BOSTORU BURNS.PHILPCOS ISLAND LINE OF STEAMERS HANDBOOK OF INFORMATION . Joly Andrewel Sydney HARVARD UNIVERSITY. HARVI AVARDIA ACADEMI JSTOR ΔΙΑΝΑΕ., VM AC ECCL IN NOV urne. I915 INY NY LIBRARY OF THE - Inager. BOWE BRISB CAIRN MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOÖLOGY. N° 14,652 GIFT OF ALEX. AGASSIZ. DHARI COOKT NORM THURS November 30, 1900- TOWN: UV : ESPER FREMANTLE GERALDTON PORT MORESBY SAMARAI VILA ... H. E. CAMPBELL A. H. MOUNTAIN ...British New Guinea W. H. GORS C. ARBOUIN ... New Hebrides W. TANNER . Tonga H. J. THOMPSON , : NU KUALOFA AGENCIES THROUGHOUT AUSTRALASIA AND THE EAST. Managing Agents in Australia of the NIPPON YUSEN KAISHA Imperial Japanese Mail Steamers. Managing Agents in Australia of the CANADIAN-AUSTRALIAN ROYAL MAIL S.S. Co., LTD., and Canadian-Pacific Railway. Agents, at various Ports, of the AUSTRALASIAN UNITED STEAM NAVIGATION Co., LTD. Agents, at various Ports, of the British INDIA STEAM NAVIGATION Co. Agents, at various Ports, of MCILWRAITH, McEACHARN & Co., Ltd., Line of Steamers. Etc., etc., etc. Burns, Phip & Company's, Limited, ISLAND LINE OF STEAMERS, running to British and German New Guinea, New Britain, Solomons, New Hebrides, Norfolk Island and other Islands In the Pacific. Passengers and Cargo Booked to all parts of the World. .: Island had transacted, Advertisements. Canadian-Australian Royal Mail. Line BETWEEN . SYDNEY and VANCOUVER, Via Wellington, Suva, Honolulu AND Victoria, In connection with the Canadian Pacific Railway. The magnificent steamers, AORAYGI, MIOWERA, WARRIMOO, Sailing every 4 weeks. Passengers booked to all parts of Canada, United States, United Kingdom and Continent of Europe. Round the World Tickets issued to London, via Canada, returning via Suez Canal. BURNS, PHILP & CO., Ltd., Sydney, Managing Agents. * TRAVEL BY * The Splendid Passenger Steamships .. (WODONGA, ARAMAC, ARAWATTA, PAROV, etc., etc.), A. OF THE U . Со UNRIVALLED TABLE and every convenience. Ltd. Regular and frequent Services to all Australian Ports. Advertisement. THE NORTH QUEENSLAND FIRE (MARINE INSURANCE CO., LTD. (MARINE) Authorised Capital, £250,000; Subscribed Capital, £114,000. INSURANCE NEW CHINE USLAND INST PORT MORESBY TORRES STRAITS All classes CH QUEEN NTARIA of MANTON fr.coo NORTH @ Marine Risks covered to all parts of the World. COOKTOWA PORT DOUGLR Fire Risks covered RKETOWN IMITED. at CAIRNS NORTH QUEENSLANDYTOWNSVILLE B. WEN MALAY ROCKHAMPTON SOUTH QUE ENSLAND lowest Wool covered from Sheep's back to London. current rates. SOUTH AUSTRALIA BRISBANE Head Office : SYDNEY. Directors:- JAMES BURNS, Chairman. JOHN SEE, M.L.A., J. MACPHERSON, A. FORSYTH, F. W. WALEY. General Manager: CHARLES DANVERS. Secretary: T. J. WATTERS. Townsville Brisbane Rockhampton Maryborough All North Q'land Ports Branches and Agencies: Newcastle, Fiji Invercargill N.S.W. Noumea Bombay Melbourne Auckland Calcutta Adelaide Wellington Timor Perth Christchurch Madras Bundaberg Dunedin Colombo Hongkong Vancouva. Hobart Launceston London New York Manila Iliogo MICROFILMED AL HARVARD CONTENTS. LORD HOWE NORFOLK NEW HEBRIDES BANKS ... SOLOMONS SANTA CRUZ BRITISH NEW GUINEA NEW BRITAIN HINTS TO PHOTOGRAPHERS ::::::::: ::::::::: Page 5, 6 7-9 10-34 35-40 45-60 61-67 75-97 99-108 109 Page 15 16 17 19 20 392 40 46 ILLUSTRATIONS. Lord HowE ISLAND ... KINGSTON, NORFOLK ISLAND PINE AVENUE, NORFOLK ISLAND ... CORAL AT Low WATER, ANEITYUM ISLAND VOLCANO HOT SPRING, SULPHUR BAY, TANNA MISSION STATION .. Port Vila A. N. H. Co.'s STORES, Port Vila... RUE DE COMMERCE, Port VILA ... PICKING COFFEE, PORT VILA H.M.S. “ROYALIST" ON THE NEW HEBRIDES STATION DR. LAMB'S HOSPITAL, AMBRYM ... NATIVE DWELLING HOUSE ON AOBA WATERFALL, LAKERERE, AURORA, NEW HEBRIDES ITHUMA RIVER, ANEITYUM COCOANUT TREE .. BANANA, MR. CHEVILLARD'S PLANTATION, VILA ... SIMBO, SOLOMONS . REPOSITORY FOR HEAD-HUNTERS' TROPHIES, SIMBO NATIVE HOUSE, SOLOMONS CHIEF's TOMB, RUBIANA RUBIANA NATIVE, SOLOMONS CANOE HOUSE, RUBIANA, SOLOMONS GAVOTU, SOLOMONS ... GUADALCANAR, SOLOMONS CAPTAIN W. POPE'S STATION, AOLA, SOLOMONS REEF ISLAND NATIVES AND CANOE SANTA CRUZ NATIVE OF SANTA CRUZ SANTA CRUZ HOUSE ... GEYSER, FERGUSON ISLAND, NEW GUINEA PORT MORESBY, NEW GUINEA VILLAGE, PORT MORESBY, NEW GUINEA TRADING CANOE, NEW GUINEA NATIVE HOUSE, NEW GUINEA SAMARAI, NEW GUINEA SARIBA, NEW GUINEA TREE HOUSE, NEW GUINEA MISSION STATION OF THE SACRED HEART, HERBERTSHOHE, N.B. BEEHIVE ROCK, MATUPI, NEw BRITAIN MAKING FISH TRAPS, NEW BRITAIN Mioko DUKE OF YORK, NEW BRITAIN :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 48 49 50 51 61 65 :::::::::::::::: 66 84 92 ::: 96 101 104 106 108 ΚΟΥΛΟΥΙΥΔΟΥΧΟΛΥΔΥΑΣΙΕΣ ΣΕ ΣΥΝΔΥΛΥΔΥΔΡΑΥΜΑΤΟΥΣ 210218 IB0101 VYVYYYYYYY @ddddddd LILIT 9 YV YY boodddddo A DYOYO DYOYO Western Pacific Islands BY THE ISLAND LINE OF STEAMERS OF BURNS, PHILP & COMPANY, LIMITED, Head Office: 10 BRIDGE ST., SYDNEY. Lord Howe, Norfolk, New Hebrides, Banks, Solomon, Santa Cruz, British & German New Guinea, And New Britain. C LASS M n le * * * * * * * * 332 - - -- - - - - - - - -- Messrs. Burns, Philp & Company's Steamer Titus alongside Marau Sound, Solomon Islands. BURNS, PHILP & COMPANY'S (Ltd.) nearly 2000 feet. It is visible for a very great distance, and the effect of the rising or setting sun glittering on the stately peak is very beautiful. SA Lord Howe Island. M. V. Murphy. Head Office- BURNS, PHILP & COMPANY'S (Ltd.) · subsequently utilised this picturesque and fertile island as a penal station. “A perfect image of paradise,” was the description then given of it by a military officer, but as a convict settlement it was considered too far from the seat of government at Botany Bay, and was abandoned. Early in the present century, however, it was re-established as a penal station for doubly convicted or specially degraded felons. Barracks, prisons and stores were erected, bridges and rough piers were built, avenues of pines were planted, and these are all there to-day, some falling to decay, and some in full preservation, to remind the visitor of this black page in the island's history. The awful nature of some of the misdeeds perpetrated will never be fully revealed perhaps. Suffice that enough was conveyed to the Imperial authorities to induce them, about the close of the first half of the century, to once again break up the settlement. Then began a new era for the island. It happened that about that time the condition of the descendants of the mutineers of the “ Bounty” on Pitcairn Island was attracting attention. Pitcairn is little more than a barren rock. and there was grave danger of a water famine. It was then decided to transport the Pitcairners, their sheep, horses, pigs, and poultry, free of expense, to the abandoned convict settlement, and practically to hand over the island tu them uncondition- ally. Accordingly, on June 8th, 1856, 194 persons were landed on the island. Many were not satisfied, however, and about 40 returned to Pitcairn. The rest remained on Norfolk, where they are to the present day, the population of 150 having meantime increased to about 500. The island is also the headquarters of the Church of England Melanesian Mission. They have erected a beautiful church as a memorial to Bishop Patteson (who was murdered in the Santa Cruz group in 1871) and several houses for the missioners and pupils. Native boys are brought here from the islands, and are instructed in the principles of religion, and after a course of a few years they are sent back to their homes to propagate the truths of Christianity. Norfolk Island is about five miles long and about two and a half miles broad. It contains about 9000 acres, and the soil is of the very richest. It is a succession of gentle hills and valleys clothed with the stately pine, and covered with the orange, the lemon, the banana, and other semi-tropical fruits, and its whole appearance is that of a beautiful park. It maintains its present population with but the very sinallest exertions on their part, and ten times the number could live in comfort and affluence within its boundaries. The anchorage is, unfortunately, rather bad, and in rough weather a boat is Head Office- ISLAND LINE OF STEAMERS. only put off to a ship with difficulty. But the mails having been landed, and the cargo taken off or put on, as the case may be, our vessel is once more on her way bound for the New Hebrides. M. V. Murphy. Pine Avenue, Norfolk Island-more than a mile long. 10 Bridge Street, Sydney. 14 BURNS, PHILP & COMPANY'S (Ltd.) balance, they must obtain an enormously preponderating influence. And this can only be by the extension to the islands of various com- mercial enterprises. That there are inducements in this direction will be shown in the course of these few pages. The English connection with the group is maintained by Messrs Burns, Philp & Company, Limited, who have the contract for the delivery of mails at all points from Lord Howe Island to Santa Cruz, Let us follow the mail steamer through the group; her first port of call is Aneityum. ANEITYUM. Aneityum is the most southerly island cf the New Hebrides group. Captain D'Urville, the French navigator, sailed partly round it in 1827 when en route from Hobart to the Santa Cruz Islands in search of the La Perouse expedition. There is a good landing on the S.W. side at Anelgauhat Harbour, where the Presbyterian mission station now is. The island is noted for its sandalwood, and as early as 1843 Captain Paddon formed an establishment here, and had several vessels engaged collecting the wood from the other islands. A Sydney sawmill company has at the present time a plant on the island. Only 40 miles from Aneityum, and visible from it, is the small but high island of FUTUNA. It is only about 10 miles in circumference, and its native inhabitants had a reputation for ferocity in the early days of settlement in the group Now, however, a Presbyterian missionary is established on Futuna, and the natives are civilised and friendly. TANNA. The next point of call is Tanna - an island famous in these seas for its great volcano and for its fierce tribes of natives, whom the work of years is only now bringing to something like a state of civilisation. It was discovered by Captain Cook, on his third voyage, in 1794. "Towards the south-eastern extremity of it,” says Foster, in his account of that voyage, “we discovered a volcano, of which we had really seen the fire at night. A column of heavy smoke rose up from time to time like a great tree whose crown gradually spread as it ascended.” How true the description is to-day! When the air is still, the heavy column of smoke rises now as it did a century ago, and spreads itself as an Head Office- ISLAND LINE OF STEAMERS. umbrella as it rises. Every few minutes the roar of a fresh eruption is heard, and dense masses of smoke come up, accompanied by the molten lava and volcanic rock. It was so when Cook visited the spot a hundred years ago ; it was so, no doubt, for ages before, and the roar and the smoke will still continue long after the present generation has passed away. The forces at work within seem inexhaustible, and the navigator of future generations will use the fiery top of the mountain for his lighthouse and danger signal as did those who first sailed these waters. The circumference of the crater is about 600 feet, and the height of the Volcano. volcano three thousand feet. It is comparatively easy of access, either from the mission station, at Port Resolution, or from Sulphur Bay, and many parties have approached it from those points and looked down into the boiling cauldron. The roar of the coming eruption warns the sight-seer to draw back from the mouth, and also to be on his guard for falling lava or rocks. One well-known missionary in the group succeeded in lighting his cigar from a piece of the molten stone that fell close to his feet. Smoke issues from various points up the side of the mountain, 10 Bridge Street, Sydney. 16 BURNS, PHILP & COMPANY'S (Ltd.) and into Sulphur Bay a stream of boiling water pours, in which the natives are accustomed to cook their food. Hot Spring, Sulphur Bay, Tanna. A very short steam brings us to Dillon's Bay, in Eromanga, where the Rev. Hugh Robertson, at present one of the oldest missionaries in the island, has his station. When one has spent an afternoon at Mr. Robertson's place, he gathers some idea of the capa- bilities of the islands, particularly in the direction of producing oranges and lemons. The mission station is situated at a beautiful fresh-water creek, which empties itself into Dillon's Bay, close against the house. It is under the shadow of a hill famous in missionary history, the Martyr's Hill, as it is called, from the fact that the Rev. John Williams, the pioneer of missions in these seas, and his companion, Mr. James Harris, met their deaths on the shore at its base, while on its crest the Rev. Mr. Gordon and his wife were murdered a quarter of a century later. Williams, in his youth, was apprenticed to the ironmongery business, but his religious zeal was fired by frequent visits to the tabernacle at Head Office- BURNS, PHILP & COMPANY'S (Ltd.) of their number bore away the body. That was the last ever seen of the missionary martyr, and Captain Morgan, of the “Camden,” seeing the futility of waiting longer and risking further lives, was reluctantly compelled to heave anchor. For five and twenty years the Eromangans were abandoned, and in 1864 the Rev. Mr. Gordon and his wife, who had taken up the work again, were killed on the hill overlooking the scene of the previous murder. Mr. Gordon was enticed along a path under an overhanging tree, when a native from the branches above cleft him with his axe. On the other side of the island the Rev. J. D. Gordon, a brother of the previous victim, was killed in 1872. But even this long list of martyrs was not sufficient to check the zeal for the cause, and very shortly after the death of the Rev. J. D. Gordon the Rev. Hugh Robertson and his young wife took up the work, and have since carried it on so successfully that the roll of victims, either clerical or lay, from native treachery may be said to be closed. The natives are practically all civilised ; a large proportion of them are christianised, and under Mr Robertson's guidance they are learning to turn to good account the splendid soil of the island. SANDWICH. Leaving Eromanga, with all its painful memories of the past, and all its great possibilities for the future, a run of something over 60 miles brings us to Sandwich Island. This was the name given to it by Captain Cook, the native name being Vate, or Efate (as it is now generally spelt). Sandwich is the most important island of the group, in that it contains the only township from Aneityum to Santa Cruz. A special reporter of The Argus (Melbourne) who recently visited the group on behalf of that journal speaks thus of the place :-- " It is, perhaps, not generally known that the New Hebrides have a capital. 'Tis marked on no map nor entered in any geography. But it exists all the same, and its name is Vila. The undoubted capital of the group it is, not so much on account of its intrinsic importance as from the fact that it has no rival. Coming down on the ship one hears such frequent references to Vila that he gains, perhaps, an exaggerated idea of its importance. We shall be able to buy this or to do that when we get to Vila ; to hear the news from the outside world, from which we have been cut off for a fortnight; to post letters home to anxious friends. Vila figures so largely in the conversation that the stranger becomes almost excited at the prospect of moving once again Head Office- 22 BURNS, PHILP & COMPANY'S (Ltd.) - - - of Paris and Vila as social and artistic centres that I learned that he had never been nearer to France in his life than Noumea.” Just a little further round from Vila, and we steam into Havannah Harbour -- so called from the warship in which Admiral Erskine entered the bay in 1849. It is a magnificent stretch of water, almost completely land-locked, formed by the mainland of Sandwich on the south and east sides, and on the west and north sides by Deception and Protection shell from which mother-o'pearl is made. Its only disadvantage is its great depth, and Admiral Erskine records that he anchored in 21 fathoms five or six miles from the entrance. The harbour has a historical in terest to Australians from the fact that it was the scene of the French landing in 1886, which, had it been tolerated at the time, would doubt- less have resulted in the acquisition of the islands by France. For tunately, the Rev. Dr. Macdonald, who had been stationed at the harbour for many years, brought the matter strongly under the notice of the citizens of Melbourne. The result was that meetings were called in that city, public opinion was aroused, the Government of the Colony was moved to action, and the representations made to the Imperial Government led to the withdrawal of the French troops after about two years of a disastrous occupation. The natives about the mission station go in somewhat largely for the cultivation of arrowroot, another of the many products which can be cultivated with success in these islands. At Undine Bay, on the north side of the island, is one of the most extensive English coffee plantations in the Hebrides. It is owned by Messrs. Glisson and Wardlaw, and is thus described by the special reporter of The Argus :-- “At Arthur's Leigh about 50 acres of coffee are in full bearing, and another 20 acres, or thereabouts, are coming on Half a ton to the acre is a very moderate yield, and this year it promises to be nearer fallen for the half-year-had greatly retarded the drying of the berry. The capacious drying sheds were, on the occasion of my visit, full to overflowing the verandahs of the house were piled high, and as a last resort the spare rooms had been pressed into the service. The season's sample sent to Sydney had been pronounced by experts as of the highest grade, but the market was unsettled, and prices had not been fixed. The price ruling to-day is lower than it has been for years past, but putting it even on this low basis, it leaves a handsome margin for profit.” Strictly speaking, the expanse of water known as Undine Bay is not a Head Office- ISLAND LINE OF STEAMERS. bay at all. It is formed by the mainland of Sandwich on the south, and by small islands lying to the north ; but the entrance is so wide and the exit so narrow that it has, when entered, the appearance of a bay. 2 Picking Coffee, Port Vila. NGUNA. Across from Sandwich is the little island of Nguna, where there is a very nice mission house and quite an imposing church, at present under the direction of another of the veteran missionaries, the Rev Peter Milne. ΜΑΙ. Sailing due north, we are soon in sight of the striking three-hilled island called Mai, or Three Hills, the former being the native equivalent of the latter. It is somewhat curious that Cook gave the island the name of the Three Hills without any knowledge of the fact that the natives had already given it that name in their own language. There are, or at any 10 Bridge Street, Sydney. 24 BURNS, PHILP & COMPANY'S (Ltd.) rate there were formerly, three different languages spoken on the island, though which tribe gave the name originally to the land it is impossible now to tell. One of the most striking features, to the student of philology especially, about these islands is the number of different languages spoken. Not to mention dialects, there are more than a dozen totally distinct languages, in which not even the philologist can detect anything more than the faintest similarity, and if there is any · word common to all the islands, it has in all probability been spread by the white people. Moving about amongst the natives almost anywhere on the group, one often hears the expression “Ita” used in the sense of an exhortation. “Ita !” they will shout as a dozen boys take hold of a boat and push her off the beach into the sea. The expression is equivalent to some such phrase as the English “Now, all together,” or "go strong ;” but if it is now a common word from Aneityum to Santo, that must be attributed rather to the work of the white trader than to any intercourse amongst the natives. The present little volume is not meant as a handbook on Hebridean philology, but while on the subject attention may be drawn to the peculiarity of the vowel sounds as com- pared with English. The island with which we are now dealing is pronounced Mah-é, the a being usually pronounced long, as ah, and the e pronounced as a. Thus the word given above is pronounced E-tah. But all this is rather in the nature of a digression. The island of Mai is, like its fellows, fertile and luxurious, and an English trader has been settled there for some time. The natives are kindly, and have always traded freely with the whites settled amongst them. TONGOA. Leaving Mai, we cross over towards the north-east to the little island of Tongoa, where there is a mission station, and where Mr. Alexander Cronstedt, one of the oldest settlers in the islands, is now living Mr. Cronstedt has carried on trading on a large scale for some years, and he is now going in extensively for coffee planting. He has a pleasantly- situated and comfortable house a short distance from the sandy beach; and his establishment is a striking instance of the comforts which are attainable with prudence, energy and thrift, even in these distant lands. EPI. A very short sail in a north-westerly direction brings us to Sakau, on the south end of the island o. Epi. Following the island round by its south-west coast we call at Voambi (where Mr. Hugh Roxburgh has an Head Office- ISLAND LINE OF STEAMERS. 27 and it is therefore necessary to retrace our steps, skirting its southerly end on our way to Ambrym, prior to making the numerous calls neces- sary either on, or just off, its eastern side. AMBRYM. Ambrym is one of the most remarkable islands in the New Hebrides, its name being made famous hereabout by the possession of a striking natural feature in the shape of an active volcano, and of a noble charit- able institution in the shape of a fully-equipped hospital. Some four or Dr. Lamb's Hospital, Ambrym. five years ago a tremendous eruption of the volcano occurred, not from the smoking crater, but at a new point. The lava poured down the sides of the mountain-over 3500 feet high-on its way to the sea, and the track which it made in the luxuriant vegetation is still visible. As it reached the sea in an immense volume, a column of steam and water was forced straight up to a height of several hundred feet. A man-of-war was at anchor close by at the time, and one of the officers obtained an admirable photograph of the phenomenon. The hospital is many miles from the burning mountain, but still not far enough to be out of its sphere of influence for mischief, and when the breeze is from the east a 10 Bridge Street, Sydney. ISLAND LINE OF STEAMERS. 35 Banks Group. SANTA MARIA and VANUA LAVA. AFTER a few hours' steaming, we are in sight of SANTA MARIA, the most southerly of the Banks group, and, passing on, we are soon abeam of VANUA LAVA and the little islet of Kakea. This latter affords a striking instance of the decay of the native population. It contains only about 21 square miles, but a few years ago it was thickly inhabited. To-day it has not a single member of its original tribe, the two or three that survived disease having "folded their tents, like the Arabs,” and silently stolen away to throw in their lot with their friends on a neighbouring island. Kakea is now the absolute property of Captain Frank Whitford, whose intention it is to clear the island and lay it down in cocoanut trees for the manufacture of copra. Over 100,000 trees, it is estimated, can be planted in the area available, and a start has already been made on the mammoth undertaking. There is an anchorage off Vanua Lava, in Port Patteson—a port called after the judge of that name, and father of the missionary bishop who lost his life further north. at Nukapu, in 1871. URIPARAPARA. PROCEEDING now in a direct line for SANTA CRUZ, we leave to the east or west some little islands which deserve a word. The island of Uriparapara is one of them. It contains the remains of a German scientist of some note, who, in :897, whilst conducting some investigations, was stricken with an illness and died. But the island has a peculiarity of formation which has led to the belief that it was once an active volcano, the entire side of which has been blown out by a tremendous eruption. Viewed from one aspect, Uriparapara appears a perfect cone, but as it is brought more abeam a huge indentation is noticed, which has all the appearance of having been artificially constructed, or of having—as is generally supposed—been formed by a convulsion of Nature. There is now a sheltered anchorage for small craft in this indentation, which, from its supposed origin, is known as “ The Crater.” 10 Bridge Street, Sydney. 36 BURNS, PHILP & COMPANY'S (Ltd.) TORRES GROUP. To the westward of our course lie the bunch of little islands known as the Torres group, called after the second in command of De Quiros' last expedition, who sighted them on his return journey after the breaking up of the Spanish colony. TUCOPIA. Some distance to the eastward is the lovely little island of Tucopia, which has both a historical and an ethnological interest. A French expedi- tion, under La Perouse, was organised in 1788 to explore these islands. It left Sydney towards the end of that year, and vanished from human ken. No trace of it was discovered until 1828, when on the island of Tucopia pieces of wreckage were found, which were clearly identified as belonging to the gallant Frenchman's ships. Inquiries elicited that they had been obtained years before from Vanikoro, more than 400 miles to the north. This island was then visited, and unmistakeable signs were forthcoming that here the vessel had met her doom. Within quite recent years the anchor and other iron belonging to the ship were discovered, and these are now in the Paris Museum-the sole memorials of a body of brave men and of an ill-fated expedition. The present inhabi- tants of Tucopia are most interesting, in that they bear no resem- blance to the people of the Hebrides, Banks, or Santa Cruz groups. In appearance they suggest somewhat the Samoans and the Macris. Some interesting facts in connection with them have just been con- tributed to the Sydney Morning Herald by an officer of H.M.S “Mohawk,” which has completed a tour of these islands, and has estab- lished a British protectorate over the whole of them. The officer says that the island, from its natural features. gives colour to the Darwinian idea of a submerged continent. It contains about 800 people, who are not like the ordinary kanaka, woolly-haired and stunted in stature. “They are,” he proceeds, “gigantic in stature; one we measured was 6 feet 10 inches; and the women are proportionate. The men have long, straight hair, which they dye a flaxen colour, and which in thick folds hangs over their copper-tinted shoulders. The women, on the contrary, have their hair cut short. They may be related to the Samoans or the Maoris, but they certainly differ so much from the Melanesian as to make their history most interesting. Strange to say, also, they have no weapons of defence at all. A remarkable law amongst them is that they marry only once, the superstition being that if a married man or - - - - Head Office -- ISLAND LINE OF STEAMERS. 37 Cocoanut Tree. 10 Bridge Street, Sydney. BURNS, PHILP & COMPANY'S (Ltd.) woman dies, no matter how many children there may be, the deceased spirit has gone ahead, and is waiting for the other half.” Then our long and picturesque journey is completed. “Up anchor!” again is the word, and we are homeward bound by the track we came. The traveller who has completed this tour cannot but have had a pleasurable trip, and a trip mentally profitable. But also, he must have had a journey which offers him some food for reflection. As to the pleasure, even the most bilious must enjoy the exquisite pleasures of a cruise “on from island unto island” in a climate that knows no winter, and where the only landings are on emerald patches set in a sea of opal. The true beauty of the ocean is not known to one who has not seen it in tropical regions. Sit on the deck of a vessel and watch the deep, azure waters breaking on some coral reef, and you will see a blend- ing of opal and blue, and lighter blue softening into a grey and ending in a feathery white foam, which constitutes a picture worth coming all the way to see. Lean over the rail at night when the vessel is under weigh ; watch the dark water churned up by the revolving screw, and you will see a display of phosphorescent lights, reaching back for hundreds of yards, such as will never be seen by journeyings in colder latitudes. Go ashore on any of the islands-it matters very little which-and you will see a wealth of jungle scenery such as only the tropics can produce. The stately palm tree fringes every coast; the giant banyan spreads itself on the flat country, drawing to their deaths the weaker forest trees around it ; the granadilla creeps around the houses, yielding its monster fruit to all who care to pluck—a fruit bearing a very strong resemblance in its taste to the ordinary passion fruit; the banana, the breadfruit, the custard apple, the paw paw, and many other delicious fruits, known only by name, even to the dweller in sunny Australia, are common forest trees. Small wonder, indeed, that the native, with his meal to be had for the picking, is disposed to be indolent, and to see little virtue in the practice of thrift, or energy, or foresight. Labour is not required here if one is content with a mere subsistence. The cocoanut falls with a dull thud on the damp ground, and in a couple of years is a substantial tree; the ordinary pumpkin, if planted, has to be watched lest it overgrows everything ; the very uprights which have been erected as pickets, shoot out into leaves, and in a year your garden fence has been transformed into a hedge. True, the settler in these islands has to endure much of the prose of life where the travellers see only poetry. Such a jungle, and such wealth of soil, could not breed a healthy atmosphere, and the island fever comes sooner or later to every resident. But experience has proved that, in proportion as the Head Office - Advertisements. 41 Purveyor to His Excellency the Governor, VISCOUNT HAMPDEN, A and the .. Jewish Community. BY APPOINTMENT. William Buttel, TELEPHONE 1635. Shipping Butcher. SUPPLIER TO THE Messageries Gulf Orient Canadian-Australian R.M. A.U.S.N. And Tyser Lines Adelaide Royal and Foreign Navies Newcastle and H.R. Admiralty House AND AND North Coast Companies Lord Brassey. 101 & 103 CASTLEREAGH ST., SYDNEY. By Special Appointment to H.R.H. DUKE OF EDINBURGH, and His Excellency LORD BRASSEY. Thomas Playfair, SHIPPING BUTCHER. TELEPHONE 1128. Established 1860. 103 GEORGE STREET, NORTH. PURVEYOR TO THE ROYAL AND FOREIGN NAVIES. P. & O. Steam Navigation Company Anglo-Australian Steam Navigation Company. North German Lloyd's Steamship Company. Eastern & Australian S.N. Company. Messageries Maritimes Steamship Company. Australian United S.N. Company. German Australian Steamship Company. Union Steamship Company. Aberdeeli White Star Line. Lund's Blue Anchor Line. British India Steam Navigation Company. Tyser Line of Steamers. Huddart Parker & Co. Houlder Bros. Limited. Strath Line McIlwraith, McEacharn. British & Colonial Line. Japan Mail Line. Canadian-Australian Steamship Company. J. & A. Brown. China Navigation Company. Melbourne Steamship Company. CORNED BEEF, PORK, MUTTON, in Tierces. Barrels and Kegs a Speciality. OX TONGUES, SHEEP'S TONGUES, TRIPE in Jars, BREAD, MILK, POTATOES, VEGETABLES and LIVE STOCK always on hand. NOTE.-Having had a LINDE Refrigerating Machine fitted up on my premises, I am prepared to supply meats in prime condition during all seasons of the year. 42 Advertisements. We Invite * All Classes of Enquiries from Island Traders and others, upon receipt of which we shall do our utmost to meet requirements with all possible despatch. Australasia's Leading Ironmongers, HOLDSWORTH MACPHERSON & CO., 252 GEORGE ST., SYDNEY, N.S.W. ISLAND SPECIALITIES.-Axes, Hatchets, Cutlery. Pouches, Waist Belts, Butchers' Knives, &c., &c. JAMES INGLIS & CO. MERCHANTS, MILLERS, MANUFACTURERS, AGENTS & TEA SPECIALISTS, Dean's Place, Sydney, & Queen St., Brisbane. “ To those who go down to the sea in ships !" YANATAS is a proved and certain Specific for Sea Sickness. We are Sole Wholesale Agents in Australasia. Ask the Chemist for Yanatas. WHITE HEATHER WHISKY :-Finest Old Scotch on the Market. COMMENDADOR PORT:-25 years old in wood before bottling. Assorted Cases for Travellers :- All best brands of Wines and Spirits. MEUKOW'S BRANDIES: -We hold Sole Agency in N.S.W. for these. SALVITIS PREPARATIONS:-The Grandest Remedies of the Age for all kinds of animals, from a Pigeon to a Prize Bull. GRANUMA, FODAH, HOMAH:-Finest Food Preparations known to man. GRANUMA for Porridge. FODAH for Puddings. HOMAH, Self-raising Flour. WE ARE THE LARGEST DISTRIBUTORS OF TEAS South of the Line. FOR THE ISLAND TRADE: -Special Blends of Teas prepared. SPECIAL QUOTATIONS & SUPPLIES FOR PROVIDORES, &c. Teas, Coffees, Spices, Peppers, Essences, Sauces, Pickles, Meals, Rice, Dried Fruits, Jams, Baking and Curry Powders, Wines and Spirits, &c. Agents for Fauerheerd & Co., Oporto; J. Pemartin & Co., Xeres ; Robt. Whitham & Co., Bordeaux ; Low, Robertson & Co., Leith; Grants, Craig Mills. Dundee; 'atural Food Products Co., Sydney ; The National Manufactur- ing Co., Sydney ; for Electric Cleanser Soap, &c., and many others. Sole Proprietors of the Famous Billy Tea, Iota, Goldenia, and other well-known blends. White Heather Whisky, &c., &c., &c. BURNS, PHILP & COMPANY'S (Ltd.) 45 The Solomon Islands. THE SOLOMON ISLANDS were discovered by Mendaña, the Spanish explorer, in 1567. The voyager named the group in the belief that he had found the source of King Solomon's wealth, although upon what grounds it is difficult to say, for there were neither pine nor cedar, hewn stones nor precious stones, gold nor brass to be seen at that time ; and even now that traces of the metals have been discovered, the quantity is not sufficient to support the theory that Solomon obtained his huge supplies from this part of the world. Captain Carteret, of the “Swallow,” visited the islands after they had lain for 200 years untouched by European feet, and he was closely followed, in 1768, by Bougainville, whose name is given to one of the larger islands. The subsequent history of the Solomons is stained with the blood of many voyagers, traders, and missionaries. In 1851 the owner of the yacht “Wanderer” was killed on the south coast of Guadalcanar, and in 1896, on the same island, the ill-fated Baron Norbeck von Foullon and several members of the expedition conveyed there by the Austrian gunboat, “Alba- tros,” were slaughtered. In 1857 some French priests were murdered on the islands of Ysabel and San Christoval while endeavouring to found mis- sions. At Rubiana, Messrs. Guy and Atkinson met their death at the hands of the ruthless head-hunters. In 1880 Lieutenant Bower, R.N., of H.M.S. “Sandfly,” was, together with several of his boat's crew, killed on the island of Mandoliana by a head-hunting party of the Florida natives ; and nearly every part of the group has its own scene of violent and sud- den deaths. Warships of several nations have visited and shelled the villages of the offenders, and now matters are gradually improving, though an occasional outbreak and attack tends to make the traders most careful for their safety. ISLAND LINE OF STEAMERS. 46 BURNS, PHILP & COMPANY'S (Ltd.) The inhabitants are said to be Papuans, but the most casual observer cannot fail to be struck by the remarkable variations in type met with during a run through the group. Resident traders can tell at a glance which island produced any “nigger ” picked out from the mixed crowds found in the coastal villages or in the vicinity of the trading stations. The Buka and Bougainville boys are Melanesians, intensely black, as though polished with blacklead, and have close, curly hair. The Malaita boys are Polynesians, reddish in colour, with straight hair, generally bleached to an auburn shade, worn long, and combed out into an “aureole.” The Rubiana natives are of the Malay type, cruel, thin- W. H. Lucas. Simbo, Solomons. lipped savages, with aquiline noses, black-skinned, lithe and agile. The Guadalcanar boys are light brown in colour, happy and good-natured, and generally tractable, although the hill tribes bear a most evil reputa- tion for treachery and murderous instinct. hunters, though in the districts more frequently visited, and especially in the vicinity of the Commissioner's residence, they are abandoning their old habits. At the present day, however, the chiefs of Rendova, Vella Lavella, and New Georgia make raids upon the less warlike tribes of Head Office - BURNS, PHILP & COMPANY'S (Ltd.) sun-shades, made of woven palm leaf, three-cornered in shape, and coquettishly “raked,” the abundant curly hair filling the place of a crown. REPOSITORY for Head-hunters' Trophies (Skulls of Prisoners and their Wealth taken during Raids). W. H. Lucas. Simbo, Solomons. Their canoes are graceful and light, built of planks sewn together with plaited fibre, the seams caulked with the pounded kernel of the tita, or putty nut, which is abundant throughout the group, and they do not make use of the outrigger, so general in the islands both to the N.W. and S. About four hours' coasting along a succession of small islands brings us to the entrance of Blackett Strait, a deep, clear channel between Kulambangra and Wana Wana islands. The former island is 16 miles long by 13 miles broad, and has two lofty peaks, each 5,000 feet in height. It is a beautiful sight to watch the white mists drifting up to the summit of these immense peaks, whose heights appear all the greater from the fact that they rise almost directly from the sea. The scenery along this winding channel is very charming. The dense forest extends to the very edge of the shore, and masses of foliage in varied shades of green, red and brown droop over, dipping into the violet water. Head Office- ISLAND LINE OF STEAMERS. 49 Then comes the “Back Passage," between Wana Wana and New Georgia. This is a narrow opening, not wider than the ship’s length in some places, but ten fathoms deep, and walled in by perpendicular, sub- marine coral cliffs, fringed with fantastic growths of a thousand shapes and shades of colour. White cockatoos fly screaming across the strait, scarlet and green parrots noisily invest the tall trees, while the great island pigeon croons his monotonous call from the hidden depths of the forest. Occasionally the shy crocodile may be seen swimming in the ILIUM W. H. Lucas. Native House, Solomons. distance, but he is too cautious to allow the sportsman to get within gunshot. As the passage widens, great shallow patches and low, mud-coloured reefs are seen, and the steamer creeps through the dangerous and twist- ing channel at “dead slow." Then deep water is reached, and at full speed again the steamer proceeds along inside the great barrier reef which lies to the eastward of New Georgia, to Rubiana. 10 Bridge Street, Sydney. BURNS, PHILP & COMPANY'S (Ltd.) RUBIANA. Here there are two trading stations, Mr. Norman Wheatley's, on the main island, and Mr. Frank Wickham's, on a small island close to the shore. Mr. Wickham's island is only a few acres in extent, but it is thickly covered with cocoanut palms; and his stores and dwelling-houses are placed on the side facing the shore in such a snugly-sheltered spot that, during the north-west season, when the gales are howling over the island, the owner can sit on his verandah and watch the storm sweeping along on either side, while he remains in perfect shelter and comfort. W. H. Lucas. Chief's Tomb, Rubiana. Mr. Wheatley is engaged in clearing some of the level country behind his station for cocoanut planting. The soil is covered with thick growth, and full of great coral rocks, so it is no light undertaking to clear it ; but already he has a fair area planted with young trees. As soon as the ground is cleared, sweet potatoes are planted with the view of prevent- ing the growth of new scrub, an object which is effectually carried out by that succulent and saccharine tuber. Head Office- 52 BURNS, PHILP & COMPANY'S (Ltd.) This is rolled up tightly and inserted, so that, by expanding, it exerts a constant outward pressure on the cartilage, which, in some cases, is forced out until the aperture is 772 inches in diameter-a mere thread of brown gristle hanging down to the shoulder ! Here also there is a manufactory, where the clam shell armlets are turned out. The natives take the very largest clams obtainable, and with a cross-cut saw (made of a piece of hoop iron) cut out blocks of solid shell, two natives sawing while another pours water on the block. Before hoop iron became available, these blocks were rubbed down laboriously on sandstone. Even now the process of rounding the sawn blocks is carried out in this way, the native squatting on his heels and grinding away for hours, rubbing the blocks on large, flat pieces of sandstone lying in fresh water. When the block is accurately rounded, a hole is drilled about an inch from the outer edge, and the core is cut out by a bow saw, the blade of which is fibre. Of course, this takes an immensity of time and numerous renewals of fibre. The ring is now about 7 inches in diameter, 1/2 inches in depth, and 1 inch in thickness. This is carefully sawn into two rings, and then the fining down and polishing commences. This may occupy one or two months, according to the skill and energy of the operator, and at last the armlet is finished, rounded outside, and straight inside. These armlets are highly prized by the natives of adjoining islands, and it takes a very large offer in trade tobacco or calico to induce them to part with their treasured ornaments. King Gamu, the Rubiana chief, wears nine on each arm, and they are tambu, or sacred to his Majesty's person-nothing will induce him to part with them. The price current in cash or trade at the manufactory is from 35 to 6s, according to size and finish. There is another larger ornament cut near the hinge of the shell, showing a yellow transparent patch upon it, that is very highly prized indeed, actually forming the most valuable article of barter known in the islands, as much as £ 1 worth of goods being exchanged for a fine specimen. Only the wealthiest natives can aspire to the possession of such an ornament, and it is carefully “served” with strips of red calico, covering about three parts of the circlet, but leaving the prized yellow patch uncovered. It is slung round the neck by a string of beads, and allowed to hang on the breast. There is a great canoe house close to Mr. Wheatley's station, in which the war canoes have been laid up for so many years that it is doubtful whether they would float now if placed in the water. The front post of this house is adorned with a small wooden god, and a number of votive offerings are attached beneath him. This post is tambu, and though Head Office- ROSSSC RUBELFAST BELFA 46 GINGER ALE GAUSE. RUBELFASNU GINGER ALE ELAND UNGEN EFFECT Agents : BURNS, PHILP & COMPANY, LIMITED, And Branches. 10 Bridge Street, Sydney. ISLAND LINE OF STEAMERS. 59 of trees on one side of the island. Paw-paw trees, loaded with fruit, and a few young cocoanuts are scattered over the cleared ground, and the station buildings, stores, and the ubiquitous copra house occupy the remainder of the island. The hulk of a large schooner lying on the beach, and the gentle swell breaking on a small outlying reef, complete the scene, and make it one of the most picturesque imaginable. Some miles down the coast of Guadalcanar is AOLA, another of the Pacific gems-a small island station belonging to Captain W. Pope, lying off the coast of Guadalcanar. On the “ mainland,” just opposite Aola, lies a plantation belonging to Captain Svenson, where W. H. Lucas. Captain W. Pope's Station, Aola, Solomons. cocoanuts are being extensively planted, and a nursery for raising coffee plants has recently been established. The flat upon which this planta- tion is situated extends for many miles along the eastern coast of Guadalcanar, and varies from one to seven miles in width. Although at present somewhat heavily timbered, it offers a splendid field for any capitalist who is prepared to expend a little money in clearing and plant- ing. Here the cocoanut will pay handsomely in the fifth year after planting, and will steadily increase in value up to the tenth year, from which time onwards it yields its regular returns. In the meantime, while waiting for the cocoanut crop to commence paying, coffee, vanilla, 10 Bridge Street, Sydney. 60 BURNS, PHILP & COMPANY'S (Ltd.) maize, and other more rapidly-maturing crops can be put in, and ground may be prepared for rubber, which, undoubtedly, will form a splendid paying industry ere long. It is, indeed, surprising that such a magnificent country as this has been so long neglected. True, the natives have been, and still are, a troublesome factor to be reckoned with; but their claws are rapidly being cut, and every fresh settler furthers the work of civilisation and reclamation. Within easy reach of Sydney, and now regularly served by improved, and ever improving, steam communication, the Solomon Islands must, in the near future, become a most important producing country, yielding wealth to the spirited and adventurous settlers who early proceed to develop its resources. There are two other ports of call in the Solomons, MARAU SOUND being the next after leaving Aola. This is a really beautiful spot, lying between the south-east corner of Guadalcanar and the other great island of San Cristoval. Captain Svenson has his head station here, and sends out his schooner and cutters to trade throughout a large portion of the group. The sound is formed by numerous small islands and coral reefs, with many deep passages between them. The hills, valleys and islands of Marau Sound are all densely wooded with lofty, dark-foliaged trees. UGI, the final point touched in the Solomon Group, lies four and a half miles northward of San Cristoval ; it is an island six miles in length by two and a half in breadth, and rising to an elevation of 500 feet. With the exception of a bay on the south-west side, it is surrounded by a fringing reef. There are several villages on the island, the population being estimated at six or seven hundred. The tourist of a sporting turn of mind will find immense numbers of the island pigeons at most places visited by the steamer. Naturalists can positively revel in the study of birds, bats, 'land and marine shells ; while botanists can find a wide field for study in the densely-wooded islands. Collectors of native weapons and curios may accumulate vast quantities of the elaborately-carved and ornamented spears and arrows of Bougainville, which form objects of barter in many parts of the group. The wonderful clubs, carved and inlaid with mother-o'-pearl, are somewhat scarce and high in price, but well worth the money asked for them. Fishing is not very good, as the use of dynamite has done much harm to the legitimate pastime. Fortunately its use has now been prohibited, and ere long the supply of fish will doubtless be plentiful again. Head Office- ISLAND LINE OF STEAMERS. 61 Santa Cruz Group. A few hundred miles to the south-east lies Santa Cruz Island. the largest of the Santa Cruz group, and another of those islands connected with the early Spanish expeditions. En route we have passed close to a few small tracts of land in mid-ocean, the Swallow group, the Duff group, and the Reef Islands being amongst them. In connection with Reef Island Natives and Canoe. the Reef Islands there is an authenticated story which goes to indicate the extraordinary endurance of the native. A small party of natives were wrecked on the islands, and fearing that if they encountered the residents they would be murdered, they decided to make for Santa Cruz, which they believed could not be far away. Their canoe had, however, 10 Bridge Street, Sydney. 62 BURNS, PHILP & COMPANY'S (Ltd.) been lost, and they determined to make an attempt to swim the distance. This they succeeded in doing, and they reached a trader's station on the beach after having been 60 hours in the water. They were absolutely exhausted, and were just able to crawl upon the beach and fling them- selves on the sand. Here they were discovered by the trader, and tended. It is fortunate they were found almost immediately they landed, for it is a peculiarity of these people that, while they will welcome the new arrival who comes laden with provisions, they give but short shrift to the unfortunate who, having been the sport of the waves for some days, is thrown destitute amongst them. Carlisle Bay, the first landing place on the island, is one of the historic spots of the western Pacific, for it was here that Commodore Goodenough lost his life in 1875. The cross that marks the scene of the fatal assault on him can be seen as the vessel steams up the bay. An attack had been made on H.M.S. “Sand- fly” in the previous year, and, consequently, when Goodenough arrived here in the “Pearl,” he was on his guard. A canoe put off to meet the war vessel, bearing on board presents of food and other things, and, in view of these peace-offerings, the Commodore decided to land. He and his party remained on shore for the greater part of an hour, and just as they were seating themselves in their boat to return, a native from between two houses fired at the Commodore and struck him in the side. The boat pushed off, and a flight of arrows was sent after it two of the seamen being struck, and the Commodore receiving a second wound- this time in the head. The wounds were not considered serious at first, and the officer wrote an official account of the fray after his return to the ship. But, as usual, the arrows were poisoned ; tetanus set in, and on the ninth day Goodenough and two of the men died. Times have changed since then, and though the Santa Cruz native does not com- prehend English very well, he has now a friendly welcome for every British ship. The spirit of trade is strong in him, and as the ship steams to her anchoring ground a score of canoes will be seen coming towards her, the boys pulling with great energy in their endeavours to be first on the spot. In the manufacture of native weapons and curios generally, they stand far above the Hebrideans, their canoes, paddles and spears being exquisitely formed, and their mat and basket work being a marvel of neatness. The poisoned arrows are now only an article of commerce with them, though they are still tipped with the neatly-carved human bone which renders a puncture from them so dangerous. The scene around Carlisle Bay is exquisite. The vessel steers straight for the broad river, which empties itself into the bay, and one can see up its straight course for a mile. A little care needs to be exercised, should the traveller Head Office- ISLAND LINE OF STEAMERS. 63 Spot where Commodore Goodenough was attacked in 1875. Santa Cruz. 10 Bridge Street, Sydney. 67 BURNS, PHILP & COMPANY'S (Ltd.) feel inclined for a stroll inland, for the crocodile is common on the banks of the rivers and creeks. A picturesque little islet is right alongside the vessei as she lies at anchor, and on the other side the land sweeps round in a graceſul curve, the whole foreground being studded with the stately palm, and the lofty back-ground of hills clothed in the richest green. This is one of the many islands over which a British protectorate has lately been established. One cannot help feel- ing a pleasure that it has practically come under English control, if it had nothing to recommend it but its beauty ; but in addition to the æsthetic aspect of the case, one cannot but think that the day will come when it is destined also to be a source of wealth. Round the island a little from Carlisle Bay, we have another anchorage in Graciosa Bali the spot where Mendaña founded his ill-fated colony nearly three centuries ago. muries ago. It was on the 18th May, 1898, that Captain Williams-Freeman, of H.M.S. “Mohawk,” hoisted the Union Jack in the village of Malue, Graciosa Bay, on the island of Ndeni or Santa Cruz. This was the first of the nineteen separate islands or groups annexed by the “Mohawk” and“ Goldfinch” between 18th May and 20th July, 1898. The inhabitants of the Santa Cruz group are a merry, light-hearted lot, very mixed as regards origin, for both Polynesian and Micronesian types are found together, with intermediate shades in red, brown, and black- brown. Notwithstanding their genial manners, they have rather a bad reputation, derived from the numerous murders of white people in their islands. Even now that missionary influence and the visits of trading white people and also instilled a wholesome fear of their powers into their dusky breasts, it is not safe to venture too freely into the bush or to trust the natives to any great extent. They are skilful weavers, and produce mats and bags, woven on looms, of the most beautiful and intricate patterns in black, red and white fibre. It is remarkable to note to what an extent the triangle, equilateral or acute angled, enters into their ornamentation. This is particularly noticeable in connection with an interesting “curio,” of which plenty can be obtained at a very low price. It consists of a club, about two feet six inches in length, the upper half of which is shaped like a banana, and painted in black and red on a white lime-washed ground, with fantastic figures, in which the triangle predominates, while circles and zig-zag patterns diversify the whole. The great peculiarity, however, is that no two of these clubs are adorned with exactly the same pattern. A fringe of long ribbon-like fibre is placed round the centre, Head Office - Advertisement71 Advertisement. . BURNS, PHILP & COMPANY, LIMITED * Island Merchants. STEAMERS TRADING TO ALL ISLANDS Throughout the Western Pacific. All Descriptions of Produce Purchased. Large and well-assorted Stocks of Trade Goods carried on board the Trading Steamers, and on hand at the various Depots throughout the Islands. . . For full particulars, apply to HEAD OFFICE, 10 BRIDGE STREET, SYDNEY. Advertisements. ROBERTSON'S WHISKY, VICKER'S DRY GIN. In Bulk and Bottle. * * SANDEMAN'S Imported PORTS and SHERRIES. !!! !! !! .... . . 09 PITUUL UUN!! MOOIWTTTY ITITO Sandeman * * * * * OTOOOOOOOOOOOO - seeeeeee ee dese TTTTTTTTTTTT MODULILISHA OSO B OLSAS VITATII Wine and Spirit Merchant, 241 PITT ST. PINET, CASTILLON & CO.'S BRANDIES. BEUKER'S GENEVA and SANDEMAN'S AUSTRALIAN WINES. SCHNAPPS. BURNS, PHILP & COMPANY'S (Ltd.) 75 British New Guinea. The discovery of the island of New Guinea is attributed to Antonio d'Abreu and Francisco Serrao, who sighted it in 1511 ; but the first man from the Old World who landed there was Dom Jorge de Menezes, who wintered in the neighbourhood of Geelvink Bay, on the occasion of his attempt to reach the Moluccas from Malacca by a new route round Borneo, in 1526. Two years later Saavedra (who called it Isla de Oro) sailed along the north coast of the island. In 1545 one of the captains under the Spanish navigator, Villalobos, by name Ortiz de Retes, gave it its present name of New Guinea. The earliest published map on which New Guinea is delineated appeared in Linschotens' book of East Indian voyages, in 1595, the source of information being Portuguese. It is from Lemaire and Schouten, the Dutch navigators, that we obtain the earliest information of the north and north-east coasts of New Guinea. These men, in 1616, discovered and traced a considerable portion of the coast towards and westward of Cape D'Urville. In 1700 Dampier, the hardy. old buccaneer, also saw a portion of the country to the west of the cape, and in 1705 Jacob Weyland, in command of a Dutch expedition, discovered and mapped out the deep indentations on the northern coast, which he named Geelvink Bay, after one of his ships. Captain Forrest, in a little vessel of 10 tons belonging to the East India Company, visited the north coast in 1774, and in 1794 Captain McCluer arrived on the north-west coast to succour the survivors of an attempted settle- ment by Captain Hayes of the East India Company's ship, “ Batavia.” D’Entrecasteaux, in 1792-3, and D'Urville, in 1827, also sailed a considerable distance along the coast, the latter navigator giving his name to the cape already mentioned. The Spanish navigator, Luiz Vaez de Torres, in 1606, reached, in the frigate “ La Almirante,” the Louisiade Archipelago, which he called the beginning of New Guinea, but being unable to weather the easternmost point of land (Cape Deliverance), he bore away westward along its southern shores to the strait which bears his name. It was M. De Bougainville who, in June, 1768, made the south coast of New Guinea, and, working to windward along this new land (as he thought it to be), doubled its eastern point, which was significantly called Cape Deliverance. The next addition to our knowledge of the coast was made in August, 1791, by Captain ISLAND LINE OF STEAMERS. 76 BURNS, PHILP & COMPANY'S (Ltd.) Edwards, in H.M.S. “Pandora,” shortly before she was wrecked on the Barrier Reef of Queensland, when returning from Tahiti with some of the mutineers of the “Bounty.” In the year 1792, Captains Bligh and Portlock, in the “Providence” and “ Assistant,” carrying breadfruit from Tahiti to the West Indies, saw, on their way to Torres Strait, a portion of the south coast of New Guinea, extending about 80 miles to the west and north of Cape Rodney. During his voyage in search of the unfortunate La Perouse, in 1793, Rear Admiral Bruny D’Entrecas- teaux came in sight of Rossel Island, and passed Yeina, Misima, the Renard, Bonvouloir and D’Entrecasteaux Islands, which was the earliest knowledge obtained of the north portion of the Louisiade Archipelago. Messrs. Bampton and Alt, in 1793, M. Rault Coutance, in 1804, and Captain J. Dumont D'Urville, with the French corvettes “L’Astrolabe” and “ La Zelée,” in 1840, all made discoveries on the south coast of the island. The latter navigator, during seven days, made a running survey extending over a space 450 miles in length without anchoring or com- municating with any of the inhabitants. The south coast of New Guinea and the Louisiade Archipelago were surveyed from time to time by Captain Blackwood (1845), Lieutenant C. B. Yule (1846), and Captain Owen Stanley (1849-50). In 1874, Lieutenant L. S. Dawson, R.N., Admiralty Surveyor, attached to H.M.S. “ Basilisk” (Captain J. Moresby), partially surveyed the D’Entrecasteaux Islands and the coast from East Cape to Cape King William ; while subsequent surveys of the south-east coast, including the China and Goschen Straits, have been made by Lieutenants Field and Pullen of H.M. ships “ Dart” and “ Lark.” Some pains have been taken here, possibly at the risk of trying the reader's patience, to mention the names of those old mariners and explorers who were the first to give the world any account of this wonderful island, for the reason that the visitor to New Guinea will everywhere be confronted with points of interest which have been chris- tened after the first discoverers, and therefore will assume an interest which otherwise they might not possess. For instance, the names D'Urville, “Geelvink,” D’Entrecasteaux, Torres, Bougainville and “L’Astrolabe” will be constantly met with by the voyageur in the coral seas as applied to capes, bays, islands, straits, and other features of the journey. The Dutch Government first supported, and then eventually assumed as Suzerains, the claim of a Moluccan ruler, the Sultan of Fidore, who had long held sway over the extreme western portion of New Guinea and some districts in the vicinity of Geelvink Bay, then known as Papua. From time to time these people have sent small exploring expeditions to Head Office- ISLAND LINE OF STEAMERS. 79 island, situated on the extreme west of British New Guinea, has been ascended by a steam launch for a distance of some 500 miles. The highest known point of land in the possession is the summit of Mount Victoria, the culminating point of the Owen-Stanley Range, which is over 13,000 feet high. Of the numerous islands which belong to the possession, the majority are lofty in comparison with their size. Most of them are well timbered, but some, like Kiriwina and Nada, are coralline and flat. Rev. Dr. Brown. Geyser, Ferguson Island, New Guinea. Much could be written of the administration of this wonderful island —of the brief sway of Sir Peter Scratchley and the Hon. Jno. Douglas, and of the magnificent services performed by the retiring Lieutenant- Governor, Sir William MacGregor, who ruled this delightful people so wisely and so well during the ten years that the British Empire has held sovereign sway over them. Interesting matter could be made of the special laws laid down for the regulation of the natives, and pages could be filled with authentic accounts of hand-to-hand scrimmages which Sir William MacGregor, Captain Butterworth, the Commandant of Police, and other Government officers have had with rebellious tribes about the Fly and Mambare Rivers, in which “ blood and hair” incidents are 10 Bridge Street, Sydney. 80 BURNS, PHILP & COMPANY'S (Ltd.) - - ----- -- common ; but then, space is limited, and readers interested in these narratives are referred to the archives of the Government Printer's Department for the details, together with the true and particular account of the amount of copra, pearl-shell, beche-de-mer and gold sent away from these shores from year to year. PORT MORESBY. A dark indigo sea, with a belt of palest green where the deep waters are shoaled by coral reefs near the shore, forms a lovely foreground as the ship approaches the settlement of Port Moresby, the seat of Govern- ment and port of entry for the central portion of British New Guinea. W. H. Lucas. Port Moresby, New Guinea. The sun-kissed waves ripple on a stretch of yellow sand, and further on a fringe of deep olive-green foliage marks the mangrove swamps that lie at the foot of the coastal range, undulating and rugged. In the back- ground, fading away in a glorious sun-lit haze, rises the impassable Owen-Stanley Range, the backbone of Eastern New Guinea, its cloud- blurred peaks towering skyward to a height of some 13,000 feet or more, with Mount Victoria faintly indicated against a pale blue canopy miles Head Office- ISLAND LINE OF STEAMERS. 83 always be hired at Port Moresby, it is one of the easiest and most pleasant things in the world to take a run into the mountains. From the brow of Warirata the prospect is unsurpassingly sublime. On the one hand you have the rolling ocean dotted with innumerable lovely little islands and sparkling in the summer sun, and on the land is a great undulating valley, threaded by the Brown, Laloki, Goldie and many other large rivers, rising on the other side into that wonderful chain of mountains, the Owen-Stanley range, which, rising tier above tier from the lower heights, at length reaches the top of that ponderous looking mass, Mount Victoria, 13,000 feet above the sea. The summit of this mountain, rising far above the clouds, was reached by Sir William MacGregor some years ago, and on that occasion he found icicles and hoar frost on the ground, but no snow. Descending again from the heights to the lowlands, a couple of weeks could be very pleasantly put in at the Laloki River and the big lagoons near it. On the “Big ” Lagoon, as it is called, about seven miles from port, are to be found millions of wild fowl of every description, and a boat in which to reach them, whilst in the woods near at hand there are wallaby, pig, cassowary, goura pigeons of all sizes and colours, parrots, cockatoos to be had in plenty, and, occasionally, a bird of Paradise is met with, although he is gradually being driven further inland. The many islands in the vicinity are well worthy of a visit, and a sailing boat with a native crew can usually be obtained at very reasonable rates. Fairfax Harbour is another place of interest, and somewhat reminds one of Sydney Cove. An island in this harbour is the home of thousands of Torres Straits pigeons. Then there are the native villages to be considered. The cry is usually, “The black man must go,” but here, since the advent of the white man, a village of 700 souls has risen to 1,200 since 1890. There are many villages round Port Moresby, principal among which are Hanuabada, Tanuabada and Elevara. The natives living at Hanu- abada, Koitapu and Elevara, the three villages by the sea near Port Moresby, all belong to the Motuan tribe, and speak the Motuan dialect. They are a peaceful, contented tribe, now living in perfect harmony, though years ago they were the most formidable pirates on the coast. Their depredations used to extend as far as Yule Island, 60 miles away to the south-east, and almost as far in an opposite direction. There was a perpetual feud between these people and the Motu Motuans for many years, until they had each eventually stolen so many women belonging to the other tribe that the inter-marrying brought about a sort of truce, and they agreed to combine for their mutual protection against the hill tribes, which 10 Bridge Street, Sydney. ISLAND LINE OF STEAMERS. on closer inspection, turns out to be a group of cocoanut-covered islands dotted about the sea. White schooners, belonging to the traders and pearl- fishers, are riding at anchor in the China Channel, and far in the distance in the golden scintillating haze, dark sails indicate the presence of native canoes and catamarans darting to and fro among the coral islands like huge sea-birds riding on the crest of the waves. Slowly the ship is brought up to the wharf, and then, tumbling over the side, laughing and chattering, come the happy-go-lucky natives, bent on barter, or, possibly, only attracted by idle curiosity, until the deck is crowded with little knots of picturesque figures, and the air is full of pigeon English, the rattle of chains, the whirr of winches, and the straining of hawsers. “A Paradise of palms, set in a sapphire sea,” exactly describes Samarai, the native penal settlement and the port of eniry for the eastern portion of British New Guinta. As far as the eye can wander over the tiny island, which is only about four cables long by two and a half wide, and culminates in a cone-shaped hill in the centre, everywhere is the graceful cocoanut palm, waving in the sunlight and casting its sombre shadows on the pineapples and crotons beneath. Girt by a fringing coral reef, which, but for a break of about 300 yards on the north-west side, completely surrounds it, the island, nevertheless, possesses a good anchorage, where a fine vessel, of the “Moresby" type, can lie easily against the wharf, there being a depth of 20 feet at low water at this place. The port can also be approached by five or six different channels. The tides in the China' Strait about Samarai are very strong, and are subject to considerable diurnal inequality, the phenomena connected with them being apparently irregular with regard to time, height and velocity. There are no native villages on the island, and the principal buildings comprise the magistrate's quarters, customs house, post office and bond, the gaol, church, quarters for the constabulary, two stores and three licensed hotels. All the walks and avenues on the island are beauti- fully kept, and resemble a lovely private park more than a public village. Owing to the fact that Samarai is the head-quarters of the pearling industry in New Guinea, and is also the port of call for miners who are continually going to and coming from the Mambare and Sudest goldfields, the population of course fluctuates a good deal, but the regular European settlement is very small, not exceeding 20 souls, all told. About three or four days' stay is usually made at this lovely port, which enables the sight-seer to visit the neighbouring islands, on which many native villages abound. The most pleasurable way of getting about is by means of a native canoe, which, with “boys" to carry 10 Bridge Street, Sydney. 92 BURNS, PHILP & COMPANY'S (Ltd.) one's guns, cameras, &c., can be hired for a trifling sum, and which is placed at the command of the traveller and his party during the stay of the steamer. There are so many points of interest that it is difficult, off hand, to decide which shall be visited first, though the matter will most likely be settled by a challenge from the Reverend Abel, the head of the London Missionary Society's Mission at Quato, for an eleven of the ship to play a cricket match against his “boys.” Should such an invitation arrive, take the advice of one who has been there, and give your sailing orders for Quato, for though you will possibly get a sound Sariba, near Samarai, B.N.G. thrashing at the game, you will have such a good day's fun that you will reckon your time well spent. Sariba (or Hayter) Island, which is about three or four miles from Samarai, and divided from the south-eastern extremity of New Guinea by the China Strait, will well repay a visit. There are on this island—which is about five miles long by two and a half miles broad-a large number of native villages, the inhabitants being a delightfully friendly and interesting people, living in the most picturesque of dwellings, and ready to join in any fun that may be going. Head Office- ISLAND LINE OF STEAMERS. down from ancient centuries, point to some sacred observances, now forgotten, that were in vogue years ago, although time has altered their meaning, and they have lost all religious significance. They are very superstitious and somewhat mercenary, and it is quite a common · thing for one tribe to be subsidised by another to provide wind, rain and plentiful harvests from land and sea. Should a man be sick or die, it is obvious to his relatives that he has been invisibly speared by some earthly foe. Should no fish nor wallaby fall to their snares or spears, a breach of contract on the part of some local sorcerer accounts for the bad luck. To such simple causes as the above many of the old-time inter-tribal wars might have been traced, and, indeed, their deep-rooted superstitions are accountable for much trouble at the present day. Their ideas about a future state are very vague and visionary, though, as with the Chinese, it is no uncommon custom for food to be placed beside their graves to support the dead during the long journey to the great hereafter. Feasting, dancing, natioral chants and, occasionally, cannibalistic luxuries usurp with these people the functions and religious ceremonies common with more civilised races. Their dubus, or carved pillar temples, are, presumably, associated with religious or, rather, superstitious conceptions; but so far as has been ascertained, at least they have no heathen god. Like most super- stitious people, the Papuans are great believers in charms, and many of them always wear a number of these strange ornamenis about their persons. The fighting charm of the north-east coast native is made of boars' cusks, standing out from an oval-shaped framework of string worn round the face, and kept in position by a kind of bit which is held firmly between their teeth. In their war-paint of red and white, with their lips saturated with the red juice of the betel, to say nothing of this weird sort of frame, their faces present a most ferocious and revolting appear- ance. The war charm, of course, affords them immunity from wounds and death during the battle, just as the love charm is supposed to make the wearer irresistible in the eyes of the fair sex. One man, a native of the Taburi tribe, showed a visitor a charm, by the aid of which he said he had married "three fellow mary” (three wives), but judging from the readiness with which he parted from it for a tomahawk, it would appear that with him marriage had proved a failure. The natives are all keen sportsmen, and many of the mountain tribes are expert in the use of spear, bow and sling, while those on the coast excel in boat craft, fishing, and aquatics generally. Strange to say, the mountaineers are nearly all unable to swim. As one gets 10 Bridge Street, Sydney. 98 Advertisements... Contractor to the Imperial and New South Wales Governments. JOHN W. EATON, Pioneer Steam Saw and TIMBER and GALVANISED IRON MERCHANT. Joinery Works, NORTH SYDNEY. Large Stocks of Foreign and Colonial Timber always in Stock at Lowest Rates. Timber for Boat and Ship Builders a Speciality. All classes of Joinery and Turnery made on the premises Burns, Philp & Company, LIMITED, For EVERYTHING. Steamship Owners and Agents, Merchants, Importers, Exporters. Entrust all your Orders, Commissions, etc., to ensure satisfaction, to BURNS, PHILP & COMPANY, Limited, 10 BRIDGE STREET, SYDNEY. Or at the various Branches and Agencies. ISLAND LINE OF STEAMERS. 101 IOI W. H. Lucas. Mission Station of the Sacred Heart, Herbertshohe, New Britain. (Natives Swimming off to the Trading Steamer). 10 Bridge Street, Sydney. ISLAND LINE OF STEAMERS. 103 -- ---- Blanche Bay, the greatest distance inland penetrated by a white man is 12 miles. This distance was travelled in August, 1898, by a party con- sisting of some officers and men of H.I.G M.S. “Falke,” Mr. Forsayth and the Rev. Mr. Fellnian, accompanied by a number of native servants. Some of the hill tribes were encountered, and amongst them were many who had never before seen a white man. The coast natives are a happy.looking, lightly-clad lot of betel- chewers. From the children of six or seven up to the old men and women, all have their “kit,” consisting of a supply of betel nut, areca, and lime pot, and it is positively appalling to see the smile of an open- countenanced boy whose teeth, gums and tongue are stained a brilliant crimson with the juice of his combination chew. Long indulgence in the practice eventually blackens the teeth, and certainly the habit does not tend to improve the personal appearance of the betel-chewers. For clothing, a strip of bright-coloured calico, either twisted round the waist or fastened with a belt, is deemed sufficient by the adults, the children contenting themselves with the circumambient atmosphere, which, in all conscience, is warm enough. Earrings, nose-bars, neck- laces, armlets and anklets are also worn, but rather for the purposes of ornament than as articles of clothing. The armlet serves also to hold the pipe and tobacco, though, in default of an armlet, they are occasion- ally stuck behind the ear. Their canoes are handy affairs, furnished with outriggers, and the larger ones are fitted with sails. A native and canoe can be hired for a few sticks of tobacco, and an enjoyable sail is to run across to Awurruwa, or round the island to the strange volcanic islet, the Beehive, which was shot up from the bottom of the bay in 1878. It is now covered with grass and small trees, but its sides are so steep as to be practically inaccessible. The excursionist with a tendency towards the accumulation of native curios will find plenty of material obtainable in exchange for strong trade tobacco, gay calico, or sordid cash. The kanakas are all suffi- ciently sophisticated to drive a hard bargain, and will generally demand a higher price than they are prepared eventually to accept. Reckless purchases by eager tourists and the officers of war vessels have tended 10 give the natives an extravagant idea of the value of some of their wares, so that, except for the fun of doing an independent deal with a child of Nature, it is preferable to purchase curios from the white traders, who will be found to have a larger and more varied stock. The natives are in the habit of offering their goods piecemeal, carefully concealing the extent of their holdings, and exposing only one object at a time. If 10 Bridge Street, Sydney. ISLAND LINE OF STEAMERS. 105 this does not meet with approval, it is reluctantly withdrawn, and another slowly drawn from its hiding place in the bottom of the canoe. Young boys and women, with no stock-in-trade, will persistently “cadge" for tobacco, but withal in such a pleading way and with such good-humoured smiles that it is difficult to resist their solicitations. They all smoke, even to the toddling infant, and it is no uncommon sight to see a two- year-old, slung in a cloth on its mother's hip, after a drink from Nature's fount, reach up and take a dirty clay pipe from the maternal lips and enjoy a postprandial whiff. The islands form a most interesting hunting ground for the naturalist, birds being plentiful and of considerable variety. There are flocks of large scarlet and green parrots, called kalunga by the natives ; pigeons, bell-birds, large brown birds with harsh notes, onomatopeically desig- nated kurukuk in the vernacular ; hornbills, and numbers of that remarkable and interesting bird, the megapode. This is a scrub- dwelling hen, slightly larger than a pigeon, with -as its name implies - large and powerful feet. It scratches a hole about 2 feet in depth in the warm volcanic sand, deposits its huge brown egg - larger than a duck's egg - covers it up, and leaves it to be hatched by the warmth of the earth. The young bird emerges fully fledged, able to fly, and prepared to do battle against the world on its own account, the mother never troubling herself about her offspring after planting the egg. As may be imagined, the eggs are exposed to the raids of many foes. The huge monitor lizards dig them out; the natives' dogs scratch them up and make kaikai (food) of them; and the kanakas themselves prize them highly as a breakfast dish, though they are rather strong in flavour to suit the European palate, except when used in making pastry. Plenty can be obtained from the natives, and it is both interesting and amusing to hatch a few, which can easily be done by placing them in a warm place for three weeks. If suitable food can be obtained, the chicks will live in captivity so long as the climate is suitable, but the cold soon kills them. Fish are not very plentiful, but a few large ones can be caught with the ordinary hook and line. The natives have a large number of balloon- shaped traps buoyed out in the bay. These are not baited in any way, but the bonito get in when endeavouring to escape from sharks. Blanche Bay is the home and breeding place of the nautilus, and other marine shells are plentiful, while the searcher after land shells can secure the services of a keen-eyed native to collect the "simall sell that stop along a leaf” for a few sticks of tobacco, though he will probably expose himself to the undisguised derision and contempt of the kanaka for spending time and valuables over articles that are “no good kaikai.” 10 Bridge Street, Sydney. TIO Advertisements. Sure Crop Seeds. We solicit a trial of our Vegetable, Flower, and other Seeds of the purest and best quality. SEND FOR OUR CATALOGUE, POST FREE SPECIAL NOTICE. We are Buyers of NEW and RARE PLANTS, ORCHIDS, PALM SEEDS, &c. Please send Samples of any thing rare, and COMMUNICATE with us at once with a view to business. SEARL & SONS, Seedsmen and Nurserymen, 86 KING STREET, SYDNEY. J. AMESS & SONS, Stevedores, Ballast & Lightermen, STEAM TUG OWNERS, 93 Sussex Street, Sydney. Contractors for the following: N.8.W. Government, Messrs. Hogg, Rcbinson & Co., Messrs. Burns, Philp & Co., Ltd. JE. Ives, Argyle Bond, A.U.S.N. Co., Ltd., Union Steam Ship Company, Ltd. Messrs. Howard Smith & Sons, Ltd. Lever Brothers, and others. Adelaide S.S. Co., Ltd. Illawarra S. N. Co., Ltd. 1 Steam Launches for Hire for Picnics, &c. II2 Advertisement. Fisher & Sons, YACHT and BLUE'S POINT, NORTH SYDNEY. BOAT BUILDERS. Builders of Yachts, Steam Launches, Island Cutters, Whale Boats, Pearling Luggers, etc., etc. Estimates given for every description of Boat and Ship Building REPAIRS ON SHORTEST NOTICE. PROMPT - - ATTENTION. BEST WORKMANSHIP GUARANTEED. PERSONAL - - SUPERVISION. Advertisement. Burns, Philp & Company LIMITED, AUSTRALIAN MERCHANTS. Importers of EUROPEAN, AMERICAN & EASTERN PRODUCE. Head Office : 10 BRIDGE ST., SYDNEY. nud UUTUUDUTULUO. SARA SALIDERIMOD DRAGOUT US AYTATOTT TTTTTTTTTTT BRANCHES: Queensland- Bowen, Brisbane, Cairns, Charters Towers, Cooktown, Normanton, Thursday Island, Townsville. Western Australia - Esperance, Fremantle, Geraldcon. British New Guinea .. Port Moresby, Samarai. AGENTS FOR THE FOLLOWING- The Ogilvie Milling Co., Winnipeg, Canada-Ogilvie's Hungarian Manitoba Hard Wheat Fiour, the finest in the world. Read Bros., Kentish Town, London -Celebrated Dog's Head Stout and Ale. W. A. Ross & Sons, Ltd., Belfast— Ross' Royal Belfast Ginger Ale, unequalled for quality. David CORSAK & Sons, Arbroath-Canvas and Twine. Manufacturers of the well-known brand “Reliance,” and qualities in Crown Extra and Navy, as supplied to H.M. Navy and Australian Governments. THE GOUREPORE Co., Ltd., Calcutta --The largest crushers of Linseed and Refiners of Oil in India. Works situated at Naihati, Bengal. H. Jones & Co., Hobart - Tasmanian Jams and Sauces, IXL brand. The English Bay CANNING Co., Ltd., Vancouver- Packers of the finest Frazer River Salmon. Lord Beaconsfield Trade Tobacco. ! Pacific- Vila, New Hebrides, Solomon Islands, Nukualofa, Tonga. IMPORTERS of Canadian Flour ; Manitoba Wheat ; American Maize ; Californian Flour, Wheat and Barley ; Mauritius, China and Queensland Sugars ; Japan, China and Rangoon Rice; Castor Oil ; China Oil; Linseed Oil ; Fish Oil ; Turpentine ; Kerosene ; White and Red Lead ; Paints and Varnish; Tinned Provisions, Fruit and Fish; Salmon (Canadian), registered brands, “ Silver Pearl ” and “ Nautilus ; " Japanese goods of all descriptions ; Calcutta Goods ; Woolpacks, Cornsacks, Bran Bags, Ore Bags. General Cable Address : LICIATUM. Aland ABC Codes may be used Burns, Philp & Company have Private Codes of every description. EXPORTERS of all kinds of Australian Produce, Copra, Wheat, Flour, Butter, Preserved Meats, &c., &c. Consignments received and arranged for. OOO ofungarian WROYAL Peral Water Factory SGLITE INV10 BELFAST GINGER ALE SALVIE REGISTERED -TERED Rear SADES REGISTE REGISTERED TABEL STRONG Aerated and Mine VGARIN BAKER SESSOYA 4. ORARI Granular s (reamy FLOOR, Has No EQUAL LORD BEACONSFIELD 22 ToBAcco : dire ---TRADE MARK * RÆCISTERED