Leuba and (70., Rampart Row. Fiamjee Shapoorjee, Meadow Street. Hormusjee Byramjee, Meadow Street. J amsetjee Muncherjee, Meadow Street. Manoekjee Nowrojee. Church Street. Marcks (0.; and Co. Hummum Street. Merwnnjee Cursetjee, Borah Bazaar Street. Nowrojee Cowasjee, Bazaar Gate Street. P. Ruttonjee, Forbes Street. Pestonjee Framjee, Forbes Street. WINE AND PROVISION MERflHANTS. Ardeseer J amsetjee, Forbes Street. (Towasjee Sorabjee and Co., Forbes Street. Cursetjee J ewajee Mhow,Meadow Street. Dhunjeebhoy Rustomjee and 00., Meadow Street. Framjee Nowrojee, Forbes Street. Hy -rmusjee Maneckjee, H u m m u m Street. Hudson and (70., Hummum Street. J ewa; ee Ruttonjee’s Sons, Apollo Street. Jewam'ee B. M ehta, Meadow Street. Nusserwanjee Aspandiarjee, Apollo Street. Postonjee J ewajee, Military Square. 140 “gut n[ Tiliubliq $15M and institution. AccountantrGeneral, New Secretariate, - Esplanade. Adjutant-General of the Army, Poona. Administrator-General, Town Hall. Advocate-General, Apollo Street. Agent for Gun Carriages. Lower i i‘olaba. Agent for Gunpowder, Kirkee. Agent for Transports, Dockyard. Ambrolic Mission Church. Girgaum Back Road. Alfred Theatre, Grant Road. American Mission, Byculla. . Asiatic Society (Bombay Branch), Town ' all. Asggylllfusteroi‘ the Mint. next to Town l Assist. Qur rtermuster-General of the , Anny, Town Hall. f Barrack Master, Commissariat Store , Lane. Bible Society’s Depository, Esplanade. Bombay Association,Elphinstone Circle. Bombay Boating Club, Elphinstone Circle. Bombay Club. Rampart Row. Bombay Gymkhana. Club, Esplanade. Bombay Diocesan Board of Education, Love Lane Bycullu. Bombay Saw Mills (W. Nicol and 00.), Tank Bunder. Mazsgon. Bombay Scottish Education Society, Nesbit Lane. Fort. Bombay United Spinning and Weaving Company, Gir um. Bombay Water- orks, Rampart Row. Brigadier General Commanding Bom- bay District, Town Hall. B yculla Club. Bellssis Road, Byculla. Chamber of Commerce, Graham’s Buildings. Church Missionary Society. Girgaum, Civil Paymaster, Rampart Row. Clerk of the Crown, High Court, (‘ourt House, Apollo Street. Clerk of the Peace. Fort Police Court. Collector of Bombay, New Secretariate, Esplanade. . Coilégcmr of Municipal Taxes, Rampart ‘ w. Commissary-General. Poona. Commissary of Ordnance, back of the Town Hall. Commissioner for taking Afiidavits, High Court, Court House. Commissioner of Customs and Opium, Custom House. Collector of Salt Revenue, New Secre- tariute Commissioner of Paper Currency, Ram- part Row. Commissioner of Police, Mazagon. Conservator of the Port, Dockyard. Consulting Engineer for Railways, P.W. Department, Frere Town, Esplanade. Controller of Military Accounts, Poona. Controller of Municipal Accounts, Ram- part Row. Controller of Public Works Accounts, Frere Town, Esplanade. Coroner, Rem art Row. County Gaol, omercarry. Court of Petty Sessions, Fort Police Oifice. Court of Small Causes, Piquet Road, Esplanade. Cowasjee Jehangeer Ophthalmic, J. J. HospitalLByculla. Custom House, Marine Street. David Sassoon Industrial and Refor- matory Institution, Chunam Kiln Road, near Grant Road. Deputy Surgeon-General of Hospitals (British Forces),PresiHouse (Tudor‘s), Apollo Street. ber Hill. Indo-British Institution, Sonapore. Presidency Surgeon, 2nd District, Insolventllebtors’ Court, High Court, Esplanade. Apollo Street. } Presidency Surgeon, 3rd District, Inspector General of Ordnance and Mazagon. Magazines. Poona. Prothonotary, High Court, Court Jamsetjee J ejeebhoy Parsee Benevolent House, Apollo Street. Institution. 'Public Works Department,Frere Town, J amsetjee J eieebboy Hospital, Byculla. Esplanade. J amsetjee J ejeebhoy School of Arts Quartermaster-General, Poona. and Industry, Esplanade. Railway Department, Public Works Judge Advocate General’s Office, Poona. Building, Frere Town, Esplanade. 142 MACLEAN’S GUIDE TO BOMBAY. Railway (B. B. and C. I.)— Electric Telegraph Department, Church Gate Station. Locomotive Superintendent, Parell. Managing Agent. Church Gate St. Traflic Manager. Church Gate St. Storekeeper, Parell and Colaba. Railway (G. I. l'-)-- Chief Resident Engineer, Elphin- stone Circle. Electric Telegraph Department, Boree Bunder. Locomotive Supt, Byculla. Managing Agent. Elphin. Circle. Storekeeper Byculla. Traflic Manager, Boree Bunder. Registrar of Assets and Estates, Mili- tary Department Secretariate. Port Trust Oifices. Elphinstone Circle. Registrar of the Diocese, Rampart Row. Registrar-General, Elphinstone Circle. Registrar H. M.’s High Court ofJudi- cature Appellate Side, Mazagon. Registrar and Receiver of Droits of Admiralty, High Court. Registrar of Shipping Dockyard. Report Office for the Arrival and De- )aarltlm'e of Military Officers, Town Ditto. Ditto. for Civil, New Secre- tariate. Renter’s Telegram C0,, ( ircle. Robert Money Institution. Esplanade. Romanl atholic Orphanage Mazagon Do Seminary Byculla. Royal Asiatic Society. Town Hall. Safisoon Mechanics’ Institute, Rampart ow.. New Sailors’ Homc,Apollo Bunder Road. Sanitary Commissioner of Bombay 1 re- sidency (Dr. Hewlett), New Secreta- riate. Scottish Orphanage, Mahim. Seamen’s riend Association, Lower Colaba. Secretariate, Frere Town, Esplanade. Shepherd’s Aims-houses for \Vidows, Byculla. Sheriff, (‘ourt House, Apollo Street. Shipping Master, Town Barracks. Sir J amsetjee J ej eebhoy Obstetric Institution, Byc . Elphinstone l 1 l l Sir J amsetjee J ejeebhoy Parsee Bene- volent Institution, Hornby Row. Society for Promoting Christian Know- ledge, Meadow Street. Society for the Propagation of the Gospel, Esplanade. Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, Marine Street. Society of St. Vincent de Paul, Kal- badavie. Stamp Office, New Secretariate, Espla- nade. St. Mary’s Institute, Nesbit Lane, Byculla. Strangers’ Home. Mazagon. Students’ Literary and Scientific Society (Elphinstone Institution), Esplanade i ross Road St. John‘s Home, Marine Lines. St. Vincent’s Home, Kalbadavie. St Xavier’s ( ollege, Esplanade Superintendent of Army Clothing, Nesbit Lane, Byculla. Superintendent of Bombay Marine, Dockyard, Fort Superintendent Government Tele- graphs, Frere Town, Esplanade. Superintendent Preventive Service, Custom House. Superintendent of Stationery, Secretariate, Esplanade. Superintendent of Vaccination, Byculla and Girgaum Road. Surgeon-General, Indian Medical Department, Town Hall. Surgeon-General. British Medical Service, Town Hall. Surveyor to the Municipality, Rampart Row. Surveyor to the Port, Dockyard. Taxing Ofilcer, High Court. House. Theatre Royal Grant Road. Town Hall, Elphinstone Circle. Tract and Book Society‘s Depository, Esplanade. Transport Officer, Dockyard. University Registrar, Town Hall. Victoria Theatre, Grant Road. Vice-Admiralty Court, High Court. Victoria Museum and Gardens, l‘arell Road. Veegas Slip Works, Mazagon. New (‘ourt l I l rnm'rnn AT THE “noxmr GAZETTE” s'rmu rsrss, unmow srnnnr. ADVERTISEMENTS. 7 ALTERATION OF LABELS, “ PALMAM QUl MERUIT FERAT.” The HEART SHAPED LABEL, which we origi- nally introduced, and by which our Cognac became so universally known throughout India, was once exclu- sively used by us as our own ; it long ceased to satisfy us since it became common pr0perty. We WITHDRAW it, and beg to intimate that our QUALITIES are now DESIGNATED BY “ STAR S,” as adopted by the principal Cognac Houses. Our arrangements at Charente and Cognac enable us to offer Brandies equal in quality to Exshaw’s and Hen- nessy’s on exceptionally favourable terms to Masses, Traders, and consumers generally. We challenge com- petition. For example, we now quote our “ IN BOND” rates as follows :— Per dozen. - P 0 Blue Capsule... ...Rs. 17 ' ' In Flasks .. ... ,, 9-8 In i- Flasks .- -. ,, 6 RC. White Capsule ,, 19 i" { In Flasks ,, 10-8 S.O.P. Yellow Capsule ,, 23 5"" In Flasks .. ... ,, 12-8 V.S.O.P. I Black Capsule ,, 27 **** I In Flasks ,, 141-8 ' An order for 3 Cases, accompanied by Cash, carries v10 per cent. Discount, while Single Dozens are subject to 5 per cent. only for Cash 011' Bond Prices. 8 ADVERTISEMENTS. L088 0F EXGHANGEllTIFIGATION. The complications to merchants and others trading in India, arising from constant and violent fluctuations in the rate of ewchange between that Empire and England, have caused us no little unwiety. We have not been at all willing to increase prices, but have been compelled hitherto to add to oun- inooices some of the loss that the ewcessive low rate of exchange caused. In prospect of a more settled state of afluirs, and in deference to the enpresseol wishes of many of our large buyers, we have now included in our prices a proportion of the loss we are experiencing, so that we now add to our In Bond quotations only the cash charges imposed by Government for Duty and Dues. We are aware that most of our com. petitors include the expenditure for such items IN their quotations, but it must be evident to the most ordinary mind that this course neces. sitates the addition of profit to the same to allow for credit and discounts of the selling rate. We prefer that our buyers should know the cost of Duties, so that in the present unsettled condition of the indium Government’s financial ufiairs, any further change made my be clear, and that it may be apparent that we wish for neither profit- nor loss on such disbursements. As the oldest house in India. in owr trade, as shippers in the' old country since 1815, we profess to under. stand our business and our markets. With thanks for past, favours, and solicitations for d continuance of your patronage and recormnendation to friends, We are, Dear Sir, Your obedient Servants, CUTLER, PALMER d" 00. LONDON, 44, MARK LANE, September, 1876. ~~\.\.\.\~. Local Agents. Mr. EDULJEE PALLONJEE & Mr. JAMSETJEE NOWROJEE, Bora Bazaar Street. Poydoni. ‘ 10 sovnnrrsnmnn'rs. its rare tom, AND THE ADELPHI FAMILY HOTEL, BYCULLA, KEPT BY PALLONJEE PESTONJEE. E PROPRIETOR of the above old established Hotels has much pleasure in stating that he has recently made extensive altera- tions to his premises, and that he is prepared to accommodate Travellers and Families, at all times. The charges are strictly moderate, and the arrangements are of the very best description. The Hotels are near the Bycnlla. Railway Station, and within five minutes’ drive of the Grant Road Terminus of the B. B. & C. I. Rail- way. The Family Hotel is reserved, exclusively, for Families and Residents. - Carriages reach the Hotels from Apollo Bunder in 20 minutes. ESTABLISHED 1837. YMT'QRM H'M‘Eh, NO. I, ESPLANADE, BY PALLONJEE PESTON JEE [Situate 200 yards North of Her Majesty’s Statue and. three minutes' drive of the G. I. P. Railway Terminus and the Church Gate Station 0fthe B. B. and C'. 1. Railway] THE Building is fine, commodions, and airy, elegantly furnished, fitted up with gas and Vehar water, and has excellent Bath~ rooms attached to every Bed-room. Amongst other advantages, it ls situate in a central position, being 0100 to the Fort, both Railway Stations, Public and other Offices, Apollo Pier, &c. It is, moreover, Shaded by fine trees, is open to the sea-breeze, and is one of the quietest and most salubrious localities in the Island. PALLON J EE PESTONJEE. v12 1.5,; 3; ' ADVERTISEMENTS. NORTH BRITISH AND MERCANTILE INSURANCE COMPANY. INCORPORATED BY ROYAL CHARTER AND SPECIAL ACTS OF I . ‘.. . PARLIAMENT. ' . __ ) REDUCTION IN RATES FOR LIFE ASSURANCE IN INDIA, CHINA, CEYLON,&C. Q m: 6.}, NEW TABLE of RATES for CIVILIANS, payable during the whole term of Life, for an Assurance of Rs. 1,000, payable at Death :—- . . ’ inn . Wi'rn PROFITS. _ : Wirnour Psorrrs. " ' Half- Half- Quar- é lyf Yearly. Yearly. tel-1y. 20 29 15 U (l 13 1* O 6 1C 8 25 31 16 O 0 13 15 7 '2 0 30' 33 17 6 0 15 2 0 7 12 0 35 37 19 2 U 16 10 0 8 8 4 40 41 21 3 0 lb 7 0 9 7 0 45 4.6 23 11 0 20 10 0 10k a o The Table of Military Rates has also been reduced. 7;; MEDICAL OFFICER.—SIDNEY SMITH, E8Q., M.D. t'Prospectus andrForms of Application can be'gbtained on application to . . . . '7 ‘ +2, ,5" ii _ r .1 up _ I 3" I" .1. “6' IV. N ICOL & Co., Agents in Bombay. . Bombay, 9th September, 1876. 1&4; ’7‘“? ‘1' . n.1,. INDIAN TRAVELLERS" GUIDE .1? 0 . a. I _-. t0 ., -_ . . . the one _;,.:,gf.;g;PASSENGERS by Rail or Boat arriving in Bombay will find full ,_ and. accurate information regard/Eng every ROUTE to TRAVEL ~from this City to other parts of India, and abroad, in “the “ INDIAN TRA VELLERS’ GUIDE,” published at the Bombay Gazette Press on .th; 1st ofneach month. This “ GUIDE ” is the only one published in ' Bombay, and containing alterations in the service of Trains and Steamers on this side of India, corrected wp to date. The “ GUIDE ” has an _ excellent Railway Map of India, and an Introduction giving mth ~,.-usejgtt information to Strangers staying at week or two in Bombay. . PRICE—EIGHT s-ANNAS. T GUIDE may be obtained at T; X? The “ BOMBAY GAZETT ‘ ” OFFICE, 1,, -. ' 1 -“ 'Thcdlfl'XHfSELLERS, ‘ _ The BOMBAY HOTELS, and ' , _T_he PRINCIPAL RAILWAY STATIONS. " ' '3.“ . t‘d’v; ‘ " u- . , 'r .e' i 7! ¢ ~ . ‘3'" ‘. - 7.3.“ ' " ' g“3“ v- ’ l 3 a 'Q- '- ’ "v D 4 i ~ 14 ADVERTISEMENTS. My“ 35:111 Eina nil $t2a1n2-rs. 7.- BETWEEN MAY and LIVERPOOL, AND vnm VERSA, Via. SUEZ CANAL. Names. Commanders. Tons. H.P. BRANKSOME HALL Wm- Tillson 2054 300 TRENTHAM HALL-um James Shaw 2063 300 CHILDWALL HALL T-L-Tregarthen... 205') 300 CITY OF BALTIMORE... Thos- Collins .... .. 2100 300 The above Steamers, with the exception of the CITY OF BALTIMORE, have been expressly built for the Bombay Trade, and the CITY OF BALTIMORE has also lately been fitted up with Passengers' accommodation. These Steamers have been built to steam about 12 knots, and during the short time they have been running out here they have proved that they can do this. The average time occupied on the passage out has been 25 days, and on the homeward passage 28 to 7' 30 days. A reduction of 15 per cent. will be allowed on the amount of the Return Fare to all Passengers who re-embark by any vessels of this Line within 12 months. A Surgeon and Stewardess and a full complement of Saloon and Cabin Stewards are carried by each steamer of the Line. For full particulars with regard to rates of Passage-money, Baggage, &c., &o., can be obtained on application to GRAHAM & Co., Calcutta- BENNY 86 (30-, Madras- or to W- 80 A GRAHAM & Co-. Bombay, Chief Agency in India, Head Ofliee :—ALBXANDBR & RADOLIITE, 83, Liverpool and London Chambers Exchange, LIVERPOOL- E __‘1~Ai i mvnaussnsnrs. '17 .BOURNE AND SHEPHERD, Plid’i'tltmllllfllil . llhll'lg’l'hf. N0. '10, RAMPART'ROW, BOMBAY, (Near the Esplanade Hotel). A L s o A T CALCUTTA AND SIMLA. 'S'Fiiflii} F88- PUHTB‘AITHR‘E OPEN DAILY, FROM 9 AIM. TILL 4 RM. IND'IAN SCENERY. ‘ Messrs. BOURNE .mn SHEPHERD’S Collection of Photographs of Indian Scenery is the LARGEST and BEST existing. These Photographs represent Scenes in Cashmere, N. W. Pro- ‘vinces, the principal Hill Sanitaria, the snowy ranges of the Himalayas, Neilgherries, Southern India, Ceylon, Calcutta, Bombay Presidency, Rajpootana and Burmah. R A J P O O T A N A. A. handsomely-bound ALBUM, containing 30 large Views of Arohi. tectural Remains, and beautiful Scenery in Rajpootana, with copious Letter-press Description by J. Burgess, Esq., F.R.G.S., M.R.A.S. Price per Copy—Rs. 100. ‘ > N .B.--—The above volume would be very suitable for Presentation to Friends at Home. O 0 L0 U R l N G . PORTRAITS painted in Oil or Water Colour, from the smallest Miniature up to the size of Life. “ CARTES ” of European and Anglo-Indian Celebrities, Native Chiefs, and Native Characters, Frames, Cases and Albums in great variety always in stock. lst August, 1875. 10, Rampart Row. G 3'13 '18 Anvmns-mmnms. ‘. §"I‘*i r ~<-'." NATIONAL BANK OF INDIAQLH). EQTABLISHED IN INDIA 1863" ‘ ._ Incnr‘pomtwl under the English Compimies’ Act 0f1862, 231d M11th @866; ' i i “‘AUTHORIS'ED CAPITALL‘I'WD MILLroMs 'S'TERLINO.‘ Supscribegl r1Q.))'l_tal -- ...: W. .. .. .. Pmdmp capll'ab- -- h' ReserveFund...... I ‘ 1-z EAD 02110-2 {#80, 'king William-street; London. BRANCH}: AND AGENCIES. CAL'JU'.I"1‘A.l BOMBAY. HONGKONG, SHANGHAI 80 MADRAS. 3., wbur‘g “ epo'si‘t “Agency. ("3 Almi'ii- 1555...]. D145. A'HOY “m 'cowm,'Ws, Glasgow Deposit Agency. Ankara—M25535. IMACKENZIE; GARDNER, A-ND ALEXANDER, Solicitors. X"—~'liL‘-—..flf'i “,"’"\'l ’ ' ' ' + Board. of Directoi's. M ‘ ' ‘ i " R. 0.f0A_MPBELI_., Esq.,Chail'man- - JOHN BORRADAILE, Esq. E. W. WINGROVE. EH}. J'. R. BOYSON. Esq. . ‘ _ = BEIH'A-. APCAR, Esq. W. S. FITZWILLIAM, Esq. HERBERT KNOWLES, Esq. K. P. HARRISON, Esq. ' Cn‘mn MANKGER.—B.‘O. SAWERS," V \ London Bankersl B'ANK‘OF ENGLAND, NATIONAL PROVINCIAL BANK 10F ENGLAND, AND NATIONAL BANK OF SCOTLAND. . , v “min-ha ('- - -' Agents in Scotland. _ . I BRITISH LINEN COMPANY BANK, & NATIONAL BANK OF SCOTLAND. -. Agents in Ireland. _ ‘ , PROVINCIAL BANK OF IRELAND, RULES OF BUSINESS OBSERVED ALT BOMBAY- ' “EXchange- ' ' ‘ .‘The Bank grants Drafts on London, Ualcutta, Hongkpng, Shanghai, and Madras at the current rates of Exchange. '11: also negotiates and collects Bills payable 'in those places. Instructions respecting Family Remittances are carefully ‘atten'decl to ; and, when requested, and'the‘neo'essary particulars are furnished, the Bank will forward First Copy of the Bill direct to the parties in England. _v , , _ _7 Current Deposit Accounts ' I - The Bank opens Current Deposit Accounts‘ and allows Interest at the_ mate of 2 per cent. net annum on customers’ minimum monthly balances from Rs. 1,L00 up to Rs. 1,00,000. ' i .- ' Fixed Deposits. i ill‘he‘Bank receives Money on fixed Deposit, and allows interestihereon- as O OWB :— - * 0n Deposits suhje'ut to 6 months' notice of withdrawal. . . .4 per cent. 1 . n 2 , ,_ . . . . 5 All Remiktances should be mafié payable to the Manager, Natimyl'ifl Bank Of India (Limited), who will be glad to ufioxd any further ‘infmmatinn respecting the Bank‘s liel'ms audib'uslness.‘ ' By Order of. they Directors, National Bank ofIndia, Bombay; Jan. 1876. WM. A. BAKER, Manager. ADVERTISEMENTS; 19 _ .Qi'JI’IY‘i); .83 HOHAHUEEA flit ‘r.@llliBJ NAQVIMIWB '1'1091“ : I I jyflfi‘ BOMBAY ST'ATIO‘NQ MAIL CONTRAQT’L'INESLV domoaii’y‘e‘ ‘sreame'rém deepatcherl froih asydol’lo'és: conveying H. M.’s Mkils, Passengers; and Cargo :"JI-i I I To Aden, Suez, Brindisi Venice; and Southrmjufon..,—Oneev a week --namely, every Monday' firing the N. E. Monsoon, and every, Fri-_ day during the S. W. Monsoon. i- , Vi, To Ceylon, Madras, Calcutta, Sbtlraits, China, and Japan.—;Every, alternate Tuesday during N. E. Monsoon, and every alternate Monday during the S. Monsoon. 1 j _ To AustraliaL—Every Fourth Saturday. , Oamgo.+1n addition to the .Portsinamed above; Cargo can be hooked through to London, Liverpool, Odessa, Trieste, Ancona, Leghorn, Genoa, Naples,.Marseilles, Havre, Rotterdam, Hamburgh, New York, Mauritius, Zanzibar, Batavia, and Manila. - The Insurance of: Baggage aga'hst all risks can be eflected on moderate terms. I Passengers wishing to telegraph their safe arrival in England to' friends in India, can do so on payment in Bombay of Rs 8; the receipt for which must be forwarded to Renter's Telegram Company, 24, Old Jewry, London,on reaching home, when the message will be immediately despatched. ' ' ' ‘ Full particulars of rates of Passage-money and Freight can be obtained at the Company's Office, No. 3, Rampart Row. - 4, GEORGE F. HENRY, . ’ Superintendent. 20 ADVERTIsEMENTs. IMPORTANT NOTICE. LONDON AND LANGASH—li LIFE ASSURANCE 60. ' HEAD OFFICE in INDIA. 136, Cannirig St.‘, 03.16am. W'ith Agencies at Bombay, Madras, and all the principal Towns in India. ' VllHE Directors have the pleasure to announce that after due consideration, they have resolved to reduce consider- ably the Rates of Premium for India, broth Civil and Military. The Directors, lherefore, now invite special attention to the New Rates of the LONDON AN!) LANCASHIRE- . p v . I N O T E- NEW TABLE OF RATES for the Assurance of Its-1,000 ' forv the whole Term of Life. TVITH PROFITS. ‘VITHOUT PROFITS. Age. Yearly. Age. Yearly/ill‘n‘L a" Rs. a. p. Rs. ia.. p. 20 27 10 8 20 24:. 15 8 25 ’ 29 U ' 4s 25 26 3 4 30 3]. O 8 30' 28 1 0 35 34: 5 8 35 31 1 0 40 39 3 4: 40 I 35 7 4 415 45 4 4 ' 45 4'0 15 4' 50 52 ll 4 50 4:7 11 4' 55 63 11 4: 55 57 10 8 l *5} The next distribution of Profits will be made at the close of 1877. , Premiums can be payable Half-yearly or Quarterly at the option of the Assured. Rates for ages not stated in the above can be ob- tained on application to the Undersigned by stating age next birthday, The reduction of Premiums t0 Eur0peau rates begin: from the date at which the Assured arrives at'Suez. Proposal Forms, and all further information, can be obtained on application to ‘ . PELLY 8: Co., Agents for Bombay. ADVERTISEMENTS. 21 UHARTERED/MERGANTILE BANK OF INDIA, ‘ HINDU"; AND CHINA. CAPITAL £750,000- RESERVE EUND £100,713-15-11- “he” ‘QBombap Brand). _ LONDON BANKERS. Bank of England. | London Joint Stock Bank. MQNEY REMITTED At current. rates of Exchange by the Bank’s Drafts on' ' its Branches and Agencies in the East, and Om LONDON, ' On IRELAND, ,1 a- ,, SCOTLAND, =, PARIS, And also on the principal Towns in the AUSTRALIAN COLONIES. _ If desired, the Bank will send the Draft direct to the party whose address is given. ' v #- - - \ INTEREST- On Current Deposit Accounts interest is allowed at 2 per cent. per annum, on the minimum Monthly Balances, up to Rs. 100,000, but no interest will be allowed on balances of less than Rs. 1,000. “I” _ QBu JFixvh ilBrpusits. 9 Subject to 12 months' notice of withdrawal at 5 p- 011- per annum. Do-* 6 ‘ do- ' do- do- 4 do. 'All Letters should be addressed, and Hoondies made payable, to the Agent, Chartered Mercantile Bank of India, London, and China. 22 ' ADVERTISEMENTS; =53: finjnnmim EHQIIHHM mi; minim ‘ ,1 ififl'L-QILE BRASS STAMP$,_5QFFI_QIQ§L SEALS, STEEI; -DIES, WifrH C’QESTS, ARMORIALdBEARINGS, ‘MONdG'RKMSL 84¢... ENGRAVED EEATLY AND WITHpIsPA'Ecgl 1 . BongAY; 35, Meadow lime n 0313 LA BE 10 Y‘ < 1M {ER W'A N J EEF'QIIA'N-lklhfi one .8 IMPORTERS‘ 10f KERosEKE 1011}; F098 / _STB_EET,_ LAN‘TERNS, ‘ NAVAL .SLTQ,R_IVE,_S;,.’_U'5_ AMERICAN TOBACCO, DRILLS, PLANKS, AMERICAN FOLDING AND COMMON LADDERS, - ' ' FORCE PUMPS, . - AND OTHER AMERICAN IMPORTS. ' AGENTS FOR .1NDIAN IiILL TEA. They also execute Orders!v for WO0L,LINSEED, COTTON, and other Indian Produce. SOLE AGENTS OF THE \VORLD-RENOWNED ‘ WHEELER AND WILSON’S SEWING-MAO HINES. DR. TOWNSEND'S SARS'APARILLA.‘ “PERRY DAVIS AND SON’S VEGETABLE PAIN-KILLER. ALSO SHIPS’ AGENTS AND PROCURERS OF FREIGHTS _ ‘ CHARTERS. I AND 24 ADVERTISEMENTS- J'EMSEDJEE NOWROJEE; ‘ CABINET MAKER & GENERALfMERCHANT. IKAJJBAJDAVTBI'IUDAIL I3CDL£131&T[. BEGS to invite the attention of Ladies and Gentlemen to his large stock of Carved and Plain Blackwood, Teakwood, Ebonywood, and Gold-gilt Furniture, for Drawing-room, Library, Dining-room, Bed-room, Masses, Camps, Clubs, 8m. &c. B E D STE A D S. Iron Bedsteads, Babies' Cots, Cradles, Folding Bedsteads for Travellers, Iron Stretcher Beds of all sizes, Brass Canopies, Children’s Cots and Cradles ; Bath Tubs, Wooden and Zinc ; Heat Bath Tubs; Portable Bath Tubs with covers, lock and key; Foot Tubs and Cans ; Tin Bones of sizes {Bird Cages of all descriptions. SU RAT WORK-BOXES. In Ivory, firmdnlwood. and Ebonvw'ood : China Work Boxes, China Tea. and Coflee Boxes ; Card Boxes and Plates of sizes. 1 PERAMBULATORs; ' - Of one, two, and four seats -, best Pictures. on canvas in elegant gilt frames ; Toilet Glasses in Blackwood, Mahogany, and Ebonywood ; Rocking Horses of all sizes. ' LAMPS. ' "‘51 15'- Garriage and Buggy Lamps ; Carriage and Buggy Whips ; Police Hand Lanterns ; Round Hanging Globes, plain or flowered with gold gilt, Ztc. ; Argand Hanging Lamps, by Tucker, from one to twelve lights. Chandeliers from four to eighteen lights. C R O C K E R Y . I ‘Binner Sets, white and gold ; Breakfast Sets ; 'Wash-hand Jug Sets ; Wine Coolers, Cut Tumblers, Wine and Beer Jugs, &c. FURNITURE. Cretonnes, Chintzes, Reps, Dnmasks, Velvets, Gimps, Fringes, Cord, -&c., of every color and description -, Carpets in Piles, Borders, and ‘ in pieces of sizes ;Air Pillows and Mattresses; Feather Pillows ; Mottrasses.(00tton, Coir, or Horse-hair) made to sizes ; Railway Rugs ; Table Covers ; Portmanbeanx ; Overland Chairs, &c. ‘ - Jnnsnmsn Nownoann further begs to state that he will be glad to receive orders for making Furniture of every and any description, and according to any kind of pattern sent to him with instructions. . J. N. also undertakes to repair, re-line, and polish (French or wax‘and-oilj carefully all sorts of Furniture, 800., either at the residence of customers, or in his establishment, if forwarded. '~ The large patronage J. N. has been favored with throughout this Presidency, and his having supplied from his Establishment Furniture and Goods of various descriptions to a. great number of European Ladies and Gentlemen as well as to H. H. the Holkm‘ of Indore, the Maharaj oh of Jeypore, the Begum of Bhopal, the ann of Rutlmn, the Princes of Kattyawar, and many other Native. Chiefs, induces him to hope for a. continuance of public support. . , A, .' . ADVERTISEMENTS. BANK QEEQMBAY. CAPITAL ONE BROKE 0F RUPEES PAID UP IN FULL. RESERVED FUND RS.‘ 20,00,000 INVESTED IN GOVERNMENT SECURITIES. 313 i1: 2 E t u r 5. HAMILTON MAXWELL, ESQ. (of Messrs. W. Nicol & Co.) WALTER LANG, ESQ. (of Messrs. Finlay, Scott & Co.) A. I. MACDONALD, ESQ. (of Sir Charles Forbes & C0.) DINSHAW MANOGKJEE PETIT, ESQ. AHMEDBHOY HUBIBBHOY, ESQ. KESSOWJEE NAIK, ESQ. E. D. SASSOON, Esq. gwcretatp am: @Ircaauzet. MACKINTOSH BALFOUR, Esq. ' 3132pth gut-stamp. linsprsta-r 0f wrambes. WILLIAM FRASER, ESQ- | JAMES H. SLIGHT, Esq. . onus fiscumltant. ROBERT CLARK, Esq. . ifiramljes. AHMEDABAD. KHANGAUM, BROACH, KURRACHEEE, ‘ DHARWAR, OOMRAWUTTEE, HOOBLEE. AND , lNDORE. POONA. d 26 ADVERTISEMENTS. WTHE STANDARD LI_FAE ASSURANCE 60. HIS COMPANY was established in 1825, and is one of the largest and most successful of the Life Assurance Institutions of Great B'itain. Its income exceeds £760,000 per annum ; and its Accumulated and Invested Funds amount to up- Wards of FIVE MILLIONS STERLING. Its Profits have been very large, and Persons assured have derived very valuable benefits from their connexion with the Company. It has also acquired a marked character for liberal management, being the'first institution which relieved Policies of Assurance from res- trietive and unnecessary conditions, and gave such contracts increased value and stability in other ways. BRANCHES and AGENCIES have been established in INDIA. and all the British Colonies for Thirty years, where Assurances may be effected, Premiums, paid, and Claims settled. FORMS of PROPOSAL, _PROSPECTUSES, and all information may be obtained on application. THOMAS LANG, STANDARD LIFE OFFICE, Secretary, Bombay Branch. 12, Rampart Row, Bombay, Nov., 1876. IMPERIAL FIRE INSURANCE CO. ESTABLISHED 1803. CAPITAL—ONE MILLION SIX HUNDRED THOUSAND POUNDS. POLICIES of INSURANCE against FIRE upon Houses, Mills and other Buildings, Household Furniture, Goods, Wares, and Merchandise its Bom- bay and Up-country, issued, on behalf of the above Company, at most favourable rates, by the Undersign- ed, from Whom full particulars may be obtained. BENNZ, ASHLEY 8: 00., Agents. 28 ADVERTISEMENTS. A. ALLAN, 1'7, APOLLO STREET, BOMBAY. MA BIVIl, STAFF, MILITARY, AND NAVAL UNIFORMS. A. ALLAN requests the attention of his Customers, and the Public in . general, to his EXTENSIVE ARRIVAL OF NEW STOCK, Selected. from the best Manufaetories in Europe and the Continent. From the superior quality of Texture and Design, he confidently asserts they cannot be surpassed. Uniforms made according to Regulation. NEW REGULATION INFANTRY BELTS AND SASHES, STAFF CORPS BELTS, AND EVERY DESCRIPTION OF sum was. G©IL© AIME!) S'SIIILVER @©LIL.IAIR ©IRNA'IV’IIENT5- HATS ()F NEWEST STYLE, AHA-CHAMBER. HELMETS and HUNTING HATS, BLACK DRESS and MERINO CORK-LINED HATS ; a. variety of Huts, OAps 4nd Puggrees of every description. TR'AVELL'ER’S comFon'rs. New Pattern Scotch Plaids and Bulrnoral Bonnets, solid Leather Trunks, Hat Boxes, Leather Straps, Railway Wrappers, and Tweed Caps. ROSIERY. Large assortment of Tweede, at a great reduction of prices, Re. Re, Goats D.B.P., or S. B Cut-away and Trowser f-Ir office or jungle wearlfi to 20 Scotch Tweed, superior quality, Cost and Troweers - West of England Tweed, new pattern do. do . Silk mixed ‘Tweeds’and fancy Coatings do. do . Pattern and instruction for self-measurements on applimtion. Cotton, Gingham, and Silk Umbrellas. ALLAN’S GYGIONIAN WATERPRGBF SUITS, Madeexpressly to resist the severest weather; warranted not to stick together' and will last for years. For Waterpoof Suit send size of chest, and height. fiasomt muons, Wilhelm, 8n. r . ‘ , v » , 2"“. , \ V , i ' ~ ‘rl , ‘ , lira. I a}; ADVERTISEMENTS. -! -; 29 " W‘J 7v , V ,_ H “21;, a,“ .b 1 THE LONDO N ASSURANCEC ()RPOBATION. FOR FIRE; LIFE, AND‘ MARINE "ASSURANCES. is... v ,1 _ ,. ' ._ "Fife Incorporated by Royal Charter A.D. 1720. “fly; 1 , _ _r ‘ 3‘ 7 HEAD OFFICE :—No. 7, ROYAL EXCHANGE, LONDON, E.C.‘ “9‘ ~ ‘ U nrrn unran'rmnw'rm 1;"; ' ThisCo oration has granted Assurances on Lives fora period of upwards of One Hundre and Fify Years. having issued its first Policy on the 7th June 1721. Two-thirds of the entire profits, without any deduction for )expenses of management, are allotted to the Assure d. ' The profits are declared at the end of every five years, and the share of the Policy-holders may be appropriated either in increase of the Sum Assured, or as an immediate Cash payment. if 4' at r- t ‘3‘- "*~" . H _ Assurances may also be effected without participation in profits, at reduced Rates of Premium” ,1.- w u ' r ' The Premiums have been computed from the most recent information on the subject of European mortality in India, and they will be reduced to the corre- sponding English rates, on the return to Europe of the persons whose lives are 'r‘ - 7‘ m - Assured. i,» 1?} E 15% Pm miums may be made payable either yearly or half-yearly. 4 . a j Policies on lives of Military Officers in Civil employ, issued at.thp Civilian ' _ ~ ‘ E‘Zg'iy, Rates. 1% ""l _ vii . I - a. -l .~ ‘5‘ fit-77",“; ; Risks on Male Parsee and Eulfifian lives, under 40, accepted at European Rates. 1‘,” Medical Fees and Stamps are paid by the Couporation’, J., v 5 ‘ ,1 i ‘5‘; :33 _ ,1. r ‘~’ DECLARATION or Bonus. ’ ti; $353,, 1 The valuatiokh of the “ With Profit" Series of 1846, for the five years endin 31st December 1875, has been completed, and the re sult is to give tothe assurrd '53-); a cash Bonus of more than 29 per cent. r-f the premiums paid by them during 4.1;,;,;_;N;.1;_3;3 the last five years, or a corresponding Reversionary Bonus varying in amount "attir’itflig according to the age of the life assured. Large as have been the former Bonuses, ' this is a dime favourable result than on any previous occasion.m ;, The following are examples of the Bonus fur the Quinquennial period ending ,3; 31st December ,1875, {declared on Policies on which five annual Premiums had ' ‘ I 1 _ “Q7 ' \-" .- ‘ " 7" ' ’ bERPH-lQi— a ‘1,» e, =-- .~ v-. fitters: if?» , 0"}: a 7_ Age entry 9"" Sum Assured . Cash Bonus T‘I’C “on m s- '- '5‘? " i ~17Ii'r ' n- ear-.W., are? EAssured-‘tm ' s 1 000 v s 29 s * £ 77 1,17 0 so £ moose-'1‘: :- fif. 36 16 ' 0 ' s 84 £1 0 40 M £1,000 £ 47 5 > 0 { £ 90 9, .0 new; i so it i > 1 . £105 @142? 0* ‘ “ nxrmvsns or MANAGEMENT. ’ " ‘ The expenses of management are paid by the Corporation, and not charged to the Life Assurance Funds. 1 vfi-gngf'!" H,» ,m The value of this arrangement will be appreciated when it is observed how a seriously the increase of these expenses, of late years, has efl‘ected the Bonuses l. eclared by some oflices, which‘cannot be the, case in this Corporation. “'21 ‘ '— {illil'l‘he Total Life Funds of; 3lst December 1875 amounted to £1,684,282. ¢~ ri <. ,‘i a“. n- - V ‘>_\:vl» .u' 1‘ re“ & FIRE DEPARTMENT. Fire Infinite“ are efl‘ectgd at moderate Rates upon every description of Property. Mining: nnrn‘n'rmnm'r. v'éfig‘iir Marine Insurances are efiectEd'at the current remiums. 1;. " ‘ ;_ 3“ 1 Further information, Forms of Applicationafor ife Assurance, and‘Prospectuses »‘ ‘}":'I'I can be had on application to ‘--‘ '1‘ . V -- ' E_WART, LATHAM 6t 00.,“Agcnts for Bombay. " L: n l< i , =19, i ~ »¢‘€~§3§2e r, ADVERTISEMENTS. THE AGRA BANK, Lindon. Capital £1,000,000. Reserve Fund £80,000. LONDON BANKERS. THE BANK OF ENGLAND. Messrs. Glyn, Mills, Currie it Co. The National Bank of Scotland. Agents in Scotland. Agents in Ireland. The National Bank of Scotland. The Provincial Bank of Ireland. BOMBAY BRANCH. Current Accounts are kept. and interest allowed at the rate of two per cent. per annum on the minimum m0nthly balance if the balance has not been below Rs. 1,000 at anv tirfié during the half year. Deposits for fixed periods are received in sums of not less than Rs. 100 on the following terms :— At 4} per cent. per annum, for twelve months certain. At 4 do. six months do. At 3 do. three months do. Interest will be paid in cash or to order half-yearly, on or after lst January and lst July. Deposits are also received repayahle at any time in the Bank‘s Bills on London, and interest {1.110ch meanwhile at the rate of four per cent. per annum. Drafts granted at the exchange of the day on London, Scotland, Ireland, and the Bank's Agencies in the East. For the convenience of constituents at a distance the Bank will, whenever so requested, transmit the Firs-t of Exchange direct on being furnished with the address of the individual to whom the remittance is to be sent. Circular Notes issued, payable in the principal cities of Europe and in Egypt. _The Bank takes charge of Government Securities, Bank or other Joint StOCk Shares, realizing the Interest when due, and Dividends as de- clared, and also buys and sells such Securities. Forms of Letters and Powers of Attorney may be obtained on applicition. When the proceeds of Govern- ment Paper or Shares sold, or of Interest and Dividends realized in India are remitted by the Bank’s drafts on England, or from one Branch to another, no Commission will be charged ; if otherwise paid in India, or when Government liaper or Shares are delivered over there, the charge for commission will be per cent. Pay and Pensions collected, and every other description of Banking Business and Money Agency transacted. All Remittances should be made payable to the Agra Bank, Limited. Bombay, April: 1876.