HAND OF JAMAICA. 1893. SA 2410.87*** * * * * HARVARD COLLEGE LIBRARY Sve RT + FROM THE BEQUEST OF JOHN AMORY LOWELL CLASS OF 1815 全部的 ​2014 的 ​。。。。。 。 . HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA THE FOR 1 8 9 3: Published by Authority, COMPRISING Historical, Statistical and Erueral Loformation CONCERNING THE ISLAND. THIRTEENTH YEAR OF PUBLICATION. COMPILED FROM OFFICIAL AND OTHER RELIABLE RECORDS, BY S. P. MUSSON AND T. LAURENCE ROXBURGH (OF THE COLONIAL SECRETARY'S OFFICE). LONDON EDWARD STANDFORD, 26 AND 27 COCKSPUR STREET. S. W. JAMAICA: GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, 79 DUKE STREET, KINGSTON 1893. PRVARD COLIER JUN 10 1921 LIBRARY J. A. Lowell fund JAMAICA: GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, · KINGSTON, 79 DUKE STREBT. PREFACE TO THE EDITION OF 1893. In the present issue of the Handbook an attempt has been made to rearrange the subjects and it is hoped the improved table of Contents will add to the convenience of those who desire to refer to its pages for information. No effort has been spared to afford reliable as well as the most recent available information with regard to Public Statistics and Accounts as well as on other subjects, and the Editors take this opportunity of thanking the Secretaries and Officials of the various Societies and other institutions, and the Members of the Public Service, who have rendered them material assistance in their endeavour to do so. The recent Article by His Excellency Sir Henry A. Blake, in the North American Review has been reprinted in the hope that it may be of interest to any persons who may think of making their home in Jamaica. In a work of this kind, compiled as it is from many and various sources, errors will creep in and omissions are inevitable. The Editors will, therefore, be greatly obliged if readers of the Handbook will call atten- tion to any detected mistakes, and they will gladly receive any sugges- tions for increasing the usefulness of the work and for rendering it more accurate and reliable. KINGSTON, 1st February, 1893. CON TEN T S. Page. PART V., contd. Immigration 215 Registration of Titles . 216 Government Printing Office 217 The Institute of Jamaica 218 Board of Supervision. 222 Government Laboratory 225 PART VI. JUDICIAL AND LEGAL- Supreme Court of Judicature. 226 Barristers-at-Law 227 Advocates . 227 Solicitors . 227 Court Fees . 229 Holding of Circuit Courts 234 Appeals from the Supreme Court 234 Honduras Appeals from the Su- preme Court 235 Incumbered Estates Court 235 Admiralty Court 236 Notaries Public 237 Resident Magistrates Courts 238 Courts of Petty Sessions 252 The Magistracy 257 Administrator-General's Office : 263 Bankruptcy. 263 Judicial Statistics . 265 Criminal Statistics 270 PART VII. FINANCES, IMPORTS AND EXPORTS 272 Comparative Table of Revenue . 274 Do. do. of Expenditure 278 Details of Miscellaneous 283 283 Return of Poor Rates collected. 284 Taxpayers in the Island 285 Parochial Road Tax Trade Licenses 288 Spirit Licenses 288 Number of Horsekind, Cattle, 289 Number of Cattle on Estates and Pens 289 Imports and Exports. 290 . 13 FINANCES. IM Page. PART I. CALENDAR, ASTRONOMICAL AND METE- OROLOGICAL NOTES- Calendar The Moon's Phases , Equation of Time Sunrise and Sunset Tides on the coasts of Jamaica . Eclipses Latitude and Longitude of Kingston 12 Do. Kempshot Observatory Meteorology PART II. THE ROYAL FAMILY, THE MINISTRY, BRITISH AMBASSADORS, &C.- Great Britain and Ireland The Queen and Royal Family. Ministers and Officers of State . Colonial Office Staff . Ambassadors , Foreign Consuls in Jamaica Heads of Principal Nations of the World . Colonial Possessions . Governors of British Colonies. PART III. DESCRIPTION OF JAMAICA PART IV. HISTORY OF JAMAICA, General and Political PART V. GOVERNMENT, CIVIL SERVICE, AND PUBLIC DEPARTMENTS- Governor of Jamaica 112 Senior Member of Privy Council 112 The Privy Council . 112 Former Governors of Jamaica . 113 Admission into the Civil Service 114 Hours of Attendance at Public Offices Official Correspondence 120 Holidays at Public Offices Travelling allowances to Public Officers . 121 Pensions and Gratuities 121 Colonial Secretary's Office Public Works . 126 Lands . Audit Office : Treasury 136 Govt. Savings Bank. 137 Stamp Office Excise Internal Revenue and Customs . Post Office . Telegraph Medical Department . Police . Prisons and Reformatories Industrial Schools 203 Education 206 Registration Department Island Record Office. 213 Public Gardens and Plantations 214 PART v 288 120 riages, &cotte Horsekind, &c., LA 126 132 .. 306 Classification and Value of Exports 296 Tonnage, Crews, &c. . 300 Currency of Jamaica 302 Colonial Bank 303 Bank of Nova Scotia . 306 Foreign Moneys and their English Equivalents . PART VIII. EDUCATION Elementary Education 307 Board of Education 312 The Schools Commission 313 Jamaica Scholarship . 314 Gilchrist Scholarship . 319 Cambridge Local Examination. 320 Jamaica High School .. University College 324 Wolmer's Free School. 325 Lady Mico's Charity . 326 321 207 CONTENTS. Page. 333 PART XVIII., contd. Titchfield Free School. 328 Munro and Dickenson's Free School 329 Merrick's Charity . 331 Rusea's Free School.. 332 Beckford and Smith's School . 333 Vere and Manchester Free Schools Ludford's Bequest . 335 Manning's Free School 336 Wesleyan High School for Girls 336 Wesleyan High School for Boys 337 Moravian Female Training School 338 Moravian Male Training College 338 Calabar Institution or Jamaica Bap- tist College 338 Rectory School, Port Maria : 339 St. George's College .. 340 Kingston Collegiate School 310 St. Mary's College .. 341 Jamaica Church Theological College 341 Church of England Grammar School 341 Hebrew National Institution . 342 St. Mary's Industrial School , 342 PART IX. ECCLESIASTICAL AND RELIGIOUS- Church of England in Jamaica. 343 Church of Scotland . 351 Roman Catholic Church 353 Convent of Immaculate Conception 353 Baptist Mission 353 Presbyterian Church 355 London Missionary Society 357 West Indian Methodist Connexion in Jamaica 357 United Methodist Free Churches 362 Christian Church . 363 Moravian Church . 365 Jewish Congregations . 366 PART X. PAROCHIAL INFORMATION- The Parishes .. 367 Parochial Boards 393 Local Rates. 404 Page. PART XII., contd. Pilotage and Harbour Boards . 431 Harbours and Harbour Masters. 434 Receivers of Wreck . 436 Light Houses 437 PART XIII. ADMINISTRATIVE BODIES, &C. - Rio Cobre Irrigation Canal 438 Kingston Gas Works . 440 Kingston and Liguanea Water Works .. 442 Spanish Town Water Works 445 old Harbour Water Works 445 Falmouth Water Works 446 General Water Supply 446 Milk River Bath 447 Bath of St. Thomas-the-Apostle 449 May Pen Cemetery . 450 Markets ... 452 Kingston Slaughter House 456 Civil Service Guarantee Association 457 Security of Public Officers .. 459 PART XIV. BENEVOLENT AND TRUST FUNDS AND INSTITUTIONS- Civil Service Widows and Orphans' Fund 460 Rectors' Fund 461 Island Curates' Fund . 461 Pension Fund of Disestablished Clergy . 462 Fletcher's Trust, Kingston . 463 Sarah Morris' Trust, Kingston . 464 D'Espinose's Bequest. Kingston 464 Wood's Bequest, Kingston 464 Dorcas Society, St. Michael's Church, Kingston . 461 Dorcas Society, St. George's Church, Kingston 465 Hebrew Benevolent Society, King ston Night Refuge and Parochial Dispen- sary, Kingston . 465 Jamaica Masonic Benevolence . 466 City Dispensary, Kingston 466 Women's Self-Help Society 468 Kingston Sailors' Home 469 Kingston and St. Andrew Union Poor House 470 Gregory's Charity, Spanish Town 470 Fletchers Charity, Spanish Town 471 Gray's Charity, St. Mary . 471 Guthrie Davidson's Bequest, St. James PART XV. PUBLIC COMPANIES- Kingston Benefit Building Society 473 Permanent Building Society . 474 Victoria Mutual Building Society 474 St. Ann Benefit Building Society 475 Westmoreland Building Society 475 Trelawny Benefit Building Society 476 St. James Benefit Building Society 477 St. Elizabeth Benefit Building Society , 477 Jamaica Railway Company 478 Jamaica Street Car Company, 481 465 PART SHORALS 411 415 422 972 492 AGRICULTURAL AND PASTORAL- Public Gardens and Plantations 406 Cultivation . Classification of Landholders Sugar Estates in Cultivation 416 Coffee Cultivation in Jamaica Cattle Trespass Act . 423 Pound Law . Dividing Fences Law . PART XII. MARITIME- Steam Communication 425 Royal Mail Steam Packet Company 426 West India and Pacific Steamship Company. The Clyde Line . Atlas Steamship Company Jamaica Coastwise Service . Pickford and Black's West Indian Steamship Line , Caribbean Line of Steamships. Underwriters Agents in Jamaica 430 31 CONTENTS. VII 482 Page. Page. PART XVII. PART XV., contd. MEANS OF COMMUNICATION People's Discount and Deposit Travelling in Jamaica 508 Livery Stables 508 Company Waggonette and Express Company American Hotels Company in 509 Jamaica . 512 483 Railway . MailCoaches. 518 The Kingston Hotels Company . 483 483 Tram Cars . The Jamaica Hotels Company 521 The St. Catherine Hotels Company 483 Omnibuses or Cabs 522 The Moneague Hotels Company 484 522 Lodging-Houses, Taverns, &o.. Kingston Ice-Making Company 484 PART XVIII. Jamaica Electric Light and Power MILITARY AND NAVAL- Company Military on the Station 524 Fire Insurance Companies Navy on the Station . 526 Jamaica Co-operative 485 Volunteer Militia 531 Jamaica Marine Insurance PART XIX. Company . . 486 | MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION Home Marine Insurance Company 486 Naturalization of Aliens 532 Jamaica Mutual Life Assurance Passports . 532 Society . Letters Patent for Inventions : 533 Life Assurance Offices Land Surveyors 537 Labour in Jamaica 538 PART XVI. Cattle Slaughtered 539 CLUBS, SOCIETIES, &c.- Prices of Food 540 Petroleum 490 540 . Freemasonry Ancient Order of Forresters . 492 Birds and Fish Protection 542 Blue Mountain Peak. 543 Manchester Unity Order of Oddfellows. 493 Election Information . 544 Grand United Order of Oddfellows 494 Newspapers 545 Good Samaritans and Daughters of Weights and Measures 546 Ocean Telegraph Samaria 495 547 , Loyal Order of Ancient Shepherds 495 Table of number of days from one day in any month to same day in Branch Church of England Temperance Society 495 another month . 549 496 APPENDIX. Jamaica Club Dependencies of Jamaica . Kingston Yacht Club . Turks and Caicos Islands 550 Royal Jamaica Yacht Club Cayman Islands 553 Victoria Institute Morant and Pedro Cays 556 Jamaica Society of Agriculture Opportunities for Young Men in and Commerce Jamaica . 557 Floral and Horticultural Society 502 Chronological History to 1892 560 St. Catherine Agricultural Shows ADDENDA. Society .... . 503 Resident Magistrates Teachers' Associations 504 | Medical Department 561 Cricket in Jamaica . 505 | Quarantine Board 561 Medical Association , 506 Amended Regulation for Admission to Medical Council of Jamaica , 506 Civil Service Good Templary 497 550 501 561 561 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA FOR 1893. RESPECTFULLY DEDICATED TO His Excellency Sir Henry Arthur Blake, R.C.M.G., CAPTAIN-GENERAL AND GOVERNOR-IN-CHIEF OF JAMAICA, AND ITS DEPENDENCIES, BY AIB OBEDIENT SERVANTS, THE COMPILERS. SOLD BY Mr. Edward Stanford, 55 Charing Cross, London, S.W. Mr. Arthur Hylton, 128 Harbour Street, Kingston. Messrs. Aston W. Gardner & Co., 127 Harbour Street, Kingston. Mr. James Gall, Freemason's Hall, 76 Harbour Street, Kingston. Messrs. W. McCartney & Co., Antillean House, 16 King Street, Kingston Mr. Justin McCarthy, 8 King Street, Kingston. Messrs. DeCordova & Co., 51 Port Royal Street, Kingston. Messrs. Rouse & Wood, 14 Church Street, Kingston. Mr. John Milholland, 95 Harbour Street, Kingston. Mr. Mortimer C. DeSouza, 7 Church Street, Kingston. Messrs. L. D. Baker & Co., Port Antonio. Messrs. Kerr & Co., Montego Bay. AND AT The Government Printing Office, 79 Duke Street, Kingston, Jamaica. HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. THE Day of I w. CALENDAR FROM JANUARY 1st TO DECEMBER 31st, 1893. JANUARY, 1893. Mean Time of NOTES. Sunrise. Sunset. hr. min. br. min. SUNDAY AFTER CHRISTMAS. 6 34 5 34 Full Moon. 6 34 5 34 6 35 5 35 Equation of Time. M. Su. min, ADD M . OOON T. W. Th. TOTO 1ST SUNDAY AFTER EPIPHANY, Moon's Last Quarter. M. Su. | 2ND SUNDAY AFTER EPIPHANY. M. T. New Moon. 3RD SUNDAY AFTER EPIPHANY, 23 24 BEBBERO Moon's First Quarter. 36 6 35 5 29 Su, M. T. 6 6 5 51 SEPTUAGESIMA, Full Moon. 35 35 30 15 52 3 15 53 FEBRUARY, 1893. ADD | அக்க்க்க்க்க்க SEXAGESIMA. | Moon's Last Quarter. r or or or or OT OT OT OR OT OTOT OR OR OR Shrove Sunday. QUINQUAGESIMA. St. Valentine. AsH WEDNESDAY. New Moon. o IST SUNDAY IN LENT. Moon's First Quarter. 2ND SUNDAY IN LENT. o D CALENDAR. MARCH, 1893. Day of Mean Time of Sunrise. Sunset NOTES. Equaion of Titme. W. M. hr. min.hr, min. 6 20 St. David. Th. Full Moon, 16 min, ADD 12 12 | 3RD SUNDAY IN LENT. Moon's Last Quarter. 4TH SUNDAY IN LENT. 8E. OO O OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO 4000 DE St. Patrick. New Moon. Beim Bereich Desi oooooooooooooooooooo 5TH SUNDAY IN LENT, Moon's First Quarter. Annunciation. Lady Day, PALM SUNDAY. Quarter Day. OT OT OTOT GO OSO SON WHO GOOD FRIDAY. APRIL, 1893. Full Moon. EASTER DAY. ADD NNNNOW Su. | IST SUNDAY AFTER EASTER, [Quarter. Moon's Last SUBTR 2ND SUNDAY AFTER EASTER. 07 OF OP OT OT OTOT 07 07 OT OTOT OF OT OT OTOT Oor OT OT OT OT OTOT OR OR OR OT OF New Moon. OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO Moon's First Quarter. 3RD SUNDAY AFTER EASTER. OOOOO | 4TH SUNDAY AFTER EABTER. Full Moon. HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA, MAY, 1893, Mean Time of Equation Day of M. | w. NOTES. Sunrise. Sunset. of Time. hr, min. hr. min. min, 6 19 SUBTR, . M. W. T. Jamaica discovered by Columbus, 1494. Th. O O O O O O O O Su. 5TH SUNDAY AFTER EASTER. Moon's Last Quarter. M. ASCENSION DAY. Jamaica ceded to the English, (1655. F. Su. 1 SUNDAY AFTER ASCENSION, New Moon. OF OT OT OT OT OT OT OT OT OTOT OR OR OR OR OR OT OF OT OF OT OF OT OT 07 OT OT OT OTOT Su. WHIT SUNDAY. Moon's First Quarter. Queen Victoria born, 1819. O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O Su. M. TRINITY SUNDAY. Full Moon. JUNE, 1893. UBTR IST SUNDAY AFTER TRINITY. NNNNN Earthquake, 1692. Moon's Last Quarter, 2ND SUNDAY AFTER TRINITY. Érintés W. New Moon. ADD Oor OT OT OTOT OP OT OTOT OP OT OTOT OT OT OT OT OT OT OT OT OTOT OR OT OT Or Or er -----oogoo----wowe OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO 3RD SUNDAY AFTER TRINITY, Accession of Queen Victoria, 1837. Moon's First [Quarter. St. John Baptist. Midsummer Day. Quarter Day. 4TH SUNDAY AFTER TRINITY, C COW NNNNN Coronation Day. Full Moon, HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. JULY, 1893. Day of M. | W. NOTES. Mean Time of Sunrise. Sunset Equation of Time. min. ADD 5TH SUNDAY AFTER TRINITY, hr. min. hr. min. 5 30 6 38 6 38 6 38 6 38 Moon's Last Quarter. 6TH SUNDAY AFTER TRINITY, New Moon. க்க்க்க்க்க்க்க் 7TH SUNDAY AFTER TRINITY. OT OT OT OT OT OT Or er OT OT OR OR OR OR OR OR OR OR OR OR OR OR OR OR OR OR OR OT or or OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO Ooooooooooooooooooor Oor On OT OTA HA HA HD Moon's First Quarter. 8TH SUNDAY AFTER TRINITY. Full Moon. 9TH SUNDAY AFTER TRINITY. AUGUST, 1893. Abolition of Slavery in Jamaica, 1834. Moon's Last Quarter. 10TH SUNDAY AFTER TRINITY, New Moon. 11th SUNDAY AFTER TRINITY. BBĖBĖDĖL BŪTĖ or OT OT OT OT OT OTOT OT OT OF OT OT OT OT OTOT OP OT OT OT OTOT OP OT OTOT OP OT OT OT 如约n红红仍必纪妇妇图妈妈招招丝丝如如如如如如如如如如如打约约 ​OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO N S N w w w w w w HA HA HA OTOT OR OR OT OT Or O GOOS Cyclone, 1880. Moon's First Quarter. 12TH SUNDAY AFTER TRINITY. Cyclone, 1886. 13TH SUNDAY AFTER TRINITY. Full Moon. Great Hurricanes in 1712 and 1722. 16 6 O CALENDAR. SEPTEMBER, 1893. Mean Time of Equation Day of M. | w. NOTES. Sunrise. Sunset. of Time. hr, min. hr. min. min. 5 48 6 12 SUBTR. 5 48 6 12 Moon's Last 5 48 16 11 Quarter. Su. | 14TH SUNDAY AFTER TRINITY. 1 6 10 15TH SUNDAY AFTER TRINITY. New Moon. OOD NON- si di diveni Su. | 16TH SUNDAY AFTER TRINITY. 5 49 Moon's First 5 49 [Quarter. 5 49 or OTO OF OT OTOT OP OT OTOTOOF 会发生发生安安安安安安安 ​OT OR OT OT OT OT OT OTOT OP OT OTOT 巴巴巴巴巴巴公会 ​. . . . OT OT OT OF OT OT OR OT OTOT OP OT I O. Set SS SON LOS 90000W O O. ON OTOT W Su. / 17TH SUNDAY AFTER TRINITY, Full Moon. eeeeee . O. O St. Michael.—Michaelmas Day.--Quarter Day. OCTOBER, 1893. SUBᎢᎡ. 18TH SUNDAY AFTER TRINITY, Moon's Last Quarter, 11 Aக்கக்க்க்க்க்க | 19TH SUNDAY AFTER TRINITY, New Moon, eco 14 20TH SUNDAY AFTER TRINITY, Moon's First Quarter. ooooOOO O OT OTOT OR OR OR OR OR OR OR OR OR OR OR OR OR OR OR OR OR OR OR OR OT OTOT 14 14 OTOR OI OT OTOT OR OR OR OR OR OR OR OR OR OR OT or or OT ON OR OR OR OR OR OR OT 15 15 15 21st SUNDAY AFTER TRINITY. Full Moon. Su. | 22ND SUNDAY AFTER TRINITY. T. | Moon's Last Quarter. B HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. NOVEMBER, 1893. Day of M. | w. Notes. Mean Time of Equation of Time. Sunrise. Sunset. w. All Saints' Day, hr. min. hr. min. min. SUBTR. 16 16 16 23RD SUNDAY AFTER TRINITY. 16 16 16 16 New Moon. Prince of Wales born, 1841. 16 16 16 21th SUNDAY AFTER TRINITY. 16 16 15 15 Bevezetésére Moon's First Quarter. 25TH SUNDAY AFTER TRINITY. Full Moon. 26TH SUNDAY AFTER TRINITY. 6 6 15 16 Th. St. Andrew. 6 17 | 5 Moon's Last Quarter. DECEMBER, 1893. SUBTR. 10 ADVENT SUNDAY, New Moon. 2ND SUNDAY IN ADVENT. or OT OT OT OT OT OT OT OT OP OT OTOT OT OT OF OT OTOT OT OI OTOT OP OT OT OTOT E. S. Su. M. Moon's First Quarter. 3RD SUNDAY IN ADVENT. W. Th. St. Thomas. Full Moon S. Su. 4TH SUNDAY IN ADVENT. CHRISTMAS DAY. ADD Th. F. Moon's Last Quarter. ST SUNDAY AFTER CHRISTMAS. 6 33 CALENDAR. THE MOON'S PHASES, &c. The times of New Moon, First Quarter, Full Moon, and last Quarter, are given in the Calendar to the nearest local civil day. Thus if New Moon occur on any day between midnight and 5 hr. 7 min. a.m. Greenwich time, the New Moon is referred to the previous day in the above Calendar. EQUATION OF TIME. The equation of time is a correction which must be applied to apparent time or time obtained from observation of the Sun, in order to obtain mean time, or the time shown by a properly regulated clock. The last column in each month of the Calendar above gives this correction for every day in the year. Care must be taken to add or to subtract the correction according to the precepts. For instance on Jan. 4th we must add 5 min. to the time shown by a good Sundial in order to obtain the clock time; but on Oct. 4th we must subtract 11 min. and so on. SUNRISE AND SUNSET. The mean times of sunrise and sunset for every day in the year, given in the Calen- dar above, have been computed for the latitude of Kingston and include the effect of refraction. TIDES ON THE COASTS OF JAMAICA. As the rise and fall of the Tides round Jamaica do not exceed 10 or 11 inches, we clearly do not require the times of High and Low water for nautical purposes, and an extension of the Calendar in the Handbook so as to include the daily tides throughout the year, would prove to be labour lost. But sometimes we want to know, however roughly, whether it is High or Low water; for instance the sea often rises or falls so much above or below its usual level as to attract the general attention of those who live near the shore, and then the question of tide arises; for if the unusual rise or fall be at times of Low or High water, of course the disturbance noted is all the greater. Such disturbances are produced by strong prevailing winds at a distance, by hur- ricanes, and by earthquakes. But putting these exceptional circumstances aside, the tide has a curious effect upon the daily weather which may be thus briefly expressed :-a rising tide increases the local action of the weather. And this effect, though confined to the coasts, has been found to exist all over the world. Hence the following approximate and general table has been drawn up for Ja- maica ; it is based upon an Establishment of 11 hrs. O min. at Port Royal given by Captain Green, U.S.N. (Navigation of the Caribbean Sea and Gulf of Mexico, vol. I, p. 244); and the day of New or Full Moon from which the following days are to be reckoned should be expressed in civil local time, as given in the Calendar above. TIME OF HIGH WATER. First Tide. Second Tide. hr. min, p.m. 10 min. 41 a.m. 18 Day of New or Full Moon 1 Day after . 2 Days " 0 36 54 E AFN 858 OOO OOTUS N B24 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. In each semi-lunation there is always one day on which there is but one tide. It will be noticed that for Jamaica this day occurs two days after New or Full Moon, The table is probably quite correct for the first five or six days and for the last two days ; but for the remaining days “ the age of the tide” may cause an error not exceeding 15 min. ECLIPSES, 1893. I. A total Eclipse of the Sun, April 16, invisible in Jamaica. II. An annular Eclipse of the Sun, October 9, visible in Jamaica as a partial Eclipse. The following times of contact and of greatest Eclipse have been computed for Kingston : hr. min. First contact 3 43 p.in., Kingston Mean time. Greatest Eclipse 4 32 " Last contact 5 21 " The first contact will occur at a point a little to the left of the lowest point of the Sun's limb. The last contact will occur near the extreme left of the Sun's limb. At the time of greatest Eclipse the dark disc of the Moon will have advanced on the disc of the Sun somewhat less than one-fourth of the diameter of the Sun. The Sun will set at 5 hr. 41 min. p.m. 66 LATITUDE AND LONGITUDE OF KINGSTON. DURING the years 1875 and 1876 the latitude and longitude of Kingston were de- termined by Captain F. M. Green, U.S.N., with great accuracy. The station at Kingston was 12 feet west of the centre of the pedestal on which the statue of Lord Rodney was mounted, at the lower end of King Street, near the market- place, and overlooking the harbour. The latitude of this station was obtained from 43 observations of pairs of stars, by means of an instrument suited for the purpose. It was a combination of a transit- instrument and a zenith-sector. The latitude thus found was 17° 57'41.''ON. The longitude of this station was determined by telegraphic signals between Green- wich and Washington, Washington and Key West, and so on to Havana, Santiago de Cuba and Kingston; the three latter sections forming part of the work conducted by Captain Green. The longitude thus found was 5hr. 7m. 10.65 sec. west of Greenwich, or in arc 76° 47'39.18W.; that is to say, when it is mean noon at Kingston it is 5hr. 7m. 10.65 sec. p.m. at Greenwich. LATITUDE AND LONGITUDE OF THE KEMPSHOT OBSERVATORY (NEAR MONTEGO BAY). The transit-instrument is adapted for the approximate determination of zenith- distances, and by means of 50 observations of the stars during the years 1875, 1876 and 1877; the latitude of the pedestal of the transit-instrument was found to be 18° 24'50118 N. By means of telegraphic signals the longitude of the Observatory was accurately determined in 1882. On the night of the 28th Nov. 225 signals were exchanged be- tween Kingston and Montego Bay, which placed the Observatory 4 m. 18.865 sec. west of Lord Rodney's statue ; on the following night 116 signals were exchanged, which placed the Observatory 4 m. 18.875 sec. west of the statue : and by adopting 4 m. 18.87 sec. as the true difference of longitude, it follows that the transit-instru- ment of the Kempshot Observatory is 5 hrs. 11 min. 29.52 sec. west of Greenwich, or in arc 77° 52' 22.'8. The top of the pedestal of the transit-instrument is 1773 feet above the mean sea-level. METEOROLOGY. METEOROLOGY. (By Maxwell Hall, MA., F.R.A.S., F.R.Met.S.) KINGSTON : METEOROLOGICAL RESULTS. &C., FOR THE TEN YEARS, FROM JUNE, 1880, TO MAY 1890. Temperatures. Vapour. Rainfall. Month, Barom. Pressure. Wind S. E. Miles per diem. Mean. | Max. | Min. Range. Humidity. Cloud per cent. Total. Dew Point. Kingston. Infantile Diseases. Lung Diseases. Dysentery and Diarrhea. Fever. Various. The Island. The Island. in. in. 30.054 74.6 66.8 in. | 0.96 19.6 66.7 3.87 21 117 ão os 30.049 74.7 19.0 72 2.62 111 66.7 67.6 30.034 17.9 1.59 75.8 77.9 79.4 85.7 86.5 66.8 67.8 69.8 72.4 139 122 30.008 16.7 69.1 .18 29.979 14.8 6.00 8.40 119 January February March April May June July August September October November 87.2 88.5 30.000 80.8 73.8 14.7 5.51 | 7.83 81.1 la con encanto a 5 a ac Ecco co woo ő o lo no 89.7 73.5 73.2 111 72.8 72.5 73.0 73.1 16.2 16.2 ponto a s to go 3 80.4 89.4 80.1 89.7 73.3 30.024 29.983 29.956 29.937 29.962 30.005 16.4 2.15 4.32 4.09 6.83 3.59 6.86 4.69 7.84 1.22 5.07 78.9 72.2 72.1 70.7 | 68.4 77.8 75.7 70.1 88.9 88.9 87.0 87.8 16.8 18.2 18.6 103 December 68.0 % 1.50 5.60 107 51 = 8 29.999 78.1 70.7 ! 17.1 89 70.3 Means Totals 108 : : 32.64 66.30 1 14 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. The table above contains the re ults of the observations made at Kingston, Jamaica, between June, 1880, and May, 1890, inclusive. Between June, 1880, and Decem- ber, 1886, the readings were taken at intervals of eight hours, namely, at 7 a.m., 3 p.m., and 11 p.m., local mean time; the daily means of pressure, temperature, dew- point, humidity, &c, were assumed to be the means of the three eight-hourly read- ings, but since January, 1887, the readings have been taken at 7 a.m. and 3 p.m. only; and the daily means were deduced by applying to the 7 a.m, and 3 p.m. read- ings their proper reductions; and from the daily means the monthly means given in the table have finally been deduced. The readings were taken with great care and regularity, and they were all corrected for instrumental errors. * In the second column the Barometric Pressure is of course referred to the sea- level. In the seventh column the wind is stated to be S.E., and this is in consequence of the regularity of the daily sea-breeze, which is almost invariably S.E. at Kingston. In the eighth column the Dew point has been found from the Dry and Wet-bulb thermometers by means of Glaisher's factors ; of course Wet-bulb and Tension-of- Vapour columns could have been added, but it seemed useless to fill up the table with columns easily deducible the one from the other. In the tenth column the amount of cloud is given as a percentage of the whole sky. helvettwelfth reinterest the average monthly Rainfall at the Public Works Office, Kingston, and for the whole Island,- the latter being deduced from about 150 stations. The remaining columns give for each month the average number of deaths in King- ston from a few groups of diseases, and the average totals; they have been taken from the returns published monthly by Mr. S. P. Smeeton, the Registrar-General. The following are some of the relations existing among the different columns. .: (i.) PRESSURE AND RAINFALL. If the Barometric Pressure be compared,—not with the Kingston Rainfall on account of its highly local character, but with the general Island Rainfall, it will be seen that a certain relation exists :- Rainfall=50 (30.100-pressure) or in words, if the pressure during any month be subtracted froin 30.100, and if the difference be multiplied by 50, the product will not be far from the Rainfall in inches. This remarkable relation requires much further consideration, for which we have at present neither space nor time. (ii.) TEMPERATURES. The mean temperature does not greatly differ from half the sum of the maximum and miinimum temperatures. In order to make the agreement closer we must take into account the Range, or difference between the maximum and minimum, the humidity, and the amount of cloud which covers the sky. The maxima and minima given in the table were deduced from daily readings, and their differences give the daily range ; but by picking out of the original record or register the highest and lowest temperatures for each month we get the absolute max. and min. To prevent confusions the absolute max. and min, were not inserted in the table ; their averages are, however, 49 above and below the max. and min. de- duced from daily readings. Again in the interval between June, 1880, and May, 1890, the highest tempera- ture was 96.1.º recorded on the 12th September, 1880, and the lowest temperature was 56.7.º recorded on the 4th December, 1887. And lastly the Mean Daily Temperature is here given for each complete year :- .: 77 2 1881 1882 1883 78.0 ! 1884 78.2 1885 78 21 1886 78.5 78.9 1888 78.21 1889 78 5 * The Thermometers were exposed in the Stevenson screens over a grass lawn, four or five feet above the ground. METEOROLOGY. 15 (iii.) VAPOUR. The humidity of the air is the ratio of the amount of vapour present to the amount necessary for saturation,-saturation being taken as 100; so that humidity indirectly measures the drying power of the air.* By comparing the Dew-point with the Minimum Temperature we see that there is an almost constant difference of about half a degree. The nights in Kingston therefore cool down until the temparature of the air four or five feet above the ground is a little above the Dew-point; but on the ground the temperature is below the Dew- point, dew is precipitated, latent heat given out, and the further fall of temperature arrested. We must now consider the connections between these Meteorological re:ults and the number of deaths in Kingston. (iv.) INFANTILE DISEASES. Under this heading is given the number of deaths in Kingston each month of the year from infantile diseases not otherwise specified in the books of the Registrar General. By comparing the numbers in this column with the total monthly numbers in the last column, it will be seen that the former are fairly proportional to the latter, although, indeed, their variation from their mean or average is larger. Consequently whatever cause systematically affects the total monthly numbers, the same cause affects young children rather than adults. (v.) Total MONTHLY NUMBERS. The total number of deaths vary on the average with considerable regularity from month to month; the maximum, 139, occurs in March; the minimum, 79, occurs in September. This variation is intimately connected with the temperature; and remembering that there must always be a considerable interval of time between such a cause and such an effect, it appears that the maximum occurs after the lower temperatures, and that the minimum occurs after the higher temperatures ; or in other words, the death- rate greatly increases after our cool season, and greatly diminishes after our warm season. As in the year 1881, there were in Kingston only 5,000 white people out of a total population of 38,566, it is to the black and colored people that the above result chiefly applies; and again as the fall of temperature during the cooler months is really very small, the large increase in the number of deaths must be chiefly due to the lives led by many of the poorest people,-to their sleeping under open sheds and dilapidated roofs ; and it would therefore seem possible to reduce the Kingston death-rate in the course of time. (vi)-FEVER. There are but few deaths from this cause, and they are distributed throughout the year with considerable uniformity. One maximum occurs in July after the May rains, and another occurs in November, December, and January after the October rains. These maxima are due to malaria set free by the drying-up of the ground after heavy rains. In many countries in the tropical parts of the earth it is dangerous to disturb the soil, -as for instance in the Gold Coast Colony in Africa, because the soil teams with malaria ; and so it must have been in the earlier days of Jamaica when the land was first cleared of forests and when the soil was first turned up for the cultivation of the sugar-cane; but now, we, for the most part, only feel the effect of water re- turning upw.irds from considerable depths below the surface of the ground; for with the water ascend those specific disease-germs which produce malarial fever when they can secure a footing in the blood and develop specitic organisms. " The germs of these organisms float about in the air from place to place and gain positions enabling them to enter the blood of some animal organism, say man, where they can grow and flourish, provided they are able to successfully encounter their * If the drying power of the air were measured from 0 to 100, Humidity plus drying power, would always be 100. 16 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. mortal foes, the white corpuscles of the blood. If these white corpuscles are strong and vigorous, they will overpower the foreign growth and kill it. If on the other hand they are weak and feeble, and the germs very numerous, the foreign growth may get a secure footing and spread luxuriantly changing the character of the fluids of the body, coagulating, it may be, the albumen, and otherwise setting up the un- natural and abnormal display of functions which we call disease."* We have thus dwelt upon the cause of malaria in places which may be far removed from swamps and morasses, not on account of its importance to Kingston, but be- cause of its widely spread influence iu Jamaica. (vii)-Lung DISEASES. The number of deaths from this cause is tolerably constant throughout the year. A maximum occurs in January, and another in July; but after both these maxima there seems to be a small reaction, and the minima speedily follow. (viii.)-DYSENTERY AND DIARRHEA. Deaths from these diseases are intimately connected with the Minimum Tempera- ture; a few cold nights in Kingston are certain to produce either or both these diseases; and their virulence depends upon the extent to which the temperature falls. But some allusions must be made to predisposing causes, of which rain seems to be the most important in Jamaica,—the people get wet and do not change their clothes,-a cold night sets in, and disease is the immediate consequence. Thus there were rains in December, 1880, which produced Dysentery and Diar- rhea in January, 1881 ; but it was not until the cold nights of January, that these diseases became serious and caused the death of 72 persons during the three follow- ing months. Again in December, 1881, and the early part of 1882 there were no rains and very little Dysentery and Diarrhoea. We must not expect to find complete agreement between our Meteorological re- turns and those of the Registrar General; but we hope that the out-lines of the agreement have been correctly sketched, and that the importance of the subject has been duly pointed out. DECREASE OF TEMPERATURE WITH ELEVATION. The meteorological results found for Kingston are generally applicable to all the low-lying land round the shores of Jamaica ; but of course the temperature decreases on the hills and mountains in the interior. The rate of decrease is much the same as in vther countries, namely: about 1° F. for every 300 feet of elevation ; but as Max., Mean and Min. temperature, have to be considered, it will be as well to re. produce the table given in Weather Report No. 75. TEMPERATURE. Eleva- Bar. STATION tion, Pressure. Max. / Mean. Min. Range. Ft. in. 78.2 30.00 28.20 Kingston Kempshot Cinchona Pl. Portland Gap Blue Mt. Peak 1,773 4,907 87.0 80.5 68.5 25.27 24.71 72.7 62.6 59.7 55.7 71.0 | | 68.0 57.5 54.6 46.3 16.0 12.6 11.0 14.4 24.8 5,477 69.0 . 7,423 23.14 71.1 But whether this table be consulted in the interest of agriculture or in the estab- lishment of a health resort, it must be remembered that all the surroundings have * Nature, Vol. 31, p. 267. METEOROLOGY. first to be considered; and then when any site has been proposed as suitable, its Max., Mean, and Min. temperatures may be easily deduced from its approximate elevation. THE ISLAND RAINFALL. The Rainfall is now fairly well registered in Jamaica, almost entirely by voluntary observers ; but unfortunately the guages are very unequally distributed over the island. To meet this difficulty the island is divided into four Divisions, and month by month the Rainfall is deduced for each Division, the Island Rainfall being simply the mean of the four Divisions. It appears that while the May and October rains are everywhere strongly marked, the northern part of the island has winter rains in November, December and January, the southern part has summer rains in August and September, and each part is further divided by the amount of rainfall, thus giving the four divisions. The North-eastern Division is cut off by a straight line drawn from Port Morant to St. Ann's Bay ; it includes the lofty range of the Blue Mountains, and their con- tinuation as the hills of St. Mary; it faces the rain-bringing winds of winter; and it has a large rainfall in November, December and January, as well as in May and October. This division has the greatest annual rainfall. The Northern Division includes the parishes of St. Ann, Trelawny and St. James. It is that part of the island which lies to the north of those broken ranges of hills which run through the centre of the island in a direction more or less parallel to the Blue Mountain range. The annual rainfall is less than in the first division, but it has the same characteristics. Tho West-central Division stretches in the same direction from Chapelton to Green Island. It is deprived of the greater part of the winter rains by the two former divi- sions, whose hills precipitate the abundant vapour in the east-north-easterly winds; but it has well-marked summer rains in August and September, as well as the usual rains in May and October. It has a larger annual rainfall than the Northern Division. The last and Southern Division has the same characteristics as the third, but the annual rainfall is much smaller. In the preface to Sir Hans Sloane's Natural History of Jamaica we find that he alluded to the May and October rains; to the winter rains on the north side, to the summer range on the central hills and to the small rainfall on the southern plains. Consequently the characteristics of the rainfall have not altered for at least two hundred years. This leads us to the consideration of the constancy of the amount of raivfall, and at length we are able to give some information on this important subject. Accord- ing to the two following tables the average rainfall over the island was about sixty- seven and a half inches for the first decennial period from 1870 to 1879, while for the second decennial period from 1880 to 1889 the average rainfall over the island was sixty-six and a half inches, or one inch less. But as these results are greatly effected by “ flood” rains, the only wonder is that they are so nearly equal. Again, it will be seen that there has been a curious increase in the rainfall in the second decennial period in the West-central and Southern Divisions, while there has been a larger decrease in the North-eastern and Northern Divisions, as though the whole rainfall system had been shifted more to the south. All such variations are for the most part temporary, and the present decennial period may show just the opposite. 18 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. THE RAINFALL OVER EACH DIVISION FROM 1870 to 1889. Rainfall Divisions, YEAR. The Island. N.E. N. W.C. In. 110.60 1870 In. 83.09 In. 102.98 In. In. 61.07 89.43 1871 69.45 41.98 54.56 34:46 50.09 45.18 59.42 40.79 1872 1873 29.02 47.71 84.08 51-50 67-79 62.97 52.64 63.06 68.94 1874 68.25 47.35 1875 47.15 56.16 52 42 71.35 1876 87-33 97.18 71.89 90•38 100.72 104.12 122.55 54.71 56.53 1877 64.06 34:47 52.99 52.27 66.11 79.85 68.40 1878 62.99 72.44 76-42 1879 65.44 87.54 88.84 First decennial period : Means 91:04 57.34 70.73 50.53 67.41 1880 76.37 47.01 55.44 33•47 58.42 1881 91.24 49.42 68.60 64 91 75.32 78·59 78.19 1882 65.48 43.76 43.67 67.87 1883 72.30 41:52 45.02 59.26 1884 73.10 43.63 56.90 69.00 70-55 41.87 52.77 1885 43.52 59.86 1886 126.61 60.93 86-64 90.61 72.62 88.21 80 14 70.43 1887 80.25 70.66 61.16 65.58 1888 61.07 54:42 56.82 98.00 72.11 1889 99.81 75.94 64.02 74.15 Second decennial period: Means 75.74 84.96 50.96 54.51 66.54 METEOROLOGY. THE ISLAND MONTHLY RAINFALL FROM 1870 to 1889. Year. | Feb. March April May June July.|| Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Total. In. In. 1870 1871 1872 1873 1874 1875 In. 3.99 2.40 3.00 8.15 3.44 2.57 6.00 5.94 6.35 2.81 In. 4.35 1.60 2.84 1.94 2.20 0.67 0.96 1.18 2.80 5.30 In. 3.10 2.29 3.06 5.47 0 61 2.59 1.63 5.38 2.78 6.49 2.79 3.46 2.06 1.15 4.40 3.05 4.68 2 91 0.70 7.28 In. 17.38 6.43 5.18 5.06 10.65 8.54 8.24 15.03 4.86 9.14 In. 3.58 1.98 2.41 2.58 3.96 3.74 5.40 6.50 6 63 10.64 4.33 3.79 2.89 2.56 2.51 3.87 In. 5.72 3.46 5.24 7.51 9.65 5.13 5.06 1.76 10.80 12.32 In. 8 05 5.70 4.55 10.73 6.82 7 60 5.19 5.01 7.43 7.38 In. 16.74 8.88 6.09 8.57 11.69 5.58 11.36 4.50 11.29 15.96 In. 12.50 5.88 3.13 3.53 10.52 2.34 8.96 7.63 7.32 5.29 In. 6.90 4.22 4.73 5.81 2.49 6.74 5.72 7.88 9.61 1.76 In. 89.43 51.09 45.18 63.06 68.94 52.42 71.35 68.40 76.42 88.84 1876 8.15 1877 1878 4.68 5.85 4.47 1879 Means 4.46 | 2.38 | 3.34 3.25 9.05 14.74 14.31 16.66 | 6.85 | 10.07 6.71 5.59 67.41 1880 2.77 4.63 3.32 3.86 4.77 3.76 3.15 4.36 1 22 2.92 5 49 4.72 1.73 5.23 6.02 1.36 4.78 0.96 4.01 1.93 3.50 3 44 1.49 4.65 2.32 1.89 0.90 1881 1882 1883 1884 1885 1886 1887 1888 1889 1.10 1.30 3.54 4.08 2.51 1.47 2.68 2.38 1.70 4.19 3.34 1.85 11.60 10.28 8.22 5.29 6.72 4.90 5.30 9.32 21.24 7.82 2.52 4.73 6.39 4.47 3.61 6.71 3.09 5.56 2.33 4.98 6.89 3.32 23.36 8.89 6.77 | 12.52 3.01 6.22 7.19 9.58 6.21 4.80 5.42 5.06 6.19 13.54 6.91 5.47 5.12 3.97 7.68 8.78 7.82 6 23 6.22 5.90 5.77 8.10 8.20 4.00 12.08 8.96 8 15 9 52 6 37 7.98 8.47 4.38 | 10.49 2.21 7.94 7.52 3.34 5.36 3.95 5.12 2.92 5.00 2.44 4.74 15.69 3.70 5.66 8.17 0.75 4.59 10.35 4.37 | 2.97 55.44 68.60 57.87 59.26 56.90 59.86 90.61 70.66 72.11 74 15 2.65 6.08 Means | 3.78 2.51 | 2.49 | 4.18 9.07 | 7.77 4.32 | 6.83 | 6.87 8.04 5.08 | 5.60 | 66.54 20 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. KINGSTON, JAMAICA.-MEAN RESULTS FOR THE YEAR 1891.-ELEVATION 60 FEET. Means for the Month. MONTI. Pressure. Temperature. Dewpoint, Vapour. | Humidity. 7 a.m. 3 p.m. 7 a.m.3 p.m. Max. Min. Range 7 a.m. 3p.m. 7. a.m. 3 p.m. a.m. 3 PE in. January - 30.050 February - 30.052 March 30.024 April 29.995 May 29.980 June 29.964 July - 30.009 August - 1 30.002 September 29.975 October - 29.920 November 29.964 December 30.039 in. 29.902 29.975 29.954 29.934 29.930 29.916 29.960 29.960 29.922 29.867 29.908 29.978 68.4 69.6 70.4 74.9 77.1 79.0 78.6 76.8 76.9 75.6 72.7 69.8 83.6 86.8 | 66.5 20.3 83.9 86.7 66.9 19.8 82.9 85.8 67.4 | 18.4 84.6 86.3 71.9 14.4 85.2 | 87.0 73.1 | 13.9 85.9 87.71 74.9 12.8 88.6 90.4 75.0 15.4 85.6 91.2 74.5 | 16.7 85.6 89.4 15.0 83.2 87.1 74.0 | 13.1 83.6 84.1 69.3 1 14.8 84.0 87.1 69.4 | 17.7 63.3 68.1 62.7 66.1 63.6 67.2 67.5 69.5 69.7 | 71.3 70. 6 72.6 08.8 70.6 69.8 72.8 70.3 74.4 70.4 | 72.6 69.2 70.8 64,5 68.0 in. 0.582 0.570 0,588 0.673 0.726 0.749 0.704 0.728 0.741 0.744 0.713 0.607 in. 0.687 0.641 0.666 0.721 0.766 0.801 0.749 0.807 0.851 0.801 0.754 0.684 59 Means 29.998 29-941 | 74.1 84.7 87.5 71.5 16.0 67.5 70.3 0.673 0.741 80 69 The barometric pressure is the reading of the barometer corrected for instrumental error and reduced to 32° and sea level. Means for the Month. Extremes for the Month. MONTH. Cloud, Percentage. Wind. Remarks. Total Rainfall. Temperature. Miles 7 a.m 3 pm. From Daily. Max. Date. Min. Date. Range 13 48 S.E. 53. 990. 4 7 61.5 27 January - February- March S.E. 127.1 | 90.2 63.6 Fair, light shock of Earth- quake, 6.30 am, 27th. Fair, light shock of Earth. quake, 3 a.m. 16th, Fair. E. 73.5 91.4 In. 28.9 0.41 0.27 28.2 0.04 0. 1.25 21.1 | 2.03 2.03 632 April 70.0 68.4 Fair. Fair. Fair. May 63.5 69.9 June E. 112.7 | 90.9 72.2 6.47 Fair. July 116.7 72.0 0.49 Fair. 69.8 96.7 70.0 26.7 3.08 August September October - 74 Fair, Absolute maximum temperature in past ll years. Fair. | 41.6 91.7 70.5 1.54 70.3 21.4 10 | Average seasons," shamn shock of Earthquake, 1.40 am 27th. | 3.95 Fair November 68 Var. 66.9 December Var. | 71,1 89. 3 1 | 63.9 24 Fair, slight shock of Earth- quake, 6.45 a.m. 17th. 39 | 78.4 91.5 23.8 28.86 Means - Total - MAGNETIC DECLINATION, (or Variation of the Compass.) Kingston 1891 2 16 East of true North. Kempshot 1889 3 11 1891 3 11 Lucea 1891 2 52 Now GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND, 1 PART II. GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND. The Reigning Queen and Empress. VICTORIA I., Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, and Empress of India, born at Kensington Palace, London, May 24, 1819, the daughter of Edward, Duke of Kent, fourth son of King George III., and of Princess Victoria of Saxe-Saalfeld-Coburg, widow of Prince Emich of Leinin. gen. · Ascended the throne at the death of her uncle, King William IV., June 20,1837; crowned at Westminster Abbey, June 28, 1838. Married, February 10, 1840, to His Royal Highness Prince Albert, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, who was born August 26, 1819, and died December 14, 1861. Children of the Queen. I Princess Royal, Victoria, born November 21, 1840; married, January 25, 1858, to Friedrich Wilhelm, born October, 18, 1831; died June, 1888; eldest sonof Wilhelm I., German Emperor and King of Prussia, of which marriage there are issue living six children :-1. Prince Friedrich Wilhelm, born January 27, 1859; Emperor of Germany, married February 27, 1881, to Princess Victoria of Schleswig-Holstein-Augustenburg, born May 3, 1860; issue, Prince Friedrich Wilhelm, born May 6, 1882. 2. Princess Charlotte, born July 24, 1960; married February 18, 1878, to Prince Bernhard, eldest son of Duke George II. of Saxe-Meiningen; offspring of the union is a daughter, Fredora, born May 12, 1879. 3. Prince Heinrich, born August 14, 1862. 4. Princess Victoria, born April 12, 1866. 5. Princess Sophie, born June 14, 1870. 6. Princess Margarethe, born April 22, 1872. II. Albert Edward, Prince of Wales, born November 9, 1841; married March 10,1863, to Princess Alexandra, born December 1, 1844, eldest daughter of King Christian IX. of Denmark. Offspring of the union still living are four children:-1. George, born June 3, 1865. 2. Louise, born February 20, 1867; married 27th July. 1889, to the Duke of Fife. 3. Victoria, born July 6, 1868. 4. Maud, born November 26, 1869. III. Princess Alice Maud Mary, Grand-duchess of Hesse, born April 25, 1843; married July 1, 1862, to Ludwig IV., reiguing Grand-duke of Gross- herzogthum Hessen, born September 12, 1837, the son of Prince Karl, eldest brother of Grand-duke Ludwig III., and of Princess Elizabeth of Prussia. Offspring of the union still living:-1. Victoria, born April 5, 1863, married April 30, 1884, to Prince Louis of Battenberg, R.N. 2. Elizabeth, born November 1, 1864, married June 15, 1884, to the Grand-duke Serge of Rus- sia. 3. Irene, born July 11, 1866; married 24th May, 1888, to Prince Henry of Prussia. 4. Ludwig, born November 25, 1868. 5. Victoria, born June 6, 1872. The Grand-duchess died December 14, 1878. IV. Prince Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh, born August 6, 1844; entered the Royal Navy, August 31, 1858; married January 21, 1874, to Grand-duchess Marie of Russia, only daughter of Emperor Alexander II. Offspring of the union are five children :--1. Alfred, born October 15, 1874. 2. Marie, born October 29, 1875. 3. Victoria, born November 25, 1876. 4. Alexandra, born September 1, 1878. 5. Beatrice, born April, 26, 1884. V. Princess Helena, born May 25, 1846; married July 5, 1866, to Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg, born January 22, 1831. Offspring of the union still living are four children :-1. Christian, born April 14, 1867. 2. Albert John, born February 26, 1869. 3. Victoria, 22 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA, born May 3, 1870. 4. Louise, born August 12, 1872 ; married 6th Jaly, 1891, to Prince Aribert Joseph Alexander of Anhalt. VI. Princess Louise, born March 18, 1848; married March 21, 1871, to John Douglas Sutherland, Marquis of Lorne, K.T., G.C.M.G., born August 6, 1845, eldest son of the eighth Duke of Argyll. VII. Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught, born May 1, 1850; married March 13, 1879, to Princess Louise of Prussia, born July 25, 1860. Offspring of the union are three children :- 1. Margaret Victoria Augusta Charlotte Norah, born January 15, 1882. 2. Arthur Frederick Patrick Albert, born January 13, 1883. 3. Victoria Patricia Helena Elizabeth, born March 17, 1886. VIII. Prince Leopold, Duke of Albany, born April 7, 1853; married April 27, 1882, to Princess Helena of Waldeck, born February 17, 1861. Offspring of the union are two children:--1. Alice Mary Victoria Augusta Pauline, born February 25, 1883. 2. Leopold Charles Edward George, Duke of Albany, born July, 19, 1884. Prince Leopold died March 28, 1884. IX, Princess Beatrice, born April 14, 1857 ; married July 22, 1885, to Prince Henry of Battenberg. Offspring of the union are four children :- 1. Alexandra, born 23rd November, 1886. 2. Victoria Eugenie Julia Eva October 24, 1887. 3. Leopold Arthur Lewis born 21st May, 1889. 4. A son born 3rd October, 1891. Cousins of the Queen. I. Prince Ernest August, third Duke of Cumberland, born Sept. 21, 1845, the grandson of Duke Ernest August of Cumberland, fifth son of King George III.; married December 21, 1878, to Princess Thyra of Denmark, born Sep. tember 29, 1853. Offspring of the union are four children:-1. Maria Louisa, born October 11, 1879. 2. George, born October 28, 1880. 3. Alexandra, born September 29, 1882; Olga, born July 11, 1884; Christian born 4th July, 1885, and Ernest born 17th November, 1887. II. Prince George, Duke of Cambridge, born March 26, 1819, the son of Duke Adolph of Cambridge, sixth son of King George III.; Field-Marshal Commanding-in-Chief the British Army. III. Princess Augusta, sister of the preceding, born July 19, 1822 ; mar- ‘ried June 28, 1843, to Grand-duke Friedrich Wilhelm of Mecklenburg- Strelitz, born October 17, 1819, the son of Grand-duke George and of Princess Marie of Hesse-Cassel. Has issue, Adolf. Friedrich, born July 22, 1848. IV. Princess Mary, sister of the preceding, born November 27, 1833 ; married June 12, 1866, to Prince Franz von Teck, born August 27, 1837, son of Prince Alexander of Würtemburg and of Claudine Rhéday, Countess von Hohenstein. Offspring of the union are four children :--1. Victoria, born May 26, 1867. 2. Albert, born August 13, 1868. 3. Franz Josef, born January 9, 1870. . 4. Alexander, born April 14, 1874. THE TWO ADMINISTRATIONS. The following is a comparative List of the Administration of Lord Salisbury and of Mr. Gladstone, as the former stood on Lord Salisbury's retirement from office, and as the latter stood on the date of the publication of the Handbook :- LORD SALISBURY'S MINISTRY. Prime Minister *Marquis of Salisbury. Foreign Secretary First Lord of the Treasury *Mr. A. J. Balfour. The names marked thus * are those of the Members of the Cabinet, THE TWO ADMINISTRATIONS. LORD SALISBURY'S MINISTRY, continued. Lord Chancellor *Lord Halsbury. Lord President of the Council *Viscount Cranbrook. Lord Privy Seal *Earl Cadogan, Chancellor of the Exchequer *Mr. G. J. Goschen. Home Secretary *Mr. Henry Matthews. Colonial Secretary *Lord Knutsford. Secretary for War *Hon. Edward Stanhope. Indian Secretary *Viscount Cross. First Lord of the Admiralty *Lord George Hamilton, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland Earl of Zetland. Lord Chancellor of Ireland *Lord Ashbourne. Chief Secretary of Ireland Mr. W. L. Jackson. Secretary for Scotland Marquis of Lothian, K.T. President of the Board of Trade *Sir M. E. Hicks Beach. President of the Local Government Board *Mr. C T. Ritchie. President Board of Agriculture H. Chaplin. Postmaster-General Sir James Fergusson. Vice-President of the Council Sir W. H. Dyke. First Commissioner of Works Hon. David Plunket. | Hon. Sidney Herbert. Junior Lords of the Treasury Colonel W, H. Walrond. | Sir Herbert E. Maxwell. Financial Secretary to the Treasury Sir John Gorst. Political Secretary to the Treasury Mr. A. Akers-Douglas. Paymaster-General Judge-Advocate General Sir W. T. Marriott. ( Admiral A. H.Hoskins, K.C.B. Naval Lords of the Admiralty Vice Admiral H. Fairfax, C.B. Vice-Admiral J. 0. Hopkins | Rear-Admiral F. G. D. Bedford, C.B. Civil Lord of the Admiralty Mr. Ellis Ashmead-Bartlett. Secretary to the Admiralty Mr. A. B. Forwood. Home Under Secretary Mr. C. Stuart-Wortley. Foreign Under Secretary Mr. J. W. Lowther. Colonial Under Secretary Baron de Worms. War Under Secretary Earl Brownlow. Indian Under Secretary Secretary to the Board of Trade Lord Balfour of Burleigh. Secretary to the Local Government Board Mr. Walter Long. Financial Secretary of the War Office Hon. W. St. Joho Brodrick, Attorney-General Sir Richard E. Webster. Solicitor-General Sir Edward Clarke. Lord Advocate for Scotland Sir C. T. Pearson. Solicitor-General for Scotland Mr. A. G. Murray. Attorney-General for Ireland Mr. D. H. Madden. Solicitor-General for Ireland Mr. John Atkinson. Lord Steward Earl of Mount Edgcumbe. Lord Chamberlain Earl of Lathom. Master of the Horse Duke of Portland, Master of the Buckhounds Earl of Coventry. Treasurer of the Household Earl of Radnor. Comptroller of the Household Lord Arthur Hill. Vice-Chamberlain Viscount Lewisham, Lord Bridport Lord de Ros. Lord Henniker. Earl of Romney Lords-in-Waiting Lord Elphinstone. Lord Churchill. Earl of Waldegrave, Lord de Ramsay. Captain of the Yeomen of the Guard - Earl of Limerick. Captain of the Corps of Gentlemen-at-Arms Earl of Yarborough. Mistress of the Robes Duchess of Buccleuch. The names marked thus * are those of the Members of the Cabinet. 24 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. MR. GLADSTONE'S MINISTRY. Prime Minister *Mr. Gladstone. First Lord of the Treasury Lord Chancellor *Lord Herschell. Lord President of the Council Lord Privy Seal *Mr. Gladstone. Chancellor of the Exchequer *Sir William Harcourt. Home Secretary *Mr. Asquith. Foreign Secretary *Earl of Rosebery. Colonial Secretary *Marquis of Ripon. War Secretary *Mr. Campbell-Bannerman. Indian Secretary * Earl of Kimberley, First Lord of the Admiralty *Earl Spencer. Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland Lord Houghton. Lord Chancellor of Ireland Mr. Walker. Chief Secretary to the Lord Lieutenant of / *Mr. John Morley. Ireland Secretary for Scotland *Sir George 0. Trevelyan Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster - Mr. Bryce. President of the Board of Trade *Mr. A. J Mundella. President of the Local Government Board Mr. Henry H. Fowler. President of the Board of Agriculture M. Herbert Gardner. Postmaster-General Mr. Arnold Morley. Vice-President of the Council Lord Play fair. First Commissioner of Works Mr. G. J.S. Lefevre. Junior Lords of the Treasury Financial Secretary to the Treasury Mr. Hibbert. Patronage Secretary to the Treasury Rt. Hon. Edward Majoribanks. Paymaster-General Judge-Advocate-General | Adml, Sir A. H. Hoskins, K.C.B. | Vice-Adml. Sir F. W. Richards, K C.B. Naval Lords of the Admiralty Rear-Adml. Lord Walter Kerr. | Rear-Adml. J. A. Fisher, C.B. Civil Lord of Admiralty Edmund Robertson, Esq. Secretary to the Admiralty Sir U. Kay-Shuttleworth, Home Under Secretary Mr. Herbert Gladstone. Foreign Under Secretary Sir Edward Grey. Colonial Under Secretary Mr. Sidney Buxton, M. P. War Under Secretary Lord Sandhurst. Indian Under Secretary Mr. G. W. E. Russell. Secretary to the Board of Trade Mr. T. Burt. Secretary to the Local Government Board Sir W. Foster. Surveyor-General of the Ordnance Financial Secretary to the War Ottice Mr. Woodall. Attorney-General Sir Charles Russell. Solicitor-General Mr. Rigby, Q.C. Lord Advocate Mr. J. B. Balfour. Solicitor-General for Scotland Mr. A. Asher, Q.C. Attorney-General for Ireland The MacDermot. Solicitor-General for Ireland Serjt. Hemphill. Lord Steward Marquis of Bredalbane Lord Chamberlain Earl of Carrington. Master of the Horse Viscount Oxenbridge, Master of the Buckhounds Lord Ribblesdale. Treasurer of the Household Earl of Chesterfield, Comptroller of the Household Mr. Leveson Gower. Vice-Chamberlain Mr. C, R. Spencer. Lords-in-Waiting Lord Kensington. Parliamentary Groom-in-Waiting Captain of the Yeomen of the Guard - Captain of the Corps of Gentlemen-at-Arms Mistress of the Robes The names marked thus * are those of the Members of the Cabinet. FOREIGN CONSULS. COLONIAL OFFICE. Secretary of State.-The Most Noble the Marquis of Ripon, K.G. Private Secretary. Mr. F. St. Quintin. Assistant Private Secretary.-Mr. H. W. Just. Parliamentary Under Secretary.-Mr. Sydney Buxton, M.P. Private Secretary.-Mr. R. L. Antrobur, Permanent Under Secretary.-Hon. R. H. Meade, C.B. Private Secretaries.-Mr. John Anderson and the Master of Elibank. Assistant Under Secretaries.- Mr. John Bramston, D.C.L., C.B.; Mr. Edward Wingfiela, B.C.L., C.B., Edward Fairfield, Esq., C.M.G. Chief Clerk.-Mr. R. P. Ebden. Clerks in the West India Branch.-Mr. J. Hales, Mr. E. H. Wedgwood, Mr.C.A. Harris, Mr. S. Olivier, Crown Agents.-Captain Sir M. F. Ommanney, R.E., K.C.M.G.; Mr. E. E. Blake. Consulting Engineers for Railways.-Sir John Hawkshaw, C.E., Son and Hayter; Sir Charles Hutton Gregory, K.C.M.G., C.E.; Mr. George Berkely, C.E. Shipping Agents.-Messrs. J. & A. B. Freeland. The Crown Agents transact financial, commercial and railway business in the United Kingdom for the Colony of Jamaica. BRITISH AMBASSADORS, &C. Name. Residence. Name. Residence. Rt. Hon. Earl of Dufferin, Paris Sir Julian Pauncefoote, | Washington K.P., G.C.B. K.C.M.G. Rt. Hon. Sir Augustus B. Vienna Sir H. Drummond Wolfe, Madrid Paget, G.C.B. G.C.B., G.C.M.G. Rt. Hon. Sir Francis Clare Constantinople || Sir Spencer St. John, Mexico Ford, G.C.M.G., G.C.B. K.C.M.G. Rt. Hon. Lord Vivian, Rome Col. Sir Charles E. Mans- Lima G.C.M.G., C.B. field, K.C.M.G. Rt. Hon. Sir E. Baldwin Berlin William J. Dickson, Esq. Bogotá Malet, G.C.B., G.C.M.G., Analey C. Gosling, Esq. Guatemala K.C.B. A. de Capel Crowe, Esq. Havana Rt. Hon. Sir Robert B. D. St. Petersburg Arthur Port-au-Prince Morier, G.C.B., G.C.M.G.' C. Malet, Esq. Panama FOREIGN CONSULS IN JAMAICA. CONSULS. VICE-CONSULS AND CONSULAR AGENTS. Country Resi- Country he Residence. Name. he represents. dence. Name. represents. S. H. Wright, Actg. U. S. America G.L. P. Corinaldi, Montego Bay Vacant Spain v.c. 8. Soutar Denmark A. A. Lindo Port Antonio J. Duff Venezuela C. A. Nunes, C.A. Falmouth William Schiller | Austria G.L.P. Corinaldi, 1 Montego Bay Empire of Ger- Acting v.c. Same Sweden many C. A. Nunes, V.C. 15 Falmouth . and S. E. Pietersz Belgium S. C. Peynado, v.c. Black River • | Norway Same The Netherlands Z. Jones, v.c. Sav.-la-Mar J. B. Sorapure St. Domingo W. G. Price, v.c. Milk River B. C. Carvalho, ? S. H. Wright, v.C. Kingston Consul-Generals Hayti C. A. Nunes, C.A. Falmouth 8. Soutar Sweden & Norway G.L.P.Corinaldi, Montego Bay Wm. Schiller Italy J. Gall Ecuador R. W. Harris, c.a. St. Ann's Bay Same Chili C.S. Farquhar- 1 United Sav.-la-Mar A. DeCordova Peru son, C.A. States of W. P. Forwood Costa Rica G. F. Davis America Port Antonio J. J. G. Lewis Salvador A, A. Green Milk River G. C. H. Lewis Guatemala L. D. Baker, Jr., Port Morant W. P. Forwood Colombia C.A. 0.A.Malabre, C.A. France J.J. Lyon, C.A. Port Maria Vacant Honduras D. H. Mendez.c.a.) Old Harbour W. Ruge Greece | S. Soutar, v.c. Venezuela Kingston In Kingston. C.A. • HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. HEADS OF PRINCIPAL NATIONS OF THE WORLD. Governments. Rulers. Title. Year of Birth. Date of Accession. 1871 King Argentine Republic Austria-Hungary Belgium Bolivia Brazil Bulgaria Chili China Colombia Costa Rica Denmark Ecuador Egypt France Germany Anhalt Baden Bavaria Brunswick Besse Mecklenburg-Schwerin Mecklenburg-Strelitz Oldenburg Prussia Saxe-Coburg-Gotha - Saxony Waldeck Wurtemberg Gt. Britain & Ireland Greece Guatemala Hayti Hawaiian Islands Honduras Italy Japan Liberia Madagascar Mexico Montenegro Morocco Muscat Netherlands Nicaragua Paraguay Persia Peru Portugal Roumania Russia San Salvador Sarawak Servia Spain Sweden and Norway - Switzerland Turkey United States of America Uruguay Venezuela Dr. Carlos Pellegrini - President Aug. 6, 1890 Franz Joseph Emperor 1830 Dec. 2, 1848 Leopold II. - King 1835 Dec. 10, 1866 Don Aniceto Arce - President Aug. 15, 1888 Gnl. Floriano Piexotto President Nov. 23, 1891 Ferdinand, Saxe-Coburg Prince 1861 July 7, 1837 Admiral J. Montt - President • 1891 Kuang Hsü Emperor Jan. 12, 1875 Rafael Nunez President Aug. 7, 1886 J.J. Roderiquez President May 8, 1890 Christian IX. King 1818 Nov. 15, 1863 Don Antonio Flores President June 30, 1888 Tewfik Pasha Khedive 1852 June 25, 1879 M. F. Sadi Carnot President 1837 Dec. 3. 1887 Wilhelm II. Emperor 1859 June 15, 1888 Frederick Duke 1831 May 22, 1871 Frederick I. Grand Duke 1826 Sep. 5, 1856 Otto King 1848 June 13, 1886 Prince Albrecht - Regent 1837 Oct. 21, 1885 Louis IV. Grand Duke 1837 June 13, 1877 Frederick Francis III. Grand Duke 1851 April 15, 1883 Frederick Wilhelm - Grand Duke 1819 Sep. 6, 1860 Peter Grand Duke 1827 Feb. 27, 1863 Wilhelm II. King 1859 June 15, 1888 Ernest II. Duke 1818 Jan. 29, 1844 Albert King 1828 Oct. 29, 1873 George Victor Prince 1831 May 15, 1845 William II. Victoria Queen & E. of I. 1819 June 20, 1837 Georgios King 1845 Mar. 30, 1863 M. L. Barillas President ... 1885 H. Hyppolite President Oct. 17, 1889 Lilinokalani Queen 1838 Don P. Leira President 1 Dec. 1890 Humbert 1844 Jan, 9, 1878 Mutsu Hito |Emperor 1852 Feb. 13, 1867 Dr. Blyden ident April 1890 Ranavalona III, - Queen July 13, 1883 Porfirio Diaz President Dec. 1, 1884 Nicolas Prince 1841 Aug. 14, 1860 Muley Hassan Sultan 1831 Sep. 20, 1873 Seyyid Feysalbin Turkee Sultan June 4, 1888 Wilhelmina Queen 1880 Nov. 23, 1890 Dr. Robt. Sacassas - President 1 Mar. 1891 J. G. Gonzalez President Sep. 25, 1890 Nasir-Ed-Din Shah 1829 Sep. 10, 1848 R. M. Bermudez President Aug. 10, 1890 Carlos 1863 Oct. 19, 1889 Charles 1839 Mar. 26, 1881 Alexander III. Emperor 1845 Mar. 11, 1881 C. Ezeta President Sep. 11, 1890 Sir Charles J. Brooke - Raja June 11. 1868 Alexander 1876 Mar 6, 1889 Alfonzo XIII. (a Minor) 1886 May 17, 1886 Oscar II. King 1829 Sep. 18, 1872 Emil Welti President Dec. 1891 Abdul Hamid II. Sultan 1842 Aug. 31, 1876 B. Harrison President 1833 Mar. 4, 1889 J. H. y Obes President Mar. 1, 1890 R. A, Palacio President Mar. 19, 1890 King King King 1829 King King COLONIAL POSSESSIONS. COLONIAL POSSESSIONS. The following Table exhibits the date and mode of acquisition, the area, popula. tion, revenue and debt of the whole of the Colonial Possessions of Great Britain. Colonies. Date and Mode of Area Population, Revenue, Debt, Acquisition. in Square Census 1891. 1890. 1891. Miles. EUROPE- Cyprus - Treaty 1878 3,584 209,291 1 94,936 92,800 a year to Turkey 78,368 62,462 261,254 - Treaty ted 1,622,877 399,044 2,616,500 200,000 853,825 4,513 5,800 5,853 47 4,430,050 23,748,920 1,422,688 5,060,354 777,477 781,149 8,729 1,250 73,708 58,454 30,573 156,449 56,341 41,674 45,312 69 32,394 7,620 Gibraltar Capture 1704 17-3 19,100 Malta and Gozo - Ditto 1800 119 164,692 ASIA- Ceylon Capitulation 1796 25,365 3,008,329 Hong Kong Treaty 1843 32 221,441 Separated Straits Settlements from India 1867 1,542 506,577 Labuan Cession 1846 301 AFRICA Cape of Good Hope Capitulation 1806 217,895 1,527,224 Natal Settlement 1838 20,461 543,913 Mauritius, &c. Capitulation 1810 881 258,985 St. Helena Capture 1651 3,877 Sierra Leone Settlement 1787 4,000 74,835 Gambia Settlement 1631 Resettlem’nt1817 14,266 Gold Coast Settlement 1661 38,665 1,500,000 Lagos Cession 1861 1,0712 85,607 Zululand 9,000 143,028 Bechuanaland 64,503 AMERICA- Bermuda Settlement 1609 191 15,013 British Columbia - Ditto 390,344 92,767 Ontario s Capitulation 1759 | 144,600 2,112,989 Quebec & Cession 1763 S 193,355 11,488,586 Settlement by Manitoba Hudson's B.Co. 73,720 154,442 New Brunswick - Settlement 1623 27,322 521,294 Nova Scotia - Settlement 1623 21,731 450,523 Prince Edward Island Settlement 1623 2,133 109,088 North West Terri- tory Islands in the Taken from Hudson's Bay 2,553,337 99,722 Arctic Ocean and Hudson's Bay Company 1871 Newfoundland - Settled 1583 162,000 202,100 British Guiana - Capitulation 1803 109,000 288,328 British Honduras - Treaties1783-1786 6,400 31,471 Falkland Islands - Settlement 1833 7,500 1,789 WEST INDIES- Antigua and Barbuda Settlement 1632 170 36,119 Bahamas Ditto 1670 4,466 47,565 Barbados Ditto 1605 166 182,322 Dominica Cession 1763 291 26,841 Grenada Ditto 1763 133 53,203 Jamaica, &c. Capitulation 1655 4,193 639,491 Montserrat Settlement 1632 32: 11,762 Nevis Ditto 1628 43,963 St. Christopher Ditto 1623,1650 68 St. Lucia Capitulation 1803 42,220 St. Vincent Cession 1763 133 41,054 Tobago Ditto 1763 115 Capitulation 1797 Trinidad 208,030 1,754 Turks Island Settlement 1629 169 4,744 Virgin Islands Ditto 1665 4,639 7,711.290 57,979,847 290,907 560,201 66,427 9,492 827,725 770,347 11,150 50 46,334 26,871 54,826 81,426 186,179 30,100 21,574 41,190 49,267 63,391 784,383 | 1,490,586 6,732 2,700 42,955 20,000 50,232 133,700 27,047 12,270 468,559 532,320 11,440 1,762 243 58 02 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. COLONIAL POSSESSIONS, continued. I Area Population, Date and Mode of in Square Census 1891. opulation, Revenue, Acquisition. | Miles. 1890. Colonies. Debt, 1891. AUSTRALIA- New South Wales & & sotti Settlement 1787 310,712 1,134,207 9,498,620 48,425,333 Norfolk Island Separation from Victoria N.S. Wales 1851 1} 87,884 1,140,405 8,519,159 41,377,693 Queensland Separation from i N.S. Wales 1859 668,497 393,718 3,260,308 28,105,684 Tasmania Settlement 1803 26,215 146,795 | 758,100 6,432,800 South Australia - Ditto 1836 903,690 315,048 2,557,772 20,401,500 New Zealand Ditto 1841 104,471 667,846 4,208,029 37,359,157 Western Australia - Ditto 1829 1,060,000 54.000 497.670 1.509.062 Fiji Cession 1874 7,135 | 121,180 I 66,817 1 248,959 GOVERNORS. The following is a List of the Governors and other Officers Administering the Government in the British Colonies and their places of residence and salaries :- Colonies. Name of Officer Administering Government. Place of Residence. Salary, 4,000 5,000 5,000 8,000 5,000 6,000 380 *9,000 burg EUROPE Cyprus Sir W. J. Sendall, G.C.M.G. Nicosia Gibraltar Gen. Sir Lothian Nicholson, K.C.B. In Fortress Malta Lt.-General H, A. Smyth, R.A., Valletta K.C.M.G. ASIA- Ceylon Sir A. E. Havelock, K.C.M.G. Colombo Hong Kong Sir W. Robinson, K.C.M.G. Victoria Straits Settlements - | Sir C. C, Smith, K.C.M.G. Singapore Labuan C. V. Creagh, Esq. Victoria AFRICA- Cape of Good Hope Sir H. B. Loch, G.C.M.G., K.C.B. - | Cape Town and Brit. Kaffraria / Natal Pietermaritz- Sir C. B. H. Mitchell, K.C.M.G. Bechuanaland Lt. Gen. E. Newdigate, C.B. Mafeking Basutoland Sir M. J. Clarke, K.C.M.G. Maseru Zululand Melmoth Osborn, Esq., C.M.G. Eschowe Mauritius Sir C. C. Lees, K.C.M.G. Port Louis St. Helena W. Grey Wilson. Esa. James Town Sierra Leone Sir Francis Flemming, K.C.M.G. Free Town Bathurst, St. ? Gambia R. B. Llewelyn, C.M.G. Mary's Gold Coast Sir W. B. Griffith, K.C.M.G. Accra Lagos G. T. Carter, C.M.G. Lagos AMERICA- Bermuda Lt.-Gen. E. Newdegate-Newdigate,? | | Hamilton C.B. Canada Lord Stanley of Preston, G.C.B. - Ottawa British Columbia Hon. Hugh Nelson Victoria, V. I. Ontario Sir Alex. Campbell, K.C.M.G. Toronto Quebec Hon, A. R. Angers, Q.C. Quebec Manitoba Hon. J. C. Schultz Winnipeg New Brunswick Sir S. L. Tilley, K.C.M.G., C.B. Frederickton Nova Scotia Hon. M. B. Daly Halifax | Prince Edward Island Hon. J. S. Carvell Charlotte Town Ă IN.W. Territories - Hon. Joseph Royal Regina Newfoundland Sir J. T. N. O'Brien, K.C.M.G. - St. John's British Guiana Rt.Hon. Visct. Gormanston, K.C.M.G. Georgetown British Honduras - Sir A. Maloney, K.C.M.G.- 3,000 1,800 1,500 1,200 6,000 500 2,500 1,300 3,000 2,000 Dom. of Canada. 2,946 10,000 1,800 2,000 2,000 2,000 1,800 1,800 1,400 1,400 2,500 5,000 1,800 1,200 | Belize Falkland Islands - Sir R. T. Goldsworthy, K.C.M.G. - * Of this sum £3,000 is Salary as High Commissioner and £1,000 personal allowance. GOVERNORS. GOVERNORS, continued. Name of Officer Administering Government. Colonies. Place of Residence. Salary. 6,000 500 2,000 5,000 3,000 2,500 800 600 800 WEST INDIES, Jamaica Sir H. A. Blake, K.C.M.G. St. Andrew's Turks Islands Henry Higgins, Esq. Grand Turk Bahamas - Sir Ambrose Shea, K.C.M.G. Nassau Trinidad - Sir N. Broom, K.C.M.G. Port of Spain Barbados Sir J. S. Hay, K.C.M.G. Bridgetown Windward Islands, , Hon. Sir W. Hely Hutchinson, K.C.M.G., (Governor-in-Chief St. George Grenada 11 of Windward Islands) St. Vincent - I. C. Maling, Esq. - Kingstown Tobago L. G. Hay, Esq. Scarborough St. Lucia Brigade Surgeon Gouldsbury, C.M.G. Castries Leeward Islands Antigua Sir W. F. Haynes Smith, C.M.G. - St. John's Montserrat E. Baynes, Esq. Plymouth St. Christopher and J.S. Churchill, Esq. Basseterre Nevis Virgin Islands - E. J. Cameron, Esq. Tortola Dominica G.R. LeHunte, Esq. Roseau AUSTRALIA- New South Wales & | Rt. Hon, the Earl of Jersey, G.C.M.G. Sydney Norfolk Island Victoria The Earl of Hopetoun, G.C.M.G. - Melbourne Queensland - Sir H. W. Norman, G.C.B.,G.C.M.G., Brisbane Y C.I.E. Tasmania Sir R. Hamilton, K.C.B. Robart Town South Australia - Rt. Hon. the Earlof Kintore, G C.M.G. Adelaide New Zealand Rt. Hon. the Earlof Glasgow, G.C.M.G | Wellington Western Australia - Sir W. C. F. Robinson, K.C.M.G. - Perth Fiji Islands Sir John Bates Thurston, K.C.M.G. | Suva British New Guinea | Sir Wm. McGregor, M.D., K.C.M.G. | Port Moresby 3,000 500 600 300 606 7,000 10,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5.000 4,000 2,000 1,500 30 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. PART III. DESCRIPTION OF JAMAICA. (By Thomas Harrison, late Surreyor-General.) Tue Island of Jamaica is situated between 17° 43' and 18° 32' N. lat., and 76° 11' and 78° 20' 50" W. long., about 5,000 miles to the south-west of England, 100 miles west of St. Domingo and 90 miles south of Cuba, 445 miles north of Carthagena and 540 miles from Colon. Jamaica is bounded on the north and east by that part of the Caribbean Sea which separates the Islands of Cuba and St. Domingo from Jamaica and which at its north-eastern part is called " The Windward Passage," the waters of which mingle with those of the Atlantic Ocean. On the south and west Jamaica is washed by the Caribbean Sea. The Islands of Grand and Little Cayman, with Cayman Brac, are situated. the former about 156 miles and the two latter about 110 miles north-west of Negril Point. The Pedro Bank and Cays commence about 40 miles south of Portland Point and extend westerly for 100 miles; this bank is about three- fourths of the size of Jamaica. The Morant Cays are 36 miles from Morant Point in a south-easterly direction. These several islands and cays, together with the Turks and Caicos Islands, are all dependencies of the Island of Jamaica. The nearest part of the Continent of America to Jamaica is Cape Gracias á Dios, in the Mosquitto Territory, which is 310 miles south-west of the west-end of Jamaica. From its central situation as regards the other West Indian Islands and the fact of its being in the direct track between Europe, the United States and the Isthmus of Panama Jamaica cannot but furnish advantages and conveniences for trade and commerce between these points which are not to be found elsewhere. Should a ship canal uniting the Ailantic and Pacific ever be con- structed Jamaica will undoubtedly be a necessary branch of that enormous undertaking, and must largely benefit by the increased traffic that will pass in this direction. The aboriginal name of Jamaica was Xaymaca, a word supposed to imply an overflowing abundance of rivers. Bridges tells us that the name is de. rived from two Indian words, Chabaüan signifying water and Makia wood. The compound sound would approach to Chab-makia; and, harmonized to the Spanish ear, would be Cha-makia, corrupted by us to Jamaica—“denoting a land covered with wood and, therefore, watered by shaded rivulets, or, in other words, fertile.” The extreme length of Jamaica is 144 miles, its greatest width is 49 miles and its least width (from Kingston to Annotto Bay) is 211 miles. The island is divided into three counties and fourteen parishes, namely:- SURREY. MIDDLESEX. CORNWALL. Square Miles. Square Miles. Square Miles. 470 249 Kingston St. Andrew St. Thomas Portland 7% 166 274 285 St. Catherine St. Mary Clarendon St. Ann Manchester 474 St. Elizabeth Trelawny St. James Hanover Westmoreland 462 333 234 167 308 476 302 Total 1 7326 Total 1,971 1 Total 1,504 DESCRIPTION OF JAMAICA. 31 giving a total of 4,20 square miles, equal to 2,692,587 acres, of which only about 646 square miles, or 413,440 acres, are flat, consisting of alluvium, marl and swamps. GENERAL GEOLOGICAL FORMATION. The foundation or basis of the island is composed of igneous rocks, over- laying which are several distinct formations. COUNTY OF SURREY. The coast formation is of white and yellow lime-stone; the interior consists chiefly of the metamorphosed and trappean series, with carbonaceous shales and conglomerate. The greater part of this country is very mountainous ; the only flats are the plain of Liguanea (north of Kingston) and the valleys of the Morant and Plantain Garden Rivers, and smaller flats at and near the mouths of the other chief rivers. Mineral deposits are numerous in the moun- tain districts. Iron, copper, lead, manganese and cobalt have been found and worked to some extent, but no profitable industry has been the result. Marble of good quality has also been found at the head of the Blue Mountain Valley. The only volcanic formation in the island is that at Lowlayton and Retreat Estates in the Parish of Portland, a mile from the sea; there is, however, no defined crater, and the volcanic materials are the only evidences remaining. COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX. The Parish of St. Mary exhibits a great diversity of formation, consisting of white and yellow lime-stone carbonaceous shales, metamorphosed, por- phyritic, granite and conglomerate rocks, with many mineral-bearing rocks. The district of St. Thomas-in-the-Vale is of granitic formation, overlaid considerably by cretaceous and white lime-stone and marl beds. St. Catherine possesses an extensive alluvial flat stretching from Kingston Harbour to the boundary of Clarendon; the rest of the parish is of whitelime- stone. In Upper Clarendon the metamorphosed trappean and conglomerate series prevail; the central districts are of white lime-stone, and the southern part, with the district of Vere, is alluvium, and embraces an area of about 132 square miles, which is the largest continuous flat in the island. The mineral deposits of Upper Clarendon are considerable, and, it is believed, offer a fair field for mining enterprise. The Parishes of Manchester and St. Ann consist almost entirely of white lime-stone. COUNTY OF CORNWALL. The Parish of St. Elizabeth has an extensive area of alluvium from the boundary of Manchester to the boundary of Westmoreland, narrowing so considerably at Lacovia that the north and south lime-stones nearly meet; much of this flat is covered by swamp. In the north-east of the parish there is also an extensive flat called the Nassau Valley. The rest of the parish is white lime-stone with some patches of yellow lime-stone. The Parish of Westmoreland also presents extensive alluvial deposits and marl beds. The north-western part of the parish furnishes trappean rocks with yellow and cretaceous lime-stone. The eastern part is chiefly white lime-stone with some trap formations at the head of the Great River. In Trelawny the district called “ The Black Grounds” consists of trap formation. The rest of the parish is of white lime-stone with some alluvial valleys; that called “The Queen of Spain's Valley," on the borders of and extending into the Parish of St. James, is remarkable for its picturesque beauty and great fertility. 32 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. The interior of St. James presents a trappean formation, with some over- laying yellow and cretaceous lime-stones. The rest is of white lime-stone with some alluvial deposits round the coast. The eastern part of Hanover is chiefly white lime-stone, and the western part black shale, with some metamorphosed rocks and yellow lime-stone. MOUNTAIN RANGES. The surface of the island is extremely mountainous and attains consider- able altitudes, particularly in the eastern part where the central range is known as the Blue Mountains. The following table will give a general idea of the areas in square miles embraced in the different zones of elevation, above sea level, in the several parishes :- Area below 1000 feet. PARISHES. 1000 feet to 2000 feet. 2000 feet to 3000 feet. 19. i 3000 feet to 4000 feet. 4000 feet to 5000 feet. Total Areas in Square Miles. 5000 feet and upwards. - TE .00 166 274 89 116 135 94 110 85 166 139 161 337 Kingston St. Andrew St. Thoinas Portland St. Mary St. Ann Trelawny St. James Hanover Westmoreland . St. Elizabeth . Manchester Clarendon St. Catherine 1 . o 285 249 476 333 234 167 308 462 302 235 73 335 42 314 336 120 134 115 124 126 45 10 474 470 Totals . 2,2173 1,4523 400 | 4,207] From the above table it will be observed that a great diversity of climate is obtainable, from a tropical temperature of 80° to 86° at the sea coast the Thermometer falls to 45° and 50° on the tops of the highest mountains, and with a dryness of atmosphere that renders the climate of the mountains of Jamaica particularly delightful and suitable to the most delicate constitutions, The midland parts of the island are, of course, the highest. Through the County of Surrey, and partly through Middlesex, there runs the great central chain which trends generally in an east and west direction, the highest part of which is the Blue Mountain Peak attaining an elevation of 7,360 feet. From this range subordinate ridges or spurs run northerly to the north- side of the island, and southerly to the south-side ; these ridges in their turn are the parents of other smaller ridges, which branch off in every direc- tion with considerable regularity and method; and they again throw off other ridges, until the whole surface of the country is cut up into a series of ridges, with intervening springs or gullies. * For a more complete account of the Geology of the Island see Sawkins's Geology of Jamaica. DESCRIPTION OF JAMAICA. 33 Many of these subordinate ridges vie with the main ridge in importance and elevation; such, for instance, as the great ridge starting from Catherine's Peak, above Newcastle, and passing through the Parish of St. Andrew in a south-easterly direction, culminating at great elevations at Newton and Bellevue, and expending itself at Albion in the Parish of St. Thomas. Also the ridge known as Queensbury Ridge, starting from the Blue Mountain Peak, passing by Arntully, Belle Clair and Windsor Castle, where it is known as Coward's Ridge, and extending to the sea at Belvedere and Creigh- ton Hall, to the north of which place it forms the conspicuous mountain known as Yallahs Hill, 2,348 feet high. On the northern side of the island three great ridges may be mentioned. One extending from the Blue Mountain Peak through the Parish of Portland, dividing the waters of the Rio Grande from those of the Swift River, and expending itself at St. Margaret's and Hope Bays. Another starting from Silver Hill, dividing the waters of the Buff Bay and Spanish Rivers, and the other very high ridge extending from Fox's Gap, at the boundary of St. Mary and Portland, north-easterly, culminating in a conspicuous elevation called Hay Cock Hill, 2,500 feet above the sea, and terminating on the coast near Dover. The Blake Mountains, which run in a north-westerly and south-easterly direction in the Parishes of Portland and St. Thomas, divide the Rio Grande Valley from the eastern coast of the island. They form a plateau of about 2,000 feet elevation rather than a mountain range. In their higher parts they are a barren, waterless tract of lime-stone formation ; much of it covered by the sharp rocks known as honeycombed rocks, over which it is almost impossi. ble to walk. The Blake Mountains may be said to be an offshoot from the great central range which, from the depression known as the Cuna Cuna Gap, north of the Town of Bath, turns suddenly northerly and forms itself into this plateau. The central range suffers a considerable depression at Stony Hill, in the Parish of St. Andrew, where the main road to the north side crosses it at an elevation of 1,360 feet. Here the range is divided into two ridges; one of lime-stone formation, extending westerly through the district known as Mammee Hill, reaches a conspicuous elevation known as Lunan Mountain, at Highgate, in St. Catherine, and expends itself at Bog Walk; the other, which is the continuation of the central dividing ridge, is of granite formation and extends in a north-westerly direction. It passes the district of Lawrence's Tavern and Mount Charles, where it commences to form the boundary line be- tween the Parishes of St. Mary on the north and St. Catherine on the south side: continuing north-westerly it passes Pear Tree Grove and turns suddenly to the south-west at Windsor Castle and Decoy, and it then joins the lime-stone formation at Guy's Hill and Middlesex township, continuing as a well-defined range to Mount Diablo, where the main road crosses it at an elevation of 1,800 feet. It continues on to Holly Mount, a little beyond which it unites with the St. John's range, which forms the eastern boundary of Lluidas Vale. From this point, although these mountains continue as a separate range, they become irregular and broken, chiefly on account of their lime-stone character, and with this formation they extend through the Parish of St. Ann, expending themselves in the Cockpit country to the east of the district called “The Black Grounds”o in the Parish of Trelawny. To the south of * So called from the rich black soil in contra-distinction to the red soil of Manchester. 34 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. this locality, along the borders of Clarendon and Manchester, the trappean series is again met with and two great inland rivers flow there. Running in an irregular north-westerly line, almost parallel with the last range of mountains described, is another lime-stone range which may be said to commence from the western bank of the Rio Minho or Dry River above Lime Savanna, and, forming first the range known as Mocho Mountains, it includes the Whitney Valley and joins the Manchester Mountain range at Cumberland. Thence trending north-westerly it passes through the northern district of Manchester and enters the Parish of St. Elizabeth at Hector's River Sink; thence it continues on to Accompong Town and becomes lost in a peculiarly wild formation of what is usually known as Cockpit Land. In this quarter, and extending for a considerable distance into the Parishes of Trelawny and St. James, the Cockpit Land bids defiance to the tra- veller. This formation is of white lime-stone, sharp, irregular and jagged, with little earth, and formed into a series of circular arenas like inverted cones with extremely irregularsides, but preserving the circular formation through- out and terminating in most instances with a sink hole at the apex. These arenas are of all diameters, from half-a-chain to two and three chains The ridges or edges where these cones unite are, of course, very irregular and sharp, presenting very steep or vertical rocks of considerable height. Such a country may be said to be inaccessible. The May Day and Carpenter's Mountains pass through the Parish of Man- chester in a diagonal direction. Commencing at the Round Hill in Vere, at the south-east extremity of Manchester, they traverse the parish to its north- western angle, where they join the main ridge near the Hector's River Sink; one off-shoot forming the Nassau Mountains of St. Elizabeth. The Santa Cruz Mountains in the Parish of St. Elizabeth run parallel with the Manchester Mountains. They commence at the sea at the precipice oalled “The Lover's Leap," 1,660 feet high, and terminate near Lacovia, where the passage of the Black River produces a break in the hills. These mountains, as well as those of Manchester, are considered generally very salubrious. Another range of mountains, a continuation of the same line as the Santa Cruz Mountains, commences above Lacovia, to the north, and extends to Mul. grave near the line of St. James, and traverses the Parish of St. James in a northerly direction, terminating in the hills south of Montego Bay. The last and most westerly range of mountains, extending through West- moreland and Hanover, commences about the locality called “ Middle Quar- ters” and extends northerly, with some irregularities, to Chesterfield at the head of the Great River, which forms the boundary between St. James and Westmoreland ; it then trends north-westerly to Chester Castle and Knock. alva, near the boundary of the Parishes of Westmoreland and Hanover, and then westerly, culminating in a conspicuous hill called * Dolphin Head,"with an elevation of 1,816 feet, and terminating in several small ridges towards the west-end of the island. There is also a coast line in Westmoreland called “The Blue Fields or Surinam Range," commencing at Middle Quar- ters in St. Elizabeth and extending towards Savanna-la-Mar. ELEVATIONS. The following are a few of the elevations, above the sea, of the principal mountains and passes through them, commencing from the eastern end of the island, most of which are taken from Sawkins's Geology of Jamaica :- DESCRIPTION OF JAMAICA 35 Names. Elevation in Feet. Names. Elevation in Feet. 2,100 2,698 7,360 5,549 Blake Mountains, average . Cuna Cuna Pass Blue Mountain Western Peak. Portland Gap Sir John's Peak (highest point il of Cinchona Plantation) Belle Vue, Cinchona Plantation Arntully Gap Hagley Gap Morce's Gap Content Gap Newcastle Hospital Flamstead Belle Vue (Mr. Pinnock's) Silver Hill Gap Catherine's Peak Cold Spring Gap Hardware Gap Fox's Gap Stony Hill (where main road / crosses it) Guy's Hill Mount Diablo, highest point . " " where road crosses Bull Head Mandeville Accompong Town Dolphin Head 3,513 5,036 4,523 4,079 3,967 1,360 2,100 2,300 6,100 5,017 2,754 1,959 4,945 3,251 3,800 3,663 3,784 1,800 2,885 2,131 1,409 1,816 RIVERS AND GENERAL DESCRIPTION. The numerous rivers and springs which abound along the coast in most parts of the island to a considerable extent justify the name of “ The Land of Springs," although there are extensive districts in the midland and western parts of the island singularly barren of water. When it is remembered that the chief range of mountains, or back-bone of the island, runs generally east and west, it will be easily understood that the chief rivers, starting from the northern and southern slopes of this range, would generally have a north and south direction ; that is, those streams rising on the northern side of the great ridge flow northerly to the northside, while those which emanate from the southern slopes run south- erly to the southside. There are some exceptions to this general rule, the chief of which is the Plantain Garden River in the Parish of St. Thomas, which, rising in the Cuna Cuna Mountains, runs southerly in its upper course, but suddenly meeting the coast range of hills turns easterly, and flowing through the fertile district to which it gives its name, empties itself at Holland Bay. Another is the Montego River, which, although it flows northerly in its upper course, turns westerly through the greater part of its flow, discharging at Montego Bay. There are interior rivers (which have no outlet) which are also exceptions to this general rule, such as the Cave and Hector's Rivers. While most of the rivers have generally northerly and southerly directions, it must not be forgotten that the subordinate ridges which are nearly at right angles to these lines will produce subordinate streams, meeting the rivers on their eastern and western bank. In consequence of the great elevations from which most of the rivers flow they are very rapid in their descent, and, in times of flood, become formid. able torrents, sweeping everything before them and operating as dangerous obstructions to the traveller. It may, however, be mentioned that many of these rivers are now having substantial bridges erected across them. Some of the chief of these are the Plantain Garden River already mentioned, and the Morant and Yallahs in the Parish of St. Thomas. The Rio Grande, in the Parish of Portland, is one of the finest rivers in the island; it flows from the northern slopes of the Blue Mountains. The Back and Stony Rivers, two of its great affluents, furnish not only some of the loftiest and most picturesque waterfalls but the wildest and most romantic scenery in the island. It was on one of these naturally fortified ridges, nearly surrounded by the Stony River, that the notorious Nanny, the renowned Maroon leader, held out against the regular troops about the year 1739. DESCRIPTION OF JAMAICA. 37 terminates in several sinks in a wild and broken country. This river again makes its appearance at Oxford, in Manchester, where it goes by the name of One Eye River, and, again sinking there, it passes through a ridge to the north of the Bogue Hill and rises in considerable body at Mexico and Island Es- tates, from which points to the sea it is called the Black River. This is certainly the finest river in the island. With a tortuous course of about 44 miles it debouches at Black River Bay near the town of that name. This river is navigable for boats of considerable size for a distance of about 25 miles, and is used for conveying the produce of a large district to the sea. The Black River receives several tributaries of considerable size, which are also partially navigable, such as the Y. S., Broad, Grass and Horse Savanna Rivers. The Rio Minho or Dry River rises with numerous tributaries in the Claren. don Mountains, and, flowing through the entire length of the Parish of Claren- don and district of Vere, discharges near Carlisle Bay. In consequence of the arenaceous character of the soil the water of this river sinks a little below Longville Estate, 16 miles from the sea. The lower part of this river, say from Seven Plantations Estate to a little above the Alley in Vere, is, therefore, usually dry, except a considerable spring at Parnassus Estate where the water flows for a short distance; the water ap- pearing a little above the Alley flows to the sea. In floods this is a most formidable river and formerly when “down," as the expression is, all communication along the south side of the island was cut off; but a few years ago the Government erected a very fine iron bridge across the river at May Pen, which has answered all expectations. The Cock Pit and Salt Rivers are short but deep rivers. The Milk River is also a very fine river and is navigable for some miles up. A considerable quantity of logwood and fruit is shipped from this river. Along the foot of the Manchester Mountains considerable water rises and, with short channels, flows to the sea. The largest of these rivers are the Alligator Hole, Swift and Gut Rivers. Trelawny furnishes only one river of importance ; this is the Martha Brae River. This river rises at Windsor in the interior of the parish and seems to be the waters of the Quashie and Mouth Rivers, as well as many other small streams which are interior rivers that rise and sink in the black grounds. The Martha Brae is a fine river, navigable for some distance up, and dis- charges to the east of Falmouth. The Montego River rises in the trap formation near Maroon Town and is there called Tangle River. It sinks and re-appears, and, after receiving nu- merous tributaries, enters the sea south of the Town of Montego Bay. The Great River is the boundary of St. James next to Hanover and Westmore- land. It is a long river, but has few tributaries, the Lamb's and Seven Rivers being the chief. The rivers of Hanover are the Flint, Maggotty, Lucea (east and west), Lance's, Davis, Cove, Pell and Green Island Rivers ; none of these are large rivers or demand any special notice. In Westmoreland the chief river is the Cabaritta. This is also a very fine river and, with its tributaries, the Thicket and Morgan's Rivers, waters the alluvial districts of the parish. There are also the Dean's Valley or Sweet River," New Savanna and Negril Rivers. # The Town of Savanna-la-Mar is supplied with water from this River. 38 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. CAVERNS. The lime-stone formation, so prevalent in Jamaica, furnishes many caverns and sink holes of great size and grandeur, the chief of which is the beauti- ful cave at the place called Cave Hall Pen, two miles east of Dry Harbour. near the main road. This cave is of great length and has two branches; the various apartments are designated grottoes, halls, domes and galleries; and the stalactites and stalagmites, formed by the dripping of calcareous water, glittering in the torch light, impart a magical effect to the scene. The Grand Cave at River Head in St. Thomas-in-the-Vale is a very re- markable place. The Rio Cobre, after sinking at Worthy Park, emerges from this cave. It is of great dimensions and in former years was a favo- rite resort for picnics; it is traversable, with the assistance of a raft to cross some deep water, for a distance of over a quarter of a mile, until the “flood- gate" is reached where the water gushes from the rock. The cave at Mexico in St. Elizabeth is probably the longest in the island; it is nearly a mile from the One Eye Gulf to Mexico Gulf (the mouth of the cave). The One Eye or Black River passes through this cave. It has been explored for some distance in, but, in consequence of some deep bodies of water obstructing the passage, less is known of it than of the Rio Cobre Cave. A thorough exploration of this cave would be most interest- ing. and stalagmites here show to great effect. There is also a very fine cave at Mount Plenty in St. Ann, which can be traversed for a distance of ten chains; it has two branches and the vaulted chambers are particularly fine. At some distance from the mouth it is illuminated by a sink hole from the top. Another very fine cave is that from which the Mouth River flows in the black grounds of the Parish of Trelawny. There is also a remarkable cave near this at Spring Garden. The cave at Portland, in Vere, is very fine, and used formerly to be a great place for picnics. There is also a remarkable cave and subterranean river at Epping Forest in the Parish of Manchester. There are numerous other caves of smaller dimensions throughout the island. Sink holes, as already stated, are also very numerous. The Light Hole at Tingley's in St. Ann is a sink hole on a large scale. This is a great arena of vertical rocks some three or four chains in diameter and of consider- able depth, with large trees growing at the bottom. Many of the sink holes and caves throughout the island have springs at the bottom, such as the Governor's Cave at Healthshire; a sink hole near Fort Clarence opposite Port Royal; a cave near Salt River; one at Swansea in Lluidas Vale, &c. MINERAL SPRINGS. There are many mineral springs in Jamaica, most of them possessing valu- able qualities for the cure of various diseases and infirmities of the body. Two of these are particularly famed, namely, the hot sulphurous spring at Bath and the warm salt spring at Milk River. There are public institutions maintained at both these springs for the benefit of those unfortunately requiring relief. The spring at Bath in the Parish of St. Thomas is the hottest in the island ; the temperature at the fountain head is 126° to 128° F., but the water loses about 9 degrees of heat in its transit to the baths. These waters are sulphuric and contain a large proportion of hydro-sulphate of lime; they are not purgative and are bene. POPULATION AND VITAL STATISTICS. 39 ficial in gout, rheumatism, gravelly complaints, cutaneous affections and fevers. Some new buildings have lately been erected for the accommodation of visitors, and the management is creditable. It is remarkable that a cold spring flows from the same hill-side, near the hot spring, so that cold and hot water are delivered alongside of each other at the bath. The bath at Milk River in the district of Vere is one of the most remark. able in the world. It is a warm, saline, purgative bath; the temperature is 92° F. It is particularly efficacious in the cure of gout, rheumatism, para- lysis and neuralgia; also in cases of disordered liver and spleen. Some won- derful results are on record, and it is believed that if the beneficial effects of these waters were more generally known in Europe and America a large number of sufferers would be attracted to them. The buildings are exten. sive; they have lately been repaired and improved, and comfortable accom. modation at a moderate charge can now be obtained by visitors. The Spa Spring, or Jamaica Spa, as it is called, at Silver Hill in St. An. drew, was formerly maintained as a Government Institution and extensive buildings once existed there, but they have long gone to decay and the spring is neglected. These waters are chalybeate, ærated, cold, tonic; beneficial in most cases of debility, particularly after fever, in dropsy and stomach com- plaints. Another similar spring, but not so strong a chaly beate, exists at St. Faith in the district of St. John. There is also a remarkable spring at Moffat, on the White River, a tribu- tary of the Negro River in the Blue Mountain Valley. These waters are sulphuric, cold and purgative, useful in itch and all cutaneous diseases. A simi. lar spring exists near the source of the Cabaritta River in Hanover. The spring at Windsor, near St. Ann's Bay, was once brought into con- siderable prominence in consequence of some remarkable cures effected by its use. People from all parts of the island visited it and the water was carried away to great distances. It is still a favourite among the peasantry, and it is said to possess wonderful powers in healing ulcers, &c. There are warm springs at Garbrand Hall on the east branch of the Mo- rant River, and on the Adam's River, near the Blue Mountain Ridge in the Parish of St. Thomas. The well known spring at New Brighton, in St. Catherine, is the favourite bath of the inhabitants of Spanish Town. A mineral spring also occurs on the sea edge at Manatee Bay, also in St. Catherine. Another possessing some qualities of importance is to be found at Golden Vale in Portland; and there are salt springs near the Ferry on the Kingston and Spanish Town road, and at Salt River in Vere; and in many other loca- lities salt-water springs are found and some impregnated with soda or other alkalies. POPULATION AND VITAL STATISTICS. THE population of Jamaica, according to the Census of 1891, was 639,491, or 56,681 in excess of the population of 1881; and 133,337 in excess of the population of 1871. The total estimated population on the 31st March, 1892, was 649,524. The births registered in the year 1891-92 numbered 24,744, giving a rate of 38.3 on the estimated mean population, HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. The following shows the annual Birth-rates for seven years, 1885-86 to 1891-92:- Annual Rate per 1,000 Year. Estimated Mean Population. 1885-86 36.1 1886–87 34.7 1887-88 39.1 1888-89 35 3 1889-90 35.6 1890–91 38.4 1891-92 38.3 The deaths registered in the year ended 31st March, 1892, numbered 14,711 be- ing in the proportion of 22-7 to each 1,000 of mean population. Below are shown the annual death-rates for seven years 1885–86 to 1891-92 : -- Annual Rate per 1,000 Year. Estimated Mean Population. 1885-86 1886–87 1887-88 1888-89 1889-90 1890-91 1891-92 23.3 24.2 22.3 22.2 28.0 25.0 22.7 POPULATION OF THE PARISHES. Census, 1891. Census, 1881. Males. Females. Total. Males. Females. Total. Increase. Decrease. 9,938 2,873 1,769 Kingston St. Andrew St. Thomas Portland St. Mary St. Ann 3,097 3,219 7,543 ... Trelawny 20,114 28,390 48,504 15,928 22,638 38,566 18.318 19,537 37,855 17,251 17,731 34,982 15,556 16,620 32,176 16,819 17,126 33,945 15,664 16,334 31,998 14,294 14,607 28,901 21,267 1 21,648 42,915 20,010 19,686 39,696 26,254 27,873 54,127 22,831 23,753 46,584 14,326 16,670 30,996 15,556 16,559 32,115 16,063 18,987 35,050 15,845 17,810 33,625 15,402 16,686 32,088 | 14,518 15,049 29,567 25,820 27,630 53.450 24,549 24,486 | 49,035 29,915 32,341 62,256 26,612 27,763 54,375 27,173 29,289 55,462 23,622 24,836 48,458 28,338 28,767 57,105 25,180 24,665 49,845 31,738 33,771 65,509 29,972 31,138 61,110 305,948 333,543 639,491 282,057 297,847 550,804 St. James Hanover Westmoreland St. Elizabeth Manchester Clarendon St. Catherine 1,425 .... 2,521 4,451 7,881 7,004 7,260 4,399 58,687 POPULATION AND VITAL STATISTICS. POPULATION OF THE CHIEF TOWNS. 1891. Males. | Females. Total. 1881. 1,784 744 563 1,768 Kingston 18,286 27,616 46,542 36,846 Morant Bay 261 395 656 1,000 Port Antonio 788 996 1,305 Port Maria 748 1,492 1,741 St. Ann's Bay 654 661 1,615 1,565 Falmouth 948 1,569 2,517 3,029 Montego Bay 1,884 2,919 4,803 4,651 Lucea 1,032 1,595 1,702 Sav-la-Mar 1,184 2,952 2,498 Black River 527 627 1,154 1,279 Mandeville 473 698 1,171 218 Chapelton 187 282 469 654 Spanish Town 2,154 1 2,865 1 5,0191 5,689 It may be interesting here to notice the gradual increase in the population of Jamaica since the earliest period when there was any authentic record. The first regular census was taken in the year 1844; although there had previously been approximate calculations as to the inhabitants of the island. The first attempts at numbering the people was in 1660, when “the relicts of the Army' were put down at about 2,200, and the planters, merchants and others, as probably as many more. Thirteen years after, that is in 1673, the inhabitants were thus classified :- Whites- Men 4,050 Women 2,006 Children 1,712 Negroes 9,504 17,272 a. In 1734 the population stood thus- Whites 7,644 Slaves 86,546 94,190 b. In 1775 the free coloured people were for the first time accounted for. The popu- lation was- Whites 12,737 Free Coloured 4,093 Slaves 192,787 209,617 C. In 1791 (sixteen years after the last date) the population was estimated at Whites 30,000 Free Blacks and Coloured people 10,000 Maroons, about 1,400 Slaves 250,000 291,400 d, At the Emancipation in 1834 the Slaves numbered portion of the population was computed at- Free Blacks Coloured Whites 311,070 and the other 5,000 40,000 15,000 371,070 a. Calendar of State Papers, Vol. I. 6. Montgomery Martins, Colonial Empire. c. Bryan Edwards West Indies, Vol. I. d. Parliamentary Returns to the House of Lords, March, 1839. Hill's Lights and Shadows of Jamaica History. HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. In June, 1814, the first Census was taken by legally appointed Officers, when it was found that there were in the Island :- Males 181,633 White 15,729 Females 195,800 Coloured 68,576 Black 293,128 377,433 377,433 In 1861 another Census was taken under an Act of the Legislature when the population was returned as follows:- Males 213,521 White 13,816 Females 227,743 Coloured 81,074 Black 346,374 441,264 441,264 The total population by the Census of 1861 compared with that of 1844 showed an increase of 63,831 in the 17 years notwithstanding the two visitations of Cholera, one of scarlatina and one of small pox which occurred within that period. “ These pestilences carried off between fifty and sixty thousand persons by over one hundred daily, while Cholera desolated." ** During the ten years that followed there was no epidemic or other cause to affect the natural increase of the people and the numbers in 1871 were 64,890 in excess of those of 1861, namely :- Males 246,573 White 13,101 Females 259,581 Coloured 100,346 Black 392,707 506,154 506,154 compared with 1861 there was 1,871 a decrease of 715 white inhabitants, and an in- crease of 19,281 coloured and 46,333 black inhabitants. The population of Jamaica by the Census taken on the 4th April, 1881, was- 580,804, or 74,680 in excess of the population in 1871. The totals were- Males 282.957 Whites 14,432 Coolies 11,016 Females 297,847 Chinese 99 - Coloured 109,946 Not stated 1,125 580,804 Black 444,186 580,804 The increases comparing the classifications of colour as they appeared in the returns of 1871 and 1881 were whites, 1,331 ; coloured, 9,600 ; blacks, 51,479 ; but if the Coolies and Chinese, and the persons who did not avow their complexion be apportioned by means of one-third to the whites and two-thirds to the coloured population (which may be accepted as having been the case in regard to the census of 1871) the increase in the whites will be 5,411, and the increase of the people of colour, 17,760. * Hill's Lights and Shadows of Jamaica History. HISTORICAL SKETCH OF JAMAICA. PART IV. HISTORICAL SKETCH OF JAMAICA. JAMAICA was discovered by Christopher Columbus on the 3rd May, 1494, during his second voyage to the new world; and after remaining in Spanish accupation for 161 years was surrendered to an English Expedition under Admiral Penn and General Venables on the 11th May, 1655. The island was placed under military jurisdiction and the Leaders of the Expedition returned to England leaving General Fortescue in charge of the Land Forces and Admiral Goodson in charge of the Sea Force. Penn and Venables were committed to the Tower “ for having deserted the forces committed to their charge," and Major General Sedgewick was sent by Cromwell as a Commissioner to conduct the civil affairs of the colony. On his arrival in October, 1655, he established a Council, of which Colonel Edward D'Oyley, who succeeded to the command of the troops on the death of General Fortescue, was appointed President. In the following month Sedgewick informed the Protector that the soldiers had destroyed all sorts of provisions and cattle and that nothing but ruin attended them wherever they went. “Dig or plant, they neither will nor can, but are de- termined rather to starve than work.” The result was a scarcity, approach- ing a famine, with its usual attendants disease and contagion. “Such was the want of food that snakes, lizards, and other vermin were eagerly eaten, together with unripe fruits and noxious vegetables. The unwholesome diet concurred with other circumstances to produce an epidemic dysentery, which ragod like the plague. For a considerable time 140 men died weekly, and Sedgewick himself at length perished in the general carnage.”+ In June, 1656, Colonel William Brayne arrived as Commander-in-Chief, bringing with him a reinforcement of a thousand recruits and four months' provisions for 3,000 men. He was soon followed by 1,500 settlers from Nevis, Bermuda, Barbados and New England. One thousand girls and as many young men were “listed" in Ireland and sent to the colony. Brayne died in September, 1657, and the government again fell to D'Oyley. In the following year Don Arnold Sasi, the old Spanish Governor, landed at the north side with about 500 of the former inhabitants and 1,000 troops from Spain and built a fort at Rio Nuevo, in the present parish of St. Mary. On the 24th June, D'Oyley, with 500 picked men, attacked the fort and completely routed the Spanish army,-Don Sasi subsequently escaping to Cuba in à canoe from the Bay now called Runaway Bay in memory of the event. In August, 1660, a vessel of war arrived with intelligence of the restoration of Charles II., and in May of the following year the “Diamond” Frigate brought Colonel (then General) D'Oyley's commission as Governor of Jamaica. The commission re- quired him to proceed to the selection of a Council of twelve persons (of whom one was to be the Island Secretary) and empowered him, with the advice of any five of them, to constitute civil judicatures and to pass Acts “tending to the security and prosperity” of the island. Courts of Justice were established at Port Morant, Point Cagua (Port Royal) and St. Jago de la Vega; and the members of Council were declared Justices of the Peace and empowered to choose three or more Constables for their respective districts. In December of the same year the King, by a Royal Proclamation, declared that “ children born in Jamaica of His Majesty's natural born subjects of England shall be free denizens of England.” In August, 1662, Lord Windsor arrived as the successor of General D'Oyley and brought with him a seal and mace for the island. His instructions from the King required him “ to constitute a Council and to call Assemblies and to make laws and * The transactions of the Spaniards during a century and a half, in the settlement of Jamaica, have scarcely obtained the notice of history.-Bryan Edwards. Bryan Edwards' History of the West Indies. D 2 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. levy moneys, such laws to be only in force for two years unless confirmed by the King.” “All planters and Christian servants” were also required “ to be provided with arms, mustered and trained, with power, in case of insurrection or invasion, to proclaim martial law.” The late army was disbanded and the men were divided into five Regiments of Militia,-Lord Windsor himself becoming Colonel of the Port Royal Regiment. On Lord Windsor's retiring Sir Charles Lyttleton assumed the Government as Deputy Governor. He granted plots of land to Juan de Bolas and other Maroods (the name given to the slaves left by the Spaniards in the interior) on account of their submission and services to the English and by proclamation declared that they should enjoy all the liberties and privileges of Englishmen. De Bolas was appointed Colonel of a Black Regiment of Militia and a Magistrate over negroes, to decide all cases except those of life and death.* The instructions of Lord Windsor with regard to the calling of Assemblies, were acted upon by Sir Charles Lyttleton, who issued the writs for the first General Assembly held in the island. The members were re- turned for the following districts : Yakalla, St. Jago, Old Harbour, Angels, Cagua, Seven Plantations, Guanaboa, Withywood, Morant, Liguanea, Dry River, Northside. All the districts returned two members except Morant and Northside which had but one each. The Assembly met at St. Jago de la Vegat on the 20th January, 1664, and selected Robert Freeman as their Speaker; it sat until the 12th February and passed 45 Acts. Beeston states in his journal that “ the Assembly was very unani- mous and parted with all kindness and feastings, having passed as good a body of laws as could be expected from such young Statesmen." Sir Charles Lyttleton har. ing obtained permission to return to England on account of ill-health, Lieutenant- Colonel Thomas Lynch assumed the Government as President of the Council. He was soon displaced by Colonel Edward Morgan, who arrived on the 19th May, 1664, as Deputy-Governor. He dissolved the Assembly, preferring the assistance of his Council alone in the administration of affairs. In the following month Sir Thomas Modyford arrived from Barbados as Governor, bringing with him a thousand settlers. He transferred the residence of the Governor from the “ Point" (Port Royal) to St. Jago de la Vega and had a census taken which showed the population to be 4,205. In his first report on the condition of the island he informed the King that “ sugar, ginger, indigo, cotton, tobacco, dyeing woods and cocoa may be had and are produced as well as anywhere; but pimento, chinaroots, aloes, rhubarb, sarsaparilla, tamarinds, cassia, vaignillios, hides and tallow are the proper commodities. There is the best build- ing timber and stone in the whole world and great plenty of corn, cassada, potatoes, yams, plantains, bananas, peas, hogs, fowls, cattle, horses, asincoes, sheep, fish, turtle and pasturage. In fine nothing wanting but more hands and cows. The low valley grounds are feverish and aguish from June to Christmas, the rainy weather ; but the uplands and hills are as healthful as Costall in England.” Sir Thomas Modyford issued writs for the election of a General Assembly, the number of districts being reduced to nine, namely, St. Andrew, Port Royal, North- side, St. John, St. David, St. Catherine, Clarendon, Blewfields and St. Thomas. The deliberations of the new Assembly were not as harmonious as those of the first Assem- bly; one of the results was that Captain Butler of the Assembly was killed at a state dinner by Major Joy of the Council. Mr. Beeston (afterwards Sir William Beeston) was imprisoned for not returning to the House when directed by the Speaker. Arti- cles of impeachment were in the same sitting preferred by Sir Thomas Whetstone against Colonel Samuel Long (afterwards Chief Justice) and a warrant was issued for his arrest. The charge preferred against him was that he had caused himself to be elected Speaker at a meeting at Port Royal of members of Assembly whose authority, by the departure of Sir Charles Lyttleton, had ceased, and passed certain orders and votes, with intention to grasp the legislative power into his own hands, and traitor- ously and impudently refused to take notice of the Deputy-Governor (Colonel Ed- ward Morgan's) dissolution of the meeting, &c.” On his being brought before the * As the proclamation issued by Sir Charles Lyttleton had no substantial effect with the Maroons as a body Juan de Bolas was sent in 1664 to effect their reduction ; but in the prosecution of this service he fell into an ambuscade and was cut to pieces. † St. Jago de la Vega (now Spanish Town) was founded as the first capital by Diego Columbus while he per Bonally governed the island. HISTORICAL SKETCH OF JAMAICA, House in Custody the charges were remitted to the next general session, but the Assembly never again met during the administration of Sir Thomas Modyford, the then Governor. The subject of contention was the desire of the Assembly to ex- clude the King's name from the money bills. While these dissensions were embittering the feelings of politicians Sir Thomas Modyford, on his own responsibility, commissioned the privateers who at that time swarmed the Caribbean Sea, to act on behalf of the King of England, and declared war against Spain and other nationalities. The Privateers took Tobago from the Dutch and plundered Tobascoe and Villa de Mors in the Bay of Mexico and Saint Spiritus and Providence in Cuba. Admiral Henry Morgan, acting uuder a similar commission, captured and pillaged Panama and Porto Bello. On intelligence of these depredations reaching England Sir Thomas Lynch was ordered to return to the colony as Lieutenant-Governor and to send home Sir Thomas Modyford to answer for his assumption of authority, Sir Thomas Modyford sailed for the Thames as a prisoner, and six years afterwards Sir Henry Morgan arrived as Lieutenant-Go- vernor and assumed the Government in succession to Sir Thomas Lynch. Morgan had been knighted for his brave attack on Panama. * In March, 1675, Lord Vaughan arrived as Governor. Twelve hundred of the inhabitants of Surinam, which had been ceded to the Dutch in exchange for New Amsterdam (New York) arrived in the same year and settled for the most part in the present parish of Westmoreland. “The poverty of these people inspired them with the resolution to labour. Their example excited emulation and in a short time the face of things was wholly changed. Jamaica soon exported vast quantities of sugar, superior to that of the other English islands.”+ But while the colony was being thus improved the Governor and Assembly were in fierce opposition. The Assembly desired to bring on a new trial before the Chief Justice of a man who had been condemned by the Admiralty Court to be hanged as a pirate, and was dissolved, and the new Assembly passed a revenue bill which was unconstitutional in its cha- racter. By the refusal of Lord Vaughan to assent to this measure the island was left without a revenue. In March, 1678, he sailed for England and Sir Henry Mor- gan resumed the Government. He continued in office for four months, during the greater part of which time martial law existed; first on account of an apprehended attack from France, and, secondly, in consequence of mutiny among the slaves. On the 19th July the Earl of Carlisle arrived as Governor and soon after summoned a new Assembly. Ho informed them that he had been instructed by the King to change the mode of passing the laws of the colony by introducing the system then existing in Ireland under Poyning's Act and presented 40 Acts (among them a law to grant a perpetual revenue to the crown) engrossed on parchment and attested under the Great Seal of England for their acceptance. The Assembly rejected the laws on the ground that this system of legislation was “repugnant to the constitution of Eng- land, of which country they were the natural subjects.”+ As there was no revenue the Governor assented to a revenue bill for one year and then dissolved the Assembly. Other dissolutions followed but the Assembly remained unchanged in their deter- mination. The Chief Justice of the Island, Colonel Samuel Long, was arrested and sent under bail to England to answer to the King for advising the resistance of the Assembly. He was followed by Colonel Beeston, the Speaker of the Assembly; and they both appeared before the King in Council and so ably supported their views that the instructions to the Earl of Carlisle were annulled and the old form of Government continued. Long and Beeston returned in triumph, and Sir Thomas Lynch was for the second time appointed to govern the Colony. On meeting the Assembly he in- formed them that "His Majesty, upon the Assembly's humble address, was pleased to restore us to our beloved form of making laws, wherein we enjoy, beyond dispute, all deliberative powers in our Assembly, that the House of Commons enjoy in their House.” | After administering the government for over two years Sir Thomas Lynch died and Colonel Hender Molesworth (afterwards Baronet) became Lieutenant- * Sir Henry Morgan was in 1683 sent to England by order of the Secretary of State as a prisoner " for break. ing the peace with the Spaniards contrary to His Majesty's express orders." After remaining there for three years without a hearing he was released. + Gardner's History of Jamaica. See article on Political Constitution. HISTORICAL SKETCH OF JAMAICA. Andrew, then the property of Colonel Bees on, and formed themselves into a com- munity. They procured for theii settlement the status of a town and had it laid out by Colonel Christian Lilly of the Royal Artillery. In March, 1693, Sir William Beeston, Knt., formerly Colonel Beeston, arrived as Lieutenant-Governor and assumed the Government. In May, 1694, intelligence of a projected invasion of the island, in the interest of the fugitive King, was com- municated to him, and on the 17th June a French fleet, commanded by Admiral DuCasse, came in sight. They landed detachments of men at Cow Bay and Port Morant, who penetrated the interior and destroyed fifty play tations. By horrid atrocities they secured a large amount of money and other valuables. Both men and women were murdered. The squadron took several merchant ships and carried off one thousand three hundred slaves. When they had accomplished their depre- dations on the north and east sides of the island they sailed for Carlisie Bay on the south, but there they were met by the Colonial Militia wh ) bravely encountered and eventually defeated them, driving them back to their ships with the loss of 70) men, The sale of the negroes kidnapped realized £65,000 to the captors. In July, 1702, war was again declared by England against France, and Admiral Benbow sailed from Port Royal in search of the French fleet under DuCasse, and on the 19th August fell in with it off Santa Martha. Benbow was defeated and taken to Kingston where he died from the effects of a wound in his leg. In the following January Colonel Thomas Handesyd (afterwards Major General) was appointed Governor. There were eight Assemblies and fifteen sessions within the eight years of his administration. The Governor in proroguing the last of these Assemblies declared that their conduct reminded him of a “ party of barbarous peo- ple who took off the head of Charles of ever blessed memory." Among the revenue bills of this period was one levying a poll tax of 10) on every white person above the age of 15. In July, 1711, Admiral Lord Archibald Hamilton arrived as Governor. He was directed in the Royal instructions not to pass any law for a shorter period than 12 months. This was in consequence of the habit of the Assembly to limit their money bills to three months, “under a jealous apprehension of the Council's interference or the Governor's intemperance."* The differences between the Governor and the As- sembly were as fierce during this administration as during that of Colonel Handesyd and culminated in the Governor's refusing to receive any more messages from the House. Lord Hamilton was re-called and Mr. Peter Heywood, a planter, succeeded to the Government. He was directed not to pass any law that should repeal a law confirmed by the Crown, without a suspension clause, or first transmitting the draft of the bill to the Secretary of State. In April, 1718, Sir Nicholas Lawes, another planter, became Governor. He endeavoured to conciliate all parties, but the publi- cation of a libel by Mr. James Wood, the Clerk of the Council, on the Assembly, led to the renewal of the political conflicts. The libel was in defence of Lord Hamilton. An interchange of intemperate messages between the Council and the Assembly ended in the determination of each party to have no further communication with the other, the last message from the Assembly being thrown off the Council table by one of the members of the Board and trampled beneath his feet. This led to a dissolation of the Assembly. In the following year the Legislative brawls were continued and five members were expeiled by the Assembly “for having urged that the House had fallen by the Speaker remaining in the Chair without a quorum." The House was again dissolved. The interruption to the progress of public business involved the Government so much in debt that its bills were at a discount of fifty per cent., and even the expenses incident on the trial of some pirates could not be defrayed. The rebellious negroes also harrassed the country and appeared in such force that it be- came necessary to summon the aid of the Mosquitto Indians. A party of them arrived under the conduct of their King but the want of money obstructed even that impor- tant service. The “ Picaroons” from Cuba also made frequent invasions on the un- protected coasts. The house of the proprietor of a considerable settlewent on the beach of St. Ann was one night surrounded and set on fire in all directions and in the * Bridges' Annals of Jamaica. 48 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. morning nothing was seen but the smoking ruins of the building and the ashes of sixteen human beings. Under these circumstances a new Assembly was called ; but on their meeting, instead of proceeding with the revenue bills, they resumed a former contest with the Attorney General, who had been expelled from the House for being a “ Papist.” Another dissolution ensued. While the colony was suffering from these political discussions a dreadful hurri- cane occurred which ruined so many properties, destroyed so many lives and reduced the survivors to such disasters that Sir Nicholas Laws had to convene a new As- sembly that some relief might be administered to the unfortunate sufferers. “ Yet 80 inadequate was the revenue to meet even the ordinary exigencies of the govern- ment that the patriotic Governor literally sold his house and lands to discharge the debts contracted by his official establishment,''* The Duke of Portland arrived as Governor in December, 1722, and endeavoured, without success, to secure a permanent revenue bill. Pending the settlement of this question for four years the revenue of the island was granted under provisional enactments. During the controversy that distracted the community the Assembly expelled another Attorney General, Mr. Monk, for an infringement of the liberties of the people." The Duke of Portland died in July, 1726, and was succeeded by Major-General Robert Hunter as Governor. Before his arrival he had made himself acquainted with the state of the colony and urged its distress on the attention of His Majesty's Ministers. In recompence for his early services the Assembly increased his salary from the £5,000 paid to the Duke of Portland to £6,000 per annum. The long agitated revenue bill was passed, under which the permanent revenue of £8,000 per annum was granted to the Crown. In return the King confirmed all the laws which up to that time remained unassented to, and decreed that “all such laws and statutes of England as have been at any time esteemed, introduced, used, accepted or received as laws in this island, shall and are hereby declared to be and continue laws of this His Majesty's Island of Jamaica for ever.” During the Legislative dissensions above referred to the Maroons had grown so formidable under a very able leader named “Cudjoe” that it became necessary to increase the military strength of the colony and to erect extra barracks. Every barrack was provided with a pack of dogs by the Churchwardens of the parish, to guard against surprises at night and for tracking the enemy in the mountain fast- nesses. In 1734 Captain Stoddart attacked the Maroons at their windward town called “ Nanny," situated on one of the highest points of the Blue Mountains, and completely destroyed or routed the whole body. Many were killed in their habita- tions and several threw themselves headlong down tbe precipice. But the Maroons rallied and were soon again prepared for battle. Two hundred seamen and three or four hundred of the Militia reinforced the Military and penetrated almost to the new Maroon settlement. The insurgents attacked the troops on all sides and for a time both advance and retreat for the latter seenied eqnally impossible At length they effected their escape, leaving behind a number of killed and wounded. This greatly increased the alarm and insecurity that everywhere prevailed. Governor Trelawny arrived on the 30th April, 1738, and his first act was to conciliate the Mountaineers. He commissioned Colonel John Gurthrie (late of the Darien Expe- dition) to meet the Chiefs of the Maroons and negotiate with them a treaty of peace. Two thousand five hundred acres of land were assigned them in different parts of the island and perfect freedom was granted them and their successors. They were required to aid the Government in repelling invasions and in suppressing internal rebellion. Two European Superintendents were appointed to reside amongst them, and “ Captain Cudjoe” was confirmed as Chief Commander. War was declared by England against Spain in October, 1739, in consequence of the “ unjust seizures and depredations that had been carried on in the West Indies by the Spanish guarda costas,” and Jamaica furnished contingents of Volunteers to assist in the operations against the Spanish American possessions. Porto Bello and Chagres were successfully attacked and surrendered, but every other attempt at # Bridges' Annals of Jamaica. HISTORICAL SKETCH OF JAMAICA. 49 subjugation resulted in utter failure. The British Commanders returned to England and the expedition was abandoned. In the October following a dreadful storm and earthquake occurred. Port Royal again suffered. All the fortifications were injured and that at Mosquitto Point was destroyed. The streets were deluged with water and the inhabitants all through the dreary night were looking for instant death. But the greatest injuries occurred at Savanna-la-Mar. “The sea bursting its ancient limits overwhelmed that unhappy town and swept it to instant destruction, leaving not a vestige of man, beast or habitation behind."* Governor Trelawny retired from the Government in November, 1751, and Vice- Admiral Knowles (afterwards Baronet) was sworn into Office as Governor. During the early part of his administration the Assembly claimed the right of appointing their own officers to perform the duties of the Public Treasury and of passing all laws without suspension clauses, whether they affected the prerogative of the Crown or not. These demands led to a protracted and bitter disagreement between the Executive and the Assembly and to the ultimate decision of the House of Commons " that the resolution of the Assembly was illegal, repugnant to the terms of the King's Commission to his Governor and derogatory of the rights of the Crown and people of Great Britain.” The Assembly was dissolved and the new House was directed by the Governor to meet in Kingston. The summons was complied with but the Assembly refused to pass a bill for transferring the seat of government to Kingston and was again dissolved. Other dissolutions ensued, but the required measure was at length passed and assented to by the Governor. It was subsequently dissolved by the King and Governor Knowles was burnt in effigy. Just before the Easter of 1760 a formidable rebellion broke out amongst the slaves in the Parish of St. Mary. They seized the fort at Port Maria and possessed them- selves of the arms, ainmunition and other stores. The white inhabitants of the neighbouring properties were all butchered and the insurgents retired to Ballard's Valley, where, however, they were met by a body of volunteers and driven into the woods. Martial Law was proclaimed and two Regiments of Regulars and a large body of Militia were ordered to the scene of action. The insurgents fought with desperate fury and were at first successful; but they were ultimately surrounded and overpowered. More than 400 were killed in the field; one of the ringleaders was burnt and two were hung in chains. About 600 were transported to the Bay of Honduras. Two years after (1762) Governor William Henry Lyttleton arrived from South Carolina and assumed the government in succession to Lieutenant Governor Moore. Governor Lyttleton brought with him intelligence of the declaration of war between England and Spain and shortly after an expedition sailed from Port Royal against Havannah, which was besieged and captured. Jamaica contributed a subsidiary force. Booty to the value of two millions sterling, exclusive of an immense artillery, with twelve sail-of-the-line and a fleet of merchantmen, rewarded the gallant exploit. The wealth of the colony was hourly increased by the rich prizes which again poured their glittering treasures on its shores. In October peace was proclaimed and the Assembly resumed their political discords. The Governor as Chancellor granted a writ of habeas corpus and released from prison one Wilson, a Marshal's Deputy, who had been committed to gaol by the Assembly for a breach of privilege in levying on the carriage horses of Mr. Oliphant, a member, for debt. The House refused to grant the supplies until reparation was made. Three dissolutions ensued but the House adhered to their determination. Eventually Governor Lyttleton applied to the Imperial Government for power to draw upon the British Treasury for the subsistence of the Troops so as to be relieved of the necessity for supplies from the Assembly. The application was granted but the Governor was recalled and Rodger Hope Elletson appointed Lieutenant-Governor. By command of the King in Council, and in presence of the Council and Assembly, he caused a vacatur to be entered on the margin of the proceedings in the case of Wilson. Four years after, an application was made by the Imperial Government for the refunding of the thirty thousand pounds which Governor Lyttleton had drawn from the British * Bryan Edwards' History of the West Indies. 50 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA, Treasury to pay the troops. The Assembly refused payment, and in an Address to the Throne, urged that compliance on their part “would enable the Governor of Jamaica, in concert with any future wicked or despotic administration in Great Britain, to intermit Assemblies at pleasure; to suspend their legislative rights ; and to burden the people of the island to their latest posterity in the most grievous, arbi- trary and oppressive manner without bounds and without remedy." The objections of the Assembly prevailed and the claim was abandoned by the Imperial Government. In 1777 another outbreak among the slaves disturbed the tranquillity of the island. A conspiracy to murder all the white colonists was discovered in the Parishes of Hanover and Westmoreland just as it was about to be put into execution. So great was the consternation that a homeward bound fleet of more than one hundred ships was detained for some days. The ready assistance offered by the Navy, with the active support of the Militia, restored peace; and the ringleaders of the conspiracy, thirty in number, were executed. In March of the following year the French recognized the independence of the “ United States” and war was declared by England. D'Estaing with a fleet of thirty- six ships-of-the-line sailed for the West Indies. Martial Law was proclaimed in Jamaica and additional fortifications were thrown up on all sides. A Militia, trained and armed, started into existence, which the ordinary laws had never been able to collect. The capital was guarded by the St. Catherine's Regiment, while the Regular Troops were reserved for more important duties, and everywhere the Colonial Corps displayed great enthusiasm. Dominica, St. Lucia, Grenada and St. Vincent fell into the hands of the French, but no attack was made on Jamaica and the hostile feet was ultimately withdrawn. But Spain having in the meantime joined France in her conflict with England, Governor Dalling despatched an expedition against San Juan de Nicaragua, to which Jamaica supplied a contingent of 1,379 men. Nelson (afterwards renowned as the hero of Trafalgar) who was then Governor of Fort Charles, left his post and accepted a subordinate command. The Castle was captured but disease made sad havoc of the besiegers. More than two-thirds perished in the swamps and the remnant returned to Port Royal broken in spirits and in health. Nelson was carried ashore prostrated by malarial fever and narrowly escaped death. In April, 1782, occurred the great victory of Rodney over the French fleet under Count de Grasse, while on its way to effect a junction with the Spanish fleet prepa- ratory to the invasion of Jamaica. “From all quarters the people assembled for the defence of their capital; the largest trees of the forest were thrown across the roads and the soldiers were relieved by the diligence of the people, who watched while they slept and laboured while they reposed."* When, therefore, news of the victory of Rodney was received the entire population joined in the most extravagant mani. festations of joy, and throughout the island the people once more breathed freely. The Militia were relieved from active service and the King thanked them “for their spirited exertions in the defence of his valued and important colony.” Rodney was raised to the peerage and a marble statue by Bacon was erected in the square of Spanish Town to perpetuate his name. Peace between Great Britain, France, Spain and the thirteen United States of North America was proclaimed in the following year. Three years later the last of five destructive hurricanes occurred. The number of negroes who periched by famiue, in consequence of this succession of hurricanes and the restriction of trade with the United States, was estimated at 15,000. In November, 1789, the Council and Assembly met in conference for the purpose of protesting against Mr. Wilberforce's scheme for the suppression of the slave trade. Their joint claim for compensation was embodied in a memorial which was presented to the British Parliament. The value of the island, considered as British property, was then estimated at thirty-nine millions sterling, of which twelve millions and a half was the value of the 250,000 slaves then working as agricultural labourers and otherwise. The democratic doctrines which had for some time been manifesting themselves in France eventually extended to St. Domingo and a sanguinary revolution broke out there in the fall of 1789. Jamaica from its proximity to that island became the resort of many of the proprietors who had to flee with their devoted slaves from the * Bridges' Annals of Jamaica. HISTORICAL SKETCH OF JAMAICA. 51 barbarity of the revolutionists and the treachery of the French Commissioners This emigration was perilous to the contentment and good order of the Jamaica slaves ; * besides which there were strong reasons for believing that revolutionary action was meditated by the republicans on this island. In this state of alarm protective measures were demanded by the colonists and adopted by the Local Government. Admiral Affleck stationed ships of war along the coast nearest the expected scene of action ; a military force was quartered upon each vessel and the island was guarded by its Militia to the water's edge. While these precautions against rebellion and invasion were being maintained Lieutenant-Governor Williamson received orders from the King's Ministers to send a Military force to St. Domingo, to “accept terms of capitulation from the inhabitants of such parts of the island as solicited the pro- tection of the British Government." The command was quickly acted upon, but the British instead of being received with acclamation as they anticipated, met with opposition and hostility in every quarter. They captured Jeremie, Mole St. Nicholas, Siburon, St. Marc and Port-au-Prince, but their victory was death to the victors. Yellow fever, in its most malignant form, appeared in the ranks of the invading army and more than decimated it. In this state of things Lieutenant-Governor Williamson organized in Jamaica large bodies of negro troops, who it was supposed would successfully withstand the unhealthy climate of Port-au-Prince and the other conquered towns. With these new levies he himself proceeded to St. Domingo, with the title of “Governor-General," but all was in vain. Treachery, disappoint- ment, disease and death had done their baneful work and at the close of 1798 Ge- neral Maitland, who had succeeded to the command, entered into a treaty with Toussaint l'Ouverture and left the island with the perishing remnant of the British army. Williamson's negro regiments were disbanded in St. Domingo and numbers of them joined the revolutionists. While these operations were proceeding in the neighbouring island a second Ma- roon War was exciting the fears of the colonists of Jamaica. The Trelawny Town Maroons had expelled an obnoxious Superintendent from their settlement and the Earl of Balcarres had marched fifteen hundred chosen European soldiers and three thousand of the Colonial Militia to subdue them. On the 12th of August, 1795, a detatchment of 400 men, under the command of Colonel Sandford, was despatched to destroy some of their provision grounds but they found everything already up- rooted, The detachment thereupon attempted to rejoin the main body by tra- versing a defile, but they were met by volley after volley from unseen hands. Colonel Sandford, Quartermaster McBride and a number of non-commissioned officers and privates of the 18th Dragoons and the 20th Regiment of Foot, and Colonel Gallimore and “a number of respectable gentlemen of the Militia” were killed while scores of others were wounded. The forests which skirted Trelawny Town were then cleared by a thousand slaves and the artillery shelled the interior. The Maroons withdrew to their subterranean retreats and reappeared higher up the hills. Colonel Fitch with a party of the 83rd Regiment attempted to penetrate the forests for the purpose of extending their posts, and were accompanied by a body of Accompong Maroons who remained faithful to the Government. The troops again fell into ambuscade and Colonel Fitch and Captain Brissett of Fort Charlotte and a number of the rank and file of the 83rd Regiment were killed. Captains Leigh and Burnt of the same Regiment, the Superintendent of the Accompong Maroons and several others were wounded. In the third important encounter of the Govern- ment Troops with Mountaineers the Militia took the leading part and Captain Dunbar and several of the Colonial Corps were killed. In the dark recesses of the woods the Maroons kept up their fire and as night was coming on the Militia had to retire. These successes of the Moroons created anxieties and perplexities on the part of the colonists, during which it was suggested to resort to the use of blood hounds to hunt down the fugitives. Colonel Quarrell of the Militia was commissioned to obtain a supply from Cuba and on the 14th December he landed at Montego Bay with 40 Chasseurs and a hundred dogs. These strange auxiliaries were at once marched to the scene of rebellion where an accident demonstrated the ferocity of * In December, 1799, & conspiracy among the negroes who came from St. Domingo with their masters was discovered. Aspy named Joseph San Portas was hanged and upwards of 1,000 of the negroes were transported, 52 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. their nature. « One of the hounds was unmuzzled by his Chasseur master to allow him to drink. A woman, a sutler of the camp, who was then preparing a mess for the escort, menaced the dog off with a stick as he passed near by. Instantly the dog seized her by the throat and so tore her that she died, -the dog being disen zaged from his hold only by cutting off his head.'* The story of this incident soon found its way into the mountain fastnesses and inspired the warriors with more alarm than did the cannon and musketry of the soldiery. The Maroons hastened to capitulate, and in June, 1796, upwards of five hundred men, women and children were transported to Nova Scotia From thence they were sent to Sierra Leone where they formed the nucleus of that thriving colony. Two years later another disturbance broke out in the vicinity of the last rebel- lion-the insurgents being the runaway slaves who infested the lower region of the Trelawny mountains. They rushed upon the neighbouring settlements, burnt down houses, murdered the inhabitants and committed other excesses. Two thousand Soldiers and six thousand Militia, besides a party of Accompong Maroons, marched against the rebels and they were soon hunted down and defeated. Notwithstanding these occurrences the colonists raised by voluntary subscription amongst themselves the sum of one million pounds sterling to aid the mother country in its war against revolutionary France. Yet three years after (1801) the Imperial Government demanded of the Assembly the maintenance of a military force of 5,000 men (afterwards reduced to 3,000) on the ground that the colony “had not yet con- tributed its full proportion to the general expenses of the Empire." The Assembly refused “on the constitutional principle that the right of the colony to protection was at least as great as that of any other portion of the British Empire." It was not long, however, before the colony had again to make extensive provision for its protection against invasion. War was in 1804 proclaimed against France and Spain and the bravest Admirals of Europe displayed their flags amidst the islands of the Caribbean Sea. On the 1st April, 1805, intelligence was received that a French squadron was on its way to Jamaica and Martial Law was at once proclaimed. All the public records were removed to the Church in St. Thomas-in-the-Vale and deposited there under Militia Guard. The French fleet having been closely pur- sued by the British squadron, withdrew, after an attack at Dominica, but on the 25th May the combined fleets of France and Spain arrived at Martinique. They were closely pursued by Lord Nelson with ten sail-of-the-line and three frigates and chased out of these waters. Early in the following year (1806) the British had a brilliant victory over the French off St. Domingo and the captured prizes were brought into Port Royal. The Assembly voted £3,000 to Sir J. T. Duckworth, the successful Admiral, for the purchase of a service of plate, in addition to a thousand pounds which had already been granted to him for the purchase of a sword. The citizens of Kingston in public meeting protested against “this wanton and improvident expenditure of the public money” and the Editors of the newspapers in which the resolution was published were taken into custody for a breach of the privileges of the House. They were subsequently discharged on giving excuses which were accepted as satisfactory. In the following year Lieutenant-General Sir Eyre Coate became Lieutenant. Governor. He brought with him the announcement that the Imperial Parliament had passed a Law withdrawing the restriction of trade between Jamaica and the other British West Indian Islands and the United States of America, and had abolished the African slave trade without compensation to the Planters. There were then in Jamaica, 319,351 slaves. On the 26th March, 1808, the Duke of Manchester arrived as Governor. His administration continued for 19 years and was distinguished by the novelty of an Assembly having existed for the full term of seven years. “This was the first time that any Governor had beheld the natural death of his own House.”+ Nevertheless many questions of privilege engaged the attention of the Assembly. General Car- michael, the Commander of the Forces, was brought to the bar for a contempt of the privileges of the House in having prohibited his officers answering questions before a Committee relative to a mutiny among the soldiers of the 2nd West India # Hill's Lights and shadows of Jamaica History. † Bridges' Annals of Jamaica. HISTORICAL SKETCH OF JAMAICA. 53 Regiment stationed at Fort Augusta. The General having been subsequently ordered by the King to withdraw the prohibition, submitted himself to the House and was excused. Chief Justice Jackson was summoned to the bar for refusing to give evidence before a Committee appointed to enquire into an appeal made to the House by one of its members against a decision of the Judge in a case in which the member was a party. The Chief Justice declared that he could not take the oath as a witness “ without compromising his conscience as a man and making a deli- berate surrender of his independence as a Judge.” The House on re-consideration discharged the Chief Justice from custody. In the mutiny above referred to the Adjutant and the Major of the regiment were killed on parade and in retaliation nine of the mutineers were instantly shot by the Grenadier Company, which remained loyal. Six others were subsequently shot by sentences of Courts-Martial. An enquiry by a Committee of the Assembly into the circumstances of this disaffection terminated without any important result. There were also during the Duke's administration some conspiracies at rebellion and some actual outbreaks of a minor character which were all discovered and suppressed with- out any serious occurrences. One case had an enduring importance. Messrs. Lescene and Escoffery, two coloured gentlemen, were transported for an alleged “attempt to revolutionize the island;" they had previously been discharged from Gaol under habeas corpus by Chief Justice Scarlett. They proceeded to England, had their complaint brought before Parliament, and were compensated by a gratuity from the Imperial Exchequer. The wars during the greater part of the Duke of Manchester's administration between England and France and between England and the United States of America, closed the European markets against the produce of the planters and led to great distress. The depreciation of British bills of exchange also created the want of a sufficient circulating medium. The Assembly was in consequence compelled to authorize the cutting from the centre of the current coin a piece equal to 121 per cent., which was put into circulation under the denomination of a “bit.” Nature, also, contributed to the misfortunes of the colonists. In October, 1812, a severe storm occurred which destroyed the growing food of the people and threatened a famine, and in the following November four severe shocks of earthquake considerably damaged a number of buildings throughout the island. In August, 1813, another severe storm swept over the island and in October, 1815, the County of Surry was materially injured by a similar catastrophe. Many of the works of the sugar and coffee plantations in St. George, St. David and the upper part of Port Royal were destroyed and great portions of the soil were carried away by the overwhelming rapidity of the rivers. A number of lives were lost by these calamities and by vessels being wrecked on the coasts and in the harbours. In November, 1818, portions of the County of Cornwall also sustained great injury by a storm which lasted, with intermissions, during three days. But the most prominent occurrence during the Duke of Mauchester's administra- tion was the beginning of the controversy between the lmperial Government and the Assembly on the subject of the slave code. In the session of 1823 the Assembly was called upon to give effect to Mr. Cannirg's resolutions for the “adoption of effec- tual and decisive measures for ameliorating the condition of the slave population of His Majesty's colonies, and preparing them for a participation in those civil rights and privileges which were enjoyed by other classes of His Majesty's subjects.” Among the measures indicated were the abolition of Sunday markets, the cessation of the practise of carrying a whip in the field and the exemption of women from corporal punishment under any circumstances whatever. The Assembly refused to entertain these recommedations on the ground that the slave code " was as com- plete in all its enactments as the nature of circumstances would admit." They also repudiated the right of the Imperial Government to interfere in the internal affairs of the island. The agitation arising out of these contentions was at its height when the Duke of Manchester relinquished the Gobernment and Sir John Keane became Lieutenant Governor. One of his first acts was to announce to the Assembly the disallowance of the law passed in December, 1826, prohibiting Dissenting Ministers and others 54 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. from “ demanding or receiving any moneys or other chattel whatever for affording instruction to slaves." The disallowance was accompanied by an order from the Im- perial Government prohibiting the Governor's assenting to any measure curtailing the religious liberty of any class of His Majesty's subjects unless it contained a sus- pension clause, The Earl of Belmore succeeded to the government in June, 1829, and repeated the demand of the Imperial Government for the amendment of the slave code. After some Acts in this direction which had been possed by the Assembly had been rejected by the King, in consequence of the inclusion of clauses affecting the Dissenting Ministers, an Act was eventually passed from which the obnoxious clauses were ex- cluded, and which enabled slaves to give evidence in Courts of Justice, and this Act was left to its operation. Proposals were, however, subsequently made by the British Government for the further amelioration of the condition of the slaves, and Mr. Curtis Phillip Berry, (a Member of the Assembly) moved that the despatch con- taining these proposals be carried into the public square in front of the House and burned by the common hangman, while Mr. Stamp (another member) suggested the utter disregard of the recommendations, basing his suggestion on the ability of the Colonial Militia to resist the Forces of England. The House declined to consider any measures not emanating from themselves and rejected the recommendations. The hostility of a majority of the Assembly and of the slave-owners to the Impe- rial Government was so intense as to cause them “to threaten the transfer of their allegiance to the United States, or even to assert their independence after the man- ner of their continental neighbours."'* The excitement which these proceedings produced extended itself to the slave population and resulted in an outbreak on the 28th December, 1831. The mansions and sugar works of Kensington Estate in the Parish of St. James were first set on fire by the slaves, and by midnight sixteen in- cendiary fires were destroying the properties in the neighbourhood. The Militia Regiments of the various parishes were, for the most part, already on duty keeping guard, as was customary, during the Christmas Holidays; but now all persons capa- ble of bearing arms were required to render assistance. The Western Interior Regiment, under the command of Colonel Grignon, was reinforced by the 7th Com- pany of the St. James's Regiment and marched to old Montpelier Estate where they were met by two parties of the rebels under the command of self-constituted “ Colo- nels” and “ Captains.” The volleys of the Militia soon put the insurgents to flight -their principal Leaders and many others being killed. The casualties on the part of the Colonial Corps were one man killed and four wounded. By that time the slaves in all the parishes of the County of Cornwall were in rebellion. Those on “ Y.S.” Estate in St. Elizabeth made a stand against the Militia but the latter were victorious and many of the insurgents were killed and a great number taken pri- soners. In Manchester there was also a fight between some of the slaves and the Militia, in which the insurgents lost six of their number. In the meanwhile Martial Law was proclaimed throughout the island and General Sir Willoughby Cotton and detachments of the 77th and the 84th Regiments proceeded to the disaffected dis- tricts. The General made a disposition of his Forces (including the Militia) and himself took the field. Several skirmishes occurred between the insurgents and the Troops, in which many of the former were killed and wounded and a few of the latter were injured. Under the judicious and skilful arrangements of the General the insurgents were separated, some quickly betaking themselves to the woods and mountain fastnesses but most of them returning to the estates and giving themselves up to the authorities and to their masters. A great number expiated their offence by death and others were flogged. Property to the value of £666,977 sterling was destroyed by the insurgents ; and the British Government in commiseration of the deplorable state to which the proprietors were reduced, extended to them a loan of £200,000 to replenish their plantations. The Rev. William Knibb and the other Dissenting Ministers who were arrested during Martial Law for inciting the slaves to rebellion were indicted and acquitted ;t * Life of the Rev. J. M. Phillippo by Dr. Underhill + Mr. Edward Jordon (afterwards President of the Privy Council and Companion of the Bath) was also tried in 1837 on a charge of constructive treason in publishing an article in the Watchman Newspaper and acquitted. HISTORICAL SKETCH OF JAMAICA. a number of the leading slaveholders and their sympathisers, however, formed them- selves into an Association, designated the Colonial Church Union, for the avowed purpose of exterminating the Sectarians. The Wesleyan and Baptist Chapels in St. Ann, Trelawny, St. James and other parishes were destroyed and personal in- dignities were shewn to many of the Pastors. At length a Royal Proclamation was issued declaring the Colonial Church Union an illegal Association and a circular was issued by the Governor (the Earl of Mulgrave) to the Custodes, informing them of his determination to deprive all who continue to adhere to the Union of all ap- pointments held by them under the Crown. Accordingly, Colonel Hamilton Brown of the St. Ann Interior Regiment of Militia was cashiered on parade at Huntley Pasture by the Governor in person, and a number of other gentlemen were deprived of their commission as Magistrates and as Officers of Militia for their connection with the Union. This action on the part of the Governor was the death-blow of the illegal organization. While these measures were being adopted against the Colonial Unionists, the Assembly were again repudiating the right of the Imperial Parliament to legislate for Jamaica. This was in consequence of the Earl of Mulgrave's insisting on the immediate passing of the laws indicated in Mr. Canning's Resolutions of 1823. In reply the Governor informed them that he could not listen to their denial of the right of the Imperial Parliament to legislate on the internal affairs of the colony 6 without asserting in the most unequivocal terms, the transcendant powers of the Imperial Parliament, regulated only by its own discretion, and limited only by such restrictions as itself may have imposed.” The Assembly thereupon passed a resolution in which the announcement of the Government was declared to be “sub- versive of the common rights and dangerous to the lives and liberties of the colonists." They acknowledged the supremacy of the Sovereign, but “ could not admit the supremacy of a portion of His Majesty's subjects in the Parent State over another portion of these subjects in Jamaica." This action on the part of the Assembly led up to the passing of the Imperial Act which declared that from and after the 1st August, 1834, all the slaves in the colonial possession of Great Britain should be for ever free, but subject to an intermediate state of six years apprenticeship for prædials and four years for domestics. Twenty millions of pounds sterling were awarded as compensation to the slave-owners. On the 18th October, 1833, a new Assembly met and the Emancipation Law of the Imperial Parliament was laid before them. The Assemby had now no alterna- tive but to accept the Imperial decree; but before they separated they placed a strong protest against the Act on their Journals. They declared the action of the Imperial Parliament unconstitutional, and designated it as one of spoilation, which could produce nothing but clamour, discontent and rebellion. The Earl of Mulgrave, having achieved the object of his mission, retired, and was succeeded by the Marquis of Sligo, who was appointed with the especial view of carrying out the Scheme of Emancipation. He brought with him a number of Stipendiary Magistrates to administer the Act. On the first of August, 1834, slavery was abolished and the apprenticeship system was established. The number of apprentices in Jamaica for whom pecuniary com- pensation was paid by the British Government was 255,290, and the number of aged persons, children and "runaways" who were excluded from the valuation was 55,780, making a total of 311,070 emancipated bondsmen. The amount of compensation awarded was £5,853,975 sterling. The Marquis of Sligo convened the Legislature in August, 1835, for the purpose of enabling them to pass a Police Law and other measures that had become necessary by the altered state of things in the colony ; but the Bills were so modified and amended in their progress through the House as not to contain any of the essential recommendations of the Secretary of State. This was pointed out in a message from the Governor which was voted a breach of privilege and led to two prorogations. On the re-assembling of the House in May, 1836, the Governor stated that “he had been informed by an authority of more experience than his own, and to which it was his duty to submit, that the delivery of the message relative to the Bill in aid of the Abolition Act involved a breach of their privileges (although not intended) 56 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. and he had to express his regret at the occurrence." The House thereupon pro- ceeded to business and soon after the close of the session the Marquis of Sligo re- tired from the Government. As the Assembly would not pass the required Law in aid of the Abolition Act the Imperial Parliament legislated on the subject and the Act in Aid was proclaimed in the colony. On the 22nd May, 1838, the House of Commons, acting on a demand from the British People, passed a resolution declaring " that the negro apprenticeship in the British Colonies should at once cease and determine." The Local Legislature met on the 5th June and Sir Lionel Smith, the then Governor, called their attention to the uncontrollable agitation existing in the mother country and the excitement in the colony on the apprenticeship question. “ Thus pressed, the House, on the 3rd day of their sitting, read for the first time a Bill to terminate the apprenticeship on the 1st of August. After a brief adjournment it was read a second time, and on the next day, a few amendments being made in Committee, a third time and was passed. It quietly ran its course through the Council and on the 16th June it received the Governor's assent."* But the Assembly protested “before God and man" against the interference of the British Parliament with the internal affairs of Jamaica, and especially against the Imperial Act to amend the Abolition Law and its proclama- tion in the colony. On the 1st August the apprenticeship system was abolished and absolute freedom was conferred upon the whole negro population. The eman. cipated people and their friends devoted three entire days to rejoicing but all the festivities terminated peaceably. Concurrently with the passing of the total Emancipation Act by the Imperial Parliament they passed a Law for the better government of prisons in the West Iudies. The Assembly protested against the “infringement of the inherent rights of the Legislature of the colony,” and resolved on abstaining from the “exercise of any legislative function, except such as might be necessary to preserve inviolate the faith of the island with the public creditor, until they should be left to the free exercise of their inherent rights as British subjects.” The House was prorogued and subsequently dissolved. On the assembling of the new House it adhered to the previous resolution and was prorogued. Seventeen annual laws were left to expire at the end of the year, among which were acts providing for a Police and to a great extent for the public revenue. This dead-lock in legislation having been reported to the Home Authorities a Law was passed by the Imperial Parliament, in which it was provided that in case of the refusal of the Assembly to resume the work of legislation within a given time the Governor and Council should have power to pass revenue laws and to re-enact ex- piring and expired laws for a limited period. Sir Charles (afterwards Lord) Metcalfe was sent to Jamaica as Governor with instructions to endeavour to effect a recon. ciliation between the contending parties without reference to the special enactment, but if this became impossible then to govern the colony according to the Imperial Act. Sir Charles Metcalfe met the Legislature for the first time on the 22nd October, 1839, and delivered a conciliatory speech. In their reply the Assembly justified their past conduct, but receded from their previous resolution and then proceeded to business Among the measures recommended by the Governor and passed by the Legislature was one for establishing a new judicial system, under which provision was made for a Vice-Chancellor, a Chief Justice, two Assistant Judges and nine Chairmen of Quarter Sessions,-all to be legally trained. Laws were also passed for abolishing the sentence of death in all cases except such as were similarly punished in England and for legalizing marriages by Dissenting Ministers. The currency was assimilated to that of the United Kingdom and a number of white immigrants from Scotland and Ireland were introduced. Many of the descendants of the Maroons who were transported in 1796 returned to the colony and resumed their residence here. Sir Charles Metcalfe left the Island on the 21st May, 1842, amidst the regrets of the inhabitants. “He had reconciled the colony with the mother-country; he had reconciled all classes of colonial society; and whilst he had won the approbation of his sovereign, he had carried with him also the hearts of * Life of the Rev. J. M. Phillippo by Dr. Underhill. HISTORICAL SKETCH OF JAMAICA. 57 the people."'* The Assembly subsequently voted the sum of £3,000 for the erection of a monument to perpetuate his memory. Lord Elgin assumed the Government. During two years and a half there was a gloom over the island in consequence of a succession of earthquakes, storms and Hoods ; † but his Lordship ultimateiy distinguished his government by his efforts to improve the social condition of the colony and develop its varied industrial resources, The Royal Agricultural Society and several parochial associations of a similar kind were established under his presidency and a variety of improvements in modes of cultivation, machinery, &c., were introduced through his instrumentality. Immi- gration from India was authorized by the Imperial Government, and the first batch of coolies arrived in 1815. New breeds of cattle were also brought to the island. The Jamaica Railway was opened for traffic and the foundation stone of the General Penitentiary was laid. But the beneficial effects of these important improvements were soon to be displaced by despondency and retrogression. In August, 1816, tho Imperial Parliament passed an Act for the gradual equalization of the sugar duties on British and Foreign productions, and the Assembly in the succeeding November declared that they were in consequence unable to continue the institutions of the colony on the present scale, or to defray the future expense of coolie immigration. Just about this time Sir Charles Edward Grey arrived as Governor. The Legisla- ture met (according to adjournment) on the 15th February, 1817, and petitions were presente i from all parts of the island praying for a reduction of the salaries of the public officers and the curtailment of the expenditure of all public institutions. Thereupon the “ War of Retrenchment” began. Bill after bill embodying the Re- trenchment Scheme was passed, session after session by the Assembly, but rejected by the Council. Mr. Justice Stevenson (afterwards Sir William Stevenson) pro- tested in a letter published in the Morning Journal newspaper against the continued endeavour of the Assembly “to violate public faith and confiscate the property of public men” and he was committed to gaol for a breach of the privilegus of the House. A few days after this incident (which caused the retirement of Mr. Steven- son from the Judicial Bench of the colony) the Legislature was prorogued to enable them again to deal with the Revenue Bills which were about to expire. (Continuing Bills had been rejected by the Council on account of the revenue having been appro- priated to the payment of certain items of expenditure only) On their re-assem- bling the rejected measures were again passed by the Assembly and sent to the Council, where they were again as summarily rejected. On the 30th April, 1853, the annual Laws for levying the import and rum duties expired and on the following day Jamaica was a free port. The “ Treasury was then in utter bankruptcy and the island notes issued by the Commissioners of Accounts to meet pressing and un- avoidable expenses were at a discount of from 30 to 40 per cent. The loss of the revenue arising out of the failure of the Revenue Bills amounted to £130,00'). Every effort made by Sir Charles Grey to reconcile the differences between the Council and the Assembly utterly failed; and at length the disagreement became one of a personal character between the executive and the Assembly. Sir Charles Grey was charged by the Assembly with unduly influencing and supporting the Council, which was then almost entirely composed of office holders, in their opposi. tion to a reduction of the salaries of themselves and the other officials of the island, and with invasion of the rights and privileges of the Assembly with regard to the raising and appropriating of public moneys. His Excellency in reply informed the House that the pleasure, or the pain, or the indifference, with which he heard remarks upon his public conduct deponded mainly upon the estimation in which he held those by whom they were made." This infuriated the opposition and the fol- lowing resolution was on the 20th May, 1853, agreed to by a majority of ten: “That in consequence of the rejection of the Revenue Bills by the second Branch of the Legislature during the last session, and the recklessness and utter disregard of the interests of the colony thereby displayed, and this House having failed in their en- deavours made at the opening of the present session to obtain any assurance that the honorable the Board of Council will make any concession, however reasonable, # Kay's Life of Lord Metcalfe. See Ilandbook of 1882, pages 124 and 125. Gardner's History of Jamaica. 58 HAND BOOK OF JAMAICA. the House feels that it cannot, with any confidence, continue to legislate measures for the benefit of its constituents, and in self respect and in vindication of the rights of the people, it declines to do any business with the honourable Board of Council On the passing of this resolution the House adjourned and the “ deadlock" con- tinued. The whole question was in the meantime brought under the consideration of the Imperial Government, and the period of Sir Charles Grey's administration having, fortunately for the Colonial Secretary, about then expired, Sir Henry Barkly was commissioned as Governor of Jamaica. “Sir Henry had been a sugar planter in Demerara, and had been sent to that colony to settle the Retrenchment Question there, and had done so to the satisfaction of all parties. The Retrenchment Party therefore saw in him a sympathiser and a deliverer, and he was heartily welcomed by them, and, indeed, by the entire community. The members of Assembly trans- formed their Legislative Hall into a Ball Room and subscribed liberally to a magni. ficent entertainment to Sir Henry and Lady Barkly."'* Sir Henry Barkly called the Legislature together for a new session at the earliest opportunity after his arrival, and in his opening speech he fully expressed himself on the questions at issue. “ What Jamaica stands pre-eminently in need of at the present stage of her political progress," said His Excellency, " is a strong Executive Administration, consisting of upright and intelligent men, chosen from among her own citizens, to devote themselves to the exclusive study of her condition-charged with the sole responsibility, in all matters of finance, and serving as an ackncwledged medium of communication between the Representative of the Crown, the Council and the House of Assembly.” The recommendation was adopted and the Act for the better government of the Island was passed, under which the Governor was autho rized to appoint an Executive Committee to consist of no more than four members of the Legislature. In consideration of the adoption of this measure and the pro- vision of a permanent revenue of £25,000 per annum, to be appropriated in payment ! of the salaries of the Judges, the Executive Committee, the Receiver-General and several other public officers, the Imperial Government guaranteed a loan of £500,000 at 4 per cent, to pay off the debts of the colony. At the same time the Legislative Council was deprived of its functions as a Privy Council and the number was in- : creased to seventeen members. A new Privy Council was formed consisting of sixteen members. Sir Henry Barkly was sworn in as Captain-General and Gover nor-in-Chief under the new Constitution and the first Executive Committee was appointed ; these were Mr. (afterwards Sir) Bryan Edwards in the Legislative Council and Mr. Edward Jordon and Mr. Henry Westmoreland in the Assembly. While these political questions were agitating the country, considerable alarm was created by rumours of an approaching rebellion of the negroes, “ The ground-work of the whole matter” was declared to be “the belief of the peasantry that the United States of America were likely to take possession of the island and to reduce them (the negroes) to slavery.” This belief, it was supposed, had originated from the men- tion which had been made in some of the American papers of the destressed state of the island, and the good which would result from its annexation, with Cuba, to the United States ; and what the planters had said " on the subject of relief from Great 1 Britain, as well as other persons-some, very influential.”+ The Governor made arrangements to have a sufficient force available if any disturbance should occur in the districts where it was apprehended, and issued a Proclamation to quiet the minds of the peasantry by assuring them that there was no danger that any attempt would again be made to reduce them to slavery. These measures were successful and all cause for alarm soon passed away. In the year 1850 Asiatic Cholera had made its appearance, for the first time, in Jamaica. It first occurred in Port Royal and afterwards severely scourged nearly every parish in the island. The mortality was estimated at 32,000 persons or about one in 13 of the population at the time. A second visitation of the decease occurred three years later but its ravages and duration were not so great as was the case in 1850. The first session of the Legislature under the new constitution was devoted to the passing of laws for effecting financial reforms and restoring public credit; but there was still an empty Treasury and heavy arrears were outstanding. For five years the * Political Life of C. I. Jackson. † Letter of Archdeacon Williams to Bishop Spencer. HISTORICAL SKETCH OF JAMAICA. 59 Receiver-General was unable to pay in full all claims against the Treasury and the cry for retrenchment still prevailed. This was effected in the second session under the new constitution, when the judicial, clergy and other establishments were reduced on equitable terms and the holders of abolished offices were placed on the pensions list, which was then created. Sir Henry Barkly having effected these objects was transferred, on promotion, to Victoria and Mr. (afterwards Sir) C. H. Darling was appointed Governor. Governor Darling, after"a careful consideration of the relative bearing of the seve- ral clauses of the Act for the better Government of the island, informed the Execu. tive Committee that he had arrived at the conclusion that“ it was the intention of the Legislature to establish in Jamaica the main principle, at least, upon which Respon- sible Governments in other colonies rests, na:nely, that in all important questions, which are of a purely domestic nature, the colony should be governed according to the well understood views and wishes of the constituencies (assumed to be the peo- ple) as expressed by their representatives in the Legislature."* Messrs Jordan, Hosack, and Price, the then members of the Executive Committee, contended that “ the theory of the government established by the Acts for the better government of this island made the Governor for the time being alone responsible for the Acts of the Government ;” and that “ Responsible Government, which was what the Go- vernor sought to establish, was unsuited to the country.” Mr Darling differed from the members of the Committee and they submitted their resignation 8. Messrs. R. W. Smith, George Solomon and the Baron Von Ketelhodt were thereupon appointed to office on the principle of ministerial responsibility. Mr. Solomon on entering on his duties as Financial Minister presented a statement to the Assembly shewing a deficit in the Treasury of 58,060 18s. 3d., and obtaining a law providing for the issue, if necessary, of £20,000 of Treasury bonds to meet immediate claims. Soon after Governor Darling left the island on leave and Mr. Edward John Eyre was appointed Lieutenant-Governor. The Assembly met in November, 1862, and the intensity of former political strug- gles soon manifested itself in opposition to the Executive Committee. Early in the following year it became necessary to dissolve the House and on the meeting of the new Assembly Mr Westmoreland moved an Address to the Lieutenant-Governor, declaring " that having regard to the mal-administration of the financial affairs of the colony, the continuance in office of His Excellency's present constitutional Advisers is incompatible with the due progress of the public business and the wel. fare of the island." The address was passed by a majority of one and Mr. Smith and his colleagues resigned Messrs. Jordon, Westmoreland and Phillips (the lat . ter being subsequently replaced by Mr. Price) were appointed their successors. This did not secure political tranquillity and it was not long before the Lieutenant- Governor and the Assembly came into direct collision and the Assembly (or rather thirteen members of that body acting as a quorum) « declined to proceed to any further business with His Excellency.” This determination was the result of Mr. Eyre's having instructed the Attorney-General “to adopt proceedings, by way of habeas corpus, to impeach the right of the Assembly to imprison persons for con- tempt." Mr. Ewart, the Agent-General of Immigration, had been imprisoned by the House for declining to reply to certain questions concerning his office, which had been submitted to him by a Committee of the Assembly, on the ground that the information he possessed was “privileged.” Just about this time Mr. Darling was transferred to Victoria and Mr. Eyre appointed Guvernor-in-Chief-the Se. cretary of State (The Duke of Newcastle) having promoted him in testimony of his approval of the course he had a lopted in the recent conflict with the Assembly. Whilst these political questions were agitating the country “a drought had deso- lated the provision grounds and deprived the peasantry of their usual food. The American war and increased taxation on imports had also made costly the supply of breadstuffs.”+ Agitators availed themselves of these calamities to excite the public mind. A public meeting was held in Kingston under the presidency of Mr. George William Gordon, at which a resolution was passed calling upon all the descendants of Africa, in every parish throughout the island, to form themselves into Societies * Jamaica Parliamentary Debates, 1860-61. † Dr. Underhill on Jamaica. E 2 60 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA, and hold public meetings and to co-operate, for the purpose of setting forth their grievances.” The greater number of the speeches delivered at these meetings were of a seditious character, and a Committee designated “The Central communicating Committee" was formed, with its head quarters in St. David's. The movement thus inaugurated soon had its natural effect. On the 11th October, 1865, the Vestry of St. Thomas-in-the-East met for the transaction of their ordinary business. At about three o'clock some hundreds of people armed with cutlasses, sticks, muskets, and bayonets entered the square in front of the Court House at Morant Bay and declared for “war.” They were all blacks and their cry was “colour for colour, blood for blood.” They began their overt acts by stoning the Volun- teers who were drawn up in front of the Court House (a disturbance having been anticipated) and Captain Hitchins was struck on the forehead. The Riot Act was read and the Volunteers fired, but they were soon overpowered. A hand-to-hand struggle ensued during which Captain Hitchins, faint from the loss of blood, rested on the knee of a Volunteer the rifle he had taken from a murdered comrade, and fired his two remaining rounds of ammunition. He was then surrounded and hacked to death. All the officers and many of the members of the Volunteer Corps “nobly died at their post, gallantly doing their duty.'* The Custos of the Parish, the Curate of Bath, the Inspector of Police, and a number of Magistrates and other personages were also murdered. Un intelligence of the outbreak reaching the seat of government troops were im- mediately despatched to the disaffected district and Martial Law was proclaimed. The Maroons of Scott's Hall and Moore Town were called out and headed by their veteran chief, Colonel Fyfe, took the field and did good service in arresting the fugitive rebels. The Pensioners of the West India Regiments residing in Jamaica were called to their colours and responded with alacrity. In Kingston the number of Volunteers increased within three days from one hundred and fifty rank and file to over five hundred, and additional Volunteer Companies were improvised in every parish of the island. “Within three days from the first intelligence of the rebel- lion reaching Kingston it was headed, checked, and hemmed in, and within a week it was fairly crushed.”+ The Military and Volunteers, however, remained on guard and transport duty during the entire month of Martial Law and their services were appreciatively acknowledged by the Governorin his opening speech to the Legislature, and they received the thanks of the Legislative Council and the Assembly. The relatives dependent upon those who fell in the engagement of the 11th October were pensioned by the Legislature. Mr. Gordon was arrested, tried by a Court Martial and hanged, and a number of the actual ringleaders among the insurgents were similiarly dealt with. On intelligence of the outbreak reaching England Sir Henry Knight Storks was despatched to Jamaica to assume the government and to act as President of a Royal Commission of Euquiry. He was associated with Mr. Russell Gurney, the Recorder of London, and Mr. J. B. Maule, the Recorder of Leeds. The conclusions arrived at by them were—" (1) That the punishments inflicted during Martial Law were excessive; (2) that the punishment of death was unnecessarily frequent; (3) that the floggings were reckless and at Bath positively barbarous ; (4) that the burning of one thousand houses was wanton and cruel.” The Commissioners also reported that the disturbances had their immediate origin in a planned resistance to lawful authority," and that “a principal object of the disturbers of order was the obtaining of land free from the payment of rent.” Her Majesty's Government while giving Governor Eyre “full credit for those portions of his conduct to which credit was justly due, felt compelled by the result of the inquiry to disapprove of other portions of his conduct" and declined to replace him in the government of the colony. Mr. Eyre thereupon left Jamaica. The Legislature had previously, at the instance of Governor Eyre, passed a law to abolish the then existing Constitution, and to empower Her Majesty the Queen “to create and constitute a government for this island in such form and with such powers as to Her Majesty may best seem fitting," and the act had received the assent * Governor Eyre's Report to Mr. Secretary Cardwell. Governor Eyre's Speech to the Legislature. HISTORICAL SKETCH OF JAMAICA. 61 of the Crown. Thus was brought to a close a Representative Institution which had existed for 202 years, and which had exercised powers, in some respects, in ex- cess of those of the British House of Commons itself. Sir John Peter Grant, K.C.B., arrived as Captain-General and Governor-in-Chief of the island on the 5th August, 1866. He brought with him an Order in Council dated the 11th June of that year establishing a new form of government. The new Legislature was designated - The Legislative Council of Jamaica” and consisted at first of the Governor and six official and three non-official mombers.* A Privy Council was also provided for. The Legislative Council met for the despatch of business on the 16th October and at once directed their attention to the re-adjustment of the public finances. There had been a deficit on the 30th September, 1865, of £80,656, and there were obliga- tions arising out of the recent disturbances to be immediately met. With the view of providing for these requirements, without unduly pressing on any particular sec- tion of the community, the excise duty on rum was increased, the house tax was extended to all houses under £12 annual rental, a small tax was laid on land and a trade license was imposed on Merchants, Storekeepers, Newspapers Proprietors and other men in business. In the following year additional customs duties were levied on wines, tobacco and similar articles of luxury and an addition of ten per cent. was in all cases made to the total amount payable on imports. Estates machinery and other articles required for the production of the staples of the colony and the development of its resources were however admitted free. The result of these re- adjustments was that on the 30th September, 1868, there was a surplus of £5,599 ; this was the first time for many years that the finances of the colony had shown an excess of revenue over expenditure.* The Government had now begun a series of changes in the political and fiscal affairs of the colony. One of the first measures of reform was the reduction of the number of parishes from twenty-two to fourteen. The parishes were thus nearly equalized in size and population and the annual expenditure for maintenance was greatly reduced. A new revenue system was established, whereby the Officers of Customs and the Col- lectors of Taxes were placed under a Central Head and the collection of the revenue, both internal and external, was regulated by a uniform system. A semi-military Police was organized and placed under an Inspector-General, and a Rural Police was added as an Auxiliary Force for the detection of crime in the remote districts of the country. The Judicial Establishment was re-constituted. District Courts ou the model of the English County Courts were introduced; Public Prosecutors were appointed as Assistants to the Attorney-General ; the Judges of the Supreme Court were authorised to admit Solicitors of seven years' standing to practise as Advocates in the Supreme Court, and a Commission was appointed to prepare a new and re- vised editicn of the statutes of this island. Grand Juries were abolished and the Attorney-General was charged with the power of preferring indictments against person accused of crime. The reduction of the number of Judges of the Supreme Court from four to two, as vacancies occurred, was sanctioned. A Medical Depart- ment for providing the inhabitants, and especially those in the rural districts, with medical attendance and medicine, was established ; and a change in the educational system, under which the annual grants to elementary schools were based on results, was inaugurated. As a part of this new education movement provision was made for the training of Schoolmasters at a Government Training College in Spanish Town and at the Mico Institution in Kingston. A Government Savings Bank was opened in Kingston, with branches in the several parishes, in substitution of the old Trustee Banks, which were limited in their operations and but indifferently managed by the local Trustees. The postal rates on letters were reduced and postal com- munication between Kingston and the interior was extended to three posts per week. A Department of Public Works was organized under an officer designated the Di. rector of Roads and Superintendent of Public Works, and an effective system of road supervision was inaugurated. The public buildings which had for years been falling into decay were repaired and commodious hospitals, police stations and other necessary buildings were constructed on modern principles. In the year 1868 Coolie * See article on Political Constitution in this Publication, 62 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA, immigration was resumed (after having been stopped for four years) and Cinchopa was first permanently planted at Bellevue, on the Blue Mountain Range, by the Government. In the same year the fruit trade with the United States of America was started at Port Antonio by private enterprize. The greater part of these improvements involved large additional annual expendi- ture from the Public Treasury; but notwithstanding this there was an annual surplus during the whole period of Sir John Peter Grant's administration. His Excellency in reporting on the finances of the year 1871-72 (the year preceding that in which he left the colony) informed the Secretary of State as follows: “The continuing surplus accrues from no increase of taxation, and is in the face of a large expenditure on public works of utility and importance, of a largely increasing expenditure on such departments as those of education and medicine, and of some increase of expenditure in those administrative and revenue departments which necessarily require develop- ment as the population and wealth of the colony became developed.”* Among the innposts remitted in consequence of the solvency of the finances were the tonnage dues and the tax on breeding stock, working cattle, and sheep, which were inherited from the old Legislature, and the additional import duty which was levied in 1868. A Census was taken on the 31st July, 1871, which showed that the population which was recorded as 506,154 had increased by 14.7 per cent in the ten years ending on that day. Within the same period the Established Church in Jamaica was abo- lished by the expiry of the Clergy Law and the first Synod of the Disestablished Church was held in Kingston under the presidency of Bishop Courtenay. The Law of Charles II., empowering the Governor for the time, with the advice of a Council of War, to declare Martial Law in times of disturbance, was repealed. Two other noteworthy occurrences took place during the administration of Sir John Peter Grant. The first was the transfer of the seat of Government from Spanish Town, the ancient capital, to Kingston, the commercial centre. The second is the case of the La Have. The La Have, with papers showing that Kingston was her destination, and with a cargo of guns and munitions of war, was captured on the high seas by a Spanish man-of-war and towed into Port Royal. The cargo was detained by order of Gover- nor Sir J.P. Grant on the advice of Mr. Attorney-General Heslop, under an Island Statute which declared that munitions of war shipped at a foreign port are forfeited to the Crown if imported into Jamaica. Actions for damages were filed by the owners of the vessel and cargo against Sir J. P. Grant, the amount claimed being £35,000. After the first case had been heard and a verdict had been given against the defendant a compromise was effected by the parties to the suits, the Governor giving his promissory note, payable in six months for £7,920, with interest at 8 per cent. to the date of payment and restoring the arms and munitions. The Legisla- tive Council subsequently passed a vote for redeeming the promissory note, but requested the Governor “to urge the Secretary of State, in as strong a manner as His Excellency might deem fit, the justice of the British Government's refunding the amount to the Colony, the seizure having been made for the purpose of carry- ing out Imperial Policy and International Law. The amount was refunded. Sir J.P. Grant left Jamaica on the 25th January, 1874, and Mr. W. A. G. Young, the Acting Colonial Secretary, assumed the Government as President of the Privy Council. Sir William Grey arrived as Governor on the 4th April. During his ad- ministration the island was afflicted with a hurricane (Novenuber, 1874) by which many of the provision grounds of the peasantry were destroyed, and by a severe drought (1876) followed by heavy and continuous rains, which did unusual damage to the roads throughout the Island. Small-pox also prevailed epidemically in some parts of the island, especially in Vere and Clarendon, and endemically in other parts. A considerable commercial panic, in consequence of overtrading on fictitious capital, also occurred. Two of the leading firms of Kingston failed for the large sum of £353,844 and these failures caused several other bankruptcies. The reaction which followed upon this general collapse of trade had a very unfavourable effect on the import duties and on the revenue from stamps. * Sir John Grant's Report on the Blue Book of 1872. † See Articles on Church of England in Jamaica in this Publication. HISTORICAL SKETCH OF JAMAICA. 63 Against these calamities there were the successful exhibition of a collection of Jamaica products at the International Exhibition which was held at Philadelphia in 1876, and the establishing of Street Cars in the City of Kingston through the enterprise of a private company. The Rio Cobre Irrigation Works were completed at a cost of £126,500 and the Dry River Bridge, which had for some years been in construction, was opened for traffic. Sir William Grey relinquished the Government on the 10th March, 1877, in con- sequence of ill health, and Lieutenant-Governor Rushworth, C.M.G., was sworn into office. During his short administration Jamaica was admitted into the Postal Union ; Kingston was lighted with Gas, and a Commission was appointed to enquire into the condition of the juvenile population of Jamaica, Mr. Rushworth died of yellow fever on the 10th August, 1877, and the government devolved on Major-General Mann, as President of the Privy Council. Sir Anthony Musgrave, K.C.M.G., arrived and assumed the government as Cap- tain-General and Governor-in-Chief on the 24th August, 1877. In opening the first session of the Legislative Council after his arrival, His Excellency had to make un- favourable announcements with regard to the public finances. By an arrangement made by the Secretary of State for the Colonies, in deference to representations from the sugar planters of the colony, the immigration debt which then stood at £174,923 was transferred to the Public Treasury, together with the annual expenses of hos- pitals and medical attendance on immigrants. In addition to these assumed liabi- lities there was a deficit of £4,063 in the general accounts on the 30th September, 1877, and an anticipated deficit of £2,683 on the general accounts of the financial year 1877-78. To meet these demands the Legislative Council, on the recommenda- tion of the Governor, re-imposed the poll-tax on breeding stock which was repealed by Law 14 of 1870 and raised a loan of £35,000 under Law 1 of 1878. The only other aids to the general revenue during the year (1877-78) were the trifling export duties on coffee and logwood, which were transferred from the Immigration fund to general revenue, as a set-off against the assumption by the public of the charges in connection with immigration. By a reduction in the expenditure on public works and other economies the finances of the year were closed with a surplus; but the new loan remained as an addition to the public debt. In the next session Sir Anthony Musgrave announced that “in consequence of the healthy condition of the finances and the improved prospects of the coming year” he proposed to submit to the decision of the Council “ the propriety of some special votes for purposes of public utility and the augmentation of the provisions al- ready made for some objects of importance.” Among the measures thus recom- mended were an annual scholarship granting to the holder the means of prosecuting his studies to completion at any British University; the appointment of a govern- ing body for the management of a high school to promote the higher education of the country; an increase in the number of Pupil Teachers at the Goveroment Train- ing College at Spanish Town and at other similar institutions, and the founding of an institute for the promotion of literature, science and art in Jamaica. He also recommended the construction of a line of Electric Telegraph between Kingston and Montego Bay, with a branch from St. Ann's Bay to Port Antonio; the subsidizing of the West India and Panama Telegraph Company for the purpose of securing tele- graphic communications with other countries; the purchase of the Jamaica Railway and its extensions to Porus on the south-side and Êwarton on the north-side; the restoration of the buildings of the saline baths at Milk River and the extension of cinchona cultivation on the Government Plantations in St. Andrew. These recom- mendations were all agreed to and fully carried out. A system of registration of births, deaths and marriages, which had previously been sanctioned by the Legis- lature, was brought into operation on the 1st April, 1878. In the following year a new Marriage Law, which provided for the appointment of Marriage Officers and for purely civil marriages where the parties desired them, and a Divorce Law, were passed. A series of laws having for their object the improvement of the Judicial System and the consolidation of the superior Courts into one superior Court of Judi- cature and the appointment of a second Puisne Judge, were also passed. In the same year (1879) there was an extension of the telegraph line so as to complete the 64 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. circuit of this useful and civilizing undertaking, and the establishing of steam con- munication round the island by means of an annual subsidy. Early in the following year (March 1880) their Royal Highnesses Prince Albert Victor and George, sons of the Prince of Wales, arrived in Jamaica in H. M. Ship “ Bacchante" and were entertained by Lieutenant Governor Newton, who was then administering the government during the temporary absence of Sir Anthony Mus- grave. On the return of Sir Anthony Musgrave to the colony on the 4th June, 1880, he received an address of welcome from the inhabitants of Kingston, in which they ex- pressed their obligation to him for “the institution of many enlightened measures- the promotion of higher education, the extension of railways, the electric telegraph and other kindred improvements.” Lieutenant-Governor Newton also received an address from the inhabitants of Kingston in which they expressed - the feelings of respect and hearty good will with which the ability, urbanity and liberality he had exercised in the discharge of his responsible duties had inspired them." In the latter part of 1879 (from October 8th to the 13th) there were heavy rains which caused great destruction of property and loss of life in and near Kingston; and in the following year there was a severe drought which continued to the begin- ning of August, when ordinary rains fell. On the 8th a cyclone passed over the eastern half of the island which lasted for about five hours and did considerable damage to public and private property and to the growing crops of the peasantry. Nearly all the wharves in the Kingston harbour were destroyed and the shipping sustained much injury. But little rain fell in Kingston during the storm and there was moonlight throughout. Five persons were drowned and twenty-five died from the falling of houses, &c. A double shock of earthquake, each consisting of a large number of tremors, lasting 7 or 8 seconds occurred on the 7th December and was felt throughout the island. Towards the end of the year there were general and fertilizing rains, which had a beneficial effect on the growing crops. On the 4th March, 1881, a Census was taken, the population being 580,804 ; this gave an increase of 74,650 over the number returned by the Census of 1871 and showed that the population had increased at the rate of 7,000 per annum. The Legislative Council met on the 22nd November, 1881, when the Governor announced a deficit of £44,446 on the accounts of the financial year, “This," His Excellency said, “ought not to be altogether surprising in a year which was admitted to have been one of severe distress to the masses of the people, almost all over the colony, in consequence of the protracted drought which succeeded the cyclone of August last year.” An anticipated deficit of £16,702 on the ordinary requirements of the succeeding financial year was also announced. To meet the total deficit (£61,148) the Legislative Council, at the instance of the Government, increased the excise duty on rum from 5/ to 8/ per gallon and imposed an additional 10 per cent. on all Customs duties. The Government by curtailing all expenditure on improve- ments that could be postponed without injury to the country; by absorbing the annual profits of the Government Savings Bank and by adopting other financial re-arrangements were able to reduce the deficit to £18,178 on the 30th September, 1882. Thereupon the imposition of the additional 10 per cent. on the Customs duties was repealed, but it was considered expedient to continue the increased duty on rum. In the meantime (that is to say in July, 1881,) two actions were tried in the King- ston Circuit Court in the suit of General Pulido, of Venezuela, against Governor Sir Anthony Musgrave and Mr. Richard Gillard, Collector of Customs, for the de- tention in 1877 of the Schooner Florence and her cargo of arms and ammunition, Damages were laid in the two cases at £18,000. The vessel had, on her arrival at Port Royal, reported herself in distress, and after landing her cargo of arms and ammunition at Fort Augusta had been permitted to enter the Kingston Harbour for repairs. On the completion of these repairs the Captain was required by the Go. vernor, on the advice of Mr. Attorney General O'Malley, to enter into security to proceed direct to St. Thomas, her reported place of destination, with her cargo of arms and ammunition. A thousand pounds was lodged in the Treasury by her con- signees, which was repaid on the production of a certificate from the British Consul HISTORICAL SKETCH OF JAMAICA. 65 at St. Thomas as to the fulfilment of the contract. It was for the delay and other contingent trespasses that the actions were instituted. The verdicts were for the plaintiff, the damages being assessed at £6,700. The amount (with the costs in the suits) was paid by the Governor by means of an advance from the Treasury, in order to save the interest at six per cent. which was running on the judgment, and to avoid the very probable indignity to himself of having his property levied upon and sold to liquidate the claim. But Sir Anthony Musgrave expressed his readiness to refund the amount should the course pursued by him be disapproved by the Secretary of State, and he asked for instructions as to how the damages and costs were finally to be paid. In December a Despatch from the Secretary of State directing the Governor to apply to the Legislative Council for a vote to cover the amount was received by His Excellency and laid before the Council. The despatch required the official members to support the vote. In consequence of this the Auditor General (Mr. J. C. Macglashan) and the Crown Solicitor (Mr. S. C. Burke) resigned their seats, the first on the ground that “the acts of the Governor in reference to the vessel were regarded by the Colonial and Foreign Secretaries as questions of imperial and in- ternational duty," and the second on the ground that “the damages and costs were incurred solely in pursuance of imperial policy and objects."* The despatch was referred to a Select Committee who reported that “the Council would not be justified in sanctioning the vote as the detention of the vessel was made entirely to protect imperial interests and in no way could this island derive any benefit therefrom.” The report was disagreed to by the votes of the official members of the Council and the further consideration of the question was postponed until after the Christmas recess. Public meetings in support of the views of the Select Committee were held in Kingston and several other parishes and on the re- assembling of the Council in January, 1882, a number of petitions were presented against the passing of any vote of money for the damages and costs in the suits re- ferred to. On the question being again brought on for discussion a resolution was carried by the votes of the unofficial members, to the effect, that the Council recorded its agreement with the prayers of these petitions. The Governor in forwarding the resolution to the Secretary of State informed him of the “total impossibility that the question at issue could be decided in favour of the Government with the present majority of unofficial members” and asked for further instructions.* On the 7th November a minute was read from the Governor laying before the Council a copy of a despatch from the Secretary of State, stating that Her Majesty's Government was prepared to ask Parliament to consent to the payment of one half of the amount of the damages and costs of the suits on learning that the payment of the other half from colonial funds had been sanctioned by the Legislative Council, and directing the Governor to bring a vote for the amount before the Council. His Excellency accordingly requested the Council to pass the vote required. On the motion for the vote being put to the Council eight official members and the Commander of the Forces voted in support of it and the six unofficial members present voted against it. At the meeting of the Council on the 11th November the Governor announced that since their last meeting he had received the resignation of the six unofficial members in question, namely, Messrs. McDowell, Gibb, Shirley, Michael Solomon, Kerr, and Henderson. (Mr. Sewell, who was in England, had tendered his resigna- tion direct to the Secretary of State, and Mr. George Solomon who was also absent from the island resigned soon after his return to Jamaica.) While the negotiations with regard to the case of the Florence were progressing Mr. George Solomon had proposed in the Legislative Council and carried by the votes of the unofficial members, a resolution declaring "that the expenditure of the island during the fifteen years of Crown Government had been in excess in the aggregate to the extent of £2,000,000 over any similar period in the history of the colony without, in the opinion of the Council, any adequate advantages being derived therefrom.” The result of this resolution and of the representations that had been made in the petitions from the public meetings with regard to the case of the Florence was the appointment of a Royal Commission to enquire into the public revenue, ex- penditure, debts and liabilities of the island. Further action with regard to the * Papers laid before Parliament, December, 1882. 66 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. Florence case was stayed by the publication of a despatch from the Secretary of State in which it was intiinated, in connection with the resignation of their seats by the unofficial members of the Legislative Council, that Her Majesty's Government did not then propose to take any steps for filling the vacancies, as it would be conve- nient that no important legislation should be undertaken by the Council until the Report of the Royal Finance Commissioners had been received and considered. Just before the arrival in Jamaica of the Royal Commissioners a calamitous fire occurred in Kingston (on the 11th December, 1882,) by which the greater part of the business portion of the town was destroyed, much valuable property consumed and great distress occasioned to the poorer classes. The area over which the fire extended was about 40 acres, containing 589 houses. The market value of the house property destroyed was estimated at between £150,000 and £200,000. Subscriptions were received from all parts of the Empire, from the United States of America and from the other parishes of Jamaica for the relief of the sufferers, the total amount received from abroad being £11,945 16s. 6d. and the total amount contributed locally being £4,810 1s. 74d. (These sums were exclusive of the large amount subscribed by the Masonic Fraternity in Jamaica and elsewhere for the relief of their Brethren who were sufferers by the fire.) The Royal Commissioners arrived on the 5th January, 1883, and immediately en- tered on their important duties ; their inquiry lasted to the 25th February when they left Jamaica for the Leeward Islands to prosecute similar inquiries there. Soon after Sir Anthony Musgrave assumed the government he had appointed a Commission to “inquire into and report upon the extent, composition and organization of the seve- ral public departments of the island” and in the month of January, 1882, their report was laid before the Council. The recommendations in the report were reviewed by the Royal Commissioners and in the majority of cases suggestions other than those included therein were made by them. On the 20th April, Sir Anthony Musgrave finally relinquished the Government, having completed his term of office and been appointed to the Governorship of Queens: land. The citizens of Kingston presented a farewell address to His Excellency, in the course of which they stated “ that they had hoped that His Excellency's adminis- tration would have been extended so as to have enabled him to perfect and complete the many works of progress undertaken by him for the future advantage and pros- perity of the colony.” They concluded thus: “It is with gratitude that as a people we say that the administration of your Excellency has been one which, while it illus- trates the capacity of the Administrator, has tended to develop both the industrial and mental capacities of the people, and cannot fail largely to contribute to their welfare and happiness.” His Excellency in a despatch to the Secretary of State, when leaving the colony, thus reviewed his administration of the government: “So far as it has been in my power to direct it, the policy of the Local Government has been to facilitate the ready administration of justice and the organization of public departments, to improve the sanitary condition of the people and the diffusion of education among them, and to furnish those means of communication by telegraph and post, and transport by railway, which in all countries are found to stimulate industry by giving value to its products." Colonel Wiseman-Clarke administered the Government as Senior Member of the Privy Council until the arrival of Major-General Gamble, C.B., from Barbados, on the 4th May, 1883. During the latter's term of office a public meeting was held in Kingston “to protest against the continuance of the official Legislative Council" and “ taxation without representation ;" and a deputation of gentlemen interested in Jamaica waited upon the Earl of Derby (then Secretary of State for the Colonies) at the Colonial Office in London “ to express their views regarding a desired im- provement in the Government and Legislature of the island, by which a legitimate control over the expenditure should be exercised by the non-official body.” The deputation was introduced in an explanatory speech by Captain Price, M.P., for Devonport. Addresses were also delivered by Mr. Richard Hill Jackson of Jamaica and Mr. James Ohlson, the Secretary of the West India Committee in England. Lord Derby in reply stated that Her Majesty's Government had “carefully consi- dered the question of the Constitution of Jamaica and were prepared to take a new HISTORICAL SKETCH OF JAMAICA. departure, and that it was their intention to introduce something of an elective ele- ment into the new arrangements that were to be made.” On the 17th December, 1883, the inhabitants of Kingston presented Major-General Gamble with a farewell address, and four days afterwards His Excellency relin- quished the Government to His Excellency Sir Henry Wylie Norman, K.C.B., C.I.E., who had been appointed Captain-General and Governor-in-Chief of Jamaica and its dependencies. An address of welcome was presented to Sir Henry W. Norman at the Town Hall. The address expressed the hope that His Excellency's accession to office would be signalized by the introduction of such a measure of reform as would give to the inhabitants of this ancient and loyal colony some control over the taxation and ex. penditure, and a legitimate share in the management of the Legislative machinery, of the country.” His Excellency in reply stated “ that some form of representative government would be introduced” and that the representatives would have a sub- stantial power and responsibility in the legislation of Jamaica." On the following day a despatch from the Secretary of State for the Colonies, dated 1st December, 1883, was published in a Gazette Extraordinary. The des- patch intimated that for the future the nine unofficial members of the Legislative Council would be elected by the people and instructed the Governor to appoint a Royal Commission to determine the Franchise. The despatch also stated “that the vote of the official members should not, as a general rule, be recorded against that of the unofficial members, if not less than six of the latter are present and agreed.” On the 4th January an address was sent to Sir Henry Norman from a “private meeting of gentlemen" held in Kingston to consider the despatch of the Secretary of State for the Colonies respecting the future government of the colony. The address stated that “ a large number of persons look upon the proposed new Legis- lative Council as differing little from the old, the only difference in fact amounting to this, that there is to be in it an unofficial elected minority, with special powers in matters of finance so fettered as to be practically useless, instead of an unofficial nominated minority possessing no semblance of power at all.” The address also urged that “the Order in Council which would confer on the Representatives of the People the financial powers referred to in clause 5 of despatch No. 285 should also distinctly specify the instances in which the general rule' might be suspended.” His Excellency in reply expressed “his regret that the gentlemen entertained such an unfounded belief as they did with respect to the intentions of Her Majesty's Government and that they failed to see any material difference between the pro- posed new Legislative Council and the old one." He continued: “I can only say that I entirely dissent from their view. I think that a real change was intended and that a substantial power and responsibility is to be given, under the terms of Lord Derby's despatch, to the elected members of Council, and that there is ample justification for his Lordship's styling the change “a moderate step in advance.” With regard to the second point dealt with in the address His Excellency said that “it appeared to him that the power of the Governor to command a majority in the Council by filling the full number of official seats may be exercised in any extreme case by the Governor, who, however, would have to justify his action to Her Ma- jesty's Government; and although this power would, under the terms of Lord Derby's despatch, be only justifiably used in a case of great importance and under a sense of great responsibility, it was impossible before hand to say that under no circumstances could a case of extreme importance arise which some persons might not consider came under the title of general legislation on a question of local in- terest." Public meetings were held in St. Ann, Portland, Manchester and Kingston, to protest against the political constitution of the island as proposed in the Secretary of State's despatch of the 1st December. In the Kingston resolutions it was urged that "in matters of general legislation and government the elective minority in the Ovuncil would possess no power at all, and in matters of finance the power professed to be given to them would be so fettered that it could, at any moment, be overrid- den by the Governor.” The resolution continues : “This meeting declares that HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. the Governor's presence and power in the Council have been in the past, and will be in the future, unduly restrictive of the freedom of debate; and that nine elective members will be numerically inadequate to represent the various interests of the island; and in view of the fact that the Crown still retains exclusive privilege to initiate finance as well as the prorogative of veto, this meeting hereby records its emphatic protest against the Crown also possessing power to usurp at pleasure that control over taxation and expenditure which onght only to be exercised by the Re- presentatives of the People." A Standing Committee was appointed to represent the Parish of Kingston in respect to the subject matter of the foregoing resolution; to raise funds; to hold conference with the sister parishes ; to decide upon a course of action and to carry the same into effect ; and also to select and appoint delegates for such purposes, or any of them, from time to time, as occasion may require During the period of agitation Sir Henry Norman communicated with the Secretary of State who, in a despatch published on the 21st February, 1884, stated that the Governor “ correctly represented the views of Her Majesty's Government in his reply to the Address of the gentlemen of Kingston." The Royal Commission on the Franchise met on the 8th January, 1884, and agreed to their report. They recommended that freeholders paying 20) of taxes, or rate- payers and taxpayers paying 30/ of taxes or rates should be entitled to vote. The recommendation was approved by the Secretary of State and on the 30th June the Order in Council, dated 19th May, 1884, re-constituting the Legislative Council was published in a Gazette Extraordinary. The registration of the electors took place in June and the elections for the new Council were held between the 8th and the 12th September. In five of the electoral districts there were contested elections but in the other four districts the members were returned unopposed, The first meeting of the new Council was held on 30th September. All the official and elected members were present. Governor Sir Henry Norman in open- ing the proceedings congratulated the members on the restoration as some would call it, or the commencement as others would say, of representative institutions in the colony.” The first legislative act of a constitutional character was the passing of the following resolution, which was moved by the Hon. George Henderson, mem- ber for St. Thomas and Portland : “ That it appears by the Acts 29 Victoria, sec. 1, chapters 11 and 24 (the laws abolishing the old constitution of the island and giving power to create and constitute a government for this island') that no power was given or contemplated to be given, in these laws for the Queen or Her Ministers to appropriate the revenues of this country without the consent of its Legislature." The resolution had reference to the Civil List attached to the Order in Council of the 19th May, 1884. A few days after a message from the Governor was presented to the Legislative Council, informing them that her Majesty's Government were negotiating with the United States Government for the free entry of British West Indian Sugar in return for the abolition of import duties on bread, butter, cheese, corn, flour, lard, kerosine and other articles, and asking if the Council was willing to take part in the arrangements and would make good the revenue sacrificed, by means of a land tax or an export duty or otherwise. The Council, in a resolution, expressed their willingness to take part in the arrangements and to make good the revenue to be sacrificed, which was estimated at £69,300. On the 26th February, 1885, the Porus Branch of the Railway Extension was opened by Sir Henry Norman. The event was celebrated by a luncheon at Porus, at which His Excellency and a distinguished party, including the Right Honourable Viscount Cranbrook and the Right Honourable Gathorne Hardy, M.P., and Mrs. Hardy, were present. The Ewarton Branch was opened on the 13th August of the same year. Sir Henry Norman and a large company were present. Sir Anthony Musgrave (the previous Governor of the Island) was eulogized by several of the speakers at the banquet for having projected the Extension Lines. The Legislative Council re-assembled on the 13th March and the Governor laid before the Chamber a despatch from the Secretary of State in reply to the resolution of the 14th October, 1884, with regard to the Civil List. The Secretary of State after reciting the nature of the resolution thus continued: “You will have the good. ness to inform the Council that Her Majesty's Government conceive that this resolu- HISTORICAL SKETCH OF JAMAICA. 69 tion was passed under a misapprehension of the circumstances of the case. It is true that the Act which enabled the Queen to constitute the late Legislative Council of Jamaica did not confer upon the Crown the power of reserving a Civil List by an Order in Council; but as by the Order in Council passed thereunder the whole con- trol of the public purse was vested in persons nominated by the Crown, it is in accordance with constitutional precedent that the Crown when admitting the people of the island by a further Order in Council to a large share of the control of its finances, should by the same instrument reserve and secure the salaries of some of the principal officers of the Government. Instances of this procedure are to be found in the constitution of Malta, Natal and some of the Australian Colonies. It should, however, be clearly understood that if the Colonial Legislature should at any time propose to vary thy salary assigned by the Order in Council to any of the officers named in the schedule their views will receive attentive consideration." On the 19th March the following resolution was agreed to by the votes of the elected members of the Legislative Council, the ex officio and nominated members declining to vote : “ That this Council learn with pleasure, but without surprise, that it is the opinion of the Secretary of State for the Colonies that the Acts which enabled the Queen to constitute the Legislature of Jamaica did not confer upon the Crown the power of reserving a Civil List by Order in Council. That without in any way questioning or offering any opinion on the statement of the Secretary of State for the Colonies that the Crown has in the instance of Malta, Natal and some of the Australian Colonies reserved a portion of the revenues by Order in Council, this colony respectfully declines to be bound by any such precedents, which may have been the outcome of special circumstances. That this Council adheres to its reso- lution of the 14th of October last, and again declares that in its opinion the Crown had Do power to appropriate the revenues of this country without the consent of its Legislature. That on the opportunity arising it is the intention of this Council to review the salaries referred to in the schedule to the Order in Council and to deal with each of them as in its judgment it may deem best." On the 26th March the Legislative Council, on motion of the Hon. Michael Solo- mon, passed the following resolution : “ That in the opinion of this Council the paralized condition of the sugar interest of this colony calls for early relief if that industry is to be sustained ; and this Council without in any way pledging itself to its future course request the Governor to appoint five gentlemen as Commissioners on behalf of the government of this island to visit Canada, with the object of ascer- taining what arrangements can be made with the Dominion Government on the basis either of confederation or reciprocity.” In accordance with this resolution the Hon. H. H. Hocking, Attorney General; the Hon. C. S. Farquharson, elected mem- ber of the Legislative Council ; Mr. Richard Gillard, Collector-General, and Mr. Charles Levy, Merchant, were appointed a Commission to proceed to Canada with the object of ascertaining what arrangements could be made with the Dominion Government for the conclusion of a commercial arrangement on the basis of recipro- city between Canada and Jamaica. About the same time a public meeting was held in the Town Hall in Kingston to enable the inhabitants to tender their services to the Imperial Government for the protection of the island. The movement was initiated in view of the possibility of the withdrawal of the Regular Troops from Jamaica in consequence of the military operations in which the mother country was engaged in the Soudan and elsewhere. A resolution was passed recommending the organization of a Volunteer Militia Force for the protection of the island, in accordance with the terms and conditions of Law 35 of 1879. The following resolution was also passed : “ That should the military operations in which the Imperial Government is engaged render it neces- sary that the Regular Troops should be removed to the scene of war, the Volunteers of Kingston will cheerfully aid in the performance of such garrison and other mili- tary duties as may be necessary for the protection of the stations and posts during such time as they may be temporarily vacated by the Regular Troops." On the 16th June the Governor issued a Gazette Extraordinary containing an acknowledgment by the Secretary of State of His Excellency's despatch enclosing the resolutions referred to. The Secretary of State thus wrote to the Governor: “ The Queen has 70 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. received with much gratification this expression of loyalty and patriotism on the part of the inhabitants of the ancient and important dependency of the British Crown now under your Government; and Her Majesty's Government entirely ap- prove of the action you have taken and of the further steps which you propose to take for giving effect to the wish of the people of Jamaica to take part in the protec- tion of the island and the maintenance of the integrity of the British Empire.” The Secretary of State in transmitting the despatch announced that Her Majesty's Go- vernment had decided to lend 1,200 stand of arms with accoutrements for the use of the Volunteer Militia. The Commission which was sent to Canada returned to Jamaica in July and on the 15th of that month made their report to the Governor. Beyond laying their proposals before a Committee of the Cabinet they could do nothing in consequence of the sitting of the Dominion Parliament. The Commissioners in the last para- graph of their report stated as follows: “Incomplete as our mission has been we have the pleasing satisfaction of feeling that our Conferences in Canada have opened up new fields for commercial labours, and have been fruitful in cementing the friendship of a sister colony whose resources are practically unbounded, and who can send to Jamaica nearly all she needs." Another Commission was in the same year appointed by Governor Sir Henry W. Norman to report upon the system of elementary education in the island. The members of the Commission were : The Hon. E. N. Walker, C.M.G., Colonial Secre- tary, President; the Hon. C. B. Mosse, C.B., Superintending Medical Officer ; the Hon. Thomas Capper, B.A., Inspector of Schools; the Hon. George Henderson, elected member of the Legislative Council; the Very Rev. Father Porter, S.J., Vicar A postolic; the Ven. C F. Douet, M.A., Archdeacon of Surry; the Rev. T. B. Butcher, Superintendent of Kingston Circuit of the Wesleyan Mission; the Rev. D. J. East, Principal of Calabar Baptist College ; the Rev. William Gillies, of the Presbyterian Mission; Mr. William Ewen, Landed Proprietor; and Mr. George Stiebel, Landed Proprietor. Mr. L. R. Fyfe, of the Colonial Secretary's Office, was appointed Secretary to the Commission. The Commission issued an ad interim report which provided for an increase of the provision from public funds for ex- tending the operations of the Mico Institution and of Voluntary Schools for train- ing elementary teachers. The Legislative Council agreed to the report and the Commission continued their labours. On the 24th September, the Legislative Council, on motion of the Hon. C. S. Farquharson, unanimously agreed to the following resolution : “ That this Coun- cil is of opinion that the expenses of carrying on the government of the country should be diminished with as little delay as possible, and that a Select Committee be appointed to enquire and report how this desirable result may be accomplished with due regard to the protection of vested interests; and that such Committee consist of the Colonial Secretary, the Attorney-General, and Messrs. Henderson, Craig and Palache, and the mover (Mr. C. S. Farquharson). The Committee pre- sented its report on the 20th October. It recommended the abolition of several of the public offices and the amalgamation of others, and that 15 per cent. be deduc- ted from salaries over £400 and 10 per cent. from salaries of £250 up to £400 per annum. It was also recommended that a sum equal to four years' deduction be paid to each officer as commutation, and that he be allowed to retire on pension if he fails to receive promotion in five years from the date of commutation. To meet the payment of the commutations and to erect a suite of public offices in Kingston the Committee recommend that the Government should issue a paper currency of the following denominations : 4/; 8/; 12 ; 16; ; and 20%. On the 7th Novein ber a meeting of public officers was held in Kingston under the presidency of Mr. S. C. Burke, Crown Solicitor. A series of resolutions was passed and a petition was sent to the Legislative Council. In the petition the public officers stated “that the proposed reduction of salaries, if enforced, with the rate of commutation offered by the Select Committee would be virtually a breach of contract with the officers concerned, who held their offices on condition of a permanent tenure, sub- ject to efficiency and good conduct.” The Petitioners also submitted that they Cs were prohibited from engaging in trade or connecting themselves with any com- HISTORICAL SKETCH OF JAMAICA. 71 mercial undertaking whatever and that their whole time was at the disposal of the Government. Thus they were prevented from supplementing their incomes by any external means and were entirely dependent on the remuneration they received in return for their constant and arduous labour in the public service of the colony." The consideration of the scheme of retrenchment was postponed to the next session. But before the Council was prorogued, a resolution to the effect that the franchise be reduced to the payment of public or parochial taxes or rates, or taxes and rates, to the amount of not less than ten shillings, and that all male adults in the receipt of an annual salary of £50 and upwards be also entitled to vote, was moved by the Hon. J. T. Palache and agreed to. The Legislative Council also passed a resolu- tion for the increase of the number of elected members at the Board from 9 to 14 and of the official members from 7 to 11. In the meantime the Parochial Boards (including the newly created City Council of Kingston) that had been elected by those who have qualified to vote for members of the Legislative Council met for the first time (on 1st October) and elected their Chairmen and Vice-Chairmen. In the month of December, (1885) the rainfall was three times the average and was the largest on record ; several lives were lost. In the February of the follow- ing year small-pox was introduced into the island in the person of a passenger by the R.M.S. “ Dee" from Vera Cruz. The patient was removed from the vessel to the Kingston small-pox hospital where he was treated; he recovered, but during his illness the disease developed itself in the western part of the city. It thence extended itself to other localities in Kingston and eventually became epidemic in the island. Sir Henry W. Norman, who had left Jamaica on vacation leave on the 10th De- cember, 1885, returned on the 29th March, 1886. He was accorded a grand public reception in Kingston and an address of congratulation was presented to him at the Town Hall by the City Council. The third session of the Legislative Council was opened by Governor Sir Henry W. Norman in a speech in which he expressed the hope that the Poor Relief Bill (introduced in the previous session by the Hon. Robert Craig) and the new Retrench- ment Scheme (initiated by the Hon. C.S. Farquharson) would be given precedence and be beneficially disposed of. On the 8th April the Retrenchment Scheme was passed by the Legislative Council. The principal suggestions were the abolition of the office of Assistant Director of Public Words ; the amalgamation of the offices of Collector-General, Public Treasurer and Manager of the Government Savings Bank; the abolition of one of the Assistants to the Attorney General and of the office of Clerk of the Kingston Circuit Court; the amalgamation of the offices of Inspector-General of Police and Director of Prisons and Reformatories and the amal- gamation of the Island Record Office with the Registration Department, the head of the new department being styled Keeper of the Records. All these changes were of a prospective character, except in regard to the abolition of the office of Assistant to the Director of Public Works and the amalgamation of the offices of Inspector- General of Police and Director of Prisons, which were to be carried into effect at the end of the financial year. The proposition for the reduction of the salaries of all public officers and for the issue of a paper currency to pay the commission allow- ances was abandoned. The scheme contained the following provision with respect to immigration : “ That a law be passed abolishing the importation of Indian Im- migrants in the future and that leave be obtained from the Indian Government to amalgamate the department with another; that the Government be requested to reduce the export duties levied for immigration purposes correspondingly with the decrease of immigration charges," Effect was subsequently given to the recom. mendations with respect to immigration and to the Works and Prisons Depart- ments. The proposal for the amalgamation of the offices of Collector-General and Treasurer has since been abandoned. On the 19th April, 1886, the Legislative Council passed the Poor Relief Law and on the same day the City Council of Kingston passed a resolution declaring "that as the Law was opposed to principles of Representation and was positively a return to Nominee Government the members of the Council would at its next ordinary meeting resign their seats.” Accordingly at the meeting of the Board held on the HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA, 3rd May all the members except the Hon. Wellesley Bourke, Capt. Forwood, the Rev. W. Griffiths and Messrs. J.J. G. Lewis, Thomas Harry and Simon Soutar, re- signed their seats. The Board met on the 7th May and elected the Hon. Wellesley Bourke, Mayor, in the place of Dr. James Scott, who was among the members who resigued. The Board issued writs for the election of members to fill the vacancies and the elections were held on the 5th June. All the gentlemen who had resigned were re-elected with the exception of Messrs. Watson and Cripps. Mr. George Levy was elected in the place of Mr. Watson and Mr. C. T. Burton was elected in the place of Mr. Cripps. The re-elected members, with the exception of Mr. Paine, resumed their seats. Petitions against the Law were sent to the Governor, for transmission to the Secretary of State, from the City Council of Kingston and from the Parochial Boards of St. Ann, St. James, Trelawny, St. Mary, St. Elizabeth, St. Catherine and Portland, and from certain inhabitants of the parishes of St. James, St. Catherine and St. Thomas. Petitions in favour of the Law were sent from the Parochial Boards of Clarendon, Manchester, Hanover and Westmoreland. On the 15th August a despatch from the Secretary of State for the Colonies announcing the assent of the Queen to the Poor Relief Law was published in the Gazette. The Secretary of State thus wrote, for the information of the petitioners against the Law: “I am unable to agree in the opinion of the petitioners that supervision and control over the local bodies entrusted with the administration of poor relief is un- necessary; nor does there appear to be any reasonable ground for complaint that the system of supervision by a Central Board, established by this Law, has been substituted for the much greater power of interference vested in the Governor by the previously existing law. As to the objection that a nominated Board should in any way have the power of sanctioning expenditure, I may remark that this is what is allowed within certain limits, and so far as funds are available, to many func- tionaries, and that the proceedings of the Board of Supervision will be as liable to be questioned as those of any functionary, including the Governor of the Colony." The Governor in publishing the despatch expressed “the hope and belief that the action of the Central Board of Supervision would be in no way vexatious towards Parochial Boards ; but would rather tend to support them, and to help them to place poor relief on a satisfactory footing in all parishes, without unduly burdening the ratepayers." His Excellency added that it would be "his aim to nominate to the Board of Supervision gentlemen who would be considered to be representatives both of Parochial Boards and of the community, and who it may be anticipated would conduct their duties with ability and in a conciliatory spirit.” In the first fortnight of the month of June heavy rains had fallen which had pro- duced floods in the southern parts of the island and had done much damage to the roads and railway; and on the 19th and 20th August a severe cyclone passed over the island. Great damage was done to property, especially to the banana plantations. Soon after the rains Sir Anthony Musgrave (late Governor of Jamaica) arrived on a visit to his coffee estate in St. Andrew. Before leaving the colony a complimentary address was presented to him by the citizens of Kingston. In his reply His Excel- lency said: “It is a great pleasure to me to have even an hurried opportunity for seeing the place where I laboured among you for nearly six years, to the best of my judgment and ability, for the public good. And it is gratifying to hear the con- fidence which you express that results largely beneficial may be expected from much that was set on foot during that period.” The Commission on education preseuted their final report to the Governor in August and it was published in the Gazette for general information. The most im- portant of the recommendations of the Commission were (1) that “the provision of suitable residences should be deemed, at least in country districts, a necessary com- plement to the emoluments of teachers," and that grants for the purpose should be made by Government on the same principle that now govern the grants-in-aid of school buildings; (2) that a system of superannuation allowances and gratuities for teachers, to a strictly limited extent, should be adopted; (3) that attendance at school should be made compulsory within the ages of 7 and 13; (4) that school fees should be abolished ; (5) that a Central Board of Education to be « deliberative, con- sultative and advisory, as well as a Board of Review,” should be constituted ; and HISTORICAL SKETCH OF JAMAICA. 73 (6) that Local Education Boards should also be established. The Commission in- cluded in their report suggestions as to the best means of raising the amount required to meet the additional expense which would be entailed by the adoption of their recommendations. No action has been taken on the report. On the 14th October the Legislative Council, on motion of the Hon. Wellesley Bourke, passed a resolution declaring that the Council desirous of joining in the national rejoicings on the approaching Jubilee of Her Most Gracious Majesty, would be glad if his Excellency the Governor would consider the subject and propose some plan for a local celebration, or a means of locally marking an event so pleasing to the whole British Empire, and that the Council would be prepared to vote the necessary sum." Sir Henry W. Norman, acting on this resolution, recommended “the found- ing of an Institution for the training of nurses to attend women in child-birth, as a means of locally marking an event so pleasing to the whole British Empire." The recommendation was approved by the Legislative Council, and it was resolved “ that, if sufficient funds be raised by voluntary contribution to found such an Institution, its future maintenance should be defrayed from general revenue and its management vested in the Government." The Council also voted £700 towards the expenses of celebrating the Jubilee of Her Majesty in the City of Kingston. On the 2nd February, 1887, Sir Henry W. Norman left for England “on urgent business.” His Excellency in announcing in a Gazette Extraordinary, his intended departure stated that “it was with a feeling of intense regret that he quitted Jamaica at this time, but he assured the people of the island that they would be constantly in his thoughts during his absence and that he would return to his post at the earliest period that was possible.” His Excellency thus concluded : “He prays that the disease (small-pox) which has for so many months afflicted the island may now speedily disappear and that on his return he may find the community in a condition of health, and ready to join in the celebration of the Jubilee of the reign of Her Most Gra- cious Majesty with loyalty and enthusiasm.” The Honourable Colonel William Clive Justice, C.M.G., the Senior Member of the Privy Council, administered the Government during the absence of his Excellency. Sir Henry Norman resumed the government on the 27th March. A fortnight after the unofficial members of the Legislative Council presented to His Excellency a letter in which they expressed “ their unanimous opinion that the interests of all classes of the community demanded an immediate extension of the railway system of the colony, so as to afford the much needed facilities for the transport of fruit and all other articles of production and consumption.” They commended “this most im- portant matter to His Excellency's earliest and most favourable consideration," and expressed “the earnest hope that His Excellency would be able to lay before the Legis, lative Council at the approaching session proposals for ensuring to the island the much needed railway extension." The Governor on the first day of the meeting of the Legislative Council (in April, 1887) recommended that the whole question be remitted to a Select Committee for investigation and report. The Committee was appointed, and after taking the evidence of the Director of Public Works, the Go- vernment Surveyor and other technical witnesses, they made their report on the 2nd May. They stated that a general opinion did unquestionably exist in favour of railway extension and they recommended, as the result of their enquiry, that simultaneous surveys should be made at once for extending the Porus Branch to the westward and the Ewarton Branch to the eastward. “The extension from Porus would open up an enormous tract of country, represented to be of a fertile cha- racter and well populated, which is now kept back by the want of transport faci- lities. The extension from Ewarton must pass through rich and comparatively densely populated districts in St. Thomas-in-the-Vale, St. Mary, St. George and Portland and give transport facilities to large areas now frequently shut off from the chief sea ports.” The report was agreed to and the sum of £5,000 was granted for surveys. The surveys were completed in April, 1888, when Mr. Bell, the Direc- tor of Public Works, thus wrote with respect to his Assistants : “ The surveys for the two proposed railway extensions being now completed I desire to express my high appreciation of the zeal and unflinching energy which all engaged on it have cheerfully displayed throughout this arduous work. I think the island may be proud HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. that, without any extraneous assistance we have been able to complete in a highly creditable manner the preliminary plans, sections and estimates for 119 miles of railway, for the most part through mountainous districts without any reliable maps to guide them, at the very moderate average cost of about £41 per mile." The esti- mated total cost of the line of fifty-four and three quarter miles from the Bog Walk to Port Antonio was £723,072 8s. 6d., including engineering, supervision and rolling stock, or an average of £13,206 per mile, exclusive of the cost of bridges between Annotto Bay and Port Antonio, which it had been decided to construct as soon as funds were available, irrespective of railway extensions, but which would be made suitable for railway purposes as well as for ordinary traffic. The cost of the line of sixty-four miles fifty-six chains from Porus to Montego Bay was estimated at £832,399 11s. 10d., or an average cost of £12,893 88. 4d. per mile. The total esti- mated charge for both of the suggested extensions was therefore £1,555,472; but this did not provide for the interest on loan during construction. A statement of the loan account and the account of revenue and expenditure of the existing line of railway was previously published in the Gazette by Authority. The statement showed that the sum of £800,300 had been raised on loans for rail. way purposes. The statement also showed that the cost of maintenance from the time of the purchase of the railway in 1879 to the 30th September, 1887, was £154,112 28. 2d.; the interest paid, £111,940 12s. 8d., and the sinking fund set aside, £8,326, total, £274,378 14s. 10d. The railway revenue during the period (including £4,677 19s. 10d. for stores sold) amounted to £255,747 12s. 1d., the balance of £18,631 2s. 9d. being paid from general revenue. The Hon. Michael Solomon moved in the Legislative Council on the 22nd April " that this Council is of opinion that it would materially assist the Government of Jamaica and be certainly gratifying to the community if at least one unofficial mem- ber is appointed to Her Majesty's Privy Council in Jamaica.” The motion was agreed to, the ex officio and nominated members not voting. In the month of November, 1887, effect was given to the resolution by the appointment of the Hon. J. H. McDowell and the Hon. J. C. Phillippo, M.D., as members of the Privy Council. On the 20th June His Excellency the Governor transmitted the following tele- graphic message to the Right Honourable the Secretary of State for the Colonies : « The Queen's very loyal subjects in Jamaica respectfully present their heartfelt con. gratulations to Her Majesty upon the completion of fifty years of Her Majesty's Reign. They earnestly pray that she may be long spared to reign over her great Empire." His Excellency was favoured with the following reply from Sir Henry Holland : “Her Majesty commands me to request you will convey cordial thanks for the loyal sentiments of the inhabitants of Jamaica.” On the following evening his Excellency gave a State Dinner at King's House to the Heads of Departments in honour of Her Majesty's Birth-day. On the 2nd June a Gazette Extraordinary was issued containing the programme of public ceremonies to be observed in Kingston upon the 28th and 29th June, the days on which the Jubilee of Her Most Gracious Majesty was to be celebrated in Jamaica. The occurrences were thus recorded in the Handbook of 1888-89:- « June 28–The first day of the Jubilee Ceremonials. A Royal Salute was fired at 6 o'clock, a.m. from Her Majesty's Ship “ Tourmaline,” anchored off Kingston, which was followed by the ringing of joy-bells from the Churches and Chapels for a quarter of an hour. People from the earliest hour gathered at the Victoria Market in honour of the occasion, a band of music being in attendance for their amusement. At 4 p.m. a Special Service of thanksgiving was held in the Kingston Parish Church at which His Excellency the Governor, the Judges, the Naval and Military Autho- rities and other high functionaries and leading citizens were present. The Service was choral and the sermon was in the unavoidable absence of the Bishop of the Diocese) preached by the Venerable Archdeacon Douet, M.A. At half-past five o'clock in the evening there was a procession of school children along Duke Street to the Race Course where they sung the National Anthem in the presence of His Ex- cellency the Governor. At night there was a display of the electric light by Her Majesty's Ship“ Tourmaline" and a grand illumination of the commercial and a por- 76 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. be possibly avoided. In concluding his remarks on the items of expenditure he as. sured the Council that “with the incessant demands for expenditure-many of them with much to be said in their favour-it was impossible to keep down our expendi- ture to less than £520,000 to £530,000 during the next few years. He recommended that a surplus of £10,000 be always provided to meet unforeseen demands on the Treasury." His Excellency subsequently appointed a Special Committee of Men- bers of the Legislative Council to investigate the question of taxation and to report the best means of not only meeting the deficit of 1886-87 but the anticipated deficit of 1887-88. The Committee consisted of the Hon. C. S. Farquharson, Member for Westmoreland and Hanover; the Hon. Michael Solomon, C.M.G., Member for St. Ann and St. Mary; the Hon, H. H. Hocking, Attorney-General, and the Hon. Richard Gillard, Collector-General—the Hon. C. S. Farquharson acting as Chair- man. The report of the Committee was presented to the Government in the fol- lowing April and on the 5th of that month the Hon. C. S. Farquharson presented to the Legislative Council a series of resolutions giving effect to the report. Mr. Farquharson explained the general principles of the proposed scheme of alteration and re-distribution of taxation, after which the debate was adjourned to the fol. lowing day; but the Council at once (at the instance of the Government) passed a bill entitled “the Revenue Temporary Protection Law," levying the proposed increased duties. On the 23rd April the Legislative Council resumed the considera- tion of the resolutions. Mr. Farquharson moved the seventh resolution declaring that “it is expedient in lieu of the tax imposed on land by Law 26 of 1868 to im- pose one uniform tax on land irrespectively of the purpose to which it is used, at the following rates ; for the first 100 acres ls. per acre; from 100 to 500 acres 6d. per acre; all above 500 acres, 1 d. per acre. The Attorney General moved to sub- stitute the following resolution: “ That in the opinion of this Council it is expe- dient to levy a direct tax on land based on the value thereof, which shall be suffi. cient in amount to enable the Government to make the reductions proposed in the resolutions numbered 3, 4, 5, 6 and 11, 13, 14 and 15, and that with a view to the imposition of such a tax the Government be requested to take the earliest oppor- tunity of causing an assessment of landed property to be made." The amendment was agreed to. On the following day the Hon. Mr. Palache mored “that the whole scheme be deferred until the Government is in a position to place before the Coun- cil a valuation of the property in the island under the resolution passed yesterday." The Hon. Mr. Harvey moved as an amendment that the whole scheme be deferred. Mr. Palache withdrew his motion and the question was put on the amendment. The Council divided : For the amendinent, 6; Mr. Harvey, Mr. Bourke, Mr. Palache, Mr. Malabre, Mr. Craig and Mr. J. M. Farquharson : against it, 2 : Mr. Espeut and Mr. C. S. Farquharson : Majority, 4: It passed in the affirmative, the ex officio and nominated members not voting. The Colonial Secretary thereupon presented a bill to repeal “ the Revenue Temporary Protection Law." The bill declared that “ the customs duties and the duty on rum shall be levied and paid as if the said law had not been passed." The bill was carried through all its stages and on the following day was passed into Law. In the meantime the report of the Select Committee to whom was referred the message of His Excellency the Governor on Railway Extension was presented to the Legislative Council. The report recommended that for the present the Porus Line be extended to Skull Point and the Ewarton Line from Bog Walk to Orange River. These two extensions, amounting to some thirty miles were estimated to cost about £350,000. The Committee were of opinion that “this sum was well within the means of the island, and that by proceeding thus tentatively to construct section after section the Legislature would avoid what might otherwise be regarded as rash or hazardous speculation and would, at any future time, be able to guide itself by results before committing itself to any very large expenditure." The Committee concluded their report by recommending that the “ Government at once proceed with the detailed surveys of the extensions indicated, so as to enable the Legislature in its next session to pass the necessary laws to authorize the im- mediate commencement of the work." Mr. Harvey moved as an amendment that the report be amended by altering the recommendation with respect to the con- HISTORICAL SKETCH OF JAMAICA. struction of the extension lines as follows: “That as soon as the finances will allow the Porus Line be extended to Skull Point and the Ewarton Line to Orange River," and that the closing paragraph of the report be so amended as to read : « That the Government at once proceed with the detailed surveys of the extensions indicated, to enable the Legislature at an early date to pass the necessary laws to authorize the construction of the work." The amendment was unanimously agreed to. The question of enlarging the Legislative Council, which was mooted in the sos- sion of October, 1885, was again brought forward by the Hon. J. T. Palache on the 14th October, 1887, when it was resolved that the time had arrived for increasing the number of elected members in the Council by giving one member to each parish in the island.” On the 4th April, 1888, the Governor in a message to the Council expressed the views of the Secretary of State on the subject, and on the 26th April the Hon. Mr. Palache moved “ that this Council having duly considered the mos- sage of His Excellency the Governor regrets its inability to assent to the views of the Secretary of State therein expressed, and is of opinion that the extension of the Council is not at present advisable on any other conditions than those stated in the resolution of the 14th October, 1887, to the terms of which this Council ad- heres.” The Attorney General moved as an amendment : “ That this Council hav- ing reconsidered the question of the advisability of increasing the number of elected members of the Council is of opinion that such an increase is at present inadvisable.” The question was put on the amendment and the Council divided : For the amend- ment, 8: Mr. Craig, Mr. J. M. Farquharson, Mr. Gillard, Mr. Capper, the Director of Public Works; the Attorney General, the Colonial Secretary, the Commander of the Forces. Against it, 5 : Mr. Harvey, Mr. Bourke, Mr. Palache, Mr. Malabre, Mr. C. S. Farquharson. It passed in the affirmative, the original motion being lost. Mr. Espeut declined to vote. The Legislative Council was prorogued on the 4th May. His Excellency the Governor congratulated the members on the passing of several useful bills and expressed his hope that if a dissolution were to occur before the re-assembling of the Legislature the members who had said during the debates of the session that “they would not again come forward would reconsider their determination and again offer themselves to the suffrages of the electors. Each one of the members," added His Excellency,“ had left his mark upon some of the measures that had been dis- cussed in the Council and all had gained an experience that could not fail to be valu- able in the future.” On the 7th May His Excellency Sir Henry Norman left Jamaica on an Official Visit to the Cayman Islands and the Hon. Colonel William Clive Justice, C.M.G., acted as Deputy Governor. His Excellency returned on the 17th May, only to leave for England on leave of absence on the 25th when Colonel Justice as Senior Mem. ber of the Legislative Council assumed the Government. Sir Henry Norman returned on the 27th August and resumed the Government of the Colony. On the 11th of September following the Legislative Council met, when the Go- vernor in his opening speech was able to state that there were three causes for con- gratulation. The first was the disappearance of small pox which had existed in the island for a period of two years, the second was the great improvement in the revenue and the revival of trade during the past year; and the third was the approaching abolition of the Bounties given upon beet sugar in certain countries in Europe. On the second of October the Governor delivered his anuual financial address to the Legislative Council. He informed them that there was a deficit of £12,628 on the close of the financial year 1886-87, and an anticipated deficit of £47,450 in the accounts of the financial year 1887-88, making a total of £60,078—"hence efforts were made in the spring session of the present year to re-adjust taxation, so as to provide for the anticipated deficit as well as to remedy certain defects in the system of taxation.” The receipts during the financial year 1887-88 had, however, so largely exceed the estimates that the amount of the deficit had been fully met and a surplus of £9,500 would be carried to the credit of the year 1868-89. This being so His Excellency would “refrain from proposing any augmentation or alterativn 78 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. of taxes and would leave this alone until they had a new Council, the members of which would no doubt have a thorough knowledge of the views of their constituents on most points of present interest, and especially on three topics which he should much like to see disposed of before he left Jamaica at the expiration of his term of office next year." His Excellency stated the three topics as follows :- « First : Re-adjustment of taxation on a just and convenient basis and on a scale which, while moderate, should be so adjusted as to secure us against deficits and enable works of a useful nature to be carried out and demands for the public good to be met. “ Second : Railway Extension. It is desirable that the Government should be quite certain as to whether this is really desired on a considerable scale or not: and if it is desired it is also necessary to be certain that the community is prepared to pay taxes to meet the charges for interest which under the most favourable cir- cumstances will not be covered by traffic receipts for some years. It is also im- portant in this matter to feel assured as to the nature of the taxation that would be acceptable in view to providing funds for railway extensions, if it is desired to construct them. “ Third : Compulsory Education where practicable, and whether with or without payment of fees." The Legislative Council on the 23rd November, agreed to a report on the valuation of real property in the island. The following paragraph contains the principle on which the valuation should proceed : “As regards the principles on which the valua- tion should proceed, we consider that the annual rent or value should be deemed and taken to be the rent at which, one year with another, a property might in its actual state be reasonably expected to let from year to year, that is to say, a sum which a tenant in the open competition of the market would be prepared to give, for the use of the property in its actual state, deducting therefrom all usual tenant's rates and taxes and the probable average annual cost of the repairs, insurance and ex- penses necessary to maintain the property in a state to command such rent, such deductions in no case to exceed a certain percentage of the rental. Where a pro- perty is let for a yearly rent, calculated at its fair annual value, without any other consideration than the rent, and the landlord is exonerated by the tenant in res- pect of the expenses authorised above as deductions, such rent should be deemed and taken to be the net annual value.” Governor Sir Henry Wylie Norman informed the Legislative Council that he had received “ proposals for the purchase of the Jamaica Railway, coupled with an obligation on the part of the purchasers to construct extensions. These proposals will receive careful criticism in England," said His Excellency, “and if they are approved by Lord Knutsford, who no doubt will take the opinion of Government Ex- perts in such matters, both Engineers and Surveyors- it will be my duty to sub- mit them to the Legislative Council when, after a dissolution, a new Council meets in the spring.” The proposal was made by Mr. Frederick Wesson on behalf of an American Syndicate. The Governor also informed the Council that they would not meet again, except for some formal work, the period for which the Council was elected being about to expire. His Excellency thus referred to the conduct and proceedings of the Coun- cil: “It has been a Council in which the proceedings have been conducted with order and courtesy, without obstruction, and with a sincere desire on the part of all mem- bers to further the welfare of the people. “I cannot take up your time by enumerating all the work that has been done, but the laws passed for securing a system of popular representation both in this Chamber and Parochial Boards, for reforming the organization and system of the Lower Courts of this island, for establishing a uniform and approved system of poor relief, and the bill which has just passed, laying down a comprehensive code of civil procedure, with many other useful bills, will remain as memorials of the labours of this Council,-labours which have not been accomplished without much inconvenience to members, and which, I am sure, are appreciated by the electors. HISTORICAL SKETCH OF JAMAICA. 79 “ Personally, I have to thank the Council for much courtesy and for the kind consideration which the members have always given to any expression of my opinion or wishes. I would add that it has been very gratifying to me to observe the cor- dial relations which have existed between elected members and official members, a circumstance which has greatly tended to the successful conduct of public business. I shall always look back with pride and pleasure to the period of my association with this Council, from its first formation until now when it is on the eve of dis- solution. Presentation to the Legislative Council of the reply of the Secretary of the West India Committee to the resolution of the 6th October respecting the abolition of the sugar bounties. Mr. Ohlson stated that “the West Indian Committee fully recognized the kind appreciation of their work by the Legislative Council.” A week later the elected members of the Council presented a farewell address to His Excellency Sir Henry Norman. In the address the elected members expressed the hope that if agreeable to his Excellency and not contrary to his own interests Her Majesty might be pleased to extend his term of office as Governor of the island. In reply His Excellency stated that he feared he could not undertake to remain beyond the ordinary term of office_which he thought was as long a period as was expedient—but he was deeply sensible of the compliment paid him in desiring that his term of office should be prolonged. Shortly after the adjournment of the Council Sir Henry Norman received a tele- gram from the Secretary of State for the Colonies announcing his appointment to the Governorship of Queensland. The period of three years for which the City Council and Parochial Boards had been elected in 1885 having expired, elections were held between the 14th and 19th of September in this year (1888) of members to serve in the new Boards. In 38 of the 56 Electoral Divisions into which for Parochial Election purposes the island is divided, there were contests for seats at the Boards. For a considerable time it had been admitted that the duties falling upon the Bishop of Jamaica were greater than one man could fairly be expected to discharge. Accordingly on the 12th of September a special Synod of the Church of England was held for the purpose of appointing an Assistant Bishop. The Venerable Arch- deacon Charles Frederick Douet, M, A., was nominated by his Lordship the Bishop, and the nomination was unanimously confirmed. The encouraging statement made by the Governor at the opening of the Council with regard to the reviving trade of the island was amply borne out by the Report of the Collector General for the year ending on the 30th September. From the report it was clear that the long period of depression under which the colony had struggled had at last come to an end. The Collector General thus reported on the imports and exports for the year :- The value of the imports into the island during the year last past was £1,695,605 and the value of goods entered for home consumption £1,732,115; the correspond- ing figures for 1886-87 being, gross imports £1,322,336, and of entries for con- sumption £1,351,391–there being thus an increase of £373,269 on gross importa- tion and £380,721 on the goods passed into consumption. Of the goods which have passed into consumption the ad valorem duty of 124 per cent. was paid on £795,756 or 46 per cent of the whole; goods to the value of £282,781 or 16 per cent. were admitted free; the remainder, namely, £653,579, being admitted on payment of varying specific duties. " The total value of exports of the island during the past year was £1,828,590, of which £1,661,601 represented the value of the exports of island produce, and £166,989 the value of British, Foreign and other Colonial produce and manufac- tures re-exported. The corresponding figures in 1886–87 were : island produce £1,334,468 and British or Foreign produce £174,542. There has been thus an in- crease in the value of the exports of island produce of £327,133, and a decrease in British and Foreign Produce of £7,553.". Meanwhile much regret was felt at the approaching departure of Sir Henry W. Norman from the island. The Mayor of Kingston convened the citizens at the 80 HANDBOOK OP JAMAICA, Town Hall for the purpose of conferring with them as to the most appropriate mode of testifying their esteem and respect for His Excellency and Lady Norman. A Committee was appointed to prepare a valedictory address and to decide on a mode of perpetuating the Government of His Excellency. A few days later the Committee met and agreed to the terms of the address and suggested that the sister parishes be asked to join in procuring a full length portrait of His Excellency to be placed in the Town Hall, Kingston. On the 2nd of January, 1889, Governor Sir Henry Norman left the island, amid demonstrations of esteem and regard from the inhabitants of Kingston and surround- Ing districts. His Excellency, accompanied by Lady Norman and Miss Norman, left King's House at 2 p.m.and soon after arrived at Head Quarter House. There they were net by a detachment of the 1st Batallion of the West India Regiment, a large number of Field Officers of the Regular and Volunteer Forces and the Kingston Mounted Volunteers. The West India Regiment (headed by their Band) preceded the pro cession, followed by the Mounted Officers. After these came the carriage of His Excellency, which was followed by the Mounted Volunteers. The procession pro- ceeded down Duke Street to the Town Hall in Harbour Street. The Streets through which his Excellency drove were lined with the Kingston and St. Catherine Volun- teers. On his arrival at the Town Hall His Excellency was met by his Honour the Mayor and the other members of the City Council and escorted to the platform. The interior of the building was elegantly decorated with flags, growing plants and flowers and was occupied by a large number of the ladies and gentlemen of Kingston and the neighbouring parishes. Soon after His Excellency reached the platform the Mayor read the address from the citizens of Kingston, to which His Excellency re- plied. The Mayor proposed cheers for His Excellency, for Lady Norman, and for Miss Norman, respectively, which were heartily responded to. After this Sir Henry Norman and his family proceeded to the Royal Mail Company's Steamer“ Moselle, where he received a deputation from the Elected Members of the Legislative Council who presented a farewell address to His Excellency. The Regular Troops and Volunteers (all of whom had by that time been concentrated on the wharf) presented arms to His Excellency. Colonel Justice called on the officers and men to give three cheers for the Governor and three cheers for Lady Norman and loud and pro- longed cheering followed. The “ Moselle" left her moorings at 4 o'clock amidst the continuous cheering of the people. At Port Royal the Guard Ship “ Urgent" and the United States Warship “ Galena” saluted His Excellency. Soon after His Excellency left the Town Hall a Gazette Extraordinary was issued from the Government Printing Establishment containing the following notification: “ Having been appointed by Her Majesty to be Governor of Queensland Sir Henry Norman quits Jamaica to-day. “ He parts from his colleagues in the Privy Council and the Legislative Council with much regret, and he prays that success may attend their labours. " From all branches of the Administration he has received support and he thanks the heads of departments and the subordinates generally who have rendered useful service. Some heads of departments have had more arduous and responsible work than others; some, owing to the nature of their duties, have come more frequently under the notice of His Excellency than others, and some have proved themselves to be exceptionally able and energetic, but from all the officers in charge of depart- ments the Governor has received cordial and ready aid, and they have always evinced an earnest desire to give full and prompt effect to his wishes. He believes that all departments are efficient, and in taking leave he wishes every success in the future to heads and subordinates alike. “ The sentiments of His Excellency towards Jamaica, and its community, hare been so frequently stated in the course of the last few days, in reply to various addresses which he has had the honour to receive, that it is unnecessary to say any. thing on the subject in this notification, but Sir Henry Norman desires to express his sorrow on leaving Jamaica, and to say that he will never cease to take an interest in all that concerns its people.” CHRONOLOGICAL HISTORY. At 5 o'clock in the evening the Privy Council met and the Hon. Colonel Wil- liam Clive Justice, C.M.G., the Senior Military Officer in Command of Her Ma. jesty's Regular Troops, and as such the Senior Member of the Privy Council, was sworn in as Officer Administering the Government. In the following month a Despatch from the Secretary of State for the Colonies acknowledging a report by His Excellency Sir Henry W. Norman on various sub- jects connected with the colony was published. The Despatch concluded as fol- lows :-"Lord Knutsford learns with much satisfaction that you have left the colony in so prosperous a condition, and he desires to take this opportunity of expressing to you his sense of the value of your services as Governor of Jamaica and his re- cognition of the zeal and ability which you have devoted to the promotion of the welfare of the inhabitants.” Many questions closely affecting the well-being of the colony were now calling for attention-the principal among them being that of the proposed sale of the Govern. ment Railway to an American Syndicate. Circumstances required that this ques- tion and others should be dealt with by a newly elected Council. Accordingly on the 31st January the Legislative Council was dissolved by proclamation of his Honour the Officer Administering the Government, and writs issued for a General Election of members to serve in the new Council. Meanwhile the colony had been apprised by telegram from the Secretary of State of the appointment of Sir Henry Arthur Blake, K.C.M.G., to succeed Sir Henry W. Norman as Governor of Jamaica, and to his coming the public now began to look forward with keen interest. For the occurrences in Jamaica from 9th March, 1889, to 31st December, 1891, the reader is referred to the annexed Chronological History. CHRONOLOGICAL HISTORY. 1889. March 9—Arrival of His Excellency Sir Henry A. Blake, K.C.M.G., and presentation of an address of welcome to his Excellency by the Mayor and Council of Kingston. Sir Henry Blake concluded his reply by expressing the hope “ that, by the help of God, he might have the benefit of the tongue of good report and that the recollection of his administration might be as pleasant as his anticipation was hopeful." His Excellency immediately after replying to the address left the Town Hall and proceeded to the Legislative Council Chamber where he took the oaths as Captain-General and Governor-in-Chief of the Island of Jamaica and its Depen- dencies. March 15.-Addresses were presented to His Excellency Sir Henry A. Blake by the Magistracy and the Parochial Board of St. Andrew. His Excellency, after ex- pressing his thanks for “the assurance of the Magistracy and the elected Repre. sentatives of the people of St. Andrew that in the discharge of his duties he would receive the support of all classes of the community," said: “I am glad to find that here as elsewhere the depression that has been felt for the past few years shows signs of disappearing and that the tide of prosperity is beginning to rise. The readiness with which Jamaica has set herself to multiply her industries and to re- trieve some of her losses in sugar by the expansion of her fruit production affords ample proof of her energy and a guarantee for her future stability, while I have no doubt that the sugar growers will realise to their ultimate profit that depression is the mother of progress. Of it are born economy, invention and experiment, and with the modification and improvement of old methods, or the adoption of new, I believe that the staple industry of this island will prosper in the future as it has flourished in the past.” March 21.-His Excellency the Governor held a Levee in the Legislative Council Chamber. Lady Blake held her first reception the same evening at King's House. March 22.- Arrival of 1,475 (making a total of 3,910) repatriated Jamaicans from the Isthmus of Panama. The stoppage of the works of the Panama Canal had thrown these people out of employment, and the pressing representations of the Consul-General of Panama and Her Majesty's Consul in Colon, showing the great 82 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. destitution which existed among the Jamaicans, had induced the Government to despatch Dr. Gayleard to the Isthmus to repatriate the sufferers. March 28-Publication in the Gazette by Authority of the return to the writs of election for members of the Legislative Council. The following were the mem- bers elected. Name. Date of Election. District. The Hon. John P. Clark “ C. S. Farquharson * Robert Craig 46 " W. B. Espeut J.M. Farquharson " Wellesley Bourke T. L. Harvey " M. Solomon, C.M.G. “ Lieut.-Col. C. J. Ward 12th March, 1889 12th March, 1889 13th March, 1889 13th March, 1889 13th March, 1889 14th March, 1889 14th March, 1889 14th March, 1889 19th March, 1889 Manchester. Westmoreland and Hanover, Clarendon, St. Thomas and Portland. St. Elizabeth. St. James and Trelawny. St. Catherine. St. Mary and St. Ann. Kingston and St. Andrew. . 1,002 811 The only contested election was that for the electoral district of Kingston and St. Andrew. There were two candidates, Lieutenant-Colonel Charles James Ward of the Kingston Volunter Militia aud Richard Hill Jackson, Esq., Solicitor, and Mayor of Kingston. The result of the poll was as follows:-- For Colonel Ward For Mr. Jackson Colonel Ward was declared duly elected. April 24.–First meeting of the second Legislative Council under the amended Constitution. The Governor and the members who were present having taken the oath of allegiance, His Excellency opened the session with an address, in the course of which he expressed his acknowledgment of the hearty and loyal reception accorded to him as Her Majesty's Representative by the people of Jamaica. With regard to the proposed sale of the Government Railway His Excellency said :- “I have addressed you by messages which will be laid before you on various mat- ters to which I wish to call your attention. Of these the subject of greatest import- ance is the proposed transfer of the Jamaica Railway to a Company to be formed on the condition of the extensions thereof. I need hardly point out that the proposal is fraught with consequences of the gravest importance to the future welfare of the island. Without the necessary local knowledge I am not in a position to form an opinion on the subject, nor do I accept any responsibility in laying before you, in accordance with instructions received from the Imperial Government, the proposed agreement, with the despatch from the Secretary of State for the Colonies, and sub- mitting to you a bill for the carrying out of the provisions of the agreement. I am confident that the Legislative Council will consider this matter with a care com- mensurate with the gravity of the issue; and to enable them to examine more closely the terms of the agreement it is my intention, as soon as I have been favoured with your views on the action of the Government in the repatriation of the destitute Jamaicans from Colon, to adjourn the sittings of the Council to Tuesday the four- teenth May, during which interval the inhabitants of Jamaica will also have an opportunity of considering the proposal in which their future prosperity is so in- timately involved.” April 3.-The Third Annual Inspection of the Kingston Volunteer Militia by Sir Charles Pearson, the Officer Commanding the Troops in the West Indies, was held this day. The General in his official report stated that “both as regards numbers and knowledge of their work, and judging from what he had seen and heard, he did not hesitate to express his opinion that the Volunteer Militia of Jamaica have now attained a creditable and satisfactory state of efficiency." His Excellency the Go- vernor was at the inspection and congratulated the Corps on its appearance and efficiency. CHRONOLOGICAL HISTORY. 83 April 8.-An Address of welcome was presented to His Excellency Sir Henry A. Blake by the President and Officers of the Wesleyan Conference in Jamaica. His Excellency in replying said " that he fully appreciated the important work that was being done by the Ministers of the Methodist Body” and thanked them for their kind expressions towards Lady Blake and himself. The Directors of the Victoria Institute also presented an address of welcome to His Excellency. April 22.- Return to the island of the Hon. H. H. Hocking, Attorney General, and the Hon. C. S. Farquharson, Member of the Legislative Council, the special Delegates sent to consult with the Secretary of State for the Colonies as to the proposed sale of the Government Railway to the American Syndicate. April 23.-Publication in the Gazette by Authority of a despatch from the Secre- tary of State for the Colonies relative to the scheme for the sale of the Government Railway to the American Syndicate, and for the construction of extensions to Mon- tego Bay and Port Antonio, together with the provisional agreement signed by the Hon. H. H. Hocking and the Hon. C. S. Farquharson on behalf of the Government of Jamaica, and Mr. Wesson on behalf of the Syndicate. The last paragraph of the Secretary of State's despatch was as follows :- “It should, however, be distinctly understood that I do not accept any responsi- bility for the scheme, nor do I press its acceptance upon the Council. The ex- perience of other colonies points to the conclusion that it is generally more advan- tageous for a Government to construct Railways than to grant concessions to Compa- nies for that purpose, even where the concession does not, as in this case, include the parting with a flourishing Railway in exchange for a security which must be more or less of a speculative character. The scheme of constructing a Railway entirely with borrowed money without any subscribed share capital is a novel ex- periment in a British Colony; and the enclosed offer from Leach, Harrison and Forwood, which should be communicated to the Legislative Council, appears to indicate that the terms of the provisional agreement are considered in the City of London not otherwise than favorable to the Promoters.” April 27.- Publication in the Gazette by Authority of a letter from the Hon. H. H. Hocking, Attorney-General, reporting particulars connected with the agree- ment which had been provisionally arrived at between himself and Hon.C.S. Far- quharson on behalf of the colony, and the Promoters of the Company for the pur- chase of the Government Railway, and certain observations on the proposed contract drawn up by Messrs. Hocking and Farquharson, in conjunction with Sir Henry Norman. May 9.-A special meeting of the members of the Jamaica Society of Agriculture and Commerce was held at the Merchants Exchange for the purpose of considering the scheme for the sale of the Government Railway to an American Syndicate. Several resolutions were passed. The second resolution declared that the agree- ment entered into by Messrs. Hocking and Farquharson in London “was un- authorized (not having had the endorsement of the people of Jamaica, whose pro- perty the Railways are), unjust, seriously damaging, and replete with prospective injury to Jamaica.” The last resolution was that a Committee be appointed to pre- pare a petition to the Legislative Council against the confirmation of the agree- ment. May 9.-A meeting of the citizens of Kingston was held at the Town Hall to consider the proposed sale of the Government Railway to the American Syndicate. His Honour the Mayor (R. H. Jackson, Esq.) presided. The following resolutions were passed :- " Resolved-. That this meeting is of opinion that the sale of the Jamaica Go- vernment Railway on the terms published in the Jamaica Gazette of 23rd April, 1889, would be disastrous to the finances and credit of the island and therefore protests against it. “ 2. That the Government being the owners of the existing lines of Railways in Jamaica ought, without delay, to take steps themselves for supplying a judicious extension thereof, and increased facilities, which, in the opinion of the meeting, are necessary for opening up and developing the resources of the colony." CHRONOLOGICAL HISTORY. 85 June 18.-Passing of a law by the Legislative Council reducing the export duties to the following amounts : Sugar to 1/9 per hhd. Rum to 1/3 per phn. Coffee to 4d. per cw .. Passing of the law to give effect to the agreement for the sale of the Governmnent Railway to an American Syndicate. Twelve months were allowed the Syndicate to pay the first instalment of £100,000 and to incorporate a Company. The Company is to work the existing Railway and to make and maintain extensions from Bog Walk in St. Catherine to Port Antonio in Portland ; and from May Pen in Clarendon to Montego Bay in St. James. The total price to be paid for the existing Railway is £800,000, £100,000 being paid in cash and £700,000 be secured by second mortgage bonds to be issued by the Company. The Company is to be domiciled in Jamaica. June 29.-His Excellency Sir Henry A. Blake visited the Mico Institution. Ad- dresses were read by the Rev. Wm. Gillies, Senior Co-Principal, and Mr. R. Lind- say, Tutor of the Normal School. His Excellency in reply stated that “he had no doubt that the colony would be asked in the near future for increased expenditure for the purpose of education; and he had very little doubt that the capacity of the Mico and other institutions would probably be taxed to their fullest extent for the training of teachers for the island." The Governor was received by the Local Direc- tors of the Institution, Aug 25.-Special meeting of the Legislative Council to deal with a Message from His Excellency the Governor relative to the Packet Service between Great Britain and the West India Islands. Tenders from the Royal Mail Steam Packet Company and the Atlas Steamship Company were presented. On motion of the Hon. the Colonial Secretary (the Hon. Neale Porter), seconded by the Hon. C. S. Farquhar- son, it was resolved- That this Council having considered the despatch of the Right Honourable the Secre. tary of State of the 26th of June, 1889, and the particulars of the tenders for the convey. ance of mails accompanying it, desires and recommends that the tender of the Royal Mail Steam Packet Company for & five years service be accepted; and further desires and recommends that Port Castries in St. Lucia be made the port of transhipment instead of Barbados, and that Plymouth be substituted for Southampton as the port of departure and arrival in England; and in this view would be willing to bear its share of the additional sum required by the Royal Mail Steam Packet Company as the condition of their making the last mentioned change. Aug. 26.—Opening in Kingston of a Branch of the Nova Scotia Bank, ander the management of Mr. W. E. Stavert. Sep. 4-Appointment of a Commission by His Excellency Sir Henry A. Blake to enquire into certain alleged defalcations in the Customs Department. The Com- missioners were the Hon. H. H. Hocking (Attorney-General), the Hon, C. B. Mosse, C. B. (Superintending Medical Officer), and James Allwood, Esquire (Assistant Colonial Secretary). Sep. 13.—Arrival of the Right Reverend Charles Gordon, Bishop of Thyatira, as Vicar Apostolic. His Lordship received a most cordial welcome from the Catholic as well as the general community. (Bishop Gordon is the first Roman Catholic Bishop appointed to Jamaica.) Sep. 19.-Over one hundred and fifty of the leading gentlemen of Kingston and its neighbourhood met His Excellency Sir Henry A. Blake at the Public Library, Kingston, for the purpose of considering the question of holding an Exhibition in Jamaica, illustrative of its natural products and its manufacture, combined with a Loan Art Exhibition. The meeting was addressed by the Governor and others, after which a resolution was passed, “ pledging the gentlemen present to do all in their power to carry His Excellency's scherne to a successful issue.” It was also resolved that “in order to provide the necessary funds for carrying out the project in a thoroughly efficient manner, gentlemen of the island be asked to become guarantors to the extent of £10 each and upwards. A law was subsequently passed by the Legislative Council entitled " The Jamaica Exhibition Law.” In the third and fourth sections the Governor is authorized to appoint Commissioners for ma- naging and conducting the Exhibition. Sep. 26.–Publication in the Jamaica Gazette of a correspondence between Go- vernor Sir Henry A. Blake and the Secretary of State for the Colonies as to the 86 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. objection raised by the latter to the sections of the Railway Company's Law which authorize the Promoters to form themselves into a Joint Stock Company or Cor. poration. The third paragraph of the Governor's despatch is as follows:- As this is the first time that I have been called upon to offer any opinion on this Law 1 may say at once that I have always been of opinion that it would be more prudent for this y to retain its n its paying Railway and to make the necessary extensions itself, reaping the benefit of the traffic, and of the land, which, when opened up by the Railway will be a very valuable property, and will, I have no doubt, be readily disposed of. I, however, entered upon the Government when the agreement had been practically com. pleted, and at the unanimous request of the Elected Members of the Legislative Council, who so far as I could learn, were influenced by the view that the making of these exten. sions by an American Syndicate would be followed by the influx of American capital for the building of hotels, and the cultivation of the land to be assigned to the Promoters. How far these views will be verified time alone can tell. In my opinion the good land opened up by the proposed extensions, whether made by an American Syndicate, or the Government of Jamaica, will be readily purchased, as large tracts of land have already been purchased by the Boston Fruit Company, an investment profitable alike to the Com. pany and to the colony. My duty I conceived was fulfilled by submitting the agreement to the Legislative Council, in accordance with your Lordship's instructions conveyed in despatch No. 82 of 3rd April, 1889. Sep. 30.—The surplus of revenue over expenditure for the financial year ending this day was estimated at £18,000. The result of the year's transactions, when the books were actually closed, showed, however, the larger amount of £56,538 as the excess of receipts over expenditure. Oct. 1.-Meeting of the Legislative Council. Sir Henry A. Blake stated that he had determined (acting on powers given him by law) to reduce the postage on letters to all parts of the island to a uniform rate of one penny and on post cards to half- penny. The new arrangement would take effect on the first January, 1890. In the course of his speech His Excellency stated that “ feeling strongly the importance of the industrial education of the people he had directed as an experiment the forma- tion of a sinall industrial school for boys, not criminals, at the Hope Gardens, were, in addition to their literary education, the Director of Public Gardens had under- taken that the inmates should have the advantage of a good agricultural training. Oct. 8.-Passing of a resolution by the Legislative Council expressive of the regret of the Council that the Hon. H. H, Hocking (the Attorney General) was compelled to leave the island for the benefit of his health, and its earnest hope that he would be speedily restored to health and enabled to resume the important duties of his office. The resolution continued as follows : “ This Council also desires to place on record its warm appreciation of the valuable services Mr. Hocking has rendered to the island, its admiration of his devotion to his responsible duties and his ability in the discharge of them, its gratitude for the courtesy and consideration invariably shown by him to his colleagues, and its sincere hope that he may be spared for many years to advance the interests of Jamaica.” Oct. 18.- The Legislative Council passed a grant of £2,300, as an addition to the sum of £1,714 obtained from voluntary contributions, for the establishment of the Jubilee Memorial Training Institution for Nurses. The total amount (£4,019) was the estimated cost of a building, to provide accommodation for sixteen patients and fourteen pupil nurses. The Council in making the grant did so “ with the under- standing that the Government would, by a properly organized system of admission to the institution and of contracts with the students, secure that their services, when trained, should be within the reach of all classes for a term of years." Oct. 21.-A letter was laid before the Legislative Council from the Hon. H. H. Blocking, conveying “his sincere thanks for the good wishes expressed towards him and his profound appreciation of the great compliment which they had been good enough to pay him." Oct. 22.-At the instance of the Government it was unanimously resolved by the Legislative Council that the commencement of the financial year of the Colony be changed from the 1st day of October to the 1st day of April. On motion of the Hon. Wellesley Bourke it was resolved by the Legislative Coun- cil that with the view of checking the free transmission of departmental or official cor- respondence through the Post Office a system of postage labels should be introduced. Nov. 28.-_Visit of His Excellency Sir Henry A. Blake to the parishes of St. CHRONOLOGICAL HISTORY. 87 Thomas and Portland. His Excellency's journey through the parishes necessitated the fording of sixty-four rivers. He received several addresses all of which drew his attention to the bad state of the parochial roads and the necessity for bridges over the dangerous rivers. His Excellency in his replies admitted the reasonable- ness of the complaints and promised to bring the subject before the Legislature. Dec. 23.-Payment into the Public Treasury of £100,000, the first instalment of the purchase money of the Jamaica Government Railway by the American Syndi- cate, and the incorporation of the Jamaica Railway Company. Dec. 31.-The Governor issued orders for the final transfer on the 1st January, 1890, of the Jamaica Government Railway to the Jamaica Railway Company and appointed Mr. L. F. McKinnon, late Manager of the Railway, as the Government Director under Law 12 of 1889. 1890.-Jan. 2.-Alpha Cottage, on the West Camp Road, in Kingston, certified by the Governor in Privy Council, as an Industrial School for the purposes of Law 34 of 1881, the Reformatories and Industrial Schools Law. Jan. 21.-Gazetting of the Hon. Henry Kirke as Acting Attorney General dur- ing the absence on sick-leave of the Hon. Henry H. Hocking. Jan. 30.-Removal of quarantine restrictions against the Island of Cuba. Feb. 13.-Publication in the Jamaica Gazette of a treaty between Her Majesty the Queen of England and the President of the Republic of Columbia for the mutual extradition of fugitive criminals. Feb, 25.-Opening of the Legislative Council by His Excellency Sir Henry Arthur Blake, K.C.M.G. A detachment of the 1st Battalion West India Regiment formed a guard of honour for His Excellency. The Governor in his opening address announced an anticipated surplus of £50,000 on the previous year's transactions, which would be carried forward towards the requirements of the current year. His Excellency stated that the Government Railway had been handed over to the Jamaica Railway Company, the latter having paid the instalment of £100,000 required by the law of the previous session. He added that “ he had been informed that the promoters did not propose to alter the existing gauge, and that the work of the extension to Montego Bay was being pro- ceeded with." His Excellency referred to the Exhibition of 1891 and stated that « he had reason for hoping that the colony would be honoured by the presence of Prince George of Wales, who would probably open the Exhibition." In connection with the necessity of providing locomotion and quarters for visitors to the Exhibi- tion the Governor stated that he would submit to the Council “ a proposal for the encouragement of the building of hotels and keeping of livery establishments in the island." Mar. 5.—On motion of the Hon. C. S. Farquharson a Select Committee of the Legislative Council was appointed “to ascertain whether or not a system of immi- gration is necessary to the future agricultural prosperity of the colony; and, if so, whether or not it should be State-aided, and, if State-aided, to what extent. Mar. 13.-Intimation of the Governor, through the Gazette, that His Royal High- ness the Prince of Wales had become the Patron of the Jamaica Exhibition. Mar. 17.-Passing of a Law by the Legislative Council increasing the duty on rum from 5s. to 6s. per gallon for general purposes, in consequence of the transfer of the spirit licenses to parochial road purposes. Mar. 20.-The York and Lancaster Regiment, the 1st Battalion of the West India Regiment (including the Depôt of the Regiment) and the following Volunteer Militia Corps, namely, the Kingston Mounted Infantry, the Kingston Artillery, the King- ston Infantry (three Companies), the St. Catherine's Artillery and the Old Harbour Infantry, were inspected on the Kingston Race Course by the Captain-General Sir Henry A. Blake. His Excellency was accompanied by General John C. Smith, Ex- Lieutenant Governor of Illinois, U.S.A. The Forces were under the command of Colonel W. Clive Justice, the Senior Military Officer in Jamaica. At the close of the Review His Excellency stated that he was pleased with the appearance and smart- ness of the men ; and that he was particularly pleased with the Artillery and with Captain Gruchy's and Captain Mendez's Companies of Infantry. The marching past of the Volunteers was generally commended. 88 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. Mar. 25.- Lady Blake laid the Corner Stone of the new rooms of the “ Women's Self-Help Society” in Kingston in the presence of a large gathering of the citizens. Addresses were delivered by His Worship the Mayor of Kingston, His Lordship the Bishop of Jamaica, Mr. C. L. Campbell (Editor of the Budget newspaper), and others. The Legislative Council agreed to the Report of a Select Committee to whom was referred a petition from Mr. E. M. Earle, with reference to the encouragement of local fisheries and the curing of local fish, in which the following paragraph appeared :- “ That a grant of £500 be paid to Mr. Earle, or to a Company promoted by him, if he or they place in the markets of this island not less than 200,000lbs. of fish alive, fresh dead and cured not later than 31st December, 1891 ; a further sum of £500 should not less than 250,000lbs. of fish be put in the markets of this island for home or export consumption between 1st January, 1892, and 31st December, 1892 ; £500 for 300,000lbs. during the succeeding 12 months ; £500 for 400,000lbs. during the succeeding 12 months; and £500 for 500,000lbs. during the succeeding 12 months when the grant should cease. Mar. 28.—The Legislative Council agreed to the Report of a Select Committee, to whom was referred a Message from His Excellency the Governor with reference to the Volunteer Militia, in which the following paragraphs appeared :- « In view of the size, population and geographical importance of this colony, your Committee are of opinion that it is a duty Jamaica owes to the mother country to provide an armed Force, alike efficient and sufficient to quell any local disturb- ance should one unfortunately take place, and to resist, at least for a time, an attack from outside. “ Your Committee hope it may be possible to raise for this purpose a Volunteer Militia of 1,500 men, of which perhaps one-third should be in Kingston, and the rest located in all other parishes; but should experience prove it impossible to induce a sufficient number of men to volunteer for service then your Committee, whilst deploring the necessity, have no hesitation in recommending a resort to the ballot. “ Your Committee being of opinion that the Force should be under the Military Authorities for discipline and training think it unnecessary to refer specially to the subject of drill ; they may however express in passing their opinion that each man should be once every year for at least seven days in Camp, during each day of which he should have four hours drill.” April 1.-Introduction of the Postal Money Order System into Jamaica. The orders are redeemable at the parochial Treasuries, and at the Post Offices of the principal towns. These orders are a legal tender for the payment of taxes and dues and are collectable for three months. The denominations vary from sixpence to ten shillings. Introduction of the Penny Postage System. Unpaid letters are subjected to a surcharge of double the postal rate. The franking of letters by the heads of de- partments was at the same time abolished. April 17.-Appointment of a Commission consisting of the Hon. Henry Kirke, Acting Attorney General; Hon. Charles B. Mosse, C. B., Superintending Medical Officer, and Captain W. Peploe Forwood, Justice of the Peace for Kingston, to enquire into the system of management of the Kingston Gas Works and in to the manner in which certain defalcations occurred and to suggest means against a repetition. April 24.- The Legislative Council discussed the immigration question and agreed to a report from the Committee appointed on the 5th March (as amended in Coun- cil by Mr. C. S. Farquharson) authorizing the Protector of Immigrants to enter into contracts with native labourers on behalf of employers, and to pay to such labourers a bonus of £2 a year, in addition to their wages, such bonus being paid to the Executive (with 10s. for the working expenses of the scheme) by the em- ployers. With regard to the importation of East Indian Immigrants the following financial scheme, proposed Mr. C. S. Farquharson, was agreed to:- CHRONOLOGICAL HISTORY. £17 00 Taking the cost of an adult Coolie at £25 0 0 and deducting the departmental charge, which will very properly be chargeable to general revenue under the proposed system 300 leaves the cost of importing and providing return passage at 22 0 0 I suggest that an increase of ls. per 100lbs. import duty on rice should be levied, and estimate it to yield £5,000. This in the ease of 1,000 Coolies a year would be equal per capita to 5 00 leaving to be provided 17 00 for which sum the first employer should give his note for 348, a year, extended over 10 years. The fee of 50s. to be levied annually on the employer of a Coolie who has served his first 5 years indenture, as well as the extra trade license of 50s. should be paid into a fund, the proceeds of which should be applied in the reduction of the employers' notes as they annually mature. Suppose then only 25 per cent. of the first term Coolies are re- employed (a very small per centage) the charge to the first em- ployer would be less 5 years at 12s. 6d. (4 of 50s.) 3 2 0 At the worst the first employer would pay £17 and no export duties, but he would very probably pay no more than 13 17 6 and perhaps a lesser sum. If this view be adopted no possible charge can ever fall on general revenues, nor would even an advance, as proposed in the Committee's Report, be necessary. As to the increase on the duty on rice (1s. per 100lbs.) it is infinitesimal and it will not fall on the masses of the people, but chiefly on the Coolies who are other- wise not heavily taxed. April 24. - Passing of a Law by the Legislative Council authorizing the Govern- ment to guarantee the payment of debentures, and the interest thereon, issued for the erection of hotels within nine months from the passing of the Law, in Kingston, and within twelve months from the passing of the Law, in other parishes. May 3.-Passing of a Law by the Legislative Council giving power to the Go- vernment to raise a loan of £180,000 at 4 per cent. to be applied in the re-con- struction of the parochial roads. A tax on land varying from 28. on 5 acres to 60s. on 1,500 acres and the proceeds of the spirit licenses were appropriated to the pay- ment of the interest and sinking fund of the loan and to the maintenance and repair of the roads, as main roads, after their re-construction. May 21.-Passing of a Law providing for the reconstruction of the streets of Kingtson. May 23.-Appointment of a Commission consisting of the Hon. Henry Kirke, Acting Attorney General, Staff Commander James Rogers, R.N., Charles Goldie, Esq., Collector of Customs of Kingston, and Simon Soutar, Esq., Merchant in Kingston, to enquire into the working of the Pilot Laws. May 29.-Appointment of a Commission consisting of the Hon. C. B. Mosse, C.B., the Hon. Robert Craig, William Fawcett, Esq., and Dr. J. W. Plaxton, to enquire whether, as had been represented, the mongoose was destructive of poultry, game, and other useful creatures, and whether it was expedient that measures should be taken to reduce the number of the mongoose and, if so, what measures would most readily and thoroughly effect this purpose. May 30.-A party of American Gentlemen held a “ Decoration Day Service" in the Churchyard of the St. Andrew's Parish Church, the grave decorated being that of the Hon. R. M. Harrison, late American Consul in this island. This was the first time such a service had been held in Jamaica. June 5.-Publication of a Convention between Her Majesty the Queen and the United States of America with respect to the mutual extradition of fugitive crimi- nals. June 30.-His Excellency Sir Henry Arthur Blake convened a meeting of the inhabitants of Kingston for the purpose of raising funds for the relief of the sufferers by the fire which destroyed the Town of Fort de France in the island of Martinique. July 1.-Meeting in the Kingston Town Hall, presided over by the Governor, to consider relief of sufferers by fire at Martinique Committee appointed to col, 90 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. lect subscriptions to defray the cost of provisions which, on hearing of the disaster His Excellency had at once forwarded to Martinique. The amount subsequently collected was more than sufficient to cover the cost of the provisions, and a sum of money was, in addition, sent to the Governor of Mar- tinique for the further relief of the sufferers. July 9.-Commencement of new Royal Mail Contract, under which the course of post from England was shortened to 16 days. July 29.-Unveiling by the Governor of a Memorial Portrait of Sir Anthony Musgrave in the rooms of the Jamaica Institute. His Excellency in the course of his remarks referred to the many works of progress, such as Railway Extension, Telegraphs, Steam Communication, &c., inaugurated by Sir Anthony. Aug. 4.- The Governor, accompanied by Lady Blake, visited Montego Bay for the purpose of opening the Local Exhibition in that town. This was the first of several Parochial Exhibitions which were held by way of preparation for the Ja- maica Exhibition to be opened in January, 1891. Their Excellencies, who had visited the Parish of Trelawny on their way to the Exhibition, continued their tour through Hanover and Westmoreland, returning to town by steamer from Savanna-la-Mar. Aug. 6.-Coroner's Inquest held at Port Henderson by the Coroner of St. Cathe- rine on the death of Sergeant William White, 1st W. I. Regiment, who was shot on the 24th July at Apostle's Battery. The verdict of the Jury was to the effect that William White was shot by a soldier “who was acting in the due execution and dis- charge of his duty as a measure of necessity and in self defence." The jury also added a rider to the effect that Captain Norris, who was in command of the party, “exercised all the forbearance consistent with humanity and the duo execution of his duty." Sep. 3.—The Governor visited Port Maria for the purpose of opening the Local Exhibition there. Sep. 10.-Dr. James Ogilvie resigned as Mayor of Kingston. Sep. 11.-Discovery at the bottom of an old well near Drummond Street, King- ston, of a body afterwards identified as that of Paymaster Sergeant Herbert Cox of the 1st W. I. Regiment. At the Coroner's Inquest subsequently held the Jury returned the following ver. dict : “ That Herbert Cox was found dead on September 11th at the bottom of a well near Drummond Street in Kingston, and that there is not sufficient evidence before the jurors to enable them to say by what means and when the said Herbert Cox came to his death." Sep. 18. - Governor's visit to May Pen to open the Clarendon Exhibition. Publication in the Gazette of the Memorandum of the Colonial Defence Com- mittee with respect to the scheme of defence adopted by Her Majesty's Govern. ment for the West Indies. Under the scheme Imperial Coaling Stations will be fortified and maintained at Jamaica and St. Lucia, these points being selected on account of their strategic importance in relation to the operations of Her Majesty's Navy in West Indian Waters, and all the Imperial Troops in the West Indies will be concentrated at these points, defence against minor raids by fast cruisers and pro- tection against internal disturbances being left to the colonists themselves. Sep. 19,-Dr. Ogilvio re-elected to the City Council. Oct. 2.- At a meeting of the Exhibition Commissioners held to-day, the announce- ment was made that Mr. Washington Eves, on behalf of the Commissioners, had engaged the services of Mr. Lee Bapty as Manager of the Jamaica Exhibition at a salary of £25 per week. Mr. Bapty was manager of the Exhibition held this year at Edinburgh. At the same meeting it was decided to vote £100 towards the ex- penses of exhibiting a Model Dairy. Oct. 3.-Dr. Ogilvie, at a meeting of the City Council, re-elected Mayor of Kingston. Oct. 6.-In common with their co-religionists throughout the world the members of the Jewish community in Jamaica celebrated the “Feast of the Rejoicing of the Law.” Special services were held in the Synagogues, at which not a few Christians were present. CHRONOLOGICAL HISTORY, de Oct. 12.-The new Parish Church Bell which had been imported to replace the one which had done duty for nearly sixty years, was rung to-day for the first time. The old bell was erected in 1831. Oct. 21.-Mr. Henry Kirke, Police Magistrate of Georgetown, Demerara, who had been acting as Attorney General of Jamaica during the absence of the Hon. H. H. Hocking, sailed in the R. M. S. “Don” to resume his duties in the former colony. Mr. Bancroft Oughton, Barrister-at-Law, was appointed by the Governor to act as Attorney General for the period which might elapse between Mr. Kirke's departure and Mr. Hocking's return to Jamaica. Oct. 27.-Commencement of the annual Civil Service Competitive Examination for Third Class Clerkships in the Civil Service. The examination was conducted under the superintendence of Mr. J. L. Middleton of the Schools Department. The number of vacancies to be filled was 16, for which 22 Candidates competed. Nov.1.-Opening of the new premises of the Women's Self-Help Society in Church Street by the Bishop of Jamaica. The date chosen for the Ceremony was the 11th Anniversary of the establishment of the Society by Lady Musgrave. Nov. 12.-Opening of the St. Catherine Local Exhibition by the Governor. Nov. 14.–The Hon. H. H. Hocking, Attorney-General, returned to the island after a lengthened absence rendered necessary by the state of his health. Nov. 19. -Manchester Local Exhibition opened at Porus by the Governor. The Exhibition included several exhibits from the Balaclava District of St. Elizabeth. Nov. 23. -Harvest Festival at the Parish Church, Kingston. Although not un- common in the country districts, this was said to be the first service of the kind held in Kingston. The three services of the day were attended by large congregations; the Church was decorated with much taste. Dec. 2.-The Governor visited St. Ann's Bay for the purpose of opening the Local Exhibition in that town. His Excellency leaving town by an early train travelled by way of the famous "gully" road to Ocho Rios, and thence along the coast of St. Ann's Bay, visiting the Roaring River Fall en route. His Excellency after opening the Exhibition and attending the luncheon at St. Ann's Bay, returned to King's House the same evening. Dec. 3-4.-Naval and Military manoeuvres at Kingston and Port Royal. The general idea of the operations was that a Cruiser was supposed to arrive at Port Royal at night on the 2nd December, reporting to the Commodore that three hostile ships were making for Port Royal. The York and Lancaster Regiment, the West India Regiment and the Kingston, Spanish Town, and Old Harbour Volunteer Militia took part in the defence. Dec. 8-Competition at the Norman Range between teams of the Volunteer Militia for the Challenge Shield presented by Sir Henry Blake. The contest re- sulted in a victory for “A” Company of the Kingston Volunteer Militia. The other teams which took part in the competition were the Kingston Mounted Rifles, “C” Company of the Kingston Infantry Corps, the Trelawny Mounted Rifles, the St. Mary, the St. Elizabeth, the Portland and the Old Harbour Corps. Dec. 17.-Visit of the Governor to Port Antonio to open the Portland Exhibi. tion. Dec. 19.-Meeting of Mr. Geo. L. Foster, Canadian Finance Minister, with the Jamaica Society of Agriculture and Commerce at the Merchants' Exchange. The object of Mr. Foster's address was to emphasize the advantages which would accrue from the establishment of closer trade relations between Jamaica and Canada. Dec. 31.-Inspection of the Kingston Volunteer Militia by the Governor on the Race Course. 1891–Jan. 1.-Reduction of the rate of postage on letters to the United Kinga dom from 4d. to 2 d. per half ounce. The rate to the United States and Canada had been similarly reduced some months before. Jan. 6.-Publication in a Supplement to the Gazette of Mr. Osbert Chadwick's Report on the proposed system of drainage of Kingston. The report entered fully into the relative advantages of the different systems of removing the sewage of towns, and in speaking of the scheme proposed for Kingston Mr. Chadwick stated_“In Kingston there is no pre-existing system to hamper the designer ..... All the de DATO e ne G 2 92 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. elements of success are present; and therefore a system of sewers may be confidently recommended.” Jan. 19.-A fracas occurred between the Military and Police at Fletcher's Land, Kingston. There had been considerable ill humour between the two bodies for some days previously, which had manifested itself in fights between individual soldiers and policemen. On the 19th January, however, a preconcerted attack was made by sol- diers on the Police Station at Fletcher's Land. The station was wrecked, and on the arrival of a relieving force of constables under Inspector Wedderburn they were met with volleys of stones and bricks, one of which knocked Mr. Wedderburn down, Order was restored by the arrival of a picquet from Camp, but not before some of the combatants on both sides had been severely injured. The ringleaders among the soldiers were subsequently punished, as were such constables as were found to have exceeded their duty. Jan. 24.- Arrival of the North American and West Indian Squadron, under the command of Admiral Watson of H.M.S. Bellerophon. His Royal Highness Prince George of Wales, K.G., who, on behalf of his father, the Prince of Wales, was to open the Exhibition on the 27th January, was in command of the “ Thrush," one of the vessels of the Squadron. Jan. 27.-Opening of the Jamaica International Exhibition by His Royal High- ness Prince George of Wales, K.G. The day's proceedings had been carefully arranged and were punctually carried out. At 9 o'clock a m. the Prince, accom- panied by Admiral Watsun and several Officers of the North American and West Indian Squadron, landed at the Market Wharf, where he was met by His Excellency the Governor and Staff, a large number of Naval and Military Officers, the Heads of Public Departments and many prominent citizens. Through streets crowded with sightseers and lined by Regular Troops and by the Volunteer Militia, the Royal Party proceeded in carriages to the Town Hall, where a loyal address of wel. come was offered by the Mayor and Council of the city. His Royal Highness then proceeded to King's House, when he became the guest of His Excellency the Go. vernor. The hour fixed for the opening ceremony at the Exhibition was one o'clock; shortly after that hour the Prince, accompanied by the Governor, arrived at the building where he was received by the Executive Committee and the General Ma- nager. After several presentations had been made to His Royal Highness in the reception room, a procession was formed and proceeded to the dais under the central dome of the building where the opening ceremony was performed. The ceremony was an exceedingly brilliant one and has perhaps never been equalled in the history of Jamaica. Before leaving again for King's House the Prince made a tour of the building, and visited the several Courts on the way, the Commissioners of the several countries being presented to His Royal Highness. In the evening there was a grand display of fireworks on the grounds of the Exhibition, at which the Prince, His Excellency the Governor and a distinguished party from King's House were present. All the arrangements, both in the city and at the Exhibition, were carried out with- people and the perfect weather, all tended to enhance the success of a day which will long be remembered in the annals of Jamaica. Jan. 28.-Grand State Ball given at King's House by His Excellency the Go- vernor, at which Prince George of Wales, Admiral Watson and Officers of the North American and West Indian Squadron, the Commanders and Officers of the several foreign Ships of War then in harbour and many distinguished guests were present. A special feature of this occasion was the brilliant and beautiful illumination of the King's House grounds. Feb. 10.-Departure on leave of absence of the Hon. Neale Porter, C.M.G., Colonial Secretary. Mr. James Allwood, Assistant Colonial Secretary, was ap- pointed to act as Colonial Secretary during Mr. Porter's absence. Feb. 24.-Opening of the Session of the Legislative Council, with the usual ceremony. His Excellency the President in his opening address reviewed the year which had elapsed since the preceding session, referring inter alia to the open- ing of the Exhibition, the completion of several bridges in the Parishes of Portland and St. Thomas, the taking over of roads by the Public Works Department under CHRONOLOGICAL HISTORY. the provisions of Law 17 of 1890, the building and completion of Hotels under Law 27 of 1890, the construction by the Railway Company of the first section of Exten- sion-124 miles—and the apparent increase in the general prosperity of the Island. Referring to the finances of the Colony, His Excellency announced a probable sur- plus on the transactions of the financial year to end 31st March, 1891, of £172,000, and estimated a surplus at the close of the year 1891-92 of £100,000. His Excel- lency concluded his speech by referring to the Laws which the Government proposed to introduce during the session, among the more important of which may be men- tioned, The Volunteer Militia Law, The Pensions Law, The Resident Magistrates Law Amendment Law, The Parochial Boards Law Amendment Law, two Immigra- tion Laws, and a Law relating to Secondary Education. Feb. 24.-Opening of the first “ Teachers' Institute" ever held in Jamaica at the Collegiate Hall, Kingston. The opening meeting, which was presided over by the Hon. Thomas Capper, Inspector of Schools, was attended by some 650 teachers and students preparing to be teachers. An additional feature of interest was the pre- sence of Dr. Dickenson, Secretary of the Massachusetts State Board of Education, and of his colleague, Mr. Boyden, who had come to Jamaica for the special purpose of being present at the Institute. During the time the Institute was in session Dr. Dickenson delivered lectures daily on the principles and methods of Teaching, while Mr. Boyden followed up the lectures by teaching designed to exemplify the princi- ples. The attendance at the lectures and other sessions of the Institute kept up to the last. Special arrangements were made for the admission to the Exhibition of the persons attending the Institute, who largely availed themselves of the advantages offered them. March 4.-To-day in the Legislative Council the Acting Colonial Secretary pre- gented the Estimates for the financial year to end 31st March, 1892 The revenue for the period was estimated at £531,490, and the expenditure at £603,564, But with the large surplus available at the end of March, 1891, of £172,151 it was con- sidered that there would still be a balance of £99,998 at the end of March, 1892. March 25.-The Select Committee of the Legislative Council to whom had been referred the Bill entitled the Immigration Finance Law, 1879, Amendment Law, 1891, presented their report. The financial proposals of the Committee differed to a considerable extent from those of the Bill. Accordingly on 7th April the Attor- ney General, who had moved that the Report of the Committee (with a certain mo- dification as to the number of immigrants to be annually introduced) should be adopted, obtained leave to withdraw the Immigration Finance Bill, and in pursu- ance of the Report of the Committee obtained leave to introduce a new bill with the same title, which gave effect to the Report of the Committee, and at a later period of the session became Law (14 of 1891). On the same date (25th March) the Select Committee on the Immigration Protection and Regulation Law, 1879, Amendment Law, 1891, presented their Report. The Bill, after having been con- sidered in Committee of the whole Council, passed on the 23rd April (Law 20 of 1891). April 9.- In the Legislative Council the following resolutions on the subject of Education, slightly modified from their original form, were carried on the motion of the Hon. W.B. Espeut, member for Portland and St. Thomas :- 1. That this Council is of opinion that it is desirable that a Central Board of Education should be created and entrusted with the supervision and conduct of everything connected with the Primary Education of the people. 2. That it is expedient for the Government to secure, so far as is possible, that every child of not less than 6 and not more than 14 years shall be thorough roughly instructed in reading, writing and arithmetic, and that grants of public money in aid of Primary Schools should be limited to pupils of those ages, and be based only on results actually obtained in the three subjects mentioned: Provided that grants-in-aid on a reduced scale may be made to efficient Infant Schools or Kindergartens. 3. That no School fees should be collected from pupils between the ages of 6 and 14 years, and that where reasonable facilities exist in towns and villages, a system of com- pulsion, so far as is practicable, should be enforced. April 9.-Debate in the Legislative Council on the sale of the West Street pre- mises by the Government to the Atlas Steamship Company, Limited. In No. vember, 1890, the Government entered into an agreement with the Atlas Steam- 94 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. ship Company to sell to them certain premises at the foot of West Street, Kingston. The consideration was £1,000 and the erection by the Company on the premises of the Government occupied by the Internal Revenue Department of Rum Stores and other buildings of equal capacity with those existing on the West Street premises. Early in the session the papers in connection with the transaction had been laid on the table of the Council at the request of the Hon. W. B. Espeut. On the 21st March the Governor addressed a Message to the Council on the subject, in which the following passages occurred ..... "it has been represented to me and I am advised that a sale of Government property for other than a strictly pecuniary con- sideration, to be paid into the Treasury, is beyond the power of the Governor with- out the consent of this Council. ..... I feel that I have no other course open to me than to commend the matter to your consideration that you may, if you see fit, give the necessary authority for carrying the agreement into effect.” The de- bate took place on the following motion of the Director of Public Works :-“ That this Council having considered the terms of the agreement with the Atlas Steam- ship Company referred to in the Message of His Excellency the Governor of the 24th March is willing to validate and confirm the same in so far as it is an agreement for the sale of Government property for other than a strictly pecuniary consi- deration to be paid into the Treasury." The Council, by the unanimous vote of the elected members (the votes of the ex officio and nominated members not being taken) rejected the motion and passed the following amendment, moved by the Hon. J. P. Clark :-“That this Council regrets its inability to validate and confirm the agree- ment made with the Atlas Steamship Company, Limited, dated 20th November, 1890, for the sale of the West Street premises, and is of opinion that this, orany similar subject, should not be dealt with without the consent of the Legislative Council. April 9.-Publication in the “ Gazette" of an Order of the Governor in Privy Council dissolving the City Council of Kingston for “ having persistently made de- fault in the performance of the duties legally imposed upon them." His Excellency under the power conferred by Section 51 of Law 16 of 1885, appointed the Hon. Lieut-Colonel Chas. J. Ward, Custos of Kingston, to be “the person to exercise the powers and perform the duties of the Mayor and Council" until a new Council should be elected. April 13.-The Legislative Council, on the motion of the Hon. Michael Solomon, C.M.G., granted £2,000 to His Excellency the Governor for the reception and entertainment of His Royal Highness Prince George of Wales and other distin- guished visitors during the Exhibition Season. April 23.-The Governor addressed a Message to the Legislative Council and submitted papers and correspondence relative to a question raised by Mr. George Levy of Kingston, as to the legality of Messrs. T. L. Harvey and Wellesley Bourke retaining their seats as members of the Legislative Council. Mr. Levy had urged that under the terms of the Queen's Order in Council of the 19th May, 1884, the seats of these gentlemen had become vacant on the ground that, since their election, they had remained for a period of a month and more, parties to a contract with the Government, they having been at the time of their election and from thence up to the time of the sale of the Railway to the Railway Company, Solicitors to the Ja- maica Government Railway; and further, on the ground that as agents for the London Guarantee and Accident Company they (Messrs. Harvey and Bourke) had held contracts with the Government in respect of their having guaranteed the fide- lity of certain public officers. The Message was referred to a Select Committe of the Council. (See 28th April). April 23.- The Council passed the following resolution :- That this Council authorizes the Governor to contribute £1,000 out of General Revenues towards meeting the cost of new buildings to be erected by the Mico Trustees, on His Excellency being satisfied that the site, extent and situation of the new buildings are suitable for accommodating and educating eighty students for the position of teachers of a Primary School, such education to include, as soon as possible, physical and indus- trial training; and that this Council will contribute yearly £2,250 for the maintenance and training of not less than 60 students in addition to the 20 students trained at the cost of the Trust Funds. The necessity for making some such provision for the training of Teachers arose CHRONOLOGICAL HISTORY 95 from the fact that the Government Training College at Spanish Town had been closed at the end of 1890. April 26.—The Legislative Council passed a Bill abolishing the Export Duties. The Governor addressed a message to Council asking for £2,000 towards the ex- pense of preparing “a representative collection of the products and industries” of Jamaica for Exhibition at the Chicago “ World's Fair” to be held in 1893. At the next sitting of the Council the sum asked for was unanimously granted. April 28.-In the Legislative Council the Acting Colonial Secretary presented the report of the Select Committee to whom had been referred the Message of His Excellency the Governor in reference to the claim of Mr. George Levy that the seats of Messrs. Harvey and Bourke should be declared vacant. The Committee based their finding on a ruling of the Supreme Court in the case of“ Deleon vs. the Director of Public Works" in which the Court held that the position of the Di. rector of Public Works with regard to the Railway was not that merely of a servant of the Government having the management of a branch of the Government business, but that “the same principle that applies to the case of trustees or other public bodies entrusted by Law with the duty of carrying on a particular undertaking applied to the Director of Public Works in relation to the management and carry, ing on of the Railway.” In their report the Select Committee say_“ If the Di- rector of Public Works held the position assigned to him by the Court, it appears to us to follow that his contract was not the contract of the Government, and that a person contracting with him did not contract with the Government. ...ii. Conceiving then that we are bound to defer to the ruling of the Supreme Court in the case adverted to, we report that, in our view, Messrs. Harvey and Bourke were not, according to the principles laid down by the Supreme Court, parties to a con- tract with the Government, and have not vacated their seats.” April 29—Prorogation of the Legislative Council. May 1.--Election of Members of the Mayor and Council of Kingston. Most of the members of the Council which had been dissolved by order of the Governor were re-elected. May 2.-Closing of the Exhibition at 11 p.m. Between thirteen and fourteen thousand persons were present at the brilliant display of fireworks which had been provided; the departure of the Governor when the hour for closing arrived was the occasion for a burst of enthusiasm on the part of the crowds in the building. The number of persons returned as having visited the Exhibition from the 27th January -the day of opening—to the second May was 302,831. May 20.-The Kingston Improvements Law, 1890, brought into operation by Pro- clamation of His Excellency the Governor. . May 21- Publication in the Gazette of the names of the gentlemen appointed under section 4 of Law 31 of 1890 to be Commissioners for carrying out under the orders of the Governor the objects and provisions of the Kingston Improvements Law, 1890. The following were appointed :—The Hon. James Allwood, Acting Colonial Secretary, the Hon. James Richmond, Acting Director of Public Works, the Hon. C. B. Mosse, C. B., Superintending Medical Officer, the Hon. Wellesley Bourke, His Worship Janies Ogilvie, Esq., M. D., Mayor of Kingston, F. B. Lyons, Esq., the Hon. Lt. Col. C. J. Ward, C.M.G., A. H. Pinnock and Simon Soutar, Esqs. Colonel Ward, Custos of Kingston, was subsequently appointed Chairman of the Commission. Appointinent by the Governor of the Hon. Geo. Stiebel, C.M.G., the Hon. Lt. Col. C. J. Ward, C.M.G., the Hon. Thos. Lloyd Harvey, Francis Bel- infante Lyons, L. P. Branday, R. Š. Haughton and H. W. Livingston, Esquires, to be a Committee “to bring the business of the Jamaica Exhibition Commis- sioners to a close and to wind up the affairs of the Exhibition. May 25.-Celebration in Jamaica of Her Majesty's Birthday. June 2.-His Excellency Sir Henry Arthur Blake, K.C.M.G., Captain-General and Governor-in-Chief left the Island on leave of absence. The administration of the Government was assumed by Major-General Wilsone Black, C.B., the Senior Mili- tary Officer for the time being in command of Her Majesty's Troops in the Island. Hon. Lt. Col. C. J. Ward, C.M.G., appointed Commissioner for Jamaica at Chi- cago Exhibition. 96 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. June 16.- Depaarture from Jamaica of Major L. F. Knollys, C.M.G., Inspector- General of Police, to take up a similar appointment in Ceylon. June 18.-Publication in the Gazette of the Registrar General's Preliminary Report on the general results of the Census taken in April. The total population was found to be 639,491-305,948 of whom were males and 333,543 were females. The increase was 58,687 as compared with the Census of 1881 when the numbers were-males, 282,957 ; females, 297,847 ;-total, 580,804. July 1.-Holding of the first Educational Conference, under the presidency of His Lordship the Bishop of Jamaica, at the Mico Institution. Aug. 3.-The Privy Council decided that the Mayor and Corporation of King- ston should consist of 12 members. Aug 19.—The Island of Martinique devastated by a hurricane causing great loss of life and property. The Government of Jamaica made a gift of £1,000 to the suf- ferers. Aug. 20.-Commission of Enquiry into the condition of the Milk River Bath is- sued to the Hon. R. Craig, the Hon. J. P. Clark and the Hon. C. B. Mosse. Aug. 21.-Severe hurricane at Turks Island. Aug. 31.- The Botanical Department imported for distribution in the island 25,000 Sisal Hemp plants of the Pita variety now cultivated in the Bahamas, Sept. 9-14.-Elections of Mayor and Council of Kingston and members of Paro- chial Boards. Oct. 27.-Destructive storm at Sav-la-Mar. Several lives lost by the capsizing of canoes. Arrival at Kingston of the Anchor Line Steamer “Belgravia” with upwards of 1,000 coolies for Jamaica. Oct. 29.- Wreck of the Royal Mail S. S. Moselle about 30 miles from Colon. The only life lost was that of the Captain. Nov.5.-Meeting of the Honourable Legislative Council to discuss the bearing of the McKinley Law of the United States Government upon the Commerce of Jamaica. Nov. 6.- The following Resolution moved by the Colonial Secretary was agreed to: RESOLVED.-That in view of the terms of the McKinley Tariff Law shortly to come into operation this Council is of opinion that two gentlemen nominated by the Governor should proceed to Washington to confer with the British Minister with a view of ascertaining pre- of the Law may affect the trade relations between the United States and this Colony and to advise and report to the Government in respect of the matters referred to them. Nov. 11.--Amicable settlement of the dispute between the Military Authorities and the City Council with respect to a portion of the foreshore of the Town of Port Royal. Nov. 26.-The Hon. H. H. Hocking, Attorney General, and the Hon. C. S. Far- quharson, the Delegates appointed by the Legislative Council to confer with Her Majesty's Minister at Washington in regard to the McKinley Act, left the Island for New York. Nov. 28.-His Excellency Sir H. A. Blake, K.C.M.G., Governor and Captain-Ge- neral, returned to Jamaica and assumed the Government. His Excellency was en- thusiastically received by the people. An address was presented at the Town Hall from the Custos, Magistrates and citizens. The City was handsomely decorated. Hon. V. G. Bell, Director of Public Works, returned to the Island and resumed his duties. Dec. 25.- Messrs. Hocking and Farquharson, the Delegates to Washington on the McKinley Tariff question, returned to the Island and made their report, having negotiated a sacrifice of Revenue of about £25,000. Mr. Edmund Peel arrived and assumed his duties as Inspector General of Police and Prisons. 1892-Jan. 5.—Mr. Frederick Sullivan, for many years Postmaster for Jamaica, died at his residence, St. Andrew. Mr. G. H. Pearce, Chief Clerk in the Department. was appointed to succeed him as Postmaster. Jan, 12.-A special session of the Legislative Council called to consider the legis- cisely to what extent t CHRONOLOGICAL HISTORY. 97 lation necessary to secure a reciprocal tariff with the United States of America under the MacKinley Act was opened by the Governor. In his introductory speech His Excellency announced a probable surplus at the end of the financial year, 1891-92, of £141,635, and foreshadowed legislation on many important subjects. The result of this meeting of Council was the passing on the 25th January of Law 1 of 1892, under which import duty on a large number of American Products, either in whole or in part. The Council after passing this measure adjourned to the 16th February. Jan. 12-13.—A very successful flower show, opened by His Excellency the Govenor, was held in the Exhibition building. On the evening of the 12th, a large public meeting of over 2,500 persons was held in the building in support of a proposal that the building should be taken over from the Exhibition Commissioners and maintained for public purposes. Jan. 14.-Death of His Royal Highness the Duke of Clarence and Avondale, eldest son of their Royal Highnesses the Prince and Princess of Wales, officially announced in a Gazette Extraordinary, The intelligence was received with profound regret throughout the colony, and mourning was worn even by the humblest classes. Feb. 9.-Opening at Kingston, of the Synod of the Church of England in Jamaica. Feb. 16.-Re-assembling, pursuant to adjournment, of the Legislative Council. Feb. 23.–The Elementary Education Bill introduced in the Council by the Hon. Thomas Capper, Superintending Inspector of Schools. On the same day the Estimates for the year 1892-93 were presented by the Colonial Secretary. March 1.- Arrival at Kingston of the famous yacht « Sunbeam,” R. Y, S., with the owner, Lord Brassey, Lady Brassey, the Duke and Duchess of St. Albans, and others on board. In the Legislative Council a message from His Excellency the Governor was read recommending a vote of £13,725 for re-imbursing the Atlas Steamship Company the amount expended by them in the purchase of and erecting buildings on Desnoes' Wharf. The debate on the resolution which was subsequently introduced to give effect to the Governor's recommendation was adjourned until the Members of Coun- cil had had an opportunity of viewing the Desnoes premises, which, if the resolution passed, would become the property of the Government. The vote ultimately passed on the 17th March. March 8.-In the Legislative Council the Inspector of Schools moved the second reading of the Elementary Education Bill; the motion passed, and the Bill was referred to a Select Committee. After numerous alterations it ultimately became Law on the 8th April. The principal features of this important Act are the establish- ment of a “ Board of Education" presided over by the Superintending Inspector of Schools to manage educational affairs, and the imposition of a School Tax of 6d. in the £ to provide means for payment of Teachers, &c.; and abolition of the School fees. March 11.- The Attorney-General introduced a Bill entitled “ The Pensions Regulation Law.” It was read a second time and referred to a Select Committee on the 17th March, and on the 5th April was read a third time and became Law, The principle on which the Law is based is a contribution by all public officers appointed since 1885, and receiving a salary of over £150 a year, who may desire to come under the provisions of the Law, of 2 per cent. per annum from their salaries in order to form a Pension Fund. The Inspector of Schools on this date moved the second reading of the Secondary Education Bill which had been read a first time on the 4th March. The Bill is intended to provide for the establishment of Government Schools of a higher grade than the Elementary Schools, and for founding Scholarships in connection there- with. April 5.-Mr. Justice Northcote gave judgment in the matter of a petition to declare the election of the Mayor and Council null and void owing to irregularities at the election. The Judge's verdict was in favour of the petition, and the election declared null and void as prayed. April 8.-Death of the Hon. James H. MacDowell. The Legislative Council prior to its adjournment which took place on the same day, passed a resolution of condolence with Mrs. MacDowell. 98 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. May 3.-Departure from Jamaica of the Rev. D. J. East, after a service of 40 years in connection with the Baptist Missionary Society. Mr. East had also ren- dered valuable service to the Colony as Chairman of the Board of Visitors of the Lunatic Asylum, and in other similar positions. May 10.-Election of Mayor and Council of Kingston,-Mr. Henry Vendryes, Returning Officer. The same members were elected as before with the exception of Messrs. Abbott, Nicholas and Harry whose places were taken by Messrs. Ffrench, Hannan and Kerr, May 12.—The Gazette of this date notified the opening for the treatment of patients, of the Victoria Jubilee Maternity Hospital which had been erected as a memorial of Her Majesty's Jubilee. May 24.-Her Majesty's 73rd Birthday. The day was kept as usual as a holiday, salutes were fired at Up-Park Camp and at Port Royal, and a ball given by the Governor at King's House in the evening. May 26.-Opening of the Rio Grande Bridge in the Parish of Portland. This is the last and largest of the series of bridges constructed under Law 18 of 1881. June 1.-His Excellency the Governor sailed in the S.S. “Adula" on a visit to the Dependencies of the Turks and Caicos Islands and the Cayman Islands. His Excellency was accompanied by the Director of Public Works, the Resident Magis. trate of St. Elizabeth, and Dr. Strachan of the Public Hospital. The party returned to Jamaica on the 11th June. During His Excellency's absence Major-General Black acted as Deputy-Governor of this Island. June 9.-Announcement in this day's Gazette of the appointment by the Governor of the following gentlemen to be members of the first Board of Education under Law 31 of 1892-the Elementary Education Law :- The Right Revd. Enos Nuttall, D.D., Bishop of Jamaica ; Bishop Gordon, Bishop J. Hanna. The Revds. Wm. Gillies, M.A., Thos. M. Geddes, William Pratt, M.A., William Simms, M.A. The Hons. George Stiebel, C.M.G., William Ewen, and John Pringle, and John Calder and Francis B. Lyons, Esquires. June 27.-Election of Mr. Joseph Henry Levy, to be a member of the Legisla- tive Council, as representative of the Electoral District of St. Mary and St. Ann, in succession to the Hon. Michael Solomon. July 6.-Flower show of the Kingston Floral and Horticultural Society held at Winchester Park. July 18.-Mr. W. B. Hannan, a member of the City Council addressed an open air meeting in front of the Kingston Theatre on the subject of the School Tax under Law 31 of 1892. July 19. -First meeting of the Board of Education at Head Quarter House. Meetings were held also on each of the four succeeding days. Among other busi- ness the Board appointed Mr. John Kerrich, the Secretary. Meeting at the Town Hall presided over by the Mayor to protest against the Educa- tion Tax under Law 31 of 1892. July 21.--Death of Mr. Gabriel J. DeCordova, a prominent member of the Hebrew community in Kingston, and for many years Editor in chief of the “Gleaner" newspaper. July 28.-Opening of the New Market at Sav -la-Mar by the Governor, the occa. sion being observed as a Public Holiday in the Town. Aug. 2.- A special Session of the Legislative Council to consider the question of the extension for a further period, of the Contract for Steam Communication round the Island, opened by the Governor. A Select Committee to whom the matter was referred advised the Council to accept neither of the tenders received for the service both of which were for a Subsidy of £2,000 a year, and recommended that a Contract should be made for a single weekly service on the same terms as the existing Contract. And that £1,800 should be provided on the Estimates for payment of a Subsidy not exceeding that sum. The Council adopted the Report and the Law passed. The Council also passed a short Bill suspending the collection of the rate of 9d. in the pound on houses in Kingston, under the Kingston Improvements Law, 1890. POLITICAL CONSTITUTION. 99 Sept. 7.- Publication in the Jamaica Gazette of a notification to the effect that the seat of the Hon. W. B. Espent in the Legislative Council had become vacant, owing to his having been absent, without leave from the Governor, from an entire session of the Council, which began on the 5th November, 1891, and was prorogued on the 29th December, 1891. At the same time a letter from Mr. Espeut to the Governor explaining the cir- cumstances under which he had failed to apply for leave was, by his own request, pub- lished in the Gazette. The Rev. John Radcliffe, for 48 years Minister of the Scotch Church in King- ston, died this day, at his residence in the St. Andrew's Hills. Mr. Radcliffe had, during the long period of his residence in Jamaica, won the admiration and res- pect of the community for his intellectual gifts and noble character. His name will always be associated with the progress of education in the Colony, & subject in which he took deep and practical interest. Mr. Radcliffe's funeral, on the 9th September, was largely attended by represen- tatives of every section of the community. Sept. 14.- Considerable alarm was caused in Kingston by the report that a case of Cholera had occurred on board the S. S. “ Costa Rican” which had arrived in Port the previous evening. Precautions were taken to isolate the case, and a Privy Council was summoned, when it was found that the case, although one of se- rious illness, was not one of cholera. The Governor in Privy Council, however, ordered that all the ports on the Con- tinent of Europe should be declared to be infected places within the meaning of the Quarantine Law of 1869. Sept. 15.-On the evening of this day, telegraphic intelligence was received that Cholera had appeared in the City of New York. A Privy Council was at once summoned when an order was made declaring all the ports of the North and South American Continent to be infected places. This was followed on the following day by a similar declaration against all ports and places of the world with the exception of the United Kingdom and the British West Indian Islands. Among other precautions, the Government appointed Medical Officers to be Visit- ing Officers of Vessels, under the Quarantine Law, in supersession of the Customs Officers who had previously discharged the duties of that office. POLITICAL CONSTITUTION. FROM the time of the English Conquest of Jamaica to the Restoration of Charles II. the island was under Military Jurisdiction. In February, 1661, Colonel D'Oyley, who had then the chief command under a Commission from the Lord Protector was confirmed in his office and instructed “ to take unto him a Council of twelve persons, to be elected by the people,* to advise and assist him in the execution of his trust.” In the latter part of the same year Lord Windsor, who succeeded Colonel D'Oyley, was directed, “ with the advice of the Council, to call Assemblies to make laws, and upon imminent necessity to levy money; such laws to be in force for two years and no longer, unless approved by the Crown." Lord Windsor brought with him the King's Proclamation, dated at Whitehall the 14th December, 1661, declaring “that all children of natural born subjects of England, to be born in Ja- maica, shall from their respective births be reputed to be free denizens of England, and shall have the same privileges to all intents and purposes, as free born subjects of England.” Lord Windsor was succeeded by Sir Thomas Modyford, who was appointed Governor-in-Chief by a Commission under the Great Seal, which empowered him “either to constitute, by his own authority, a Privy Council of twelve persons, or to continue the old one, and to alter, change or augment it as he thought fit." He * The Commission was dated in February, 1661, received by D'Oyley in May, 1661. In the version of the Commission which appears in the Calendar of State Papers (vol. 2) D'Oyley was to " choose" a Council, but in the copy of the Commission pritfted in the Appendix to the 1st vol. of the Journals of the Assembly the constitution of the Council was to be as stated above.-COMPILERS. 100 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. was also authorised, “ with the advice of a majority of the Council, to frame a me- thod for establishing General Assemblies, and from time to time to call such Assem- blies together, and with their consent to pass all manner of laws, reserving to him- self a negative voice; also upon imminent occasions to levy money." In July, 1664, Sir Thomas Modyford issued a writ for the election of two Assembly men for each Parish ; which Assembly met in the October following and passed a body of laws. These laws not having been confirmed would have expired at the end of two years but that they were continued in force until the end of his administration by an Order in Council. Sir Thomas Modyford was recalled and Sir Thomas Lynch was appointed Lieutenant-Governor. The laws passed by the Assembly during the temporary administration of Sir Thomas Lynch also remained unconfirmed On the 3rd December, 1674, Lord Vaughan was appointed Governor and autho- rized, “ with the Council and Assembly, to pass laws for the good government of the island ;" but the laws thus passed instead of being confirmed were referred to the Lords of the Committee for Trade and Plantations, who recommended to the King “ that, for the future, no Legislative Assembly be called without Your Majes- ty's special directions, but that upon emergencies the Governor do acquaint Your Majesty by letters with the necessity of calling such an Assembly, and at the same time do present unto Your Majesty by letters with the necessity of calling such an Assembly, and at the same time do present unto Your Majesty a scheme of such Acts as he shall think fit and necessary, that Your Majesty may take the same into consideration and return them in the form wherein Your Majesty shall think fit that they be enacted ; that the Governor, upon receipt of Your Majesty's commands, shall then summon an Assembly and propose the said laws for their consent, so that the same method in legislative matters be made use of in Jamaica as in Ireland, ac- cording to the form prescribed by Poyning's Law; and that therefore the present style of enacting laws, ‘By the Governor, Council, and Representatives of the Com- mons assembled,' be converted into the style of . Be it enacted by the King's Most Excellent Majesty by and with the consent of the General Assembly.” The recom- mendation having been approved a body of laws was prepared by the Committee, and the Earl of Carlisle was appointed Governor of the island, with instructions to “offer them to the Assembly for their consent.” This having been done they were all rejected—the Assembly giving their reasons for doing so in an Address to the Governor. The main arguments therein urged were (independently of the objec- tion that the laws themselves contained many fundamental errors) “the inconveni- ence of such a system of legislation when the distance of Jamaica from England was considered ; that the nature of all colonies being changeable the laws conse- quently must be adopted to the interest of the place and must alter with it ; that the people would thereby lose the satisfaction, which through their Representatives they had previously enjoyed, of a deliberative power in the making of laws; that the new form of government rendered the Governor absolute; and that by the former mode of enacting laws the Royal Prerogative was better secured.” The whole question having been submitted to the Privy Council in England the Kimg was recommended to adhere to the previous decision and to empower the Earl of Carlisle, in case the Assembly again rejected the laws, to “govern according to the laws of England, were the different nature and constitution of the colony may permit; and in other cases to act with the advice of his Council, in such a manner as should be necessary and proper for the good government of the island, until His Majesty's further orders.” In pursuance of this report the same laws as had been brought out in the first instance by the Earl of Carlisle and rejected were again presented to the Assembly and again rejected. The opinion of the Law Officers of the Crown was then taken on the question, whether Jamaica could be governed by the laws of England, and the Attorney General (Sir C. Wearge) decided “that the people of Jamaica had no right to be governed by the laws of England, but by such laws as are made there and established by His Majesty's authority," the Solicitor General (Sir Philip York) concurring. About this time Colonel Long, the Chief Justice of the island and late Speaker of the Assembly, arrived in England as a state prisoner to answer the charges of having struck the King's name out of the Revenue Bill that had recently been sent POLITICAL CONSTITUTION. 101 to the Council from the Assembly, and of having advised and framed the last Address of the Assembly protesting against the change of government. He was several times heard before the King in Council, and pointed out with such force of argument the evil tendency of the measures which had been pursued that the English Ministry reluctantly submitted. Thereupon a second Commission was issued to the Earl of Carlisle, dated the 3rd November, 1680, in which it was declared that “the Assembly, or the major part of them, shall have power, with the advice and consent of the Governor and Council, to make laws for the good of the island and its inhabitants, not repugnant to the laws of England, provided that all laws so to be made shall be transmitted to the King for approval or rejection, and any so disapproved to be void.” In the following year an Act was passed by the three branches of the Legislature thus constituted declaring that “ in every Assembly hereafter to be called by His Majesty's writs there shall be chosen three Representatives for the Parish of St. Catherine, the like number for the Parish of Port Royal, and two for each of the respective parishes that now are, or hereafter shall be, in the island.” The Act 5 William and Mary, chap. 3, sess. 1, enacted that "there shall be chosen three Re- presentatives to serve in every Assembly for the Town and Parish of Kingston." This form of government received confirmation in the commmissions of succes- sive Governors, but few of the laws passed in the colony obtained the assent of the Crown. The recommendation of the Committee of Trade and Plantations for the abrogation of the original Constitution was ascribed to the desire of the Ministry of Charles II. to secure a perpetual annunity to the Crown which the House of Assembly had systematically refused, and the continued non-confirmation of the colonial statutes was attributed to the same cause. But, whatever might have been the reason for this prolonged controversy, it was finally settled in 1728, when an agreement was entered into by the Ministry of George II. and the Assembly, to settle on the Crown “an irrevocable revenue" of £8,000(subsequently increased to £10,000*) per annum, on condition that the body of their laws should receive the Royal assent; and that “all such laws and statutes of England as had been at any time esteemed, introduce, used, accepted or received as laws in this island should be and continue laws of this His Majesty's Island of Jamaica for ever.” The “perpetual revenue" was principally for the support of the local government and the maintenance of the forts. From the date of this decision the constitutional rights of the Assembly remained undisturbed until the year 1839, when the Imperial Parliament passed the West India Prisons Act by which they legislated for the internal regulations of the prisons of Jamaica. The House of Assembly resented this interference with their legisla- tive functions by three times resolving to do no business “ until they were left to the free exercise of their inherent rights as British subjects.” Thereupon Governor Sir Lionel Smith recommended, and the Government of Lord Melbourne sanctioned, the introduction of a bill into the Imperial Parliament for the suspension of the Political Constitution of the colony. Mr. Labouchere, the Under Secretary of State for the Colonies, in presenting the measure stated that on a general review of the whole case, Her Majesty's Government were of opinion that it would be advisable to suspend the Constitution of Jamaica for a limited number of years, and to pro- vide that during the interval the legislative functions should not be exercised by a Governor, a Council and a House of Assembly, but should reside in the Governor and Council alone." By the party that owned Sir Robert Peel as its leader this measure was vigorously opposed. On the second reading of the bill it was thrown out by a majority swollen by some seceders from the ministerial ranks. On this Lord Melbourne resigned. Invited to form a Ministry Sir Robert Peel attempted the task, but failed under the pressure of the Bed-Chamber difficulty; the Whiga thereupon returned to office. The Jamaica Bill was then carried through the House of Commons, but it was afterwards amended by the Lords; and the result of these long protracted discussions was an Act that declared that, from and after the ex- piration of two calendar months from the time of the Assembly being convened for the despatch of business, the Governor in Council should have power to revive and continue in force, or to re-enact, any of the expired laws " which should not have * Old Jamaica currency, equal to £6,000. † Kaye's Life of Lord Metcalfe. 102 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. been before then revived or continued in force, or re-enacted, by the Governor, Council and Assembly of the island." The Act was laid before the Assembly, and Sir Charles Metcalfe, the newly-appointed Governor, having at the same time de- livered a conciliatory speech, they passed a series of resolutions declaring that “all they sought was the continued enjoyment of those rights and privileges that were confirmed in 1661, and which were no less dear to them than to their fellow-subjects in the Mother-Country,”—and then receded from their previous determination. The work of legislation was then resumed and it continued without interruption until the 20th May, 1853, when the Assembly passed the following resolution : “ That in consequence of the rejection of the Revenue Bills by the second branch of the Legislature during the last session, and the recklessness and utter disregard of the interests of the colony thereby displayed, and this House having failed in their endeavours made at the opening of the present session to obtain any assurance that the honourable Board of Council will make any concession, however reasonable, the House feels that it cannot with any confidence continue to originate legislative measures for the benefit of its constituents, and, in self-respect and vindication of the rights of the people, it declines to do any business with the honourable Board of Council.” The House then adjourned and another “dead lock” in legislation ensued. The Imperial Government approved generally of the course pursued by the Council (in which they were supported by the Governor) but availed them- selves of the expiration of Sir Charles Grey's term of office to appoint a successor who would be independent of the prejudices arising out of the retrenchment strug- gles. Sir Henry Barclay was accordingly commissioned as Governor and met the Legislature for the first time in October, 1853 After announcing the willingness of the British Government to grant a loan for the purpose of compensating such office-holders as might, in a general retrenchment scheme, lose their appointments or sustain a diminution of income, Sir Henry Barclay called on the Legislature to introduce " such political reform as the experience of the Mother-Country had de- monstrated to be most conducive to efficient and economical government, and best calculated to avert the recurrence of ruinous strugyles between the various powers of the State.” The result was the passing of the Act for the better government of the island (17 Vic., chap. 29) by which the Governor for the time being was autho- rized to appoint an Executive Committee (who should be members of the Legisla- ture) for the purpose of assisting him in the general administration of the affairs of the island, and acting as official organs of communication between him and the other branches of the Legislature. The Act also prohibited the raising or expending of any money, except and until the same was recommended by the Executive. The old Legislative Council (which consisted almost exclusivly of Officials) was by the same enactment abolished and a new Council consisting of 17 members, of whom five only were to be holders of office, was created. This new Legislative Council was invested with the like political powers and authorities as the House of Lords, of initiating or originating any Legislative measures not involving the imposition of taxes or the appropriation of public money.” [The old Board of Council did not possess this power.) The qualification of an unofficial member of the Legislative Council was the possession of a freehold estate in the island producing a clear annual income to him of £300, or the payment of direct taxes to the extent of £30 on a freehold held by him in the island. The House of Assembly was continued as “heretofore"-the number of Repre- sentatives being 47. No person was eligible to be elected a member of Assembly unless he was a freeholder and possessed besides one of the following qualifications :- 1. A clear annual income after payment of all just debts of £150 arising from lands 2. A clear annual income as aforesaid arising partly from income, the produce of any freehold office, or of any business, after deducting all charges and ex- pense, of £200. 3. A clear annual income as aforesaid arising from any freehold office, or any business, after deducting all charges of such office or business, of £300. 4. The payment annually of direct taxes or of export taxes, or any one or more of them, to the extent of £10 or upwards. POLITICAL CONSTITUTION. 103 The qualifications of the electors were :- 1. A freehold of the clear annual value of £6 or upwards. 2. The receipt of rent payable on lands of the annual value of £20. 3. The occupation of a house as tenant of the annual value of £20. 4. The receipt of an annual salary of not less than £50. 5. The payment of direct taxes amounting to 20/ or upwards. 6. The possession of invested money to the extent of not less than £100. The following table shows the number of registered electors at the date of the general election in 1863 and the number who voted on that occasion, together with the population of each of the electoral districts :- Parish or Electoral District. Population. Registered Electors. No. of Electors who voted. 430 45 114 189 403 41 112 Kingston St. Andrew Port Royal St. David St. Thomas-in-the-East Portland St. George Metcalfe St. Catherine St. Dorothy St. John St. Thomas-in-the-Vale St. Mary St. Ann Clarendon Vere Manchester St. Elizabeth Westmoreland Hanover St. James Trelawny Total . 27,359 23,451 7,866 6,452 26,229 8,540 9,077 15,762 12,715 5,438 9,301 19,020 17,106 36,319 24,741 10,098 32,745 37,777 33,849 23,451 26,904 27,064 63 441,264 1,798 1,482 These figures shews that there was one registered elector to every 245 persons in in the island in the year 1863, and that one person out of every 297 voted at the general election held in that year. In 1865, after the suppression of the disturbances in St. Thomas-in-the-East. Governor Eyre urged on the Legislature the unsuitability of the then existing form of government to meet the circumstances of the community, and the necessity of making some sweeping ehange by which a strong government might be created. The Legislative Council, in their reply, assured His Excellency that he “might confi. dently rely upon their giving their best consideration to any measure tending to establish that strong government so necessary for the well being of this community;" and the Assembly expressed their “full conviction that nothing but the existence of a strong government would prevent this island lapsing into the condition of a second Haiti.” These assurances were followed by the passing of the 29th Vic.. cap. 11, declaring “ that from after the coming into operation of this Act, the pre- sent Legislative Council and House of Assembly, and all and every the functions and privileges of these two bodies, respectively, shall cease and determine abso- lutely.” Another Act was also passed in the same session declaring that “it shall be lawful for Her Majesty the Queen to create and constitute a government for this island, in such form and with such powers as to Her Majesty might best seem fit- tipg, and from time to time to alter or amend such government." Effect was given to these Acts of the Colonial Legislature by an Act of Imperial Parliament, 29 Vic. cap. 12, entitled “ An Act to make provision for the government of Jamaica," which enacted that “in construing the secondly recited Act the term government should 104 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. be held to include Legislature, and that the powers exercisable by Her Majesty in Council."* In pursuance of these enactments a single Chamber was established under the designation of “ The Legislative Council of Jamaica," by an order in Council dated the 11th June, 1866. The Council thus created consisted of the Senior Military Officer for the time being in Command of Her Majesty's Regular Troops within the island, and the five persons for the time being exercising the respective offices of Colonial Secretary, of Attorney General, of Financial Secretary, of Director of Roads and of Collector of Customs, who were declared to be official members of the Coun- cil, virtute officii, and of six unofficial members nominated by the Governor and appointed by the Queen. By a subsequent Order in Council, dated the 11th No- vember, 1868, so much of the above order as declared that the Financial Secretary, the Director of Roads, and the Collector of Customs should be official members of the Board was revoked, and Her Majesty was empowered from time to time u to appoint such officers or persons as she may think fit to be official members of the Council.” Under this Order the Council consisted of nine official and nine unofficial members.t The entire body of unofficial members resigned their seats in November, 1882, in consequence of the passing of a resolution by the votes of the official members directing the payment from colonial funds of one-half of the damages and costs in the suit for the seizure of the Schooner “ Florence" by order of the Executive. (There was then one vacancy in the number of unofficial members and two were absent from the island.) Pending the consideration of the petitions which, in consequence of this vote, were forwarded from the inhabitants of the principal towns to the Imperial Govern- ment, praying for the remodelling of the political constitution of the colony, the seats of the unofficial members remained vacant and the Council transacted busi- ness under an Order by the Queen in Council dated the 14th February, 1883. That Order declared that "any business may be transacted by the Council whenever there are present the number of members for the time boing requisite to form a quorum, although from vacancies or other causes no unofficial member is present." These several Orders were revoked by an Order by the Queen in Council dated 19th May, 1884, in which it was declared that a new Legislative Council should be constituted, which should consist of the Governor, the Senior Military Officer for the time being in Command of Her Majesty's Regular Troops in Jamaica, the Colo- nial Secretary, the Attorney General and the Director of Public Works; not more than five members to be nominated by the Crown, and nine members to be elected by the people. [ln the Despatch from the Secretary of State of the 28th May, 1884, which appears on a subsequent page, it was proposed, in order not to place the elected members in a minority, that only two nominated members should be ap- pointed.] The elected members were to represent the following electoral districts -one member being returned by each district :- 1. The Parishes of Kingston and St. Andrew. 2. The Parishes of St. Thomas and Portland, 3. The Parishes of St. Mary and St. Ann. 4. The Parish of St. Catherine. 5. The Parish of Clarendon. 6. The Parish of Manchester. 7. The Parish of St. Elizabeth. 8. The Parishes of Westmoreland and Hanover. 9. The Parishes of St. James and Trelawny. By the 9th section of the Order in Council no person shall be capable of being elected a member of the Council, or, having been elected, shall sit or vote in the Council, who (1.) Is the holder of any office of emolument under the Crown, or under the Government of Jamaica; or, # For names of members of the Legislature thereby abolished see Handbook of 1885-86, pages 84 and 85. + For names of members of the Legislative Council see Handbook of 1885-86, page 86. POLITICAL CONSTITUTION. 105 (2.) Is not entitled to vote at the election of a member of the Council for some electoral district; or, (3.) Does not possess one of the following qualifications, viz. :- (a.) A clear annual income of 1501. arising from lands belonging to him in his own right or in right of his wife. (6.) A clear annual income of 2001. arising partly from lands belonging to him as aforesaid and partly from any freehold office, or any business, after deducting all charges and expenses of such office or business. (c. A clear annual income of 3001. arising from any freehold office, or any business, after deducting all charges and expenses of such office or business. (d.) The payment annually of direct taxes or export duty, or both, to the amount of not less than 101. [These are the same qualifications as those for the members of the Old House of Assembly.] The 14th section of the Order provided for the property qualification of voters as follows:- 14. Every male person shall be entitled to be registered in any year as a voter, and when registered to vote at the election of a member of the Council for any of the said electoral districts, who is qualified as follows, that is to say :- (1.) Has attained the age of twenty-one years. (2.) Is under no legal incapacity. (3.) Is a British subject by birth or naturalization. (4.) Either (a.) is on the 30th day of June in such year, and has during the whole of the preceding twelve calendar months, been an occupier as owner or tenant of a dwelling house within such district; and has during the time of such occupation, been rated in respect of such premises so occupied by him to all poor rates made in respect of such premises, and has, during the said period of twelve calendar months, paid in respect of the same pre- mises alone, or in respect of the same premises together with other taxa- ble property owned by him, public or parochial taxes or rates, or taxes and rates, to the amount of not less than one pound; or, (6.) is on the 30th day of June in such year possessed of property in respect of which he has during the preceding twelve calendar months paid, within such district, public or parochial taxes or rates, or taxes and rates, to the amount of not less than one pound and ten shillings; provided That no person shall be registered as a voter, or be entitled to vote for the election of a member of the Council who has been sentenced by any Court in Her Majesty's Dominions to death, or penal servitude, or imprisonment with hard labour, or for a term exceeding twelve months, and has not either suffered the punishment to which he was sentenced, or such other punish- ment as by competent authority may have been substituted for the same, or received a free pardon from Her Majesty. (2.) That no person shall be registered as a voter in any year who has within twelve calendar months immediately preceding the 30th day of June in that year received any relief from public or parochial funds. (3.) That after the year 1884 no person not then already registered as a voter shall be so registered unless he shall, in the presence of the Registering Officer or of a Magistrate, with his own hand subscribe his name to his claim to be registered, and write thereon the date of such subscription. The 41st and 42nd sections of the Order in Council declared in regard to pro- ceedings in the Legislative Council that “the Governor, if present, or in his absence any member of the Council appointed by him in writing, shall preside and be pos- Bessed of an original vote, and also of a casting vote, if the votes be equally divided.” The 43rd and 44th sections of the Order thus regulated the votes of the official and the elected members :- 43. The votes of the ex officio and nominated members of the Council shall not be I 106 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. recorded in support of any law, vote, or resolution imposing any new tax, or appro- priating any public revenue for any purpose other than the payment of the salary or allowances of any public officer in respect of an office to which he was appointed be- fore the date of this order, or of the pension or gratuity payable in accordance with the rules in force at the date of this Order affecting pensions and gratuities to any person in respect of an office to which he was appointed before the date of this Order, if not less than six elected members shall have voted against such law, vote or resolu- tion, unless the Governor shall have declared his opinion that the passing of such law, vote or resolution is of paramount importance to the public interest. 44. The votes of the ex officio and nominated members shall not be recorded against the unanimous votes of all the nine elected members on any questior. unless the Governor shall have declared his opinion that the decision of such question in a sense contrary to the votes of the elected members is of paramount importance to the public interest. Six members, besides the Governor or Presiding Member, were appointed a quo- rum; and it was declared that “the Council shall not be disqualified for the trans- action of business by reason of any vacancy or vacancies among the ec officio or elected members." In the transaction of business and the passing of laws the Council was required to conform to the Instructions from Her Majesty bearing date the 4th of June, 1877 ; but these were superseded by the Royal Instructions dated the 29th July, 1887. By these latter Instructions any member of the Council may propose any question for debate. The Governor is not to assent to any bill of any of the classes herein- after specified unless such bill shall contain a suspension clause, “ or unless the Governor shall have satisfied himself that an urgent necessity exists requiring that such bill be brought into immediate operation, in which case he is authorized to assent to such bill, unless the same shall be repugnant to the law of England or inconsistent with any obligations imposed upon Her Majesty by treaty :- 1. Any bill for the divorce of persons joined together in holy matrimony : 2. Any bill whereby any grant of land or money, or other donation, or gratuity, may be made to himself ; 3. Any bill whereby any increase or diminution may be made in the number, salary or allowances of the public officers; 4. Any bill affecting the currency of Jamaica or relating to the issue of bank notes: 5. Any bill establishing any banking association, or amending or altering the constitution, powers or privileges of any banking association ; 6. Any bill imposing differential duties; 7. Any bill the provisions of which shall appear inconsistent with obligations imposed upon Her Majesty by treaty; 8. Any bill interfering with the discipline or control of Her Majesty's Forces in the island by land and sea; 9. Any bill of an extraordinary nature and importance whereby the Queen's prerogative, or the rights or property of her subjects not residing in the island, or the trade, or shipping of the United Kingdom and its dependen- cies, may be prejudiced ; 10. Any bill whereby persons not of European birth or descent may be sub- jected or made liable to any disabilities or restrictions to which persons of European birth or descent are not also subjected or made liable : 11. Any bill containing provisions to which Her Majesty's assent has been once refused, or which have been disallowed by Her Majesty. No private bill is to be passed whereby the property of any private person may be affected in which there is not the saving of the rights of Her Majesty, her heirs and successors, and of all bodies politic and corporate, and of all other persons ex- cept such as are mentioned in the said bill and those claiming by, from, through. and under them. The Governor is not to assent to any such private bill until proof has been made before him in Privy Council and entered in the Privy Council books that adequate and timely notification was made by public advertisement, or other- wise of the parties intention to apply for such bill before it was brought into the Legislative Council ; and a certificate must be annexed to every private bill signi. POLITICAL CONSTITUTION. 107 fying that such notification has been given and declaring the manner of giving the same. The laws are to be styled “Laws enacted by the Governor and Legislative Council of Jamaica.” The first registration of voters under the Order in Council of 19th May, 1884, took place in the month of July, 1884, and the Courts for the revision and final settlement of the lists of voters were held in the succeeding month of August. The revised lists showed that there was one elector to every 62 persons in the island. Since then important changes have been made in the qualifications of electors. The 3rd section of Law 22 of 1886 (The Franchise Enlargement Law, 1886) repeals the 14th section of the Order in Council and enacts as follows: 3_Every male person shall be entitled to be registered in any year as a voter for a division of a parish who is qualified as follows, that is to say :- (1.) Has attained the age of twenty-one years. 12.) 18 under no legal incapacity. 13.) Is a British subject by birth or naturalization. (4.) Either- (a.) is on the 31st day of May in such year, and has since the 1st day of August then preceding, been an occupier as owner, or tenant of a dwelling house within such parish capable of being, during such occupation, rated in respect of all poor rates, and has during the said period paid taxes to the amount of not less than ten shillings, (b.) is on the 31st day of May in such year possessed of property in respect of which he has, since the preceding first day of August, paid within such parish taxes to the amount of not less than one pound and ten shillings, and ordinarily resides within such division of such parish, or (c.) is in the parish in which he claims to vote in the receipt of an annual salary of £50 and upwards :- Provided- (1.) That no person shall be registered as a voter who has been sentenced by any Court in Her Majesty's Dominions to death, or penal servitude, or im- prisonment with hard labour, or for a term exceeding twelve months, and has not either suffered the punishment to which he was sentenced, or such other punishment as by competent authority may have been substituted for the same, or received a free pardon from Her Majesty; (2.) That no person shall be registered as a voter in any year who has, since the preceding first day of August, received any relief from public or paro- chial funds. The first registration under this law was in August, 1887. The revised lists showed that there was one elector to every 25 persons in the island. The following table shows the number of voters in each of the last five years since the restoration of the elective franchise, compared with the population as ascer- tained at the last census (1891) :- Population. 1888-89. 1889-90. 1890-91. 1891-92. 1892-93. 1,398 1,432 1,656 3,152–4,584 1,744-3,142 1,181—2,486 1,305 2,801 2,713–4,369 1,892-3,921 2,029 2,175-4,976 Kingston St. Andrew St. Thomas Portland St. Mary St. Ann Trelawny St. James Hanover Westmoreland St Elizabeth Manchester Clarendon St. Catherine 86,359 64,174 96,042 66,046 85,538 62,256 53,462 57,105 65,509 1,747 1,895) --3,642 2,704 1,290 3,994 1.762 2,012 -3,774 1,864 1,345 -3,212 2,434 1,861 -- 4,295 2,162 2,123 2,499 2,475 1,309 1,891 1,799 1.329 - 3,128 1,774 -3,779 2,005 2,410 1,984 1,981 2,314 1,323 2,402 2,678 1,039 2,733 2.2857 -5,018 1.143 1,176 -2,319 1,868 1,891 2,313 2,078 2,673 2,597 2.743 2,717 1,838 1943--3,381 2,454 3,787 -6,241 1,455 2,531 2,658 1,544 -2,999 2,247 2,319 - 4,566 2,489 2,610 3,321 3,953 3,150 3,380 3,507 3,933 639,491 22,660 28,176 28,199 38,612 33,417 1 2 108 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. The general election for members of Council (after the proclamation of the Order in Council of the 19th May, 1881) resulted in the return of the gentlemen whose names are given in the subjoined list :- ELECTED MEMBERS. Name. Date of Election. District. 11th J 11th » » Hon. Charles Salmon Farquharson 8th Sep., 1884 “ Edward George Barrett « James Miller Farquharson 11th , « George Henderson " Robert Craig " Emanuel George Levy . 12th , " William Malabre 12th , " John Thomson Palache « Michael Solomon. 12th Westmoreland and Hanover. St. James and Trelawny. St. Elizabeth. St. Thomas and Portland. Clarendon. St. Catherine. Kingston and St. Andrew. Manchester. St. Mary and St. Ann. J 12th | 12th , , , The ex officio and nominated members were the following: - EX OFFICIO MEMBERS. Hon. Colonel Somerset Molyneux Wiseman-Clarke, Senior Military Officer in Com- mand of Her Majesty's Regular Troops. « Edward Noel Walker, C.M.G., Colonial Secretary. Henry Hicks Hocking, Attorney-General. 6 Major-General James Robert Mann, R.E., C.M.G., Director of Public Works, NOMINATED MEMBERS. Hon. Surgeon General Charles Benjamin Mosse, C.B., M.R.C.S., Superintending Medical Officer. " Thomas Capper, B.A., Inspector of Schools. The following changes occurred in the personnel of the first Legislative Council during the period of its official existence :- EX OFFICIO MEMBERS Hon. Colonel W. Clive Justice, C.M.G., in place of Colonel (now General) Wiseman- Clarke. " Neale Porter, C.M.G., in place of the Hon. E. N. Walker, C.M.G., promoted to Ceylon. « Valentine Grame Bell, C.E., in place of General Mann, resigned. ELECTED MEMBERS. 6 Wellesley Bourke elected on 1st September, 1885, vice Hon. E. G. Barrett, resigned. “ William Bancroft Espeut elected on 27th August, 1886, vice Hon. George Henderson, resigned. Thomas Lloyd Harvey elected on 11th October, 1886, vice Hon. Emanuel George Levy, deceased. 6 John Powell Clark elected on 18th June, 1888, vice J. T. Palache, resigned. The Legislative Council was dissolved on the 31st December, 1888, and the elec- tions for a new Council took place in the month of March, 1889. The nominated members were re-appointed and the previously elected members were all returned except the Hon. William Malabre who retired on account of ill-health. The Hon. Charles James Ward was elected in place of the Hon. William Malabre. The per- sonnel of the second Legislative Council under the New Constitution is therefore as follows: EX OFFICIO MEMBERS. His Excellency Sir Henry A. Blake, K.C.M.G., President. Hon. Major Genl. Wilsone Black, C.B., Senior Military Officer in Command of Her Majesty's Regular Troops in Jamaica. 6 Neale Porter, C.M.G., Colonial Secretary. « Henry Hicks Hocking, Attorney-General. " Valentine Greme Bell, C.E., Director of Public Works. POLITICAL CONSTITUTION. 109 NOMINATED MEMBERS. Hon. Surgeon General Charles Benjamin Mosse, C. B., Superintending Medical Officer. " Thomas Capper, B.A., Inspector of Schools. ELECTED MEMBERS. 66 John Powell Clark for Manchester. 6 Charles Salmon Farquharson for Westmoreland and Hanover. " Robert Craig for Clarendon. 66 William Bancroft Espeut for St. Thomas and Portland. " James Miller Farquharson for St. Elizabeth. 66 Wellesley Bourke for St. James and Trelawny. “ Thomas Lloyd Harvey for St. Catherine. " Michael Solomon, C.M.G., for St. Ann and St. Mary, 6 Charles James Ward for Kingston and St. Andrew. Since the last General Election the following changes have occurred :- Mr. Jos. Hy. Levy has been elected Member for St. Mary and St. Ann, in the room of Mr. Michael Solomon deceased. The Seat of Mr. Espeut became vacant owing to his absence without leave from an entire Session of the Council, and Mr. Wm. Andrews was elected to succeed him, and Mr. G. Solomon was elected to represent Clarendon in the room of Mr. Craig, resigned. There is also a Privy Council consisting of the Senior Military Officer in the island, not being below the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel, the Colonial Secretary, the Attorney General, and such other persons, not to exceed eight in number, as may be named by the Queen, or provisionally appointed by the Governor, subject to the approval of Her Majesty. The tenure of office of members so named or appointed is limited to five years. The Governor is to consult in all cases with the Privy Councillors, excepting only when the matter to be decided would in his judgment sustain material prejudice by consultation, or be too unimportant to require their advice. The Governor is authorized to act in opposition to the advise and decision of the Privy Council, if in any case it shall appear right to do so, and to report to the Secretary of State for the Colonies the grounds and reasons of his opposition, and any member may record on the minutes the nature of the advice or opinion offered and rejected. APPENDIX A. The following is the Despatch from the Secretary of State forwarding the Order in Council of 19th May, 1884,* and explaining its provisions :- (Despatch from the Right Honorable the Secretary of State for the Colonies.) Jamaica-No. 161. Downing Street, 28th May, 1884. SIR,-I have the honor to transmit to you, herewith, an Order of Her Majesty in Council reconstituting the Legislative Council of Jamaica in the manner indicated by my Despatch No. 285 of the 1st December last.t 2. The new Council will consist of the Governor and four other ex officio members, viz., the three officers who are ex officio members of the existing Council and the Director of Public Works; not more than five members to be nominated by the Crown or provisionally by the Governor, and nine elected members. 3. Following a suggestion made by you, and in furtherance of the policy enunciated in my Despatch of the 1st of December, Her Majesty's Government have thought it advisable that the number of nominated members should not be fixed by the Order in Council ; the Legislative Council can therefore be in the first instance so constituted as not to place the elected members in a minority, while the power is reserved to Her Majesty or Her Representative of securing in case of necessity a control over its de- cisions by raising the number of nominated members to the prescribed maximum. 4. It is proposed that, in the first instance, only two nominated members should be appointed, and I have to request that you will furnish me with the names of two gentle- men whom you would recommend for that purpose. You will, however, clearly under- * For the Order in Council see Handbook of 1884-85, page 485. † For Despatch soe Handbook of 1884-85, page 71. 110 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. stand that in the case, which I trust is not likely to happen, of your considering it really necessary to add to the number within the prescribed liinits by provisional appoint- ments under the fifth clause of the Order you have full authority for doing so. 5. The seats of the nominated members will be vacated by a dissolution but they may be re-appointed. 6. Public officers hereafter appointed will hold their offices on condition of sery- ing as nominated members of the Council if so required. 7. Provision is made for the suspension by the Governor (subject to disallowance by the Queen, of nominated members, and for provisionally supplying the places of nominated members suspended or incapacitated or absent from the colony. 8. In prescribing the property qualifications for a seat in the Council as an elected member Her Majesty's Government, with your concurrence, have adopted those which were required for a seat in the former Legislative Assembly, and the holders of offices of emolument under the Crown or the Colonial Government are declared ineligible. 9. In my Despatch of the 1st of December it was suggested that each of the three counties of Jamaica should return three members of the Council. The Commissioners, however, whom you appointed to report on the Franchise, expressed the opinion that the adoption of the counties as electoral districts would give undue predominance in the representation to the inhabitants of the larger towns. After receiving a further report on the subject from tive of the Commissioners, and separate reports from another of them, and from the gentleman who was Secretary to the Commission, all of which you have transmitted to me, and after deliberating on the question with the Privy Council, you decided to recommend the division of the island into nine electo- ral districts, each returning one member and consisting of one or two parishes. 10. On full consideration of the matter I have arrived at the conclusion that the acheme of electoral districts which you have proposed is calculated to secure the fairest representation of all interests, and it has been adopted in the Order in Council. 11. Upon the important question of the Franchise I have had no hesitation in adopting the property qualifications and the grounds of disqualifications unanimously recommended by the Royal Commissioners and by you. The majority of the Com- missioners further recommend that ability to read and write should be made a neces- sary condition for the exercise of the Franchise. Of the minority of three who dissented from that recommendation two proposed that the requirements of an edu- cational qualification should be deferred for a stated period, while the third, Mr. Stiebel, in a separate report stated with much force and ability his objections to an educational test which would exclude a considerable number of negro and coloured inhabitants, who are in other respects well fitted to be entrusted with votes, but who from no fault of their own have not received any education. 12. I learn from your Despatch No. 75 of the 23rd of February that in your opinion, and in that of the great majority of persons whose views you have been able to ascer- tain, the imposition of an educational test is desirable, but that it would be unjust and inexpedient to apply that test to the persons referred to in Mr. Stiebel's report, and you therefore recommend that on the first registration of voters the condition of being able to read and write should be dispensed with, but that it should be imposed in future years on all persons seeking to be registered for the first time. This pro- posal appears to me to afford the best solution of the question, and the Order in Council accordingly provides that after the present year no one shall be registered as a voter for the first time without signing his name to the claim and adding the date of signature in the presence of the Registering Officer or of a Magistrate. 13. The Order provides that the voting at election of members of the Council shall be by ballot and that a Judge of the Supreme Court shall be the tribunal for determining questions of disputed elections, and it contains provisions adopted from the English Statute Law for the prevention of bribery, treating, undue influence, personation, interference with the secrecy of voting and other election offences. It leaves the necessary regulations in matters of detail relating to registration and election, for the framing of which local knowledge and experience are essential to be supplied by the Governor's Proclamation in the first instance, and afterwards by colonial legislation, POLITICAL CONSTITUTION. 111 14. The 43rd and 44th clauses of the Order give effect to the views of Her Majesty's Government expressed in the 5th and 6th paragraphs of my despatch of the 1st of December last, by securing that with a reservation for protecting vested interests votes of two-thirds of the elected members shall govern the decision of the Council on financial questions, and that the unanimous opinion of the elected members on other questions shall not be overruled, unless in either case the Governor declares that in his opinion a contrary decision is of paramount importance to the public interest. Whenever the Governor makes such a declaration he is required to report it with his reason to the Secretary of State. I trust it will be rarely or never neces- sary for the Governor to exercise the power of over-riding the votes of the elected members, but it must be clearly understood that it is his duty to do so if in his opinion the public interest absolutely requires it. Six members are to be a quorum, and neither the existence of vacancies among the ex officio or elected members, nor the non-attendance of elected members, will affect the proceedings of the Council, if the Governor thinks it necessary to proceed with the despatch of business with the pre- scribed quorum. The duration of the Council is limited to five years, but the Go- vernor is empowered to dissolve it at any time. 15. A moderate civil list* comprising the salaries of the Governor and his Private Secretary and some of the principal officers in the civil service of the colony is reserved by the Order. 16. The Governor is required to reserve for the signification of Her Majesty's plea- sure bills which repeal, alter or amend, or are inconsistent with any provision of the Order, and power is reserved to Her Majesty, by Order in Council, to revoke, alter, or amend the Order. 17. Having now noticed the principal provisions of the Order in Council it only remains for me to request you to issue the necessary Proclamations under the 25th and 53rd clauses so as to enable the first election of members to be held at the earliest practicable date. I have, &c., (Signed) DERBY. Governor Sir Henry Norman, K.C.B., C.I.E., &c., &c., &c. 600 Governor Private Secretary and Aid. de-Camp Colonial Secretary Assistant Colonial Secretary Attorney-General . Director of Public Works * CIVIL LIST. Per annum Per annum £6,000 Auditor-General £1,000 Treasurer 400 Collector-General 1,000 1,300 Superintending Medical Offi. 700 cer 1,200 1,500 Inspector-General of Police 900 1,350 Inspector of Prisons . 660 112 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. PART V. GOVERNOR OF JAMAICA. Sir HENRY ARTHUR BLAKE, K.C.M.G. (1888), C.M.G. (1887), F.R.G.S.- Cadet, Royal Irish Constabulary, February, 1859; Sub-Inspector, March, 1859; appointed Resident Magistrate, February, 1876; in January, 1882, was one of the five Special Resident Magistrates selected by the Government to concert and carry out measures for the pacification of a large portion of Ireland ; appointed Governor of the Bahamas, January, 1884; Newfound. land, 1887 ; Queensland, November, 1888, but did not take up appointment; Governor, Jamaica, December, 1888. The Governor's Private Secretary. LORD GEORGE FirzGERALD, B.A. Oxon., 1884. Private Secretary to Sir Henry Blake as Governor of the Bahamas, 1885; as Governor of Newfound. land, 1887, and as Governor of Jamaica, 1889. The Governor's Aide-de-Camp. CAPTAIN H. T. Hall, Connaught Rangers. Senior Member Of Privy Council. MAJOR-GENERAL Wilsone Black, C.B., entered the 42nd Regiment in 1837 and was promoted Colonel in 1882. Has held the following Military appointments : Brigade Major, Nova Scotia; Assistant Adjutant Quarter Master General, Canada; Assistant Adjutant General North British Dis- trict, and Assistant Adjutant General, Gibraltar. Served in the Crimean Campaign at the Seige and Fall of Sebastopol, nedal and clasp ; Turkish medal. In the South African War, Kaffir Campaign. Attack on the Inta- laka Udoda Bush, Zulu Campaign. Commanded the party which recovered lost Colours of the 24th Foot,- Despatches, London Gazette, 1st June, 1878, 1st March, and 4th April, 1879. Medal with clasp, C.B. Privy COUNCIL NOMINATED MEMBERS. Hon. Major-Genl. Wilsone Black, Hon. Valentine Græme Bell, Director 0.B., Senior Military Officer. of Public Works. Hon. Neale Porter, C.M.G., Colonial Secretary. Hon. James Cecil Phillippo, M.D. Hon. H, H. Hocking, Attorney Gene- ral. Hon. John Thomas Orrett. CLERK TO THE PRIVY COUNCIL The Assistant Colonial Secretary for the time being (without salary). EX OFFICIO MEMBERS. ESTABLISHMENT OF THE LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL OFFICE. Office Name. Salary and other Emolument. Date of First Appointment to Public Service. Clerk Clerk to Clerk Reporting Staff Thomas Oughton C. T. H. Fletcher DeCordova & Co. £ 8. d. 400 0 0 15th June, '72 200 0 0 | 1st Feb. '70 375 00 GOVERNORS OF JAMAICA. 113 FORMER GOVERNORS OF JAMAICA, &c. Mlty. Comdt.--Colonel Edward D'Oyley 1655 Lt.-Gov.--Major-Gen. A. Williamson 1791 Ditto General William Brayne 1656 Lt.-Gov.-Alexander, Earl of Balcarres 1795 Ditto Colonel Edward D'Oyley 1657 Lt.-Gov.--Lt.-Gen. George Nugent 1801 Governor-General Edward D'Oyley 1661 Lt.-Gov.-Lt.-Gen. Sir Eyre Coote 1807 Governor-Lord Windsor 1662 Governor-William, Duke of Manchester 1808 Lt.-Gov.-Sir C. Lyttleton, Knt. 1662 Lt.-Gov.-Edward Morrison, Esq. T180n, Esq. 1811 President-Lt.-Col. Thomas Lynch 1664 Governor-William, Duke of Manchester 1813 Lt.-Gov.-Col. Edward Morgan 1664 Lt.-Gov.-Major-Gen. Henry Conran 1821 Governor-Sir T. Modyford, Bart. Lt.-Gov.--Sir Thomas Lynch, Knt. 1671 Lt.-Gov.-Major-Gen. Sir J. Keane 1827 Lt.-Gov.--Sir Henry Morgan, Knt. 1675 Governor-Somerset Lowry, Earl of Bel- Governor--Lord Vaughan 1675 - 1829 Lt.-Gov.-Sir Henry Morgan, Knt. 1678 President-George Cuthbert, Esq. 1832 Governor-Charles, Earl of Carlisle 1678 |Governor-C, Henry, Earl of Mulgrave 1832 Lt.-Gov.--Sir Henry Morgan, Knt. 1680 President-George Cuthbert, Esq. 1834 Governor-Sir T. Lynch, Knt. 1682 Lt.-Gov.-Major-Gen. Sir Amos Norcot 1834 Lt.-Gov.-Col. Hender Molesworth 1684 Governor-Howe Peter, Marquis of Sligo 1834 Governor-Christopher, Duke of Albe. Governor-Lt.-Gen. Sir Lionel Smith, marle 1687 Bart., K.C.B. - - 1836 President-Sir Francis Watson 1688 Governor-Sir C.T. Metcalfe, Bart.K.C.B.1839 Governor-William, Earl of Inchiquin 1690 Governor James, Earl of Elgin - 1842 President John White, Esq. 1692 Lt.-Gov.-Major-Gen. Berkeley 1846 President-John Bourden, Esq. 1692 Governor-Sir Charles Edw. Grey, K.H. 1846 Lt.-Gov.-Sir William Beeston, Knt. 1693 Governor--Sir Henry Barkly, K.C.B. 1863 Governor-Sir William Beeston, Knt. 1700 Lt.-Gov.-Major-Gen. E. Wells Bell 1856 Governor-Major-Gen. William Selwyn 1702 Governor-Charles Henry Darling, Esq. 1857 Lt.-Gov.-Peter Beckford, Esq. 1702 | Lt.-Gov.-Edward John Eyre, Esq. 1862 Lt.-Gov.-Colonel T. Handasyd 1703 Governor-Edward John Eyre, Esq. 1864 Governor-Colonel T. Handasyd 1701 | Governor—Sir Henry Storks, K.C.B., Governor-Lord Archibald Hamilton 1711 G.C.M.G. 1866 Governor-Peter Heywood, Esq. 1716 Governor-Sir John Peter Grant, K.C.B. 1866 Governor-Sir Nicholas Lawes, Knt. 1718 Lt.-Gov,-Major-Gen. O'Connor, C.B. 1867 Governor-Henry, Duke of Portland 1722 Governor-Sir John Peter Grant, K.C.B. 1867 President-John Ayscough, Esq. 1726 | Adm.-Gov.-Edw. E. Rushworth, Esq., Governor-Major-Gen. R. Hunter 1728 D.C.L., C.M.G. President John Ayscough, Esq. 1734 Governor-Sir John Peter Grant, K.C.B. 1870 President John Gregory, Esq. 1735 | Adm.-Gov.- Edw. E. Rushworth, Esq., Governor-Henry Cunningham, Esq. 1735 D.C.L., C.M.G. - 1872 President-John Gregory, Esq. 1735 Governor--Sir John Peter Grant, K.C.B. 1873 Governor-Edward Trelawney, Esq. 1738 Adm.-Gov.-W. A. G. Young, Esq. 1874 Lt.-Gov.-John Stewart, Esq. 1742|Governor-Sir William Grey, K.C.S.I. 1874 Governor-Edward Trelawney, Esq. 1742 Lt.-Gov.-Edw. E. Rushworth, Esq., President-John Gregory, Esq. 1747 D.C.L., C.M.G. 1877 Governor-Edward Trelawney, Esq. 1747 Adm.-Gov.—Major-Gen. Mann, R.E., Governor--Adm). Charles Knowles, R.N.1751 C.M.G. 1877 Lt.-Gov.-Henry Moore, Esq. 1756 Governor-Sir Anthony Musgrave, Governor-General George Haldane 1759 | K.C.M.G. Lt.-Gov.-Henry Moore, Esq. 1759 Lt.-Gov.--Edward Newton, Esq.,C.M.G. 1879 Governor-Wm. Henry Lyttleton, Esq. 1762 Governor-Sir Anthony Musgrave, Lt.-Gov.-Roger Hope Elletson, Esq. 1766 K.C.M.G. Governor-Sir W. Trelawny, Bart. 1768 Adm.-Gov.-Colonel S. M. Wiseman Lt.-Gov.-Lt.-Colonel John Dalling 1772 Clarke 1883 Governor-Sir Basil Keith, Knt. 1774 Adm.-Gov.-Major-Gen. Gamble, C.B. 1883 Lt..Gov.-Colonel Dalling 1777 | Governor--Sir H. W. Norman, G.C.B., Governor--Major-Gen. John Dalling 1778 G.C.M.G., C.I.E. - 1883 Lt.-Gov.-Major-Gen. A. Campbell 1781 Adm.-Gov.-Col. W.C. Justice, C.M.G. 1888 Governor-Major-Gen. A. Campbell 1783 Governor-Sir H. A. Blake, K.C.M.G. 1888 Lt.-Gov.-Brigadier-Gen. Alured Clark 1784 Adm.-Gov.-Major-Gen. W. Black, C.B. 1891 Governor-Thomas, Earl of Effingham 1790 Governor-Sir H. A. Blake, K.C.M.G. 1891 -" 1870 1877 hör-Sir Anthony Musg 1880 114 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA, ADMISSION INTO THE CIVIL SERVICE OF JAMAICA. Up to the year 1885 vacancies in the Junior or Third Class Clerkships in the several Departments of the Public Service of Jamaica were filled up by appoint- ments made by the Governor, generally on the recommendation of the Head of the Department concerned. The Royal Finance Commissioners of 1882, however, in their report expressed their opinion that it would be well if the principle of open competition for posts in the Public Service of the colony were adopted; and the Secretary of State for the Colonies approved of their recommendations to the extent of submitting for the consideration of the Governor the advisability of introducing a system of Compe- titive Examination of nominated candidates. The matter was referred by Sir Henry Norman in 1884 to the Schools Commission who made a report on the sub- ject, recommending a scheme of Competitive Examination among candidates to be nominated by the Governor. The report was approved of by Sir Henry Norman with the exception that the competition was changed to an open competition, the candidates not requiring to obtain nomination, and was put into operation in the year 1885, with the approval of the Secretary of State for the Colonies. The Schools Commissioners were appointed by the Governor to be the Board to conduct the Exa- minations, the first of which was held in October, 1885, when 12 candidates com. peted for 8 vacancies. The second Examination was held from 27th September till 2nd October, 1886, when 7 candidates competed and 4 appointments were made. The third Competitive Examination was held in March, 1888, when 15 Candidates competed for 15 vacancies. The fourth was held in October, 1889, when 27 Candidates competed and 22 appointments were made ; the fifth in October, 1890, when 18 Can- didates competed and 18 appointments were made ; and the sixth was held in Octo- ber, 1891, when 28 candidates competed and 20 appointments were made. In each case there have been additional Candidates who have failed to pass the Preliminary Examination. The successful Candidates have been on each occasion permitted to select the offices to which they desired to be appointed, according to the position taken by them at the final Examination. This system of entirely open competition was, however, the subject of adverse criticism at the hands of official and elected members of the Legislature in March, 1890, and the Schools Commissioners on the request of the Governor have submitted a further report, containing certain additional recommendations, which report is still under the consideration of the Government. The following notices, which have been published in the Jamaica Gazette, will show fully the scheme of, and the arrangements for the Competitive Examina- tions as at present in force :- “11th February, 1885. “The Governor directs it to be notified, for general information, that with the Banction of the Secretary of State for the Colonies first appointments to Third Class Clerkships in the Public Service will in future be made by open competition under Regulations to be hereafter announced. This rule will be strictly applied in the case of all such future appointments, with the exception that a relaxation of it may be allowed at the discretion of the Governor in the cases of gentlemen who are now officiating in Public Offices to the satisfaction of the Head of their Department, and with the exception also that it shall be open to the Governor in any one year to appoint two sons of deserving public servants of the colony to Third Class Clerk- ships, provided they pass a qualifying examination and produce satisfactory certifi- cates as to health and character. “It is also announced that appointments of successful Candidates to Third Class Clerkships will be probationary for six inonths and that permanent appointment will depend upon proved fitness of the Candidate during this probationary period. " This rule as to a probationary period of service and the production of satisfac- tory certificates as to health and character will apply generally to first appointments to lower grades of the Public Service other than Clerkships. “ The first Examination of Candidates who may desire to compete for Clerkships will probably take place in the month of October next.” • CIVIL SERVICE. 115 “15th April, 1885. “ The Governor directs the publication, for general information, of the following Order authorizing the Examination of Candidates for Third Class Clerkships in the Civil Service of Jamaica :- Order by the Governor authorizing Ecamination for entrance into the Civil Service of Jamaica. “ Whereas it is expedient to make provision for testing, according to fixed rules, the qualification of the young men who may from time to time be proposed to be appointed to Third Class Clerkships in the Civil Service of the Island : ** I. Now, therefore, the Jamaica Schools Commissioners are hereby appointed to be the Board to conduct such Examinations and shall hold their offices during the pleasure of the Governor, and shall have power, subject to the approval of the Go- vernor, to appoint from time to time such Assistant Examiners and others as may be required to assist them in the performance of the duties hereinafter assigned to them. “II. And it is hereby ordered that (except as may be excepted in the Schedules marked B and C annexed hereto) the qualitications of all such persons as may be proposed to be appointed, either permanently or temporarily, to any Third Class Clerkship in any Department of the Civil Service shall, before they are employed, be tested by or under the directions of the said Commissioners ; and no person except as aforesaid shall be employed as a Third Class Clerk in any Department of the Civil Service until he shall have been reported by the said Commissioners to be qualified to be admitted on probation to such situation or employment. “III. No person shall be appointed to any Third Class Clerkship in any Depart- ment of the Civil Service until he shall be reported by the said Commissioners to have satisfied them “ 1st. That he is within the limits of age prescribed. “ 2nd. That he is free from any physical defect or disease which would be likely to interfere with the proper discharge of his duties. “ 3rd. That his character is such as to qualify him for such situation or employ. ment. “ 4th. That he possesses the requisite knowledge and ability to enter on the dis- charge of his official duties. “IV. Except as hereinafter is excepted, all appointments which it may be neces. sary to make hereafter to any of the situations included or to be included in Sche. dule A to this Order annexed shall be made by means of Competitive Examinations, according to Regulations to be framed from time to time by the said Commissioners and approved by the Governor, open to all persons (of the requisite age, health, character and other qualifications prescribed in the said Regulations) who may be desirous of attending the same, subject to the payment of such fee as the said Com- missioners, with the consent of the Governor, may from time to time require. Such Examinations to be held at such periods as the said Commissioners, with the approval of the Governor, shall from time to time determine, and shall have reference to such a number of vacancies as the Governor shall notify to the Commissioners as either existing at the time of the Examinations or estimated to occur within the period of six months after the Examinations, after deducting the number, if any, of persons who have previously been reported as having satisfied the Commissioners and have not yet obtained appointments. «V. After the Candidate has passed his Examination, and has been reported by the said Commissioners to be qualified to be admitted on probation to a Third Class Clerkship, and has been admitted, he shall enter on a six months' period of proba- tion, during which his conduct and capacity in the transaction of business shall be subjected to such tests as may be determined by the Head of the Department to which he is admitted, and he shall not be finally appointed to the Public Service unless his six months' probation shall furnish to the Head of his Department satis- factory proof of his fitness to be permanently employed in that Department. If any special circumstances make it in the opinion of the Governor desirable the proba- tionary period may be extended to twelve months. “ Schedule A. “ All Third Class Clerkships in offices. 116 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA, “Schedule B. “ Situations exempt from the operation of this Order. “ All situations in which it may become necessary, in order to meet the exigencies of the Public Service, to employ temporarily so long as that necessity lasts person who have not been reported as having satisfied the said Commissioners, provided that such employment shall have the previous approval of the Governor ; and be discon- tinued as soon as such Commissioners are able to supply the Service conformably to this Order. A relaxation of this rule may be allowed at the discretion of the Governor in the case of gentlemen who were officiating in Public Offices on the 11th February, 1885, to the satisfaction of the Head of their Department. “Schedule C. “ Two persons, sons of deserving public servants in the colony, may be nominated by the Governor in each year if he so desire, who shall be exempt from the necessity to obtain their appointments by competition, but who shall submit themselves to the same Examination as the other Candidates, to satisfy the Commissioners that they are qualified by their attainments for the Public Service, and who must satisfy them that they meet their requirements as to health, age and moral character in precisely the same way as is required from other Candidates."* “5th May, 1885. " With reference to Paragraph IV. of the Governor's Order appointing the Jamaica Schools Commission to be the Board to conduct the Examinations for entrance to the Civil Service of Jamaica it is hereby notified, for general information, that the Go- vernor has approved of the following Regulations which have been drawn up by the Schools Commissioners for conducting such Examinations :- “CIVIL SERVICE EXAMINATION REGULATIONS. “ Regulations respecting Competitive Examinations held under the Governor's Order of 5th April, 1885, for Third Class Clerkships in the Civil Service. “ N.B.-The Regulations are liable to alteration for future Examinations. “1. Competitive Examinations of Candidates for Third Class Clerkships in Jamaica will be held from time to time at such places in Jamaica as may be deemed expedient, “2. These Examinations are open to all natural born subjects of Her Majesty, being of the prescribed age and good health and character. “ 3. A fee of five shillings will be required from every Candidate attending a Pre- liminary Examination and a further fee of one pound from every Candidate admitted to the Competitive Examination, « 4. Candidates must be over 16 and under 20 years of age on the 1st day of October in the year in which they present themselves for the Competitive Examination. “5. No Candidate can be admitted to the Competitive Examination who has not previously satisfied the Schools Commissioners that he is of the prescribed age and of good health and character, and also that he possesses the requisite amount of profi- ciency in Handwriting, Orthography, Arithmetic, and English Composition. With this view Preliminary Examinations in these subjects will be held at such times and places as the Commissioners may appoint. Application for permission to attend one of these Preliminary Examinations must be made in the writing of the Candidate at such times and in such manner as may be fixed by the Commissioners. “6. The subjects of the Competitive Examination will be as follow:- 1. Handwriting. 8. Digesting Returns into Summa- 2. Orthography. ries. 3. Arithmetic. 9. English History. 4. Copying MS. (to test accuracy.) 10. Book-keeping. 5. English Composition. 11. Latin. 6. Geography. 12. French, 7. Indexing or Docketing. 13. Algebra and Euclid. * The qualifying examination required to be passel by these candidates is at present the preliminary examination referred to in No. 5 of the “ Regulations." CIVIL SERVICE. 117 « The Papers in these subjects will be set and examined by the Civil Service Com- missioners in England. The Papers in subjects 1-10 will be identical with those set on the same days in England to Candidates for Men Clerkships of the lower divi- sion. The Latin will include the translation of unseen Latin passages into Eng- lish (Candidates being allowed the use of Dictionaries), grammatical questions, and the translation of easy English passages into Latin. The French, will include translation from French into English and English into French, with grammatical questions and oral examinations in conversation and writing from dictation. The Algebra will include questions on the ordinary Algebraical operations, on Proportion, Arithmetical, Geometrical and Harmonical Progression, on Surds, on Permutations and Combinations, on Equations and on the Binomial Theorem. The Euclid will include Books I-IV.: the Definitions of Book V.: Books VI. and XI., 1-21. None of these subjects are obligatory. The Candidate may offer himself for examination in as many as he chooses. “7. The number of persons to be selected at each Examination will be published as a part of the notice of every such Examination. On receiving the results of the Competitive Examination from the Civil Service Commission in England the Schools Commission will publish a list of the Competitors in order, with the marks which they have obtained; but will only publish names in the case of those at the head of the list who are the successful Candidates. “8. The Schools Commissioners will forward the list of the successful Candidates to the Colonial Secretary; and on the application of Departments having vacancies the Colonial Secretary will supply on probation the requisite Clerks whether for permanent or temporary duty. Selections will be made by him according to the order of names on this list. “9. No Clerk will ordinarily remain more than six months in any Department unless the Head of the Department shall at the end of that time signify in writing to the Governor that the Clerk is accepted by the Department as fit for employment in it; but if any special circumstances make it in the opinion of the Governor de- sirable the probationary period may be extended to twelve months. “ E. JAMAICA, Chairman Schools Commission. “H. H. HOCKING, Vice-Chairman. “ RobT. JOHNSTONE, Secretary.” 1st July, 1885. With reference to the “ Regulations respecting Competitive Examinations held “ under the Governor's Order of 5th April, 1885, for Third Class Clerkships in the “ Civil Service," published in the Gazette of 5th May, 1885, it is hereby notified, for general information, that the Governor has approved of the following addition to No. 2 of such Regulations, viz. :- “N.B.-Persons who have been educated at a Normal School for training teachers, aided from public funds, will not be eligible for a public appointment, as the result of a successful Competitive Examination till they have repaid the amount thus expended on their training." RobT. JOHNSTONE, Secretary Schools Commission. 17th January, 1887. With reference to Government Notice No. 171, dated the 5th May, 1885, pub- lished in the issue of the Jamaica Gazette of 7th May, 1885, it is hereby notified, for general information, that the Governor has approved of the following addition to Rule 7 of the Civil Service Examination Regulations published with the above mentioned Notice :- «Should there be any vacancies actually existing at the date of the receipt of the results of an Examination in excess of the number published before the Examination these vacancies will also be filled up from the Competitors at that Examination, pro- vided they pass the qualifying Examination. 118 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. “Submitted by direction of the Jamaica Schools Commission for approval of the Governor. ROBERT JOHNSTONE, Secretary Schools Commission.” “ 27th August, 1889. “It is hereby notified, for general information, that the Governor has approved of the following addition to No. 6 of the Civil Service Examination Regulations, published under Government Notice No. 171 of 5th May, 1885:- « The results of the Competitive Examination will be arrived at in the following way: The minimum number of marks in each subject will be deducted from the total number of marks obtained by a Candidate in that subject and the remainder, or the number of marks obtained above the minimum, will be the number of marks in that subject which the Candidate will be allowed to score. It will therefore be of no advantage to a Candidate to take up a subject in which he cannot gain the minimum number of marks.” Under an Order made by the Governor on 28th June, 1886, no first appointments will be made to the offices of Sub-Inspector of Constabulary, Landing Waiter, Locker and Gauger, or Assistant Collector of Taxes unless the Candidates have satisfied the School Commissioners on the points detailed in Rule III. of the “Order" above quoted and have passed the preliminary examination referred to in the foregoing Regulation. Candidates for the Constabulary must also satisfy the Governor that they are good riders. The limits of age for the above appointments, in the absence of satisfactory previous Public Service, were at the same time fixed at between 18 and 25 years. Table showing the Results of an Open Competitive Epamination held on the 28th and following days of October, 1889. Name. | Compound Addition. Arithmetic. 3 | Orthography. _ Copying Manuscript. $| Handwriting. Š English Composition. Geography. | Digesting Returns into Ž | Indexing. Summaries. English History. Ž | Book-keeping. ŽEuclid and Algebra. Latin. * French. Total, 10040 200 200 200/2001 200 200 200 300 300 300 3,500 Maximum 1 Michelin, W. P. 2 Gauntlett, 0. G. 3 Jackson, F. E. 4 Payne, R. H. R. 5 Eves, F. A. D. 6 Phillips, R. H. 7 Cox, E. F. H. 8 Cathcart, W. H. B. 9 Fletcher, R. H. 10 Nicholas, F. L. 11 Mends, A. 12 Shaw, G. S. 13 De Pass, O. L. 14 Windett, F. L. 15 Davis, F.J. W. 16 Banbury, A. J. R. 17 Aarons, M. H. 18 Armstrong, W. E. 19 Seaton, D. J. 20 O'Meally, A. A. 21 Macdermot, A. 22 Pullar, E. F. A. 92 250 265 146 103 127 115 80 581 99221154200 2,151 131 37 338 266 143 131 125 80 92 35 22 211 156 167 1,937 121 49 307 250 138 165 3100 68 100 0173 173 173 1,820 | 94 84 325 268 95 114 103 100 105 83 35 103 21 88 1,620 118 70127 273 161143111 88 39 32 55 145 72 166 1.600 45 48 345258 118 1:22 73 75 74 102 55111 10 63 1,499 28 44 308 255 107 128 90113 62 120 30 48 0138 1,471 0 35 225 275 118 154 120 100 83 61 573 85 104 1,438 59 181195 218 100 118 44 55 61 71 18 189 1.394 45 31 232 223 37 113 32 135 73 150 108 76 1,328 09339235 40 103 67 58 72 72 60113 60 14 1,242 70 54 175 245 74 87 52 53 65 61 105 109 1,233 95 93 240 225 55 67 106 90 1,212 20 12 50 189103 163 82110 1,210 60 39 300243 88 162 135 113 1,209 75 28 263238) 21140 96 90 1,142 25 46 188 225 70121 86 78 1,108 151 4258 240 93 110 4 65 1,089 65 39295 223 102 95 107 48 1,082 70 38 295 103 137 152 103 987 040 532481 90 69 101 55 941 29 14 220 84134 81 85 925 Agora o OBOS T15 CIVIL SERVICE 119 Table showing the Results of an Open Competitive Examination held on the 27th of October and following days in the year 1890. The marks set opposite each candidate's name are those remaining after the minimum in each subject has been subtracted from the total gained by him. into Name. Digesting Return Summaries. English History. | Book-keeping. 3 Euclid and Algebra. is ģ Latin. ŏ French. No. Total. 80 | Arithmetic. 13 Compound Addition. Ž Copying Manuscript. Š | English Composition. | Geography. Ž Indexing. Siis Ooooo00oO OOSSA I 8 8 | Orthography. SE SOODE 083 5 3 1 § 3 Handwriting. 359 ther o o og s or an . co 1051 7810 0 . ons zo oo oo ...ooo..o Maximum 3,500 Minimum 45 40 40 40 40 40 40 60 60 60 1 Findlay, A. C. 249 42 15 134 31 0119 106 172 1,201 2 Henriques, G. A. 53 40 58 93 52 95 73 83 48 107 102 29 858 3 Royes, J. C. 190 29 54 3 3 .56 53 73 836 4 Strachan, A. F. M. 781 311 55 047 108 31 0 756 5 Isaacs, H. F. 136 54 72 115 30 88 662 6. Tomlinson, A. J. 103 8 13 56 105 110 158 636 7 Stone, R. Á. H. 36 65 42 71 73 57 0 69 634 8 Randall, J. E. 50 64 119 47 6 0 83 16 604 9 Borough, L. E. S. 461 084 77 0 603 10 Campbell, D. M. 556 11 Elliott, I. I. 466 12 Cox, H. P. C. 64 60 0 0 463 13 Laing, A. W. L. | 68 106 34 10 . 448 14 Suares, A. R. 365 15 Shirley, A. E. 340 16 McIntosh, A. C. 22 5 15 38 35 8 62 329 17 Cumming, W. D. G. 239 18 Millingen, E. A. 36 | 0 0 401 0 5 861 0 204 Table showing the Results of an Open Competitive Examination held on the 19th and following days of October, 1891. 1 Mellish, C. E. 101 150 0 36 80 35 91 26 20 0144 92 80 855 2 Voorly, C. W. 84 10 85 52 73 481 75 60 50 100 716 3 Logan, C. d. 136 511 4 Wynter, F. C. 130 467 5 Morle, H. A. K. 69 431 6 Williams, A. P. 108 411 401 7 Packer, A. H. 363 8 Gooden, F. T. 342 9 Burke, W. H. 334 10 Smith, K. A. 315 11 Seaton, R. E. 81 296 12 Levy, E.: 287 13 Moore, E.J. 86 271 14 Hopwood, L. A. 249 15 Kerr. E. G. C. 16 Carvalho, L. G. 17| Heron, G. W. 225 18 Minot, E. L. 216 19 Smith, J. A. G. 211 20 Mohrman, A. J. 093 01 01 18 - 21 0199 Woo SS 53 08800005000580080 ooooooo00100 moroso courtesy Cocow Sevelse! EEST L'o'loo''B''ol 'oo!! To'lon''@'lo's colliers 30,0,380,0 100000 11,0 56 47 241 232 Loo00oor 199 0 71 000 - * This Candidate whose medical papers were not completed before the Competitive Examination and who was allowed to go up, pending the result of his medical examination, has since been rejected having failed to pass the medical examination required. NOTE.- For the result of each of the previous Competitive Examinations see Handbook of 1889-90, page 214. The results of the Examination of 1892 were not known at time of printing. 120 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. P.M. A.M. 9 HOURS OF ATTENDANCE AT PUBLIC OFFICES. A.M. P.M. Í Colonial Secretariat · From Education . From Supreme Court Constabulary Collector-General's Office Prisons Customs 9 to 4 Registration • „ Stamp Office Treasury Post Office Audit Office Island Telegraphs . . 7 to 5 Savings Bank Public Works . , 9 to 4 Immigration Island Medical Office - Record Office 9 to 4 9 to 4 3 9 to 9.30 to 9 to 4.30 OFFICIAL CORRESPONDENCE. Persons in the colony, whether public functionaries or private individuals, who have any representations to make to Government should address them to the Gover- nor of the colony through the Colonial Secretary. The following are the Local Orders on the subject :- Governor's Secretary's Office, 7th February, 1866. The Captain-General and Governor-in-Chief requests that all persons having occasion to address His Excellency, or the different Departments of the Government, will do so on foolscap, or large paper, and in official terms. The practice of writing applications or communications on sheets of note paper, and in the form of private notes, is very inconvenient and contrary to official usage. His Excellency also requests that persons will sign their names in distinct characters, as much of his time is lost in endeavouring to decipher illegible signatures. By Command, EDWARD JORDON, Governor's Secretary. Colonial Secretary's Office, 5th March, 1878. The attention of the Governor having been called to the great number of petitions addressed to His Excellency on matters in which he cannot interfere, and to the preva. lent practice of affixing to petitions marks purporting to be those of the persons whose names are attached thereto, but unaccompanied by any authentication, and also to the fact, in some instances, that the names of persons have been subscribed to petitions with- out their knowledge, or that the petitioners have subsequently represented that their case has been mis-stated in their petitions, His Excellency has been pleased to direct it to be notified, for the information of those concerned, that in future no attention will, as a rule, be paid to any petition treating of a purely private matter, or of a question which either is in course of settlement or has been settled by a court of law, and no petition will be entitled to consideration which does not conform to the following rules as respects the signatures : 1. The marks of persons unable to write their own names must be attested by the signa- ture of some person of position, or of respectable character, as witness to the fact of such marks having been made in his or her presence, and that the person or persons was or were fully aware of the facts and objects of the documents to which the marks are so appended. 2. In the case of the names of persons being written for them in their absence, the name and abode of the persons assuming the power of attaching such signatures must be written at full length, and in the handwriting of such persons. Ministers of Religion, Schoolmasters, and others who are brought in communication with the humbler classes of petitioners are requested, when opportunity offers, to explain this requirement. By Command, E. N. WALKER, Acting Colonial Secretary. Ry Colonial Secretary's Office, 10th April, 1885. Petitions having been in many instances addressed in an informal manner to the Go- vernor and to the Governor in Council, it is hereby notified, for general information, that petitions can be conveniently addressed to His Excellency on all matters requiring ive action on the part of the Government; and that it will facilitate the considera tion of such petitions if they are enclosed to the Colonial Secretary in the first instance for submission to His Excellency. 2. Petitions to the Governor and Legislative Council may be sent by bodies or by in- dividuals to the Clerk of the Council, or they may be presented by any member of the Council when the Council is in session as required by the rules. By Command, J. ALLWOOD, Acting Colonial Secretary. PENSIONS. 121 Colonial Secretary's Office, 16th August, 1890. The Governor requests that all petitions and letters to His Excellency on questions of an official character, or requiring official action, may be addressed to the Colonial Secre- tary instead of being addressed to the Governor direct. By Command, NEALE PORTER, Colonial Secretary. 1893. HOLIDAYS AT PUBLIC OFFICES AND AT COLONIAL BANK. 1893. New Year's Day Jan. 1 Great Earthquake . • June 7 Ash Wednesday Feb. 15 Great Storm • Aug. 28 Good Friday • March 31 Christmas Day • Dec. 25 Easter Monday • April 3 The day after • Dec 26 Queen's Birthday • May 24 TRAVELLING ALLOWANCES TO PUBLIC OFFICERS. The following Regulations were issued on the 9th November, 1886, by Governor Sir Henry Norman, based on the Report of a Select Committee of the Legislative Council which was adopted by the Council on the 21st October, 1886, in regard to the reimbursement of expenses to officers in the Public Service who are required to travel on duty :- The following charges will be allowed:- i. The amount actually disbursed for hire of conveyance or for keep of man and horse, or for fares by railway, mail coach, or steamer, on an account to be rendered and to be supported by vouchers where practicable. ii. Officers using their own vehicles and horses, instead of hiring or travelling by public conveyance, fifteen shillings a day. iii. In addition to either of the foregoing a daily allowance to cover all personal expenses of 20s. to Heads of Departments and of 15s. to all other officers. In cases, however, in which the duty permits of the officer returning to his home or office on the same day only actual expenses disbursed. All claims are to be accompanied by a daily itinerary of the route travelled. Until further orders the following officers are excepted from the operation of this scale :- (a.) Judges and other Officers of Courts who now receive either fixed amounts allowances or rates; (6.) The Inspector of Schools, the Government Surveyor, and the Assistant Government Surveyor, who under the letters of their respective appoint- ments draw a fixed allowance ; (c.) District Engineers, to whom a special annual allowance has been made as more suitable, or whose salaries have been fixed to include cost of travelling; (d.) Inspectors of Immigrants who draw one shilling for every mile travelled ; (e.) Assistant Inspectors of Schools who also have a fixed annual allowance as more suitable; (f.) Inspectors of Police who have a daily forage allowance as more suitable and a special allowance when out of their districts; (9.) Officers of the Internal Revenue Department who have limited fixed al- lowances. PENSIONS AND GRATUITIES. Up to the time of the passing of Law 34 of 1885 (the 16th November, 1885,) all applications from Officers in the Public Service of Jamaica for pensions and gratui- ties were dealt with under the Imperial Superannuation Acts, the various Treasury Minutes thereunder and certain Regulations drawn up in the year 1879, known as the “ Jamaica Pension Regulations." _Note-For Government Regulations for the guidance of the Civil Servants of the Colony, see page 25 of Handbook of 1882. 122 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. Provision was made by Law 34 of 1885 for the granting of pensions and gratui- ties to Officers who were in the Public Service at the time of the passing of that law and who may thereafter retire from the same, as well as for securing and making permanent the pensions which had been previously granted and had appeared annu- ally in the Estimates. No provision was made in the law for any pension or gratui- ties to persons who may enter the Public Service after the passing of this law.* These cases are now provided for by Law 26 of 1892, under which Public Offices who may elect to contribute 2 ojo from their salaries towards a Pension Fund, are entitled to pension on their retirement. • PENSIONERS. Name. Office from which Retired, Date of Annual Rate Service for which Pension Commencement of Pepsion. . Granted, &c. of Pension. DISTURBANCES IN 1865. £ 150 s. d. 0 0 Sufferer by the Disturbances 1st Jan., '66 Mrs. L. Alberga E. N. Harrison R. G. Harrison Mrs. T. F. Herschell J. W. Rutty Mrs. C. E, Reid W, W. McGowan 25th March, '66 75 00 25 0 0 75 00 200 397 0 0 CHARITABLE ALLOWANCES. Catherine McGhie Catherine Price 1st Oct., '85 12 0 0 20 0 0 32 0 0 PERSONS WHOSE OFFICES HAVE BEEN ABOLISHED. 85 0 130 6 280 0 357 15 393 6 221 0 0 8 0 6 (1.) Ecclesiastical- G. T. Braine Island Curate 12th Aug., °73 R. B. Lynch Island Curate 9th Oct., '75 J. Williams Island Curate ... 11th March, '77 A. G. Davidson Rector Hanover Ist Nov., 77 D. R. Morris Rector St. James 1st Jan., '81 H. Scotland Island Curate 1st June, '91 (2.) General- H. W. Àustin ... Receiver-General 17th April, '68 G. B. Pennell ... Deputy Director of Roads 1st June, '68 Solomon D. Lindo ... Clerk of the Peace St. Mary 1st Oct., '68 Dr. J. Deleon Coroner St. James ... 1st Oct., '68 Edward Kemble Puisne Judge 1st Feb., '70 S. C. Burke Clerk of the Peace and Magistrates' Clerk Met- calfe Matthew S. Farquharson ... Ditto Clarendon E. B. Lynch Clerk St. Ann's Bay District Court 1st Sep., °72 G. Ffrench Collector of Taxes 1st Jan., '80 J. Sherbon . Accountant Director of Roads' Office ... 1st Oct., '81 William Gray Superintendent St. Ann's Bay Short Term Prison ... 1st Aug., '85 380 100 0 100 8 6000 000 ocooo 145 0 0 84 94 116 0 0 50 12 8 * For Law see Handbook of 1887-88, pages 218-220, PENSIONS. 123 PENSIONERS, continued. Name. Office from which Retired, Date of Service for which Pension Commencement Granted, &c. of Pension, Annual Rate of Pension, £ 5. d, PERSONS WHOSE OFFICES HAVE BEEN ABOLISHED, continued. Mary Wilkins Matron Mandeville District Prison 15th July, '85 Sarah Gray Matron St. Ann's Bay Short Term Prison 19th July, '88 Henry Thomas Superintendent Montego Bay Short Term Prison ... 1st Aug., '85 Eleanor Wilson Matron Montego Bay Short Term Prison 15th July, '85 Elizabeth A. Dryden Matron Lock Hospital ... 1st Oct., '87 R. Elworthy Head Master Buff Bay School 1st July, '88 J. T. Wigham Stipendiary Magistrate, Portland 1st April, '88 James Dayes Clerk City of Kingston Court 1st April, '88 W.G. McFarlane ... Clerk Central District Court 1st April, '88 C.F. Douet Principal Government | Training College 1st Jan., '91 T. P. Cox Tutor Government Train- ing College 1st Jan., '91 J. H. E. Llewellyn Assistant ditto 1st Jan., '91 K. H. A. Mainwaring ... Stipendiary Magistrate, Kingston 1st June, '91 Total for offices abolished 6 13 4 8.10 63 14 0 3 10 8 20 8 4 156 10 7 2000 184 0 0 2600 66 % 2 143 2 46 01 9000 £4,393 19 11 136 16 230 0 6 0 47 2 11 53 11 0 15 12 21 2 0 0 73 6 250 0 163 6 8 0 8 OFFICERS RETIRING FROM THE SERVICE IN USUAL | ROUTINE SINCE 1866, AND WHOSE PLACES HAVE BEEN FILLED UP. William Ewen . Collector of Taxes West- moreland 8th March, '70 John W. Straton Auditor-General ... 2nd March, '75 J. Levy ... Chief Subordinate Officer General Penitentiary ... 1st Oct., '75 Ann E. Freshney Matron Lunatic Asylum ... 1st Dec., '75 M. Whitmore Head Attendant Lunatic Asylum 1st Oct., '77 S. D. Scholar Matron GeneralPenitentiary 12th March, '78 S.S. Plues Chief Clerk Governor's Secretary's Office 13th March, '78 O. Rampini District Court Judge 20th March, '78 R. Thomson Botanic Gardener 1st Sep., '78 F.J. Stephenson Chief Clerk Customs King- ston 1st Oct., '78 Thomas Kilby Sub-Officer St. Catherine District Prison 1st Feb, '79 J. Duncan Superintendent of Roads and Works 21st Feb., '79 T. S. Cushnie Head Night Watchman General Penitentiary ... 17th March, '79 H. M. Hall Assistant Clerk Kingston District Court 1st May, '79 Dr. John Wilson Parochial Medical Officer, St. James 1st Nov., '79 George Ffrench Collector of Taxes West- moreland ... 1st Jan., '80 Joseph McLeod Subordinate Officer Fal- | mouth District Prison ... 1st March, '80 104 3 4 14 0 0 66 13 4 31 5 8 36 134 70 00 1200 2070 I 2 124 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. PENSIONERS, continued. Name. Age at Office from which Retired, Date of time on Annual Rate Service for which Pension Commencement Retire of Pension. Granted, &c. of Pension. ment. £ 8. d. 326 13 4 41 18 7 18 0 0 90 00 17 13 10 160 00 44 6 6 8 19 11 18 o 23 2 OFFICERS RETIRING FROM THE SERVICE, continued. John Savage Inspector of Schools ... 1st Oct., '80 Robert Matthews ... Master Carpenter General | Penitentiary 21st Aug., '80 Eliza R. Scott Postmistress Black River 1st Oct., '80 William Martin Superintendent Middlesex and Surry County Gaol ... 1st Nov., '80 Janet M'Tavish Keeper Court House Black River 13th March, '81 F. S. Chamberlaine ... Collector of Customs Sav.- la-Mar 1st Sep., '81 P. Stowe ... Master Blacksmith General Penitentiary 1st Jan., '82 Mary Watt Nurse Lunatic Asylum .. 25th Mar., '82 Francis Reid Messenger Colonial Secre- tary's Office 8th April, '82 C. G. Thompson Matron Reformatory ... 15th June, '82 M. S. Farquharson Clerk Petty Sessions Cla- rendon 1st Oct., '82 Francis Hopkins Taskmaster St. Catherine's District Prison 3rd April, '83 E. Newton Lieutenant-Governor and Colonial Secretary ... 7th June, '83 J. Leslie Head Turnkey Hanover District Prison 1st July, '83 R. S. Cooper Messenger Legislative Council 1st Oct., '83 Police Pensions (Old Force) C. Hutchinson Nurse Lunatic Asylum ... 16th Nov., '83 T. McKay Officer St. Catherine Dis- trict Prison ... 1st Dec., '83 S. Edwards Nurse Lunatic Asylum ... 8th Mar., '84 E. Moore Nurse Lunatic Asylum ... 1st April, '84 W. Y. Garsia* Inspector of Immigrants...) 12th Nov., '74 J. Adolphus District Medical Officer St. Elizabeth 1st Nov., '84 W. A. Hamilton .... Collector of Taxes Man. chester 1st April, '85 T. Brown | Subordinate Officer Gene- Tral Penitentiary 1st May, '85 Samuel Hinds Head Turnkey St. Cathe- rine District Prison ... 1st Aug., '85 Wm. Flemmings Subordinate Officer General Penitentiary 12th Sep., '85 H. D. Lawes Late Dispenser General Penitentiary 20th April, '86 J. R. Mann ... Director Public Works ... 1st Nov., '86 Lydia Henriques ... Matron Lepers' Home ... 1st April, '87 William A. Wilson ... Subordinate Officer General Penitentiary ... 1st May, '87 H. Jervis* Inspector of Immigrants ... 1st June, '81 James M. Facey Clerk Eastern District Court 1st April, '87 St. Leger Tivy ... Inspector of Constabulary 1st July, '87 G. G. Little District Court Judge ... 12th July, '87 C. McHardyt. Salesman General Peniten- tiary 19th Nov., '87 T. W. Rodgers ... / Asst. Collector Taxes ...7th Nov., '87 Felix Gordon Customs Boatman 7th Nov., '86 E. A. Fulford Customs Officer Falmouth | 7th Jan., '88 176 0 0 16 16 0 7 16 0 36 6 8 7 16 0 130 6 10 6 10 DOWO WOOOo ooo on Haw000 000 ooooo oo Fo o o oco no 133 6 624 201 13 4 43 16 2 19 5 9 18 0 6 56 8 450 0 18 0 13 1 9 30 00 200 0 0 156 10 6 531 13 64 0 * Paid out of Immigration Funds. Pension reduced. PENSIONS. 126 PENSIONERS, continued. Name. Age at Office from which Retired, Date of time of Annual Rate Service for which Pension Commencement Retire of Pension, Granted, &c. of Pension. ment. £ 8. d. 383 3 4 96 0 0 49 16 7 5 4 0 16 0 0 14 8 0 13 17 6 666 13 126 16 9 66 0 0 2000 42 3 6 8 2 0 100 1700 200 0 0 20 0 0 120 00 ovo e non sono owoooo on wo oo 15 OFFICERS RETIRING FROM THE SERVICE, continued. William Ernst ... District Court Judge ... 2 April, '85 James Bailey Foreman Platelayer, Ja- maica Railway 27th April, '88 Eliza Hyde Matron Lunatic Asylum ... 1st March, '88 Clarissa Kay Nurse Lunatic Asylum ... 20th July, '88 John Coote Runner Internal Revenue Department 18t Nov., '88 Chas. Williamson Runner Internal Revenue Department 1st Oct., '88 Jno. Cunningham Runner Internal Revenue Department 13th Oct., '88 Richard Gillard Collector General 1st Jan., '89 W. S. Groves First Class Superintenent of Roads 26th Feb., '89 A. R. Fitch Out-Door Officer Customs 1st Sept., '89 T, Bravo Parochial Treasurer of Cla- rendon 15th Sept., '89 W. B. Mais ... Clerk Audit Office 25th July, '89 W. Irving Runner Internal Revenue Department 1st March, '89 G. N. Brodwick Inspector of Police ... 1st March, '90 W. Allwood ... Clerk Colonial Secretary's 1. Office 1st April, '90 R. L. Rivett* Inspector of Police 1st April, '90 C. E. Bodden Postmistress 16th April, '90 S. C. Burke Crown Solicitor 1st May, '90 R. A. Silvera Government Dispenser ... 1st Sept., '90 Alex. Gordon ... Injuries received when working on the Public! 25th June, '73 Roads J. W. Ramsay Runner Revenue Depart- ment 9th May, '90 Jas. Hall Custom's Bostman 11th May, '90 James Murdoch Sub-Officer General Peni. tentiary 1st June, '90 C. J. Mathie Runner Revenue Depart. ment 1st June, '90 Henry Lee Secretary Water Commis- sioners, Kingston 7th Aug., '90 Diana Nelson Nurse, Hospital 1st Sept., '90 G. Dunn Customs Boatman 7th Sept., '90 J. J. Bowreyt ...Curator Jamaica Institute... 1st Oct.. '90 A. E. Robertson Postmistress 8th Nov., '90 S. Pinnock ... Sub-Officer Boys' Reforma- tory 14th Dec., '90 A. W. Lundie Customs 1st Jan., '91 Ann Mercier Hospital Nurse 25th Jan., '91 R. Arrowsmith Public Works 1st April, '91 A. Cheeseborough Hospital Nurse H. W. Griffith ... Warden Pub-Hospital ... 16th June, '91 W. R. Burke Assistant Collector of Taxes 1st July, '91 Ann Allgrave Messenger Girls' Reforma- tory 4th July, '91 Eliza Reid Hospital Nurse 19th July, '91 C. Plummer Assistant Inspector of Schools 1st Aug., '91 J, H. Dodd District Engineer 1st Dec., '91 W. S. Spence Customs Officer ... 1st Feb., '92 J, B. Cameron Revenue Runner ... 1st April, '92 Chas. Wood Customs Officer ... 6th April, '92 Total for Officers retiring since 1866, &c. # Law 25 of 1890. t Paid out of Jamaica Instituto Funds. 0 0 0 00 0000 0000 0000 00Hoon 12 100 0 8 17 48 16 142 5 11 6 11 7 12 7 112 10 0 208 13 8 627 C 14 8 0 103 16 8 7,978 13 7 Onco 126 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. COLONIAL SECRETARY'S OFFICE. . As a consequence of the change in the Constitution of the Island in 1865 one of the first steps taken was the reconstruction of the administrative system, in confor- mity with the form of government to be brought into operation. By an Order of the Queen in Council, dated 11th June, 1866, the offices of Colo- nial Secretary and of Financial Secretary were created and the duties up to that time exercised by the Executive Committee, together with those previously per. formed by the Governor's Secretary and new duties arising out of the altered form of administration, devolved upon these officers, who were each assigned, by Law 3 of 1866, a salary of £1,500. The office of Revenue Commissioner was also created by Law 8 of 1866, the per- formance of the duties thereof, which were in the nature of a direct supervision of the Revenue Department, being required of the Financial Secretary. As in 1870 the finances of the colony had been satisfactorily reorganized, and a complete reconstruction of the Revenue Departments had been secured, whereby the necessity for the special services of a Financial Secretary no longer existed, the opportunity was taken on the occurrence of a vacancy in the office of Colonial Secre- tary to abolish the office of Financial Secretary and to transfer its duties to the Colonial Secretary, whose salary was then fixed, upon special grounds, at £2,000 per annum, £1,500 being fixed as the stipend of any future holder of the office. This change was effected by Law 7 of 1870, and provision was at the same time made for the appointment of an Assistant Colonial Secretary. The staff of the two Secreta- riats was then united. On the occurrence of a vacancy in 1883 in the office of Co- lonial Secretary by the resignation of Mr, Newton, Mr. Walker was appointed to the office at the reduced salary of £1,300 a year; and, as the result of the Report of the Royal Commissioners, the salaries of the offices of Assistant Colonial Secre- tary and of Chief Clerk were in 1884 reduced to £700 and £500 a year, respectively. ESTABLISHMENT OF THE COLONIAL SECRETARIAT. Office. Name of Holder. Salary and other Emolument. Date of First Appointment to Public Service. Colonial Secretary . Asst. Colonial Secretary Chief Clerk First Class Clerk Ditto Ditto Second Class Clerk Ditto Ditto Third Class Clerk Ditto Ditto Sorting Clerk Copyist Hon. Neale Porter, C.M.G. James Allwood S. P, Musson F. S. Sanguinetti T. L. Roxburgh J. B, Lucie Smith Alfred Cork J. M. Casserly G. M. Wortley L. Sutton F. L, Pearce L. J, Stone J. F. Osmond (Vacant) £1,300 0 0 700 0 0 500 0 0 400 0 0 400 0 0 340 00 300 0 0 0 0 180 0 0 140 00 120 00 100 0 0 78 0 0 March, '69 July, '62 1st April, '66 10th Sep., '63 1st Jan., '82 3rd March, '72 1st May, '76 29th Aug., '78 1st April, '80 22nd April, '81* 19th Aug., '847 14th Feb., '878 22nd April, '92 24 PUBLIC WORKS DEPARTMENT, MAIN ROADS AND BRIDGES. AMONG the first of the statutes that were passed after the English conquest of Jamaica was “ An Act for the Highways” (1681). These highways were kept in repair at the expense of the respective parishes through which they ran, but as the progressive spirit of the new settlers induced them to go further inland in search of land « to plant,” the parochial funds became insufficient and had to be supple- mented by annual grants from the Legislature and tollage on the great highways * Temporary. First appointment dated 7th December, 1882. * Temporary. First permanent appointment dated 1st February, 1886. Temporary. First permanent appointment dated 1st June, 1888. PUBLIC WORKS. 127 This system continued until the year 1836 when the Justices and Vestry of each parish were entrusted with the power of raising money at their discretion for repair- ing roads other than roads laid out and maintained under turnpike trusts. But this arrangement was not satisfactory and a Committee of the House of Assembly reported in 1843 against its continuance. Their report was not agreed to and the annual grants were continued, the amount for each parish being made payable to the members of Assembly of such parish. The result was that, notwithstanding the large sums voted, the roads were “a disgrace to a civilized community and militated considerably against the agricultural prosperity of the country. Even the lines of communication between the principal towns were very little better than river courses which placed the life of every traveller in jeopardy: deaths from this cause indeed were of frequent occurrence.”* In 1851 the Legislature, with the hope of permanently improving the highways, passed a law repealing all former road laws and settling a new system for the manage- ment of these roads. The system comprised a Board of Commissioners of Highways and Bridges in each parish. To this Board was entrusted the exclusive care of all roads and bridges not being turnpikes. This system of road supervision continued until 1857 but without any appreciable benefit to the highways. In the latter year “it was thought advisable, with a view to facilitate the means of communication be- tween the several parts of the island,” to transfer the most important sections of roads (including the turnpike roads) to the care of a body styled the Main Road Commissioners, and to provide for the appointment of County Engineers. To carry out this new system a main road fund was constituted, to which the land-tax and the land-tax redemption and all tolls and special grants for road purposes were transferred. Besides these sources of revenue, loans were authorised, for the interest and eventual re-payment of which the general revenue was made liable. In 1859 a loan of £56,000 was raised, but a much larger sum was required to effect a solid reconstruction of the roads and to provide for the bridging of more than one rapid and dangerous rivert Other loans were accordingly raised and the work of reconstruction was proceeded with. The whole scheme, however, soon failed. The law granting the power to redeem the land-tax was repealed in the session of 1862, and the toll bars which had become a fruitful source of discontent-in some parishes leading to open riot—were abolished in October, 1863, consequently, when the Main Road Commissioners ceased to exist (on the change in the form of govern- ment) and their functions were transferred to the Director of Roads, the main road fund was hopelessly insolvent and the roads were but tolerably good. The Govern- ment had to assume the entire debt, which at the time that this was finally effected (1870) amounted to £133,045—£100,350 being for loans and £32,695 for overdrafts from the Treasury. From that time until the passing of Law 17 of 1890 the expenditure on the main roads was entirely defrayed out of the general revenues of the island. In the year 1870 the length of the main roads was 7074 miles ; during the period of 21 years to the end of 1890 new roads of an aggregate length of 864 miles were added, making the total length in the latter year 7934 miles. The following are some of the new roads constructed or re-constructed during that period :- Annotto Bay to Port Maria. Annotto Bay Junction Road (completed.) Free Town to Rules Pen. Milk River to Old Toll Gate at St. Jago. Lucea to Glasgow. Chapelton to Cave Valley. Montego Bay to Adelphi. Port Antonio to Sandy River. From Hope Bay up the Swift River Valley, Loop Road from Linstead Market by the Railway Station to the Rio Magno Bridge, Barquadier Road at Chapelton, Riversdale by Williamsfield, Kendal, Richmond and Highgate to White Hall. Richmond to Augualta Vale. * Phillippo's Past and Present State of Jamaica. Sir Charles Darling's Blue Book Report for 1869. 128 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. The following important Bridges were also erected during this period :- Nightingale Grove near Old Harbour. Rock River near Falmouth. Flint River between Montego Bay and Lucea. Rio Minho at May Pen. Middle River at Annotto Bay. Warner's Pond at Port Maria. Black River at Linstead. Bodles Gully pear Old Harbour. Horse Savanna in Portland, Cane River in St. Ann's. Church Spring at Yallahs. Potosi River near Bath. Sulphur River at Bath. Caneside River near Port Antonio. Orange Hill, Moore Hall, Dunder Gully, Williamsfield, in St. Mary. Tryali Gully in Hanover. Mighty Gully near Old Harbour. The most important of these bridges is that over the Dry River, which was com- pleted in the year 1874. The necessity for this structure had long been felt. The river had been known to rise as high as 37 feet above the bed within a few hours. The bridge consists of three spans, the contre span being 150 feet in the clear and the two outer ones 75 feet each, the underside of the girders is 46 feet above the bed of the river, that is, nine feet above the highest known level of the flood water. The cost of this magnificent structure was £16,901, exclusive of the cost of land and of approaches. The main roads were also in many parts widened and otherwise improved The average annual cost of maintenance was £35 per mile. The average annual expen- diture on new works during this period amounted to £4,914, all provided out of general revenue. By Law 7 of 1881, power was given to raise a loan for building Bridges over the Yallahs and Morant River in St. Thomas and the Rio Grande, Buff Bay, Spanish, and Swift Rivers in Portland, but this power remained for several years in abey- ance. By Law 33 of 1887 power was given to apply a portion of the above-men- tioned loan to the building of Bridges over Roach's Gully, the Devil's River, and Harbour Head River in St. Thomas, Priestman's River, and White River in Port- land, and the Dry River and Pencar River in St. Mary. In 1888, His Excellency Sir Henry Norman, with the approval of the Secretary of State, ordered the con- struction of all the Bridges in Portland and St. Mary named in the above Laws, in the Spring of 1889, and the several Bridges were completed and opened to the public on the dates set against them in the following list :- Harbour Head River, August, 1890 Devil's River, December, 1890 Roach's Gully, August, 1890 Pencar River, January, 1891 Priestman's River, October, 1890 Dry River, January, 1891 White River, November, 1890 Spanish River, February, 1891 Buff Bay River, November, 1890 Swift River, August, 1891 Rio Grande, May, 1892. All these bridges have wrought iron superstructures, capable of carrying the heaviest loads that can come upon them, and, with the exception of the Harbour Head Bridge which is carried on cast iron screw piles 18 inches in diameter, all are carried on concrete piers and abutments. The bridges over the seven rivers be- tween Annotto Bay and Port Antonio are all of one type, differing only in the number of openings which are all of 76 feet clear span. The foundations of the piers are laid in wrought iron caissons 24 feet long and 6 feet wide sunk in the bed of the rivers and reaching to low water level. Owing to large boulders being con- tinually encountered in the river beds, the great depth to which many of the cais- sons had to be sunk, and the dangerous floods to which these rivers are subject, the difficulties to be overcome were very great. The impossibility of transporting the heavy pieces of ironwork by land over the hills between the sea ports and the sites of the bridges, and the consequent necessity of carrying them by sea and land- ing them on various dangerous beaches on an inhospitable coast, formed another formidable difficulty which had to be overcome. PUBLIC WORKS. 129 The Rio Grande Bridge, the last of these Bridges to be completed, is the largest in the island, being 520 feet long, and having six openings. The eastermost pier is founded at a depth of 33 feet below low water and has a total height of 48 feet. Its completion was hailed with great rejoicing by the inhabitants of the Parish, who had suffered greatly by the frequent interruptions of communication caused by floods in these dangerous rivers. In addition to the above the following bridges have been built from funds pro- vided by the general revenue :- Orange River at Sutherlands Fording, Dry Gut Gully in St. Mary. Pear Tree Bottom in St. Ann. Duppy River, Leith Hall River, Hog River, (three crossings) Pompy River, in Saint Thomas. Annotto River in Portland. By Law 17 of 1890 revenues were appropriated for the maintenance of additional main roads, sufficient to provide for a length of nearly 1,000 miles, and a loan of £180,000 was authorized for the reconstruction of the parochial roads to be taken over under that Law. The following list gives the number and the aggregate mile- age of roads in each parish which have been so taken over and reconstructed :- M. Chns. In St. Andrew 29 roads with a mileage of 10 " St. Thomas 583 “ Portland " St. Mary · St. Ann “ Trelawny “ St. James “ Hanover “ Westmoreland 13 “ St. Elizabeth " Manchester “Clarendon “ St. Catherine 12 Total 153 " " 896 covered to come to llo , Bow 45 13 40 In addition to the above the following new main roads have been added to the roads maintained out of General Revenue :- CHNS. Barnstaph through Ulster Spring to Hectors River 24 Hectors River by Oxford to Greenhill and Lilliput Cabbage Hall to Woodhall 8 40 Total 46 o The aggregate length of the main roads of the island is therefore now 1,7354 miles being an increase in the past two years of 120 / By Law 1 of 1891 authority was given to spend a portion of the Loan to be raised under Law 7 of 1881 in constructing a new main road from the 11th mile on the Windward Road through the interior of the Parish of St. Thomas to Morant Bay. This road passes over Cambridge Hill through Llandewy, Ramble, Windsor Forest, Monklands, Cedar Valley, Trinityville, Coley, Serge Island and Morant. It is now in course of construction. The expenditure on new works for main roads during the past year, 1891-92, has been as follows: From General Revenue £14,487 0 0 Under Law 17 of 1890 101,637 00 Under Law 7 of 1881 13,177 0 0 Total £129,301 0 0 PUBLIC BUILDINGS. On the inauguration of the new Constitution in 1866, the Director of Roads also assumed the charge and supervision of the Public Buildings. But no new perma- 130 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. most important new works carried out during the period of 22 years ending the 30th March, 1892 :- Lepers Home at Spanish Town Lazaretto at Green Bay Ten new Court Houses Twenty new Police Stations Eight Public Hospitals Enlargement of the Public General Hospital at Kingston " " Lunatic Asylum " " General Penitentiary " " St. Catherine's District Prison Extensions and improvements at King's House, St. Andrew at Boys' Reformatory at Stony Hill Girls' Reformatory at Admiral's Pen Boys' Industrial School at Hope Girls' " " " Shortwood Government Printing Establishment. The annual expenditure on repairs and maintenance of Public Buildings has averaged £9,154, and on New Works, £17,500. Among the other important works carried out by the Department are the estab- lishing of the extensive Irrigation Works in connexion with the Rio Cobre; the erection of a large and convenient Market in Kingston, with public landing places in the harbour; the enclosing and laying out of the Square as a Public Garden, which improvement has done much for the embellishment and convenience of the city ; the erection of Gas Works in Kingston ; the purchase of the rights of the Kingston Water Company and the improvement of the works, whereby Kingston has been given a constant water service which is excelled in few places either for quality, quantity or pressure; the erection of Slaughter Houses for Kingston; and the establishment and working of a system of water supply for Spanish Town and Old Harbour. LIGHT-HOUSES. The Light-houses of the Colony are by Law 8 of 1866 under the control and management of the Director of Public Works. MORANT POINT.-This Light-house is situated at the east end of the island, and is elevated 100 feet above high water, and can be seen at a distance of 21 miles at sea in clear weather. The illuminating apparatus was, until recently, on the cato- pric principle, consisting of 15 lamps with large reflectors. The light is a revolving light, and revolves once in every three minutes, giving a bright flash once every minute. It was designed by Alexander Douglas of London, and erected in 1842 by Mr. George Groves, C. E., now Sir George Groves, who was sent out for the purpose. A third order holophotal revolving light, with flashes at intervals of one minute, has been erected in place of the original apparatus. Paraffin oil is the illuminating material used at this and the other Light-houses, a saving of about eighty per cent. on the former expenditure for cocoanut oil being effected. PLUMB POINT.—This Light-house stands on the Palisadoes at the entrance to Kingston Harbour; the tower is constructed of stone and iron, and is 70 feet in height. It exhibits a third order dioptric light from a single Douglas burner lamp, arranged to shew a red light over one arc and a white light over another. The white light is visible at a distance of about 20 miles in clear weather. The position of the Light-house is in latitude 17° 54" north, longitude 76° 47" west. FOLLY Point, PORT ANTONIO.—This Light house was built under the powers of Law 17 of 1886, the mercantile community having guaranteed the Government that the revenue from dues would suffice to nieet the cost of maintenance, and the interest and sinking fund in the first cost. The tower is constructed of masonry and is fire-proof throughout. The optical apparatus is dioptric of the fourth order, shewing a red light, visible at 13 miles distance over an arc of 153º, the backward rays being reflected by a dioptric mirror. PUBLIC WORKS. 131 ESTABLISHMENT OF THE PUBLIC WORKS DEPARTMENT. Office. Name of Holder. Salary and Date of First other | Appointment Emolument. Public Service. ROADS AND WORKS. Director of Public Works Assistant ditto Engineer Eastern District Engineer Central District Engineer Southern District . Engineer Western District . Superintendent for Irrigation . *First Class Superintendent of Roads and Works Ditto Ditto Ditto £ s. d. Hon. V. G. Bell, C.E.* .1,200 0 0 | 1st Aug., '86 J. Richmond, A.M.I.C.E.* 800 0 0 22nd Mar., 73 D. Sanftleben* 350 0 0 1st April, '92 S. T. Scharschmidt* . 600 0 0 17th Jan., '72 John D'Aeth* 450 0 0 17th Jan., '73 C. Renwick, A.M.I.C.E.*. 450 0 0 1st Jan., '80 H. A. Stafford 200 0 0 1st July, '91 Travelling allowance 5000 J. F. Brennan 270 0 0 15th Feb., '89 W.J. Davis 300 0 0 | 16th March, '89 T. Gayleard 250 0 0 | 16th Oct., '72 T, C. Garrett 260 0 0 1st April, '91 L. P. Hodge, A.M.I.C.E. . 250 0 0 27th May, '91 F. H. Stone, A.M.I.C.E. . 260 0 0 1st April, '91 W. Parker, A.M.I.C.E. 250 0 0 27th May, '91 J, E. Streadwick 210 0 0 1st April, '91 R. J. DeCordova 210 0 0 18t April, '91 D. L. Feurtado 210 0 0 1st April, '91 G. E. Morris 200 0 0 15th April, '91 M. L. Hendrickst 250 0 0 | 1st April, '91 O. R. Rowlands 200 0 0 27th May, '91 W. A. Miller 200 0 0 13th May, '91 E. H, Whitehorne 300 0 0 1st Oct., 70 C. O, Magnan 210 0 0 25th April, '75 M. H. Cooke 210 0 0 1st Oct., '81 E. F. Wilson 200 0 0 21st May, '80 George R. Taylor 200 0 0 17th Jan.. '81 H, M. Pearson 0 0 1st Feb., '86 T. R. Mould 130 1st Feh., '86 R. H. Payne 90 1st Feb., '90 R. H. Phillips 90 00 1st Feb., '90 G. A. Henriques 80 0 0 1st Feb., '91 A. P. Williams 80 0 0 15th Feb., '92 R. Williams 300 0 0 6th April, '75 G. A. Moulds 215 0 0 1st Oct., '83 110 0 Ditto Ditto Ditto Second Class Superintendent ? of Roads and Works Ditto Ditto Ditto Ditto Ditto Ditto Accounting Clerk First Class Clerk Ditto Ditto Second Class Clerk Ditto Ditto Third Class Clerk Ditto Ditto Ditto Draughtsman Assistant Draughtsman LIGHT HOUSES. Morant Point. Superintendent First Under Keeper Second Under Keeper Plumb Point. Superintendent First Under Keeper Second Under Keeper Folly Point. Head Keeper Under Keeper Fort Augusta, Keeper PUBLIC WORKS STORES. Superintendent Second Class Clerk Third Class Clerk 0 W. H, Boorman W. Branker J. Lowe A. M. Mould J. Brown R. Napier John Sturgeon T. S. Fraser 165 0 0 1st Dec., '89 70 0 0 1st Dec., '89 70 0 0 19th Dec., '89 170 0 0 13th May, '81 70 0 0 1st Aug., '76 70 0 0 13th Feb., '88 100 0 0 23rd Nov., '89 50 0 0 11th April, '88 26 0 0 18th Jan., '90 250 0 0 1st Aug., '87 200 0 0 1st Aug., '87 80 0 0 1st Feb., '92 R. Buckland E. L. DuQuesnay E. J. Wolfe, jnr. H. R. Morle # The Director of Public Works and Assistant Director of Public Works and the District Engineers are re- imbursed travelling expenses according to the scale at present in force. + The First and Second Class Superintendents of Roads and Works receive travelling allowances in addi- tion to their salaries. IM L. Hendricks receives £40 per annum as Superintendent of the Spanish Town Water Works, ¿ Acting for Engineer Western District, 132 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA, LANDS. SHORTLY after the commencement of Sir John Grant's administration a Survey and Lands Division of the Public Works Department was established and the Di- rector of Roads was constituted its head. The officer in charge of the division was styled the Government Surveyor. The necessity for such a department had long been felt, for there was no officer before the appointment of the Government Surveyor whose special duty it was to look after the lands belonging to the Government, and these were scattered about in every part of the island, most of them neglected and many unknown. These lands have all been classified, their histories and titles inquired into (most of which were previously unknown) and surveys made and possession taken, in cases where, for- merly, the lands had been either unpossessed or in adverse possession. In addition, the titles to lands held by trustees for certain Government purposes and those strictly parochial have been enquired into and verified, and the lands have been surveyed and placed upon stable and certain tenure, and those not required for Government pur- poses have been leased at fair rentals. There were also at the time of the establishment of the Lands Department nume- rous properties all over the island in the possession of squatters, and there were vast tracts on which the ordinary quit rents had not been paid for many years. Much of this land was either unowned or unrepresented. To correct this state of things the Legislature passed Law 37 of 1867, whereby per- Bons in possession of lands without any legal or equitable title could be proceeded against by the Government as squatters. Under this Law, amended by Law 22 of 1874, further amended by Law 43 of 1887, the Government became the trustees of all lands acquired thereunder for a period of seven years. During that time the owners may recover the lands upon payment of the expenses incurred by the Government, but after seven years the Government have the power to sell. In this way 26,504 acres have been recovered from 1,440 squatters. These lands are situated in various parts of the island and consist chiefly of abandoned estates and plantations, whose owners were either not known or who had so neglected their properties that they fell into the hands of squatters. Of this land much has been restored to its legitimate owners, much has been sold after the expiration of the seven years trusteeship, and the re- mainder is still in the possession of the Government and leased to various persons. The annual rents from these and some other lands average about £1,200. Law 5 of 1871 (amended by Law 14 of 1884 and further amended by Law 32 of 1888) declares that all lands in arrear for quit rents for a period of ten years pre- vious to the passing of this law, and all lands in arrear for five years after the passing of the law, shall be liable to forfeiture if the arrears are not paid, after certain legal formalities, extending over a period of eighteen months. Under this law the parti. culars of no less than 740,710 acres have been investigated, the areas and boundaries ascertained, and the lands advertised as liable to forfeiture. Of this nearly 80,000 acres have been actually forfeited to the Crown; the quit rents on a great deal of the rest have been paid and much remains in process of forfeiture. These forfeited lands are located chiefly in the interior of the island and much of it is very advan- tageously situated and suitable for new settlements. A large part of it extends over the northern portion of the Parish of St. Thomas and the southern part of Portland, All this region consists of virgin lands and is well watered with numerous springs and rivers. It possesses a most salubrious climate and ranges from 2,000 to 6,000 feet in height, and it embraces some of the finest coffee land in the island. The geolo- gical formation is chiefly of trappean and metamorphosed series, and it is of the same character as the once rich coffee lands of the Parishes of St. Andrew and St. Thomas ; but as these are getting worn out this land is the only remaining coffee land of a first class character in the island. It is rich in minerals -copper, cobalt, lead and man- ganese having already been discovered in several places. The climate in the higher parts is extremely cool and is suited to the labour of white men in the open air. European fruits have been cultivated in some of these localities, and the Government Cinchona Plantations are situated on portions of this land, which have already proved that cinchona bark can be successfully produced in Jamaica. LANDS. 133 The following table shows the Government lands that are under lease ; those that are unoccupied, and the parishes in which they are situated :- Parish, Government Land Unoccupied Government Land under Lease to various Persons. Unpatented. Land. Totals. 1,200 3,760 Acres. Acres. Acres. Acres. Kingston 161 1,2161 St. Andrew . 1,626 1,626 St. Thomas . 17,967 430 18,397 Portland . 5,854 1,943 2,270 10,067 St. Mary 1,082 20 220 1,322 St. Ann 3,763) Trelawny 16,810 8,000 24,810 St. James 400 1,700 2,100 Hanover Westmoreland St. Elizabeth. 10,600 10,600 Manchester . Clarendon . 841 6,000 6,841 St. Catherine 4,051 7,720 6,000 17,771 Grand Totals 47,406 12,557L 38,550 L 98,513 The stir created by the Government in regard to lands squatted on, and lands liable to forfeiture for non-payment of quitrents, has induced many people to look after properties which they before deemed almost valueless; and it is believed that many more squatters have been evicted by private individuals than by the Government, and numbers of persons have been induced to pay up the quit rents upon their outlying land. From time to time 4,806 land questions have been enquired into and reported upon; 36,825 acres have been actually surveyed and 178 leases have been effected, covering 82,687 acres. The Government have realized £23,377 6s. 4d. from sales of land, while the lands escheated have been valued at £1,432. The Survey Department has also had numerous references from the Colonial Secretary's Office and other Departments, involving considerable investigation ; searches in the Island Record Office and reports; also correspondence with and instructing the several Government Bailiffs in possession of Government lands all over the island and receiving and checking their accounts. Numerous plans of particular places as well as of districts, for the use of the Go- vernment in various ways, have been prepared ; and surveys for the Rio Cobre Canal, Railway extension, and for new roads, &c., have from time to time been made. The Survey Branch has also prepared, in duplicate, cadastral plans, on a scale of four inches to one mile, for the use of the Collectors of Taxes of all the parishes of the island. These plans represent every property and parcel of land from ten acres and upwards, and show correctly their extent, area, boundaries and names, as well as the names of the owners; also the roads, rivers and other topographical details. CROWN LANDS' DEPARTMENT. On the 1st October, 1890, the Survey Branch, which was formerly attached to the Public Works' Department, was organised into a separate service, and the Govern- ment Surveyor was appointed head of the Department under the title of Surveyor General. By this arrangement the scope of the Crown Lands' Department has been con- siderably increased by becoming an independent branch and by the addition of the requirements under the Jamaica Railway Company's Law 12 of 1889, and the Moun- tain and River Reserves Law 37 of 1889, Amendment Law 30 of 1890. Under the former the Surveyor General has to acquire all the land required for the Railway Extension, and under the latter the Department has to define all Mountain and River Reserves. Under the 34th Section of the agreement attached to Law 12 of 1889, the Pro- 134 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. moters of the Railway are entitled to one square mile of Government land for each mile of Railway constructed, and as 30 miles of Railway have been completed and vested in the Railway Company, 19,520 acres, or 304 square miles of land have been conveyed to the Company. Of this, 17,147 acres are in the Parish of Portland and is well watered, virgin and fertile land. ESTABLISHMENT OF THE CROWN LANDS' DEPARTMENT, Salary and I Date of First Office. Name of Holder. other Appointment to Emoluments Public Service. Surveyor General P. A. Fraser * £800 0 0 14th Nov., '63 Travelling allowance 100 0 0 Assistant ditto W.C. Liddell 260 Ö o 18t May, '81 Travelling allowance 100 0 0 Accountant W. M. Fraser 1st Feb., '86 Third Class Clerk Vacant AUDIT OFFICE. In consequence of the discovery of serious defalcations in the Public Treasury and of great irregularities in the public accounts the late House of Assembly ap- pointed a Committee in their session of 1851 “to consider whether any and what alterations ought to be made in the mode of managing the Treasury." The Com- mittee reported that it was “indispensably necessary that provision should be made for the speedy and correct keeping and adjusting of the accounts of the public re- venue and for securing the regular and punctual collection, receipt and expenditure of the public funds." Thereupon an Act was passed by the Legislature providing for the appointment of an Auditor General to assist the Commissioners of Public Accounts, which body consisted of the Members of Assembly. The Auditor General was required (among other things) « to countersign all re- ceipts for money paid to the Receiver General on account of the public; to examine every demand upon the Public Treasury, with the accompanying certificate or docu- ment, previous to the same being presented to the Receiver General for payment and to countersign the same; and to attend every month on the Commissioners of Accounts with the public books of accounts and vouchers, in order that the same may be examined and called over and their correctness ascertained.” In 1855 the Legislature passed an Act providing that in case of a vacancy occur- ring among the Commissioners the survivor should become sole Commissioner and should discharge all the duties originally performed by the Auditor General. In 1857, another Act was passed constituting the Executive Committee the Board of Audit in the place of the Commissioners of Accounts, and dividing the duties of the Audit Department between the Auditor General and the Auditor of Prisons Ac- counts, these officers being designated First and Second Commissioners of Audit. In 1862 a Committee of the Assembly reported, that, the duties of a large staff of officers maintained in the Audit Office appeared to be devoted principally to the task of ascertaining the arithmetical correctness of the returns of the several Collec- tors of the Revenue throughout the island, and that beyond the mere revision of numbers there existed in several cases none, and in others only an illusory and in- efficient check over the several officers and departments charged with the collec- tion of the different branches of the revenue.” In 1867 the then Auditor General (Mr. Alexandre Bravo) represented to the Go- vernment that it was utterly impossible to carry on the two offices of Accountant General and Auditor General in one person and one office, more particularly with the present limited and totally inefficient staff of Clerks and Assistants, the conse- quence of which is that of necessity the work done in the Audit Department is done hurriedly and imperfectly, and a great deal that should be done and done well is either left undone altogether or hurried through in a manner at once as unprofit- able to the public as it is unsatisfactory and disgusting to the Auditor.” These assurances were in excuse or explanation of the failure of the Audit Office to dis- cover the defalcations of an Officer of Customs amounting to three thousand pounds and extending over a period of more than a year. * £200 of this as Government Inspector of Railway under Law 12 of 1889. AUDIT OFFICE. 135 On investigation it was ascertained that the warrants and other vouchers of the Customs had not been examined for two years ; that the books of the Post Office Department had only been examined from time to time as a Junior Clerk in the Audit Office could secure time to do so; and that the accounts of the Police had not been examined for three years. The necessity for reform having thus forced itself on the consideration of the Go- vernment Mr. Bravo was transferred to another Department and Mr. J. W. Straton of Her Majesty's Exchequer and Audit Department was appointed Auditor General of Jamaica. Mr. Straton re-modelled the system of bookkeeping in the Treasury and re-or- ganized the Audit Office. Previous to Mr. Straton's appointment the system which existed “ admitted of large defalcations without hope of discovery."* The pre-audit system to which Mr. Brayo referred in his allusion to the Accountant General was strongly condemned by Mr. Straton on the ground of delay, and sub- sequently by Mr. Macglashan, the present Auditor General, who urged its entire abolition. Among the reasons given by Mr. Macglashan was that “it practically constituted the Auditor into a Paymaster with no one to check his payments, and that the functions of an Auditor was to examine the working of other people and not to transact business that ought to be done by some one else.” These representations led to the introduction of an amended system of disbursing and accounting for public moneys (including the abolition of pre-audit), an improved mode of preparing the annual estimates, the investment of the Auditor General with the functions of Comptroller and the consequent annual presentation of appro- priation accounts. The Audit Office was in 1879, on the recommendation of Mr. Harris Nicholas, who had been commissioned by the Secretary of State to inquire into the audit system in the West Indian Colonies, relieved of the detailed exami- nation of the revenue accounts, which besides being examined in the Collector Gene- ral's Office had been again examined in the Audit Office, and a test examination of those accounts, in accordance with the English practice was substituted therefor. + In short, the Government introduced into the colony the system of accounts which has come into operation in Great Britain since the passing of the Exchequer and Audit Departments Act of 1886, and these various improvements in system have been accom- panied by a gradual reduction of the clerical staff from 16 in 1879 to 11 in 1882,-a reduction of more than 31 per cent. Under a law passed in 1888, the Parochial Accounts are subjected to a strict exa- mination in the Audit Office and half yearly inspection of the Boards' Accounts is made locally by an officer of the Audit Office. The value of these local inspections has been fully demonstrated. ESTABLISHMENT OF THE AUDIT OFFICE. Salary and Date of First Office. Name of Holder. other appointment to Emolument. Public Service. £ 8. d. Auditor-General J. Macglashan $1,000 0 0 30th June, '58 Chief Clerk W.C. G. Arrowsmith 400 0 0 1st May, '66 Senior Clerk G, McN. Livingston 360 0 0 16th Aug., '69 First Class Clerk William Duff 300 0 0 10th Dec., '66 Ditto H. E. Laidman 280 0 0 20th Oct., °73 Ditto A. A, Samuel 280 0 0 5th April, '75 Second Class Clerk E. DuMont 200 0 0 1st Feb., 75 Ditto A. S. Finzi 190 0 0 14th June, '75 Ditto G. W. Taylor Ditto J. L. Pietersz 100 00 | 10th Dec., '85 Third Class Clerk C. C. Kelly 95 0 0 1st June, '88 Ditto C. B. Taylor 95 00 | 1st Oct., 88 Ditto F. P. MacD. Dallas 100 0 0 5th July, '79 Copyist Vacant 5s. a day 130 00 6th Oct 179 # Sir Anthony Musgrave to Secretary of State, 14th July, 1879 Mr. Nicholas bad reported in regard to these accounts that "all the security a strict and efficient departe mental audit can afford seemed to him provided." The salary has been fixed at £800 a-year after the incumbency of the present Auditor-General. 136 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. TREASURY. TAE Receiver General's Office is one of the ancient institutions of the colony. It was at first established at Port Royal and the records narrowly escaped destruction in the great fire of 1703. In that year it was (with the other public offices) trans- ferred to Kingston, where it has since continued. In 1733 a law was passed requiring the Receiver General or his Deputy to attend at his office on all working days from 9 to 11, and from 2 to 4, under a penalty of £20 for every default; and in 1802 he was granted a salary of £7,000 currency (equal to £4,200 sterling) in lieu of commissions, except the five per cent. payable to him under the Permanent Revenue Act of 1728. Subsequently the salary was reduced to £3,000, which was the amount received by Mr. John Edwards, the last patentee of the office. The Receiver General was by a law passed in 1733 prohibited from lending out the public moneys or of being concerned in any commercial or other transaction, or of holding any other office or appointment whatsoever. His salary was reduced to £1,000 in consequence of the appointment of an Auditor General ; but in 1851 it was increased to £1,200 per annum, and the commissions payable to him under the Per- manent Revenue Act, and all such fees as he had been accustomed to receive, were made payable into the Treasury for the use of the island. Law 4 of 1868 repealed the previous law, in which the rate of interest payable by the Bank on the daily cash balances was specified, and enacted “ that the Governor, with the advice of the Privy Council, shall from time to time establish such rules and regulations as may be necessary for keeping the accounts of the Receiver Ge- neral with such bank or banking institution, and also for the payment and appro- priation of the moneys paid therein." Under one of the rules now in force the same rate of interest as heretofore, namely, 3 per cent. is payable by the Bank on the minimum monthly balance, after deducting £10,000, and the sum annually esti- mated as realizable from this source of revenue is £1,500. Law 3 of 1868 grants to the Governor the power of prescribing regulations and forms for the guidance of all parties having the receipt, collection and payment of the public revenue, and repeals all previous acts detailing these duties. Law 10 of 1868 abolishes the office of Receiver General and creates the office of Treasurer, giving him all the power and charging him with all the duties hitherto performed by the first named officer. The third clause of this law places the Trea- surer's department under the supervision and control of the Revenue Commissioner appointed under Law 8 of 1866. A Parochial Treasury was established in every parish in 1868, the Collector of Taxes being placed in charge as Local Treasurer. Formerly there were no means of making local payments, however small the amount, except by bills on Kingston. Persons receiving small salaries and all others who had to receive small sums of public money, such as parochial road contractors for example, were seriously inconvenienced under this system, for they could not get their bills cashed on the spot, without submitting to a heavy charge by way of discount. The smaller the bill and the poorer the holder the more discount he had to pay to get his own money; and this occurred while the Collector of the parish might be put to some risk and difficulty in remitting his col- lections to Kingston. Under the new system all local payments, so far as local receipts may make it possible to do so, are paid at the Parochial Treasuries under orders, general or special, from the Chief Treasurer. On the 1st May, 1879, an Inland Money Order System was also established in con- nection with the Treasury. Orders obtained at the office in Kingston are payable at any Parochial Treasury, and each Parochial Treasurer is authorized to issue orders payable at the Treasury in Kingston or at the following Parochial Treasuries : Morant Bay, Port Antonio, Port Maria, St. Ann's Bay, Spanish Town, May Pen, Mandeville, Black River, Savanna-la-Mar, Falmouth, Montego Bay, Lucea. The commissions chargeable are as follow :- For sums under 10s. 2d. 1 For sums of £5 and under £6 7d. " of 10s, and under £2 3d. of £2 4d. 5d. of 6d. For sums of £10 , 1s. conto Eco con TREASURY 137 1 1856 SAVINGS BANK BRANCH. Savings BANKS were first established in this island in the year 1837 under the Act 7th William IV., chapter 6. These Banks were managed by a Board of Officers consisting of a President, Vice- President, Trustees, Managers, Auditor, and Treasurer or Secretary, the rules framed for their government being approved and certified by a Revising Barrister. The de- posits received by the Bank were invested in the Island Treasury at 6 per cent. in- terest, while the depositors received interest at the rate of 45 per cent., the interest to depositors being payable half-yearly. The following were the Banks that existed under the old law, each of which was opened once a week for the transaction of business : Kingston established 1838 Hanover established 1856 St. James " 1838 St. Mary Trelawny " 1842 Westmoreland " 1865 St. Ann 1845 Vere not known. These Banks did good service and enjoyed the confidence of the public until the Secretary of the Trelawny Bank committed a series of forgeries, for which he was in- dicted and sentenced to 14 years penal servitude. The depositors then learnt that their savings were not secure and a panic ensued. The Government intervened and towards the end of the year 1870 obtained the passing of a law to establish a Guvern- ment Savings Bank, with branches throughout the island. The direct security of the public chest was given for the due re-payment of all moneys deposited, and for the regular payment of the interest thereon, the rate being fixed at 4 per cent., cal- culated to the 30th September in each year. In the session of 1880 the interest to depositors was reduced to 3 per cent. Law 33 of 1882 provides that a deposit shall not be of a less amount than 18. or some multiple of 18. ; also that no depositor shall be entitled to deposit in any one year any sum of money exceeding in the whole £200, nor at any time have in deposit more than £400, Deposits, however, on behalf of a charitable or friendly society may amount tu but not exceed £500 in any one year; but the accumulated deposits of any such institution may not exceed at any time £1,000. There is no limit to the amount which may be deposited on account of any public department fund. Secrecy is en- forced on all officers engaged in the discharge of the duties of the Bank, and, except in due course of law or to the Revenue Commissioner, transactions of a depositor are not disclosed. Under the provisions of the 3rd section of Law 8 of 1879 deposits may now be made by a married woman, and such deposits are to be deemed her separate property; pro- vided that if any such deposits are made by a married woman by means of moneys of her husband without his consent a Judge may, upon an application under section 6 of the law, order such deposits or any part thereof to be paid to her husband. Deposits of £5 are re-paid without any previous notice being required, but if the amount exceeds that sum but does not exceed £50 one week's notice is required; over this amount two weeks' notice must be given. The deposits of a deceased person if above £25 can be paid only on the production of the probate of the will, or under letters of administration ; but any deposits under that amount may be paid by the Manager, with the concurrence of the Revenue Commissioner, to any person who may appear entitled to the same. The payments made on account of the property of deceased depositors during the year 1891-92 were as follows:- Under Letters of Administration £1,262 30 Letters Testamentary 234 13 11 . Revenue Commissioner's authority 157 1 7 , Power of Attorney 100 18 2 £1,744 16 8 The branches of the Bank were at first open to the public once in each week, but in order to afford increased facilities they are now opened daily, and the boon has been much appreciated. Some of the sub-branches are now opened weekly instead of monthly as heretofore. K 138 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. The following is a statement of the transactions of the Government Savings Bank from 1882 to 1892 :- Year. Accounts Opened. Accounts Closed. No. of Deposits. No. of Withdrawals. Amount of Deposits. Amount of Withdrawals. 1882-83 1883-84 1884-85 1885-86 1886-87 1887-88 1888-89 1889-90 1890-91 1891-92 4,772 4,827 5,177 4,031 3,706 4,100 4,084 4,200 4,112 3,704 2,390 3,168 3,268 3,043 2,979 2,837 3,899 4,000 2,972 2,627 31,379 30,332 33,154 30,893 29,000 28.593 30,671 32,000 31,729 27,321 21,928 23,939 29,375 31,044 28,666 29,422 32,910 33,000 30,997 33,785 £182,009 15 11 196,913 7 3 213,169 7 0 189,826 3 9 174,466 15 8 204,935 15 8 230,706 12 6 214,000 0 0 215,440 12 1 211,175 7 3 £179,941 2 0 181,484 18 4 213,437 14 11 196,832 14 0 183,064 09 185,615 06 227,114 16 3 213,800 0 0 220,703 9 3 225,729 15 3 $420,0 There were on the 31st March, 1892, 22,809 depositors, including charities societies, clubs, and public functionaries investing in their official capacities. The following statement shows the distribution of the amount held as deposits on the 31st March, 1892:- Administrator-General's Account £3,890 0 3 Bankrupt Estates 9,158 18 10 Charities 599 5 6 Chancery Accounts 13,807 10 8 Government Accounts 4,347 13 1 Old Savings Bank Balances 1,413 9 7 Private Depositors, Societies and Clubs . 392,354 10 3 Government Trusts 2,778 ( 5 Other Trusts Total £428,348 8 7 The total amount of interest credited to depositors since the establishment of the Savings Bank amounted to the sum of £178,341 0s. 1d. as under :- 1870-71 £1,635 4 4 | 1881-82 £9,626 5 4 1871-72 4,590 19 11 1882-83 8,865 19 4 1872-73 5,499 3 1 1883-84 9,409 17 8 1873-74 6,341 12 9 1884-85 9,966 5 0 1874-75 7,543 8 2 1885-86 10,108 18 2 1875-76 8,539 16 6 1886-87 10,048 16 8 1876-77 9,230 11 4 1887-88 10,484 90 1877-78 9,750 17 7 1888-89 11,410 8 10 1878-79 10,414 13 10 1890-91 11,932 18 10 1879-80 11,728 8 1 1891-92 11,880 4 0 1880-81 11,212 5 8 | The investments on account of the bank are chiefly in English consols and Colonial debentures bearing interest at the rates of 3 and 4 per cent. On 31st March, 1892, they stood thus :- Consols £20,409 17 3 Debentures and Inscribed Stock 387,733 1 1 Treasury Debt 20,210 10 3 Total £428,348 8 7 Branches of the Government Savings Bank are now in operation at the following places :- OPEN DAILY. Kingston. St. Ann's Bay. Black River, Morant Bay. Falmouth. Mandeville. Port Antonio. Montego Bay. May Pen. Port Maria. Lucea. Spanish Town, Savanna-la-Mar. STAMP DEPARTMENT. 139 Sub-Branches of the Government Savings Bank are established at the following places :- Buff Bay, open on every Friday. Porus, open every day. Annotto Bay, open on every Friday. Alley, open each Friday. Brown's Town, on Tuesdays, Thurg Chapelton, open each Tuesday. days, and Saturdays. Linstead, open each Tuesday. Santa Cruz, open on every Monday. I Old Harbour, open each Tuesday. In order to encourage thrift and saving habits among the people, and to give an opportunity to those who are not able to use the Government Savings Bank in con- sequence of the distance from their homes of a branch or sub-branch, as well as to enable smaller deposits to be received than are allowed by the Government Savings Bank, Penny Banks (in respect of which however the Government has no responsi- bility) have been established in several districts of the island by Ministers of Religion and other influential gentlemen. The result of the movement, which began on the 1st January, 1881, was that on the 31st March, 1892, (the close of the financial year) there were 52 Penny Banks in existence with 11,135 depositors. The amount deposited during the year was £4,338 and the amount withdrawn was £3,898. Mr. H. W. Livingston, Manager of the Government Savings Bank, was the originator of the scheme. ESTABLISHMENT OF THE TREASURY DEPARTMENT. Office. Name of Holder. Salary and Date of First other Appointment to Emolument. | Public Service. H. W. Livingston* E. J. Andrews C. W. Chapman T. B. Hendriks E. W. Astwood D. P. Fouché H. Priest A. L. Harris F. H. McDermott J. C. Royes A. H. de Pass W. H. Burke Vacant Vacant £ 8. d. 600 0 0 5th Oct., '52 380 0 0 1st Feb., '68 295 0 0 8th Sep., °76 250 0 0 1st May, '74 240 0 0 18t May, 75 210 0 0 1st Oct., '82 239 00 Oct., °73 200 0 0 | 16th Aug., '78 100 0 0 1st June, '88 1st Feb.,, 91 95 00 | 1st June, '88 let Feb., '92 80 0 0 : TREASURY BRANCH. Treasurer Chief Clerk Bookkeeper Cashier First Class Clerk Ditto Second Class Clerk Ditto Ditto Ditto Ditto Third Class Clerk Ditto Ditto SAVINGS BANK. Manager Accountant Cashier First Class Clerk Second Class Clerk Ditto Third Class Clerk Ditto Ditto 100 0 . H. W. Livingston James Sinclair J. M. Tuckett A. L. Savage H. C. Livingston H. J. Newman J. M. Burke C. A. Logan Vacant 100 0 0 5th Oct.,' 400 0 0 15th Feb., 68 250 0 0 25th Nov., 67 200 0 0 4th Feb., '81 130 0 0 1st Oct. '85 100 0 0 1st June, '88 100 0 0 | 23rd Oct., '86 80 0 0 1 1st Feb., '92 80 0 0 . . STAMP DEPARTMENT. STAMP DUTIES, which were first imposed in this colony in the year 1760, have always extended over a wide area, and, following the English laws, made dutiable mercantile transactions, law proceedings, the transfer of property, probates of wills, legacies, powers of attorney, Land Surveyors' commissions, policies and various other docu- ments of a similar character. # The Treasurer in addition to his salary receives a commission of 1 per cent. on Chancery deposits. He also receives £100 per annum as Manager of the Government Savings Bank. K 2 140 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. The Commissioners of Public Accounts were first appointed to superintend the collection of these duties ; they were succeeded by two Commissioners of Stamps, and finally the office was confined to one Commissioner, in association with the Receiver-General. The use of adhesive stamps was added to that of impressed stamps, in the year 1855, but they are now legal only on Customs' warrants and receipts. The two denominations at present in use are 3d. and id., which are available also for postal and revenue purposes. Collectors and Assistant Collectors of Taxes and District Postmasters are, ex officio, Revenue Stamp Distributors. There are also a few persons in the chief towns who add the sale of stamps to their private business, charging 5 per cent. commission. Stamps are supplied on credit and returns rendered monthly. A discount of 5 per cent. is allowed on purchases made by vendors of revenue and postage stamps; in no other case is discount allowed. Bills of exchange, inland and foreign, promissory notes and bills of lading, cannot be stamped after the expiration of fourteen days from the date of execution. All other documents can be stamped on the following conditions : If brought within three months after the first signing or execution, and it shall appear that the docu- ment was not stamped before preparation from some good and sufficient cause, it may be stamped without any penalty. If brought beyond three months and within twelve, the penalty is oue half; beyond twelve months, a sum equal to the full duty or defi- ciency of duty required. No penalty is imposed on documents executed out of the island. Spoiled stamps are exchangeable within six months in amounts not less than five shillings, for which impressed stamps only are given in exchange. A return of the shareholders of all banking copartnerships, except those estab- lished by Royal Charter, is required to be lodged yearly at the Stamp Office. A composition of 1 per cent. is payable on the notes issued by any banking corporation, to whom also a yearly license is issued by the Commissioner of Stamps. Stamps are impressed upon Petty Sessions process and licenses, indicating the duty thereon. They are not, however, returnable as stamp revenue except a small portion thereof. Mortgages, conveyances, bonds or other securities made or given to or by Build- ing Societies, which were formerly exempt from stamp duty, are now by Law 27 of 1886 made liable thereto, according to the rates laid down in the schedule attached to Law 33 of 1868, with the exception of mortgages, which are not taxable till they exceed £500. (See schedule). A stamp duty of two shillings per one hundred pounds, and of one shilling per que hundred pounds is charged for registering and transferring Debentures, ro- spectively, under Law 32 of 1887. Revenue therefrom for twelve months to 31st March, 1892, £8 128. Od. Legacy duty is chargeable on legacies of the value of £20 and upwards. If the legatee is of kin to the testator the duty is two-and-a-half per cent.; if a stranger in blood, five per cent. Legacies to husband or wife, children or grandchildren, are exempt. A receipt for legacy must be stamped within twenty-one days from the date thereof. When an executor is entitled to a legacy he must pay the duty before re- taining the same. The duty on a legacy given by way of annuity must be paid by four equal payments, the first of which must be made before or on completing the payment of the first year's annuity; and the three others in like manner, before or on completing the rospective payments for the three succeeding years. Probate duty received for the financial year ending 31st March, 1892, was £1,649 198. 2d. Legacy duty for the same period, was £374 68. 1d. The total collections on account of stamps for the financial year 1891-92, was £19,518 11s. 3d. Stamps of £2 158. and upwards are impressed in red coloured printing ink; as also all stamps on parchment, irrespective of enfaced value. The following laws are read with or are cognate to the Stamp Law :- 32 of 1869--Amendment Law 33 of 1868, &c. STAMP DEPARTMENT. 141 38 of 1872—Relating to counterstamping of documents, reducing the duty on small leases, &c. 5 of 1879—Refunding probate duty in certain cases. 16 of 1879—Legacy Duty Law. 5 of 1882–Marine Insurance. 5 of 1886—Amending Law 33 of 1868, in respect of agreements, &c. 27 of 1886—Imposing Duty on Building Society Mortgages, &c. 18 of 1837—Postage and Revenue Stamp Law. No Stamp Act was in force during the undermentioned periods :- From 1st January to 9th May, 1809. “ 1st January to 24th October, 1833. « 1st January to 31st December, 1842. There were one hundred and eight Stamp Distributors on the 31st March, 1892, including sixty-four District Postmasters. 0 10 SCHEDULE OF STAMP DUTIES. Agreement under hand only · £0 2 0 Deeds, executed abroad, dc.- Agreement for rent of land not exceedin On every Deed or other Instrument exe- £5 per annum 006 cuted wholly out of the island, and not Articles of Clerks 500 o bearing the British ad valorem stamp, Bills of Exchange and Promissory Notes 15 01 the same duty as on like Instruments executed in the island. (inland) Of or above £10 and not exceeding £200 08 On every Deed and other Instrument exe. Exceeding 20 30 0 0 6 cuted partly out of, and partly in, the 30 50 009 island, on which the British ad valorem 60 100 0 1 0 duty has been impressed, one ball the And for every additional £100 or frac- island duty. tional part On every Deed or other Instrument exe- Bills of Exchange (foreign) drawn in this cuted wholly out of the island, bearing island (must be drawn in sets of three the British ad valorem stamp, the with the word “first," "second" or island duty, or in the option of the par " third" written or printed on the face ties a duty of £3 10 0 of each respective bill or part) But if any such Deed or Instrument, exo- On each part or bill of or above £10 and cuted partially or wholly out of the not exceeding £50 O 08 island, shall relate to land therein, and Above £50 and not exceeding £100 , 00 61 shall not be stamped within twelve And for every additional £100 or frac months from its execution, then the full tional part 006 island duty is payable. Bills of Lading (drawn in sets of three as On every Deed of any kind whatever, not above- charged in the schedule nor expressly On each part or bill 009 exempted from all stamp duty 0 16 0 Coastwise receipt Exchange- Bonds Above £30 and not exceeding £50 0 2 0 On every Deed, Decree or Instrument whereby lands or other hereditaments 100 0 4 0 are conveyed in exchange, if no sum or 100 200 0 8 0 a sum under £200 be paid for equality 200 300 0 12 01 of exchange 2 0 0 300 500 500 1,000 Above £200 ad valorem duty as on a sale And for every additional £1,000 or frac- on the sum to be paid. tional part 0 10 o Kettubah or Jewish Marriage Contract. 0 16 0 Certificates Leases of the admission of a Barrister • 15 0 0 If annual rent less than £1 On the admission of a Solicitor · 1000 ol Of or above £l and less than £5 Charter-party • 1 100 5 Cheques 10 On any Banker 15 0 1 0 20 On any person or firm, other than a 20 and not exceeding £100. Banker, for any sum not less than forty Above £100 and not exceeding £200 . shillings at sight or on demand, 001 And for every additional £100 or frac- Conveyances on Sale tional part · 0 10 When the purchase or consideration mo- ney does not exceed £10 05 Powers of Attorney- Above £10 and not exceeding £20 Ordinary power 010 01 To manage an estate 50 • 2 0 0 Licenses And for every additional £100 or frac- To retail firearms tional part 0 15 01 To retail petroleum 0 10 Oopartnership Articles • 1 10 01 To sell gunpowder • 4 0 0 Customs Warrants- To a banking corporation issuing notes Iowards and Outwards, per set 0 0 Marriage License 50 15 0 0 0 • 02 05 40 20 50 10 ol 10 100 oooo 142 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. . 10 01 0 10 0 50 » 1,000 SCHEDULE OF STAMP DUTIES, continued, Mortgages (Receipts-- Not exceeding £100. Or and above forty shillings and not ex- Above £100 and not exceeding £200 1 0 0 ceeding £50 . £0 0 1 And for every additional £100 or frac. Above $50 0 0 3 tional part Building Society Mortgages exceeding 500 In full of all demands or of that nature. 0 1 0 and not exceeding £600 Settlements- And for every additional £100 or frac- Whereby property, real or personal, shall tional part be conveyed upon any good or valuable Assignment of Mortgage 0 15 0 consideration other than a bona fide Plat or Diagram 2 0 pecuniary consideration. Policies of Insurance. Fire- Not exceeding £500 : 0 15 0 Not exceeding £100 . Above £500 and not exceeding £1,000 1 100 And for every additional £100 or frac And for every additional £1,000 or frac- tional part, up to £500 05 0 tional part . 1 10 0 Above £500 and not exceeding £1,000 . 2 O U 2,000. 2 0 0 Paper Stamps- 2,000 5,000 4 0 0 All exemplifications of wills, accounts. 5,000 • 6 10 0 current, &c., required to be recorded, For one month, one-fourth the annual rate, and all office copies authenticated by For three months, one-half the annual rate. the Deputy Keeper of Records, are sub- Forsix months, three-fourthstheannualrate. ject to the following stamps : Above six months, the full annual rate. When the same shall be under or amount Policies of Insurance. Marine, Foreign- to 600 words . 01 6 Not exceeding £200 And for every additional 600 words or 05 0 Above £200 and not exceeding £500 . fractional part .. . 01 6 0 10 0 And for every additional £500 or frac. Stamp Distributors are authorised to tional part charge over and above the amount of Marine, Coastwise (under Law 5 of 1882) stamp impressed upon any sheet of For every £20 or fractional part of £20 paper or form according to the follow- up to £500 ing scale :- Every £500 or fractional part of £500 0 2 6 On every slip bearing a stamp of 1/6, 21, Policies of Insurance. Life- 2/6 or 3/ :00 18 For £100 0 2 6 Above 31 And for every additional £100 up to £1,000 0 2 6 On each sheet or half sheet of foolscap or £1,000 for every £500 or frac- folio post ·00 13 tional part thereof 0 5 Medium paper · 0 0 3 Private Bills Royal ditto · 0 0 9 On every Private Bill introduced into the Legislature Imperial ditto . 0 1 0 · 50 0 0 Probatě Duty. Two per cent. on person- On each set of Foreign Bills of Exchange 0 0 6 alty above £100. On each set of Foreign Bills of Lading .00 6 Protests- On each Coastwise Receipt .00 13 On every Protest or other notarial act. 40 On each Form of Title .O io 0 5 0 0 . 0 1 y 000 or fractional partners ·002 ESTABLISHMENT OF THE STAMP DEPARTMENT. Office. Name of Holder. Salary and | Date of First other appointment to Emolument. Public Service. £ 8. d. Commissioner of Stamps Cashier Clerk . Philip E. Chapman George S. Thomson Vacant 600 0 0 | 1st Oct., '66 200 0 0 | 31st Oct., '73 80 0 0 CUSTOMS, EXCISE AND INTERNAL REVENUE. THE Revenues of the Island-Parochial as well as General-are collected and ac- counted for by a well organized Department under the control and direction of an officer styled the Collector General of Customs, Excise and Internal Revenue, in whose office is a staff consisting of a Supervisor of Revenue Offices, a Chief ( lerk and ten other Clerks, divided into three classes. In the Collector General's Office REVENUE DEPARTMENT. 143 in addition to the duties devolving on a department charged with the management and direction of the officers employed in the collection of a large and varied revenue, the accounts of the collecting officers are thoroughly examined, and the statistical returns for the whole island are collated from returns furnished by the local offi- cers. At Kingston separate establishments are maintained for the collection of Cus- toms revenue and the collection of the excise and internal revenues; but in the other parishes the whole of the duties is performed by the Collector of Taxes or by Subordinate Officers acting under his supervision, The staff for the conduct of Customs business at the Port of Kingston consists of a Collector, who is also Shipping Master and Inspector of Invoices; three First Class Clerks ; three Second Class Clerks ; five Third Class Clerks; a Surveyor, ten Landing Waiters (one of whom is Chief Tide Surveyor and another Assistant In- spector of Invoices); a Tide Surveyor at Port Royal and twenty-six Outdoor Officers, divided into three classes. The staff for the collection of excise and internal revenue consists of a First Class Collector; a First Class Assistant Collector; a First Class Clerk; a First Class Locker and Gauger ; a Second Class Clerk; and a Second Class Locker and Gauger. The staff in each of the the other parishes consists of a Collector, one or more Assistant Collectors, Landing Waiters, Lockers and Gaugers and Clerks. Each Collector of Taxes is stationed at the principal town of the parish and (ex- cept in Kingston and St. Andrew) besides the duties devolving on him in connec- tion with the collection of revenue, he has to discharge the duties of Parochial Troa- surer, and as such has charge of the local treasure chest, into which all local pay- ments pass and from which all local claims against the Government are met. The Collector is ex officio Manager of the Government Savings Bank and he issues and pays money orders drawn on and by the Treasurer in Kingston or any other Col. lector of Taxes. The Collectors, except the Collector for St. Andrew, do not travel except in special cases when ordered by the Head of the Department. In their offices are prepared and kept the roll of taxpayers and electors, the militia register and the register of licenses. Assistant Collectors of Taxes possess the same powers of collecting and enforo- ing the payment of taxes as Collectors. One or more is allotted to each parish, ac- cording to its size and importance, and they are stationed either at the Collector's office or at some place of importance in the parish. They are subordinate to the Collectors and aid them by receiving money at their offices and at fixed stations throughout the parish, which they visit periodically for the convenience of the tax. payers. The several distilleries in the island are under the inspection of these officers, who visit them at uncertain periods for the purpose of comparing the still house books and vouchers and checking the quantity of rum on hand. Collectors and Assistant Collectors of Taxes are also Distributors of Stamps. All Collectors and a few Assistant Collectors are provided with Clerks to assist in filling up in-givings and receipts, keeping the office records, preparing accounts and returns and performing clerical duty generally. These officers are not allowed to receive revenue as they are not under security for that purpose. One Clerk in each office is required to act as check officer and is styled Treasury Clerk. He is required to give security for the faithful performance of his duty. The Treasury Clerk initials all vouchers in proof of their correctness; he checks and initials the entries in the cash book, counts the cash at the close of the day with the Collector to see that the public money in the chest agrees with the cash book, and keeps & second key of the chest. Collectors and Assistant Collectors are required to enter into substantial security for the proper collection of, and accounting for money, and during the past nineteen years the whole of them have been guaranteed by the Jamaica Civil Service Mutual Guarantee Association. This Association during that period has only been called upon to make good the defalcations of three collecting officers, which amounted to £307 108. Od. Considering the large amount of money that passes through the hands of these officers this fact is as creditable to themselves as it must be gratifying to the public at large. 144 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. PORTS OP CLEARANCE. Ports of Entry. Principal Out-Bays at which Island Produce is shipped. Kingston Morant Bay Port Morant Port Antonio Annotto Bay. Port Maria St. Ann's Bay Dry Harbour Falmouth Montego Bay. Lucea Savanna-la-Mar Black River Alligator Pond. Milk River Salt River. Old Harbour. Cow Bay. Port Royal. Yallahs. Holland Bay. Manchioneal. Hope Bay. Buff Bay. St. Margaret's Bay. Orange Bay. Oracabessa. Rio Nuevo. | Ocho Rios. Unity Wharf. Runaway Bay. Rio Bueno. Green Island. Mosquito Cove. Davis Cove. Negril. Bluefields. Whitehouse. Parker's Bay. Carlisle Bay. 28. SCHEDULE OF TAXES. LAND TAX. GENERAL INTERNAL TAXES, continued. Quit Rent—8 Vic., C. 16; 21 Vio., C.34; and Each wheel of a cart £0 6 0 Law 2 of 1875. Each wheel of a hackney carriage 100 Upon every acre of land patented Each firearm to be used on the as such 1d. | premises of the owner . 0 2 0 PROPERTY TAX-LAW 26 OF 1868, Ditto to be used otherwise. 0 8 0 AMENDED BY LAW 17 OF 1890. POOR RATE-LAW 27 OF 1869, AMENDED BY Upon every acre or fraction of an LAW 28 of 1890. acre of land in cane, coffee, gin. On every house of the annual value of four ger, arrowroot, corn, groundnuts, pounds or upwards, a tax or duty after the cotton, tobacco, cocoa, vegeta- rate of one shilling and sixpence in the bles, bananas, cocoanuts or pound of such value. ground provisions . On every hut in a provision ground used as Upon ditto in Guinea grass. 14d. & place of temporary shelter the owner Upon ditto in common pasture, or having another residence in respect of in pimento, or in common pas- which poor rate is payable a tax or duty ture and pimento of Upon ditto in ruinate or wood | On every other house a tax or duty of 4s. TAX ON HOLDINGS-LAW 17 or 1890. Or such rate as may be fixed by the Revenue AMENDED BY LAW 11 OF 1891. | Commissioner after consideration of Esti- Holding not exceeding 5 acres 20mates prepared and furnished to him by 10 0 3 41 the several Parochial Boards. 0 4 81 DOG TAX-LAW 10 OF 1868. 0 5 4 On each dog in the city of Kingston and in 100 5 the towns of St. Jago de la Vega, Lipstead, 200 St. Ann's Bay, Falmouth, Montego Bay, 500 Lucea, Savanna-la-Mar, Black River, Man. 16 800 " deville, Chapelton, Port Maria, Annotto 1,000 " Bay, Port Antonio, Morant Bay and Port « 1.500 " 2 13 4 Royal 48. exceeding 1,500" 3 0 0 RECONSTRUCTION OF KINGSTON STREETS. GENERAL INTERNAL TAXES-LAW Fund for the Repair and Reconstruction of 30 OF 1867 AND LAW 17 OF 1890. the Kingston Streets-Law 31 of 1890. Each head of horsekind used on Each house in Kingston of the annual value roads 0 11 0 of £4 and upwards, 9d, in the pound. Each head of horsekind used solely *Each house below 44 20 30 for hire and for livery stable pur- | Each head of horsekind used in poses 0 7 0 the city 0 36 Each ass 0 3 6 Ditto solely for livery stable pur. Each wheel of a carriage . 0 15 0 poses Ditto solely for hire and livery Each wheel of a vehicle, with stable purposes 0 10 01 Springs, used in the city 0 5 0 * Collection suspended under Law 1 of 1892, 20 50 " " 00 +0000 10 01 16 8 0 2 6 REVENUE DEPARTMENT. 145 RECONSTRUCTION OF STREETS, continued. I Spirits-Law 9 of 1875. Ditto solely for livery stable pur. License to sell spirits by whole- poses £0 3 6 sale in Kingston £10 00 Each wheel of a vehicle, without Ditto in every other parish. springs, used in the city 0 3 0 License to retail spirits in King Each wheel of a hackney carriage ston, exclusive of Port Royal 25 00 used in the city 0 6 8 Ditto in the Towns of Spanish Unoccupied lands 0 3 ol Town, Linstead, St. Ann's Bay, FIRE RATE, KINGSTON-LAW 44 OF 1872 Falmouth, Montego Bay, Lucea, AND LAW 11 OF 1887. Savanna-la-Mar, Black River, Threepence in the pound annual value. Mandeville, Chapelton, Port Ditto other parishes where imposed, section Maria, Annotto Bay, Port An. 18 of Law 17 of 1875. tonio, Morant Bay, Port Royal, KINGSTON GAS RATE-LAW 12 OF 1876. Brown's Town, Bath, Porus, Buff Fixed by the City Council, subject to the ap Bay, Hope Bay, Stewart Town, proval of the Governor in Privy Council. Duncans, Ocho Rios, Dry dar- The rate for the year from 1st August, bour, Halfway-Tree, Gordon 1892, to 31st July, 1893, is 8d. in the Town, and Old Harbour Market 20 0 0 pound. Ditto in all other parts of the SANITARY RATE-LAW 14 OF 1873. island 10 0 0 The rate is fixed according to the sanitary _ Tavern-Law 11 of 1877. requirements of each parish. For every Tavern License in King. GENERAL PURPOSES RATE-LAW 10 OF 1886.) ston The rate is fixed according to the require- Ditto in the several other parishes ments of each parish. Hotel-Law 11 of 1877. RUM DUTIES-LAW 10 OF 1878, SEC. 5, For every Hotel License in King. AMENDED BY LAW 8 OF 1890. ston 10 0 0 On all rum and other spirits distilled in the Ditto in any other parish . 5 0 0 island and sold for consumption, 68. per Stills-Law 10 of 1878, Seo. 6. gallon. For each Still LICENSES. Trade-Law 18 of 1867 amended by Exclusive of Stamps.* | Law 9 of 1873 and Law 1 of 1885. Harkers and Pedlars-Law 41 of 1867. Merchants : For each personal license . £2 00 Storekeepers : For each transferable license. 2 10 0 Auctioneers in Kingston . Metal-19 Vic., c. 32, extended by Auctioneers in other parishes Law 18 of 1869 and Law 10 of 1872. Retail Storekeepers--Class 1. License to deal in the purchase and Ditto-Class 2. sale of, or barter and exchange Ditto-Class 3 in Kingston metals 5 0 0 Ditto-Class 3 elsewhere Agricultural Produce Buyers—Law 29 of 1890. Wharfinger . 2 10 0 For each license £2 0 0 Masters of Vessels or Supercargoes 5 0 License for sale of gunpowder and Proprietors of Newspapers . 1 10 0 fire arms 5 10 0 EDUCATION TAX, LAW 31 OF 1892. (£1 to Collector of Taxes and On every house of the annual value of £4 108. to Clerk of Petty Session, £4 and upwards, 6d. in the £. conditions specified in Law 23 On every hut on a provision ground 8d of 1870, Law 7 of 1877 and Law | On every other house 16. 4d. (one shilling and 19 of 1885.) fourpence.) SCHEDULE OF CUSTOMS DUTIES, &c. ADMEASURER'S FEES. These fees are levied under the 20th section of The Merchant Shipping Act, 1873, Part 2. agreeably to the Table in Schedule 3 of same Act, which is as follows: For a ship under 50 tons reg. tonnage £1 0 0 For a ship from 1,200 to 2,000 tons Do. from 50 to 100 1 10 0 register tonnage £6 0 0 Do. from 100 to 200 2 0 0 Do. from 2,000 to 3,000 7 0 0 Do. from 200 to 500 3 0 0 Do. from 3,000 to 4,000 8 0 0 Do. from 500 to 800 4 0 0 Do. from 4,000 to 5,000 9 0 0 Do. from 800 to 1,200 5 0 0 Do. from 5,000 and upwards 10 0 0 WAREHOUSE RATES. The charges for storing goods in the Queen's Warehouse are on a similar scale to those laid down in the Wharfage Law, 29 of 1869. All goods, after having been stored for three months, are liable to a charge of one-fourth more for every three succeeding months or part thereof. The cost of drayage to the Warehouse is charged for every package delivered from the Queen's Warehouse, in addition to the charge for rent. Packages or parcels belonging to the Government, the Army or the Navy, sent to the Queen's Warehouse are free of all rent or charge for drayage. * See Schedule of Stamp Duties, page 141. oo 00 00 000000000 or ON OF NOT 146 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. 000000000 1 0 : : 1 Cocoa, per 10014: per gallon , pickled, per bomo .0 2 6 Charges for storing gunpowder at forts or magazines, or some proper place of security approved by the Governor, under Law 18 of 1877, section 95:-2/ per brl. of 100lbs weight; 1) per half brl. ; 6d. per qr. brl. Charges for similarly storing arms, ammunition, and explosive substances other than gunpowder under Law 24 of 1885, section 37: Explosives—6d. per cubic foot for a space not exceeding 8 cubic feet and 3d. for each cubic foot in excess of 8 cubic feet; Arms- 6d. per package and 6d. per 112lbs. loose arms. IMPORT DUTIES-LAW 11 OF 1867, AMENDED BY LAWS 19 AND 26 OF 1890, AND 1 OF 1892. £ 8. d. 1 £ 8. d. Ale, Beer and Porter, per gallon 0 0 6 Pork, wet, salted or cured, per Bacon, per pound . 0 0 1 barrel of 200lbs. Barley (not Pearl Barley) per bushel 0 0 4 Petroleum and its products, crude Beef, wet, salted or cured, per brl. or refined, per gallon of 200 lbs. 011 3 Rice, per 1001 bs. Beans, per bushel 0 0 4 - undressed, per bushel Bread or Biscuits, per 100 lbs. 0 3 0 Salt, per 100lbs. Butter, Oleomargarine, Butterine Sausages, dry or pickled, per pound or other substitute for butter, Soap, per 100lbs. per lb. 0 0 1 Spirits, Brandy, per gallon . 0100 Calavances, per bushel .00 4 - Gin, per gallon Candles, composition, per pound .00 Rum, the produce of and - wax or spermacetti, per lb. 0 0 imported from British pos- Cheese, per pound . sessions, per gallon 0 10 0 Cider and Perry, per gallon 0 0 6 Whisky, per gallon .0 10 0 . 010 0 Spirits of Wine, Alcohol and all Coffee, British Colonial, per 100lbs. 1 0 0 other spirits, cordials or spirit- Corn, Indian, per bushel .00 3 ous compounds, per gallon 0 10 0 Fish, dried or salted, per 100lbs. .0 3 6 Sugar, unrefined, per 100lbs. .0 10 0 - smoked, not otherwise enu- Tea, per pound .0 1 0 merated or described, per Tobacco, manufactured, includ. pound .00 og ing Cavendish, per lb 0 1 0 Ålewives, pickled, per barrel of 200lbs. Unmanufactured, per pound 0 0 6 Herrings, pickled, per barrel - Cigars, per pound 0 5 0 of 2001bs. .0 2 6 Tongues, salted or cured, per barrel Herrings, smoked, per pound. 0 0 0 of 200lbs. . 0 15 0 Mackerel, pickled, per barrel Wheat, per bushel .00 6 of 200lbs. .0 4 6 Wines in bulk and in bottle, pickled, not otherwise enu- per gallon .0 2 6 'merated or described per bar- Wood, per every 1,000 ft of pitch rel of 2001bs. pine lumber, in rough or pre- - Salmon, smoked, per pound .0 0 2 pared for buildings, by super- - Salmon, wet or salted, per ficial measurement of 1 inch barrel of 2001bs. . thick .0 Flour, Rye, per barrel of 196lbs. .08 9 0 - Wheat, per barrel of 196lbs. .08 -- per every 1,000 ft. of white Gunpowder, per pound pine lumber, or other lumber, Hams, per pound by superficial measurement of Indigo, per pound 0 0 l'inch thick . 090 Lard and its compounds, per 2lbs . 0 0 0 - Shingles, Cypress, more Matches, Lucifers and others, per than 12 inches in length, per gross of 12 doz. boxes, each box thousand to contain 100 sticks, and boxes Shingles, Wallaba shingles, per containing any greater or lesser thousand .060 quantity to be charged in pro- portion ..0 5 0 - Boston Chips, and allshin- Meat, salted or cured, per barrel gles not otherwise enumerated of 200lbs. .0 150 or described, per thousand 0 4 0 Meal, not wheat meal, per barrel On all other Goods, Wares, Mer- of 196lbs. 0 1 6 chandize and effects of every Oats, per bushel .00 3 description not otherwise enu- Oil, other than petroleum and cot. merated, for every £100 value . 12 10 0 ton seed oil, per gallon .00 9 And after these rates for any great- Peas (not being split pease), per er or less quantity of such goods bushel .00 4 respectively. EXEMPTIONS. Animals, alive, and poultry | Beef, smoked and dried. Apparatus and appliances used for generat. ing, storing, or conducting electricity Beef and pork preserved in cans, not being Asbestos and tar paper for roofing wet salted or cured - :.0 4 6 ·060 REVENUE DEPARTMENT. 147 EXEMPTIONS, contd. Belting for machinery, of leather, canvas or Malt dust India-rubber Marble or alabaster, in the rough or squared, Birds worked or carved, for building purposes or Boats and lighters monuments Books, bound or unbound, pamphlets, news. Meat, fresh papers and printed matter in all languages Mess plate and furniture, band instruments Bones and horns for the use of the Army and Navy, on the Bottles of glass or stone ware certificate of the Military or Naval Com. Bran, middlings and shorts manding Officer Bricks (not bath bricks) Mills, whether they be for grinding canes, Bridges of iron or wood or of both combined paint, coffee, corn or grain of any kind, or Brooms, brushes and whisks of broom straw for sawing boards, raising water, or such as Bullion and Coin are set in motion by steam, horse, wind or Candles of tallow water power and all parts of the said mills Carts, waggons, cars and barrows, with or Molasses without springs, of all descriptions not Oil cakes, whole or in powder, and other being such as are ordinarily used as vehi- prepared food for cattle and animals cles of pleasure Oysters, preserved in cans Clocks and parts thereof Paper of all kinds, whether for printing, Coals and Coke writing, wrapping or packing or other pur. Cotton seed and its products, to include meal, pose, to include envelopes and bags of paper mealcake, oil and cottolene Patent fuel Cotton wool Pans for boiling sugar, whether of copper or Crucibles and pots of all kinds for melting iron metals Photographic apparatus and chemicals Diamonds Pipes for conveying fluids Drawings, paintings, engravings, litho- Printers' ink, all colours graphs and photographs Printing presses, types, rules, spaces and all Drugs, medicines and medicinal preparations accessories for printing of all kinds including patent or proprietary Pumps for raising water medicines Quicksilver Dyewoods Resin, tar, pitch and turpentine Eggs Railway truck wheels Fertilizers of all kinds natural and artificial Salt, rock Fish, fresh or on ice Sarsaparilla Fishing apparatus of all kinds Sewing machines and all parts and accesso- Flax ries thereof Fruits and vegetables, fresh or dried, when Shooks, tierces, puncheon and hogshead, and not canned, tinned or bottled Gas fixtures including pipes and stoves, and heads and casks, including box shooks all apparatus for generating, measuring or Slates storing gas Soda, ash or sub-soda Gold and silver coin and bullion Specimens illustrative of natural history, Guano and other manures | mineralogy and geology Hand machine for preparing fibre or for Starch of Indian corn or maize spinning cotton or wool Steam and power engines and machines, Hay and straw for forage machinery and apparatus, whether sta- tionary or portable, worked by power or by Hides, raw hand, for agriculture, irrigation, mining, Houses of wood complete the arts and industries of all kinds and all Hydraulic Presses necessary parts and appliances for the erec- Ice tion or repair thereof, or for the communi. Implements, utensils and tools for agricul- cation of motive power thereto ture, including axes, bill-hooks, cutlasses, Steam boilers and steam pipes diggers, forks, grass knives, hatchets, hoes, Stills or any part of a still picks, shovels and spades. Sugar, refined India-rubber and gutta-percha goods, includ- Sulphur ing water proof clothing made wholly or in Tallow and animal greases, grease or slushes part thereof Tan bark of all kinds, whole or ground Iron, galvanized Telegraph wire, telegraphic, telephonic and Iron for roofing, doors and shutters, and every electrical apparatus and appliances of all kind of iron doors and shutters kinds for communication or illumination Lamps and lanterns not exceeding ten shil- Tiles, marble and earthen, as well as paving lings each in value as defined in Section 24 | stones of Law 18 of 1877 Tongues, smoked and dried Leeches Tortoiseshell Lime of all kinds Tow Locomotives, railway rolling stock, rails, Trees, plants, vines and seeds and grain of railway ties and all materials and appli- all kinds for propagation or cultivation ances for railways and tramways Turtle Hemp 148 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. EXEMPTIONS, contd. Varnish not containing spirits Wire for fences, with the hooks, staples, Wall paper nails and the like appliances for fastening Watches and parts thereof the same Water-pipes of all classes, materials and Wood hoops dimensions and water-meters Wood, staves and headings, red or white Wax, bees' oak or ash Wire fencing, iron standards and also tomb Yeast cake and baking powders railings Zinc, tin and lead, in sheets THE FOLLOWING ARE ALSO EXEMPT FROM DUTY :- All packages containing goods subject to the ad valorem duty imposed by this law. The packages or coverings in which any articles imported into the Island are contained, being duly the usual or proper packages or coverings. Provisions and stores imported for the use of Her Majesty's Army and Navy and consigned by bill of lading to the Officer at the head of Her Majesty's Commissariat, the Military Storekeeper, or the Naval Commanding Officer of this island, on the production of the bills of lading and certificate of such officer that they have been solely imported for use of the Army or Navy aforesaid. Provisions, Wines, Spirits and Malt Liquors imported for the use of the Naval Staff and Naval Messes in this island, consigned by bills of lading to any Naval Officer or the Presi. dent of a Naval Mess, on the production of the bills of lading and the certificate of the officer, suck certificate being countersigned by the Officer Commanding the Naval Forces, that they have been solely imported for the use of such Officer or Naval Mess, and on an undertaking that they shall not be sold in the island without special permission of the Collector of Customs, such permission to be given only on payment of the duty. Provisions and stores imported by the Local Government for the Public Service on the certificate of the Revenue Commissioner. All Arms, Ammunition Appointments and other Public Stores, and all Uniform and Musical Instruments imported for the use of the Militia [Sec. 60, Law 35 of 1879]. Articles of Naval, Military and Civil Uniform for the personal use of the proprietor. All goods imported by the Governor for the use of his household or for himself as Go- vernor, DRAWBACKS. Goods, Wares and Merchandize upon which ad valorem duty under this law, or any pre- vious law of this island, shall have been paid, if duly exported within two years of their first importation a drawback equal to the duty paid on first importation. On the exportation of the following goods, on which the duty under this law or any previous law shall have been paid, without such goods having been bonded, if exported within twelve months of the first importation a drawback equal to the duty so paid :- Flour, Bread or Meal, not less than ten bar- | Beef, Pork or Pickled Fish, not less than rels of each article ten barrels of each Lard or Butter, not less than ten firkins of Rice, not less than five tierces or twenty-five each article bags Candles, not less than ten boxes Dried Fish, not less than one thousand Soap, not less than twenty boxes pounds weight Ale, Beer or Porter, not less than five hogs- | Tongues, not less than ten barrels heads of each in bulk, nor less than fif. | Lumber, not less than five thousand feet teen barrels of each, if in bottles Shingles, not less than five thousand. On the exportation of Bread or Biscuit, manufactured in this island, the duty paid on the flour consumed in making the same, but not to exceed the duty imposed on Bread or Biscuit imported. Drawback is allowed on shipbuilding materials or accessories of any kind for shipbuild. ing (not being rope or cordage, or wire rope of any kind) which shall have been im- ported into the Island and used in the construction, equipment or repairs, of vessels or boats of any kind, on presentation to the Chief of Customs at the Port of Importa- tion of a Certificate to the effect that such materials and accessories have been used as aforesaid under the hand of the builder or repairer of such vessel or boat, who used the same together with a Declaration from such builder or repairer that he believes such shipbuilding materials and accessories to have been imported into the Island. Drawback of excise duty, according to the strength of the spirit, is allowed to the ex- porter when duty paid rum is exported, provided twenty-four hours notice of inten. tion to ship be given to the local Collector of Taxes to enable him to make the necessary arrangements for testing the strength of the spirit and for its shipment under Customs supervision. See section 45 of Law 10 of 1878, as amended by Law 8 of 1890, and Regulations published in Gazette of 8th October, 1885. Drawback of excise duty paid on rum used in the manufacture of cordial is also allowed at the rate of 1/2 2-5d. for each gallon cordial exported, on its being proved to the Officer of Customs at the port of shipment that the cordial is of island manufacture and that such cordial contains not less than 20 per cent. of rum distilled in the island. See section 46 of Law 10 of 1878 as amended by Law 8 of 1890. REVENUE DEPARTMENT 149 os o . 0 - No es :01 LIGHT HOUSE DUES. Morant Point Light House-3d. per ton of registered tonnage, 3 Vic., c. 66. Plumb Point Light House--2d. per ton of registered tonnage for sailing vessels and 3d. for steamers (not oftener than once in three months), 15 Vic., c. 17 and 26 Vic., c. 9. Folly Point Light House-Erected under Law 17 of 1886. A uniform rate of fd. per registered ton to be charged on every vessel on the occasion of each entry or call at the Port of Port Antonio. Vessels in the service of Her Majesty, or of any Foreign Government, Pleasure Yachts and the Contract Coastal Steamers, are exempt. WHARFAGE. Schedule of Charges for Wharfage at the various Public Wharves in Jamaica- Law 29 of 1869. Bales, bundles, boxes, cases,chests, ) | Barrel of Tar, Pitch, Turpentine, / trunks and crates of Earthen or Wet Provisions, Salt, Coffee, Pi-£0 0 9 Glassware, not exceeding eight >£0 0 6 mentoor of a similar description | feet, except as hereinafter spe- Grindstones and Tombstones, per 009 cified, per cubic foot 112lbs. Above eight feet, per cubic foot 0 0 3 Hogshead or Puncheon Shooks Bolt of Canvas, Oznaburgh or Cro- o. 2 Chairs, Tables, Jointers, Piano / cus, loose Fortes, Desks, Sideboards, &c., 00 Cordage, per 112 lbs. 09 per cubic foot Mahogany, Cedar and other Hard / a Nord 0 12 0 Plough or Barrow Timber, per 1,000 feet Jack Screw 0 0 9 Nicaragua and Camwood, per ton. Chest of Tea . 0 10 Logwood, Fustic, Lignumvitæ, 1 Scantling, Plank and Boards,) Ebony and other Dye and Hard- 0 5 0 wroughtor unwrought, perthou-( woods, per ton sand superficial feet; Staves and/ 0 9 Hogsheadof Salt Fish, Salt, Lime, lo Heading, per 1,200 pieces Coals or Slates Shingles, per thousand, packed Hogshead of Tobacco, per 112 lbs. 0 y loosed Hogshead of Oats, Earthen or ļo 2 3 Spades and Shovels, per doz. Glassware Oars and Handspikes, per doz. Hogshead of Porter, Beer or Cider' 0 1 6 Vat or butt of Malt Liquor, per Tierce of Coffee 0 2 0 100 gallons Puncheons of Hams, Bacon or o, o Butt of Wine or Spirits Dried Meats Pipe of Wine, Brandy or Gin Tierce of Ginger, Pimento, Rice, į Hogshead of Sugar Cornmeal, Earthen or Glasswares Tierce of Sugar Barrel of Flour or other Dry Pro-L | Barrel of Sugar visions Puncheon of Rum Hampers or Baskets of Cheese or ? Sheep, Hogs and Goats, each Potatoes, per 112lbs. Coffee, receiving, weighing, tierc-l Jugs and Jars of all description, l o o ing and shipping, per 112tbs. S per gallon Coffee in bags, per 112lbs. Firkin of Butter, Beef, Tongues, Pimento in bags, per 112lbs. Herrings Barrel or half barrel Gunpowder .. Keg of Paint, per 56lbs. 0 3 Keg of Gunpowder Keg of Peas, Grits, Biscuits, Cur- / Coals, when loose, per ton rants or Dried Fruits Lancewood Spars, per dozen Box of Soap or Candles, per 112lbs. 0 0 3 Bottled Liquor in brls. or other Ironware, Pewter, Copper, Lead, 1 pkgs., per dozen bottles 5 Tin and Brass of every descrip-} 0 0 6 Oil and Vinegar, per gallon tion, per 112lbs. Iron Pote, Boilers and other hol- / Bricks, Tiles and Slate, per 1,000 . 09 0 low ware Paving Stones, each 0 0 3 Woodhoops, per 1,000 Dripstones, each 0 1 6 Ox Bows, per dozen Puncheon or tierce of Corn 0 l 3 | Hides, per dozen, wet Hogshead of Corn 0 2 0 Hides per dozen, dry Chest of Arms 0 6 0 Bags of all descriptions, per 112lbs. 0 0 6 Truss Hoops, per set 0 0 9 Puncheon of Temper Lime Smiths' Bellows, each 0 3 0 Corn and Salt, per bushel Butt and Pipe Staves and Head. / " " " if stored, per bushel 0 0 3 ing, per 1,000 2010 ° Coach or Chariot, including wheels 1 10 0 Horses, Mules, Asses and Horned } , Chaise or Cart Cattle, each o Bananas, per bunch (Law 24 of 1891) 0 0 14 And all Goods, Wares and Merchandize not herein particularly enumerated and set forth shall be paid for in proportion to the foregoing rates. Note-The legal rates are not always charged. At a good many of the wharves special arrangements are made and concessions granted. W Wood Wo SOHOOO O Ouco o OOwn Woon0 • 0 12 150 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. ESTABLISHMENT OF CUSTOMS, EXCISE AND INTERNAL REVENUE DEPARTMENT, Office. Name of Holder. Salary and Date of First other Appointment to Emolument. Public Service. £ 8. d. 850 0 0 July, 1862 560 0 0* Nov., 1875 360 0 0 Feb., 1874 230 0 0 Jan., 1878 210 0 0 Mar., 1882 200 0 0 | Aug., 1860 200 0 0 Sept., 1865 150 00 Aug., 1877 0 0 Jan., 1887 Mar., 1880 0 0 Feb., 1891 0 0 | Feb., 1890 80 0 0 110 10 120 0 0 HEAD OFFICE. Collector-General Robert Batten Supervisor of Revenue Offices B. C. Orgill Chief Clerk A. H. Miles First Class Clerk H. E. Ramson Ditto . W. B. Isaacs Ditto G.G. Nix Second Class Clerk J. A. Marshall Ditto J. C. Bonitto Ditto C. L, Scarlett Ditto T. S. Chapman Third Class Clerk | A. C. Findlay Ditto A. A. O'Meally Ditto One vacant Kingston Customs. Collector and Inspector Invoices . Charles Goldie Shipping Master First Class Clerk J. S. Brown Ditto H. Bogle Ditto A. R. Facey Second Class Clerk W. E. M. Drummond . Ditto A. S. Spratt Ditto A. K. McDermott Third Class Clerk E. B. Levy Ditto G. S. Shaw Ditto R. A. H. Stone Ditto One vacant Surveyor A. W. Hitchins First Landing Waiter and Chief? R. E. Nunes Tide Surveyor Second Landing Waiter and As- B. Daniel sistant Inspector of Invoices Senior Landing Waiter B. de S. Bell Ditto R. J. O'C Livingston . Ditto G. A. Burke Junior Landing Waiter J. M. V. Thomson Ditto G. D. Garsia Ditto J. H. B. Mais Ditto C. H. V. Hall Ditto . W. Douglas Tide Surveyor, Port Royal . F. H. C. Holwell First Class Out-Door Officer .R. E. Walker Ditto H. J. Katon Ditto J. S. Melbourne Ditto H, D. Campbell Ditto S. H. Bynge Ditto J. A. Kildare Second Class Out-Door Officer W. C. Plummer Ditto T. P. Walton Ditto . Cooke Ditto F. Luke Ditto .J. E. Melbourne Ditto .H. W. Mortlock Ditto A, E. Leeson Ditto R. E. Fowler Ditto C. K. Lambert Third Class Out-Door Officer D. A, Hudson Ditto W. Huggard Ditto | J. F. L. Henry Ditto J. Roberts Ditto . J. S. Bennett Ditto .TR. D. Barclay 00 Nov., 1863 150 0 0 250 0 0 Mar., 1876 250 0 0 Aug., 1875 250 0 0 Oct., 1871 0 0 May, 1880 0 0 Apr., 1885 100 0 0 Feb. 1890 Feb., 1892 90 0 0 Feb., 1890 85 0 0 Feb., 1891 370 Ö o Nov., 1868 250 0 0 Oct., 1872 225 0 0 Jan., 1874 180 0 0 Oct., 1879 0 Jan., 1882 180 0 0 Mar., 1882 0 0 June, 1881 0 0 Nov., 1876 0 0 May, 1883 0 0 Feb., 1883 0 0 Oct., 1884 0 0 Nov., 1876 0 0 Feb., 1874 0 0 April, 1869 0 Aug., 1875 0 Aug., 1875 0 0 July, 1872 0 0 Mar., 1871 0 Feb., 1874 0 0 May, 1877 0 0 Nov., 1884 0 0 April, 1885 80 0 0 Dec., 1886 0 0 Mar., 1887 0 0 Jan., 1890 0 0 Dec., 1889 0 0 Oct., 1886 0 0 Jan., 1890 70 0 0 Jan., 1890 65 0 0 June, 1891 65 0 0 Jan., 1891 65 0 0 Feb., 1891 60 0 0 Oct., 1891 • A per diem allowance when travelling of £l with cost of conveyance paid. REVENUE DEPARTMENT. 151 ESTABLISHMENT OF CUSTOMS, EXCISE AND INTERNAL REVENUE DEPARTMENT, oond. Office. Name of Holder. Salary and Date of First other Appointment to Emolument Public Service, R. R. Stuart E. W. Campbell G. A. Chambers H. E. Nix E. T. Reid $ 8. d. 65 0 0 Mar., 1891 65 0 0 April, 1891 60 0 0 April, 1892 60 0 0 June, 1892 60 0 0 Sep., 1892 Kingston Customs, continued. Third Class Out-Door Officer Ditto Ditto Ditto Ditto Kingston Internal Revenue. First Class Collector First Class Assistant Collector. First Class Clerk Second Class Clerk Locker and Gauger Ditto T. F. Clarke House allowance B. Chadwick W. C. Gauntlett K, A. Smith H. Barned J. H. E. Llewellyn 500 0 0 April, 1865 50 0 0 250 0 0 Sep., 1880 0 0 Jan., 1887 Feb., 1892 0 0 Mar., 1875 100 0 0 Mar., 1891 0 0 . 300 0 0 Mar., 1868 20 0 0 200 0 0 Oct., 1870 50 0 0 150 0 0 1 May, 1881 0 0 0 0 July, 1882 May, 1885 100 0 0 Aug., 1876 85 0 0 Feb., 1891 0 0 St. Thomas. Third Class Collector of Taxes . T. J. Breakspear Harbour Master Second Class Assistant Collector | C. M. Gifford of Taxes Travelling allowance Third Class Assistant Collector (C. M. Muir of Taxes Travelling allowance Third Class Landing Waiter H. F.J. Read Ditto D. M. Robertson First Class Clerk J. J. Orgill Second Class Clerk | W. D. E. Cumming Portland. Third Class Collector of Taxes . J. G. Chisholm Harbour Master Second Class Assistant Collector l | A. Taylor of Taxes Travelling allowance First Class Landing Waiter H. G, B. Murray Travelling allowance First Class Clerk L. Smyth Second Class Clerk 0. de Pass Out-Door Officer J. E. Davis St. Mary. Third Class Collector of Taxes . Henry James House allowance Third Class Assistant Collector G. L. Gifford of Taxes $ | Travelling allowance Ditto G. H. Davidson Travelling allowance Third Class Landing Waiter, &c. W. M. Robertson First Class Clerk S. H. W. Allwood Second Class Clerk A. W. L. Laing Third Class Landing Waiter . W. M. Cooke 300 0 0 Jan., 1863 50 00 100 | Nov., 1871 0 0 1 130 0 7 Sep., 1881 0 0 0 0 July, 1875 0 0 Feb., 1890 Oct., 1889 300 0 0 Feb., 1868 0 0 150 0 0 Jan., 1874 0 0 0 0 May, 1875 | 50 0 0 1 100 0 0 Oct., 1882 116 0 0 June, 1884 85 0 0 Feb., 1891 100 0 0 April, 1885 St. Ann. Second Class Collector of Taxes . J. S. Trench | House allowance . Ditto Assistant Collector of S. Binns Taxes | Travelling allowance Ditto A. G. Davidson | Travelling allowance Third Class Assistant Collector. R. H. Brice First Class Clerk G. E. R. Pearce Third Class Landing Waiter H. W. O'Donnell, . Second Class Clerk W. E. Armstrong 400 0 0 May, 1868 50 0 0 200 0 0 Oct., 1870 50 0 0 200 0 0 Oct., 1870 0 0 0 0 Mar., 1877 0 0 Sep., 1884 0 0 Aug., 1878 90 0 0 Feb., 1890 60 152 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. ESTABLISHMENT OF CUSTOMS, EXCISE AND INTERNAL REVENUE DEPARTMENT, contd. Office. Name of Holder. Salary and Date of First other Appointment to Emolument. Public Service. £ . d. 500 0 0 Feb., 1868 50 0 0 200 0 0 April, 1869 200 0 0 July, 1879 0 0 June, 1888 95 0 0 Dec., 1883 80 0 0 Oct., 1889 Feb., 1891 Trelawny. First Class Collector of Taxes . W. T. Jamison House allowance Second Class Assistant Collector and Surveyor of Customs J. A. S. Monaghan Second Class Assistant Collector | |J. L. Lord Travelling allowance First Class Clerk G. P. McGrath Second Class Clerk Vacant Third Class Landing Waiter J. K. Collymore Out-Door Officer H. B. Battley Ditto . | E. A. Davis Secono Taxes cerk First Clas A. St. James. First Class Collector of Taxes J. W. Gruber House allowance Close Assistant Collector | ge Šl and Surveyor of Customs First Class Assistant Collector /W.J. Pearson Travelling allowance First Class Landing Waiter, &c. . ] B. A. Lindo Second Class Landing Waiter . M. B. Burke First Class Clerk D. A. Rankine Second Class Clerk A. H. Packer Ditto F. A. D. Eves Out-Door Officer F. W. Edridge 500 0 0 Feb., 1868 50 00 250 0 0 Jan., 1874 250 0 0 | Oct., 1871 0 0 April, 1872 100 0 0 Feb. 1892 0 0 Nov., 1878 0 0 | Feb., 1892 90 0 0 Feb., 1890 0 July, 1887 0 0 300 0 0 Jan., 1869 20 0 0 200 0 0 Oct., 1866 100 0 0 116 0 0 July, 1887 80 0 0 Feb. 1892 80 0 0 July, 1886 Hanover. Third Class Collector of Taxes . E. P. Pullar Harbour Master First Class Assistant Collector . C. Baquie Travelling allowance First Class Clerk and Out-Door! T. E. R. Gordon Officer Second Class Clerk L. G. Carvalho Out-Door Officer A. W. Kennedy Westmoreland. Second Class Collector of Taxes . E. H. E. Maclaverty. House allowance . First Class Assistant Collector | A. G. Facey and Surveyor of Customs Sl Harbour Master Second Class Assistant Collector E. Wilson of Taxes Travelling allowance First Class Landing Waiter M. H. Bogle First Class Clerk 0. G. Gauntlett Second Class Clerk D. T. Seaton Third Class Landing Waiter E. J. Kennedy Out-Door Officer E. C. Williams St. Elizabeth. Second Class Collector of Taxes . Alexander Robertson . House allowance Second Class Assistant Collectorslo L. B. Cumm of Taxes Second Class Assistant Collector: S. E. Payne Travelling allowance First Class Clerk E. L. Fiddes Second Class Clerk Vacant Ditto F. L. Nicholas Out-Door Officer A. J. Rodgers 400 0 0 June, 1865 0 0 250 0 0 May, 1869 0 0 0 Jan., 1870 0 0 0 0 Dec., 1875 0 0 Feb., 1890 0 0 Feb., 1890 100 00 Dec., 1880 60 00 Oct., 1891 . Aug., 1862 0 0 April, 1874 0 0 Aug., 1878 June, 1885 0 0 0 Feb., 1890 Dec., 1891 POST OFFICE. 153 ESTABLISHMENT OF CUSTOMS, EXCISE AND INTERNAL REVENUE DEPARTMENT,continued. Name of Holder. Office. Salary and Date of First other Appointment to Emolument Public Service. £ 6. d. 400 0 0 Oct., 1867 50 0 0 250 0 0 April, 1855 75 0 0 150 0 0 Jan., 1873 124 0 0 Aug., 1879 85 0 0 Feb., 1891 300 Manchester. Second Class Collector of Taxes R. C. J. Baquie House allowance First Class Assistant Collector G. C. Hutchings of Taxes Travelling allowance Third Class Assistant Collector. C. A. Pasmore First Class Clerk J. E. Sherlock Second Class Clerk H. F. Isaacs Clarendon. Third Class Collector of Taxes R. R. S. Spalding Second Class Assistant Collector . R. N. Berwick Travelling allowance Second Class Assistant Collector. L. J. Lee Travelling allowance Third Class Assistant Collector E. P. Mudie Travelling allowance Harbour Master First Class Clerk P. J. Browne Ditto J. P. K. King Second Class Clerk J. L. Windett St. Catherine. Second Class Collector of Taxes . W. Cork House allowance First Class Assistant Collector E. C. Baines of Taxes Sl Travelling allowance Third Class Assistant Collector C. S. Foote of Taxes SI Travelling allowance Third Class Assistant Collector, &c. J. Addison First Class Clerk W. J. Henderson Second Class Clerk . E. L. Minot Second Class Locker and Gauger . W. M. Lewin Second Class Clerk .E. Millingen Second Class Assistant Collector . J. Smythe 0 0 July, 1868 200 Aug., 1868 July, 1878 150 June, 1881 50 0 0 20 0 0 100 0 0 July., 1883 116 0 0 April, 1880 9000 Feb., 1890 400 0 0 Aug., 1868 50 0 0 250 0 0 Oct., 1870 75 160 May, 1873 150 0 0 April, 1878 136 0 0 Sep., 1879 80 0 0 Sept., '92 100 0 0 May, 1885 85 0 0 Feb., 1891 2000 0 Aug., 1874 St. Andrew. Third Class Collector of Taxes First Class Clerk Second Class Clerk .L. A. Rattigan Travelling allowance D. Bailey J.J. Elliott 300 0 0 Oct., 1870 60 00 140 0 0 Feb., 1873 85 0 0 Feb., 1891 POST OFFICE DEPARTMENT. 1.-PostaL. It is difficult to say what were the postal facilities which existed in this island prior to the establishment by the Imperial Government of Post Offices and Postal Agen- cies in its colonial possessions and in certain foreign countries in the year 1711, for there are not any records in the Post Office Department from which such infor: mation may be gathered. Reference, however, to the Journals of the Assembly shews that on the 17th March, 1706, it was ordered by the House of Assembly “that Richard Banks, Francis March, and Thomas Finch, Esquires, be appointed a Committee to prepare and bring in a bill for the erection of an office for the receipt and safe con- veyance of letters." This would appear to have been the first step taken towards pro- viding an organized Post Office in this island. We have failed to trace in the Journals of the House what action was taken by the Committee as the report does not appear in the records. 154 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA, A Post Office, however, seems to have sprung into existence between 1706 and 1776, for on the 24th of October of the latter year we find a Committee being appointed “to enquire into the state of the Post Office of the island," and such Committee re- porting on the 17th December, 1777. The report of this Committee is remarkable for its brevity; it merely states that “the County of Cornwall cannot answer by return packet.” Again on the 14th April, 1749, we find John McCulloch being summoned to appear at the bar of the House to explain under what authority he exercised the duties of a Postmaster and collected postages, and stating that he did so under warrant from Elliott Benger, Her Majesty's Deputy Postmaster-General of the North American and British West India Possessions. The rate of postage then was “sixpence for each letter not exceeding 100 miles, and one shilling sterling for any letter above that, and so in proportion for a double and treble letter." There are several other instances of persons being summoned before the Assembly to shew cause why they exercised the functions of Postmasters, and it is curious to remark that each such summons was accompanied by an order to produce, at the same time, all letters addressed to members of the Assembly. In one instance the widow of John McCulloch was so cited to appear and to explain the cause of delay in the conveyance of certain packet letters, when she stated that she was entitled to discharge the duties of Postmistress under the warrant held by her late husband; that she had farmed the office to another party; and that the mails were conveyed by mules or slaves as most convenient. The practice of farming the revenues of the Post Office, which existed in England until nearly the end of the eighteenth century, would therefore appear to have existed also in this island. On the 17th of December, 1814, a report was made to the Assembly by a Committee which had been appointed to enquire into the state of the Post Office. Such report stated that the Post Office was established under the authority of the British Statutes 9 Anne, c. 10,5 Geo. III., c. 25, and that the rates of postage, island as well as packet, were fixed by the latter in 1765, being 11d. single, 1/10 double, 2/6 treble, and 3/4 per ounce for inland letters; and for the conveyance of packet letters the following addi- tional rate, viz., 1/3 single, 2/6 double, 39 treble, and 5/ per ounce, so that for a packet letter weighing one ounce the sum of 8 4 was charged. Correspondence with the mother country was then a very expensive luxury. The same Committee goes on to report, “that a surcharge of 10 per cent. not war- ranted by law, is generally made on packet letters delivered in Kingston and of 7 d. for letters sent to the General Post Office for merchant ships or for men-of-war, which sums appear to be claimed as perquisites by the Clerks in the Kingston Post Office. That the compensation allowed to Deputies is 10 per cent. on postage collected and 10 per cent, on newspapers delivered, the latter a perquisite from the Postmaster- General.” At this time the office of Postmaster was held by John Milbourne March at a salary of £400 per annum. Between the years 1815 and 1820 the revenue of the Post Office is stated to have averaged £10,450, and the expenditure for salaries, &c., £7,244, Such is, as far as can be ascertained, briefly the early history of the Post Office in Jamaica, which continued to be a branch of the Imperial Post Office until the year 1860, when it was transferred to local rule. The transfer was first mooted in 1847 and revived in 1855, but decisive action was not taken until the year 1859, when Her Majesty's Postmaster-General in a letter which formed an euclosure to a despatch from the Secretary of State for the Colonies, stated “ that the time had arrived for the Postmaster-General to abandon a control which he could not efficiently exercise over posts so distantly situated, and that the management of the Post Office would therefore be transferred from the hands of the Postmaster-General to those of the Colonial Government on and from the 1st April next.” The above decision was arrived at after an Officer of the Imperial Post Office Department, Mr. Anthony Trollope, had visited the island in 1858 and reported on the subject. The proposal to transfer the Post Office to the Colonial Government was never at any time favourably received by either of the Legislative Bodies, i.e., the Legislative Council and the House of Assembly, and to this disinclination to assume its control may be attributed the delay which took place between the date of the proposal to POST OFFICE. 155 transfer the office and the date of the assumption of the office by the colony. The question was debated in both Houses time after time, with much warmth of feeling, and it is very interesting now to read the arguments adduced on both sides. On the 15th December, 1859, the House of Assembly adopted the report of a Com- mittee to the effect "that the Island Post Office having been hitherto satisfactorily conducted under the control of the Postmaster-General of England, it is not advisa- ble that the management should now be assumed by the Local Authorities; and fur- ther, that in the present financial condition of the island it could ill afford the addi- tional burthen of a loss on the Department;' and it was recommended that the Post- master-General be requested to continue the control of the Post Office. This determination was based on a statement which was prepared by the Accoun- tant-General of the General Post Office, London, shewing that the revenue of the Jamaica Post Office for the year ended 30th June, 1858, was £9,595 17s. 6d., while the expenditure amounted to £9,898 19s. 1d., leaving a deficit of £303 1s. 7d. From this it would appear that the Department was not at the time self-supporting. The result of the reference of the question back to the Secretary of State was that the Governor was informed that it was not optional on the part of the Colonial Government to take over the administration of the Local Post Office, and that if the necessary arrangements were not complete at latest by the 1st June, 1860, the action of the Iinperial Government in carrying on the colonial posts would finally cease. Sir Charles Darling thereupon summoned a special session of the Legislature to whom he communicated the decision referred to. The Legislative Council at once expressed its readiness to give its best consideration to the proposed Act to enable the Local Government to assume the conduct of the Department, but the passage of the bill was delayed in the House of Assembly in consequence of a certain portion of the Governor's speech at the opening of the session having been considered a breach of the privileges of the House. On the 3rd April, 1860, the Assembly however passed the bill, which also passed through all its stages in the Legislative Council on the following day, but as the Assembly had so amended the bill as to constitute the Go- vernor one of the Commissioners to conduct the Post Office, the Executive Commit- tee being the Commissioners named in the draft, Sir Charles Darling expressed his inability “ to concur in an arrangement which converted Her Majesty's Representa- tive into a Commissioner for the immediate management of a Department of his Go- vernment” and prorogued the Chambers to the 5th April. On that day the matter was again forcibly brought under the notice of the Assembly and on the 13th April the bill was finally passed and assented to by the Governor, in the form suggested by the Executive. Sir Charles Darling in proroguing the Legislature stated that the country would no doubt be glad to learn that it was at length determined that internal communication by post should not be suspended.” The date fixed for the transfer of the Post Office was, as already shewn, the 1st June, 1860, at latest; but on the representation of the Governor the time was extended, and it was not until the 1st August, 1860, that the control of the Post Office was as- sumed by the colony. Up to the date of the transfer the office of Deputy Postmaster-General was held by Mr. O'Connor Morris at a salary of £1,000 per annum, but on the reduction of the salary, under the new arrangement, to £600 per annum Mr. Morris resigned and Mr. Alexander J. Brymer, who was the Chief Clerk, was appointed Postmaster for Jamaica, which office he continued to hold until he resigned and was succeeded by Mr. William Kemble. Mr. Kemble continued in office until 1st May, 1870, on which date he retired on a pension, Mr. Frederick Sullivan, Chief Clerk, being ap- pointed to the office. The following is a brief epitome of the principal improvements and changes which have been effected in the service of the Janaica Post Office since its management has been assumed by the Colony :- November, 1863.-Money Order System with the United Kingdom: Money Order Exchanges now exist with the other Colonies, the United States of America and the Dominion of Canada. Ist January, 1872.-Compulsory prepayment of Inland Postage and House Delivery by Letter Carriers in Kingston : prior to this date a partial delivery only existed. 1st April, 1877.- Entrance of the Colony into L 2 156 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. the Universal Postal Union under the auspices of the Mother Country, the result being a gradual reduction of the Foreign Letter rate of postage from one shilling per half ounce to two-pence halfpenny per half ounce; a corresponding reduction being also made in other classes of mail matter. Inland and Foreign Post Cards were issued on the same date and Reply Post Cards were introduced on the 16th June, 1883. On the 4th November 1878, the Mail Coach Service was established.* During 1879 the American Private Letter Box System was established at the head office, Kingston. 1st October, 1885.- Parcel Post Exchange with the United Kingdom, since extended to the United States, the other Colonies and the Dominion of Canada : for regulations and rates of postage see pages 171-174. 12th Oct., 1887.- Postage and Revenue Stamp Law, 1887, sanctioning the unification of the Postage and Revenue Stamps came into force. 1st September, 1888.-Newspaper wrappers with embossed half-penny postage stamps issued. 1st April, 1890.-In- troduction of Postal Order System : for regulations see pages 168-170 On the same date, 1st April, 1890, the pre-payment of Official Postages was authorized, and the Franking privilege discontinued In 1860, when the Colony took over the con- trol of the Post Office, the Inland rate of postage on a letter not exceeding half an ounce in weight was 4d, if conveyed a distance not exceeding 60 miles; over 60 but not exceeding 100 miles 6d.; over 100 miles 8d. Since that time gradual and mate- rial reductions have been made and the Colony now enjoys the Penny Postage Sys- tem which was introduced on the 1st January, 1890 : for rates of Inland Postage see page 182. Fuller details of the above changes and improvements will be found in chrono- logical order in previous issues of the Handbook. The following are the days of departure and arrival of the Royal Mail Steamers conveying mails, fortnightly, between Jamaica and the United Kingdom, viâ Barba- dos and Jacmel :- To Jamaica.—Leave Southampton every alternate Wednesday at 6 p.m. Arrive Jamaica every alternate Friday at 8 a.m. From Jamaica.—Leave Jamaica every alternate Tuesday at 2 p.m. Arrive South- ampton every alternate Wednesday at 9 p.m. The return Packet Express Mails leave the Terminal Post Offices for Kingston overy alternate Monday and are due in Kingston on the morning of Tuesday, the day of the departure of the Steamer. The mails for Great Britain by the Royal Mail Steam Packet Company's steamers are made up at the General Post Office, Kingston, at the following hours:- Registered letters and parcels, 9 a.m.; newspapers, 10 a.m.; ordinary letters, 11.30 a.m. Late letters may be posted at the General Post Office, on payment of a fee of three- pence, up to 12.30 p.m. From that time until the steamer leaves the wharf a Post Office Clerk is stationed on board the steamer to receive late letters. The late fee of sixpence in each case must be pre-paid by means of stamps. There is not any Contract Mail Service between Jamaica and the United States of America, although they are frequent opportunities for the exchange of mails in Kingston and at the outports. The most frequent and regular opportunities in Kingston are by the Steamers of the Atlas Company which at present leave on each alternate Thursday at 9 a.m. The opportunities at the outports are by the Steamer of Messrs. J. E. Kerr & Co. of Montego Bay and of the Boston Fruit Company at Port Antonio. Direct communication between Jamaica and Belize is maintained by means of the steamers of the Central American S. S. Company which arrive from New York and leave for Belize about every eighteenth day. There is a monthly mail service between Jamaica, Halifax, Bermuda and Turks Islands, by means of the Steamers of Messrs. Pickford & Black which arrive here about the 25th of each month and leave three days after. The steamers are subsi- dized by the Government of the Dominion of Canada. * For lines of Coaches now in existence see Travelling in Jamaioa. POST OFFICE. 157 POSTAL UNION. The rates of postage to places in the Universal Postal Union are as under:- ter For Post Cards. perounce For a Packet of Printed Papers per 2 ounces. For a News- paper. For Commer- For Pat- e cial Papers. terns. Countries. Registra- tion Fee. Single eply For 1 d. 3d. United Kingdom and 2 d. other Postal Union Countries* 1d. per 4 028. 1d. 24d. for 4 ozs.; 1d. per 4d. | if exceeding 2 ozs. | 4 ozs., 1d. per 2 ozs. id. I 2d. United States of 2:a. America; Canada and Hayti 1d. per 2 ozs. d. 2 d. for 4 ozs.; £d. per 4d. if exceeding 2 ozs.; 4 ozs., 1d. per Mini- 2 ozs. mum rate, 1d. Printed papers and Commercial papers may be sent to any country of the Postal Union under the Book Post regulation. It is forbidden to send through the Post to a country of the Postal Union- 1st. Any letter or packet containing gold or silver bullion, pieces of money, jewelry or precious articles. 2nd. Any packet whatever containing articles liable to customs duty. 3rd. Any article of a nature likely to stain or injure the correspondence. In addition to all kinds of printed, engraved or lithographed matter, legal and com- mercial documents and music in manuscript may be sent as a book-packet. Proofs of printing or of music may bear correction with a pen, and may have manuscript annexed to them. Circulars, &c., may bear the signature of the sender, his trade or profession, place of residence and a date. A book may have a dedication or com- plimentary inscription in manuscript; and printed and lithographed stock or share lists, prices-current, and market reports may have the prices added in writing. Commercial papers and printed papers must be sent under band or in an open envelope, so as to admit of the contents being easily withdrawn for inspection, but if they present the form and consistency of an unfolded card they may be forwarded without a cover. No packet of Printed matter or Commercial papers for transmission to countries of the Postal Union must exceed 18 inches in any direction, unless it be in the form of a roll in which case the limits of size will be 30 inches in length and 4 inches in diameter; and no such packet for other places abroad must exceed two feet in length or one foot in width or depth; the extreme limit of weight is 4 lbs. for a single packet for countries in the Postal Union and 5lbs for other countries. Pattern and sample packets for places in the Postal Union must not exceed 1 foot in length, 8 inches in width, 4 inches in depth, unless it be in the form of a roll, in which case the limit of size will be 1 foot in length and 6 inches in diameter. The limit of weight is 8 ounces except when addressed to Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Congo Free State, Costa Rica, Egypt, France, Greece, Guatemala, Hawaii, Holland, Hungary, Italy, Liberia, Luxemburgh, Mexico, Portugal, Roumania, Salvador, Servia, Siam, Switzerland, Tunis and the United States of America, the limits of which are 1 foot in length, 8 inches in width, 4 inches in depth, and 12 ounces in weight. The term “printed papers” has reference to newspaper and periodical works, books stitched or bound, pamphlets, sheets of music, visiting cards, address cards, proofs of printing, with or without the manuscript relating thereto, engravings, photographs, drawings, plans, maps, catalogues, prospectuses, announcements and notices of various kinds, whether printed, engraved or lithographed; and, in general, all impressions or * These are rates charged at present; but they are under consideration of the Imperial Post Office. 158 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. copies obtained upon paper, parchment, and cardboard, by means of printing, litho- graphingoranyother mechanical process easy to be recognized, except the copying press, engraving or the type writer. Stamps for pre-payment, whether obliterated or not, as well as all printed articles containing the representative sign of a monetary value are excluded from the reduced postage applicable to“ printed papers." Patterns of merchandize can only be forwarded by the ordinary post under the following conditions :- They must be placed in bags, boxes or open envelopes, in such a manner as to admit of easy inspection. They must possess no saleable value, nor bear any manuscript beyond the name or social position of the sender, the address of the addressee, a manufacturer's or trade mark, number and prices. Pattern of merchandize may also be forwarded by Parcel Post subject to the conditions stated hereafter. LIST OF COUNTRIES, &C., COMPRISED IN THE UNIVERSAL POSTAL UNION. Argentine Republic, viz. :-Buenos Ayres, i vante, Fenerive, Fiaranantson, Foulpointe, Santa Fe, Estre Rios, Corientes, Cordova Ivondro, Maevatanana, Mahambo, Maha- La Rioja, Santiago del Estero, Tuenman, noro, Mahila, Maintinaro, Majunga, Ma- Catamarca, Salta and Jujiry, San Luis, nanjary, Morandava, Morotsangana, Nog- Mendosa and San Juan and including si-Vé, St. Mary, Tamatave, Tananarive, Eastern part of Patagonia and Terra-del Vatomandry, Vohemar, New Caledonia and Fuego. Dependencies, the French portion of the Australia. Low Archipelago and the French Estab- Austro-Hungary, including Principality of lishments in India and in Cochin China. Lichtenstein, Germany (including Heligoland). Belgium. German Colonies, viz. : Marshall Islands Bolivia. New Guinea (portion of) Samoa (Apia), Bosnia, Togo Territory, including Bageida, Little Brazil. Popo, Lome, and Porto Seguro, and terri. British Borneo. tory in South West Africa, viz., Grand Bulgaria, Principality of. Namaqua, the Damaras Country, and Cameroons. Southern portion of Ovambo, Bagamoyo Canada, Dominion of, viz.: Ontario, Quebec, and Dar-es-Salaam, Lindi and Tanga, in New Brungwick, Nova Scotia, British Co- East Africa, lumbia, Manitoba, Vancouver's Island, Gibraltar, (including the British Post Office Prince Edward Island and Cape Breton at Tangier, Laraiche; Rabat; Cassablanca Island. Saffi; Mazagan and Mogado.) Chili, including Western parts of Patagonia Great Britain and Ireland. and Terra-del-Fuego. British Colonies (in addition to those sep&- Colombia, Republicof; Barranquilla, Bogota, rately mentioned) of Antigua, Bahamas, Buenaventura, Carthagena, Colon, Pana Barbados, Bermudas, British Guiana, Bri. ma, Porto Bello, Santa Martha, Savanilla. tish Honduras, British New Guinea, Cey. Congo, including Black Point, Majumba and lon, Dominica, Falkland Islands, Fiji Nyanza. Islands, Gambia, Gold Coast, Grenada Costa Rica. and the Grenadines, Hong Kong, Labuan, Cyprus. Lagos, Mauritius and Dependencies (the Denmark, including Iceland and the Faroe Amirante Islands, the Seychelles and Rod. Islands. riques), Montserrat, Nevis, Newfoundland, Danish Colonies of Greenland, St. Croix, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Vincent, Sierra St. John and St. Thomas. Leone, Straits Settlements (Penang, Singa. Dominican Republic (San Domingo). pore and Malacca), Tobago, Tortola, Trini. Ecuador. dad and Turks Island. Egypt (including Nubia and Soudan). British India, Hindostan and British Bur. France, including Algeria, Principality of mah, and the Indian Postal Establish- Monaco and the French Post Offices estaments of Aden, Muscat, Persian Gulf, blished at Tunis, Tangier (Morocco), and Guadur and Mandalay. at Shanghai (China), Cambodia, Annam Greece, including Ionian Islands. and Tonquin. Grey Town. Hayti. French Colonies of Martinique, Guadeloupe Herzegovina and Dependencies. French Guiana (Ca- Guatemala. Hawaii. yenne), Senegal and Dependencies, Ah- Honduras, Republic of (including Bay gwey, Gaboon, Grand Bassam and Half-l Islands). Jack, also Sette Cama and Assinee, Reu- Italy, including the Republic of San Marino nion, Comoro Islands, Mayotte and De- and the Italian Offices of Tunis and Tri- pendencies. French establishments in poli in Barbary, Massowah, Egypt and Madagascar, viz.. Ambosetra, Andevo- *Assab, Abyssinia. POST OFFICE. 159 LIST OF COUNTRIES, &C., COMPRISED IN THE UNIVERSAL POSTAL UNION, continued. Japan and Japanese Post Offices in Shang, Portuguese Colonies of Goa and its Depen. hai, Cheefoo, Chin-King, Hankow, Ningpo dencies (Damao and Diu), Macao, Timor, Fouchow, Newyang, Kiukiang and Tien- Cape de Verd Islands and Dependencies tsin (China) and at Fusampo (Corea). I (Bissao and Casheu), Ambrizetti, Islands Liberia. of St. Thomas and Prince (in Africa), with Luxemburg. the Establishment of Ajuda, Angola, Malta and its dependencies, i.e., Cozzo, Delagoa Bay and Mozambique. Comino and Ciminotto. Roumania (Moldavia and Wallachia). Marquesas Islands. Russia, including Finland. Mexico. Salvador. Montenegro. St. Pierre et Miquelon. Natal Servia. Netherlands. *Siam. Netherland Colonies of Dutch Guiana (Suri- Spain, including the Balearic Islands, the nam), Curaçox and Dependencies (viz: Canary Islands, the Spanish possessions Bonaire, Aruba, the Netherland portion of on the Northern Coast of Africa and the St. Martin, St. Eustache and Saba), Republic of Andorra, and the Postal Es- *Java, Madura, Sumatra, Celebes, *Bor- tablishments of Spain upon the Western neo (except Northwest part) Billiton, Coast of Morocco. Archipelagos of Banca and Riouw, Sunda Spanish Colonies of Cuba, Porto Rico, Fer- Islands (Bali, Lombok, Sumbawa, Floris nando Po, Annobon and Dependencies. and the Southwest part of Timor), the Ar- *Phillippine Islands and Marian Islands. chipelago of the Moluccas and the North-Sweden. west part of New Guiana (Papua). Switzerland. New Guinea, German Territory of Tahiti. New Zealand. Turkey, European and Asiatic. Nicaragua. United States of Colombia ; Barranquilla, Norway. Bogota, Buenaventura, Carthagena, Colon, Paraguay. Panama, Porto Bello, Santa Martha, Patagonia. Savanilla. Persia, via Russia, and via Persian Gulf. United States of America. Uruguay. Peru. Venezuela. Portugal, including Madeira and the Azores. Zanzibar. Prepayment of all classes of correspondence must be effected by means of Stamps. Letters not specially directed by a particular route will be sent by the first mail despatched. 160 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. RATES OF POSTAGE TO PLACES NOT COMPRISED IN THE UNIVERSAL POSTAL UNION. ON EACH FOR A BOOK PACKET OR NEWS- LETTER. PACKET OF PATTERNS. PAPER. COUNTRIES NOT COMPRISED IN THE POSTAL UNION. Not exceeding 1 oz. Above } oz., not exceeding 1 oz. La For each additional half-ounce. 2 or be | Not exceeding 4 ozs. ei For each additional four ounces. Registration Fee. Not exceeding 1 oz. P | Not exceeding 2 ozs. | Above 2 ozs., not exceeding 4 oze. | Above 4 ozs., not exceeding 6 ozs. | Above 6 ozs., not exceeding 8 ozs. | For each additional For euch additional 2 ozs. 4 OZ8. l es o e or S OF OT OTOT .ooo . OTOT OT • Ho Ho • es eso . . ooo • Wes es • • 11 OT OTOT o NA sooooo con A c. Abyssinia (in) c.a. Africa (West Coast Na- tive Possessions) (in) c. Arabia (in) Ascension Bechuanaland Protectorate Including-Kanye, Lake Ngami, Macloutsie, Ma- shonaland, Matabeleland Molepolole. Palach we (Khamas Town), Sho. shong, Tati River, and Zambesi Cape Colony 3 42 China c.a. Madagascar via Marseilles 5 (except St. Mary, Tamatave and Majunga " c. via Mauritius 5 5 11 | 14 3 41 6 14 c. Morocco (except Tangier, | 5 | 133 41 16 | 13 Laraiche, Rabat, Casa- blanca, Saffi, Mazagan and Mogador Prepayment to Morocco is compulsory, with the exception of Casablanca, Laraiche, Mazagan, Mogador, Rabat, Safti, and Tangier, to which places onl these places (at each of which the Gibraltar P.0, maintains an agency under the Postal Union regulations) correspondence can be sent under the conditions applicable to Gibraltar, Orange Free State 10 | 10 | 11 1114111 St. Helena 10 1A 4 c.a. Sarawak (in) 6 11 c. Society Islands South African Republic (Transvaal) (c) denotes that payment is compulsory, it being in all other cases optional; (a) that an additional charge is made on delivery ;(in) that the Registration is incomplete, not extend- ing beyond Port of Arrival. Prepayment of all classes of correspondence must be effected by means of Stamps. INLAND POSTAGES. The following are the existing Regulations with respect to Inland Postage:- BOOK LETTERS. Post-CARDS. PACKETS. PARCELS. Newspapers Prices Current Registration For each For each For each Half-ounce each. each. | two ounces two ounces Fee. or fractional Single. Reply Paid, or fractional or fractional part thereof. part thereof. part thereof. One-penny. I Half-penny. One-penny. / Half-penny. Half-penny. Half-penny. One-penny. I Four-pence. Letters, newspapers, prices current and book packets which are wholly unpaid will be liable to a surcharge equal to double the prepaid rate; and, if they be in- sufficiently prepaid, to a surcharge equal to double the deficiency. tion extend .. FIT . 1 POST OFFICE, 161 Post cards which have been issued to the Post Office Department only are avail- able for inland circulation. Any other card will be surcharged at the letter-rate of postage. The postage on a parcel must be fully prepaid or it cannot be forwarded. A book packet may not exceed 3 pounds in weight, nor 2 feet in length, nor 1 foot in width or depth, except it be intended for transmission by Mail Coach. (See * note below.) A Parcel may not exceed 8 ounces in weight, 2 feet in length nor 1 foot in width or depth, except it be intended for transmission by Mail Coach. (See note below.) Newspapers, prices current, book packets and parcels must be posted without a cover, or in a cover open at the ends or sides so as to admit of the contents being easily withdrawn for examination. They must not contain any letter or communication of the nature of a letter, nor anything that may injure the officers of the Post Office or the contents of the mail bags. If any letter or communication of the nature of a letter be found in a newspaper, prices current, book packet or parcel it will be withdrawn and surcharged at the wholly unpaid letter-rate of postage. If inseparable the whole packet will be liable to the letter-rate of postage. The following may, however, be transmitted by book post :- OLD LETTERS which have apparently passed through the Post before and have served their original purpose. COPIES OP LETTERS which do not bear a present date and which it is manifest are not serving the purpose of original letters. LETTERS which are intended for publication in a newspaper or otherwise. CIRCULARS, i.e. which, according to internal evidence, are being sent in identical terms to several persons and the whole or greater part of which is printed, en. graved or lithographed Such letters and circulars must not, however, be closed in any manner and must be so put up as to admit of easy examination of their contents. Any letter or other mail matter may be registered on pre-payment of the regis- tration fee and postage. Packets containing money, jewelry or other value, must be registered and must be prepaid at the letter-rate of postage. Any Packet found to contain value, but not registered, will be liable to a surcharge equal to double the registration fee, viz., eight-pence. NOTE.-Parcels intended for transmission by Mail Coach, or which are addressed to places abroad, must not be put into the Letter Box, but must be handed to the Postmaster. ARRIVAL AND DEPARTURE OF INLAND MAILS. The mails from and to the country districts respectively are due at and despatched from the General Post Office as under :- Due at. Depart. Due by. Depart by. Windward : 9.53 a.m. , 4p.m. Northside By a.} ? Portland 8.45 a.m. 4.27 p.m. . 9.5 a.m. . 4 p.m., Southside / Train. r Mails are exchanged daily by each Passenger Train between Kingston, Linstead, Ewarton, Old Harbour, May Pen, Four Paths, Porus, Shooters Hill, Mile Gully and Balaclava. There are also daily mails between Kingston, Halfway-Tree, Gordon Town, and Cold Spring, and between Kingston and Up-Park Camp, and between Kingston and Port Royal The delivery of correspondence by letter carriers takes place daily from the Gene- ral Post Office as under, viz:-9.15 a.m., 11.15 a.m., 3.15 p.m. The mails are made up at the following hours :- Newspaper, Registered Ordinary Late Letters. Books, &c. Letters. Letters. 1d. Extra. | 2d. Extra. P.M. P.M. P.M. P.M. P.M. 2.00 2.15 3.00 3.10 3.20 Southside Mails Northside “ Windward " via Bath Portland " via An- notto Bay Daily Mails to Port Roy-? al, Gordon Town, &c. $1 2.15 3.00 162 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA, There are ten Street Letter Boxes at the following places, which are cleared as under :- Letter Box. Daily. For Fortnightly Packet Mails. A.M. 8.25 8.35 8.45 A.M. 10.25 10.35 10.45 10.50 10.55 9.50 P.M. 12.40, 2.25 12.50, 2.35 1.00, 2.45 1.05, 2.50 1.10, 2.55 12.20, 2.10 A.M. 10.25 10.35 10.45 10.50 10.55 9.50 8.50 8.55 8.00 1. North-st. and King-st. 2. Parade and King-st. 3. Harbour-st. and Princess-st 4. Port Royal-st. and Luke? lane 5. Victoria Market 6. Camp Cross Road, Police Station 7. Allman Town, Prince of Wales-st. and Race Courso 8. Kingston Garden, Central Avenue and North-st. 9. Rae Town, Elletson Road und Tower-st. 10. Park Lodge Hotel, Wind-l ward Road 8.30 10.30 12.45, 2.35 10.30 12.50. 2.40 8.35 8.15 10.35 10.15 10.35 12.35, 2.15 10.35 10.15 10.35 8.35 12.55, 2.35 N.B.-A special clearance of the Boxes, except Nos. 6, 7 and 8 is made on the morning of the closing of the Mail for U. S. America by the fortnightly Atlas S. S. Coy's. Steamer. ARRIVAL AND DEPARTURE OF DAILY MAILS FROM AND FOR KINGSTON. Arrival from Kingston. Distance Departure for Kingston Names. in miles from Hour. Kingston. Hour. P.M. 3.40 3.55 A.M. P.M, Up-Park Camp) 10.00 12.00 & Halfway-Tree (via Up-Park | 10.00 12.00 & Gordon Town Camp. 4.50 Cold Spring 6.55 Port Royal 4.45 OBAN A.M. P.M. 9.30, 10.15, 12.15 & 2.25 9.15, 10.20, 12.20 & 2.00 8.25 6.20 8. 5 ARRIVAL AND DEPARTURE OF TRI-WEEKLY MAILS FROM AND FOR KINGSTON, &c.t Distance of Arrival from Kingston. Departure for Kingston Names. Miles from Kingston. Days. Hour. Days. Hour. A.M. Tu. Th. Sat. P.M. ... | Tu. Th. Sat. NORTH-WESTERN TRUNK, POST OFFICES ON MAIN LINE. *Spanish Town *Linstead } by Train *Everton Moneague Claremont 6 0 7 00 8 30 4 05 9 45 2 50 P.M. 11 30 | Wed. Fri, Mon.(12 45 A.M. Wed. Fri. Mon. 12 30 2 0 Saint Ann's Bay Laughlands Dry Harbour Rio Bueno Duncans Falmouth Little River Montego Bay 5 45 106 117 7 35 9 15 * See also page 167. Corrected to now Railway Time Tables of 15th March, '92, POST OFFICE. 163 ARRIVAL AND DEPARTURE OF TRI-WEEKLY MAILS FROM AND FOR KINGSTON, &c. Distance in Arrival from Kingston. Departure for Kingston Names. Miles from Kingston | Days. Hour. Days. (Hour. NORTH-WESTERN TRUNK, POST OFFICES ON MAIN LINE, contd. Flint River 131 A.M. P.M. Wed. Fri. Mon. 11 45 Wed. Fri, Mon. 12 15 P.M. A.M. 1 30 10 30 5 5 6 30 Lucea Green Island 142 154 A.M. 7 20 P.M. 2 40 20 49 56 55 67 BRANCH OFFICES. Lluidas Vale via Ewerton Crofts Hill Walkers' Wood via Moneague Pedro York Castle ſ vi& Claremont Ocho Rios Retreat | via St. Ann's Oracabessa Bay Davis Town Gayle Guy's Hill via Re!reat Pear Tree Grove via Guy's Hill Brown's Town) Stewart Towu via Alexandria | Dry Harbour Cave Valley Clark's Town Jackson Town via Duncans Ulster Spring Hampden Adelphi via Falmouth Anchovy via Montego Bay .. WODOW OTWOOD OTOT HA DE 103 O COWORONOR ECO-1076 O 103 103 110 10 10 P.M. CD A Tu. Th. Sat. Tu. Th. Sat. 33 SOUTH-WESTERN TRUNK, POST OFFICES ON MAIN LINE. *Old Harbour *May Pen Four Paths By Train *Porus Mandeville Spur Tree 32 3 45 Santa Cruz Lacovia Middle Quarters Black River Whitehouse Bluefields Savanna-la-Mar 6 50 90 10 40 2 06 A.M. P.M. Wed. Fri. Mon. 1 10 Wed. Fri. Mon. 11 0 9 55 9 10 745 540 99 114 119 129 3 45 2 0 A.M . Grange Hill 138 1 30 8 30 P.M, 6 8 no SOUTH-WESTERN TRUNK, BRANCH OFFICES. Hayes Alley Salt River via May Pen Chapelton Frankfield Milk River via Four Paths 4 53 2 10 A.M. 5 0 ve a P.M. . * See also page 167. 164 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. ARRIVAL AND DEPARTURE OF TRI-WEEKLY MAILS FROM AND FOR KINGSTON, &c. Distance la Arrival from Kingston. Departure for Kingston. in Miles Names. from Kingston. Days. Hour. Days. Hour. A.M. P.M. Wed. Fri, Mon. 6 0 Wed, Fri. Mon. SOUTH-WESTERN TRUNK, BRANCH OFFICES. *Shooter's Hill *Mile Gully *Balaclava Svia Mandeville Newport Cross Keys Devon Maidstone ne via Mile Gully S Christiana via Shooter's Hill Pratville via Newport Watson's Hill via Sourire Southfield { via Spur Tree Alligator Pond' via Watson Hill Malvern via Santa Cruz Siloah via Lacovia Newmarket via Middle Quarters Bethel Town Chester Castle Ramble Copse via Chester Castle Little London) Petersfield via Sav.-la-Mar Darliston noongnuoc nic 100 111 117 120 Tu. Th. Sat. SOUTH-EASTERN TRUNK, POST OFFICES ON MAIN LINE, Bull Bay Saint David Morant Bay Port Morant 6 0 | Tu. Th. Sat. 7 53 10 22 11 51 A.M. Bath Wed. Fri. Mon. 1 20 Wed. Fri, Mon. 11 4 Plantain Garden River Manchioneal Priestman's River Port Antonio A 1 . 6 42 8 30 SOUTH-EASTERN TRUNK, BRANCH OFFICES. B. M. Valley ! via Morant Bay Trinityville NORTH-EASTERN TRUNK, POST OFFICES ON MAIN LINE. Halfway-Tree Stony Hill Annotto Bay P.M. Tu. Th. Sat. | Tu. Th. Sat. A.M. 8 35 4 30 6 24 110 5 a coordig 718 Wed. Fri, Mon. Wed. Fri, Mon. 10 55 * Buff Bay Hope Bay St. Margaret's Bay NORTH-EASTERN TRUNK, BRANCH OFFICES. Glengoffe via Stony Hill Richmond } via Annotto Bay Port Maria Hampstead via Port Maria . Hagley Gap DO WOT DOGS * See also Pago 167. POST OFFICE. 165 DEPARTURE OF RETURN PACKET EXPRESS MAILS FROM EACH DISTRICT POST OFFICE FOR KINGSTON. Names. Day. Hour. Tuesday 9 45 a.m. . .. 12 45 p.m, .Da. NORTH-WESTERN TRUNK, POST OFFICES ON MAIN LINE. Spanish Town Bog Walk }by Train Linstead Everton Moneague Claremont Saint Ann's Bay Laughlands Dry Harbour Rio Bueno Duncans Falmouth Little River Montego Bay Flint River Lucea Green Island Monday . Il 10 16 0 . . .. .. 9 10 " 8 05 " 6 30 " 4 40 66 300" 12 15 a.m, 10 30 15 6 30 " .. . Monday - " " 66 " BRANCH OFFICES, Lluidas Vale via Ewarton. Crofts Hill Walker's Wood via Moneague Pedro York Castle via Claremont Ocho Rios Salt Gut via St. Ann's Bay Oracabessa Davis Town Gayle { via Salt Gut Guy's Hill Pear Tree Grove via Guy's Hill Brown's Town Stewart Town via Dry Harbour Alexandria Cave Valley Clark's Town Jackson Town via Dincans Ulster Spring Hampden Adelphi via Falmouth Anchovy via Montego Bay 15 ork WOTE NA OVO OTOR OI 888888888888808 ooooo w Tuesday 9 00 8.m, SOUTH WEST TRUNK. POST OFFICES ON MAIN LINE. Old Harbour May Pen Four Paths By Train Porus Mandeville Spur Tree Santa Cruz Lacovia Middle Quarters Black River Whitehouse Bluefields Savanna-la-Mar Grange Hill Monday Now or VOFNW OO OO OOO 5 20 3 45 2 00 12 00 noon 166 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. DEPARTURE OF RETURN PACKET EXPRESS MAILS FROM EACH DISTRICT POST OFFICE FOR KINGSTON, Names. Day. Hour. Monday 6 p.m. von . SOUTH-WESTERN TRUNK, BRANCH OFFICES. Hayes Alley via May Pen Salt River Chapelton Frankfield Milk River via Four Paths Shooter's Hill Mile Gully Balaclava via Mandeville Newport Cross Keys Devon { via Mile Gully Maidstone Christiana via Shooter's Hill Pratville via Newport Watson's Hill . via Spur Tree Southfield Alligator Pond via Watson Hill Malvern via Santa Cruz Siloah via Lacovia Newmarket Bethel Town Chester Castle > via Middle Quarters Ramble Copse Little London Petersfield via Savanna-la-Mar Darliston OTNOT V NON wes or es or low co o 8 HOS OSSO GOOOOO56000006 COCO A 1 30 p.m. 11 15 a.m. 12 00 noon 9 00 a.m. Tuesday Monday SOUTH-EASTERN TRUNK, POST OFFICES ON MAIN LINE. Bull Bay Saint David Morant Bay Port Morant Bath Plantain Garden River Manchiopeal Priestman's River Port Antonio 3 49" 1 56 " 11 27 p.m. 9 58 . 8 29" 7 0 " 4 25 " 2 20 " 12 O noon 5 18 p.m. 3 30 " Tuesday Monday 38 a.m. 10 50 p.m. 7 15 " 3 45 " 20" SOUTH-EASTERN TRUNK, BRANCH OFFICES. B. M. Valley Trinityville { via Morant Bay NORTH-EASTERN TRUNK, POST OFFICES ON MAIN LINE. Stony Hill Annotto Bay Buff Bay Hope Bay St. Margaret's Bay NORTH-EASTERN TRUNK, BRANCH OFFICES. Glengofte via Stony Hill Port Maria via Annotto Bay Hampstead via Port Maria Hagley Gap Cold Spring Gordon Town Halfway-Tree Up-Park Camp Port Royal Richmond ( Annette Roy 4 0 70" 5 0 - Tuesday 8.m 8 9 8 POST OFFICE. 167 ARRIVALS AND DEPARTURE OF DAILY MAILS FROM AND FOR KINGSTON AND EACH INTERMEDIATE OFFICE ON RAILWAY LINE. Despatch. Arrivals. Offices, 1st Train. 2nd Train. 3rd Train. 1st Train. 2nd Train. 3rd Train. A.M. A.M. P.M. A.M. P.M . P.M. 7.00 8.15 Down: Kingston to Balaclara- Kingston Spanish Town Old Harbour May Pen Four Paths Porus Shooter's Hill Mile Gully Balaclava 3.00 3.30 7.25 8.55 8.25 9.20 10.00 1.15 2.10 2.40 3.25 3.00 3.50 4.30 4.45 3.30 4.10 5.00 5.40 5.35 3.50 8.30 9.00 9.20 9.40 10.05 10.45 11.25 11.45 6.15 5.45 6.05 6.25 6.50 4.10 4.35 5.10 6.00 6.15 10.35 7.00 7.25 Kingston to Ecartom- Kingston Spanish Town Bog Walk Linstead Ewarton 2.15 2.10 2.50 2.45 8.25 3.30 4.10 5.10 5.05 8.30 8.20 8.50 9.00 9.15 3.00 3.15 3.30 3.40 5.15 5.35 5.50 6.05 UP: 8.00 8.05 2.30 2.35 5.45 8.45 6.10 6.30 6.45 7.20 8.00 8.25 8.55 9.00 9.45 1.00 1.15 1.50 2.30 3.00 3.25 3.35 4.10 3.15 4.10 6.40 Balaclava to Kingston, Balaclava Mile Gully Shooter's Hill Porus Four Paths May Pen Old Harbour Spanish Town Kingston Earton to Kingstom- Ewarton Linstead Bog Walk Spanish Town Kingston 3.50 60 7.00 7.00 7.40 8.30 8.45 9.40 9.20 10.00 10.30 11.00 7.25 4.25 5.15 5.30 6.30 6.45 7.10 8.55 9.10 9.35 9.45 3.20 3.35 4.00 4.10 7.25 7.30 7.40 8.30 8.45 9.55 10.00 10.30 11.00 4.20 4.30 5.15 5.30 The daily mails between Kingston, Halfway-Tree, Gordon Town and Cold Spring, between Kingston and Up-Park Camp and between Kingston and Port Royal, arrive at and depart from the General Post Office as under :- Offices. Due at G. P. O. Depart from G. P. O. Up-Park Camp .. Halfway-Tree Gordon Town and Cold Spring Port Royal . 10 a.m., 1la.m. 1.15, 3 p.m.9.20, 11,20 a.m. 3.15 p.m. . 10, 11 a.m. 1,15, 3 p.m.9.20, 11.20a.m. 3.15, 4 p.m. 10 a.m. 3.15 p.m. . 9.35 a.m. 3.15 p.m. 168 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA, €2 56 5 10 4 0 The mails for transmission by the Mail Coach between Porus and Savanna-la-Mar and between Ewarton and Montego Bay are closed at the General Post Office on Mon- days, Wednesdays, and Fridays at 7 a.m., and are due at the General Post Office on Tuesdays, Thursdays and Saturdays by the last train. MONEY ORDERS. Money Orders are issued at the head office, Kingston, and at the several Parochial Treasuries. Applications for Money Orders addressed either to the Postmaster for Jamaica or to a Parochial Treasurer are free of postage and registration fee. The commission on Money Orders drawn on the United Kingdom areas under:- For any sum not exceeding £2 - Os. 9d. Above £5 and not exceeding £7 - 28. 3d, Above £2 and not exceeding £5 - 1s. 6d. | Above £7 and not exceeding £10 - 38. Od. The commissions on Money Orders drawn on the United States and Canada are as under :- Canada. United States. For any sum not exceeding is. Od. Os. 9d. Above £2 and not exceeding 5 2 0 1 6 7 3 6 2 3 3 0 The rate of exchange of Money Orders between the United States, Canada and Jamaica is $4 87c. to the £. The commissions on Money Orders drawn on Barbados and British Guiana and the Leeward Islands are as under:- For any sum not exceeding £2 - Os. 6d. | Above £5 and not exceeding £7 - 18. 6d. Above £2 and not exceeding £5 - 18. Od. Above £7 and not exceeding £10 - 28. Od. No single Order can be granted for more than ten pounds. No application can be entertained for compensation for alleged injury from the non- payment of a Money Order at the expected time. When a Money Order is applied for it must be on the clear understanding that no such claim will be allowed, and that the Post Office is not liable, under any circumstances, to more than one payment of a Money Order, even when, notwithstanding the precautions that are taken, the Order has been paid to a person not entitled to receive the money. Re-payment to the Re- mitter of a Money Order cannot be made until the Chief Office of the Paying Country has been communicated with; and applications for re-payment should be accom- panied by a sum equal to the original commission on the Order. An additional charge of 6d. is made for each Order issued on the day of the closing of the mail for England and the United States. A Through Money Order Exchange also exists between Jamaica and certain British Colonies and Foreign countries viâ the United Kingdom. Such Through Money Orders are subject on paymont to a deduction of a sum equal to one-third of the Commission collected at the Office of Issue. The full name and address of the Payee of a Through Money Order must be given to enable the Chief Money Order Office, London, to forward to the Payee a Money Order for the net amount payable, the Money Order issued to the Remitter being only of value as a receipt for the amount paid and should be retained by the Remitter. INLAND POSTAL ORDERS. The following are the Regulations relating to the issue and payment of Postal Orders within Jamaica- 1. Every Postal Order shall be for one of the following amounts, and in respect thereof the following commission shall be paid :- Amount. Commission. Amount. Commission. Sixpence Half-penny Two Shillings & Sixpence Half-penny One Shilling - Half.penny Five Shillings One-penny One Shilling & Sixpence Half-penny Ten Shillings - Two-pence 2. Postal-Orders will only be issued at a Post Office, and will be payable only at the Treasury, Kingston, or at any Parochial Treasury in the island. posT OFFICE 169 3. Postal Orders will, however, be cashed by any District Postmaster or by any Assistant Collector of Taxes (subject to these Regulations) when their respective offices are open; and, provided, that they have sufficient funds for that purpose. They will also be accepted in payment of taxes or other public dues, whenever they have been filled up for payment at the Treasury of the parish in which such dues are being paid. 4. Before a Postmaster issues a Postal Order, the amount of the Order and the Commission thereon shall be paid to him, and he shall sign the Order and stamp it with the Office-Dated-Stamp, specifying the day of the month in which the Order is issued. 5. The amount of a Postal Order, and the commission thereon, must be paid to the Postmaster in cash. Postage stamps will not be accepted in payment for Pose tal Orders; but postage stamps may, however, be affixed to a Postal Order to an amount not exceeding five pence for the purpose of increasing to that extent the value of such Postal Order. Any stamps in excess of that amount which may be affixed to a Postal Order will not be redeemed by the Paying Officer. 6. Each Postal Order shall be printed on such paper and in such characters and with such distinctive marks, whether on the face of it or in the paper or otherwise and the amount of the commission shall be denominated by means of such stamp or mark as the Postmaster for Jamaica, under the authority of the Governor, shall from time to time direct. 7. The blanks in a Postal Order for the name of the person entitled to the money (in these Regulations referred to as the Payee) and for the name of the Treasury at which it is to be paid may be filled in before or after issue. 8. If the blanks are not filled in before issue the person to whom the order is issued must, before parting with it, fill in the name of the Payee and may fill in the name of the Treasury at which the amount is to be paid. 9. The Payee must sign the receipt at the foot of the Order, and must also fill in the name of the Treasury if that has not already been done. 10. No alteration can be made in the name of the Payee or of the Treasury when once filled in except by the direction of the Chief Treasurer. 11. When a Postal Order is presented for payment, otherwise than through a Banker, the Paying Officer shall require the receipt for the amount of the Order to be first signed and may refuse payment until he is satisfied that it is signed by or under the authority of the person appearing to be the Payee. 12. He may also if the receipt is not signed in his presence, take reasonable means to satisfy himself that the person presenting the Order is either the Payee or his Agent. 13. He shall also require the person presenting the Order to sign his name on the Order before its payment, although the receipt has already been signed. 14. Nevertheless the signature to the receipt shall, in all cases, be a sufficient au- thority to the Paying Officer for the payment of the amount of the Order if that signature purports to be the signature of the Payee, and it shall not be necessary to prove that the receipt was signed by or under the authority of the Payee. 15 A Postal Order may be crossed. It may be crossed generally by the addition on its face of the words "and Company,” or any abbreviation thereof, between two parallel tranverse lines thus: “S & Co." or of two parallel transvere lines simply. It may be crossed specially by the addition on its face of the name of a Banker in which case the order shall be deemed to be crossed to that Banker. 16. A Postal-Order which is crossed generally may also be crossed specially. 17. A Banker to whom a Postal Order is crossed may again cross it specially to another Banker as his Agent for collection. 18. Where a Postal Order is crossed generally, the Paying Officer may pay it to any responsible person known to him, as well as through a Banker. 19. Where a Postal Order is crossed specially, the Paying Officer shall refuse to pay it except to the Banker to whom it is crossed or his Agent for collection. 20. Where a Postal Order is crossed specially to more than one Banker, except when crossed to an Agent for the purpose of collection, the Paying Officer shall ro- fuse payment thereof. 170 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. 21. If a Postal Order, which is crossed whether generally or specially, is presented by or through a Banker with the name of such Banker written or stamped upon the face thereof that name may be accepted as a sufficient receipt for the amount of the Order and the Order may be paid without any other receipt. 22. Provided that when the Order is crossed specially to a second Banker as Agent for collection the name of such second Banker written or stamped upon the face of the Order may be accepted as a receipt under this Regulation. 23. An Order which is crossed generally or specially, if presented for payment by or through a Banker, may be paid at any Treasury in Jamaica notwithstanding that the blank has been filled in with the name of some particular Treasury. 24. After the expiration of three months from the last day of the month in which any such Order is issued the Order shall be payable only on payment, in the manner for the time being directed by the Chief Treasurer, of a commission equal to the amount of the original commission with the addition (if more than three months have elapsed since the said expiration) of the amount of the original commission for any further period of three months which has so elapsed and for any portion of any such period of three months over and above any complete period. 25, A Postal Order will be payable during the hours for the time being appointed for public business at the Office at which it is presented for payment. 26. If a Postal Order presented for payment has any erasure or alteration, or is cut, defaced or mutilated, the Paying Officer may refuse payment and refer the per- son presenting it to the Chief Treasurer. 27. Payment of a Postal Order may be refused or be delayed, but the Paying Officer shall immediately report the cause thereof to the Chief Treasurer. 28. Upon paying a Postal Order the Paying Officer shall immediately place in the space provided for that purpose an impression of his Office Stamp specifying the date of payment, and thereby cancel the Order; but such cancellation must only be done at the several Treasuries. A Postal Order which may be cashed by a District Postmaster, an Assistant Collector of Taxes, or be received in payment of taxes or other public dues, shall not be so stamped by them or either of them as it will not be considered to have been paid until it has been presented, accepted, and dealt with, as before directed, at the Treasury at which it is made payable. 29. A Postal Order which has been cashed by a District Postmaster or by an As- sistant Collector of Taxes must not be re-issued, but must be included in the first remittance of public revenue to the Treasury at which such Order has been made payable. 30. District Postmasters and Assistant Collector of Taxes must, however, take care that all the Regulations herein laid down have been strictly complied with in the case of Orders which they cash or accept in payment of taxes or other public dues, 31. The payment of the amount of a Postal Order, to whomsoever made, shall discharge the Postmaster for Jamaica, the Chief Treasurer and their Officers from all liability whatsoever in respect of that Order notwithstanding any forgery, fraud, mistake or loss which may have been committed or have occurred in reference to auch Order or to the procuring thereof or to the obtaining the payment thereof; and notwithstanding any disregard of these Regulations, and notwithstanding any- thing whatsoever. PARCEL Post. A Parcel Post Exchange between Jamaica and the United Kingdom; certain places viâ the United Kingdom; British Colonies in the West Indies; and the United States of America is now in operation. Parcel Post business is transacted at the Head Office, Kingston, ( Blundel Hall") and at the District Post Offices in places called at by the Mail Coaches, the Coastal Steamer and Railway and such other offices as may be notified from time to time. Parcel mails for the United Kingdom and British Colonies in the West Indies are made up in Kingston on every alternate Wednesday for despatch by the Royal Mail Contract Line of Steamers-parcels being received up to 12 o'clock on that day. Parcel mails for the United States are closed for despatch by each direct oppor- POST OFFICE 171 tunity from the Port of Kingston-the hour of closing being duly notified on each occasion. The Parcel Post rates of postage to all places, as well as the limit of size and weight, and general conditions, will be found in the Table below. The following are the most important special regulations and conditions to be ob- served with respect to parcels for the United Kingdom and British Colonies :- The postage must in all cases be paid in advance, and by means of postage stamps, which must be affixed by the sender, and no parcel will be accepted for transmission which is not sufficiently prepaid. Each parcel must be plainly directed, such directions setting forth the name and full address of the person for whom the parcel is intended. It should bear the words “ Parcel Post” in the upper left hand corner, and the name and address of the sender. The date of posting should also be added. A parcel must not be posted in a Letter Box but must be taken into a Post Office and presented at the counter to the Postmaster or person in charge. A certificate of posting may be obtained, if desired, by the person posting a parcel but no liability attaches to the Post Office in respect thereof. Parcels will be liable to Customs duties and regulations, and the sender of each parcel will be required to make a Customs declaration furnishing-upon a special form provided for the purpose, which can be obtained at any Post Office--an accurate statement of the contents and value, the date of posting, and the sender's signature and place of abode. Customs duties will be collected before delivery. No parcels containing dangerous articles, perishable articles, articles likely to in- jure other parcels, liquids unless securely packed in proper cases, or any contraband articles or substances will be accepted for transmission. A parcel must not contain another parcel or other postal packet intended for delivery to a person other than the addressee of the first-named parcel. If on examination of any parcel there shall be found in or with the same any paper or communication of the nature of a letter such paper or communication will be with- drawn therefrom, and will be forwarded to the addressee thereof; or, if it be not ad. dressed, to the addresses of the parcel in or with which the same was found enclosed; and the said lettter will besurcharged for delivery at the unpaid inland rate of postage. Parcels containing articles of an aggregate value exceeding £50 will not be accepted for transmission Parcels re-directed from one address to another will be surcharged a fresh postage at the pre-paid rate. If a parcel cannot be delivered as addressed or is refused the sender, if his address be given on the parcel, will be communicated with by the Post Office as to the manner in which the parcel shall be disposed of. If returned or re-directed from one country to another the parcel will be charged a full rate of postage. Parcels which cannot be delivered will be kept for a reasonable time before being finally disposed of. Parcels should be securely and substantially packed and closed by the sender and in some cases seals may be found necessary. If wax is used it should be of the special quality which will withstand a hot climate.* The following are the special Regulations which govern the exchange of parcels with the United States of America :- A declaration of contents and their value with the sender's signature and address, the date of mailing, and the place of address must be made on the authorised form and fixed to the parcel. An acknowledgment that a parcel to a stated address had been posted will, if re- quired, be given to the poster, but no liability attaches to the Post Office in respect thereof. Letters, postcards and written matter of the nature of personal correspondence must not be enclosed in a parcel. If such be found the letter will be placed in the mails, if separable ; and, if the * This rule does not apply to parcels for the U.S. which must not be closed against inspection in any manner whatever.See page 172. M2 172 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. letter be inseparably attached, the whole package will be rejected. If, however, any such should inadvertantly be forwarded the country of destination will collect double rate of postage according to the Postal Union Convention. A parcel may not contain any other parcel intended for delivery at an address other than that borne by the parcel itself. If such enclosed parcel be detected it must be sent forward singly, charged with new and distinct Parcel Post rates. Publications which violates the Copyright Laws of the country of destination ; poisons and explosive or inflammable substances ; fatty substances; liquids, and those which easily liquefy; confections and pastes ; live or dead animals, except dead insects and reptiles, when thoroughly dried; fruits and vegetables, and substances which exhale a bad odour; lottery tickets, lottery advertisements or lottery circulars; all obscene or immoral articles, articles which may, in any way, damage or destroy the mails or injure the persons handling them. Each parcel must be so wrapped or enclosed as to permit its contents to be easily examined by any Postmaster or Customs Officer whose duty it may be to do so; and each parcel will be subject in the country of destination to all Customs duties and all Customs regulations in force in that country for the protection of its Customs revenue. A parcel may be registered on like conditions to those that govern the registration of other correspondence; or, on payment of the sum of two pence (or five cents) ad. ditional to the first charge, the sender can obtain a receipt for such parcel from the addressee. Parcels must be so carefully packed as to be safely transmitted in the mails of either country, both in going to the Post Office of exchange of the country of origin, as well as to the office of address of the country of destination; and they must NOT BE SEALED OR CLOSED AGAINST INSPECTION, that is, they must not be secured by means of wax, screws or nails, or in any manner which would not admit of their easy exa- mination by the Customs Authorities in the United States. The country of destination, may, at its option, levy and collect from the addressee, for inland service and delivery, a charge not exceeding two pence half-penny (or five cents) on each single parcel of whatever weight; and, if the weight exceed one pound, a charge equal to one half-penny (or one cent.) for each four ounces or frac- tion thereof. If a parcel cannot be delivered as addressed, or is refused, the sender will be so advised; and, if no action is taken by him within three months, the parcel may be sold for the benefit of whom it may concern. Any request that a parcel may be re-addressed or returned must be accompanied by the amount of postage at the original rate for its further pre-payment. The Post Office Department of either of the contracting countries will not be responsible for theloss or damage of any package; and no indemnity can consequently be claimed by the sender or addressee in either country. The following are the regulations and condition with respect to the Parcel Post Exchange with Canada : A parcel may not exceed seven pounds in weight, two feet in length, and one foot in width or depth. The postage on parcels must be prepaid by Postage Stamps. All parcels will be subject to the Customs dues, laws and regulations in force in either country; and to each parcel must be affixed a “Customs declaration" con- taining an accurate statement of the contents and value thereof; the date of post- ing, and the sender's signature and address. A parcel may not contain the following:- I. A letter or the communication of the nature of personal correspondence. II. Any other parcel intended for delivery at an address other than that borne by the parcel itself. If such enclosed parcel be detected it will be sent forward singly charged with new and distinct Parcel Post rates. III. Any explosive, inflammable, or dangerous substance which may in any way damage or destroy other parcels or the mails or injure the persons handling them. "An undelivered parcel may be redirected to the sender in the country of origin on payment of a rate equal to that originally paid on it, such additional postage POST OFFICE. 173 may either be paid in the country from which the parcel is returned or be collected from the sender on delivery. Parcels which cannot be delivered to the persons to whom they are addressed, or the senders of which cannot be found, will be returned to the country of origin for disposal as undelivered, or “ dead” matter. The Post Office Department of either country will not be responsible for the loss or damage of any parcel. The parcels must be securely and substantially packed. The exchange of parcels will be effected by means of steamers subsidized by the Canadian government and conveying mails directly between ports in Canada and Jamaica. Parcels received at Jamaica from places over sea under the Parcel Post arrange- ments with the Imperial Post Office are, in terms of the Post Office Law Amend. ment Law, 1886, opened at the Head Office, Kingston, for the purpose of the amount of import duty or the contents being assessed. After such assessment the parcels are delivered as under, and the amount of duty collected in the same manner as the postage on unpaid or insufficiently prepaid letter. In Kingston if addressed to a place within the house delivery limit, by letter car- rier; if beyond such limit, at the “Parcel Post Office, Blundell Hall." In the country, across the Post Office counter ; provided that such Post Office is a Mail Coach Office, an office on the line of Railway, or one at which the Coastal Steamer can deliver mails. The amount of duty assessed on any such parcel must be paid before delivery, or before the delivery of the parcel from the custody of the Post Office; and, unless such duty be paid within fourteen days after the arrival of the parcel at the office of ad- dress the parcel will be liable to be sent to the Queen's Warehouse. All complaints relating to Customs duty on parcels should be addressed to the Collector of Customs, Kingston, as the Post Office has not any control whatever in the matter of duty. 174 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. PARCEL POST BETWEEN JAMAICA AND PLACES OVER SEA. TABLE OF POSTAGE, ETC. Not exceeding in Weight. Place of Destination. For each lb. after. Over 2 lbs.) Remarks. | Over 7 lbs. but not over 11 lbs. | Over 3 lbs. but not over be. but not over | Over 7 lbs. | 7 lbs. Weight. Limit of 11 lbs. Ib. 1 lbs. lbs. (A): 4. ....... Africa, West Coast of (including Bathurst, Cape Coast Castle, Sierra Leone, Quettah, Accra, Lagos). B. ....................... ........ * Aden (see India) illbs. Adrianople Africa, West Coast of *Algeria *Annam Antigua *Argentine Republic *Ascension *Australia (see respective Colonies) *Austria Hungary *Austrian Post Offices in Turkish Ports (B): | * Azores 11 Bahamas viâ United Kingdom Barbados 11 *Belgium 11 Belize (British Honduras) viâ United Kingdom 1/1d. 11 Belize (direct) *Beyrout Borneo (North) *British Guiana *Bulgaria viâ Cologne *Bulgaria via Hamburg. *Burmah (see India) *Cameroons *Canada- New Brunswick Nova Scotia Prince Edwards Islands and Province of \ l 100. 10d. Quebec Province of Ontario . Manitoba and North West Territories | * In each case marked thus * refer articles to specially prohibited. 11 Austrian and French Post Offices in Turk ish Ports (including Alexandretta Caifa, Can- dia, Canee, Cavalla, Dardanelles, Dedeagh, Durazzo, Gallipoli, Ineboli, Jaffa, Keresun, Lagos, Latakia, Leros, Mersina, Mytilene, Prevesa, Retino, Rhodes, Salonica, Samsoun, San Giovanni-de-Medua, Santi Quaranta, Scio, Tenedos, Trebizond, Tripoli (Syria) Valona, Vathi). 11 *Bosnia 11 ....... 10d . ... .. POST OFFICE. 175 TABLE OF POSTAGE, ETC.- continued. Not exceeding in weight. Place of Destination. For each lb. after. Over 2 lbs. but not over but not over Over 7 lbs Over 3 lbs. 11 lbs. but not over 7 lbs. but not over | Over 7 lbs. 7 lbs. 11 lbs. Limit of | Weight. Remarks. lbs. lbs. 3 9/10 12/3 Columbia (British) (see Canada) *Cape of Good Hope (Cape Town) *Out of Cape Town, including British Bechuana Land *Ceylon Chili China, (see Hong Kong)- *Cochin China *Colombia, Republic of . *Congo Free State *Constantinople *Corsica *Costa Rica *Cyprus *Danish West Indies (C): *Demerara *Denmark (including Faroe Islands) *Diego Suarez (Iceland). Dominica (W.I.) *Dutch East Indies *Egypt Falkland Island Fiji *Finland *France (not including Corsica) *French Guiana *French Post Offices in Turkish Ports (see B) Gambia *Germany *Gibraltar *Greek Ports *Great Britain and Ireland ...................... .................... ...... C. Danish West Indies (including St. Thomas, St. John and St. Croix 2/9 2/11 315 217 4/5 ............ 2/31d 1/14d. 3/7 Id 1 Note.-In each case marked * refer to List of Articles specially prohibited. 176 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. TABLE OF POSTAGE, ETC.- continued. Not exceeding in Weight. Place of Destination. Remarks, For each lb. after. Over 2 lbs. but not over but not over Over 7 lbs. 7 lbs. 11 lbs. but not over Over 3 lbs. but not over | Over 7 lbs. 7 lbs. 11 lbs. Limit of Weight. Ibs. .... - ........... 3/64d. 3/9 Hong Kong (including Amoy, Canton, Foochow, Hankow, Hoihow, Macao, Ningpo, Shanghai, Swatow). Parcels will also be accepted at Sender's risk for other places in China. 3/9 .............. *Grenada *Guadaloupe *Heligoland *Herzegovina *Holland *Hong Kong and places via Hong Kong (D). *India and places via India *Italy (via France) *Italy via Germany) *Janina *Java *Jerusalem Labuan *Leeward Islands (see respective Colo- nies (G) *Little Popo (West Africa) *Luxemburg *Madeira viả Portugal *Madeira via France (see note) *Malta *Martinique *Mauritius and Dependencies *Mayotte Mexico Montserrat Morocco *Natal (including Echowe, Zululand) to all 2 places other than Durban and the Point } Natal (to Durban and the Point only) Nevis *New Caledonia India (including Aden and Burmah; also following places on Persian Gulf and in Turk- ish Arabia, Baghdad, Bahrain, Bandar Abas Bushire, Busrah, Guadur, Jask, Linga and Muscat). F. Italy (including Assab and Massawah). uutonta EvEvo 4/5 2/44d. ........ G. The Leeward Islands include Antigua, Do- minica, Montserrat, Nevis, St. Kitt's, Virgin Islands, which include Anegada, Tortola, Vir- gin Gorda, etc. Note. In each case marked thus * refer to articles specially prohibited. Parcels for Madeira via France may be accepted up to 64 lbs. POST OFFICE. 177 TABLE OF POSTAGE, ETC. continued. Not exceeding in Weight. Place of Destination. For each lb. after. Remarks. Ib. 1 lbs. 2 3 5/10 .............. Over 2 lbs. but not over Over 7 lbs. but not over | Over 3 lbs.) 11 lbs. but not over Over 7 lbs. but not over 7 lbs. 7 lbs. 11 lbs. Limit of | Weight, EEEE-varvarEEEEEE Newfoundland *New South Wales (including Norfolk Island) *New Zealand *Norway North Borneo *Nossi- Bé *Novi Bazar *Orange Free State * Phillippopolis * Portugal (direct) *Portugal via France (see note) 2/11 *Reunion 415 *Roumania *St. Helena St. Kitts St. Lucia St. Vincent (W.I.) *St. Marie de Madagascar *Samoa (Apia) Sarawak see Italy, Sardinia Sicily Siam (Bangkok only) *Senegal *Servia viâ Cologne *Smyrna *South Australia *Spain (see note) *Straits Settlements : 1/24d. (If for H. M, Ships on China Station charge rate as to Hong Kong) Note.--In each case marked thus * refer to List of Articles specially prohibited. • 8/1 5184d. 8/64d. FREEWE. E A. Straits Settlement, (including Malacca, Pe- nang, Province Wellesley and Singapore). Parcels will also be accepted at Sender's risk, for Johor, Perak, Selangor and Sungie Ujong in the Malayan Peninsula. Parcels for Portugal and Spain may be accepted up to 64 lbs. 178 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. TABLE OF POSTAGE, ETC.--continued, Not exceeding in Weight. Place of Destination. Remarks. For each ib. after. 1 Over 2 lbs. but not over Over 7 lbs. but not over Over 3 lbs. but not over 11 lbs. but not over Over 7 lbs, | 7 lbs. Weight. 7 lbs. Limit of 11 lbs. 15. 158. 15. 2- | .. lbs. *Sweden *Switzerland . Tahiti *Tangiers *Tasmania Tobago Tonga (see Samoa) Tortola *Transvaal *Trinidad *Tunis Turks Islands *Tonquin *Tripoli (Africa) *United States of America Uruguay *Victoria (Australia) . *Western Australia Windward Islands (see respective Colonies) (1) ....... ................. ............... · · ................ .. ... .. . L. ... The Windward Islands include: Grenada. Grenadines. St. Lucia St. Vincent Zanzibar 1/5 d. . 1764. . 1. .. 1/11d. Note-In each case marked * refer to List of Articles specially prohibited. POST OFFICE 179 PARCEL Post, continued. DIMENSIONS. CLASS I. Greatest length 3 feet 6 inches. Greatest girth and length combined 6 feet. For Great Britain and Ireland, British Colonies and Possessions generally (ex- cept Canada); for Foreign Countries (except as stated in Classes III. and IV.); and for the United States of America. CLASS II. Greatest length 2 feet. _Greatest depth or width 1 foot. For Canada. CLASS III. Greatest length 2 feet. Greatest length and girth combined 4 feet. _ French Colonies and Possessions, Annam, Argentine Republic, Austrian and French Postal Agencies in Turkey, Chili, Congo Free State, Italy, Maderia viâ France, Malta viâ Italy, Portugal via France, Spain, Tahiti. CLASS IV. Two feet in any direction. Austria Hungary, Azores, Belgium, Bosnia, Bulgaria, Cameroons, Denmark, France, Germany, Greek Ports, Heligoland, Holland, Dutch East Indies, Luxem- burg, Maderia via Portugal, Norway, Portugal (direct), Servia, Sweden, Switzer- land. GENERAL CONDITIONS. 1.-PROHIBITED ARTICLES. 1.-LETTERS. The transmission of any letter whatsoever, no matter to whom addressed, in parcels for the Continent of Europe, Austrian and French Post Offices in Turkish Ports, the Cameroons, the Cape of Good Hope, Republic of Colombia, Congo Free State, Costa Rica, Danish West Indies, Dutch East Indies, Egypt, French Colonies and Possessions, Natal, the Australian Colonies, Smyrna, Trinidad and Tunis, West Coast of Africa is strictly forbidden. In Jamaica (except to places stated) if any letter or communication of the nature of personal correspondence be found in a parcel, and it can be separated therefrom. it will be forwarded to its destination surcharged at unpaid letter rates. But, if such letter, &c., can not be separated, the whole parcel will be liable to unpaid letter rates of postage. Except that if a parcel addressed to any place in the United States of America be found to contain a communication of the nature of a letter it shall not be forwarded ; but will be held at sender's risk 2-OTHER PARCELS OR POSTAL PACKETS. A parcel must not contain another parcel or other postal packet, intended for delivery at an address other than that borne on the parcel itself. 3-DANGEROUS ARTICLES, &c. A parcel may not contain any dangerous or perishable article, any article likely to injure another parcel, any liquid (unless securely packed in a proper case), nor any article specially prohibited from importation into a particular country or place. (See below). II.-SPECIAL CONDITIONS. ADEN. (See India.) ADRIANOPLE. Letters. AFRICA, WEST COAST OF. Nil. ALGERIA. Letters, counterfeit articles, foreign bronze coins, arms and ammunition of war, medicines (the components of which are not stated) parts of the vine, plants, fruits and fresh vegetables, gold or silver articles, jewellery, lace. 180 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. ANNAN. Letters and articles of exceptional value. ANTIGUA. (See Loward Islands.) ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. Letters, articles of gold and silver, vine plants. ASCENSION. Bullion, Ostrich feathers, intoxicating liquors of all descriptions. AUSTRALIA. (See several Colonies under their respective names.) AUSTRIA-HUNGARY. Letters, potatoos, pork, bacon, &c., foreign lottery tickets, plants with roots. AUSTRIAN AND FRENCH POST OFFICES IN TURKISH PORTS. (Including Alexandretto, Caifa, Candia, Canee, Cavalla, Dardanelles, Dedeagh, Durazzo, Gallipoli, Inéboli, Jaffa, Keresun, Lagos, Latakia, Leros, Mersina, My. tilene, Prevesa, Retino, Rhodes, Salonica, Samsoun, San Giovanni-de-Modua, Santi Quaranta, Scio, Tenedos, Trebizond, Tripoli (Syria), Valona, Vathi, Adria- nople, Janina, Jerusalem and Phillippolis.) Letters and articles of exceptional value. AZORES. (See Portugal.) BAHAMAS. Nil. BARBADOS. Nil. BELGIUM. Letters, plants, game, fresh-meat, airguns, poignards, bayonets, sword-sticks, pis. tols, and revolvers of small calibre. BELIZE. (See British Honduras.) BEYROUT. Letters, fire-arms, tobacco, salt. BORNEO. (See North Borneo.) BOSNIA. Letters, potatoes, pork, bacon, foreign lottery tickets, plants. BRITISH GUIANA. Spirits, cigars or snuff, (in packages containing less than 5lbs. net weight) tobacco, (including cigarettes) opium, ganjo, charas, bang, cannabis-indica, parts of dutiable articles except by permission of the Governor. BRITISH HONDURAS. Nil. BULGARIA. Letters, unpurified wax and paraffin candles, lottery-tickets, copper-money, arms and ammunition, unmanufactured tobacco, worn clothing, plants, grapes, iowers, vegetable, medicines and poisonous drugs unless addressed to Chemists. BURMAH. (See India.) CAMEROONS. Letters and liquids. CANADA. Reprints of Canadian copyright works, base or counterfeit coin, oleomargerine, butterine, and similar substitutes for butter. CAPE OF GOOD HOPE. (Including British Buchuana-land.) Letters, specie, bullion, gold dust, nuggets, Ostrich feathers, fruit, plants, parts of plants, bulbs, and cuttings of trees, tobacco stalks, essences of tea, coffee, chicory, tobacco. CEYLON. Arms and ammunition by way of merchandise, foreign reprints of British copy- right works; false, base or counterfeit coin of the realm ; parts sent separately of articles which are liable to Customs duty. POST OFFICE 181 CHILI. Letters, plants, arms and implements of war, articles injurious to health. CHINA. (See Hong Kong.) COCHIN CHINA. Letters, gold, silver, jewelery. COLOMBIA, REPUBLIC OF. Letters, arms, ammunition. COSTA RICA. Letters, arms, ammunition. CONGO-FREE STATE, Letters. CONSTANTINOPLE. Fire-arms, tobacco, salt. CORSICA. (See France.) CYPRUS. Locust eggs, salt, silver and copper coins, tobacco, cigars, and snuff. DANISH WEST INDIES. (Including St. Thomas, St. John and St. Croix.) Letters. DEMERARA. (See British Guiana.) DENMARK. Letters, foreign lottery tickets and prospectusos, imitations of money, notes, or bills, potatoes, almanacks, pork, bacon, &c. DIEGO SUAREZ. Letters, gold, silver, jewelry, &c. DUTCH EAST INDIES. Letters. DOMINICA. (See Leeward Islands.) EGYPT. Letters, arms (unless addressed to members of the British Army), materials for the composition of gunpowder, salt; le Hachich, books of the Mussulman religion. FRANCE. Letters, secret and forbidden arms, ammunition, articles infringing copyright and trade mark laws, game out of season, foreign bronze coin, tobacco unless addressed to the “ Regie" or in limited quantities for the personal use of the addressee, essence of tobacco, playing cards, shrubs, young trees, parts of the vine, gold or silver articles, jewelry, lace, objects of art. FRENCH POST OFFICES IN TURKISH PORTS. Letters. FRENCH GUIANA. Letters. GERMANY. Letters, plants with roots, all parts of the vine plant, pork, bacon, sausages &c., books of a social democratic or socialistic tendency. GIBRALTAR, Arms. GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND. Foreign reprints of British registered copyright works ; false money, counterfeit sterling and British silver coin below standard ; indecent or obscene articles, inclu- sive of prints, photographs, &c., tobacco stalks; clocks, watches and metals generally, bearing imitations of British-assay mark or stamps; extracts, essences or concen- tration of coffee, chicory, tea, and tobacco may not be imported for home consump- tion. Tobacco (inclusive of cigars and snuff) in small packages such as could be contained in a postal parcel; but they will be admitted, provided they are bona fide 182 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. for the consumption of the addressee, or in small quantities for use as trade samples. Foreign or Colonial manufactures bearing the names, addresses or trade-marks of British manufactures, unless imported with their consent, are also restricted. There are also restrictions on spirits unless in bottle. All customs prohibitions and restrictions apply equally to the importations from any British colony or possession or Foreign country. GREEK PORTS. Letters, potatoes, plants or parts of plant and manure. GRENADA. Unmanufactured tobacco. GUADELOUPE. Letters, gold, silver, jewelry, &c. HELIGOLAND. Pork, bacon, sausages. HOLLAND Letters, fresh meat, pork, bacon, sausages, hides, &c. HONG KONG. (Including Amoy, Canton, Fouchow, Hankow, Hoihow, Macao, Ningpo, Shang- hai, Swatow.) Parcels will also be accepted but at Sender's risk for other places in China. Opium. INDIA. Including Aden and Burmah, also the following places on the Persian Gulf and in Turkish Arabia; Bagdad, Bahrain, Bandar Abas, Bushire, Busrah, Guadur, Jask, Linga, and Muscat.) Opium. ITALY. (Including Assab and Massawah.) Letters, tobacco, sea salt, pork in any form, bacon, plants, or living parts of plants (except cut flowers and fruit from 1st November to 31st May), vegetable manure, game, from 1st January to 1st September, playing cards addressed to S. Marino, arms or chemical compounds without the express previous permission of the Italian authorities, fresh meat, parcels addressed to persons condemned to hard labour or to soldiers in military prisons. JAVA. Letters, opium, fire-arms or parts of fire-arms. JANINA. Letters, JERUSALEM. Letters. LABUAN. Nil. LEEWARD ISLANDS. Nil. LITTLE POPO. (See Cameroons.) LUXEMBURGH (Grand Duchy of.) Letters. MADEIRA. (See Portugal.) MALTA, Nil. MARTINIQUE, Letters. MAURITIUS. Letters, worn clothes, (if intended for sale) articles of gold or silver jewelry. MAYOTTE. Letters. POST OFFICE. 183 MONTSERRAT. (See Leeward Islands.) NATAL. Letters, specie, bullion, gold dust, nuggets, Ostrich feathers, base or counterfeit coin, articles bearing imitations of British trade marks, fire-arms except by per- mission of the Government. NEVIS. (See Looward Islands.) NEW CALEDONIA. Letters. NEWFOUNDLAND. Nil. NEW SOUTH WALES, (Including Norfolk Island). Letters. NEW ZEALAND. Letters, vine cuttings. NORWAY, Letters. NORTH BORNEO. (The territory of the British North Borneo Company.) Nil., NOSSI BE. Letters, gold, silver, jewelry. PHILLIPPOPOLIS. Letters. PORTUGAL. Letters, silver money, tobacco, parts of the vine (except grapes without leaves), plants and (via France) articles of exceptional value. REUNION. Letters, gold, silver, jewelry. BOUMANIA. Letters, plants or parts of plants, except seeds and dried roots. ST. HELENA. Bullion, Ostrich feathers, base coin, books infringing British copy-right, Cape brandy, Arrack, Bengal rum, Aqua-ardente. ST. KITTS. (See Leeward Islands.) ST. LUCIA. (Seo Windward Islands.) ST, MARIE DE MADAGASCAR. Letters. ST. VINCENT. (See Windward Islands.) SAMOA. Letters, pork, bacon, sausages. SARAWAK. Nil. SARDINIA. (See Italy.) SENEGAL Letters, gold, silver, jewelry. SERVIA. Letters, parts of the Vine. SICILY. (See Italy.) SMYRNA. Letters, fire-arms, tobacco, salt, plants, sword-sticks materials for the composi- tion of gunpowder books unfavourable to the Ottoman Government, 184 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. SOUTH AUSTRALIA. Letters. SPAIN. Letters, fire-arms and ammunition, air-guns, a reproduction of Spanish maps or plans, missals, breviaries, rosaries, relics, &c., plants, gold, silver, jewelry, &c. STRAITS SETTLEMENTS. (Malacca, Penang, Province Wellesley and Singapore.) Parcels will also be accepted, at Sender's risk, for Johor, Perak, Selangor and Sungie, Ujong in the Malayan Peninsula. Opium, spirits. SWEDEN. Letters, manufactured gold and silver not of a certain degree of fineness, drugs and arsenic, unless addressed to professional men, articles made abroad bearing Swedish marks SWITZERLAND. Letters, alcohol, spirits of wine, (and via France) gold and silver articles, jewelry, objects of art. TANGIERS. Arms, ammunition, tobacco, pipes used for smoking opium. TASMANIA. Letters. TOBAGO. Nil. TONQUIN. Letters, gold, silver, jewelry. TORTOLA. (See Leeward Islands.) TRINIDAD. Letters, articles infringing British copyright or trade mark laws, cocoa parts of dutiable articles, rum, all other spirits except perfumed or medicinal spirits, tobacco, cigars, cigarillos or cigarettes, gunga, bhang, cannabisindica, opium. TUNIS AND TRIPOLI. Letters, arms and ammunition of war, nitrate of soda, saltpetre, sulphur, salt, tobacco, plants, parts of the vine, fruit, fresh vegetables, gold and silver articles, jewelry, lace. UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. Letters, post cards and written matter of the nature of personal correspondence. (See Prohibitions.) Publications which violate the copyright laws of the country of destination, poisons and explosive or inflammable substances, fatty substances, liquids and those which easily liquefy, confections and pastes, live or dead animals, except dead insects and reptiles when thoroughly dried; fruits and vegetables, and substances which exhale a bad odour, lottery tickets, lottery advertisements or lottery circulars, all obscene or immoral articles, articles which may in any way damage or destroy the mails or injure the persons handling them. VICTORIA (AUSTRALIA). Letters, vine cuttings, opium, spirits (except perfumed or medicinal spirits), tobacco. WESTERN AUSTRALIA. Letters. WINDWARD ISLANDS. Nil. Except Grenada (which see). ZANZIBAR. Nil. 3.-TELEGRAPHS. The last but most certainly not the least of the improvements which have been effected in connection with the postal service of the island is that of the establishment of a system of inland postal telegraph. The idea of establishing communication by electric telegraph throughout the island appears to have been under the consideration of the Government since the year 1859, for on the 1st of November of that year we find the Governor, Sir Charles Darling, POST OFFICE. 185 referring to the matter in his speech to the Legislature in the following manner : “ Although I am unable to announce that any of the enterprises to which your counte- nance and support have been afforded, either by way of pecuniary grant or legislative guarantee, have yet been commenced, I venture to recommend to your consideration as a public work, which would, I think, fall within the reach of our financial resources and prove of advantage to the interests of commerce, and the conduct of public affairs, while conducing to the protection and convenience of the inhabitants generally, the establishment of communication by electric telegraph between the harbours of Port Morant and Lucea, with the intermediate connection of the principal towns and shipping ports of the island. I will place you in possession of the information I have obtained as to the probable cost of the erection and maintenance of such an estab- lishment. “From data of this nature, in conjunction with your intimate knowledge of the circumstances and habits of all classes of the people, you will be enabled to judge how far such an undertaking will be justified in the present economic and social condition of the colony." Both of the Legislative Bodies in reply to the above speech promised to give their best attention to the work. The proposal to transfer the Post Office to the colony, however, led to the abandon. ment of the scheme, for in a message from the Governor to the Assembly, dated 30th November, 1859, we find the following: “ While the effect of the proposed transfer upon the public revenue is still unascertained the Governor does not consider it ad- visable to propose to the House of Assembly to sanction any expenditure for the pur- pose of establishing such telegraphic communication.” Here the question appears to have been dropped; and while no doubt the advantages pointed out so forcibly by Sir Charles Darling to the Legislature have been fully re- cognized by successive Governments and the matter has received the fullest considera- tion, it was Sir Anthony Musgrave, at the instance of the late Mr. Frederic Sullivan, then Postmaster for Jamaica, who conferred upon the island the inestimable boon of a system of inland telegraph, of which the public generally have evinced a due appre- ciation. On the 30th January, 1879, a law authorising the establishment of an inland tele- graph system was passed. Under this law the Director of Public Works is entrusted with the erection and maintenance of the lines, while, following the example of the Imperial Government, the management of the department is vested in the Post- master for Jamaica. As soon as possible after the passing of the Act a School of Telegraphy was opened in Kingston under the Superintendent of Telegraphs. At this school as well as at the District Stations all the Telegraph Operators employed in the service have been trained. The Telegraph Department is worked on the system which experience has proved to be successful in England, and which has been equally successful in Jamaica. Tele- graphic communication was first established between Kingston and St. Ann's on the 20th of October, 1879, and the circuit of the island was completed on the 4th March, 1881. Stations have been established at the following places in addition to Kingston:- Spanish Town Montego Bay May Pen Cold Spring Bog Walk Ramble Chapelton Hope Bay Linstead Lucea Alley Gayle Buff Bay Milk River Whitehouse Retreat Savanna-la-Mar Salt River Annotto Bay Ewarton Grange Hill Old Harbour Port Maria Moneague Black River Yallahs Oracabessa Claremont Middle Quarters Morant Bay Retreat St. Ann's Bay Santa Cruz Blue Mt. Valley Dry Harbour Malvern Trinity Ville Gayle Brown's Town Mandeville Port Morant Ocho Rios Cave Valley Newport Bowden Port Royal Rio Bueno Shooter's Hill Bath Halfway-Tree Stewart Town Christiana Plantain Garden River Stony Hill Ulster Spring Mile Gully Manchioneal Gordon Town Duncans Balaclava Priestman's River Port Antonio Falmouth Porus St. Margaret's Bay Up-Park Camp. 186 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. The charge for telegrams throughout Jamaica is one shilling (1s.) for the first twenty words and threepence (3d.) for every additional five words, i.e., for every ad- ditional group of not more than five words, the names and addresses of the Sender and Receiver not being counted. If the Addressee reside within one mile of the terminal office the telegram is de- livered by messenger without any additional charge; but if beyond that limit the following porterage fee must be prepaid :- a. If the whole distance be under three miles at a charge of sixpence (6d.) per mile, counting from boundary of the free delivery. b. If the distance be over three miles at a charge of one shilling (18.) per mile, count. ing from the office. The charges for the transmission and for porterage of telegrams must be pre-paid by means of adhesive stamps which are procurable at each station, of which there are two denominations, viz., 1s. and 3d. Books containing twenty message forms, each form being embossed with a stamp of the face value of 1s., may also be purchased at the head station and other principal district stations at the rate of 20s. 3d. These books are prepared for use with carbonic ink paper, so that copies can be retained of the messages. Persons resident at a place to which the Island Telegraph Line has not yet been extended can benefit by its use on the following conditions :- 1. If the words “By Post” with the name of a telegraph station be written on a message it will be wired to such station and forwarded from thence to its postal address by first post. 2. If a letter marked “On Post Office Telegraph Business" be sent by post to the Telegraph Clerk at any station the message enclosed will be promptly forwarded by wire from such station. In this case the letter by post must be registered and the cost of the message enclosed in telegraph stamps or coin. 3. No charge will be made in either case for postage or registration. Under an arrangement with the West India and Panama Telegraph Company telegrams addressed to the United Kingdom or to any Foreign Place with which there is telegraphic communication are accepted at any Telegraph Station in Jamaica on payment of the inland rate, in addition to the amount charged by the Cable Com- pany, which may be ascertained by application at each station; such payment must be made in cash. Return messages from places abroad will be delivered as addressed, subject to the charge for porterage, if any, and to any other claim for conveyance. The office hours of the Telegraph Department are from 7 a.m. to 5 p.m. daily- Sundays excepted. LIMITS OF KINGSTON FOR HOUSE DELIVERY OF CORRESPONDENCE. Commencing to the East up Paradise Street, Rae Town, to junction of Windward Road. Then West to South Camp Road; thence North to junction with North Street at G. J. DeCordova's (Devereux Park). West to Kingston Garden Bridge, through those Gardens, North, and Allinan Town. Turning West across head of Race Course to Torrington Bridge. Down Orange Street to Drummond Street ; thence through Hannah Town to Spanish Town Road, and so to the sea past Rail- way and Slaughter House. OFFICES AND OFFICE HOURS. The Circulation Branch of the General Post Office, Kingston, is maintained on the first floor of the old Court House in Harbour Street, the upper floor of which is now used as a Town Hall. Since the fire of the 11th December, 1882, the Control Branch and the Money Order Office, Mail Coach and Parcel Post Booking Offices are all maintained at the premises known as “ Blundell Hall” in East Street. The ordinary office hours of the Circulation Branch are from 8 a.m. to 4 p.m.; but the office is open earlier and later should the arrival or departure of packet or important ship mails render it necessary. The Money Order Office is kept open from 10 a.m. to 2 p.m. each working day. Any information not furnished in this paper may be obtained on application at the General Post Office, the Officers of the Post Office Department being always ready and willing to afford such information POST OFFICE. 187 Kingston-Port Royal St. Andrew Bull Bay Cold Spring Gordon Town Halfway-Tree Stony Hill Up-Park Camp DISTRICT POST OFFICES. St. Ann, continued Moneague Ocho Rios Pedro St. Ann's Bay York Castle Walker's Wood St. Elizabeth, continued Lacovia Malvern Middle Quarters Newmarket Santa Cruz Siloah Southfield Trelawny- Clark's Town Duncans Falmouth Hampden Jackson Town Rio Bueno Ulster Spring Stewart Town St. Thomas- Bath Blue Mtn. Valley Morant Bay Plan. Gar. River Port Morant Yallahs Trinity Ville Hagley Gap Portland- Buff Bay Hope Bay Port Antonio Priestman's River Manchioneal St. Margaret's Bay Manchester- Alligator Pond Christiana Cross Keys Devon Maidstone Mandeville Mile Gully Newport Porus Pratville Shooter's Hill Spur Tree Watson's Hill St. James- Adelphi Anchovy Little River Montego Bay Hanover- Chester Castle Copse Flint River Green Island Lucea Ramble St. Mary Annotto Bay Gayle Guy's Hill Hampstead Oracabessa Port Maria Richmond Retreat Clarendon Alley Chapelton Croft's Hill Four Paths Frankfield Hayes May Pen Milk River Salt River Westmoreland- Bethel Town Bluefields Darliston Grange Hill Whitehouse Little London Petersfield Savanna-la-Mar St. Ann- Alexandria Brown's Town Cave Valley Claremont Davis Town Dry Harbour Laughlands St. Catherine- Bog Walk Everton Glengoffe Linstead Lluidas Vale Old Harbour Pear Tree Grove Spanish Town St. Elizabeth Balaclava Black River ESTABLISHMENT OF THE POST OFFICE DEPARTMENT. Office. Name of Holder. Salary and Date of First other Appointment to Emolument. Public Service. £ 8. d. Postmaster for Jamaica Chief Clerk First Class Clerks . G. H, Pearce C. W. Tait T. H. McBayne W. MacKinnon F. G. M. Lynch D. G. Parsons P. C. Cunha C. W. Magnan W.J. Heath W. R. Thomas R. H. Fletcher E. Borough W. B, Mais U C. G. Kerr 600 0 0 | 1st Feb., '60 300 0 0 | 25th Oct., '66 250 0 0 1st May, '69 250 00 | 18th Aug., '67 250 0 0 | 19th July, 174 210 0 0 30th Dec., '74 200 0 0 14th March, '74 200 0 0 1st June, '77 110 00 | 1st Jan., '78 100 0 0 1st June, '88 100 0 0 1st Feb..'90 85 001st Feb, '91 80 0 0 25th May, 173 80 0 0 1st Feb., '92 Second Class Clerks Third Class Clerks N 2 188 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. ESTABLISHMENT OF THE POST OFFICE DEPARTMENT, continued. Office. Name of Holder. Salary and Date of First other Appointment to Emolument. Public Service. Third Class Clerks 1st Feb., '92 Ist Feb., '92 1st Feb., '92 £ 8. d. 80 0 0 80 0 0 80 0 0 80 0 0 250 0 0 400 0 0 200 0 0 200 0 0 G. W. Heron J. A. G. Smith A. J. Morhman Vacant E. N. Marshall H, O. Wilson C. F. Duff G. A. Hart Travelling Supervisor Telegraph Branch 15 April, '72 1st April, '79 16th Jan., '80 16th Jan., '80 NOTE-In addition to the above there is a Subordinate Staff of Sorters and Letter-Carriers; and an Auxiliary Staff of Sorters is employed on Packet days to assort the Newspapers. GOVERNMENT MEDICAL SERVICE. For years the necessity of a Medical Service in Jamaica was pressed on the local Legislature and in opening the Session of 1852 Sir Charles Darling brought the subject prominently under their consideration. He stated that “the want of a sufficient num. ber of Medical Practitioners was universally felt throughout the island by almost the entire body of inhabitants, whether high or low, rich or poor,” and he strongly urged the Assembly “ to make adequate provision” for such service. He assured them that “in some of the districts medical advice was not to be procured at all ; in others only after a long delay and at a cost which virtually rendered it unattainable by the majority of the inhabitants.” “The loss of life alone (and the consequent loss of labour) which annually resulted from this deficiency,” added His Excellency, “was in itself a suffi- cient ground to justify any expenditure which it might be necessary to incur in placing the means of obtaining medical assistance within reach of the people generally. In the discussion of the question which ensued the honorable Mr. Westmorland stated that " the majority of the medical men were settled on the sea-boards, and those who lived in the country knew that for twenty to thirty miles no Doctor was to be found.” Doctor Bowerbank assured the House that “the people died from preventable diseases for want of medical aid," and showed that “the whole amount then paid to the members of the medical profession in the different parishes amounted but to $2,300 per annum." This state of things continued until the year 1868 when Sir John Grant made pro- vision to the extent of £3,000 for medical aid, and appointed on the 1st December fifteen Medical Practitioners as Government Medical Officers at salaries ranging from £200 to £300 per annum, chargeable partly to the poor rates and partly to the general revenue. At the close of the year there were forty medical districts defined and thirty-five Medical Officers appointed thereto, five being then vacant as no eligi- ble Medical Practitioners were available. The Department thus organised was placed under a professional head designated the Superintending Medical Officer, who was also constituted the Adviser of the Go- vernment upon medical and sanitary questions. The duties of the Medical Officers are specified in the following rules which were framed by the Secretary of State for the Colonies, for the guidance of candidates for employment, and which contain the principles on which the service is regulated :- 1. The Colony of Jamaica is divided, for medical purposes, into districts of varying extent and population, to each of which, as a general rule, is attached one Medical Officer, who is held responsible for the due dis- charge of all medical duties within his district. 2. The District Medical Officers, who must reside within the limits of their respective districts, are required. in the discharge of their public duties, to undertake the medical charge of the paupers on the parochial rolls. and of any hospital, alms house or prison in their districts ; to attend upon the Constabulary ; to exercise & general control and superintendence over the Government Dispensaries of their districts; to vaccinate; and to advise the Government and Parochial Authorities on questions affecting the public health ; and for such public duties no fees are receivable by them. 3. Medicines for the Public Service are supplied by the Government. 4. District Medical Officers are expected to provide themselves with a small case of surgical instruments of the best make. MEDICAL 189 · 6. The immediate control of the Medical Establishment is exercised by a Superintending Medical Officer. 6. The fixed salaries of the district appointments vary from £150 to £250 per annum. In some of the dis- tricts extra pay is receivable for attendance on the immigrants indentured to estates, and it is thought that additional remuneration may be derived from a successful working of the Government Dispensaries. 7. The District Medical Officers are at liberty to take private practice. The value of the private practice varies from £600 to £150, exclusive of Court and Inquest Fees and also Vaccination Fees, at a rate not exceed. ing ls. for each certified successful case after the first 25 in each quarter. It must, however, be clearly under- stood that these figures are to be taken as only approximate, and that no guarantee as to the value of the private practice is given by Government, and that it rests entirely with the Medical Officers themselves to develop the private practice of the districts in which they are placed, by securing the confidence of the popu- lation with which they are brought in contact. 8. The District Medical Service of Jamaica is, in fact, to be regarded as a system in aid, the object of which is to diffuse medical assistance throughout the several parishes by inducing Practitioners to locate themselves in districts which, without some contribution from Government, would be altogether destitute of medical aid and advice, and the pay received by the Medical Offcer from Government may be regarded as a retainer for professional services to be given as a Private Practitioner within the area in which he resides. 9. The gentlemen selected for these appointments must possess qualifications in medicine and surgery, and must be registered in England, and will be required to present themselves to a Physician, who will be named by the Secretary of State for the Colonies, whose duty it will be to report upon their physicalqualifications for service in the tropics, and to approve the surgical instruments with which they propose to provide them- selves. They will be provided by Government with a passage out to Jamaica, subject, however, to the cus. tomary agreement made with the Crown Agents for the Colonies, that the cost of the passage shall be refunded by the Medical Officer, should he within the period of three years from the date of his arrival in the colony quit it without leave, or relinquish his appointment for other cause than bodily or mental incapacity to con. tinue the performance of his duty. 10. Gentlemen who have had no previous experience of the diseases of tropical climates will be attached, on their arrival in the colony, to the Public Hospital in Kingston as Supernumerary Medical Officers, for such a period as the Governor shall in each case direct, for the purpose of making themselves acquainted with the features and treatment of tropical disease. During this introductory service they willreceive an allowance at the rate of £200 per annum, but will not be permitted to undertake private practice. 11. District Medical Officers will be entitled to leave of absence on half-pay for a period of not more than six months after each period of six years' service : it will, however, be left to the discretion of the Governor. looking to the exigencies of the service, to decide in each case the exact period at which such leave shall be granted. 12. Medical Officers will also be granted leave on hall-pay on account of sickness duly certified by medical authority, in such manner and under such restrictions as the Governor may prescribe. 13. The District Medical Officers hold office subject to summary removal by the Governor for misconduct or for neglect of public duties, or for inattention to the wants of their districts in their capacity as Private Practi- tioners. They will be allowed pensions at the end of 20 years' resident service ; the pension to be calculated at the rate of one-sixtieth of the salary, exclusive of any fees, for each year's service, provided that the total amount does not exceed two-thirds of the salary. In calculating the pensions of Medical Officers the Go- vernor will make an addition of five years in respect of service in an intertropical colony, but no addition will be made in respect of professional qualifications. 14. It is to be understood that the full amount of pension, or indeed any pension, will not be claimable as & right; and that it will be in the discretion of the Governor to withhold a pension, or to award a reduced pension, if the circumstances of any individual case shall appear to him to warrant such a course. Medical Officers joining the Department after the passing of Law 34 of 1885 (16th November, 1885), and holding ap. pointment at the time of the passing of the Pensions Regulation Law 26 of 1892, (23rd May, 1892) or who may subsequently be appointed will be at liberty to contribute to a Pension Fund under the provisions of the last mentioned Law.] 15. Gentlemen appointed Medical Officers will be expected to proceed to Jamaica within two months from the date of their appointment. 16. Candidates for appointment should apply to the Secretary of State for the Colonies, who requires that all applications should be accompanied either by recommendations from persons known to himself, or by satis- factory testimonials from eminent members of the medical profession. During the year 1886-87 a medical tariff of fees was approved of by the Legisla- tive Council, which it was decided should regulate the charges of all District Medical Officers who should be appointed to the service after their promulgation. The fees are as follows : 1. Advice and medicines at the District Medical Officer's Consultation as Physician or Surgeon, 21s, with mile. residence or private or Government Dispensary-4s. age at the above rates. For each subsequent visit as above in the same case Every subsequent consultation on same case with mile. - 2s. age at above rates-108, 6d. 2. For each visit in Town from 6 a.m. to 7 p.m., within Consultation by letter and medicines supplied if ne- a radius of one mile from the centre of the Town cessary-6s. -6s. A medical certificate--21s. 3. For each visit in the Country or within a radius of Ditto if attending patient-10s. 6d. one mile from the District Medical Officer's residence MIDWIFERY. -6s. Ordinary cases for attendance at delivery-£2 2s, and 4. Mileage in addition to fee for visit for any distance mileage. over one mile and not exceeding five miles from Dis. Instrumental cases-Extra according to circumstances, trict Medical Officer's residence, at the rate of 2s. SURGICAL OPERATIONS. per mile or part of a mile. Minor operations-10s. 60. 5. Mileage over five miles and not exceeding twelve Fractures of upper and lower extremities—21s., appli. miles, 2s. 6d. per mile or part of a mile. ances extra. 6. Mileage over twelve miles, 3s. per mile. Capital operations according to agreement. The above charges to include ordinary medicines. This scale of charges is not intended to interfere with Mileage to be charged only one way. any arrangements made between the Medical Officers For night visits from 7 p.m. to 6 a.m., one half fee and and their patients and is intended to apply to cash half mileage extra. payments only, that is, at the termination of the visit, If asked to stay for a day or night according to agree. or monthly, if attendance should be necessary for ment. more than one month. 190 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. Since the inauguration of the Department the number of medical districts has been increased to forty-seven, the whole being under the charge of 47 District Medical Officers, and the affairs of the Public Hospital have been entrusted to the direction of the Superintending Medical Officer, who has under him at that institution a Senior Medical Officer, whose duties are confined to purely professional work, assisted by two Resident Medical Officers. During the year 1886-87 the Lunatic Asylum was placed under the direction of the Superintending Medical Officer. A Medical Super- intendent and Assistant Medical Officer are employed and reside at the institution. The accommodation that can be afforded in the Public General Hospitals, as far as room for beds is concerned, is as follows, namely: Morant Bay Hospital 60 beds Lucea Hospital 22 beds Hordley Sav.-la-Mar 100 Port Antonio , Black River Buff Bay Mandeville Annotto Bay Chapelton Port Maria Dry River St. Ann's Bay Lionel Town Falmouth ish Town Montego Bay Linstead Total 1,117 » But the number of beds fully equipped in the several Public General Hospitals depends on the demand, and for the year ended 31st March, 1892, did not exceed a daily average of 776 beds occupied, though the equipment had necessarily to be kept somewhat in excess of this. Government Dispensaries have been established in the remote districts of Sandy Bay and Clark's Town, where medicines are dispensed and sold at fixed charges to all persons applying for them on the prescription of a Medical Officer, and where the Medical Officer in charge of the Dispensary attends on fixed days to give advice at a moderate rate of fees. The subject of medical attendance on poor persons who, although not paupers, are unable to pay the fee of four shillings, nominally considered the lowest charge by the Medical Practitioners, having been under consideration for some time, the Governor, pending the establishment of Government Dispensaries throughout the island, passed in September, 1880, certain rules for affording medical aid to them under a ticket system. These rules, as they now stand with subsequent amendments, are given be- low. The system has now been in operation for twelve years and is believed to work satisfactorily :- 1. That the Chairman of a Parochial Board shall nominate to the Governor for appointment as Distributors of Tickets such gentlemen as he may select ; and they will on appointment by the Governor be furnished by the Superintending Medical Officer with tickets of the respective values of 3s, and 2s. as respects all parishes other than Kingston, and of values of 2s, and 1s. as respects Kingston, and the appointment so made shall be subject to revocation on the advice of the said Chairman, 2. Any really poor person not on the pauper roll who is unable to pay the assumed minimum fee of 4s. vil it considered deserving of the relief, receive from the gentlemen so selected a ticket which, on presentation at the Government Dispensary, or where there is no such Dispensary at the residence of the Parochial Medi- cal Officer, will entitle the holder, on payment of the fee represented on the ticket, to medical advice and medicines. 3. A separate ticket must be presented on the occasion of each application to the Government Dispensary or Medical Officer's residence; but, in the event of a second or third visit being necessary during the treatment of the case, two-thirds only of the amount represented on the ticket first presented will be demanded, and half for subsequent applications during the continuance of the same illness. 4. Any person in receipt of a ticket unable to attend at the Government Dispensary, or at the Medical Offi cor's residence, by reason of serious illness or infirmity, & note to this effect being made on the ticket by the gentleman making the recommendation, shall be attended at home by the Parochial Medical Officer of the district. 6. Any such ticket presented to the Medical Officer of the district shall require him to attend at the home of the patient, for which service he shall receive an allowance for mileage at the rate of ls. per mile goins nd 6d returning, 6. The fees represented on such ticket shall be paid by the applicant for relief, and the mileage by the Municipal Board of the parish out of the moneys provided by law for support of, and medical attendance on the poor.* 7. In the ease of prescription prepared at the Government Dispensaries, or with Government drugs, one. third of the fee roceived with the tioket shall be credited to the Government to cover the cost of the medicines and two-third to pay the Medical Officer; when made up by the Medical Officers from their own drugs the entire sum represented on the ticket shall be their fee. * The payment of mileage from poor rates has been discontinued as it has been held to be. under Law 6 of 1886. an improper appropriation of the money derived from those rates, and the attendance of Medical Officers at the houses of patients is no longer required. MEDICAL. 191 8. Medical Officers having charge of Government Dispensaries will attend to the holders of tickets between the hours of 9 and 11 o'clock a.m., on two days in the week, which will be fixed by the Medical Officer. 9. Prescriptions to be made up at Government Dispensaries will be attended to daily, Sundays excepted, be- tween the hours of 11 a.m. and 4 p.m. A Dispensing School has been established at the Public Hospital for the purpose of training efficient Dispensers for the several medical institutions of the colony; there are at present thirteen students undergoing a course of instruction, and, were it not for the limited accommodation, a much larger number might be enrolled. During the first year of the constitution of the Government Medical Service its officers received no concessions from the Government by way of pension or leave of absence. If a Medical Officer required to quit the island on the ground of ill-health he had to forfeit all his subsidised salary in order to provide a substitute, but in the year 1877 the arrangements set forth in the 11th, 12th and 13th sections of the Regulations given above in respect to leave of absence and pensions were sanctioned by the Secretary of State. Section 24 of the Pension, Law 34 of 1885, preserves the right to pensions to those District Medical Officers who entered the service before the coming into operation of that law. The Lepers' Home situated in the neighbourhood of Spanish Town is under the direction of the Superintending Medical Officer. This institution contains 168 beds, and during the year 1891-92, 124 cases of leprosy, 12 cases of framboesia, and cases of other kindred diseases were treated there. Below is a statement showing the amount expended from general revenue for the working of the Medical Department from the period of its inauguration to the close of the financial year 1890-91 :- 1869-70 £4,063 11 7 1881-82 £34,013 10 8 1870-71 11,325 10 2 1882-83 31,699 94 1871-72 12,134 17 7 1883-84 31,061 12 3 1872-73 13,729 17 11 1884-85 31,397 10 1 1873-74 16,174 14 10 1885-86 32,319 3 10 1874-75 18,844 11 1 1886-87 34,925 16 4 1875-76 16,881 19 10 1887-88 34,888 0 7 1876-77 17,926 19 1888-89 30,559 7 11 1877-78 27,571 15 2 1889-90 29,890 5 10 1878-79 27,504 3 7 1890-91 (half-year.) 14,269 11 7 1879-80 30,921 5 6 1891-92 33,097 18 0 1880-81 31,924 9 3 As an outcome of the Report of the Royal Commissioners instructions were issued that District Medical Officers are not to be allowed to engage in any business uncon- nected with their profession; or to occupy land except in cases where the occupation of the land necessarily accompanies that of the house. QUARANTINE. The practice of Quarantine in this island has been considerably modified since the official investigation into its working in 1851. The laws now in force are 37 of 1869, modified by 32 of 1872 and Law 10 of 1892. The Governor in Privy Council is authorised to declare any port or place to be an infected port or place within the meaning of the Quarantine Law of 1869, and vessels arriving from such port or place are liable to quarantine, the duration, &c., of which depends upon the circumstances of each case, and is left to the discretion of the Quarantine Board. Whenever a vessel arrives at any port in this island, not coming from any place declared by the Governor in Privy Council to be “infected,” and not having at the time of arrival any infectious disease on board, or not having had any death from such disease during the voyage, the Health Officer is authorised to admit her to pratique. If a vessel on arrival is not provided with a bill of health from the last port touched at, the Visiting Officer shall, under the provisions of Law 10 of 1892, order such vessel to hoist a Quarantine Flag and anchor at the Quarantine Ground until released. There is power to the Governor to appoint lazarets and to frame rules for the same. The following Rules were made in 1874 for carrying out the Quarantine Law :- 1. Ships placed in quarantine by the Health Officer are to hoist the yellow flag at the fore-top-gallant mast head and are to take up an anchorage without delay in the quarantine ground where they are to remain until released by order of the Quarantine Board. 2. The quarantine ground shall be pointed out by the Visiting Officer. 192 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. 3. A Constable is to be placed on board each ship in quarantine and is to see that all Rules and Regulations in respect of quarantine are strictly carried out. 4. No personal communication is to take place between vessels in quarantine and the shore. No boats from the shore or from other boats or vessels, whether in quarantine or not, shall be allowed to have personal communication with a ship in quarantine. 5. No ship shall be allowed to make fast to the quarantine buoy placed to mark the quarantine ground or to anchor within 100 yards of that buoy. 6. Lighters or boats conveying cargo or coals or other supplies to ships in quarantine may be towed to the quarantine buoy; and to prevent personal communication with the ships in quarantine all persons on board such boats or lighters must then quit them and return outside the limits of the quarantine ground. be towed alongside the ship in quarantine by her crew and un- loaded, but no packages are to be returned to the boats or lighters from the ship. When the boats or lighters are empty they are to be towed back by the crew of the ship to the quarantine buoy, and after the men so em. ployed have left them the persons who may be in charge of such boats or lighters may proceed to the quaran- tine buoy to fetch them away. 8. All boats belonging to ships in quarantine are to hoist a yellow flag in the bow when absent from their ships. 9. Passengers in ships that are placed in quarantine may, with the sanction of the Visiting Officer, be landed in the ship's boats at such Lazaretto or place as may be pointed out by the Visiting Officer and subject to his instructions and supervision. 10. Cases of sickness among the crew or passengers of ships in quarantine may, with the sanction of the Visiting Officer, and under his instruction and supervision, be landed in the ship's boats at the Lazaretto. 11. No articles of clothing or bedding that have been used in cases of disease shall be permitted to be landed. 12. The mail bags from a ship in quarantine shall, before being landed, undergo such process of fumigation as the Visiting Officer may consider necessary. 18. Any person who may have died on board a ship in quarantine shall be buried in such place as shall be pointed out by the Visiting Officer. . 14. In case of a ship in quarantine proceeding to sea the Constable shall be previously landed at the Laza- retto. The Pilot, who accompanies the ship to sea, shall proceed on his return to the Lazaretto, and both Constable and Pilot shall remain there in quarantine for the same period as the ship would have been kept if she had remained at anchor. 15. In the cases where the Quarantine Board may think that the nature of the contagious or infectious di- sease is such as to renderit unnecessary to keep the ship in which any case of such disease shall have occurred in quarantine for so long a period as fourteen days, or if there be other circumstances to justify any shorten- lag of the period of fourteen days of quarantine, the Quarantine Board may, if they shall think fit, admit a vesselto pratique at an earlier period than the period of fourteen days provided in section 15 of Law 37 of 1869. 16. Any person who may be found guilty of any infringement of any of these Rules and Regulations shall be subject to a penalty not exceeding ten pounds. The following further Rules were approved by the Governor on the 2nd April, 1884, for carrying out the Quarantine Law :-- "If at any time by reason of the failure to comply with any Rule of this Board, or for any other sufficient reason, it should be found impracticable to receive passengers that are on a ship placed in quarantine into the Lazaretto, or other place that may be ap- proved of by the Quarantine Board, such passengers will be required to remain on board until the ship is released from quarantine or until arrangements can be made for remov. ing them from such ship. No passengerorother person on board a ship in quarantine will be allowed to leave the ship for the purpose of being landed at the Lazaretto, or other place that may be approved by the Quarantine Board, before payment has been made to the Visiting Officer of the amount payable, in accordance with the following scale, for the maintenance of such pas- senger during the period of detention in quarantine :- For first class passengers at the rate of 6/ per day. For second class passengers at the rate of 3/6 per day. For third class passengers at the rate of 1/6 per day. Children, according to class, charged as under :- 8 years of age and under 12 years—half rates. 3 years of age and under 8 years-quarter rates. Under 3 years of age-free. The following rule was made by the Officer Administering the Government in Privy Council on the 16th November, 1888:- Should the Master of any vessel that has been ordered into quarantine in any port of the island desire to proceed to any other port of the island before such vessel has per. formed, and been duly discharged from, quarantine, he should give notice of such desire to the Visiting Officer of the port at which his vessel is in quarantine, and shall in such notice name the port to which he desires to proceed, and it shall be the duty of the Visiting Officer to furnish to such Master & certificate showing the number of days the vessel has been in quarantine, and the number remaining to complete the quarantine term; and thereupon it shall be lawful for him to proceed to such last mentioned port; but he must enter such port flying the quarantine flag, and proceed straight to the quarantine g round at such port. The Master of any vessel neglecting or contravening any of the provisions of this rule shall incur a fine or penalty not exceeding ten pounds. The following Rules for the government and direction of the Lazaretto at Green Bay are binding on the officers, servants and inmates of the Quarantine Establishment: MEDICAL. 193 1. During the existence of quarantine restrictions at the Lazaretto the Quarantine Es. tablishment shall be under the direction of the Health Officer for the ports of Kingston and Port Royal for the time being. 2. It shall be the duty of the Health Officer, during the continuance of such restrictions, to visit the Lazaretto daily, if practicable, or as frequently as may be deemed necessary, with a view to ascertain the health of the inmates; and in case of the existence or out- break of any contagious or infectious disease as plague, cholera, small-pox or yellow fever, the Health Officer shall be empowered to take all necessary measures to secure the separa- tion and isolation of those who are sick of any such infectious disorder from those who are well. 3. It shall be the duty of the Matron to take charge and care of the equipment of the Lazaretto, to receive and issue stores, and to superintend the ordering and preparation of meals, to direct and control the nurses and domestic servants placed under her, and to maintain the cleanliness of the wards and dormitories. 4. The inmates of the Lazaretto are strictly enjoined not to damage or destroy the pro- perty of the institution. 5. The inmates are also strictly enjoined to observe all the sanitary arrangements that may be made by the Medical Officer, and the domestic arrangements made by the Matron, and in case of the violation of any such arrangement any such inmate shall be liable to a fine or penalty not exceeding ten pounds. 6. Smoking within the dormitories is strictly prohibited under a fine or penalty not exceeding forty shillings. 7. All lights in dormitories other than those sanctioned by the Medical Officer shall be extinguished at 10 p.m., after which hour all loud conversation, singing or noise, must cease, and quietude conducive to sleep must be maintained during the night. Any person violating this rule shall be liable to a fine or penalty not exceeding five pounds. 8. It shall be the duty of the Constables placed in charge at the Lazaretto to see that rules 4, 5, 6 and 7 are strictly observed. The Lazaretto at Green Bay was opened on the 5th April, 1881. On that day the passengers of the S. S. “ Californian” were transferred to the Establishment, having arrived from Colon where small-pox existed. The Lazaretto is situated at the mouth of the harbour of Kingston at Green Bay, opposite Port Royal, from which it is distant about two miles, its distance from King- ston being six miles. It stands on a projecting cliff overlooking the harbour, and is some 50 to 60 feet above sea level. The grounds belonging to it are ten acres in ex- tent. The buildings consist of five blocks standing several chains apart, namely, first class passengers; second class passengers ; hospital ; matron's and servants' quarters ; kitchen, store rooms, &c. The first class building is 32 feet by 42 feet and provides accommodation for 32 persons. It has a spacious piazza round all four sides. The second class building has accommodation for 36 persons, being 152 feet long by 28 feet wide, and has a piazza on the front and ends. Both first and second class build- ings are provided with separate lavatories and bath rooms, to all of which pipes are laid on from the water tank. The hospital is placed higher up the hill than are any of the other buildings, being about 100 feet above sea-level. Accommodation is pro- vided for eight male and six female patients, with a dispensary and rooms for atten- dants, lavatories, &c. The Lazaretto is fully equipped with the necessary furniture, bedding, &c. The arrangements for a supply of water are ample, there being one tank of 20,000 gallons capacity and another of 6,000. A substantial wharf has been erected, running out into the sea 150 feet. Good fishing is abundant and there is a fine beach for sea bathing and for a pro- menade. The visitor to the tropics interested in marine life will not find objects of interest wanting. The immediate neighbourhood of the grounds is an uncultivated hill side ; but all the buildings command extensive prospects. There is an uninterrupted sea view to south and south-east, and the inland view to the eastward is striking. Looking across the harbour there is the City of Kingston in the foreground, and beyond it lie the magnificent mountains of the eastward of Jamaica ; conspicuous among them Blue Mountain Peak, nearly 8,000 feet above the sea. A fine sea breeze blows during the hottest part of the day and the nights are cool. Taking the advantages of the site and the ample accommodation into consideration, it may be safely said that few institutions of the kind do more to render tolerable a period of necessary, if irksome, confinement. 194 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. The Secretary of the Quarantine Board is responsible for the interior economy of the Establishment; but when it is occupied by passengers the Health Officer at Port Royal is in medical charge. A resident matron, one house-cleaner and a watchman are permanently employed; but the staff of servants is increased according to the number of passengers undergoing quarantine. The District Medical Officers are Visiting Officers under the 4th section of the Quarantine Law, 1869, for their respective Districts. BOARDS OF HEALTH. From the year 1855, when the Act for the appointment of a Central Board of Health expired, there was no general law in force in the island providing as far as possible against the introduction or spread of contagious or infectious diseases until the passing of Law 6 of 1867. Under that law the Governor is empowered to ap- point a Central Board of Health; and the Municipal Boards of the several parishes, now styled Parochial Boards, are constituted Local Boards of Health, subordinate to the Central Board, with power to adopt all necessary measures for suppressing nui- sances and promoting the public health. Law 14 of 1873, amended by Law 8 of 1874, gives these Boards the additional power of dividing their parishes into sanitary dis- tricts and of appointing Commissioners of Health for the inspection and control of such districts. This law also empowers the Local Boards to impose a sanitary rate on household property for defraying the expenses incurred by them for sanitary pur- poses. In 1874 these provisions were extended. The late Dr. Bowerbank, in a petition to the Legislative Council, stated that “for many years he had been painfully im- pressed with the great want of legislative action in most important matters affecting the public health ;" and with respect to Kingston in particular he expressed the opinion that the “sanitary status was retrograding rather than advancing." He particularly referred to the want of legislation for the isolation of persons affected with contagious diseases and for effectually preventing the spread of such diseases, and he drew special attention to the English Sanitary Act of 1866 on these impor- tant points. In consequence of these representations Law 8 of 1874, in aid of Law 6 of 1867, was passed by the Legislative Council. For a time these laws were con- sidered ample, but recently it became apparent that further legislation was needed. The consequence was the passing of Law 15 of 1887. This law empowers the Cen- tral Board of Health to make rules and regulations (with the approval of the Gover- nor in Privy Council) for the prevention or mitigation of contagious or infectious di- seases. A principal object of the law is the isolation of houses, streets, lanes, &c., and the keeping isolated therein of any person suffering, or suspected to be suffering, from any such disease. Any person who, on account of poverty, may be without pro- per lodging, food and nursing, may be removed to any Hospital or other place pro- vided for the reception of persons suffering from contagious or infectious disease. Under the 30th section of Law 21 of 1874, a law passed for the establishment, regu- lation and management of the Kingston Cemetery at May Pen, the Central Board of Health have an important and a responsible duty to perform in the interests of the public health in representing to the Governor, in Privy Council, the places or burial grounds in the City of Kingston in which burials should be discontinued on sanitary grounds. The Governor, in Privy Council, is empowered under the same section of the law, to order that after a certain specified time burials shall be discontinued in the places or burial grounds which form the subject of the Board's representations. The Central Board of Health have largely availed themselves of the discretionary power vested in them by the section of the law, the provisions of which have been extensively resorted to. The corresponding provisions affecting the towns throughout the island generally are to be found in Law 7 of 1875, “A Law to regulate burials within the limits of towns and to provide for their discontinuance in certain cases." Under the 5th section of this law the Local Board of Health may empower any Health Officers or Inspectors of Nuisances to enter at all reasonable hours of the day time upon any building or lands within their respective districts for the purpose of inspection, provided in the case of private property that twelve hours' notice of the MEDICAL. 195 intention to inspect is given to the occupier; and the 7th section enacts that no grounds or places within the limits of any town or village in the island, not already opened or used as burial grounds or places of burial, shall be so opened or used without a license from the Local Board of Health. Central Board of Health. Deputy Surgeon-General Hon. C. B. Mosse, C.B., Superintending Medical Officer. Hon. Dr. J. V. Phillippo, Member of the Privy Council. Dr. Jasper Cargill, District Medical Officer, St. Andrew. Dr. Frank Saunders, Senior Medical Officer Public Hospital. Dr. G. C. Henderson, Kingston. Surgeon-Lt.-Colonel R. A. Malley, Senior Medical Officer. E. Peel, Esq., Inspector General of Police. Mr. E. A. Foster, Secretary. Mr. Foster receives a salary of £100 per annum (in addition to his salary as Chief Clerk of the Medical Department) for discharging the duties of Secretary to the Cen- tral Board of Health and the Quarantine Board. Bills of Health are granted by him (as Secretary to the Central Board) free of charge. The Visiting Officers at the seve- ral outports also grant Bills of Health on certificates obtained from the Medical Officer of the port. Bills of Health are granted for vessels leaving Port Royal by the Health Officer of the port. For rules made under this Law see p. 127 of Book for 1891-92. ESTABLISHMENT OF THE ISLAND MEDICAL DEPARTMENT, Salary and I Date of First Office. Name of Holder. other Appointment to Emolument. Public Service. Medical Department, £ 8. d. Superintending Medical Officer C.B. Mosse, C.B.,M.R.C.s.! Eng. *1,200 0 0 June, '76 Chief Clerk E, A. Foster 400 0 0 5th Mar., '66 First Class Clerk L. E. Delfosse 210 0 0 9th Aug., '71 Second Class Clerk M. C. Solomon 110 00 6th Oct.,''88 Third ditto A. M. Strachan 85 0 0 1st Feb., '91 Edwin Butler 0012 Medical Storekeeper Lodging allowance . Public Hospital. Chief Medical Officer & Director C.B. Mosse,C.B.,M.R.C.s. June, '76 | Eng. SW.H. Strachan, L.R.C.P. I Senior Medical Officer Lon., M.R.C.s. Eng. S 600 0 0 13th April, '81 Senior Resident Medical E G. V. Lockett, M.B.C.M. 400 0 0 1st Dec., '90 Officer M. Grabham. M.R.C.S., } Junior ditto 7300 0 0 16th Dec., '92 Eng. Clerk and Purveyor Turner Pearson 250 0 0 Aug., '69 Warden and Issuer . W. Carr 100 0 0 Dispenser . R. N. Gordon 100 0 0 Dec., "89 Matron C. E. Williamson 90 0 0 1st Jan., '86 Assistant Clerk . J. H. Phillips 100 0 0 Sep., '73 Chaplain Rev. G. W. Downer 50 0 0 Dec., '76 Lunatic Asylum. Medical Supt. and Director . | J. W. Plaxton, M.R.C.S. . t650 0 0 6th July, '63 Assistant Medical Officer . M. P. C. McCormack, 1 $400 0 0 2nd March, '80 L.R.C.S., Ed. Chief Clerk and Steward . J. M. Simpson 250 0 0 3rd Sep., '66 Warden T. W. A. Van Cuylenberg 7250 00 Matron A, E. Blake +160 0 0 Assistant Clerk Vacant 10000 Lepers' Home. Medical Attendant J. F. Donovan, M.D. 400 0 0 2nd July, '71 Superintendent and Dispenser G. M. Jopp 120 0 0 1st Aug., '79 G. Burnside 60 0 0 Port Royal Jas. Neish, M.D. 500 0 0 TOct., '76 * The Superintending Medical Officer and the Medical Storekeeper receive reimbursement of travelling expenses on the authorized scale. † And residence, † And furnished residence. 250 50 1 22nd Jan., '74 Matron Tealth Officer. 196 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. DISTRICT MEDICAL OFFICERS. Parish. District. Name of Medical Officer, Kingston St. Andrew St. Thomas Portland St. Mary Kingston | C. Gayleard, M.R.C.S., Eng. Western or Stony Hill |Y. T. G. Moore, L.R.C.P., Lon. Halfway-Tree J. Cargill, M.D., New York L.R.C.P., Lon. Eastern C. W. M. Castle, M.B. Southern J. J. Rogers, St. David C. R. Edwards. Morant Bay J. S. Gerrard, M.R.C.S., Eng. Bath G.J. Neish, Plantain Garden River A. C. Neyland, M.D. Manchioneal J. Hobbs. Port Antonio C. A. Moseley, M.D. Buff Bay E. R. C. Earle. Hope Bay J. C. E. Roberts, M.D, Annotto Bay L. Gifford, M.B. Belfield J. Pringle, M.B. Port Maria L. E. Delmage, L.R.C.P. Gayle L. M. Clark, L.R.C.P., Edin. St. Ann's Bay H. E. Maunsell, M.B., M.R.C.S., Irld, Moneague D. M. Macphail, M.B., M.S. Brown's Town F. G. Phillippo, L.B.C.P. Cave Valley G. Hargreaves, L.R.C.P., Edin. Ulster Spring F. A. G. Purchas. Swanswick C. T. Dewar, L.R.C.S., L.R.C.P. Falmouth J.L. Cox, L.R.C.P., L.R.C.S. Ed. Good Hope Sub-District Montego Bay (Leeward and . J. De Leon, Windward Districts) St. Ann Trelawny St. James Hanover Bandon Central District Lucea Green Island Savanna-la-Mar, No. 1 Savanna-la-Mar, No. 2 G. E. Cheyne, M.R.C.S., Eng. E. H. Cooke, M.B. W. G. Farquharson, Westmoreland ... Western St. Elizabeth Black River . Santa Cruz Siloah C. E, Harvey | 0. C. Harvey, M.R.C.S., Eng. M.D. .(F. A. Sinclair, M.B., M.D., Edin. J. A. L. Calder, M.B., M.R.C.S., Edin. J. H. Clark, L.B.0.8., Edin. V. ff. Mullen, George Cooke, L.R.C.8., Irld S. M. Logan. B. M. Beckwith. H. Joslen, M.R.C.8. . . Manchester Mandeville Newport Mile Gully Porus .... Clarendon Chapelton Dry River or Four Paths Vere H. L. Clare, M.B. R.G.S. Bell, M.B., M.S., Edin. H. G. Tillman. St. Catherine Old Harbour Spanish Town St. John's Linstead Supernumerary Medical Officer Ditto Ditto Ditto W, D. Neish, L.R.C.P., Ed. G. T. Martyn, M.R.C.S., Eng. T. M. Drummond, M.D. J. H. Peck, L.R.C.S., Ed. A. E. Mayner. A. W. Thomson. Dr. D. M, M. Ross. Dr. E. G. H. Williams, POLICE. 197 MEDICAL PRACTITIONERS WHO ARE NOT IN THE PUBLIC SERVICE. James Scott, M.R.C.S., Eng., Kingston. R. C. Gibb, M.R.C.S., Eng., L.R.C.P., Lon., M. Stern, M.R.C.S., Eng., Kingston. Vere. J. Ogilvie, F.R.C.S., Edin., Kingston. J. M. Ferguson, M.D., Edin., St. Mary. J. C. Phillippo, M.D., Edin., Kingston W. B. Keech, M.R.C.S., Eng., Pt. Antonio. A. R. Saunders, M.B., Lon., F.R.C.S., Eng., Jas. Johnstone, L.R.O.P., L.R.C.S., Edin., Kingston Brown's Town. J. Wilson, M.D., Aberdeen, Montego Bay. Alex. J. McCatty, Montego Bay. J. E. W. Holwell, M.D., Old Harbour. Augustus Nicoll, M.B., M.S., Edin., King. J. A. Wegg, M.D., Ohio, Spanish Town. ston. E. E. Bronstorph, L.R.C.P., Lon., Kingston. F. H. Saunders, M.R.C.s., Eng., Kingston. G. F. A. Da Costa, B.M., M.S., Aberdeen, L. D. H. Russel, M.R.C.s., Spanish Town Kingston. C. H. Van Waterschoodt, M.D., Highgate, I. W. Anderson, M.D., Edin., Kingston. St. Mary. W. J. Calder, M.B., Westmoreland. Alex, G. McCatty, St. Ann's Bay. G. C. Henderson, M.D., Lon., Kingston. A. A. Robinson, M.B., Edin., Kingston, BOARD OF VISITORS PUBLIC HOSPITAL, KINGSTON. Hon. J. T. Orrett. I. W. Anderson, M.D. L. P. Branday, Esq. F. B. Lyons, Esq. Thos. Oughton, Esq. BOARD OF VISITORS LUNATIC ASYLUM, Right Revd. C. Gordon. William Lee, Esq. Hon. J. C. Phillippo, M.D. Rev. W. Gillies. C. E. DeMorcado, Esq. Hon, W. Bourke. POLICE. In 1866 it was considered necessary to abolish the old Police Force and a Law was passed in 1867 (No. 8) establishing a new and improved Police or Constabulary Force. Under that law the Governor is empowered to appoint an Inspector General and a staff of Inspectors and Sub-Inspectors ; and the Inspector General is autho- rised to admit persons as Sub-Officers and Constables. No person is eligible for membership unless he can produce a certificate of character from a Magistrate or other gentleman of position and can pass a satisfactory medical examination. He must not be less than five feet six inches in height and 32 inches round the chest; not less than 18 or more than 35 years of age; and be able to read, without hesita- tion, any printed or written document and to write a fair hand Every candidate isenrolled for five years and he is bound to serve and reside in any place to which he may be appointed-his native parish and the parish with which he may be connected by marriage or family ties not being one of the districts to which he may be sent. The allowed strength of the force in 1893 is as follows: CONSTABULARY, Inspector General First Class Inspectors Second Class Inspectors Third Class Inspecturs Sub-Inspectors Sergeants-Major Sergeants Corporals First Class Constables Second Class Constables WATER POLICE. Coxswains, 1 Sergeant, 3 Corporals Acting Coxswains (First Class Constable) Water Policemen 762 The Detectives and mounted orderlies are included in this strength. The Officers, Sub-Officers and men are trained in military exercises for the purpose of enabling them to protect themselves, their prisoners, and their barracks, and to act in unison and with alertness and effect in cases of danger and alarm, such as riots and fires. In the Falmouth riot of 1859 the want of drill and discipline on the part of the old Police led to serious consequences. Five persons were killed without the 198 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. order to fire being given by any responsible officer and while the Inspector in com. mand was in front of the line endeavouring to secure the restoration of order. At Morant Bay, in 1865, the first thing done by the rioters was to attack the Police station and to obtain possession of the arms, consisting of muskets, bayonets and pistols. But although trained as a Semi-Military Police the Constabulary are bound to perform all the duties appertaining to the office of Constables. They are required to preserve the peace, to detect crimes, to apprehend or summon persons found com- mitting any offence against the criminal or the conservancy laws, to execute all sum- monses, warrants, subpoenas, and other processes issuing from any Court of Justice or by any Justice of the Peace in a criminal matter, to aid the Health and Sanitary Officers in the execution of their duties, to apprehend smugglers and others found contravening the revenue laws, to seize all contraband goods and all taxable property for the non-payment of taxes, and to keep order at all markets, theatres, courts and other public places and assemblies. As a preventive force they are required to patrol the towns and highways, both by day and by night, and to visit the estates, pens, plantations and villages. To ensure regularity in their patrols the sub-officers and men of each station are so distributed as to furnish the necessary quota for this indispensable and important duty, whilst providing for the due performance of the miscellaneous work of the district. In Kingston the town guard is further divided into night and day duty men, about two- thirds being on night guard and one-third on day guard. The regulated beats of the day guard consist principally of “fixed points ;' these are established for the purpose of providing for the permanent presence of a constable in each of the populous and important centres of the city. In the other towns the beats are so arranged as to secure for the commercial quarters the vigilant attention of the patrols, while the residences are not without police supervision. The Constabulary, by means of this effective system of patrol in town and coun- try, not only materially prevent the committal of crime, and especially depredations on property, but are at all times prepared to furnish the Authorities with accurate information respecting places, persons and occurrences. They are required promptly and correctly to report to the Inspector General and to the Custodes the approach of any political festival, meeting, assembly, or demonstration, illegal drilling, or other circumstance connected with, or in any wise affecting the peace or tranquillity of the country or the safety of life or property. The Detectives are specially charged with the duty and responsibility of tracing felonies and other serious offences and apprehending offenders. They are aided by the ordinary Constabulary and by the Rural Police, but their actions are greatly facili- tated by the system of criminal registration which forms an important element in the present police arrangements of the colony. The antecedents of every habitual criminal are carefully collected, recorded and circulated, with his photograph, and he is bound once in every month to report himself to a Chief Officer of Police. He is taken under police supervision the moment he leaves the General Penitentiary or other prison and every movement of his is carefully watched and reported. The history and actions of all other persons convicted of crime, but not sentenced to police super- vision, are similarly noted and circulated; but criminals of this class are not required to report themselves to the Constabulary. The Water Police of Kingston, Black River, Port Antonio and Sav-la-Mar are auxi- liaries to the regular Police and are charged with the prevention and detection of larcenies, smuggling, &c., from the wharves and shipping in the harbours and on the rivers of their respective districts. The Rural Police Force was organised for the purpose of connecting the main police system with the remote recesses of the island. Their principal duty is the suppression of the crime of larceny of growing produce and small stock, but they have all the powers of Constables both in the departments of justice and of revenue. They have, in fact, a power in excess of the ordinary Constabulary. If a Rural Headman of Police suspects that stolen property is concealed in the house, premises, or lands of any person who has ever been convicted of larceny, or of receiving stolen goods, he can, without a search warrant, enter and search for such property and arrest the offender. The Rural Headmen of Police are respectable yeomen of, and resident householders in, their POLICE. 199 parishes, and the Rural Policemen are resident householders of the districts superin- tended by the Headmen to whom they are subordinate. They report themselves periodically at the nearest Constabulary Station, where they give and receive in- formation and obtain instructions as to the manner in which they should act for the 54 15 48 13 0 3 0 10 by a belt and a baton and the Rural Policemen by a baton alone; and the whole force is under the supervision and control of the Officers of Constabulary. The allowed strength of the Rural Police in 1893 is :- Rural Headmen 216 Rural Policemen (being six Policemen to each Headman) 1,296 1,512 The total allowed strength of the Police of the colony in 1893 may thus be stated :- Constabulary 735* Water Police 27 Rural Police 1.512 Total 2,274 is against a force of 4,859 in 1866, of which 4,412 belonged to the Rural Constabulary. The pay of the members of the force is as follows:- † Inspector General, salary £850 0 0f First Class Inspectors, salary, £300; forage, £82 28. 6d.; 409 100 servant, £27 78, 60. Second Class Inspectors, salary, £250; allowances as above . 359 10 0 Third Class Inspectors, salary, £200; allowances as above . 309 10 Sub-Inspectors, salary, £130; forage, £41 ls. 3d. ; servant, £27-78. 6d. 198 8 Sergeant-Major for Kingston at 5/ per day 91 5 Depôt Sergeant-Major at 5/ per day 91 5 Sergeant-Major other than in Kingston at 4/6 per day 82 2 Sergeant at 3/6 per day. 63 17 Corporal at 3/ per day First Class Constable at 2/8 per day Second Class Constable at 24 per day 42 11 Detective, in addition to the ordinary pay of his rank, 8d. per day 12 3 Mounted Orderly, ditto, 2d. per day WATER POLICE. Coxswains-Sergeant at 3/6 per day £63 17 6 Ditto Corporal at 3) per day 54 15 0 Actg. ditto First Class Constables at 2/8 48 13 4 Water Policemen at 2/6 per day 45 12 6 A Rural Headman of Police receives £l a month and is allowed to keep one horse free of tax. A Rural Policeman receives pay at the rate of 1/6 for each day on which he is employed. The Inspector General may increase the pay of a Rural Policeman on special occa- sions, as far as two shillings and six pence for each day. Each Sub-Officer and Constable is annually granted by the Government a suit of full dress uniform and a pair of boots. He is also provided with quarters, bed and bedding, station furniture, water and lights, and with hospital accommodation and medical aid when sick. A certain number of Constables in the country parishes, who keep horses and use the same for Police purposes, receive 6s. 3d. per month forage allowance for each horse and are exempt from the horse tax. The Officers are also relieved of the payment of taxes on their horses ; and all the members of the force are paid their reasonable expenses when travelling, or when absont from their homes, on duty. On the 1st January, 1889, the system of good conduct badges (similar to that exist- ing in the Army) was introduced. Under this system the holder of a good conduct badge is entitled to a penny a day in addition to his ordinary pay. No man of a higher rank than that of a Constable is qualified for this distinction. A special reward may be granted to any Sub-Officer or Constable who may perform # This includes the Inspector General. + The Inspector General receives travelling allowance according to the authorized scale. | For both offices of Inspector General of Police and Director of Prisons. & Each Inspector and Sub-Inspector receives free quarters or lodging allowance in lieu thereof, in addition to salary. 200 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. any act beyond his ordinary duty, or skilfully conduct a case to a successful termina- tion, or exhibit special acts of bravery in arresting an offender, or in aiding at a fire or accident, &c. These rewards are paid from the Constabulary Reward Fund, which consists of the fines imposed on members of the force for breaches of discipline and other departmental offences, and the penalties and proportions of penalties awarded in Courts of Justice to the Constabulary in their character of informers or prosecutors. Special regulations are in force under which Sub-Officers and Constables receive pensions from the Constabulary Pension Fund, which is formed by the deduction of eightpence in the pound from the pay of every Sub-Officer aud Constable of the force. Officers of the Force who were appointed before the coming into operation of the Pension Law of 1885 are entitled to pensions under that law, but Officers subse- quently appointed will be required to contribute from their salaries towards any Pub- lic Officers Pension Fund that may hereafter be created. The new Rural Police Law (8 of 1889) gives power to Resident Magistrates, the Inspector General of Police and the Officers in charge of parishes to inflict fines on the Rural Police All fines so inflicted will be paid into the “ Rural Police Fund,” which fund will be used for the benefit of the Rural Police alone, in payment of rewards or in other ways, as the Governor may direct. The Laws affecting the organization, &c., of the Police Force are as follow:- 22 Vic., chap. 20, Law 8 of 1867, Law 6 of 1869, Law 46 of 1869, Law 34 of 1870, Law 2 of 1879, Law 20 of 1885 and Law 8 of 1889. The following is a list of the Constabulary Stations throughout the island :- KINGSTON. ST. CATHERINE, contd. ST. EIZABETH.* Sutton Street Point Hill Black River Harbour Street Linstead New Port Water Police Station Lluidas Vale Lacovia Smith's Village Riversdale Retirement Rae Town Earton. Santa Cruz Brown's Town ST. MARY. Balaclava Fletcher's Town Port Maria Siloah Allman Town Richmond Lacovia Bridge. Rock Fort Annotto Bay TRELAWNY. Port Royal. Retreat Falmouth ST. ANDREW. Lucky Hill Rio Bueno Halfway-Tree Oracabessa. Stewart Town Cross Roads CLARENDON. Ulster Spring Gordon Town Chapelton Duncans Lawrence's Tavern Milk River Deeside. Stony Hill Four Paths ST. JAMES. Matilda's Corner Rock River Montego Bay Guava Ridge. May Pen Spring Mount ST. THOMAS. Salt River Adelphi Morant Bay Alley Maroon Town Hagley Gap Hayes Mountpelier. Bath ST. ANN, Port Morant St. Ann's Bay HANOVER. Hordley Dry Harbour Lucea Yallahs Brown's Town Miles Town Trinity Ville Moneague Sandy Bay Easington. Ocho Rios King's Value PORTLAND. Bethany Green Island, Port Antonio Claremont. Hope Bay MANCHESTER.* WESTMORELAND. Buff Bay Mandeville Savanna-la-Mar Castle Christiana Bluefields St. Margaret's Bay Porus Morgan's Bridge Manchioneal, Cottage Whithorn ST, CATHERINE. New Port Negril Spanish Town Asia Speculation Guy's Hill Alligator Pond Little London Old Harbour Kendal. Water Police Station, * A new Station is to be established during the year at Shooter's Hill in Manchester and another at Moun. tainside in St. Elizabeth. PRISONS AND REFORMATORIES. 201 ESTABLISHMENT OF THE CONSTABULARY DEPARTMNNT. | Salary and Date of First District, &c. Name. other appointment to Emolument. Public Service. Office. Inspector General of Head Quarter8| E. Peel* £850 0 0 Nov., '83 Police | Kingston (St. James Wm. McLeod 409 10 0 1st Dec., '66 First Class Inspec- Depôt S. Town G. E. C. Field 409 10 0 1st Feb., '70 tors St. Ann T. Alexander 409 10 0 21st Jan., '72 St. Andrew P. H. James 409 10 0 10th March, "76 Hanover T. E. Depass 359 10 0 19th Nov., "72 Second Class Inspec- St. Elizabeth G. F. Coward 359 10 0 1st Aug., 73 tors Kingston A. A, Wedderburnt 359 10 0 6th May, '75 St. Thomas H. T. Thomas 359 10 0 17th April, '78 St. Catherine M. H. Shee 309 10 0 30th Nov., °79 Manchester F. S. Church 309 10 0 Third Class Inspec. 29th Jan., '82 Westmoreland) J. B. Orrett 309 10 0 1st March, '87 tors Clarendon J. H. McCrea 309 10 0 25th April, '87 Portland H. C. G. Purchas 309 10 0 2nd Jan., '83 Trelawny W. E. Clark 198 8 9 1st Dec., '79 St. Mary Hon. A. St. Aubyn 198 8 9 Sub-Inspectors 28th Nov., '90 Kingston G. E. Maunsell 198 3 9 17th Aug. '82 Depôt W. Jameson Calder 198 8 9 9th Sept., '92 Chief Clerk C. M. McL. Kerr. 400 00 1st Feb., 68 First Class Clerk (Head Quarters JJ. E. Owen 250 0 0 1st Dec., '74 Second Class Clerk Kingston Fonseca 200 0 0 23rd Jan., '75 Third Class Clerk | H. P. Conrad Cox . 90 0 0 1st Feb., '91 1 Habtl, Crimi. Third Class Clerk nal Registry\ H. Laidlaw 100 0 0 7th May, '83 Office PRISONS AND REFORMATORIES. I I. PRISONS. THE General Penitentiary at Kingston covers an area of eleven acres within the walls. The outer walls are specimens of first-rate brickwork, 22 feet high and five feet six inches thick at the base, tapering to 18 inches at the top. There is accom- modation for 544 convicts, male and females, who are all provided with separate cells. The women are entirely separated from the male prisoners, the institution being divided into two sides. The men are classified according to their sentences but they work in association. They are employed on the treadmill, in burning bricks, breaking stones, and in working at various trades. A number of them also work at a never failing lime stone quarry at Rock Fort which forms part of the penitentiary property. To the north of the Penitentiary are the quarters of the Superintendent and other officers, covering about 131 acres, a large portion of which has been recently acquired by Government. The brickfield, in which are the lime and brick kilns, is connected with the Penitentiary proper by means of an underground tunnel. With a view of introducing the modern system of English prison discipline, olas- sification and management, Mr. G. A. Douglas, an experienced officer from the Wok- ing Prison, was appointed in March, 1883, as Superintendent of the General Peni. tentiary. Since then five Warders from English Prisons have been added to the staff. The subordinate officers are now as a rule selected from men who have served with good conduct, either in the Army or in the Constabulary and who have there- fore a knowledge of order and discipline. The mark system as in force in the English Convict Prisons has been adopted. Upon the female side of the Penitentiary a system of classification is now carried out by the separation of those convicted for the first time from the re-convicted criminals. Hair cropping is allowed as a punishment for serious or repeated prison offences committed by women. * The Inspector General draws travelling allowance according to the authorized scale ; his salary of £850 covers also his duties as Inspector General of Prisons. + Receives £100 a year additional as Registrar of Habitual Criminals. 1 For previous history see pages 143 to 147 of Handbook 1891-92, 202 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. There had been up to the 1st July, 1885, District Prisons in the parishes of St. Catherine, St. Mary, Manchester, Trelawny and Hanover, and Short Term Prisons for the detention of those undergoing imprisonment for sixty days and less at Black River, St. Ann's Bay, Port Antonio and Montego Bay ; but on that date the District Prisons in Manchester and St. Mary and the Short Term Prisons at Montego Bay and St. Ann's Bay were closed and the prisoners transferred to the District Prisons in St. Catherine, Falmouth and Hanover. The Short Term Prison at Morant Bay was also closed on 21st October, 1889. This arrangement is an outcome of the recommendations of the Royal Finance Commissioners. There are two Gaols, one at Spanish Town for the Counties of Middlesex and Surrey, and the other at Falmouth (within the same wall as the District Prison) for the County of Cornwall. The gross expenditure of the General Penitentiaries for the twelve months ended 31st March, 1892, has been £12,863 7 44 The gross expenditure for the local Prisons has been 5,759 15 71 £18,623 2 111 The value of articles manufactured in the General Penitentiary used for Prison purposes was £1,478 12 8 The gross earnings in cash of the General Peni- tentiary have been 2,894 15 10 Of the local Prisons 685 6 10 5,058 15 4 £13,564 7 77 The net cost of the Prisons has therefore been £13,564 78. 7 d. or £14 8s. 7d. per prisoner per annum. The total estimated value of labour yielding no return in money was £4,510 3s. 2d. On the 1st April, 1885, a new system for affording religious instruction to the pri- soners of the General Penitentiary came into operation and the scheme known as the Corporate Chaplaincy ceased to exist. By the new arrangement a separate Chaplain is nominated for every denomination of which there are not less than 10 prisoners in the Penitentiary and he receives remuneration according to a fixed scale, 10/ per head per annum for each of the first 50 prisoners and 3/ for each above that number. Under certain restrictions two or more religious bodies may unite and have one Chaplain. The Schoolmaster assists the Chaplains in their duties besides instructing the pri- soners. Arrangements have also been made for securing regular religious ministra- tion to the prisoners in the St. Catherine, Falmouth and Hanover District Prisons and the Middlesex and Surrey County Gaol. The Governor is authorised by Law 18 of 1882 to appoint in respect of each of the prisons two or more Justices of the Peace as Visiting Justices. The Judges of the Supreme Court, and the Resident Magistrates are by virtue of their offices Visiting Justices and severally have and exercise the powers of two Visiting Justices. The Director of Prisons has also the power of two Visiting Justices. TERMS OF SENTENCE OF PRISONERS IN THE PRISONS OF JAMAICA, Year. For 1 year For 3 years and under. and under. | Above 3 years. For Life. Total. 231 258 250 232 234 1877 1878 1879 1880 1881 1882 1883 1884 1885 1886 1887 1888 1889 31st Mar., 1891 1892 643 642 495 558 662 453 365 337 350 391 391 204 299 259 250 249 236 219 200 190 201 189 191 188 167 179 185 1,197 1,179 1,020 1.095 1,159 900 778 719 7. 167 167 355 160 436 448 613 131 774 966 PRISONS AND REFORMATORIES. 203 Return of Prisoners in the General Penitentiaries, District Prisons and County Gaols on the 30th September, 1886–87, 1887–88, 1888–89, 1889-91and on 31st March, 1891–92. Total. 1886–87. 1887–88. 1888–89. 1889-91, 1891–92. - coco SEE General Penitentiaries 513 526 2,435 District Prisons, St. Catherine 202 806 Falmouth and Cornwall Gaol 102 477 Hanover District Prison Morant Bay S. T. Prison Black River S. T. Prison Port Antonio S. T. Prison County Gaol. Middlesex and Surrey 245 795 1 7491 890 893 | 988 4.315 DAILY AVERAGE NUMBER OF PRISONERS IN THE SEVERAL PRISONS OF JAMAICA COMPARED WITH POPULATION. General Penitentiary | District Percentage Year. (including Female Prisons. | Gaols. Total. | Population. I to Popula- Division). tion. e 506,164 1877 1878 1879 1880 1881 1882 1883 1884 1885 1886 • 1887 1888 1889 31st Mch ,'91 '92 660 648 621 582 586 542 475 440 423 510 555 520 465 649 508 426 296 284 300 580,804 1,205 1,240 1,173 1,078 1,303 1,091 928 760 733 787 790 738 873 893 940 461 284 465 483 461 513 512 255 375 323 365 639,491 Discipline has been well maintained in all the Prisons, very little corporal punish- ment has been required and has only been awarded in cases of gross breaches of Prison discipline. The mark system in the General Penitentiary works satisfac- torily. The committals to the District Prisons have increased, and they have at times become inconveniently crowded. This difficulty has been mot by the transfer of prisoners from one District Prison to another, and to the General Penitentiary. The following are the Official Visitors of the General Penitentiary : Captain K. H. A. Mainwaring, R.N. John C. Fegan, Esq8. William Lee Captain W. P. Forwood, INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL AND REFORMATORIES. In 1881 the several laws relating to Reformatories were consolidated and amended, the principal provisions of the new enactment (Law 34 of 1881) being the following: For the erection of suitable buildings and premises, separate and distinct from the Reformatory of Stony Hill, as a Reformatory for girls; the establishing of Indus- trial Schools for boys and girls in the neighbourhood of Kingston and Montego Bay; the committal of criminal children to Reformatories and pauper children to Industrial Schools; and the detention of all children in these institutions until they attain the age of 16. o 2 204 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. Under Law 34 of 1881, the St. Mary's Industrial School for girls at Alpha Cottage was certified in December, 1889, and in August, 1890, an Industrial School for boys under 10 at the same place was also certified. Bishop Gordon of the Roman Catholic Church is the Manager of both these Schools. An Industrial School for Girls un- der Bishop Nuttall at Stony Hill has also been certified on the 27th Oct., 1892. In January, 1891, a Government Industrial School was started at Hope Plantation with 20 boys transferred from the Industrial School at Stony Hill; and in April, 1892, one for girls was opened at Shortwood, St. Andrew. This is the commencement of & movement to separato non-criminal from criminal children, to further which the Industrial Schools were in May, 1891, placed under the Education Department, Mr. Capper being then appointed Inspector of Industrial Schools. BOYS' INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL AND REFORMATORY, STONY HILL. The boys at Stony Hill are trained as tailors, carpenters, masons, black and tinsmiths, bakers, &c. Thirty of them were employed during the year 1891-92 in the carpenter's shop; they made articles of furniture, &c., &c., of the value of £290 18. 2 d. Eight to 12 boys were employed as masons and bricklayers ; they did work valued at £88 12s. Od. The work in the tailoring branch was performed by 20 to 35 boys; they made all the outer clothing, cots and mattresses for the in- stitution. Other boys worked in the blacksmith's shop, bakery, garden and fields. By their steady application to labour the cultivation which on the 1st January, 1878, was only half an-acre, is now extended to 50 acres, comprising 4 acres in cane, 6 acres in coffee, 4 acres in vegetables, 25 acres in provisions, and 11 acres in Guinea grass. A certain amount of time each day is devoted to school work under a resident schoolmaster. Discipline is very creditably maintained. A drum corps has been established at the institution and the boys are now regularly drilled by a competent drill instructor. The gross cost per head per diem for the 230 boys who were in the institution during the year ending the 31st March, 1892, was 1s. Od.11, and the average earnings per child for that period, 5d per diem. The Board of Visitors is as follows :- The Colonial Secretary, Chairman. The Director of Public Works. The Rev. H. H. Isaacs, M.A. The Superintending Medical Officer. The Hon. T. Capper, B.A. The Hon. George Stiebel. The Right Rev. Bishop Gordon. Mr. J. T. Wigham. His Lordship the Bishop of Jamaica, The Hon. James Cecil Phillippo, M.D. Mr, W. Fawcett. Mr. L. J. Stone, Secretary. CHILDREN IN BOYS' REFORMATORY AND INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL AT THE END OF EACH YEAR. 97 124 Year. Criminals. Paupers. Total. 1882 214 101 315 1883 188 285 1884 161 251 1885 148 95 243 1886 165 105 269 1887 175 299 1888 187 125 312 1889 199 122 321 31st Mch., '91 157 84 241 16 92 215 The respective ages of the boys in the Institution on the 31st March, 1892, were : Years. Total. Under 9. Between | Between | 9 and 12. 12 and 16. 147 147 Criminals Paupers 132 39 24 68 Total 6 39 I 171 215 PRISONS AND REFORMATORIES. 205 GIRLS' INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL AND REFORMATORY. THE girls were transferred from Stony Hill to Admiral's Pen on the 15th June, 1882, the premises there having been adapted to, and certified as, a Reformatory for girls under the Law 34 of 1881. The course of training pursued at the institution is schooling for two hours daily and domestic labour for the rest of the day. The value of the labour of the girls in 1891-92 was £438 16s. Od. The gross cost of each child was 12d.167 per diem. At the expiration of their term of service suitable employment in families is found for such inmates as have no friends or relatives to claim them, in- stead of their being returned to their parishes under police escort as formerly. The Board of Visitors is the same as that of the Boys Reformatory; the institution is also visited by a committee of ladies. The Reformatory is under the supervision of the Inspector General. The Board of Lady Visitors is as follows :- Mrs. Isaacs. Mrs. Oughton. Mrs. Chapman. Mrs. Capper. Mrs. East. Mrs. Wedderburn. Mrs. Sant. Mrs. Mainwaring. Mrs. Hendrick. Miss Cargill. Mrs. Cochrane. CHILDREN IN GIRLS' REFORMATORY AT END OF EACH YEAR. Year. Criminals. Paupers. Totals. 32 39 34 1887 1888 1889 24 1891 1892 The respective ages of the girls in the institution on the 31st March, 1892, were: Years. Between Between Total. Under 9. 9 and 12. 12 and 16. - Criminals Paupers 13 Total 47 60 ESTABLISHMENT OF THE PRISONS AND REFORMATORIES DEPARTMENT. Salary and Date of First Office. Name of Holder. other Appointment to Emolument. Public Service. Head Office. £ 8. d. Inspector General of Pri./ sons and Reformatories } Edmund Peel* Clerk L. H. Facey 2000 06th June, '77 General Penitentiary. Superintendent G. A. Douglast 400 0 0 2nd Feb., '83 Deputy Superintendent J. Thompsont 200 0 0 2nd Oct., '83 Surgeon C. Gayleard (acting) Overseer of Works C. A. Smithf 0 0 1st Aug., '79 Chief Clerk G. M. Duff March, '68 Assistant Clerk Vacant 80 0 0 Schoolmaster Henry Foster 135 00 1st June, '86 Principal Warder D. Reynoldst 2nd Oct., '83 Ditto W.T. Birkettt 10th Jan., 89 Ditto Chas. Andrewst 7th March '89 Ditto J. Daltont 0 0 18th Mar., '90 Dispenser M. Hollar 1st July, '92 Salesman B. T. Brown 15th Feb., '78 Storekeeper E. F. McLean 100 0 0 Matron Miss Gordon 16th Nov., '85 Other Prisons. Superintendent Middlesex II J. Sheridant 120 0 0 2nd July, '92 and Surry County Gaol * Paid at the rate of 2850 as Inspector General of Police and of Prisons. The Inspector General re. ceives reimbursement of travelling expenses under the regulations at present in force. t Wood, water, residence and medical attendance. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ö 0 206 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. 0 0 0 / 21st st., 7" 60 0 ESTABLISHMENT OF THE PRISONS AND REFORMATORIES DEPARTMENT, continued. Salary and Date of First Offioe. Name of Holder. other Appointment to Emolument. Public Service. Other Prisons. £ 8. d. Superintendent St. Cathe- W. R. Walker* 200 0 0 2nd Oct., '83 rine District Prison Do. Falmouth R. M. Humphries* 200 0 0 2nd Oct., '83 Do. Hanover Jos. Towers* 120 0 0 26th Mar., '91 Do. Black River R. S. Turner (acting)* Do. Port Antonio C, E. Evans* ŏ Sep., '67 Boys' Reformatory. Superintendent Thomas Mairt 340 0 0 17th April '80 Intendant J. Hartt 150 0 0 | 25th Oct., '83 Dispenser and Storekeeper Theodore Nunes Robeiro . 80 0 0 1st Oct., 72 Schoolmaster E. T. Thompsont 75 00 21st Mar., '91 Assistant Schoolmaster E. Patricksont 50 0 0 13th Sept., '90 Surgeon York T. G. Moore, M.R.C.S., 19th Nov., '83 Girls' Reformatory. Eng. I Superintendent Sarah J. Clarke* 150 0 0 31st Dec., '77 Schoolmistress Mary McDougall* 50 0 0 15th June, '82 Surgeon J. Cargill, M.D.S | 15th June, '82 ELEMENTARY EDUCATION. The subject of Education generally, and of Elementary Education in particular, has recently occupied so large a share of the attention of the public, that a section of the Handbook has been specially assigned to it, and readers are referred to Part VIII. The following is the establishment of the Education Department :- ESTABLISHMENT OF THE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT. | Salary and Date of First Office. Name of Holder. other Appointment to |Emolument. Public Service. £ 8. d. Suptg. Inspector of Schools . Hon. Thomas Capper, B.A. || 850 0 0 | 1st Oct., '80 Assistant Inspector of Schools G, Hicks | || 400 0 0 Ist Mar., 76 Ditto J. R. Williams, M.A. 1 1 350 0 0 1st April, '84 Ditto J. D. Kerrich, B.A. ii 300 0 0 1st Jan., '89 Ditto A. E. Lockyer, B.A. || 300 00 24th Feb. '91 Ditto A. Young, B.A. 300 0 0 Ist Aug., '91 Ditto F. E. Reed 300 00 22nd June, '92 Principal Clerk E. A. Andrews 190 0 0 15th Jan., '76 Ditto E. O. Romney 190 00 Assistant Clerk W. E. B. Sinclair 95 0 0 1st Jan., '89 Ditto A. E. Shirley 85 0 0 1st Feb., '90 SHORTWOOD TRAINING COL- LEGE FOR FEMALES, Lady Principal Miss A. C. Johnson . 250 0 0 July, '85 First Assistant Mistress Miss C. Thomson 1 65 00 | Aug., '90 Second do. do. Miss L. Randall 55 00 | Jan., '91 Third do. do. Miss M. Clinckett 40 0 0 1 Oct., '90 Third do. do. and Mistress .. Miss L. A, Phillips 40 00 Aug., '91 Practising School Medical Officer J. Cargill, M.D. Secretary Board of Visitors . E. A. Andrews | 25 0 0 SHORTWOOD INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL. Superintendent Miss A. C. Johnson Matron Miss A. Gifford 100 0 0 Feb. '92 Medical Officer Dr. J. Cargill 25 0 0 1st April, '92 HOPE INDUSTRIAL BCHOOL. Master Mr. R. M. Wilson 95 0 0 Assistant do. Mr. J. Hawkins .] 30 0 0 48 0 0 91 Carpenter | Mr. R. &. Dearing 65 0 0 * Wood, water, residence and medical attendance. Wood, water and residence in addition, t Receives pay as District Medical Officer of Western District of St. Andrew. Beceives pay as District Medical Officer of Halfway-Tree District of St. Andrew. Including travelling allowance. 1 Besides board, lodging and medical attendanco. '92 REGISTRATION. 207 REGISTRATION DEPARTMENT. BEFORE the 1st April, 1878, no public provision had been made in Jamaica for the registration of births and deaths. “Baptisms” and “burials” administered and solemnized by Ministers of the Church of England had for many years been recorded at the Island Secretary's Office, Spanish Town (now the Public Record Office). These registers have now been transferred to the custody of the Registrar General and deposited in the General Register Office, where they can be referred to for baptism or burial certificates in cases that occurred before the institution of the new system. From the 1st April, 1878, births and deaths have been recorded throughout the island, each parish being divided into registration districts with a Registrar for each district, the central recording office being at Spanish Town. BIRTHS. When a birth takes place personal information of it must be given within 42 days to the Registrar of the district in which it took place, and the register be signed in his presence by one of the following persons :- 1. The father or mother of the child ; if they fail 2. The occupier of the house in which the birth took place ; 3. A person present at the birth; or 4. The person having charge of the child. The duty of attending to the registration thus rests firstly on the parents. One of them must within 42 days of the birth give to the Registrar by word of mouth the information needed and must sign the register in his presence. If they fail, without reasonable cause, they become liable to a penalty of forty shillings. In case of their failure one of the other classes of informants above named must give personal infor- mation and sign the register within the same period. lf at the end of 42 days registration has not been effected the Registrar may send a requisition to any qualified informant requiring him or her to attend for the purpose and any person who fails to comply with such requisition is liable to a penalty of forty shillings. After three months a birth can only be registered on the informant's making, before the Registrar and some Justice of the Peace, or in place of such Justice some other respectable witness, a solemn declaration as to the correctness of the particulars re- quired to be registered and on payment of a fee of one shilling to the Registrar. After twelve months a birth can be registered only on the express authority of tho Registrar General and on payment of further fees. It is often of great importance to persons of all classes to be able to prove their age and the place of their birth. The only legal proof of these is to be obtained from tho civil registers as kept by law. Parents owe to their children, therefore, a careful attention to registration. DEATHS. When a death takes place personal information of it must be given within five days afterwards to the Registrar of the district in which it occurred, and the register be signed in his presence by one of the following persons :-- 1. The nearest relative of the deceased present at the death, or in atten- dance during the last illness ; if they fail 2. Some other relative of the deceased in the same Registrar's district. In default of any relatives 3. (a) A person present at the death ; (b) the occupier of the house in which the death happened. If all the above named fail 4. (a) An inmate of the house; or (b) the person causing the body to bu buried. Relatives present or in attendance are, therefore, firstly required to attend to tho registration. One of them must give to the Registrar of the district by word of mouth the information needed and sign the register. In case of the failure one of the other persons above named must give personal information and sign the register in their stead. When a Registered Medical Practitioner has attended the deceased during the last illness the Practitioner must sign and give to some person qualified as an informant REGISTRATION. 209 01. For certificate of registry of birth given on prescribed form at the time of registration, to Registrar £0 0 3 For every search, to the Registrar General, if it is a general search, i.e., during any number of successive hours not exceeding six, without stating object of search 050 for every search, to the Registrar General, if it is a particular search, i, e., over any period not exceeding five years for any given entry For every certified copy of any entry, to the Registrar General MARRIAGES. To a Marriage Officer. For receiving a notice for banns, payable by each party giving notice O For receiving an objection, payable by the party making the objection For witnessing or solemnising a marriage, payable by one of the parties to the marriage . For every search of the marriage register book in his keeping, payable by the person making the search 0 5 0 For a certified copy of an entry in the marriage register book in his keeping, payable by the person requiring the copy 050 *To a Superintendent Registrar. For receiving a notice of marriage, payable by each party giving notice For receiving an objection, payable by the party making the objection For witnessing a marriage solemnised in his office under section 11 of Law 11 of 1880, pay. able by one of the parties to the marriage 0 26 For every search of any marriage register books in his office, per hour and each part of an hour, payable by the person making the search 0 1 0 For every certified copy of any entry in any marriage register book in his office, payable by the person requiring the copy 050 To the Registrar-General. For every search in the general register office, per hour and each part of an hour, payable by the person making the search 050 For every certified copy of an entry of a register of marriage, payable by the person requir- ing the copy 050 To the Colonial Secretary. Stamp duty on Governor's license 500 MEDICAL AND SURGICAL PRACTITIONERS. The office of enrolment of qualified Medical and Surgical Practitioners is the General Register Office. A copy of the register corrected to date is published in the Jamaica Gazette in May and November in each year. No person not registered can hold any office or appointment in Jamaica as a Phy- sician, Surgeon, Apothecary or other Medical or Surgical Practitioner in the Govern- ment Service, or of any Public or Parochial Board or Friendly Society; and unless duly registered he cannot recover in a Court of Law any charge for medical or sur- gical aid, advice, performance of operation, medicine supplied, &c. The procedure necessary for obtaining registration depends upon the nature of the qualification possessed. Any person already registered in the United Kingdom can be registered in Jamaica upon producing to the Registrar General the diploma, license or certificate held by him, together with a declaration (B shewn below) nade by him before a Justice of the Peace, and impressed with a twenty shilling stamp, setting forth that he is the per- son referred to in such diploma, license, &c. Provided that the name of such person appears in the British Medical Register most recently published, or that he produces to the Registrar a certified copy of the entry of his name in the British Register. Any person not registered in the United Kingdom but holding a diploma, license or certificate evidencing the possession by him of such qualification as would entitle him to registration therein, can be registered on producing to the Registrar such diploma, &c., together with a declaration according to Form B. as in the other case above provided. Any person not qualified as above but holding a diploma, license or certificate granted to him by any University, College or Faculty of Physicians or Surgeons, may become qualified and be registered on obtaining and producing to the Registrar a certificate in form of schedule to Law 28 of 1885, setting forth that he has been exa- mined and passed by the Government Board of Examiners. The certificate, when granted, must be impressed with a duty stamp of eleven guineas. FORM B. residing at in the parish of do hereby declare that I am a member (or as the case may be) of (here state the College, Faculty or Society) and was authorised by such (here state the College, Faculty or Society which gave the authority) on the day of 18 to practise medicine 210 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA, this 18 . and surgery (or to practise medicine, or to practise surgery, as the case may be) as appears by my (here specify the diploma, certificate or other document evidencing such authority) now produced and shown to the undersigned Justice of the Peace. (Signed) Declared before me day of Justice of the Peace. TRADE MARKS. By Laws 17 of 1888 and 6 of 1889 provision has been made for the registration of trade marks and the Registrar-General has been constituted the Registrar. Application for such registration made by or on behalf of any person carrying on any trade or manufacture within Jamaica and claiming to be the proprietor of a trade mark must be made in the prescribed form, copies of which can be obtained on application at the General Register Office. For the purposes of the law, a trade mark must consist of, or contain at least, one of the following essential particulars :- A name of an individual or firm printed, impressed or woven, in some particular and distinctive manner, or A written signature, or copy of a written signature, of the individual or firm applying for registration thereof as a trade mark, or A distinctive devise, mark, brand, heading, label or ticket, or An invented word or invented words or A word or words having no reference to the character or quality of the goods, and not being a geographical name. There may be added to any one or more of the essential particulars here men- tioned any letters, words or figures, or combination of letters, words or figures, or of any of them ; but the applicant for registration of any such additional matter must state in his application the essential particulars of the trade mark, and must dis- claim in his application any right to the exclusive use of the added matter, and a copy of the statement and disclaimer shall be entered on the register. Provided as follows: A person need not disclaim his own name or the foreign equivalent thereof, or his place of business; but no entry of any such name shall affect the right of any owner of the same name to use that name or the foreign equivalent thereof. Any special and distinctive word or words, letter, figure, or combination of letters or figures, or of letters and figures, used as a trade mark before the commence- ment and taking effect of Law 17 of 1888, may be registered as a trade mark, The Registrar may, if he thinks fit, refuse to register a trade mark; but any such refusal shall be subject to appeal to the Supreme Court. Every application for registration is required to be advertised four times in some island newspaper, and any person may within one month or such further time, not exceeding three months, as the Registrar may allow, of such advertisement, give notice at the Register Office of opposition to registration of the trade mark, provision being made for the submission of a counter statement by the applicant and the sub- gequent reference of the case for the determination of the Supreme Court. The proprietor of any trade mark registered in England under the “Patents. Designs, and Trade Marks Act, 1883,” (46 and 47 Victoria, c. 57) is entitled to have such trade mark registered forthwith in Jamaica on lodging with the Regis- trar a copy of the entry in the English Register, purporting to be certified by the Comptroller General of Patents, Designs and Trade Marks, and on payment of the prescribed fee. The prescribed fees payable in respect of applications and registration, &c., are as follows: FEES. On application to register a Trade Mark for one or more articles included in one class £10 On appeal to Supreme Court on refusal of Registrar to register For registration of a Trade Mark for one or more articles included in one class For registration of a Trade Mark registered in England For registering a series of Trade Marks, for every additional representation after the first in each class For entering notice of opposition, for each Trade Mark, whether in one or more classes For altering address on the Register, for every mark For every entry in the Register of a rectification thereof, not otherwise charged For inspecting Register, for every hour or part of an hour For office copy of documents for every hundred words (but never less than one shilling) For certifying office copies MS. or printed For certified copy of any entry in any Register of Trade Mark under Section 25 Caen COUSS REGISTRATION. 211 REGISTRARS OF BIRTHS AND DEATHS. District. Post Office. District. Post Office. KINGSTON. Kingston Port Royal Spanish Town Linstead Linstead Linstead Linstead Linstead Old Harbour ST. ANDREW. Halfway-Tree Gordon Town Content Gap Mount Charles Temple Hall Cold Spring Constitution Hill Bull Bay Stony Hill Lawrence Tavern Woodford Cross Roads St. James Brandon Hill Galloway Cavaliers Salisbury Plain Red Hills Annotto Bay Port Maria Richmond Retreat Annotto Bay Gayle Annotto Bay Richmond Pear Tree Grove Gayle Oracabessa Golden Spring Richmond Golden Spring Port Maria ST. THOMAS. Morant Bay Bath Golden Grove Easington Woburn Lawn Trinity Ville The Abbey ST. CATHERINE, contd. Kingston Port Royal Caymanas Jericho Bermaddy Halfway-Tree Redwood Gordon Town Mount Hermon Gordon Town Buxton Town McCook Hagley Gap Stony Hill Cold Spring ST. MARY. Gordon Town Annotto Bay Bull Bay Port Maria Stony Hill Richmond Stony Hill Retreat Gordon Town Chesterfield Up-Park Camp Gayle Stony Hill Enfield Stony Hill Mount Regale Bull Bay Carron Hall Halfway-Tree Mount Angus Stony Hill Oracabessa Kingston Lenna Clonmel Tom's River Morant Bay Islington Bath Plan. Gar River ST. ANN. Yallahs Hagley Gap St. Ann's Bay Trinity Ville Brown's Town Bull Bay Ocho Rios Moneague Dry Harbour Port Antonio Alexandria Manchioneal Pedro Priestman River Guy's Hill Buff Bay Little Kent Hope Bay Gibraltar Port Antonio Claremont Buff Bay Cave Valley Yankee Buff Bay Antrim Buff Bay CLARENDON. May Pen Spanish Town Four Paths Old Harbour Chapelton Linstead Milk River Everton The Alley Glengoffe Rock River Lluidas Vale Grantham Pear Tree Grovell St. Jago Old Harbour Hayes Spanish Town Bull's Head Lluidas Vale Rosewell Old Harbour Portland Old Harbour Alston Linstead Crofts Spanish Town Thompson Town Glengoffe Mears Old Harbour Ænon Town Glengoffe Ballard's River PORTLAND. Port Antonio Manchioneal Priestman's River Buff Bay Hope Bay Moore Town Claverty Cottage Silver Hill and Birnam Wood Fairfield St. Ann's Bay Brown's Town Ocho Rios Moneague Dry Harbour Alexandria Pedro Guy's Hill St. Ann's Bay Stewart Town Claremont Cave Valley Christiana Laughlands ST. CATHERINE. Spanish Town old Harbour Linstead Ewarton St. Faith's Worthy Park Pear Tree Grove The Rectory Guanaboa Vale Point Hill Barton's Marley Hill Harewood Highgate Allman Hill Bellas Gate Rentcome May Pen Four Paths Chapelton Milk River The Alley Chapelton Frankfield Four Paths Hayes Crofts Hill Old Harbour The Alley Christiana Crofts Hill Porus Chapelton Cave Valley Chapelton 212 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. REGISTRARS OF BIRTHS AND DEATHS, continued. District. Post Office. District. Post Office. MANCHESTER, WESTMORELAND, contd. Mandeville Mandeville St. Peter's Savanna-la-Mar Porus Porus Bethel Town Bethel Town May Hill Spur Tree Sheffield Little London Mile Gully Mile Gully Bigwoods New Market Newport Newport Darliston Darliston Asia | Pratville Porter's Mountain Ramble Shooter's Hill Shooter's Hill HANOVER, Christiana Devon Lucea Lucea Alligator Pond Alligator Pond Sandy River Flint River Watson's Hill Watson's Hill Green Island Green Island New Broughton Cross Keys Riverside Lucea Maidstone Maidstone Ramble Ramble Victoria Town Milk River Chester Castle Chester Castle Keynsham Balaclava Mount Hannah Lucea Moravia Christiana Brownsville Lucea Viewfield Christiana Church Hill Green Island Davyton Shooter's Hill Hopewell Flint River ST. ELIZABETH, ST. JAMES. Black River Black River Montego Bay Montego Bay Cambridge Black River Adelphi Adelphi Cheltenham Black River Little River Little River Shaws Middle Quarters Montpelier Anchovy Lacovia Lacovia Springfield Montego Bay Siloah Siloah Salter's Hill Montego Bay Balaclava Balaclava TRELAWNY. Santa Cruz Santa Cruz Falmouth Falmouth Southfield Southfield Stewart Town . Stewart Town Pedro Plains Southfield Rio Bueno Rio Bueno Newell Black River Ulster Spring Ulster Spring Williamsfield Black River Clarke's Town Clarke's Town Malvern Malvern Bunker's Hill Falmouth Mountainside Black River Deeside Falmouth Lititz Watson's Hill Duncans Duncans Mulgrave Black River Bellevue Clarke's Town Newmarket Newmarket Salt Marsh Falmouth Springfield New Market Hampden Hampden Retirement Siloah Waldensia Falmouth Parottee Black River Low River Christiana WESTMORELAND. CAYMAN ISLANDS. Savanna-la-Mar Savanna-la-Mar| George Town & West Bay Grand Cayman Grange Hill Grange Hill Prospect & South West Grand Cayman Bluefields Bluefields Sound King's White House Bodden Town Grand Cayman St. Paul's Little London East End and North Side Grand Cayman Petersfield Petersfield Cayman Brac and Little Montego Bay Seaford Town | Bethel Town | Cayman SUPERINTENDENT REGISTRARS OF MARRIAGES. Parish, Superintendent Registrars. Post Office. Kingston St. Andrew St. Thomas Portland St. Catherine St. Mary St. Ann Clarendon Manchester St. Elizabeth Westmoreland Hanover St. James Trelawny Cayman Islands J. M. Nethersole C. A. Jackson James F. H. Hawkins T. E. Escoffery E. N. McLaughlin R. M. Cocking W.G. Nunes J. W. Welsh F. H. Bonitto F. Braganza Bowen E. G. Johnstone John Allwood R. P. Collymore C. A. Passmore Joseph G. Connolly Kingston Halfway-Tree Morant Bay Port Antonio Spanish Town Port Maria St. Ann's Bay May Pen Mandeville Black River Savanna-la-Mar Lucea Montego Bay Falmouth Grand Cayman RECORD OFFICE. 213 ESTABLISHMENT OF THE REGISTRAR GENERAL'S DEPARTMENT. Salary and Date of First Name. other Appointment to Emolument. Public Service. Office. eeton Registrar General of Births, ) Deaths, Marriages, and Me dical Practitioners First Class Clerk Second Class Clerk Third Class Clerk Ditto . C. Colquhoun Aitken A. E. Langley A. R. Suares Vacant $ $. d. | 500 0 0 250 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 80 0 0 June, '70 8th Feb., '78 16th May, '76 1st Feb., '91 ISLAND RECORD OFFICE. This office was established under Law 6 of 1879 in place of what had been the ancient office of “Island Secretary," which had existed for a period of 220 years, and been held under letters patent until the year 1853, after which the Governor exercised the power of appointment, subject to Her Majesty's approval. The Chief Justice for the time being is ex officio Keoper of the Records and has an official title as such. All public records and all registered deeds and writings formerly in the office of the Island Secretary are under his charge and superinten- dence, and every office or place in which public records under his charge are de- posited is a branch of the Record Office. The Deputy Keeper of the Records is appointed by the Governor: his functions are precisely those which belonged to the Island Secretary. All laws wherein re- ference is made to the Island Secretary or to the Island Secretary's Office take effect as if such reference were made to the Record Office and the Deputy Keeper of the Records. His duties comprehend the enrolling in proper registers of all deeds and conveyances, patents, wills which have been admitted to probate, annual produce ac- counts of estates and accounts-current of executors, administrators, trustees, attor- neys, agents and persons acting in a fiduciary character, as well as the custody and preservation of the authenticated impression of the laws of the island. Law 23 of 1886 (the Incorporated Companies and Societies Law) requires a register of all Companies incorporated under the provisions of the 27 Vic., sess. 2, chap. 4, of all Friendly Societies established under the provisions of the 6 Vic., chap. 27, and of all Benefit Building Societies established under the provisions of the 28 Vic., chap. 17, to be kept in the Registry Office. Transcripts of the Rules and Regula- tions of these Societies and Companies (when certified by the Attorney General) are to be filed in the office; and the annual general statements of the funds and effects of the Societies and Companies are to be sent to the Deputy Keeper of the Records and by him published in the Jamaica Gazette. It is necessary to the validity of a deed affecting land that it should be recorded. An unrecorded lease is not good for more than three years. The priority and privileges of mortgages are regulated by the time of their execu- tion and of their being recorded. As between the vendor and vendee or mortgagor and mortgagee the deed may be recorded at any time, and when recorded will have relation back to its date ; but as between vendee and mortgagee and subsequent pur- chasers or incumbrancers it must be recorded within three months, otherwise the first vendee or mortgagee will lose his priority if subsequent purchasers or incum- brancers have recorded their deeds within the proper time. The principle that prio- rity of registration carries with it priority of right is better secured by a provision which now requires the hour of presentation to be endorsed on every document en- tered for registration. Abstracts or notes from the registers may be taken by persons interested in search- ing the records, but copies of all public records must be made and certified by the Deputy Keeper, and sealed with the official seal of the office at the cost of the per- son desiring the same. Office copies so made and certified are evidence in all Courts of Justice, without further proof, in every case in which the original record would have been received as evidence. Deeds or writings recorded for Registration shall if required be returned at any 214 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. time after registration but 90 days is fixed as the maximum delay within which such Deeds must be recorded. One of the rules of the office requires “searchers to replace the indices which they have been using, and to return the records, documents and books they have received to an officer of the Record Office." No public record may be taken out of the Record Office unless under an order of some competent Court. The expenses of the office, including salaries, are limited to the sum of £1,200 per annum. All revenue is paid over to the Treasury for the use of the public. SOHEDULE OF FEES IN THE RECORD OFFICE. For recording deeds and other writing per legal sheet (of 160 words) - £0 1 6 plat or diagram at the rate of 1/3 for each quarter of an hour or per hour - 0 5 0 crop accounts 0 6 3 memorandum of mortgage under Benefit Building Society's Act, 1866 For copying office copies of deeds or other writings recorded in the Record Office, per legal sheet (of 160 words) For each docket of land for Collector-General receipt for any deed or writing received to be recorded search not exceeding three hours, per diem " additional hour or fractional part thereof during the same day For entering satisfaction on mortgage, including the search For taking each receipt for any deed or other writing delivered out of office, the receipt bei For the production of any record into Court, not including travelling expenses es - For preparing and recording a docket of any deed per sheet of such deed For recording "with expedition" any deed or instrument (in addition to the ordinary fees for recording) · 0 10 0 For each inspection of the Register of Companies Incorporated and Societies established by law 0 1 0 " certificate of registration of a Friendly or Building or Benefit Building Society - 0 5 0 All fees are payable before doing any act in respect of which they are payable. 01-Novo med hand we slo - ESTABLISHMENT OF THE ISLAND RECORD OFFICE. Salary and Date of First Office. Name of Holder. other Appointment to Emolument. Public Service. tice. £ 6. d. Keeper of the Records Sir Adam Gib Ellis, Chief Draws salary Justice (ex-officio). as Chief Jus- Deputy Keeper of the Records Edward Bancroft Lynch . 500 0 0 17th Oct., 55 Chief and Examining Clerk . | E. Noel McLaughlin 1 190 0 0 1st July, 79 Search Clerk Vacant 80 0 0 Leslie Alexander Copyists Edw. Noseworthy Paid by re- Il Not in Civil Ella Fraser sults | Service. PUBLIC GARDENS AND PLANTATIONS. This Department has charge of the public gardens and plantations at Castleton, Cinchona, Hope, Kingston Parade, King's House Gardens and Grounds, and the old Garden at Bath, Full details of these establishments will be found in Part XI- Agricultural and Pastoral. DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC GARDENS AND PLANTATIONS. * Salary and | Date of First Office. Name of Holder. other Appointment to Emolument. Public Service. Director Wm. Fawcett, B.Sc., F.L.S. £600 0 0 30th Dec., '86 Superintendent Hill Garden. W. Harris 200 0 0f 3rd Oct., '81 Do. Hope Gardens Wm. Cradwick 190 0 of 23rd Aug., '88 Do. Castleton Gardens E. Campbell 88 0 of 22nd Feb., 'S6 Do. King's House Gardens .. W. J. Thompson 180 0 0f 8th Aug., '89 Do. Palisadoes Plantation . (Leased) Do. Parade Garden J. Harris 100 0 0f 1st April, '92 Clerk at Head Office F. N. Isaacs 110 0 0 10th June, '90 * For further particulars see part XI. With residence and travelling expenses. t With furnished quartery. IMMIGRATION. 215 IMMIGRATION. DURING the period that intervened between the 1st October, 1873, and the 31st March, 1888, the number of immigrants who returned to India was 5,068. On the latter date- Nil. The number serving under indenture in the colony was The number who had served five years under indenture but had not com- pleted ten years' residence was 2,860 The number who had completed ten years' residence and voluntarily become colonists was 10,206 The total number of East Indian immigrants in the colony on the 31st December, 1887, was therefore 13,066 Under the amended immigration system the immigrants who arrived after 1878 are not entitled to bounty in lieu of return passages; consequently no money will be paid to those who are completing their industrial residence in the colony. Of the coolies who were in Jamaica on the 30th September, 1881, 456 were de- positors in the Government Savings Bank to the extent of £11,491 Os. 4d. On the 31st March, 1891, the number of depositors were 745 and the amount of deposits £16,758 38. 6d. The total amount of money taken in Government bills to India by the coolies who returned between the years 1871 and the sailing of the “ Foyle" in May, 1890, inclusive, was £70,603 78. 10d. No record was kept for the previous years. The Governor had under Law 18 of 1886 issued a Proclamation suspending the provisions of the Immigration Laws bearing on applications for immigrants, but under the same Act the Executive retained the power of revoking by Proclamation any such suspension. The Legislative Council in the autumn session of 1888 passed a resolution to the effect that immigrants should be introduced only on the condition that the whole cost should be borne by the importers. A notice was issued at the end of 1888 inviting applications for labourers from Barbados but no applications were made. The question of the renewal of East Indian Immigration was again brought before the Legislative Council in the session of 1891 and two Laws were passed, namely “ The Immigration Finance Law, 1879" and the “Immigration Protection and Regulation Law, 1879, Amendment Law, 1891." Under these laws the Im- migration Department has been made available for the protection of native labourers who enter into contracts for work on plantations, and extends to them the same rights and privileges as are enjoyed by indentured immigrants. Employers of in- dentured immigrants are required to pay in respect of each immigrant, in his option, either (a) £15 10/ in cash on allotment, or £3 10) at the end of four years (6) £2 in cash on allotment £3 10/ " five years £1 10/ at the end of one year £3 10/ " two years £17 10/ £3 101 three years As the sum at credit of the Immigration Fund is, however, only sufficient to intro- duce a limited number of immigrants, estimated at 1,000, on these terms each year, any applications for a larger number can only be met if the applicants undertake to pay a higher rate, to be fixed by the Governor, for any number in excess. A law has also been passed abolishing the export duties on sugar and rum which formerly were credited to the Immigration Fund. In the meantime the Pro. clamation had been revoked and 1,000 Coolies ordered from India. The East Indian population now in the island is estimated at 13,966 including the coolies who recently arrived in the S. S.“ Belgravia." 216 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. No. of Coolies who arrived in the Colony dur ing the year. IMMIGRATION STATISTICS. Percentage) No. of Coolies Value of Govern. of Births who received the No. of Coolies | Percentage of ment Bills of during the Colonization who returned to Mortality in the Exchange taken year. Bounty. India. Colony. to India. Year. No record No record No record No record 919 559 2,400 Coolies 472 Chinese 592 Coolies 1,521 1,982 No record 1,167 380 126 " 274 540 U . 906 23 1847* 1853 1854 1858 1860 1861 1862 18637 1867 1868 1869 1870 1871 1872 1873 1874 1875 1876 1877 1878 1879 1880 1881 1882 1883 1884 1885 1886 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 1892 747 1.34 1,625 6.22 12.11 1,393 8.54 2.78 340 7.14 1,354 0.85 1,215 3.43 1 £7,229 20 1,188 1.78 1,179 2.45 3,855 00 1,518 2.27 402 3.60 1,356 1.55 2.86 1,250 1.85 20 356 3.55 2,027 40 748 1.97 251 2.34 1,376 16 0 2.23 1,033 316 2.79 4,689 12 0 895 0.93 15 237 2.89 2,136 99 167 1.10 560 416 3.10 3.898 3 43 493 376 2.34 4,970 16 0 504 2.15 717 403 3.78 7,348 11 4 2.23 698 448 4.56 4,049 50 396 1.82 602 415 2.25 5,540 12 01 680 Chinese 2.13 1,000 1.85 1,189 14 0 601 Coolies 1.91 931 2,74 7,300 9 114 2.62 418 3.33 2,875 6 8 1.11 2.66 1.10 366 2.28 7,818 14 0 2.66 567 4,797 go 375 1.50 2,682 6 0 ESTABLISHMENT OF THE IMMIGRATION DEPARTMENT. Salary and I Date of First Office. Name of Holder. other Appointment to Emolument. Public Service, 78 167 13 573 Protector of Immigrants P. C. Cork Inspector of Immigrants | E. W. Pigou Clerk in Immigration Office . C. W. Doorly £ 8. d. 600 0 0 / May, '75 360 0 0 Oct., 73 80 0 0 Feb., 92 REGISTRATION OF TITLES. THE Registration of Titles Law, 21 of 1888, came into operation on the 1st Octo- ber, 1889. The law is similar to that in force for over 25 years in the Australian Colonies, “ The transfer of land by Registration Law," and where it has been a decided success. The manner of bringing lands under the law is as follows:- An application describing the lands, stating the value and giving the names of the persons in possession, and of the owners and occupiers of the adjoining lands is made (on the printed form to be obtained from the Registrar) to bring the lands under the law and to have the certificate of title issued either in the name of the applicant or in that of some other person. The deeds or other documents in sup- port of the title to the lands, with a certificate from the Collector of Taxes for the * Cessation of immigration until 1860. + Cessation of immigration until 1867. I Previous to 1871 there was no system of Government bills for the remittance to India of money belonging to returning immigrants, and the amounts carried away in specie and colonial bank bills of exchange are unknown. A large amount of silver and gold jewelry and gold coins is still carried away in each ship, gold being at a large premium in India. Only 40 females to each 100 males are introduced. NOTE-For the entire History of Immigration see previous editions of Handbook. & Protector receives travelling allowance on the same scale as other Heads of Department, and each Ln. spector receives 1) a mile travelling allowance. PRINTING OFFICE. 217 parish in which the land is situate, that the taxes on such land have been paid at the date of the application, must accompany the application. Upon their receipt by the Registrar he enters the application in a book kept for that purpose and then submits the application and papers to one of the Referees. After the Referee has given his approval in writing of the applicant's title, notices of such application (describing the lands as fully as possible) are published in the Jamaica Gazette or other local newspaper and served by registered letter through the Post Office upon such persons as the Referee may indicate as likely to be interested in such land ; and also upon the occupiers and owners of adjoining lands. These notices set forth the purport of the application and intimate that unless objection be made, by lodging a caveat in the Registrar's Office within the time prescribed by the notice, the land will be brought under the provision of the law and an indefeasible title will be granted to the applicant, or to the person in whose name the certificate of title was directed to be issued. If a caveat be lodged within the appointed time the Registrar will suspend pro. ceedings until 1st, it is withdrawn ; 2nd, by the lapse of the caveat not being followed up by other proceedings; 3rd, by the receipt of the final judgment of the Supreme Court upon the question raised. If no caveat be lodged the land is brought under the law by the issue of a cer- tificate of title in duplicate. The certificate of title defines the land and the nature of the estate taken thereunder. Space is left in these certificates for the endorsement of subsequent dealings with such land. One of the certificates of title is bound up in the register book and the other is given to the owner of the land. Under the law an assurance fund is created of d. in the pound upon the value of land when first brought under the system, and upon land transmitted by will, or upon the intestacy of a registered proprietor. This fund is for the purpose of com. pensating any rightful owner by a money payment instead of allowing him to recover the land. On the issue of a certificate of title, at the request of the applicant in the name of a purchaser of land, there is no formal deed of conveyance necessary, neither is there any stamp duty payable. The fees payable are stated in the schedule to Law 20 of 1889. Since the law came into operation lands to the value of £58,814 have been re- gistered up to the 31st December, 1891. And since the 1st January to 1st Sep- tember, 1892, lands to the value of £36,951 more have been registered. There can be no doubt that when the law becomes better known it will be more appreciated and will be extensively used the forms of proceedings for transferring and other- wise dealing with lands registered being of the simplest nature. There are several properties in the island for which no marketable titles can be given, but in the majority of cases these lands, with a little trouble could be brought under the Registration of Titles Law and defects in such titles cured. ESTABLISHMENT OF THE REGISTRATION OF TITLES OFFICE. Office. Name of Holder. Salary and Date of First other Appointment to Emolument. Public Service. 8. d. 1st Feb., '70 Registrar Referees Henry F. Pouyat J. Thomson Palache A. W. Farquharson 350 0 0 | Fees. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. The Government Printing Office was established in October, 1879, previous to which date the parliamentary, departmental and parochial printing had been dono under contract with private firms and by the convict labour at the General Peni. tentiary. The Goverpment Printing Office is situated in Duke Street, Kingston, and con- 218 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. veniently adjoins the Colonial Secretarial Department and the Legislative Council Chamber and Office. The buildings are divided into the Superintendent's Office, the Bindery, the Machine and Press Room and the Composing Room, with a Warehouse or Store un- der a separate roof. The present plant consists of two large Cylinder Presses, one small “ Fleet" Cylin- der Press, and three Platen Presses, with two Otto Gas Engines, as motors, of 11 and 34 horse-power. There are also efficient Standing Presses. Guillotines, Ruling, Paging, Wire Stitching, Perforating and Sawing Machines, Arming Presses, Gas Stoves, &c. A Stereotype Foundry was added in the latter part of 1891. The Compositors' Department is well equipped with standard and job types. The following statement shows the Expenditure of this Establishment for the twelve months ending March 31st, 1892, and for the two preceding years :- 1888-89. 1890-91. 1891-92. 00-09 Printing, Bookbinding materials and Stationery £2,354 11 21 £2,495 12 7 £4,802 6 11 Salaries, Wages and Current Expenses. 4,548 19 8 4,691 4 11 4,856 11 04 6,903 10 104 7,186 17 6 9,658 16 111 Less Re-imbursements and refunds 699 5 0 850 16 8 802 14 111 Total 6,204 5 10 1 6,336 0 10 1 8,856 2 0 The estimated value of the work done in the establishment and the cost of the stationery supplied to the various Departments is thus shown for the same periods. 1888-89. 1890-91. 1891-92. Printing and Book binding Stationery Total £ 7,812 1,359 8. 4 9 d. 1 3 0 1 £ 8. 8,364 10 1,364 3 d. 3 23 £ 8. 8,534 2 1,892 13 d. 6 3 9,171 13 3 9,728 13 5 10,426 15 9 ESTABLISHMENT OF THE GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. Office. Name of Holder. Salary and | Date of First other Appointment to Emolument. Public Service. £ 425 Superintendent Clerk J. C. Ford Moore s. d. 0 0 Feb. '91 001st Feb. '92 80 THE INSTITUTE OF JAMAICA, (FOR THE ENCOURAGEMENT OF LITERATURE, SCIENCE AND ART.) BOARD OF GOVERNORS. Rev. William Gillies, Co-Principal of the Mico Institution, Chairman, 1892-93. Hon. C. B. Mosse, C.B., M.L.C., Superin. | Colonel F. B. P. White, F.R.G.S., Com. tending Medical Officer. manding West India Depôt. Hon. J. Č. Phillippo, M.D., M.P.C. Rev. William Simms, M.A., Principal of Wm. Fawcett, Esq., B.Sc., F.L.s., Director University College. of Public Gardens and Plantations, H. Vendryes, Esq., Advocate. J. W. Plaxton, Esq., M.R.C.8., Medical Su. G. C. Henderson, Esq., M.D., Lond. perintendent Lunatic Asylum. W. H. Strachn, Esq., L.R.C.P., M.R.C.S. S. C. Burke, F.R.G.S. SECRETARY-Frank Cundall, Esq. HISTORY.-One of the earliest of the important scientific societies in the island was the Royal Agricultural Society of Jamaica, which was founded as the General 220 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. ver maces, formerly used on State occasions, one of which was erroneously supposed to be the “ Bauble removed from the House of Commons by order of Cromwell. In the South Room the fishes, reptiles, mammals and invertebrate animals are exhibited. The collection of fishes, in spirit, is correctly named and in good condi. tion, but does not include all of the species known to exist in Jamaica seas. Ma- rine invertebrata are represented by most of the leading types, and there is also a series of models of those which cannot be preserved in a life-like condition. There is a cabinet of shells, containing numerous species, as yet only partially arranged. The insects are contained in two cabinets, one of which is on the plan of those used at the Natural History Museum, South Kensington. The commoner and more conspicuous kinds have been identified and labelled with their names, but there is still a large residue of more rare or obscure forms which require working out, and will probably afford a considerable percentage of species new to science. During 1892 several species have been described as new from specimens out of the collections. On the top of one of the cabinets is a special collection showing types of the prin- cipal groups of insects, together with diagrams illustrating their structure. Reptiles and amphibians are represented by many specimens, but still the series is incomplete. There are synopses of the lizards and frogs of the island placed in the cases, to aid in identification. The mammals consist chiefly of a collection of bats. There are two alcoholic speci- mens of the Jamaica Coney, Capromys brachyurus of Hill. ; as well as one stuffed example and a skeleton. In the North Room is placed a duplicate collection of the economic products of the island intended for the Jamaica Court of the Imperial Institute. The Museum is open to the public on every week day from 11 o'clock a.m. to 9 p.m. LIBRARY.—The Library is on the upper floor. The centre room and the front piazza are used as public reading rooms, while the south room is reserved for mem- bers. In addition to the volumes of scientific, historic and general literature, there is a collection of popular works, whilst the quarterly and other leading reviews and periodicals of the day are regularly obtained from Europe and America. A special feature in the Library is a series of works on Jamaica and the West Indies generally. In the North Room are hung a collection of portraits of persons celebrated in Ja- maica History, and copies of paintings and other works of art. The Library is open every week-day from 11 o'clock a.m. to 9 p.m. MEMBERSHIP.-Members, the number being unlimited, are nominated and elected at the monthly meetings of the Board of Governors ; ordinary members paying an annual subscription of ten shillings and life members a single payment of five guineas. Members residing outside Jamaica pay half-fees. Honorary members, who are sub- ject to no charge, may be elected to the number of twenty, from men distinguished in literature, science or art, or for special services rendered to the Institute. Cor- responding members, who are exempt from payment of subscriptions, consist of persons residing outside Jamaica who can be helpful by correspondence or otherwise in promoting the objects of the Institute. Members have the right of borrowing books and periodicals, and the use of the special reading room referred to above ; and they receive free of charge the Journal and certain other publications issued by the Institute. LECTURES.- Various Lectures have been given from time to time at the Institute.* In order to offer to the public of Jamaica educational advantages similar to those supplied by the University Extension Teaching in England, a course of "Institute of Jamaica Lectures" was inaugurated in 1891 on the following lines :- Each course to consist of a certain number of lectures (delivered one a week) giving definite instruction on the subject with which they deal, the instruction to include the indication of text books, which should be studied by the class, consider- ing the needs both of those who only wish to gain a general acquaintance with the subject, and of those who desire to study it more deeply ; each lecture to take about * A full List of those given from the commencement to May 1891 will be found in the Handbook for 1801-92 (Pp. 169-160., INSTITUTE OF JAMAICA. 221 an hour, and after it a class to be held of about an hour for those members of the lecture class who care to stay to ask for the solution of difficulties or for help and guidance in their private reading. The first course on ELIZABETHAN LITERATURE, consisting of thirteen lectures, was given by the Rev. William Simms, M.A., Principal of University College, in the rooms of the Institute at 7 p.m. on Thursdays, commencing on the 16th of Septem- ber and ending on the 9th of December, 1891. The second course given in the Spring of 1892, by Mr. John Stuart, M.A., was on the PHYSIOGRAPHY OF JAMAICA. The third course given in the Autumn of 1892, by Surgeon-Major Barker, M.B., was on HYGIENE. JOURNAL.-In November, 1891, was published the first number of a quarterly jour- nal of the Institute, devoted to those objects which the Institute was founded to pro- mote, and containing notices of Transactions of the Institute dealing with Litera- ture, Science and Art, and miscellaneous subjects cognate thereto. The price is 6d. to the public; gratis to members of the Institute. MEMBERS' MEETINGS.-On the 4th of November, 1891, was held the first of a series of Members' Meetings, at which papers are read on matters connected with Litera- ture, Science and Art. BRANCHES.-- With a view to enabling those at a distance to participate in the use of the Library, various Branches of the Institute have been formed from time to time at Savanna-la-Mar, Falmouth, Black River, Lucea, May Pen (Clarendon), Port Antonio, Spanish Town and Montego Bay. But of these only that at Lucea is now in existence; and to it are sent such books as can be allowed to leave the Library. PREMIUMS.—The Institute has offered the following premiums for essays,* &c., on certain subjects in connection with the material interests of the island: -6.9., specimens of salted meats and preserved fishes, of fibres, of penguine, aloe, rhea &c, and of cacao; essays on the utilization of fibre plants; a portable machine for treating fibrest and a Bibliography of Jamaica. The Institute has also given donations at various times to the prize funds of the Horticultural Society, the St. Catherine Agricultural Show and the Cambridge Lo- cal Examinations. ARTICLED PUPILS IN FARMING AND PLANTING.–The Governors of the Institute, feeling that it was desirable to bring about a means of communication between those planters and pen-keepers in Jamaica who are willing to receive young men as articled pupils, and intending emigrants from Great Britain and elsewhere, have prepared a register of such planters and pen-keepers, copies of which can be obtained on appli- cation to the Secretary of the Institute. Jamaica offers numerous favourable openings for young men from Great Britain and other European countries with small capitals (say of from £2,000 to £3,000) and some experience in farming, who wish to adopt an agricultural career. But many are deterred by the knowledge that to start farming or planting without some preliminary experience of the country and of the conditions under which agricultural pursuits are carried on, is to court disaster. The Governors of the Institute therefore hope that the above-mentioned scheme may prove of service, but it must be understood that they can accept no responsibility in the matter. KINDRED SOCIETIES.-The holding of the Cambridge Local Examinationst in Jamaica was instituted by the Governors of the Institute, and during the years 1882- 1887, the examinations were held under their auspices. The rooms of the In- stitute are also placed at the disposal of various scientific societies. The examina- tions of the Medical Council, the quarterly meetings of the Jamaica Branch of the Medical Association, and the meetings of the St. Catherine Agricultural Show So- ciety and the Jamaica Horticultural Society are held therein. INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITIONS. §--In 1855 the Royal Society of Arts and Agricul. ture sent a selection of the products of Jamaica to the Paris Exhibition, and in # Fuller particulars will be found in the Handbook for 1891-92 (p. 160.) + A prize of £26 5s. for a similar machine had been offered in 1884, in 1886 and in 1888, but was not awarded. * See article on Cambridge Local Examination in present Handbook, A fuller ascouat under this held will be fuun l in the Handbook for 1891-92 (p. 161). 222 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. 1862 a similar collection was sent to the Universal Exhibition in London. Sam- ples of the staple products of the island were contributed to the Amsterdam Exhi- bition of 1883, and were, at the request of the authorities, handed over to the Colonial Museum at Amsterdam. Specimens of fishes, boats, fish pots, nets and other apparatus used by Jamaica fishermen were sent to the International Fisheries Exhibition held in London dur- ing the year 1883. Mr. D. Morris, the then Chairman of tbe Institute, was appointed Commissioner for Jamaica at the World's Exposition held at New Orleans in 1884-85, and there gave lectures and addresses on the products of the island. He was also instru- mental in obtaining the removal of quarantine restrictions against Jamaica at New Orleans, which restrictions had been in existence for nearly thirty years. The exhibits from Jamaica to the Colonial and Indian Exhibition in London in 1866, consisted of 969 samples of the products and manufactures of the colony, and included 89 samples of rum, 20 of sugar, and 71 of coffee. For the purposes of the Jamaica International Exhibition, a sum of £600 which was voted to the Institute, was expended in the formation of collections illustra- tive of the resources of Jamaica, which, together with selections from the Museum and Library of the Institute, were exhibited in a special court, in the gallery of the Exhibition, a brief guide to which was issued by the Governors. IMPERIAL INSTITUTE.—The Institute undertook in 1890, at the request of the Government, the preparation of a collection of samples of the products of the island to be lodged in the Jamaica Court of the Imperial Institute of the United Kingdom, the Colonies and India; and in April, 1891, a vote of £500 was passed for this pur- pose, supplemented in 1892 by a further vote of £250. This collection is being formed in duplicate, in order that one set may be retained for future guidance in the Museum of the Institute, so that as the industries of the island are developed, examples of such development may be forwarded to London as occasion requires. In this work, the Board have the benefit of the co-operation in London of Mr. C. Washington Eves, C.M.G., who represents Jamaica on the Govering Body of the Imperial Institute. ESTABLISHMENT OF THE INSTITUTE OF JAMAICA. | Salary and | Date of First Office. Name of Holder. other Appointment to Emolument. | Public Service. Secretary and Librarian . Frank Cundall Curator of Museum Theo. D. A. Cockerell, F.z.s. £ 8. d. 500 0 0 400 0 0 2nd Dec., '90 25th March, '91 BOARD OF SUPERVISION. By Law 15 of 1881 certain powers were vested in the Governor in questions of poor relief, but it had not been found practicable to carry out any real supervision under that law, even when the Parochial Boards were nominated by the Governor, and this difficulty was increased when Boards came to be elected, while various cir: cumstances led to the conviction that it was essential to have some central autho- rity to lay down and enforce general principles of poor relief and to interpose when there was neglect. These requirements were provided by Law 6 of 1886, which vests all matters re- lating to the poor in a Board of Supervision consisting of nine members appointed by the Governor. The Board in so far as its authority goes is analogous to the Boards in England, Scotland and Ireland, known respectively as the Local Govern- ment Board for England, the Board of Supervision for Scotland and the Local Go- vernment Board for Ireland. These latter Boards it may be mentioned control the administration of other acts than those of the relief of the poor, notably those re- lating to the public health, besides many others which it is not necessary to enu- merate here. BOARD OF SUPERVISION. 223 There was considerable opposition to the local law while it was in progress through the Legislature, chiefly among the Parochial Boards, certain of which trans- mitted petitions against it to the Secretary of State for the Colonies, while on the other hand other Parochial Boards petitioned in favour of the law. The then Secretary of State (Earl Granville) answered in detail the objections urged against the law and stated that he thought it was “ likely to prove a very useful measure," and that he was "unable to agree in the opinion of the petitioners that supervision and control over the Local Bodies entrusted with the administra- tion of poor relief is unnecessary," and that there did not “appear to be reasonable ground for complaint that the system of supervision by a Central Board, established by this law, had been substituted for the much greater power of interference vested in the Governor by the previously existing law." Both the Secretary of State and the Governor expressed the hope that the law would be accepted by the commu. nity in a spirit of loyalty and that the various Parochial Boards would continue to conduct that important branch of their duty which embraces poor relief with zeal and good will. With reference to this it may be remarked that the Board of Super- vision in its first annual report stated that “it only remains for us to add with gratification, that with very few exceptions the Parochial Boards of the island have accepted the provisions of the law and have joined with more or less cordiality in working with the Board of Supervision under it, realizing no doubt that the interest and aims both of the Parochial Boards and the Board of Supervision are not antagn- nistic.” The Governor also in his report on the Blue Book of the colony for the year 1886-87 addressed to the Secretary of State for the Colonies stated that in their first annual report the Board of Supervision gave “evidence of the good service of organization upon which they have been engaged” and that the opposition to the constitution of this Body had died away in the face of experience of the Board's working, “ greatly owing to the tact and good reason which have characterized the proceedings of the Board.” The Board of Supervision is entirely a nominated one. The names of the members are given on page 225. The general duties of the Board of Snpervision are thus described in the 10th section of Law 6 of 1886:- “ It shall be lawful for the Board of Supervision to examine into the manner in which poor relief is administered in the several parishes, and in cases where it shall appear to the Board that the arrangements in any parish are defective to require the Parochial Board of such parish to remedy such defect; to audit the accounts and books of the Parochial Boards in so far as these relate to the relief of the poor; to investigate and determine all charges of misconduct against the Inspectors of the Poor, Masters of Poor Houses, Medical or other Officers who may be appointed by the Parochial Boards, and to investigate and report to the Goveruor any charge preferred against a District Medical Officer, such charge having been brought to its notice in writing and duly authenticated; to settle any question of difference aris- ing between two or more Parochial Boards or the officials of such Boards ; to hear and decide appeals from poor persons who have been refused relief, or who may con- sider the relief afforded them inadequate ; and generally it shall be the duty of the Board of Supervision to see the law effectually administered by the several Parochial Boards, without injustice to the persons entitled to relief on the one hand and with due regard to the interest of the taxpayers on the other, and so far as may be to secure unity of system in its practical administration throughout the island.” As an instance of the laxity of administration that prevailed prior to the forma- tion of the Board it is to be noted that in its first annual report the Board stated that a call for a simple statement of the number of male and female paupers elicited in one instance the reply that it was not possible to give the infurmation desired at once, as the existing pauper roll did not distinguish males from females. The following extracts are taken from the first report of the Board of Supervi. sion : “ The case of every applicant for relief is now personally enquired into by an Inspector or Assistant Inspector of Poor at the applicant's place of residence and the particulars thereby ascertained are recorded, together with the decision of the Pa- rochial Board on the result of the application and, in case of refusal, the reason for the same. Each out-door pauper receives or has the opportunity of receiving his 224 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. allowance regularly every week; he is or should be visited at least twice a year by an Inspector at his own home—when any change in his circumstance is noted- and it is the duty of the Parochial Board of each parish to revise its roll of paupers and their allowances twice a year. The particulars known concerning each pauper chargeable to the poor rates of the parish, whether an inmate of the Poor House, the Lunatic Asylumn or the Industrial School, or in receipt of out-door relief, are entered as to each pauper on a separate page in a general register, in which also all subsequent changes in the circumstances of the pauper are recorded, so that each page of the book contains a concise, continuous history of the panper to which it relates. It is now more easy for an out-door pauper to procure medical aid in case of sickness, and a provision is made for the Medical Officer to recommend the grant of additional articles of medical comfort or nourishment in cases requiring it. “ Comparing Jamaica with England it will therefore be seen that the latter country contains four times as many paupers in comparison with its population, and that the expenditure on poor relief per head of population is between five and six times as much in England as it is in Jamaica. These large differences may to some small extent perhaps be accounted for by the fact that possibly all those en- titled to relief in Jamaica were not receiving it and that those who did receive re- lief were not as well cared for as those in England, as it must be remembered that the figures on which the comparisons have been based were more applicable to dates before the new Poor Law had come into practical operation. It has also to be considered that the varying climate of England needs a more varied and expen- sive diet for the people, sickness is of longer duration, the maintenance of invalids is more expensive and the greater completeness of the system of poor relief in Eng- land has rendered it more costly in buildings and general maintenance. “But we think it must be admitted that the figures above referred to prove, what indeed was only to be expected when the teaming and congested populations in many centres of an old country like England, together with the hardships atten- dant on a severe and trying climate, are considered on the one hand and on the other the conditions of life in a colony, highly favoured by nature as Jamaica is, only as yet comparatively sparsely peopled, namely, that poverty and misery do not exist in Jamaica in anything like the proportions that they do in England and, we may also add, Scotland and Ireland. This we think will be disputed by no one who knows the ease with which the Jamaica peasantry who owns or rents an acre of land is able to maintain life and is also aware of the hardships against which his English compeer has to struggle.' The relative proportions above referred to in the first report have not sinco changed to any great extent so that the comparison drawn between Jamaica and the United Kingdom may still be regarded as correct. The following statistics are taken from the report of the Board for the financial year ended 31st March, 1892:- The total number of paupers on the 1st April, 1892, was 4,498 or 357 more than the same date in 1891 bit 66 less than the 1st January, 1887. The chief increases in the year 1891-92 were in the parishes of Kingston and St. Catherine but of the total increase in the former parish 193 belongs properly to the preceding year. The males and females formed respectively 31 and 69 per cent, of the out-door poor and 49 and 51 per cent. of the in-door poor on the 1st April, 1892. Of the total poor in the island, exclusive of lunatics and Industrial School children, the out-door formed 82 per cent and the in-door formed 18 per cent. on the 1st April, 1892, the out-door poor varying from 100 per cent. in Manchester to 51 per cent. in St. Elizabeth. The percentage of paupers to the population was highest in the parish of King- ston, viz., 1.2, and lowest in the parish of St. Elizabeth, viz., 0.2, while the average for the island was 0.7. The similar figures for the following colonies and countries are as stated below : Barbados 1.4, British Guiana 1.0, England 2.7, Scotland 1.5 and Ireland 2.2. It appears that the total cost of inspection of the poor in the various parishes allowed by the Board of Supervision, on the 31st March, 1892, was £1,831, the area to be inspected 4,193 square miles, the population, census 1891, 639,491, the out-door LABORATORY, 225 poor 3,684, the in-door poor 814, making a total of 4,498; and that the total estimated cost of the relief of the poor in 1892-93 was £41,859. The amount collected in poor rates in 1891-92 was £37,501 and the amount ac- tually spent in the relief of the poor in the same period was £42,560. BOARD OF SUPERVISION. CHAIRMAN-Robert Craig, Esq. Hon. H. H. Hocking, Attorney General. Simon Soutar, Esq., Member of the Paro- Hon. C. B. Mosse, c.B., Superintending chial Board of St. Andrew. Medical Officer | Hon. Geo. Stiebel, Custos and Chairman of Hon. Wellesley Bourke, Member of the the Parochial Board of St. Andrew. Legislative Council for St. James and Frederick Hands Barker, Esq., Chairman Trelawny. Parochial Board, St. Mary. J.C. Macglashan, Esq., Auditor General. J. T. Wigham, Esq. ESTABLISHMENT OF THE BOARD OF SUPERVISION, Date of First Office. Name of Holder. Salary. | Appointment to Public Service. Secretary Board of Super- Robert Johnstone* £36000 March, 1878 vision GOVERNMENT LABORATORY. The Government Laboratory was instituted in the year 1870 by Sir J. P. Grant who was then Governor of Jamaica, and the Secretary of State for the Colonies appointed Mr. J. J. Bowrey, F.C.S., to be Analytical Chemist to the Government of Jamaica for judicial and other public parposes. In the year ending 31st March, 1892, for judicial purposes, thirty-one human viscera have been analysed, and the bodies of several animals were exainined for poisons. For the same purpose arti- cles of food and drink have been analysed in twenty-four cases of suspected attempts to administer poison, and more than forty articles of clothing, weapons, &c., have been submitted to chemical and microscopical exa nination in cases of charges of murder and rape, and twenty-nine judicial investigations have been attended and scientific evidence given. For public purposes, not of a judicial character, twenty- six samples of earth and water have been analysed for sanitary purposes and twenty- seven varnishes, oils, bitters, wines, &c., have been analysed for revenue purposes. Analyses of minerals, soils, &c., not of a public nature have also been performed. ESTABLISHMENT OF THE GOVERNMENT LABORATORY. Office. Name of Holder. Salary and Date of First other Appointment to Emoluments. Public Service. Chemist | J.J. Bowrey, F.C.S., F.I.C. £580 0 0 June, '70 * Mr. Johnstone is also Secretary of the Schools Commission, and Assistant to the Govt. Meteorologist. 226 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. PART VI. SUPREME COURT OF JUDICATURE. Up to 1879 the Supreme Court of Judicature of this island was but a Court of Common Law, although under various statutes it exercised jurisdiction in bankruptcy, and in several other matters specially provided for. In the year above-named it underwent a reconstruction and had consolidated with it the High Court of Chancery, the Incumbered Estates Court, the Court of Ordinary, the Court of Divorce and Matrimonial Causes, the Chief Court of Bankruptcy and the Circuit Courts. The Court consists of a Chief Justice and two Puisne Judges, the Chief Jus. tice being President. The two Puisne Judges rank according to the dates of their appointment. All the Judges must be members of the Bar of Eng. land, Ireland or Scotland of at least five years standing. The full Court holds a session in Kingston on the first Monday in February, April, June, August, October and December in each year. A special sitting of the full Court may at any time be appointed by the Chief Justice. “Except in relation to the matters specified in sections 31 and 32 of the Judicature Law and to causes and matters (other than of an interlocutory nature) under the Divorce Law, a single Judye sitting in Court or in Cham. bers may exercise the jurisdiction and powers of the full Court: Provided that such Judge may at any time, if he shall think fit, refer any matter be- fore him for the consideration of the full Court." The following are the Rules with regard to the business of the several divisions of the Court:- (1.) The duties of the Circuit Courts shall be performed by the Judges by arrangement amongst themselves. (2.) Business in Equity and for the sale of Incumbered Estates shall be transacted and disposed of in the first instance by a single Judge sitting in Court or at Chambers, such single Judge being ordinarily the Chief Justice. (3.) Business in Bankruptcy, except the question of the Bankrupt's final discharge when any opposition shall have been entered, shall be transacted and disposed of in the first instance by a single Judge sitting in Court or at Chambers, such single Judge being ordinarily the Senior Puisne Judge. (4.) Non-contentious business in Probate and Administration shall be trans- acted and disposed of by a single Judge sitting at Chambers, the sitting Judge being ordinarily the Junior Puisne Judge. ESTABLISHMENT OF THE SUPREME COURT. Salary and Date of First Name of Holder. other | Appointment to Emolument. Public Service, Office. £ 5. d. Chief Justice Hon. Sir Adam Gib Ellis, knt. 2,000 0 0 22nd Dec., '70 Puisne Judge | Hon. Ernest Augustus Northcote, LL.B. 1,300 0 0 4th Nov., '82 Ditto Hon. Chas. Frederick Lumb 1.000 0 0 Attorney-General Hon. H. H. Hocking, B.C.L.. 1,500 0 0 March, 73 Asst. Aitorney-General on Eastern Circuit S. C. Burke 400 0 0 24th Sep., '58 Ditto Western Circuit S. D. Lindo 500 0 0 1 24th July, '54 Crown Solicitor W. Baggett Gray 820 0 0 | Ist May, '90 * Rules and Orders under the Judicature Law, 1879. SUPREME COURT. 227 ESTABLISHMENT OF THE SUPREME COURT, continued. Salary and Date of First Office. Name of Holder. other Appointment to Emolument. Public Service. 0 0 Registrar of the Supreme 8. d. Court of Judicature Thos. Hendrick 600 0 0 8th June, '71 Chief Clerk H. G. Richards 250 0 0 1 1st April, '73 Second Clerk A. G. Richards 14th April, '80 Third Clerk A. E. Lopez 0 0 1st June, '88 Fourth Clerk E. F. H. Cox 0 0 1st June '88 Clerk to the Attorney. General and Librarian - | Charles B. Burnett 200 0 0 27th Dec., '70 Crier of the Supreme Court Horatio Vaz 20 0 0 June, '56 Clerk of the Kingston Cir- cuit Court Thos. Hendrick 180 0 0 8th June, '71 Administrator-General and Trustee in Bankruptcy | William Lee 600 0 0 / 1st Jan., '80 NOTE.-The Clerk of the Resident Magistrates Court of each parish is the Clerk of the Circuit Court held within the parish, except in the case of the Circuit Court of Kingston, of which the Registrar of the Supreme Court is Clerk. THE BAR IN JAMAICA. BARRISTERS-AT-LAW. Name. When called to the Bar, &c. Burke, S. C., Jnr., B.A. Inner Temple November, 1890, admitted in Jamaica, December, 1890. Brandon, David Middle Temple June, 1866, admitted in Jamaica, August, 1866. Cargill, J. F., B.A., LL.B. Inner Temple, 27th Jan., 1890, admitted in Ja- maica, February, 1890. Hocking, H. H. (Attorney General of Inner Temple November, 1867,admitted in Jamaica, Jamaica) B.C.L. 31st March, 1880. Kirke, Henry, M.A.t Inner Temple, January, 1868, admitted in Jamaica, 24th January, 1890. Oughton, T. Bancroft, LL.B. Inner Temple Easter, 1887, admitted in Jamaica, 6th June, 1887. Roper, Findlater, LL.B. Lincoln's Inn, May, 1844, admitted in Jamaica, 12th February, 1845. Roper, H. L., B.A., LL.B. Inner Temple, admitted in Jamaica, 28th Novem- ber, 1892. Tomlinson, Fred. Chas., B.A., Cantab. Lincoln's Inn, 29th June, 1892, admitted in Ja. maica, 29th November, 1892. ADVOCATES. Name. Date of Appointment. P.O. Address. Burke, S. C. Harvey, T. L. Levy, Arthur Lindo, S. D. Nathan, D. P. Oughton, T. Palache, J. T. Vendryes, Henry 25th June, 1870 1st June, 1885 11th June, 1874 25th January, 1870 13th October, 1877 7th July, 1874 1st June, 1885 | 10th October, 1879 SOLICITORS. Date of Admission. Kingston Kingston Mandeville Kingston Kingston Kingston Mandeville ./ Kingston Name. P.O. Address. Allwood, James* . 6th June, 1866 May Pen Andrews, William . 18th October, 1867 Kingston Abrahams, Adolphus Emanuel 9th February, 1891 Allwood, Alfred Barker 2nd February, 1891 Allwood, John Humber 4th December, 1890 | Left the Island. The names of Solicitors who have retired from practice or who hold Government appointments and are pre- cluded from practice are marked.* 228 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. SOLICITORS, continued. Date of Admission. Name. P. O. Address. Bell, E. A.* Baquie, Robert Cyril 12th March, 1891 Bell, C. T. 9th October, 1882 Kingston 17th June, 1876 Kingston Bicknell, C. A. 9th April, 1890 Kingston Bourke, Wellesley(Harvey& Bourke) 14th October, 1870 Kingston Brown, Philpotts 12th Februray, 1862 Montego Bay Burke, s. c. (Burke and Gray) 22nd June, 1855 Kingston Brandon, David 8th October, 1890 Kingston Calder, C. M.* 1st August, 1881 Port Maria Cargill, s. 16th December, 1892 Kingston Clarke, W. P. 10th December, 1886 Montego Bay Clough, w. G.* 9th June, 1871 Mandeville Cohen, Manderson . 11th June, 1866 Montego Bay Corinaldi, A. J. 17th December, 1880 Kingston Davis, H.'E. Henderson 9th May, 1884 Kingston Dayes, Harold W. W. 13th August, 1891 Kingston Dayes, James 18th February, 1842 Kingston DeCordova, O'C. 8th June, 1888 Kingston Delapenha, Edgar S. D. 1st June, 1891 Kingston Dignum, A. B.* 10th October, 1860 . Falmouth Farquharson, Arthur W. 22nd February, 1884 | Kingston Farquharson, M. S.* 30th March, 1840 Sav.-la-Mar Fisher, H, Seymour* 3rd August, 1887 May Pen Fisher, J. W. 8th February, 1848 Stewart Town Fleming, Alfred Augustus 16th August, 1888 Spanish Town Garsia, H. (Oughton & Garsia) 6th February, 1868 Kingston Goffe, C. H. Clemetson 6th August, 1883 Port Maria Grant, A. C. 11th October, 1880 Montego Bay Gray, W. Baggett (Burke & Gray). Toth June, 1878 Kingston Gunter, Godfrey George 2nd December, 1889 Gordon Town Henderson, W. A. . 2nd May, 1884 Mandeville Hart, Daniel 15th October, 1875 St. Ann's Bay Hart, George 1st December, 1890 Harvey, T. L. (Harvey and Bourke) 10th February, 1863 Kingston Hendrick, Thos.* 12th June, 1847 Kingston Jackson, R. H. . 18th October, 1869 Kingston Jacquet, Sydney . 1st June, 1885 Port Antonio Johnson, John Henry 19th August, 1892 Kingston Jones, Ernest Hann. 14th June, 1892 Kingdon, A. V.* 30th December, 1885 Falmouth Langley, W. F.* 14th October, 1871 Kingston Lake, Alex.* 30th March, 1853 Lucea Lake, Alexander L. P. 5th August, 1889 Kingston Leach, J. V.* 14th June, 1881 Port Maria Levy, Arthur 17th February, 1862 Mandeville Lewis, J. Daly 25th November, 1861 Mandeville Lindo, S. D. 12th February, 1848 Kingston Lyon, William Edwin 2nd December, 1889 Kingston Lynch, E. B.* 9th June, 1851 Spanish Town March, John F. 8th June, 1865 Spanish Town Morais, Eugene L. F. 11th August, 1879 Kingston Milholland, J. F. (Wolfe and Milholland) 9th June, 1887 Kingston Musson, John T. 16th October, 1875 Halfway-Tree Nash, James 15th June, 1882 Montego Bay Nathan, D. P. 7th October, 1848 Kingston Nuttall, E. 4th February, 1892 Kingston Ogilvie, Charles McDonald 14th October, 1889 Kingston O'Meally, James 7th February, 1873 St. Ann's Bay Orrett, W. H. 11th October, 1881 Kingston Oughton, T. (Oughton and Garsia) 22nd March, 1852 Kingston Palache, J. Thomson 11th February, 1873 Mandeville Pouyat, H. F.* 13th October, 1866 Port Antonio Preston, L. J.* 10th October, 1863 Falmouth The names of Solicitors who have retired from practice or who hold Government appointments and are pro @luded from practice are marked. + SUPREME COURT. 229 SOLICITORS, continued. Date of Appointment. Name. P.O. Address. 07 . 0 0 Pickwick, William Samuel 5th December, 1890 Kingston Rerrie, Richard Pitt 25th April, 1892 Montego Bay Robinson, Herbert C. 11th October, 1892 Kingston Samuel, L. L.* . 13th June, 1878 Port Antonio Smith, E. G. Osborne 2nd May, 1884 Kingston Vendryes, A. L.* 9th December, 1878 Kingston Vendryes, Charles L. 8th February, 1888 Kingston Vendryes, Henry.. . 17th October, 1861 Kingston Vendryes, P. Emile . 6th June, 1876 Kingston Walcott, R. A.* 27th April, 1883 Kingston Watson, John Robertson 13th August, 1891 Kingston Watson, S. H.(Anderson & Watson) | 15th June, 1867 Kingston Wolfe, É. Bolivar (Wolfe and Milholland) 8th June, 1877 Kingston SUPREME COURT FEES. COMMON LAW. FEES OF COURT PAYABLE BY STAMPS. Writs, Commissions and Warrants. Examination of Witnesses. On sealing writ of summons £0 13 0 For every examination of witnesses sworn Concurrent, renewed, or amended writ. 0 13 0 and examined by the Registrar in his office, Writ of mandamus or injunction 0 15 0 including oath, for each hour £0 10 0 Writ of subpena, not exceeding three persons 0 2 0 | On every interlocutory judgment 0 5 0 Writ of venire facias, certiorari On every final judgment 0 10 0 Every other writ 0 5 0 On every assignment of a judgment, the Every foreign or other commission 1 0 0 amount that would be payable on the as- Every warrant or summons, not otherwise signment of a bond, if the principal money specially mentioned 05 01 secured by the bond were the same as that Appearances. for which the judgment is recorded. On entering an appearance, for each person 0 5 0 Taxation of Costs. Taxing bill of costs not exceeding three folios Copies. of 72 words each 0 1 0 For office copies of all documents, per folio of When the bill exceeds 3 such folios then for 72 words, any figure being counted as one each such subsequent folio or portion of a word 0 0 9 folio For certifying same under seal 0 7 6 Register of Judgments. Every attested copy order. For registering a judgment although more Filing. than one name may have to be registered 0 2 6 On filing a special case . 1 0 0 For re-registering same 0 1 0 On filing an affidavit with exhibits (if any) For a search for each name 0 1 0 annexed, submission to arbitration, award, For authority to enter satisfaction 0 3 0 bill of sale, bail, satisfaction piece, and Miscellaneous. writ of execution with return 0 3 0 On a notice under Section 81 of Code On filing caveat 0 5 0 Upon a reference to the Registrar for the pur- On filing any petition, statement of claim, or pose of any investigation or enquiry other statement of defence, or subsequent plead- than the taking of an account, for which ing, or any demurrer, or suggestion - 0 3 0 another fee is herein provided, for the first On every order . 0 3 0 hour . 0 100 Certificates. For every additional hour or part of an hour 06 0 For a certificate of appearance or of a plead. On taking recognizance or bond . 0 10 0 ing, affidavit or proceeding having been On taking bail or taking same of the file and entered, filed or taken, or of the negative delivering thereof 0 7 6 ! On a commitment 05 0 Searches and Inspections. On every writ of distringas under 21 Vic. c. 23 0 5 0 For every search not exceeding three hours 0 1 0 On examining and signing enrolments of de- On an application to inspect a pleading, order, crees and orders 1 0 0 or other record, unless otherwise provided On filing interrogatories 1 0 0 for by law or this scale, and to inspect docu- On filing depositions, examinations or answers ments deposited for safe custody or produc- to interrogatories 0 15 0 tion, pursuant to an order for any time not Upon payment of money into Court for every exceeding three hours 0 1 sum not exceeding £50 Judges' Chambers. For every sum exceeding £50 and not exceed- On every summons 0 1 0 ing £100 On every order 0 2 0 Above £100-) er cent. SOLICITORS' FEES. Note.- A folio throughout these Rules comprises 72 words, any figure being counted as one word. Instructions. Instructions. Receiving instructions and perusing and ex- In Equity proceedings, irrespective of time, amining vouchers and documents on which where the value of the subject matter shall to found or oppose proceedings in any of the Divisions of the Court, except Equity , £0 15 0! exceed 1200 . 3 0 0 Por each additional hour . 0 15 0 If of or below that amount . 1 100 6 3 6 for regist CN · 0 2 0 hurt for every 50 0 : 010 Ths names of Solicitors who have retired from practice or who hold Government appointments and are pre- cluded from practice are marked*. 230 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. Writs. os 0 3 0 0 2 es ca at 60-10- 1 -1 CSO SOLICITORS' FEES, continued. Appearances. Writ of summons, seizure and sale, replevin On Counsel in consultation per hour . £0 10 0 and other common writs • £0 7 61 Note. -As to attendance at Chambers. Each copy 03 91A Judge may, in his discretion, allow such fur- Special writs, such as partition, dower, escheat, ther sums, as follow:- certiorari, inquisition, drawing, per folio 0 3 0 For lengthy attendance, not exceeding . 110 Fair copy For unusual and extraordinary skill and la Engrossing 2 6 bour, not exceeding . . 10 10 0 Endorsement of claim 7 6 Afidavits of service on one person of mate- Each copy 0 3 91 riality and other common affidavits : 076 For each additional folio 6 For each additional person in affidavit of ser- Statement of claim or defence or other subse- vice 0 3 0 quent pleading not exceeding 4 folios. 0 3 0 For each additional folio 0 . Special affidavits drawing, per folio 1 6 . 03 0 Fair copy Drawing per folio 0 3 . 01 6 0 Engrossing Fair copy 0 1 . 02 6 6 Notices of trial, of Counsel, of taxation, of Appearances. Memorandum of appearances for one person 0 3 ol striking Special Jury, and other common For each additional person notices 0 1 0 Bonds, replevin, security for costs, drawing, Each copy per folio Notices to admit or produce documents Appearances. Each copy Fair copy . 01 6 Motions. Summonses for Chambers Engrossing 0 . 2 . Each copy 3 : Common bonds 0 15 o Subpoenas ad testificandum Drafts of proceedings, cases for opinion of Each copy Counsel or to accompany briefs, and of all With duces tecum clause additional . 0 3 deeds or other original matter, abstracts of Each copy additional 0 1 6 title, per folio of 72 words Witnesses, examining each and taking notes Fair copies for Counsel or opposite Attorney of his evidence, per hour 0 10 0 or perusal of Client when necessary, per Common suggestions, assignment of judg. folio 0 1 6 ment, authority to enter satisfaction, war- Engrossment 0 2 6 rant of attorney, each Copies, per folio 0 i 6 Special searches in any of the Public Oflices, Briefs of pleadings, statements to accompany per hour 0 7 6 same, accounts, &c., per folio Oi 6 For each docket of judgment 0 1 6 Attendance in Court at trial of Contested deed 0 7 6 Causes, taking judgments, arguments and If more than one folio for each additional folio 0 contested motions, per hour 0 10 0 Letters not exceeding two sides 0 6 8 Attendance in Chambers or on the Registrar For each additional side 0 3 4 on the taking of accounts, or other refer- Special journeys and attendances per day, £2 ences, per hour (where not otherwise spe- and 1/6 per mile. cially provided for) 0 10 0 Perusal and considering draft deeds and mak- Common attendance otherwise than in Equity 0 4 0 ing alterations therein, per folio 0 1 6 Attendance at Public Offices, or to serve no- Perusing statement of claims or of defence, tices, summonses, orders, subponas, or per folio 01 6 upon Counsel to deliver briefs, or other pro- Notices to admit or produce documents. 0 7 0 ceedings 3 0 4 0 Præcipe for writ 0 3 0 At Record Office to make search or record Note. -Any other matter not provided for in the above deeds 07 01 scales to be dealt with on the principle of the scales. EQUITY. FEES OF COURT PAYABLE BY STAMPS. Writs, Commissions and Warrants. Certificates. On sealing writ of summons £0 3 0 For a certificate of appearance or of a plead- Concurrent, renewed or amended writ , 0 3 0 ing, affidavit or proceeding having been en- Writ of mandamus or injunction action : 0 5 0 tered, filed or taken, or of the negative Writ of subpoena, not exceeding three persons 0 2 0 thereof Writ of venire facias, certiorari, or partition 0 7 6 · £0 7 6 Every other writ Searches and Inspections. Every foreign or other commission - 100 For every search not exceeding three hours 0 1 0 Every warrant or summons not otherwise spe- On an application to inspect a pleading, de- cially mentioned · 05 01 cree, order, or other record, unless otherwise Appearances. provided for by Law or this scale, and to On entering an appearance, for each person 0 5 01 inspect documents deposited for safe cus- Copies. tody or production, pursuant to an order for For office copies of all documents, per folio of any time not exceeding three hours 0 1 0 72 words, any figure being counted as one word 0 0 9 Examination of Witnesses. For certifying same under seal 7 6 For every examination of witnesses sworn Every attested copy order. 3 6 and examined by the Registrar in his office Filing. including oath, for each hour 1 0 0 1 0 10 On filing a special case 0 On filing an affidavit with exhibits (if any) Judgments, Decrees and Orders. annexed, submission to arbitration, award, For entering a decree, or decretal order, whe- bill of sale, bail, satisfaction piece, and writ ther on the original hearing of a cause or on of execution with return . 03 further consideration, including a cause On filing a cavent 0 5 0 commenced by summons at Chambers and On filing any petition, statement of claim, or an order on the hearing of a special case or statement of defence, or subsequent plead- petition, per folio 009 ing, or any demurrer, or suggestion - 0 3 0 For entering any other order, whether made On every order 0 3 0 in Court or at Chambers, per folio : 0 commission oso SUPREME COURT. 231 FEES OF COURT PAYABLE BY STAMPS, continued. Taking Accounts. Register of Judgments On taking an account of a Receiver, Guardian, For a search for each name £0 1 0 Liquidator, Sequestrator, Executor, Admi. For authority to enter satisfaction . 03 nistrator, Trustee, Agent, Solicitor, Mortga- gee, Co-tenant, Co-partner, Execution Cre- Miscellaneous. ditor, or other person liable to account, On a notice under Section 81 of Code : 0 2 0 when the amount found to have been re- Upon a reference to the Registrar for the pur. ceived without deducting any payment shall pose of any investigation or enquiry other not exceed £200 . £0 2 than the taking of an account, for which When such amount shall exceed £200 for every another fee is herein provided, for the first £100 or fraction 0 1 hour .. 0 10 0 The Registrar may require the deposit of For every additional hour or part of an hour 0 5 0 stamps on account of fees before taking the On taking recognizance or bond 0 10 0 account, not exceeding the fees on the full On taking bail or taking same off the file and amount appearing by the account to have delivering 0 2 0 been received, and shall make a memoran- On a commitment dum thereof on the account. On every writ of distringas under 21 vic., cap. 23 0 5 0 Taxation of Costs. Taxing bill of costs not exceeding three folios On examining and signing enrolments of de- crees and orders of 72 words each 1 0 0 . 01 Olo On filing interrogatories When the bill exceeds 3 such folios then for 1 0 0 On filing depositions, examina ons or answers each such subsequent folio or portion of a to interrogatories folio . 0 16 0 . 6 0 0 6 Upon payment of money into Court for every Register of Judgments. sum not exceeding £50 050 Yor registering a judgment although more For every sum exceeding £50 and not exceed- than one name may have to be registered 0 2 0 ing £100 For re-registering same 0 1 0 Above £100, 108. per cent. 0 5 0 010 o SOLICITORS' FEES. O Note.- A Polio throughout these Rules comprises 72 words, any figure being counted as one word. Instructions. Attendance at Public Offices, or to serve no- In Equity proceedings, irrespective of time, tices, summonses, orders, subpænas, or where the value of the subject matter shall upon Counsel to deliver briefs, or other pro- exceed £200 £3 0 0 ceedings If of or below that amount . . 1 100 At Record Office to make search or record deeds . 0 7 6 Writs. On Counsel in consultation, per hour . 010 0 Writ of summons, seizure and sale . 0 7 6 Affidavits of service on one person of mate Each copy . 0 3 9 riality and other common affidavits . 0 7 6 Special writs, such as partition, dower, es. For each additional person in affidavit of ser. cheat, certiorari, inquisition, drawing, per vice 0 3 0 folio 0 3 0 Special affidavits drawing, per folio . 03 0 Fair copy 1 6 Fair copy . 01 6 Engrossing 0 2 6 Engrossing . 0 2 6 Endorsement of claim 0 6 Notices of trial, of Counsel, of taxation, of Each copy 3 9 striking Special Jury, and other common For each additional folio . 1 6 notices . 0 3 0 Statement of claim or defence or other subse- Each copy . quent pleading not exceeding 4 folios 0 Notices to admit or produce documents For each additional folio 0 1 6 Each copy . Drawing per folio 7 3 0 Motions: -Summonses for Chambers Fair copy . 0 1 6 Each copy . 0 39 Subpænas ad testificandum Appearances. Each copy . Memorandum of appearances for one person 0 3 With duces tecum clause additional For each additional person 0 1 0 Each copy additional 0 1 6 Bonds, replevin, security for costs, drawing Witnesses, examining each and taking notes per folio 3 0 of his evidence, per hour 010 0 Fair copy 0 1 6 Common suggestions, assignment of judg- Engrossing 0 2 6 ment, authority to enter satisfaction, war- Common bonds 0 15 0 rant of attorney, each 0 7 6 Drafts of proceedings, cases for opinion of Special searches in any of the Public Offices, Counsel or to accompany briefs, and of all per hour . . 076 deeds or other original matter, abstracts of For each docket of judgment 0 1 6 title, per folio of 72 words .. 0 3 0 For each docket of deed 076 Fair copies for Counsel or opposite Attorney, If more than one folio for each additional folio 0 2 6 Por perusal of Client when necessary per folio 0 1 6 Letters not exceeding two sides · 0 6 8 Engrossment .. 6 For each additional side . 0 3 4 Copies, per folio : 016 Special journeys and attendances per day, £2 Briefs of pleadings, statements to accompany and 1/6 per mile. same, accounts, &c., per folio 0 1 6 | Perusal and considering draft deeds and mak- Attendance in Court at trial of Contested ing alterations therein, per folio 0 1 6 Causes, taking judgments, arguments and Perusing statement of claims or of defence, contested motions, per hour 0 100 per folio . ) 1 6 Attendance in Chambers or on the Registrar Notices to admit or produce documents. 0 7 6 on the taking of accounts, or other refer- Præcipe for writ 0 3 0 ences, per hour (where not otherwise spe- Note. -Any other matter not provided for in the above cially provided for) : 010 0l scales to be dealt with on the principle of the scale, WONGWww Ecoco ves noves CS Journevenal side o sidestdditionario 232 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. 0 0 6 CHAMBERS-EQUITY. COURT FEES. The lower scale of fees shall be charged where the value of the subject matter shall be of or below the value of £200, and where such value shall exceed £200 the higher scale shall be charged. Lower Scale. Higher Scale For every original summons for the purpose of proceedings originating in Chambers £0 7 6 £0 7 6 For every duplicate thereof 0 1 0 0 5 0 For every other summons or warrant 0 5 0 0 5 0 For every affidavit 0 1 0 0 1 0 For every recognizance under any order of Court, including the time necessary for inquiring into the nature and extent of the property, taking and marking on the recognizance the justification of the surety or sureties, all which it shall be the duty of the Registrar to do 0 10 0 1 0 0 For attendance of Registrar in taking the examination of witnesses under any order, decree or commission issuing out of the Court in any inatter to him directed per day 1 0 0 2 0 0 For drafting examinations when taken before the Registrar, per folio 0 1 0 0 1 0 For copying and transcribing fair the examinations of witnesses to be signed by them, per folio 0 0 6 For every exhibit marked or signed by the Registrar. 0 1 0 0 1 0 For drafting reports on accounts in chief or other inquiries, including all accounts of real estate directed to be taken before the Registrar, per folio 0 1 0 0 1 0 For every certificate or report 0 10 0 1 0 0 For every certificate upon the passing of a Receiver's or Consignee's account a fur- ther fee in respect of each one hundred pounds of the net balance received by such Receiver or Consignee, after deducting all necessary outgoings for rents, taxes, rates, repairs and management of the property 0100 010 For every order drawn up by the Registrar made upon application for time to plead, answer or demur, for leave to amend cause petitions, or for enlarging the period for closing evidence 0 1 0 0 5 0 For every other order drawn up by the Registrar . 0 10 0 1 0 0 For every advertisement 0 10 0 1 0 0 For all conditions of sale . 100 2 0 0 For attendance of Registrar at any sale of property directed by the Court, and held by him, for each day, if sale in Kingston 100 300 If sale elsewhere, the Registrar shall further be entitled to a travelling allowance at the rate of one shilling and sixpence per mile from Kingston to the place of sale. For copies of all reports, certificates, vouchers, accounts and other documents and papers filed in the Registrar's Office, per folio 0 0 6 0 0 6 Note.-All the above Court Fees, except in the case of attendances and travelling allowances, shall be collected by means of stamps. SOLICITORS' FEES. For preparing an original summons for the purpose of proceedings originating in Chambers 0 15 0 1 1 0 For preparing every other summons and attending to get same filled up at Chambers 0 7 6 If special, not to exceed For each copy of a Judge's summons, to leave in Chambers or to serve 5 0 For each copy of a notice of motion, order or certificate to serve 0 2 6 Or at per folio 0 0 For attending on a summons or other appointment each day according to circumstances; each attendance to be allowed by the Judge or by the Regis- ļ to trar 1 1 1 0 2 2 A Judge may, in his discretion, allow such further sums as follows :--For lengthy attendance not exceeding £2 2s. For unusual and extraordinary skill and labor not exceeding £10 10s. Attending on Claims in Chambers. For perusing the affidavits of claimants coming in pursuant to advertisement, and attending in Chambers at the time appointed by the advertisement, where the number of claims does not exceed Sve 0 10 6 1 1 0 Where the number exceeds five, for every additional number not exceeding five an additional sum of 0 10 6 110 For attending for every order drawn up by the Registrar and at his office, to get same entered • 0 7 6 0 15 For attending to enter claim and to file affidavit 0 7 6 For the Plaintiff or party having the conduct of the order, attending the Registrar with brief and papers to bespeak minutes or order, not being an order of course 07 For ditto for preparing list of evidence read (but only when required by the Registrar and certified by him) 0 7 6 Or according to length at per folio 0 0 6 Attending to settle the draft or minutes of any decree or order 0 7 6 0 15 0 Or at the Taxing Master's discretion not to exceed 1 1 0 Attending to pass any decree or order, not being an order of course, including the entry thereof 0 7 6 0 15 N.B. The Registrar will leave the order for entry. In case the Registrar shall certify that a special allowance ought to be made in respect of any unusual difti. culty in settling and passing an order, the Judge may make such allowance to all or any of the parties as to him shall seem just. Notices and Services. For service of a notice of motion, exclusive of copy 0 2 6 0 2 0 For notice of claim 0 2 6 0 2 For notice of evidence to be read in Chambers 0 2 6 0 2 6 076 07 3 3 0 SUPREME COURT. 233 000000000000 folio CHAMBERS_EQUITY, continued. SOLICITORS' FEES, continued. Lower Scale. Higher Scale. For notice of filing affidavit or set of affidavits filed, or which ought properly to have been filed together, to be read in Court £0 2 6 £0 2 6 For notice of appointment for settling and passing minutes, decrees or orders before the Registrar 0 2 6 0 2 6 For service of a Judge's summons, exclusive of the copy 0 2 6 0 2 6 For service of a petition 0 2 6 0 2 6 For service of an order, exclusive of the copy 0 2 6 For other necessary or proper notice 0 2 6 0 2 6 For services on a party or witness, such reasonable charges and expenses as may be properly incurred, according to distance, or by the employment of an Agent. The fees for notices and services are not to apply where the same Solicitor is for both parties, unless it be necessary for the purpose of making affidavit of service. There is to be one notice only of settling minutes, and one notice of passing decree or order which, if neces- sary, are to be continued by adjournment, of which all parties are to take notice. PROBATE AND ADMINISTRATION. FEES OF COURT PAYABLE BY STAMPS. In Non-Contentious Business. Filing any further writing to the act - £03 0 For filing affidavit applying for probate or filing inventory • 0 5 0 letters of administration £0 10 0 On pleadings amended or reformed 0 1 0 On every form of probate 1 10 0 Filing interrogatories and answers For grant of letters of administration i 10 0 Filing affidavit as to script annexed On every will bond and on every adminis- Filing case for motion tration bond where the personal property Entering order of Court on motion shall be above £100, after the rate of two Summons to attend at Chambers pounds per centum thereon. Entering order made on summons For recording a will and probate, per folio Attested copy order and each fraction of a sheet 0 1 6 Filing notices, per folio For office copy thereof, per folio and each frac- Entering final decree, per folio tion of a sheet 016 Entering any order or decree made with con. Upon the entry of every administration suit o 6 ol sent of parties Upon every certificate of the Court 1 12 6 For entering caveat Upon every subpoena ö 3 o For filing authority to withdraw, and with Upon the entry and signing of every decree drawing caveat 0 2 9 and certificate thereof 0 5 0 Reducing into writing any question to be sub- For each inspection of books ó i olmitted to Jury under Judge's direction, per For every extract or copy at the rate of one 006 shilling and sixpence per folio. Every commission issued under seal . 1 0 0 Por filing affidavit of attesting witness in Writ of attachment 0 10 0 proof of the due execution of a will or Writ of sequestration 0 10 0 codicil i 6 ol For searches in Court books, making extracts, For filing affidavit on oath of Executor or for every three hours 0 1 6 Administrator 1 100 Bond to be executed by any person 0 30 Note.-In all matters not specially provided for the Assignment of bond 05 0 same fees shall be charged by the Registrar as for Filing exhibits per folio 0 0 0 similar business at Common Law. Taking copies of orders, decrees, Judge's notes or other documents filed, per folio . 0 0 In Contentious Business. Taxing bill of costs not exceeding 3 folios 0 1 0 On every citation 5 0 When bill exceeds 3 folios, then for each sub- On every citation to see proceeding 50 sequent folio or portion of a folio . 0 0 6 On entering appearance for each person. 05 0 Examiner appointed to take depositions un- Filing declaration 0 5 o der a commission for examination of wit- Filing plea 0 5 0 nesses, for each day's attendance, besides Filing act on petition 0 5 0 travelling expenses 2 2 0 Filing answer 0 5 0 Note.-Any other matter not herein provided for to be Filing reply 0 5 0 dealt with upon the same principle as at Common Law. SOLICITORS' FEES. The fees of Solicitors shall be the same as the fees of Solicitors for similar business at Common Law. Note. -The fees of Court and of Solicitors in the DIVORCE, INCUMBERED ESTATES, and the BANKRUPTOY Divisions of the Court are the same as for similar business at Common Law. BAILIFFS' FEES. Note - These fees apply throughout to all the Divisions of the Court. Service of Documents. Executing writ of sequestration Serving any writ of summons, notice or other Executing warrant to attach property before document, beside mile money . 0 6l judgment 1 · 0 10 0 Il above one mile from the Court House, King- Executing writ of seizure and sale ston, or from the office of the person effect. For the 1st £100 and under per pound. 0 1 0 ing the service, for every mile beyond the For all sums over £100 per pound 0 0 6 first 0 0 6 Keeping possession of goods till sale, includ- Attendance to make affidavit of service. 0 1 0 ing expenses of man in possession per day, not exceeding five days Execution of Process. 040 Poundage to be on the net proceeds after pay. Executing writ of attachment of debts or other ment of all incidental expenses of the levy property 0 6 0 and sale. Executing writ of possession 06 ol Mileage may be charged at the same rate as Executing writ of delivery 0 6 0 for the service of documents. Executing writ of attachment for contempt 0 10 0 Fee on return to any writ. . 01 6 All necessary expenses out of pocket to be allowed on taxation. Any other matter not provided for in the above scale to be dealt with on the principles of the scale. All accounts to be taxed by the Registrar. ni £0 10 0 234 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. ALLOWANCES TO WITNESSES. Note.-This to be the scale in all the Divisions of the Court. For Board and Lodging per diem :-Proprietors, Occupiers, or Attorneys of Estates or Pens, Merchants, Bankers and Professional persons £0 10 0 to £0 16 0 Storekeepers, Auctioneers, Overseers, Bookkeepers, Accountants. 0 8 0 to 0 10 0 Attorney's Clerks, Mercantile Clerks, Tradesmen, Skilled Workmen and the like from 0 4 0 to 0 8 0 Labourers, Journeymen, Servants and the like from 0 1 6 to 0 2 6 Females according to their station in life but not exceeding 0 12 0 Members of the Constabulary Force, according to rank, but not exceeding 0 12 0 Medical Practitioners, duly qualified for giving professional evidence 1 1 0 The travelling and other expenses of Witnesses will be allowed according to the sums actually and reasona. bly paid or incurred, but in no case will there be an allowance for travelling expenses of more than 1/6 per mile one way. When there is a Railway or other public conveyance only the fare will be allowed. HOLDING OF CIRCUIT COURTS DURING 1893. The times and places for the holding of the Circuit Courts are fixed by the Governor in Privy Council. The following are the arrangements for 1893:- EASTERN CIRCUIT. Kingston-January 4th ; May 1st ; September 4th. Spanish Town-January 19th ; May 15th; September 18th. Morant Bay-March 14th ; July 11th ; November 7th. Port Antonio- March 17th ; July 14th ; November 10th. Port Maria—March 20th ; July 17th; November 13th. WESTERN CIRCUIT. May Pen-February 16th ; June 15th ; October 12th. Mandeville-February 20th; June 19th ; October 16th. Black River-February 23rd ; June 22nd ; October 19th. Sayanna-la-Mar-February 27th ; June 26th ; October 23rd. Lucea-March 2nd ; June 29th ; October 26th. Montego Bay-March 6th ; July 3rd ; October 30th. Falmouth-March 9th; July 6th; November 2nd. St. Ann's Bay-March 13th ; July 10th; November 6th. APPEALS FROM THE SUPREME COURT OF JAMAICA TO HER MAJESTY IN COUNCIL. " By Her Majesty's Order in Council made in pursuance of the provisions of the Imperial Statute 7 and 8 Vic, c. 69) on the 14th April, 1851, it was ordered that any person may appeal to Her Majesty, her heirs and successors, in Her or their Privy Council from any final judgment, order or sentence of the Supreme Court of Jus dicature, as a Court of Civil Judicature, or as a Court of Revenue or Escheat in re- spect of any sum or matter at issue above the amount or value of £300 sterling, the person feeling aggrieved to apply to the Court by motion for leave to appeal within 14 days next after the judgment shall have been pronounced, or if the Court be not then sitting by petition to either of the Judges of the Court. And the Court is empowered to direct that the Judgment appealed from shall be carried into execution, or that execution shall be suspended pending the appeal as to the Court or Judge may appear to be most consistent with real and substantial justice. In all cases se- curity is to be given by the Appellant in the sum of $500 for the prosecution of the appeal and the payment of any costs which may be awarded to the Respondent- such security to be completed within 28 days from the date of the motion or peti- tion for leave to appeal. By this Order the Court appealed from is required to certify and transmit to the Privy Council a copy of the evidence, proceedings, judgments, decrees, and orders made in the case appealed, under the Seal of the Court, and also a copy of the reasons given by the Judges of the said Court for or against the judgment appealed from. Subsequent Orders dated 13th June, 1853, and the 31st March, 1855, contain directions as to the transcript records to be sent by the Registrar of the Supreme Court to the Registrar of the Privy Council and the printing of such transcript by the Appellant or his Agent, and as to the power of the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council to suspend or relax the regulations of the first of the two last mentioned Orders, namely, that of the 13th June, 1853. Fuller directions as to the form and type used in the printing of these proceedings in appeal are contained in an Order in Council of the 24th March, 1871. By an Order of the 12th February, 1845, (4 Moore's Privy Council Cases p. xxv.) it is directed that in appeals from any judgment of any Court in the colonies the SUPREME COURT. 235 reasons given by the Judges of such Court for or against such Judgment shall be by the Judges communicated in writing to the Registrar of such Court, to be by him transmitted in original to the Clerk of the Privy Council with the other documents and proceedings. The Judges' reasons are now transmitted to the Registrar of the Privy Council, the office of Registrar of the Privy Council having been filled up since the date of the 7th and 8th Victoria, cap. 69, and the judicial duties of the Clerk of the Council having been transferred to the Registrar. HONDURAS APPEALS. THE British Honduras Court of Appeal Act, 1881, (Imperial Statute 44 and 45 Vic., ch. 36) authorises Her Majesty by Order in Council to constitute the Supreme Court of Jamaica a Court of Appeal from the judgments, orders, sentences and decisions of the Supreme Court of British Honduras, and after the proclamation of such Order in Council in each of the said Colonies, or from such subsequent date as may be appointed by the Order, any person may appeal from any decision of the Supreme Court of British Honduras to the Supreme Court of Jamaica, subject to such rules and limitations as Her Majesty may by the same or any other Order appoint. By an Order in Council made on the 30th November, 1882, reciting the said statute, 44 and 45 Vic., ch. 36, Her Majesty was pleased to order : (1) That the Supreme Court of Jamaica be constituted a Court of Appeal for determining appeals from the decisions of the Supreme Court of British Honduras ; (2) that this Order be proclaimed in Jamaica and in British Honduras at such time and place as the Go- vernor thereof should direct, and that after the date of the latest of such proclama- tions the said Court of Appeal should have jurisdiction to determine appeals from the Supreme Court of British Honduras in respect of any matter at issue of or above the amount or value of £50, or involving any civil rights amounting to or of the value of £50; (3) that any person may appeal in any such case to the said Court in such manner, within such time, and subject to such rules and limitations as the Supreme Court of Jamaica, with the approval of one of Her Majesty's Prin- cipal Secretaries of State, should from time to time prescribe or appoint; (4) that nothing therein contained should take away or abridge the right of Her Majesty, upon the petition of any person aggrieved by any judgment of the Supreme Court of British Honduras, to admit his appeal therefrom upon such terms as Her Majesty should think fit, and to reverse, correct, or vary such judgment as Her Majesty should deem meet. His Excellency Sir Anthony Musgrave, as Governor of Jamaica, by proclama- tion dated the 27th of January, 1883, published in the Jamaica Gazette of the 8th February, 1883, proclaimed the said Order of the 30th November, 1882, and directed it to be read and proclaimed in the Court House, Kingston, at a Session of the Supreme Court of Judicature to be held on the 5th February, 1883, and the game issue of the Gazette contains a notification by Mr. Hendrick, the Registrar of the Supreme Court, that the proclamation was read and proclaimed in open Court on the 5th of February, 1883. In the Jamaica Gazette of the 23rd October, 1884, is published, by direction of His Excellency the Governor, the rules prescribed and appointed by the Supreme Court of Jamaica, with the approval of the Secretary of State for the Colonies, under the third before mentioned clause of the Order in Council of the 30th No. vember, 1882. INCUMBERED ESTATES COURT. By an Order of the Queen in Council, dated the 28th May, 1889, reciting that the West Indian Incumbered Estates Acts, 1854 to 1872, were then in operation in this Island, and further reciting that an address from the Legislature of this Island had been presented to Her Majesty praying for an Order of Her Majesty in Council to be made directing that the said West Indian Incumbered Estates Acts, 1854 to 1872 shall cease to be in operation in this Island. It was then ordered, that subject as in that order is mentioned the West Indian Incumbered Estates Q2 236 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA, Acts, 1854 to 1872 should cease to be in operation in Jamaica as from the 1st August, 1889, thereinafter referred to as the appointed day. It was by the said order further provided (1) That the order should not affect the operation of the said Acts nor anything done thereunder prior to the appointed day. (11) Proceedings commenced but not completed before the appointed day should be completed as if that order had not been made. (111) States when proceedings shall be deemed completed. (IV) Provides the transfer of money stocks and funds to the account of Her Majesty's Paymaster General, and further orders that any money in the Commissariat Chest in Jamaica standing to the account of the Commissioners shall Court of Jamaica (sects. VI, VII) relates to the disposal of unclaimed moneys and the proceedings with reference thereto. The Act creating a Local Court (Law 17 of 1873 entitled the Incumbered Estates Law, 1873) which was passed on the 19th June, 1873, and came into operation on the 1st September, 1873, continues in force, but upon coming into operation of the Judicature Law, 1879 (Law 24 of 1879), on the 1st January, 1880, the Local Incum- bered Estates Court was consolidated with other Local Courts under the name of « The Supreme Court of Judicature of Jamaica." The rules of this Court form a portion of the General Rules and Orders under the Judicature Law, 1879, published in the Jamaica Gazette of the 13th April, 1882, and came into operation on the 1st July, 1882, as per notification in the Gazette of the 27th April, 1882. The result is that the Imperial Court has been abolished in Jamaica and the Local Court has been consolidated in the Supreme Court of which it now forms a portion. It may not be amiss to state as connected with this subject that consignees or factors' heirs were abolished from and after the 31st July, 1886, by Law 17 of 1885, which provides for the registration in the Record Office of all claims to such heirs existing at that date. UNTIL the 1st July, 1891, Jamaica possessed a Vice-Admiralty Court under the Imperial Statutes 26 Vic., ch. 24, and 30 and 31 Vic., ch. 45. This Court has ceased to exist under the provisions of “ The Colonial Courts of Admiralty Act, 1890," 53 and 54 Vic., chap. 27, passed on the 25th July, 1890, published in the Jamaica Gazette of the 20th November, 1890, page 741 by which these two Statutes are repealed. By the second section of the last mentioned Statute every Court of Law in a British possession that has therein original unlimited Civil Jurisdiction shall be a Court of Admiralty with the jurisdiction therein mentioned and may for the pur. pose of that jurisdiction exercise all the powers which it possesses for the purpose of its other civil jurisdiction and such Court is in the Statute referred to as a Colo- nial Court of Admiralty. By the Statute it is enacted that the jurisdiction of a Colonial Court of Admiralty shali, subject to the provisions of the Statuto be over the like places, persons, mat- ters and things as the Admiralty Jurisdiction of the High Court in England, and may exercise such jurisdiction and have the same regard to International Law and the Committee of Nations as the High Court in England. The Statute also provides for Local Admiralty appeals and appeals to the Queen in Council, rules of Court, fees and costs, droits of Admiralty and of the Crown, power to the Admiralty to establish Vice-Admiralty Court Judges and other Officers. The 10th section provides that whenever there is not a formally appointed Vice- Admiral in a British possession the Governor of the possession shall be ex officio Vice-Admiral thereof, and the 16th section provides that the Act shall come into force in every British possession on the 1st July, 1891. Rules of Court have been prepared by his Honour the Chief Justice under the 7th section of the Law. Until the new rules have been approved by Her Majesty in Council, the rules, forms and table of fees prepared under an Order of the Queen in Council, dated 23rd August, 1883, which came into force on the 1st January, 1884, continue in force, NOTARIES PUBLIC. 237 ESTABLISHMENT OF THE VICE ADMIRALTY COURT. Salary and Date of First Office. Name of Holder. other Appointment to Emolument. Public Service. Judge and Commissary Hon. Sir Adam Gib Ellis, Knt., Chief Justice of Jamaica Fees 22nd Dec., '70 Deputy Judge Hon. C. Ribton Curran, Senior Puisne Judge of the Supreme Court 9th Aug., '79 Registrar Thomas Hendrick 8th June, '71 Marshal . Henry Maxwell Hall Thomas Hendrick 8th June, '71 Surrogate Walter Fitch Langley 1st Nov., '73 NOTARIES PUBLIC. NOTARIES PUBLIC are appointed by the Governor by Commission under the Act 28 Vic. chap. 16, which enacts that they shall be deemed to be officers of the Supreme Court and liable to the summary jurisdiction thereof, and to dismissal by the Governor on a certificate from the Court of misconduct in office. Commissions of Notaries Public are subject to stamp duty as follow :- A Commission as Notary Public for the whole island £10 00 Ditto ditto for the City and Parish of Kingston 6 0 0 Ditto ditto for any other parish 3 0 0 Notarial acts are required to be stamped with an impressed stamp of four shillings or an adhesive stamp of five shillings. The fees demandable by Notaries Public, exclusive of stamps, are as under :- For subscribing and sealing a protest £0 10 6 For drawing and preparing same, if so required, at 5/6 per legal sheet of 72 words to the legal sheet. For copies of documents therein at 2/6 per legal sheet. Many other duties than those provided for by the Act 28 Vic., chap. 16, may be per- formed by a Notary. He is authorised to prepare deeds and wills and to administer oaths and affirmations. Lord Tenterden remarked that many documents passed before Notaries under their notarial seal, which gives them effect in foreign Courts (The King v. the Scriveners' Company 10 B. & C., 518). Large powers are given to Notaries in the colonies by the Brit. Stat. 5 & 6 Wm. IV., chap. 62. They have a lien upon bills, notes, instruments, and documents for their fees. In Brooke's Treatise of the office of a Notary a table of fees furnished by the Honorary Secretary of the Society of Notaries is published. It relates to protests on bills, ships protests and transla- tions, and it is stated that “for matters of greater importance the charge is estimated by the amount of labor and responsibility.” By Law 3 of 1886 it is enacted that deeds executed out of the island may be proved or acknowledged before any Notary Public; and shall be certified under the hand and seal of such Notary Public provided that where any deed purports to have been proved or acknowledged before any Notary Public in any Foreign State or Country there shall be annexed to such deed a certificate under the hand and seal of Her Ma- jesty's Ambassador, Envoy, Minister, Chargé d'Affaires or Secretary of Embassy or Legation, or of Her Majesty's Consul, orany Vice or Acting Consul or Consular Agent of Her Majesty exercising his functions in such Foreign State or Country that the person before whom such deed is so proved is a Notary Public duly commissioned and practising in such Foreign State or Country. The following gentlemen now hold commissions as Notaries Public : Date of Appointment. | Name. Parish, 1866–13th August Joseph K. Collymore* Hanover 1868— 5th May Andrew B. Dignum Trelawny 1871- 7th October . John C. Lewis Trelawny 1872- 7th December . Thos. Hendrick Kingston 1873–30th December . Edward B. Lynch Spanish Town 1874–27th January .l John C. Lewis St. Ann * Now in Holy Orders. 238 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. Date of Appointment, Name. Parish, 1875—30th April 1875-11th June 1877— 5th May 1878—23rd August 1879—23rd January . 1879–19th April 1879— 5th May 1880—12th November . 1881–17th October . 1882— 1st April 1882— 5th April 1882— 1st September. 1883–15th February . 1883–28th July 1885–17th March 1886–26th July 1886-218t August 1887– 4th March 1889–16th March 1889- 4th April 1889–27th August 1890- 2nd June 1890-18th November . 1891– 6th April 1891–20th April 1892–29th April . James M. Facey Philpotts Brown Roger S. Haughton S. H. Watson F. S. Stanford William M. Robertson W. Baggett Gray Daniel Hart Joseph S. Marshalleck Stephen C. Peynado Charles MacClair Calder Charles MacClair Calder Alfred Charles Grant John Turnbull Musson Richard Augustus Walcott George Lyon Phillips Corinaldi Henry Eustace Henderson Davis Eastwood Gordon Osborne Smith Charles Alfred Nunes Cecil Herbert Clemetson Goffe Sidney Jaquet Arthur W. Farquharson G. G. Gunter C. M. Ogilvie C. A. Bicknell A. G. Tomlinson Portland St. James St. Thomas Kingston St. Mary Westmoreland Kingston The whole Island St. Thomas St. Elizabeth St. Elizabeth Westmoreland St. James Kingston The whole Island St. James The whole Island The whole Island Trelawny St. Mary Portland The whole Island T'he whole Island The whole Island St Catherine Hanover RESIDENT MAGISTRATES COURTS. On the coming into operation on the 2nd April, 1888, of Law 43 of 1887, the Resi- dent Magistrates Law, 1887, the District Courts, which had been in operation since the year 1867, ceased to exist. Under this law the Resident Magistrate not only presides in the Court of Petty Sessions but holds a Court of his own, where he sits alone. Almost the same jurisdiction as that of the former District Courts is con- ferred upon the Resident Magistrates Court, and it is the Intermediate Court be- tween the Supreme Court and the Courts of Petty Sessions. There is a Resident Magistrate for each parish of the island. Every Resident Magistrate is Coroner for the parish in which he is located. The qualifications for a Resident Magistrate are that he must be a member of the English or Irish Bar, or of the Faculty of Advocates of Scotland, or a Solicitor of the Supreme Court of Judicature of England, Scotland, Ireland or Jamaica, or a Writer to the Signet of Scotland. The Resident Magistrates Law also provides for the appointment of Clerks to the Courts in the several parishes, whose qualifications are the same as those of a Resident Magistrate, of Assistant Clerks of the Courts, and of Bailiffs of the Resi- dent Magistrates Courts. SCALE OF COURT FEES UNDER LAW 43 OF 1887. SCHEDULE B.GENERAL PROVISIONS. The following shall be the Scale of Fees payable in all Cases, subject to the pro- visions contained under the different sub-heads as specially applicable to different classes of actions :- Where amount claimed does not exceed £2. Where amount claimed exceeds £2. . On lodging every plaint and issuing sum-One Shilling mons thereon For hearing the cause, including entry One Shilling of judgment and taxation of costs, when the claim is contested For hearing, including entry of judg- Sixpence ment and taxation of costs, when the claim is not contested Sixpence in the pound on every pound or part of a pound. Sixpence in the pound on every pound or part of a pound. Threepence in the pound on every pound or part of a pound. RESIDENT MAGISTRATES COURTS. 239 000000 On each judgment summons, including hearing (The same fee shall be paid on the occasion of giving any notice under section 210). 0 1 0 Every original subpæna (which may include three persons) . Entering notice of special defence . . 0 1 0 Every search in the books, (for every three hours or part thereof) . O i o Issuing warrant of attachment or execution 0 1 0 Copies of evidence or documents, for every sheet of 160 words or fraction of a sheet 0 7 6 For entering every appeal 0 5 0 In addition there shall be paid at the rate above prescribed for copying the evidence, judgment and such documents as require to be copied for the Court of Appeal before the papers shall be transmitted to the Court of Appeal. * NOTE.-In all plaints for the recovery of any debt or damages the Court fees shall be estimated on the amount of the demand; but where the plaintiff recovers less than the amount of his claim the difference between the Court fees, according to that amount, and the Court fees, according to the amount recovered, shall be paid by the plaintiff and shall not be charged as costs against the defendant. REPLEVIN. For a warrant to replevy £0 2 6 For a replevin bond when the claim or value of the property does not exceed £20 0 2 6 Where it exceeds £20 0 5 0 In an action of Replevin where the property sought to be replevied has been seized as a distress, the amount claimed sball be deemed to be the amount of the rent or other claim in respect of which such property has been distrained, or the value of the property sought to be replevied, which ever shall be the smaller amount; in any other case it shall be deemed to be the value of the property sought to be replevied, which value shall in the first instance be assessed by the plaintiff. Provided that the Resident Magistrate at the hearing shall assess such value, and shall direct by whom, and when and how, any excess over the fees originally paid shall be paid. INTERPLEADER. The Court fees in Interpleader shall be calculated on the value of the goods or money claimed, which value shall in the first instance be assessed by the claimant, or on the amount of the judgment in respect of which the property claimed has been taken in execution, whichever shall be the smaller amount. Provided that when the value has been assessed by the claimant as aforesaid the Resident Magistrate shall at the hearing assess such value, and shall direct by whom, and when and how, any excess over the fees originally paid shall be paid. ON ASSIGNMENT OF JUDGMENT. For recording each assignment • £0 2 6 LAND. In plaints for the recovery of possession of lands or tenements on expiration of term of lease or tenancy, or for non-payment of rent or breach of covenant, the amount of the claim for the purpose of calculating the Court fees shall be the annual value of the pre- mises, calculated on the rent payable. In cases of boundary disputes, and in the case of plaints, other than those above men- tioned, for obtaining possession of lands or tenements, the amount claimed shall be taken for this purpose at one pound for every acre claimed. Provided that for this purpose and also in all cases where the value of the claim cannot be precisely estimated, the value shall in no case be taken at less than £25, and in no case shall be taken at more than £50. In plaints for the recovery of possession of lands or tenements, if a claim be made also for mesne profits or rent, the amount so claimed shall be added to the value of the pre- mises in estimating the amount of the claim. EQUITY. Where the fee varies according to the amount claimed it shall, in proceedings in Equity, be calculated,-in proceedings under sub-section 1 of section 99, on the value of the estate against or for an account or administration of which demand is made,-in proceedings under sub-section 2, on the value of the trust estate or fund,-in proceedings under sub- section 3, on the amount of the mortgage, charge or lien,-in proceedings under sub- section 4, on the value of the property,-in proceedings under sub-section 5, on the value of the trust estate or fund to which the proceeding relates,-in proceedings under sub-sec- tion 6, on the value of the property of the infant,-in proceedings under sub-section 7, on the value of the property, stock or credits of the partnership,- in proceedings under sub. section 9, on the value of the property to which the suit relates. Provided always that do single fee shall in any case exceed the amount of thirty shillings. There shall also be paid, in all proceedings in Equity, the fees following, that is to say: On each order for injunction . £0 5 0 Drawing up and entering any order, interlocutory or final, not being an order for an injunction 0 2 6 Each notice to party, creditor or other claimant • 0 1 0 Filing defendant's admission or disclaimer 0 1 0 For each sitting in which the Clerk is employed in taking accounts, or making enquiries, or acting as special examiner 060 240 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. • O For every additional hour, or part of an hour, beyond one hour Preparing report and certificate, per sheet of one hundred and sixty words, and each fraction of a sheet Entering any such report and certificate. On each return of summons, notice or warrant On each common petition or motion On each suggestion On each bond or recognizance PROBATE AND ADMINISTRATION. For filing affidavit applying for probate or letters of administration, in. cluding 7s. to be paid to the Registrar of the Supreme Court, on the ne- cessary reference to him On each bond For recording a will, and for making each copy thereof, for each legal sheet of one hundred and sixty words, and each fraction of a sheet . 0 0 6 To the Deputy Keeper of the Records, the fee payable on recording the will as prescribed by rules made under Law 6 of 1879. For grant of letters of administration or probate . 0 5 0 On lodging a caveat . 0 1 0 In any contentious proceeding, any fee payable that is ordinarily calculated on the amount claimed shall be calculated on the value of the estate to which such proceeding relates. Provided that no single fee shall exceed thirty shillings. CRIMINAL. In cases arising out of charges lodged on the part of the public, by the Attorney-General, or by any person acting under his instructions, or by any Resident Magistrate, or by any two Justices of the Peace, or by any person acting under the instructions of any Parochial Board, or by any Public or Parochial Officer whose duty it is as such to lodge such charge or by any Officer, Sub-Officer, or Constable of the Jamaica Constabulary Force in any mat. ter in which it is his duty as such to lodge such charge, no Court fees shall be required, In all other cases the following Court fees shall be paid :- In all summary proceedings in a Resident Magistrate's Court the fees shall be the same as in the Courts of Petty Session. In indictable cases the fees payable in summary cases shall be payable in so far as the same are applicable; and in respect of the following proceedings to which no such fee is applicable the following fees shall be paid :- For every indictment* . • £1 0 0 For every appeal by a prosecutor under section 270 • 1 0 0 SCHEDULE D.--BAILIFFS' FEES.-PART 1. Amount of Demand. Bailiff's Fees. Not Exceeding | Exceeding Coding £10 and not £20 and not Exceeding exceeding | exceeding exceeding £10. £30. £20, £30. €0 2 0 £0 1 0 0 1 0 £0 2 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 6 0 1 6 0 100 100 100 10 0 0 0 1 6 0 0 0 0 1 6 0 0 0 0 1 6 0 0 0 6 Taking recognizance or security Inquiry into sufficiency of security.i Affidavit of service of summons out of jurisdiction Serving every summons, order, or sub- pæna, within one mile of Court House, if the service is not personal If the service is personal If above one inile in either case, then extra for every other mile. In the case of two or more defendants re- siding at the same place mileage for one defendant only Keeping possession of goods till sale, per day, not exceeding five days . Carrying every prisoner to prison, in- cluding all expenses and assistant, For the delivery of goods replevied | 006 006 006 006 0 0 6 0 10 I 010 0 2 0 per mile 0 0 1 2 0 6 0 0 1 5 0 0 0 5 0 0 1 0 1 0 10 0 0 * Except Indictments under the Act to consolidate and amend the Law relating to offences against the person. 27 Victoria, chapter 32, or for Larceny, or under "the Act to consolidate and amend the Statute Laws relating to larceny and other similar offences," 27 Victoria, chapter 33, or under “the Act to consolidate and amend the Statute Laws relating to malicious injuries to property," 27 Victoria, chapter 34, or under the Prædial Larceny Law (Law 6 of 1877), or for the olences of forcible entry and detainer of land. RESIDENT MAGISTRATES COURTS. 241 For the appraisement of goods distrained, three-pence in the pound on the value. For the sale of levies, including advertisements, catalogues and commission, and delivery of goods, one shilling in the pound on the net produce of the sale. In cases other than levies, where the Bailiff by order of the Resident Magistrate acts as Auctioneer to conduct any sale of property, real or personal, ordered by a Resident Magistrate's Court to be sold, his remuneration shall be according to such special terms as the Resident Magistrate shall fix, not exceeding the rate of two-and-a-half per centum on the first £100 gross proceeds, and at the rate of one and a quarter per centum on any sum in excess of £100. Provided always that in cases where the property to be sold con- sists wholly or to a great extent of personal effects, or live stock, and the like property, the Resident Magistrate may award to the Bailiff further remuneration, not exceeding the rate of £2 per centum. Provided that such fees shall not include advertisements. When any mileage money shall be payable on the service or execution of any process, such mileage money shall be charged and reckoned from that Court House of the parish, which is nearest to the residence of the person against whom such process shall have been issued. A commission of two-and-a-half per cent, on receiving money instead of levy shall be paid to the Bailiff. PART 11.-LAND. For the execution of each warrant of possession under this Law, five shillings, with mile money according to the rate in Part I. of this Schedule. The other fees shall be the same as under Part I. of this Schedule, PART III.-EQUITY. The same fees as under Part I, of this Schedule, PART IV.--PROBATE AND ADMINISTRATION, For serving every process which he shall be required to serve, the like fee and mileage as in Part I. of this Schedule. HOLDING OF COURTS. Under Section 61 of Law 43 of 1887 the Justices of the Peace of any Parish assembled by the Custos in Special Session, from time to time fix the times and places for the holding of Courts of Petty Sessions and Resident Magistrates Courts throughout the parish. These fixtures are however subject to the approval of the Governor in Privy Council, who may alter the times and places proposed by the Justices as he may see fit. Should the Jus- tices fail to fix the times and places within two months prior to the expiration of any pre- vious fixtures made, it is lawful for the Governor in Privy Council to fix them without reference to the Justices. The Law also requires that notice of the times and places fixed for the holding of the Courts shall be published in the Gazette, and shall be put up in some conspicuous place in each Court House in the parish and in the Office of the Clerk, at least one month before the time appointed for the holding of the Courts. This provision applies also to any altera- tion in the times fixed, which it may be found desirable to make, but does not in any way interfere with the powers of the Resident Magistrate or in his absence, of a Justice of the Peace, or failing a Justice, of the Clerk or Assistant Clerk, by declaration in open Court, to adjourn any Court to any day or place whether or not such day or place has been fixed and approved as provided in the first paragraph of Section 61. The Resident Magistrate has the power also to hold his Court for the exercise of its Criminal Jurisdiction at any time and place that he may see fit. Power is given by Section 62 to the Resident Magistrate to sit in Chambers and there to make Orders as to the mode of trial of persons brought before bim charged with any in- dictable offence, to hear and determine any application for a change of venue from one o another in his parish. for any stay of execution, for a habeas corpus to bring up any witness or prisoner, and any application respecting the taxation of costs, and also any unopposed application for Probate or Administration, and also any application that may properly be made exparte and without notice to the other side. A sitting in Chambers may be fixed by the Resident Magistrate for any place or time, and he has jurisdiction to act without notice of such sitting being given. In order to provide the means of dealing as early as possible with persons charged with indictable offences, the law enacts that the Resident Magistrate shall at all times be deemed to be sitting in Chambers for the purpose of making Orders under Section 250, as to the mode of trial of such persons. The Resident Magistrate may refer any matter brought before him in Chambers to be disposed of in Court, if owing to its importance or for any other reason he thinks it should be so disposed of. The following Tables give the places and dates of holding of the Resident Magistrates Courts for the year 1893:- 242 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. RESIDENT MAGISTRATES COURTS. Parish, Court Station. January. February. March. April. May. June. Kingston 20 20 17 15 St. Andrew 16 6.12.19.26 4.18 7.21 14.28 11 2.9.16.23 8.22 4.18 11.25 | 2.9.16.23.30 8.22 4.18 11.25 6.13.20.27 12.26 8.22 15.29 4.11.18.25 10.31 6.20 13.27 17 1.8.15.22.29 14.28 3.17 10.24 21 15 19 St. Thomas Civil Business. Kingston Criminal Business. Halfway-Tree Stony Hill Gordon Town Guava Ridge Bull Bay. Civil Business. Halfway-Tree Stony Hill Gordon Town Bull Bay Civil Business. Morant Bay Bath Easington Trinity Ville Woburn Lawn Civil Business. Port Antonio Buff Bay Hope Bay Manchioneal Criminal Business, Port Antonio Buff Bay Hope Bay Manchioneal The Clerk will attend at Man- chioneal to issue Process on Civil Business. Port Maria Annotto Bay Richmond Retreat 24 24 21 15 19 16 10 13 Portland 10 13 2.16 5.19 2.16 4. IX 12 6.20 13 28 27 24 26 30 3.10.17.24.31 5.19 7.14.21.28 2.16 7.14.21.28 2.16 4.11.18.25 6.20 13 2.9.16.23.30 4.18 11 26 6.13.20.27 1.15 8 24 St. Mary RESIDENT MAGISTRATES 243 RATES COURTS OURTS. RESIDENT MAGISTRATES COURTS, continued, Parish. Court Station. July. August. September October. November. | December, 17 18 16 20 Kingston St. Andrew 6.13.20.27 12.26 1.15 8.22 19 13.10.17.24.31 16.30 5.19 12.26 23 7.14.21.28 13.27 2.16 9.23 20 5.12.19.26 11.25 7.21 14.28 18 | 2.9.16.23.30 15.29 4.18 11.25 22 18 7.14.21.28 13 2.16 9.23 20 10 14 St. Thomas Civil Business. Kingston Criminal Business. Halfway-Tree Stony Hill Gordon Town Guava Ridge Bull Bay Civil Business. Halfway-Tree Stony Hill Gordon Town Bull Bay Civil Business. Morant Bay Bath Easington Trinity Ville Woburn Lawn Civil Business. Port Antonio Buff Bay Hope Bay Manchioneal Criminal Business. Port Antonio Buff Bay Hope Bay Madchioneal The Clerk will attend at Man- chioneal to issue Process on Civil Business. Port Maria Annotto Bay Richmond Retreat 17 20 14 11 Portland 10 11 13 11 1.21 5.19 2.16 6.20 13 28 3.17 10 25 7.21 14 29 24 4.11.18.25 | 1.8.15.22.29 6.20 3.17 10 28 25 5.12.19.26 7.21 14 13.10.17.24.31 5.19 12 7.14.21.28 2.16 5.12.19.26 7.21 9 14 29 27 24 29 St. Mary 21 14 244 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. RESIDENT MAGISTRATES COURTS, continuied. 5.19 13 14 13 1 == ཋ ***** 12 14 20 24 28 9.23 17 21 20 18 25 2 * Parish. Court Station. January. I February. March. April. May. June. Criminal Business. St. Mary, continued Port Maria* Annotto Bay 2.16 2.23 6.20 8.22 Richmond 17.31 14.28 7.21 4.18 6.20 Retreat 10 Lucky Hill 10 11 Civil Business. St. Ann St. Ann's Bay 10 Brown's Town Moneague 17 Ocho Rios 25 27 Criminal Business. St. Ann's Bayt Brown's Town 13.27 10.24 10.24 14.28 12.26 Moneague 16 Ocho Rios 24 23 Civil Business. Trelawny Falmouth Hampshire Duncans Ulster Spring, 21 Criminal Business. Falmouthf Hampshire 6.20 12.26 Duncans 20 Ulster Spring 16 Civil and Criminal Business. St. James Montego Bay Adelphi Examinations and Issuing Process Adelphi Montpelier Spring Mount * Any day when the case is ready and there is no Court at an Outstation. † Every Monday except it be a Public Holiday, when adjourned Civil Cases are taken, and also Chamber work done. On any day when the Resident Magistrate is not otherwise engaged and when there is any case awaiting adjudication. $ In addition to the Courts fixed as above the Resident Magistrate will, whenever there are any indictable offences to be disposed of, hold a Court at Montego Bay every Wednesday. Such cases will also be disposed of at the Out Stations either immediately before the opening of any other Courts there fixed, or on any of the process days, as may be fixed when each case is first brought before the Resident Magistrate. 160 28 23 27 I 14 24 RESIDENT MAGISTRATES COURTS. 245 RESIDENT MAGISTRATES COURTS, continued. 3.17 3-4 --25 13 17 26 15 19 22 ans Parish. Court Station. July. August. I September. 1 October, November. | December. Criminal Business. St. Mary, continued Port Maria* Annotto Bay 6.20 7.21 5.19 9.23 7.21 Richmond 4.18 1.15 5.19 3.17 7.21 5.19 Retreat 10 11 13 11 Lucky Hill 12 10 14 12 Civil Business. St. Ann St. Ann's Bay Brown's Town Moneague Ocho Rios Criminal Business. St. Ann's Bayt Brown's Town 14.28 11.25 8.22 13.27 10.24 8.22 Moneague 19 17 21 Ocho Rios Civil Business. Trelawny Falmouth Hampshire Duncans Ulster Spring Criminal Business. Falmouthf Hampshire 10.24 4.18 2.16.30 13.27 Duncans 15 26 24 21 Ulster Spring 22 19 Civil and Criminal Business. St. James Montego Bay Adelphi Examinations and Issuing Process Adelphi Montpelier 14 Spring Mount * Any day when the case is ready and there is no Court at an Outstation. ť Every Monday, except it be a Public Holiday, when adjourned Civil Cases are taken, and also Chamber work done. I On any day when the Resident Magistrate is not otherwise engaged and when there is any case awaiting adjudication, $ In addition to the Courts fixed as above the Resident Magistrate will, whenever there are any indictable offences to be disposed of, hold a Court at Montego Bay every Wednesday. Such cases will also be disposed of at the Outstations either immediately before the opening of any other Courts there fixed, or on any of the process days, as may be fixed when each case is first brought before the Resident Magistrate. 17 28 14 18 13 12 18 22 24 246 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. RESIDENT MAGISTRATES COURTS, continued. Parish. Court Station. January. February. March, April. May. June. Civil Business. Hanover Forum Gore Westmoreland Lucea Green Island Sandy Bay Miles Town Criminal Business. Green Island Sandy Bay Miles Town Civil Business. Savanna-la-Mar* Whithorn Civil Business. . Black River Santa Cruz Criminal Business. Black Rivert Santa Cruz e St. Elizabeth Roco 6.27 3.10 7.28 en 2.9.30 Manchester Civil Business. I Porus Wigton Mandeville The Cottage ឪ 29 * In addition to the above fixtures a Resident Magistrate's Court for Criminal Business will be held at Savanna-la-Mar every Monday. + On any day when the Resident Magistrate is not engaged at Outstations and when there is a case awaiting adjudication. * In addition to the Courts fixed as herein stated the Resident Magistrate will hold his Court for the trial of Criminal cases and will hold sittings for taking Preliminary Examinations at Mandeville on any day when he is not engaged at an Outstation, and when there is any case &waiting adjudication, RESIDENT MAGISTRATES COURTS. 247 RESIDENT MAGISTRATES COURTS, continued. Parish. Court Station. July. August. September. | October. | November. | December. Civil Business. Hanover bo wow COOMA E COOMA Lucea : Green Island Sandy Bay Miles Town Criminal Business. Green Island Sandy Bay Miles Town Civil Business. Savanna-la-Mar* Whithorn Civil Business, Black River Santa Cruz bower Ecos E Westmoreland o for S St. Elizabeth e Go GB Criminal Business Black Rivert Santa Cruz 4.25 1.8.29 6.27 3.10 1.8 Manchester Civil Business.I Porus Wigton Mandeville The Cottage 1 31 * In addition to the above fixtures a Resident Magistrate's Court for Criminal Business will be held at Savanna-la-Mar every Monday. † On any day when the Resident Magistrate is not engaged at Outstations and when there is a case awaiting adjudication. herein stated the Resident Magistrate will hold his Court for the trial of Criminal cases and will hold sittings for taking Preliminary Examinations at Mandeville on any day when he is not engaged at an Outstation, and when there is any cas awaiting adjudication, 248 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. RESIDENT MAGISTRATES COURTS, continued. Parish. Court Station. January. February. March. April. May. June. Manchester* 3.19 12.23 10.26 7.16 9.20 14.23 7.23 9.27 14.30 4.20 13.24 11.27 2.18 11.22 9.25 6.22 8.26 13.29 Criminal Business. Lincoln Porus Wigton The Cottage Civil Business. May Pen Chapelton Alley Rest Criminal Business. Clarendon 4.18 10.24 13 26 5.19 4.18 3.17 2.16 7.21 1.15 7.21 17 23 7.21 6.20 16 10 21 19 23 27 25 29 May Pen Chapelton Alley Rest 11.25 17.31 6.27 26 8.22 14.28 3.24 8.22 14.28 10.24 23 12.26 11.25 7.28 10.31 9.23 5.26 25 14.28 13.27 9.30 29 23 27 Civil Business. St. Catherine 2.12.26 9.13.27 6.9.23 10.13.24 20 27 6.9.23 10.13.24 20 6.20 10.14.28 17 1.4.18 8.12.26 15 22 5.8.22 9.12.23 19 26 16 23 24 Spanish Town Linstead Old Harbour Aylmers Criminal Business. Spanish Town Linstead Old Harbour Aylmers 7.14.21.28 13.27 5.19 23 4.11.18.25 10.24 2.16 27 4.11.18.25 10.24 2.16.30 27 1.8.15.22.29 14.28 13.27 24 6.13.20.27 12.26 11.25 3.10.17.24 9.23 1.15.29 22 26 * In addition to the Courts fixed as herein stated the Resident Magistrate will hold his Court for the trial of Criminal cases and will hold sittings for taking Preliminary Examinations at Mandeville on any day when he is not engaged at an Outstation, and when there is any case awaiting adjudication. RESIDENT MAGISTRATES COURTS. 249 RESIDENT MAGISTRATES' COURTS, continued. Parish. Court Station. July. August | September. | October November. | December. Manchester* Criminal Brasiness. Lincoln Porus Wigton The Cottage Civil Business. 4.20 13.24 11.27 1.24 10.21 8.31 7 5.21 14.25 12.28 3.19 12.23 10.26 7.23 9.27 14.30 Clarendon 5.19 4.18 14 9.23 8.22 6.20 5.19 15 28 4.18 3.17 13 26 24 12.26 11.25 7.28 27 16.30 15.29 4.25 13.27 12.26 8.29 28 11.25 10.24 6.27 26 15.29 14.28 3.24 23 6.20 5.19 8.22 21 May Pen Chapelton Alley Rest Criminal Business. May Pen Chapelton Alley Rest Civil Business. Spanish Town Linstead Old Harbour Aylmers Criminal Business. Spanish Town Linstead Old Harbour Aylmers 24 St. Catherine 3.6.20 10.14.28 3.7.17 11.14.25 21 4.14.28 8.11.22 2.12.26 9.13.27 6.9.23 10.13.24 20 4.7.21 8.11.22 18 18 16 24 25 23 1.8.16.22.29 14.28 13.27 24 5.12.19.26 11.25 10.24 2.9.16.23.30 8.22 7.21 25 7.14.21.28 13.27 6.19 23 1.11.18.252.9.16.23.30 10.24 8.22 2.16.30 14.28 27 inal cases old he Courts fired as herein stated the Resident Magistrate will hold bis Court for the trial of sittings for taking Preliminary Examinations at Mandeville on any day when he is not engaged at an Outstation, and when there is any case awaiting adjudication. 250 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. ESTABLISHMENT OF THE RESIDENT MAGISTRATES COURTS. Office. Name of Holder. Salary and Date of First other Appointment to Emolument. Public Service, Kingston. Resident Magistrate Clerk Assistant Clerk Ditto Ditto Ditto Ditto Ditto Ditto Bailiff St. Andrew, Resident Magistrate Nathaniel Nathan L. L. Samuel F. Pouyat G. D. Robertson A. H. Facey . J. Randall M. Aarons . W. H. B. Cathcart . C. E. Mellish .W.A. Segree £ 8. d. 800 0 0 360 0 0 200 0 0 140 00 180 0 0 0 0 85 0 0 oooo oo March, '60 Feb., '80 Ist Oct., '74 1st April, '88 1st April, '88 Feb., '91 Feb., '90 1st Feb., '90 Feb., '92 1st Jan., '90 ist Nov., '88 April, '76 19th Oct., '87 1st Feb., '91 20th Jan., '90 Clerk 60 0 0* 600 0 0 80 0 0 330 0 0 80 0 0 140 0 0 80 0 0 80 0 0* A. L. Vendryes Travelling allowance A. H. Quallo Travelling allowance C. A. J. James . D. M. Campbell . A. C Brodhurst Assistant Clerk Ditto Bailiff St. Thomas, Resident Magistrate Clerk Assistant Clerk Bailiff • John T. Musson Travelling allowance . G. B. Pilliner Travelling allowance W. A. Heyliger Travelling allowance B. Mitchell 750 0 0 100 00 500 Ö 07 6th Feb., '71 100 0 0 140 00 1st April, '88 48 0 0 6000* 12th July, '89 . H. A. Perry Travelling allowance . W. F. Langley Travelling allowance .J. A Messias . C. A. Gale 750 0 0 1st Jan., '92 100 0 0 30000 (1st Nov., '73 100 0 0 200 0 0 1st Feb., '76 8000* 1st June, 71 Portland. Resident Magistrate Clerk Assistant Clerk Bailiff St. Mary. Resident Magistrate Clerk Assistant Clerk Ditto . Bailiff 700 0 350 . J. V. Leach Travelling allowance C. M. Calder Travelling allowance | C. L. S. Stewart . A. C. McIntosh .J. M. Walsh 1st April, '88 130 1st April, '88 130 0 0 140 00 1st April, '88 85 0 60 8 * July, 192 St. Ann. Resident Magistrate Clerk Assistant Clerk Bailiff Trelawny. Resident Magistrate • I. R. Reece Travelling allowance . A. V. Kingdon Travelling allowance . J. S. Thomas . S. Dobson 700 0 0 130 0 0 350 0 0 100 0 0 200 00 6000* 27th May, '73 1st Oct., '89 17th Sep., '68 1st April, '88 Clerk : A. B. Dignum Travelling allowance L. J. Preston Travelling allowance H. Broderick A. A. Mends . W. Hogarth 600 0 0 100 0 0 360 0 0 100 0 0 140 00 85 0 0 60 0 0* 18th Dec., '68 1st Feb., '70 1st April, '88 1st Feb., '90 166 April, '88 Assistant Clerk Ditto Bailiff * And fees. t of this amount £160 is personal allowance. RESIDENT MAGISTRATES COURTS. 251 ESTABLISHMENT OF THE RESIDENT MAGISTRATES COURTS, continued. Office. Name of Holder. Salary and Date of First other appointment to Emolument. | Public Service. £ s. d. 600 00 80 0 0 St. James. Resident Magistrate Clerk Assistant Clerk Ditto Bailiff . Maxwell Hall Travelling allowance J. C. Humber Travelling allowance J. L. Hill | A. J. Banbury B. F. Lindo 80 0 oooooo 1st April '847 1st Aug., '69 22nd July, '75 1st Feb., '90 9th Nov., '81 85 60 0* Hanover. Resident Magistrate Clerk .W. P. Clark Travelling allowance . R. Lewis Travelling allowance ./ A. E. Langley E. Gordon 500 0 0 100 0 0 310 0 0 10th Dec., '90 100 0 0 140 00 1st April, '88 1st April, '88 Assistant Clerk Bailiff 60 Westmoreland. Resident Magistrate 1st April, '88 Dec., '90 Clerk R. A. Walcott Travelling allowance C. P. Huggins Travelling allowance Vacant E. J. W. Davis E. C. Williams 700 0 0 100 0 0 310 0 0 100 0 0 150 00 85 70 0 0* Assistant Clerk Ditto Bailiff 1st Feb., '90 2nd Dec., 92 St. Elizabeth. Resident Magistrate Clerk Assistant Clerk Ditto Bailiff Manchester. Resident Magistrate Clerk W. Brandford Griffith Travelling allowance. F. E. Cole Travelling allowance W. P. Michelin F. T. Gooden F. C. Young 700 0 130 00 310 130 0 0 140 00 0 0 00* 1st April, '88 29th Oct,, '90 Feb., '90 1st Feb., '92 7th Jan., '86 650 00 SO 0 0 Edward Vickers Travelling allowance W. G. Clough Travelling allowance H. Nugent Fyfe J. O'Grady 350 80 1st April, '88 5th June, ’72 1st June, '88 1st June, ’79 ( 0 0 120 0 0 6000* Assistant Clerk Bailiff Clarendon. Resident Magistrate Clerk Assistant Clerk Ditto Bailiff J. Allwood Travelling allowance H. S. Fisher Travelling allowance D. Tucker S. A. G. Cox H. Lindo 700 0 0 100 00 320 00 100 0 0 160 00 120 00 6000* 7th Oct., '68 8th Feb., '89 1st Oct., '81 4th Oct., '88 1st April, '88 St. Catherine. Resident Magistrate Clerk Assistant Clerk Ditto Ditto Bailiff .W. H. Hyndman Jones . Travelling allowance James Ryley Travelling allowance C. H. G. Slader A. H. De Leon F. C. Wynter F, S. Messias 800 0 0 April, '84 100 0 0 380 0 0 16th May, '81 0 0 130 00 | 4th Oct., '88 120 00 | 1st June, '88 80 0 0 1st Feb., '92 6000* 1st April, '88 # And fees. † Acting Stipendiary Magistrate, permanent appointment September, 1891. R2 252 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. COURTS OF PETTY SESSIONS. Petty Sessions Courts were established in this island shortly after the English Conquest of the Island when the judicatories for the peace and good order of the island were settled. They are constituted as in England. Justices of the Peace are appointed to each parish by commission from the Governor under the great seal of the island as conservators of the public peace. They derive their power from their commission and their jurisdiction is conferred by various local laws. Generally one of the body is selected by the Governor and appointed Custos-an office similar to that of Custos Rotulorum in England. Where there is no Custos the Magistrate next in seniority to him or the Senior Magistrate of the parish and resident in the parish and in the habit of acting as a Justice of the Peace therein, is the individual falling under the designation of Custos. (18 Vic., chap. 31, section 6.) The course of procedure in the Courts of Petty Sessions is regulated by the 13th Victoria, chap- ters 24 and 35, which consolidate the previous provisions on the subject. By Section 14 of Law 43 of 1887 every Resident Magistrate appointed under that law is ex officio a Justice of the Peace for every parish of the island. The Clerks of the Courts act as Clerks in the Courts of Petty Sessions and in the Resident Magistrates' Courts and Circuit Courts. They are authorised to take information on oath and to issue summonses, warrants and subpoenas in criminal and quasi-criminal cases. The Assistant Clerks possess similar powers when appointed by the Governor to act as Deputy Clerks of the Courts. PETTY SESSIONS COURT FEES. “ All proceedings in cases of persons charged with indictable offences, and all pro- ceedings before a Justice of the Peace or Justices of the Peace in Petty Sessions, on summary trials for larceny, or under any act or law now or hereafter to be passed making the case a public prosecution, and all proceedings instituted by any member of the Constabulary Force in his capacity as such, shall be free of all stamp duty, whether imposed by this or by any other law.”—Law 3 of 1870, s. 9. Iu other cases the fol. lowing fees are payable : On each Information . . £0 3 0 Summons • 0 3 6 Warrant 3 6 Affidavit to ground search warrant and warrant 0 3 0 Affidavit and warrant for articles of the peace and good behaviour Subpæna for witness, to contain not more than four names nes : 0 2 0 Warrant of distress 0 2 0 Information, summons, and copy for servant's wages Order of Court. 2 0 Certificate to be annexed to proceedings 0 2 0 " Recognizance to appeal from judgment of Court. . 0 17 0 Certified copy of proceedings, for every 160 words . 0 1 0 Any Justice of the Peace may remit or postpone the payment of the above fees in whole or in part.—Law 9 of 1878, s. 2. Witnesses in police cases who have given evidence may on application to the Court obtain their expenses at the following rates per diem :- Proprietors, occupiers or attorneys of estates or pens, merchants, bankers, and professional persons . £0 10 0 Tradesmen, auctioneers, accountants, clerks, overseers, and bookkeepers. 0 5 0 Artizans and journeymen . 0 3 0 Labourers and the like 0 1 6 Females according to their rank in life, but not exceeding ten shillings per diem. Travelling expenses, sums reasonably paid but not more than 6d. per mile one way. Duly qualified medical practitioners :- For attending to give professional evidence . £1 1 0 For every day beyond the first that he is in attendance to give evidence 1 0 0 Travelling expenses 1s. 6d. per mile one way from the place of residence of the witness, co AS NO OT wo wo COURTS OF PETTY SESSIONS. 253 COURTS OF PETTY SESSIONS. 1 May. 17 24 19 15 9 27 26 Parish. Court Station. January | February March. 1 April. June. Kingston Kingston Daily-except on Sundays and Public Holidays. Port Royal* 12.26 9.23 9.23 13.27 11.25 8.22 St. Andrew Halfway-Tree 9.23 6.20 6.20 10.24 8.22 5.19 Stony Hill 4.18 8.22 8.22 12.26 10.31 14.28 Gordon Town 7.21 4.18 4.18 8.22 6.20 3.17 Guava Ridge 14.28 11.25 11.25 15.29 13.27 10.24 Bull Bay 11 15 19 21 St. Thomas Morant Bay Every Wednesday unless it be a Public Holiday Bath 5.19 2.16 2.16.30 | 13.27 11.25 8.22 Easington 13 10 10 Trinity Ville 24 21 Woburn Lawn 13 Portland Port Antonio 3.10.17.24.31 7.14.21.28 7.14.21.28 4.11.18.25 2.9.16.23.30 / 6.13.20.27 Buff Bay 5.19 2.16 2.16 6.20 4.18 1.15 Hope Bay 12 13 11 Manchioneal 24 24 28 30 St. Mary Port Maria Every Wednesday in the year except the 15 February, 24 May, 7 Jun e, and 27 Dec. Annotto Bay 5.19 2.16 2.23 6.20 4.18 8.22 Richmond 17.31 14.28 7.21 4.18 2.16 6.20 Retreat 10 12 Lucky Hill 10 14 13 St. Ann St. Ann's Bay 11.25 8.22 8.22.29 12.26 10.17.31 21.28 Brown's Town 6.20 3.17 3.17 5.19 2.16.30 Moneague Ocho Rios 10 11 13 Trelawny Falmouth 4.11.18.25 1.8.22 1.8.15.22.29 5.12.19.26 3.10.31 14.21.28 Hampshire 9.23 6.20 6.20 17 1.15.29 12.26 Duncans 17.31 14.28 14.28 11.25 9.23 6.20 Ulster Spring 24 16 27 St. James Adelphi 17 12 Montego Bay 5.19.26 2.9.23 2.9.23.30 6.20.27 4.18.25 1.8.22.29 Montpelier 28 27 24 Spring Mount 21 26 23 Hanover Lucea 5.12.19.26 2.9.16.23 2.9.16.23.30 6.13.20.27 4.11.18.25 1.8.15.22.28 Green Island 25 22 19 17 Miles Town 10 Sandy Bay 27 24 21 19 * The Assistant Resident Magistrate will attend this Court. A Clerk from the Head Office will attend at Port Royal on the first, second third and fourth Thursday in each month for the purpose of issuing Process. 13 11 7.21 18 14 14 21 21 18 13 17 14 16 25 22 27 24 22 21 18. 14 15 12 14 24 23 254 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA, COURTS OF PETTY SESSIONS, continued. 22 20 28 17 11 14 9 5.19 14 12 9 14 24 9.23 Parish. Court Station. July. August. September. October. November December. Kingston Kingston Daily-except on Sundays and Public Holidays, Port Royal* 6.27 10.24 7.28 12.26 16.30 14.28 St. Andrew Halfway-Tree 3.17 7.21 4.18 2.16 6.20 4.18 Stony Hill 12.26 16.30 13.27 11.25 15.29 13 Gordon Town 1.15 5.19 2.16 7.21 4.18 2.16 Guava Ridge 8.22 12.26 9.23 14.28 11.25 9.23 Bull Bay 19 23 20 18 St. Thomas Morant Bay Every Wednesday unless it be a Public Holiday. Bath 6.20 3.17.31 14.28 12.26 9.23 7.21 Easington 14 Trinity Ville 25 22 20 15 Woburn Lawn 8 16 Portland Port Antonio 4.11.18.25 1.8.15.22.29 5.12.19.26 3.10.17.24.31 7.14.21.28 15.12.19.26 Buff Bay 6.20 3.17 7.21 2.16 7.21 Hope Bay 13 10 Manchioneal 28 25 29 27 29 St. Mary Port Maria Every Wednesday in the year except the 15 February, 24 May, 7 June, and 27 Dec. Annotto Bay 6.20 3.17 7.21 5.19 7.21 Richmond 4.18 1.15 5.19 3.17 7.21 5.19 Retreat 10 13 11 Lucky Hill 12 14 12 St. Ann St. Ann's Bay 12.26 9.23.30 13.27 11.25 8.22.29 13.20 Brown's Town 7.21 4.18 1.15.29 6.20 3.17 1.15.29 Moneague 1 Ocho Rios 11 12 !0 14 12 Trelawny Falmouth 5.12.19.26 2.9.16.23.30 6.13.20.27 4.11.18.25 1.8.15.22.29 6.13.20 Hampshire 10.24 7.21 4.18 2.16.30 13.27 11 Duncans 4.18 1.15.29 12.26 10.24 7.21 5.19 Ulster Spring 22 17 28 12 St. James Adelphi 14 13 17 Montego Bay 6.20.27 3.10.24.31 7.21.28 5.19.26 2 .23.3 7.21.28 Montpelier 22 26 23 28 Spring Mount 21 25 24 22 Hanover Lucea 6.13.20.27 3.10.17.24.31 7.14.21.28 5.12.19.25 2.9.16.23.30 7.14.21.28 Green Island 19 18 20 Miles Town 11 15 13 Sandy Bay 20 24 * The Assistant Resident Magistrate will attend this Court. A Clerk from the Head Office will attend at Port Royal on the first, second, third and fourth Thursday in each month for the purpose of issuing Procese. 11 11 10 5 8 25 19 15 18 15 23 27 20 22 12 12 22 COURTS OF PETTY SESSIONS. 255 COURTS OF PETTY SESSIONS, continued. Parish Court Station. January. February. March. April. May. June. Westmoreland 3.10.17.24.31 7.14.21.28 7.14.21.28 29 4.11.18.25 2.9.16.23.30 6.13.20.27 Sav.-la-Mar Whithorn Morgan's Bridge Little London Bethel Town Darliston Bluefields 30 18 St. Elizabeth 12.24 16.28 13.25 11.23 15.27 2 Black River Cbeltenham Lacovia Roseberry Santa Cruz Balaclava 16.28 2 11 14 11 15 23 13 18 19 20 ខ្ញុំ A # Manchester 6.13.20.27 3.10.17 .24 3.10.17.24 7.14.21 ..28 5.12.19.26 | 2.9.16.23.30 Mandeville Porus Lincoln The Cottage Wigton La 13 Clarendon 8.22 May Pen Chapelton Alley Rest 11.25 17.31 6.27 26 14.28 3.24 23 8.22 14.28 10.24 23 12.26 11.25 7.28 27 10.31 9.23 5.26 25 14.28 13.27 9.30 29 St. Catherine Spanish Town Linstead Old Harbour Aylmers (3.10.17.24.31 4.11.18.25 1 5.19 7.14.21.28 1 .8.22 2.16 7.14.21.28 | 1.8.15.22.29 2.16.30 27 4.11.18.25 5.12.19.26 13.27 24 | 2.9.16.23.30 3.10.17.31 11.25 22 6.13.20.27 14.21.28 1.15.29 26 23 27 256 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. COURTS OF PETTY BESBIONS, continued. Parish. Court Station. July. August. September October November December. Westmoreland 4.11.18.25 | 1.8.15.22.29 5.12.19.26 27 3.10.17.24.31 7.14.21.28 30 27 | 5.12.19.26 22 Sav.-la-Mar Whitborn Morgan's Bridge Little London Speculation Darliston Bluefields 28 13 13 St. Elizabeth 13.25 10.22 12. 24 16.28 14.28 12 14 . Black River Cheltenham Lacovia Roseberry Santa Cruz Balaclava 11 Manchester 7.14.21.28 4.11.18.25 3.10.17.24 19 1.8.16 Mandeville Porus Lincoln The Cottage Wigton Door 10 14 12 Clarendon May Pen Chapelton Alley Rest 12.26 11.25 7.28 27 16.30 16.29 4.25 24 13.27 12.26 8.29 28 11.25 10.24 6.27 26 15.29 14.28 3.24 23 6.20 5.19 8.22 21 St. Catherine . Spanish Town Linstead Old Harbour Aylmers 4.11.18.25 6.12.19.26 13.27 | 1.8.16.22.29 2.9.16.23.30 10.24 5.12.19.26 6.13.20.27 7.21 25 13.10.17.24.31 7.14.21.28 | 4.11.18.25 | 1.8.16.22.29 5.19 2,16.30 27 5.12.19 6.13.20.27 14.28 24 23 THE MAGISTRACY. 257 THE MAGISTRACY. Name. Address. Name. Address. 63 KINGSTON. KINGSTON, continued. Custos. J. W. Whitbourne Kingston L. P. Branday Hon. Charles James Kingston Major L. W. Parsons* Ward, c.M.G. Thomas M. Martin . Kingston Resident Magistrate. Arthur H. Pinnock Lt. Col. W. H. Spaight, N. Nathan R.E.* Justices. Dr. James Neish Port Royal William Samuel Paine. Commodore R. M. Lloyd, R.N.* Dr. James Scott, M.R.C.S., Colonel F. B.P. White Up-Park Camp Eng. Dr. James Ogilvie Kingston Stephen Weise Mais . Halfway-Tree Joseph Lockwood Win- Richard Hitchins Kingston gate Charles Levy Blue Mountain Valley E. A. H. Haggart Peter Blaize Desnoes. William Lee Kingston Charles DeMercado . George Solomon Joseph Lewis Ashen- Louis Verley heim Daniel Finzi Archibald Munro William Malabre Major F. P. Washing- | Up-Park Camp Altamont DeCordova*. New York ton, R.E. Henry Delgado Kingston | Roger Swire Haughton Kingston Thomas Francis Rox Claremont Thomas Norman Cripps burgh August Winter George Henderson . Gordon Town Alexander Turnbull* . London ST. ANDREW. Francis Belinfante Lyons Kingston Alfred DaCosta* Custos. James Chapman Melville Gayle Hon. George Stiebel, Aalfway-T, William Thomas Jami- Falmouth C.M.G. son Simon Soutar Kingston Resident Magistrate. David Palmer Ross,* | Sierra Leone A. L, Vendryes M.D., C.M.a. Oscar Marescaux Kingston Justices. Capt. K. H. A. Main- Stephen Weise Mais . ! waring, R.N. Thomas Harrison Kingston Capt. George E. Parkes*| W. S. Paine Eugene Finzi · Kingston John McLean Cold Spring John C. Fegan Louis Verley Kingston Thomas Laurence Rox- William Malabre burgh Charles Levy Blue Mountain Albert H. Jones Valley Hon. George Stiebel, Halfway-Tree James Chapman Mel- Gayle C.M.G. ville Thos. Charlton Thomp- Morant Bay Augustus Miles* son George Henderson . Gordon Town Hon. V. G. Bell , Kingston Duncan Archibald Capt. W. P. Forwood. Campbell ее 66 * Off the Island, 258 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. Name. Address. Name. Address. R.E.* ley ST. ANDREW, continued. ST. THOMAS, continued. Richard McEnery Gordon Town T. C. D. Thompson . | Morant Bay Hon. John Thomas Or- | Kingston Arthur C. James Port Morant rett G. H. Weitzmann* . Oscar Marescaux " W. W. McGowan John Casserly . Gordon Town | John McFarlane Trinity Ville John Charles Macglashan Kingston John A. Stephens Hagley Gap William Stone Richards William S. Richards. Old Harbour Simon Soutar Kingston David John Davis . Spanish Town John Davidson Halfway Tree J, S. Marchalleck Morant Bay William Eloin Sant . Kingston E. G. Kerridge John Hollingsworth* . I. J. Mordecai Frederick D. Marshall . | Capt. G. G. Taylor | Hagley Gap Major L. W. Parsons, Capt. William Stewart, | Blue Mtn. Val- R.N.R. Arthur Warmington Stony Hill Charles Hope Levy Lt.-Col. W. H. Spaight, Harry McCrea Chapelton R.E.* W. H. Carter . P. G. River A. M. Nathan Kingston A. E. Hollis Bath W. R. MacPherson J. Watson Taylor* A. H. Pinnock H. M. R. Crichton.* . A. M. Robinson E. E Prichard Yallahs J. L. Verley J. P. Provan Trinity Ville Hon. Chas. J. Ward, C.M.G. PORTLAND. A. Linton Stony Hill Resident Magistrate. Colonel R. W. Dalgety* Major F. P. Washington, Up-Park Camp H. A. Perry R.E. Justices. Major Frederick How- John T. Wigham . Halfway-Tree ard, R.A.* Hon. George Solomon. Kingston Colonel F. B. P. White | Up-Park Camp Peter Burke . Port Antonio Alexander A. Akin i Kingston ST. THOMAS. James Manahan Buff Bay Resident Magistrate. Walter George Ramsay Linstead George Ffrench J. T. Musson Kingston Charles Rampini* E. G. Farquharson Mile Gully James Harrison (Senior | P. G. River Geo. Wm. Middleton . | Buff Bay Resident Justice) Sutton Scoltock Manchioneal W. C. Miller | Rose B. Robinson Port Maria Samuel Shortridge* Bernard C. Orgill Kingston John Davidson Halfway-Tree Morgan N. Jones Manchioneal W. T. Jamison Falmouth Janies Alex. Small Halfway-Tree Dr. J. S. Gerrard Morant Bay James Malcolm Facey. Kingston W. C. Porter Blue Mtn. Val- Thomas G. D. Brough- ton Capt. K. H. d. Mainwar- Kingston Dowell O'Reilly Port Antonio ing, R.N. Robert Elworthy Priestman's Richard McEnery Gordon Town River J. C. Melville Gayle James Francis Cold Spring R. S. Haughton Kingston Augustus A. Lindo* . John Wallace Halfway-Tree | Harry Kemble | Kingston * Off the Island. Justices. ley THE MAGISTRACY. 259 Name. Address. Name. Address. PORTLAND, continued. ST. MARY, continued. Lionel A. Isaacs Mandeville Albert Edward Silvera. Gayle P. A. Moodie Port Antonio Robert P. Simmonds. Port Maria John Alexander Hen- | Manchioneal Charles Low Walker. Walker's Wood shelwood Victor E. Silvera . Oracabessa Frederick A, Jenoure . | Aug. Fred. Guy Ellis . | Annotto Bay River 66 60 Henry Attride Port Antonio ST. ANN. Edward Sutherland . Kingston Resident Magistrate. Robert Russell . Hope Bay I. R. Reece Pedro David S. Gideon Port Antonio Justices. Findlater Roper Moneague ST. MARY, George Robinson Pedro Thomas Beecher Scott. Ocho Rios Custos. Stephen W. Mais Halfway-Tree Hon. John Pringle, M.B. Annotto Bay Charles W. Steer Claremont Joseph Shearer Duncans Resident Magistrate. Thomas F. Roxburgh . Claremont John V. Leach Port Maria Louis Townend Laughlands Hon. Joseph H. Levy . Brown's Town Justices. George McGrath Ewarton Henry Cooke Kingston H. A. L. Conran Walker's Wood Alexander J. Lindo Port Maria J. O. Lewis St. Ann's Bay Gilbert A. McLean David Carvalho Halfway Tree Frederick H. Barker. Retreat David Archer Cave Valley Henry Braham Annotto Bay | Adam W. Anderson John Augustus Wegg, Spanish Town Richard Todd Rio Bueno M.D., Charles L. Walker . Ocho Rios N. S. Henriques* William Conran John Sinclair . Spanish Town Thomas W. Miller Cave Valley Rose Bigham Robinson | Port Maria William Vincent Town- Thomas G. D.Broughtop Buff Bay end* Edward Pigou Kingston Adam Roxburgh Walker's Wood J. T. Cartwright* . Arthur W. Douet Claremont T. B. Scott Ocho Rios Edmund Brown Ste Dry Harbour Henry S. Westmorland. Richmond phenson Alex. C. McGregor . Fred. Benjn. Sturridge Moneague John B. Goffe Port Maria | Arthur Dingwall Caden- Ocho Rios Richard Lucien Benbow Annotto Bay head David Robert Clemetson Port Maria Robert Leycester Young Brown's Town George Henry Moodie . Buff Bay William Cover, jnr. . Henry Tracy Phillpotts* Alfred N. Dixon St. Ann's Bay Theophilus C. Dixon . Retreat Alexander Lake Montego Bay Abraham R. DaCosta . | Port Maria Edward Pratt St. Ann's Bay Henry James Rudolf. Hampstead A. J. Hopwood Brown's Town James G. Cohen A. J. Webb Laughlands James Dougall St. Margaret's H. Brown Pedro Bay A. C. C. Colthirst Ocho Rios Edward E. C. Hosack .1 Chas. Costa Brown's Town William M. Kelly Pear Tree Chas. Orrett Grove Wm. S. Groves Ocho Rios Frederick Ross Sandford Annotto Bay H. W. Weyrauch Edgar Croughton Stile- S. Isaacs St. Ann's Bay man* Dr. W. H. Miller : Brown's Town * Off the Island, 260 HANDBOOK OP JAMAICA. Name. Address. Name. Address. ans TRELAWNY. ST. JAMES, continued. Custos. William Dewar . Duncans Henry Goodall Hon. James Wauchope Stewart Town Adelphi Henry Kynaston Groves Fisher Jacob Jackson Flint River Resident Magistrate. James Scott, M.R.C.S., Kingston A. B. Dignum Falmouth Eng. Justices. Alexander Rerrie . Montego Bay Hon. William Kerr Falmouth Jacob Samah Corinaldi Maxwell Hall Lucea Leicester Colville Shirley John E. Kerr Montego Bay Richard Bruford Alley Falmouth Walter Ogilvy Frederick Gilchrist An- Duncans Charles W. Stirling* . derson Philip A. Hart Little River George Robertson Montego Bay . George Robertson . Little River Walter Ogilvy Duncans William L. Kerr Charles R. Sivewright . Montego Bay llampden Edward Fray* John R. Scarlett Ewarton John William H. Parkin Montego Bay George Dewar Duncans Dutton Trench Anchory Martin Sorzano Strick Flint River Charles R. Sivewright. | Montego Bay land G. P. Corinaldi Joseph Shearer Duncans Herbert Jarrett Kerr . Falmouth Beresford Smiley Gos- Hagley Gap sett Archibald C. Houchen. Hampden Frederick W. Taylor . Chester Castle William Louis Kerr . Falmouth Robert Shedden Good-Copse Henry Carvalho rich Alexander B. Gentles. J. M. Mills William D. Hill Montego Bay C. D. Whittingham Henry S. Hoskins . Clark's Town . A. C. Houchen : Adelphi John Henry Bruch Falmouth James Keith Fisher. Montego Bay John Hibgame Clerk Lionel Pengelly Kerr . Alexander Lake Montego Bay Samuel Hart A. Townend Falmouth Alfred L. Delgado John Coke Farquharson Adelphi J. R. T. Main HANOVER. T. M. de Pass Abraham Morales Resident Magistrate. Chas. A. Nunes W.P. Clark Lucea Joseph Shore H. E. Rueben Justices. James Bain Stewart Town Francis Dod (Senior Green Island John H. Hall Ulster Spring | Resident Justice) DeBoniot Spencer Ramble ST. JAMES. Heaven Custos. Henry Davis Lucea Hon. William Kerr . Falmouth George Malcolm . Jacob Jackson Copse Resident Magistrate. John William Parkin . Montego Bay Maxwell Hall . Montego Bay Charles Montague Phil-Port Antonio Justices. lips Findlater Roper Moneague Robert Henry Robert- Ramble John William Parkin . | Montego Bay son George Ricketts Phil- William Dewar Duncans lipps* Richard Evans Sav.-la-Mar # of the Island, THE MAGISTRACY. 261 Name. Address. Name. Address. HANOVER, continued. WESTMORELAND, contd. Alexander Emanuel Da- Lucea Charles Benjamin Vick- Bluefields vis ers Simon Cridland Ramble Thomas Cridland , Ramble Arthur Watson-Taylor. | Narcisse Soulange Sava- Sav. la-Mar John Rigg riau Delaval Pulloch Mudie. | Lucea Frank Bastian Beresford S. Gossett. Hagley Gap John Hudson Little London John W. Edwards Ramble Robert Henry Robert Ramble Adolphus Harold Lucea son Browne Thomas Stewart Mc. Whitehouse Robert Watson Green Island | Neil John H. Clerk Falmouth Samuel Halton Morris Sav.-la-Mar Frederick Wilmot Tay- | Chester Castle John Coke Farquhar- lor son Charles D. Wittingham Montego Bay | John W. Edwards . Ramble Lewis Grant Green Island | Charles C. Plunkett Adulphi Frank John Constable Lucea James M. Farquharson Sav.-la-Mar Curtis* Walter H. Farquharson Little London Martin Sorzano Strick- Flint River Andrew S. Aguilar . Sav.-la-Mar land John W. H. Sanftleben Lucea ST. ELIZABETH. John Watson-Taylor* . Charles H. N. Ringer* . Custos. Hon. William Harriott | Black River WESTMORELAND. Coke Custos. Resident Magistrate. Hon. William Ewen Grange Hill W. Brandford Griffith . Malvern Resident Magistrate. Justices. R. A. Walcott Kingston (pro. Lionel Isaacs* tem.) William Neilson Far- Sav.-la-Mar Justices. quharson David King Whitehouse Arthur Beswick | Lacovia Charles Millward Gifford New Market Stephen Charles Peyna- Black River William Neilson Far- Sav.-la-Mar do quharson John William Earle . Alexander Rerrie Montego Bay Charles Earle Isaacs* . Edward John Sadler . Sav.-la-Mar Francis Salmon Max- Santa Cruz Dr. Octavius Charles well Harvey Hon, J. M. Farquhar- « Joseph Swaby Segré . son Zachary Jones John Edward Kerr Montego Bay Hugh Anthony Vickers Alexander George Mc- Edward M. Earle Spanish Town Catty Hon. Charles S. Farqu- Sav. la-Mar William Hill Siloah harson Charles Gordon Farqu- Black River W. Y. Garsia Kingston harson Conrad Pile Bovell . Darliston John Vassall Calder. Santa Cruz Dr. William Augustus Walter Henry Farqu- | Little London Nicol* harson John Williamson Men- Darliston Charles Walter Trelea- Balaclava nell ven Robert McFarlane Bethel Town | Henry Phillips Maxwell | Santa Cruz * Off the Island. 262 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. Name. Address. Name. Address. Alley bices. ST. ELIZABETH, contd. CLARENDON. | Resident Magistrate. John Cooper Black River Walter H. Allport . | Newmarket James Allwood . May Pen C. F. Pengelley Balaclava H. J. Lewis Black River Justices. T. P. Leyden George Turland (Senior Geo. R. Smith Malvern Resident Justice) E. T. Forrest Black River Henry Cook Kingston Alexander James Mel- Chapelton ville Hon. George Solomon. Kingston MANCHESTER. William Harty Chapelton Custos. Thomas Ellis Hayes Hon. John Powell Clark Shooter's Hill | Hon.J.M. Farquharson Santa Cruz John McGregor . Resident Magistrate. Ernest Charles Elliott Edward Vickers . Mandeville Thomas Abrahams | Chapelton George Abrahams | May Pen Justices. John Christie Foulds * Hon. Robert Craig . Chapelton Alexander Woodburn Shooter's Hill Isaac R. Latreille Kingston Heron George A. Douet Four Paths Lionel Isaacs* Ernest ff. Mullen* Alexander Napier . Spur Tree H. T. Ronaldson Milk River George Sturridge Mandeville Quentin Logan Four Paths Michael Easton Muir- Arthur James Port Morant Wallace Wood Mc Joseph Stewart Newport Spanish Town Gowan Edward G. Farquharson Mile Gully Robert Charles Gibb. Alley Thomas Glanvill J. H. Clark Shooter's Hill Samuel T. Scharschmidt Spanish Town Richard Miles Chapelton Newport Sidney Moxsy . George Murray Bluefield Angus Kennedy Hayes Isaac Fox Francis H. Bonitto . Alley Mandeville James Elliott Hayes George Augustus Douet Four Paths R. H. Robertson Ramble Alley George Muirhead Quentin Logan William C. Chandler . Frankfield Four Paths Thomas Miller Cave Valley Edward Francis Coke . Mile Gully Alfred Pawsey Kingston David Walker 6 | Tatham Farquharson. | Four Paths Daniel Abraham Mandeville Mandeville Lionel A. Isaacs Arthur Clark S. A. Shaw Alligator Pond Walter Wilson Wynne Mandeville ST. CATHERINE. Louis Mickle Asia Custos. H. Braham Porus Hon. Thomas Lloyd Spanish Town John Henry Clark . Shooter's Hill Harvey Arthur Farquharson Resident Magistrate. Clark W. H. Hyndman Jones Carré John Georges . Porus Robert Burton Parker. | Mile Gully Justices. George Hubert Galway Mandeville Stephen Weise Mais . Halfway-Tree Sturridge Hon. James C. Phil. Kingston Hon. Chas. S. Farquhar Sav.-la-Mar & lippo, M.D. . son | Mandeville | Hiam Barrow Kingston head * of the Island. BANKRUPTCY. 263 Name. Address. Name. Address. des ST. CATHERINE, contd. ST. CATHERINE, contd. Louis Verley Kingston Jasper Cargill, M.D. Halfway-Tree I. H. DeSouza Linstead Albert Delgado Kingston Ernest Henry Morrice | Kingston George Henderson Gordon Town Charles E. Gunter | Francis R. Hall Linstead William Malabre James Falconer David Haddington Men- Old Harbour George Abrahams James Ryley . | Spanish Town | Reginald E. H. Melhado John R. Scarlett Ewarton Henry L. Isaacs William Climie* E. Cole Kingston James Richmond Spanish Town G. C. Lindo Old Harbour Arthur W. Douet Claremont Francis G. Bather Spanish Town Septimus Feurtado Spanish Town J. H. McPhail Bog Walk Charles E. Barrow Kingston L. D. H. Russell Spanish Town George McGrath Ewarton S. C. Tilley Dugald Campbell Linstead St. Leger A. G. Tivy. Linstead Ralph H. B. Hotchkin . Kingston W. Gyles ADMINISTRATOR-GENERAL'S OFFICE. The want of a duly authorized Officer to take charge of the property of persons who die either intestate, or without leaving Executors who will act, having for a consider- able time pressed itself on the consideration of the Government a law was passed in 1873, Law 34 of 1873, for the appointment of an Administrator-General. Under this law the Administrator-General is bound to administer on the estates, of which the per- sonalty amounts to £50 and upwards, of persons (1) who die intestate without leaving a widower, widow, brother, sister or any lineal ancestor or descendant, or leaving such relative, if no such relative shall take out letters of administration within three months or such other time as may be fixed by the Court ; (2) who die leaving a will but leaving no Executor, or no Executor who will act, if no such relative as aforesaid of such deceased shall take out letters of administration within the same period. He may administer on the estate of any person who shall appoint him the sole Executor of his will, but he cannot act as a Co-Executor with any other person. The Adminis- trator-General may be appointed Trustee of any real or personal property in the same way that any other person might be appointed. He may also be appointed Guardian of any Infant, Committee of any Lunatic or Idiot, and Receiver in Chancery. The Administrator-General is subject to the immediate control of the Supreme Court of Judicature, he being an Officer of that Court and accountable to it for the due and efficient discharge of his duties. He is paid a salary of £300 per annum and receives six per cent. on disbursements. He defrays all the expenses of his office, including the salaries of his Clerks, out of these emoluments. In 1891 the Administrator General obtained Letters of Administration in 4 estates of intestates and proved one will where the executrix renounced. The estates of three natives who died in Nicaragua were sent to him to be dealt with On 31st De- cember, 1891, he was Guardian of 9 infants and their estates, Committee of one lunatic, Trustee of seven estates and Trustee and Receiver of three Chancery suits. The accounts of the Administrator-General are audited in the Audit Office and are passed half-yearly by the Supreme Court. BANKRUPTCY. THE Bankruptcy Law of 1879 declares that the Administrator-General for the time being shall be ex officio the Trustee in Bankruptcy, and it places the administration of # Off the Island. JUDICIAL STATISTICS. 265 JUDICIAL STATISTICS. . CIVIL. (In Supreme Court.) WRITS ISSUED. 1890. 1891. 1892. No. of writs issued, Common No. of writs issued, Common No. of writs issued, Common Law 83 Law 191 Law .. No. of writs issued, Equity Powito 13 No. of writs issued, Equity 15 No. of writs issued, Equity 10 Total No. issued 96 Total No. issued 206 Total No. issued 104 DEFAULT JUDGMENTS. 1890. 1891. 1892. 21 Default Judgments 63 Default Judgments 44 Default Judgments amounting to amounting to amounting to Damages £3,473 17 0 Damages £17,272 17 6 Damages £4,786 18 10 Costs 161 17 9 Costs 456 0 3 Costs 320 14 3 Total. 3,635 14 9 Total 17,728 17 9 Total. 5,107 13 1 CONTESTED CAUSES. 1890. 1891. 1892. 15 Contested Causes !2 Contested Causes 18 Contested Causes amounting to- amounting to- amounting to- Damages £1,582 5 6 Damages £2,274 3 6 Damages £3,481 17 10 Costs 726 16 3 Costs 658 13 6 Costs 1,039 40 Total 2,309 1 9 Total 2,932 17 0 Total 4,521 1 10 SATISFACTIONS. 1890, 1891. 1892. 7 Satisfactions of Judg. 3 Satisfactions of Judg. 10 Satisfactions of Judge ments entered ments entered ments entered amounting to- amounting to- amounting to- Damages £760 15 4 Damages £2,297 5 1 Damages £971 97 Costs 305 11 7 Costs 480 11 6 Costs 746 18 4 Total 1,066 6 11 Total 2,777 16 7 Total 1,718 7 11 EQUITY. (In Supreme Court.) NO. OF SUITS FILED AND THEIR RESULTS. No. 1 Object. Result. 1890. To have real and personal estate ad Suit pending. ministered For specific performance of contract - | Decree as prayed. For specific performance of contract · Suit pending. For specific performance of contract - Decree as prayed. To set aside deed, &c. Suit pending. To set aside deed, &c. Decree as prayed. Damages for obstructing River and for Suit pending. an Injunction For an account, &c. Suit pending. For an account, &c. Suit pending. Monies due by deceased Estate, &c. - Suit pending. To administer real Estate Decree as prayed. To have trusts of deed established . Suit discontinued. To set aside deed, &c. | Suit pending. 1891. To set aside deed and for an account - Decree as prayed. For partition and sale Pending. For sale of property and distribution Decree as prayed. of proceeds To have deed rectified Discontinued. To establish title Suit heard. Judgment for defendant, For an account - Pending. For goods sold, &c. Pending. For payment of money due and for spe. cific performance of contract For partition and sale Pending To have estate administered Pending. For specific performance Pending. To set aside deed Pending. Damages for waste, &c. Pending. Breaches of trust Pending. 15 To set aside deed | Pending. Pending. ooooo ovosti UNS 266 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. EQUITY, continued. NO. OF SUITS FILED AND THEIR RESULTS. Object. Result. 1892, 1 Pending. Pending. Pending. For a declaration not to be compelled to sell certain parts of Estate, and for an Injunction For payment of arrears of annuity, &c.- To have real and personal Estate ad. ministered To have Probate of Will revoked . To set aside Settlement As second mortgage for a sale or fore- closure. 1 For specific performances, &c. | To establish Title, &c. To carry into execution the trusts of a Deed For recovery of unpaid purchase money and for an Injunction. Pending. Pending. Pending. Pending. Pending. Pending. Pending. PROBATE AND ADMINISTRATION. 1890. Personalty sworn at No. Personalty sworn at No. Personalty sworn at £2 732 29,000 260 5,500 1,365 50 200 0 0 0 0 0 0 £6 0 0 1,025 0 0 50 0 0 76 17 0 400 0 0 590 0 25 0 8,033 7 5 0 1,500 0 0 21 0 0 340 0 0 475 0 0 275 00 0 200 0 2000 6000 400 0 57 00000-0000000000000 0000000 £5000 112 0 0 5 0 0 1,322 0 0 381 0 0 30 0 0 5 0 0 37 4 10 50 0 0 800 0 0 250 0 0 9 0 0 300 200 0 50 00 170 0 0 1,350 0 250 0 716 17 0 110 0 500 50 0 25 0 292 0 0 960 0 0 16 14 4 540 0 0 20 00 200 0 0 2000 600 0 0 50 0 0 100 0 0 173 0 0 175 00 460 0 50 250 0 5 0 120 0 395 0 3,900 366 0 0 130 00 230 0 0 235 0 250 0 200 0 0 400 0 0 50 0 0 Total £68,734 17 5 # No personalty. JUDICIAL Statistics. 267 PROBATE AND ADMINISTRATION, continued. 1891. No. Personalty sworn at No. No. £440 00 98 0 0 245 0 0 110 00 700 0 700 0 1,200 0 170 00 200 Personalty sworn at £50 0 0 35000 200 0 0 20 0 20 0 0 4,800 100 220 95 1,100 0 0 0 0 400 0 450 0 10 0 50 0 95 0 1,342 0 170 0 1,405 300 20 0000000000000000000000000000 Personalty sword at $700 0 0 400 0 0 34 0 0 200 0 2,050 0 1,000 627 60 164 580 0 12) 300 12,000 0 400 00 2,200 0 0 200 0 180 0 0 500 1,542 0 0 2,025 0 170 0 100 1,817 100 00 2,000 0 0 1,250 0 0 300 0 0 50 0 0 0 0 0 34 150 00000 500000000000005000000 50 190 600 0 103 0 225 0 300 0 1,100 0 200 0 0 300 0 0 400 0 0 5° 0 0 130 O O 700 0 0 2,500 0 0 300 0 0 130 0 0 Total £53,285 12 10 1892. No. Personalty sworn at No. Personalty sworn at No. Personalty sworn at £550 00 50 0 0 375 0 0 18 0 0 25 0 50 0 59 4,100 120 250 50 0 0 300 0 0 300 0 0 50 0 0 330 0 678 10 0 200 0 11,000 0 0 000000000000000 000000000000000000 £66 00 120 00 298 0 0 3,468 0 0 5,000 0 0 500 0 0 30 0 0 70 0 0. 465 0 25,000 0 £400 0 0 282 0 3 20 00 70 00 125 0 25,000 0 75 00 6,500 0 0 260 0 50 0 675 0 50 0 251 0 0 560 0 700 0 0 200 0 0 100 00 374 0 0 15 00000000000000 150 0 Total £86,130 10 3 82 268 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. ADMIRALTY. Date of commencement of Proceedings. Ship. Cause of Action. Result. 1891. March 10 Midlothian Damages for wrongful in- Claim satisfied and ship jury to ship and wharf. released. DIVORCE. Date of filing Petition. Grounds of Application for Divorce or for Judicial separation. Result. 1889. April 18 July 13 " 31 October 15 Adultery Adultery Adultery Adultery Adultery Decree nisi for dissolution of marriage. Decree nisi for dissolution of marriage. Pending. Pending Decree nisi for dissolution of marriage. 21 1890. Cruelty Adultery and desertion Adultery and desertion Cruelty Adultery and desertion Adultery and desertion Adultery and desertion Adultery and desertion Suit Pending. Decree absolute for Divorce Decree nisi for dissolution of marriage. Suit Pending. Decree nisi for dissolution of marriage, Petition dismissed. Decree nisi for dissolution of marriage. Decree nisi for dissolution of marriage. February 25 16 26 March 5 April 10 May 16 June 13 August 13 October 31 1891. April 2 July 6 August 24 November 24 1892. April 16 May 21 August 30 Adultery Adultery Adultery Deset tion and Adultery Decree nisi for divorce. Decree nisi for divorce. Decree nisi for divorce. Pending. Adultery and desertion Pending Adultery Decree nisi. Adultery Pending. INDICTMENTS IN THE SUPERIOR COURTS. Results. Manslaughter. Attempt at Murder. | Concealment of Birth. ce Rape. I ! Unnatural Offences. | Other offences against the Person, | Malicious injury to Property. Robbery with Vio- lence. Murder. Other offences against Property. Prædial Larceny. | Miscellancous Offences. Total. 7041 Convicted Acquitted Abandoned for want of prosecution meros 301 16 230 18 791 1,026 SS83,453 356 528 200 1,426 111 148 | 318833 3 1,258 1,702 1306 5,712 Total 11 5 1 3 26 12 1235 47 CRIMINAL. SUMMARY OF APPREHENSIONS, ACQUITTALS AND CONVICTIONS. Remanets. Year. No. of Per- sons arrested on view and on warrant. No. of Persons | No. of Per- No. of Per- discharged sons acquitted sons con- on prelimi. after trial. victed. nary enquiry. No. of Per- sons sum- moned. 4,387 3,880 3,674 1883 1884 1885 1886 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 1892 341 220 222 283 316 186 145 179 189 155 6,627 5,948 6,327 7,122 6,830 6,789 7,526 6,752 8,025 8,111 10,983 11,178 11,357 11,237 12,351 13,708 13,864 14,280 16,667 17,466 3,960 4,688 3,689 4,057 4,442 4,309 4,822 4,608 4,635 5,053 4,736 4,127 3,720 3,791 3,258 3,782 3,511 8,838 8,621 8,845 9,658 10,533 9,180 9,148 8,858 10,882 11,112 CRIMINAL STATISTICS. 269 OFFENCES, APPREHENSIONS, CONVICTIONS AND ACQUITTALS. Offences. 1883. 1884. 1885. 1886. 1887. 1888. 1889. 1890. 1891. 1892, The aumber of offences reported to the police - 1,627 1,085 1,061 1,041 1,064 1,151 1,981 2,344 2,401 2,968 The number of persons apprehended by the police or summoned before the magistrates, including remanets - 117,951 17,346 17,906 18,642 19,497 20,688 21,535 21,390 24,88125,732 The number of summary convictions :- 1. For offences against the person - 1,492 1,534 1,429 1,334 1,504 1,959 1,871 1,838 2,318 2,526 2. For prædial larceny 3. For offences against property other than prædial larceny - 695 532 659 903 835 685 699 610 606 662 4. For other offences 4,261 4,536 4,690 4,985 5,780 6,536 6,578 6,410 7,958 7,924 The number of convictions in the Supe- rior Courts :- 1. For offences against the person - 664 727 739 648 507 556 735 2. For prædial larceny 282 253 583 435 333 746 476 791 849 3. For offences against property other than prædial larceny 395 373 433 462 492 942 894 1,039 1,139 4. For other offences 696 641 777 693 776 704 454 704 888 1,190 The number of persons acquitted :- 1. In the Inferior Courts 3,341 3,322 3,586 3,278 2,473 3,720 3,791 3,258 3,782 3,511 2. In the Superior Courts 1,267 1,313 1,467 1,458 1,654 1,218 1,145 1,176 1,426 1,607 5291 PREDIAL LARCENY. Year. Arrests, &c. Discharges and Acquittals. Convictions. Number of Persons sentenced to Corporal Punishment. Total value of Provisions stolen. 1883 837 382 438 i1 % diye 1884 561 272 282 5 5 842 1885 579 305 253 1886 1,114 508 583 050 1887 838 382 435 no 1888 697 353 333 1889 1,289 537 746 TITTON 0 2 143 1890 760 292 476 1891 Nil 1892 1,468 619 849 270 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA, CRIMINAL. CONVICTIONS IN ALL THE COURTS. Convictions in Superior Summary Convictions. Courts. Colony and Offences against Person. Prædial Larceny. Offences against Property other than Prædial Larceny. Other Offences. Year, Prædial Larceny. Offences against Property other than Prædial Larceny. Other Offences. | Offences against Person. Population. | Percentage of Convictions to Population, Grand Total. Total. Total. 532 maica 1882, Barbados - 171,860 2,492 1248 753 4,816 9,309 168 9,477 5.5 British Guiana 252,186 3,472 | 106 1,128 8,988 13,694 83 18 152 13,846 5.5 Trinidad - 153,128 1,772 / 109840 6,683 9,404 41 30 123 9,527 6.2 Jamaica . 580,801 1,493 755 4,671 6,919 645 520 9,265 1.5 1883. Barbados .171,860 2,176 1080 643 3,702 7,601 44 13 129 7,730 4.5 British Guiana 253,145 3,849 | 152 1,018 7,191 12,260 20 147 12,407 4.5 Trinidad - 153,128 1,979 | 117 873 6,163 9,132 114 9,246 6.0 Jamaica - 580,804 1,492 - 695 4,261 6,448 727 2,390 8,838 1.5 1884. Barbados - 171,860 2,651 942 677 4,203 8,473 87 | 8,560 5.0 British Guiana 264,063 3,703 163 1,144 6,607 11,617 180 11,797 6.4 Trinidad - 166,628 1,955 | 118 864 7,255 10,192 152 10,344 6.2 Jamaica - 580,804 1,534 4,535 6,601 2,020 8,621 1.4 1885. Barbados - 171,860 2,848 949) 698 4,049 8,544 64 129 / 8,673 5.0 British Guiana 270,042 2,692 626 1,562 7,550 12,430 264 68 508 12,938 4.8 Trinidad o 171,914 1,476 | 127 973 7,279 9,855 39 120 9,975 5.8 - 580,804 1,429 659 4,690 6,778 664 253 | 8,845 1.5 1886. Barbados 1784 7,856 4.5 British Guiana 274,311 2,611 | 169 1,040 7,425 11,246 268 11,513 4.2 Trinidad - 178,270 1,682 102 990 7,167 9,941 10,048 5.6 Jamaica - 580,804 1,334 903 4,985 7,222 727 2,323 9,545 1.6 1887. Barbados - 180,000 2,266 3,136 6,842 27 | 6,923 3.8 British Guiana 274,311 2,441 284 935 6,099 10,389 243 10,632 3.8 Trinidad - 183,486 1,87) 947 5,990 8,888 85 8,973 4.8 Jamaica 580,804 1,504 835 5,780 8,119 739 462 776 2,412 10,531 1.8 1888. Barbados - 180,000/2,379 | 955 652 3,329 7,315 38 91 7,406 4.1 British Guiana 278,477 2,931 391 936 6,933 11,191 85 329 11,520 4.1 Trinidad - 189,566 1,927 99 948 5,560 8,534 75 11 118 8,652 4.5 Jamaica - 580,804 1,959 685 6,536 9,180 548 704 2,977 11,257 1.8 1889. Barbados - 180,000 2,370 1018 3,480 53 6 96 7,666 4.2 British Guiana 282,066 2,802 5,083 312 | 9,506 3.4 Trinidad 196,172 2,094 | 100 1,203 6,320 9,727 68 - 31 9 108 9,835 5.0 Jamaica - 580,804 1,871 - 699 6,578 8,148 507 454 2,649 10,797 1.9 1890. Barbados - 185,000 2,506 935 3,599 7,781 25 52 17 94 7,875 4.2 British Guiana 284,000 2,603 182 914 8,422 12,121 1 98 196 12,317 4.3 Trinidad 208,752 1,727 125 7,251 10,082 101 105 10,157 4.9 Jamaica - 639,491 1,838 - 610 6,410 8,858 556 476 894 704 2,630 11,488 1.8 1891. Barbados - 182,306 2,487 (1756) 1,077 | 2,971 8,291 36 58 8 102 8,393 4.6 British Guiana 278,393 2,520 383 1,154 | 9,174 13,231/ 101 - 102 27 230 13,461 4.83 Trinidad 200 098 1 914 140 1'099 6583 9.669) 107 26 15 148 9.816 4.8 Jamaica 639,49112,318 -1 606 7,958 10,8821 | 735 79 556 einnig minner en ro' The on 702 61.033 43 741 979 CRIMINAL STATISTICS. 271 The foregoing table exhibits a regrettable increase in Prædial Larceny, and it may be interesting to quote here the following remarks of the Inspector-General of Po- lice on this subject in his Annual Report for the year ended 31st March last :- “ 32. It will therefore be seen that Prædial Larceny is still on the increase-for which various reasons are given. “33. An Inspector in a neighbouring parish, in dealing with this crime and the larceny of small stock, attributes the increase to the demand for poultry and pro- visions during the Exhibition season arising from the influx of persons in and around the parish. Another Inspector, in a country parish, accounts for the in- crease in Prædial Larceny, thus :-(1) to the prolonged drought during the latter part of the year, making all kinds of ground provisions scarce ; (2) to the fact of so many heads of families, at present working on the Railway Extension and new main roads, thus leaving their grounds neglected, uncultivated, and ungnarded ; and (3) to the increased activity of the Rural Police in bringing offenders to jus- tice. This Officer adds that a very large proportion of Prædial Larceny is done by women and children, who are left at home without necessary food by their fami- lies, who are working on the railway lines, &c. ; whilst another Officer, in a remote country parish, states that the increase in the number of cases in Prædial Larceny does not mean an increase in the offence ; but is accounted for by the great facili- ties offered by the Resident Magistrates' Courts, inasmuch that cases are quickly disposed of and that people now realize the immediate help and protection ren- dered them by the Rural Police and at once report cases to them, thereby afford- ing easy and quick detection of the goods and offenders. “ 34. From my observations, &c., on my visits of inspection duty to 13 of the parishes, since my arrival in the Island and assumption of charge of the Jamaica Constabulary, I am inclined in a great measure to support the views expressed by the last two Officers in respect to Prædial Larceny, coupled with the remarks in the latter portion of paragraph 37 of the report for the eighteen months ended the 31st March, 1890, as to the very small precaution taken by owners to secure their crops, and the facilities afforded to dispose of the stolen property." 272 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. PART VII. JAMAICA FINANCES. THE Financial Year ended 31st March, 1892, commenced with a surplus of £243,987, and the revenue realized was £590,611, making together a sum of £834,598. The expenditure, including £29,998 for Sinking Funds and £600 for Redemption of Debt amounted to £639,864, thus leaving at the close of the year a surplus of £194,734. The details of Revenue and Expenditure are contained in the tables on the following pages. The yield of the General Revenue shews a net decrease of £38,341 com- pared with the preceding year and the falling off occurs chiefly in import duties, £46,852, the effect of the McKinley Act and a smaller importation of British advalorem goods; in rum duties £12,742, owing to a lesser con- sumption, which is attributed to the falling off in the trade in exports of fruit and logwood having caused less money to circulate among the la. bouring classes in certain districts ; in export duties £6,033 caused by the repeal of the Laws under which tbese duties were collected. There are increases, however, under some heads of revenue the chief of which are In- terest on Railway Bonds £23,545 ; Reimbursements for expenditure £2,063; and Miscellaneous £3,470. The receipts from appropriated revenues shew a small increase There is a falling off of £5,472 in Parochial Road Revenues, caused by the re- duction of the Land Tax and Quit Rent to the extent of the collections made for the Cadastral Survey Tax ; and in poor rates £1,783, and sanitary rates £1,617 due to ordinary fluctuation and the reduction of rates. It will be observed that the amount collected under Law 17 of 1890, which is specially appropriated to the maintenance of main roads is included under this head and shews an increase of £1,197 over the collections of 1890-91. This, and £6,935 on account of miscellaneous, are the only appreciable in. creases under the head of appropriated revenues. The General Expenditure shews an increase of £39,044. The following are the chief items of increase :- Administrative Departments £5,184, for Public Works and Immigration now charged as public expenditure; postal services, £2,322, for the manu- facture of stamps, post cards and increased payments to the railway com- pany for conveying mails ; judicial £1,190 for expenses of Resident Magis- trates' Courts ; Medical £5,566 for the maintenance of coolies, equipment of hospitals and larger importation of drugs; Constabulary £1,257 for the importation of valise equipment, handcuff cases and great coats; Prisons £1,231 due to the increase of prisoners; Printing Office of £2,852 an addi. tion to the staff and importation of a stereotype machine and a general re- organization of the office ; census £6,148 the amount expended during the year for taking the census. The expenditure from appropriated revenues shew an increase of £9,608. The increases are chiefly on account of surplus fund for parochial municipal objects £2,586 ; for sanitary purposes £1,267 and for maintenance of main roads under the authority of Law 17 of 1890. There have been no loans raised during the year; but £2,526 19s. 4d. of Savings Bank moneys was appropriated for the construction of New Tele. graph lines under Law 1 of 1879, in this year, and the Island debt stood at £1,520,088 48. 3d. on the 31st of March, 1892. FINANCES. 273 The public debt directly secured on the general revenue stood as follows at the end of each of the last ten years, after making allowance in each year for the sinking fund actually invested for the eventual redemption of debt, namely : 1883 £1,257,916 2 1 1884 1,243,899 18 9 1885 1,427,458 14 2 1886 1,478,790 3 8 1887 1,491,993 3 9 1888 1,502,684 98 1889 1,506,883 6 1 1890 1,490,586 12 0 1891 1,458,221 12 7 1892 1,520,088 4 3 Of the above amount of debt on the 31st March last £821,005 was on account of the Railway purchase, reconstruction and extension, and £82,500 on account of the Rio Cobre Canal. In addition to the above there are the loans raised for the following spe. cial objects, which are guaranteed by the general revenues although secured primarily on the special revenues of the several works :- Kingston and Liguanea Water Works £128,200 Kingston Markets 20,000 Kingston Gas Works 30,000 Kingston Slaughter House . 10,000 (For Statements of Revenue and Expenditure see following pages.) 274 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA, A COMPARATIVE TABLE 1878-79. 1879-80. £ 8. d. £ 8. d. REVENUE:- Customs Export Duties Excise Licenses Stamps Post Office Telegraph Tax on Stock Court Fees Fees of Office Fines, &c. Jamaica Railway Reimbursements Miscellaneous Revenues now Appropriated* Interest on Sinking Funds Savings Bank 234,873 11 1 | 261,362 4 u. 7,040 8 0 6,282 13 11 91,087 11 10 92,769 14 6 17,390 15 0 17,861 2 6 14,117 17 1 13,872 8 9 14,088 10 81 +15,370 46 4,708 8 6 4,921 12 6 7,782 6 2 7,770 12 10 2,765 4 6 2,590 6 6 11,085 16 8 27,628 6 3 17,000 7 1 21,701 15 61 13,958 10 2 11,549 19 9 78,967 17 8 79,383 10 20 8,225 2 2 C 5651 SSE VOOR WO Total 514,867 4 54 571,289 14 10 IMMIGRATION REVENUE: Export Duties Capitation Tax, &c. Miscellaneous 12.591 0 9 19,545 14 104 13,404 14,298 2 2 2 Total 32,136 15 71 27,702 4 5 22 APPROPRIATED REVENUE:-- 26,916 3 041 1,074 16 31 1,370 19 10 986 15 11° Light Dues Poor Rates (a) Kingston Streets Market Dues (b) Pounds (0) Main Road Revenue, Law 17 of 1890 Parochial Roads Sanitary (d) Fire Rates, Kingston (e) Trade Licenses, Surplus Fund (J) Gas Rates, &c. Parochial General Purposes - Miscellaneous 36,368 4 61 2,020 2 91 737 19 102 3,942 8 10 *5,550 6 63 26,933 17 11 1,239 14 6 1,309 19 21 1,327 17 29 36,493 955 2,698 13 71 1,085 14 30 3,928 18 4 4,365 6 7 Total* 78,967 17 8 79,383 10 2 * Includes Miscellaneous, £21 129 (a) Appropriated by Law 5 of 1868. (b) 9 of 1874. (c) " Order of Government tIncluding Telegraphs. (d) Appropriated by Law 14 of 1873. « Law 44 of 1872. " Law 9 of 1873. FINANCES. 275 OF REVENUE. 1880-81. 1881-82. 1882-83. 1883-84. 1884-85. £ 8. d. £ s. d. £ 8. d. 1 £ 6. d. £ 8. d. 255,839 1 2 6,060 8 11 81,540 2 10 16,981 5 0 13,313 3 4 17,020 16 1 vo 60 4,936 14 0 7,650 5 3 2,368 19 2 22,137 0 10 18,068 1 7 8,238 11 8 84,968 15 1 5,312 19 0 | 7246,692 7 2 1 258,963 6 7 257.148 0 4,546 18 4 5,257 9 11 4,377 14 1 *91,000 11 0 *101,776 19 9 85,333 10 3 14,770 5 0 14,430 17 6 15,346 15 0 15,065 16 23 15,682 19 9 18,462 11 3 14,571 10 3 15,306 7 5 17,032 16 71 3,309 4 9 3,776 16 1 4,510 15 6 5,061 19 0 4,945 4 9 4,836 17 6 7,309 6 2 6,966 17 4 7,080 14 101 2,546 3 4 2,680 4 5 2,649 18 2 26,034 9 10 25,838 15 5 27,085 17 3 18,273 2 33 17,468 12 61 16,566 3 1 11,209 3 52 7,410 16 93 5,475 17 11 90,440 4 53 85,634 4 9 87,981 0 33 5,804 16 2 7,957 12 2 9,305 17 4 3,143 11 5 2,092 6 9 265,631 10 10 6,337 6 3 84,581 5 2 16,987 2 0 16,905 16 94 16,628 5 8 4,243 13 6 4,865 13 3 7,017 19 11 2,564 11 32,018 17 19,943 9 103 14,314 6 5 90,437 4 3 9,326 12 6 3,351 18 0 0 0 0 0 18 544,436 3 11 (1556,635 17 64 577,240 15 91 561,286 15 4 | 595,155 13 14 15 9,182 11 9,581 8 2 1 16,104 197 4,140 3 88 13,824 3,206 7 0 3 0 13,327 13 0 5,106 10 101 12,074 16 3 19 5,167 3 81 21 22 18,673 19 3 20,245 3 31 17,030 7 3 18,434 3 104 17,241 19 111 22 28,667 11 1 1,553 12 0 1,670 11 2 1,221 19 3 28,899 18 87 2,937 993 2,687 6 43 921 4 4 ACON 29,678 1 2,317 7 3,007 8 921 19 11 2 e A 38,173 7 7 3,737 1 10 1,512 9 4 4,0298 0 4,402 14 0 32,363 14 5% 1,287 16 92 2,606 2 83 1,068 13 21 41,046 15 103 3,729 10 9 1,284 13 111 3,801 15 0 3,251 1 81 30,440 7 4 705 1 4 2,644 18 74 980 10 01 39,810 6 10 3,651 1 4 1,261 0 7 3,661 12 6 2,479 6 2 39,514 3 4 4,074 1 98 1,462 18 0 3,882 10 6 2,579 19 01 1,021 8 47 40,495 10 4,040 7 1,419 16 9 4,128 0 0 3,420 17 103 1,007 15 52 ao 84,968 15 1 90,440 4 5% 85,634 4 9 87,981 0 31 90,437 4 3 36 To the General Revenues for this year should be added the following sums, which were received during the year :- £ 9,098 18 101 Government Savings Bank Fund. 16,357 8 6 Sinking Funds set free by operations of Law 19 of 1880. 500 0 0 Refunded by Appropriated Revenues, being an amount on account of Kingston Streets wrongly charged to General Revenue in 1880-81. Increased for year by 10 per cent. * Duty increased for year to 8s.! 276 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. A COMPARATIVE TABLE 1885-86. 1886-87. REVENUE: £ 6. d. 247,744 10 93 5,600 11 1 80,454 18 41 15,843 0 0 14,524 4 21 16,530 17 8 4,053 96 4,654 3 6 6,071 711 Customs Export Duties Excise Licenses Stamps Post Office Telegraph Tax on Stock Court Fees Fees of Office Fines, &c. Jamaica Railway Reimbursements Miscellaneous Revenues now Appropriated* Interest on Sinking Funds Savings Bank 0+ 0 £ s. d. 251,535 10 0 5,569 14 4 77,719 10 15,687 5 0 16,038 2 16,837 16 4,058 5 4,597 3 0 5,864 4 2 3,037 0 24 49,094 13 7 24,417 6 61 6,067 5 95,099 9 63 11,162 19 7 3,105 12 4 on Sic 3,219 6 81 34,823 15 3 18,718 7 03 6,737 10 91,026 1 4 10,645 14 10 3,696 16 2 Total 564,374 14 11 | 590,191 18 47 IMMIGRATION REVENUE: - Export Duties (Capitation Tax, &c.) Law 7 of 1878 Miscellaneous 8,127 0 7 5,827" 4 94 11,904 18 8 | 19 3,901 11 114 Total 13,948 5 44 | 15,806 10 74 22 APPROPRIATED REVENUE 30,377 01111 2,785 1951 3,259 1 61 1,010 19 11 Poor Rates (a) Kingston Streets Market Dues (b) Pounds (0) Main Road Revenue, Law 17 of 1890 Parochial Roads Sanitary (d). Fire Rates, Kingston (e) Trade Licenses, Surplus Fund (f) Gas Rates, &c. Parochial General Purposes Miscellaneous 38,246 0 111 4,429 13 73 1,541 3 91 4,171 17 6 3,412 12 9 191 3 11 1,600 7 9 33,223 6 51 2,792 14 8 3,389 19 71 991 15 89 39,670 5 107 5,290 4 3 1,1900 4,245 10 3 2,511 4 114 1,327 3 7 470 3 104 Total* 91,026 1 4 95,099 9 63 35 8 Appropriated by Law 5 of 1868. 9 of 1874. " Order of Government, Appropriated by Law 14 of 1873, si " 44 of 1872. " " 9 of 1873. o FINANCES. 277 OF REVENUE, continued. 1887-88. 1888-89. 1889-90. Half-Year. 1890-91. 1891-92, *6 19 1 £ &. d. £ 8. d. 299,279 1 1 | 288,839 16 8 9,381 17 5 9,398 4 5 101,691 1 6 95,501 14 7 17,947 11 6 19,933 5 0 15,994 1921 16,655 11 0 17,491 12 111 18,295 7 1 4,447 18 0 4,794 13 9 4,834 10 3 4,500 12 3 6,463 3 3 7,186 13 9 3,391 1981 3,622 2 0 55,685 2 1 60,859 10 3 19,428 12 10 24,178 5 6 4,589 10 2 12,111 3 1 103,623 11 31 | 107,271 18 10 12,189 2 10 8,903 4 10 3,330 8 11 4,755 6 11 £ 8. d. 165,009 16 9 4,222 4 10 +58,610 7 11 9,089 15 0 9,314 11 4 8,792 10 41 2,525 8 3 1,668 16 3 4,028 8 9 1,909 4 24 $119,126 4 1 11,081 17 12 3,916 0 0 58,384 12 9 4,563 17 10 4,433 12 4 | £ 8. d. 371,854 15 61 6.687 1 11 136,160 3 9 2,914 10 0 19,285 13 11 17,685 7 01 6,392 7 10 4,752 13 3 7,577 13 63 4,638 12 41 436 9 8 22,404 17 21 6,972 7 112 155,435 7 9,365 02 11,822 12 21 £ 8. d. 324,479 0 10 15 8 123,417 18 4 1,263 00 19,317 3 0 18,278 5 10 5,686 4,753 15 9 8,442 9 4 4,614 5 11 $23,544 15 2 24,468 8 5 17,801 11 11 156,165 1 2 9,955 3 4 3,934 14 11 5 ore FOOOOCH W 11 12 13 14 15 16 679,770 2 114 | 686,817 9 11 | 466,677 7 91 | 784,385 13 114 | 746,776 10 4 118 6,128 19 6 5,348 17 103 3,675 6 7 4,462" 7 8 1,104 14 4 1,602 16 5 2,597 17 2 1,427 10 5 '379 15 103 448 8 5 31,389 12 3 19 21 11,477 17 41 8,137 14 3 2,707 10 9 4,405 3 53 31,838 0 8 22 23 35,733 16 24 3,140 4 111 3,403 19 31 1,008 11 32 38,263 1 6 3,380 16 5 3,914 6 8 927 0 10 42,934 13 23 6,580 14 112 1,093 3 63 4,280 10 0 2,348 17 101 750 6 1 2,348 13 104 42,145 15 11 8,119 14 0 1,238 16 8 4,940 00 2,640 17 7 756 14 8 944 14 6 22,444 11 6 1,961 08 2,137 12 10 506 7 10 20,739 15 11 4,739 19 7 684 6 9 832 5 0 1,455 14 2 246 11 0 2,636 7 5 40,531 4 24 6,639 7 4 4,435 17 01 1,029 6 10 30,814 11 6 50,317 0 57 8,237 17 102 1,345 17 23 5,227 15 0 2.597 18 103 2,016 13 83 2,241 17 53 38,748 2 4 7,437 4 5 4,615 6 4 969 13 10 32,011 17 10 44,814 16 0 6,620 12 5 1,771 4 2 5,483 2 6 2,611 7 9 1,875 0 1 9,177 3 3 - - 35 | 103,623 11 31 | 107,271 14 10 58,384 12 8 155,435 7 7 156,165 1 2 35 * Duties abolished. f Duty increased 6s. a gallon, Railway sold :-Includes £100,000 on account of sale. Now interest on second Mortgage Bonds. 278 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. A COMPARATIVE TABLE 1878-79. 1879-80. 9 COCODEC 0 £ 8. d. 43,103 8 0 7,064 15 8 463 16 8 796 10 10 5,242 12 9,460 7 3,556 18 3,083 10 8 2,185 1 2 686 11 6 17,415 19 102 30,499 1 2 36,054 13 10 10,234 17 8 46,618 29 49,785 12 63 29,093 13 11 23,344 16 5 882 14 11 4,858 9 1 17,3215 11 4,253 2 6 3,379 6 0 587 5 4 EXPENDITURE:- Charges of Debt Governor and Staff Privy Council Legislative Council . Colonial Secretariat . Director of Public Works Audit Office Treasury Savings Bank Stamp Office Post Office Customs, &c. Judicial Ecclesiastical Medical Police Prisons and Reformatories Education Harbour Masters Militia and Store Colonial Allowances and Military Expenditure- Quarantine and Central Board of Health Miscellaneous Steam Communication Stationery and Printing Library and Museum - Colonization Plantations Railway Main Roads and Buildings Pensions, &c. Parochial Rates on Public Buildings Recovered Lands . Purposes now supplied by Appropriated Revenues Jamaica share of “Florence" damages 5 £ 8. d. 49,008 3 4 7,535 4 3 '145 1 7 820 16 98 5,256 19 59 9,854 4 3,305 16 3 3,076 11 0 670 11 3 18,526 15 51 30,799 18 11 37,461 7 1 9,826 10 8 119,296 12 61 53,353 1 0 30,017 11 12 25,600 2 71 1,018 5 0 4,111 5 4 16,940 12 57 3,925 126 7,747 10 6 745 14 i 5,567 9 17,393 2 59 68,728 3 i 12,659 11 6 2,213 4 61 Census 25 26 27 28 20 4,208 1 54 6,651 9 9 54,017 16 6 12,029 9 9 2,265 12 64 73,793 14 31 | 83,177 15 31 Total Expenditure from Income Sinking Funds, &c. . 502,938 18 111 22,442 17 2 558,783 12 11 27,406 0 11 Total Payments from Income Less Debt Payments as above 525,381 16 11 586,189 13 10 22,442 17 2 27,406 0 11 502,938 18 111 558,783 12 11 *37,266 70 98,218 12 31 540,205 5 114657,002 5 4 43 Add Expenditure from Moneys raised by Loans - Total Immigration +21,150 14 811 30,577 14 45 46 Total 21,150 14 87 30,577 14 44 46 * Jamaica Railway, £33,112 199.-- Telegraph Construction, £4,153 88. | Second year of new arrangement. Debt and Medical Charges now borne by General Revenue. FINANCES. 279 OP EXPENDITURE. 1880-81. 1881-82. 1882-83. 1883-84. 1884-86. 2 . d. 45,416 67 7,300 0 0 67 198 826 39 5,076 109 9,164 36 3,298 11 1 3,012 11 0 ఓ B. d. 43,158 137 6,167 511 81 62 819 10 6 5,236 45 8,558 11 36.00 TANT 673 156 20,294 22 30,807 12 3 38,053 186 8,122 0 4 48,560 2 3 51,178 211 31,128 36 25,715 167 979 40 3,930 14 9 16,447 15 6 6,032 17 0 5,182 145 7,915 16 2 878 138 & S. d. 45,830 184 7,300 0 0 421 26 778 111 5,478 139 8,996 19 10 3,374 14 64 3,193 311 110 13 10 19,908 18+ 31,156 16 21 37,356 07 10,277 110 451,456 18 61 49,398 154 29,870 57 22,864 13 21 949 17 11 4,286 97 16,234 61 126 155 5,561 137 8,002 13 21 "972 66 2 . d. 43,777 74 7,707 08 94 83 967 1911 5,470 2 6. 9,049 7 10 3,534 3 2 3,272 610 1,917 84 "681 13 10 21,433 14 8) 31,832 11 1 36,266 44 7,8816 2 50,141 0 1 48,669 145 26,996 5 61 25,064 73 816 45 4,416 16 10 16,163 12 1 5,335 18 7,060 187 926 14 0 4,851 26 14,112 99 53,414 11 ) 13,411 84 2,059 8 || 3,518 1 6 3,207 14 11) 2,103 13 81554 23,022 63 32,232 6 0 34,561 20 7,450 04 48,501 10 71 49,173 573 24,085 15 23 25,862 15 10 836 17 2 4,788 72 16,798 0 5 కS. d. 65,822 149 6,986 80 86 611 1,612 16 0. 5,212 410 8,549 1987 3,156 8 0 3,349 0 6 2,620 18 6. 7767 22,536 18 31,458 1 34,715 2 7,408 13 49,031 4 48,324 8 111 16 22,553 16 17 28,944 16 2 || . 924 12 8| 3,867 18 1| 21 20,713 0 18 23 2,116 9 2 5,749 14 101 '916 16 101 9,660 0 0 5,000 311 18,016 10 6 || 47,614 80 12,628 18 6 5,456 211 12,490 19 6 74,463 32 13,372 157 2,058 9 101 5,280 18 21 12,775 137 52,617 121 13,764 68 2,132 511, 82,633 6 28 5,046 10 0 6,191 13 101 9207 6.1 7,723 52 5,387 12 3 12,047 138 48,155 15 01 13,150 71 2,038 2 10 3.500"0 10 86,742 17 98 || 90,586 0 6 78,342 16 11 || 4,192 7 6 92,348 19 4 568,521 7 68 | 533,711 5 0 | 529,850 13 1 | 531,884 17 1 562,702 1 101 38 28,096 12 8 | 14,852 16 0 | 13,618 2 4 | 12,939 19 | 24,607 7 7 | 39 40 | 596,618 0 3 | 548,564 0 0 | 543,498 16_58 | 565,036 19 1 | 587,309 9 5 | 40 28,096 12 81 14,862 15 0 | 13,648 2 4 | 12,939 19 24,607 7 7 | 41 568,621 7 7 | 533,711 504 | 529,850 13 14 | 531,884 17 7 | 562,702 1 10 | 42 79,368 7 21 | 142,933 4 7 | 180,033 14 0 | 141,347 13 21 204,240 12 3 | | 647,889 14 94 | 676,64 9 73 | 709,884 7 10 | 673,232 10 9 | 766,942 14 1) 35,934 5 6 || 24,521 11 111/ 23,340 16 9 | 30,700 11 6 | 14,714 19 9 | 45 | 35,934 5 6 | 24,621 11 114 | 23,340 16 9 | 30,700 11 64 | 14,714 19 9 | Including Quarantine and Central Board of Health, 280 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. A COMPARATIVE TABLE 1885-86. 1886-87. EXPENDITURE: - Charges of Debt Governor and Staff Privy Council Legislative Council Colonial Secretariat - Director of Public Works Audit Office Treasury Savings Bank Stamp Office Post Office and Telegraphs Revenue Departments Judicial Ecclesiastical Medical Police Prisons and Reformatories Education Harbour Masters Colonial Allowances and Military Expenditure- Miscellaneous Census Steam Communication Stationery and Printing Library and Museum. Colonization - Plantations and Gardens Railway Main Roads and Buildingst Pensions, &c. Parochial Recovered Lands Purposes now supplied by Appropriated Revenues Jamaica share of “Florence" damages £ 5. d. 72,422 16 11 6,857 4 7 10 10 0 751 17 4 5,230 351 8,738 3 4 3,253 6 9 3,358 16 0 2,160 7 73 861 9 10° 22,436 10 49 30,987 6113 35,247 13 1 6,984 15 4 49,784 19 41 48,649 13 6 23,561 10 24 30,833 1 4 1,822 2 101 6,708 14 9 *15,196 3 113 £ 8. d. 74,546 8 2 6,817 16 0 177 7 7 980 16 1 5,314 8 10 7,768 5 5 3,360 10 4 3,248 4 6 2,144 7 2 928 2 10 26,136 8 5) 30,813 7 02 35,092 5 7 6,933 10 8 52,456 6 4 48,217 19 10 23,835 11 21 33,323 3 112 1,324 19 5] 7,279 911 16,443 8 31 2,152 15 0 6,599 11 8 849 14 73 4,488 0 0 4,258 0 10 27,424 4 4 52,285 0 4 12,733 0 4 2,000 0 0 5,596 0 2 1,128 91 12 00 4,391 3 0 33,049 14 9 48.080 5 6 12,363 4 2 96,087 9 11 120,0881 81 Total Expenditure from Income Sinking Funds, &c. 582,735 39 613,959 15 03 14,002 16 2 20,956 5 3 36 Total Payments from Income Less Debt Payments as above . 568,732 7 73 593,003 993 14,002 16 2 20,956 5 3 582,735 3 93 Add Expenditure from Moneys raised by Loans 29,314 19 7 613,959 15 03 23,633 13 5 39 40 Total 612,050 341 637,593 8 58 41 Immigration 10,562 13 1 8,567 14 31 42 * Vor details, see the head " Miscellaneous.” † Now includes Light Houses. FINANCES, 281 OF EXPENDITURE, continued. 1887-88. 1888-89. 1889-90. Half-Year. 1890-91. 1891-92. U £ 8. d. 40,793 1 6 3,460 8 0 476 12 9 2,700 4 8 15,583 18 111 1,611 91 1,581 4 10 1,081 1 01 448 1 5 12,589 1948 15,570 8 9 18,214 14 9 3,237 19 01 24,332 18 491 24,663 10 11 11,676 13 581 20,331 19 9 603 10 7 3,651 6 7 10,090 16 9 12 13 £ 8. d. 77,453 10 7 6,867 18 3 47 10 9 1,726 5 5 5,215 1 41 10,682 6 5 3,373 8 3,180 7 31 2,255 141 981 2 11° 24,147 15 03 31,226 9 54 36,063 14 104 6,781 2 11 48,785 12 103 48,032 15 23,343 5 21 35,199 11 104 1,476 3 81 7,880 2 71 14,974 1 61 1,726 16 8 6,548 703 1,048 18 63 3,822 0 0 4,796 90 32,064 7 5 52,318 9 4 13,498 6 5 £ 8. d. 83,127 15 0 6,783 4 4 31 14 11 1,340 10 4 5,345 8 6 10,733 5 3 3,201 6 5 3,136 14 7 2,233 12 2 1,020 07 25,357 18 8 30,881 17 1 36,057 14 6 6.277 6 0 49,514 18 9 47,827 7 6 24,134 3 2 37,518 4 3 1,472 15 2 7,647 17 4 20,153 16 8 2,619 0 11 6,336 4 9 942 2 2 £ 8. d. 76,568 11 1 6,947 5 3 165 1 3 1,459 6 10 5,183 17 67 12,378 5 3 3,451 9 10 3,498 14 51 2,374 2 93 1 1,043 5 8 27,093 13 91 32,697 4 41 38,573 15 11 6,137 15 7 49,502 0 37 50,132 10 2 23,573 15 37 40,252 11 3 1,415 11 2 8,590 6 4 25,762 14 111 83 180 2,583 6 8 6,533 18 2 3,585 16 6 14 £ 8. d. 77,313 10 1 6,819 6 1 10 10 3 1,448 9 2 5,047 3 7 14,657 10 10 3,520 10 4 3,838 3 11 2,627 16 4 1,052 1 10 30,244 11 1 33,311 6 5 39,763 18 0 5,561 11 1 55,067 17 5 51,389 17 10 24,954 10 7 40,790 9 8 1,802 0 5 8,594 12 5 72,214 1 9 6,232 7 8 2,150 0 0 9.385 18 5 1,831 17 9 5,057 8 4 672 11 11 91,659 4 6 13,226 16 5 16 - On 20 22 23 24 1,333 6 8 4,866 11 2 516 111 25 26 27 US 5,070 2 4 33,167 0 3 67,631 18 10 15,035 13 5 2,685 12 11 6,932 5 0 9,798 2 5 $385 4 5 32,210 3 21 91,658 19 1 7,191 17 01 14,166 17 11 | 39 107,481 9 51 112,633 4 3 58,6277 39 126,289 3 8 | 135,897 1 0 612,999 5 11 26,946 4 6 637,232 18 71 319,935 2 41 669,021 8 7 | 746,143 5 il 27,462 4 3 12,636 10 4 29,018 15 0 28,998 7 7 | 36 36 CI 586,053 1 51 664,695 2 10 26,946 4 6 27,462 4 3 332,570 12 8 12,635 10 4 698,040 37 775,131 12 8 37 29,018 15 0 28,998 7 7 38 612,999 5 11 637,232 18 7 37,745 9 2 319,935 2 23,670 13 4 ? 727,058 18 7 34,140 17 7 746,143 5 1 115,360 18 8 39 40 40 15,671 18 5 41 | 628,671 4 4 674,978 7 9 343,605 15 11 761,209 16 2 861,414 3 9 41 42 4,553 0 7 8,972 11 3 1,382 14 548,411 1 81 35,639 14 2 42 1 Includes Land Department. ( Now for salary of Government Director only, 282 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. A COMPARATIVE TABLE OF EXPENDITURE. 1878-79. 1879-80. 1880-81. 1881-82. 1882-83. 1883-84. 1884-85. FROM APPROPRIATED REVENUES:- Poor Rates (a) . Kingston Streets - Markets (6) Pounds (c) Parochial Roads - Sanitary (d) Fire Rates, Kingston (e) Dog Tax Trade License Surplus Fund (0 Gas Appropriation Total - £ 8. d. 27,739 2 6 213 0 0 1,670 6 42 823 10 1 34,222 6 2 2,329 10 9 747 0 0 £ 8. d. £ 8. d. 28,645 15 11 36,141 1 10 306 001 278 10 0 5,318 1 3 3,010 14 10 1,036 15 11 1,043 96 40,330 5 9 2,947 1 7 2,753 6 5 1,494 7 11 1,404 13 11 957 8 6 1,451 10 2 2,141 18 4" 3,045 10 7 £ 8. d. £ s. d. 32,360 19 31 30,465 9 6 '414 10 01 117 0 0 6,608 10 53 4,104 6 0 1,068 13 531,011 3 91 33,803 7 7 33,746 6 5 3,304 8 7 3,528 7 6 1,109 9 10 1,301 9 2 £ 8. d. £ 8. d. 30,498 7 53 31,256 16 91 17 17 5 230 17 1 8,088 3 976,539 5 10 946 14 11 959 11 104 34,534 11 118 41,166 10 101 3,922 11 10 4,783 754 2,688 1 0 1,576 11 5 3,208 195 3,008 6 5 2,837 10 0 2,827 11 8 A1 644 8 5 5,404 10 0 1,503 3 7 2,410 3 4 2,183 18 51 1,884 15 0° 73,793 14 34 83,177 15 31 90,586 0 6 82,633 6 28 78,342 15 11 86,742 17 93 92,348 194% 1885-86. 1886-87. 1887-88. 1888-89. 1889-90. Half-Year. 1890-91. 1891-92, FROM APPROPRIATED REVENUES:- Relief of the Poor (a) Kingston Streets - Markets (1) Pounds (C) Parochial Roads - Sanitary (d) Fire Rates, Kingston (e) Trade License Surplus Fund (f) Gas Appropriation Parochial General Purposes Miscellaneous Total. £ 8. d. £ 8. d. 32,598 11 03 35,239 8 01 919 4 4 648 2 1 4,499 17 7 4,461 7 8 1,031 16 73 931 7 71 41,844 90 53,960 9 41 8,151 1 41 17,344 13 52 1,187 18 2 1,350 2 0 2,391 19 10 2,205 16 31 2,493 15 4 2,527 12 0 968 15 9 1,419 3 2 £ 8. d. £ 8. d. 35,623 7 23 38,566 17 5 1,115 0 0 892 0 0 4,501 10 6 3,223 2 1 965 3 10 1,001 11 5 47,798 12 111 51,639 0 8 8,570 12 10 8,241 0 9 1,314 7 2 1,147 8 8 2,936 9 10 2,494 195 1,896 14 0 3,040 13 0 2,634 10 114 2,386 10 8 125 0 0 £ 8. d. £ s. d. £ 5. d. 20,087 19 03 43,220 10 43 43,907 19 10 223 0 0 892 0 0 860 00 1,822 15 33| 5,100 11 91 7,726 8 4 569 18 14 1,039 19 83 996 19 6 27,717 16 41 60,148 8 73 59,552 6 8 3,251 6 108 5,523 15 88 6,791 3 9 793 90 1,501 12 2 1,862 17 11 1,383 14 71 3,003 0 1113,005 7 6 1,338 10 1 2,701 13 5 2,854 7 0 1,438 17 11 3,157 10 104 3,963 4 8 96,087 9 11 120,088 1 84107,481 9 51 112,633 4 3 58,627 7 34 126,289 3 8 131,520 152 8 Appropriated by Law 5 of 1868. 9 of 1874. " Order of Government. ropriated by Law 14 of 1873. " Law 44 of 1872. " Law 9 of 1873. FINANCES. 283 DETAILS OF MISCELLANEOUS. 1889-90. 1888-89. Half-Year. 1890-91. 1891-92. £ 8. 752 10 d. 0 1 £ 8. d. 1,521 11 8 11,784 13 5 | £ 8. d. £ 8. 1,501 2 6 1,508 5 5,345 10 104 15,245 4 d. 0 2 4,877 18 71 2,938 195 1,535 2 24 3,465 13 114 3,337 16 8 214 711 338 17 81 435 18 6 484 13 4 | 166 12 1 2,000 0 0 Clerk Parochial Boards Miscellaneous Registrar General's Depart- ment Board of Supervision Maintenance of Forfeited) Lands Subsidy to W. 1. & P. Tele-2 graph Company Island Record Office Registration of Titles Extension Track Jam. Railway “ (Railway). Industrial Schools Immigration $ 1,257 6 9 1,000 0 0 | 2,000 0 0 2,000 0 0 753 7 114 1,406 19 8 1,663 4 11 179 10 5 526 12 9 513 0 6 11,015 17 9 43,958 7 9 777 19 8 161 19 9 633 11 7 2,918 12 8 10,090 16 9 25,762 14 114 72,214 1 9 20,153 16 8 PROPERTY-TAX COLLECTED DURING THE YEAR 1891-92. Parish. Land at 3d. Land at 14d. Land at fd. Land at Id. per Acre. per Acre. per Acre. per Acre. Total. Kingston St. Andrew St. Thomas Portland St. Mary St. Ann Trelawny St. James Hanover Westmoreland St. Elizabeth Manchester Clarendon St. Catherine Totals £ 8. d. £ 8. d. £ 8. d. £ 8. d. £ 8. d. 4 9 6 0 16 5 0 18 11] 4 7 7 8 8 157 4 3 19 6 74 37 17 44 76 9 24 289 17 54 195 2 0 10 16 7 57 18 84 108 11 64 372 8 104 150 1961 5 197 57 15 61 99 4 104 313 19 6 27 1 14 101 19 34 71 15 3 429 6 114 186 6 0 1 154 6 6 205 3 64 116 4 41 661 19 5 133 19 6 99 7 11 85 19 2 95 4 81 414 10 53 101 15 9 46 16 41 62 6 114 89 14 9 300 12 10 105 90 46 1 41 86 1 11 62 11 0 300 2 67 151 15 01 62 5 6 135 13 38 112 16 94 463 10 77 127 2 6! 116 2 73 99 8 27 150 2 4 492 15 78 53 3 11 85 9 84 94 4 31 420 8 74 268 4 6 39 0 3 73 4 104 185 12 84 566 1 34 253 136 90 19 14 108 6 27 153 5 9 606 4 77 £ 2,252 2 9 1 772 2 5 | 1,1990 i '1,416 2 2 15,639 7 Õ 187 11 6 T2 284 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. STATISICAL STATEMENT OF THE NUMBER OF HOUSES ON WHICH POOR RATE HAS BEEN COLLECTED DURING THE YEAR, 1891-92. I RATED HOUSES. HOUSES OTHER THAN RATED. Houses (other than rated) and Arrears Classed Houses. Huts. Every other. 3rd Class PARISH. 1st Class 2nd Class. 3rd Class. Total No. of Houses. Total Poor Houses. Rate. No. Amount. Amount. Total. Owned. Tenanted. Owned. Tenanted. Owned. Tenanted. Owned Tenanted. Owned. Tenanted. Floored. Unfloored. £ 5. d. £ 8. d. £ 8. d. . S. de - 629 2,658 3,903 | 3,082 2,347 1,881 Kingston 4,999 St. Andrew 2,940 St. Thomas 1,972) Portland 1,781 St. Mary 3,201 St. Ann 5,642 Trelawny 2,108 St. James 2,438 Hanover 2,797 Westmoreland. 5,346 St. Elizabeth, 2,238 Manchester . 5,556 Clarendon . 5,560 St. Catherine ./ 3,915 7,791 19 10 1,811 0 10 3 864 4 104 65 1,365 16 6 5 1,862 7 104 3 2,337 5 7 1,043 17 87 1,223 18 01 1,156 12 411 2,162 12 411 1,021 13 81 1,997 0 104 1,992 4 63 23 2,917 19 91 5 1 6 of Sies. e SEO... n 422 19 1,637 932 3,098 720 1,713 1,353 2,223 1,315 468 1,440 501 3 689 854 4 374 743 1,237 889 4,537! 1,009 976 276 1 2,191 777 4 3,656 1,690 4 19. • Aco.co.. 2,098 to opeo0707. . . - · Or 8 WW HORNO HA CO Be Dordrecht in NA 134 5 9 561 5,628 515 10 6 43 2,584 5,5998 770 3 6 174 3,727 5,875 810 4 0 1,299 1,780 4,863 650 15 5 626 1,698 5,548 366 96 | 1,786 95 7,523 422 13 11 128 1,887 4,206 337 0 4 557 1,103 4,115 261 12 11 1 1,139 3,941 446 16 111 783 1,381 7,521 1,131 6 () 1,742 3,848 7,837 264 11 6 151 1,326 6,904 606 16 2 3,061 8,634 1,649 4 8 611| 4,762 9,301 7,926 5 7 2,356 11 41 1,634 8 41 2,176 0 6 2,513 3 31 2.703 15 13 1,466 11 7° 1,560 18 4 1,418 5 3 2,609 94 2,152 1981 2,261 12 41 2,599 0 83 4,567 4 5 1,677 1,144 2.175 5,599 | 1,348 | 3,074 5,386 2 6 O Total 1891-92 50,493 29,548 14 104 285 250 25,498 10,235 35 49 140 8 362 87 37,001 8,397 11 13 8,326 28,391 87,494 37,946 6 04 FINANCES. 285 CLASSIFIED STATEMENT SHEWING THE NUMBER OF TAXPAYERS FROM THE YEAR 1880 TO 1883, 1879-80. 1880-81, 1881-82. 1882-83. Parish. Under Under Under From £2 and Total. Under From £2 and Total. up- wards. From £2 and Total. up: wards. From | £2 and Total. up- wards. £11 £2 £1 £2 £1 $ 2 up- £2 wards. £1 593 1,287 2,948 1,193 953 1,580 3,726 1,693 Kingston St. Andrew 691 1,068 4,478 5,162 362 3,268 443 4,015 4,479 398 383 331 274 4,100 287 4,583 304 196 165 5,737 St. Thomas Portland 429 5,277 5,767 5,834 5,628 5,302 351 181 309 322 4,385 3,474 4,859 4,112 4,431 3,896 327 412 489 265 381 257 982 10,847 6,946 1,019 770 8,735 8,310 1,066 997 1,122 418 350 4,521 3,853 430 375 450 9,593 757 7,989 1,056 458 644 6,638 5,134 4,139 532 1,355 3,739 1,182 435 1,209 2,826 5,260 5,130 443 387 5,960 6,665 6,051 275 6,755 187 | 4,945 5,020 5,540 297 4,605 4,780 590 5,560 682 10,058 8,147 794 | 9,938 380 5,251 5,153 462 385 6,000 10,873 7,785 958 1,275 10,018 400 6,631 381 6,728 4,965 4,504 328 340 5,172 4,249 4,463 593 313 | 5,369 4,707 4,109 4,843 600 6,694 5,120 600 6,590 319 8,306 | 6,983 779 344 8,106 6,403 186,948 | 74,254 8,111 | 7,040 89,405 6,081 5,827 St. Mary 4,869 St. Catherine 8,743 St. Ann 3,753 Clarendon 7,708 Manchester 5,253 Trelawny St. James 4,627 Hanover 2,950 Westmoreland 4,823 St. Elizabeth 7,084 Total | 70,153 520 6,256 4,894 4,333 278 296 4,795 264 5,327 3,572 402 4,658 4,421 594 9,348 415 5,724 360 | 4,406 4,249 3,572 4,387 3,838 6,608 5,222 301 7,238 7,182 6,435 76,035 72,259 275 3,464 3,759 378 250 475 259 807 543 861 593 120 | 870 6,173 8,321 5,154 6,161 864 373 776 805 7,847 6,845 84,845 61,776 7,824 | 8,286 FINANCES. 287 CLASSIFIED STATEMENT SHEWING THE NUMBER OF TAXPAYERS FROM THE YEAR 1888 to 1891. 1887-88. 1888-89. 1889-90. · 1890-91. Parish. Under Under Under Under From £2 and Total. up- From £2 and Total. From £2 and Total. up- wards. From £2 and up- wards, Total. up- wards. £1 £2wards. £1 £2 £1 £2 £1 £2 1,941 894 958 2.499 579 563 420 787 5,286 518 286 Kingston 1,281 3,761 1,353 St. Andrew 3,790 514 4,834 3,373 St. Thomas 7,120 6,800 4,179 Portland 4,390 1,918 6,758 5,081 St. Mary 5,001 5,805 5,115 St. Catherine 8,044 1,503 741 10,288 8,766 St. Ann 7,825 505 483 8,813 8,514 Clarendon 9,240 623 10,482 9,148 Manchester 5,361 6,380 6,379 Trelawny 4,738 5,642 4,928 St. James 3,877 4,658 3,421 Hanover 3,737 521 4,565 2,705 Westmoreland 5,924 790 425 7,139 St. Elizabeth 8,862 | 1,007 441 10,310 7,454 Total 79,189 | 9,456 1 8,939 97,584 75,014 897 2,021 4,268 1,460 862 4,798 4,028 1,009 663 358 5,200 6,225 599 311 5,991 | 5,438 643 471 275 5,861 4,369 1,032 1,589 896 11,251 9,166 1,762 549 525 | 9,588 9,350 680 695 617 10,460 9,303 374 7,332 6,603 | 6,125 4,772 514 701 4,454 3,617 1,044 354 4,103 2,900 557 352 5,507 915 390 8,759 7,931 956 10,686 / 7,997 (93,697 80,683 111,913 * Por 1891-02 2,422 4,840 1,087 589 5,626 3,807 394 7,406 6,489 397 6,478 470 5,871 4,484 854 11,782 *9,287 635 10,665 12,794 573 10,773 7,285 320 7,476 *6,784 5,665 4,335 *3,657 344 5,239 370 6,586 6,079 468 9,355 6,705 8,493 101.089 84,733 1,345 | 2,428 4,860 1,209 724 5,740 931 489 7,909 688 425 6,399 1,075 491 6,050 1,416 1,086 11,789 931 868 14,593 4,015 864 12,164 577 | 7,756 530 354 6,634 634 352 4,643 1,074 6,695 817 431 7,327 938 490 8,133 16.180 | 9,779 | 110,692 579 553 395 568 5,750 140 382 | 7,139 | 4,598 5,5075,521 288 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. STATEMENT OF PAROCHIAL ROAD TAX FOR 1891-92. No. of Horsekind. No. of| No. of Wheels @ * Asses Total Yield. @11/ @ 71 Total. @ 3/6. 151 | 101 | 61 | 20/ Total. Parish, 1 136 48 8 26 16 164 714 1,096 1.018 660 1,118 774 Kingston 898 St. Andrew 1,910 St. Thomas 2,129 Portland 1,941 St. Mary 3,291 St. Ann 2,670 Trelawny 1,198 St. James 1,592 Hanover 1,982 Westmoreland - 3,380 St. Elizabeth 2,738 Manchester 2,314 Clarendon 3,284 St. Catherine - 3,794 68 966 836 27 ! 1,967 1,316 984 4 | 2,133 1,007) 454 6 1,917) 385 328 12 3,306 571 516 96 2,766 1,294 782 25 1,223 500 1,614 736 460 18 2,000 742 356 35 3,415 1,048 754 2,7521 1.7521 766 49 2,363 1,381 642 14 3,298 1,439 568 14 3,808 1,409 728 22 48 32 38 1,042 486 578 426 830 696 568 2,254 £1,840 16 11 16 | 2,144 2,362 8 0 1,480 1,913 3 9 1,014 1,536 11 11 1,650 2,580 17 101 . 1,988 2,655 15 75 1,044 1,318 7 43 1,070 1,515 0 101 814 1,600 2 4, 1,652 2,836 13 41 1,502 2,549 15 71 1,270 2,168 9 11 | 1,900 2,851 15 101 108 2,838 3,502 14 71 48 141 40 98 530 " 28 53 1,300 1,950 Total 1891-92- 33,154 “ 1890-91- 33,389 404 33,558 13,859 8,678 436 33,825 13,993 8,050 782 822 12,444 716 22,6%0 31,232 11 9 12,348 740 21,960 31,1896 51 96 Increase 660 Dccrease STATEMENT SHEWING THE NUMBER OF TRADE LICENSES ISSUED IN THE YEAR 1891-92. se : "235 32 267 / 134628 435 32 Retailers. Parish. Merchants. Storekeepers. Supercargoes. First Class. Third Class, Total. Second Class. Newspapers, 43 201 Kingston 185 St. Andrew 182 St. Thomas 187 199 Portland 258 306 St. Mary 302 326 St. Ann 335 375 Trelawny 185 214 St. James 208 233 Hanover 143 163 Westmoreland 358 382 St. Elizabeth 387 436 Manchester 356 394 Clarendon 358 381 St. Catherine 50 412 485 Total . | 48 | 89 | 216 426 3,856 / 4,498 1 95 2 30 | 14 STATEMENT SHEWING THE NUMBER OF SPIRIT LICENSES ISSUED IN 1891-92. Parish. Dealers. | Retailers. | Taverns. | Hotels. wi: «ONNONi: : : : Ai Otorow Wowi *Forces cocooni 5 Wharfingers. :::::::: 01-NN WIRI | Auctioneers. ve zawodowe : : : : : : 16 :::: - 101 83 95 156 129 NOTOIO 45 Kingston St. Andrew St. Thomas Portland St. Mary St. Ann Trelawny St. James Hanover Westmoreland St. Elizabeth Manchester Clarendon St. Catherine Total 119 188 168 159 184 1,644 SIIIIIII 201I 40T FINANCES, 289 STATEMENT OF THE NUMBER OF HORSEKIND, CATTLE, CARRIAGES, &C., IN THE ISLAND IN 1891-92. Parish. Number of horsekind (in- cluding those used solely for hire) used on the roads-Law 30 of 1867. Number of horsekind not used on the roads. -Law 6 of 1878. Total number of horsekind. Number of asses used on roads.--Law 30 of Number of asses not used on roads.-Law 6 of 1878. 1867. Total number of asses. Number of horned stock.-Law 6 of Number of carriages, allow- ing 4 wheels to each includ- ing those used for hire, for livery stable purposes and as hackney carriages.- Law 30 of 1867. | Numberof carts, drays, i &c., allowing 2 wheels to each.-Law 30 of | 1867. 1878. 61 73 Kingston St. Andrew St. Thomas Portland St. Mary St. Ann Trelawny St. James Hanover Westmoreland - St. Elizabeth Manchester Clarendon St. Catherine 966 1,967 2,133 1,947 3,306 2,766 1,223 1,614 2,000 3,415 2,752 2,363 3,298 3,808 3 969 244 2,2111 1,316 773 2,3 1.007 926 2,873 1,471 4,777 571 2,264 5,0301 1,294 989 2,212 686 2,300 736 1.252 3,252 742 2,225 5,640 1,048 3,876 6,628 1,752 1,372 3,737 1,381 1,884 | 5,182 1,439 1,297 5,105 1,409 5 18 83 1,404 851 95 1,102 1,425 446 1,817 644 6,161 384 1,678 12,986 136 910 3,196 65 1 801 2,624 96 838 7,145 237 1,285 11,741 488 2,240 10,072 351 1,732 5,129 164 1,603 4,212 141 | 1,550 6,026 35 262 115 89 133 236 139 123 97 205 201 185 159 222 307 548 509 330 559 521 243 299 213 415 348 265 650 975 Total - 33,558 19,264 52,822 13,8592,379 16,238 73,403 6,182 CATTLE, HORSEKIND, &C., ON ESTATES AND PENS. Horned Stock. Horsekind. Parish. On Pens. On Estates. Total. On Pens. On Estates. Total. Sheep. 300 Kingston St. Andrew St. Thomas Portland St. Mary St. Ann Trelawny St. James Hanover Westmoreland St. Elizabeth Manchester Clarendon St. Catherine 235 772 916 1,735 1,940 702 40 870 1,440 1,963 6,500 13,741 2,212 2,000 7,080 18,000 9,372 4,986 4,250 6,537 169 1.039 1,826 3,266 63 2,026 600 7,100 1,102 14,843 3,856 6,068 3,159 5,159 1,397 18,477 6,500 | 24,500 1,820 | 11,192 4,986 2,548 6,798 9,367 850 200 270 425 450 212 1,200 750 249 1,072 956 1,935 2,210 1,127 1,300 1,284 4,200 3,619 1.311 2,210 1,800 1,000 1,000 2,500 1,500 1,000 1,300 150 230 1,800 900 500 350 3,000 1,072 3,000 2,869 1,311 1,910 1,600 2,830 300 200 Total 78,951 25,870 104,821 18,912 4,361 23,273 15,180 290 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. IMPORTS AND EXPORTS. THE value of the Imports into the Colony in each of the last ten years was as follows:- 1881-82 £1,321,962 1886-87 £1,351,394 1882-83 1,625,411 1887-88 1,695,605 1883-84 1,568,639 1888-89 1,597,600 1884-85 1,487,833 1890-91 2,188,937 1885-86 1,325,603 1891-92 1,759,890 Of the goods entered for Island consumption the advalorem duty was paid in respect of £716,379 or 40 per cent. of the whole; specific duties were levied in re- spect of goods valued at £826,462 or 48 per cent. and goods of the value of £220,158 or 12 per cent. were entered under the free list. The specific duties levied averaged 28 per cent. on cost of the goods in respect of which they were levied and the total amount of duties collected distributed over the total imports was equivalent to a uniform tax of 18 per cent. on first cost of all goods entered for consumption during the year. Under arrangements made with the Government of the United States to secure to the Colony the advantages of reciprocal trade relations a large addition was made to the free list by which it was estimated that a sacrifice of revenue approxi- mating £30,000 a year would be made. The new tariff came in force as from the 1st February, 1892, and from that date to the end of the financial year the ascer- tained remission was £7,100. Of this remission 84 per cent. was in respect of im- ports from the United States and 11 per cent. on imports from the United Kingdom. The imports into the Colony during each of the last three years were drawn from the several countries in the following proportions, viz. : - 1891-92. 1890-91. 1888-89. United Kingdom Dominion of Canada United States Other Countries 49 10.4 37.2 3.4 55 9.2 33.9 1.9 The decreased trade with the United Kingdom is due to smaller importations of British manufactured goods and the increase in the importations from the United States to the larger proportion which the imports of foodstuffs during the year bore to total imports. The increase of imports from Canada herald the entry into the local market of manufactured goods, the imports from this source having hereto- fore consisted almost entirely of fishstuffs. The value of the exports in each of the last ten years is shown below :- Year. Of British, Of Produce and Foreign and Manufactures of other Colonial the Colony. Produce and Manufactures. Total. 1881-82 1882-83 1883-84 1884-85 1885-86 1886-87 1887-88 1888-89 1890-91 1891-92 £1,471,917 1,365,868 1,350,900 1,181,203 1,078,315 1,334,465 1,661,601 1,501,660 1,807,084 1,628,777 £77,141 103,578 133,089 227,645 201,803 174,512 166,989 113,164 95,730 93,319 £1,549,058 1,469,446 1,483,989 1,408,848 1,280,118 1,509,010 1,828,590 1,614,824 1,902,814 1,628,777 IMPORTS AND EXPORTS. 291 The falling off in the value of island produce exported in 1891-92 on comparison with the exports of the preceding year is due to a serious check met with in the fruit trade, an abundant yield of home fruit in America having both restricted con- sumption of tropical fruits and brought down prices; the falling off in the single item of bananas represented a loss to the Colony of £181,623 in value, while the exports of oranges was in 1891-92 less than half what they were in the preceding year. There was also a falling off of £30,312 in the value of pimento exported and £29,128 in logwood, the former due to failure of crop and the latter to falling prices. On the other hand the returns made by sugar estates were exceptionally good the value of sugar exported having been £19,288 in excess of the value of the ex- ports for 1890-91, while the increase in the value of rum was £56,540, and in addi- tion to this increase a large quantity of sugar was awaiting shipment at the close of the year and the stocks of rum held in the local Bonding Warehouses were unpre- cedentedly large. Other items showing large increase in value are coffee £53,040 and ginger £16,188. The value of each of the several articles of island produce exported bears the fol- lowing percentage proportion to their total aggregate value : - 1886-87. 1887–88. 1888–89. 1890-91. 1891-92. 16.3 9.1 19.4 Sugar Rum Coffee Dyewoods Fruit Pimento Other 19.8 22.6 15.6 14.4 16.2 3.4 17.3 12.2 19.3 21.2 21.6 2.7 5.7 13,1 11. 15.7 21.3 29.4 4.5 5. 15.6 15.7 20.7 18.7 17.7 25. 20.3 3.2 3.1 6.7 8.5 The exports from the colony during the past six years were distributed among the different countries in the following proportions :- 1886-87. 1887–88. 1888-89. 1890-91. | 1891-92. 38.6 1.3 United Kingdom Dominion of Canada United States Other Countries 43.9 40.2 1.6 43.2 15.0 37.3 2.3 50.2 10.2 32.4 2.1 55.3 10.2 32.7 2.3 50.9 10.2 16.2 292 HANDBOOK OP JAMAICA. VALUE OF IMPORTS ENTERED FOR CONSUMPTION. ARTICLES. 1882. 1883. 1884. 1885. FOOD STUFFS. From United Kingdom ” British Possessions . " U.S. of America " Other Countries £ 8. d. 60,352 3 8 168,182 17 4 252,829 12 11 3,189 10 0 £ 8. d. £ s. d. £ 5. d. 53,387 5 5 44,707 19 2 68,232 9 4 206,780 19 1211,327 17 2 193,482 4 3 276,298 13 7 293,291 7 3 337,891 199 1,188 197 725 5 11 836 1 4 537,655 17 8 550,052 9 6 600,442 14 8 Total Food Stuffs 484,554 3 11 LIQUORS, From United Kingdom . " British Possessions. " U.S. of America " Other Countries 48,720 13 5 350 3 1 630 6 9 3,551 18 11 53,253 2 2 63,114 2 2 67,956 91 297 17 7 451 4 8 739 3 3 1,017 90 3,944 16 10 2,525 9 3 68,095 19 1071,950 12 0 65,105 16 11 171 1 6 1,199 6 8 3,603 11 1 70,079 16 2 Total Liquors TOBACCO INCLUDING CIGABS. From United Kingdom " British Possessions. " U.S. of America » Other Countries 215 12 9 120 3 0 10,142 12 9 490 16 11 681 011 61 00 12,010 10 9 514 5 7 218 10 il 55 10 10,335 9 9 870 10 6 463 7 36 17 8,663 7 1,612 14 4 6 10 2 Total Tobacco 10,969 5 5 13,266 17 3 11,479 11 4 10,776 6 10 HOUSEHOLD FURNITURE. From United Kingdom 1 British Possessions " U.S. of America " Other Countries 12,147 11 4 7 1 7 3,140 18 4 214 18 4 11,160 11 11 15,223 1 1 13 7 0 6,013 19 2 6,302 13 6 134 8 5 158 15 1 17,308 19 6 21,697 16 8 18,108 12 11 7 3 0 5,949 16 0 392 17 4 24,458 9 3 Total Household Furniture. 15,510 97 CLOTHING INCLUDING BOOTS. From United Kingdom » British Possessions. " U.S. of America " Other Countries 393,056 15 11 396 6 3 6,799 8 3 388 10 8 189,897 6 946 13 9,981 10 380 13 9 465,544 6 1 431,553 4 7 1,087 15 11/ 1,700 7 4 8,489 5 10 8,109 6 1 2,108 5 6 2,523 14 7 6 7 0 Total Clothing 400,641 11 501,206 3 9 477,229 13 4 443,886 12 8 HARDWARE AND IRONMON- GERY. 57,704 18 716 7 6,056 7 4 4 7 From United Kingdom . " British Possessions. " U.S. of America " Other Countries Total Hardware and Iron- mongery 56,246 6 9 67,137 11 856 18 6 733 15 11,166 10 1 6,810 17 2 0 0 41 7 2 68,466 9 4 273 11 3 | 14.070 0 6 248 17 3 6 8 0 64,477 13 3 68,271 15 4 74,723 11 3 83,058 18 6 IMPORTS. 293 VALUE OF IMPORTS ENTERED FOR CONSUMPTION. 1886. 1887. 1888. 1889. 1890-91, 1891-92. £ 8. d. £ 8. d. 50.007 3 4 1 69,232 19 4 168,267 8 11 124,252 1 4 319,831 2 5 301,526 13 2 1,010 201 1,074 18 7 £ 8. d. 84,358 2 1 131,180 10 4 321,877 0 10 763 6 1 £ 8. d. 88,034 6 10 152,866 10 4 332 767 3 4 319 1 4 £ 8. d. 134,570 15 1 163,912 7 8 315,764 1 10 1,935 8 2 £ 8. d. 90,427 8 0 187,768 15 A 407,206 2 6 1,956 1 6 539,115 16 8 | 496,086 12 5 538,178 19 4 573,987 1 10 616,182 12 9 687,358 7 4 44.091 2 4 175 4 2 1,103 3 11 2,073 17 1 71,640 9 8 3 3 6 1,400 6 9 629 10 2 58,336 5 2 3 18 0 3,224 17 31 649 3 1 63,950 17 3 600 10 7 3,600 18 2 872 5 0 69,024 11 0 86,054 12 10 4,669 7 6 3,670 16 2 1,459 5 7 64,948 4 1 5,926 10 6 3,369 7 9 2,471 10 10 76,715 13 2 47,443 7 9 73,673 10 2 62,214 3 6 95,854 2 1 655 14 3 314 7 3 | 9,630 10 3 1,291 11 2 11,236 8 8 343 18 6 13,566 12 3 1,089 90 14,999 19 1 12,559 4 10 1,376 8 4 441 13 31 57 8 11 14,129 15 8 652 19 6 428 11 4 357 17 6 16,883 19 10 791 5 6 18,461 14 2 483 97 314 11 3 15,936 2 3 280 15 9 14,491 7 5 15,281 16 6 17,014 18 10 14,957 10 10 13,042 2 0 8 11 0 13 7 4 5,722 7 9 5,665 16 0 350 11 6 308 15 3 21,039 11 | 19,030 0 7 15,121 18 4 11 19 9 6,427 11 6 307 2 0 16,303 16 7 97 16 31 5,753 15 1 385 196 23,651 9 6 497 497 3 7 2 11,099 12 9 1,283 7 5 16,646 13 10 974 10 2 7,886 17 3 345 14 4 21,868 11 7 22,541 7 5 36,531 13 3 25,853 15 7 337,550 15 0 1,203 10 11 11,447 17 6 984 2 1 351,186 5 9 356,080 3 1 519,729 19 7 417,503 3 11 551,727 3 7 407,275 11 2 - 604 8 7 179 11 10 907 0 0 3,775 16 9 3,732 17 10 12,353 16 9 10,248 16 9 15,273 9 2 26,018 2 11 22,165 16 795 39 933 18 8 1,204 11 1 5,309 9 4 2,801 19 11 369,833 12 2 531,091 6 10 434,888 12 2 686,830 12 7 435,975 16 5 53,620 18 6 502 16 3 14,327 17 8 93 1 3 40,104 2 3 182 32 6,154 2 2 54 15 2 55,366 18 6 107 15 107 15 9 8,272 12 2 39 9 6 57,194 8 0 218 10 14 11,961 2 7 33 19 2 78,229 17 0 278 7 8 33,960 6 4 452 3 3 59,396 9 1 796 19 11 20,739 10 0 796 19 11 68,544 13 8 46,495 29 63,786 15 11 69,408 0 7 112,920 14 3 81,729 18 11 294 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. VALUE OF IMPORTS ENTERED FOR CONSUMPTIOX. ARTICLES. 1882. 1883. 1884. 1885. BUILDING MATERIALS. £ 8. d. £ 8. d. £ 8. d. £ 8. d. From United Kingdom " British Possessions. " U.S. of America " Other Countries Total Building Materials . 14,814 10 3 9,416 10 10 33,739 5 10 327 2 1 24,013 4 4 16,633 95 43,474 8 2 80 15 5 24,795 4 9,763 15 30,626 15 71 1 3 3 7 6 13,007 13 10 9,443 08 24,533 4 4 130 8 11 58,297 90 84,201 17 4 65,256 16 7 47,114 7 9 ESTATES' MACHINERY AND SUPPLIES. (Other than Food Stuffs, Liquors, &c.) From United Kingdom " British Possessions » U.S. of America " Other Countries 17,459 2 8 173 17 10 21,003 12 6 275 1 6 29,124 1 6 518 11 8 20,995 13 10 28,165 4 11 212 5 2 21,249 11 2 92 8 5 14,633 2 48 2 25,425 10 0 16 7 1 1 0 Total Estates Machinery and Supplies 38,911 14 6 50,638 7 0 49,719 9 8 40,107 10 9 OTHER MACHINERY & TOOLS. From United Kingdom . " British Possessions. » U.S. of America Other Countries 1,618 18 312 12 8 566 5 3 40 10 0 8,399 7 11 357 2 3 4,222 9 3 120 8 3 2,680 17 1 17 14 6 3,959 6 5 0 120 6,658 10 0 1,454 12 5 11 3 6 1,028 19 7 13 14 0 2,508 96 Totalother Machinery&Tools 2,537 9 7 13,099 7 8 COALS AND COKE. 28,659 9 2 From United Kingdom " British Possessions. " U.S. of America » Other Countries 28,069 6 10 200 0 10 1,311 05 8 0 0 21,272 19 10 244 7 2 319 3 7 28,392 15 882 15 474 8 3 3 0 200 0 0 28,859 9 2 Total Coals and Coke 29,588 8 1 21,836 10 7 29,836 6 6 BOOKS AND OTHER PRINTED MATTER. From United Kingdom " British Possessions . " U.S. of America " Other Countries 6,057 22 2 0 0 512 10 5 45 19 3 8,400 13 1 63 3 0 1,567 17 10 2 10 0 8,723 12 1 78 14 5 1,335 3 2 24 0 0 8,202 14 4 10 1,139 10 14 11 1 0 4 0 Total Books andother Printed Matter 6,617 11 10 10,034 3 11 10,161 9 8 9,361 6 5 MISCELLANEOUS. From United Kingdom » British Possessions . " U.S. of America " Other Countries 86,197 2 8 183,999 4 10 153,089 10 2 73,045 9 7 2,635 4 4 1 ,057 17 1 1,304 10 4 1,968 8 1 66,474 14 1 53,633 6 6 42,293 15 240,151 91 1,396 12 3 1,105 7 7 4,162 1 1 11,036 96 156,703 13 4 239,795 16 0 200,849 16 9 126,201 16 3 1,322,062 0 11 1,625,411 15 10 1,568,639 6 11 1,487,832 14 2 Total Miscellaneous Grand Total IMPORTS. 295 VALUE OF IMPORTS ENTERED FOR CONSUMPTION. 1886. 1887. 1888. 1 1889. I 1890-91. I 1891-92. $ 8. d. £ 8. d. £ 8. d. £ 8. d. 8,143 5 11 11,580 10 10 11,734 11 4 16,137 7 10 6,499 14 1 4,321 8 9 5,436 8 4 6 ,059 18 9 34,541 96 25,260 3 8 30,600 19 4 41,021 15 4 47 81 144 4 10 42 20 11 18 2 49,231 17 7 | 41,306 8 11 47,814 10 63,231 0 1 £ 8. d. 16,902 14 2 6 ,218 14 4 71,453 15 5 £ 8. d. 27,415 16 7 8,709 2 5 60,705 13 4 10 6 9 96,840 19 1 50 94,625 14 7 8,197 1 0 12,541 7 5 1,598 5 11 10,184 13 6 8,241 18 11 225 126 12,795 19 0 1,120 00 11,673 7 8 14 0 0 19,231 6 4 50 120 7,648 0 4 10,772 1 11 320 0 0 2,512 2 3 2 10 0 7,471 18 6 162 13 8 10,442 2 11 15 0 0 5 0 0 24,324 6 10 22,383 10 5 30,969 6 0 15,850 1 4 13,606 14 2 18,091 16 i 3,904 16 5 13,070 5 10 11 9 9 1,592 0 2 378 4 6 15,052 0 3 10,404 11 11 1,824 2 5 '78 5 9 12,307 0 1 8,548 11 6 84 191 14,338 2 4 2 0 0 2,931 14 11 64 11 0 11,187 17 1 60 16 0 34,447 2 6 374 6 0 11,366 0 0 457 13 0 12,933 10 7 633 18 4 12,538 7 0 17,436 8 3 46,060 17 25,391 1 11 37,144 16 4 165 18 10 615 4 0 351 4 0 25,614 1 7 79 6 3 38,571 11 11 215 1 0 10 4 0 33,268 1 0 187 17 6 31,519 7 9 300 13 0 2,744 6 11 31,881 16 6 709 6 3 3,403 7 0 3 15 0 35,998 4 9 38,277 3 2 25,693 7 10 38,796 16 11 33,455 18 6 34,574 7 8 8,275 4 11 14 06 1,206 18 8 37 13 11 7,754 16 112 10 944 8 14 5 11 0 1 0 9,908 5 1 4 10 0 1,097 12 10 4 14 0 8,972 1 0 36 11 5 935 17 8 18 13 0 11,010 166 3,948 34 9 8 0 2 0 9 3 9 9,209 14 2 '142 15 9 4,562 0 11 89 12 9 9,533 10 0 8,825 19 2 11,015 1 11 9,936 11 11 15,159 0 9 14,004 3 7 82,695 0 11 4,403 0 2 50,169 15 7 13,350 95 110,266 7 2 240,092 19 12,578 3 9 22,484 4 63,262 5 5 57,137 3 5,594 8 11 3,125 17 8 172,600 6 10 245,429 8 0 2 8,107 7 5 3,563 14 8 3 53,885 14 1 207,822 7 8 1 3,261 3 4 25,557 15 7 148,522 2 0 8,072 17 11 63,928 14 3 7,501 1 3 150,618 6 1 | 191,701 5 3 322,840 4 2 237,854 1 8 482,373 5 11 248,024 14 5 1,325,602 17 6 1,322,336 8 71,695,605 1 71,562,922 11 32,153,179 13 91,762,999 3 1 296 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. QUANTITY AND VALUE OF EXPORTS. 1882. 1883. 1884. 1885. ARTICLES. Quantity. Value. Quantity Value. Quantity. Value. Quantity. Value. SUGAR. Hhds. ito Hhds. £ Hhds. £ Ahds. £ To United Kingdom 23,104 369,668 14,250 229,818 10,650 144,531 6,262 69,436 ” British Possessions . 11,823 189,170 14,883 240,033 13,687 186,1505,176 57,396 » United States of America 3,198 51,178 4,600 74,183 6,425 88,873 15,739 174,508 " Other Countries 2671 4,267 471 7,602 657 8,891 585 6,485 Total Sugar . 38,392 614,283 34,204 551,636 31,419 428,445 27,762 307,825 RUM Puns. £ Puns. £ Puns. £ Puns. £ To United Kingdom . 20,945 272,289 18,400 206,994 18,039 195,427 17,370 195,484 " British Possessions 271 3,519' 450 5,066 342 3,700 484 4,342 " United States of America 337 4,385 263 2,956 211 2,281 205 2,311 " Other Countries 1,189 15,452 1,236 10,947 1,772 19,205 3,932 31,916 Total Rum 22,742 295,645 20,349 225,963 20,364 220,613 21,991 234,053 COFFEE Cwts. £ Cwts. £ Cwts. £ Cwts. $ To United Kingdom . 41,004 82,665 51,153 97,396 18,266 37,337 29,103 56,751 " British Possessions 4,489 9,049 6,303 12,001 4,223 8,629 7,751 15,118 " United States of America 13,411 27,037 15,034 28,626 19,346 39,544 31,436 61,302 " Other Countries 7,334 14,784 11,867 22,594 6,522 13,331 12,364 24,110 Total Coffee . 66,238 133,535 84,357 160,617 48,357 98,841 80,654 157,281 PIMENTO. | Cwts. £ Cwts. £ Cwts. £ Cwts. £ To United Kingdom . 57,498 85,327 67,613 81,407 85,583 71,889 | 70,340 43,330 » British Possessions 154 229 619 746 785 659 172 106 " United States of America 16,739 24,841 15,020 18,083 18,502 15,542 18,216 11,221 ” Other Countries . 1,631 2,420 2,029 2,443 5,602 4,706 6,632 4,085 Total Pimento . 76,022 112,817 85,281 102,679 110,472 92,796 95,360 58,742 DYEWOODS. Tons. £ Tons. £ Tons. £ Tons. To United Kingdom 25,630 76,516 29,016 86,845 42,242 125,772 44,364 120,008 " British Possessions 198 555 L 10 27 22 58 2256 " United States of America 4,620 13,749 | 498 1,486 751 2,239 2,991 8,100 ” Other Countries 4,084 12,214 4,083 12,232 4,023 12,001 11,224 30,304 Total Dyewoods . 34,532 103,034 33,607 100,590, 47,038 140,070 58,601 158,468 * At a Standard of 100 EXPORTS. 297 QUANTITY AND VALUE OF EXPORTS. 1886. 1887. 1888. 1889. 1890-91. 1891-92. Quantity. Value. Quantity. Value. Quantity. Value. Quantity. Value. Quantity. Value. Quantity. Value. IS * Hhds. £ Hhds. Hhds. Aho Hhds. £ Hhds. £ 3,112 34,506 2,354 24,322 2,522 27,968 1,598 16,509 12.143 134.637 121,253 219,588 512 5,680 1 399 4,119 9,832 104,068 2,409 32,792 1,212 13,636 229 2,479 2,488 26,343 2,219 30,201 2,033 22,865 1,164 12,576 14,084 149,062 | 12,959 176,353 17,506 196,953 22,067 238.323 844 8,929 | 369 5,020 243 2,734 194 2,097 18,289 202,791 25,604 264,538 27,248 288,402 17,956 244,366 20,994 236,188 23,654 255,475 DS Puns. £ Puns. Puns, Puns. £ Puns, & Puns. 12,520 156,500 21,423 267,790 230 2,876 273 3,412 212 2,654 558 6,980 1,802 22,515 | 1,872| 23,392 16,731 181,261 12,160 121,601 14,026 175,328 14,421 216,324 242 2631 2,631 223 2,233 249 3,105 328 4,922 238 2,586 374 3,744 437 5,468 838 12,578 1,473 15,942 991 9,914 1,224 15,296 1,460 21,914 14,764 184,545 24,126 301,574 | 18,684 202,420 13,748 137,492 15,936 199,197 17,047 255,738 Cwts. £ Cwts. £ Cwts. £ Cwts. £ Cwts. £ Cwts. 26,477 57,827 18,443 68,165 | 38,217 124,129 30,264 104,229 30,543 114,539 25,677 99,500 5,919) 12,925 '810 2,993 1,691 5,494 | 2,713 9,363 5,063 18,986 | 8,624 33,420 14,187 30,984 29,309 108,325 50,929 165,418 48,323 166,422 33,975 127,405 40,156 155,604 8,336 18,208 8,025 29,662 8,128 26,399 3,306 11,369 6,099 22,870 12,467 38,316 54,919 119,944 56,587 209,145 98,965 321,440 84,606 291,383 75,680 283,800 86,923 326,840 Cwts. 35,925 506 25,080 266 £ Cwts. £ 27,159 43,932 30,752 383 1201 141 18,961 17,529 12,270 201 3,835 2,685 94 Cwts. £ Cwts. £ Cwts. £ Cwts. £ 51,075 34,322 21,267 22,032 54,495 49,046 25,067 20,054 29 1 97 2011 181 7201 576 14,174 9,525 24,507 25,390 29,770 26,793 31,998 25,600 1,281 '862 311 323 5,896 5,306 | 5,944 4,755 66,559 44,728 46,179 47,842 90,362 81,326 63,729 50,985 61,777 46,704 65,497 45,848 Tons £ Tons. £ Tons. £ Tons. £ Tons. Tons. 40,300 120,677 29,765 96,158 50,824 176,919 60,466 195,852 57,870 301,436 37,525 131,035 501 1,503 1 340 1,104 415 1,452 436 1,411 653 165 140 480 5,521 16,394 9,208 29,896 19,883 69,220 27,603 89,499 22,254 77,680 22,735 79,310 18,760 56,276 23,801 76,918 32,309 113,159 28,569 92,997 30,817 107,773 27,343 95,650 65,082 194,850 63,114 204,076 103,431 360,750 117074 379,759 110994 387,054 87,743 306,475 liquid gallons each. U 298 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. QUANTITY AND VALUE OF EXPORTS. 1882. 1883. 1884. 1885. ARTICLES. Quantity. Value. Quantity. Value. Quantity. Value. Quantity. Value. FRUIT. Yo to Po * 231 ... 32 598 123,633 140 969 153,108 2,274 250,371 To United Kingdom " British Possessions " United States of America | " Other Countries Total Fruit ... 143 72,887 262 181,654 124,269 154,246 253,019 lbs. TOBACCO (INCLUDING CIGARS). To United Kingdom " British Possessions " United States of America » Other Countries 21,763 937 2,876 2,466 77,476 7,430 1,510 259 5,158 741 235 1,523 916 368 541 411 504 171 1,094 Total Tobacco 104581 14,357 3,436 2,455 2,180 . MINOR PRODUCTS (INCLUDING GINGER). To United Kingdom " British Possessions " United States of America » Other Countries ... 37,998 5,906 16,552 2,981 28,580 8,936 19,863 5,779 53,635 8,191) 33,930 12,769 41,444 3,779 16,307 21,227 ... Total Minor Products. 63,437 63,158 ... 108,525 ... 82,767 & Head. Head. 1,056 980 80 CATTLE. Head. To United Kingdom " British Possessions » United States of America » Other Countries 497 Total Cattle 915 10 98 4,26682 4,266 88 497 960 188 1,971 109 1,078 HORSEKIND. Head. £ Head. f Head. £ Head. £ To United Kingdom " British Possessions 39 695 23 680 75 1,917 37 905 » United States of America " Other Countries 5,578 112 2,004 106 2,248 61 1,134 Total Horsekind . 399 6,273 135 2,584 181 4,165 A 165198 98 2,039 MISCELLANEOUS. Vix.- Foreign Produce re- esported. To United Kingdom 36,398 48,149 18,530 3,713 " British Possessions 9,342 12,268 19,730 " United States of America 14,079 11,734 28,567 148,448 " Other Countries 17,322 31,427 44,413 ... 55, 754 Total Miscellaneous 77,141 103,578 133,089 ... 227,645 Grand Total 1,549,067 1,469,447 1,483,989 ... 1,413,722 41,579 EXPORTS. 299 QUANTITY AND VALUE OF EXPORTS-oontinued. 1886. 1887. 1888. 1889. 1890-91. 18891-92. Quantity Value. Quautity. Value. Quantity. Value. Quantity. Value Quantity, Value. Quantity. Value. • * Ht to Ho 3,229 3,877) 2,237 3,981 864 210,042 694 112 539 346,553 448 2,492 1,787 316,004 3,770 ... 226,809 685 2,225 2,698 309,694 524,030 ... 40 56 232,960 215,581 337,652 320,323 531,726 314,673 lbs. lbs. 9 lbs. 822 1,130 575 3 lbs. 1.002 297 1,715 176 88 370 509 289 1,457 1,028 3,942 lbs. 909 2,373 656 2,134 501 149 857 2,013 642 3,109 722 1,323 895 337 1,333 581 3,275 2,287 5,723 385 1,136 2,345 9,714 1,585 2,861 568 4,449 4,094 6,703 2,196 6,150 2,420 7,108 3,520 6,072 2,877 5,598 19,848 9,463 47,932 6,771 22,485 14,661 46,218 1,926 18,456 23,335 48,719 1,715 30,964 18,124 44,485 3,128 15,171 9,573 52,954 2,152 17,643 8,354 81,103 58,103 1,784 31,547 16,151 91,849 89,935 99,522 72,357 1 ... 107,585 Head Head. Head. 106 92 1,000 10 118 1,212 93 1,010 79 790 26 260 Head. Hegd. Head. ead. £ 943 50 3,299 62 850 £ Head, 10012 816 12 *177 70 1,128 365 341 66 41 345 1,434 2,377 1.265 18 341 100 67 3,426 ... 1,092 23 1,543 60,149 4,218 109,899 27,537 63,258 6,808 25,263 71,660 67,445 4,661 18,378 24, 255 3,417) 10,981 75,124 6,208 44,147 12,927 56,763 60,705 174,542 ... 1,509,010 ... 31,538 27,784 24,051 9,946 201,803 114,739 95,730 93,319 166,989 1,828,590 1,280,119 ... ... 1,614,824 1,902,814 ... 1,722,096 TT 300 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA, TOTAL NUMBER, TONNAGE, AND CREWS OF SAILING AND BRITISH, With Cargoes. 1 In Ballast. Total. With Cargoes. Year. Vessels. Vessels. Crews. Tons. Vessels. Crews. Tons. Vessels. Tons. Crews. lons. 179 1881-82 1882-83 1883-84 1884-85 1885-86 1886-87 1887-88 1888-89 *1890-91 1891-92 SAILING J 184 31,241 1,388 22 5.845 220 206 37,086 1,608 125 30,362972 452 246) 43,090 1,918 106 29,921 874 174 24,091 1,266 486 230 38,367 1,752 93 26,668 750 28,007 1,354 78 19,053 669 256 47,060 2,023 80 23,966 687 1831 23,089 1,280 56 14,395 464 239 37,484 1,744 75 23,901 64 ; 167 19,079 1,183 54 12,283 397 221 31,362 1,580 63 18,550 516 169 20,229 1,209 60 15,706 482 229 35,935 1,691 86 30,308 767 154 16,053 1,090 58 14,503 460 212 30,556 1,550 57 14,567 443 184 20,996 1,225 31 10,954 279 215 31,950 1,504 67 10,587 519 169 23,811 1,247 211 5,008 166 190 28,819 1,413 62 18,263 493 STEAM 182 190,836 7,962 62 67,028 2,352 244 257,864 10,314 13,463 1,900 179 182,957 7,863 73 72,086 2,928 252 255,043 10,791 36,472 2,087 244 233,199 9,077 105 94,338 3,805 349 327,537 12,882 91 36,566 2,493 280 296,563 11,742 41/24,303 1,031 321 320,866 12,773 75 49,450 2,141 290 292,709 11,669 55 28,1381 1.291) 345 320,847 12,9601 82| 42,496] 2,126 299 318,892 11,815 66 37,965 1,486 365 356,857 13,301 17 6,589 300 395 373,356 14,583 94 46,011 1,890 489, 419,367 16,473 20 10,604 379 . 361 367,667 14,496 45 21,206 861 406 832,873 15,357 36 23,793 736 | 381 365,887 14,641 36 23,187 899 417 389,074 15,540 153 76,799 2,841 322 370,871 14,060 26 19,160 637 348 390,031 14,697 128 61,694 2,351 67 1881-82 1882-83 1883-84 1884-85 1885-86 1886-87 1887-88 1888-89 *1890-91 1891-92 TOTAL NUMBER, TONNAGE, AND CREWS OF SAILING AND BRITISH. With Cargoes. In Ballast. Total. With Cargoes. Year. Vessels. Vessels. Crews. Vessels. Crews. ans Vessels. Tons. ew.. Crews. Tons. Tons. 1881-82 1882-83 1883-84 1884-85 1885-86 1886-87 1887-88 1888-89 *1890-91 1691-92 51 5,378 SAILING 153 24,987 1,167 55 12,586 455 208 37,573 1,622 147| 36,399 1,203 200 32,239 1,519 52 9,686 423 252 41,925 1,942) 117] 28,102 983 186 31,454 1,408 53 9,222 371| 239 40,676 1,779 111] 33,161) 989 207 34,889 1,631 66 11,183 475) 273 46,072 2,106/ 126 40,917| 1,182 212 28,969 1,460 67 8,193 385 269 37,192 1,845 148 52,267 1,382 194 23,581 1,330 43 5,238 282 237 28,819 1,612 116 40,508 1,074 204 30,745 1,485 38 4,017 220 242 34,762 1,705 222 84,350 2,130 183 25,119 1,339| 33 3,358 208 216 28,4771 1,547 247 93,510 2,347 J 177 27,575 1,289 319 228) 32,953 1,608 213 85,123 2,068 126 18,900 953 8,363 | 374 181 27,263 1,327 201 76,746 1,916 STE A M 199 206,163 8,829 44 50,373 1,725 243 256,536 10,551 83 52,485 2,668 190 198,357 8,717 57 51,0611,739 247 249, 418 10,456 100 57,611 2,997 295 271,118 11,107 39 45,027 1,461 334 316,145 12,568 104 59,179 2,726 282 276,833 11,124 39 44,603 1,310 321 321,438 13,443 88 43,536 2,236 317 297,482 12,314 20 17,510 520 337 314,992 12,83493 45,781 2,279 1 3361325-770 12 398) 2423.1021595) 360 348.872 12.9931 301 13.4251 642 438 372,104 14,671 15 13,538 364 453 385,642 15,035 26 13,037 471 424 374,995 14,773 8 6,532 155 432 381,527 14,928 40 30,326 762 398/371,249 15,095 24 25,484 637 422 396,733 15,732 207 102,279 3,795 318 355,559 13,824 23 25,362 566 341 388,891 14,390 172 91,510 3,116 1881-82 1882-83 1883-84 1884-85 1885-86 1886-87 1887-88 1888-89 *1890-91 1891-92 * Year ending 31st March, 1891. SHIPPING. 301 STEAM VESSELS ENTERED IN THE PORTS OF JAMAICA. FOREIGN. TOTAL In Ballast. Total. With Cargoes. In Ballast. Total. Vessels. Crews. Vessels. Crews. Vessels. Vessels. Crews. Tons Vessels. Crews. Tons long Crews. VES SELS. 61 14,227 446 176 44,589 1,418 309 61,603 2,360 73 20,072 666 382 81,675 3,026 43 9,225 349 149 39,149 1,223 302 58,791 2,340 93 23,445 801 395 82,236 3,141 68 24,025 649 161 50,693/ 1,399 267! 50,759 2,016) 124 38,301 1,135| 3911 89,0601 3.151 85/ 28,951! 824) 165 52,9171,511 259 51,973) 2,041/ 163 48,004 1,493| 422 99,977) 3,534 92 36,196) 9101 167 60,097 1,556 2581* 46,990 1,926 148 50,591] 1,374! 406 97,5813,300 103) 41,521) 1,030 166 60,071/1,545 230 37,629 1,698 157 53,804 1,429 387 91,433 3.125 161) 65,227 1,589 247 95,535 2,356 255 50,537 1,976 221 80,933 2,071 476 131,470 4,047 197 81,795 1,968 254 96,362 2,411 211 30,620 1,533 255 96,298 2,428 466 126,918) 3,961 155 69,520 1,600 222 88,107 2,119 251 39,583 1,744 186 80,474 1,879 437 120,057 3,623 149 65,414 1,540 211 83,677|2,033 1,706 401| 112,496 3,446 VESSELS. 24 18,239 920 89 54,681 2,820 247 227,308 9,862 86 85,237 3,272 333 312,545 13,134 46 30,503 1,381 113 67,069 3,468 246 219,523 9,950 119 102,589 4,309 365 322,112 14,259 34 28,011 1,027 125 77,461/ 3,520 335 282,649 11,570 139 122,349 4,832 474 404,998 16,402 27 12,141 550 102 54,909 2,691 355 339,331 13,883 68 36,444 1,581 423 375,775 16,464 14 5,2001 234| 96 47,696 2,360 372 335,205 13,7951 69 33,338] 1,525 441368,543 16,320 13 4,743 220 30 11,332 520 316 325,481 12,115 79 42,708 1,706 395 368,189 13,821 6 2,461 121 26 13,065 500 415 383,960 14,962 100 48,472 2,011 515 432,432 16,973 9 4,713 139 45 28,506 873 397 385,460 15,230 54 25,919 1,000 451 411,379 16,230 46 19,295 793 199 96,094 3,634 534 442,686 17,482 82 42,482 1,692 616 485,168 19 174 65 28,886 2,114 193 90,580 3,465 450 432,665 16,411 91 48,046 1,751 541 480,611 18,162 STEAM VESSELS CLEARED THE PORTS OF JAMAICA. FOREIGN. TOTAL. In Ballast. Total. With Cargoes. In Ballast. Total. Crews. Vessels. Vessels. Tong. Tons. Tons. Vessels. Crews. Vessels. Tons. Crews. ons Crews. VES SELS. 27 7,895 39 13,713 36 10,126) 30 9,727 659 382 81,867 3,029 763 40883,740 3,265 651 386 83,963 3,048 708 429 96,716 3,521 618 445) 99,509 3,460 370 363 73,297 2.774 284 472 121,937 3,899 264 471 124,217 3,950 454 4601 123,455 3,811 605 410 113,023 3,474 11 3,970 8 2,825 8/ 2,230 19 5,379 28 9,014 VESSELS. 1,941 9,815 70/ 83 20+ 174 44,294 1,407 300 61,386 2,3701 82 20,481 340 156| 41,815 1,3231 317| 60,3411 2 502 911 23,399 280) 147| 43,287) 1,269 297 64,615 2,397 89 19,348| 233 156 50,644 1,415| 333/ 75,806 2,813 96 20,910 233 176 62,347 1,615 360 81,236 2,842 85 18,273 88 126 44,478 1,162 309 64,089 2,404 54 9,208 230 87,175 2,194 426 115,095 3,615 46 6,842 255 95,740 2,403 430 118,629 3,686 3,588 232 90,502 2,203 390 112,698 3,357 10,757 229 85,760 2,147 327 95,646 2,869 17,377 90 54,426 2,810 282 258,648 11,497 51 62,314 113 67,426 3,481 290 255,968 11,714 70 60,876 747 125 75,383 3,473 399 330,297 13,833 333 99 51,375 2,568 370 320,371 13,360 50 52,442 601 961 47,781/2,339| 410 343,263 14,593 23 19,510) .1 301 13,425 542) 366 339,195/ 12,940' 24 23,102) 301 27 13,176 501) 464 385,141 15,142 16 13,677 29 42 30,848 791 464 405,321 15,535 107,054 186 220 105,093 3,981 605 473,528 18,890 37 28,298 19 173 92,012 3,135 490 447,069 16,940 24 25,864 7.839 3,200 w we 1,867 333 310,962 13,364 2,223 360 316,844 13,937 2,208 459 391,528 16,041 1,643 420 372,813 15,003 580| 433 362,773 15,173 695| 390 362,297 13,535 394 480 398,818 15,536 184 474 412,375 15,719 823 642 501,826 19, 713 585 514 472,933 17,525 139 522 2,814 502 302 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. CURRENCY OF JAMAICA. An Act, 24 Geo, II., chap. 19 (part of sec. 9), is still in force, though it has become from altered circumstances almost obsolete. It provides that no payment shall be deemed good but in current coin of gold or silver, unless when both parties agree for payment in sugar or other produce. The Acts relating to the metallic currency are 3 Victoria, chap. 39, “ to provide for the assimilation of the currency of this island with the currency of the United Kingdom ;" 5 Victoria, chap. 28 ; 6 Victoria, chap. 40 ; 7 Victoria, chap. 51 ; Law 49 of 1869; and Law 13 of 1880 ; and the several Proclamations bearing on the coinage are of the following dates : 14th September, 1838, 19th August, 1853, 9th March, 1854, 23rd October, 1863, 10th November, 1866, and 11th November, 1869. A Proclamation was issued on 23rd October, 1863, calling attention to the fact that the fractional parts of the dollar of Foreign States were not a legal tender, and pro- hibiting their reception in payment of Customs duties or taxes. Subsequently, under Law 8 of 1876, the silver dollar itself ceased to be a legal tender. The only paper currency within the island consists of the notes of the Colonial Bank, which, originally commencing business in this island under a Royal Charter, now carries on its operations under the Imperial Act, 19 and 20 Victoria, chap. 3, (Private Act) entitled “ An Act to extend the period limited for the exercise of the powers of the Colonial Bank and for other purposes." The Island Act regulating Banks not established under Royal Charter or by Act of Parliament is the Act 7 Victoria, chap. 47. The money of account in Jamaica is pounds, shillings and pence, sterling. By the present Law of Jamaica all silver coins above the value of sixpence current in Great Britain are legal tender here to any amount while those under sixpence are legal tender to the extent of forty shillings in one payment, but to no greater extent (7 Vic., chap. 51); and all copper coins current in Great Britain are legal tender here to the extent of twelve pence in one payment, but to no greater extent (6 Vic., chap. 40); but there is now no copper coinage current in Great Britain, and the bronze coinage which has superseded it has not been made current here by Proclamation. The other coins current here are-Spanish and Mexican doubloons of full weight at £3 4s. (Colombian and other Spanish and Mexican doubloons are seldom worth more than £3 each); all American gold coins of $5 and upwards at the rate of £1 Os. 6d. per $5 (one dollar gold pieces are only current at 4s. 1d.); gold coins current in Great Britian and Ireland, and British silver crowns, half-crowns, florins, shil. lings and sixpences, all of which are legal tender to any extent. By Law 49 of 1869 the issue of a nickel currency of pennies and half-pennies is authorized, and these coins are a legal tender to the extent of one shilling and of one sixpence respectively. Law 13 of 1880 authorizes the issue of nickel farthings, which are a legal tender to the extent of threepence in one payment. COINS IN CIRCULATION. British coins, gold and silver, of all denominations Doubloons Mexican and Spanish at £3 4 0 Colombian - 3 0 0 Aliquot parts in proportion. American (United States) Gold Double Eagle at £4 20 u Single - 2 1 0 Half 1 0 6 « Quarter - 0 10 3 « Dollar 0 4 1 Jamaica-Nickel Coins : Penny, Half-penny, Farthing. There are no means of ascertaining with accuracy the amount of specie introduced into the island at any period, but the following is a statement of the value of the gold CURRENCY. 303 and silver coin imported and exported by the Colonial Bank in each of the years from 1st January, 1872, to 31st December, 1891 :- 1876 Years. Imported. Exported. 1872 £38,500 00 £26,631 13 4 1873 26,700 0 0 23,250 0 0 1874 52,900 00 12,438 15 0 1875 9,500 00 46,250 0 0 14,880 14 6 10,061 3 1877 5,000 0 0 63,732 100 1878 Nil 26,917 0 1879 Nil 59,418 1880 7,600 0 0 31,645 5 0 1881 Nil 20,541 10 0 1882 66,300 00 21,459 7 6 1883 86,142 18 4 30,675 0 0 1884 33,200 0 0 41,490 0 0 1885 Nil 108, 102 00 1886 2,500 00 91,885 00 1887 98,600 0 0 15,375 00 1888 59,400 0 0 31,775 0 0 1889 20,400 0 0 46,125 0 0 1890 59,200 0 0 69,493 6 8 1891 10,100 00 41,500 0 0 The rates for the selling of Bills of Exchange at the Colonial Bank and at the Bank of Nova Scotia are as follow: RATES FOR SELLING ON LONDON. 90 Days par. 60 Days 30 Days 3/4 Sight 1 per cent. Drafts on Messrs. Lloyd's Bank, Limited, drawn to order on demand, are sold at the following rates : Not exceeding £10 Not exceeding £35 at 71 » » 40 , 81 50 , 101 - Issued up to £1000 at same ratio. RATES FOR SELLING ON NEW YORK. Demand Drafts only issued ; price varies according to Exchange quotation at New York. 3/8 het aan STAFF OF COLONIAL BANK. Oscar Marescaux, Manager. E. J. D. Gibbs, Clerk. J. B. Laing, Actg. Asst. Manager. J. H. Aikman E. L. Marshall, Šub. Acct. W. Lamb J. A. Robison, Cashier. J. W. Toone R. McCutchin, Clerk. C. A. Hicks A. S. Duff J. W. Pearse W. A. Hosking » C. P. Edwards H. D. B. Edwards, T. A. Smith J. L. Davidson A. H. L. Paino J. F. Kirton C. L. Hall, Jr. The annexed statement shows the circulation of the Colonial Bank for twenty years, that is, from 1872 to 1891 inclusive. * of this amount £2,936 38. 4d. was exported to Hayti, 304 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. COLONIAL BANK. Year. Quarter. Weekly Average Circulation. Yearly Average. 1872 31st March 30th June 30th September 31st December 153,587 168,064 154,892 140,020 154,141 1873 31st March 30th June 30th September 31st December - 148,393 164,571 150,231 148,418 152,903 1874 1 31st March 30th June 30th September 31st December 175,888 168,981 159,827 148,948 163,411 1875 31st March 30th June 30th September 31st December 167,486 176,217 155,439 148,489 161,907 1876 31st March 30th June 30th September 31st December UU 162,783 163,771 147,524 134,381 152,115 Average Circulation for the 5 years, 1872-76 £156,895 1877 31st March 30th June 30th September 31st December 152,537 151,302 136,893 130,156 142,722 1878 '. 31st March 30th June 30th September 31st December 135,586 134,939 126,689 124,935 130,537 1879 31st March 30th June 30th September 31st December 135,929 138,224 126,817 135,983 134,238 1880 31st March 30th June 30th September 31st December 146,907 145,771 134,383 127,094 138,539 1881 - 1 31st March 30th June 30th September 31st December 123,560 120,748 112,005 117,002 118,328 Average Circulation for the5 years, 1877-81) £132,872 CURRENCY. 305 COLONIAL BANK. Year. Quarter. Weekly Average Circulation. Yearly Average. 1882 318t March 30th June 30th September 31st December 124,764 136,739 137,510 140,007 134,755 1883 . 31st March 30th June 30th September 31st December 147,978 162,481 152, 181 146,485 152,281 1884 31st March 30th June 30th September 31st December 150,287 159,553 154,650 144,151 152,160 1885 31st March 30th June 30th September 31st December 140,977 145,363 137,964 124,098 137,100 1886 31st March 30th June 30th September 31st December 121,313 128,674 122,514 121,075 98,715 Average Circulation for the 5 years 1882-86 £135,002 - 1887 . 31st March 30th June 30th September 31st December 123,644 133,555 128,023 139,978 105,040 1888 31st March 30th June 30th September 31st December 151,642 169,685 157,061 152,326 124,143 1889 31st March 30th June 30th September 31st December 154,518 152,079 143,775 152,378 . 150,737 1890 31st March 30th June 30th September 31st December 158,265 161,585 164,650 173,556 164,514 1891 31st March 30th June 30th September 31st December 171,614 173,108 163,685 157,014 . 166,355 Average Circulation for the 5 years 1887-91 £142,158 306 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. STAFF OF BANK OF NOVA SCOTIA. W. E. Stavert, Agent. I J. Imrie, Teller. William Gauld, Clerk. FOREIGN MONEYS AND THEIR ENGLISH EQUIVALENTS. Country. Chief Coin. English Value. Country. Chief Coin. English Value. 0 18.00 M OO £ 8. d. £ 8. d. Argentine, Chili and Uru. Holland and Java Florin guay Dollar 0 4 2 Do. 10-Florin (gold)- Austria and Hungary Florin ( 0 1 11 India Rupee (about) 0 1 7 Belgium Franc 0 0 94 Do. Mohur, 15 do. (gold) Brazil Milrei 0 2 11 Italy Lira Canada and Untd. States Dollar 4 2 Japan 1 Yen China 1 Tael of Silver - Do. 10-Yen Piece (gold) 2 1 Do. Dollar (varies) : 0 4 6 Mexico, Chili & Peru | Dollar (about) - Cuba Dollar 4 2 Persia Toman Denmark and Sweden Kronor Portugal Milrei (about) - Egypt Piastre Russia Silver Rouble(pr.2/6) 0 3 50-Piast. Piece (gold)| 0 10 27 Spain 1 Peseta 0 0 0 Do. 98-Piastres Sweden and Norway 18-Kronor 1 0 0 France Franc Switzerland Franc 0 0 91 Germany 1 Mark Turkey 1 Piastre (nearly) 0 0 21 Do. 20-Mark (gold). 0 19 7 £-Turkish Greece Drachma (100 lepta) 0 0 9 West Indies* . Dollar 04 Do. TOO OOO OROOO OOON Do. In the above Table the equivalent values are given as near as possible, but generally Foreign moneys are not exactly commensurate with English, as the course of exchange continually varies, affecting consequently the relative values. * In these, as in all British Colonial Possessions, English money of every denomination is current. EDUCATION. 307 PART VIII. EDUCATION. Knowing the sad state of ignorance that prevailed among the prædial classes of the West Indies during the days of slavery one of the first subjects to which the friends of emancipation turned their attention after the abolition of slavery. was the education of the working classes. The funds of Lady Mico's Charity were exclusively devoted to this philanthropic object being supplemented by a large annual grant from the Imperial Parliament, and elementary schools were started in all directions. In Jamaica there was the greatest enthusiasm in the cause of popular education; “but unfortunately the demand for schools were greatly in excess of the supply of properly trained or educated teachers. The consequence was that the majority of the schools established were ex- tremely inefficient, the system of instruction employed in nearly all of them being the antiquated rote or sound-witbout-sense system, which produced nothing but the barest mechanical results. Indeed a considerable number were dame schools of the lowest stamp that did not deserve the name of school.” The attendance of the scholars soon began to decline; many of the schools were closed, others languished and grew more inefficient for want of sympathy and proper attention and a general indifference with regard to the whole subject of education took possession of the public mind. The grant from the Imperial Parliament was discontinued in 1841 and the operations of the Trustees of the Mico Charity became contracted. This very unsatis- factory state of things continued for more than 20 years, during which all that was done for elementary education in Jamaica was the voting of the sum of £3,000 per annum by the local legislators and the subsidizing of some rural schools by the parochial vestries. But no good whatever was derived from these yearly votes for educational purposes as the awards were not regulated by any fixed principle, or made conditional on the attainment of any defined standard either of efficiency or numbers inattendance. In 1864 a report embodying an account of the defective state of the schools inspected, and urging the adoption of a system “whereby the annual grants in aid might be determined on the more satisfactory basis of payment by results," was presented to the Government and laid before the Assembly, but no action was taken and matters continued in this most unsatisfactory way until the outbreak in 1865. For a time no consideration whatever was given to the question, but when the excitement subsided it became apparent that the adoption of effective measures for the extension and improvement of the education of the people should claim the early attention of the Government. Consequently Sir John Peter Grant soon after his arrival turned his atten. tion to the subject, and the principles of the scheme that had been previously submitted to the Assembly were duly considered, with the result that in the year 1867 the code was adopted which with some modification and addition is still in force. The first inspection under these regulations took place in 1868, when of 286 schools inspected it was found that only 96 came up to the Government standard, of which one only was placed in the first class, six were placed in the second class and eighty-nine in the third class. Thus a large proportion of the schools (two-thirds of the whole) failed to attain the standard required. This was a result that was not anticipated, and many of the school managers, who had formed erroneous conceptions of the character of their schools, were * Mr. Savage's Historical Sketch of Education in Jamaica. 308 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. greatly disappointed, but, in the vast majority of instances, the disappoint- ment was borne in an admirable spirit and with a determination on the part of the managers and teachers to do better for the future. The consequence was that every year thereafter there was a steady increase in the number of schools in operation, as well as marked improvement in their management. But the paucity of competent teachers which caused the failure of the educa. tion movement first referred to continued as the great obstacle to educational success. To meet this difficulty the Government in 1870 established a Train. ing College at Stony Hill and subsidising the Mico Training Institution for the purpose of securing the education of a number of normal pupils in addi. tion to those on the foundation. Thus, besides the private training pupils, twenty-three young men were in 1860 under training as schoolmasters at the public charge. This number was annually increased, and in 1881 a scheme was introduced for giving aid to denominational or voluntary training colleges, under which, especially after it was extended and placed on a more liberal footing in 1887, the whole number of students under training has gone up rapidly and is now over 150. The Government College for such Teachers was closed in 1890 but the students were drafted into the Mico and the volun. tary colleges. In 1885 a Government Female Training College was opened, where 22 students are under training. Another great improvement in the educational system was also introduced in 1870, namely, the making of “opening grants” for the purpose of enabling trustworthy managers or teachers to establish new schools in destitute dis- tricts; and this was extended in 1878 so as to provide for the rebuilding or repair of school houses already in existence. The sum of £1,500 is annually paid by the Government under these heads. The following shows the state of education in the island at the date of the taking of the Census in 1881 and 1891 :- 1881. 1891. Can Read and Write 115,418 177,795 Can Read only 115,650 114,493 Total 231,068 292,288 Attending School 67,402 99,769 In 1881 education in common with other interests sustained a severe check owing to the results of the disastrous cyclone of 1880. The average number of children attending the schools fell from 32,871 to 26,649; the number of first and second class schools from 70 to 53 and from 238 to 194, respectively; and the total grants from £18,992 17s. to £17,523 58., a decrease of £1,469 12s. Since then a steady recovery has taken place as will be seen by the following table :- Number of Schools. Scholars en rolled on Books. Scholars in Average Attendance, | Government Grants, in- cluding Build ing Grante. Year. First Class Schools. Second Class Schools. | Fees. 08 Average Average Grant to Grant per each School unit of exclusive Average of Building Attendance. Grants. £10 8 0 £0 4 10 20 5 0 26 00 0 10 23 7 7 0 12 27 10 0 0 11 33 90 0 11 1868 1871 1876 1886 1891 1892 286 408 569 687 723 19,764 12,216 £2,978 £3,107 33,343 19,644 9,460 5,873 46,654 27,270 16,251 6,661 45 48,960 26,649 17,544 4,783 52 61,571 34,825 21,375 6,738 70 80.199 44.410 29.379 83,731 | 45,927 | 30,736 | 8,803 | 128 1881 157 195 254 288 | 329 logorozna 836 0 12 877 31 10 EDUCATION. 309 On 11th June, 1885, a Commission was appointed by Sir Henry Wylie Norman, under the presidency of the Colonial Secretary, to examine into and consider the whole question of the state of elementary education in the colony, with a view to recom- mending such changes in the existing system as might seem necessary. The mem- bers of the Commission, in addition to the Colonial Secretary, were, the Hon. C. B. Mosse, the Hon. T. Capper, the Hon. Geo. Henderson, the Very Rev. Father Porter, the Ven. Archdeacon Douet, Rev. T. B. Butcher, Rev. D.J. East, Rev. W. Gillies, the Hon. Wm. Ewen, and Geo. Stiebel, Esq., with Mr.L. R. Fyfe as Secretary. Before the presentation of the full report of the Commission an ad interim report was presented to His Excellency recommending a large extension of the assistance given to Training Colleges generally, with a view of increasing the number of properly trained teachers. This report was endorsed by the Legislative Council and the necessary expenditure sanctioned. As a result of this decision the number of students in training in the various Training Colleges has been increased from about 78 to 150. The final report of the Education Commission was presented to His Excellency the Governor on the 9th July, 1886, and was published in the Jamaica Gazette on the 26th August. The most important of the recommendations of the Commission were (1) that “the provision of suitable residences should be deemed, at least in country districts, a necessary complement to the emoluments of teachers,” and that grants for the purpose should be made by Government on the same principles as now govern the grants-in-aid of school buildings, (2) that a system of superannuation allowance and gratuities for teachers, to a strictly limited extent, should be adopted, (3) that attendance at school should be made compulsory between the ages of 7 and 13, (4) that school fees should be abolished, (5) that a Central Board of Education to be “ de- liberative, consultative and advisory,” “as well as a Board of review," should be constituted, and (6) that Local Education Boards should also be established. The Commission included in their report suggestions as to the best means of raising the amount required to meet the additional expense which would be entailed by the adoption of their recommendations. In the Session of the Legislative Council held in the early part of 1892, two Bills were passed relating to Elementary and Secondary Education respectively, based to a considerable extent on the Report of the Education Commission. The first of these provided for the creation of a Central Board, to be presided over by the Head of the Education Department, whose functions should be mainly advisory, but without whose recommendation no new school should receive aid, nor any change be made in the Code of Regulations. Provision was also made for the payment of a grant in lieu of fees to all schools where fees are not charged ; for the enactment by the Governor, in his discretion, on the recommendation of the Board, on, or after the 1st January, 1895, of compulsory attendance at Elementary Schools in such towns or districts as he may designate; for the establishment of small scholar- ships to assist needy scholars from the Elementary Schools to obtain higher Edu- cation in the Secondary Schools ; and for the enforcement of a conscience clause simi- lar to the English. The Code then in force was to remain so until altered on the recommendation of the Board. The Secondary Education Law provided for the establishment of Secondary Schools in any important centres declared by the Governor in Privy Council, on the recommendation of the Board, to be without adequate provision for Secondary Edu- cation, and for the granting of Scholarships to scholars in such schools to enable the more promising of them to continue their education at High Schools or Colleges. The following are the chief provisions of the present Code :- 1. Standards of school management are carefully defined and published for circu- lation among all the schools. These standards define excellence, or the highest degrees of efficiency in the eleven branches of school management that are made the subjects of examination at the annual inspections of the schools, which are :-- Reading Writing from dictation Chief subjects. Arithmetic 310 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. Scripture knowledge General knowledge Grammar and Composition Geography and History Handwriting Secondary subjects. . Singing Organization Discipline 2. A system of marks is employed to determine the relative merits of the work submitted for examination, or the degrees of efficiency to which the schools have at- tained in each branch, as tested by the standards, thus :- 1 Mark represents - Little 4 Marks represent – Good. 2 Marks represent - Moderate - Very good. 3 « Ko - Fair. 1 6 6 6 - Excellent. In the chief subjects these marks are to be doubled throughout, i.e., from 2 for « Little” to 12 for “ Excellent.” 3. The schools are ranked in three classes, according to the number of marks that may be awarded to them at the annual inspections, when the results achieved during the year are measured by the standards, thus :- A first class must obtain 56 marks and 8 marks in each of the chief subjects or of the total obtainable. A second class 42 inarks and 6 marks in each of the chief subjects or of total. A third class 28 marks and 4 marks in each of the chief subjects or of total. The total number of marks obtainable is 84. 4. New schools or such as come under examination for the first time, and may not obtain the full number of 28 marks, may be recommended for aid at a lower rate when they attain to 24 marks at least and are called “ exceptional.” All previously examined schools that do not register 28 marks, and all new schools below 24 marks, are returned as “failures” and are not entitled to receive any Go- vernment grants-in-aid. Schools that obtain less than 4 marks in arithmetic obtain a reduced grant. 5. Grants-in-aid are awarded by the Government on the principle of payment for results, the amounts being determined on two conditions according to the following scale :- Exceptional First Class Second Class Third Class Schools half of Schools, Schools. | Schools. Third Class. vo 0 First-CAPITATION GRANT. For each pupil in average attendance during the year Second-CLASS GRANT. For each mark obtained at the an- nual examinations 7 0 6 0 3 0 In addition to these grants three shilings are also allowed for each girl taught sew- ing, calculated on the average number of girls attending the sewing class during the year. Under the Education Law of 1892 a “fee grant” of 4s. for each child under 14 in average attendance is paid to each school on the receipt of a certificate from the Manager that no payment for tuition or otherwise is required or received from any such child. 6. Annual grants are also given by the Government to first class schools for the training of pupil teachers, who shall personally pass a satisfactory examination in ac- cordance with the Government Regulations relating thereto. An examination is held annually in December at convenient centres in different parts of the island. Besides pupil teachers other candidates are admitted to the examination on pay. ment of a fee of 28. 6d. In July, 1891, 229 pupil teachers and 290 others pre- sented themselves. The examination will in future be held in December. Teachers EDUCATION, 311 holding first class certificates are entitled to employ pupil teachers whether their schools take a first class position or not. The following are the rates : To the Teacher for instructing them. To each Pupil Teacher. For one in the For every other in the same same School. School. £ 8. d. £ 8. d. £ 8. d. First year 4 0 0 Second year 5 0 0 3 0 0 1 10 0 Third year 600 each / year. No pupil teachers are retained on the Government list longer than three years. After that period they are supposed to go up to the Training Colleges or to engage in school work as teachers. The sum of £1,500, as before stated, is annually set apart by the Government for the special purpose of aiding school managers to build new school houses or to repair and improve existing school buildings. This sum is distributed in accordance with the Government Regulations published on the 28th February, 1878, in grants of from £10 to $100 to such managers as have made special application in the manner pre- scribed by the Regulations and are prepared to comply with the conditions con- tained therein. The allotment of these grants is determined by the importance of the school operations and the necessities of each case, considered in connection with the extent of the local efforts made by the parties applying, on the principle of help- ing those who help themselves. An annual sum of 10s. is paid to each school on the Government list for appli. ances on receipt of a certificate from the manager, in accordance with Article 77 of the Code of Regulations. In addition to the foregoing the following means are employed by the Govern- ment to promote elementary education :- 1. A number of male students (at present 45, but by a resolution passed at the last session of the Legislative Council to be increased to 60 as soon as the requisite accommodation can be provided) are supported at the Mico Institu- tion in Kingston, who are being trained as schoolmasters. In addition to the number supported by the Government there are also 20 students on the original foundation. 2. A Training College is maintained at Shortwood, in St. Andrew, for girls, in which 30 students are intended to be under training for the work of school- keeping. There are 22 students at present in residence. There are also regulations providing for an annual examination of students in Training Colleges and of teachers of elementary schools with a view to the grant of “ certificates” to those who are successful, and for the payment to such of these teachers as pass the examination and to successful third year students at Training Colleges of an annual bonus of from £5 to £15, varying with the class of their respective schools. Provision is also made for a payment to the managers of voluntary Train- ing Colleges of £20 a year each for a specified number of students under training, and of £15 for every resident student and £7 for every non-resident student who passes the yearly examination. Up to the present time 149 teachers have presented themselves for examination, of whom 61 have been successful and have obtained certificates. GOVERNMENT TRAINING COLLEGE FOR FEMALE TEACHERS. This College, which is under the management of a Board of Visitors appointed by the Governor and consisting of ladies and gentlemen, was established in September, 1885, to meet the want long and pressingly felt of trained female teachers for the Elementary Schools of the island. The College is strictly undenominational; ordinary students are selected by competitive examination, and an entrance fee of five pounds is paid on admission. Students are in most cases boarded and lodged at Government expense during the period of their training, subject to an undertak- 312 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. ing on their part to teach for as many full years as they remain in the College in Jamaica Elementary Schools. The ordinary College course occupies three years, during which the course of instruction is in accordance with the schedule attached to the Government Rules for Voluntary Training Colleges; but students who fail to pass the annual Govern- ment Examination are expected to remain and be again examined in the same stan- dard, unless, in the opinion of the Lady Principal, they are not likely to profit by such extension of their time, in which case they are expected to leave at once. The Board of Visitors may also, at its discretion, on the recommendation of the Lady Principal, allow any student who shows special ability and desire for higher studies to stay and prosecute those studies, for which purpose facilities will be afforded her. The students are classified in three divisions according as they are preparing for the first, second or third year examination. While in residence the students are expected to dress uniformly. To facilitate the carrying out of this regulation, a stock of material is kept at the College from which the students may purchase what they require, but in no case is the uniform provided by the College. This College, which was first established at Barbican, in St. Andrew's, and subse- quently transferred to Camperdown Pen, was finally in September, 1887, removed to its present site at Shortwood. The course of training includes practice in teaching and the management of a class, which is carried out in the Practising School attached to the Institution. The College library of books of reference is open to teachers in the neighbourhood on Saturday from 3 p.m. to 6 p.m., where the text-books recommended in the Code, from time to time, may also be seen. BOARD OF VISITORS. The Lord Bishop of Jamaica, Chairman. Hon. T. Capper, B.A. Mrs. J. Cochrane. Right Rev. C. F. Douet, M.A. Mrs. James Roberts. Rev. James Watson. Mrs. Pratt. Rev. Wm. Gillies. Rev. T. M. Geddes. Mrs. J. C. Macglashan.* T. Oughton, Esq. Miss Fanny Burke. Mr. E. A. Andrews, Secretary, salary £25. LADY PRINCIPAL.-Miss Amy Charlotte Johnson, Associate in Arts of the University of Oxford and Certificated Teacher of the University of Cambridge, assisted by a Staff consisting of three Assistants and a Mistress of the Practising School. An Industrial School for Girls has also been established at Shortwood which was opened on the 1st April, 1892, under the Superintendence of Miss Johnson, the Lady Principal of the College. The Board of Visitors of the College is also the Board of Visitors of this School which serves as a Practising School for the College. The Industrial School for boys at Hope has been placed under this Department. About 30 boys are in residence there who receive education such as is given in the Elementary Schools of the colony, besides instruction in carpentry and agriculture. THE BOARD OF EDUCATION. The Board of Education constituted under Law 31 of 1892 consists of - The Hon. Thomas Capper. Superintending Inspector of Schools, Chairman ex officio. The Right Rev. Enos Nuttall, Bishop of Jamaica, Vice Chairman. The Right Rev. Bishop Gordon The Hon. George Stiebel, O.M.G. The Right Rev. Bishop Hanna The Hon. William Ewen The Rev. William Gillies The Hon. Dr. John Pringle The Rev. Thomas M. Geddes Francis Lyone, Esq. The Rev. William Pratt, M. A. John Vassall Calder, Esq. The Rev. William Simms, M. A. Secretary-J. D. Kerrich, Esq., B.A. The duties and powers of the Board are laid down in the 11th Section of the Law and are as follow :- * of the Island Mrs. H. H. Isaacs, acting. SCHOOLS COMMISSION. 313 (a) To consider, discuss and advise upon, all matters specially referred to it by the Go- vernor;- (b) To consider, discuss and recommend, such changes in the Code of Regulations as may seem to it advisable to be made;- (c) To consider the advisability of closing superfluous Schools, of amalgamating or re- organising existing Schools, and opening new Schools where needed, for the man. agement of which latter it shall make such arrangements as it may think fit; (d) To make recommendations to the Governor from time to time, as to the expendi. ture it may consider necessary for the purpose of making adequate provisions for educational requirements ;-- (e) To adjust any difficulties or differences that may from time to time arise between School Managers and Teachers, and may be brought before it; (f) To settle such cases of charges of misconduct on the part of School Teachers, or of complaint in regard to the conduct of School Managers, as may be referred to it by the Governor; (9) To initiate and prosecute any enquiry arising out of any complaint, representation or other information received, affecting the working of the Elementary School System in Jamaica, and to call for all necessary information : (h) To make and alter By-Laws for the conduct of its business and the regulation of its proceedings. JAMAICA SCHOOLS COMMISSION. THERE are scattered throughout the island a variety of School Endowments, to enquire into which a Commission was appointed in the year 1845. In the reports which the Commissioners presented they pointed out the prevalence of abuses, the inefficiency of the governing bodies, and the misapplication or non-application of many of the endowments, and recommended legislation. But though the Legislature interfered and improved a few of the charities so reported upon, the recommendations of the Commission did not meet with much attention and the larger portion of the charities continued in an unsatisfactory state. To remedy the evils the Legislature in 1879 passed a Law (34 of 1879) creating a corporate body called the Jamaica Schools Commission for the following purposes : (1) To be a governing body for the man- agement of a School to be called the Jamaica High School, to be so conducted as to promote the higher education of the country, and (2) to carry out a systematic visi- tation of Endowed Schools and to prepare and execute schemes for the reform of governing bodies and the better application of endowments for education throughout the island. The Grammar School known as the Jamaica Free School in the parish of St. Ann (endowed partly by the funds of a Charity called Drax's Free School and partly by an annual grant from the Legislative Council) was transferred to the Schools Com- mission as the basis of the High School. The character of the instruction to be given in the School was prescribed and a “conscience clause" was inserted in the law.* Soon after the passing of the law the Commission was appointed and proceeded to the discharge of its functions. It removed the Jamaica Free School from St. Ann to newly built premises in St. Andrew and up to the present time the Commission has prepared schemes for the future management of Manning's Free School in Westmoreland, Rusea's Free School in Hanover, Titchfield Free School in Portland, the sereral Free Schools in Manchester and Vere, and the large and important Trust known as the Munro and Dickenson Charity, together with one for the management of the David- son bequest for the education of a poor boy and girl, all of which have been duly ap- proved by the Governor in Privy Council. For information as to the details of these schemes and the previous history of the Schools reference should be made to the pre- ceding articles on these Trusts. Wolmers Free School in Kingston has also engaged, and is still engaging, the attention of the Commission. The Commission has also submitted to the Governor a scheme for the extension of University teaching to Ja. maica, which is now in partial operation, and has built and equipped University Col- lege for the purpose of enabling students to take advantage of facilities offered by the University of London for the taking of the degrees of B.A. and L.L.B. The Com- mission also after considerable trouble and correspondence has at last induced the University of London to consent to hold in Jamaica certain examinations which the See Jamaica High School, page 321. 314 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. University had hitherto refused to hold in the colonies. For further information reference should be made to the article on University College. Owing to the absence in many districts of higher education than that provided by Elementary Schools, the Commission lately submitted to the Legislature, through the Government, a Bill entitled “ The Secondary Education Law” which however was thrown out by the Council in the Session of 1891 with the understanding that it should be brought forward again in 1892. This was done and the Bill with cer- tain amendments made by the Government and others made by the Council has now passed into Law. The Schools Commissioners, at the request of the Governor, perform the same functions in Jamaica as the Civil Service Commissioners in the United Kingdom, with reference to the examination of Candidates for the Civil Service under the competi. tive examination system introduced during the Governorship of Sir Henry Wylie Nor- man.* JAMAICA SCHOOLS COMMISSION. The Right Reverend Enos Nuttall, D.D., Lord Bishop of Jamaica, Chairman, J. Macglashan, Esq., Auditor-General, Vice-Chairman. The Right Rev. 0. F. Douet, M.A., D.D.,) The Rev. William Gillies, Senior Principal Assistant Bishop of Jamaica. Mico Training School. The Hon. T. Capper, B.A., B.Sc., Inspector of The Hon. J. C. Phillippo, M.D. Schools. S. C. Burke, Esq., Assistant to the Attorney General. Secretary-Robert Johnstone, Esq.(who is also Secretary of the Board of Supervision), salary £50. JAMAICA SCHOLARSHIPS. AFTER the establishment of Crown Government large strides were made in the direction of popular elementary education and large provision was annually granted for its promotion among the masses of the people : but it remained for the late Sir Anthony Musgrave to propose a scheme, having for its object the encouragement and assistance of education of a higher grade" among those classes of the community who would value it if placed within their reach, but whose means do not enable them to send their children to Europe for the purpose of obtaining it.” It is true that the Queen's College was established in 1871 with the aim of sup- plying tuition of a high class, but its ultimate failure to carry out the work which it was intended to accomplish pointed to the conclusion that education had not then sufficiently advanced in the island to supply students for such a high college course. In short, too great a distance intervened between the common schools of the country and the Queen's College, but the stimulus since afforded by the institution of the Jamaica Scholarships has so raised the standard of three or four good grammer schools as, to a very considerable extent, to bridge over the interval which existed in 1871 between the schools of that period and the Queen's College. In fact to such an extent have good schools developed that the Jamaica Schools Commission has arrived at the opinion that more general good to the country can be done with the money now devoted to the Scholarship tenable in the United Kingdom by the foun- dation of more numerous Scholarships of less value tenable in Jamaica, combined with a system of extension of University teaching to Jamaica, and the Commission has lately submitted to the Governor a scheme to this end which is now under con- sideration. The scheme proposed by Sir Anthony Musgrave to the Secretary of State for the Colonies and approved of was the establishment of a Government Scholarship of the annual value of £200, tenable for three years, open to public competition in each year by boys born in Jamaica, or of parents domiciled in Jamaica, the boys having been resident in Jamaica for at least five years preceding the examination, the standard of the examination being the same as that for matriculation at the London University. The first examination was held in January, 1881, and resulted in the Scholarship being awarded to Mr. T. W. Halliday, of York Castle High School, who passed in * See Civil Service, page 114. JAMAICA SCHOLARSHIPS. 315 the second division of the London University Matriculation Examination. In the second examination in January, 1882, Mr. A. E. Tomlinson, of Potsdam School, in St. Elizabeth, gained the Scholarship, passing in the first division of the London University Matriculation Examination. In the third examination held in January, 1883, Mr. E T. Lee of Potsdam School, gained the Scholarship, passing 15th in the honours' division at the London University Matriculation Examination. In the examination in 1884, Mr. E R. C. Earle, of the Jamaica High School, gained the Scholarship, passing second in the honours' division ;-position which would have entitled him to a University Exhibition had not the fact of his being a Colonial Can- didate disqualified him. The Scholarship in 1885 was won by Mr. R. M. Parnther, of York Castle High School, who passed 10th in the honours' division; and the Scholarship for 1886 was won by Mr. F. C. Tomlinson, of Potsdam School, who passed 5th in the honours' division. The Scholarship in 1887 was won by Mr. E. V. Lockett, of York Castle High School, who was placed next to the first Candidate in the original honours' list, while the other two Candidates who presented them- selves, Mr. J. DaCosta and Mr. E. M. Halliday, also from the same school were placed, respectively, next to the second and third in the original honours' list. The Scholarship in 1888 was won by Mr. E. E. Murray, of York Castle High School, who obtained the highest place yet gained by any Canditate from Jamaica, and in fact the highest place that it was possible to gain. Mr. Murray was placed above the first in the original honours' list, thus beating all the Candidates in the Empire who at- tended the London Matriculation Examination at home or abroad. Each of these four Candidates obtained a number of marks which would, if they had been ex- amined in the United Kingdom, have entitled them to an Exhibition. Of the other Candidates in 1888 for the Jamaica Scholarship Mr. A. G. Harrison was placed next to the forty-sixth, Miss L. M. L. C. Cassis equal with the sixty-eighth, and Mr. E. E. L. Goffo next to the ninety-fourth in the original honours' list. One Candidate, Mr. P. 0. Malabre, passed in the first division and another Mr. J. C. Scotland, passed in the second division, The Scholarship in 1889 was won by Mr. C. A. H. Thomson, of the Jamaica High School, who passed in the first division, that for 1890 by Mr. H. C. Jackson of the same school, that for 1891 by Mr. H. A. Josephs of the York Castle High School, and that for 1892 by Mr. H. D. Lockett of same School. The following are the regulations for the Jamaica Scholarships :-- (1) There shall be an examination for the Scholarship in the month of December in each year. Due notice will from time to time be given of the days, hours, and place of examination, as well as of the name of the Secretary of the Local Committee and the Sub-Examiner. (2) No Candidate shall be admitted to the examination unless he shall have produced evidence to the satisfaction of the Governor showing that he was born in Jamaica, or of parents domiciled in Jamaica; that he has resided here for at least five years next preceding the examination ; that he is of good and steady personal character ; and that he will have completed his seventeenth, but not completed his nineteenth year on the 15th of December of the year in which he is a Candidate. This evidence shall be transmitted to the Colonial Secretary before the 1st of September next be- fore the examination. N. B.-At the examination in 1893 the maximum age shall for that examination alone remain at its present limit of the completion of the twentieth year. (3) The examination for the Scholarship shall be the Local Examination of the University of Cambridge for Senior Students; and the Scholarship shall be awarded to the Candidate who shall come out highest at that examination, provided that he obtains either a first or second class in honours, or a third class in honours together with distinction in one subject. (4) Candidates for the Scholarship must comply with all requirements of the University as to fees, forms, and date of entrance, &c., as to which information may be obtained from the Secretary of the Local Committee (at present the Rev. W. Pratt, Kingston). (5) No Candidate for the Scholarship who has previously competed for it and been unsuccessful will be allowed to compete for it a second time, but Students may enter v 2 316 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA, for the Cambridge Senior Local Examination without being Candidates for the Scho- larship. (6) The name of the successful Candidate will be reported to the Governor by the Secretary to the Syndicate of the University of Cambridge, and will be duly an- nounced by him to such Candidate, and published in the Gazette. (7) The successful Candidate shall report himself at the Colonial Office and enter,not later than Michaelmas Term, as a Student at one of the Universities of Great Britain or Ireland, to be approved by the Secretary of State for the Colonies, and shall pro- ceed in regular course to the degree of Bachelor of Arts, or to other corresponding degree of such University; he shall transmit quarterly to the Secretary of State for the Colonies a certificate, signed by his College Tutor or other recognized authority, stating that he is thoroughly well-conducted and industrious ; if he fails to obtain such certificate, or does not read for “honours,” in the event of the Authorities of his College deciding that he should do so, the Scholarship shall be withdrawn summarily. (8) Subject to the fulfilment of these conditions, of which the Secretary of State will advise the Crown Agents for the Colonies, the Scholars will be paid quarterly by the Agents at the rate of £200 a year, each Scholarship to be tenable for three years, and to commence from the 1st of July following the examination. (9) In all cases of doubt, or questions arising in the colony or in Great Britain as to the construction of the conditions under which the Scholarships are competed for, and the payments attached to the Scholarships are made, the Governor and the Secre- tary of State respectively shall have full power and authority finally to decide. (10) The foregoing rules shall be subject to revision from time to time, but no change shall be made in such a manner as to affect the interest of Candidates to whom the Scholarship may have already been awarded, or in any case without twelve months' notice to be published in the Government Gazette. The following are the existing regulations of the University of Cambridge in regard to the subjects for the examination for senior Students to be held December, 1893, in which, under No. 3 of the Regulations for the Jamaica Scholarship, Candidates are required to pass in the way prescribed :- PART I.-PRELIMINARY. Every Student will be required to satisfy the Examiners in (a) English Grammar (including parsing and the analysis of sentences) and English Composition; (b) The principles and practice of Arithmetic. But see E on page 318. PART II. The Examination will comprise the subjects mentioned in the following eight sections; and every Student will be required to satisfy the Examiners in at least three sections, no two of which are in the same bracket. No one will be allowed to enter for more than five of the sections A, B, C, D, E, F, with Drawing or Music, or for more than four with Drawing and Music. Section A must be taken by all Students, unless their parents or guardians object to their examination in that section, But seo E on page 318. Section A. RELIGIOUS KNOWLEDGE : The Examination will consist of questions on (a) Ezra ; Nehemiah ; Jeremiah xxvi-xxviii, xxxiv-xliv, lii; (b) the Gospel of St. Matthew, credit being given for a knowlege of the original Greek; for Jewish Students only 2 Samuel, 1 Kings i-ii, 1 Chronicles x-xi, xii-xiv, xvi-xxii, xxviii-xxix, credit being given for a know- ledge of the original Hebrow ; (c) the Epistle to the Galatians and the Epistle of St. James; (d) the Offices for Holy Communion, Public Baptism of Infants, and Con- firmation, in the Book of Common Prayer; especial attention must be paid to the Apostle's Creed. To pass in this section Students must satisfy the Examiners in (b) and in one of the subjects (a), (c), (d), to each of which the same credit is given. No Student will be examined in more than one of the three subjects (a), (c), (d). Uredit will be given for a knowledge of the Revised Version. Students who barely satisfy the Examiners in each of two subjects may be rejected in the section on the ground of general weakness. JAMAICA SCHOLARSHIPS. 317 Section B. (a) History of England, from the accession of Henry III to the ac- cession of Henry VII. Questions may be set on the literature of the period. Questions will also be set on the outlines of the history of England from the Norman Conquest to the Accession of Queen Victoria. Or (b) Greek History, the Reigns of Philip and Alexander; some general questions will also be set on the history of Greece from 359 to 280 B.C. Or (c) Roman History, the Reign of Augustus; same general questions will also be set on the history of Rome from B.c. 27 to A.D. 117. (d) Physical, Political, and Commercial Geography of The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and its dependencies, and of the Continent of America South of the United States, with some general questions on Geography. (Medal, seo page 14.) (e) Shakespeare, Richard II, with paraphrasing and philological and other ques- tions arising out of the subject, and with elementary questions on the history of the English drama to the death of Shakespeare. Or (f) Milton, Paradise Lost, V, VI, with paraphrasing and philological and other questions arising out of the subject. (9) The elements of Political Economy. Or (h) The elements of Logic. To pass in this section Students must satisfy the Examiners in two at least of the subjects ; they may not take more than one of the three (a), (b), (c), or of the two (e), (f), or of the two (9), (h). Students who barely satisfy the Examiners in each of two subjects may be rejected in the section on the ground of general weakness. Section C. LATIN (see notes A, B). Passages will be given for translation into English from Virgil, Æn. VI. ; Lucre- tius V 771-end; Livy IX1-31; Cicero, de Amicitia. Students must select one Verse and one prose subject from these four. GREEK : (seo note A). Passages will be given for translation into English from Euripides, Heracleidoe ; Homer, Odyssey IX; Thucydides VII 50-end ; Plutarch, Themistocles. Students must select one verse and one prose subject from these four. A fair knowledge of either language enables a Student to pass in this section. Students may as an alternative enter for HIGHER LATIN AND GREEK. The ex- amination will comprise four papers, (1) passages of Latin for translation and com- ment, with some questions on Grammar, (2) passages of Greek for translation and comment, with some questions on Grammar, (3) passages for translation into Latin Prose and Verse, (4) passages for translation into Greek Prose and Verse. For Students who do not take Verse alternative Prose passages will be set. A larger number of marks will be attainable for success in these papers than in the ordinary papers in Latin and Greek, and a higher minimum standard of attainment will be required. Section D. FRENCH (see notes A, B, C). Passages will be given for translation into English from Souvestre, Un Philosophe sous les Toits, and Ponsard, Charlotte Corday. GERMAN (see notes A, B, C). Passages will be given from Hauff, Das Wirthshaus im Spessart (omitting Said's Schicksale), and Schiller, Maria Stuart, for translation into English. In writing German in the Examination, students are advised to use the English character, but the use of the German character is not forbidden. A fair knowledge of either language enables a Student to pass in this section. Note A. In the examination in Latin, Greek, French, and German: (1) Questions will be set on the language and subject-matter. Questions may also be set upon the metre of verse subjects. Without a fair knowledge of Grammar a student cannot pass. (2) One or more easy passages not contained in the books named will be set for translation into English, a vocabulary of the less familiar words being given. Students are required to satisfy the Examiners in this part of the paper; but in cases of failure the translation of the unprepared passages of ordinary difficulty will be taken into account. (3) One or more passages of ordinary difficulty not con- tained in the books named will be set for translation into English. In order to obtain the mark of distinction students will be expected to do fairly well in this part of the paper. Note B. In the examination in Latin, French, and German: One or more passages will be set for translation from English into the language. A student can not obtain 318 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. the mark of distinction in the language without satisfying the Examiners in this part of the paper. Note C. In the examination in French and German: Alternative questions will be provided for students who prefer to be examined in the language generally and not in any set book. Section E. Every Student who is examined in this section will be required to satisfy the Examiners in Plane Geometry, viz., EucLID, Books I. II. III. IV. VI. and XI. to Prop. 21 inclusive, and in ALGEBRA, viz., the solution of simple and quadra- tic equations and of problems producing such equations, the elementary rules of ratio proportion and variation, arithmetical and geometrical progression, permuta- tions, combinations, the binominal theorem, and the theory of logarithms. Euclid and Algebra, if done well enough, are sufficient for the mark of distinction. Question will also be set in the following subjects : 1. PLANE TRIGONOMETRY in- clusive of the use of the Exponential Theorem, De Moivre's Theorem, and the ex- pansions of sin @ and cos e in powers of Q; the paper will also contain some easy questions on the more advanced parts of ALGEBRA. 2. CONIC SECTIONS treated both geometrically and by easy analytical geometry. 3. APPLIED MATHEMATICS, includ- ing ELEMENTARY STATICS, viz., the fundamental ideas of mass weight and density, the equilibrium of forces acting in one plane, the properties of the centre of gravity, the laws of friction, the mechanical powers, and the principle of virtual work; ELE- MENTARY DYNAMICS, viz., the laws of motion and simple applications of them, uni- form and uniformly accelerated motion in a straight line, the laws of falling bodies, projectiles, Atwood's machine, and principle of work with elementary applications of it ; and the ELEMENTARY PARTS OF ASTRONOMY so far as they are necessary for the general explanation of the more simple phenomena depending on the positions and motions of the bodies forming the solar system. Section F. I (a) The general principles of CHEMICAL SCIENCE, and the facts which illustrate them. The questions will relate to such compounds and reactions as are typical or characteristic. * The questions on Organic Chemistry will be limited to cyanogen and the principal cyanides; paraftins; alcohols and ethers of the ethylic type ; fatty acids of the acetic type. A fair knowledge of Inorganic Chemistry will enable a Student to pass. I (6) Zoology. Questions will be set in the subject as defined for Junior Students, the classes of the Animal Kingdom being included under (1.) For distinction, Students will be expected to shew a practical acquaintance with the structure and morphology, the physiology, and the life history of the fol- lowing organisms :- Amoeba.. Vorticella (Bell-animalcule). Hydra (Fresh-water Polype). Anodon (Fresh-water Mussel). Lobster, or Cray fish. Frog. A knowledge of the minute anatomy of Hydra and some acquaintance with the histology of the principal tissues of the higher animals will also be required. Students should bring à pocket lens and a desecting needle. I (c) BOTANY. Questions will be set in the subject as defined for Junior Students, with the addition of the following Natural Orders, Violacea, Geraniaceæ, Rubiaceæ, Dipsaceae, Campanulaceæ, Ericaceae, Solanacea, Euphorbiacea, Corylaceæ, Cyperaceæ, Gramineæ, and also the life history of a typical Moss and Fern and of Pinus. For distinction Students will be expected to shew also a practical acquaintance with the physiology, the life history (including development), and the structure (morphology and minute anatomy) of the following organisms :-Saccharomyces (Yeast). Protococcus. Mucor (Mould). Chara. Fern. Flowering plant (Conifer, Monocotyledon, Dicotyledon). Students should bring a pocket lens and a dissecting needle. II (a) PRACTICAL CHEMICAL ANALYSIS. Credit will be given for well chosen expe- riments, good observations precisely recorded, and well-drawn inferences from them. A list of apparatus and chemicals will be sent on application to the General Secre- tary. II (6) The elementary principles of STATICS DYNAMICS AND HYDROSTATICS, as illustrated by simple experiments, common observation, or the action of well- * The following elements and their compounds are to be omitted :-Beryllium, Cadmium, Cæsium, Cerium, Didymiun, Erbium, Gallium, Glucinum, Indium, Iridium, Lanthanum, Lithium, Molybdenum, Niobium, Os. mium. Palladium, Rhodium, Rubidium, Ruthenium, Samarium, Scandium, Selenium, Tantalum. Tellurium. Terbium. Thallium, Thorium, Titanium, Tungsten, Uranium, Vanadium, Ytterbium, Yttrium, Zirconium. 322 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. B. Foundationers other than Drax Scholars. These shall be elected from parishes other than St. Ann's. Their number is at present fixed at thirteen. II.-Holders of Endowed Schools' Special Scholarships to be created. III.-Holders of Special weekly Boarder Scholarships to be created, IV.-Paying Term Boarders. V.- Paying Weekly Boarders. Regulations concerning the Admission of Foundationers. Foundationers will be elected by the Commission, subject to the results of an Examina. tion and to their meeting the following requirements:- 1. Boys will be eligible as Candidates for admission as Foundationers only in case of the inability of their parents to provide a liberal education for their children. 2. Their age must be between 9 and 15 on the day of examination, 3. Satisfactory testimony must be furnished as to their good character. The following is the Schedule of subjects in which boys admitted as Candidates with qualifications 1, 2 and 3 will be required to pass a Competitive Examination :- Boys from 9 to 11 will be examined in Reading from the Fifth Standard Reading Book, Dictation from the same, the first four rules of Arithmetic, simple and compound, the outlines of the Geography of Jamaica and of Europe, the classifying of words under their parts of speech and the leading facts of the Old and New Testaments. Between 11 and 12 boys will be further examined in Latin, carried as far as the end of the 25th Exercise in Smith's Principia, and vulgar fractions, practice, proportion and in- terest in Arithmetic. Between 12 and 13 they will be further examined in Latin, as far as the end of Part 1st in Smith's Principia with easy Translation, in Elementary French, in Decimals, in Arith. metic, in Elementary Algebra and in Euclid, Book I, props., 1-32. Between 13 and 14 they will be examined in the outlines of English History, Latin in- cluding the whole of Smith's Principia and translation of Cæsar or some equivalent book, in French Grammar (not including irregular verbs), translation and exercises, in Algebra, fractions and simple equations, and in Euclid, Book I. Between 14 and 15 they will be examined in English History, Latin Grammar, transla- tion and exercises, French Grammar, translation and exercises, Arithmetic, Algebra to end of Quadratic Equations and Euclid, Books I and II. N.B.-Success in every subject is not compulsory, but no boy above 12 will be elected who does not show fair knowledge and accuracy in the elements of Latin and the ordinary rules of Arithmetic. In the case of boys above 12 the examination will take two days. Special Scholarships from certain Endowed Schools. With the view of enabling the funds of some of the Endowed Schools (which do not attempt to give a higher education) to be utilized in such a way as to secure their appro. priation for purposes more in keeping with the intentions of the original bequests than the maintenance of Primary Schools, and at the same time placing the advantages of the High School within reach of specially deserving scholars from the parishes in which such Endowed Schools are situated, it is deemed desirable that Scholarships from the said Schools should be founded, tenable at the High School. It was accordingly proposed that the Boarde of the several Local Trusts should be recommended to provide the necessary funds for these Scholarships out of the Trust income at present expended on primary education, so far as the same can legally be done. Such Scholarships would be available only to boys residing within the area which would entitle them to enjoy the benefits of the said Local Endowed Schools; and the general qualifications for competition for such Scholarships would be fixed by the Local Trustees, provided that the boys nominated by them must be prepared at least to pass such Examination as is required by boys coming into the High School as pay- ing boarders. It is considered that it will be an essential part of the above plan for establishing these Scholarships from Endowed Schools that the Government should consent to make, through the Education Department, such grants-in-aid to the Elementary Schools now maintained out of local endowments as may be sufficient to cover the amounts annually expended by the Trustees in Scholarships; provided that such grants-in-aid do not exceed the amount of grants which such Elementary Schools would be entitled to, if maintained in the ordi. nary manner. Weekly Boarders' Scholarships. Arrangements will be made, as soon as possible, for Special Scholarships for a limited number of weekly boarders, the value of such Scholarships being such as to cover the whole or a greater portion of the actual expenses of a boy at the School. Candidates for admission to these Special Scholarships must meet the following con. ditions:- I, The Commission must be satisfied that the means of their parents or guardians are Bo limited as to prevent their furnishing the boys with the advantages of this School without the assistance of this Scholarship. II. They must be between the ages of 12 and 14. JAMAICA HIGH SCHOOL. 323 III. Satisfactory testimony must be furnished as to their good character. IV. They must be prepared to pass a Competitive Examination which will be arranged by the Head Master, subject to the approval of the Commission; the standard of the Examination being such as to show that they are able, at least, to take & position in the School on a level with that of Foundationers who have been three years in the School, Entrance Examination of Paying Boarders. 1. Those who come in between the ages of 9 and 12 shall be subject to an Examination of the same nature as that for Foundationers. 2. Boys entering after the age of 12 years shall be subject to an examination, which shall test their qualifications to take their place in the School not lower than the class which the average Foundationer has reached, who is a year younger than the applicant. Precise information on this point will be supplied to intending applicants by the Head Master. Paying Weekly Boarders. Boys may be admitted to the school to remain from Monday morning till Friday evening. The terms of admission as regards examination will be the same as those for regular boarders. Payments for Scholars. 1. For the purpose of regulating payments to the School, and for other purposes, the annual work of the School shall be divided into three Terms. The first or Lent Term shall commence on the 21st day of January in each year and end on the 21st day of April, irrespective of the time at which the Easter holiday falls. The second or Summer Term shall commence on the 22nd day of April and end on the 10th day of July. The third or Christmas Term shall commence on the 1st day of September and end on the 20th day of December. In the event of any of these dates falling on a Sunday or public holiday the Term shall commence or end, as the case may be, on such day nearest thereto as may be most convenient. 2. Payments shall be made in advance at the beginning of each Term. 3. Term boarders shall pay at the rate of £16 per Term if under twelve years of age. If over twelve years of age they shall pay at the rate of £20 per Term. 4. Payments for weekly boarders shall be at the rate of £13 6s. 8d. per Term, if under twelve years of age. If over twelve years of age they shall pay at the rate of £16 per Term. 5. The charges of the School for weekly boarders, who obtain the weekly Boarders Scholarships, shall be at the rate of £25 per annum; and if it should not be found possible to establish a sufficient number of these Scholarships of value to cover these charges, then the Scholarships may be made at the value of £15 or £20 per annum, leaving the balance to be furnished by the parents or guardians of the boys in due proportions at the begin- ning of each Term. 6. The charges of the School for the holders of Endowed School Scholarships shall be fixed at £35 each per annum. The whole of this shall in each case be paid by the Treasurer of the Endowed School to the Treasurer of the High School; but it will be a matter for local arrangement whether any portion of such charges be contributed to the Local Trus- tees by parents or guardians, or whether the Scholarships granted by Local Trustees shall be in all cases sufficient to cover the whole cost of £35. Age at which Scholars will be required to leave the School. Foundationers shall not remain in the School after the end of the Term in which they attain the age of sixteen years; and no boy shall remain in the School after the end of the Term in which he attains the age of eighteen years except with the express permission of the Commission, on the recommendation of the Head Master. The Commission, however, will be prepared, on the advice of the Head Master, to retain at the School any Founda- tioner showing marked ability or special diligence for such further period beyond the age of sixteen years as they may determine. At the beginning of the October Term of 1892 there were in the School 10 Drax Foundationers, 12 General Foundationers, 7 Endowed School Scholars, 18 Terminal Boarders, 2 Weekly Boarders and 2 Day Boys, or a total of 51. All communications respecting boys, or on School matters, should be addressed to “ The Head Master, Jamaica High School, Kingston ;" letters on general business matters affecting the School should be addressed to “The Secretary of the Schools Commission, Kingston.” Head Master-Rev. W. Simms, M.A.,late Scholar and Prizeman of Christ College, Cambridge, Senior Optime in the Mathematical Tripos 1867, salary £500 and a capitation grant of £5 per annum for every boarder over 40 and half of that rate for every Day Boy. Second Master-W. Cowper, Esq., M.A., late scholar of Pembroke College, Cambridge, First Class in the Classical Tripos, Part i., in 1886, and First Class in Part ii., Section E, of the same Tripos, 1887, salary £260 per annum, rising by increments of £10 to £300. 324 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. Assistant Master-J. L. Ramson, Esq., B.A., London, of University College, Jamaica, salary £100, with increments of £10 per annum. Medical Officer-J.Cargill, Esq., M.D., New York, L.R.C.P., London, salary £60. (See also University College). Matron-Miss M. McDermot, salary £60. Singing-Master-Mr. T. Smikle, £20. Drilling Master-Sergeant Wallace. The Tutor of University College (which see) also acts as Assistant Master in the High School. UNIVERSITY COLLEGE. The Schools Commission on Oct. 29th 1889, adopted certain “proposals for the extension of University teaching to Jamaica,'' which were submitted to the Governor and extensively circulated through the Island. These proposals were intended to secure for such Jamaica Students as were unable to afford the expense of leaving the Island for a period of several years to study at a University abroad the oppor- tunity of obtaining many of the advantages of University training within the Island and of testing their training by competing for a University degree of universally admitted value. It was advised that advantage be taken of the facilities offered by the University of London, which is willing to hold the Pass-examinations for the degrees of B.A. and L.L.B. in any Colony which makes provision for the efficient conduct of the examinations: that the Government should found scholarships to be held at any School or institution in Jamaica which was ready and willing to prepare students for the B.A. examination of the University of London; and further should provide funds for establishing lectures, to be given in Kingston, on the various subjects required for the London B.A. course. In the state of the Island finances at the time the Governor considered himself unable to submit to the Legislative Council any scheme involving increased expenditure. The Schools Commission accordingly proceeded to make such provision as it could for University teaching and the procuring of University degrees in Jamaica from its own resources. We quote from further “ Proposals for the Extension of Higher Education in Jamaica” issued by the Commission in Dec. 16, 1889, the steps it had found itself able to take up to that date;- On the publication of the results of the London Matriculation examination in 1887, the Commission offered scholarships in the High School to the students who stood second and third on the list; but they were declined, because the students intended to study for the medical profession, and all the tuition which the High School could offer was adapted to the B.A.course only. On the publication of the results of the same examination in 1888 the Commission in the same way offered scholarships to the second and third on the list. Both accepted. Mr. Harrison, the second, has pursued his studies for the B.A. degree of the University of London and has passed the Intermediate Examination for that degree. held for the first time in Jamaica by the University under the management of the Commis. sion, in July last. Mr. Goffe, the third, resided at the High School for a year, reading for the Preliminary Scientific Examination of the University of London, and at the same time attending the Kingston Hospital 3 days a week for the purpose of obtaining clinical train- ing; and has now gone to London to continue his course. In 1889, when the Matriculation list was published it appeared that none had taken honours; but the Commission offered, scholarships to the two immediately below the Island Scholar. The higher one of these refused having arranged to pursue his studies at York Castle. The third on the list accepted; and the other scholarship was offered to and accepted by the fourth. There are therefore at present three students in the school one of whom has passed the Intermediate B.A. exami. notion of the University of London and is reading for the final examination; the other two are reading for the Intermediate Examination, The Commission having obtained the necessary sanction from the Government has borrowed £3,000 for the purpose of erecting a building to receive the students, which is now approach- ing completion, with accommodation for eleven students. To these statements may now be added that Mr. Harrison passed the B.A. exa- mination in October, 1890, in the First Division and has thus become the first Jamaican who has obtained a degree of a British University without leaving the Island: that two other students passed the B.A. Examination in October, 1891 : and that the College was completed and opened in September, 1890. In the proposals of December, 1889, the Commission stated the “aims of the College now being founded by the Commission,” as follows:- The College should, it seems to the Commission, be equipped:-1st, to prepare students WOLMER'S FREE SCHOOL. 325 for the B.A. and M.A. examinations of the University of London; 2nd, to carry Science and Medical Students up to their first examination, which is all that can be attempted at pre- sent; 3rd, to prepare students to take the L.L.B. degree of the University of London; and 4th, to have an Agricultural B which should give a certain amount of literary culture, (say in Mathematics, or Modern Languages) and should have the same sort of connection with the rest of the institution as the Agricultural School of an American University has with the rest of the University. The Commission is unable to give details of the working of such a branch; but, speaking roughly, the teaching would include the literary culture spoken of above, and further; Practical Agricultural Chemistry with the elements of Scien- tific Chemistry; Practical Economic Botany with the elements of Scientific Botany: practical knowledge of live stock with the elements of Scientific Biology; the elements of Forestry; and the management of a pen or estate. The Commission is of opinion that if the founda- tion of such a College be held to be necessary for a purely agricultural country like Jamaica, (a view which it holds very strongly,) the College at Hope is the place for such an Institution on the following grounds: (a) Very little additional expense for management would be in- curred; (6) The proximity of the Hope Gardens, and of what is ere long to be the residence of the head of the Botanical Department; (c) The proximity of Mona, a well worked sugar estate; (d) Convenience of access by train and steamer from all parts of the Island. The greatest difficulty would be the live stock branch. Leaving the 3rd and 4th heads for action to be taken or not as the Government and Legislature may decide, the Commission asked for an additional grant of £300 per annum to secure the efficient carrying out of the 1st and 2nd aims. This addi- tional grant was submitted to the Legislatve Council in its session of 1890, and was by it approved of and voted. On the application of the Schools Commission the University of London further consented on July 31st, 1891, to hold its Honour Examinations in the Interme. diate and Final B. A. Examinations (except in Modern Languages), the M. A. Exa- mination and the Scriptural Examinations in the Island, when requested four months previously to do so. The College is on the grounds of the High School at Hope and is at present worked with the School with regard to its domestic arrangements, though it is scholastically quite distinct. It contained 7 students in the October term, 1892. The Schools Commission are its Governors and the staff is as follows: Principal - Rev. Wm. Simms, M.A., (Head Master of the High School), salary £100 in addition to his salary at the High School. Tutor-J. E. Briggs, B.A., late Exhibitioner of Clare College, Cambridge, Second Class in the Natural Science Tripos, Part i., and Third Class in Part ii. of the same Tripos. Lecturer in Classics—W. Cowper, Esq., M.A. WOLMER'S FREE SCHOOL. This Trust was established in the year 1736 by an Act of the Island Legislature (9 Geo. II., cap. 6) to give effect to the bequest of John Wolmer, of Kingston, a gold- smith, who by Will dated the 21st May, 1729, “devised," after some small legacies men- tioned therein, the rest and residue of his estate for the foundation of a Free School in the parish in which he should happen to die. Nothing was done by the executors of Mr. Wolmer to carry out his bequest until the year first mentioned. Then it was found that the Will was defective, as no pro- vision was made for a house, nor directions given for the good order and management of the School, and the Legislature accordingly stepped in and passed the Act above cited, naming certain persons as Trustees, with power to erect or build a School house, &c., out of the moneys to be handed over to them by the executors. In the year 1774 the Legislature passed another Act appointing additional Trustees and enabling the Trustees to appoint a Treasurer. In the year 1800 the Legisla- ture passed a third Act for securing to the Trustees a perpetual annuity upon their delivering up certain securities (£15,864 currency) for public purposes. In 1801 an Act was passed constituting Kingston a Corporation and directing that the Com- mon Council should have the superintendence, regulation and management of the School. Law 8 of 1866 abolished the Corporation and appointed a Municipal Board, the members of which acted as Trustees until the new City Council was elected in Sep- tember, 1885, when the management of the Institution was transferred to that Body. 326 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. In 1867 a Commission was appointed, at the instance of the Trustees, by Sir John Peter Grant, to inquire into the management of the Trust, and, in adoption of one of the recommendations of the Commissioners, two Masters were procured from England to fill the positions of Superintendent of the Institution and Second Master. The Second Master from England died in 1877, and, on the recommendation of Mr. Till- man, his place was filled by a native. The School has now on its register 515 pupils (252 boys and 263 girls) and an average daily attendance of 446. A sound English education for the boys, combined with sewing in the Girls' School, is now imparted to the pupils. The Trustees meet half-yearly for the election of children, generally in the months of February and August. Forms of application for the admission of children can be had from Mr. Cyril Thompson, the Clerk of the Trustees, at the office of the City Council. No distinction is made as to the class and creed of children admitted, the Trustees only giving a preference to those of legitimate birth. The funds of the Trust consist of the following :- Amount appropriated by the island under 28 Vic., cap. 23 £12,000 0 0 Amount invested in island debentures 5,800 0 0 Total £17,800 0 0 The sinking fund in the Government Savings Bank now amounts to £306 88. 1d. INCOME. EXPENDITURE, Perpetual annuity under 28 Salaries £1,067 4 0 Vic., cap. 23. : £1,044 0 0 Audit 100 Intereston debentures, &c. 232 001 School appliances 100 0 0 Miscellaneous 50 00 £1,276 0 0 Balance on 31st March, 1892– Colonial Bank £482 4 2 Savings Bank 315 11 8 £798 5 10 £1,218 4 0 The annual surplus goes toward a sinking fund for the repairs of the School pre- mises from time to time. TUTORIAL STAFF. Head Master and Superintendent John Tillman, salary £296 per annum, Second Master-J. G. Murray Third Master-Thos. Williams Fourth Master-A. E. Thompson First Mistress--S. M. Smith Second Mistress-M. J. Mallet Third Mistress-F. Brymer Fourth Mistress-M. Jenner Sewing Mistress-M. J. Mallet Assistant Sewing Mistress-E. Waite 12 Janitors-A. Sutcliffe and Assistant - 43 41 Clerk to Trustees--0. Thompson 12 120 £1,067 41 LADY MICO'S CHARITY. The Institutions and Schools under this Charity were founded in the year 1834 by the late Sir Thomas Fowell Buxton. The idea was to afford the benefit of educa- tion and training to the black and coloured population of this and the other West India Islands, as well as to train out of this population Teachers for their own Schools and the Schools of all denominations of Christians. Training Institutions were established in Jamaica and Antigua; and Schools in Trinidad, Demerara, Bahamas, St. Lucia, Mauritius, Seychelle Islands, &c. Of these the two Training Institutions in Jamaica and Antigua only remain. The origin of the Charity is as follows :- LADY MICO'S CHARITY. 327 Dame Jane Mico, widow of Sir Samuel Mico, knt., formerly Lord Mayor of Lon- don, had a kinsman who was engaged to be married to his cousin, a favourite niece of the Lady Mico. They were to receive two thousand pounds on their wedding day. The marriage, however, did not take place. The story runs that the lady pre- ferred an Ensign and eloped with him, but whether or not that is the case it is cor- tain that Lady Mico's niece did not receive the £2,000. About the time that Lady Mico lived, the middle of the 17th century, the Christian captives detained in Algiers by the Moors seem to have excited general sympathy, and from time to time persons of charitable disposition were wont to give or bequeath sums of money for the redemption of these captives. Lady Mico did the same, and half of the £2,000 above mentioned was by her Will bequeathed for this purpose. The clause of the Will dated July 1st, 1670, is as follows : “ Whare as I gave Samuel Mico aforesaid two thousand pounde when he had married one of my neeces hee not performoing it I give one of the said thousand pounde to redeeme poore slaves, which I would have put out as my executrix thinke the best for a yearly revenew to redeeme some yearly” By direction of the Court of Chancery in 1680 certain freehold wharf and premises in London were purchased with the legacy and conveyed to Lady Mico's executors. The suppression of Algerian piracy and the release of all the Christian slaves stayed English benevolence and the question arose,what was to be done with Lady Mico's legacy, which had increased from £1,000 to over £120,000 P Various plans were proposed from time to time but nothing was done until Sir Thomas Fowell Buxton in 1834 conceived that the interest of the money might be legitimately applied to the Christian instruction of the children of West Indians, a purpose equally as charitable as that for which the money was originally left. A Charter was obtained and the British Government added a grant of £17,000 per an- num for five years. This latter was withdrawn in 1841. The Rev. J. M. Trew, afterwards Archdeacon and Bishop of the Bahamas, was the first Secretary and Su- perintendent of the Mico Charity. The system adopted from the commencement was liberal, comprehensive and undenominational in Schools and Training Col- leges. The original Trustees were :- The present Trustees are : James Gibson, Esq. Thomas Fowell Buxton, Esq., Chairman, The Rt. Hon. Stephen Lushington, D.C.L. Samuel Hoare, Esq., M.P., Treasurer. Sir Thomas Fowell Buxton, Bart. Edward H. Lushington, Esq. Thomas Richard Warren, Esq., Q.C. Andrew Johnston, Esq. John Gurney Hoare, Esq. A. F. Buxton, Esq. John Elliott Drinkwater Bethune, Esq. l W. E. Hubbard, Esq. Rev. J. Wycliffe Gedge, M.A., Secretary. The Institution in this island belonging to the Charity, situated in Hanover Street, consists of a Training College for 65 students and a School for 120 scholars. The expenditure of the Training College and School is about £3,550 per annum. Of this sum about £1,900 is allowed by the Local Government for training Teachers, and the Day School earns about £100 per annum under the Government Inspection. Students are admitted once a year, in January, by a strictly competitive examina- tion. They are expected to remain three years and go out when certificated as Teachers. During residence they receive free teaching, board, lodging, washing, bed linen, and medical attendance. Each student pays an entrance fee of £5. The objects for which the Institution was originally founded are being more and more realized. Its benefits are not confined to the people of any creed, class, or colour. It holds out to all whatever advantages it possesses. Towards the close of the year 1886 the Institution was visited by the Secretary of the Trustees in England, the Rev. J. Wycliffe Gedge, for many years a Diocesan Inspector of Schools. Mr. Gedge made a minute and careful inspection of the whole of the Mico property, examined into the teaching and training work now carried on in the Institu- tion, was present at and took part in several meetings with the students, and discussed with the Local Board of Directors many questions bearing on the present efficiency and future usefulness of the Training College. Before leaving he expressed his entire satisfaction with the results of his inquiries and on his arrival in England reported in the same favourable terms to the Trustees. 328 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. . The Jubilee of the Institution was celebrated on the 30th June and 1st July, 1887, the Directors giving a large number of the old students along with the fifty students in residence a formal reception, a banquet, a social evening, and breakfast the day following, while a conference on practical educational questions was held on the second of the days named. In the early part of the year 1891 a Teachers' Institute, promoted chiefly by the Directors of the Mico, but cordially joined in by Managers of other Training Col. leges, was held in Kingston, perhaps the first ever held in the West Indies. Dr. Dickinson and Prof. Boyden conducted the Institute, the lectures being attended by several hundred Teachers, from every part of the island, as well as by the Students in the various Training Colleges. From an educational point of view it was one of the most useful and successful gatherings that has ever taken place in Jamaica. The practising School in connection with this Institution occupies a high place among the first-class Elementary Schools of the island, and the results of the Annual Examinations of Training Colleges by the Education Department show that the Mico Training College, which is the largest School of its kind in the West Indies, is also one of the foremost in respect of the attainments of the young men under training for the office of Teacher in the Elementary Schools of the island. The Governor of the island for the time being is the Patron of the Institution. It is locally managed by a Board of Directors consisting of fifteen Clergymen and Lay- mon. The Right Reverend Dr. Nuttall, Bishop of Jamaica, Chairman. Rev. T. M. Geddes, Vice Chairman. *Rt. Rev. C. F. Douet, D.D. Rev. J. Cochrane. *Hon. Thomas Capper. Rev. W. C. Murray. Rev. E. J. Wortley. Rev. H. H. Isaacs. Thomas Oughton, Esq. Rev. W. Griffith. George Hicks, Esq. Rev. H. H. Kilburn. J.J. Bowrey, Esq. W. E. Sant, Esq. Secretary-Rev. H. H. Kilburn. Accountant-Mr. C. W. Chapman, Medical Attendant-Dr. I. W. Anderson. TUTORIAL STAFF. Rev. William Gillies 2 L. G.Gruchy, Esq. $ Co-Principals. Mr. Robert Lindsay Assistant Tutor. Mr. Charles E. Skyers Master of the Practising School. TITCHFIELD FREE SCHOOL. THE Titchfield Trust was established under the Act 26 Geo. III., cap. 7, by which 350 acres of land adjoining the town of Port Antonio, or Titchfield, were vested in certain Trustees for erecting a Free School and for creating a fund for its endow- ment and support. The object of the Trust was to provide instruction for youth, without charge to their parents, in reading, writing, arithmetic, Latin, Greek, mathematics, &c., and the Masters were to be of the Church of England. The School was open to children of the island generally, but those of the inhabitants of the Town of Titchfield were to have the preference. The School was in active operation from its foundation to the year 1855, when it appears to have been closed in consequence of a report made on its "state and con- dition" by Mr. Henry Laidlaw, Stipendiary Magistrate, in pursuance of a Commis- sion entrusted to him by the Governor, and because of the Trust having been thrown into Chancery by reason of having incurred debts amounting to nearly £300, for which judgment was obtained against the Trustees in the Supreme Court of October, 1852. The Trust remained in this “ deplorable” condition until it was rescued by the Go. vernment in 1871. A law was then passed by the Legislative Council “ to relieve the Titchfield School Trust from its present liabilities and to provide for the future management and carrying out of the Trust.” The sum of £183 168.Od. was advanced # Nominees of the Government. MUNRO AND DICKENSON'S FREE SCHOOL. 329 by the Island Treasury in compromise of the debt and a new Board of Trustees was appointed, by which the School was resuscitated. Since then a scheme has been drawn up by the Schools Commission, under authority of the 39th section of Law 34 of 1879, by which the management of the Trust has been vested in the Schools Commission and a Board of Local Managers appointed by the Governor on the re- commendation of the Schools Commission. Under this scheme a Day School for boys and one for girls have been established in Port Antonio, to the maintenance of which is devoted such amount not exceeding two-thirds of the annual income of the Trust as the Schools Commission may deter- mine, the remainder being devoted to the establishment of Scholarships at the Jamaica High School, three of which have already been established. The Schools are being conducted at the old Military Barracks at Fort George which have been placed at the disposal of the Trustees by the Government and the general affairs of the Trust are being carefully managed. The annual income has risen con- siderably as the property of the Trust is increasing in value at a rapid rate, owing to the rise in the value of real estate in the vicinity of Port Antonio, in consequence of the growth of the fruit trade with the United States. The Schools have already proved a great success and are of great benefit to the inhabitants of Port Antonio and the neighbourhood. The Boys' School obtained 70 marks at the last inspection and the Girls' 65. There is also attached to the Boys' School a cadet corps which is regularly inspected by the Staff Officer of Militia. The Boys wear a simple dis- tinctive uniform, the caps of which are ornamented with the “ Alligator Badge." LOCAL MANAGERS. Rev. Thomas Harty. E. Elworthy, Esq. Rev. C. C. Douce. E. B. Hopkins, Esq. Rev. E. J. Southall. Rev. John Thomas. Geo. Ffrench, Esq. D. A. P. Sanfleben, Esq. Steward-D. A. P. Sanftleben, Esq,. salary £40 per annum. A. P. Hopwood, Esq, Acting Master of the Boys' School, salary £120 per annum. Mr. L. Z. Brandford, Second Master Boys' School, salary £66 per annum. Miss Ella Doran, Mistress of the Girls' School, salary £65 per annum and Sewing Grant, Mr. H. T. Simmons, Secretary, salary $15 per annum. Mr. Charles Gale, Bailiff, salary £30 per annum. Mr. J. Gordon Chisholm, Treasurer, salary £18 per annum. MUNRO AND DICKENSON'S FREE SCHOOL. ROBERT HUGH MUNRO, Esq. of the parish of St. Elizabeth, by his Will dated 21st January, 1797, and a Codicil of 23rd May, 1797, bequeathed the residue of his real and personal estate in certain contingencies in trust to his nephew, Caleb Dickenson, and the Churchwardens of the parish of St. Elizabeth, and their successors, to lay out the same in the endowment of a School to be erected and maintained in the said parish, for the education of as many poor children of the parish as the funds might be sufficient to provide for and maintain; and, if necessary, to apply to the Legislature for an Act for the regulation of the Charity and to carry out his intentions. The estate of Munro was held to the use of his nephew, Caleb Dickenson, during the latter's life-time, and he, at his death, bequeathed it, improved and enlarged as it had been by himself, fully to carry out his uncle's benevolent intentions and further to support the aged poor. For years after the death of Dickenson the funds of the Charity were applied to anything but their proper purpose, and at length in 1825 an Act of the Legislature was passed for regulating the Charity, which recited the history of the Trust up to that date, and propounded a scheme for its management; but this scheme appears never to have been carried out, and it was not until 1855 that the Act 18 Victoria, chap. 53 (under which the Trust has been worked to 31st December, 1890) was passed with the object of rescuing the remains of the Charity. On the 1st January, 1891, a scheme formulated by the Jamaica Schools Commission and approved by the Governor in Privy Council, for the better governance of the Schools came into opera- tion. Under this scheme the following is the Board of Trustees :- The Custodes of the W 330 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. parishes of St. Elizabeth and Manchester, the Chairman of the Parochial Boards of these parishes, two members of the Parochial Board of St. Elizabeth and one member of the Parochial Board of Manchester, to be elected from time to time by the said Boards, and five other persons appointed by the Governor on the nomination of the Schools Commission. This Board of Trustees took the place of the elected Paro. chial Board which in its turn had taken the place of the nominated Municipal Board of St. Elizabeth, which in its turn again had succeeded a partly elected, partly nominated and partly ex-officio Board constituted under the Act 18 Vic. cap 53. The other principal changes effected by the new scheme are (1) that in future there will be an equal number of Free Foundationers and £20 Foundationers instead of 15 of the former and 5 of the latter, the change being effected gradually, and (2) that in the event of no boy within the limits of the ancient parish of St. Elizabeth presenting himself for, and passing the necessary examination on the occasion of any vacancy on the foundation then such vacancy shall be open to candidates from the remaining parishes of the Island. This latter provision is made also to apply to foundations for girls at the School hereafter referred to. In 1856 a Free School for boys was opened near Black River, and early in 1857 the premises at Potsdam, in the Santa Cruz Mountains, were purchased and the School was removed thither. Boys are eligible for admission to the School on the Free and £20 Foundations who reside within the limits of the old parish of St. Elizabeth and whose guardians can satisfy the Trustees of their need of assistance. Boys between the ages of 9 and 12 years will be examined in reading from the Fifth Standard Reading Book, dicta- tion from the same. The first four Rules of Arithmetic, Simple and Compound, the outlines of Geography of Jamaica and Europe, the classifying of words under their parts of speech, and the leading facts of the Old and New Testament. Boys between 11 and 12 years of age will be further examined in French and Latin Ac- cidence and Vulgar Fraction, Practice Proportion and Interest in Arithmetic; but failure in French and Latin will not disqualify for election. Foundationers are required to leave the School on attaining the age of sixteen; but the Trustees may, with the advice of the Head Master, retain at the School any boy shewing marked ability or special diligence for such further period beyond the age of 16 years as they may determine. There are at present on the Foundations fourteen boys who are educated, boarded and clothed free of charge, and six boys at the charge of £20 a year. The Course is adapted for boys preparing for the Universities, Civil Service, Oxford and Cambridge Local Examinations, and Business : it is calculated to combine a sound training in Classics and Mathematics, with the requirements of a modern education. Mr. A. E. Tomlinson of this School who won the Jamaica Scholarship for 1882 is now Head- master of Rusea's Free School in Lucea, W. E. T. Lea of this School and W, E. R. C. Earle (who gained most of his education at this School before going to the Jamaica High School) each won both the Gilchrist (West Indian) and the Jamaica Scholarships for 1883 and 1886, respectively; the fromer was subsequently Assistant Master at the Jamaica High School for a time and the latter is now a practising Physician in the Santa Cruz Mountains. F. C. Tomlinson, who some three years ago took a Scholarship at Christ College, Cambridge, the only boy who ever went direct from a Jamaica school to this University and achieved an honor of this kind, has since then taken his degree of B.A., with second class honors in the Classical Tripos, and is now reading for the Bar having entered Lincoln's Inn. In addition to the School for boys at Potsdam there is a School at Hampton in the Santa Cruz Mountains where six girls are educated, boarded, &c., free of charge, and six girls at a charge of £20 a year. The Head Master and Head Mistress of both Schools receive on behalf of the Trust private pupils as boarders, for whom there is ample accommodation, at considerably reduced rates. The income of the Trust is £1,400 4s. 7d. a year as perpetual annuity on the sum of £23,337 sunk under the provisions of the Act 28 Vic., cap. 23, and interest on island debentures to the extent of about £5,000, bought from annual savings since the Act 18 Vic., cap. 53, was passed. MERRICK'S CHARITY. 331 BOARD OF TRUSTEES. John V. Calder, Chairman Rev. Samuel Negus Hon. W. H. Coke, Custos St. Elizabeth* Messrs. E. F. Forrest Venble. Archdn. Ramson John Cooper Hon. J. M. Farquharson W. Brandford Griffith Rev. J. D. Ellis R. B. Braham, Chairman Parochial Board, Manchester. SECRETARY AND TREASURER—Mr. F. B. Bowen, salary £25 per annum. TUTORIAL STAFF. HEAD MASTER AT POTSDAM-Rev. W. D. Pearman, M.A., late Scholar of St. Peter's College, Cambridge; formerly Classical Tutor of University College, Toronto, salary £300 per annum. SECOND MASTER-Mr. W. V. Edwards, late Assistant Master of the Grammar School, Grantham, England, salary £150 per annum. HEAD MISTRESS AT HAMPTON—Miss M. E. Goddes, salary £80 per annum, and capitation fees. LADY MATRON-Mrs. Comrie, salary £60, and capitation fees. MERRICK'S CHARITY. The object of this Charity will be best understood by a perusal of the following extract from the Will of Charles Merrick, of the parish of St. George (now a district of Portland) made in September, 1821 :- “I give and bequeath in trust for ever to the two Members of Assembly, the Custos and three senior Magistrates of the parish of St. George for the time being, and to their successors, £2,000 currency for the uses and purposes hereafter mentioned, that is to say £1,000 to be put out at interest, on good security, and the interest arising therefrom to be applied towards the support of the poor and indigent of every des- cription of colour of the said parish of St. George, and £1,000 to be put out at interest, in like manner, for the express purpose of educating one poor boy, either a white or free boy of colour, for three years, which period ought to be sufficient to afford such a share of instruction as it may be hoped would give to the person partaking of it the prospect of becoming a useful member of society ; then to be succeeded by another boy in like manner, and so to be continued forever. « But with regard to the last bequest it is my desire, in the event of an establish- ment being formed for the promotion of education in the said parish through the means of individual benevolence or legislative aid, the Trustees heretobefore men- tioned in this particular bequest shall be empowered, at their discretion, to unite the funds herein bequeathed for the purpose of promoting a more enlarged and extensive plan of education to those who stand in need of it." The administration of the Trust was carried out virtually by the Custos of the parish of St. George alone, but in 1871 Law 14 of that year was passed empowering the Gover- nor to appoint a Trustee or Trustees in lieu of the then existing ones. Mr. John Savage, Inspector of Schools, and Mr. J.W. Straton, Auditor General, were appointed Trustees, but they have long since left the island and no new appointments were made until the end of 1887. In 1872 the Buff Bay River Estate in the district of St. George was purchased and a Model School was established; it was attended principally by the children of the Charles Town Maroons. The income of the Charity is derived from a sum of £1,200 sterling permanently sunk under the provisions of the 28th Vic, chap. 23, and a further sum of £400 similarly sunk, which produce a yearly income of £102 ; this was supple- mented by the sum of £138 which was paid by the Government out of the Education Vote. After considerable correspondence had taken place on the subject between the Go- vernment and the Schools Commission, at the instance of the Hon. W. B, Espeut, and recommendations had been made by the Jamaica Schools Commission as to the dis- posal of the educational half of the Charity, the Governor decided in Privy Council that the School at Buff Bay River Estate should be abolished, and that in accor- * Declines to act. W 2 332 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. dance with the spirit of Mr. Merrick's Will the funds of the Charity should be applied, one half in providing for a scholarship for one poor boy from the old parish of St. George at the Jamaica High School and the other half in aid of poor persons of the same district, but not to the relief of actual paupers. The Inspector of Schools, the Chairman of the Board of Supervision and the Member of the Legislative Council for Portland for the time being, and subsequently the Custos of St. Mary were ap- pointed by the Governor to be Trustees to prepare a scheme to carry out these pro- posals, but it is understood that this intention has been abandoned and that the Trustees have another proposal now under consideration. RUSEA'S SCHOOL. MARTIN RUSEA, a French refugee, in grateful recollection of the hospitality mani. fested towards him on his arrival and settlement in the colony left by his Will, dated 23rd July, 1764, all his real and personal estate, which afterwards realized £4,500 cur. rency (£2,700 sterling), for the establishment of a Free School in the parish of Hanover. The devise was disputed but in 1777, an Act was passed (18 Geo. 3, cap. 18) settling the Trust and establishing the School. The income of the School amounts to £270 per annum, being a perpetual annuity secured to the Charity under the Act 18 Vic. chap. 23. The Jamaica Schools Commission in the year 1886, with the view of making the endowment more conducive to the advancement of education, drew up a scheme under the Schools Commission Law, 34 of 1879, which was approved by the Governor in Privy Council and ordered to come into force on the 1st September, 1886. Under this scheme the Custos of Hanover and the Chairman of the Parochial Board of Hanover and five other persons to be appointed from time to time by the Governor, on the nomi- nation of the Schools Commission, are appointed Trustees, and the funds of the endow. ment are to be appropriated (a) to the maintenance of a School to be established for the purpose of providing a good middle class education; and (b) to the provision of such Scholarships at the Jamaica High School as after providing adequately for the main- tenance of the School the funds of the Trust are able to afford, the number of such Scholarships and the conditions on which they are held being from time to time fixed by the bye-laws. The Schools Commission have approved of the withdrawal of the scholarships at the High School, as the funds are at present all required for the use of the School. The number of boys received on the free foundation is at present fixed at 15 and the Trustees admit, in addition, paying pupils at a maximum fee of £8 per annum. Only the sons of persons belonging to the Parish of Hanover are eligible as foundationers. The School having been closed for extensive repairs was reopened in September, 1890, and during that term there were 14 foundationers and 4 paying pupils. Before the Easter following the numbers were 15 and 15 respec- tively. The numbers are now 15 and 18 respectively. The Trustees, aided by the School Commission, have endeavoured, but unsuccessfully, to obtain some help from the Government towards providing a suitable residence for the Headmaster. This is regrettable. The absence of a proper dwelling for the Headmaster is a distinct disadvantage to the School; and it is to be hoped that the Government will see its way to granting the help required. TRUSTEES. Chairman-A. Watson-Taylor, Esq., (elected in the absence of a Custos of Hanover, absent on leave in England). The Chairman of the Parochial Board of Hanover-Rev. C. Henderson Davis, A.K.C., Acting Chairman. Henry Davis, Esq. E. P. Pullar, Esq. F. W. Taylor, Esq. HEAD MASTER. -Mr. A. E. Tomlinson, B.A., of Christ's College, Cambridge, salary £200 per annum, with £30 house allowance, and £2 capitation fee on each boy over the number of 20. SECOND MASTER.—Mr. F. B. Cover. Senior and Junior (Honours) Cambridge Locals. Salary £90 por annum. e VERE AND MANCHESTER FREE SCHOOLS. 333 GRADED MIDDLE CLASS SCHOOL. IN CONNECTION WITH BECKFORD AND SMITH'S TRUST, SPANISH TOWN. PETER BECKFORD, Esq., of Spanish Town, bequeathed by his Will, dated 1735, the sum of £1,000 “ to be applied towards building a Free School or Hospital for the poor.” The Hon. Francis Smith, Custos of St. Catherine, bequeathed by his Will, dated 1830, “the sum of £3,000 to the Parish of St. Catherine, to be invested in some Institution permanently for the instruction of the poorer classes of all colours, free and slave, in the doctrines of the Church of England." By Law 30 of 1869 these two Schools were amalgamated under the title of “Beckford and Smith's School” and placed under the control of the Colonial Secretary for the time being. In August, 1876, the School was opened under the title of the “Graded Middle Class School in connection with the Beckford and Smith's Charity.” The School is divided into four grades :- JUVENILE GRADE.-The elements of Reading, Writing and Grammar, the outlines of Geography and History; together with the simple and compound rules of Arithmetic. PRIMARY GRADE.- Reading, Writing, Arithmetic, Grammar, History and Geog- raphy, the First Book of Euclid, and the four simple rules of Algebra. Latin and French Grammar, with simple translations; Book-keeping (single entry), Bills and Commercial Correspondence. SECONDARY GRADE.— The higher branches of the subjects taught in the Primary Grade. In the Classical section-Latin, Greek, English Literature, Elementary, Che- mistry and subjects necessary for the Cambridge Local Examinations. In the Commercial section-Bookkeeping (double entry), English and French Commercial Correspondence. ADVANCED GRADE.—Subjects necessary for the Jamaica Civil Service, Prelimi- nary Law, Medical and other Examinations. Singing and Drawing are taught throughout the School. Drilling, Cricket and Athletic Exercises receive special attention. RELIGIOUS KNOWLEDGE.-While in accordance with the provisions of the Trust, the Principal must be a member of the Church of England, and provision must be made for distinctive Church of England teaching at suitable times for the children of those parents who desire it, the School is intended for children of all denominations, and religious instruction is given daily throughout the School in accordance with the “ Scriptural Knowledge Clause,” Schedule A., of the Government Regulations, which is as follows: “ The leading facts of the Old and New Testaments, especially the his- tory and teaching of the Lord Jesus Christ, and the essential truths of the Gospel familiarly known." The fees payable are as follow :- Juvenile and Primary Grade £30 O per annum. Secondary Grade £60 O per annum. Advanced Grade £900 per annum. These fees must be paid into the Parochial Treasury of St. Catherine on or before the first day of each Term and the Treasurer's receipt must be handed to the Head- master before the pupil can be admitted into the School The year is divided into Three Terms :-Lent Term, 27th January to Easter; Summer's Term, Easter to 28th July; Christmas Term, 12th September to 20th De- cember. The exact dates of the first two Terms are determined by Easter. There are twelve weeks of holidays throughout the year. PATRON-Right Rev. C. F. Douet, D.D., Assistant Bishop of Jamaica. PRINCIPAL-Rev. W. Kemp Bussell, Certificated Master in Science and Art, South Ken- sington, London. I. ASSISTANT MASTER-Mr. George Nutt, Certificated Master, Chester Training College. JI. " " Mr. E. Colthirst. PUPIL TEACHER-Mr. James Fonseca, Pupil Teachers Examination. DRILLING MASTER-Depôt Sergeant Major Booker, Jamaica Constabulary, late York and Lancaster Regiment. THE VERE AND MANCHESTER FREE SCHOOLS. SEVERAL persons of the old parish of Vere, which included a part of the parish of Manchester, having made several charitable donations consisting of lands, slaves and money to the use of the said parish, without giving any particular directions or 334 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA, making any particular appointments touching the management or disposal of the proceeds of these gifts, an Act of the Island Legislature was passed in 1740 vesting the funds of the Charity in certain Trustees for the purpose of erecting buildings and endowing a Free School at the Alley in the then parish of Vere, for the edu- cation and maintenance of as many poor children as the Trustees might approve of. The present Free School at the Alley was founded under the provisions of this Act. Finding, however, that the number of children (of the class calculated to be bene. fited by the Charity) who availed themselves of the privilege was inadequate to the large expenditure which the keeping up of the Institution necessitated, another Act was passed in 1855 (18 Vic. chap. 54) which extended and better utilised the funds of the Charity. The sum of £9,000 was then standing to the credit of the Charity in the books of the Receiver General. By this Act £6,256 was vested in certain Trustees therein designated, to be employed in the establishment of Free Schools throughout the parish of Vére for the education of poor children of all denomina- tions and classes residing in the parish, and the balance of £2,744 was left in the hands of the Receiver General to await such disposal as the Legislature might di- rect. Certain parts of the parish of Manchester being part of the parish of Vere at the time of these charitable donations an Act was subsequently passed (19 Vic. chap. 39) by which this residue of £2,744 was also vested in Trustees to be appro- priated in the parish of Manchester in every respect as the portion allotted to Vere. Buildings were secured and schools were organized under the provision of these Acts which are now in operation in both the parish of Manchester and the district of Vere. At the request of the Trustees of the Vere Free Schools and with the view of making the endowment of the District Schools of Vere more conducive to the ad. vancement of education, the Jamaica Schools Commission drew up a scheme under Law 34 of 1879, of which the following are the chief provisions : The Trustees are to be the Chairman and Vice-Chairman of the Parochial Board of Clarendon; two members of the Parochial Board of Clarendon to be elected from time to time by the members of the said Board and to hold office during the continuance of the said Board ; the Rector of St. Peter's Church, Alley, and two other persons to be appointed by the Governor on the nomination of the Schools Commission. The funds of the endowment are to be appropriated (a) to the payment of school fees for free scholars and a bonus on marks obtained at the Government inspection to the Master of each of the Schools receiving assistance from the funds of the Trust, at the time of the coming into operation of the scheme, namely, the Schools at Alley, Portland, Race Course, Milk River, Hayes, Salt River and Mitchell Town, or such Schools, more or fewer, as may hereafter in lieu of these or any of them be established from time to time under the by-laws; and (b) to the provision of Scholar- ships at the Jamaica High School. The scheme was approved by the Governor in Privy Council and came into force on the 1st September, 1886. The Jamaica Schools Commission also drew up a scheme with the view of bring- ing the arrangements for the Manchester Free Schools more in conformity with the present needs of the parish and the original intentions of the Trust, of which the following are the chief provisions : The Trustees of the Schools are to be the Chairman and Vice-Chairman of the Parochial Board of Manchester; two members of the Parochial Board of Manchester to be elected from time to time by the mem- bers of the said Board and to hold office during the continuance of the said Board ; the Rector of the Parish Church, Mandeville, and two other members to be appointed by the Governor on the nomination of the Schools Commission. The funds of the endowment are to be appropriated (a) to the maintenance of a School for boys and girls to be established for the purpose of providing a good middle class educa- tion; (b) to the payment of school fees for free scholars and a bonus on marks ob- tained at the Government inspection to the Master of each of the Schools receiving assistance from the funds of the Trust, at the time of the coming into operation of the scheme, namely, the Schools at Mandeville, St. George's and Mile Gully, or such Schools, more or fewer, as may hereafter in lieu of these or either of them be estab- lished from time to time under the by-laws; and (c) to the provision of such Scholar- ship or Scholarships at the Jamaica High School as the remaining funds may be sufficient to permit. LUDFORD'S BEQUEST. 335 The funds of both the Vere and Manchester Trusts have been made permanent loans to the island under the Acts 18 Vic. chap. 38 and 19 Vic. chap. 39, and bear interest at 8 per cent. per annum. There is also a rent-roll in connection with each Trust. The income of the Vere Trust is £549 13s. 10d. per annum and that of the Manchester Trust £270 98. 4d. per annum. TRUSTEES OF MANCHESTER SCHOOLS. Rt. Rev. C. F. Douet, Rector of the Parish Church, Mandeville. Hon. J. P. Clark, Chairman Parochial Board of Manchester. R. B. Braham, Vice-Chairman of the Parochial Board of Manchester. E. G. Farquharson Vacant elected Members of Parochial Board of Manchester. George Sturridge and L. A. Isaacs, Esqs., appointed by the Governor. Frank H. Bonitto, Secretary, salary £12 per annum. Manchester Schools. Middle Grade School, Mandeville—Headmaster Vacant. Assistant Master Vacant. Elementary School, Mandeville-Mr. M. F. Johns, Headmaster, salary £90 per annum. Wear Pen-Mr. Peter Thomas, Headmaster, salary £50 per annum. TRUSTEES OF VERE SCHOOLS. Chairman and Vice-Chairman of Parochial Board, Clarendon-G. D. Murray and A. P. Rubio, elected. G. Muirhead and H. T. Ronaldson, nominated. Rev. C. T. Husband, Rector of St. Peter's, Alley. Mr. H. R. Forbes, Secretary, salary £20 per annum. Trust Schools. The Alley-Mr. H. R. Forbes Race Course-Mr. C. R. Taylor Hayes-Mr. H. G. Richards Milk River-J. C. Taylor Portland Mr. J. Watts Mitchel Town-Miss Élla Goodin Salt River-Miss L. Rose. LUDFORD'S BEQUEST. The following is an extract from the Will, dated the 12th July, 1875, of the late Mr. Thomas Ludford, of the St. Dorothy's district of St. Catherine, who died about twelve years ago :- “And as to the residue and remainder of my said estate, I direct my said execu. tors to pay the same to the Governor of this island, for the time being, to be by him appropriated in the establishment and maintenance of a School, first in the town or village of Old Harbour, and then of such other Schools in the old parish of St. Dorothy as the Governor may think fit, with the view of providing for those of all denominations who are destitute of the means of elementary instruction, such as is provided by the 18th Victoria, chapter 54, in the parishes of Vere and Manchester. And I hereby declare that I leave to the Governor of this island, for the time being, the establishment of such Schools upon such rules and regulations for their proper conduct and government as he shall think best, so that whilst the instruction of the destitute poor may be provided for, others who may be in better circumstances may also be admitted to the said Schools on such terms and conditions and under such re- gulations as the Governor may think proper.” After full consideration as to the best means of disposing of the funds of this be- quest Sir Anthony Musgrave in July, 1881, approved of the following suggestion, made by the Inspector of Schools, as embodying an arrangement as nearly in accord- ance with the intention of the Testator as it was possible to make under all the cir- cumstances of the case, namely, that a portion of the bequest should be employed in the eroction of a School-house in Old Harbour Market, large enough for any number of children that would be likely to attend the School; that the interest of the re- mainder of the bequest should be employed in part payment of the Teacher for this School (the other portion of the Teacher's salary being paid from the Government 336 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA, Grant) and in part payment of the salary of the Teacher of the School at Old Har- bour Bay, on condition of its being made free and undenominational. The Inspector of Schools further suggested that the Ministers of the various de- nominations in the district should be appointed Joint Visitors of these two Schools, and that parents possessed of means should be allowed to avail themselves of the use of the Schools on payment of such fees as might be fixed. A building was purchased at Old Harbour Market and adapted for the new School there, which was opened in January, 1886, under an efficient Teacher. The unde- nominational School at Old Harbour Bay is held in a Schoolroom which has lately been purchased from the Church of England, and a residence for the Master of the School at Old Harbour Bay has been erected. A difficulty arose on the occurrence of the first vacancy with regard to the Mas- tership of the School at Old Harbour Market. The Rev. W. C. McCalla, joined by his congregation, urged that it was necessary for the Master to be a member of the Church of England and this view was shared by the Bishop and Diocesan Council. After some correspondence, and an ultimate appeal to the Supreme Court by the Go. vernor, the Chief Justice decided that the intention of the Testator was that the Mas- ter should be a member of the Church of England. The amount at credit of the bequest on 31st March, 1892, was £1,993 38. 4d., of which £1,900 was invested in Government debentures, bearing interest at 4 per cent., and £93 3s. 4d. was in the Government Savings Bank at 3 per cent. interest. MANNING’S FREE SCHOOL. THOMAS MANNING, in 1710, left thirteen slaves with land and the produce of a pen called Burn Savannah and cattle to endow a Free School in the parish of Westmore- land. It was incorporated in the year 1738 and since then has flourished in the town of Savanna-la-Mar, proving of great advantage to the inhabitants of Westmoreland and the sister parishes. The income of the School amounts to £471 3s. 3d. per annum, being a perpetual annuity secured to the Charity under the 28 Vic.chap. 23, in lieu of £7,852 14s. 8d. appropriated by the island. A scheme was drawn up in the year 1883 by the Schools Commission for the future management of this School and was approved by the Major-General then administer. ing the Government in Privy Council under the 36th section of Law 34 of 1879. The scheme provides for the maintenance of a Boys' School furnishing a good middle class education and for a Girls' School of the same description and there are now in the two Schools 45 Boys and 34 Girls. An Elementary School has been established to act as a feeder to the Boys' School. It is under the management of the Head Master, and the Teacher is Mr. James Foote who was for years Assistant Master of the Endowed School. This School is under Government inspection, and has obtained a third class position. TRUSTEES. The Custos of Westmoreland. Members of the Parochial Board. The two Senior Resident Magistrates of Rev, Henry Clarke. Westmoreland, not being otherwise Rev. J. S. Vaughan. Trustees. SECRETARY TO THE TRUSTEES—Mr. James C. Young, salary £12 per annum, and 20s. for Stationery. HEAD MASTER-Mr. W. A. Milne, salary £250 per annum, less £30 for rent of Castle. SECOND MASTER-Mr. W. Grant trained at the “Mico" Institution, salary £90 per annum. HEAD MISTRESS-Miss Daisy Thomas, Balary £60 per annum. SECOND MISTRESS-Miss Anne Sloly $25 MASTER ELEMENTARY SCHOOL-Mr. James Foote, salary £50 per annum and fees. WESLEYAN HIGH SCHOOL FOR GIRLS, BARBICAN. THIS Institution was opened on the 29th September, 1881. The course of instruc- tion is laid on the lines of the Cambridge Local Examination and comprises all the branches of a thorough English Education, English Language and Composition, YORK CASTLE HIGH SCHOOL. 337 Arithmetic, Geography, History and Literature, Religious Knowledge, French, Al- gebra, Euclid, Botany, Geology, Political Economy, Calisthenics and Needlework. There is accommodation for 40 resident pupils. The following are the Terms, payable quarterly in advance :-- Pupils under 12 years . £35 per annum. | Pupils over 15 years : £45 per annum. Pupils over 12 to 15 . 40 per annum. | Daily Pupils £10 and £12 per annum. Extra-1. Music, with Theory and Harmony Class ; 2. Singing ; 3. Drawing, £4 each; 4. Washing, £3 38.; 5. Special Medical Attendance. Table and bed linen, &c., are supplied by the Institution. Books that are required are supplied and charged for. A quarter's notice must be given before removing a pupil. Pupils on entering should be able to read and write, with a knowledge of at least the simple rules of Arithmetic. TUTORIAL STAFF. Governor-Rev. W. H. F. Bleby. Lady Principal-Miss Bond. Assistants-Miss Hay, Miss M. Grice, Miss Maxwell. YORK CASTLE HIGH SCHOOL (WESLEYAN). This School was opened in the year 1876. It was established in order that instruc- tion in Classics, Mathematics, Modern Languages and the other branches of a liberal education might be brought within the means of residents of this and the other West Indian Islands. Its founders, the Ministers of the Wesleyan Church, had in view the purpose of supplying such an education and moral training as would obviate all necessity of sending boys to any English or European School. Fourteen pupils have matriculated at London University since 1881. The ordinary subject of a higher-grade English school are taught. In the higher forms pupils are prepared for the London matriculation and the Cambridge Local Examinations. Special pupils are prepared for the Civil Service, and special atten- tion is paid to modern subjects, such as Book-keeping and English Literature. The only extra subjects are Music, Drawing and Practical Chemistry. The School premises afford accommodation for about 100 scholars, while the ample grounds give scope for recreation and amusement. The situation (some 2000 feet above sea-level) ensures health and gives a refreshing change to boys who have been reared in the lowlands. Although the School is under the control of the Wesleyan Church the utmost free- dom of religious belief exists, and the one aim of the Governing Body is that the boys committed to their care shall grow up gentlemen. Since its commencement in 1876 York Castle can count among its alumni several Jamaica Scholars, viz., T. W. Halliday, 1881, D. D. Parnther, 1884, E. V. Lockett, 1887 (placed next to the first in Honours in all England), E. E. Murray, 1888, (placed above the first in Honours in all England), H. A. Josephs, 1891, and H. D. Lockett, 1892. In connection with the School is a Theological Institution for the training of can- didates for the Wesleyan Ministry. This department is intended to supply to Jamaica students the same facilities as are afforded in England to Ministers of the Wesleyan Church. Some ten or twelve Ministers now labouring in this and other islands have passed through the classes at York Castle. The following are the Terms, payable quarterly in advance :- Pupils under 12 years of age Pupils from 12 to 15 years of age . Pupils above 15 years of age Governor and Theological Tutor-Rev. W. C. Murray. Head Master-J. Smallpage, B.A., London University. Second Master-W. H. Mitchell, B.A., Cambridge University. (E. V. Lockett, Owens College, Manchester, Assistant Masters C. A. Cover, London University. (J.J. Robinson, London University. Music Master-P. A. Cover. Drawing Master-W. Crawshaw, Drawing Certificates at South Kensington, Medical Officer-Dr, Maunsell, Trinity College, Dublin, er annum, 45 50 338 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. MORAVIAN FEMALE TRAINING SCHOOL, BETHLEHEM. THIS School for the training of Female Teachers for service in the Day Schools belonging to the Moravian Church was opened at Bethabara, in 1861, by the Rev. J. J. Seiler. It is now also made use of for the higher education of the daughters of the Native Jamaican Ministers and Missionaries of the Church. In 1885 the School was placed on the Government List of Voluntary Training Colleges, in con- sequence of which the number of Students was increased and the premises at Betha- bara found to be quite inadequate. New buildings were therefore erected by the Moravian Church at Bethlehem in the Santa Cruz Mountains, the School mean- while being temporarily removed to Salem. The new School, opened in February, 1889, has accommodation for 15 Students. In addition to the work required by the Government free and regular lessons are given in the following subjects : Euclid, Algebra, French and Harmonium-playing. The Government granted thirteen main- tenance scholarships to the School for the current year Principal—Rev. S. Negus, Bethlehem, Malvern. Assistants-Miss M. L. Klesel. Miss E. B. Doran. Miss T. C. Baker. MORAVIAN MALE TRAINING COLLEGE, FAIRFIELD. This Institution was commenced in the year 1840, and with one short intermission has been continued ever since. It has done good work in supplying Male Teachers for the Day Schools in connection with the Church of the Brethren, not only in Ja- maica but also on the Mosquito Coast and elsewhere. Nearly the whole of the cost of the establishment up to the close of 1885 was borne by the Moravian Mission Board in Germany, but at present the Government pays maintenance allowance and bonus for twenty-six Students. During the year 1890, 10 more Students were, at the request of the Inspector of Schools, admitted from the Government Training College at Spanish Town. There are now 30 Students in training. Principal-Rev. P. A. Herman-Smith, Fairfield, Spur Tree P.O. CALABAR INSTITUTION OR JAMAICA BAPTIST COLLEGE. This Institution was projected immediately after the abolition of slavery, but was not opened until the month of October, 1843. It was commenced at Calabar, near Rio Bueno. The buildings were erected by funds supplied by the Baptist Missionary Society in England, in which the entire premises were vested in trust. The objects of the Institution, as set forth in the trust deed, are the education of Ministers of the Gospel and Day School Teachers for Jamaica, the neighbouringislands, and for Africa. For the first ten or twelve years it was conducted as a Theological Institution only, although a large proportion of those who were admitted as Theological Students, not being found eligible for the Ministry, became Schoolmasters. The first President of the College was the Rev. Joshua Tinson, who conducted it till the time of his death, 1850. The Rev. D. J. East was appointed by the Baptist Missionary Society as Mr. Tinson's successor and took charge of the Institution in January, 1852. In 1843 it had been opened with ten Students, but on Mr. East's arrival there were only four. His attention was immediately turned to the extension of its usefulness, and in 1854 arrangements were made for uniting with the Theological Department a Normal School for the education and training of Day School Teachers. To this was added an Elementary Day School as a training ground for Schoolmas- ters. Subsequently, also, a department was opened for the admission of lay pupils. Èventually the locality of Rio Bueno was deemed unsuitable for the Institution on its enlarged basis and it was agreed, by the joint action of the Committee in Eng. land and that in Jamaica, to remove it to Kingston, the spacious premises of the Baptist Missionary Society in East Queen Street having become available for the pur. pose. Accordingly the removal was effected in 1869. Buildings then standing, which RECTORY SCHOOL. 339 could be utilized, were repaired and old ones were pulled down. A Student's hall and a residence for the Normal School Tutor were erected. To these a residence for the Classical Tutor was subsequently added and the Students' Hall was enlarged by the addition of ten dormitories and three rooms for study. The Student's Hall comprises sleeping accommodation for 36 young men, a dining room, rooms for study, three class rooms, a science room with gallery and a library containing about 8,000 volumes. There are extensive playgrounds both for Students and Scholars, Since the Institution was begun in 1843 fifty-three Students have graduated for the Ministry, and eight are now in training; one hundred and eighteen Schoolmas- ters have been trained, and twenty-six are now in the College. The number of Stu- dents in residence is thirty-four. Of those who have left the College one hundred and eighteen are, or have been Schoolmasters in Jamaica or the Turks Islands, Santo Domingo, Africa, and Central America, and fifty-three are, or have been, Ministers in this island, or in Hayti, Turks Islands, Cuba, United States of America or elsewhere. The Theological Students pass Examinations annually under Examiners in Eng- land. The Schoolmaster Students are all sent to the Government Examinations a fair proportion passing in the upper divisions. The Rev. S. Hodges, Dr. Dick, now of the Glasgow College, Scotland, and Mr. A. Gunning successively held the position of Normal School Tutor till the arrival of the Rev. J. Seed Roberts in October, 1864. The Tutorial Staff now consists of the Rev. W. Pratt, as President, Theological Tutor and Treasurer ; the Rev. James Balfour, M.A., Classical and Mathematical Tutor; Rev. L. Tucker, M.A., Normal School Tutor; and Mr. T. B. Stephenson, Master of the Model School. At present the numbers in the Institution are—110 Theological, 26 Normal, and 250 Day Scholars. The Students of the several departments attend some classes in each, except that the Scholars of the General Day School are kept entirely apart. The course of the Theological Students is spread over five years ; that of the Normal School over three years. The Institution is maintained in the following way: (1) The Baptist Missionary Society in England appoints and provides for the Tutors, and for the cost of the erection of buildings and of structural repairs. (2) The Baptist Churches and the friends of education in Jamaica provide for the board and residence of the Students, as also for the general current expenses, aided by donations from some few friends in England and the Government grants-in-aid. Five Students are sustained on the foundation of the “ Taylor's Trust Fund” and sixteen in part by the Government maintenance scheme. The local management of the Institution is vested in a Committee representing contributing Churches in the island. But while the education of Ministers is con- fined to the Baptist Body, it is distinctly provided that the other departments of the Institution—the Normal School for the training of Teachers, and the Model Day School-are open to members of any Christian denomination, and that in these the teaching shall be strictly UNSECTARIAN. RECTORY SCHOOL, PORT MARIA. In this School is given a thorough English Education, together with the Elements of the Classics and Mathematics, and boys are fitted for the Jamaica Civil Service Competitive Examination and for the Cambridge Local Examination. The course of study consists of (1) the English Language, History and Geography; (2) Writing and Penmanship; (3) Natural Science and Chemistry; (4) Arithmetic, Àlgebra and Geometry;(5) Latin, Greek and French ; (6) Singing and Instrumental Music. There are three Terms in the year. The first begins on the third Monday in Janu- ary ; the second eight days after Easter, and the third on the first Monday in Septem- ber. There are five weeks holiday at Christmas, one week at Easter and six weeks at Midsummer. 340 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA, The charges are :-For boys from 7 to 12 years old £2 per Term. 6 " 12 to 16 " £3* " Boarders pay £10 per Term for Board and Lodging if they remain the whole Term. If they are able to come in residence on Mondays and return home on Fridays £8 is charged. PRINCIPAL.-Rev. John H. H. Graham. MASTER—Mr. G. S. Grange, B.A., London University. ST. GEORGE'S COLLEGE. SINCE 1852 there has been attached to the Catholic Clergy House a School of higher education. It has been conducted by one or more of the Fathers, with the assistance of Lay Teachers, as occasion required. Many now in different parts of the island re- ceived their education in this School during the first thirteen years of its existence, when it was under the management of Father Simon. On his returning to New Orleans in 1865 the School ceased to exist; it was resuscitated in 1868 by Father Jones in the premises which it now occupies, 26 North Street. He took boarders; most of them came from Haiti, some from Central America, and a few from different parts of Ja- maica; day scholars were also admitted. Finally, in 1872, after a few months of abeyance, there was a re-opening of the School for day scholars only, under the management of the Rev. F. X. Jaeckel. He was succeeded by Father George Hug- gins in 1877, who in 1878 handed over his pupils to Father J. Ryan, B.A. He was succeeded in May, 1885, by Father W.J. Burns, then by Father H. Martyn Parker, M.A., who in his turn has recently been succeeded by Father William Hudson. The Superior of the College at present is the Right Rev. Dr. Gordon and the masters are Fathers Spillman and Hudson. The course of studies comprehends in 24 hours weekly- 1. Latin, English, French. 4. Caligraphy, Drawing. 2. Arithmetic, Geometry, Algebra. 5. Declamation, Extempore speaking. 3. History, Geography. 6. Vocal Music. 7. Religion. The Terms are £2 per quarter paid in advance. Books and stationery, extra. The vacations are about three weeks at Christmas, four in June, and one week at Easter. THE KINGSTON COLLEGIATE SCHOOL. PROVISION has been made for giving a sound English and Commercial Education and for preparing pupils for the Cambridge Local Examinations, the Medical and Legal Professions, and for Matriculation at English and Colonial Universities. The curriculum embraces the subjects included in a good English and Commercial Education, namely, English Grammar, Composition, History, Geography, English Language and Literature, Book-keeping, Précis Writing, etc. Languages-Greek, Latin, French and German. Mathematics-Arithmetic, Algebra, Geometry, Physical Science, Trigonometry, Conic Sections, etc. Arrangements have been made for the education of a Junior Class of Pupils in preparation for entrance into the Upper Forms of the School Mrs. Morrison continues to conduct her Elementary Class at the same premises. The School Year consists of forty-two weeks of actual tuition and is divided into four Terms; two of ten and two of eleven weeks each. The Holidays are four weeks at Christmas, a week at Easter, and five weeks at Midsummer. The fees for tuition, payable in advance, are as follows:- For Pupils under 10 years of age ... £l 100 per term. For Pupils between 10 and 12 years age 1 15 0 For Pupils above 12 years of age ... .. 2 100 The charge for Board payable in advance is 8 0 0 o « Washing .... 1 0 0 " " " Repair of pupil's clothing 0 3 0 PRINCIPAL.-W. Morrison, M.A., University and King's College, Aberdeen. MASTERS.-A. H. Hendriks and other Masters, The School is situated at No. 135 Orange Street. GRAMMAR SCHOOL. 341 ST. MARY'S COLLEGE. THE St. Mary's College is situated on the borders of Manchester, close to St. Paul's Church, which serves as its Chapel; and is 27 miles fromthe post town of Bala- clava in St. Elizabeth, where a statior on the new Railway extension is to be located. It is designed as a High School for Girls in which is formed a class for preparing for the University Examinations and for any who desire to qualify themselves as Teachers in private families or High Schools. The Institution is in connection with the Church of England in Jamaica, and is under the supervision of the Rev. E. Bassett Key. The quarterly terms are- Boarding £6 0 0 English (including Science and Vocal Music) 2 0 0 Instrumental Music 1 0 0 Drawing 0 10 0 Languages 0 16 0 10 5 0 There is in addition an entrance fee of £5 which must be paid on enrolling. The ages are from 8 to 16. Application for prospectus and further information should be addressed to the Rov. E. Bassett Key, Balaclava P.O. JAMAICA CHURCH THEOLOGICAL COLLEGE. This Institution is situated at Bishop's Lodge (until lately the residence of His Lordship the Bishop) and the erection of a suitable and substantial pile of college buildings in another part of the grounds has been commenced. The object of the College is to train students for ordination in the Church of England and to main- tain a general supervision over the work and studies of the Catechists and Lay Readers (numbering about 150) of the Diocese. Under its present management it was estab- lished in January, 1883, since which time 33 Students have been partially or entirely prepared for ordination. The Institution possesses a small Endowment Fund amount- ing to £3,000, contributed by Lady Howard de Walden, but is supported by volun- tary donations and subscriptions. The Rev. H. Seymour Isaacs, M.A., of Cavendish and Ridley Hall, Cambridge, is Warden, and the Rev. J. B. Ellis, M.A., Trinity College, Cambridge, is Tutor. The Special Lecturers are the Bishop of Jamaica, the Assistant Bishop of Jamaica, the Rev. H. H. Isaacs, M.A., the Rev. H. M.F McDermott, the Rev. H. H. Kilburn and Dr. G. C. Henderson. COMMITTEE OF MANAGEMENT. The Lord Bishop of Jamaica, Chairman. The Right Rev. the Assistant Bishop, Vice-Chairman, Ven. Archdeacon Ramson. Rev. E. J. Wortley. Rev. G. W. Downer. Rev. R. G. Ambrose, Rev. H. M. F. McDermot. Hon. W.J. Ewen. Rev, H. H. Isaacs, M.A. Rev, F. H. Sharpe. Hon. John T. Orrett. Rev. F. L. King. Charles Goldie. Rev. H. H. Kilburn. George Henderson, Rev. W. Simms, M.A. Thomas Harrison, Esqs. Mr. J. R. Latreille, Secretary and Treasurer. THE CHURCH OF ENGLAND GRAMMAR SCHOOL. THE object for which this School is founded, is to provide a sound and liberal education, the religious element of which shall be distinctly based upon the teach- ing of the Church of England. The School year is divided into three terms each of about 3 months in duration. The fees are--For boys under 12, £6 per annum " over " £8" which in all cases must be payable terminally and in advance. The subject taught include-English, French, Latin and Mathematics. Provision has also been made for instruction in Greek, Music, Drawing and Short- hand. 342 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. There is an Athletic Club in connection with the School, where ample opportuni. ties are provided for manly exercise. Arrangements on a moderate scale for Boarding in Kingston, could be made for boys coming from the country. Address-Rev. M. C. Clare, The Rectory, Kingston. Patron—The Right Reverend the Lord Bishop of Jamaica. Warden-Rev. G. W. Downer, Rector of Kingston. Head Master-Rev. M. C. Clare, T.C.D., (certificated South Kensington Science and Art in Geometry, Perspective and Freehand). Assistant Master and Bursar-Rev. G. H. Thompson. THE HEBREW NATIONAL INSTITUTION. FORMERLY there existed in the City of Kingston two public Jewish Schools sup- ported respectively by the members of the two congregations established there. It was however determined to amalgamate them under the above designation and to depend for support upon the general community. It is fast approaching fifty years since this object was successfully accomplished, when the first Principal elected to direct the internal management was the late Henry Vendryes, Esq. The mode of government, well suited to the period when the Hebrew National Institution was established, was found to be unsuited to the present day ; it was therefore determined to reorganize the School and to reform its management. This was successfully done and the School now has an average daily attendance of 25 children. The Institution has the sum of £1,000 invested in island debentures. BOARD OF DIRECTORS. Vacant- President. Vacant-Vice-President. Hiam Barrow, Esq. Herman Stern, Esq. Solomon Morais, Esq., Hon. Secy. E. C. D'Azevedo, Esq., Treasurer. TRUSTEES. H. Barrow H. Stern, Esqs. ST. MARY'S ORPHANAGE AND INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL, ALPHA COTTAGE. St. Mary's Orphanage was established by the late Very Reverend Thomas Porter. It is managed on the principle of a Farm Industrial School. There are about 40 children in it at present who earn about half of what is necessary for their main- tenance. It is the only Orphanage in the island, is exceedingly well managed and well worthy of public support. Within the grounds of Alpha Cottage are also two Denominational Industrial Schools. One is licensed by Government for 50 Girls, the other for 53 Boys. The inmates of all these Schools are taught what is usual in Elementary Schools, and the Girls strawplaiting, straw hat-making, house cleaning, cooking, washing and the general duties of domestic service, and in addition the cultivation of plants useful on small holdings, as are also the Boys. When the Boys are sufficiently grounded in Elementary Education, it is proposed to transfer them to a Farm School in the country where they will be taught practical agriculture, and the trades more imme- diately connected with it or apprentice them to trados before their time of com- mittal expires. These Schools are under the charge of Sisters of Mercy most of whom have come over recently from London for the purpose. CHURCH OF ENGLAND. 343 PART IX. [On account of the increasing size of the Handbook it has been necessary to leave out the interesting accounts of the early history of the Churches, for which the reader is referred to the Handbook of 1891.] THE CHURCH OF ENGLAND IN JAMAICA. The early history of the Church of England in Jamaica from its establish- ment in 1662 under the Deputy Governorship of Sir Charles Lytleton up to the year 1866, the time of the inauguration of Crown Government, has been published in previous numbers of the Jamaica Handbook, and to these the reader is referred for such information as he needs prior to the advent in Jamaica of Sir John Peter Grant. One of the early despatches of Sir John Grant to the British Government announced that the “charges for Organists, Beadles and other Church servants, and all the miscellaneous and contingent expenses of the several Churches and Chapels which were defrayed by the several Parish Vestries out of the annual appropriation from the general revenue made to these Vestries” had been discontinued, with the concurrence of the Bishop of Kingston; and that “no vacancy occurring in the Ecclesiastical Establishment would be filled until a new scheme for supplying the religious wants of the island should be determined upon by Her Majesty's Government." The Governor added that these arrangements would effect a saving of £8,894 in the expenditure of the year 1867, and he asked for instructions as to the future, adding that “it has been perfectly understood by all parties here that the re-arrange- ment of the Ecclesiastical Establishment after 1869 would be treated as an open question." This reference led to a lengthy correspondence between the Bishop of Kingston, Sir John Grant, and Earl Granville, the then Colonial Minister, which continued until the disestablishment of the Church by the expiry of the then Clergy Law. Subsequently the enabling statute, Law 30 of 1870, was passed by the Legislative Council. This Law “regulated the disestab- lishment and the gradual disendowment of the Church of England in this Island, and authorized a constitution to be formed for the future government of the Church on the voluntary principle; and it gave power to Her Majesty, whenever the proper time arrived, to incorporate by charter the duly ap- pointed representatives of the Church Communion, after which incorporation the Governor would have the power to vest in such Corporate Body all Church property.”+ The Law also made provision “for the continuance of their sti. pends to those Clergymen upon the late Establishment who should continue in the due discharge of their ecclesiastical duties as members of the voluntary communion.” The Law was framed on the Canadian and Irish precedents. On the 1st of January, 1870, the beginning of disestablishment, there were in the Diocese 14 Rectors, 36 Island Curates, and 16 Stipendiary Curates, making a total of 66 Clergymen. Of these 51 attended the first Synod, which was held in Kingston in the month of January under the presidency of the Bishop of Kingston. Forty-one Lay Representatives were also present. The first of the principles unanimously agreed to and promulgated was “that the Church in this island shall be known as the Church of England in Ja. * Parliamentary Papers on the Affairs of Jamaica, July, 1867. t Sir John Grant's Blue Book Report for 1870. 344 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. maica,” and that “ the union and communion of this Church with the Church of England shall be by all means preserved and strengthened.” A constitution was then drawn up, in which it was provided that the go- vernment of the Church should be vested in a Synod to consist of a Bishop, the Clergy and the Representatives of the Laity chosen by the registered male Communicants and by such of the Non-communicant Members as might de- clare themselves to belong to no other religious denomination. All Representa- tives to Synod were to be themselves Communicants. Provision was also made for the annual appointment of a Diocesan Council to consist of twelve Clergy- men and twelve Laymen, “ to advise and assist the Bishop in all matters con- nected with the administration of the Diocese, not specially committed to the management of the Financial Board.” The Diocesan Financial Board was “ to administer such central funds as may be committed to its control, and the revenues of Church property, according to such rules as the Synod may ap. prove," and was to consist of the Bishop, the Archdeacons and Commissaries, the members of the Corporate Body and 13 elected members, one of whom was annually to be chosen by the Synod as Chairman of such Board. The Corporate Body (or rather the Incorporated Lay Body of the Church of Eng- land in Jamaica) was to hold the property and funds of the Church and to ex- ercise all the other rights and duties required of them under the Law of Dis- establishment, and was to consist of four Communicant Lay-members of the Church to be appointed by the Synod. The management of the parochial or local affairs of the Church was placed in the hands of Church Committees, elected by those qualified to vote for Lay Representatives, and to consist of not more than twelve members, two-thirds of whom should be Communicants. The Clergyman of the Church to be served was given the power of nomination, and was made Chairman of the Committee when in session. Two Churchwardens were to be appointed for each Church from the elected Church Committee—one to be chosen by the Incumbent, the other by the Church Committee itself- and their duties were the care of the Church Buildings, Churchyards, and other Church property, the alloca- tion of pews and sittings, and the preservation of order in the Churches. The Church thus constituted met with the general sympathy and support of the laity and became more strong and vigorous than ever she was. “As a rule," as stated by an independent writer belonging to another communion, " the congregations have shewn themselves both willing and able to provide “ for the ministrations of the Sanctuary, while, with very few exceptions, we “see on almost every side signs of activity and zeal the most gratifying." Bishop Courtenay retired in April, 1879, after a connection of a quarter of a century with the Diocese, and Dr. Tozer, formerly Missionary Bishop of Eastern Africa, was appointed as his successor; but Bishop Tozer, after six months' service, had to retire on account of ill-health. On the 16th July, 1880, a Special Synod was held for the election of another Bishop. The Rev. Enos Nuttall, B.D., the Incumbent of St. George's Church in Kingston, was chosen and was subsequently consecrated in St. Paul's Cathedral, London, on 28th October, 1880, by the Archbishop of Canterbury, assisted by the Bishops of Winchester, London and Rochester, Bishop Perry, late Metro- politan of Australia, Bishop Claughton, Chaplain General, Bishop Courtenay, Iate of Kingston, Jamaica, and the Bishops of Antigua, Trinidad and Nassau. Dr. Nuttall returned to the colony on the 20th November, 1880, and imme. diately assumed his duties as Bishop of Jamaica. * Quoted by Sir Anthony Musgrave in his Lecture before the Royal Colonial Institute in London. CHURCH OF ENGLAND. 345 At a special Synod held on the 12th September, 1888, it was unanimously resolved “ that the appointment of an Assistant Bishop was necessary to assist the Bishop of Jamaica, in consequence of the growth of the Diocese and the heavy work which its missionary character entails on him.” The Synod there- upon proceeded to consider the appointment and having received a nomina- tion of the Venerable Archdeacon Charles Frederick Douet, M.A., from His Lordship the Bishop, the question as to the confirmation of the nomination was put and unanimously agreed to. Archdeacon Douet proceeded to England and was consecrated a Bishop in Westminster Abbey by the Archbishop of Canterbury, assisted by the Bishops of Manchester, Rochester, Newcastle, Ely, Jamaica, Adelaide (South Australia,) and Jerusalem and the Bishop Suffragan of Dover, on the 30th November. His Lordship returned to Jamaica on the 29th December, 1888, and assumed the duties of his office. British Honduras has hitherto been included in the See of Jamaica, but the great length of time occupied in travelling between the two countries, added to the difficulties of travelling in British Honduras, convinced the Synod of the thorough impracticability of working that diocese in con- junction with Jamaica. The Primate, and the other Bishops of the West Indian Diocese, there- fore met at Barbados on 1st March, 1891, and Archdeacon Holme was duly consecrated Bishop of British Honduras, being also the first Bishop consecrated in the West Indies. He at once proceeded to British Honduras, via Jamaica, and had the misfortune to be wrecked in the S. S. “Hondo” between Jamaica and Belize, losing all his books and luggage, but arriving safely in Belize on 13th April, 1891. On the 6th July, 1891, not quite three months after his arrival in Belize, he died from an attack of fever and dysentery brought on by an excess of zeal in the discharge of his duties. In regard to the finances of the Church for 1891° it may be interesting to know that the receipts of money for all purposes paid into the credit of the Diocesan Church Fund for that year amounted to £22,600 58. 10d. In addition to this there was a balance of £11,746 6s. 1d. in the Bank from 1890 and a further sum of £700 for matured Debentures, was lodged just before the close of the year making a total of £35,046 11s. 11d. Under the head of Expenditure we find from the Report of the Diocesan Financial Board that for Episcopal Supervision the amount was £1,034. The Diocesan Expenses Fund shows an Expenditure of £1,398 19s. 10d. This fund has no endowment and the whole expenditure has to be met by assessments on the Churches. It should, however, be borne in mind, that this fund contributes £100 each to the Clergy Pension Fund and a Special Clergy Pension Fund; £100 each for Removal Expenses of Clergy and Episcopal Travelling Allowance. The staff connected with the office, including Secre- taries to the Bishop, Synod, Diocesan Council, Diocesan Financial Board, Dio. cesan Education Board, the Accountant, the Clerk and the Auditor, cost £510. The Contribution from this Fund to the “Jamaica Churchman” is £60. The other items of expenditure in this account comprising Law account, Printing, Postages, Stationery, Rent, Pension, Copying, Furniture, Books and Contingencies amounted to £415 12s. 10d. The grants from the General Sustentation Fund to the poor Churches amounted to £806 16s. 4d. * Later figures not yet available, 346 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. During the year the sum of £9,000 was withdrawn from the Government Savings Bank, and invested in Debentures under Law 27 of 1890. A noticeable feature in the accounts is the increase of £1,535 15s. 5d. over last year in the amount loaned to the Churches for the building, enlargement and repair of Churches, Missionary Stations and Parsonages. Some portion of the money expended consists of grants made by societies in England which now pass through the books of the Diocesan Financial Board, the appropriation of some of which is regulated by the Bishop of the Diocese. The great bulk of the expenditure goes to meet the salaries of the Clergy and Catechists and may roughly be stated at £12,000. The Capital Funds of the Church on 31st December, 1891, consisted of £5,400 in debentures, £502 Os. 80. in Govt. Savings Bank, £14,664 Os. 9d, in loans, and a balance of £4,706 8s. 9d. in the Colonial Bank-Total £73,972 10s. 2d. STATISTICAL SYNOPSIS FROM DISESTABLISHMENT IN JANY., 1870, TO FEBY., 1891. Clergy. State-paid. Annual Dates of Synods. Government School Grants, &c. Grants Number to Church of of England Schools. Schools. Session. Rectors. Island Cu- rates. | Stipendi- rates. | ary Cu- paid. Non-State I Total. 2nd 119 No Synod was held in 1878. ODS 0 1st Synod Jan, 1870 Sep. 1870 3rd Aug. 1871 4th Aug. 1872 5th Aug. 1873 6th Feb. 1874 7th Aug. 1875 8th Aug, 1876 9th Nov. 1877 10th Apl. 1879 11th Dec. 1880 12th Nov, 1881 13th Feb. 1882 14th Feb. 1883 15th Feb, 1884 16th Feb. 1885 17th Mar. 1886 18th Feb. 1887 19th Feb. 1888 20th Feb. 1889 21st Feb. 1890 22nd Feb. 1891 23rd Feb. 1892 9999000 20 0 O OO O O £2,115 17 0 2,652 13 0 3,306 0 0 3,645 13 0 4,099 40 4,275 4 0 4,929 2 0 5,271 1 0 6,003 15 0 6,605 13 0 5,299 4 0 5,440 14 0 5,883 15 0 6,068 18 0 6,255 1 0 6,069 90 6,555 60 7,533 11 8,293 7 0 139 149 150 157 160 186 193 229 234 228 223 224 228 235 OS OS CU CU CU CU U CS OF OP OT Or 235 235 251 270 OFFICERS OF SYNOD .Right Rev. Enos Nuttall, D.D., Lord Bishop, President. Rev. E.J. Wortley, Secretary. Hon. T. L. Harvey, Legal Adviser, THE CORPORATE BODY Hon. W. J. Ewen J. C. Macglashan, Esq. Hon. John T. Orrett, I. W. Anderson, Esq., M.D. Hon. T. L. Harvey, Secretary. 343 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. CLERGY AND STATISTICS OF THE DIOCESE, Average Alte Name of Church. Name of Clergyman. Total Regis- tered Mem- bers. Parish. ing Dec. 1891.) Baptisms dur- Marriages. ance at Sunday Schools. Collections of money for all Purposes. £ 1,608 8. 1 d. 9 1,534 Kingston. G. W. Downer M. Clare G. Thomson H H. Kilburn R. G. Ambrose J. Messiah G, R. Massias Parish Church St. George's St. Michael's Port Royal Allman Town Mission Stations. West Branch . St. Alban's 1,106 2 817 1 286 8 83 17 3 7 1 8 i H. H. Kilburn G. W. Downer 9 14 8 54 11 8 H. H. Isaacs, M.A. Halfway-Tree H. S. Isaacs, M.A. R. J. McPherson The Grove H. F. Kirton . Woodford J. N. Swaby Craigton H. M. F. McDermot Clifton A. A. Hedmann Mavis Bank Catechist J. Campbell, B.A. Mount James Mount James 3 F. H. Perkins Brandon Hill : J. Campbell, B.A. . St. Christopher's . | F. H. Perkins Stony Hill . F. H. Perkins Mission Stations. Swallowfield Cross Roads August Town H. H. Isaacs, M.A. St. Barnabas Hunt's Bay Padmore F. H. Perkins croco. wooden 994 14 11 153 8 10 97 17 0 129 13 9 154 6 10 108 10 0 62 11 9 98 10 0 132 00 St. Andrew. 166 48 100 19 9 306 17 2 22 0 3 16 14 10 13 8 0 5 1 5 So005 070 8wnc oOoO 5 Morant Bay A. J. James Yallahs J. D. MacPherson. Woburn Lawn . D. W. Bland Blue Mtn. Valley. | D. W. Bland Bath P. D. M. Cornwall Golden Grove St. Thomas. 274 110 360 368 127 210 opere o coa now 204 1 120 0 147 4 0 134 17 0 84 7 4 187 13 6 the 68 C 1 . On Mission Stations. Bull Bay J. D. McPherson. St. Boniface A. J. James Mount Felix P. D, M. Cornwall. Port Antonio T. Harty Manchioneal | 0. C. Douce Rural Hill O. C. Douce Boston C. C. Douce St. Margaret's Bay Catechist Hope Bay Thos. Banbury Buff Bay W. J. Dewdney Birnam Wood . W. J. Dewdney Mission Stations. Moore Town J. Thomas John's Hall . J. Thomas Bybrook A. Cole Claverty Cottage. Catechist Cooper's Hill 991 340 290 292 465 461 325 Portland. 48 1 3 39 8 11 977 17 9 175 18 10 142 19 11 160 9 9 238 4 8 168 18 6 269 17 4 112 3 1 142 3 9 173 10 4 27 4 0 48 12 8 320 A 326 o w or E ENS Catechist Fairfield Catechist 300 110 120 COM CHURCH OF ENGLAND. 349 CLERGY AND STATISTICS OF THE DIOCESE, continued. Name of Church. Name of Clergyman. Parish. Total Regis- tered Mem. Baptisms dur- ing year end- ing Dec. 1891. bers. Marriages. Average Attend. Collections ance at of money Sunday for all Schools. Purposes. 620 340 140 131 73 Bishop Douet E. G. Wortley W. K. Busselt G. C. Linton R. Harding G. C. Linton Catechist 0. W. D. Lane 0. W. D. Lane Catechist B. A. S. MacCalla. B. A. S. MacCalla . Catechist 77 The Cathedral Trinity, Sp. Town Harewood Linstead St. Faith & Somerset Hall Lluidas Vale . Point Hill St. John's, O.P.C ! Old Harbour . St. Philip's . Highgate Mission Stations. 413 392 345 448 251 279 258 381 162 £ 8. d. 557 12 3 254 18 0 302 4 4 141 10 9 205 17 123 6 70 17 101 7 7 186 13 2 56 195 14 19 10 loonboom St. Catherine. 103 114 onNOWA Goba Woodside Crescent Pen Lucky Valley St. Gabriel's Ewarton G. C. Linton E. J. Wortley R. Harding W. C. MacCalla R. Harding 10 16 9 32 10 7 15 12 3 11 12 1 20 1 16 14 3 J. W. Austin W. E. Evelyn, B.A. J. D. Hunt C. T, Husband wwwwanden TT-11 Chapelton Arthur's Seat St. Gabriel's St. Peter's Milk River Kemp's Hill Portland Hayes Mission Stations. 727 323 193 160 235 116 168 139 371 6 10 111 16 1 244 17 9 197 18 0 119 14 5 36 13 3 51 18 2 53 10 8 C. T. Husband C. T. Husband Clarendon. Mocho J. D. Hunt Wildman's Gift 1 W. Evelyn Good Hope Trinity J. W. Austin Ænon Town J.J. C. Ormsby Toll Gate C. H. Swaby Salt River 10. T. Husband Frankfield J. W. Austin 181 40 3 31 7 29 1 33 18 15 15 73 1 58 i Cocono -10--- 37 28 7 Port Maria Retreat Highgate Annotto Bay Scott's Hall J. H. Graham W. T. Graham, B.A. F.M.H.Mercier,B.A. 324 398 340 628 458 9 3 231 11 0 858 18 6 now 533 14 No 9 St. Mary. Mission Stations. 37 3 00 Bellfield Labyrinth Enfield Bascobel Bonnygate i i S. A. Swaby W. Graham W. S. Taylor W. Graham J. H. Graham 11 War 49 2 7 129 11 4 34 16 7 3 WOSHA 350 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. CLERGY AND STATISTICS OF THE DIOCESE, continued. Name of Church. Name of Clergyman. Parish. Total Regis- tered Mem- Baptisms dur- ing year end- ing Dec. 1891. bers. Marriages. Average Atten- Collections dance at of money Sunday for all Schools. Purposes. 650 £ 434 8. 9 d. 0 7172 SE 60 Rt. Rev.C.F.Douet A. Browne W. R. Brown E. Clarke J. Cass C. H. Swaby F. L. King C. H. Swaby J. S. Farquharson T. A. Fraser E. B. Key Mandeville Mile Gully Christiana Porus Snowdon Chantilly Providence Pratville Keynsham 341 374 189 Manchester. 274 142 195 368 80 250 370 11 2 337 16 5 254 8 317 10 8 119 5 129 9 201 18 7 226 70 ONONCOIN 340 394 352 EBRO 190 80 Mission Stations. Old England Craig Head . Comfort Hall . Smithfield Rt. Rev. C. F. Douet J. Cass E, Clarke F, L, King 50 4 90 12 101 6 79 15 5 0 1 3 117 20 St. Ann's Bay Ocho Rios Brown's Town Aboukir Guy's Hill Claremont | R. J. Ripley J. H. Chandler J. P. Hall . J.J.C. Ormsby . J. A. Bowen J.T. H. Chandler . 296 247 177 - En or coww w..con 454 50 174 5 11 267 3 0 83 14 7 241 13 8 319 711 92 14 St. Ann. 111 T 439 272 1 Mission Stations, Bamboo Clapham J. T. H. Chandler. J. A. Bowen 829 RS 647 422 770 338 120 J. L. Ramson J. S. Fraser A. P. Kennedy A. E. Lewis A. E. Lewis A. P. Kennedy Wm. Noble J. D. Ellis A, A. Hedman J. S. Fraser 448 387 333 St. Elizabeth, 6 7 9 21 17 11 441 10 8 264 14 6 291 3 6 183 5 142 9 130 5 141 1 2 550 211 9 3 86 911 34 4 6 14 14 6 25 9 CS HOW 960 365 1.016 IS Slipe Black River Lacovia Gilnock Mount Hermon Nain St. Alban's Plains St. Mary Siloah Tabernacle Mission Stations. Bull Savannah Alligator Pond Barbary Hall Mt. Trinity Sav.-la-Mar Trinity Bluefields Kings St. Paul's . Negril Petersfield Darliston New Road Mission Stations. Kew Park Kentucky Mount Airy - 10 cele de mai 1 crew w HD599 141 93 J. S. Vaughan S. G. Shrimpton S. G. Shrimpton W. C. MacCalla 69 19 Westmoreland. 293 4 6 138 1 4 160 15 6 234 3 8 45 17 0 213 15 4 314 12 5 125 2 10 299 C. M. Buckley . Heaver W. Heaver 70 18 W. Heaver S. G. Shrimpton W. C. MacCalla CHURCH OF SCOTLAND. 351 CLERGY AND STATISTICS OF THE DIOCESE, continued. аг е Name of Church. Name of Clergyman. Total Regis- tered Mem- Baptisms dur- ing Dec. 1891. bers, Parish. Marriages. Average Attend. Collections ance at of money Sunday for all Schools. Purposes. 460 285 £483 11 9 146 18 5 219 6 249 Hanover. Lucea | C. H. Davis, A.K.C. Green Island . D. E. Farrell St. Saviour's | J. Ord Mission Stations, Church Hill Dalmally Chester Castle Hopewell II la Cost 97 75 47 7 6 28 3 3 36 588 173 F. H. Sharpe E. J. Thomas J. A. Garcia del Rio C. G. McGregor . 336 St. James. 571 17 10 429 10 5 214 18 8 88 17 8 144 Montego Bay Holy Trinity . Marley . Montpelier Mission Stations. Cambridge Grace Hill Blue Hole 36 8 4 71 13 13 48 . la WW BANCO leol ob Falmouth Swanswick Rio Bueno Stewart Town . Gibraltar St. Silas Mission Stations, Albert Town Wait-a-bit Trelawny. E. A. Stewart C. Melville C. R. Chandler J. E Miller J. E, Miller | E, B. Key 265 13 277 6 5 143 90 50 8 2 43 15 9 140 19 1 97 3 1 Total . 40,395 9,9001311) 13,999 £27,162 10 7 CHURCH OF SCOTLAND. The Church of Scotland has in Jamaica five Churches, four Clergymen, and between fourteen and fifteen hundred communicants, ten Day Schools, eight Sunday Schools with Scholars to the number of 900 and upwards. Its adherents are about 6,000. The General Assembly of the Church which met at Edinburgh in May, 1890, gave its sanction and approval to the formation of a Presbytery tho members of which shall be the ordained Ministers of the Church labouring in Jamaica and the island of Grenada, along with a representative Elder from each Kirk Session. The meetings take place bi-annually. There is one Church in Kingston and there are four others situated in the Parishes of Manchester and St. Elizabeth-Medina, Accompong, Retirement and Giddy Hall. The Scotch Church in Kingston was opened for service in the year 1819, It is one of the finest buildings in Jamaica and cost over £12,000 sterling in its erection. It is octagonal in form, and while in an architectural point of view its external appear- ance is massive and somewhat heavy, its internal arrangements are graceful if not elegant, Its organ is one of the best in the City and it is well lighted. To this Church pertains the honor of being the first to establish a Sunday School in Jamaica. The Services of the Church are as follows:- SUNDAY SERVICES. Public Worship : Forenoon at 11 a.m. : Evening at 7 p.m. Sunday School : Morning at 9.30 a.m. WEEK-DAY SERVICES. Wednesdays, Public Worship at 7 p.m. Fridays, Sunday School Teachers Class at 7 p.m. (1) Women's Guild, first Monday of each month at 4.30 p.m 352 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. (2) Dorcas Society Workers, second Tuesday of each month at 4.30 p.m. (3) Penny Savings Bank, Wednesday at 4 p.m. (4) Zenana Mission Helpers, second Friday of each month at 4.30 p.m. (5) District Visitors will meet on last Monday of each month at 4.30 p.m. (6) Choir Practice, Thursdays at 7 pm. The Lord's Supper is dispensed on the first Sunday in January, Easter Sunday, first Sunday in July and first Sunday in October. There is a Woman's Guild in connection with the congregation with a member- ship of seventy-four. The meetings of the Guild are monthly and take place in the Church. The general object of the Guild is to unite together all women who are engaged in the service of Christ in connection with the Church, or desire to give help to any practical Christian work in the congregation as well as all who are receiv. ing Christian teaching and looking forward to Christian service. The premises formerly known and occupied as the Collegiate School have been repaired-indeed it might be said replaced by a building which contains two halls -the upper and the lower. The lower is for the Sunday School, while the upper is for Congregational Meetings—for Literary Meetings and for such Public Meet- ings as will be sanctioned by the Committee of the Church. The building, which has cost about a thousand pounds, is now known as The Collegiate. The Church of Accompong, which is the Church of the Maroons, is almost within the Town of Accompong, and commands from its site a very fine view. It is designed to accommodate about 300 persons. The Church of Retirement is situated some four miles lower than that of Accom- pong. This Church, not only in the quiet rapidity of its erection and in the whole of its arrangement, but also in the appearance and the industrious habits of its at- tendants, is an evidence of the progress that has been made and is still being made by the people in that neighbourhood. As illustrative of what has been done in a short time in this remote locality it may be stated that Mr. Stuart and Mr. Maxwell, the Ministers of the Maroons at Accompong, Retirement and Giddy Hall, have, amid other agencies at work, seven Sunday Schools, thirty-eight Teachers, and an average attendance of seven hundred Scholars. There are also ten Day Schools. The Church of Giddy Hall is about seven miles north of the town of Black River. The ground and the materials'and a certain amount of endowment were granted by the late J. S. Cooper; while the work that was necessary for the erection of the building was very cheerfully given by the large congregation that now assembles in the Church. The Church of Medina in Manchester was the gift of the late Mrs, Strachan of Medina. The temporary building is very soon to be superseded by one which from its out- ward aspect and its interior arrangements will be an ornament to the neighbour- hood. This, like all the other Churches in connection with the Church of Scotland in Jamaica, has a flourishing Sunday School and has a congregation that is steadily on the increase. STATIONS OF THE CHURCH OF SCOTLAND IN JAMAICA, Ministers, &c. Churches. Address. Minister : Rev. Donald Davidson Kirk Session : Geo. Adams Geo. Campbell Henry Garsia W. R. McPherson John Milholland Kingston Kingston P.O J. C. Silburne Chas. Thwaites Wm. Morrison, M.A. F. A. Ritchie Ronald McPherson W. M. Kelly Ministers : Rev. J. Stuart, M.A., B.D. Accompong, Retirement and Siloah P.O. Giddy Hall Rev. John Maxwell . | Medina and Stations Medina P.O. BAPTIST MISSION. 353 ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH. There is a considerable number of the members of this Church in Kingston where they constitute an influential section of the community. Their principal Church is that of Holy Trinity at the junction of Duke Street and Sutton Street. They have besides about 20 Chapels in various parts of the Island which are pe- riodically visited either from Kingston or by Missionaries resident in the country. HOURS OF SERVICE AT TRINITY CHURCH, KINGSTON. Sundays : 6.30, 7.30, 9 a. m., and 3.30 and 7 p. m. Week Days : 5.45 and 6.30 a. m. Wednesdays and Fridays : 7 p. m. After the 15th October to 15th of March the Evening Services begin at 6.30 p.m. POSTAL ADDRESSES OF THE CLERGY. At the Bishop's House, 26 North Street. The Right Rev. Charles Gordon, Rev. William Spillman. Bishop of Thyatira and Vicar Rev. Patrick Hogan. Apostolic of Jamaica, Rev. John McCormick. Rev. H. Martyn Parker. IN THE COUNTRY. Rev. Joseph Sidney Woollett, 26 North Street. Rev. John Errington, Savanna-la-Mar. EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS. Besides several Elementary Schools in Town and Country there are in Kingston 1-St. George's College, 26 North Street, where a good Classical Education is imparted to the Day Scholars attending it. The Head Master is the Rev. Hudson. 2_The Franciscan Convent, Duke Street, where besides large and most efficient Elementary Schools, there is a Boarding School where from 60 to 70 pupils receive Higher Education, in conjunction with a considerable number of Day Scholars. The Sisters of this Convent have also charge of a first-class Ele- mentary, and also a School for Higher Education in Spanish Town. The Superioress is the Reverend Mother Paula. 3—The Convent of Mary, Camp Road. In this establishinent there are two Industrial Schools and an Orphanage, for which see the article under that heading at page 342. The Sisters of Mary have also charge of a large Elementary School in the East end of the city. The Superioress is the Reverend Mother Winifred. (For historical account of this Church see numbers of the Handbook previous to 1892.) JAMAICA BAPTIST MISSION. It was chiefly through Moses Baker's representations, that the English Baptist Mis- sionary Society was led to take up missionary work in Jamaica. The first Missionary sent out was the Rev.John Rowe, who landed at Montego Bay, February 23rd, 1814. He commenced his earnest labours in Trelawny and St. James, but died in little more than two years after his arrival. In 1815 a second Missionary, Rev. Lee Compere, was appointed, whose labours were commenced near Old Harbour, but who afterwards removed to Kingston, and ere long had a Church containing 400 communicants. Mr. Compere was followed by the Rev. James Coultart, who arrived in Kingston, May 9th, 1817. Thus at important centres, north and south, the Mission was started, and in a very short time, so diligent and successful were the Missionaries, the work ex. tended until its influence was felt, and Churches were formed, in almost every part of the island. The Missionary Society were gratified with the progress made, and generously supplied the Mission with men and means as fully as they were able. Of the many Missionaries sent out, the following names will be held in everlasting re- membrance : Joshua Tinson, James Mursell Phillippo, Thomas Burchell, William Knibb, Walter Dendy, John Clark, John Edward Henderson, Benjamin Millard, and Edward Hewett. In 1831 the Churches contained neary 11,000 members, repre- 354 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. senting adherents amounting to, at least, 20,000. Many years previous to 1838 were years of struggle for the abolition of slavery; and through all these years the Christian Missionary of every denomination was opposed and persecuted in a greater or less degree. The Baptist Missionary was assumed to be among the most zealous friends of the slaves, and therefore received an unusually large share of the persecution. In December, 1849, this Association contained 45 Churches, with 23 Ministers, 3 of whom were natives of the island. The membership at that time was 18,481, and the number of inquirers 1,511. At the beginning of 1850 the Jamaica Baptist Union, as at present constituted, was formed, which embraces nearly all the Baptist Churches in the island, with the exception of a few small congregations in the eastern parishes styling themselves “ Native Baptists." This Union has for its object the promotion of unity of effort in whatever may best serve the cause of Christ in general, and the interest of the Baptist Denomination in particular. The affairs of this Union are managed by a Chairman and a Secretary, annually chosen, and a Committee consisting of Ministers of regularly organized Baptist Churches, who have been proposed by a member of the Board, and elected by three-fourths of the members present in annual session, together with such other persons holding office in connection with the Public Institutions of the Baptist Body as have been similarly elected, and one Delegate appointed by each Church of the Union. In this Union it is fully recognized that every separate Church has, within itself, the power and authority to exercise all ecclesiastical discipline, rule and government and to put in execution all the laws of Christ necessary to its own edification. According to this Constitution each Church forms an independent congregation, and the Union exercises only such controlling influence as may be agreed upon at its annual meetings, and to which the Churches respectively give consent. Without, therefore, the exercise of ecclesiastical authority it is, nevertheless, a salutary and potential influence for the furtherance of its objects. The published report of the Jamaica Baptist Union for 1891, shews that there are 170 Churches connected with it, in which Churches there are 34,961 members and 5,459 inquirers. The Chapel accommodation provided is sufficient for 55,000 per- sons. There are many very commodious and substantial places of worship belong- ing to the Baptists in the island, such as at East Queen Street, Kingston, Spanish Town, Porus, Sav.-la-Mar, Lucea, Montego Bay, Mount Carey, Bethel Town, Fal- mouth, St. Ann's Bay, Brown's Town, Jericho, and many others. In 1891 the Churches contributed £2,861 8s. Od. for building purposes. The congregations support their own Pastors without extraneous aid. There are several important Denominational Institutions connected with the Bap- tist Body in Jamaica. 1. Calabar College, for the education of Ministers and Schoolmasters. (Detailed information concerning this Institution may be found in another part of the Hand- book.) 2. The Jamaica Baptist Missionary Society.--This Society was founded, on its present basis, in 1855, and its objects are thus set forth : To provide for the spiri- tual destitution of various parts of the island-to support the Calabar Institution -to assist Day and Sunday Schools—to send the Gospel to Africa, Central America and the islands by which we are surrounded, and to aid Churches in the Jamaica Baptist Union in their building operations. The ann al income averages about £2,500, and there are at present 8 Foreign and 8 Home Missionaries, supported in whole or in part by the Society. The Foreign Missionaries are labouring in Haiti, Cuba, Costa Rica, Honduras, and the Cayman Islands. The two Missionaries in Honduras (Spanish and British) are wholly sup. ported by funds raised in their spheres of labour. 3. The Sunday School Society. - This Society fulfils a very useful purpose. It exists to encourage and stimulate the Churches in their Sunday School efforts. The last annual report of the Society shews that there are 2,518 Teachers and 28,617 Scho. lars in the Sunday Schools. 4. Day School Society. - This Society has for its chief object the assistance of new Day Schools, under certain conditions, with a view to their coming up to the stan- dard required to entitle them to a grant-in-aid from the Government. The Schools thus aided in 1891 were 17, having 1,194 Scholars. The Society also publishes statis- PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. 355 tics of the general educational work of the denomination. There were in 1891, in- clusive of the above, 215 Schools, with 16,791 children enrolled, and 11,483 in average attendance. The grant-in-aid received from the Government amounted to £4,851 4s. 3d., and the fees paid by the pupils were £1,976 10s. 6d. In the year 1865, be- fore the Government scheme was inaugurated, there were 50 Schools in operation, with 2,451 Scholars on the books, and 1,459 in average attendance. 5. The Total Abstinence Association, the object of which is to spread total absti- nence principles in the Churches and throughout the island. The following are the recognized Baptist Ministers with their postal addresses:-- Name.. Address. Name. Address. : : : Armstrong, S. A. Arnett, E. Ashley, James Balfour, J., M.A. * Barron, Charles Bennett, R. E. Bennett, J. G. Brown, C. S. Brown, W. N. Brown, W. D. Burke, Windsor Chapman, Charles .. Collie, G. S. Cunning, E. H. Dickson, A. Duckett, Angus Duhaney, J. C. Duthie, J. Fray, Ellis Gale, J. H. Gordon, J.J. Gooden, A. M. Head, William Henderson, G. E.,M.A. Henderson, G.R. .. Henderson, w, D, .. Henderson, C. E. .. Hewett, E. J. Four Paths Hobson, R. H. Hayes Ulster Spring House, George St. Ann's Bay Chapelton Hutchins, T. C. Montego Bay Kingston (Calabar James, R. R. St. Margaret's Bay College) Johnson, T. S. May Pen Annotto Bay Jones, Edward Linstead Grange Hili Kendon, J.J. Linstead Dry Harbour Kingdon, John Falmouth Gayle Kirkham, A. G. Sav.-la-Mar Montego Bay (Salter's Marson, s. I. Santa Cruz Hill) Morris, s. C. Port Antonio Buff Bay Mowl, Edwin Linstead Lucea Meredith, A. W. Cave Valley Montego Bay O'Meally, Patrick .. Ulster Spring Falmouth Pearn, George Trinity Ville Bath Pratt,'W., M.A. + Kingston Oracabessa Schoburgh, P. F. Falmouth Four Paths Sibley, Charles Balaclava Stoney Hill Sibley, W. P. Manchioneal Moneague Steele, J.J. Rio Bueno Duncans Tate, İ. S. Grange Hill Montego Bay Thomas, S. W. Port Antonio Everton Tucker, Leonard, M.A. Calabar College, Milk River Kingston Cave Valley Tucker, W. A. Spanish Town Brown's Town Turner, George 1 Croft's Hill Falmouth Washington, S. J. .. Porus Oracabessa | Watson, A. P. Blue Mtn. Valley Spanish Town | Webb, W.M. Stewart Town Mount Carey, An Williams, Philip .. Bethel Town chovy P. O. : : : : : : : : PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH OF JAMAICA. THE Presbyterian Church of Jamaica is connected with the United Presbyterian Church of Scotland; its history in this Island dates from 1823. For particulars of its rise and progress reference may be made to issues of the Handbook previous to 1892. The Synod of the Church meets annually in Kingston or in one of the principal towns on the Northside of the island. It is presided over by a “Moderator" who is annually elected by the members of Synod. The Moderator for the year 1892-93 is the Rev. Geo. McNeil, Shooter's Hill P.O. The Clerk of Synod is the Rev. W.Y. Turner, M.D., Castleton. There are 5 Pres- byteries, 30 ordained Ministers, 53 congregations, 20 Catechists, 10,500 members, 65 Sabbath Schools and 83 Week Day Schools. Students are trained for the Ministry of the Church by the Revds. Geo. B. Alex. ander, M.A., and Robert Johnston, B.D., at Ebenezer, in the Parish of Manchester. The course of study is four years. The Mother Church in Scotland sends out new men from time to time to strengthen the ranks of the Ministry. The following list shows the Churches and Ministers in Jamaica, and in Grand Cayman :- #Tutor Calabar College. † President Calabar College. 356 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA, PRESBYTERIAN CHURCHES AND MINISTERS. Church. Minister. Post Office. Falmouth 29 Hampden THE NORTHERN | PRESBYTERY. Falmouth Stephen H. Wilson Bellevue John Smith Reid's Friendship Hampden James Ballantine Somerton Goodwill Mount Zion Q. R.'Noble Adam Thomson (Minister Montego Bay Emeritus) Thos. D. McNee Mount Horeb Robert Gordon Mount Hermon Little River Montego Bay Grange Hill THE WESTERN Friendship Stirling Little London Riverside Lucea Green Island Negril Brownsville Pondside PRESBYTERY. Vacant George S. Patterson John McDonald Wm, R. Thomson A. H. Hamilton J. F."Gartshore, M.A. Lucea Green" Island Lucea PRESBYTERY. Robert Johnstone, B.D. Cross Keye New Broughton Alligator Pond Grove Town Marley Hill Ebenezer Mount Olivet Baillieston Bryce Church Victoria Town G. B.'Alexander, M.A. George McNeil Spur Tree Shooter's Hill Vacant H. B. Wolcott Milk River Port Maria Pear Tree Grove THE NORTH-EASTERN PRESBYTERY. Port Maria Henry Scott Hampstead Lauriston Carron Hall S. McDowell Seafield Salem Eliot Vacant Goshen H. H. Hamilton Rose Hill Leonard Miller Brainerd I. N. 'D. Gordon Cedar Valley M. G. Mitchell (Minister Emeritus) Gayle Richmond Linstead Kingston THE SOUTH-EASTERN St. Andrew's Church St. John's Mt. Carmel Light-of-the-Valley Chapelton PRESBYTERY. James Cochrane S. R. Brathwaite Vacant Geo. Davidson Jas. Robertson (Minister Emeritus) Jas. D. Robertson W. N. Turner, M.D. Ewing's Caymanas Chesterfield Brandon Hill Camberwell Chapelton Spanish Town Castleton METHODIST CONNEXION. 35% THE LONDON MISSIONARY SOCIETY. The London Missionary Society commenced its operations in Jamaica in the year 1834. In connection with the Union in this island there are 15 Churches and a number of outstations and cottage meeting houses. The principal preaching places are stated below. There are nine fully accredited Pastors, nine Catechists, 3,163 Church mem- bers and 521 candidates and inquirers. The Sabbath School Teachers number 223 and the average attendance of Sabbath School scholars is 2,025 There are 31 Day Schools in connection with the Society, with an average attendance of 1,734 scholars, -the number registered being 3,005. The following Table gives particulars as to the names and stations of the Ministers, and the attendance at Chapels and Sunday Schools. LONDON MISSIONARY SOCIETY'S STATIONS. Accommo- Average attendance Average Sunday Attendance. Schools. Station. dation in Chapel. Minister's Name. 600 400 222 Horace Peckover 100 1,000 135 I SJames Watson 85 60 1,000 200 35 600 120 200 360 ISC. A. Wookey 100 80 200 100 Kingston Shortwood Rosedale Whitefield Mount Airey Richmond Park Spring Grove Ridgemount New Green Broad Leaf Royal Flat Richmond Heart's-Ease Lewiston Davyton Blue Mountain Four Paths Brixton Hill Rock Content Chapelton Bread-Nut Bottom Taremont Zion Rutlands Tabernacle Wilbury First Hill Dry Harbour Claremont 28 :::::::::888::88893 1}C. A. Wookey {J.J. K. Fletcher 400 150 500 450 110 250 230 160 I SG. H. Lea 500 1 Alex. Eastwood 250 150 600 450 200 150 450 500 200 300 130 400 400 100 100 110 120 ILA. P. Thomas J. A. Richards {W.C. Harty. 56 100 Total 9,300 5,215 / 2,025 THE WEST INDIAN METHODIST CONNEXION IN JAMAICA. The West Indian Methodist Connexion in Jamaica results from labours of the Wesleyan Methodist Missionary Society. Its history in Jamaica dates from 1789. After Emancipation there was a rapid spread of the Society's work in the island and then came a period of depression running side by side with the unfavourable con- dition of the commerce and agriculture of the country. But whilst declensions in numbers took place, and Chapels and Schools ceased to be built and some of them fell into partial decay, being frail structures that had been hurriedly erected to meet the pressing demands of the times, there is evidence that vital godliness had not passed away from the Churches formed by the Society, and also that piety was not only deeper but rising in intelligence. Features of domestic life and social manners, which are the legitimate outcome of Christian influence, now exist that certify to the fruitful- 358 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. - ness of past labours and encouraged to future enterprise. Since 1870 there have been a steady rise and development in all departments of the Society's Church work in the country and the last report (1891) gives 23,073 full and accredited members ; 1,872 probationers, and 14,951 Sabbath scholars; one hundred and thirty-three Chapels and ninety-nine other preaching places. 1. Chapels. There are one hundred and thirty-three Wesleyan Methodist Chapels in the Island. The best are those in Kingston, namely, Coke Chapel and Wesley Chapel. Besides these there is a third well-built Chapel in the city called Ebene- zer, that will accommodate eight hundred persons. In the towns of St. Ann's Bay, Falmouth, Montego Bay, Morant Bay, Port Antonio, Buff Bay, Port Morant, Brown's Town, Stewart Town and Sav..la-Mar, there are also good Chapels. In the com- try districts the Chapels at Bath, Moneague, Williamsfield, Bluefields, Ramble, Upper Hopewell in Hanover, Duanvale, Dry Harbour Mountains, Epworth, Oracabessa, Hampstead, and Lionel Town, are very neat and substantial structures which do credit to the country as well as the denomination. Shortly after Emancipation the very commendable eagerness to overtake the religious needs of the times gave rise, as already intimated, to many poor and unenduring structures for Chapels, and within recent years much money and energy have gone to increase the number of Chapels and to replace the old and frail ones. These later buildings are altogether an advance in durability and symmetry on the old structures. The following is a list of the principal recent erections : St. Andrew- St. Ann, contd, Westmoreland- Providence St. Ann's Bay Savanna-la-Mar Somerset Hoolebury Mearnsville Stony Hill Alderton Little London Unity Bensonton Sheffield, Dallas Moneague St. Elizabeth- Sans Souci. Whitehouse Ginger Hill St. Thomas- Retirement Mulgrave. Rocky Point Mount Zion, Seaforth Manchester- Trelawny- Morant Bay Wesley Mount Fraserville Port Morant Mandeville Ulster Spring Fair Prospect. Frankfield Duncans St. Mary- Porus. Stewart Town. Oracabessa Clarendon- Hampstead St. James- Mount Hume Annotto Bay Lethe Lionel Town. Buff Bay. Mount Reece St. Catherine- St. Ann- Maroon Town, Gratefull Hill Edmondson Hanover- Sargeantville Brown's Town Bethel Red Hills Epworth River Side. Mount Rosser. Of these fifty-one Chapels, the work of the recent years, forty-four are of stone, in style more or less of the Gothic. Nineteen of them represent extensions, being on new ground; the remaining thirty-two are buildings in place of old ones. Their average sittings are from three hundred to a thousand, and, in addition to these, there have been enlargements and improvements on almost all the other Chapels of the Connexion in the island. These results have all been independent of foreign aid. The sum of £120,000 is the estimate of the value of the Wesleyan Chapel property in Jamaica. The sittings provided are forty-seven thousand. Further to assist in meeting the religious needs of the population there are numerous places in out-lying dis- tricts where the Ministers preach but which are not returned as Chapels, nor do the worshippers in these places appear in the returns. On the Census Sabbath of 1881 there were present at the morning services in one hundred Chapels in the island twenty-four thousand worshippers, giving an average of two hundred and forty persons to each congregation in the island for that day. The evening service is in some places better attended than the morn- ing, and as a rule the congregation is almost entirely composed of persons other than those assembled at morning service. METHODIST CONNEXION. 359 2. Ministers' Houses.-In the settlement and consolidation of the work of the Church, the purchase or building of residences for the Ministers has been part of the plan of the Society. There are twenty-eight such residences, with considerable acreage in the aggregate. These are nearly all of them pleasantly situated, and several of them carry the singular history of having been properties owned formerly by persons totally opposed to Methodist evangelistic work. Thirty-two thousand pounds is the estimated value of these dwellings. 3. School Buildings are attached to most of the stations, as are also Teachers' resi- dences. Some of these Schools and Teachers' houses have been erected under the stimulus of Government aid ; but for every £20 grant, the local efforts have been good for £60, and the property in school work cannot be short of £25,000, to which £10,000 should be added for capital invested in the effort to provide higher education for boys at York Castle, St. Ann, and for girls at Barbican, near Kingston. All property belonging to the Wesleyan Methodist Society in Jamaica is settled on Trustees, according to what is known as the “model deed”-a form of trust devised by Mr. Wesley himself and duly legalized by Act of Parliament. Previous to 1868 the trust properties of the Society carried a considerable burden of debt. The Parent Society dealt with the difficulty in a liberal spirit and a grant of some £9,000 followed by local efforts amounting to between £5,000 and £6,000, entirely freed the connexional properties from debt, and liberated the energies of the people to undertake the extensive Chapel and School buildings already enumerated. At the present time no debt is allowed to be incurred except it may be in works of progress, and all such obligations have to show a manageable proportion to the en- terprise and its resources. The damage to the Society's property by the Cyclone of 1880 is given at £8,000; this may be correct if we take the value of the buildings at the time of the destruc- tion, but it will require much beyond that sum to replace the destroyed buildings. THANKSGIVING FUND. In the strengthening of the work of the Mission, it was proposed in 1880 to raise a Thanksgiving Fund whose objects should be : 1, to aid in establishing the High School for girls ; 2, to promote the erection of Teachers' Cottages where required ; 3, a Sunday School and Book Depôt; 4, to strengthen the Jamaica Chapel Fund which assists the erection of new Chapels in destitute districts and renders help in cases of calamity to Chapel buildings. The proposal, heartily supported as it was, fell short of anticipations because of the Cyclone calamity in August of the same year. It yielded a gross sum of £702 11s. 9d., which was divided among the several objects of the Fund. EDUCATIONAL. 1. Day Schools.-The first of these was reported in 1834, as has already been men- tioned, with ninety-five scholars. Immediately after a vigorous effort was made to contribute to the education of the population, then looking forward to the event of entire Emancipation. The Parent Society spent over £2,000 annually in the matter for some years. They appointed the Rev. J. H. Bewley for the inspection of the Schools, and upon his death H. Armstrong, Esquire, entered on the duty, and after him the late Rev. Jonathan Edmondson became Superintendent of Schools, and twice a year visited each School with marked advantage to the work, as is evidenced by the high percentage of youths from these Schools who successfully competed for the vacancies in the training institutions. The late House of Assembly aided the efforts of the body by a subsidy of £210 per annum, while the Society's grant was £1,200. As to the result of education on the masses of the population that may be taken to have come under the influence of the Society's educational effort the following is given: “ By the Dissenter's Marriage Law, 1840, forms had to be signed by the parties married and by the witnesses to the marriage : originals of these registers are carefully preserved at the stations and the duplicates sent to the Record Office. We take the first seventeen marriages in 1840 from one of the Kingston registers, and only three of thirty-four signatures were given by the parties married, and they were painful efforts, those same three signatures. Of the same number of marriages in 1881 at the same station twenty-one signatures are given and they are not by any 360 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. means painful efforts. Moreover, these marriages in 1881 are among people in the same grade of life as those in 1840, judging by the entries under calling. Further, if we study the effect under the head of signature of witnesses the result is even more remarkable. The Law of 1840 required that the witnesses should sign, and it is simply amusing to notice the contrivances to secure witnesses who could write. Cer- tain persons evidently did duty on those occasions almost as statedly as the mar- riage officer. In 1881 there is no occurrence of the same names ; each marriage easily finds its own witnesses among the friends of the bride and bridegroom. These registers in the rural districts are a revelation and a testimony." II-HIGHER EDUCATION. 1. York Castle for boys was commenced in 1876 under Dr. Kessen and has pros- pered, notwithstanding the trials incident to the infancy of such enterprises. It offers a liberal education in the mathematical and classical courses. Mr. Thomas Halliday, whose higher education was begun in this School, successfully competed for the first Jamaica Scholarship of £200 for three years, and since then this prize has been won by five others entirely educated in the School. There is a Theological Hall forming part of the Establishment, where accepted Candidates for the Ministry may secure certain important advantages. 2. Barbican High School for girls, situated four miles from Kingston on the higher Liguanea. The Cyclone of 1880 completely destroyed the all-but-finished building for the School. In February of 1881 the enterpize was resumed and on the 29th of Sep- tember the duties of the School were entered upon. The course of instruction com- prises all the branches of a thorough English education. The present Establishment will accommodate comfortably forty boarders, besides day pupils. In 1890 these two Schools had a total of 136 pupils under instruction. THE CONFERENCE. In 1881 the financial administration of the district dealt with the sum of £20,000 from all sources for all purposes. The Mission was then in relation to the Parent Body, but for some years before that Body had been increasing the local responsibilities in many ways. So far the experiment of increased responsibility had served to develop unlooked-for energies and forces, and the prominent members of the Body, Laymen and Ministers, became thoughtful about the future of their Church in Jamaica, The determination of the Parent Society in 1884 to grant to the Societies in Jamaica and the other West Indian Colonies their full status, on the lines of the then recent changes in the British Conference, was therefore received with general satisfaction. Accord- ing to the new system the Societies in the West Indies are arranged into two Con- ferences, carrying the responsibilities of self-government according to the laws, usages and discipline of Wesleyan Methodism, under the designation of Wesleyan Methodist Church, West Indies. The two Conferences are severally designated (1) the Western Annual Conference; (2) the Eastern Annual Conference; and they are to assemble once in three years in a General Conference. Jamaica with Turks Island, Haiti, and Santo Domingo, constitute the Western Annual Conference, which numbers 23,073 full and accredited members and 45 Mi- nisters and Preachers on trial. It is officered by the Rev. George Sargeant, President; Rev. W. Clarke Murray, Vice-President; Rev. John Duff, Secretary. The first meeting was held in Kingston in February, 1885. The Conference is divided into five districts thus : Jamaica, No. I., Kingston ; No. II., Montego Bay; No. III., St. Ann; No. IV., Morant Bay; No. V., Haiti and Santo Domingo. The Chairmen of Districts are Rev. T. M. Geddes, Rev. R. M. Parnther, Rev. W. C. Murray, Rev. E. J. Southall, and the Rev. T. R. Picott. GENERAL From 1832 to 1865 the Rev. Jonathan Edmondson presided over the affairs of the Mission with great fidelity and discretion. From 1869 to 1871, and again from 1874 to 1880, the Rev. George Sargeant was in charge. His administration was liberal, progressive and confident of the country's future and the Wesleyan Church in it. A newspaper, “The Methodist Messenger," issued monthly under the editorship of the Rev. John Duff, now exists under the auspices of the Connexion in the island with a circulation of 600 copies. METHODIST CONNEXION. 361 136 A book depôt for the sale of healthy and helpful literature is established at No. 18 Church Street, Kingston. It is the property of the Connexion and the Rev. T. M. Geddes is Book Steward. STATISTICS, 1891, FOR THE WESTERN CONFERENCE, JAMAICA. Chapels 133 | Attendant on public worship 75,000 Preaching Places 99 Sabbath Schools Ministers 45 Sabbath Scholars 14,951 Lay Preachers. 258 | Day Schools 133 Members 23,073 | Pupils 12,221 Probationers 1,872 Value of Connexional property • £200,000 The postal addresses of the Wesleyan Ministers in Jamaica are :- Rev. W. C. Murray, Vice-President, Gover- 1 Rev. W. H. Bleby, Governor Barbican High nor York Castle High School, York School for Girls, Kingston, Castle P.O. Rev. W. Griffin, St. Ann's Bay. Rev. T. M. Geddes, Book Steward, Kingston. Rev. C. Reynolds, Retreat, Rev. E, J. Southall, Education Secretary, Rev. S. Spratt, Lucea. Port Antonio. Rev. W. H. Atkin, Falmouth. Rev. T. W. Peeling, Bath. Rev. F. A. Lightborne, Sav.-la-Mar, Rev. John McIntosh, Montego Bay. Rev. J. Grant, Brown's Town. Rev. T. P. Russell, Kingston. Rev. A. W. Geddes, Panama, U.S.C. Rev. G. Lockett, Mandeville. Rev. T. R. Picot, Cape Haiti, Haiti, Rev. A. H. Aguilar, Black River. Rev. W. 8. Smith, Port-au-Prince, Haiti. Rev. J. Duff, Secretary of the Conference Rev. E. Mair, Les Cayes. Claremont. Rev. J. James, Samana, St. Domingo. Rev. H. T. Page, Port Morant. Rev. H. O. Quinlan, Yallahs. Rev. W. J. Williams, Kingston. Rev. G. H. B. Hay, Kingston. Rev. F. O. Miller, Ramble. Rev. G. Swithenbank, Mandeville. Rev. S. Sutton, Spanish Town, Rev. A. J. Andrews, Chapelton. Rev. J. C. Smith, Retreat. Rev. George S. Lamb, Black River, Rev. A. M, Smith, Moneague. Rev. W. Melville, May Pen, Rev. J. O. Mann, Kingston, Rev. W. Baillee, Manchioneal. Rev. C. Wallace, Buff Bay. Rev. N. Baquie, Hampstead. Rev. C. G. Hardwick, Ulster Spring. Rev. R. M. Parnther, Duncans. Rev. W.J, Maund, Linstead. Rev. S. L. Lindo, Moneague. Rev. II. G. Clerk, Puerto Plata. Rev. S. T. Brown, Chapel Secretary, Cave Rev. C. M. Clarke, Panama. Valley. Rev. A. L. Johnson, Montego Bay. Rev. M. Barker, Morant Bay. Rev. T. A. Glasspole, Sav.-la-Mar. Rev. George A. Ashley, Glengoffe. | Rev. R. Hughes, Turks Island. FOREIGN MISSION. The Methodist Connexion in Jamaica has commenced the work of a Foreign Mis- sion, having sent down to the Isthmus of Panama its first Missionary, whose mission is to the Spanish-speaking population as well as to the English-speaking people on the Isthmus. The Rev. A. W. Geddes is the Missionary and his address is Box 205 Panama, U.S.C. An Assistant Missionary, the Rev. O. M. Clarke, was appointed in 1892. THE GENERAL CONFERENCE IN THE WEST INDIES. The organization of the Conferences was completed in 1885, when the first General Conference assembled in Bridgetown, Barbados. The Second Session of the General Conference was opened in Kingston, Jamaica, on the 20th March, 1888, and the Third in Bridgetown, Barbados, on the 16th March, 1891. The gathering of Ministers from all parts of the West Indies attract. ed much attention and brought to the community the opportunity of hearing seve- ral preachers of great ability. The Rev. George Sargeant is President, and the Rev. A. Taylor, Secretary of the General Conference. 362 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. STATISTICS-GENERAL CONFERENCE, 1885. No. of Chapels. Preaching places. Ministers. Local Preachers. Catechists. Junior Members. Exhorters. Higher Education Church Members. Day Scholars. Sabbath Scholars. On trial. Teachers. Teachers. 112 o 82 I. Western Annual Con. 2,016 1,121 20,295 9,111 110 11,481 1,118 1 High School, Boys II. Eastern Annual Con. 145 61 55 i 2011 o 1 860 686 23,095 12,829 181| 12,940 1,292 1 High School, Girls Total 257) 151) 90 | 3 ) 382) 99 / 2,876 1,807 43,390 21,940 291 24,421 2,4102 STATISTICS-GENERAL CONFERENCE, 1888. Wentern. I. Western Annual Con. 120 92 40 - Sub 11. Eastern Annual Con. 147 82 47 | 3 239 100 3,608 1,218 20,700 9,959 119 13,447 1,175 (1 High School- Boys. li High School- Girls. 141 2,397 869 23,801 14,469 298 16,076 1,439 | High School- 1 1 1 1 1 Boys. 4681 241 6,005 2,087 44,501 24,428 317 29,523 2,614 3 861 142 3,129 280 1,111 2,488 26 5,102 204 1 Total - 267 267) 174 87 3 Increase Decrease - 10 I. Western Annual Con. 129 STATISTICS-GENERAL CONFERENCE, 1891. 98 45 5 237 1845,252 1,597 22,999 1,221 128 14,577 1,310 (1 High School, Boys 94 11 High School, Girls 41 68 665 221 153 3,004 979 24,744 16,695 275 16,233 1,446 11 High School, Bogs S5 1 High School, Girls II. Eastern Annual Con. 150 48 Total Increase Decrease -279 166 101 10 458 337 8,256 2,576 47,743 28,916' 403 30,810 2,7564 - 12 - 14 71 96 2,251 489 3,242 3,448 86 1,287 142 1 - UNITED METHODIST FREE CHURCHES. THE United Methodist Free Churches were formed in 1857 by the union in Eng- land of two previously existing bodies-the Wesleyan Methodist Association, dating from 1835, and the Wesleyan Reformers, dating from 1849—both of wisich Bodies were secessions from the Wesleyan Methodist Societies, that had originated in what were regarded as high-handed proceedings on the part of Conference, the former in forcing a Ministerial Training Institution on the Connexion before the circum- stances were ripe for it; the latter in expelling from the Connexion three Ministers who, without any legal evidence, were convicted by Conference of issuing certain anonymous publications, called the “ Fly Sheets,” calling attention to certain grafe abuses and demanding “Reform.” The “people called Methodists” sympathized 80 largely with the authors of the “Fly Sheets," and with those who, without satisfac- tory evidence, were punished as the authors of the “Fly Sheets,” that the disruption occasioned by these proceedings cost the Wesleyans the loss of nearly 100,000 mem- bers, some of whom joined other Churches, and about 30,000 of whom found the Association called “Wesleyan Reformers.” They have now a membership of over 76,000, of whom over 10,000 are on the Foreign Mission Stations. The Mission in Jamaica dates from 1836, and at present consists of nine circuits comprising thirty-nine stations under nine Ministers. The membership in the island numbers 3,527 communicants and 371 probationers. The amount raised in 1891 for ministerial support, educational purposes, Chapel and Day School building, &c., was about £2,000. A sum of £1,209 was also contributed by the Home Committee in CHRISTIAN CHURCH. 363 234 aid of the foregoing objects. At most of the stations a day school is maintained in a fair state of efficiency. Each Church in the denomination conducts its internal affairs through its local Courts without interference from any central authority. Con- nexional matters are under the control of a General District Meeting composed of the Ministers and the freely elected Delegates of the Churches. About three-fourths of the members of this meeting are Laymen. The following is a list of Ministers and their Stations for the year 1892 :- Stations. Members. Ministers. Post Office. Kingston 8nd Ewarton 393 Rev. W. Griffith Kingston. also Rev. T. Rogers (Supernumerary) Stony Hill (St. Andrew) Rev. W. Griffith (in Kingston. Cavaliers Mount Prospect charge) Gordon Town (St. Andrew) Constitution Hill 342 Rev. James Roberts | Gordon Town, Maryland (Chairman) Content Mizpah (St. Catherine, Above | Rocks District) Allman Hill Liberty Hall 526 Rev. D. B. Douse Glengoffe. Bethnel, Belmount (St. An- drew) Mount Regale (St. Mary's) Lewisburg Rock River 651 Rev.R. H.McLaughlin Richmond, Job's Hill (Assistant Secretary) Richmond Enfield (St. Mary's) Pontefract 201 Rev. C. M. Anderson | Annotto Bay. Devon Brown's Hall (St. Catherine, St. John's District) Doddington Old Works 378 Rev.James Proudfoot Old Harbour, Mount Pleasant (Secretary) Kentish Pinnockville St. Ann's (Clare. mont) Walker's Wood 307 Brittonville Rev. G. Atkinson Claremont, Rev. J. K. Philips Beecher Town Do. Golden Grove Rev. John Myers 303 Clarendon (Ebenezer) St. Mark's Unity Boca del Toro (U.S. Colombia) í Old Bank Boca del Drago 192 Rev. Jas. Proudfoot Old Harbour (in charge) Rev. R. James Boca del Toro, U.S. Mr. T. F. C. Burton Colombia, (paid agent) THE CHRISTIAN CHURCH. “The Christian Church” or “ The Church of the Disciples of Christ,” represents in Jamaica a religious movement which was commenced in America in the year 1809. The originator of this movement was Alexander Campbell, who, deploring the division of the Church of Christ into its many sections, earnestly advocated the necessity and possibility of organized “Christian Union by a return to the simple religion of Jesus as He gave it to the world at the beginning-its faith in its purity Lits practice without change." In the first manifesto issued in advocacy of this movement its leaders said : “We do sincerely declare that there is nothing we have hitherto received as matter of faith and practice which is not expressly taught and enjoined in the word of God, either in expressed terms or approved precedent, that Y 2 364 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. we would not heartily relinquish that so we might return to the original constitu- tional unity of the Christian Church and in this happy unity enjoy full communion with all our brethren in peace and charity. * * * Nothing ought to be required as a term of union, communion and co-operation that is not as old as the New Testa. ment.” The sentiment thus introduced rapidly spread and Churches were formed, which have continued to increase, till now their membership gives them the fifth place amongst the Religious Bodies in the United States. At the present time they number about 6,000 Congregations, 4,500 Ministers, and 800,000 members. They have 50 Missionaries in the foreign field, and they sustain 42 Colleges. The work in Jamaica was begun in the year 1858 by the Rev. J. 0. Beardslee, under the auspices of the American Christian Missionary Society. He established a Church in Kingston and opened several Mission Stations in the mountain districts, but after the departure of Mr. Beardslee from the island the work was suspended for several years. In 1874 the Christian Women Board of Mission was formed in Indianapolis, Indiana, by a few Christian women who felt a desire to take a definite share in the work of spreading the Gospel and the upbuilding of Christian Churches on New Testament principles. Their enquiries brought to their knowledge the work that had been done and abandoned in Jamaica, and they felt called upon to make the resuscitation and extension of this work their first enterprise. Their efforts have since been extended to Montana and other places in the West, also to India, Japan, and other fields. A history of this mission on the island has been given in former editions of this work. At the present time the mission comprehends eighteen Churches, grouped into five Districts, and forming “ The Jamaica Christian Missionary Association," the objects of which are “the upbuilding of the Churches of Christ connected with it; the spread of the Gospel in this and other lands; and the promotion of Scrip- tural union among all those who love the Lord Jesus Christ.” The government of each Church is congregational. The affairs of the Association are managed by an Executive Board, consisting of the Ministers in charge of Churches, and two members elected at the Annual Convention. The general control of the mission is with the Christian Women Board of Missions who chiefly support the Agents they employ. Their General Superintendent is C. E. Randall, Kingston. The following are the latest returns of the Jamaica Missionary Association :- President and Treasurer, C. E. Randall. Secretary, J. C. Smith. Church. Ministers. Postal Address. Sunday Day No. of School School Scho. bers. lars. lars. Mem 110 130 C. E. Randall Kingston A. MC Hardy : : J. C. Smïth, B.a.: Bull Bry Kingston King's Gate Mount Zion Carmel Mount Olivet New Bethel Bloxburgh Bushy Park Providence Chesterfield Flint River Bethel Oberlin Mamby Vale Lucky Hill Manping's Hill Berea Fairy Hill 158 M. A. Collins, B.A. | Kingston H. Morris Richmond J. H. Versey Stony Řill ?? 160 93 H, L. Gow J. Thompson Buff Bay Halfway-Tree : 50 Superannuated MORAVIAN CHURCH, 365 MORAVIAN CHURCH. THE Protestant Episcopal Church of the Unitas Fratrum, or United Brethren (commonly called Moravians), commenced its labors in Jamaica as far back as 1754, in which year the Rev. Zacharias Caries and two others settled on the Bogue Estate in the N. E. corner of St. Elizabeth. Several other stations were begun and nursed with persistent patience; but the existence of slavery and the opposition to their labors arising out of it proved an effectual barrier to the enlargement of their work. In the face of great dfficulties they and their successors held on to their undertak- ing for 84 years, until the emancipation of the slaves in the year 1838 left them at liberty to extend their borders. At the present time the Brethren have in Jainaica 20 principal stations, besides out-stations. These are at the western end of the island, principally in Manchester, St. Elizabeth and Westmoreland. The number of communicants in Jamaica at the close of 1891 was 6,429, with a total membership of 17,003. The number of Sunday Scholars was 2,445 adults and 3,083 juvenile. There were 77 Day Schools in connection with the Church, attended by 3,710 boys and 3,601 girls taught by 49 males and 27 female teachers. The re- ceipts from all sources were £6,004. The Church maintains two voluntary Training Colleges, one for males at Fair- field, the other for females at Bethlehem. The Fairfield Training College, of which the Rev. P. A. Herman-Smith is Director, Mr. Lewison and Mr. Lawson, re- spectively first and second Masters, was begun in 1839 under the Rev. Mr. Holland, and has since that time been successfully carried on. At the last Government Examination of the 19 students present 17 passed. The results of the examination held in December, 1891, are not yet in hand. The Female Training College of which the Rev. S. Negus is Director and Miss Klesel and Miss Roberts, respectively first and second Mistress, was begun in 1861, at Bethabara and was for many years the only institution for training female teachers in the island. Owing to various circumstances it was removed to Salem, tempo- rarily, during the year 1888 ; but has now been transferred to new and commodious buildings at Bethlehem in the Santa Cruz Mountains. The result of the Govern- ment Examination of last year's work in this College was satisfactory. The Church in Jamaica is governed by the Conference which meets, as a rule, but once a year. The General Mission Board of the Church has, however, in some mat- ters a final voice. The Church is directed, between Conferences, by its executive, the Western Provincial Conference, the members of which are- The Right Rev. G. H. Hanna, Chairman. Rev. H. Walder, Treasurer Rev. F. P. Wilde, Secretary. The official organ of the Church in Jamaica is the “ Jamaica Moravian,” an eight page magazine, published monthly, of which the Rev.F.P. Wilde is the acting editor, The circulation last year was over 1,000 copies. The following is a list of the Clergy, and the Churches served by them :- Parish Name of Clergyman, Name of Church. Postal Office Address, Total Adults in Con- nection, Manchester 478 558 173 722 Frank P. Wilde Bethabara Jonathan Reinke Bethany Archibald Clarke Broadleaf Geo. H. Hanna (Bishop) Fairfield Henry Walder Mizpah William Fuerstenberg Daniel Richards, Asst. Moravia Chas. P. Watson Patrick Town P, A, Herman-Smith Director of Male College Newport Mile Gully Porus Spur Tree Shooter's Hill Medina Christiana Newport Spur Tree Na eth 445 427 260 241 366 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA, MORAVIAN CLERGY, continued. Parish. Name of Clergyman. Name of Church, Postal Office Address. Total Adulte in Con. nection. St. Elizabeth. William Reid, Asst. Samuel Negus C.S. Smyth William Morris Richard Meek Richard Gale J. Ernest Harvey Peter Larsen H. Cambridge, Asst. Westmoreland s. Clayton Ashton Augustus Westphal St. James Solomon Harriott Aberdeen Bethlehem Carrisbrook Dober Eden Fulneck Lititz Springfield Newton Beaufort Carmel Salem Irwin Hill Siloah Malvern Middle Quarters Black River Balaclava Middle Quarters Watson Hill Newmarket Lacovia Darliston Newmarket Bluefields Montego Bay 73 411 201 246 529 7115 GOT 741 864 9,135 A, B. Lind R. Campbell J. J. Seiler F. J. T. Ilgner E. E. Reinke >Emeritus Spur Tree Black River Newport Newport Spur Tree JEWISH CONGREGATIONS. The Spanish and Portuguese Synagogue, situated in Princess Street, was, with all the Scrolls of the Law, massive silver bells and silver vessels, entirely consumed in the fire of December, 1882. The English and German Synagogue in Orange Street was also destroyed on the same occasion but the walls were left standing and the para- phernalia were saved. The larger part of these Congregations united themselves under the designation of the Amalgamated Congregation of Israelites and raised funds for the building of a Synagogue in the upper part of Duke Street, the site being purchased for £800. The foundation stone was laid in August, 1885, and a handsome brick building was erected, which was consecrated on the evening of the 19th of July, 1888. On the recom- mendation of the Chief Rabbi of the British Empire the Congregation appointed the Rev. S. Jacobs, formerly of Aria College and Minister of the Newcastle-on-Tyne Congregation, as their Minister. The portion of the Congregation of the Spanish and Portuguese Synagogue who have not joined the “ Amalgamated Israelites" have erected a small but exceedingly neat Synagogue in East Street where service is regularly conducted by a Lay Reader. The building was erected through the zeal and devotion of the late Mr. David Martin, to whose memory it forms a fitting memorial. THE PARISHES. 367 PART X. THE PARISHES. KINGSTON: Topography.-Kingston is the capital of the Island of Jamaica and is the largest and most important commercial town in the British West Indies. It covers, with its suburbs, an area of about 1,080 acres, and is beautifully situated on regularly sloping ground on the northern shores of the harbour bearing its name. The streets, at right angles to the sea, were originally laid out by compass north and south; those parallel to the general run of the shore line, east and west; but, in consequence of the variation of the compass, the north and south streets now have a bearing of north two degrees east, and the east and west streets bear north-west and south-east eighty-eight degrees; it will, therefore, be seen that these streets are at right angles with each other. The land on which Kingston stands has a general slope to the sea of about 90 feet per mile, or about one in 581 feet, and must originally have had a uni. form smooth surface, but in consequence of former neglect, in permitting flood waters to flow down the north and south streets, they are now so worn as to be much below the general level; the uniform surface has, therefore, been de- stroyed. In consequence of this depression of the north and south streets, the east and west streets now furnish an irregular section at their intersections. King Street, running north and south, was originally the centre of the town and laid out at 66 feet wide ; Queen Street, also 66 feet wide, was the centre running east and west, but, in consequence of the town having been extended northerly and easterly, these streets do not now form the centres of the town. At the intersections of King and Queen Streets a plaza or parade ground was reserved, forming a square of ten acres in the centre of the town. This was formerly used as a market place and parade ground for the troops and militia. but this central portion is now enclosed and converted by the Government into a garden and arboretum, which adds much to the appearance of the town and to the comfort and enjoyment of the inhabitants. The soil is a gravel bed formed by the detritus of centuries, produced by the Hope River and other smaller streams from the Liguanea Mountains. It may here be mentioned that the ancient course of the Hope River (which now discharges at the back of the Long Mountain, six miles to the east of Kingston) is distinctly traceable through Papine and Mona and near the Hope Road and down to the sea about a mile-and-a-half to the east of Kingston. On account of the gravelly nature of the soil on which Kingston stands surplus water readily sinks and finds its way to the sea; it, therefore, has little opportunity of creating malaria, and, consequently, Kingston is one of the healthiest seaport towns in the West Indies. Kingston was originally supplied with water by wells, most of which, in con- sequence of the gravelly nature of the soil, had to reach the sea level before water was obtained. About the year 1848 a private Company brought down water from the Hope River for the supply of the city. A few years ago the Government purchased the entire plant from the Company and have very much improved the supply, not only by building reservoirs and filter beds and fur. nishing a larger quantity of water, but by extending the supply to districts formerly destitute of water. The pressure in the lower part of the town is sufficient, in cases of fire, to throw the water to the top of the highest houses. Kingston must, therefore, be said to be well supplied with water. A further 368 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA, supply of water has recently been obtained from the Wag Water; a river which flows to the northside of the island. This water has, therefore, been brought by a tunnel, of ancient construction, through the main ridge of the island. The rights of Constant Spring and Temple Hall Estates to this water have been purchased by the Government. This further supply of water has so augmented the delivery that the numerous suburbs of King- ston and the pens of St. Andrew have now a most satisfactory supply of water. In very dry seasons the Hope River sometimes partially failed, but as the Wag Water never fails, it is reasonably believed that Kingston will never again suffer from want of water. KINGSTON: History.The site of Kingston was not the first chosen by the English for the commercial capital of the island. Port Royal flourished as such until 1692 in which year occurred the great earthquake which destroyed that place and caused the death of 3,000 of its inhabitants. That dealt it a fearful blow. Many people remained there but most of the survivors removed to the lower part of Ligua- nea in St. Andrew, then the property of Sir William Beeston, afterwards Lieutenant Governor of the island. They procured for their settlement the status of a town, a plan for which was drawn up by a Colonel Christian Lilly, under the direction of the Government, the name selected being “Kingston." There was not at first much pro- gress in its settlement, the recollection of the former wealth and greatness of Port Royal giving the colonists a continued preference for that place; but the fire of 1703 completely destroyed the favourite town, and the disheartened inhabitants went in large numbers to Kingston, which the Assembly caused to be divided into lots and given to those who had lost their houses. A law was also passed directing the slave owners in the Parish of St. Andrew to send one out of every twenty of their slaves to build temporary huts for the refugees, and, as an encouragement for the early settle- ment of the new town, every house built within the year (1703) was exempted from taxes for seven years. Soon after this another law was passed declaring Kingston to be “the chief seat of trade and head port of entry” of the island. From this time the prosperity of the town was assured, and in the year 1713 it was declared by law that the place should “for ever be taken and esteemed as an entire and distinct parish, with all the powers of any other parish,” and, further, that it should “have the right of sending three Representatives to the Assembly." So rapidly had the town grown that in 1716 it was thus described by an historian of the time :--- “ Within the harbour and about six miles from the town of Port Royal lies the town of Kingston, first laid out and partially settled after the great earthquake. On the fire at Port Royal in the year 1703 thither resorted the most considerable traders and trading sort of people, and it is now become greatly increased in houses, stores, wharves and other conveniences for trade and business, so that it is by much the largest town in the island; and if the island shall increase in people and new settle- ments (the consequences of trade and riches) it is likely to be much the fairest town in all the Indies for 'tis most commodiously laid out, happily and beautifully situated, has many spacious houses in it, and more are daily building, is the residence of the greatest merchants and traders, and has resorting to it most of the ships or vessels that come to the island, and in it is managed the greatest part of the trade of Jamaica." For nearly half a century the town continued to grow in size and opulence, and so important had it become in 1755 that the attempt was then made to constitute it the seat of government. Governor Knowles twice proposed and the Assembly twice re- jected a bill for that purpose, but at length the Assembly gave way and a law was passed giving effect to the arrangement. Soon after the public archives were removed to Kingston and the superior courts were established there. But the change was un- popular throughout the island and numerous petitions against it were sent to the King. On the 3rd October, 1758, the disallowance of the law was proclaimed and the records were returned to Spanish Town, escorted by “a considerable body of mili- tary.” In 1780 the town was severely stricken by a great fire which broke out at about 2 o'clock in the morning of the 16th May and continued until the following evening. THE PARISHES, 369 The large and closely built portion of the town lying between King and Orange streets was burnt down, the destruction of property being estimated at £30,000. But the town soon recovered from the effects of the conflagration and prospered to such an extent that in 1802 it was granted a Corporation under the style of “ The Mayor, Aldermen and Common Council of the City and Parish of Kingston.” The Court of Common Council was given a seal and empowered to make and ordain by- laws, ordinances and regulations for the good order of the city, not repugnant to pre- rogative or to the laws of the island. The following is a description of the city seal : On one side the island arms, crest supporters and mottoes. Legend. Sigil Commune Civit: Kingston in Jamaica (sic). Reverse, Britannia, in the dress of Minerva, holding the trident in one hand, and in the other a mirror, reflecting the rays of the benign influence of Heaven on the produce of the island; behind her the British Lion, supporting her shield, a conch shell at her feet, and at a distance a ship under sail. Legend, Hos fovet, hos curat, servatque, Britannia Mater. In 1843 another great fire devastated a large portion of the city: it began shortly before 10 a.m. on the 26th of Angust in a foundry situated at the east end of Har- bour Street, and extended diagonally across the city until it reached the old Roman Catholic Chapel at the corner of Duke Street. Many of the best dwellings and much valuable property were consumed and a large number of persons were left in utter des- titution. The sum of £10,149 16s. 2d. was distributed among the sufferers, of which £5,000 was voted by the House of Assembly, At this period a great deal of the foreign trade of Kingston had disappeared in consequence of the establishing of direct steam communication between the European and Spanish American States; still Kingston continued an important centre of commerce. In March, 1862, another great fire occurred by which the commercial division of the city was devastated. Nineteen of the principal fancy and other stores in Har- bour and Port Royal Streets, three wharves, and the extensive and well-built three storied house in which the Commercial Hotel was kept, were burnt down at a loss of £30,000. The value of the merchandise, furniture, &c., destroyed was estimated at £60,830, making a total of £90,830. Of this £9,400 was covered by insurances, leaving £81,530 as the total loss to the owners of the premises and stock. The sum of £499 16s. was distributed by order of the Executive to the necessitous sufferers. Three years afterwards Representative Government was abandoned in Jamaica and Kingston ceased to be a corporate city. All the powers and immunities of the Common Council were transferred to a nominated Municipal Board created by Law 8 of 1866, the privilege of making ordinances for the regulation of the city being transferred to the Governor in Privy Council. For many years it had become evident that the convenience of the Government and of the general public would be best served by a transfer of the seat of govern- ment from Spanish Town, and in 1872 Sir John Grant, with the approval of the Secretary of States for the Colonies, gave effect to the change. The chief courts of law had been removed a few years before, as well as the offices of some departments of government, and the transfer of the Governor's permanent residence and of the Colonial Secretariat alone remained to be effected. Room for this department was provided in the spacious premises known as Head Quarter House (the official resi- dence of the Officer in Command of the Troops) which was purchased for £5,000, whilst Bishop's Lodge, (the former residence of the Bishops of Jamaica) situated in the Liguanea plain, was also purchased for conversion into a Government House. The Legislative Council was thereafter convened in Kingston and a Chamber for its deliberations found in the large hall of the first storey of Head Quarter House. A calamitous fire occurred in Kingston on the 11th December, 1882, by which a large section of the business portion of the city was destroyed. The total number of houses entirely destroyed was five hundred and seventy-seven, whilst twelve were partially destroyed. These places were inhabited by about six thousand persons. The total loss of house property was estimated at between £150,000 and £220,000. The number of houses totally destroyed in the several streets and lanes reached by the fire was as follows :-Barry Street, 36; Church Street, 26; Duke Street, 2 ; Harbour Street, 55; King Street, 30; Little Port Royal Street, 3; Orange Street, 69; Port Royal Street, 55 ; Princess Street, 75; Tower Street, 58 ; West Street, 370 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. 13; Luke Lane, 87; Mark Lane, 1; Matthews Lane, 35; Peters Lane, 36; Temple Lane, 9; and Water Lane, 37 ; whilst one house in Duke Street, one in Orange Street, two houses in Port Royal Street, four in West Street, one in Luke Lane, two in Matthews Lane, and one in Peters Lane were partially destroyed. Amongst the buildings destroyed were the two Jewish Synagogues; the premises of the Ordnance Department; the Government Savings Bank; the office of the Jamaica Mutual Life Assurance Society; part of the premises of the Colonial Bank; several wharf premises, &c., &c. The appearance of the town in the burnt districts has greatly improved since the fire, as the old offices, stores, &c., have been replaced by buildings of a more handsome and substantial character. Previous to the fire last referred to the parish of Kingston had a population of 15,928 males and 22,638 females, or a total of 38,566 souls, inhabiting 4,198 houses, on which £4,211 was paid during the financial year 1881-82 as poor rates. The number of houses on which poor rates were paid in 1890-91 was 4,330, the amount received being £7,650; or £3,439 more than in 1881-82. The population, by the Census of 1891, is now 48,504. The value of the imports into Kingston during the year 1891-92, for home con- sumption, was £1,649,832 and the value of the exports £752,725-£83,901 being for foreign produce re-shipped. The import duties collected at the port during the year amounted to £228,389. The rum duties received were £60,269, and the trade tax £1,751. There are three Building Societies doing business in the city and nineteen Fire Insurance Companies accepting risks all over the island. Besides these a Discount Society, eleven Life Assurance Companies, an Ice Company and two Marine Insu- rance Companies, and an Electric Light and Power Company are in successful operation in the city. No less than three Companies have been formed for the establishing of Hotels. One of these, the American Hotels Company* has built a large and handsome Hotel at Constant Spring, about six miles from Kingston, capa- ble of accommodating between 100 and 200 guests. The Kingston Hotels Company have opened at Myrtle Bank a fine and commodious Hotel, while the Jamaica Hotels Company has provided in Heywood Street an Hotel specially adapted in its arrange- ments and charges to the use of the humbler classes of the community. The city is lighted with gas and several of the Churches and public buildings with electric light. The principal thoroughfares are traversed by street cars. A remark- ably handsome and very commodious market adorns the lower end of King Street. In connection with this structure is a public landing place. In the upper part of the same street and immediately opposite to the principal entrance of the King. ston Parade Garden is the statue of an illustrious man, Sir Charles Metcalfe, which, as the inscription on the plinth announces, was erected “ by the grateful inhabitants of Jamaica in commemoration of the benefits derived from his wise, just and beneficial administration of the government of the island.” On the eastern side of the parade (just without the garden fence) stands another full length marble statue, that of the honorable Edward Jordon, C.B., "who through a long series of years and in times of danger, fearlessly stood forward as the cham- pion of emancipation and for the removal of civil disabilities.” This memorial was, as the inscription states, erected “by public subscription, in humble acknowledg. ment of the important services rendered to his country" by the deceased, who, “ honored by his Sovereign and beloved by the people, will ever be remembered as one of Jamaica's most distinguished sons." The statue of another distinguished Jamaican, Doctor Lewis Q. Bowerbank, was erected in the year 1881 on the northern side of the garden. The inscription on the memorial is as follows: “ This statue was erected by his numerous friends and ad- mirers in memory of him in his private character as a Christian gentleman ; in his profession as a distinguished physician and sanitary reformer; and in his public as a Oustos whose administration is a tradition and a model. Born in Jamaica 1814.” A statue of Father Dupont, a Roman Catholic Priest, who for many years la- boured among the poor of the City, was placed during the past year at the North- East corner of the Garden. # For details seo "Hotel Companies in Jamaica." THE PARISHES. 371 Among the principal buildings of the city are the Theatre, the Lunatic Asylum, the Pablic Hospital, the General Penitentiary, the Mico Institution, the Town Hall, and Jamaica Institute, and the Jamaica Club. Asubstantial permanent Iron Grand Stand adorns the Race Course. The many places of worship are creditable and commodious structures, the finest in architectural appearance being Coke Chapel on the parade and St. Michael's Church near Rae Town. A fine Synagogue has recently been erected at the corner of Charles and Duke Streets. The old Parish Church is dear to the inhabi- tants of Kingston, not alone for its comparative antiquity but because of the historic memories with which it is associated. This Church has lately been considerably enlarged by the addition of side aisles. Within its walls “ Old Benbow," "a true pattern of English courage,” finds a last resting place, having died in Kingston, as the inscription on his tomb shows, “ of a wound in his leg received in an engagement with Monsieur DuCasse, November 4th, 1702.” We must not omit to mention the Gas Works at the west end of the town, solid buildings that would be creditable to any European town. The Supreme Court of Judicature is held in the old Court House in Harbour Street, and the Resident Magistrates and Petty Sessions Courts are held in the former mili- tary barracks on the western side of the parade; on the opposite side, are the extensive otfices of the Director of Public Works, as well as those of the Inspector General of Police, the Protector of Immigrants, the Inspector of Schools and the Director of Prisons. The Medical Department is located in East Street; the Go- vernment Savings Bank in Port Royal Street; the Government Printing Office in the upper part of Duke Street, next to the Colonial Secretary's Office; the Trea- sury, and Audit Office at the south-eastern junction of Duke Street and Harbour Street; one branch of the Post Office at the north-eastern junction of the same streets, the other at the building in East Street known as Blundell Hall,-the Inland Telegraph Head Quarters being in East Street. The Head Office of the Internal Revenue Department and the Customs of Kingston, with the Bonding and Rum Ware- houses, lie at the west end of the city; and the Railway Station, with its commodious wharf and stores, is in close proximity thereto. The private residences in the upper part of the city are well built and as a rule surrounded by trimly kept gardens ; for this class of houses rents vary, but range between £50 and £100 a year. Lines of steamers touch at Kingston regularly, keeping up communication direct with England, the United States and France. A coasting steamer leaves Kingston once a week for the outports. The lines of the Jamaica Tramway Company are laid from the foot of King Street to Constant Spring, by way of Orange Street, the Slipe Pen Road and Halfway Tree; to the North-east corner of the Race Course viâ East Street; to Paradise Street on the Windward Road ; to the General Penitentiary at Rae Town; to the Jamaica Railway, and to the May Pen Cemetery on the road to Spanish Town; and cars run on the lines at intervals of 20 minutes. There are several hotels and lodging houses in the town, the best known being Park Lodge kept by Miss M. E. Burton, the Myrtle Bank Hotel, the Queen's Hotel in Heywood Street. The Jamaica Club is in Hanover Street. Five daily and other tri-weekly and munthly newspapers are published in the city. Postal deliveries take place three times a day, and posts are made up for the home parishes and some of the country parishes daily and for all the country parishes three times a week. The markets are plentifully supplied. Butchers' meat is cheap. Fruit, vegetables and fish are abundant at reasonable rates. There are many. fine shops or stores well supplied with articles of all kinds, and the ruling prices are moderate. The climate is dry. The thermometer has been as high as 93° in the hot months and has stood as low as 56º. 7' in the cool months. Port ROYAL—situate at the extreme end of a narrow neck of land facing the entire front of the harbour of Kingston and acting as a natural breakwater-is as it were the entrance gate to that harbour. Port Royal was, prior to the great earthquake, “the finest town in the West Indies, and at that time the richest spot in the uni- verse."* It was the headquarters of the buccaneers and as such the emporium and mart of their ill-gotten wealth. * A New History of Jamaica by Leslie. 372 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA, At half-past 11 o'clock on the morning of the 17th June, 1692, the town was shaken by a tremendous earthquake. “ Whole streets with their inhabitants were swallowed up by the opening of the earth, which when shut upon them squeezed the people to death, and in that manner several were left with their heads above ground, and others covered with dust and earth by the people who remained in the place. It was a sad sight to see the harbour covered with dead bodies of people of all conditions, floating up and down without burial, for the burying place was destroyed by the earthquake which dashed to pieces tombs, and the sea washed the carcasses of those who had been buried out of their graves."'* At Green Bay there is still the tomb of Lewis Galdy “ who was swallowed up by the earthquake, and by the providence of God was by another shock thrown into the sea and miraculously saved by swimming until a boat took him up. He lived many years after in great reputation, beloved by all who knew him and much lamented at his death.”+ The ruins of old Port Royal are even yet visible in clear weather from the surface of the waters under which they lie, and relics are often procured by divers on exploring the ruins. As terror after the earthquake subsided new houses were erected and the place, under the privateering system of the time, began again to flourish ; but in the begin- ning of the year 1703 a fire broke out at one of the crowded warehouses where a quantity of gunpowder was deposited and in a few hours the whole town was in flames. With the exception of the royal forts and magazines not a building was left. Notwithstanding these occurrences a number of persons who had left Port Royal returned to it and began its re-establishment. New houses were built and trade began to be restored; but on the 22nd August, 1722, a storm passed over the town which swept the greater portion of the buildings into the sea and destroyed a number of lives. Of fifty vessels which were in Port Royal harbour on that day four men-of-war and two merchant ships alone rode out the storm, but with all their masts and booms blown away. This further calamity was in time forgotten and Port Royal was again crowded with houses and enriched by the profitable trade caused by the war in which Great Britain was then engaged. On the 13th July, 1816, about midday, a fire broke out which in a few hours de- stroyed nearly the whole place, including the naval hospital, and left many of the in- habitants utterly destitute. A subscription was set on foot for their relief, which was liberally responded to, Kingston alone subscribing eleven thousand pounds. Since the occurrence of this fire the town has ceased to be a commercial centre and Port Royal is now of importance only as a naval and military station. The naval yard, or dock yard as it is commonly called, contains the official resi- dence of the Commodore and his staff. The dockyard is equipped with a well-found machine shop, where steam engines and the machinery of war ships are almost con- stantly being repaired. If, however, a large ship requires to be docked for an exami- nation of the bottom it becomes necessary to resort to Bermuda, where a floating dock of immense size is available to the fleet. The present naval hospital, which is a very fine building, is built of iron and stone and is 380 feet long and 57 | feet broad. It can accommodate about 130 patients in the upper portion, and the ground floor, which is available for use in the event of any emergency arising, will accommodate about half as many more, so that the hospital can find room for 200 patients in all. A yellow fever hospital was added by Dr. Thomas Colan, a late Deputy Inspector General, in which yellow fever cases can be isolated and treated, and the necessity of the main hospital being put in quarantino is thus obviated. This arrangement has worked very satisfactorily. Port Royal has always been considered important as a naval station. As recently as the American war and the French occupation of Mexico the fleet on the North American and West Indian station numbered some twenty five ships, a goodly portion of which were constantly calling at Port Royal to coal, to obtain fresh provisions and to refit, and the Archduke Maximilian on his way to Mexico was met there by eleven ships-of-war. Port Royal, and its outstations, Rocky Point, Apostles' Battery and Fort Augusta constitute the “harbour defences" of Jamaica, and Port Royal itself is the key and the chief. The military authorities have of late years been engaged in improving the * Narrative of the Rector of Port Royal. Inscription on the Tomb. THE PARISHES. 373 defences of Port Royal, including the construction of new batteries for rifled guns. In addition to this the Royal Engineers have a small submarine mining establishment fitted with tanks, steam launch, boats and electrical apparatus, &c. The garrison it- self is small in number but would be readily augmented on an emergency aris- ing. The town suffered severely in the hurricane of the 18th August, 1880, and very many of the houses, then wholly or partially destroyed, remain in a condition of dilapidation. The place is generally reputed to be healthy, although as a matter of history epi- demics of cholera, small-pox and yellow fever have occurred there. At one time Port Royal laid claim to be regarded as a sanitarium or marine resort, but owing to the want of house accommodation and other causes the people of Kingston do not now resort to it for change of air. ST. ANDREW. ST. ANDRE This parish was originally called Liguanea It now consists of what before the pass- ingof Law 20 of 1867 comprised the parish of Port Royal and the parish of St. Andrew, less the parts known as Smith's Village, Hannah's Town, Fletcher's Town and the town of Port Royal. There are no towns in St. Andrew and the principal villages are Halfway-Tree, Gordon Town and Stony Hill. Halfway-Tree, which is situated about three miles from Kingston, derives its im- portance principally from its being the Head Court Station of the parish and from having a Post and å Telegraph Office. It is also centrally situated in regard to the residences of the higher officials of the colony and of some of the leading mer- chants of Kingston. The public buildings consist of a Court House and a Police Station. There is also a market, a structure of iron and wood, which was opened on the 1st August, 1881. The Parish Church, which was built in the reign of Queen Anne, has lately been enlarged and renovated at considerable cost. There are some interesting memorial slabs and stones in the Church and Churchyard. There is a splendid monument inside the Church to Sir Nicholas Lawes, once Governor of the island; whilst Lieutenant-Governor Rushworth, C.M.G., is commemorated in the Churchyard. Not far from Halfway-Tree is situated King's House, the official resi- dence of the Governor of Jamaica ; and the American Hotel at Constant Spring is only three miles distant. Between Halfway-Tree and Gordon Town on the Hope land are the Government Experimental Plantations and the head works and reser- voirs of the Kingston and Liguanea Water Works. The large and handsome build- ings of the Jamaica High School have been erected on a portion of the Hope lands, The Cars of the Jamaica Tramway Company run between Kingston and Halfway- Tree every twenty minutes, and between Halfway-Tree and Constant Spring once every hour, Gordon Town is distant about nine miles from Kingston, in a north-easterly direc- tion, and contains a Constabulary Station, a Court House and a Post Office and Tele- graph Station. A little further up, at the foot of the hill leading to Newcastle, is a picket house in connection with the cantonment at that place. Omnibuses run be- tween Gordon Town and Kingston every day, leaving Duval's livery stables at Gordon Town at 8.30 a.m. and Mr. John Macdonald's store in Kingston, on the return journey, at 3 p.m. The charge is 3/ from Gordon Town to Kingston and 3/6 from Kingston to Gordon Town and 5/6 for the “return ticket” on the same day. The military cantonment at Newcastle, on one of the spurs of the Blue Mountain Range, is the station of the white troops, consisting generally of the wing of a regi- ment and part of a battery of artillery. It is situated 3,974 feet above the sea, amid charming scenery and in a very healthy climate. On a lower elevation between New- castle and Gordon Town is situated Craigton, at present the mountain residence of Sir Henry Blake, Governor of Jamaica. Not far from Newcastle, on a property named Silver Hill, is the Jamaica Spa. It consists of two mineral springs of great value; they are the property of the Govern- ment and were many years ago in great request. The buildings, which were erected at a cost of £3,000, have fallen into decay and there are now no lodgings in the locality. The result is that the springs are but little known, although they are very efficacious in cases of serious illness. 374 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. The Kingston and Liguanea Water Works Commissioners have recently acquired the right of taking water from the Wag Water River as an extra source of supply to St. Andrew and Kingston; and the necessary reservoirs have been constructed at Oonstant Spring and connecting pipes laid down. Stony Hill is situated about ten miles from Kingston on the main road leading to Annotto Bay. The buildings at this place, which formerly constituted the military barracks, are now used for the purposes of a Boys' Reformatory. The Cars of the Jamaica Tramway Company run as far as Constant Spring at the foot of Stony Bill At Constant Spring there is the fine new Hotel of the American Hotels Company. Up-Park Camp Barracks, about 1 miles north of Kingston, contain the head quar- ters of a West Indian Regiment and the Brigade and other Military Offices. The situation of this place is admittedly healthy and a constant sea breeze blowing over it makes the hottest days endurable. There is a splendid view of the harbour to be obtained from these barracks, which consist of two long parallel lines of buildings, two stories high. There is an excellent hospital for the troops and a splendid swim- ming bath of running water. The quarters of the Field Officers are separate build- ings, each standing by itself in its own compound. On the introduction of coffee into the island in the year 1778 it was planted in this parish, where it has ever since been the principal production. The coffee grown in St. Andrew, especially in the higher altitudes, commands a very high price in the English markets. In 1837* there were as many as one hundred coffee plantations in the parish but the number is now considerably less. The Government has in operation a Cinchona Plantation at Belle Vue, some 5,000 feet above the level of the sea, and the cultivation of cinchona is being carried on by private proprietors, considerable tracts of crown lands having been purchased under the very favourable terms conceded by the Government with a view to the encouragement of cinchona planting. The cultivation of tea has recently been taken up at the Government Cin- chona Plantation and private proprietors are also embarking in it. The cultivation of tobacco is carried on principally at Temple Hall where it is conducted by Cubans. Bananas, pine apples and oranges are also productions of this parish. There is only one sugar estate of any consequence, namely, Mona, which has 300 acres in cultivation in canes. The number of acres in cultivation in the parish is 12,180 ; 3,831 acres are in coffee, 211 in tobacco, 6,036 in ground provisions, 3,295 in Guinea grass, 11,558 in common pasture, and 71,539 in wood and ruinate. The coffee crop produced 1,874 cwt. The area of the parish is 166 square miles and the popula- tion to each square mile is 206. According to the Census of 1891 the population of St. Andrew is 37,855 ; 18,318 males and 19,537 females. The increase since 1881 has been 1,067 males and 1,806 females, or 2,873 in all. The parish is divided for the purpose of the parochial elec- tions into 3 divisions, returning 15 members to the Parochial Board. Resident Magistrates' Courts are held at Halfway-Tree, Gordon Town and Stony Hill; and Petty Sessions Courts at Halfway-Tree, Stony Hill, Gordon Town, Guara Ridge and Bull Bay. ST. THOMAS. The parish of St. Thomas, which now embraces the old parish of St. David, is one of the oldest parishes in the island. It was settled by the Spaniards and was thus described by Venables : “Morante is a large and beautiful hato, being four leagues in length, consisting of many small savannahs, and has wild cattle and hogs in very great plenty, and ends at the mine, which is at the cape or point of Morante itself, by which towards the north is the port of Antonio." In respect of physical beauty this parish is second to none in the island. The sugar estates in the Plantain Garden River district present a pretty view when seen from the eminence above them called “ Quaw Hill." From this point to Port Antonio the whole district was once covered by flourishing sugar estates but is now utilized for grazing. There are still several large sugar estates in cultivation in the parish; one of the oldest of these is Belvedere, the original proprietor of which, Robert Freeman, was the first Speaker of the first House of Assembly. President Cuthbert is buried on this estate. * The year before Emancipation. THE PARISHES. 375 In addition to the Dry River and the Falls River there are two important rivers in St. Thomas, namely, the Yallahs and Morant Bay Rivers, which when swollen by heavy rains, become formidable torrents and are quite impassable. The Morant Point Light House stands at the east end of the island in this parish. The principal towns or villages are Morant Bay, Port Morant, Easington, Bath and Yallahs Bay. Morant Bay (population 656) is the chief town and shipping port and is noted as being the principal scene of the disturbances of 1865. Nearly all the public build- ings were then burnt down but the town now contains a Public General Hospital, an Alms House, a Court House, a Constabulary Station, a Post Office and Tele- graph Station, an Episcopal Church and a Wesleyan Chapel. Recent improve- ments comprise the erection of an iron market and a large tank in the town and the construction of an excellent system of Water Works. The import duties collected in 1891-92 were £2,501. Morant Bay is an open roadstead and the only danger in approaching the anchorage is Galatea Rock which has only 16 feet of water over it. As the soundings shoal gradually, vessels of any draught can anchor at Morant Bay. There are five fathoms of water within three cables of the beach and three fathoms within half that distance. Port Morant, lying seven miles eastward of Morant Bay, was formerly a shipping port of great importance; at present it has but little shipping. The import duties collected at this port in 1891-92 amounted to £220. Port Morant is a very secure harbour and vessels can, as a rule, leave as well as enter with the regular trade wind. Bath is a populous village having a large number of dwellings, an Episcopal Church, a Wesleyan and a Baptist Chapel. A sulphurous hot mineral spring (of which an account is given in another portion of this work) is situated a little above the village. The original Botanic Garden of the island is in the village itself and is still main- tained to a certain extent for the sake of its valuable trees and palms. There are an Episcopal Church (built in the 17th century) and Wesleyan and Baptist Chapels at Yallahs Bay; and in the vicinity are two large salt ponds, which supply an abundance of fine fish and are a source of livelihood to the villagers. Al- bion Estate, about one mile west of Yallahs Bay, is one of the finest sugar estates in the island, being supplied with an excellent system of irrigation. Easington, which is in the interior of the parish, was the capital of the parish of St. David before it was merged into that of St. Thomas-in-the-East. There is a fine suspension bridge over the Yallahs River at Easington. Golden Grove is a collection of stores on the estate of that name, and on the estate is a handsome little Episcopal Church, supported by the planters of the district. The total number of acres under cultivation in the parish is 13,240, of which 5,707 are in ground provisions, 2,644 in sugar canes, 2,363 in coffee and 135 in cocoa. Of the uncultivated lands 1,770 acres are in Guinea grass, 17,840 in common pasture and 102,457 in wood and ruinate. 1,360 puncheons of rum, 2,017 hogsheads of sugar and 1,750 cwts.of coffee were produced in this parish in 1891-92 and the rum duties collected amounted to £5,275. The number of cattle, horsekind and sheep on sugar estates and pens in 1891 may be set down at 3,266 cattle, 1,300 horsekind and 1,000 sheep. According to the Census of 1891 the population of the parish is 32,176; males 15,556, females 16,620. This shows a falling off as compared with 1881, of 1,769, the decrease in the number of males being 1,263 and in that of females 506. The area of this parish is 274 square miles and the population to each square mile is 117. The parish is divided for the purposes of the parochial elections into 5 divisions, returning 15 members to the Parochial Board. A Circuit Court is held three times a year at Morant Bay for the parish of St. Thomas : Resident Magistrates' Courts are held at Bath, Morant Bay, Trinity Ville and Easing- ton ; and Petty Sessions Courts are held at Morant Bay, Bath, Éasington, Trinity Ville and Woburn Lawn. PORTLAND. This parish was named after the Duke of Portland, who was Governor of the island from 1722 to 1726. It includes the old parish of St. George and part of St. Thomas, from which it was originally taken in 1723. It extends from the sea coast to thé highest peak of the Blue Mountains and is noted for its fertility and the beauty of 376 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. its scenery. The chief town and villages are Port Antonio, Buff Bay, Manchioneal, Hope Bay and St. Margaret's Bay. Port Antonio has two of the finest and securest harbours in the island. The western harbour is sheltered by a small islet called Navy Island on which is the rifle range of the Militia. Vessels of large tonnage can lie alongside the wharves in the western har- bour. Port Antonio is divided into Cpper and Lower Titchfield. Upper Titchfield stands on a peninsula and contains Fort George, the old military barracks which are now converted into a school under the Titchtield Trust, and the residences of the gentry. Lower Titchfield, or Port Antonio proper, extends along the sea shore where the stores, wharves, Court House, Gaol, &c., are built. The Episcopal Church stands conspicuous at the south-east end of the town and is a structure of good size and some architectural beauty. The port is divided into the eastern and western harbours, by a narrow peninsula which takes a north-easterly direction nearly half a mile from the main. The fort and barracks are conspicuous objects from the offing. Navi- gators strange to the locality sometimes find it difficult to distinguish the en- trance to the harbour, and if a vessel should approach the shore to the eastward of it the remains of some old sugar works at Anchovy in ruins might be taken for the old fort at Titchfield and prove misleading, but by running along the land, the place, when once opened, cannot be mistaken. A light house has been erected on Folly Point at the entrance of the harbour which is a great aid to navigation. The light is a red fixed one, visible 13 nautical miles in clear weather, and is a 4th order dioptric. The light house is 50 feet from base to vane and is painted alternate horizontal bands of red and white. It was first lighted on the 1st of March, 1888. Port Antonio is supplied with very good water by means of pipes from a stream at Red Hazel : the reservoir being only a mile-and-a-half from the town, Port Antonio is a very favorite place with our American Cousins, and is preferred by them to any other town in the island. When the proposed Railway is completed, and hotels are erected, it is probable that this town will be a very popular resort for winter visitors. A large and handsome Town Hall is in course of erection and it is expected will be completed by the end of the year. The lower story will contain the offices of the Court and Parochial offices and the upper story a Town Hall and Court Room. This building will supply a much felt want. The extension of Port Antonio has been prevented by the fact that all the land in the immediate vicinity of the town is the property of the Titchfield Trustees; but a law has recently been passed giving the Trustees power to sell. A portion of the land is to be appropriated to the formation of a park and pleasure ground, which will be a material benefit to the residents in and near Port Antonio. By a Proclamation issued by the Governor in 1880 fairs for the sale of stock are appointed to be held in the chief street of the town of Port Antonio on the first Tues- day in Easter week, the first Tuesday after the 1st August and the first Tuesday after Christmas Day. Market buildings were completed in Port Antonio, one on either side of West Street, in 1885 ; a substantial brick building roofed with earthen tiles for Revenue Offices was built in 1886. The fruit trade, which was opened up in Portland in the year 1868, has made Port Antonio a town of some importance. Steamers carrying fruit run regularly from Port Antonio to different ports in the United States. The fruit exports from Port Antonio received a severe check from the effects of the destructive hurricane of Au- gust 18th, 1880. In fact for six months, at least, the trade may be said to have been at a standstill; but the people were not discouraged and fruit planting was carried on, on a much larger scale than before. Two severe storms which visited the eastern end of the island on the 27th of June and 19th August, 1886, again de- vastated the banana fields, the latter sweeping down whatever the former had left stand- ing. For twelve months the banana trade was completely at a standstill but it is now once more in active operation. The larger proprietors as well as the peasant proprie- tors are extending their cultivation on every hand and there can be little doubt that a great future is in store for the fruit trade of this parish. The Maroon Town called Moore Town is nine miles from Port Antonio on the banks of the Rio Grande, which is the second largest river in the island, but on account THE PARISHES. 377 of the rapids formed by the hilly nature of the country through which it runs it is of little use for navigation. St. Margaret's Bay is a thriving village on the west of the Rio Grande ; it contains a substantial Episcopal Church and carries on an extensive business in fruit. A new Police Station has recently been erected, and the Boston Fruit Company have con- structed a fine wharf here, and also at Hope Bay, a village lying a little further west. Hope Bay contains about 500 inhabitants, with an Episcopal Church, a Wesleyan Chapel and a Constabulary Station. In fine weather bananas are exten- sively shipped on steamers and coasting droghers for America and Port Antonio, from both these places. Buff Bay was the chief town of the old parish of St. George ; it lies between the Spanish River and the Buff Bay River. This town contains a fine Episcopal Church, a Wesleyan Chapel, a Baptist Chapel, a Court House, an Alms House, a Public General Hospital, a Constabulary Station, a Telegraph Station, a Market, &c. Buff Bay is a rising and prosperous place, and on the construction of the Railway will become a very important centre of the fruit trade. A wharf has recently been built by the Boston Fruit Company, but owing to the exposed character of the coast it will be only available in very fair weather. For weeks at a time, especially during the northers, the coast is unapproachable by vessels. About two miles out of the town, on one side of the Buff Bay River, lies a township of the Maroons called Charles Town, and on the other side was the Government Model School which was attended princi- pally by the children of the Maroons; it has, however, been closed and the premises rented by the Government. From Spring Garden, two miles east of Buff Bay, a tram- way runs 44 miles up the Valley of the Spanish River to Chepstowe where there is a very fine waterfall known as the “ Fishdone,” as fish cannot ascend the river any fur- ther. The scenery along the tramline exceeds in beauty the well-known Bog Walk. On Spring Garden are the ruins of an old fort constructed to repel the Buccaneers. Manchioneal lies on the north-eastern coast of the island ; it is becoming of some importance since the fruit trade has been established. The town holds an Episcopal Church, a Wesleyan Chapel, a Court House, &c. Its principal exports are bananas and cocoanuts. The harbour, situated at the south extreme of a cocoanut plantation two miles long on the coast, is very small; the entrance is only about half a cable wide and leads to an anchorage close off Shifton Point, barely exceeding one cable in diameter. From the anchorage to the southward is a narrow well-protected haven for small vessels. Manchioneal was the scene of some of the exploits of Tom Cringle,' recorded in his Log; and the Great House' on Muirton is said to be the one to which he was taken on his arrival from Cuba with yellow fever. The grazing properties in the neighbourhood of Manchioneal are utilized for the production of cattle and sheep. The Port Antonio market is supplied regularly from these properties with mutton, which, though small, is remarkably fine in quality and flavour. Darlingford, an extensive cocoanut plantation belonging to the heirs of the late Sir Charles Darling, Governor of Jamaica, stands around the Village of Man- chioneal. There are at Low Layton the remains of an extinct volcano, 150 feet above sea level. Hitherto the Rio Grande, Buff Bay, Spanish, Swift and White Rivers in this parish have presented formidable obstacles to the traveller during the rainy seasons, when they assume the form of foaming torrents and are quite impassable; these obstacles have now been overcome by the bridging of these rivers. The Bridge over the Rio Grande is the longest in the Island, the iron work alone being 480 feet in length, in six spans of 80 feet each. This Bridge was formally opened by the Go- vernor Sir H. A. Blake on 26th May, 1892, the day being observed as a gala day and general holiday in the parish. It is estimated that 5,000 people were present and 100 carriages of different kinds. Provision has recently been made for bridg- ing several minor rivers the passage of which is difficult during the rainy season. A timber horse and foot bridge is in course of erection over the Rio Grande at the entrance to the Maroon settlement of Moore Town. Under the new Main Road system the interior of the parish is being opened up and the roads generally much improved. The total number of acres under cultivation in the parish is 10,076, of which 5,326 378 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. are in ground provisions, 172 in sugar canes, 112 in cacao and 504 in coffee. Of the uncultivated lands 725 acres are in Guinea grass, 15,460 in common pasture, 760 in pimento and common pasture and 90,829 in wood and ruinate. The rum duties col- lected in 1891-92 amounted to £2,504. The number of cattle and horsekind on the bugar estate and pens in 1890 may be set down at 2,026 cattle and 956 horsekind. According to the Census of 1891 the population of the parish is 31,998; 15,664 males and 16,334 females. This is an increase over the population of 1881 of 3,097 -the increase in the number of males being 1,370, and in that of females 1,727. The parish is divided for the purposes of parochial elections into 3 divisions, return- ing 14 members to the Parochial Board. A Circuit Court is held in Port Antonio three times a year. Resident Magis- trates Courts for the disposal of civil business are held at Port Antonio, Buff Bay, Hope Bay and Manchioneal once a month. Petty Sessions Courts are held at Port Antonio every week and at Buff Bay every fortnight, and at Hope Bay and Man- chioneal once a month. ST. MARY. This parish, which includes the late parish of Metcalfe, as well as a part of the old parish of St. George, possesses a great variety of agricultural resources, com- bined with much that is interesting from a geological, as well as a physical point of view. Nearly every product of the colony can be produced in it, although the supply of labor is very precarious and the internal roads are in a very bad con- dition. With a sufficient supply of the former and good internal roads and rail- ways, the productions could be doubled in a very short time. The copper mines at Job's Hill and the ferruginous springs of Nowport only require easy means of access to become useful. The parish is exceptionally seasonable and is intersected by large rivers. The climate on the hillward plains is warm and humid and vege- tation is rapid ; the climate in the uplands is cool though moist. Generally speaking the climate is healthy, the prevailing sickness being intermittent fever unattended with much mortality. The chief products are sugar, rum, bananas, oranges, log- wood, fustic, pimento, cocoa, coffee and cocoanuts. Stock-raising has increased lately, chiefly cattle, horsekind, sheep and small stock. Banana cultivation has lately made great strides and the exports of the fruit now exceed those of any parish in the island. The parish has three chief towns, namely: Port Maria, Annotto Bay and Oracabessa, the latter having sprung up as the result of the banana trade coupled with its having a good harbour. There are also in the parish several thriving villages and out bays; the chief of the former being Highgate, Hampstead and Gayle, and of the latter Salt Gut and Rio Nuevo. The chief town and shipping port is Port Maria, or as it was named by the Spaniards Puerto Santa Maria, situated somewhat nearer the western than eastern end of the parish with a fairly good harbour, its complete exposure to “northers” being broken by Cabrietta Isle which acts to a certain ex- tent as a natural breakwater. The import duties collected in 1890-91 amounted to £7,276 and the export duties to £141. Port Maria contains a Public General Hos- pital and an Alms-house, a Church, a Kirk and a Baptist Chapel, a Wesleyan Chapel, a Court House and a fine Market, a Post Office and Telegraph Office and two Schools. The municipal buildings, which are very substantial and commodious, being built of stone, contain the Town Hall, the Court House and Offices, the Revenue and Paro- chial Board Offices and the Constabulary Station. The town also contains some fine stores and wharves. The Victoria Park, opened in commemoration of Her Majesty's Jubilee, is in the old parade ground next the Church, Gray's Charity is on Fort Haldane, in the vicinity of, and overlooking, Port Maria, the old premises of which are occupied by the inmates connected with the Charity. A good supply of water is afforded to the town by works constructed in 1886. Annotto Bay is situated on the eastern side of the mouth of the Wag Water River (a corruption of Agualta) and is distant about sixteen miles from Port Maria and thirty miles from Kingston, from which it is approached by what is termed the new Junction Road, on which is Castleton Gardens, eleven miles distant from Annotto Bay and nineteen miles from Kingston. The town is intersected by three rivers which creato swamps in the neighbourhood and render it, at certain seasons of the year, THE PARISHES. 379 unhealthy; but the inhabitants on the whole enjoy tolerably fair health and longevity. It is a considerable shipping port, especially for logwood and bananas, and its wharves and stores are being added to by a resident trader, who has built a fine com- modious store and is now building a substantial wharf at which, it is hoped, steamers will be able to load. It is, at present, the last port of call of the fortnightly Atlas Mail Steamers proceeding from Jamaica direct to New York. A Mail Coach carry- ing passengers runs to and from Kingston three times a week. The town contains a Public General Hospital and Alms-house, a Court House and Constabulary Sta- tion, Post Office and Telegraph Office; also a fine large Church at the eastern end of the town and Baptist and Wesleyan Chapels and two Schools. The Maroon Town of Scott's Hall is situated on the Junction Road behind Castleton Gardens. Oracabessa is situated eight miles west of Port Maria on the main road to St. Ann's Bay. It has a nice safe little harbour and is visited weekly by three Lines of Steamers for bananas. It has a Post and Telegraph Office, several small stores and wharves, a Baptist and a Wesleyan Chapel and Schools and a Police Station. The town is considered healthy and is visited as a health-resort. It was near Rio Nuevo Bay that the last Spanish Governor of Jamaica built a fort when he attempted to reconquer the island. The Rio Nuovo is becoming more important year by year by the shipping of fruits, &c. The chief rivers from east to west are the Dry River, Annotto River, Wag Water, Oracabessa River, Rio Nuevo and White River, White Hall River, Haughton, Tiber, Flint and Pencar Rivers, nearly all of which are now bridged. The total number of acres of land under cultivation in the parish is 14,867, of which 5,683 are in ground provisions. There are in sugar canes 996 acres, in coffee 707 and in cacao 651 ; 20 in vegetables ; 4,458 acres in Guinea grass, 29,799 in common pas- ture, 17 in pimento; 1,140 in common pasture and pimento and 73,237 acres in wood and ruinate ; 298 puncheons of rum and 214 hogsheads of sugar were produced on the estates in the parish, and the rum duties amounted to £6,868 in 1891-92. The live stock in the parish in 1891-92 may be set down at 6,986 cattle and 1,472 horsekind. According to the Census of 1891 the population of the parish is 42,915 ; males 21,267 and females 21,648. In 1881 the population was 39,696 : the increase has therefore been 3,219, of whom 1,257 were males and 1,962 females. The area of the parish is 229 square miles. The parish is divided into five divisions for the pur- poses of the parochial elections, returning 15 members to the Parochial Board. A Circuit Court is held at Port Maria three times a year. Resident Magistrates Courts and Courts of Petty Sessions are held at Port Maria, Annotto Bay, Rich- mond, Lucky Hill and Retreat weekly. ST. ANN. This is one of the larger parishes of the island and has been appropriately designated “ The Garden of Jamaica.” “When Columbus,” says Bryan Edwards, the historian, « first discovered Jamaica he approached it on the northside, and beholding that part “ of the country which now constitutes the parish of St. Ann he was filled with delight 6 and admiration at the novelty, variety and beauty of the prospect.” Hill, in his “ Lights and Shadows of Jamaica History,” thus writes of this parish : “ Earth has nothing more lovely than the pastures and pimento groves of St. Ann ;-nothing more enchanting than its hills and vales, delicious in verdure and redolent with the frag- rance of spices. Embellished with wood and water, from the deep forests, from whence the streams descend to the ocean in falls, the blue haze of the air blends and harmo- nizes all into beauty.” The principal towns are St. Ann's Bay, Ocho Rios, Brown's Town and Dry Harbour. St. Ann's Bay, the “ Santa Gloria” of Columbus, is a town of some importance, in which considerable trade is carried on. In 1890-91 its import duties amounted to £13,106 and its export duties to £185. It contains an Episcopal Church, a Wesleyan Chapel, a Baptist Chapel, a Court House, a Public General Hospital, a Post Office, a Telegraph Station, a Club and close to the town are the Poor Houses--supposed to be about the best in the island. A new market has been recently erected at St. Ann's Bay, a very useful addition to the town. Over the centre gate is a small quadrangular tower containing a clock haya Set Ze 22 380 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. ing three dials, south, east and west; the clock was the gift of the Hon. Michael Solo- mon, Custos of the Parish. A water supply for the town has recently been estab- lished, the Roaring River being the source of supply. St. Ann's Bay has of late years been doing a much larger shipping trade than for- merly, and the regular steam communication between the United States and Jamaica has been a great incentive to trade. The fruit business is being carried on with great energy by Messrs. J. E. Kerr & Co. and Mr. Leslie L. Fraser. Not more than a mile to the west of St. Ann's Bay is the site of the first capital of the island,“ Sevilla Nueva” or “ Sevilla d'Oro," as it was afterwards called. This town was founded by Don Juan d'Esquivel, the first Spanish Governor of Jamaica he having been commissioned and sent over by Diego Columbus (Christopher's son) the Heroditary Viceroy of the New World, to establish a colony there. Esquivel ar. rived in Jamaica in November 1509, accompanied by a number of the Viceroy's friends. “ Bringing with them the refinements of taste and the means of displaying it, they assisted in the foundation of Sevilla Nueva, whose fame long attested its superiority over every other town which has since been built here.” The town contained many buildings worthy of note, amongst which were a Monastery, a Cathedral, the pare- ment of which extended to a distance of two miles, a Theatre and many Palaces. Sevilla did not long, however, continue the capital, having been abandoned for St. Jago de la Vega. The reason for the change is not quite agreed upon ; some say that it was owing to the Spanish inhabitants of Sevilla having in their wars with the natives been suddenly and entirely cut off, and others assigned the desertion to “a visitation of innumerable ants” that destroyed all the provision grounds of the peo- ple and compelled them to find a home elsewhere. Bridges, however, attributes the abandonment to the dopredations of the French filibusters, and states that “the northern coast of Jamaica afforded frequent spoils to this bold band of Corsairs," To the eastward of St. Ann's Bay, at Drax Hall Estate, there is a narrow cove described in the maps as Don Christopher's Cove, where Columbus on his fourth and last vor. age to the West Indies is supposed to have stranded his two remaining vessels, but there is reason to think from records of Ferdinand, Columbus's son and companion on the voyage, that the site of this occurrence was the westward of St. Ann's Bay opposite the place known as the Priory Village. Midway between St. Ann's Bay and Ocho Rios are the Roaring River Falls, the largest in the island; the scenery here and for some miles round is much admired by visitors and is well worth a visit. Application to the proprietor of Roaring River will always ensure permission to view the Falls, and a guide can easily be obtained. Ocho Rios, formerly called “ Chereras," the “ Bay of the Waterfalls," lies about seven miles to the east of St. Ann's Bay. The town is increasing in importance and the harbour, which is easy of approach, affords good shelter for vessels. For this reason, and on account of the facilities in the way of getting good water and provisions, Ocho Rios is now very frequently visited by British ships-of-war for the purpose of giving leave to the crews. Near this town is Shaw Park Estate where Don Sasi, the last of the Spanish Governors, had pitched his tent and where he was discovered and pursued by the British troops (Cromwellites). He subsequently escaped in a canoe to Cuba, from a spot about nine miles from St. Ann's Bay, which has since been known as Runaway Bay. It has an Episcopal Church, Wesleyan and Baptist Cha- pels, a Post Office and Telegraph Station, a Market and a newly erected Court House and Police Station. Brown's Town is the largest of the rural townships of St. Ann and is situated in the western interior part of the parish; it contains an Episcopal Church, a Wesleyan Chapel, a Baptist Chapel, an Evangelist Tabernacle, a Court House, a Police Sta- tion and a fine Market called the “Norman Market," with a beautiful clock tower, in which has been placed a handsome clock presented by Sir H. Norman. Brown's Town is a thriving place and a good produce trade is carried on in it. Dry Harbour, so called on account of there being no fresh water stream or well there, is a town increasing in trade and prosperity and the harbour affords excel- lent shelter for vessels. It was at Dry Harbour that Columbus landed and took formal possession of the island. There are some very large caves about a mile-and- a-half from the village; they are often visited by tourists and are well worth the THE PARISHES. 381 trouble which is necessary to thoroughly explore them. A guide can always be ob- tained at Dry Harbour. In the Pedro Hills is York Castle Wesleyan High School, a well-managed and use- ful educational establishment. The situation is healthy and great care and attention are paid to the comfort and health of the pupils. Near by is Edinburgh Castle-on which property is situated the “ Sink Holo" where the murderer Hutchinson is sup- posed to have thrown down the bodies of all his victims. This Hole is said to find an outlet near Shaw Park (Ocho Rios). The Village of Claremont, commonly called Finger Post, is fast increasing in size and importance; it has an Episcopal Church and Wesleyan and London Missionary Society Chapels, a Post Office and Telegraph Station, a Market and a Police Station. Moneague, ten miles from Ewarton, is situated in a cool and pleasant part of the parish; it has a Court House, a Police Station, a Post Office and Telegraph Station, and a Market; a good produce business is done here. There is also a fine Hotel on a commanding site. The building is a handsome and comfortable one, and situate as it is in one of the most charming districts of the island, cannot fail to attract visitors from northern climates seeking to escape the severity of the winter. The productions of this parish are principally sugar, rum, pimento and coffee. On the sugar estates in cultivation in 1891-92, 1,176 hogsheads of sugar and 1,016 puncheons of ruin were produced, also 10,000 cwt. of coffee. The total number of acres under cultivation is 13,086 : 8,601 in ground provisions, 25,002 acres are in Guinea grass, 20,872 in common pasture, 31,900 in common pasture and pimento, 62 in pimento alone, and 113,229 in wood and ruinate. The number of acres un- der cultivation in the principal products is 1,747 in sugar canes and 1,679 in coffee. The live stock in the Parish may be set down at 14,000, cattle and 2,518 horsekind, The cultivation of bananas is extending, and from regular gathering the orange trees are yielding abundantly. Pimento, the "all-spice” of commerce, grows luxuriantly in St. Ann, in which it is indigenous. According to the Census of 1891 the population of the parish is 64,127 : 26,254 males and 27,873 females. The increase during tho last 10 years has been 7,543 the population in 1881 having been 46,584 ; males having increased by 3,423, and females by 4,120. The area of the parish is 476 square miles and the population to each square mile 112. The parish is divided for the purpose of the parochial elections into 4 divisions, returning 15 members to the Parochial Boards. A Circuit Court is held at St. Ann's Bay three times a year. Resident Magistrates' Courts are held at St. Ann's Bay weekly, Brown's Town fortnightly and at Mon- eague and Ocho Rios monthly. Petty Sessions Courts at St. Ann's Bay and Brown's Town are held fortnightly and at Moneague and Ocho Rios once a month. TRELAWNY. This parish derives its name from a former Governor of the colony, Sir William Trelawny, who died in Jamaica in 1772. The principal Towns are Falmouth, Stewart Town, Duncans and Clark's Town. Falmouth is a town of considerable importance, and is more regularly laid out than any other town in the island : the streets are wide and clean and the public buildings are substantial and handsome. The Court House, a building erected in the days of Jamaica’s extravagance, is lofty and spacious and affords accom- modation for nearly all the parochial officers. It contains full length pictures of General Sir John Kean, who during the absence of the Duke of Manchester in 1837, administered the government as Lieutenant Governor, and of Sir Charles Theophilus Metcalfe, formerly Governor of the Colony. The other public build- ings are the District Prison and the Public General Hospital. The Episcopal Church (with an elementary school attached), the Wesleyan Chapel and the Kirk are all fine buildings and well situated. The spacious Baptist Chapel, erected under the auspices of the late Rev. William Knibb, who played so important a part in Trelawny both before and after Emancipation, is one of the best buildings in the island. The Military Barracks are now occupied by the Constabulary: they are spacious, solid buildings and are capable of accommodating 700 men; they have always been regarded as being particularly healthy. The town is supplied with water 382 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. from the Martha Brae River, it is conveyed to a reservoir built in the market square, from which the inhabitants are supplied by pipes laid down to their houses or by means of carriers employed for the purpose. The water is of excellent quality and the charge to the inhabitants is on a very moderate scale. A compulsory rate is levied, according to tonnage, on all vessels entering the harbour. A new market has recently been erected in the Square and a Park to be called the Victoria Park has recently been opened. The harbour is difficult of access owing to a very narrow and intricate channel, but ships ride with perfect ease when they have entered and are at anchor. The depth of water in the harbour is ample and there is quite sufficient space for the accommodation of at least a dozen ships or steamers of large size. The reefs which run along the channel as well as others situated at the outer and inner side of the harbour, are composed chiefly of a clear, white, brittle coral. Martha Brae, one-and-a-half miles inland from Falmouth, was the site of the old Spanish settlement of Melilla, which was abandoned soon after its establishment owing to the depredations of the French filibusters. “The secret gold mine" of the Spaniards is said to be in the neighbourhood of Martha Brae. Clarke's Town, ten miles from Falmouth is the next largest town in the Parish, and is becoming more important by reason of its central position. There is a smart trade in produce here, and the ground provisions from Ulster Spring are nearly all sold here. There is a very fine old Episcopal Church, and a Baptist Church, a Post Office, and Government Dispensary. A Police Station has just beer added A Court House is now in course of erection at Ulster Spring, this being found neces- sary from the growing importance of the district. Stewart Town is the centre of a considerable trade in produce from the interior of Trelawny and the neighbouring parishes. It contains a pretty little Episcopal Church and spacious Chapels of the Wesleyan and Baptist denominations, and is the site of a Post Office and Police Station. Duncans is a town not very distant from the sea coast in which a brisk trade is carried on. It is the site of the Post Office, Telegraph Station, Police Station, &c. Owing to the scarcity of water which is experienced in the neighbourhood during dry weather a well was some years ago dug at considerable expense at Duncans, but unfortunately the benefits intended to be conferred on the district by this well have not been secured, the well having been thrown up. Rio Bueno was once an important shipping roadstead. A plentiful supply of water can be obtained a short distance up the river. The port of entry for Rio Bueno is Falmouth. It contains an Episcopal Church and a Police Station. There are other villages in the parish of some importance, namely, the Rock, Salt Marsh, Sawyers and Ulster Spring. The last named Village has become a place of great importance. The population has greatly increased of late years and is now about 6,000. The land is very fertile and there are numbers of prosperous small settlers in the district. There is a large Episcopal Church at a place called Spring Garden in the immediate vicinity of the village; a Wesleyan Chapel of most creditable architectural design, and a very handsome Baptist Chapel. A large School Room is attached to each of these places of worship which is well attended by the children of the peasantry. There is a Constabulary Station in this district and a Telegraph Office. The productions of this parish are principally sugar and rum, pimento, coffee and ginger and a small quantity of dyewoods. On the sugar estates in cultivation-of which there are 27--2,596 hogsheads of sugar and 2,426 puncheons of rum were pro- duced in 1891-92 crop. The total number of acres in cultivation is 9,195 ; 16,109 acres are in Guinea grass, 24,337 in common pasture, 3,487 in common pasture and pimento and 78,307 in wood and ruinate. The number of acres under cultivation in the principal products is 5,413 in sugar canes, 255 in coffee, and 3,567 in ground provisions. The live stock on the pens may be set down at 1,650 cattle, 556 horse- kind and 1,650 sheep, whilst the number on sugar estates is about 3,490 cattle and 420 horses and mules. This parish is noted for its fine flavoured rums, the prices obtained for which have enabled many of the estates to keep up cultivation in spite of adverse seasons and when the price of sugar does not repay the cost of produc- tion. The estates have all along and still have a comparatively plentiful supply THE PARISHES. 383 of native labour. By the in-givings of 1837 Trelawny contained 76 fine sugar estates, two coffee plantations and several pens and settlements. It was then said that the parish produced more sugar than any other parish in the island. According to the Census of 1891 the population of the parish is 30,996 ; 14,326 males and 16,670 females. The parish has suffered a decrease in the population since 1881 when it was 32,115, the loss being thus 1,119. The area of the parish is 3324 square miles and the population to each square mile is 93. In 1891-92 the import duties amounted to £12,363, the rum duties to £3,655, the trade licenses to £255 and the poor rates to £1,482. The parish is divided for the purposes of the parochial elections into 4 divisions, returning 15 members to the Parochial Board. A Circuit Court is held at Falmouth three times a year; Resident Magistrates'Courts are held at Falmouth, Duncans and Hampshire once a month; and Petty Sessions Courts at Falmouth once a week and at Hampshire and Duncans twice a month. ST. JAMES. This is one of the smaller parishes of the island and the only town of any impor- tance in it is Montego Bay, which contains a population of 4,651 souls. It is the second town of importance in the island in respect to commerce. Its import duties in 1891-92 amounted to £21,439. The chief buildings in the town are the Court House, the Episcopal Church and Trinity Chapel, the Chapels belonging to the Wes- leyan, the Baptist and United Presbyterian denominations, the Custom House and the old Barracks. The sanitary condition of the town is good. It is much improved by the filling up of the swamp adjoining the creek, which had been a nuisance of long standing. A large and handsome market was opened in the town a few years ago, which affords great accommodation to the inhabitants. Montego Bay was called “Manteca Bay" by the Spaniards from its being the great emporium for lard. Sir Hans Sloane states that the boiling of swine's flesh into lard constituted the early commerce of the place. The bay is an open roadstead and the anchorage is quite safe during the period of the ordinary land and sea breezes which range from N.N.E. to S.E.; but between November and March, when northers some. times blow in, accompanied by a heavy sea, a second anchor is sometimes necessary and accidents have been known to occur. Sea-bathing is a great institution at Montego Bay, the inhabitants claiming that the “Doctor's Cave" and the White Sands are the best bathing places in the island. Agriculture for the year just ended has been fairly satisfactory, as evinced by the crops of sugar and rum realized. The sugar bounty negotiations had the effect of somewhat brightening the hopes of the planters. The pimento and coffee crops have been small. The continued demand for logwood roots within the past twelve months has afforded a good deal of employment to labourers and placed a considerable amount of money in circulation. The fruit crop has been good, and the exportation has been steadily maintained. The benefits arising from the cultivation of oranges (though small from the low prices and long distances of transport) seem to reach a much larger portion of the peasantry than is the case with bananas, as the carriage of the former is not so cum- bersome and laborious, boys, girls and women being able to take head-loads of oranges to shipping places, whilst persons producing bananas to a small extent cannot always bear the expense of cartage from long distances for shipment, so that the production in many instances is turned to little or no account. There being but one small steamer trading regularly to this port every fortnight the supply of fruit is in excess of the demand and the result is that prices at times became capri. cious and unremunerative. Ground provisions have been as plentiful as they were last year. The productions of this parish are principally sugar, rum and coffee. On the sugar estates in cultivation 1,782 hogsheads of sugar and 2,009 puncheons of rum were produced last year, and 600 cwt. of coffee. The total number of acres under cultivation is 7,583; 7,516 acres are in Guinea grass, 16,335 are in common pasture and 72,341 in wood and ruinate. The number of acres under cultivation in the principal products is 3,655 in sugar canes, 107 in coffee and 3,367 in ground pro- 384 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA, visions. The cattle and live stock in the parish may be set down at 5,159 cattle, 1,300 horsekind and 150 sheep. The rum duties amounted to £5,120; the trade licenses to £284 and the poor rates to £1,594. According to the census of 1891 the population of the parish is 35,050; 16,063 males and 18,987 females. That of 1881 was 33,625; the increase has therefore been 1,425, of whom 248 were males and 1,177 females. The area of the parish is 227 square miles, and the population to each square mile is 150. The parish is divided for the purposes of the parochial election into 4 divisions, returning 15 mem- bers to the Parochial Board A Circuit Court is held at Montego Bay three times a year. Resident Magistrates Courts are held at Montego Bay once a month and at Adelphi once in every tro months; Petty Sessions Courts are held at Montego Bay once a week, at Adelphi once a fortnight and at Montpelier and Spring Mount once a month. HANOVER. Kingston excepted, this is the smallest parish in area in the island. The only town of any importance in it is Lucea. This parish probably derived more benefit from the flood of emigration to Colon, during the progress of the Canal works, than any other portion of the island. The number of well-to-do small settlers, each with his tiny sum of money laid by in the Government Savings Bank, has largely in- creased during recent years-thanks to the excellence of, and the fabulous price paid in Colon for the “Lucea yam.” Instances have been known in which the peasantry have realized a profit of three to four hundred per cent. on a shipment of this invaluable esculent after paying all the expenses attendant thereon. The import duties of Lucea in 1891-92 amounted to £5,296. Lucea is a remarkably pretty little town containing amongst its principal build- ings a handsome Court House, Rusea's Free School, the Episcopal Church, School, and Chapels belonging to the Presbyterian, Wesleyan and Baptist denominations. The town of Lucea is possibly the healthest as well as the most picturesque place in Jamaica. The whole western shore of the landlocked harbour is fringed with houses on the hills above are studded with residences embowered in foliage which are fanned the live-long day with pure, fresh sea-breeze. Were Lucea a little nearer to Kingston it would serve for the latter place as the most desirable sanitarium imaginable. The harbour of Lucea, although of small dimensions, is one of the best harbours on the north side of Jamaica. Its entrance is about three cables wide, but within it sweeps round into a most picturesque basin, about three-quarters of a mile in diameter, capable of receiving vessels of the largest size. Fort Charlotte which was built for the defence of the harbour, stands on the peninsula that over- looks the channel ; it is now used as a Constabulary Station. The townlet at Green Island, further westward, is a shipping port in which are an Episcopal Church, a Kirk and a Baptist Chapel. There are some very valuable grazing pens in this parish, of which the best known is Knockalva, which is between 4,000 and 5,000 acres in extent. A traveller who visited this property in 1866 wrote in a work subsequently published by him, that “ the manager had introduced the Hereford breed and shewed grass-fed oxen of fine form and enormous size, which would attract admiration and possibly carry off prizes at the great English cattle shows." Shettlewood, Ramble, Haughton Grove, Burnt Ground and Cacoon Castle are amongst the other most valuable breed- ing pens in this parish. The parish is well watered and very mountainous, the highest elevation being the Dolphin Head, which affords a good land-mark for mariners. The productions of the parish are principally sugar and rum, pimento and arrow. root. The peasantry are chiefly employed in planting ground provisions, of which, as stated above, the “ Lucea yam” enjoys a great reputation in the island. The total number of acres in cultivation is 7,616, of which 4,900 are in ground provisions ; there are 7,366 acres in Guinea grass, 26,907 in common pasture and 54,291 in wood and ruinate. There are 17 sugar estates now in cultivation on which 1,913 hogsheads of sugar and 1,256 puncheons of rum were produced last year. The number of acres in cultivation in sugar-canes is 2,079. The cattle and live stock in the Parish may be set down at 7,146 cattle, 1,523 horsekind and 500 sheep. THE PARISHES. 385 According to the Census of 1891 the population of the parish is 32,088: 15,402 males and 16,686 females. The increase since 1881 has been 2,521, the male popu- lation having advanced by 884, and the female by 1,637. The area of the parish is 166 square miles and the population to each square mile is 193. The parish is divided for purposes of the parochial elections into 3 divisions, returning 13 mem- bers to the Parochial Board. A Circuit Court is held three times a year at Lucea. Resident Magistrates and Petty Sessions Courts are held at Lucea every alternate week and at Green Island, Sandy Bay and Miles Town once a month. Courts are held at Lucea and Green Island once a month and at Miles Town once every two months. WESTMORELAND. Savanna-la-Mar, the chief town, is one of the most important towns in the island in regard to the extent of its commerce Its import duties in 1891-92 amounted to £13,431. The chief places of worship in the town are the Episcopal Church, the Baptist Chapel and the Wesleyan Chapel. Distributed through the parish will be found at least 15 large and substantial places of worship belonging to all the prin- cipal Christian denominations, besides other and smaller places of meeting for prayer. The ample supply of water, the distribution of which is now complete, is a great boon to the town and neighbourhood, as even in the driest season of the year the water is abundant and pure, being taken as it rises from the rock at Sweet River Pen, four miles distant. A drinking fountain and a horse trough were presented to the town by Mr. E. J. Sadler, and a commodious new Market has opened during 1892 by His Excellency the Governor. Contiguous to the town of Savanna-la-Mar is Manning's Free School, worked under a scheme of the Endowed Schools Commission, which, as it offers the means of obtaining a liberal education, bids fair to take a good place among the educational institutions of the island. The sad fate of Savanna-la-Mar in the hurricane of 1744 can never be remembered without horror. “The sea bursting its ancient limits overwhelmed that unhappy town and swept it to instant destruction, leaving not a vestige of man, beast or habitation behind. So sudden and comprehensive was the stroke,” says Bryan Edwards, “ that I think the catastrophe of Savanna-la-Mar was even more terrible. in many respects, than that of Port Royal.” Besides Savanna-la-Mar there are Bluefields, Parker's Bay, Scott's Cove and Negril as shipping places, and several small townships. Bluefields was the site of the Spanish town of Oristan, and was for some time the residence of Gosse the Naturalist., The “ Spanish road from Bluefields Bay to Martha Brae, by the head of the Great River," as Long wrote, is still in existence. The area of the parish is 197,440 acres. Some 10,000 to 12,000 acres are morass lands, which however afford maintenance in dry weather tonumbers of stock. Making allowance for this, fully three-fourths of the remainder of its area consists of hills of moderate elevation, amongst which many of the chief breeding pons are located. the remaining one-fourth being lowlands of alluvial formation in which are situate the sugar estates. Westmoreland is a parish still fairly wooded, and has long been remarkable for the regularity of the annual rains, a natural advantage enabling its agricultural operations to be carried on without much fluctuation and to the great advantage of its labouring population. The parish is also well-watered by numerous rivers and streams, the principal of which are the Negril, New Savanna, Morgan's Gut. Smithfield, Bowen's River, Bluefields, Robins, Roaring River, Great River and the Cabaritta, the latter of which is navigable for boats of about 8 tons for some 12 miles from its mouth. 5,152 hogsheads of sugar and 4,697 puncheons of rum were produced last year on the sugar estates now in cultivation. The sum of £5,129 was collected for rum duties in 1891-92. The number of acres in cane cultivation is 5,473; 10,131 acres are in Guinea grass, 43,008 in common pasture, 4,946 acres in ground provisions and 107,201 in wood and ruinate. The live stock in the Parish may beset down at 19,800 cattle, 3,500 horsekind and 1,500 sheep. 386 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. A new industry has very recently sprung up in the parish. Several Coolies have formed a settlement at a place called Paul Island, where the marsh lands are suit- able for the growth of rice, and they have successfully grown large quantities of that article and sold it at remunerative prices to the shopkeepers in the neighbour- hood. Dr. W. J. Calder, the proprietor of Meylersfield also cultivates rice on a large scale on his property. Considerable business has also been done in logwood, the roots of the trees hitherto disregarded having been found to be a useful article of commerce. Coffee and ginger are cultivated to some extent in the higher lands and the abun. dance of logwood trees, as well as of flowering or fruit trees throughout the pens or other settled lands, afford encouragement to the keeper of bees, an industry which might with profit and advantage be pursued to a greater extent than at present in many parts of the island. By the Census of 1871 the population of the parish was 40,823 and by that of 1881 it had increased to 49,035 or 20.12 per cent., the average increase of the whole island in the same period being 14.75 per cent. The population in 1891 is given at 53,450, 25,820 of whom are males and 27,630 females, the increase for the last ten-year period being 4,415. The parish is divided for the purpose of the parochial elections into six divisions, returning 15 members to the Parochial Board A Circuit Court is held at Savanna-la-Mar three times a year, Resident Magis- trates Courts are held at Savanna-la-Mar and Whithorn monthly. Petty Sessions Courts are held at Savanna-la-Mar once a week and at Little London, Darliston, or Speculation, Whitehouse, Bluefields and Whithorn once a month. ST. ELIZABETH. Saint Elizabeth is the largest parish in the island and is one of the most interest- ing and important. It comprises an area of 471 square miles, and at the time of the Census of 1891 possessed a population of 62,256, 29,915 males and 32,341 females or 132 to each square mile of area. The increase since the Census of 1881 has been 3,303 males and 4,578 females or 7,881 in all. The chief town and shipping port is Black River, situated at the mouth of the river of the same name; the import duties in 1891-92 amounted to £14,750. The ap- pearance of the town has been very much improved during the past two years. Several new and attractive looking villas, facing the sea, have been built, and others are in course of erection. More business is transacted in Black River than in most places of the same size, while its unsavoury reputation for unhealthiness is perhaps scarcely warranted by the Registrar General's statistics. The principal buildings are the Court House, the Public General Hospital-both of which are situated at some distance to the westward of the town itself—the Parish Church, the Prison and the Market. The Court House possesses considerable architectural pretentions; it pre- sents a particularly fine appearance from the sea and at once attracts the attention of the visitor. The offices it contains are commodious, while the Court Room itself is large and lofty. The Parish Church is a large brick structure with a square tower: it is more massive than beautiful, but its age invests it with an interest other than that of archi- tectural design. Within are many interesting memorial tablets recalling to the memory of the living the many good qualities of the departed St. Elizabeth gentry. The handsomest of these mural tablets are those on either side of the chance to the memory of Caleb Dickenson and Robert Hugh Munro, founders of the charity known as the “ Munro and Dickenson's Trust." The market place is a plain but graceful iron structure ; excellent markets are held twice a week, on Wednesdays and Saturdays. The town enjoys an ample house to house supply of pure water brought from the Y. S. River, An interesting feature of the town of Black River is the large quantity of logwood piled up on the wharves awaiting shipment; at certain seasons of the year as many as a dozen or fourteen large vessels may be seen lying in the harbour, most of them loading with logwood. The bar at the mouth of the river is a serious hindrance to the speedy loading and despatching of the vessels; the lighters which convey the car- goes from the wharves on either bank of the river to the shipping frequently ground on the bar, causing waste of time and much extra labour. THE PARISHES. 387 The principal villages of the parish are Lacovia, Santa Cruz, Balaclava, Newport, Siloah and Malvern. There is also a Maroon township called “ Accompong” in the northern interior of the parish. No less than five new markets have recently been built in the villages of the Parish. Substantial new Court Houses have been erected during the past year at Santa Cruz and Malvern. St. Elizabeth is more diversified by mountains and plains than any other parish of the island. The northern and north-eastern parts are mountainous while an ex- tensive plain occupies the central and southern districts. Through this plain, divid- ing it into two sections, runs from north to south the Santa Cruz range of mountains; at the southern extremity the range terminates abruptly in a sheer precipice which descends 1,600 feet to the sea. This natural feature is known as the "Lover's Leap," and presents a remarkable appearance from the sea. The Santa Cruz Mountains are well known for their charming climate which is at the same time both cool and dry. The thermometer seldom rises above 80° F in the hottest months, while there is an entire absence of that excessive humidity which is so serious a drawback to much of the higher land of the island. There are many hospitable homes in these hills and the residents are justly proud of the climate and scenery. The district is a centre of educational activity. Foremost among the schools situated in the bracing air of these mountains are the Moravian Female Train- ing School at Bethlehem, and the two schools of the Munro and Dickenson's Trust, that for girls at Hampton, and the one for boys at Potsdam. Of these schools an account is given in another part of this work. The lowlands of the parish may be divided into three parts; one portion—and that a very considerable one-being taken up with morass ; a second consisting of savan. nahs; and the third comprising some of the finest country for stock raising and grazing purposes in the island. Rising far up in the northern interior of the parish, tumbling down through the gorges there until it reaches the plain and then sluggishly creeping through the morass, comes the Black River. The stream is navigable for lighters for nearly 3 ) miles of its course and forms a valuable highway for the con- veyance of the produce of the upper parts of the parish to the sea, while goods are conveyed by the same means from the seaport to the interior. The Grosmond and Y. S. tributaries have been opened up. The river abounds with alligators : while in it as in the less important streams which flow through the morass, fish are plen- tiful. The morass itself affords a fair supply of land turtle. The savannahs deserve some notice. In dry weather they are huge brown wastes, but after rain no land recovers more quickly or is more wonderfully fertile. The well-being of the inhabitants of these districts therefore depends more directly than elsewhere on the rainfall. St. Elizabeth is the largest corn-producing parish in the island, most of it being grown on the savannahs, where, in good seasons, the yield is very large. During January and February and again in August the price is usually down to 2/6 per bushel, and an “old inhabitant” informed the writer that he had known the time when corn could be purchased in quantities at 1/6 per bushel. Large quantities are shipped to Kingston—"received from Black River -bags fresh country corn" being a familiar advertisement in the Kingston news- papers. Parts of the savannahs are also famous for horses. These are raised prin- cipally by settlers, some of whom possess beautiful specimens of the stud horse and brood mare. The abundance of corn naturally enables the owners to feed their stock well, and they declare that there is a peculiarly nutritive property in their savannah grass, which renders it superior to any other for horses. The lowlands of St. Elizabeth boast of such properties as Hodges Pen, Giluock, Font Hill, Pepper, Longhill, Goshen and Friendship : these and many others being famous for the quality of their cattle and horses. The live stock in the parish may be stated at 12,200 horned stock, 4,800 horsekind and 1,000 sheep. St. Elizabeth produces sugar, rum, pimento, coffee, logwood, ginger and tobacco, besides the minor products. Some districts are particularly well adapted for thé cultivation of ground provisions, of which there is usually a good supply throughout the parish, there are 6,423 acres in cultivation. The sugar estates produced in 1891-92 1,176 hogsheads of sugar and 607 puncheons of rum. The coffee crop was 6,000 cwt. 388 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. At Santa Cruz there is a well organized and admirably conducted Alms House, with an Infirmary attached. The wards are well worth a visit and the entire insti. tution is a model of what such an establishment should be. Poor relief is also afforded to some extent on the out-door system. The parish is traversed in all directions by excellent roads and these are being still further improved. One hun- dred and ten miles of Paroohial Roads have been transferred to the Public Works Department under Law 17 of 1890, thus leaving a larger amount of local fands for the improvement and maintenance of the roads which still remain in the care of the parochial authorities. St. Elizabeth is divided for the purposes of the paro- chial elections into six divisions, returning 15 members to the Parochial Board A Circuit Court is held at Black River three times a year. Resident Magistrates' Courts are held at Black River, Santa Cruz and Malvern ; and Petty Sessions Courts at Black River, Cheltenham, Lacovia, Malvern, Santa Cruz and Balaclava. MANCHESTER. Manchester was separated from the adjoining parishes of St. Elizabeth and Claren- don in 1814, and was named after the Duke of Manchester who was Governor of the island at the time. Mandeville is the chief town and is one of the prettiest towns in the island. Its situation on the top of a mountain 2,200 feet above sea level is very picturesque and the tidiness and cleanliness in which the buildings are kept are remarkable. It is in a central part of the parish and contains an Episcopal Church, a Wesleyan Chapel, a Chapel belonging to the London Missionary Society, a Baptist Chapel, a Free School, à Court House, a Constabulary Station, and a Public General Hospital. The lands were originally divided by the Parochial Au. thorities into half acre lots and sold at an average of £50 a lot. The first settlers found very great inconvenience in dry weather from the want of water, but public tanks have since been erected and the supply of water is now ample and good. Very comfortable accommodation is to be found at Miss Roy's, Mrs. Halliday's and Mrs. Senior's lodgings and at Brook's Hotel. A Club is established in the town. Mandeville is becoming very much frequent as a winter resort for visitors from Great Britain, Canada, and the United States. The climate is salubrious and the temperature ranges from 70° to 75° in the day time to 48° to 54 at nights. Porus is a populous village where a brisk trade is carried on; it contains an Epis- copal Church, a Baptist Chapel and a fine Chapel of the London Missionary Society, a Constabulary Station, &c. This was the terminal station of the Jamaica Govern- ment Railway; the extension to Montego Bay is now in course of construction. There are other villages in Manchester, such as Newport, Victoria Town, Barracks and Devon, but they are not of much commercial importance. A fine building com. prising Court House and Police Station has been completed at Porus, also at “The Cottage,” Mile Gully. There are four Railway Stations in the Parish : Porus, Williamsfield, Kendal and Green Vale. The nearest station to Mandeville is Williamsfield, four miles distant; there are two trains to and from Kingston daily. The Manchester orange has obtained a name in the American markets for its size and flavour and is exported to a considerable extent. The climate of the Manchester hills is very salubrious. The principal products of the parish are coffee and pimento, but ginger is cultivated to some extent. The total number of acres under cultivation is 15,600, of which 8,252 are in ground provisions. There are 8,744 acres in Guinea grass, 24,045 in common pasture, 3,082 in common pasture and pimento, and 86,420 in wood and ruinate, The number of acres under cultivation in the principal product, namely, coffee, is 6,970. The coffee crop in 1891-92 amounted to 2,000 cwts. There are no sugar estates in the parish but grazing pens are numerous on which fine cattle and blood horses are largely reared. The cattle and live stock on the pens may be set down at 5,100 cattle, 1,240 horsekind and 400 sheep. According to the Census of 1891 the population of the parish is 55,462 ; 27,173 males and 28,289 females. This shows an increase of 7,004 since 1881, when the population was 48,458. Males have increased by 3,551, and females by 3,453. The area of the parish is 310 square miles and the population to each square mile is 178. THB PARISHES. 389 The inhabitants are regarded as being among the most prosperous in the island. The parish is abundantly supplied with good schools for the peasantry; it has also a Normal Moravian Training College for male teachers. The parish is divided for the purposes of the parochial elections into 3 divisions, returning 15 members to the Parochial Board. A Circuit Court is held at Mandeville three times a year. Resident Magistrates' Courts are held at Mandeville, Porus, Lincoln, Wigton and Cottage. Petty Ses- sions Courts are held at Mandeville, Wigton, Cottage, Porus and Lincoln. CLARENDON. This parish was named in honour of a celebrated Lord Chancellor of England. It is one of the largest parishes of the island, and for electoral and revenue purposes is divided into three Districts, Upper, Middle and Lower. The principal towns or villages in the Upper District are Chapelton, Rock River and Frankfield; in the Middle District, May Pen, Four Paths and Hayes; and in the Vore or Lower District, the Alley, and the Rest, or Milk River Village. The ship- ping ports and wharves are at Salt River, Carlisle Bay and Milk River, Chapelton is a town of considerable commercial importance and a very brisk trade in coffee is carried on there, during the coffee season. A few years ago large quantities of sugar, cultivated by small settlers, cured in barrels, used to be sold in Chapelton, but that trade considerably declined during the recent years of depression in the sugar market. On better prices being obtained, however, the peasantry imme- diately resumed the use of the small sugar mills (commonly called “ John Crow Mills" from the number of stock formerly killed in working them and devoured by the John Crows) To enable them to do this the owners of these mills had to submit to their being inspected and certified in terms of “ The Prevention of Acci. dents at Sugar Mills Law," which was passed in 1888. Many of the settlers in this District have recently bought and erected Chattanoga Iron Mills (first brought to the island at the Exhibition in 1891) and they find them to work most satisfac- torily and save a great deal in labour. Altogether there are about 800 small sugar mills in Clarendon, of which over 600 are in the Upper District. Chapelton contains an Episcopal Church, St. Paul's; an Independent Chapel, Sa- lem, in connection with the London Missionary Society; a small Presbyterian Church recently built; a Court House, (containing offices of an Assistant Collector of Taxes, and a Deputy Clerk of the Courts, both stationed in Chapelton) Constabulary Bar- racks, and Inspectors Quarters, a Public General Hospital, Public Works Office and Store, a Poor House, a large covered Market, Post and Telegraph Office, and several large stores. The population of Chapelton is about 900. It stands on a small hill which is naturally drained on every side, and is remarkably healthy, as indeed are un- doubtedly the whole of Upper Clarendon, and the Clarendon mountains. Rock River is a small village about five miles to the east of Chapelton, near a sugar estate of thc same name, and contains a Constabulary Station and a few shops. Frankfield is an important village 12 miles to the north-west of Chapelton on a good driving road, and is the centre of a large and flourishing agricultural district. In the village is a new Church, a Post Office, a dispensary regularly attended by the D.M.O. from Chapelton, and several shops. Trout Hall, a large bauana and tobacco plantation is in this District. May Pen, or Lime Savannah, is a rising village which a few years ago was not in existence. It is the most important Railway Station on the line between Spanish Town and Balaclava and collects the traffic of a large part of the valley of the Rio Minho. Close to the station the river (here called the Dry River from the fact of its bed being dry for the greater part of the year) is spanned by a handsome lattice girder bridge, used for both road and railway. May Pen has been fixed as the head sta- tion of the parish, under Law 20 of 1867, and in the Court House are the Courts' Office, Collectorate and Parochial Offices, the Public Works and Constabulary Offices having been recently removed to Chapelton. There is a large Public General Hospital, a Police Station, an Iron Market, and a Post and Telegraph Office. A large trade in logwood has been carried on for some years. Four Paths is situated on the main road about four miles west of May Pon. There 390 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA, is a Railway Station in its immediate vicinity. The trade of the place has much fallen off of late years. It has a Public Market, Constabulary Station, and a Post Office. Hayes is an uninteresting small village about seven miles south of May Pen, built on a savannah of the same. It would be difficult to account for its existence on so arid and unproductive a site, but it has nevertheless a substantial Public Market, generally well attended and supplied, a Constabulary Station, Post Office, and nu- merous small stores. The water supply has been recently improved at the instance of the Parochial Board by the erection of a force pump in the only available well in the locality. The Rest or Milk River Village, is reached by an excellent level road, a branch from the main road between Four Paths and Porus, or from Clarendon Park Station a distance of 10 or 11 miles. The village has several good stores, a Post and Tele- graph Office, and a Constabulary Station. A Resident Magistrate's Court is now held there once a month. The Milk River is navigable for lighters for four or five miles up the river. The Custom House and several wharves are on the banks of the river. A large business in logwood and other produce is done there. The river used to abound in alligators but the constant passage of boats has made them scarce. The Milk River Bath (of which an account is given in another part of this Handbook) stands on the west bank of the river about three miles from the Rest Village. The bath is supplied by a warm spring highly beneficial in cases of rheumatism, and many other diseases. The Alley, which was formerly the capital of the parish of Vere (now incorporated with Clarendon) is a small village on the banks of the Rio Minho and is rendered of some importance from the fact of its being in the immediate proximity to a large number of sugar estates. In this District may be seen some of the finest cane cul- tivation in the island, the estate of Money Musk, Amity Hall, Bog, Morland, Hill- side, etc., having very large acreages in canes, while they have also all the latest and most improved machinery and appliances for the manufacture of sugar and rum. The village contains a Court House, (with a Sub-Collectorate), Constabulary Sta. tion, a Post and Telegraph Office; and in the vicinity are a large Public General Hospital and Poor House. The Parochial Board has recently imported a new Iron Market which has been erected on a good site, to replace the former inferior accommodation. Carlisle Bay is noted as being the spot where the colonial militia met the French under DuCasse in 1694 and after three days' gallant resistance drove them to their ships with a loss of 700 men. The invaders had already for nearly a month plun- dered and destroyed the sea-side plantations and murdered or kidnapped the gentry and their slaves. Bridges states that “this was the most formidable attack which was ever made upon the shores of Jamaica." Sawkins says in his report on the Geology of Jamaica : “ The geology of this parish is perhaps more interesting than that of any in the island. The Clarendon mines at Charing Cross and Stanford Hill afford a nearer approach to true lodes or mineral veins than any of the other metalliferous deposits of Jamaica.” A main road has recently been made from Chapelton to Cave Valley in St. Ann's, and under the provisions of Law 17 of 1890, the Public Works Department has taken over and reconstructed some 90 miles of the most important of the old paro- chial roads, thus making wheeled traffic possible to nearly every District of the parish. The Bull Head, rising to a height of 3,600 feet or thereabouts and situated near its northern limit, is the highest land in the parish. This mountain is as nearly as possible the centre of the island and is a conspicuous object to vessels making the island from the south. The ascent is easy and the view from it on a clear day mag- nificent. It commands the entire parish; to the north lies the parish of St. Ann; to the west the Manchester hills, and eastward an uninterrupted prospect to the Blue Mountain Peak. The climate of Upper Clarendon including the Mocho Mountains is unsurpassed in the island, with fairly good roads and the scenery is beautiful. The prosperity of the parish generally has suffered and is suffering from the aban- donment of sugar estates, over thirty having reverted to bush in the upper district THE PARISHES. 391 within the past generation, while nearly every year the number decreases on the seaboard. In 1837 there were 69 sugar estates in full working order in the parish (including the district of Vere), and in addition there were then 38 coffee plantations. There are now but 17 sugar estates in the parish, on which 1,375 hogsheads of sugar and 1,350 puncheons of rum and 8,049 cwt. of coffee were produced last year. A fine tobacco plantation was for some years worked principally by Cubans at Morgan's Valley, near Chapelton, once the property of Sir Henry Morgan, who settled it and called it after his own name, but it was abandoned some years ago. Several indigo walks were established in the Vere district by the early English set- tlers, but they had to be abandoned in consequence of the heavy import duty which was levied on the article in the English market. 50,000 cwts. of indigo per annum were produced from these indigo plantations. The total number of acres under cultivatition is 19,935 of which 5,432 are in sugar canes, 2,967 in coffee, and 10,830 are in ground provisions ; 6,001 acres are in Guinea grass, 23,101 in common pasture and 176,947 in wood and ruinate. The cattle may be set down at 6,798, the horsekind at 2,210 and the sheep at 350. According to the census of 1891 the population of the parish was 57,105; 28,338 males and 28,767 females. The increase during the past decennial period has been 7,260—made up of 3,158 males and 4,102 females. The area of the parish is 467 square miles and the population to each square mile is 122. A Circuit Court is held at May Pen three times a year. Resident Magistrates and Petty Sessions Courts are held at the Alley, May Pen, Chapelton and Milk River. The parish returns a member to the Legislative Council, and is divided into three divisions for purposes of parochial elections, returning 14 members to the Parochial Board, which meets at May Pen monthly. ST. CATHERINE. This parish derived its name from the Queen of Charles II. It consists of what before the passing of Law 20 of 1867 constituted the parishes of St. Catherine, St. Dorothy, St. John and St. Thomas-in-the-Vale. The chief towns and villages are Spanish Town, Old Harbour and Linstead. Spanish Town, or Saint Jago de la Vega, was the ancient capital of the island. It is situated on the banks of the Rio Cobre, from which it derives its water supply. Amongst the more important public buildings are the old King's House, the official residence of former Governors of the island, the building formerly used for the Assembly and Legislative Council, the Court House, the Record Office, the Registrar General's Office, the Middlesex and Surrey County Gaol, the St. Cathe- rine District Prison, the Lopers' Home and the Constabulary Depôt Buildings. There are two Episcopal Churches, namely, the Cathedral Church, dedicated to St. Katherine, and Trinity Chapel. The former was the Spanish Red Cross Church of St. Peter. The mortal remains of many of the Governors of Jamaica and of their wives and of the more eminent early settlers of the colony are interred within the Church or in the Churchyard attached. The town also contains a Roman Catholic Church, and Chapels attached to the Wesleyan and Baptist bodies; commodious mar- kets, opened by Sir Anthony Musgrave on the 19th of March, 1880; an Alms House and a Public General Hospital, Smiths and Beckford's Middle Grade School, partly endowed. There are also a Town Hall, in which there is a stage for dramatic repre- sentations, and a Billiard Club; and there has recently been established an excellent hotel known as the “Hotel Rio Cobre.” At this town the railroad from the north and west meet. Among the antiquities of the town may be noted the marble statue of Lord Rodney, by Bacon, and the two large brass guns which were captured by the Admiral in 1781 from the French fleet under Count de Grasse ; the “ Eagle House," once surrounded by a moat, and formerly the residence of the Earl of Inchiquin when Governor of Jamaica ; a tamarind tree in the grounds of the Infant School, which local tradition points out as that under which Colonels Tyson and Raymond were shot for mutiny, and the foundations of the old Spanish White Cross Church and of the Convent attached to it, which may still be traced in the street named thereafter. Old Harbour Market contains a Court House, an Episcopal Church, a Wesleyan 392 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. Chapel and a Public Market. About a mile from the town stands the old Parish Church, built by the earlier English settlers, in one of the aisles of which is a slab which tells that the person commemorated came to the island with Penn and Venables. The town has lately been supplied with water from a river six miles off, the want of water had long been an obstacle to the success of the place. The Ludford Endowed School is also here. Old Harbour Bay was formerly called “ Esquivel," after the Spanish Governor of that name, who established it as a ship-building port. It possesses a fine harbour studded with little low cays and rocky islets. "This noble Bay, when Columbus discovered it, was inhabited by thousands of Indians, the most intelligent and the most civilized of all the aborigines of the Antilles that he had seen."* The port has been reopened and a fair amount of business is done there. There is an Episco- pal Church and also a Baptist Chapel in the town. Linstead, which is situated in the centre of an almost circular hollow, shut in by mountains, is a thriving and increasing township. It contains a Court House, a Wesleyan Chapel, a Public General Hospital, Alms House and many fine stores. An Episcopal Church and a Baptist Chapel are in the vicinity. The recent Railway Extension to this place is developing the great resources of the surrounding country and rendering it one of the most important trading centres in the island. The ap- proach to Linstead from Spanish Town by the driving road is through what is called the “ Bog Walk," one of the finest bits of scenery in the island. “A torrent gushing in misty depths and fighting its downward course among scattered rocks, the narror. ness of the long ravine or den through which it rushes, and the steepuess and lofti- ness of the precipices on either side, with the richness and variety of tropical vegeta- tion growing in all the exuberance of its foliage on every spot where a plant can rest -these features unite in imparting to the scene all the imposing effect of blending beauty and grandeur.”+ The Episcopal Church near Linstead has become historical from the circumstance of all the public records having been deposited there under a militia guard during the period of the anticipated French invasion of 1805. Six miles from Spanish Town to the south-east is Passage Fort, the landing place of the English conquerors, and the place where the Rio Cobre empties itself into the sea. It was once a port of some importance and was connected with Spanish Town (then the seat of Government) by a line of stage-coaches; it is now a fishing village, with but few houses, the principal building being a small Chapel belonging to the Baptist denomination. About four miles from Passage Fort and six from Spanish Town lies the sea-side village of Port Henderson, which was once a place of considerable resort for change of air. It contains a mineral spring which is enclosed as a bath. The buildings have lately been repaired by Mr. R. H. B. Hotchkin, the lessee, and comfortable accommodation is now available for visitors. There is a main road between Spanish Town and this place. In the immediate neighbourhood are the Apostles' Battery, which has been restored by the Imperial authorities, and the quarantine station (of which a full account is given in another part of this work). On the hill at the back of the lodg- ings is Rodney's Look-out, from which the Admiral kept watch over the adjacent sea. On the grounds of the quarantine station (Green Bay) there is still the tomb of Lewis Galdy, who was “miraculously saved” from the earthquake of 1692. I Between Port Henderson and Passage Fort (on the seaward) is Fort Augusta, which was once a military station, and where all ammunition and other combustible mate- rials must be deposited by vessels proceeding to Kingston. The fort was planned by Captain Knowles (afterwards Governor of the island) for the protection of Kingston. There are many grazing pens in the plains of St. Catherine which are remunera- tively managed as sheep and cattle farms; and the salt ponds district (lying between Spanish Town, Port Henderson and Passage Fort) is noted for the excellent quality of its mutton, and for the fine fish taken from the large salt pond, especially the well known" calipeva." The inhabitants of Spanish Town were formerly supplied with salt to the extent of 5,000 bushels a year from the pond referred to. The principal products of the parish are sugar, rum, coffee, bananas, oranges, corn, tobacco, cocoas, grass and milk. The Rio Cobre Canal which irrigates the St. Cathe- .* Quae. | King Seo page 371 (Port Royal). PAROCHIAL BOARDS. 393 rine's plain has proved a boon to the inhabitants in rendering profitable the culti- vation of bananas and other fruits and various kinds of cereals. The canal also irri- gates the fine sugar estates, Ewing Caymanas, Cherry Garden, and Bushy Park and several pens. The other sugar estates of the parish are located principally in the St. Thomas-in-the-Vale district of which Linstead is the centre. Centrifugal machinery is used on nearly all of the sugar estates with great success. The total crop of 1891 was 2,621 hogsheads sugar and 2,120 puncheons rum. The number of acres of land in cultivation in this parish is 17,599 ; 3,169 in sugar canes, 1,468 in coffee, 57 in tobacco, 202 in cocoa, 11,416 in ground provisions ; 14,602 are in Guinea grass, 30,805 acres in common pasture, and 148,975 in wood and ruinate. The cattle may be set down at 9,600, the horsekind 1,309, and the sheep 3,800. According to the Census of 1891 the population of the parish is 65,509, of whom 31,738 are males and 33,771 are females. The increase since the Census of 1881 has been 1,766 males and 2,633 females, or 4,399 in all. The area in square miles is 450 and the population to each square mile 135. The rum duties received in 1890-91 amounted to £12,929. The parish is divided for the purposes of the parochial elections into 4 divisions, returning 15 members to the Parochial Board. A Circuit Court is held at Spanish Town three times a year. Resident Magis- trates' Courts and Courts of Petty Sessions are held at Spanish Town, Old Harbour, Linstead and Aylmers. PAROCHIAL BOARDS. On the introduction of Crown Government into Jamaica and the consequent aboli- tion of the political franchise, it became necessary to provide for the discharge of the duties hitherto performed by the elected Boards and Corporations. Law 8 of 1866 was therefore passed by the Legislative Council and assented to by the Queen as a part of the new constitutional arrangements of the colony. By this law the Governor was authorized annually to appoint Municipal Boards and Road Boards to take the place of the elected Vestries and the old Commissioners of Highways and Bridges ; and also to appoint Churchwardens instead of the elected Church wardens. But under Law 30 of 1881 the Governor might cease to appoint Church wardens for any parish in which all the Churches of the Communion of the Church of England have become vested in the Incorporated Lay Body created by Law 30 of 1870 for the disestablishment of the Church of England in Jamaica. Since the recent change in the Constitution of the Legislative Council the Muni. cipal Boards and the Road Boards have been abolished and a single Parochial Board has been established in each parish consisting of the person representing the Electoral District in the Legislative Council, the Custos of the parish, and from 13 to 18 persons elected by the taxpayers who are qualified to vote at elections for members of the Legislative Council. In Kingston the corporate name of the Board is the “Mayor and Council of Kingston;" the Chairman of the Board is styled “Mayor of Kingston” and the members are called “ Councillors.” The Parochial Boards manage all the local affairs that have hitherto been in the hands of the Municipal and Road Boards. This change was effected by Law 16 of 1885. Below are given the names of the members constituting the City Council of Kingston and the several Parochial Boards at the present time. CITY COUNCIL OF KINGSTON. Mayor-His Worship James Ogilvie. Vice-Chairman-C. T. Burton, Esq. David Brandon James Callender J. W. Kerr W. B. Hannan James Alexander Wales Walter de Beltgens Hodge Daniel Phillip Nathan Henry Delgado S. H. Watson George Ffrench, Esqs. Clerk to City Council-Cyril Thompson Salary £312 Assistant Clerk to City Council_Wm. O'Reilly Fogarty " 200 Third Clerk to City Council, Charles E. Wright Clerk of Committees—R. F. McGann City Surveyor-C. V. Abrahams AA 140 100 300 394 HANDBOOK OP JAMAICA. 6 CITY COUNCIL OF KINGSTON, continued. Commissioner of Health-John Hoyes Salary £150 Inspector of Nuisances—J. C. Johnson Ditto J. W. Campbell Ditto Edward Rodriques 75 Ditto, Port Royal-James DaCosta 42 Inspector of Poor-H. J. R. Grey 120 Allowance for visiting paupers 25 Superintendent May Pen Cemetery-William McCormack 1 132 Superintendent Fire Brigade-F. G. Sale 200* Chief Officer Fire Brigade-J. E. Gad paille 90 Clerk Market, Port Royal-James Da Costa 42+ Poundkeeper-Edward W. Purcell-Fees. PAROCHIAL BOARDS. PARISH OF ST. ANDREW. Chairman, The Hon. George Stiebel, C.M.G. Vice-Chairman-John McLean, Esq. The Honourable C. J. Ward, C.M.G., as Member of the Legislative Council for Kingston and St. Andrew. Liguanea (or No. 1 Division). Hon. George Stiebel, C.M.G. Jos. Burrow P. L. Rousseau T. J. Curphy B. Bolton, Esqs. St. Christopher and St. James (or No. 2 Division), Rev. J. Versey R. H. Goffe M. Josephs R. C. Quarrell, Esqs. Rev. Carey B. Berry. St. Joseph, Dallas and Metcalfe (or No. 3 Division). S. H. Watson John McLean W.G. Thomson Joseph English J. Smicle, Esqs. Clerk-R. A. Williams Salary £250 Assistant Clerk-Cecil Gray 40 Inspector of Poor-Cecil Gray Clerk Kingston and St. Andrew's Union Poor House R. A. Williams Inspector of Nuisances-D. A. Campbell Inspector of Nuisances, Liguanea-E. A. Brown Poundkeeper, Lowland-J. H. Piper Ditto Sans Souci-C. A. Smith-Collections, less expenses. Ditto Guava Ridge-P. Jackson ditto. Superintendent of Roads and Works–S. W. Mais Salary Clerk Halfway-Tree Market-M. Lennan Assistant Superintendents of Roads- J. S. Powell, St. Christophers A. Linton, St. James C. Hercules Davis, St. Joseph Jas. Lowe, Dallas R. S. Henry, Metcalfe Keeper of Weights and Measures-A. H. Quallo PARISH OF ST. THOMAS. Chairman-Charles H. Levy, Esq. Vice-C'hairman, W. A. Henderson, Esq. The Honourable William Andrews, as Member of the Legislative Council for St. Thomas and Portland With residence. The Clorks of the Victoria and Jubilee Markets are appointed by the Kingston Market Commissioners, 100 PAROCHIAL BOARDS. 396 ST. THOMAS, continued. Bath and Plantain Garden River. James Thompson A. E. Hollis Fred. A. Rogers, Esqs. Morant. M. J. Crosser W. F. Harrison W. A. Henderson, Esqs. Blue Mountain Valley. John P. Brown W. A. R. Carr Charles Hope Lovy, Esqs. Upper St. David. Wm. Rankin Josiah Smicle, Esqs. Rev, H. F. Humphrey. Lower St. David. W. C. Porter Revd. M. B. Campbell James H. Cathcart, Esqs. Clerk-Fred. H. Hawkins Salary £250 Asst. Clerk-St. John G. B. Hepburn 72 Registrar of Births and Deaths-Fred. H. Hawkins Fees, about 30 Deputy Registrar of Births and Deaths-St. John G. B. Hepburn-Fees. Superintendent Registrar of Marriages-Fred. H. Hawking-Fees. Inspector of Poor-Fred. H. Hawkins, Central District Salary Asst. Inspector of Poor-D. E. D. Bates, Eastern do. 25 Ditto ditto Leslie Turner, Western do. Resident Master Morant Bay Poor House-A. E. McKenzie Supt. Parochial Roads and Works—Charlton Thompson " Asst. Supt. Parochial Roads-C. J. Paterson Ditto Ditto Leslie Turner Supt. Morant Bay Water Works-Charlton Thompson Turncock ditto ditto S. A. Ross Clerk of Market, Morant Bay-Richard E. Hearne Keeper of Standard Weights and Measures-G. B. Pilliner, Salary Keeper of Town Clock, Morant Bay-St. John G. B. Hepburn“ Ditto ditto Golden Grove-S. J. Cruickshank Poundkeeper, Morant Bay-Berthie Mitchell Ditto Blue Mountain Valley-Jas. F. Anderson " Ditto Easington-Isabella F. McLean Ditto Bath-Mary Jane Donaldson Ditto Port Morant-Matilda Watson Ditto Dalvey-Ann Walton Ditto Yallahs—Elizabeth Noel 25 60 250 100 50 ORT PARISH OF PORTLAND. Chairman-P. A. Moodie, Esq. Vice-Chairman-Rev. W. J. Dewdney. The Honourable William Andrews, as Member of the Legislative Council for St. Thomas and Portland. Manchioneal. David Bolt F. A. Jenoure, Esqs. Old Parish of Portland. Peter A. Moodie C. W. Burke H. P. Deans James Patterson J. A. Fuller Wm. Watson, Esqs Old Parish of St. George. Joseph E. Welsh Robt. Russell Thos. Paulwell, Esqs. T. C. Geddes, Esqs. Rev. Augustus Cole Rev. W. J. Dewdney Clerk-Hy. Attride Salary £200 AA 2 PAROCHIAL BOARDS. 397 £12 St. Mary, continued. Sub-Inspector of Poor, Bagnolds—T. Grant Salary Ditto Richmond-J. White Ditto Annotto Bay-L. Rochester Keeper of Port Maria Cemetery-É. Absalom - Bay Cemetery-W. Henry Keeper of Weights and Measures—C.M. Calder PARISH OF ST. ANN. Chairman-C. W. Steer, Esq. Vice-Chairman-A. N. Dixon, Esq. The Honourable J. H. Levy, as Member of the Legislative Council for St. Ann and St. Mary. Ocho Rios. E. H. Harrison T. B. Scott, Esqs. Moneague and Pedro. A. N. Sutherland C. W. Steer F. B. Sturridge Hamilton Brown, Esqs. St Ann's Bay. Rev. George House A. N. Dixon Rev. John Duff J. A. Miller, Esqs. Brown's Town, Dry Harbour Mountain and Dry Harbour. A. S. Byles Rev. S. L. Lindo C. P. Delgado, Esqs. Hon. J. H. Levy. Dr. W. H. Miller. Clerk-W. G. Nunes Salary £230 Clerk Water Commissioners-W. G. Nunes Inspector of Poor-W. G. Nunes 60 Registrar of Births and Deaths—W. G. Nunes Foos. Superintendent Registrar of Marriages—W. G. Nunes Assistant Clerk of Parochial Board--E. N. Steele Salary Inspector of Nuisances St. Ann's Bay-T. H. Smith Ditto Brown's Town-Thos. Miller Ditto Ocho Rios—A. C. Mosquita Assistant Inspector of Poor, Moneague, Pedro, and Claremont-A. C. Green Assistant Inspector of Poor, Brown's Town and Dry Harbour-A. C. DeLisser Ditto Dry Harbour Mountains A. M. Atherton Ditto Ocho Rios-A. C. Mosquita “ Poundkeeper, St. Ann's Bay-Alice Brown Ditto - Brown's Town-Caroline Miller Ditto Moneague-Saml. Rose Ditto Ocho Rios-H. J. Wilmot Ditto Dry Harbour_W. J. Nash Ditto Alexandria-C. D. Arscott Ditto Claremont-H. Helwig Clerk of Market, St. Ann's Bay–J. O. Clarke Salary Ditto Brown's Town-Wm. Brown Ditto Moneague-Saml. Rose Ditto Claremont-C. B. Atterbury Ditto Ocho Rios— Wm. Shaw Superintendent of Water Works & Keeper of Fire Engine- S. J. Woolaston Supt. of Parochial Roads and Works—R. F. Perkins 260 Keoper of Weights and Measures--A. V. Kingdon Master of Poor House-E, M. Cresser 60 Fees. 60 398 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA, PARISH OF TRELAWNY. Chairman-L. O. Shirley, Esq. Vice-Chairman-H. J. Kerr, Esq. The Honourable W. Bourke, as Member Legislative Council for Trelawny and St. James. The Honourable J. Wauchope Fisher, Custos. Falmouth. J. W. Henry Henry Carvalho, H. E. Reuben J. R. Young, Esqs. Clark's Town. L. C. Shirley, Esq. G. P. Dowar Rev. J. J. Steele Jos. Shearer, Esqs. Ulster Spring. Conway Whiting J. H. Hall, Esqs. J. W. Brandt Rev. W. M. Webb. Good Hope. J. Irving A. M. Solomon H. J. Kerr, Esqs. Clerk--Harvey M. Rowe Salary £150 Clerk Pilotage Board-H. M. Rowe Registrar Births and Deaths-H. M. Rowe Keeper Fire Engine-F. Wortley Keeper Town Clock-J. R. Leon Keeper Falmouth Cemetery-A. Johnson Keeper Falmouth Court House—Sarah Gilbourne Keeper Hampshire Court House-Susan Taylor Keeper Weights and Measures—L. J. Preston Poundkeeper, Falmouth-F. G. Anderson Ditto' Duncans-Mrs. Margaret Laing Ditto Stewart Town-W. Kennedy Fees. Ditto Sawyers-D. Kerr. Ditto Ulster Spring-J. E. Neita Inspector of Nuisances -F. G. Anderson Supt. Parochial Roads and Works, L. A. Morris PARISH OF ST. JAMES. Chairman-Hon. William Kerr. Vice-Chairman–J. W. Parkin, Esq. The Honourable W. Bourke, as Member Legislative Council for Trelawny and St. James. Montego Bay. C. B. Gourzong E. Turnbull Benj. Scott J. W. Parkin Samuel Hart, Esqs. Marley and Rose Hall. G. Robertson J. W. Grieg, Esqs. D. C. Grant Rev. Q. R. Noble. Springfield. J. A. Roper, Esq. Rov. W. N. Brown. Montpelier and Belfont. Rev. R. Gordon Rev. E. J. Howett Eugene Wittingham, Esq. Clerk-R. P. Collymore £150 Clerk Pilotage and Harbour Board-R. P. Collymore Inspector of Pounds—R. P. Collymore Allowance Keeper Town Clock-D. A. Corinaldi Keeper of Creek-J. W. Manderson Clerk Albert Market-A. M. Derby Poundkeeper, Montego Bay-F. E. Smith Keeper of Weights and Measures-J. C. Humber Salary 60 Salary PAROCHIAL BOARDS. 399 ST, JAMES, continued. Poundkooper, Adelphi-Benjamin Lowe Ditto "Montpelier-Edward Mowatt { Two-thirds of proceeds. Ditto Spring Mount-C.S. Brown Ditto Little River-R. A. Gallimore ) Matron Alms HouseMrs. M. Levy Salary £48 Matron Lazaretto-Mrs. J. Johnson 20 168 Inspector of Poor-S. D. Langshaw Superintendent Roads and Works-R. R. Stamers 250 120 Salary PARISH OF HANOVER. Chairman-W. S. Noad, Esq. Vice-Chairman-C. A. Rerrie, Esq. The Honourable Charles Salmon Farquharson, as Member Legislative Council for Westmoreland and Hanover. Francis Dod, Esq., as Resident Senior Magistrate filling the place of Custos No. 1 Division. Rev. J. H. Gayle M. S. Strickland George W. Kinnimouth, Esqs. No. 2 Division. C. A. Rerrie J. E. Henry R. R. Haughton W. S. Campbell Wm. Buchanan Hugh Sanftleben, Esqs. No. 3 Division. R. J. Clarke W. S. Noad James Hart J. M. Wallace, Esq8. Clark-John Allwood £150 Superintendent Roads and Works—A. C. Bancroft 250 Inspector of Poor-John A. Levy Assistant Inspector-John N. Rankine Assistant Inspector-Hugh C. Clarke Master and Dispenser, Poor House H. T. Bunsie Keeper Weights and Measures-Rudolph Lewis Keeper Fire Engines -J. R. Walton Keeper Lucea Court House-Jane A. Levy Ditto Green Island do.-Margaret Forrest Ditto Sandy Bay do.-Anna Johnson Ditto Miles Town do.-Janet Stewart Ditto Latrines and Lock-ups-Ellen Clarke Clerk Lucea Market-Henry Lyon Cleaner do. and Latrino-Ellen Clarke Clerk Green Island Market-Joseph Vernon Cleaner do. do. do. Keeper Town Clock-Fred. Williams Ditto Chandeliers-D. B. Connell Inspector of Nuisances, Lucea--P. J. Lyon Ditto do. Green Island-J. 0. Dickens Scavenger, Lucea-A. Fearon Ditto Green Island—John James Poundkeeper, Lucea-J. R. Walton Ditto Green Island-J. Drummond Two-thirds of pro- Ditto Ramble-Hugh Kirkwood ceeds. Ditto Flint River— Vacant PARISH OF WESTMORELAND. Chairman-Joseph Swaby Segré, Esq. Vice-Chairman-Rov. Philip Williams, PAROCHIAL BOARDS. 401 Salary 60 ST. ELIZABETH, continued. Clerk of the Black River Market-F. B. Bowen Inspector of Poor-F. B. Bowen Assistant Inspector of Poor-Ephraim Polack Ditto E. P. Muschett Poundkeeper, Siloah-John Salmon Ditto Lacovia-W. R. Tomlinson Ditto Santa Cruz- Mrs. Harriott Ditto Malvern–Miss Sailman Ditto Black River —Julia Nation Ditto New Market-Henry Ford Keeper of Weights and Measures-F. E. Cole Supt. Parochial Roads and Works-D. M. James Keeper of Fire Engines—A. N. Williams. Two-thirds of proceeds. Salary 200 PARISH OF MANCHESTER. Chairman-Hon. J. P. Clark. Vice-Chairman-R. B. Braham. The Honourable J.P. Clark, as Member of the Legislative Council for Manchester and as Custos of the Parish. Northern. Revd. Wm. Furstenberg E. G. Farquharson Thomas Glanville Robert J. Miller, Esqs. Rev. H. Walder. Central. Robert B. Braham Rov. Chas. A. Wookey J.D. Lewis Rev. S. J. Washington Robert Patterson, Esqs. Southern. Richard W. Miles Carre J. Georges Alex. G. Heron Ralph A, Stewart Alexander C. L. Martin, Esqs. Clerk--Frank H. Bonitto Salary £250 Clerk-Mandeville Market-Frank !. Bonitto Clerk Porus Market-E. Jacobs, jnr. Clerk-Manchester District Schools—Frank H. Bonitto Inspector of Nuisances, Mandeville-Hy. Noble. Inspector of Nuisances, Porus A. C. Findlay Inspector of Poor-Wm. Logan Assistant ditto -Chas . Williamson Ditto ditto - Jas. A. Stewart Superintendent Roads and Works—A. G. Nash Keeper of Weights and Measures-W. G. Clough Keeper of Town Clock-Paul Kaps Cleaner of Parish Lands-Saml. Donaldson Poundkeeper, Mandeville-Ann A. Alexander Ditto Porus-Maria Eastwood Ditto Downs—Sarah V. Nicholls } Fees. Ditto Plowden-Dorothy Durrant Ditto Mile Gully-Chas. Williamson PARISH OF CLARENDON. Chairman-Quintin Logan, Esq. Vice-Chairman-George Turland, Esq. The Honourble George Solomon, as Member of the Legislative Council for Clarendon. George Turland, Esq., as Senior Magistrate filling the place of Custos. 402 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. 250 CLARENDON, continued. Vere. Phillip Henry Rubio George Murray J. P. Welsh Dr. R. C. Gibb. May Pen. George Turland H, E, Upton Geo. Reddish O. F. Nairne, Esqs. Chapelton. William Harty, Esq. A. E. Abrahams Rev. Alexander Eastwood Isaac P. Martin Rev. Geo. Turner W. C. R. Chandler, Esqs. Clerk-J. W. Welsh Salary £250 Superintendent Roads and Works-Jas. Wheeler Kemp Inspector of Poor-J. W. Welsh Assistant Inspector of Poor, Chapelton-A. Delapenha Ditto Vere—A. De la Haye Matron Chapelton Poor House-Jeanette Sutherland Matron Vere Poor House--Rachael Donaldson Poundkeeper, Chapelton-Charlotte Whittle Poundkeeper, May Pen-Alex. Moodie Ditto Vere-James Williams Clerk Chapelton Market-John Thompson Ditto May Pen “ B. E. Simpson Ditto Four Paths" John Beverly Ditto Rest Wm. Rose Ditto Alley Anthony Williams Ditto Hayes Robert Foster Keeper of Weights and Measurers-H. S. Fisher 100 PARISH OF ST. CATHERINE. The Honourable Thomas Lloyd Harvey as Member of the Legislative Council for St. Catherine and as Custos of the Parish. This Board has been dissolved by the Governor and a new Board has not been elected at the time of publication. Clerk-S. Feurtado Salary £200 Assistant Clerk-Jacob A. P. M. Andrade 100 Clerk Spanish Town Market-Nathaniel Wilson Poundkeeper, Old Harbour-Margaret W. Clark Ditto Upper St. Dorothy-Henry Douglas Ditto Linstead—Imogene Davis Ditto Spanish Town-Samuel Hinds Ditto St. John-Henry D. Wilson Fees. Sanitary Inspector, Spanish Town-Jas. Dalhouse Salary Ditto St. Thomas-ye-Vale-C. C. M. L. Knox " Ditto St. Dorothy-T. P. Johnston Supt. of Parochial Roads and Works—Alexander McFarlane Assistant Superintendent of Parochial Roads and Works- St. Catherine-Gerald Abrahams Ditto St. Thomas-ye-Vale-G. J. Evelyn Ditto St. John-George Thomas Ditto ditto D. C. Thompson Ditto St. Dorothy–J. T. Martin Ditto ditto Jos. N. King Ditto and Turncock of the Old Harbour Water Works- David Scott Inspector of Poor for St. Catherine-Charles Deloon PAROCHIAL BOARDS. 403 Salary St. CATHERINE, continued. Assistant Inspector of Poor for St. Thomas-ye-Vale G. J. Evelyn Ditto St. John-George Thomas Ditto St. Dorothy J. T. Martin Master Poor House, Spanish Town-Robert Clunie Matron Spanish Town Poor House-Esther K. Soares Matron Linstead Poor House-Mrs McGaw Keeper of Weights and Measures-J. Riley 26 20 168. The following are the Churchwardens appointed by the Governor for the yoar 1893: KINGSTON_Doctor Izett W. Anderson and Charles Goldie, Esquire. ST. ANDREW—George Henderson, Esquire, and Hon. John T. Orrett. ST. ANN-Joseph Dussard Ormsby and Alfred Noris Dixon, Esquiros. TRELAWNY-L. J. Preston and J. Shearer, Esquires. ST. JAMES-J. E. Kerr and John W. Parkin, Esquires. HANOVER-Rev. C. H. Davis and Frederick Emanuel, Esquire. ST. ELIZABETH-Stephen Charles Peynado and Adolphus N. Williams. Os pilices. CLARENDON-H. P. Rubie and William Harty, Esquires. 404 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. LOCAL RATES. The following are the Rates leviable for the undermentioned purposes for the year 1891-92:- Description of Houses. Poor Rates. Sanitary Parochial Rates. Education y General Rete, Purposes. KINGSTON. Houses of £4 and upwards . Provision ground huts Every other house Gas Rates 8d, in the £ annual value Fire Rates 3d. in the £ annual value £ 8. d. £ 8. d. £ 8. d. £ & d 0 1 6 0 0 7* 100 10 006 0 0 8 0 4 OF 06* 0 0 1 655 0 6 008 0 14 ST. ANDREW. Houses of £4 and upwards. Provision ground huts Every other house ST. THOMAS. Houses of £A and upwards. Provision ground huts Every other house 0 3 0 0 6 008 55 006 0 0 3 0 1 4 f ine PORTLAND, Houses of £4 and upwards. Provision ground huts Every other house ST. MARY. Houses of £4 and upwards. Provision ground huts Every other house ST. ANN. Houses of £4 and upwards. Provision ground huts Every other house 0 0 2 0 0 ŏ 0 0 i 6 8 4 i 0 0 ooo WE 000 0 0 l ore con 0 1 TRELAWNY. Houses of £4 and upwards . Provision ground huts Every other house 0 0 3 0 2 3* 0 0 3 03 04 00 47 0 6 0f 10 0 87 0 0 6 O 08 ooo O i g* 0 0 3* 0 2 47 10 0 47 0 4 80 0 0 87 000 wiem co o ST. JAMES. Houses of £4 and upwards . Provision ground huts Every other house HANOVER. Houses of £A and upwards. Provision ground huts Every other house 000 anco 000 i co WESTMORELAND. Houses of £4 and upwards Provision ground huts Every other house 000 ir: 0 0 6 008 0 1 4 • In the £. Each. LOCAL RATES. 405 Description of Houses. Poor Rates. Sanitary Parochial Education Rates. General | Rate. Purposes. £ 8. d. £ 8. d. £ 8. d. ST. ELIZABETH. Houses of £A and npwards Provision ground huts Every other house HN 990 £ 8. d. 0 0 6 0 0 8 0 1 4 MANCHESTER. 655 0 1 Hoo Houses of £4 and upwards Provision ground huts Every other house CLARENDON. Houses of £A and upwards Provision ground huts Every other house 0 4 2 3* 0 0 2* 0 03 04 0 0 3* 0 6 of 10 ( 3* | 0 0 6 0 0 8 0 1 4 ... 1 Hoo ST, CATHERINE, 0 3* Houses of £4 and upwards Provision ground huts Every other house 0 2 3* 0 0 3* 0 0 3 0f 10 0 64 1 06 07 0 1 of 0 0 0 0 0 1 6 8 4 * In the £. Each. 406 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. PART XI. PUBLIC GARDENS AND PLANTATIONS. This Department has charge of the several establishments included under the title of “Public Gardens and Plantations." These are as under:- 1. The Botanic Garden, Castleton, is situated in the Parish of St. Mary on the Junction Road connecting Kingston with Annotto Bay, nineteen miles from Kingston and ten miles from Annotto Bay. This garden con. tains a large collection of native and foreign tropical plants. The chief features are the palmetum and a collection of economic, spice and fruit trees. (Elevation 580 feet. Annual mean temperature 76.2° Fah. Aver. age annual rainfall 110.01 inch.) 2. The Hill Garden and Government Cinchona Plantation, is situated in the Parish of St. Andrew on the slopes of the Blue Mountains, about 21 miles from Kingston by way of Gordon Town. These plantations were commenced in 1868 by Sir John Peter Grant and now consist of 113 acres under cinchona with smaller areas amounting in all to about 7 acres under tea and nurseries for timber and shade trees. (Elevation 4,500 to 6,300 feet. Annual mean temperature at 4,907 feet, 63° Fah. Average rainfall 105.57 inch.) 3. The Hope Garden, of about 220 acres, is situated near the foot of the hills in the Liguanea Plains, 5 miles from Kingston. It has been deter- mined to make this garden the chief Botanic Garden of the Island. Until lately only about 13 acres were cleared, and of these 7 acres were planted with teak, the remaining six being under cultivation with varieties of sugar cane, nutmeg, cacao, &c. The ground has been to a great extent cleared of bush and trees. The inner portion is being laid out as a Geographical Botanic Garden, but it will take some years before much advance can be perceived. Carriage drives of a total length of more than 2 miles have been laid out in this portion of the garden. There are large nurseries containing about 40,000 plants, such as cocoa, rubber plants, nutmeg, clove, black pepper, mango, vanilla, cardamon, sarsaparilla, cinnamon, Liberian coffee, &c. (Elevation 600 feet. Annual mean temperature 7704 Fah. Average rainfall 52.83 inch.) 4. Kingston Parade Garden is the public pleasure garden of Kingston and is kept up with shade and ornamental trees, flowering plants, tanks and fountains. (Elevation 60 feet. Annual mean temp. 79° Fah. Aver- age rainfall 37.96 inch.) 5. Botanic Garden at Bath is the old Botanic Garden of the colony established in 1774; still maintained for the sake of its valuable trees and palms, though much reduced in size. (Elevation 170 feet. Temp. 78° Fah.) 6. King's House Gardens and Grounds contain about 177 acres, of which about 20 acres are kept up as an ornamental garden attached to the official residence of the Governor. Many valuable economic plants and fruit trees are also under cultivation, as well as the rarer tropical palms. (Elevation 400 feet. Annual mean temp. 78°7 Fah. Average rainfall 49.20 inch.) 7. The Palisadoes Plantation, occupies the long narrow strip of land enclosing Kingston Harbour, about 5 miles long, planted with about 23,000 cocoanut palms. This plantation is now leased. (Annual mean temp 80° Fah. Average rainfall 36.84 inch.) PUBLIC GARDENS. 407 The history of this Department is intimately connected with the various vicissi. tudes through which the island has passed, and since 1774 it has had its periods of depression no less than those of comparative prosperity. Directly and indirectly during the last hundred years the Botanical Department has been the means of introducing and propagating some of the most valuable plants, now the sources of the staple products of the island, and its work in this respect is being strengthened and increased year by year. It is a striking fact that with the exception of pimento" that child of nature" -and a few others of comparatively little value, most of the staple products of the island are derived from exotics or plants introduced from other parts of the globe. While on this subject it will be of interest to notice the simple, accidental, or more often direct influences by means of which valuable seeds and plants have been intro. duced into the island, the more mention of the names of which is sufficient to recall the vast influences they have exerted for good on the welfare and prosperity of the country. The sugar cane though here in the time of the Spaniards was first cultivated by the English, by Sir Thomas Modyford, in 1660 (a); but its most valuable varieties, the Otaheite and Bourbon canes, were introduced in His Majesty's ships by Captain Bligh as late as 1796. Coffee was introduced by Governor Sir Nicholas Lawes in 1718 (6). The mango, brought by Captain Marshall of Lord Rodney's squadron in 1782, was first planted in Mr. East's Botanic Garden (Liguanea), and is now one of the commonest trees in the island (c). The plentiful and free-growing logwood was introduced from Honduras by Dr. Barham, a Botanist, the author of " Hortus Ame- ricanus,” in 1715 (d). The beautiful akee was obtained by Dr. Thomas Clarke, first Island Botanist, from a West African slave ship in 1778 (e). The cinnamon came with the mango in Captain Marshall's ship in 1782, and was distributed from the Bath Garden by Dr. Dancer. The ubiquitous but graceful bamboo is also an exotic, and owes its introduction to Mr. M. Wallen (), who brought it from Hispaniola and first planted it in the Parish of St. Thomas-in-the-East. (9) For the Cherimoyer we are indebted to Mr. Hinton East, who introduced it from South America in 1786 (h); to Mr. East and his magnificent garden we also owe the jasmines and many species of lilies ; many convolvuli ; the oleander; the horse radish treo ; numerous roses ; the trumpet flower; monkey bread; the camellia ; Calla oethiopica ; the weeping willow; the mulberry tree; the arbor vite, and the sweet scented mimosa (i). Dr. Clarke, on his arrival as Island Botanist in 1777, brought with him the jujube tree; and the litchi; the purple dracæna; the sago palm and the valuable camphor tree; at the same time there came the now common “almond” tree; the tea tree, and the “sunn” hemp plant (j). The wanglo or zezegary was sent by Sir Simon Haughton Clarke in 1801 (k). The nutmeg tree, first brought by Lord Rodney in 1782, was re- introduced by Dr. Marter in 1788, together with the clove and black pepper, for which he received the thanks of the House of Assembly and an honorarium of £1,000. The seeds of the valuable and now indispensable Guinea-grass were accidentally introduced from the West Coast of Africa as bird food in 1745 (m). Scotch grass re. ceived its name from having been first brought from Scotland to Barbados. Pindars were brought to Mr. East from South America ; the afou, the acom and Guinea yam, and indeed all but one of the cultivated yams are from the Coast of Africa or East Indies (n). The seeds of the guango were brought over from the main- P. 3712 (a) Hortus Jamaicensis, vol. ii., p. 205. rtus Jamaicensis, vol. i., p. 226 C) Bryan Edwards' History, 5th Ed., vol. i., p. 257. (d) Hortus Jamaicensis, vol. i., p. 465. le) Bryan Edwards' History, 5th Ed., vol. iii., p. 379. (f) Bryan Edwards' History, 5th Ed., vol. iii., (0) To Mr. Wallen, formerly owner of Cold Spring and Wallenford, the friend of Swartz and a successful botanist, we are no doubt indebted for the first plants of the buttercups, strawberries, water-cress, chick-weed, wild pansy, groundsel, dead nettles, dandelion, common honey-suckle, black-berried elder, evening primrose, nasturtium, common myrtle, the English oak, white clover and the sweet violet, now common on the Port Royal and Blue Mountains, being, possibly, escapes from his Garden at Cold Spring, which even in 1793 was well stocked with choice selections of introduced flowers and European trees and shrubs. Bryan Edwards, 5th Ed., vol. i., p. 243. (1) Bryan Edwards' History, 5th Ed., vol. iii., pp. 367--407. (i) Bryan Edwards' History, 5th Ed., vol. ii., pp. 367-407. 6) Bryan Edwards' History, 5th Ed., vol. 3, pp. 367-407 (k) Journals Assembly, vol. x., p. 638. (m) Hortus Jamaicensis, vol. i., p. 353. (n) Hortus Jamaicensis vol. ii., p. 310. 408 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. land by Spanish cattle (a). Cacao is indigenous to Central America. The shaddock was brought to the West Indies from China by Captain Shaddock, hence its name (b). The genip was brought to Jamaica from Surinam by one Guaf, a Jew. The ginger is a native of the East Indies, introduced to Jamaica by a Spaniard, Francisco de Mendiza. The locust tree and blimbing were brought to Jamaica from the South seas in His Majesty's ship Providence in the year 1793. The orange, both sweet and seville, the lime, the lomon and citron, were brought hither by the Spaniards. The Jerusalem thorn is from the Spanish Main (c). The prickly pear is a Mexican plant, Returning, however, to the history of the Department under review, it appears that the first public Garden established in the island was the old Botanic Garden at Bath ; and in the Journals of the House of Assembly, Vol. VIII., 1784-91, p. 602, mention is made of Dr. Thomas Clarke, “ Practitioner in Physic and Surgery," who came to the island in 1777, at the particular instance and request of the late Sir Basil Keith, to superintend two Botanic Gardens, then intended to be established in the island. One was to be a European Garden, which however, was never estab- lished, and the other was the “ Tropical Garden” at Bath. A private garden possessing many rare and valuable plants had already been formed by Mr. Hinton East in Liguanea (Gordon Town) which, on the death of the founder, became the property of his nephew, Mr. E. H. East, “who with great generosity offered it to the Assembly of Jamaica for the use of the public at their own price." Mr. Bryan Edwards, in the History of the British West Indies, remarks that “ the Assembly of Jamaica, co-operating with the benevolent intentions of His Majesty (to introduce valuable exotics and productions of the most distant regions to the West Indies) purchased in 1792-93 the magnificent Botanical Garden of Mr. East and placed it on the public establishment, under the care of skilful gardeners, one of whom, Mr. James Wiles, had circumnavigated the Globe with Captain Bligh.” An interesting catalogue of the plants in this Garden, at the time of Mr. East's decease, was prepared by Dr. A. Broughton, and forms an appendix under the title of “Hortus Eastensis” to Bryan Edwards' History of the British West Indies, vol. I., P. 475. From it we gather that as early as 1782 the mango, akee, cinnamon, camphor, jack tree, bichy or kola, date palm, rose apple, litchi, turmeric and many valuable plants, numbering nearly 600, had already been introduced into the island and were becoming thoroughly acclimatised. From a letter addressed to Sir Joseph Banks by the Botanic Gardener, Jamaica, 1793, we gather that the breadfruit trees* (introduced in 1788) “ were upwards of 11 feet high, with leaves 36 inches long, and the success in cultivating them has exceeded the most'sanguine expectations; the cinnamon tree is become very common, and man- goes are in such plenty as to be planted in the negro grounds. There are, also, several bearing trees of the jack or bastard breadfruit......and we have one nutmeg plant." The Botanic Garden at Liguanea (as it was called) continued to be under Mr. Wiles' care (superintended by a Committee of the House of Assembly) for many years, while that at Bath was entrusted to Dr. Dancer as Island Botanist. The allowance for the two Gardens was fixed at £800. The duties of the Island Botanist were defined as follows: “ To collect, class and describe the native plants of the island; to use his endeavours to find out their medicinal virtues ; to discover if they possess any qualities useful to the arts, and annually to furnish the House with a correct list of such plants as are in the Botanic Gardens, together with such infor- mation as he may have acquired relative to their uses and virtues.” For the purpose of distributing the breadfuit and other valuable plants from the Botanic Garden the Committee of the House “appointed several Committees for each county, to receive and distribute the allotments destined for them,” and, ac- cording as sufficient nunbers were prepared for propagation, the Chairmen of the County Committees were apprised and their respective proportions delivered and distributed, “by which means," it is quaintly remarked, “the public has derived all the advantages to be expected from these establishments.” (a) Macfadyen Flora, vol. i., p. 308. (6) Macfadyen Flora, vol. i., p. 131. (c) Trans. Roy. Soc. Arts, Jamaica, vol. 1., p. 114. * For his services in introducing the Bread Fruit tree 1,000 guineas were granted in 1793 to Captain Bligh and 600 Guineas to Lieutenant Portlock. PUBLIC GARDENS. 409 During the years 1791-1807 the Committee in charge of the Botanic Gardens, with Mr. Shirley as Chairman, greatly developed and improved them. Inquiries were made everywhere for new products; thanks and gratuities were voted for the intro- duction of valuable plants; and these were cultivated and distributed with great assi- duity and care. In order to make the island less dependent on America for supplies every encouragement was given to the cultivation of yams, cocoes, maize, plantain, and such products as the breadfruit, zezegary or wanglo, nutmeg, clove, cinnamon. pindars and coffee, it being believed that the cultivation of these valuable exotics will, without doubt, in a course of years lessen the dependence of the Sugar Islands on North America for food and necessaries; and not only supply subsistence for future generations, but, probably, furnish fresh incitements to industry, new improvements in the arts, and new subjects of commerce.” (a) These beneficial efforts, long and successfully maintained, were however greatly relaxed after the year 1807, and under the influence of domestic troubles, want of due appreciation of the value and nature of Botanic Gardens, or the need of strict economy, a bill was introduced into the House of Assembly in 1810, "for vesting the Botanic Garden in Liguanea in the Commissioners of the Board of Works, to be sold and the money to be brought to the credit of the public.” This bill was finally passed, December, 1810, and, the Garden passing to private hands, many of the valuable plants contained in it. and collected with so much care and industry, were entirely lost. (6) The Garden at Bath was however maintained, though in a very reduced state. Dr. Stewart West acted for some time as Island Botanist and was engaged in col- lecting the plants that had been lost from the Gardens, for the purpose of propa- gating and distributing them. In the year 1824 an effort was made to restore the value and usefulness of the Botanic Gardens, and Sir M. B Clare, from the Committee appointed to inquire into the state of the Botanic Garden, reported : “ That the Botanic Garden in St. Thomas-in-the-East, established more than fifty years ago, has during that period received and transmitted for propagation throughout the island many valuable plants. That the Royal munificence of his late Majesty promoted the object of this institution by vessels-of-war employed to collect plants in the settlements of the east and south seas, some of which are now naturalized in this island, and more might be added, greatly to the advantage of its inhabitants. Your Committee, therefore, recommend that proper care may be taken to preserve the valuable plants which the Garden now contains. That in addition to the above considerations, your Committee are of opinion that one object of this institution of chief importance has never been properly attended to, namely, the investigation of the many unknown native plants of this island, which, from the properties of those already known, it is reasonable to infer would prove highly beneficial in augmenting our internal resources, by sup- plying various articles either for food, for medicine, or for manufactures, to be cul. tivated, prepared and exported as staple commodities, by which great commercial advantages might be obtained ; among others the various vegetable dyes claim parti. cular attention as promising a fruitful field for discovery. That it appears to your Committee that the person fit for undertaking such inquiries ought to be a well educated and scientific man, combining with his botanical knowledge sufficient in. formation in experimental chemistry to enable him to discover the useful qualities of such indigenous plants, and improve the productions of those already known ; but at the same time your Committee strongly recommend that such person should not be a medical man, as his whole time and attention onght to be applied to pro- mote the above objects. Your Committee recommends to the House to instruct the Commissioners of Correspondence to direct the Agent to apply for such a person to the President of the Linnean Society in London.” As a result of this proposal Mr. James Macfayden was selected and approved of as a Botanist and arrived in the island in 1826. At the same time it was felt that the Botanic Garden at Bath was too distant from Kingston and the seat of government to answer the intention proposed, and (a) Bryan Edwards' History, 5th Ed., vol. i., p. xli. (6) The land formerly occupied by the Botanic Garden, in Liguanea, has become the property of Mr. Geo, Henderson. Gordon Town is still known as "The Gardens." BB 1100 CULTIVATION. 413 for the Government by some means to prevent the shipment of inferior quality. The same remark applies to oranges, logwood, &c. Coco-nuts. -The export of coco-nuts has been greater during 1891-92 than dur- ing any year for the past ten years, in spite of great mortality amongst the trees at Montego Bay. A report was made on this disease, (Bulletin No. 23) but scarcely anything has been done by owners of trees to make use of the remedies suggested. Coco-nut butter has been manufactured in Europe since 1888. It is of great hygienic and dietetic value. The process of manufacture has been patented, and no details can be obtained. Coco-nut oil, however, can easily be made, and can be used with great advantage in cooking, and in other ways, in place of cooking-butter, or olive-oil. If the oil is put while still hot into hermetically sealed tins, or into bottles using cotton wool with the stoppers, it out to keep sweet for an indefinite time. Coffee.—The value this year exceeds that in any year during the last ten years though the amount exported was not as large as in 1888. Venezuela, Columbia, and Hayti, having declined to enter into reciprocity agree- ments with the United States in connection with the McKinley Bill, their coffee, exported to the States, amounting in the total to 76,096,700 lbs, becomes subject to a duty of 3 cents per lb. Shipment of coffee in parchment is strongly recommended to small settlers, who have no mill of their own. They will find it much more economical than to pay, as some of them do, as much as 3/ per bushel for milling. The remarks mado by the Collector of Taxes in Trelawny is that all the coffee (which was but an average crop) was badly cured, no care being taken in its preparation at all, which means a great loss of money to the producers and the Island. Corn Imported.-Corn cannot be grown here as cheaply as in the States, and there- fore the importation will probably increase as the means of communication between ports and remoter parts of the Island are improved. Ebony, West Indian.-West Indian Ebony or Coccus Wood is only valuable when it can be supplied in large pieces. Attention should be paid to clearing this wood of the parasites by which it is so liable to be covered. Ginger.—The export of Ginger has taken an immense stride during 1892, and the value per cent. has also increased. The growing and curing of ginger is an industry admirably suited to small settlers, while the preparation of preserved ginger is one which may well be recommended to the notice of the Women's Self-Help Society. Hints on ginger are given in Bulletins Nos. 26 and 29. Fibre.-The cultivation and preparation of Sisal Hemp is one of the most impor- tant amongst new industries. Extracts from reports full of details for the practi- cal planter, written by Mr. James M. Roe on the Bahamas Plantations and by Mr. C. Ř. Dodge, Fibre Expert for the United States, are published in Bulletin No. 24. It is not a cultivation for the small settler. Not less than 200 acres should form a plantation, and perhaps not les than 500 acres can be worked economically. The plantation should be in such a situation that roads and tramways can be easily made through the whole extent. At Hope, planters can see for themselves all that con- cerns the practical cultivation. The question of machinery for extracting the fibre is not one that is at present of pressing moment for the island, but enquiries are constantly made by me as to progress of improvement in machines, and the invention of new processes. A re- port on the Weicher Machine was given in Bulletin No. 22. Hon. Captain Jack- son, Colonial Secretary in the Bahamas, informs me that Albee Smith is improving his machine, that Van Buren’s is very like Kennedy's, and that much is expected of an invention by Forbes,-a process of extraction by steam in closed cylinders. Correspondence is also maintained on the subject with Mr. C. R. Dodge. Limes.-Some effort should be made to make this fruit more known in England than it is at present. Limes might largely supplant lemons in popular flavour. Lime juice,—This industry might be more flourishing, if the essential oil were extracted from the peel, and a first quality of lime juice made from the drainings of the fruit when cut before being pressed to make the “concentrated” juice. It is 414 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. said also that the Jamaica concentrated juice is burnt in consequence of the con- centration being carried too far, the strength being 90 ozs, of citric acid per gallon instead of the strength obtained in Sicily from 65 to 70 ozs. Liquorice.-Liquorice is another plant for the small settler. It will grow where the orange flourishes, in deep rich soil. A notice of it is inserted in Bulletin No. 29. Mangoes. This export will never be of any great value, unless the fruit is picked by the hand and packed with care, for the least bruise is fatal. Good mangoes would doubtless fetch a high price in New York. Nutmegs,—The attention of planters and small settlers has been directed to the cultivation of nutmegs and to the large profits to be made in suitable localities. Articles on the subject have appeared in the Bulletins Nos. 24, 25 and 26. It is pleasing to find that this cultivation is being entered upon with spirit and energy, as many as 20,978 plants having been sold by the Department during the year. All the nutmegs used as seed are most carefully selected on one of the best estates in Grenada. Great care and attention are given to them at Hope Gardens, and it is satisfactory to learn from the largest grower that they can be obtained cheaper and in better condition from the department than if he grew the u himself. Oranges. The value of this export has never been so low since 1881. Apparently nothing will check the export of inferior fruit and the consequent loss in the mar- ket, unless it be the intervention of the Government. This fruit should always be carefully picked and handled so as to prevent the least bruise; a knock that would crack an egg, spoils an orange for export. Grading into sizes, and packing in boxes are also matters that require attention. Pine Apples.—When inferior pines sell in the States in the early Spring at 1s. each, it is surprising that not more is done in extending the area of cultivation here. This fruit would travel well even to England, if packed :o as not to touch, and about 20 in a box. Rice. - There is no reason why a large quantity of rice should not be raised in the island, as there are large tracts where it will grow. A small quantity of “hill rice" is being obtained from India for experiment in the Red Hills. Sugar Refined.- While the exports of sugar are not declining, there is a great in- crease in the amount of refined sugar imported, due to the remission of the duty of 2d. per lb. There is a fair chance now for the development of the manufacture of preserves, since refined sugar is so much cheaper,-ginger, orange, marmalade, guava, &c. Strawberries.-Notes on the cultivation of the Strawberry are given in No. 29. This is a fruit which might be grown in large quantities in the Red Hills district. Experiments are being made with several varieties sent from Kew. Tea.-It has been ascertained that tea of good quality grows rapidly in the island. The only drawback is the want of abundance of cheap labour. The plant might, however, be grown where there is a fair supply of labour, and manufactured for home consumption. Tea plants will be supplied to those who apply for them. Tobacco, Cigars.--The export of cigars has increased considerably, and it is under. stood that it is capable of much greater extension, if the cigars were pushed by mer- chants in Europe. The amount of unmanufactured tobacco exported is very small, being only 990 lbs., of the value of £34 15g. Od. during this year. Vegetables.-Articles giving the results of growing varieties of English peas, ap- pear in Nos. 23, 24, 25, 29. The experiments are still being carried on. There would be a roady demand in Kingston for a very large quantity of this vegetable. Onions (800 No. 24) do well in certain parts of the island. 414B HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. ACREAGE UNDER CULTIVATIO Cocoavuts. Parish. Bananas. Ground Nuts. Arrowroot. Ginger. Coffee. Canes, Ground Provi- sions. Tobacco. Guinea Grass. Total number of acres under cultivation and care. Common Pas- ture and Pi. mento, Vegetables. Corn. Cacao. 340 29 214 601 · 525 3,831 3,286 11,673 27,148 757 2,363 1,770 6,036 5,707 5,307 17,911 E 32,920 · 504 1,302 2,644 172 797 1,747 725 16,264 Kingston St. Andrew St. Thomas Portland St. Mary St. Ann Trelawny St. James 27,066 1,629 2,143 2,112 293 1,829 4,875 656 708 5,683 4,459 · 30,956 50,283 1,679 8,601 · · · · Economia E o Š 25,002 65,369 103,457 · 153 5,413 255 e 16,109 27,824 53,428 · 3,567 3,367 266 3,658 7,516 19,591 34,690 Hanoi · Arne No · Hanover 380 2,080 4,899 7,366 26,910 41,892 . · Westmoreland . 5,516 196 19 4,946 10,131 43,193 64,022 . St. Elizabeth 451 1,401 18,846 30,910 58,424 · 6,423 8,252 Manchester 105 6,970 8,744 27,685 . 52,030 · Clarendon 361 10,830 n 6,001 23,008 48,944 5,432 3,169 2,967 1,468 · · St. Catherine . 356 76 57 202 12,220 14,602 30,818 63,019 · Total 7,816 0,959 32,486 122,476 228 228 | 10 | 581 | 10 | 291 11,231 83 | 86,841 | 124,586 657,924 CLASSIFICATION OF HOLDINGS. 415 CLASSIFICATION OF HOLDINGS OF LAND IN THE THIRTEEN AGRICULTURAL PARISHES OF THE ISLAND FROM IST AUGUST, 1890, TO 31ST JULY, 1891, COMPILED FROM INGIVINGS UNDER LAW 17 OF 1890. NUMBERS OF HOLDINGS. Parish, Not exceeding 5 acres. Not exceeding 10 acres. Not exceeding 20 acres. Not exceeding 50 acres Not exceeding 100 acres. Not exceeding 200 acres. Not exceeding 500 acres. Not exceeding 800 acres. Not exceeding 1,000 acres. Not exceeding 1,500 acres. Exceeding 1,500 acres. Total. St. Andrew 6,295 159 o 7,532 9,055 75 zo 9,749 7,458 40 157 8,536 5 5,327 595 286 6,585 5 9,518 913 539 11,669 8 101 5,120 151 3 St. Thomas Portland St. Mary St. Ann Trelawny St. James Hanover Westmoreland St. Elizabeth Manchester Clarendon St. Catherine o 4,600 4,573 5,939 8,495 5,951 5,202 6,613 318 142 5 613 335 890 o 498 8 1,377 1,104 914 1,083 8,603 9,872 9,025 9,990 12,381 12,670 7,844 10,401 10,486 95,942 517 259 16 541 268 13 8 E Total 4,718 2,694 663 282 148 114,944 416 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. SUGAR ESTATES IN CULTIVATION IN JAMAICA IN THE YEAR 1890-91. Crop in 1891. Extent in Acres. Description of Mill, whether Process of Manufacture, wind, water, whether by Vacuum Pan, steam or cattle. Centrifugal Apparatus, &c. Name of Estate. Owner, Attorney of Owner. Canes in Cul. tivation. Grass, Wood- land and Ruinate. Hhds. Sugar. Phns. Rum. ST, ANDREW. Mona - Louis Verley . A. J. Pine . 300 1,872 Water Centrifugal . 170 130 ST. THOMAS. 202 R. Evans 31 111 Charles H. Levy 98 Amity Hall - Jamaica Co. Duckenfield - E. H. T. Hawkins Pltn, Garden River - Boston Fruit Co. Golden Grove Boston Fruit Co. Lyssons Charles Levy Serge Island Charles Levy Coley Charles Levy Hall Head - J. H, McDowell Blue Mountain Sir Wm. Fitzherbert Belvidere Heirs Count Freeman Norris W. S. Richards Albion J. Griñan . 90 941 Water Common Process . 245 1,755 Steam & Water. 30 1,349 96 2,198 140 3,049, Steam 370 1,251 Water and Centrifugal 190 1775 160 2,462 173 1883 185 2,080) 104 1,287 & Steam. 240 4,176 Vacuum Pan & " . E. J. Sadler .W.S. Richards E, J. Sadler ST. MARY. Wetzel Pan, Centrifugal, &o. . 170 146 New Ramble Orange Hill Gray's Inn Dover F. H. Barker - Hon. J. Pringle T. Elmslie Supergansingh J. G. Cohen Henry Braham . 200 1,210 Steam . 186 850 406 1,646 50 1,290 SUGAR ESTATES. 417 * ST. ANN. Joseph Shearer E. J. Sadler 154 48 232 99 Drax Hall Seville Llandovery Richmond Orange Valley Bengal Greenock Cave Valley 311 271 - Henry Sewell Webb & Harris -Heirs of White Bernal Family - H. J. Blagrove - Alex. Hopwood John W. Anderson Henry Sewell 305 1,133 Water & Steam . Helical & Aspinal Pans . 196 177 2,495 Water Open Battery of Boilers, &c. . 63 300 2,372 - 287 1,352 3,285 Steam . Wetzel Pan & Centrifugal 1,282 Water .Ranger cured 923 Steam Ordinary Process 180 900 Water Helical & Aspinal Pans . 200 11 Richard Todd Alex. Hopwood Wm. Cover .Joseph Shearer 75 100 100 150 130 TRELAWNY. 9 09 66 64 79 120 1,490 Arcadia Bryan Castle Brampton Bryan Bracco Cambridge Chester Dundee Etingdon Fontabelle Freemans Hall Georgia Green Park Gales Valley Golden Grove Good Hope Hyde Hall Hyde Harmony Hall Kent Lottery Long Pond Lancaster Oxford Orange Valley Swanswick Steelfield Tilston Vale Royal - Henry Sewell Joseph Shearer 1,197 Steam . Common Process & Centrifugal 130 Dr. A. V. Proctor .J. Sime 1,212 -Dr. A. V. Proctor 1,181 - C. H. Gordon Joseph Shearer *1,892 -Elizabeth Thomson H. T. Hoskins 787 and Aspinal Thos. Phillpotts 953 Hon. W. Kerr & Mrs. D. Kerr Hon. W. Kerr 863 and Centrifugal L. C. Shirley 861 C. H. Stewart J. Sime 1,354 Water - S. Whiting & Bros. Nil - C. T. Gordon JJ. Sime 883 Steam Helical and Aspinal Pans - Heirs of Atherton Geo. Robertson 1,725 . Common Process -Ed. M. Gale Hon. W. Kerr 2,244 Miss A. M. Jarrett Steam & Water. . 124 Heirs of F. R. Coy J. H. Bruch 1,651 Water 78 - L. C. Shirley 1,434 Steam and Centrifugal Trustee, Hy. Sewell Jos. Shearer 3,578 G. P. Dewar 150 956 Common Process . 101 Miss A. M. Jarrett Hon. W. Kerr 934 Centrifugal . 57 Henry Sewell Jos. Shearer . 250 2,173 - J, B. Sheriff G. Robertson & J. Sime 190 12,157 . 144 - C. H. W. Gordon J. Sbearer and Aspinal 50 C. M. Barrett H.T. Hoskins 800 . Common Process - W.L. & H. J. Kerr Hon. W. Kerr and Wetzel Pan - G. R. Clarke L. C. Shirley 2246 and Centrifugal - Trustee, H. Sewell H. T. Hoskins Miss A. M. Jarrett Hon. W. Kerr 1,836 Steam Henry Sewell Jos. Shearer 1,045 . 130 . 180 > 72 64 109 148 84 53 74 113 115 79 74 9 .83 99 872 aaa 2,284 81 829 118 64 105 150 * The Crops given are for 1892. SUGAR ESTATES. 419 HANOVER. 22 160 34 40 98 46 97 80 170 Barbican Copse Chester Castle Flint River Golden Grove Georgia Haughton Hall Kew Mosquitto Cove Orange Cove Phoenix Prospect Round Hill Riley Spring Valley Tryall | 45 Fred. Tupper 30 304 Wind & Cattle . Old Process Heirs of R. Hind J. W. Parkin (Lessee). 130 1,772 Steam A.E. Cooke 622 - Heirs of R. Hind J. W. Parkin (Lessee) : 78 962 -DeB. S. Heaven . 195 2,278 and Wetzel Pan . 154 H. Davis & Son 120 1,430 Water Old Process - Hawthorn & Watson E. J. Sadler . 100 803 Steam F. J. C. Curtis AC Houchen 1,086 : Wetzel Pan and Centrifugal . L. Sanftleben & Sons 661 Old Process - Jacob Jackson J. Shearer .131 293 -Wm. Farquharson W. S. Noad (Lessee) 111 477 Old Process - Hawthorn, Shedden & Co. . E. J. Sadler 1,411 and Wetzel Pan - G. F. Lawrence Hon. Wm. Kerr 1,189 :Old Process - H. Davis & Son 359 - Hawthorn, Shedden & Co. . E. J. Sadler 1,263 Wetzel Pan - J. W. Parkin 00 1,913 Water 93 101 24 145 65 201 205 72 110 54 158 110 156 241 165 SO 240 164 203 WESTMORELAND. Albany Anthony Charley 140 672 Steam Centrifugal Belleisle - Heirs of Wm. Vickers H.A. Vickers&E.J.Sadler 340 2,382 Steam & Water . Vacuum Pan Blue Castle -Eustace Greig . E. J. Sadler 1635 1,450 Steam . Centrifugal Blackheath .280 2,303 Water Carawina Edward Sadler .210 2,338 Steam & Water. Cornwall Col. Lushington E.J. Sadler . 174 2,878 Water Charlottenburg Anthony Charley 129 1,413 Steam Friendship - C.W. Eves & Co.& E.J.Sadler E. J. Sadler 200 1,954 Water Frome - Heirs of Wm. Vickers .H.A. Vickers&E.J.Sadler 200 605 Fort William - Heirs of Admiral Hay . E. J. Sadler . 210 2,338 Fontabelle - Hugh A. Vickers . 300 1,010 George's Plain Miss Adelaide Watt Walter Wolliscroft .225 2,740 Steam & Water . Grandvale -David King Lawrence Tate 2,887 Glasgow -Mrs. Helen Whitelocke William Ewen 226 Masemure - Anthony Charley 1,143 Mount Eagle - Mrs. Richard Burgess . Rev, H. Clarke 3,820 Mint - Mrs. A. H. Sinclair E. J. Saddler 200 Meylersfield - Dr. W. J. Calder 3,202 Mesopotamia Eustace Greig JE. J. Sadler 250 2,388 Water New Hope - Alexander Stewart John Hudson 1,765 Steam Retrieve 3,132 141 383 143 307 141 176 191 240 185 216 282 187 105 163 288 182 217 45 245 179 195 291 Steam 639 260 356 250 2,168 . 200 : 280 # The Crops given are for 1892, SUGAR ESTATES. 421 (309 217 . Centrifugal Common Process • 320 .245 120 G. M. Fitzherber E.C. Elliott 176 12,636 (Steam 160 1,066 244 1,361 51 1,897 160 1,043 13,168 6,270 Parnassus - Wm. Jump (Lessee) Perring - Sir Wm. Fitzherbert Pusey Hall -D. B. Callaghan Rock River - John Scully Suttons-Chesterfield Mixon & Harty Sevens St. Jago J. H. Mitchell 50 60 and Centrifugal .212 . 408 188 237 240 330 Quintin Logan . 170 * ST. CATHERINE. 383 322 201 193 224 Bushy Park · Caymanas Cherry Garden Dove Hall Lodge Lloyds Rose Hall Spring Vale Tulloch Treadways Worthy Park Wakefield -Louis Verley . H. T. Ronaldson - A. Crum-Ewing Thomas Kemp - Lavinia Robinson W. S. Richards - Jam. Fruit & Vegetable Co. T. Kemp - T. M. Martin C. G. Lord - Hon. G. Stiebel H. T. Ronaldson -D. Campbell D. Campbell J. H. McDowell, Estate of. J. R. Scarlett -John H. McPhail J. H. McPhail Col. W. G. Dawkins W. Gyles - Talbot and Carpenter J. R. Scarlett J. H. McDowell, Estate of. J. R. Scarlett . 450 3,818 Steam . Vacuum Pan 670 5,325 and Centrifugal. [1091 204 1,037 Centrifugal 108 2,130 Common Process 150 836 Centrifugal . 139 3,309 . Common Process 1,001 Cattle 175 2,226 Steam & Water. 110 . 118 1,6801 » . 40 1,145 Cattle . 426 5,773 Steam & Water. Centrifugal and Aspinal Pans. 292 . 210 1,676 131 86 200 131 182 140 310 33 364 166 * The Crops given are for 1892. Ć 22 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. COFFEE CULTIVATION IN JAMAICA IN 1891-92. (The Coffee Estates having 50 acres or more are particularized.) Extent in Acres. Name of Estate. Owner. Attorney of Owner. Coffee in | Grase, Cultiva. M "Woodland and tion. Ruinate. 2345 331 563 427 534 662 160 1,096 1,030 100 61 100 60 2,549 352) 260 954 1,189 120 253 50 180 200 50 130 1,374 1,037 1,325 497 787 70 250 852 60 1,047 50 ST. ANDREW. Bellevue | A. H. Pinnock Charlottenburg & Union ? | John Casserley Hill Clifton Mount | A. R. Hamilton John McLean Cold Spring John McLean Caledonia and Prospect . Rev. J. S. Roberts Clydesdale M. E. M'Laverty Flamstead T. M. Martin Peter Robinson Green Valley Geo. Henderson G. Graham Middleton Heirs of Duke of Chas. Levy & Co. Buckingham Mt. Lebanon Olive Chisholm J. A. Stephens Newton H. M. Cobbold C. L. McLaverty Pleasant Hill Geo. Henderson G. Graham Silver Hill A. R. Hamilton John McLean Properties with cultivation of less than 50 acres and small settlers ST. THOMAS. Arntully W. A. Sabonidiere Moy Hall Capt. G. G. Taylor Ben Lamond & Newfield . G. B. Massey Sherwood Forest John Davidson Radnor J. A. Stephens Middleton G. B. Massey Whitfield Hall . DeB. S. Heaven Farm Hill . B. S. Gossett Properties with cultivation of less than 50 acres and small settlers PORTLAND. Portland Gap B. S. Gossett Properties with cultivation of less than 50 acres and small settlers ST. MARY. Properties with cultivation of less than 50 acres and small settlers Sr. ANN. Properties with cultivation of less than 50 acres and small settlers TRELAWNY. Properties with cultivation of less than 50 acres and small settlers ST. JAMES. Properties with cultivation of less than 50 acres and small settlers HANOVER. Properties with cultivation of less than 50 acres and small settlers WESTMORELAND. Properties with cultivation of less than 50 acres and small settlers ST. ELIZABETH. Properties with cultivation of less than 50 acres and small settlers MANCHESTER, Brokenhurst .W. W. Wynne, Lomax J.W.Leyden(est.of) C. J. Georges Perrins Sir Wm. Fitzherbert C. J. Georges Senior's & Campbell Castle Wm. Hungerford Soho R. B. Braham Virginia George Nash Properties with cultivation of less than 50 acres and small settlers CLARENDON. Glendale Quintin Logan Mt. Industry .: Jas. L. Hibbert Properties with cultivation of less than 50 acres and small settlers ST. CATHERINE. Properties with cultivation of less than 50 acres and small settlers 500 690 1,418 236 109 30 255 1,357 283 120 200 110 159 60 5,386 660 1,624 400 165 148 232 80 1,0631 931 80 2,796 1,501 POUNDS. 423 CATTLE TRESPASS. This matter is regulated by Law 13 of 1888, as amended by Law 14 of 1892, the provisions of which are briefly these : It is the duty of the proprietor of stock' (in- cluding horsekind, cattle, sheep, pigs, goats and poultry) to take proper and effective measures to prevent such stock from trespassing on the land of other persons and he is responsible in damages in respect of any injury done by such stock trespassing on the land of other persons provided that within 48 hours of the discovery of such injury the party aggrieved gives notice of the nature thereof to the proprietor or person in charge of the stock, and allows him and his valuators free ingress to the land. No person in occupation of any land abutting on a public road is entitled to recover any damages for trespass by stock being lawfully driven on such road, under proper care and control, unless the land is secured by a fence sufficient to keep out ordinary stock of the class of animal committing the trespass. If in any action under this law the owner of the stock proves that his land is enclosed by good and sufficient fences and that he has adopted all reasonable and proper pre- cautions for the confinement of his stock and that they have nevertheless, through some accident beyond his control and which he could not reasonably have provided against, escaped from his land the party complaining will not be entitled to recover any sum unless he can show that he had fenced his land with a fence sufficient to keep out ordinary tame cattle and horsekind. Any person who wilfully opens or leaves open any gate, or breaks down or injures any fence or other contrivance provided for the purpose of confining any stock, with intent to allow such stock to trespass off the land on which the same is con- fined, is liable, on conviction in a Resident Magistrate's Court, to imprisonment with or without hard labour for a period not exceeding twelve calendar months. POUNDS. The Act 15 Vic., chapter II., sections 2 to 5, provide for the raising of a tax by the Justices and Vestry of each parish for the purpose of erecting Pounds, for the raising of an annual tax for their maintenance, and for the appointment by the Justices and Vestry of a fit and proper person to be the keeper of each Pound. The Justices and Vestry were succeeded by the Municipal Boards and these in their turn by the Parochial Boards who now perform the duties and possess the powers conferred by the Law quoted on the Justices and Vestry. The Pounds in each Parish are accordingly now under the control of the Parochial Board of such Parish. Section 6 of the Act enacts that “the owner or occupier, or his agent, of any plan- tation, pen, or other premises, who shall find any cattle, horses, mules, asses or sheep trespassing upon any land in his possession, may, if he thinks proper, take and con- vey, or cause to be taken and conveyed, to the nearest Pound the stock so found tres- passing; and the Keeper of the Pound shall receive such stock and pay to the party bringing the same the sum or sums of money stated below, as a remuneration for his trouble.” The same section provides against persons, in cases in which more than one head of stock is taken up for the purpose of being impounded, taking them one at a time to the Pound, in order to increase the fee. By section 7 it is enacted that no per- son when taking any stock to the Pound shall ride or suffer them to be ridden, and that the stock shall not be ill-treated or injured. Section 8 insists that persons taking up stock shall send them to the Pound within 24 hours of their being so taken up except in cases where Sunday intervenes. Other sections of the Law provide for the proper discharge of his duties by the Poundkeeper including the keeping of the Pound book, the arrangements for the feeding of stock while in the Pound, the separation from other animals of entire horses, mules, asses, &c., the publication in the Official Gazette of the list of strays, the sale of unclaimed stock, and the rendering of accounts and returns to the Board. No stock suffering from infectious disease may be received into any Pound, and in any case in which an animal becomes diseased after it is received into the Pound, 424 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. the Law gives a Justice of the Peace the power to order in writing, that it shall be destroyed, and the carcass buried or burnt. The returns required of the Poundkeeper are very cumbersome, and in this and in some other respects an amendment of the Law is under consideration. The following are the rates payable by the Poundkeeper to a person bringing stock to be impounded (sec. 6.):- For every cow, calf, bull, heifer, steer, horse, mare, gelding, colt, mule or 8. d. ass, if brought in singly For every stray as above, if three be brought in together, at the rate each of 10 For any number above three, if brought in together, at the rate each of . 0 6 For five or a less number of sheep . : For every sheep above five 0 3 The following are the rates for poundage (sec. 10): For every head of horned cattle, for every horse, mare, gelding or mule. 30 For every ass For every sheep The following are the rates for daily feed and care (sec. 10): For every horse, mare, gelding or mule For every head of horned stock and for every ass For every sheep 06 A Bill to amend and simplify the present Pound Law introduced during the Ses- sion of 1892, but was withdrawn to enable the Government to consult the several Parochial Boards in regard to its provisions. Now Or0 ooo oo 1 1 NOTE.-For Pounds and Poundkeepers see Parochial Officers, pages 393 to 403. DIVIDING FENCES LAW. Previous to 1888, the laws on the subject of Dividing Fences were 15 Vic. c. 22 and Section 24 of 16 Vic. c. 11. Law 14 of 1888 placed the matter on a more satisfactory basis. Section 3 of the Law enacts that “every occupier of land shall, as between himself and the occupier of the adjoining land be liable to bear one half of the expense of erecting and main- taining a sufficient dividing fence to separate their respective holdings," while Sec- tion 5 provides for giving notice by the one occupier to the adjoining one, for con- struction or repairs of the fences, and enables the former to have the work done if his neighbour refuses, and recover half the cost of the work so done. Section 10 epacts with certain provisos that “where the occupier of land is not the owner thereof, and is not as between himself and the owner bound by the terms of his tenancy to bear the expenses of erecting or repairing the fence dividing such land from the adjoining land, he shall, on being obliged to defray any such expense under the provisions of this Law, be entitled to recover the same from his landlord as money paid at his request, or to deduct the same from his rent as the same falls due.” STEAM COMMUNICATION. 425 PART XII. STEAM COMMUNICATION. As an introduction to the tonnage, itinerary and other particulars respect. ing the steamships now trading with the Port of Kingston we may briefly note the progress that has been made in regard to steam communication with this island. In April, 1842, the Royal Mail Company began their contract with the British Government for carrying the West India Mail, of which they en- joyed a monopoly of twenty years, it may be said without competition; they were followed ten years later by the Mexican Line of Steamers which were subsequently withdrawn for want of support. In 1860 Holt's Line of Steamers began trading from Liverpool to Jamaica and the Colombian Ports. Five years later the West India and Pacific Steamship Company bought their interests and have since maintained regular communication with Jamaica. The French Line (Compagnie Générale Transatlantique) began in 1865, bringing Jamaica into direct communication with France, Cuba and the French Antilles; but it has recently ceased its connection with the island. In August, 1872, the Atlas Steamship Company, under contract with this Government, despatched their first steamer to New York. Although the contract with the Government has ceased by mutual consent, the Company have continued to trade with Jamaica, and the trade has so largely increased that the Company have had to supply additional and larger vessels to meet the requirements of the increased traffic. In 1880 the Cunard Line began a service between the Ports of Kingston, Bermuda and Halifax, opening a new market for our produce. Large ship. ments of sugar have been made to Canada by these steamers. In the same year the White Line of Steamers to and from London began to trade with Jamaica, followed by the London Line. In the early part of 1881 the Anderson Line was added. These lines have since been amalga- mated and they now trade under the name of “ The Caribbean Company." The steamers of this line follow in quick succession during the shipping sea. son and offer great facilities to shippers at moderate rates of freight. They go from Kingston to the principal out-ports and such other ports as offer in. ducements. Owing to the undefined movements of the steamers they can. not be relied on as passenger vessels. Previous to this amalgamation - The London Line” ran between Kingston, Belize and London: this trade has since been transferred to a new line known as “The London and Belize Line,” which now calls at Nassau instead of Kingston. Communication with Belize is kept up by the steamers of the Honduras and Central American Line, which arrive here from New York en route to Belize and Central America every third Tuesday. The Glasgow Line of Steamers began trading with the Port of Kingston in February, 1882, their first steamer, the Ariel, arriving on the 26th of that month. There is also the Clyde Line, which is a continuation of the old established line of Sailing Ships of Stirling and Co., and William Wil. kie and Co. These two lines have now been amalgamated, and under the style of the Clyde Line. A steamer is despatched monthly from Glasgow, loading homewards for London and Glasgow as may be arranged with shippers. In 1888 Messrs. Pickford and Black'n West India Steamship Line, was са 426 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. started which runs the Steamer “Alpha” between Halifax, Bermuda, Turks Island and Kingston. This steamer performs a monthly mail service for which a small subsidy is paid from the Island Treasury. In addition to the regular lines there is a large fleet of swift and power- ful steamers engaged in the fruit trade, most of which carry mails and thus afford almost daily postal communication with other countries. Most of these steamers have good accommodation for passengers which they take at rates varying from 30 to 45 dollars. Besides these lines of steamers which connect Jamaica with the outer world there is a coasting steamer which makes weekly trips around the island conveying passengers and cargo. A subsidy of £1,800 a year is paid by the Government for this service. Don Taw Teas Wear 254 66 Local Island Deo ROYAL MAIL STEAM PACKET COMPANY. INCORPORATED BY ROYAL CHARTER 26TH SEPTEMBER, 1839. Head Office;-18 Moorgate St., London Branch Offices in England.-29 Cockspur St., London ; Canute Road, Southampton ; 9 Albert Square, Manchester. Chairman-Eden Colvile, Esqre. Manager-Vice-Admiral A. J. Chatfield, C, B, Superintendent in Jamaica, J. Lockwood Wingate, Esqre., 8 Duke Street Kingston. THE COMPANY'S WEST INDIA FLEET. Atrato 5,140 tons 1 Derwent 2,402 tons la Orinoco 4,434 " Avon 2,225 Cargo service 6 | Transatlantic 4,028 " I London to Essequibo 1,831 " Para 4,028 Mail service " Larne 1,670 " West Indies. Medway 3,669 « Tyne 615 " 254 66 Eden 2,145 16 ) Esk (Intercolonial 66 services in 2,145 " 254 is Mail service. 1,864 Waltham « West Indies. 87 1 Exe 61 « j Under the Mail Contract with the Imperial Government the Transatlantic Mail Steamers of the Royal Mail Steam Packet Company are despatched from Southampton to the West Indies every alternate Wednesday, going direct to Barbados, whence branch steamers proceed as under:- One every two weeks from Barbados to Demerara direct. One every two weeks from Barbados to St. Vincent, Grenada, Trinidad and To- bago. Extending the voyage to La Guayra once in four weeks. One every two weeks from Barbados to St. Lucia, Martinique, Dominica, Guade- loupe, Montserrat, Antigua, Nevis, St. Kitts and St. Thomas. The Transatlantic Mail Steamers proceed from Barbados to Jacmel, Jamaica and Colon; going on thence, once in four weeks to Savanilla, and once in four weeks to Port Limon. The homeward routes are the same as the outward, except that the Transatlantic Mail Steamers return to Plymouth, thence proceeding to Southampton (calling at Cherbourg when there are passengers for France). The transatlantic steamers proceed from Barbados (where they are due on the second Monday after leaving Southampton) to Jamaica where they are due on the following Friday at 7 a.m. The homeward steamers leave Kingston on every alter- nate Tuesday at 2 p.m., and are due at Plymouth on every alternate Wednesday at 9 p.m. The transatlantic steamers proceed from Jamaica to Colon at 4 p.m. on the Satur- day after their arrival from Barbados. The return steamer is due at Kingston on the STEAM COMMUNICATION. 427 Monday preceding the day fixed for the departure of the homeward steamer from Jamaica. A cargo steamer leaves London on Wednesday every four weeks for the West Indies calling at Plymouth and proceeding thence direct to Barbados and subse- quently to Trinidad, Grenada, St. Lucia, Jamaica, Savanilla, Carthagena, Colon, Limon, and Grey Town. Returning via Limon, Colon, Savanilla, Curaçoa, Porto Cabello, La Guayra, Trinidad, Grenada, St. Lucia and proceeding thence direct to Havre and London. The Itinerary homeward between Colon and Trinidad is sub- ject to alteration, but the steamer always leaves St. Lucia finally and proceeds to France direct as stated above. In addition to the above, there are local services between Antigua and adjacent Leeward Islands, also round the Islands of Grenada and St. Lucia. Saloon fare between Kingston, Jamaica, and Southampton £25 and £35, acoord- ing to position of cabin. Return Ticket available for twelve months £40 and £56. Second Class £20 ; Third Class (male only) £15. Children : one under 3 years free, 3 years and under 8 quarter fare, 8 years and under 12 half fare. School Tickets 12 years and under 17 for young gentlemen and ladies proceeding to or returning from school £20, special Return Ticket available for three months £32 108. Od. Servants (when accompanying their employers) £17 10s. Od. Return Ticket, £26 108. Od. Saloon fares between Kingston, Jamaica, and ports as under :- Antigua, £12 10s.; Barbados, £8 10s.; Carthagena, £10 108.; Colon, £5 5s.; Curaçao, £14 10s.; Demerara, £12 58.; Dominica, £11 158.; Grenada, £10 15s.; Grey Town, £10 10s ; Guadaloupe, £12 10s. ; Jacmel, £5 4s. 2d.; La Guayra, £15 58.; Limon, £9 10s. ; Martinique, £11 10s. ; Montserrat, £12 10s.; Nevis, £12 10s.; Puerto Cabello, £15 158.; Savanilla, £10 108.; St. Kitts, £12 10s. ; St. Lucia, £10 10s.; St. Thomas, £12 10s.; St. Vincent, £10 10s.; Tobago, £12 10s.; Trinidad, £11 10s. By Cargo steamer:--Savanilla, £5 ; Carthagena, £6 10s. ; Colon, £8 5s. ; Limon, £11 78. 6d.; Grey Town, £12 10s. Second Class three-fifths of saloon fare, deck fare one-fifth saloon fare. Deck fare to Colon by mail steamers £1 2s. 6d. Return Tickets-saloon only) a fare and half. DISTANCES FROM PORT TO PORT TRAVERSED BY TRANSATLANTIC MAIL STEAMERS. Southampton to Barbados 3,635 miles Barbados to Jacmel 812 " Jacmel to Kingston, Jamaica . 255 " Jamaica to Colon 550 WEST INDIA AND PACIFIC STEAMSHIP COMPANY (LIMITED). Head Office, The Temple, Dale Street, Liverpool. Samuel Wright, Esq., Manager and Secretary. J. H. McDowell, Esq., Agent in Kingston. COMPANY'S FLEET. Andean 2,147 tons. William Cliff . 3,352 tons. Australian 2,498 West Indian, new 2,704 « Bernard Hall 2,678 6 Yucatan 2,816 " Costa Rican 3,251 " Louisianian, built - 3,700 6 Darien 3,362 « Cuban 3,620 " Floridian 3,257 " Mexican 3,620 " Haytian 2,336 " Nicaraguan 6 . 3,700 Jamaican 2,009 « 2 building 4,000 “ each. Texan 3,257 « The Company's steamers are despatched punctually from Liverpool on the fol- lowing routes, unless prevented by any unforeseen occurrence : To Barbados, Trinidad, La Guayra, Puerto Cabello, Curaçoa, Savanilla, Cartha- gena, Colon, and New Orleans, sailing on Saturdays, and calling at Santa Martha at fixed dates. co 2 428 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. To Colon direct (average time from Liverpool 20 days) thence to Vera Cruz, Tampico, Progresso and New Orleans, sailing every fourth Thursday, calling at Bordeaux to receive passengers and cargo. To St. Thomas, Port-au-Prince, Kingston and New Orleans, once a month, every fourth Thursday ; calling at Jacmel, Aux Cayes, and Jeremie, if inducement offers. SALOON FARES TO THE ABOVE PORTS. To Barbados, Trinidad, St. Thomas, Port-au-Prince and Kingston, £20 ; to La Guayra, Puerto Cabello, Curaçoa, Santa Martha and Savanilla, £22; to Carthagena and Colon, £22; to Progresso, Vera Cruz and Tampico, £25; to New Orleans, vis St. Thomas and Kingston, £20; to New Orleans, via Mexico or Colon, £25 ; Son loon fare from Kingston to New Orleans (direct), £10; from Kingston to Port-au- Prince, £3; from New Orleans to Liverpool direct, £20. A deposit of £5 is required to secure a berth, the balance to be paid before embarkation. A Stewardess carried. THE CLYDE LINE. Between Jamaica, London and Glasgow. Despatched by Burrell & Son; Wallace, Wilkie & Co.; and Stirling, Auld & Co., once a month. London Agents.-Park, McFadyen & Co., No. 25 Lime Street, and J. Hales Caird & Co.,5 Fenchurch Street. General Agent in Jamaica.-E. A. H. Haggart, Kingston. SUB-AGENTS. M. Sloan, Falmouth and Rio Bueno. | H. T. Ronaldson, Salt River and Milk David Brown, Savanna-la-Mar. River W. C. Nash & Co, Black River. A. H. Browne & Bros., Lucea and Green A. Hart & Son, Montego Bay. Island L. L. Fraser, St. Ann's Bay and Ocho Rios. F. R. Stanford, Annotto Bay. A. L. DaCosta, Port Maria. Boston Fruit Co., Port Morant. Boston Fruit Co., Port Antonio. D. Marshalleck & Co., Morant Bay. J. H. Levy, Brown's Town and Dry E. G. Nixon, Carlisle Bay, Alley P.O. Harbour. | S. A. Shaw, Alligator Pond. ATLAS STEAMSHIP COMPANY. The Steamers of this Company sail from New York to Kingston, Jamaica, three consecutive Saturdays in each month. From Kingston to New York every fort- night ; once every four weeks for Port Limon, and every alternate Monday at 8 a.m. for Jeremie and Port-au-Prince, returning the same way, arriving at Kingston on the following Wednesday and connecting with main steamer leaving for New York on the Thursday after. Cargo for the United Kingdom and the Continent is carried by this Company on through Bills of Lading. Messrs. Forwood Brothers, Agents, London. Messrs. Leech, Harrison & Forwood, Managers, Liverpool. Messrs. Pim, Forwood & Co., General Agents, New York. W. Peploe Forwood, General Agent, Jamaica. COMPANY'S FLEET. Adirondack 2,500 tons. Athos - 2,000 tons. Adula - 900 tons. Alene - 2,500 Alps - 1,800 » , Claribel - 1,200 , Alvo - 2,200 Andes - 1,800 , Ailsa - 2,000 , Alvena - 1,800 , Arden - 600 , The “ Adula,” the new Coastal Contract Steamer, has been built specially for the Island Service. Her passenger accommodation is forward of the engines and is on the upper deck. Every attention has been paid to the comfort of passengers. She is fitted throughout with electric lights. Her average speed is eleven knots. 4,000 STEAM COMMUNICATION. 429 PASSENGERS' FARES. To New York- Through to Glasgow per State Line- Adults $10 First Class aft berth £18 15 0 Children under 12 years 5 4 2 vo “ forward berth 17 14 2 Servants : 6 18 10 Return tickets aft berth 33 12 6 Return ticket for adults only 18 0 " " forward berth 31 10 10 0 Through to Havre, Bremen or Hamburg Through to Liverpool — Adults . 31 0 0 Adults . . 27 1 8 Return ticket 56 5 (0) Return ticket 48 5 0 Children under 12 years half fare. One infant under 3 years—FREE. Servants, two-thirds cabin fare. Passages for ser- vants are not issued for ports beyond New York. Return tickets available for 12 months. Through tickets are available to proceed from New York by any of the following lines of steamship :- To Liverpool-By the Inman, White Star or Cunard Line. To Glasgow-By the State Line. To London-By the Wilson Line. To Havre-By the Compagnie Générale Transatlantique. To Bremen-By the North German Lloyd. To Hamburg--By the Hamburg and American Packet Company. JAMAICA COASTWISE SERVICE. THE Adula (Contract Steamery leaves Kingston every alternate Tuesday at 7 a.m. on the Eastern route, and every alternate Tuesday on the Western route at 7 a.m. The Coastal Steamer makes a direct connection with the Company's main line steamers from New York, and also with the Royal Mail Company's steamers from, and to Southampton. The following are the ports called at, namely :- Morant Bay Port Maria Montego Bay Port Morant St. Ann's Bay Lucea Port Antonio Dry Harbour Savanna-la-Mar Annotto Bay Falmouth Black River Alligator Pond. PASSENGERS FARES FROM OR TO KINGSTON EAST WEST. Cabin. Deck. Ports. Cabin. Deck. $ 8. d. £ 8. d. 0 16 0 0 15 0 0 14 0 0 130 £ 8 0 10 0 17 0 OONNN WU i ito ETNO Godbo bom do000000000000 01990066 FREE Alligator Pond Black River Sav-la-Mar Lucea Montego Bay Falmouth Dry Harbour St. Ann's Bay Port Maria Annotto Bay Port Antonio Port Morant Morant Bay NNO coco CNN 0 90 dowoco00000000 0000000000 0 0 0 0 120 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 14 0 15 0 16 0 0 0 ROUND TRIP-£5. The above rates include everything except liquors. Cabin rates from port to port will remain as heretofore. 6/ for each port, which does not include Food or Berth. Deck rates from port to port will be 4s, for the first port and 1s. additional for overy port after, PILOTAGE AND HARBOUR BOARDS. 431 UNDERWRITERS AGENTS. The following Underwriters are represented in Jamaica by Davidson, Colthirst & Co.:- Lloyds, London. Board of Underwriters of Liverpool. Board of Underwriters of New York. Board of Underwriters of Philadelphia. Comité des Assureurs Maritimes of Havre, Paris & Marseilles. Italia Societa d'Assicurarioni Maritimes Fluviali é Terrestri, Genoa. Societé Anonyme d' Assurances Franco Hongroise Budapest. Austrian Lloyds, Trieste. National Board of Marine Underwriters, New York. Lloyds' Agents at Outports. Savanna-la Mar and Black River -Frank Bastian. Montego Bay and Falmouth-J. E. Kerr & Co. St. Ann's Bay-Bravo, Bro. & Co. Annotto Bay-F. Stanford, Sub-Agent. Port Antonio--P. A. Moodie, Sub-Agent. PILOTAGE AND HARBOUR BOARDS. PILOTAGE has hitherto been governed by Laws 35 of 1873,29 of 1879, and 35 of 1889, but during the Session of 1890 a petition was presented to the Legislative Council by certain Pilots asking for enquiry into the working of the Laws relating to Pilotage. The petition was referred to a Select Committee of the Council who recommended it to the consideration of the Governor. His Excellency accordingly, under the pro- visions of Law 8 of 1873, appointed a Commission of Enquiry to take evidence and report. As a result of the recommendations of the Commission Law 21 of 1891, “ The Pilotage Law, 1891," was passed by the Legislative Council. The Law repeals Laws 35 of 1873, 29 of 1879 and 35 of 1889, re-enacting, however, some of their more useful provisions. The Law enacts that the Governor may name, define and limit Pilotage and Har- bour Districts in the Island and provides for the establishment of Pilotage and Har- bour Boards of the several Districts. Section 3 provides that until altered or abolished the Districts heretofore named and defined under Law 35 of 1873 shall continue to be the Pilotage and Harbour Districts as if named and defined under the new Law The following are the Dis. tricts :- No.1 DISTRICT.-From Hector's River, the boundary of the parishes of Portland and St. Thomas, along the sea coast to the boundary of the parishes of Clarendon and Manchester. NO. 2 DISTRICT.-From the boundary of the parishes of Clarendon and Manchester, along the sea coast to South Negril Point in the parish of Westmoreland. N0,3 DISTRICT.-From South Negril Point in the parish of Westmoreland, along the sea coast to the boundary of the parishes of St. James and Trelawny. No. 4 DISTRICT.-From the boundary of the parishes of St. James and Trelawny, along the sea coast to Salt Gut in the parish of St. Mary. NO. 5 DISTRICT.-From Salt Gut in the parish of St Mary, along the sea coast to Hector's River, the boundary of the parishes of Portland and St. Thomas, The Pilotage and Harbour Boards consist of such persons not more than five in number as the Governor shall from time to time appoint, of whom one to be nomi. nated by the Governor shall be Chairman. The Governor in Privy Council has also authority to make Rules for the guidance of Boards constituted under the Law, and general Rules to be observed by all Pilots as well as special Rules for any particular Board, or for the Pilots of any particular Port, and to regulate other matters relating to Pilotage. The duties of the Boards consist of the examination of persons applying for certi- ficates of competency with a view to obtaining a Pilot's license; the holding of on- quiries (which are compulsory) in every case in which within their respective Districts any vessel under Pilotage charge touches the ground or runs foul of any other vessel or of any buoy or beacon ; the holding of enquiries at their discretion, respecting the 432 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. conduct of any Pilot, within their respective Districts, in his capacity as such Pilot ; they also have the government and control of all Pilots belonging to any Ports within their Districts, and the superintendence of all business connected with the Pilotage of such Ports and of the Channels thereto. Every person desirous of being examined by a Board for a certificate of qualifi- cation as Pilot for any Port or Ports under such Board must make application in writing, and must, previous to being examined, pay the necessary fees as laid down in the 2nd Schedule to the Law. He must undergo a careful personal examination at a sitting of the Board who will only grant a certificate on being satisfied of the candidate's nautical skill and of his possessing such complete local knowledge of the Port or Ports with respect to which the certificate is applied for as to qualify him to take pilotage charge of vessels into, in and out of the said Ports. If the certificate is granted, the Board transmit it with a report of the case to the Governor, who may then issue a license to the applicant. A license has effect from the date on which it is granted till the 31st December in the same year, and may be renewed annually at the beginning of every year, if recommended by the Pilotage Board If at the close of the year the Board shall come to the conclusion that a Pilot is unfit to be any longer entrusted with the Pilotage charge of vessels it is the duty of the Board to report the case to the Governor who may refuse to renew the license. The Pilotage Boards have also power to suspend the license of any Pilot in their districts for cause shewn. Every Pilot is required to give bond in such sum as the Board may fix, with two or more sureties to be approved by the Board, to answer any damages or expenses which may be occasioned by the unskilfulness, negligence or misconduct of the Pilot. The following are the fees now payable by Pilots for examination and license (Law 21 of 1891):- O-Noow ito oroő o tre ero os 0 Outward. £ 8. d. 1 8 0 0 4 0 0 17 0 2 6 0 For each examination under Section 12 For each examination under Section 13 For every Pilot's original license for one Port For every additional Port For each renewal of license for one Port For every additional Port 0 The fees payable to Pilots are as follows (Law 21 of 1891) :- For First Class Ports. Inward. Between beyond the prescribed distance and Kingston, not £ s. d. exceeding seven feet 2 5 0 For each additional foot and part of a foot 06 0 Between beyond the prescribed distance and Port Royal, not exceeding seven feet 17 For every additional foot and part of a foot 0 3 Between within the prescribed distance and Kingston or Port Royal, one-half of the above fees respectively (The prescribed distance is between Cow Bay Point to the east and Wreck Reef to the south) - Between Kingston and Port Royal, not exceeding seven feet 0 18 0 For every additional foot and part of a foot 0 2 6 Into or out of Old Harbour, Salt River, Sav.-la-Mar, Falmouth, not exceeding seven feet - For each additional foot and part of a foot For Second Class Ports. Not exceeding seven feet 1 10 0 For every additional foot or part of a foot 0 4 0 The second class ports are : Port Morant Montego Bay Oracabessa Morant Bay Rio Bueno Port Maria Alligator Pond Dry Harbour Annotto Bay Black River St. Ann's Bay Port Antonio Lucea Ocho Rios Manchioneal 0 10 6 0 1 6 2 5 0 PILOTAGE AND HARBOUR BOARDS. 433 PILOTAGE AND HARBOUR BOARDS. No. 1 District. No. 3 District, continued. Charles Goldie, Esq., Chairman. J. W. Parkin Esqs. A. Winter, Esq. R. P. Collymore, Clerk. Staff Commander, E. Nankivell, R.N. No. 4 District. Capt. W. Peploe Forwood. Hon. J. W. Fisher, Chairman. C. Thompson, Clerk. W. Ogilvy No.2 District. W. T. Jamison Joseph Swaby Segre, Chairman. L. C. Shirley Hon. c. S. Farquharson H. J. Kerr, Esqs. Frank Bastian H, M. Rowe, Clerk. D. Brown No. 5 District. A. G. Facey, Esqs. F. H. Barker, Esq., Chairman. J. Reid Bravo, Clerk. Henry Braham No. 3 District. A. L. Da Costa Hon. William Kerr, Chairman. Geo. H. Moodie P. A. Hart F. Stanford, Esqs. E. A. Savage R. M. Cocking, Clerk. The following are the names of Pilots and the several Ports for which they are licensed for the year 1892 :- No. 1 DISTRICT. Alexander Patrick, oid Harbour and John Freeman, Kingston Daniel Campbell, Kingston William Taylor, Kingston Alexander Patrick, Morant Bay, Port Morant, Kingston, Old Harbour and Salt River Thomas McKoy, Kingston W. G. Burton, Kingston, Morant Bay,. Port Morant, Old Harbour, Salt River and Carlisle Bay John C. Watson, Kingston, Morant Bay, Port Morant, old Harbour (includ|| ing Long's Wharf, and Salt River), Carlisle Bay and Milk River Samuel H. Tudor, Kingston Philip Hall, Kingston, Morant Bay, Port| Morant, Salt River, Carlisle Bay and Milk River. John Bryan, Kingston Thomas Dowie, Kingston William D. Henry, Port Morant, Morant Bay, Kingston, Salt River, Carlisle Bay, and Milk River J. H. Bennett, Kingston, Morant Bay and Port Morant John W. Sansom, Port Morant, Morant Bay, Kingston, Old Harbour, Salt River, Carlisle Bay and Milk River, J. H. Alford, Morant Bay and Port Morant A.P. Byrne, Morant Bay and Port Morant A. H. K. Jones, Morant Bay and Port Morant T. M. McKnight, Kingston, Morant Bay and Port Morant E. J. Sharpe, Kingston, Salt River, Car- lisle Bay and Milk River T. Mackay, Kingston, Port Morant and Morant Bay, Old Harbour, Salt River, Milk River and Carlise Bay J. H. Spray, Morant Bay, Port Morant, Kingston, Old Harbour, Salt River, Carlisle Bay and Milk River David Williams, Kingston, Morant Bay and Port Morant John William Morris, Kingston, Morant Bay, Port Morant, Carlisle Bay, Milk River and Salt River E. J. Seiders, Kingston, Morant Bay and H. Lowe, Kingston, Morant Bay, Salt River, Old Harbour, Carlisle Bay and Milk River W. C. Howell, Kingston Alexander Haig, Kingston John McFarlane, Port Morant, Morant Bay. Salt River and Kingston George Jennings, Old Harbour, including Long's Wharf and Salt River A. Haig, Kingston J. Dow, Kingston, Morant Bay, Port Mo. rant, Salt River, Milk River, Old Harbour and Carlisle Bay D. Dunn, Kingston, Morant Bay, Port Morant, Salt River, Milk River and Carlisle Bay. Port Morant No. 2 DISTRICT. Edmund Cox, Savanna-la-Mar John Williams, Savanna-la-Mar Joseph Brown, Black River Thomas Williams, Black River Charles Davis, Black River Thomas Wood, Savanna-la-Mar J. C. Watson, Savanna-la-Mar, Black River and Alligator Pond J. H. Spray, Savanna-la-Mar, Black River and Alligator Pond E. J. Sharpe, Savanna-la-Mar, Black River and Alligator Pond T. Tavares, Savanna-la-Mar D. Dunn, Savanna-la-Mar, Black River and Alligator Pond. HARBOURS AND HARBOUR MASTERS. 435 Harbour. Registered Tonnage. Vessels trad. All other ing between Vessels ex- Coasting the Tropics. cept Coast- Vessels. ing Vessels. £ 8. d. £ 0 8. 7 d. 6 Kingston Under 70 tons 70 tons and over but under 160 tons 160 tons and over but under 350 . 350 tons and over but under 850 . 850 tons and upwards Under 160 tons 160 tons and upwards ooooo PONOto dooooooo 10 0 All other harbours o 8 To i 0 . Kingston harbour . Not exceeding per quarter All other harbours | Not exceeding per quarter KINGSTON HARBOUR. Under the provisions of Law 13 of 1892, vessels entering any Harbour for the purpose of calling for orders only, are exempt from Fees provided they do not take in or discharge cargo or ballast, and do not take on board or land Passengers, and do not come into any Harbour further than the place where they are boarded by the Health Officer Vessels proceed from Port Royal to Kingston by a channel varying from 6 to 9 fathoms in depth, which in the narrowest part is a little over a cable in width, the channel throughout to the anchorage off Kingston being well buoyed and staked. Fort Augusta light is essentially a harbour light. It may be thus described : It is 37 feet above High Water-with white and red fixed lights-white light showing to the South, down South Channel; red light to the East, up the Harbour. It is on a White Iron Tripod Beacon, square white lantern with pyramidal roof, surmounted by a large “A” painted black, facing South down the South Channel - Latitude 17° 58' N. Longitude 76° 52' W. Off Kingston there is good holding ground anchoring in from 5 to 10 fathoms off the town; the majority of vessels lay alongside the different wharves to discharge or take in cargo, with their heads to the eastward, the depth of water ranging from 12 to 24 feet. Coals and provisions can be readily obtained in Kingston at reasonable market prices and water is charged by the Water Company at the following rates, viz. :- From 70 tons to 150 tons . £0 12 0 | From 501 tons and upwards. £3 0 0 " 151 " 250 " " 251 - 350 " o Steamers under 1,200 tons register 3 12 0 " 351 " to 500 " 2 8 0 And upwards 4 4 0 Foreign men-of-war anchoring off Kingston usually obtain their water by tanks on application to the Senior Naval Officer at Port Royal. Yachts are exempt from paying harbour fees, and have the same facility generally allowed by the Imperial Authorities at Port Royal for obtaining water. Telegraph ships are also exempt from harbour fees and dues. Ballast is obtained through the Authorities at the General Penitentiary from the Quarry at Rock Fort. It is put on board vessels by convict labour, at a charge at the Quarry Wharf of 2/ a ton, and at Kingston of 3/6 a ton. ESTABLISHMENT OF HARBOUR MASTERS. Other Date of Office. Name of Holder. | Salary. Emolument Appointment. Kingston K. H. A, Mainwaring, £500 0 0 Nov. '76 R.N. Morant Bay T. J. Breakspear 2000 April, '89 Port Morant O. M. Gifford Oct., '89 Port Antonio J. G. Chisholm | 60 0 0 Nov., '86 Annotto Bay G. H. Davidson Aug., '92 Port Maria G. L. Gifford Nov., '91 Ocho Rios W. M. Shaw Aug., '80 St. Ann's Bay H, W.'Donnell 20 0 0 Aug., '92 Falmouth J. C. Watson March, '87 Montego Bay E. A. Savage Dec.. 92. Lucea E. P. Pullar 0 1 Green Island June, '87. 1 4 11 ooi oi:10o Fees Fees 436 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. ESTABLISHMENT OF HARBOUR MASTERS, continued Office. Name of Holder. Savanna-la-Mar A. G. Facey Gravesend, Black River A. Robertson Alligator Pond C. A. Pasmore Dry Harbour R. H. Brice Milk River and Carlisle E. P. Mudie Bay Salt River . J. Addison Old Harbour . J, Smythe Salary. Other Date of Emolument Appointment. £2000 Sept., '92 April, '91 July, '92 April, '91 June, '81 June, '92 July, '92 RE RECEIVERS OF WRECK. UNDER the 4th section of Law 14 of 1875, A Law relating to Wrecks, Casualties to Ships and Salvage, which was passed in consequence of the old Act, 53 Geo. III. cap. 25, having been found insufficient to protect the interests of ship-owners and in- surers, and to give adequate redress to persons injured by wrecking, the Governor may appoint any Officer of Customs, Revenue Officer or other person to be a Receiver of Wreck in any district, and may fix, and from time to time alter, the limits of the district for which any Receiver is appointed. The existing districts of Receivers of Wreck and their limits as fixed by the Go- vernor are as follow :- (1.) Kingston district to include the line of coast embracing Kingston Harbour to Wreck Bay inclusive, in a westerly direction, and to Yallahs Point in an easterly direction. (2.) Port Morant District to extend from Yallahs Point to Hector's River. 3.) Port Antonio District to extend from Hector's River to Little Spanish River. (4.) Port Maria District to extend from Little Spanish River to White River. 15.) St. Ann's Bay District to extend from White River to a point one mile due east of Rio Bueno. (6.) Falmouth District to extend from and to include the Harbour of Rio Bueno to Little River. (7.) Montego Bay District to extend from Little River to Davis Cove northern shore. Savanna-la-Mar District to extend from Davis Cove, northern shore, to White House Point. (9.) Black River District to extend from White House Point to Little Pedro Point. (10.) Milk River District to extend from Little Pedro Point to Portland Point. (11.) Old Harbour District to extend from Portland Point to Wreck Bay, exclusive. The following public officers are the Receivers of Wreck for the several districts :- No. 1 District (Kingston-Charles Goldie, Collector of Customs. , (Port Morant)-G. M. Gifford, Assistant Collector of Taxes. No. 3 (Port Antonio) H.G. B. Murray, Landing Waiter. No. 4 (Port Maria-G. L. Gifford. Landing Waiter. (St. Ann's Bay)-S. Binns, Assistant Collector of Taxes. No. 6 (Falmouth)-J. A. S. Monaghan, Assistant Collector of Taxes. 1 (Montego Bay)-E. A. Savage, Assistant Collector of Taxes. No. 8 (Savanna-la-Mar)-A. G. Facey, Assistant Collector of Taxes. (Black River)-0. L. B. Cumming, Assistant Collector of Taxes. No. 10 (Milk River)-E. P. Mudie, Assistant Collector of Taxes. No. 11 , Old Harbour)-J. Addison, Assistant Collector of Taxes. The duties of the Receivers of Wreck may be briefly classified as follow:- (a.) To render assistance in cases of stranded or distressed ships or boats, including the preservation of life and property, and the suppression of plunder, disor- der or obstruction; (6.) To institute inquiries into wrecks and casualties at sea; c.) To see to the safe custody of wrecked property and the restoration thereof to the owners; (d.) To arrange the settlement of salvage claims; (e.) To see to the protection of the Customs Revenue in respect of wrecked goods. The following Table shows the fees payable to Receivers one moiety of which is paid into the Treasury and the other retained by the Receivers for their personal use :- For every examination on oath instituted by a Receiver with respect to any ship or boat which may be, or may have been, in distress, a fee not exceeding * £100 39 (010 Maret LIGHT-HOUSES. 437 £0 10 0 But so that in no case shall a larger fee than two pounds be charged for examinations taken in respect of the same ship and the same occur- rence, whatever may be the number of the deponents. For every report required to be sent by the Receiver to the Governor, the sum of For wreck taken by the Receiver into his custody, a per centage of five per cent. upon the value thereof, but in no case shall the whole amount of per centage so payable exceed twenty pounds. In cases where any services are rendered by a Receiver in respect of any ship or boat in distress not being wreck, or in respect of the cargo or other articles belonging thereto, the following fees, instead of a per centage, that is to say :- If such ship or boat, with her cargo, equals or exceeds in value six hundred pounds, the sum of two pounds for the first, and the sum of one pound for every subsequent day during which the Receiver is employed on such service; but if such ship or boat with her cargo is less in value than six hundred pounds one moiety of the above mentioned sum. LIGHT-HOUSES. THE Light-houses of the Colony are by Law 8 of 1866 under the control and management of the Director of Public Works. MORANT POINT.-This Light-house is situated at the east end of the island, and is elevated 100 feet above high water, and can be seen at a distance of 21 miles at sea in clear weather. The illuminating apparatus was, until recently, on the cato- pric principle, consisting of 15 lamps with large reflectors. The light is a revolving light, and revolves once in every three minutes, giving a bright flash once every minute. It was designed by Alexander Douglas of London, and erected in 1842 by Mr. George Groves, C. E., now Sir George Groves, who was sent out for the purpose. A third order holophotal revolving light, with flashes at intervals of one minute, has been erected in place of the original apparatus. Paraffin oil is the illuminating material used at this and the other Light-houses, a saving of about eighty per cent. on the former expenditure for cocoanut oil being effected. PLUMB POINT. —This Light-house stands on the Palisadoes at the entrance to Kingston Harbour; the tower is constructed of stone and iron, and is 70 feet in height. It exhibits a third order dioptric light from a single Douglas burner lamp, arranged to show a red light over one arc and a white light over another. The white light is visible at a distance of about 20 miles in clear weather. The position of the Light-house is in latitude 17° 54" north, longitude 76° 47" west. FOLLY POINT, Port ANTONIO.-This Light house was built under the powers of Law 17 of 1886, the mercantile community having guaranteed the Government that the revenue from dues would suffice to meet the cost of maintenance, and the interest and sinking fund in the first cost. The tower is constructed of masonry and is fire-proof throughout. The optical apparatus is dioptric of the fourth order, shewing a red light, visible at 13 miles distance over an arc of 153º, the backward rays being reflected by a dioptric mirror. ESTABLISHMENT OF LIGHT HOUSES. Office. Name of Holder. Salary and Date of First other | Appointment Emolument. Public Service. 0 0 Morant Point, Superintendent First Under Keeper Second Under Keeper Plumb Point. Superintendent First Under Keeper Second Under Keeper Folly Point. Head Keeper Under Keeper W. H. Boorman W. Branker J. Lowe A. M. Mould J. Brown R. Napier £ 8. d. 165 0 0 1st Dec., '89 1st Dec 19th Dec., '89 170 00 13th May, '81 70 0 0 18t Aug., '76 70 00 13th Feb., '88 100 0 0 23rd Nov., '89 50 0 0 11th Aprií, '88 John Sturgeon T. S. Fraser 438 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. PART XIII. THE RIO COBRE IRRIGATION CANAL. The total length of the main canal and the branches at present constructed is as follows:- Main Canal from Head Works to Jones' Dam . 6 miles. Old Harbour Branch Port Henderson do. Cumberland Pen do. Caymanas do. Heart's Ease Subsidiary Channel Hartlands do. do. Total . 324 miles. These branches can be extended and others constructed whenever required for the further development of the scheme. The cost of acquiring the lands and executing the work was about £120,000. The cost of maintenance and management has not exceeded 14 per cent. per annum. The area embraced by the canal and its branches is nearly 50,000 acres. A portion of this cannot be irrigated, as it is broken and hilly ground; but, after making all deductions, including those for roads, gullies, Spanish Town, &c., there remain fully 30,000 acres capable of being irrigated. Nearly one- half of this land is very suitable for irrigation and, with water and proper cultivation, might be made to grow almost any crop, as it is a loamy soil, slightly porous and capable of taking up water without letting it through too rapidly. The remainder is a clay soil which produces, with irrigation, excel. lent crops of sugar-cane and Guinea grass. So far, the water has not been largely used for irrigation, but experience in other countries, where similar works have eventually been most successful, has shewn that the growth of irrigation from new canals is slow and that during the first few years the works hardly pay working expenses. In the present case the novelty of agricultural irrigation in Jamaica has no doubt much to do with the slow progress it has made. Of the little which has been done nearly all, except in one or two notable instances, has been accomplished with little or no system. It is not generally understood that the distribution of water for irrigation requires intelligence and constant attention. In laying out the ground the eye should not be trusted, for even where it has become practised its accuracy requires to be tested by proper instruments. As this necessity becomes more generally recognised the profits derived from irrigated land will increase and also the area under irrigation. The cultivation at present carried on is frequently of the poorest description and the wonder is that it should be profitable at all. The annual revenue at present amounts to about £2,500, and is derived from the sale of water for irrigation, for watering stock, for supplying the Spanish Town Water Works, from the sale of fruit, &c., grown on the canal banks, and from the taxes on land and houses laid under Law 39 of 1889. A large number of cocoanut and other fruit trees have been planted on the banks, which are now yielding a fair revenue. The natural slope of the ground over which the canal is carried is consider- able, and the canal therefore affords a large mill-power. No better field for the establishment of contral factories for the manufacture of sugar could be IRRIGATION. 439 found, and of their success financially there can be little doubt, as nearly all the proprietors would grow sugar cane if they had any means of manufac- turing it. Amongst the crops which could be cultivated with profit are the following: sugar-cane, Liberian coffee, bananas, plantains, cocoa, orange, limes, and the other members of the orange family, cocoanuts, nutmegs, tobacco, Guinea grass, corn, pine-apples, pease, vegetables and various fibrous plants that are likely to be soon recognized as valuable. Opinions differ as to the quantity of water required for irrigating an acre of land and it is impossible to determine what would be applicable in all cases. It is evident that much must depend on the crop, on the cultivation and on the nature of the soil, for a quantity which might suffice for a reten. tive soil would not suffice for a sandy, porous one. General Mann, R.E., under whom, as Director of Public Works, the works were carried out, was of opinion that an average allowance of one cubic yard per hour for each acre would be sufficient, and it was upon this basis that the capacity of the canal and branches was fixed. This allowance is equal to a rainfall of 65 inches in the year. If water was applied to only one-half of the land which is capable of being irrigated, the scheme would be a success from a monetary point of view, and it is to be hoped that that result will be realised in the course of time. The gain to the districts reached by the various canals during the drought of 1884-85 is admitted to have been very great. All landholders were benefited, whether they contributed to the revenue or not, for, although many penkeepers took no water direct from the canals, they contrived to get their stock watered at streams supplied by them. The peasantry saved miles of walking to fetch water for domestic purposes by being able to take it from the canals. Very few cattle were lost in consequence of the drought, but their value was much depreciated thereby, far more than would have been the case if the water had been used to any considerable extent for irrigating pasture land. The sugar estates which would practically have done nothing without irrigation, with it did fairly well. But in this case also the results would have been more satisfactory if water had been taken to a greater ex- tent. The Engineer informed the Government that "he was not overestimat- ing the gain from the works in the financial year 1884-85 to those con- nected with the lands commanded by the canals, by placing the amount at £20,000, after deducting charges for water and cost of distribution by the consumers.” The following scale of rates for the supply of water from the canal has been promulgated by the Governor in Privy Council :- Payment according to the following scale of rates shall be made by persons taking water from the Canal or Works ; provided that no water except as hereinafter pro- vided shall be supplied for any period less than six months; and provided also that no water be supplied to any property unless the minimum yearly payment on account of such property, if of 100 acres and upwards in extent, be equal to two shillings per acre on the total area that could be irrigated ; and if the property be of less than 100 acres then to four shillings per acre on the extent that could be irrigated. All con- tiguous land in the possession of the person applying for water shall be considered as forming one property. (a) When the water is taken only for purposes other than for irrigation the fol- lowing rates shall be paid :- (1) For supplies of less than ten cubic yards per hour the rate of two pounds per cubic yard per hour per annum. 440 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. do. do. do. (2) For supplies of ten or more cubic yards per hour the rate of one pound per cubic yard per hour per annum. (b) When the water is taken and used for irrigation the following rates shall be paid :- (1) When the quantity of water taken for any one property is under 75 yards per hour the rate of fifteen shillings per cubic yard per hour per annum. (2) When the quantity of water taken for any one property is 75 cubic yards per hour the total payment of £52 0 0 per annum. 100 66 13 4 do. 125 81 5 0 150 95 0 0 do. 175 107 18 4 do. 200 do. 120 00 do. 250 do. 145 16 8 do. 300 do. do. 172 100 do. (3) When the quantity of water taken for any one property exceeds 300 cubic yards per hour the rate of eleven shillings and sixpence per cubic yard per hour per annum. (c) Or, with the consent of the Director of Public Works, water may, by special agreement, be delivered at a rate to be fixed by him not to be less than thirty shillings per acre for each acre irrigated. (d) For permission, at the option of the Director of Public Works, to take water at bridges or other places for domestic use only, the rate of five shillings per annum shall be paid, unless a water cart is used, in which case the rate shall be ten shillings per annum for each person. (e) Special prices and terms may be made by the Director of Public Works in case of large supplies of water of 500 cubic yards an hour and upwards, and also for water for driving machinery or for other special purposes. When water is taken for irrigation, arrangements may be made, at the option of the Director of Public Works, for giving an accumulated supply at certain fixed periods in lieu of a constant supply; also for varying the points of deli- very. (g) Any consumer who pays for water to an extent not less than 7s. 6d. an acre on the extent of his property that could be irrigated, may be granted tempora- rily an extra supply for a period of not less than one month, such extra sup. ply to be paid for at the rate of one shilling and sixpence a month for each cubic yard per hour. Under Law 39 of 1889, which came into operation on April 1st, 1890, a special tax has been laid on all lands and houses within certain limits benefited by the Canals, but persons purchasing water from the Commissioners are exempt from payment of the tax. COMMISSIONERS. Hon. Neale Porter, C.M.G., Colonial | Hon. V.G. Bell, M.I.C.E., Director of Pub- Secretary. lic Works. Hon. T. L. Harvey, Custos, St. Catherine. Secretary-Vacant at time of printing, salary £30 per annum. Superintendent-H. A. Stafford. KINGSTON GAS WORKS. The subject of lighting Kingston with gas seems to have been first mooted in 1866 when Mr. S. C. Burke agitated the question. Nothing, however, was done in the matter till 1870, when Mr. W. Climie applied to the Governor, Sir J. P. Grant, on behalf of some capitalists in England for a concession to erect gas works for the supply of the city, such concession to extend over a period of thirty years. The fur- ther terms proposed were : that the maximum price should be 18) per 1,000 cubic feet; that the gas should be used for lighting the streets and all public buildings; and that all imported materials should be duty free. These terms did not prove ac- GAS WORKS. 441 ceptable to Sir J. P. Grant, who considered that such a concession would place it beyond the power of the inhabitants of Kingston to obtain gas on what he thought reasonable, or anything approaching reasonable, terms. The same answer was re- turned to Mr. T. L. Harvey who applied in 1871 for a similar concession; the Go- vernor remarking that if gas was to be provided he would recommend that the pro- vision be made for establishing Government gas works, thereby avoiding all the very serious objections to long monopolies to private parties. On Sir J. P. Grant referring the proposal to establish Government gas works to the Kingston Municipal Board he was met by the very curious objection that the lighting up of the streets would be attended with considerable disadvantage, unless accompanied by a more efficient Police Force, in consequence of the fact that the “unscientific and ignorant depredating class of the community have great fear of darkness, and generally take advantage of the light of the moon for their operations.”' In other respects the proposal was hailed with satisfaction. The objection, somewhat surprised the Governor, who thereupon called on the Police Authorities for their opinion. Major Prenderville (the Inspector General) showed that of the 74 burgla- ries and larcenies committed between January 1870 and September 1871, inclusive, only eighteen were committed on dark and partly moonlight nights, which were two hundred and fifty-four in number. The unanimous opinion of the Officers of Police was that street lighting would be a help to the Constabulary and a difficulty in the way of the thief, an opinion which Major Prenderville endorsed and sustained by the writings of Saint John, who said in his Gospel eighteen hundred years ago that “ Every one that doeth evil hateth the light and cometh not to the light, that his works may not be reproved.” Sir J.P. Grant, fortified by these opinions, caused a bill to be passed through the Legislative Council during the Session of 1872, appointing as Gas Commissioners the persons holding for the time being the respective offices of Colonial Secretary, Director of Public Works, Auditor General, Custos of Kingston and Custos of St. Andrew, and empowering them to raise by debentures the sum of £30,000 for the purpose of erecting gas works and working the same. The works were commenced early in 1875 and completed in 1877, the town being lighted with gas for the first time on the 10th May. The works were constructed under the superintendence of Mr. John Stiven. They consist of a retort house con- taining six beds of retorts, a building containing the exhaust engine and boilers, the two scrubbers, the station meter, the governor and photometer, the purifying and lime house, the coal shed, and two gas holders capable of holding 30,000 cubic feet each, or about one day's supply. The cost of the works, including the mains and 502 street lamps for lighting the city, was £35,676. The works are situated beyond the railway station and present a good appearance to the railway line, the building being exceptionally massive and well built. The quantity of gas made averages 14 million cubic feet per annum; the amount of coals carbonized amounting to 300 tons of cannel and 1,200 tons of common. The public lights consume about one-third the quantity of gas made, the street lamps being lit on an average 190 hours per month. The number of meters fixed up to the 31st March, 1891, was 400, supplying over 6,000 lights. The average cost of introducing gas into a dwelling house has been 108. per light. This, of course, is exclusive of the cost of the gaseliers, which vary in value very greatly. The average consumption of gas in different institutions and dwellings has been as follows :- Public Institutions 10,000 to 20,000 cubic feet per month, Churches, Chapels, &c. 3.000 to 5.000 Dwellings above £100 rental 2,000 to 3,000 " from £50 to £100 rental 1,000 to 2,000 " below £50 rental 500 to 1,000 The receipts for the year ended the 31st March, 1892, were £8,206 and the expen- diture £6,175 without the charge of £1,685 15s. 8d. for interest. The prices charged for gas, &c., are as follow :- For each street lamp, per annum £5 13 01 With 20 per cent. discount For gas consumed, per 1,000 feet 0 15 OS for prompt payment. DD 442 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. For Gas consumed by Engines and Stoves £0 15 0 with 40 per cent. for prompt payment, For coke, per ton 1 10 0 For tar, per gallon 0 0 6 For quick lime, per barrel 0 3 9 For temper lime, per phn. 2 4 3 For temper lime, per barrel 0 7 3 The price charged for gas, virtually 12/ per 1,000 cubic feet, compares favourably with the rates elsewhere in the West Indies, the price being in Demerara 15), Barbados 15), St. Thomas 15), Havana 20/, Santiago de Cuba 247, Panama 24/. It has been calculated that to produce a light equal to that given by the combus- tion of 1,000 cubic feet of gas 18 candle power would require- 47 lbs. of tallow candle at 6d. per lb. £1 3 659 gallons of colza oil at 5/per gallon £1 7 6 40lbs.composition candle at i/per lb. 20 016 gallons kerosene oil at 2/ pergallon 012 o Good gas, therefore, at 12) is far cheaper, light for light, than any other illuminant with the exception of kerosene oil and naptha, but if loss of time in trimming wicks and cost of broken chimneys be taken into account it is questionable whether gas is not cheaper than any kind of mineral oil. COMMISSIONERS. Hon. Neale Porter, C.M.G., Colonial Secre- | Hon. G. Stiebel, c.m.g., Custos of St. Andrew, tary, Chairman. Hon. v. G. Bell, M.I.C.E., Director of Pub teraf puh. | Hon.C.J. Ward, C.M.G., Custos of Kingston lic Works. | Wor. Dr. Ogilvie, Mayor of Kingston. R. S. Haughton, Esq., Managing Commissioner, Mr. Haughton receives, as Managing Commissioner, a salary of £100 per annum. Engineer-Mr. O. F. Monier Williams, salary £600 per annum with residence.* Assistant Engineer—Mr. Frederick Kemble, A.M.I.C.E., salary £250 per annum with £50 travelling allowance.* Secretary-Mr. C. C. Anderson. KINGSTON AND LIGUANEA WATER WORKS. The City of Kingston and plains of Liguanea are supplied with water from two sources, namely, the Hope River and the Wag Water. The town and district were formerly dependent entirely on water supplied by wells, and that yielded by a few springs along the harbour. A Company was incorporated about the year 1847 to supply Kingston from a subterranean source supposed to exist near Barbican. Many thousands of pounds were spent in sinking shafts, driving adits and con- structing a tunnel to lead the water by gravitation to Halfway-Tree. The scheme proved a total failure, but the Company in 1849 were fortunate enough in being able to purchase from the Duke of Buckingham a portion of the Hope Estate, to- gether with the water rights to four-ninths of the supply in the Hope River. Re servoirs were built at Hope and Montgomery's Corner and a line of 9-inch mains was laid for the supply of the city. These works delivered an indifferent supply of unfiltered water once or twice a day for household purposes. The pressure was so poor that little or no protection was afforded the inhabitants against fire. In 1871 the Government purchased the rights of the old Company for the sum of £51,200, and immediately set to work to construct new works at a further expen- diture of £87,000. These works were completed in 1876 and consist of:- 1st. A concrete culvert over three miles in length, from Hope to Cavaliers. 2nd. A large settling reservoir, 256 feet long by 160 in breadth and 20 in depth, capable of containing 24 million gallons. 3rd. Two filter beds, each 200 feet long by 100 broad by 7 feet in depth. They contain the necessary filtering materials, such as small stone, gravel and sand, superposed in layers, and are each capable of filtering 1,500,000 g 4th. A pure water tank, 200 feet by 180 and 20 feet in depth, capable of holding 3,000,000 gallons, or upwards of a days' supply to the city. The water for the town supply is drawn from this tank, which is 156 feet above the mean sea level, by a 21-inch main and is then distributed over the city by means of 12, 6, 4 and 2-inch cast iron mains measuring in the aggregate some 35 miles. hours. * Messrs. Williams and Kemble receive their salaries for services in connection both with the Gas Works and the Water Works. WATER WORKS. 443 Owing to successive droughts the water supplied by the Hope was found insufficient for the growing needs of Kingston and St Andrew, and in 1885 the Water Commis- sioners obtained powers to enable them to obtain the water rights belonging to Con. stant Spring Estate. These were bought, together with nearly 800 acres of land, for the sum of £8,000. Works for utilizing this additional supply were begun in 1886 and completed in 1887 at a total cost, including the purchase of water rights and land, of £19,112. The Works themselves comprise an arched concrete intake on the bank of the river, the opening being guarded by a stout iron grating. An open culvert con- ducts the water to the tunnel which is thirty-six chains in length and varies in size very considerably, being some 6 feet high by 4 feet wide at the north end, but diminishing to the south end to 44 feet by 3 feet. This tunnel was constructed about a hundred years ago for the supply of Constant Spring Estate and is stated to have cost with the immense masonry dam to the aqueduct, together with the expenses of a lawsuit caused by diverting the water of the river, some £80,000. The water after leaving the tunnel flows along the bottom of a valley, where it is joined by a spring that rises on the south side of the range. From the junction the water is conveyed about 40 chains by an open culvert, terminating in a circular catch pit from whence the water is led into two reservoirs, each 200 feet long by 100 feet wide by 16 feet deep. These reservoirs contain 1} million of gallons each and are constructed of cement concrete, backed by a layer of clay puddle. A 10-inch and a 9-inch main, 3 miles long carry the water to within half a mile of Halfway-Tree, where a junction is effected with the existing system of mains. Branch mains have been laid to supply Swallowfield, Penwood, Molynes, Cassia Park and Grant's Pen. The town main's have also been extended along the Spanish Town Road and the Windward Road. In all, upwards of 15 miles of pipes have been laid in connection with these Works, and several tracts of land in St. Andrew are now rendered available as pens for raising and keeping stock that were previously of little value to the owners. The supply from both sources is on the constant and high pressure system, and all water consumed by the town, which amounts to about 3,000,000 gallons in 24 hours. is filtered at Cavalier's, but the water supplying the outlying districts is drawn dia rect from the reservoirs at Hope and Constant Spring and is not filtered, although the supply is constant. The water supplied to Kingston is of excellent quality as shown by the following statement of the mean of ten different analyses by Mr. J.J. Bowrey, F.C.S., F.1.c.. the Government Analytical Chemist :- All results, excepting "Hardness," are stated in grains per gallon of water. Chlorine in Chlo- rides. Phosphoric Acid. Nitrogen in Ni. trates and Ni- trites. Ammonia Albuminiod Am- monia. Oxygen obsorbed in 15 minutes, Oxygen obsorbed in 4 hours. Total solids dried at 220° F. Degrees of Hard- ness before boiling. Degree of Hard- ness after boiling. Mean of ten diffe- 1 rent samples taken as delivered from the pipes at Che- mist's Laboratory, 1: 1 0.318 Traces. 0.00293 0.0095 East Street, and at the General Peni- tentiary from 24th February to5th Sep- tember, 1891. 0.00378 0.01448 0.02539 14.835 8.375 3.91 Mr. Bowrey in connection with the above analyses states : « On each occasion the water was clear and bright and the microscopic examination was satisfactory. The first four samples were collected during dry weather, the remaining six while there were frequent heavy showers in the hills. The results of these different conditions DD 2 444 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA, are very evident in the analyses. In no instance has the water, judged simply by the analytical results, boen other than of first rate quality.” WATER RATES. When the property shall be under the annual value of £6 (except houses included in class I in the lst section of Law 27 of 1869) 28. per month. When the property shall be of the annual value of £6 and under £10 38. 20 49 NA . 88. 108. 12s. 148. 80 TO 150 100 16s. 150 and upwards 188. The limits within which such rates are payable are as follows: From a line begin- ning at the harbour at the southern end of Paradise Street, running northerly along that street to the Windward Road, westerly along the Windward Road to Barne's Gully, thence northerly, following the course of such gully as far as the northern boundary of the parish of Kingston, as defined by Law 20 of 1867 ; following that boundary westward as far as the Spanish Town Road; thence south-easterly along the Spanish Town Road to the Kingston Pen Road; thence southerly along the line of the Kingston Pen Road to the harbour; and thence along the shore of the har- bour to the point of starting. The occupier of a property, used for any of the purposes mentioned in the 2nd sub-section of the 6th section of Law 18 of 1875, pays in addition to the prescribed rate such sum as the Commissioners may in each case specially declare. The occupier of a property not used as a residence, nor for any of the purposes last referred to, pays a sum equal to one-third of the prescribed rate. The quantity of water to which each ratepayer is entitled under the 9th section of Law 1 of 1875 is as follows:- 28. per month 100 gallons a day. 150 48. 60. 200 250 88. 108. 128. 168. 300 350 400 500 600 148. 1,000 188. Stores 250 Scales shewing the additional sums to be paid under section 10 of Law 18 of 1875 by ratepayers requiring an extra supply of water for purposes not compre- hended in the 2nd sub-section of section 6:- For a bath exceeding 200 gallons in capacity, ls. 3d. per month for every 100 gallons of capacity or fraction of 100 gallons above 200, or such other payment as may be in any case specially agreed to by the Commissioners. For a garden exceeding 600 square yards in area, ls. per month for every 200 square yards or fraction of 200 square yards above 600 square yards, or such other payment as may be in any case specially agreed to by the Commissioners. every fountain or stand pipe 2s. a month; provided that no ratepayer shall be required to pay for a fountain or stand pipe in a garden as well as for excess of area of a garden; but if a fountain or stand pipe be provided in a garden exceeding 600 square yards in area the ratepayer shall be charged, at the rate hereinbefore stated, for either the fountain or stand pipe oply, or for the excess of area of the garden only, at the option of the Commissioners. For extra supplies of water under section 10 of Law 18 of 1875 at the rate of ls. for 1,000 gallons, except as hereinbefore provided for baths of large size, for gardens and for fountains and stand pipes, WATER WORKS. 445 THE SPANISH TOWN WATER WORKS. In 1836, the Marquis of Sligo being Governor, a Company was formed for sup- plying Spanish Town with water from the Rio Cobre, which was obtained by pump- ing and was distributed through the town in cast iron pipes. From that year unti? 1870 the Company continued in operation, but the supply of water distributed was limited and very irregular, entire stoppages of several weeks' duration often occurring from various causes, and the undertaking was financially not a success. In 1870 the works were purchased by the Government and put in thorough order ; the mains were relaid and extended, suitable pumping machinery was erected, and a new masonry service reservoir built to hold 150,000 gallons. The supply of water under the new arrangement was regular but not continuous, each ratepayer being entitled to water only for a certain number of hours daily, Sundays excepted, when no water was supplied. In 1877 a bill was passed through the Council (Law 16 of 1877) for providing Spanish Town with a constant supply of water from the Rio Cobre Irrigation Canal by gravitation. The new works were commenced early in 1879 and were sufficiently advanced by August in that year for pumping to be discontinued. The water is taken from the main canal at Hog Hole Pen, about two miles to the north of Spa- nish Town, and is led into a settling reservoir, formed at that place, having a capa- city of one-and-a-half million gallons, equal to about ten days' supply. From the reservoir the water is conveyed to Spanish Town in an eight-inch cast iron main, Service pipes are laid on to every house in the town and the supply of water is con- stant, day and night. Within certain limits the water-rate is compulsory under the new system. The prevailing and minimum rate is 1s. 6d. per month, while formerly for an intermit- tent supply it was 5s. per month. COMMISSIONERS. Hon. Neale Porter, C.M.G., Colonial Secre- | Hon. V. G. Bell, M.I.C.E., Director 08 Pub. tary. lic Works. Hon, Thomas L. Harvey, 'Custos of St. Catherine. Collector-The Collector of Taxes for St. Catherine-Five per cent. commission. Secretary-Mr. M. H. Cooke (acting). Superintendent of Works-Mr. T. Gayleard, salary £40 per annum, OLD HARBOUR WATER WORKS. For many years the want of water was very much felt at Old Harbour and the inhabitants suffered greatly in times of drought. In 1876 the late Hon. L. F. Mac- kinnon, then Custos of St. Catherine, brought the necessity of a water supply to the notice of the Government and the people also petitioned for the construc- tion of water works. After several projects had been considered and reported on by the Public Works Department it was decided in 1878 that the best available supply was to be obtained from Bower's River, at a point situated five miles to the north of Old Harbour in a deep gorge on Colbeck's Estate. The late Honourable Isaac Levy was most ener- getic in pushing on the preliminary arrangements and in 1881 the Municipal Board requested that the necessary work should be undertaken by the Director of Public Works, under section 10 of Law 18 of 1881. The Works were accordingly commenced in December, 1881; water was delivered in Old Harbour in February, 1882, and all the householders had service pipes laid on to their premises by the first of April, 1882, from which date they have continued to receive a constant supply, day and night. The main, from the intake at Bower's River to Old Harbour, a distance of five miles, 12 chains, consists of a single line of four-inch cast iron pipes. The mains in Old Harbour consist of 957 yards of four-inch and 2,024 yards of two-inch cast iron piping. The water has been laid on to 209 houses, all of which have been supplied with separate half-inch galvanized wrought iron service pipes, brass stop- cocks and delivery cocks. The Jamaica Railway and several properties outside the prescribed limits have also been supplied with water. Hydrants for fire purposes are distributed over the town. The intake being 325 feet higher than Old Harbour water can be thrown 446 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA, many feet above the highest house without the aid of a fire engine. The pressure is more than twice as great as it is in Kingston. The water, which is of excellent quality, is not filtered. The cost of the works was £3,710 17s: 8d. ; they were maintained by the Director of Public Works until the 1st of August, 1882, when they were handed over to the St. Catherine's Municipal Board; they are now managed by the Parochial Board of that parish. Within the prescribed limits the rates are compulsory and are as follows:- For houses under the annual value of £6 2/6 per month. For houses of the annual value of £6 and under £10 3/6 20 20 99 10 " 35 35 50 50 % 75 75 and upwards Outside the limits the rates are :- For a supply through a pipe of half-inch diameter " three-quarter-inch diameter The revenue is estimated at £500 per annum and the annual cost of maintenance is £50. The rates are collected by the Assistant Collector of Taxes at Old Harbour, under section 8 of Law 18 of 1881. The extension of the mains to Old Harbour Bay, and as far as the Rectory on the Spanish Town Road has been completed. THE FALMOUTH WATER COMPANY. This Company was established by an Act of Incorporation (40 Geo. III., chap. 29) in 1799 for supplying the Town of Falmouth and the shipping resorting to the port with water from the Martha Brae River. The subscribed capital of the Company was $12,000 in 400 shares of £30 each. There are extant but 299 of these shares, 101 having been cancelled as forfeited under the statute by the failure of the holders to pay calls. The water is brought into the town from the Martha Brae River by pipes a dis- tance of about two miles, being raised at the source of supply by a dam and Persian wheel; the works also include a steam engine and force pump, used as auxiliary to the Persian wheel when necessary. Under its Act of Incorporation the Company levies a rate of 10 per cent. upon the rental (estimated annually by the Parochial Board of Trelawny) of every house in Falmouth, and of 3 fod. per ton on every vessel entering the harbour, whether taking water or not, except vessels of war, ships in distress, and droghers of less than 25 tons, an allowance of 10 per cent. is now made to ships paying water rates. The revenue derived from shipping has on certain conditions been sold by the Water Company to the Atlas Steamship Company. There have been paid to the shareholders during the last five years dividends averaging £1 16s. per share per annum. The affairs of the Company are managed by a President and twelve Directors elected annually. The possession of two shares qualifies for election as a Director, DIRECTORS. Joseph Shearer, Esq., President. Geo. Robertson, Esq. John Delisser Hugh Shearer Hon. William Kerr John H. Clerk John W. Parkin Henry Sewell Walter O'Gilvy Lawrence W. Sharpe Chas. A. Nunes James Sime A. L. Delgado, Esqs. Treasurer-Mr. Chas. A. Nunes Secretary and Collector-Mr. Theodore Mitchell De Pass. Deputy Collector-Mr. B. Bernard. Supt. of Works-Mr. Matthew Scott, GENERAL WATER SUPPLY. TAERE are many parts of the Island of Jamaica where there is a deficient supply of water from natural sources, arising not from too small an annual rainfall but from the porous nature of the soil and the geological formation of the underlying BATH OF ST. THOMAS. 449 The matron now supplies groceries and other necessaries at reasonable charges to lodgers and will board those who desire her to do so. Her ordinary charge for board is 4) per day. To afford facility to visitors who prefer to board themselves the Di- rectors have made arrangements with the proprietor of a Pen in the vicinity to supply (whenever required) mutton, poultry, eggs, and milk to the Institution. The Bath has rarely been so well patronized since April last, and the receipts cor- respondingly satisfactory. A noticeable feature is that nearly all the visitors have been natives, a large percentage being Kingstonians. Visitors have hitherto recorded their complaints against the management in the visitors' book which seldom comes under the notice of the Directors, who now request that complaints may be made in writing and addressed to the Secretary, May Pen P.O. A Commission to consider the best means of increasing the usefulness of the Bath, consisting of the Hon. R. Craig, the Hon. J. P. Clark and the Hon. C. B. Mosse, C.B.: was appointed last year and have made their report; but no action has yet been taken on it. The analysis of the Milk River Bath Water gives the following mineral consti. tuents in 1,000 parts of water, viz. : Chloride of Sodium i 20.77 1 Chloride of Potassium . 0.16 Sulphate of Soda . 3.40 | Chloride of Calcium 1.50 Chloride of Magnesium . 4.12 | Besides traces of Lithia, Bromine and Silica. DIRECTORS. Quintin Logan, Esq., Chairman. Hon. Robert Craig William Harty John P. Welsh, A. E. Abrahams P. H. Rubie, Esqs. Dr. R. C. Gibb C. F. Nairne, Esqs. H. E. Upton G, Reddish Rev. Alex. Eastwood George Turland Rev. George Turner George Murray, Esq. I w. C. R. Chandler, Esqs. | Isaac P. Martin, Esqs. Clerk-J. W. 'Welsh, salary £20. Matron-Mrs. M, E. Tilley, salary £60. Mr. C. M. Sandford of the Milk River Store runs vehicles from the Clarendon Park Railway Station to Milk River. Persons desirous of visiting the Bath should communicate with Mr. Sandford. BATH OF ST. THOMAS THE APOSTLE. This thermal spring is situated about a mile and-a-half from the town of Bath in the parish of St. Thomas. The road from the town to the spring follows the windings of a deep and narrow valley or gorge, in the bottom of which flows a perennial stream to which, rolling down the rocky sides covered in fern, numerous rills contribute. The mineral springs occur in a short space breaking out from the rocks at different levels, and by their warmth their waters are at once distinguished from the ordinary waters of the gorge. The largest spring issues from the face of a perpendicular rock. A covered reservoir of masonry has been built round its outlet, and a pipe fixed in it carries the water to the bath house, while a plug gives the means of emptying it and of preventing the flow of water to the baths. In wet weather the temperature of the water, as it runs from the rock, was taken at 128°F., and it rises in dry weather to 130° F. A short distance further up the gorge is a spring surrounded with masonry in a similar manner to the main spring. Its temperature was taken at 120°F. These waters are of special value in rheumatic, scrofulous and skin diseases, Tra- dition asserts that they were discovered by a negro who in his own person found their efficacy. The Legislature of the day granted £1,250 currency, equal to £750 sterling, to purchase the springs and 1,130 acres of land surrounding them. Directors were appointed and they were empowered to make a road, erect buildings and provide necessaries for patients. In 1749 the Directors were empowered to dispose of part of the land and to form a town, and the town of Bath thus sprung into existence ; it was for many years the resort of the elite of Jamaica society. In 1789 a Botanic Garden, which had been established at the expense of the public, was placed under the charge of the Directors of the Bath and constituted an addi- tional charm for the visitors to the springs. What remains of this garden is now used as a nursery for the propagation of some valuable cinnamon plants of the original stock introduced into the island, especially the nutmeg. 450 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. A new building has lately been erected for the accommodation of visitors. It is two stories high, 52 ft. by 21 ft., divided into two apartments for ladies and gentle- men, respectively. The upper part contains a spacious hall for gentlemen and a sit- ting room for ladies with a pleasantly situated piazza. This portion of the building is being fitted up as a lodging for invalids. The lower part of the building contains a dressing room and two baths for ladies, 7 ft. by 3 ft. 7 in., and a sitting room for gentlemen, with four baths of the same size as the ladies' baths. It has been desired for some time past to lead the waters from the spring into the town of Bath so as to make them more accessible to invalids. The obstacle is the want of funds, which may soon be removed as the transfer of the Bath to the Go- vernment is under consideration. The analysis of the Bath water gives the following mineral constituents in one gal. lon of water :- Chloride of Sodium 13.84 Silica 2.72 Chloride of Potassium . 0.32 Oxide of Sodium, combined} Sulphate of Calcium 5.01 1.00 with Silica Sulphate of Soda 6.37 Carbonate of Soda 1.69 Organic matter 0.99 DIRECTORS. Chas. Hope Levy, Esq., A. E. Hollis Rev. H. T. Humphrey F. A. Rogers Josiah Smikle J. Thompson Wm. Rankin M. J. Cresser J. H. Cathcart W. F. Harrison W. C. Porter, Esqs. W. A. Henderson Rev. M. B. Campbell W. A. R. Carr Jas. Harrison J. P, Provan Esqs. W, H, Carter Dr. J. S. Gerrard A. H. Groves, Esqs. Clerk and Keeper of Baths.-D, E, D. Bates, salary £30 per annum. man. THE MAY PEN CEMETERY. TAE land comprising the May Pen Cemetery, situated about one mile from King. ston, on the main road to Spanish Town, was purchased in 1851 with a sum of money voted by the Legislature for the purpose of providing a new burial ground for the parish of Kingston. In consequence of questions which arose as to the persons en- titled to a legal and equitable estate in the property under a deed of conveyance to the Bishop of Jamaica and the Rector and Churchwardens of Kingston, upon certain trusts which were not in conformity with the intention of the Legislature, it was deemed advisable to resort to legislation to vest the estate in the Municipal Board of King- ston. Law 21 of 1874 was therefore passed for this purpose, and for the establish- ment and general management of the Cemetery, which latter is placed in the hands of the Board, subject to the power of the Governor to make regulations and special orders. This law further provides for the assignment of portions of the burial ground to the several religious denominations, and for the discontinuance of burials in exist- ing burial grounds by Order in Council, and the imposition of penalties for contra- vention of such orders. Portions of the Cemetery have been assigned as follows to the several religious de- nominations : Acres. Roods. Prchs. Episcopalians Wesleyans Roman Catholics Baptists (East Queen Street) Ditto (Hanover Street) Congregationalists United Presbyterians United Methodists Native Baptists (Lyle's Chapel) Ditto (Church Street) Ditto (Text Lane) . Pauper Ground .. ၁ဝဝဝ 88888889 .. . . . .. 888316 . 46 452 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. Name. Locality. The Burial Ground of the Parish Church Parade. Strangers' Ground Barry St., West, opposite Railway Station. Strangers' Ground, Upper and Lower Corner of Spanish Town Road and East of the Kingston Pen Road, Gardner's Ground of London Missionary. Race Course, West. Strangers' Ground Corner of West St. and Spanish Town Road. Cow Pen Ground of Wesleyan Methodist : Elletson Road, West. Griffith's Ground of United Methodist Free Church Fletcher's Land. Pinnock's Ground of Wesleyan Society . Ditto. Private Ground for the Mission of the East Queen Street Baptist Chapel of the Lon- don Society East Queen Street. Baptist Ground Adjoining Kellet's Chapel in the Elletson Road, East. Baptist Ground Elletson Road, West. Roach's Ground for Baptists . Race Course and Fletcher's Land, German Jews Ground Elletson Road, East. Spanish and Portuguese Jews Ground Church Street, East. Spanish and Portuguese Jews Ground Church Street, West. Roman Catholic Ground Upper Orange Street. The Burial Ground of St. Michael's Church Tower Street, East. The Burial Ground of the Roman Catholic Church Duke Street. Burial Ground of London Missionary Society North Street, West. Burial Ground of Roman Catholic Church. N.W.corner of East Queen St. & Hanover St. Native Baptist Chapel Ground Text Lane. Native Baptist Chapel Ground Corner of Highholborn and East Queen Sts, MARKETS. 1.--THE VICTORIA AND JUBILEE MARKETS IN KINGSTON. The Victoria Market building is a remarkably handsome and very commodious iron structure. It is within a rectangular space which is enclosed by an iron railing on a brick wall, the dimensions of the enclosure being 306 feet north to south and 159 feet east to west. In the centre of each of the four sides are the entrance gates, the prin. cipal one being on the western side from King Street; this entrance is by an arched way between two rooms which serve as offices, the whole being surmounted by a clock tower. There is a fountain immediately opposite the main entrance. The building is supported by 40 cast iron columns fifteen feet in height and octa. gonal in form, placed at distances forty-five feet apart from north to south and twenty- four feet nine inches from east to west. The space of the roof trusses is forty-five feet and they are placed eight feet three inches apart. The roof covering is of galvanized corrugated iron, the area under cover being 3,837 square yards. The building is entirely surrounded by a verandah seven feet in width supported by eight columns of the same character as the main columns; the object of the verandah is to give additional protection against rain and the slant rays of the sun. There are 92 benches to receive the articles exposed for sale ; each bench is twenty feet long and four feet wide. They are so arranged as to form lanes twelve feet in width running north and south for the public to circulate in. Between the backs of the ranges of benches a space four feet nine inches in width is set apart for the sellers. These benches are so divided as to give 246 stalls with an aggregate lineal space of 1,840 feet. The benches are of cast iron with slate tops. The flooring of the market is of Portland cement on a strong bed of concrete, the drains being formed of the same material and covered with perforated cast iron plates. Water is laid on to 20 taps attached to columns, in various parts of the building, which is freely used for keeping the building clean. The cost of the market, including the lands purchased, was £22,778. The public landing place of the city is opposite to the southern gate of the market; it is 60 feet in length and 21 feet in breadth, with wooden flooring and stone steps leading into the sea; the structure which is very neat, is covered with a light iron roof. The cost of this landing place, with that of an adjacent one for the use of trading boats, &c., was £2,238. This sum includes the cost of building a handsome cut stone quay-wall along the beach and in front of the market 233 feet in length. MARKETS. 453 The total amount for these structures, £25,016, was raised by a loan, guaranteed by the Government, of £20,000, and an advance of £5,016 from the Public Treasury. The market fees, which in 1891-92 amounted to £3,562 Os. 1d. provide for the working expenses and for the interest and sinking fund of the loan of $20,000. The market was first opened to the public on the 24th May, 1872, when Governor Sir John Peter Grant named it after Her Most Gracious Majesty “ The Victoria Market.” During the period under review arrangements were made whereby the country people who, on Saturdays, were compelled to sell their goods, exposed to sun and rain in the open space adjoining the Victoria Market, were provided with accom- modation in the covered market, a change which has been greatly appreciated. The following are the fees taken at the Victoria Market under Law 15 of 1872, sec. 3: For each Butcher's stall for the For each stall for the saleof Poultry sale of Beef or Veal for a day or or Game for a day or part of a day £00 6 part of a day. . £0 3 6 For each stall for the sale of Vege- For each stall for the sale of Mut. tables, Ground Provisions, Grain, Fruit and Eggs for a day or part ton (Sheep) or Pork for a day or of a day 2006 part of a day. · 0 3 0 For each stall for a day or part of a For each stall for the sale of Goats' day, whereat may be sold Salt, Flesh for a day or part of a day 0 1 0 Spices,Butter, saltor fresh,Bread, For each stall for the sale of Liver Cakes or other food not above for a day or part of a day . 0 1 0! mentioned and not prohibited, For the sale at any stall set apart Milk or other drink not pro. hibited 0 0 6 for the purpose of any weight of Fresh Fish not exceeding 25lbs. For each stall for a day or part of 0 0 6 a day, whereat may be sold any And for every additional 25lbs, or miscellaneous articles not above fractional part of 25lbs. 0 0 6 mentioned, such as the Market For each stall for the sale of Turtle 1 Commissioners from time to time for a day or part of a day : 0 2 6 shall permit to be sold thereat 0 0 9 Where a whole bench is rented for a week or more, a reduction of one-sixth is to be allowed from the rents as above stated. The following are the fees for articles taken for sale into the Victoria Market :- *For each cart with articles for sale For each barrel with articles 0 0 3 (except Charcoal) £0 1 0 For each bag of rice, 168lbs. . 0 0 2 For each cart with Charcoal . 0 1 6 For each bag of corn, 112lbs. . for each hamper load of articles 0 03 | For each sack of salt 0 0 2 For each can of New Sugar . 0 0 3 For each case or box under 6 cubic For each beast load of articles . 0 6 feet 0 0 2 For each head load 02 For each case or box above 6 cubic For each lot of tubs, yabbas, feet . : 0 0 6 or tinware not exceeding 2 doz. 0 0 6 In addition to the foregoing rates For each Sucking Pig or Kid . 0 0 3 on articles brought into this mar- For each lot of brooms not exceed- ket for sale there shall be paid by ing 3 doz. 0 0 1 each person making use of a stall For each lot of baskets not exceed- for a day or part of a day : 0 0 6 ing 3 doz. . · 0 0 3 A Public Market called “ The Sollas Market” was for over a century held in the upper part of Orange Street. It consisted of an open space, surrounded by a wooden structure, and was devoid of every convenience for those by whom it was frequented. The people, through rain and sunshine, sat huddled together on the ground in the centre space, with no protection from the elements. For some time the Market Commissioners of Kingston contemplated the rebuilding of the Market, but they delayed this necessary undertaking until the hurricane of 1886 blew down the fragile structure and compelled them to take action. A plan was obtained from Mr. G. N. Cox. Thirty stalls were erected in the new Market and space was provided for a thou- sand persons. The stalls were covered with well constructed sheds and ten powerful gas lamps were distributed in the building. The total cost was £1,096 38. 2d. The market was opened by Sir Henry W. Norman on the 29th June, 1887, as part of the ceremonials in connection with the Jubilee of Her Majesty the Queen and named “ The Jubilee Market” in commemoration of the event. His Excel- lency in naming the market expressed the opinion that the market would in some degree help the prosperity of Kingston and his hope that long before the Jubilee Year oo oooo 454 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. doz. . « « 3 doz. esco 0 0 3 Bags Corn, 112lbs. ante of the market Kingston would have so improved that it would require two more markets than those it then possessed. The following are the fees taken at the Jubilee Market :- For each cart with articles for sale Lot of Tubs, not exceeding 2 (except Charcoal) . £0 1 0 doz. . 2006 For each cart with Charcoal - 0 1 6 " " Yabbas and Jars, not ex- For each head load and each bowl, ceeding 5 doz. . basket, or vessel with articles | " " Tinware, not exceeding 5 for sale (except Fresh Fish): 0 For each lot of tubs, yabbas, or " " Brooms, " * 3 doz. tinware 0 0 6 " “ Baskets For each beast load of articles. 006 Barrels with articles For each Sucking Pig or Kid Bags Rice, 168lbs For each bowl or basket of Tripe, Cows' Heels Sheep or Pigs' feet 0 0 3 Sacks Salt For the sale at any stall set apart Case or box under 6 cubic feet . for the purpose of any weight of " " " above " " Fresh Fish not exceeding 25lbs. 0 0 6 In addition to the foregoing rates For every additional 25lbs. or frac. on articles brought into this mar- tional part of 251bs. of Fresh Fish 0 0 6 ket for sale, there shall be paid by For each can of New Sugar . 0 0 3 each person making use of a stail For each hamper load of articles 0 0 3 for a day or part of a day . 0 0 6 The following are the average prices at which articles of food, &c., are sold in the Victoria and Jubilee Markets :- MEAT. FRUITS, continued. Beef, 6d. per fb. Sweet Cup, 14d. a heap Mutton, 17 per tb. Locust, 11d. a heap Gatesh,.,Occasi7 .per Creole or Sour Apples, 6d. per dozen Pork, 9d. ditto ditto Sweet Lemon, 3d. per dozen Turtle, 6d. per tb. Sweet Goad or Squash, 3d, each Fish, 6d. per lb. Sea Grapes, 1 d. a heap FRUITS. Forbidden-fruit, 6d, per dozen Pine Apple, according to size, 4/ to 6/ per doz. Citron, 1/ per dozen Granadilla, ditto ditto, 3d. to 6d. each Prickly Pears, 3d. per dozen Musk Melon, 3/ to 6/ per doz. Rose Apples, 1 d. per dozen. Water Melon, 3/ to 6/ ditto POULTRY. Custard Apple, 1/ ditto Turkey, 1/ per lb., and Fowls 9d. per Ib., but Cherrimoyer, 1/ ditto chiefly sold at 4) and 6/ a couple. Dry Cocoanuts, 11 per doz. Chickens, half-price Bread-fruit, 1) ditto Ducks, 71 a pair Spanish Plums, 1 d. per heap Pigeons, 1/6 ditto Sugar Canes, 18. per bun. of 16 or 20, 3ft. long Game, according to size, 1/ to 2) a brace. Pomegranate, 1/ per doz. VEGETABLES, &c. Sweetsop, 6d. ditto Chocho, 6d. per dozen Naseberry, 6d. ditto Cabbage, 5/, occasionally 6/ ditto Mangoes, 3d. ditto Garden Eggs, 9d. or 1/ ditto Star Apple, 6d, ditto Pumpkins, 31 to 4/ ditto China Oranges, 6d. ditto Ackee,1 d. to 3d. per dozen Tangerine Oranges, 6d. ditto Onions, 3d, to 6d. per lb. Avocado Pears, 1/ ditto Yellow Yam, 6/ to 13/ per cwt. Cashew, 1 d. ditto White Yam, 71 to 15/ ditto Shaddock, 2) per dozen Guinea Yam, 7) to 15) ditto Papaw, 3d. each Negro Yam, 51 to 12'ditto Ripe Banana, 3d. per dozen Indian Yam, 81 to 16/ ditto White Grapes, 1/3 per lb. Cocoa, 8/ to 101 ditto Black ditto, il ditto Plantains, 4/6 to 6/ per hundred Strawberry, 1/6 per quart Bananas, 1/ per bunch of about Blackberry, 9d. ditto Potatoes, 2d. or 3d. per lb. Bilberry, gd. ditto Sweet Potatoes, 6/ per cwt. Wanglow, in full season, 6d. per quart; out Cassava, 6/ to 81 per cwt. of season, 1/3 per quart Cucumbers, Tomato, Ochro, Jerusalem Ar. Tamarinds, a heap consisting of about 6 or tichokes and Peppers are sold in bundles 8 dozens, 3d. or by heaps Ginep, a bunch of about 100, 14d. Artichokes, according to size, from 9d. to 1/ Ginger, a heap weighing llb., 14d. a piece Guava, 1d. a dozen Turnip, Carrot, Beet Root, Indian Kale, Let. Limes, 1 d. per dozen tuce, Scallion, Sweet Marjoram, Thyme, Jack-fruit, from 6d. to 1/ each Parsley, Leeks, Radish, Celery, Sage and Mammee, 9d. per dozen Water Crese, are sold in small bundles Mammee Sapota, 9d. per dozen from 1fd, to 3d. each. MARKÉTS. 455 Corn, at 8/ per bushel Red Peas, 6d. per quart Gongo Peas, 6d. ditto Black Eye Peas, 4 d. ditto Quick Increase, 7 d. ditto Rounceval, 6d. ditto Broad Beans, 6d. ditto Sugar Beans, 6d. ditto GRAINS, &c. French Beans, in pods Black Betty, 6d. per quart Groundnuts, 3d. per ditto Split Peas, 3d. ditto Anotta, 4 d. per quart Coffee, 1/ per quart. Kola Nuts, 4 d. per dozen MARKET COMMISSIONERS. Hon. Neale Porter, C.M.G., Colonial Secretary | Hon. C. J. Ward, C.M.G., Custos of Kingston. Hon. Valentine Bell, M.I.C.E., Director of Wor. Dr. Ogilvie, Mayor of Kingston. Public Works. | R. S. Haughton, Esq., Managing Com. Mr. R. S. Haughton receives, as Managing Commissioner, a salary (including travelling allowance of £85 per annum. Secretary & Supt.-Joseph Feurtado, salary £170 per annum. Victoria Market. Clerk-J. M. Bourke, salary £130 per annum. Asst. Clerk-T. Demetrius, salary £78 per annum. Jubilee Market. Asst. Clerk-E. Morand, salary £120 per annum. II.-OTHER MARKETS. The law affecting market-places throughout the island, other than in Kingston, is Law 9 of 1874, “A Law to make provision for the erection and regulation of mar- kets throughout the island," which consolidated and amended the laws previously in force in the matter. All markets are placed under the control of the Parochial Boards of the parishes in which they are respectively situated. The income arising from the markets is to be applied to their support and maintenance and any surplus may be applied, with the approval of the Governor, to any local objects for the benefit of the town or of the immediate neighbourhood in which the markets concerned are situated. This law empowers the Governor to advance money from the Treasury, on the application of the Parochial Board of any parish, for the erection of market build- ings, or the repair, improvement or enlargement of existing markets, on receiving such particulars and estimates of the proposed works as he may think fit to call for; such advances are charged on the income of the markets, the net balance on market account each year being applied in discharge or reduction of interest and principal of advances. The law further gives the Parochial Boards power to acquire lands under the Lands Clauses Law, 1872, and otherwise, for market purposes; to alter, with the concurrenc of the Director of Public Works, the public approaches to markets; to appoint and remove Clerks of Markets and other servants; to lease or rent markets or stalls in markets; and to frame rules for the order and government of markets, to be approved by the Governor in Privy Council. The establishment of markets otherwise than in accordance with the law, and the slaughtering of animals except in authorized places, are prohibited by this law, under penalties. As there was no provision in this law to prevent people from selling at places other than markets, and as it was desirable on many grounds that in places where markets might be established the people should be required to sell in these markets and no where else within certain limits, the subsequent Law, 5 of 1880, was passed by the Legislative Council to impose a limitation of sale of certain articles in the towns to which the law is made to apply. The several markets throughout the island with the names of the persons in charge and the amount of fees received in the year 1891-92 are given in the follow- ing table :- 456 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. Locality of Market. Name of Clerk or other Officer in Charge. Amount of Fees received during the year 1891-92. Remarks. Kingston £ 8, d. Victoria Market . J. M. Bourke & T. Demetrius . To Jubilee Market . E. Morand |{3,562 2 1 Port Royal Henry Wade 90 6 6 St. Andrew Halfway-Tree il Michael Lennan 30 19 51 Including £7 for rents. St. Catherine- Spanish Town Nathl. Wilson, Clerk 903 17 21 Fees collected by Board. Linstead John Davis, Acting Clerk 124 14 09 Ditto Old Harbour Isaac Dolphy, Lessee 139 18 0 Payable weekly in al. ortland- vance. Musgrave Market, Robert Clark, Lessee 434 18 11 Leased out from Ist Port Antonio April, '89. Victoria Market, William Gladwish, Lessee Leased out from lis Buff Bay February, '89, St. Mary- Port Maria . Abr. R. DaCosta, Lessee 254 0 71 Annotto Bay R. Cherriff 58 6 89 Clarendon- Chapelton John Thompson 152 12 May Pen B. E. Simpson 200 10 Four Paths John Beverly 83 10 The Rest William Rose 103 6 The Alley Anthony Williams Hayes Robert Foster St. Ann- St. Ann's Bay J. 0. Clarke Claremont . . Atterbury Moneague Sam. Rose 54 13 7 Brown's Town W. Brown 226 5 5 Ocho Rios | W. Shaw Manchester- F. H. Bonitto, Clerk 1 Mandeville Jos. Levy, Lessee 231 0 9 Porus E. Jacobs, jr., Clerk James Daley, Lessee 82 11 11 Newport Jos. DeLeon, Lessee 600 Devon Vacant St. Elizabeth- F. B. Bowen, Clerk Black River Adrian Hendriks, Collector 111 12 113 Malvern 14 9 81 Trelawny- Falmouth F. G. Anderson 44 18 0 St. James- Montego Bay . William Tomlinson, Clerk . 476 12 111 Hanover Lucea Henry Lyon 130 6 0 Green Island Joseph Vernon 64 13 0 St. Thomas- R. E. Hearne 101 4 9} Westmoreland Sav.-la-Mar Opened 28th July, '92. 98 6 91 0 11 D KINGSTON SLAUGHTER HOUSE. THESE buildings were erected by the Public Works Department under the provisions of Law 37 of 1872 for the purpose of securing to the inhabitants of Kingston a sup- ply of good and wholesome meat. The details of management are under the control of a Managing Commissioner, Mr. R. S. Haughton. The Slaughter House was first opened for use on the 1st day of March, 1876, at which date all private slaughter yards had been dispensed with, the value of them baving been paid to the proprietors in accordance with section 24 of the law. The sum expended in the purchase of land, erection of buildings, cattle pens and wharfand for compensation to the owners of private slaughter yards was £10,501 1s. 1d. The Revenue for the financial year ended 31st March, 1892, amounted to £1,364 58. Od. The expenditure on salaries, maintenance, interest on Debenture loan and GUARANTEE ASSOCIATION. 457 on the debt due to the Treasury for advances for the same period amounted to £934 28. 4d. The debt due to the Treasury for advances was reduced from £2,102 Os. 5d. on 31st March, 1891, to £1,671 178. 9d. on 31st March, 1892. The number of animals, turtle, etc., slaughtered during the period referred to was as follows:-Oxen 4,129, Calves 42, Sheep 734, Pigs 773, Turtle 961, Goats 2= Total, 6,641. During the year ended 31st March, 1892, the Rules were amended, empowering the Commissioners to appoint an Inspector of Carcases to be paid by fees. A duly qualified man has been appointed, and the possibility of diseased meat of any kind leaving the Institution is prevented. The fees charged for slaughtering are as follows:- Animal Slaughtered. If the Slaughter-men and If the Slaughter-men and Dressers are provided by Dressers are provided by the Owner of the animal. the Commissioners. 20 m #oi wm os OOO 000 #691 Oxen, per head £0 6 0 Calves 04 » Sheep 0 3 0 Goats Pigs over 200 lbs. 06 0 Pigs under 200 lbs. Turtle, each Disjointing June and other large Fish, each 0 i 6 COMMISSIONERS. Hon. Neale Porter, c.m.g., Colonial Hon. C..1. Ward, c.m.g.,Custos of Kingston. Secretary. Wor. Dr. Ogilvie, Mayor of Kingston. R. S. Haughton, Esq., Managing Commis. Hon. V. G. Bell, Director of Public Works. 1 sioner. Secretary-Mr. C. C. Anderson, salary £12 per annum. Superintendent-Mr. R. Brown, salary £120 per annum. Inspector of Carcasen-Mr. M. H. Solomon, paid by Fees. JAMAICA CIVIL SERVICE MUTUAL GUARANTEE ASSOCIATION. BEFORE the passing of Law 45 of 1872 the law in force in regard to the giving of security by Public Officers for fidelity in office was Law 33 of 1867, by which every person having the collection, receipt or payment of any moneys of the public revenue was required to enter into security to the Queen in one of two ways, namely, by giving a joint and several bond with one or more sureties or by giving the guarantee of the European Assurance Society. As bonds with sureties such as above indicated were considered by the Government an objectionable form of security, as the European Assurance Society had become bankrupt, as other persons besides the persons men- tioned in Law 33 of 1867 were required to give security, and as it was felt necessary that a sound and uniform system of giving security should be established, Law 45 of 1872 was passed. By this law it is provided that every person in the employment of the Government of Jamaica who is required to give pecuniary security for the due discharge in any respect of the duties of his office, whether in regard to money mat- ters or otherwise, shall give such security in one or other of three ways, of which one is “by personal bond and the guarantee of any Association of Civil Servants of the Crown in Jamaica formed for purposes of mutual guarantee, and whereof the busi- ness is conducted according to rules that shall be approved by the Governor in Privy Council, as may be notified from time to time in the Gazette.” The Jamaica Civil Service Mutual Guarantee Association was established under the law; it is recognized by the Government thereunder; and is managed by a Commit- tee of four public officers, none of them being of a lower rank than Chief Clerk. The appointment of two Managers is vested in the Governor and they hold office during his Excellency's pleasure; the other two are elected by the Associates for a term of three consecutive years. At meetings of the Committee the senior member by date of appointment is Chairman and two members form a quorum. In the transaction of business the Managers are bound by rules, approved by the Governor in Privy EE 458 HANDBOOK OP JAMAICA. Council, the Managers having the power to amend the rules on obtaining the assent of the Governor and of a majority of the Associates. Any Civil Servant of the Crown who has obtained the Governor's permission to give security in the shape of the guarantee of the Association, and who has expressed his willingness to be bound by its rules, is eligible for membership, and the Mana- gers are required to give full and fair consideration within a reasonable time to all applications, deciding whether they will accede to them or not and communicating the result forth with to the applicant and the Government. When an Associate has been admitted to membership he can withdraw only by obtaining the Governor's per- mission and giving the Managers twelve months' notice, but by giving one month's notice the Managers can exclude any Associate from further membership. Immediately on his acceptance and the guarantee for his fidelity being given an Associate becomes liable to contribute, and is required to contribute by way of loan, a sum not exceeding 5 per cent. of the amount of his bond, payable at the rate of one per cent. per annum for a period of five years. The Managers, however, have the power to call upon the Associates to contribute a further loan at one fixed rate per cent., when they are of opinion that the ordinary loans are insufficient to yield the income required to carry on the business; there has never been any necessity to do this. On the contrary the interest accruing on the subscribed loans has so accumu- lated as to induce the Managers during the year 1886 so to amend the Rules of the Association as to allow its division, every third year, among Associates whose bonds are then in full force and effect; and in terms of this amendment a sum of £348 16s. lld. was at 30th September, 1886, written up to credit of Associates, giving to each a bonus of 12 per cent. on his loans. On withdrawal from the Association an Associate is entitled to a refund of the full amount of his contributions, if the Association has incurred no losses during his membership, or to the proportion remaining to his credit after the losses have been provided for. The rules of the Association were first approved by the Governor in Privy Coun- cil on the 27th August, 1872, and the preliminary arrangements being completed guarantees were issued on the 1st October in that year. From that date to the 31st March, 1892, a period of upwards of nineteen years, guarantees to the amount of £272,320 were issued, and losses by the defalcations of Associates incurred to the amount of £1,305 2s. 7d. According to a return prepared by the Auditor-General and published in the Blue Book the value of the guarantees of the Association in force is more than six times greater than the securities of all other descriptions together. The loans of Associates are levied at the Public Treasury from time to time as they became due and placed to the credit of the Managers, who are required to in- vest the amount in island debentures or deposit it in the Government Savings Bank- The loans levied during the nineteen years under review amounted to £7,572 9s. 6d., to which has been added £348 16s. 11d. arising from profits on investments. Of this sum of £7,921 6s. 5d., £3,536 13s. 2d. remained at the credit of Associates on 31st March, 1892 ; £5502s. 7d. inclusive of the forfeited loans of defaulters (£133 13s. 11d.) had been written off to meet losses ; and £3,834 10s. 80. had been refunded to A880- ciates withdrawing from the Association. Excluding the loans of defaulters for- feited and giving credit for the bonus awarded, the proportion of loss falling on As- sociates, has been less than 1 per cent. of their loans on the average. The assets on 31st March, 1892, amounted to £3,932 138. 2d., namely, Island Debentures and in- scribed stock £3,741; Government Savings Bank £124 4s. 10d.; Island Treasurer £67 Os, 9d., and amount in hands of Secretary 7s. 70. · Of the total assets £3,536 138. 2d. are held to the credit of the Associates, and £396 to the credit of the Asso- ciation. But however satisfactory the financial position of the Association may be, a review of the transactions of the period presents a more gratifying feature in the testi- mony it bears to the completeness of the supervision and audit of accounts and to the integrity of the officers employed in the collection and disbursement of public moneys. When it is considered that this Association guaranteed more than six- sevenths of the public officers required to give security, and included in that number the whole of the officers charged with the collection of the excise, customs and internal revenue, all the Parochial Treasurers through whom local disbursements are made and 460 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. PART XIV. THE CIVIL SERVICE WIDOWS AND ORPHANS' FUND. Tais Association was established for providing pensions for the widows and orphans of deceased public officers of this island and is regulated by Law 11 of 1875 as amended by Law 14 of 1887. The pensions are not concurrent but are payable to the widows until marriage or death, and are then divided among the orphans in the following proportions : if three in number or less each receives one-fourth; but if more than three the pension is equally divided between them all. The pensions of boys cease at the age of 18 and of girls on marriage or at the age of 21 years. The first registration of Associates was made on the 3rd June, 1875, when it was optional with the public officers to join the Association or not; the only penalty for not then consenting to join being that no officer then in re- ceipt of £100 per annum could obtain admission afterwards until he had paid a sum equal to the amount he would have paid had he consented to join on that date. But after the 3rd June, 1875, every officer, on being first appointed to any permanent office in the public service, with a salary of £100 and upwards per annum, was taken to be and considered to be an Associate, his name being registered accordingly, such registration, however, being subject to the result of examination by Medical Practitioners appointed by the Directors. In the event of such examination being unsatisfactory the registration is cancelled. Every Associate is required to contribute from the date of his registration a sum equal to four per centum on the amount of his salary, and the contri. butions are deducted by the Island Treasurer. The contributions are pay. able until the officer attains the age of 65 years, or until they have been paid for thirty-five years on his salary at the time of registration and on each incre- ment thereof, when they cease, unless the officer retires on a pension when an abatement is made of four per centum from the amount of the pension, unless the officer elects to continue to contribute on the amount of salary received prior to retirement. The contributions are retained by the Government and interest at the rate of six per centum is allowed on the monthly balances. The Association is under the direction and superintendence of a Board of six Directors who hold office for a term of three years. Three of them are appointed by the Governor, one of his Excellency's appointees being Chair. man, and three of them are elected by the Associates from amongst themselves. The Directors appoint a Secretary for keeping the accounts and registers. By section 11 of Law 14 of 1887 the Directors are required, at the end of every fifth year, to submit a complete statement of the assets and liabilities of the Association for valuation by a competent Actuary. The valuation made as of 30th September, 1889, showed that after providing for all pension claims-actual and contingent- and setting aside strong reserves for miscel- laneous items and for expenses there remained a surplus of assets over lia- bilities of £5,201 ; evidencing a sound financial position. The Directors' Report for the year ended 31st March, 1892, shows that on that date there were 293 registered Associates ; that the income for the year was £5,715 10s. 4d., and that the disbursements were £1,727 168. 10d. At that date there were twenty eight widows and sixteen orphans on the pen- sion list, the total amount of pensions payable to them being £1,444 128. 2d. per annum. At the close of the previous accounting period there were twenty widows and fifteen orphans drawing £1,282 19s. 80. as pensions. 462 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. credited to the account of the Fund. The capital on 31st March, 1891, was £27,978 188. 8d. This existing capital will still further be gradually drawn upon for payment of annuities as the number of subscribers decreases, a process which is now going on very rapidly, the Church being disestablished. The allowances to widows are at the rate of forty pounds per annum and to children twelve pounds ten shillings per annum. Children under age who have lost both father and mother receive double allowances. Sons cease to receive the benefits of the Fund when they come of age. Daughters continue to receive their annuities till marriage or death. Under the provisions of the Law, and subject to the advice of the Actuary, the Fund is managed by a Board consisting of resident subscribers and the members of the Diocesan Financial Board for the time being. Mr. J. R. Latrielle acts as Secre- tary : A. Glen Finlaison, Esq., is the Actuary. The annuities paid by the Fund at the present time amount to about £2,000 a year. PENSION FUND OF THE DISESTABLISHED CHURCH. This Fund provides pensions for the widows and orphans of deceased Cleygymen and superannuation allowances for disabled Clergymen of the Disestablished Church of Jamaica. The Funds consist of two branches. 1. The Widows and Orphans' branch of the Fund is formed by abatements at the rate of four per cent. from the salaries of the Non-State-paid Clergymen ; of one half of the amount received as offertories from the Churches; of donations and be- quests of property or money from societies, institutions or individuals; and of the proceeds of insurances or other investments. The pensions are thus regulated : On the death of an Associate his widow receives a pension according to the actuarial table attached to the Canon regulating the Fund, and on her marriage or death the amount is divided among the orphans of such As- sociate in the following proportions ; If three in number or less, each receives one- fourth of the amount to which the widow was entitled, but if more than three the pension is equally divided between them. If the Clergyman dies without leaving a widow the amount to which his wife would have been entitled had she survived him is divided among the orphans in the proportions above stated. The pensions of boys ceases at the age of 18 and of girls on marriage or at the age of 21. From the amount received as donations or offertories the Financial Board may make such monthly or other grants to the widows and orphans of Non-State-paid Clergymen (whether they were Associates or not) as to the Board may seem necessary. On the formation of the Fund in January, 1881, 37 of the then Non-State-paid Clergymen became Associates. It being compulsory “ on every future Clergyman of the Diocese to contribute to the Fund” all the Clergymen who have since been ordained have been enrolled. The result was a membership of 65 on the 1st Janu- ary, 1892. Of the number of Clergymen who became Associates two have died, one as a bachelor and one leaving a widow and three children. The widow was granted a pension of £12 118.4d. per annum and on her death her children became the reci- pients of three-fourths of her pension. The total amount of her husband's contri- butions to the Fund was £3 6s. 2d. The abatements from salaries during the year 1891 on account of the Widows and Orphans' Branch of the Fund amounted to £359 138 ; the interest on the money invested yielded £162 4s. ; the amount received from the Voluntary Fund was £27 188.7d. : these sums with payments of £33 138. 8d. from Insurance Companies and the balance of £2,695 18. 8d. from 1890 amounted to £3,278 108, 11d. The pay- ments were for Insurance Premiums £401 58. 2d. and for refunds to Clergymen leaving the Diocese £10 16s., giving a balance of £2,866 98. 9d. to the credit of the Fund on January 1, 1892. The lives of 45 Clergymen have been insured for £150 each (30 in the Jamaica Mutual and 15 in the Standard Assurance Company) on account of the Widows and Orphans' Branch of the Fund. The value of these policies is an asset of the Fund in addition to the cash balance just mentioned. Forty-seven Churches contributed to the Volur.tary Fund during the year 1891, giving a total of £70 178. 3d. or an average of £1 10s. 2d. each : other receipts FLETCHER'S TRUST. 463 raised this to £72 78. 3d. From this amount £9 was given to the widow of a do- ceased Clergyman and the balance was divided between the Widows and Orphans and the Clergy Pension Fund. A Canon was passed by the Synod of 1890 requiring medical examination in the cases of future Associates. 2. A second branch of this Fund provides for the pensioning of superannuated Clergymen of the Disestablished Church. The resources of this branch consists of an annual contribution from the General Sustentation Fund of the Diocese of not less than one hundred pounds ; of half the Voluntary Fund referred to above and of donations, bequests, and collections made specially for this branch of the Fund. A Clergyman on reaching 65 years of age may claim a retiring pension ; and any Clergyman who by a joint resolution of the Bishop, the Diocesan Council and the Financial Board may be declared superannuated (whether at, before, or after sixty five years of age) may claim a retiring allowance. The pension is for the present fixed at the rate of one-sixtieth of the minimum stipend for each year of continuous ser- vice ; but no pension can exceed two-thirds of the minimum salary of a Clergyman. No pension can be paid for less than ten years continuous service; but any Clergy- man who may be compelled to retire before he has completed that period may be paid a gratuity not exceeding ten pounds for each year of service. Two Clergymen are at present receiving pensions from the general funds of the Church. The Clergy Pension Fund opened with a credit of £830 3s. 5d., and there was transferred from the Voluntary Account £35 8s. 8d. These, with the grant of £100 from the Diocesan Expenses Fund, a gift of £1 and £49 16s. 2d. for interest, gave a total of £1,016 &8. 3d., the balance at credit of this branch of the Fund on the 31st December, 1891. The Financial Board are required to invest all moneys and property received on behalf of the Fund and to manage its general affairs. The details of management are left to a Committee of the Board. According to Law 14 of 1882 the Widows and Orphans' branch of the Fund has been made the residuary legatee of the Rectors and Curates' Funds of the late Es- tablished Church in Jamaica. COMMITTEE OF MANAGEMENT. Hon. John T., Orrett, Chairman. His Lordship the Bishop. Rev. W. Simms, M.A. c. Goldie, Esq. The Rev. W. Simms acts as Honorary Secretary; his Post Office is Kingston. FLETCHER'S TRUST, KINGSTON. MARTHA BELLINGER FLETCHER, by her Will dated 15th July, 1847, devised and bequeathed her real and personal estate to the Hon. Hector Mitchell and Thomas B. Wiltshire upon trust to manage and rent out the same, and with power to sell and invest and apply the clear yearly revenue among such of the blind, poor and destitute of Kingston as should be recommended to the Trustees by the Ministers of the Churches or Places of Worship to which they may belong. Hector Mitchell and Thomas Wiltshire proved the Will and sold all the personal and certain portions of the real estate. On the 27th May, 1853, Mitchell died, leaving Wiltshire surviving. By instru- ment made between Thomas Wiltshire of the first part, Rev. D. H. Campbell, Rev. W. West and Rev. D. J. East of the second part, and the Churchwardens of Kingston of the third part, the Churchwardens were appointed Trustees in the room of Hector Mitchell and Thomas Wiltshire. It appears that Wiltshire never interfered with the management of the estate. On the death of Mitchell his creditors filed a suit in Chancery against his estate and the Churchwardens of Kingston on their appointment as Trustees of Fletcher's Trust filed a petition in the suit for the recovery of the sum of £314 28. 1d. which was in his hands at the time of his death. The result of this petition was that the sum of £187 198. 3d. was recovered as the pro rata proportion of the debt which was due to the Trust. 464 HANDBOOŠ oĖ JAMAICA, The sum received, less Solicitor's costs, £57 18s. 4d., namely, £130 ls. 3d., was by direction of the Chancellor paid into the Treasury and thereafter drawn out on the receipt of the Churchwardens (Dr. C. Campbell and Mr. C. Goldie) and lodged to the credit of an account called “Fletcher's Trust" in the Government Savings Bank, where it now is, increased by interest to the sum of £140 2s. 5d. on the 31st March, 1891. The interest up to 30th September, 1880, was distributed in the Christ- mas of that year among the poor of Kingston. SARAH MORRIS' TRUST, KINGSTON. This Trust arose out of a legacy of a Miss Sarah Morris of Kingston, whose Will was proved on the 22nd of December, 1809, in which, after making several bequests, she bequeathed all the rest, residue and remainder of her estate, both real and per- sonal, to be sold and invested, and the proceeds to arise therefrom, at interest, to be distributed from time to time unto and among the poor of the parishes of Kingston and St. Andrew, who receive the pay or bounty of the said parishes, in proportion to the number of the poor of the said parishes." The money of the Trust is invested in Island Debentures under Law 19 of 1880, bearing interest at 5 per cent., the total sum so invested being £2,150. The interest is divided between the parishes of Kingston and St. Andrew in proportion to their total pauper expenditure, Kingston receiving about two-thirds of the amount. Out of the sum received by Kingston the City Council distributes annually during the Christmas season small doles to the poor in addition to their usual allowances. In view of the large amount at credit applicable to the Kingston Poor from this Trust the City Council gave during the Jubilee Holidays a substantial dinner to the in-door poor as well as an extra allowance of money and clothing to the out-door poor. D'ESPINOSE'S BEQUEST. MR. CHARLES D'ESPINOSE, formerly a merchant in the city of Kingston, who died in Paris on the 7th of April, 1875, by his Will dated 7th June, 1867, bequeathed the sum of one thousand pounds “in aid of any fund or establishment that may be formed for the relief of the destitute poor of Kingston.” To this Will there was a Codicil, dated the 25th May, 1872, declaring that this legacy should be increased to £2,000, “subject to the conditions and control already stated in the Will.” In the absence of any fund or establishment which could be considered in keeping with the Testator's intention, the Executrixes and Executor of Mr.D'Espinose's Will in 1882 proposed to the Municipal Board of Kingston that the money should be in- vested for the benefit of the City Dispensary, with Dr. Nuttall, the Bishop of Ja. maica, and the Rev. Father Porter, the Vicar Apostolic of the Roman Catholic Church, as Trustee, and the Board approved of this appropriation of the bequest. WOOD'S BEQUEST. MR. R. T. Woop bequeathed in 1879 a sum of £1,900 in Island Debentures to the Municipal Board of Kingston, the interest to be distributed amongst the poor of Kingston on Christmas Eve. The last distribution was made on the 3rd January, 1891, when the sum of £76 was distributed to 795 persons. ST. MICHAEL'S CHURCH DORCAS SOCIETY, KINGSTON. This Society has been in existence for about twenty-three years, and had its origin in a sewing class of Sunday School girls, under the direction of their Teachers. Its objects have always been the same, namely, to supply the poor and needy with food and clothing once every year (at Christmas). The ladies of the Church meet on the Tuesday afternoon following the third Sun. day in each month at half-past four, and after working for about an hour, during which time the Incumbent roads from a suitable book or paper, they carry awa NIGHT REFUGË. 465 materials to be made into garments for the annual distribution. For many years past over 100 men and women have been relieved by this Society, and the Committee are anxious to extend its usefulness provided more workers and subscribers come for- ward. Unlike every other Society of its kind in the city the St. Michael's Dorcas Society after relieving the wants of the poor connected with St. Michael's Church extends its charity to applicants from any denomination, provided they be properly recommended. The Rev. R. G. Ambrose, Incumbent of the Church, is President of the Society, and there are also a Vice-President, a Secretary, a Treasurer, a Purchaser, and five other members who form a Managing Committee. ST. GEORGE'S CHURCH DORCAS SOCIETY, KINGSTON. This Society, formed for the purpose of supplying very poor people with clothing continues to be one of the most useful of the many valuable Institutions in connection with St. George's Church, Kingston. It consists of about 30 female members of the congregation who meet every Tuesday in the School Room from 3 to 5 p.m. At 4.20 p.m. the Incumbent joins the gathering and reads from 4.30 to 5 o'clock, when a hymn and prayer close the proceedings. The Society is managed by a Committee of Ladies in the congregation. A supply of excellent periodicals for home reading, such as Good Words, Sunday at Home, Quiver, &c., is maintained by subscriptions among the mem- bers themselves. The members have also the use of a small but select library. THE HEBREW BENEVOLENT SOCIETY. Tas Society was established in 1851 immediately after the terrible epidemic of cholera which raged in that and the preceding year. Indeed, it owes its origin to that epidemic and to the energy and philanthropy of the late B. A. Franklin, who was untiring in his exertions to aid the afflicted of all denominations while the scourge continued, and it was during the prosecution of this good work that the ex. tent of the distress which prevailed among the Jewish poor became apparent ; the establishment of this Charity was the result of the discovery. At this time out-door relief only was given, but in 1863 it was determined, if practicable, to establish alms- houses, and this was accomplished principally with the proceeds of a grand bazaar in Kingston which amounted to upwards of £900. The Charity is supported by volun. tary contributions, and a Collector calls weekly on those who are willing to pay a regular subscription, which is fixed at 3d. per week, as the minimum. There are 38 inmates in the home principally aged, and children who receive coffee and a loaf of bread each every morning, a substantial dinner at noon, and a loaf of bread in the evening. Religious service is performed by the Rev. S. Jacobs at the “ Home" on Saturday afternoon at 5 p.m. The funds amount to about £300. BOARD OF DIRECTORS. President.-Herman Stern, Esq. Vice-President.-H. Barrow, Esq. Hiam Barrow Solomon Morais D. H. Da Costa, Esqs. Horatio Corinaldi, Esq., Treasurer. NIGHT REFUGE AND PAROCAIAL DISPENSARY, &c. The Destitute Home, Kingston, was abolished in December, 1890, and the inmates transferred to the Union Poor House, where, an additional Building was erected for the purpose by the City Council. Consequent upon the abolishment of the Desti- tute Home, premises No. 3 Hanover Street were purchased by the City Council and converted into offices for the Inspector of the Poor, Parochial Dispensary, and Con- sulting Room for the District Medical Officer. Quarters therein were also provided for the Inspector of the Poor and the Dispenser, and a Night Refuge consisting of two rooms fitted up for the desittute persons picked up in the streets during the night. The concentration of the several offices into one building has rendered the administration of Pauper Relief convenient to the public, as the Inspector of the Poor, and the Dispenser can always be found at their post day and night. 468 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. Officer if complications arise. The sum of £41 98. Od has been expended on this department during the year, being 40 cases by the nurses and of these 9 were attended by the Medical Officer. For the six years during which this scheme has been in operation 152 cases were attended by the nurses, and the Medical Officer was called, in complications, upon 46 of these, whilst the outlay has been :- Nurses £121 12 0 Medical Officer 48 6 0 Total £169 18 0 This arrangement, in extending the beneficent work of the Dispensary, has increased its popularity. The accommodation for members, waiting on our Medical Officer have never been satisfactory, and it has been in the mind of the Directors to provide them with more suitable premises. After weary delays and disappointments, the Directors have at last secured a desirable site for the erection of suitable building or buildings, which they hope may take rank among the Public Buildings of the city, assert the permanency of the Institution, afford decent and convenient rooms for its waiting patients, and Medical Officer, and produce revenue also for the charity. The purchases for the site are the blocks Nos. 14 and 16 Duke street, extending to John's Lane. The sum of £425 has been paid towards the total purchase of both places—for £575. There remains £150 to be paid on completion of convey. ance of No. 16. DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS. PRESIDENT-Rev. Thos. M. Geddes. HON. SECRETARY and TREASURER-John C. Fegan, Esq. DIRECTORS. P. Elicio Auvray G. C. H. Lewis Geo. Adams A. H. Jones John C. Fegan, Esqs. A. M. Nathan, Esqs. Rev. Thos. M. Geddes Rev. T. P. Russell Charles Goldie, Esq. K. J. Spicer, Esq. Rev. Father Hogan Hon. C. J. Ward, C.M.G. TRUSTEES OF PROPERTY. Rev. Thos. M. Geddes P. Elicio Auvray, Esq. Charles Goldie, Esq. MEDICAL OFFICER-Dr. James Ogilvie, F.R.C.S., Edin. CLERK AND COLLECTOR-Mr. Joseph G. A. Benjamin. OFFICE-91 Harbour Street, Kingston, Hours of Consultation-From 8.30 to 10 a.m. and from 4 to 5 p.m. THE LADY MUSGRAVE WOMEN'S SELF-HELP SOCIETY. The Women's Self-Help Society was founded by Lady Musgrave in 1879. It was opened as a Depository by the present Bishop of Jamaica on the 1st May, 1879. The Society has three objects in view. The first is to enable industrious women of all classes to help themselves and others by providing a sale room for all kinds of work, especially those calculated to develop the small industries peculiar to the island, such as work in ferns, lace bark, dagger plant, &c. The Society has been a great boon to many women in reduced circumstances who have to work for their living, but find it difficult to get suitable employment. It also enables other women who do not require the profits of their work for themselves to earn something for charities and philanthropic objects, as well as to raise the standard of work by bringing to bear on it that cultivated taste and artistic grace which is the natural result of a refined education. The second object of the Society is to provide occasional employment to distressed needlewomen by executing orders for plain work for ladies and gentlemen and for ser- vants and working people. A stock of useful clothing for the latter is always on hand and some of the Committee attend at the Depository every Monday morning for the purpose of cutting out work and receiving orders. Orders for this Department are gratefully accepted and a real help to many deserving and industrious persons. SAILORS' HOME. 469 The third object of the Society is to teach plain needlework, and the cutting out of garments in a more thorough and systematic manner than is usually possible in schools, where so little time can be devoted to that branch. For this purpose, a lady, already a skilled needlewoman, has been so taught at the Shortwood Training College, that her pupils at the Women's Self Help Society will now be able to com- pete for certificates, with a view to affiliation with the London School of Needlework in England. The Women's Self-Help Society is now settled in its new and commodious pre. mises at No. 8 Church St. This building is also designed as a memorial of two ladies (who, with Lady Musgrave, were its original founders) Mrs. Charles and Mrs. Duncan Campbell. Lady Musgrave and Lady Norman are also represented in the new premises, by having each a room named after them : the former, the Committee, and the latter, the Work Room. The Campbell Memorial Building has cost nearly £900; of which more than two- thirds has been collected. Any further contributions will be gratefully received by the Treasurer or Secretary. Thegreat Exhibition of Jamaica held last year, in which the Women's Self-Help Society had a tastefully arranged Court, has served to make its objects better known as well as to extend its sales, not only of the graceful and delicate fern, dagger plant and lace bark work, but also of the preserved, pickled and candied fruits, peculiar to the West Indies, if not to the Island of Jamaica. A sister Society, bearing the same name, and having similar objects, has been started at the North Side of the Island, having its head-quarters at Montego Bay. The ladies of the Committee pay an annual subscription and a few friends of the Society make periodical donations. With these exceptions the Society is self-support- ing. Depositors pay a fee of 2) a year and are also charged ld. in the pound for com- mission on articles sold. COMMITTEE : PATRONESSES—Lady Musgrave, Mrs. Gamble and Lady Norman, PRESIDENT-Lady Blake. VICE-PRESIDENTS-Mrs. Nuttal and Mrs. McDowell, TREASURER-Mrs. McDowell. SECRETARY-Miss Burke. Miss Allwood Mrs. Harrison Mrs. Bancroft Oughton Mrs. Black Mrs. Isaacs Mrs. Plaxton Mrs. Barclay Miss Johnson Mrs. Philippo Mrs. Capper Mrs. Jackson Mrs. Radcliffe Mrs. Downer Mrs. Mainwaring Mrs. Robinson Mrs. Douet Mrs. MacDermot Mrs. Roxburgh Mrs. Forwood Miss MacDermot Mrs. Ryley Mrs. Henderson Mrs. Mackglashan Mrs. Sawers Miss Henderson Mrs. Nathan Mrs. Saunders Mrs. Hamilton Mrs. Ogilvie Mrs. Wedderburn Mrs. Harvey Mrs. Oughton THE KINGSTON SAILORS' HOME. In the year 1864 this Institution was established under the patronage of Lieutenant- Governor Eyre and Bishop Courtenay, having for its object the providing of accommo- dation and relief for necessitons men of the Royal and Mercantile Marine. Its Presi. dent was Admiral Sir James Hope, K.C.B., who distinguished himself as one of its chief supporters. The Vice-Presidents were Commodore Cracroft, R.N., the Hon. Edward Jordon, C.B., and the Hon. L. Q. Bowerbank, M.D. It was governed by a Board of Directors composed of fourteen of the most influential gentlemen of King- ston. The Rev. George Cheyne held the office of Honorary Secretary. The Institution was maintained by annual subscriptions from the merchants and other leading members of the community and for some years prospered. But in the year 1879 it was found that while the contributions received were inadequate for the efficient support of the Home there were no means of preventing defalcations on the part of dishonest inmates and an appeal was made to the Government for aid. A law was thereupon passed by the Legislative Council, Law 30 of 1879, placing the Institution on a more substantial footing than before. A Corporate Body was estab- lished for the management of the Institution and the office of Superintendent was created with definite powers. The principle on which Government grants were to be 470 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. made was laid down to be that of a sum equal to double the total amount of voluntary subscriptions received during the previous year. Since then the Institution has an. nually received a liberal grant from the Government. The receipts for the 18 months ended 31st day of March, 1892, amounted to £600 14s. 6d. The following are the particulars :- On amount of Grant to 30th Sept., 1890 €298 4 0 Advance on account of Grant to 31st March, 1892 100 00 398 4 0 Subscriptions and Donations 121 11 0 Board of Inmates 80 15 9 Jamaica Permanent Building Society 0 3 9 This sum with a balance of 600 14 93 2 6 0 brought forward from 30th September, 1890, gave a Revenue of £693 16 6 The expenditure for all purposes during the same period was £646 198. 8d., leay. ing a balance of £46 16s. 10d. to be carried to next year. The number of seamen boarded during the eighteen months under review was 236 ; and the Home afforded sleeping accommodation in 5,295 instances free of charge. £162 6s. 6d. was lodged during the said period by thirty of the inmates for safe keeping at the Home, and withdrawn in small sums as required. The adoption of this principle has been the means of saving those deserving men from the temp- tations to which they might have been subjected during their sojourn here at the hands of the numerous crimps with which the City is infested. The Directors have succeeded in providing better accommodation for the inmates, Having purchased the premises No. 42 Church Street they have erected thereon suit- able buildings at a cost of £1,065, and the same were formally opened by his Ex- cellency Sir H. W. Norman on Thursday the 6th March, 1884. The new Home is calculated to afford accommodation to 20 Seamen and 4 Officers, divided into two classes, first and second. DIRECTORS. Hon. Lieut.-Colonel C. J. Ward, C.M.G., Custos of Kingston, Chairman. William Malabre, Esq. Hon. George Stiebel, C.M.G. Capt. K. H. A. Mainwaring, R.N. Capt. W. P. Forwood Charles Goldie, Esq. William Schiller, Esq. Secretary-Mr. D. M. Leon. Resident Superintendent—Mr. John Martin. KINGSTON AND ST. ANDREW'S UNION POOR HOUSE. This Institution was opened on the 1st July, 1870, and is situated on Admiral's Pen land in St. Andrew adjoining the Girls Reformatory. It is maintained by the poor rates of Kingston and St. Andrew. No person who is capable of earning his or her own livelihood, can be admitted. Orders for admission must be obtained through the Inspector of Poor for Kingston or St. Andrew. The Institution accommodates 200 inmates, and the average cost of each is about 6d. per day, including all expenses, with the exception of medical attendance, the Medical Officers for the two parishes visiting the inmates regularly. The inmates are fed in accordance with a regular diet scale. The clothing is partly made up by the inmates under the superintendence of the Master and the Matron. The Institution is conducted by the Pauper Committees of both parishes. CHAIRMAN-Hon. George Stiebel, C.M.G. MASTER-Joseph Davidson, salary £150. MATRON-Eliza UcKillop, salary £58. CLEBK-Mr. R. A. Williams, salary £60. GREGORY'S CHARITY. Matthew GREGORY, Doctor of Medicine, died December 31st, 1779, aged 86. By Will, dated 22nd March, 1765, he left property to be sold, the proceeds of which were GRAY'S CHARITY. 471 to be invested and the interest and profits arising therefrom applied towards reliev. ing any distressed object in St. Jago de la Vega, to bind out poor children to trades, or to portion orphan girls at marriage. The Trustees are the Chief Justice of this Island, the Custos of St. Catherine and the Rector of that parish. The Rector has the administration of the fund. FLETCHER'S CHARITY, SPANISH TOWN. In March, 1714, George Fletcher by Will bequeathed, after sundry intermediate devises, to the Churchwardens and Vestrymen of St. Catherine all his real estate to be applied to the use of three poor widows of the parish of St. Catherine, to be selected from time to time by the said Church wardens and Vestrymen. The real estate consisted of 800 acres of land in St. Elizabeth, 227 acres near Highgate, St. Catherine, a pen near the Angels, and a house in Spanish Town in which the widows were to reside. The Churchwardens and Vestrymen sold from time to time all the property ex- cept the house in Spanish Town which is still in possession of the parish, being let by the Parochial Board on a long lease at £18 a year. The moneys derived from the sales were appropriated to the use of the parish, part having been expended in the building of a House of Correction, now the District Prison. The annual value of the Trust property after the final sale of the lands was set down at £9 4s. In 1847 the Act 10 Vic., cap. 45 was passed, which authorized the Justices and Vestry to raise a sum for the payment of the annuities as an item of parochial expenditure, but there is no record of any rate having been levied for this purpose, although provision was made for the widows' pensions each year in the parochial estimates. By the Act 21 Vic. cap. 44 the power of the parishes to raise taxes was abolished and the liabilities of all the parishes were assumed by the Government Since then provision has been made for the payment of the pensions at the rate of £30 8s. per annum out of general revenue. In 1878 one of the pensioners died and the Churchwardens elected one person and the members of the Municipal Board elected another to fill the vacancy. The result was that neither was permitted by the Treasury to draw the pension. A reference was thereupon made to the Supreme Court for a decision as to the party who was legally empowered to exercise the right of election. The Judges decided that as there was no power to any individual body to perform the duties of the Churchwar. dens and Vestrymen combined no body had the power of electing two vacancies in the Trust. Subsequently the Church wardens and the members of the Municipal Board met and unanimously elected the original nominee of the Board. On the abolition of the office of Churchwardens by the operation of Law 30 of 1881 the members of the Parochial Board, as the successors of the old Vestymen and of the members of the late Municipal Board, will be left to exercise the functions of Trus- tees of this Charity. Three ladies of Spanish Town are now receiving under the Trust the pensions fixed by the law. GRAY'S CHARITY. On the 10th of May, 1854, Mr. John William Gray of the parish of Saint Mary, Merchant, made a Will, in which he directed that after his death a sum of £5,000 should be paid by his Executors into the hands of the Governor of Jamaica for the time being, “ to be by him appropriated for the use and benefit of the poor of the parish of Saint Mary in the establishment of a poorhouse for the exclusive benefit of the poor of the parish of Saint Mary, to be established and secured by legislative enactment in the manner he, the Governor, may deem best, so that it may be of lasting advantage." Mr. Gray died in 1854, one month after making his Will. Owing to delay in realiz- ing the estate the bequest of £5,000 was not paid over to the Governor, Mr. Eyre, until the year 1863, when it was invested in the island securities, 472 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. Some correspondence thereafter ensued between the Executors and the Govern. ment as to the best means of carrying out the wishes of the Testator, but, with the exception of its having been arranged that Fort Haldane, which was transferred to the Jamaica Government by the Secretary of State for War under the provisions of the Act 25 Vic. cap. 4, should be sold to the Charity for the purposes of a Poorhouse for the sum of £250, no practical step was taken in connection with the bequest until July, 1872, when Law 42 of 1872, “A Law to establish and secure Gray's Charity, and to authorize the Governor to appoint Trustees for the management thereof,'' was passed. By this time the bequest had increased by accumulation of interest to the sum of £8,056 14s. 5d. The Governor, Sir John Grant, under this law, appointed as Trustees the Hon. Mr. Straton, Auditor-General, the Hon, Mr. McDonald, Custos of Saint Mary, and Major Prenderville, Inspector-General of Police. Mr. Henry Westmorland and Mr. W. Gray, a Brother of the Testator, were subsequently, in October, 1874, appointed Trustees in the room of Mr. Straton and Major Prenderville. The present Trustees are F. H. Barker, Esq; Hon. Dr. Jno. Pringle; A. L. DaCosta, Esq. Clerk-R. M. Cocking. Matters dragged on-still without any benefits being conferred by the Charity- until July, 1877, when rules for the management of the Charity were passed by the Governor in Privy Council under the 6th section of Law 42 of 1872. These rules provided, inter alia, that twelve inmates should be admitted to the Poorhouse, who were to receive a weekly allowance of 5s., with wood, water and furniture, but were to provide their own food and keep their apartments clean themselves. These rules further regulated the expenditure on account of the Institution, the duties of the Matron and Clerk, and the arrangements for quarterly meetings of the Trustees. It does not appear that any inmates were received into the Poorhouse until the 15th of August, 1880; but since that date a home has been found in the Poorhouse for twelve suitable persons. The total amount of the funds of the Charity was on 31st March, 1892, £12,282 2s. 6 d., of which amount £11,325 is invested in Ja- maica Debentures and £437 98. 7d. in the Government Savings Banks, the re- mainder is uninvested - £519 12s. 11 d. GUTHRIE DAVIDSON'S BEQUEST. This is a bequest of £1,000 sunk under the provisions of the 4th sec. of 28 Vic. cap. 22 and yielding a perpetual annuity thereunder of £60 for the maintenance and education of one boy and one girl of the parish of St. James. The Schools Commission recently drew up a scheme under the provisions of the Schools Commission Law for dealing with the Endowment, under which one half of the income, or £30 a year, is to be devoted to the provision of a scholarship, to be called the Guthrie Davidson Scholarship, at the Jamaica High School for a boy belonging to the parish of St. James, and the other half of the income will be devoted to the maintenance and education of one girl belonging to the parish of St. James, in such manner and by such person and at such place, as the Jamaica Schools Commission may from time to time, on the recommendation of the Trustees, deter- mine, and failing any such recommendation of the Trustees as the Schools Com- mission can approve of, in such manner and at such place as the Schools Commis- sion may determine. This scheme has been approved by the Governor in Privy Council and is now in operation. 474 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. THE JAMAICA PERMANENT BUILDING SOCIETY. This Society was formed late in the year 1878 and has just completed its thirteenth year. The published report shews there were in the Society on 31st December, 1891, 1,453 proprietary shares representing £14,530, the amount paid on them being £14,210. The amount of loans during the year 1891 was £15,291 15s. 6d. and the total amount out on loan on the 31st December, 1891, was £49,193 3s. 11 d. The profit on the last year's transactions amounted to £750 14s. 5 d., which gave a dividend on the proprietary shares of 5 per cent. per annum in addition to 5 per cent. paid semi-annually, leaving £53 ls. lld. to be added to the reserve which now amounts to £2,679 15s. 3d. The special feature of this Society is its proprietary shares which give it a perma- gent capital to lend out. Loans are made on building property at 75 per cent. interest, re-payable by £10 shares in 4 years at 3s. 9d. per month ; in 7 years at 2s. per month; in 10 years at 1s. 3d. per month and interest at 71 per cent. DIRECTORS. George ilenderson, Esq., Chairman. Hon. Lieut.-Col. C. J. Ward, c.m.g. Louis F. Veriey Hon. George Stiebel, C.M.G. Colin A.C. Hogy P. Elicio Auvray W. R. Macpherson, Esqs. George Adams TRUSTEES. Wm. R. Macpherson P. Elicio Auvray, Esqs. SECRETARY.-Mr. Thomas A. Hogg. CLERK-Mr. C. G. Campbell. SOLICITORS.-Messrs. Burke & Gray. BANKERS-Colonial Bank. OFFICE.-8 Duke Street, Kingston. THE VICTORIA MUTUAL BUILDING SOCIETY. This, the second Building Society formed in Kingston, was established on the 1st December, 1878, under the patronage of His Excellency Sir Anthony Musgrave, K.C.M.G., then Governor of the Island, and under the authority of the Benefit Building Society's Act, 1865. The objects of the Society are to promote the acquisition and improvement of freehold property by its members by raising a fund from them by the investment of small sums of money and by borrowing money to a limited extent for such purpose, and generally for the purposes allowed by the Act of 1865. The shareholders are of two classes, those holding paid-up and those holding sub- scription shares ; the former pay down £12 or £16 and the latter pay 2s. 6d. per share monthly; and on the shares of each class is added interest annually, according to a scale fixed by the rules, making the ultimate value £20 in ten years in the case of the £12 shares or five years in the case of the £16 shares. Borrowers are charged interest at the rate of 74 per cent. per annum, payable monthly, and with each subscription share is paid one penny per month as contribution towards the working expenses. The law charges range from 21s. for a loan of £100 to £8 78. for a loan of £800, and thereafter 15s. more for every £100 of loan, while on subsequent loans no fur- ther mortgages are required with their attendant expense. The loans effected during 1890, amounted to £23,011 12s. 1d. On 30th Noveinber, 1891, there were 8,021 subscription and 44 paid-up shares held by 810 shareholders, as compared with 737 shareholders in 1890, holding 6,919 subscription and 45 paid-up shares. The bonus for 1891 was 13s. 6d. for each sub- scription share and lls. for each paid-up share, with reserves amounting to £1,422 148. 6d. The Society affords a safe means for investment of capital for fixed periods at 5 per cent, per annum, payable half-yearly, say 31st May and 30th November, WËSTMORELAND BUILDING SOCIETY. 475 The property of the Society is vested in three Trustees, whilst its general manage- ment is conducted by a Board of Directors and its Secretary. TRUSTEES. John C. Macglashan, Esq. William Malabre, Esg. Hon. John T. Orrett. DIRECTORS. E. J. Andrews, Esq., Chairman. W.T. Malabre, Esqs. Dr. James Ogilvie. Dr. J. A. Carpenter. J. C. Silburn T. N. Aguilar S. H. Watson I. M. Nethersole J. W. Middleton T, B, Oughton W. M. Bailey, Esqs. AUDITORS. Edgar Marshall, Esq.. John Murray, Esq. SOLICITORS. -Messrs. Harvey & Bourke. SECRETARY.-Mr. W. Arbouin Paine. ABBITRATORS. H. W. Livingston H. Stern A. W. Farquharson David Henderson, Esqs. OFFICE.-72 A. Water Lane, Kingston, THE ST. ANN BENEFIT BUILDING SOCIETY. This Society was established early in 1874 and active operations began in July of that year. The history of the Society shows a steady progress but its benefits have been felt more in the parish generally than at St. Ann's Bay. This is chiefly owing to the fact that there have been but few lots available for building purposes within the precincts of the town; and although the number of new buildings erected is, on an average, only one in each year of the Society's existence purchases of house property not requiring more than repairs have taken place which could not have been effected except with the aid of the Society. During the past year the Society lost the services of its President the Hon. Michael Solomon and of its Secretary the Rev.Josias Cork. These gentlemen were largely instrumental in founding the Society, and at their death left it in a sound and flourishing condition. PRESIDENT-(Vacant). TRUSTEES. Richard W. Harris, Esq. Rev. Geo. House A. B. Rerrie, Esq. DIRECTORS. Charles W. Steer, Esq., Chairman. John Cameron, Esq., Vice-Chairman, J. Thomas John J. Lyon Joseph H. Levy A. N. Dixon Joseph D.Ormsby Felix L. Rodon, Esqs. Rev, Geo. House. SOLICITOR.—Daniel Hart, Esq. AUDITORS. Thomas Bartlett, Esq. Sylvester Cotter, Esq. SECRETARY.--Miss Paulina Cork. CLERK. Chas. G. Hay. BANKERS.—The Colonial Bank, THE WESTMORELAND BUILDING SOCIETY. This Society was established in January, 1874, and during the eighteen years ended in December, 1891, its receipts have amounted to £154,887 14s. 1d. It has been the means of erecting and repairing a large number of houses in Savanna-la-Mar and the neighbourhood, and has considerably increased the value of land by affording facilities for its sale and improvement. The rate of interest on all loans of more than £200 is 73 per cent, and the borrowers may repay a specified portion of the loan every year, instead of taking shares, if they prefer that arrangement. The interest on loans under £200 is 9 per cent. The price of a paid-up share is £15, with interest at the rate of fifteen shillings FF 2 476 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. per annum, if drawn before maturity. The value to be £20 with the bonus in addi- tion when matured. The present capital is £36,025 11s. Od. The reserve fund is £3,320 8s. Od. TRUSTEES. Rev, Henry Clarke James C. Young, Esq. Rev. H. Clarke, jor. DIRECTORS. Rev. Henry Clarke, Chairman and Manager. Jonas, A, B., Esq. Walcott, R. A. Vaughan, Rev. S. J. Young, Jas. E., Esqs. Savariau, N. S. Clarke, Rev. H., jnr. Clarke, Fred, L. Clarke, Stainton, Esq. THE TRELAWNY BENEFIT BUILDING SOCIETY. This Society was established on the 1st April, 1875, for the purpose of providing for the purchase, erection, repair and improvement of freehold houses for its members. A principal object of the founders was the improvement of the dwellings of the work. ing classes of the district. The following is an extract from the Report of the So- ciety for the year 1891-92. "The Directors call the attention of the Shareholders, with great pleasure, to the continued progress and prosperity of the Society, as evidenced by the accompany. ing Accounts submitted. There has been an increase of business in loans placed out which the Directors are satisfied well benefit the Society. There have been 7 Paid-up Shares, 230 Subscription Shares and 28 Transfer Shares effected during the 12 months under review, and there are at present extent 703 Subscription Shares, 44 Paid-up Shares and 17 Lapsed Shares. The Interest Accounts collected shews £469 14s. ld. an appreciable increase of £100 4s. 1d. and shews the steady progress of the Society. After making due provisions for the shares current and entitled to participate, the Directors have pleasure in recommending a bonus of 40s. per share on the 51 shares matured during the 12 months ended 31st March 1892, being an advance on the last declaration. The distribution of the Profit and Loss Accounts pay £185 11s. 5d. will then stand thus- To be paid for bonus declared on 51 Matured Shares at 40s. each £102 00 To be transfered to Reserved Fund 37 2 3 To be carried to Prospective Bonus Account ... 46 92 £185 11 5 and which will then make the Reserve Fund £115 4s. Od. and the Prospective Bonus Account £328 12 6d. Respecting the premises, the subject of litigation with Richard Walton, referred to in the last Report, the Directors now have to report the sale of land for £30 of which £10 have been paid on account, and the balance is in course of settlement." TRUSTEES. F, Guiselin, Esq. Rev. J. Kingdon. J. R. T. Main, Esq. ARBITRATORS. Hon. L. C. Shirley Mungo Sloan W. T. Jameson J. Leslie Cox J. H. Bruch, Esqs. DIRECTORS. John R. T. Main, Esq., Chairman, Sohn R. Young G. H. Joseph A. L. Delgado A. T. Kidd H. E. Reuben Thos. R. Depass Andrew D. Smith Louis Alex. Morris, Esqs. AUDITORS. S. G, Corinaldi, Esq. George D'Souza, Esq. SOLICITOR. Jas. Nash, Esq. SECRETARY.-Henry Levy, Esg. BANKERS.-The Colonial Bank. Office in Falmouth open on Mondays and Thursdays from 11 to 3. RAILWAY COMPANY. 479 then existing line, which extended from Kingston to Old Harbour, 23 miles, with a branch to Angels, 3 miles, was purchased by the Government for the sum of £93,932 including legal and other expenses. The Company had been engaged for some years prior to the sale in paying off the £60,000 raised for the Old Harbour Branch, and had succeeded in reducing that amount by £15,000 when the Government concluded the purchase. At the time, therefore, of the transfer of the line to the Government, the 1st April, 1879, the railway represented a capital of £267,250. For some years previous to its acquisition by the Government the works, stations and rolling stock of the railway had been falling into disrepair, and the train service was very irregular and unsatisfactory and was with difficulty carried on at all. It was therefore indispensable that no time should be lost in putting the line into tho- rough order. The permanent way was relaid and ballasted throughout-steel rails being substituted for the old iron rails. The channel of the Rio Cobre, which had for several years been neglected, and for a considerable distance had become com- pletely filled up and obliterated, was re-opened, by which means the lines across the lagoon, which had previously been frequently submerged, was freed from water ex- cepting during excessive floods. All the gully courses across the line were also cleaned and improved -a new strait cut, a quarter of a mile long, 30 feet wide and 20 feet deep, being made for the Nightingale Grove Gully. The old wooden bridges and drains were replaced by 28 bridges, with solid concrete abutments and wingwalls and wrought iron superstructures, 6 arched bridges entirely of solid concrete, 45 solid concrete culverts, and 1,200 lineal yards of earthenware pipe drains. Solid concrete abutments and wingwalls were also built for the large iron bridge over the Rio Cobre. The terminal station at Kingston was considerably enlarged and improved and the Spanish Town station was thoroughly repaired. New stations were built at Grange Lane, Gregory Park, Hartlands, Bushy Park and Old Harbour. The Prince's Wharf and store were extended and accommodation was made available for the steamers of the Atlas Company which paid for such accommodation according to a scale agreed upon in the year 1881. The cost of these repairs and improvements was £107,260, so that the old line was purchased, reconstructed and equipped at a cost of £201,192. In the first complete year's working, after the Government took possession(1879-80), the railway earned a net profit after paying working expenses and interest of £5,621. In 1880-81, in consequence of the bad state of trade, the net revenue was but £4,382. In 1881-82 the net revenue went up to £6,960, which exceeded the highest net re- venue previously earned on the line. From then the revenue of the old line continued to yield a sum that more than sufficed to provide for all expenses in connection with it, including interest and sinking fund. As soon as the old railway was taken over the Government ordered surveys and estimates to be made to extend the line from Old Harbour, through Clarendon, to Porus in Manchester, 241 miles, and from Angels, through St. Thomas in the Vale, to Ewarton in St. Catherine, 141 miles. The surveys were made by Mr. Valentine Bell, C.E., and the extensions were authorised by Law 8 of 1880. The works were begun in May, 1881, and carried on by the Public Works Department until the end of the year. On the 16th December, 1881, a contract was entered into by the Crown Agents for the Colonies, on behalf of the Government of Jamaica, with Messrs. Reid and McKay for the execution of the extensions for the sum of £280,924 7s. Od. The firm took possession of the works in the month of January, 1882, and the line from Old Harbour to Porus was opened for traffic on the 2nd March, 1885, and that from Spanish Town to Ewarton on the 17th August in the same year. The following loans were raised for providing the means for meeting the expendi- ture for the construction and equipment of the two extensions, viz., £400,000, under Laws 8 and 17 of 1880 and £183,000 under Law 17 of 1884 (of which amount, how- ever, £61,192 was to cover the excess of expenditure over the amount provided for the reconstruction of the old line). A further sum of £52,000 was raised under the authority of Law 14 of 1886 to meet the balance of expenditure on the extensions. This sum includes the award of £13,731 made by the Arbitrators to the Contrac. tors as the result of the arbitration proceedings for extra services performed in con- sequence of departures from the original plans and the over valuation of the works executed by the Public Works Department before they entered on their contract. 480 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA, Governor Sir Henry Norman in announcing to the Legislative Council the settle- ment of the claim stated that although the Contractors had suffered nothing or next to nothing by flood and had had to pay nothing for extra labour they had made nothing or next to nothing by the enterprise. This showed that they had been closely supervised and that their rates were not too high. His Excellency added that he was sorry for that result because the Contractors had done their work well and had left the island with considerable credit to themselves for their just, kind and liberal treatment of the labourers under them. Law 16 of 1887 authorised the raising of a further loan of £70,000 for the fol- lowing purposes mentioned in the schedule attached to the Law :- 1. For surveying the proposed extension of the two existing branches of the Railway £5,000 0 0 2. For extending the West Street Wharf and connecting it with the Railway Line 5,000 0 0 3. For a Sea or Quay Wall, as the case may be 40,000 0 0 4. To meet the cost of the flood damages and awards of the Arbitra- tors in respect thereto 15,893 0 0 5. Unforeseen expenses 4,107 0 0 £70,000 0 0 After the passing of the law a loan of £26,000 was raised and steps were taken for the survey of the proposed extensions. On the 10th February, 1888, the Direc- tor of Public Works reported on the proposed extension from Bog Walk through Annotto Bay to Port Antonio and submitted plans, sections and estimate of the line for the inspection of the Governor. The total length of the proposed line was 547 miles and the estimated cost £723,072 8s. 6d, or an average of £13,206 per mile. On the 28th March, 1888, a report, with plans, sections and estimate of cost of the proposed extension from Porus to Montego Bay was submitted. The total length of the proposed line was 644 miles and the estimated cost £832,399 11s. 10d, or an average of £12,893 88. 4d. per mile. Pending the sanction by the Legislature of the scheme for the carrying out of these extensions by the Government a proposal was made by Mr. Frederick Wesson and some other American capitalists for the purchase of the Railway from the Govern- ment. After some negotiations it was agreed that the Railway should be sold for £800,000, of which amount £100,000 should be paid in cash and the remaining £700,000 should be secured by second mortgage bonds on the security of the Railway, to bear interest at the rate of 4 per cent. per annum or such lower rate as the profits of the line may be sufficient to meet. The purchasers are also bound by their agree- ment to extend the existing Railway at the rate of 124 miles within 18 months of the passing of the Law for the incorporation of the Company and at the rate of 124 miles per annum thereafter until through communication is afforded between King. ston and Port Antonio and Kingston and Montego Bay. The Company were empowered to issue bonds to the extent of £320,000 imme- diately on their formation, and further issues of £200,000 on the completion of each section of 25 miles of the extensions until the full amount of £1,500,000 is reached. A Law, 12 of 1889, was passed to give effect to this arrangement and on the Com- pany paying the amount and lodging the second mortgage bonds, as required by the Law, the Railway was transferred to them on the 1st January, 1890. On that day the first meeting of the Directors of the Company was held on the Railway pre- mises, all the Directors being present. On the 30th day of December, 1889, a first mortgage amounting to £1,500,000 and bonds to a like amount were executed, and second mortgage bonds amounting to £800,000, together with £100,000 of share capital, were issued in accordance with Law 12 of 1889. The Trustees for the first mortgage are :-Harry Hankey Dobree, Alban George Henry Gibbs, and Henry William Birch, respectively, of the City of London, England, Esquires. On the 22nd day of January, 1891, a section of 124 miles from Porus which had been constructed by the West India Improvement Company, having been examined HOTEL COMPANIES. 483 HOTEL COMPANIES IN JAMAICA. THE AMERICAN HOTELS COMPANY IN JAMAICA. This Company has been formed in Jamaica for the purpose of erecting hotels in the island, to be worked on the system of American Hotels. The capital of the Company is £30,000 in 15,000 shares of £2 each. The sum of 5/ was payable on application for shares and 15/ on their allotment, and the balance in calls not exceeding 5) each and at intervals of not less than three months. The number of shares allotted up to the 21st October, 1890, (the end of the Company's financial year) was 6,418, represent- ing a capital, when fully paid up, of £12,836 upon which all the calls had been made but a balance of £920 38. 11d. was still left to be collected. Operations were begun upon the hotel ut Constant Spring which occupies a fine site on Constant Spring Estate in the parish of St. Andrew, in 1888. It is about six miles from Kingston and is in the immediate vicinity of the line of the Car Com- pany. The Company having been admitted to the privileges of the Hotels Law of 1890, were permitted to issue debentures to the extent of £16,750 for the purpose of completing and equipping the Hotel. The building which was finished in the early part of the present year contains more than one hundred sleeping rooms, with sitting rooms, dining rooms, parlour, and a magnificent swimming bath attached and all other modern improvements. The grounds are about sixty acres in extent and are very tastefully laid out. Several avenues, lined on each side by native fruit and ornamental trees, will eventually form beautiful shady walks. The hotel commands to the south an excellent view of the Kingston harbour and to the north of the hills that skirt the Liguanea plains. It was liberally patronised during the winter months by visitors from the United States and Canada as well as from the mother country. Secretary--Mr. Joseph Phillips, Kingston P.O. THE KINGSTON HOTELS COMPANY. This Company was formed in 1890 for the purpose of providing a first class Hotel in Kingston. An excellent site was secured at Myrtle Bank in the Eastern portion of Harbour Street, and the Company have erected there a substantial and commo- dious building. Some of the rooms are very handsome and all of them are well furnished. The Hotel is capable of accommodating a large number of visitors while its convenient position and excellent arrangements render it popular. The Com- pany have issued debentures to the extent of £30,000, the debentures and interest thereon being guaranteed by Government under the provisions of Law 27 of 1890. The Secretary of the Company is Mr. H. A. Cunha. THE JAMAICA HOTELS COMPANY. This Company was formed in 1890 for the laudable object of providing a com- fortable lodging for the respectable peasantry of the island, large numbers of whom were expected to visit and did visit the Exhibition opened in January, 1891. The Hotel erected by the Company is situated at the corner of Heywood Street and Princess Street, and is known as the Queen's Hotel. It is admirably suited in its arrangements and charges for the purpose for which it was intended. During the time of the Exhibition, it was visited by large numbers of the respectable peasant proprietors, members of the Rural Police Force, and country tradesmen. The Di- rectors have supplied a want long felt by country folk of the humbler classes, that, namely, of obtaining in Kingston comfortable quarters at prices within their means. The Secretary is Mr. R. Parkinson. THE ST. CATHERINE HOTELS COMPANY. This Company has built at Spanish Town the Hotel Rio Cobre, so called after the river of that name, which runs past the grounds. The building is commodious and comfortable, and has been constructed with special regard to the necessities of a warm climate. The Company is one of those which is under contract with the Government in accordance with the provisions of Law 27 of 1890. The Secretary is Mr. J. A. S. Vaz, Spanish Town. 484 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA, THE MONEAGUE HOTELS COMPANY. MONEAGUE is a village in the beautiful parish of St. Ann. A few gentlemen of the parish, availing themselves of the provisions of Law 27 of 1890, formed themselves into a company and purchased in that year the greater part of a property called Rose Hall lying just beyond the village of Moneague, on which they have built a fine Hotel The building stands on an eminence commanding charming views in every direction ; the climate is perfect and the arrangements for the entertainment of visitors are satisfactory. This is the only Hotel of those built under the Hotels Law of 1890 which is not placed in the lowlands, the elevation at which it stands being 950 feet above the sea. There are many beautiful drives in the district, and the Roaring River Falls, the famous Gully Road, Ocho Rios Bay and other places noted for their picturesque beauty are within easy reach. Vehicles can be had at all times at Moneague. The Hotel is nine miles from the Railway Terminus at Ewarton, where conveyances from Moneague await the arrival of each train. The Moneague Hotels Company have issued debentures to the extent of £7,000, guaranteed by Government under the pro- visions of the Hotels Law, 1890. Mr. A. N. Sutherland, of Moneague, is Secretary of the Company. THE KINGSTON ICE-MAKING COMPANY. The Kingston Ice-making Company, Limited, was established in 1884. The Capital of the Company is divided into 25,500 shares of £1 each, the sub- scribed capital to 30th June, 1892, being £27,436 The Financial Statements shew the net gain for sale of Ice for six months to be £2,958 13 7 Interest on Investments 111 50 7 From this amount the Directors propose to pay & dividend of 2s. per share which will absorb ... $3,069 18 2,200 0 0 Leaving a balance of £869 18 7 to be carried to Reserve Account, which will then amount to £10,130 38. 2d. During the past six months 21,735 blocks of Ice of 208lbs. each were made, equal to 2,260 tons of Ice of 2,000lbs. each. DIRECTORS. H. Stern, Esq., Chairman. P. E. Auvray H. Garsia G, Adams Moses Delgado. Esqs. W. Andrews Dr. James Ogilvie Hiam Barrow Hon. Geo. Stiebel, C.M.G. Joshua DeCordova James Verley, Esq. Hon. C. J. Ward, C.M.G. SECRETARY & MANAGER.-Mr. W. Arbouin Paine. AUDITORS.—John Murray & A. H. Jones, Esqe. OFFICE.-72A Water Lane. THE JAMAICA ELECTRIC LIGHT AND POWER COMPANY. This Company was formed on the recommendation of a Committee appointed by a Meeting held at the Jamaica Chamber of Commerce on the 27th of May, 1889, and the Memorandum and Articles of Association having been prepared and adopted, was duly registered on the 21st day of September, 1889, the Capital being £20,000 in 10,000 shares of £2 each. The total paid-up capital is £10,164. There have been 5,077 shares issued to 31st July, 1891. After careful investigation it was determined to adopt the system of the Thomson Houston Company of Boston, U.S.A., and an order was accordingly placed with them for the necessary plant. The exclusive agency for Jamaica of this most satisfactory system of Electric LIFE ASSURANCE SOCIETY. 487 £2,216 11 3 The earnings of the Company for the year ending 30th April, 1892, have been Against which there has to be debited- Losses by Sea-Risks £123 3 10 Working expenses 606 16 11 Leaving a balance of 730 09 £1,486 10 6 DIRECTORS. J. W. Branday, Esq., Chairman. G. C. H. Lewis, Esq., Vice-Chairman. W. R. McPherson W. Bailey T. N. Cripps H. Stern H. Barrow Geo. Adams A. Pawsey S. L. Williamson, Esqs. AUDITORS.-J. Murray and W. A. Paine, Esqs. MANAGER AND SECRETARY.-Joshua De Cordova, Esq. OFFICE.-154 Harbour St., Kingston, THE JAMAICA MUTUAL LIFE ASSURANCE SOCIETY. It was at the close of the year 1843, over forty-nine years ago, that seven gentlemen, all now deceased, met for the purpose of forming a Life Assurance Society in Ja- maica. Those gentlemen were Alexander Barclay, Edward Jordon, James David- son, John Samuel Brown, W. W. Anderson, Henry Franklin, and John V. Purrier, Esquires. Having arranged the necessary preliminaries a public meeting was held at the Kingston Court House on the 26th January, 1844, when it was agreed that “the Jamaica Mutual Life Assurance Society be now formed.” Application was then made to the House of Assembly for the necessary Law of Incorporation and the draft Bill was referred to a Committee of the House. In the Committee it was proposed to receive the Society's moneys at 5 per cent. Mr. John S. Brown, one of the founders of the Institution, and for twenty-two years its valued and highly esteemed Secre. tary, did good service in his place as a member of that Committee by proposing and carrying an amendment for 6 per cent. instead of 5, on the ground that 6 per cent. was the usual interest of the island, and that the project was in the nature of a Friendly Society. Mr. Darling (afterwards Governor of the Colony) then a member of Assembly, seconded and ably supported Mr. Brown's amendment and it was carried. On the passing of the law a Board of Directors consisting of the gentlemen first named, with Mr. Alexander Barclay as Chairman, was appointed, and the first policy was issued on the 1st May, 1844. To the end of that year 53 policies were issued, assuring £31,450. The success of the Society during the past forty-seven years has indeed been re- markable ; it has experienced uninterrupted prosperity, and this is strikingly demon- strated by the fact that in no instance have the Directors found it necessary to dis- turb the investments in order to meet any claims made on the Society. The early subscribers and subsequent upholders can with pleasurable pride refer not only to the prosperity that has attended the Society, but to the substantial benefit conferred on the families of deceased Assurers; and it is with no little gratification that the Directors have been able to announce that the operations of the Society have now reached over a half of a million. Fifteen bonuses have been paid ... £138,265 6 2 Claims by death and endowment paid 256,826 97 Capital Stock 120,401 0 1 £515,492 15 10 The number of policies issued is 2,749 and the income of the Society exceeds £20,000 per annum. One thousand two hundred and sixty-six policies are in exis- tence, amounting with additions to £421,687 19s. 10d., and the total assets are £128,898 2s. 7d. The whole of the profits are divided among the Assurers and it is believed they exceed those of any other similar Society in the island. For example, a policy for 488 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. £300 taken out in 1850 has been increased, by bonus additions, to £920 11s. 6d., while a policy for £1,000 taken out in 1854 now stands at £2,676 17s. 11d. with bonus additions The three last bonuses issued by the Society were taken as under :- 1882. 1885. 1888. In cash In free policies In reduction of premium £7,458 96 3,721 5 10 22 18 3 £8,869 15 8 5,006 5 1 14 09 £8,806 4 6,483 16 0 0 £11,202 137 £13,890 1 6 £15,290 0 0 The stability of the Society may be described by the following extracts from re- ports of the Actuary, Alexander Glen Finlaison, Esq., of the National Debt Office, London. In 1873 he wrote: “It is a matter of the greatest satisfaction to find that the condition of the Society's engagements may be announced with perfect confidence to be at this moment in a state of prosperity such as cannot be questioned by the most rigorous judgment." In 1876 he said: “The financial condition of the Society is, on the present occasion, in a relatively stronger position than it was three years ago; this is a state of affairs which will form a subject of congratulation.” In 1879 he stated : “ The position of the Society is superior from a financial point of view to that which was the case on the 4th January, 1876." In 1882 he said : “ The Society is now on a level of stability with the highest class of Assurance Societies in Eng- land.” In 1885, when recommending a bonus at the rate of 35 per cent. of the values of the policies, Mr. Finlaison reported that “the amount of the funds of the Society confers a very high rank upon the financial position in relation to its engagements to its members and upon this score places it on an equality with the highest class of Assurance Societies in Great Britain." In 1888 Mr. T. B. Sprague, M.A., a member of the Council of the Institute of Actuaries of Great Britain and Ireland wrote as fol- lows to the Secretary in connection with the valuation for the 1888 bonus: “I can- not refrain from adding a few words to congratulate both the Directors and yourself upon the satisfactory result of the valuation I have made by an unusually stringent method. It surprises me that your Society having so large an amount of undivided surplus in which new entrants are permitted to share upon equal terms does not secure almost all the life assurance in the island.” One of the main causes of the success of the Society is the extreme vigilance in the selection of lives, which has led to the death-rate being always below the average. The Directors have also given great care and attention to the investments. At pre- sent there are £8,629 Os. 4d. invested in mortgage, £84,515 16s, Od, in Government securities and £7,127 4s. 6d. in loans on Jamaica Debentures. Loans to members exist to the extent of £22,709 7s. 9d. ; on these loans 5 per cent. is paid and the policies of the borrowers are held as securities at their surrender value. One of the many advantages of the Jamaica Mutual is that it now pays all its claims immediately on proof of death and title and in this particular the Society has a great advantage over the other Life Assurance Institutions doing business in the island. PATRON. His Excellency Sir Henry Barkly, G.C.M.G. DIRECTORS. Simon Emanuel Pietersz, Esq., Chairman. William Lee, Esq., Deputy Chairman. Francis B. Lyons, Esq. Rev. George W. Downer J. T. Palache Hon. John T. Orrett Peter B. Desnoes A. H. Pinnock J. McLean, Esqs. SECRETARY--Albert H. Jones, Esq. SOLICITOR-S. Constantine Burke, Esq. AUDITORS, Stephen W. Mais, Esq R. S. Haughton, Esq. T. N. Cripps, Esq. ASSURANCE OFFICES. 489 LIFE ASSURANCE OFFICES. THERE are ten Life Assurance Offices represented in Jamaica. The Jamaica Mutual Society is purely local. The following is a list of the Assurance Offices doing business in the island :- Age 25. Age 30. Age 35. I Age 40. Offices. Agents. i Hall v Hali Half V I Half Yearly. Yearly. Y early. Yearly. Hall le Hall Yearly. Yearly. Yearly. Yearly. i- £ S. d. £ s. d. £ 8. d. £ $. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. Jamaica Mutual A. H. Jones, Sec 3 3 1 1 12 5 3 9 9 1 15 10 4 0 10 2 1 7 4 9 2 2 5 11 New York Life . | G. J. DeCordova | 2 11 10 1 7 0 2 19 2 1 10 9 3 8 9 1 15 9 4 1 7 2 2 5 Northern Chas. Levy & Co. 3 2 10 1 12 3 3 8 8 1 15 3 3 15 10 1 18 11 4 4 10 2 3 0 Queen W. Malabre & Co. 3 8 0 3 15 4 4.60 4 15 6 Royal Anderson & Watson 3 9 4 1 15 5 3 14 2 1 17 11 4 0 5 2 1 1 4 8 6 2 5 4 Standard A. W Farquharson 3 8 9 3 18 4 4 811 5 1 4 Scottish Amicable Harvey & Bourke 4 6 5 4 11 9 2 7 3 4 18 2 2 10 7 5 6 3 2 14 9 London Assurance 0. Marescaux 2 14 0 3 19 6 4 6 3 4 14 11 Sun of Canada. J. C. Fegan & Co. 3 0 4. 3 6 8 3 14 10 4 4 10 Whittington William Andrews 3 2 7 1 12 6 3 8 9 1 15 9 3 15 11 1 19 6 4 4 11 2 4 8 Equitable Life . A. DeCordova $12 43 $14 19 $16 49 $19 57 City of Glasgow - Martin & Spicer | 4 2 3 | 4 8 5 4 16 5 J5 4 6 | Age 45. Age 50. Age 55. Age 60. Offices. Agents. Half Ilall Half Yearly. Yearly. Yearly. Yearly. Half Yearly. Yearly. Yearly. Yearly. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ 8. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ 8. d. Jamaica Mutual A. H. Jones, Sec. 1 5 3 10 2 13 7 5 18 6 3 1 3 6 12 8 3 8 8 7 6 5 3 15 5 New York Life . G. J. DeCordova 4 18 11 2 11 6 6 2 11 3 3 11 Northern Chas. Levy & Co. | 4 16 9 2 9 8 5 12 4 2 17 8 6 13 2 3 8 6 8 1 6 4 3 2 Queen . W. Malabre & Co. 5 9 3 6 4 701 7 18 9 Royal Anderson & Watson 5 1 11 2 12 3 6 0 0 3 1 87 2 7 3 13 6 8 13 8 4 9 10 Standard . A. W. Farquharson 5 14 11 1 6 11 1 Scottish Amicable Harvey & Bourke 6 1 3 3 2 6 6 19 11 3 11 81 8 0 1 4 2 6 London Assurance 0. Marescaux 15 6 5 6 15 7 1 5 8 12 11 Sun of Canada . J. C. Fegan & Co. 4 17 51 5 13 3 6 12 11 Whittington William Andrews 4 15 5 2 9 10 5 10 6 2 17 5 6 13 7 3 9 6 8 4 9 4 5 0 Equitable Life . A. DeCordova $23 73 $29 49 $37 45 City of Glasgow . Martin & Spicer 19 10) £6 19 10 GG FREEMASONRY. 491 PROVINCIAL GRAND LODGE OF JAMAICA FOR SCOTLAND. Right Wor. Bro. S. C. Burke Provincial Grand Master Wor. Wm. Duff Deputy Master M. H. Lawrence Secretary John Milholland Treasurer G. S. Thomson Senior Warden Dr. E. E. Bronstorph Junior Warden W. C. McCalla Chaplain E. A. H. Haggart Senior Deacon J. H. Berry Junior Deacon Dr. R. G. S. Bell Inner Guard Brother W. H. Johnson Director of Cere- monies J. Prego Standard Bearer J. Griffiths Sword Bearer H. Libra Steward E. E. Mendes Do. A, M. Williams Bible Bearer John Hoyes Tyler. MARK MASTER PROVINCIAL GRAND LODGE OF JAMAICA, Right Wor. J. C. Macglashan District Grand Master Wor. Bro. J. W. Whitbourne Deputy District Grand Mark Master B. Stines, Jr. Junior Warden Very Wor. Bro. O. Delgado Master Overseer J. L. Ashenheim Senior Overseer 0. Delgado, Jr. Junior Overseer T. N. Aguilar Treasurer G. A. Campbell Registrar of Marks E. X. Leon Secretary D. Barned Senior Deacon G. R. Taylor Junior Deacon Vacant Inspector of Works A. H. Jones Director of Ceremonies L. C. Hollar Sword Bearer A. P. Myers Standard Bearer W. D. Smedmore Inner Guard J. M. Simpson A. P. Alberga Stewards Brother Vacant Tyler. UNDER ENGLISH CONSTITUTION. CRAFT LODGES. Royal, Kingston No. 207 Wor. Bro. F. G. Sale Master, Friendly 239 „ J. E. Lyons Sussex 354 ,, W. Duti Friendly, Montego Bay 393 Phonix, Port Royal 914 , W. Cox Hamilton, Spanish Town , 1410 W. D. Byles Collegium Fabrorum, Kingston , 1836 5. R. Alexander Kingston 1933 15 H. W. Smith HOLY ROYAL ARCI CHAPTERS. Royal Most Excell. Compn. T. Briscoe, Principal Z. Friendly J. DeCordova , Sussex R. S. Haughton , Phenix L. C. Hollar ROSE CROIX Jamaica No 20 S Excell. Bro. A. H. Jones, Most Wise Sovereign R. S. Haughton, Prelate Charles Plummer, Most Wise Sovereign Kingston Rev. W.C. McCalla, Prelate. PRECEPTORY OF KNIGHTS TEMPLARS. Sir Knight W. L. Mudon, Eminent Preceptor. Sir Knight A. H. Jones, Constable. UNDER SCOTCH CONSTITUTION, CRAFT LODGES. Glenlyon Lodge, Kingston No. 346 . Rt. Wor. Bro. J. H. Berry . Master Seville, St. Ann's Bay 530 H. S. Groves Caledonian, Port Maria 554 A. D. C. Levy St. John, Kingston 623 R. G. S. Bell Athole Union, Falmouth Henry Reuben GG 2 492 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. *! MARK LODGES. HOLY ROYAL AROH CHAPTER. Glenlyon Royal Arch Chapter No. 62 . Most Excellent K. J. Spicer, Principal Z. ROSE CROIX llust. Bro. S. C. Burke, 33 deg., Most Wise Sovereign and General Superintendent for the West Indies. Sussex Mark Lodge, No. 42, Prov. No.1,1 Wor. C. W. Tait, Master Kingston Clifton Mount Keystone, No. 230, Prov. į No. 2, Kingston » A. DeCordova Royal Keystone Lodge, No. 240, Prov. No. 3, Kingston A. E. Langley Phoenix MarkLodge, No. 242, Prov. No. 4, Kingston , 0. Delgado, Jnr. Kingston Keystone, No. 368, Prov. No. 6. , William Andrews DATES OF MEETINGS OF LODGES AND CHAPTERS IN KINGSTON, &c. GRAND LODGES. District Grand Lodge of Jamaica . Fourth Thursday in January and July. Provincial Grand Lodgeof Scotland. First Thursday in February, May and Au. gust and on the 30th November. Provincial Grand Lodge Mark Master Fourth Wednesday in March and Septem- Masons ber. CRAFT LODGES. Royal First Monday in every Month. Phænix, Port Royal First Tuesday Kingston First Wednesday Hamilton, Spanish Town First Thursday Friendly Second Monday Glenlyon Second Wednesday , Collegium Fabrorum Second Thursday Sussex Third Wednesday St. John's Fourth Monday Jamaica Fourth Tuesday in every other Month. HOLY ROYAL ARCH CHAPTERS. Royal, Kingston Fourth Thursday in January, April, July and October. Phænix, Port Royal . Fourth Thursday in January, April, July and October Friendly, Kingston Third Monday in February, May, August and November. Sussex First Tuesday in March, June, September and December. Glenlyon First Wednesday in March, June, Septem- ber and December. MARK LODGES. Sussex Fourth Wednesday in Feb., June and Oct. Clifton Mount Keystone • First Monday in March, June, September and December. Royal Keystone Third Monday in March, June, September and December. Glenlyon Not fixed. Kingston Keystone Not fixed. The Directors of the Jamaica Masonic Benevolence meet on the second Thursday in each month. ANCIENT ORDER OF FORESTERS. THERE are eight Courts in this island all of which communicate direct with the Executive Council in England. The main objects of the Society are to provide for the sick and distressed, to bury the dead and to assist the widows and orphans of deceased brethren. The following are the names of the Courts and of the Secretaries for the Term :- Court Hinds, S. A. Johnson, Kingston, Court Kerr, A. R. Agate, Montego Bay. Court Jackson, J, B. Edwards, Spanish Town. Court Vickers, W. Robertson, Sav..la-Mar. Court Union, H. W. Dadd, Port Royal Court Solomon, C. Phillips, St. Ann's Bay. Court Nunes, B. Powell, Falmouth. Court Westmorland, R. D. Ball, Annotto Bay. There are over three hundred members in the several Courts, about eighty being attached to Court Hinds of Kingston ; this is the oldest Court in the island, having ODD FELLOWS. 493 been organized in 1863 by the late Brother Jacob Hinds, of Court Western Star of Barbados, who died on the 11th of April, 1883, and to whose memory a tablet has been erected on the Court premises in Hanover Street. Each Court meets once a month for ordinary business. INDEPENDENT ORDER OF ODD FELLOWS, MANCHESTER UNITY. The Manchester Unity of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows was established in Jamaica in the year 1885. Three Lodges were opened in Kingston under the jurisdiction of the Barbados District : namely, the Kingston Lily, the Jamaica and the St. Lawrence. The Jamaica Lodge has since been closed. Near the end of the year 1889 the Kingston Lily and St. Lawrence Lodges made application to the Central Body at Manchester, England, for the privilege of being formed into a District branch of the Order, with the result that in the month of December, 1890, the Warrant, Rituals, &c., were sent out and the District duly instituted. Since the formation of the Jamaica District three new Ludges have been opened under its jurisdiction, viz. : the Star of the West at Savanna-la-Mar in the Parish of Westmoreland (1892); the Rose of St. Jago at Spanish Town in the Parish of St. Catherine (1892); the Pride of the North at Montego Bay in the Parish of St. James (1892). The objects of the Society are (a) to provide by entrance fees, contributions of the members, fines, donations and by interests on capital, for insuring a sum of money to be paid on the death of a member, or for the funeral expenses of a member's wife or child, or the widow of a deceased member; (b) for the relief or maintenance of the members (or in the cases in the general Rules, or in the rules of any branch provided) the wives, children, fathers, mothers, brothers or sisters, nephews nieces, or wards (being orphans) of members during sickness or other infirmity whether bodily or mental, in old age or in widowhood; (c) for the relief or main- tenance of the orphan children of members during minority ; (d) for providing proper medicine and medical attendance for members ; (e) for granting temporary assistance to the widows and orphans of deceased members ; (f) for providing mem- bers with assistance when travelling in search of employment; and (9) for assisting members when in distressed circumstances. The Kingston Lily and the Pride of the North meet every other Tuesday, and the St. Lawrence, the Rose of St. Jago and the Star of the West every other Thurs- day for the transaction of general business; while the regular meetings of the District are held on the first Monday in the months of January, April, July and October, in each year, for general business, and on the last Friday in March, June, Sep- tember and December for instruction. The following are the names and addresses of the Presiding Officers and Secre- taries of these local branches :- JAMAICA DISTRICT. Provincial Grand Master-S. A. Johnson, 65 Harbour St., Kingston P. O. " Corresponding Secretary-J. Johnson,19 East Queen St., Kingston P.O. KINGSTON LILY LODGE. Noble Grand-George N. Allen, 24 Princess St., Kingston P. O. Permanent Secretary-J. A. S. Skinner, Jamaica Railway Coi's Storos Office, Kingston P. 0. Elective Secretary-R. A. Alexander, 132 Barry St., Kingston P. O.. ST. LAWRENCE LODGE. Noble Grand-A. Hunt, 24 Orange St., Kingston P. O. Permanent Secretary-J. Johnson, 19 East-Queen St., Kingston P. O. Elective Secretary-Hiam H. Quallo, 307 East Queen St., Kingston P. O. STAR OF THE WEST LODGE. Noble Grand- H. M. Foxton, Sav.-la-Mar P. O. Elective Secretary-A. E. Wainwright, Sav.-la-Mar P. 0. 494 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. ROSE OF ST. JAGO LODGE. Noble Grand-J. A. Laidly, Spanish Town P. (). Permanent Secretary- N. Wilson, Spanish Town P. 0. Elective Secretary-J. F. Rickard, Spanish Town P. O. PRIDE OF THE NORTH LODGE. Noble Grand - Geo. Lyons Brown, Montego Bay P. O. Permanent Secretary- Daniel M. Ignacs, St. James St., Montego Bay P. O. Elective Secretary-George M Jacobs, Church St., Montego Bay, P. 0. THE GRAND UNITED ORDER OF ODD FELLOWS OF ENGLAND AND AMERICA. The United Order of Odd Fellows was established in Jamaica in the year 1880. Three Lodges were opened in Kingston under the jurisdiction of the District Lodge in Kingston-viz. : Kingston Lodge No. 2042, Surrey Lodge No. 1954, Concordia Lodge No 2174 also one in Saint Andrew, viz. : Friendly Lodge No. 3313 and one in Manchioneal, viz : East Carrabean Lodge No. 2853. The object of the Society are (a) to provide by entrance fee, contribution of the members, fines, donations and by interests on capital, for insuring a sum of money to be paid on the death of a member, or for the funeral expenses of a member's wife or child, or the widow of a deceased member ; (6) for the relief or mainte- nance of the member (or in the ca-es hereinafter, or in the relief of any branch provided) the wires, fathers, mothers, children (heing orphans)of members during sickness or other infirmity whether bodily or mental, in old age or widowhood, (c) for the relief or maintenance of the orphan children of members during minority ; (d)for providing proper medicine and medical attendance for members ; (e) for granting temporary assistance to the widows and orphans of deceased mem- bers ; (f) for providing members with assistance when travelling in search of employment ; (9) and for assisting members when in distressed circumstances. The following are Executive Officers of the District Lodge :-- DISTRICT LODGE NO. 16. Most Worshipful Dist. Grand Master - Bro. Jno. Thos. Minot. « Dept. Dist. " R. M. Nicholas Grand Sec.-C. S. Lindo " Chaplain--J B. Edwards " Treasurer-W. A. Richardson " Warden-F. A. Dick “ Marshall-G. W. Byrnes “ Guardian-R. H. Reid. SUBORDINATE LODGES-KINGSTON G. V. O. OF O. F. NO. 2042. Officers. Geo McCormack, N. G. C. L, Sheerwood, P. S. I. Young, V. G. G. W. Byrnes, Treasurer. I. Cato, E. S. SURRY LODGE NO. 1954. T. L. Dallas, N. G. C. Murphy, Warden H. Young, V. G. R. M. Michaels, P. S. T, F. Ardinett, Treasurer M. Escoffery, E. S. I. Young, Chaplain S. Warham, Guardian S. Duff, P. N. F. A. Cathcart, Advocate C. Stanford, P. N G. P. S. Logan, N. F. (ONCORDIA LODGE NO. 2 N. Chandler, N. F. J. W. De Montagnac, Treasurer F. A. Dick, P. S. J. Gavin, E. S. W. Howard, Warden J. E. Crawley, V. G. W. Rily, N G. II. Edwards, P. N. F. S. Ince, Chaplain. JAMAICA CLUB. 497 The following is a list of the subordinate Lodges now working, with the names of the Lodge Deputies :- Locality. Name of Lodge. Night of Meeting. Lodge Deputy. Kingston, 76 Hanover U Street Kingston, Wesley School room Spanish Town, 15 Monk Street Port Antonio Savanna-la-Mar Black River Lluidas Vale Imperial Lily St. Catherine Anchor Harbour of Safety Karlsteen Lluidas Vale Mondays Fridays Tuesdays Tuesdays Thursdays Tuesdays Thursdays |W. H. Thomas Rev. S. R. Braithwaite {G. 2. Levy J. A. McKenzie P. A. Cole E. Franklin D. C. Thompson . The Grand Lodge meets annually in March. The office of the Grand Secretary is at No. 15 Monk Street, Spanish Town, and any particulars respecting the formation of new Lodges, &c., can be obtained from him. JAMAICA CLUB. The Jamaica Club was first organized in the latter part of 1872 and was formally declared open on the 15th January of the following year at temporary and very cir- cumscribed premises situated in King Street. In June of 1874 the Managing Com. mittee obtained on a yearly rental of £150 the more commodious premises No. 103 East Street, which admitted of the setting apart of bedrooms for the accommodation of country members. The enlarged scope of the Club consequent on the acquisition of these more suitable premises necessitated the persunal supervision of a Resident Secretary, which office was undertaken by Mr. A. P. Short, and it is in a consider- able measure due to this gentleman's exertions that the ultimate success of the under- taking was assured. The house in East Street was in turn vacated in December, 1877, on the termina- tion of the lease under which it was held, the owner desiring to re-enter into posses. sion, and, with but a limited time to look about them for another building, the Com- mittee had no alternative but to take the most suitable place at the time offering, namely, the premises No. 59 Hanover Street. Some years later these premises were added to by the acquisition, by purchase, of the adjoining tenement, No. 61 ; and a large, commodious and handsome Club House has been erected covering the sites formerly occupied by these two buildings which were pulled down for the purpose of the new premises. The freehold is the property of the members, having been purchased partly with Club Funds and partly with moneys raised on scrip subscribed for by members and bearing interest at the rate of 6 per centum per annum, the build- ing and furniture being the security for the ultimate re-payment of the advances. During the progress of building operation the premises, No. 41 Duke Street, were tenanted for the use of members. The Club is managed by a Committee consisting of 20 elected members, two of whom are by vote of the others chosen President and Vice-President. The present holders of the office are Lieut.-Colonel C. J. Ward, C.M.G., and Hon. V. G. Bell. The election of candidates for inembership is in the hands of the Committee by ballot and every candidate must be proposed by one member and seconded by another, to both of whom he must be personally known. The names of candidates, their places of residence and professions, with the names of their proposers and seconders, must be recorded in the Candidate's Book at least 21 days prior to election, the book being placed for reference on the table of the Reading Room of the Club. The entrance fee is £5 58., and the annual subscription is £3 38. for members residing within a radius of 13 miles of Kingston, and £2 2s. for country members. 498 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. Officers of the Army and Navy admitted, after the usual ballot, to membership on payment of an annual subscription of £2 2s. The Governor, the Commander of the Forces, the Commodore on the Station, and the Officers of the North American and West Indian Squadron (the Guardship excepted) are honorary members. Members have the privilege of introducing their friends to the Club, and gentlemen on a visit to the island, on being introduced by a member, may be received as visiting members for a period of 15 days without charge, which period may subsequently be extended for six months on payment of 10/6 per month ; but should they desire to continue the use of the Club after the expiry of that time their names must be sub- mitted for election as permanent members, the amount already paid being deducted from their regular subscription. Games of hazard are not allowed, and the removal from the Club House of books, newspapers, &c., is strictly forbidden. By-laws are from time to time framed respecting the billiard room, card room, &c., &c., which have the same force and effect as the general regulations on which the management of the Institution is based. MANAGING COMMITTEE. Hon. Lieut.-Colonel C. J. Ward, C.M.G., President. Hon. V. G. Bell, Vice-President. Captain Forwood A. Watson-Taylor W. Mackinnon W. B. Gray, Esq. G. H. Pearce F. B. Lyons, Esqs. Dr. A. R. Saunders R. S. Haughton Hon. Geo. Stiebel, C.M.G. Hon. W. Bourke S. S. Wortley J. T. Palache Dr. Gayleard L. F. Mackinnon, Esqs. A. A. H. W. Wedderburn, Esqs. TREASURER.-Mr. J. Imrie. ACTG. HON. BEC.-J. B. B, Chadwick. KINGSTON YACHT CLUB. The above Club was formed in the early part of 1889. Since then until the pre- sent time (January, '93) the Club has steadily increased in working members and now numbers some 60 men. The Club House is at Putney Lodge, Water Lane, Kingston. The Fleet consists of 7 yachts, two two-oared Club whalers, and seve- ral skiffs and pulling boats. The Officers of the Club are : Commodore-Captain Mould. Vice-Commodore-Aston W. Gardner, Esq. Rear-Commodore-Jos. Hutton, Esq. Treasurer--Mr. R. Bewley. Asst. Treasurer—Mr. W. Walker. COMMITTEE : Mr. C. Heyden Mr. J. Few " W. Kirkpatrick " A. Reid « W. F. Halsted " Geo. Randall. Hon. Secretary-Mr. L. C. B. Yeoman. ROYAL JAMAICA YACHT CLUB. The objects of the Club are the encouragement of yachting and boating. The Club consists of nearly two hundred and fifty members and is managed by a Committee con- sisting of a Commodore, a Vice-Commodore, a Rear Commodore, a Secretary, a Trea- surer and twelve other members. The burgee is white with blue St. George's Cross and yellow crown in centre. The subscription is one guinea per annum payable in advance. The members of the Club are elected by the Committee of Management, two black balls excluding. Naval and Military Commissioned Officers on the Station may be honorary members and may be allowed to enter the boats under their command in club races, subject to the approval of the Sailing Committee. Club Boats competing for a race must be steered throughout the match by a member of the Club. Boats that are em- ployed in trade are excluded from competition in Club races or from being entered on the list of Club yachts. All prizes sailed for by Club boats must be given in plate or other suitable articles but not in money. VICTORIA INSTITUTE. 499 No higher stakes than six-penny points are allowed in connection with the playing of any games in the Rooms and politics and religious questions of every kind are abso- lutely excluded from open discussion in the Club. The Club House, recently enlarged, stands on a site in Rae Town commanding a splendid view of Kingston Harbour. The Annual Regatta is held on the Queen's Birthday and has now become an event giving pleasure on that day to hundreds of all classes in Kingston. COMMITTEE OF MANAGEMENT. COMMODORE.-His Excellency Sir H. A. Blake, K.C.M.G., VICE-COM.-Commodore T. L. Jackson, R.N. REAR-COM.-J. H. De Pass, Esq. Commander Evans, R.N., Capt. Roome, Military Member. Naval Member. G. W. Taylor A. C. Mais H. R. Miller K. J. Spicer J. W. Middleton Geo. Orrett G. A. Douglas L. Wylie J. A. Robison, Esqs. HON. SECRETARY-Commr. Nankivell, R.N. HON. TREASURER-R. Johnstone, Esq. The following is a list of the Club Yachts :- Name. Owner. Rating. Rig. Distinguishing Flag. 4.0 29 DI Alpha Commodore T. L. Jack 10.5 Cutter son, R.N., C.B. Olive Cutter White with red Maltese cross. Gilda J. H. DePass Cutter Blue and white chequers Maggie Hon. George Stiebel, Cutter Blue with white star. C.M.G. Phryne .T. Mould and others ... Cutter White with blue dia- mond. Psyche . Geo. Orrett and others Cutter White, red St. Andrew's cross with brown in centre. Sylvia J. Allwood Cutter Yellow and black hori. zontal bars. Dione Dr. Bronstorph 5.1 Cutter Elaine J. W. Toone and others 1.5 Cutter Blue, white St. Andrew's cross, red balls in cen- tre. Marjorie . Capt. Roome and others! 1.5 Bermudian . VICTORIA INSTITUTE. THE Victoria Institute was inaugurated on the evening of the 24th August, 1887. by Governor Sir Henry Wylie Norman, G.C.B., as part of the festivities of the Queen's Jubilee Year : its objects are the intellectual improvement of its members and the promotion and cultivation of a taste for literature, science and art in Jamaica, generally. The Reading and Lecture Rooms are provided with maps, reviews and other pe- riodicals, and with English, American and Island newspapers. The Library contains the latest Library Editions of the best English Authors in prose and verse, including recently published works of an instructive and entertaining character, contemporary publications of the Imperial and Local Governments and a selected assortment of works of reference. The Recreation Rooms are fitted up for the playing of billiards, chess, bagatelle, whist and other social games. Gambling is strictly prohibited. The entrance fee of an ordinary member is half-a-guinea and his subscription, if he be resident in Kingston or within a radius of five miles of the Kingston Parish Church, is 24/ per annum; if beyond these limits 12) per annum. The subscription of a lady subscriber is 12! per annum, without any entrance fee. The subscription of a life member is £5 5s., including entrance fee, which must be paid in a single payment. The Directors stated in a recent report that the Institute had exceeded the ex- pectations of its Founders. This statement is justified by the fact that the Insti- 500 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA, tute began in July, 1887, with a membership of 156, and at the close of the fourth year (30th June, 1891, the number of members had increased to 376 and the num- ber of lady subscribers to 37. The receipts during 1889-90 amounted to £1,118 10s. 6d. A feature in the management of the Institute is the publication of the “Vic- toria Quarterly,” a literary Journal which has met with high praise from gentlemen at home and abroad of acknowledged prominence in the literary world. The report of the Directors shows that the expenses on account of the periodical were almost covered by the subscriptions received during the year. The Directors in their last report complimented the members on the great success of the Institute," and on the fact “that there is now permanently established in Kingston an agreeable and instructive place of resort for the youth of the city.” PATRON. His Excellency Sir Henry Arthur Blake, K.C.M.G., Governor. VICE-PATRONS. Hon. Major-General Clive Justice, c.M.G., Commanding H. M.'s Troops. Hon. Sir Adam Gib Ellis, knt., Chief Justice. Hon. Neale Porter, C.M.G., Colonial Secretary. The Right Rev. Bishop Nuttall, D.D. The Right Rev. Bishop Gordon, s.J., D.D. Commodore Lloyd, R.N., in Command of Jamaica Station. C. Washington Eves, Esq., C.M.G., 1 Fen Court, London, Hon. George Stiebel, C.M.G., Custos of St. Andrew. Hon. Thomas Capper, B.A., B.Sc., Inspector of Schools. William Malabre, Esq., late Member for Kingston and St. Andrew. Hon. J. T. Orrett, Member of the Privy Council. Hon. Lieut.-Col. Ward, C.M.G., Custos of Kingston. PRESIDENT. S. Constantine Burke, Esq., F.R.G.S. VICE-PRESIDENTS. Hon. J. C. Phillippo, M.D. Hon. Wellesley Bourke. CORRESPONDING MEMBER IN LONDON. C. Washington Eves, Esq., C.M.G. DIRECTORS. Rev. William Simms, M.A. Mr. Herman Stern. Mr. C. E. D'Mercado. Mr. C. M. Sherlock. Mr. W. A. Paine. Mr. George Douglas, jr. Mr. C. W. Tait. Mr. George E. Burke. Mr L. R. McClelland. Mr. Francis Pouyat. Mr. J. C. Ford. Mr. E. H. Whitehorne. Mr. K. J. Spicer. Mr. Henry Vendryes. Mr. James Dayes. Rev. Father Hogan, s.J. Mr. Charles Solomon. Mr. J. L. Ashenheim. Mr. T. F. Clarke. Mr, H. E. H. Davis. SECRETARY-Mr. E. Jordon Andrews. TREASURER—Mr. E. Jordon Andrews. LIBRARIAN-Mr. W. G. MacFarlane. EDITORIAL COMMITTEE OF THE VICTORIA QUARTERLY. Mr. J. C. Ford, Chairman. Hon. Thomas Capper, B.A., B.Sc. Rev. Wm. Simms, M.A. Rev. Father Hogan, s.J. Mr. William Fawcett, B.sc. Hon. J. C. Phillippo, M.D. Mr. C. E De Mercado. Mr. George Solomon, F.R.G.8. Mr. Henry Vendryes. Mr. E. Jordon Andrews. J. Cargill, M.D. 502 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. Correspondence is also invited by them from other Chambers of Commerce through. out the world and they would be glad to receive copies of Trade Journals, &c., &c. PATRONS-His Excellency Sir Henry Wylie Norman, G.C.B., G.C.M.G., C.I E. His Excellency Sir Henry A. Blake, K.C.M.G. PRESIDENT-Hon. John T. Orrett. VICE-PRESIDENTS. Wm. Malabre, Esq. Hon. George Stiebel, C.M.G. S. C. Burke, Esq. Hon. Charles J. Ward, c.m.g. COUNCIL, Hon. J. M. Farquharson H. W. Livingston J. E. Kerr E. A. H. Haggart W. N. Farquharson F. B. Lyons C. P Bovell W. Morrison, M. A. Chas. Levy Simon Soutar J. C. Fegan K. J. Spicer Arthur George James Verley P. E. Auvray Herman Stern J. L. Ashenheim A. Winter, Esqs. L. P. Branday Capt. W. P. Forwood C. E. De Mercado George Levy, Esq. A. H. Jones HONORARY TREASURER.-Simon Soutar, Esq. SECRETARY.-W. F. Halsted, Esq. FLORAL AND HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. At a meeting of gentlemen held at the Institute of Jamaica on the 3rd August, 1885, it was resolved to form a regular and permanent Society to cover the operations hitherto undertaken by the Kingston Flower Show Committee, as also to take up matters of general interest connected with horticulture. It was pointed out that since the holding of the annual Flower Shows in Kingston the number of rose and orna- mental plants had been considerably increased. The plants themselves were better cultivated and greater interest was generally taken in the culture and treatment of flowers, fruits and vegetables. The Society was speedily formed and the following rules amongst others were adopted :- “ The object of the Society shall be the promotion of horticulture in all its branches; the introduction of new and rare flowering and economic plants and the improved cultivation of such fruits and vegetables as are capable of being successfully raised in the neighbourhood of Kingston and in other districts of the island. “ The Society shall consist of honorary and ordinary members—the honorary mem- bers being persons eminent for their knowledge of, or for the encouragement they have given to, the horticultural interests of the island. The ordinary members shall pay four shillings per annum in advance, or may compound for this subscription by one payment of two guineas. “The management of the Society shall be vested in a Committee consisting of twenty-six members, together with a President, two Vice-Presidents, a Treasurer and a Secretary, all of whom shall be elected at the general annual meeting in the month of August." The Society was constituted with about 100 members and now numbers 170 members. It has held several interesting meetings for discussions and for reading of papers. Among the papers read were the following : On Tropical Horticulture (two) by Mr. D. Morris, late Director of the Botanic Department; on Kitchen Gardening in Jamaica by the Hon. J. T. Palache of Manchester ; on Propagation of Plants by Mr. J. H Hart, Acting Director of the Botanic Department; on the Cultivation of Plants, espe- cially Roses in pots, by Mr. W. H. McGlashan of Kingston ; on Ferns and their cul- tivation by Mr. J. H Hart; on Strawberry cultivation in Jamaica by Mr. G. J. DeCordova; on Garden Pests and how to destroy them by Mr. J.J. Bowrey ; and on the Classification of Plants by Mr. William Fawcett, B.Sc. The annual Floral aud Horticultural Shows in Kingston are conducted by the 504 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. COMMITTEE OF MANAGEMENT: W. M. Bailey Capt. W. P. Forwood A. H. Pinnock D. Campbell, Esqs. R. H. B. Hotchkin A. Roxburgh Captain Edwin Cole D. Keith H. Scheffer G. N, Cox, Esq. T. Kemp James Verley Frank Cundall E. Verley, Esqs. Hon. Treasurer-E. A. H. Haggart, Esq. Hon. Secretary-R. P. Kitson, Esq. TEACHERS' ASSOCIATIONS AND TEACHERS' INSTITUTE. In the year 1882 Assistant School Inspector Hicks published a plan for organiz- ing, at convenient centres, Teachers Associations, which should comprise Teachers as regular members and School Managers and others as honorary members, and which should seek to promote the efficiency of the Schools and advance the interests of Teachers by holding stated meetings for essays and discussions upon educational topics, by circulating among the members educational periodicals and the most ap- proved works on the art of teaching, etc., and by other suitable means. The follow- ing is a list of the Associations, with the presiding Officers for the year 1892 :- Kingston-Rev. Wm. Gillies. | South Manchester-Rev. R. Johnston, B.D. Metcalfe, St Mary-Rev. F. M. H. Mercier. West Manchester-Rev. P. A. Herman. St. Ann-Rev. J. Cork. Smith Porus-Rev. J. Watson. St. Elizabeth Central J. S. Fraser. Trelawny (Stewart Town)-Rev. W.M. Webb. Santa Cruz Mts.-Rev, S. Negus. Trelawny (Falmouth)-Rev. W. H. Atkins. Retirement--Rev. J. Stuart, B.D. North Manchester-Rev. J. Reinke. Portland-Rev. W. Harty. Clarendon-Mr. C. R. Taylor. Manchester Education Association—Ven. D. B. Panton, M. A. Associations of Teachers, having similar aims, have been formed in connection with the Parochial Councils of the Church of England in several parishes. TEACHERS' INSTITUTE. ' In the onward progress of School Work the Teachers' Associations have been followed by a Teachers’ Institute. The holding of this was suggested by the Rev. William Gillies to the Directors of the Mico Institution as a means of stimulating interest in the study of the history, the science and the practice of teaching. The suggestion was cordially approved by them, the co-operation of the Education De- partment and of the heads of other Training Colleges was readily given, and the services of two American Teachers of the highest qualifications—the Hon. J. W. Dickenson, L.L.D., Secretary of the State Board of Education of Massachusetts, and Professor A. C. Boyden, of Bridgewater Normal School, of the same State were secured to conduct the Institute. The exercises, which began on Tuesday the 24th February, terminated on the 6th March, 1891. They extended over nine work- ing days of two sessions each, one of an hour and a half's duration, and another of two hours, excepting on the opening day when there was only one session. The Hon. Thomas Capper presided at the opening. On Monday the 2nd March the Go- vernor, Sir Henry Blake, honoured the Institute with a visit, and expressed his great satisfaction with what he heard and saw of the Institute. All the Inspectors of Schools and Heads of training Colleges were present during the whole or part of the sittings. Upwards of 550 teachers attended and about 140 students from Train- ing Colleges. The topics handled by the Lecturers were the ends to be secured by Public School Work, the methods of securing these ends, how to develop ideas, Psycology in its bearings on the science and the art of teaching, how to teach Read- ing, Geography, History, Arithmetic and the Natural Sciences generally. In connection with the Institute two crowded public meetings were held in Coke Chapel, one to expound and advocate the ends of education, and the other to show the application of the principles of teaching to Sunday School work. The character of the proceedings and the success of the Institute have been comprehensively stated in the following terms by the Mico Directors when transmitting their thanks for the services of the American Teachers to the State Board of Education of Massachu- setts and the Board of Visitors of Bridgewater Normal School :-“ Our American brethren, deeply interested with us in the great cause of education, will learn with satisfaction that, in number of students and teachers who attended the Institute, CRICKET IN JAMAICA. 505 in the promptitude and regularity of their attendance at the lectures day after day for a period of nearly two weeks, in the intelligent appreciation of the lectures and illustrative exercises, and the general enthusiasm which characterised the proceed- ings from first to last, the Teachers' Institute has far exceeded the expectation of the most sanguine of its promoters. The Directors attribute this unqualified suc- cess chiefly to the high reputation of Dr. Dickinson and Mr. Boyden, and the re- markable ability and skill with which the principles of education have been demon- strated by Dr. Dickinson and illustrated by Mr. Boyden; and the Directors are convinced that a strong impulse has been given to the study of the principles of teaching, and that a permanent beneficial iufluence has been exercised through the visit of these gentlemen, on the elementary schools of this island." The last act of the members of the Institute was to pass a unanimous resolution that arrangements be made for the holding of similar conventions in the future. CRICKET IN JAMAICA. This fine old English game is exceedingly popular in Jamaica and Cricket Clubs exist in nearly all the parishes of the island. The best known Clubs are the Kingston, Garrison, Kensington, Norman and St. George's Clubs in Kingston, the Phoenix and Georgia Clubs in Trelawny, the St. Elizabeth Club, the Manchester Club, the Vere Club in Clarendon and the Titchfield and Wanderer's Clubs in Portland. The St. Elizabeth Club play their matches either on the common of Goshen Pen, where a good wicket can be obtained, or on a prettily situated ground at Mount Olivet in the Santa Cruz Mountains, 2,000 feet above the sea-level, the use of which the members enjoy through the kindness of Mr. Charles E. Isaacs, the proprietor of Mount Olivet. The ground of the Phoenix C. C. is a portion of the property of that name situated about seven miles from Falmouth, the use of which is kindly granted by the Hon. W. Kerr, Custos of St. James. Both these Clubs can put a formidable eleven on the cricket-field when occasion requires. There are in Kingston, besides those mentioned above several Clubs formed amongst the more juvenile members of the community, such as the Blake, the Collegiate School, &c., &c. Jamaica contributed seven men (Kingston C. C. 3; St. Elizabeth C. C. 2 ; Man- chester C. C. 1, and Kensington C. C. 1,) to the team of West Indian Cricketers which played a series of matches in the United States and Canada in 1886, The tour was organized by Mr. G Wyatt, the Captain of the Georgetown Cricket Club (Demerara), and 13 matches were played in all, of which the West Indian Cricketers won 6 and lost 5, and 2 were drawn. In January 1888, a team of Cricketers from the United States visited Jamaica, as a part of a tour through the West Indies. They played matches against the King- ston C. C., the St. Elizabeth C.C., the Portland C. C. and the Officers of the Garrison. They were successful in all these matches except in that against the Kingston C. C. in which they were defeated. During 1891 a team from the Garrison Club, Barbados, visited the island and played five matches against the Kingston and Garrison Clubs and against a team selected from all Jamaica. The visitors, who had amongst them several well-known Cricketers, won two and lost two matches against the Clubs and were beaten by the island team. The Kingston Cricket Club has been in existence for many years, and is now one of the established institutions of the city. It has a large membership which is annually increasing. Honorary members pay a subscription of £1 ls. a year and playing members £1 16s, a year, with an entrance fee of 10s. Country members pay a yearly subscription of 6s. The election to membership is in the hands of the Com- mittee. The ground, recently purchased by the Club, is situated a short distance out of town, at Sabina Park, on the road leading from the Windward Road opposite Park Lodge to the south-eastern entrance to Up-Park Camp. A practising net is up on every week day. A well-organized system of club prizes exists, for the reward of those who have excelled in each year in the various departments of the game. Three Tennis Courts are on the ground and the game is played on every week day except Saturday. Colours, royal blue and white. HH MEDICAL COUNCIL. 507 6. The consideration of the diploma, license, or certificate of any person claim- ing to be registered as a Medical Practitioner in this island. c. The removal from the Register of any Registered Practitioner convicted of felony or misdemeanor, or who might be guilty of infamous conduct in any professional respect. Law 47 of 1872 and Law 13 of 1879, as amended by Law 28 of 1885, provide for the registration in Jamaica of qualified Medical Practitioners who are registered in England, Scotland or Ireland ; and Law 28 of 1885 requires the registration of any person who holds a diploma, license or certificate “conferring or evidencing the pos- session by him of any qualification entitling him to registration.” Any person not qualified to be registered but who holds a diploma, or license, or certificate granted to him by any University, or by any College or Faculty of Physicians or Surgeons, after and in consequence of his having passed through the course of study and exa- minations prescribed by such College or Faculty of Physicians or Surgeons and who wishes to become qualified and to be registered as a Medical Practitioner in this island, may become so qualified and be so registered on passing a satisfactory examination in medicine and surgery. Such examination must be conducted by a Board of Examiners to be appointed by the Governor from the Medical Council, and “shall be practically as searching as the least searching finalexamination required to be passed in the United Kingdom prior to, and as a condition of, the obtaining of a qualification entitling the person examined to be registered in the United Kingdom." If a certificate of fitness is given by the Board of Examiners it inust be impressed with a stamp of eleven guineas by way of registration fee. A fee of three guineas is given to each member of the Board of Examiners and two guineas to the Secretary of the Medical Council who is ex officio Secretary to the Board of Examiners. A feo of one pound is to be paid to the Registrar General in every case of registration in ordinary cases. [See article on Registration Department, page 237, as to the regis- tration of Medical and Surgical Practitioners). MEDICAL COUNCIL, APPOINTED JANUARY, 1891. Hon. J.C. Phillippo, M.D., Edin., President. Hon. C. B. Mosse, C.B., M.R.C.S., Eng. I A. R. Saunders, M.B., London. Izett W. Anderson, M.D., Edin. I F.R.C.s., Eng. (exam.) J. Cargill, L.R.C.P., London. C. Gayleard, M.R.C.S., Eng., L.R.C.P., Edin., Secretary. HH 2 508 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. PART XVII. TRAVELLING IN JAMAICA. By way of introduction to the information about means of travelling in Jamaica it will be useful to give a brief outline of the main roads of the island. The main roads encircle the island with several connections from north to south. Commencing at Kingston and going easterly the main road passes through Yallahs, Morant Bay, Bath, Manchioneal, Port Antonio, Hope Bay and Buff Bay to Annotto Bay, where the main road, called the Annotto Bay Junction Road, connects the northside with Kingston. From Annotto Bay the road passes through Port Maria to White River and Ocho Rios, where the great road from Spanish Town through Linstead and Moneague again connects the north and south sides of the island. From Ocho Rios the road skirts the sea, passing through St. Ann's Bay, Dry Harbour, Rio Bueno and Duncans to Falmouth. From Moneague the Great Interior Road commences and passing through Claremont. Brown's Town and Stewart Town terminates at Falmouth, There is also a branch road from St. Ann's Bay to connect with the Great Interior Road at Green Park. A main road also connects Brown's Town with Dry Harbour. Returning to Falmouth and starting westerly we reach Montego Bay, whence a branch line goes by Adelphi to the line of the parishes of St. James and Trelawny. From Montego Bay another road crosses the island running past Mont- pelier to the Great River at Shuttleworth, whence one branch passing by Chester Castle and New Market terminates at Black River on the southside, and another branch goes to Savanna-la-Mar. The coast road from Montego Bay extends to Lucea and Green Island. From Lucea the road crosses the island to Savanna-la-Mar and a branch con- nects with Green Island. From Savanna-la-Mar the road follows the coast to Black River and thence, striking inland, goes to Lacovia, whence they are two branch roads ; one passing over Bogue Hill and throngh Mile Gully unites at Williamsfield with the other passing over Spur Tree Hill and through Mandeville. The road then continues to Porus, Four Paths, May Pen, Old Harbour and Spanish Town, terminating at Kingston. There is a branch road from Old Harbour through Vere to the Alley and Milk River, meeting the main road just described at the Old Toll Gate in Clarendon. There is another from May Pen to Chapelton in Clarendon, thence a new road extends to Cave Valley on the borders of St. Ann; one from Spanish Town to Bamboo Market in St. John; another from Bog Walk through Pear Tree Grove to Port Maria ; one from Kingston to Gordon Town and thence a bridle road, in the main road schedule, to Newcastle, and branch road from Halfway-Tree to Hope Old Toll Gate and to King's House. There is also another bridle road in the main road schedule, extending from Hec. tor's River to Coxheath in the parish of Trelawny. I.-LIVERY STABLES. Livery Stables are kept in Kingston by the Jamaica Waggonette and Express Com- pany, by Mr. H. Bolton in Duke Street and in Barry Street, and by Mr. Fowler in TRAVELLING IN JAMAICA, 509 Tower Street. The general practice is for long distances, and where the hirer has the use of the buggy and horses for a period of twenty days, to charge at the rate of £1 a day. The hirer can arrange, before starting on his journey, either that the Livery Stable Keeper shall include the cost of feeding the driver and horses in the charge for hire, or that he himself shall pay them as he goes along. The rate paid for the driver's food is usually 1/6 a day, and the cost of feeding the horses varies according to the current price of corn and grass in the district visited.* THE JAMAICA WAGGONETTE AND EXPRESS COMPANY. The following are the advertised rates of the Jamaica Waggonette and Express Company, Kingston. The charges include all expenses :- Single Double Carriage. Buggy. | Buggy From Kingston to- £ s. d. £ s. d. Alley (Vere), remaining at destination one day . 3 10 0 4 0 0 Milk River 4 0 0 May Pen (Clarendon) Four Paths, remaining at destination one day Porus Mandeville Santa Cruz Black River Sav.-la-Mar Lucea Montego Bay Falmouth Dry Harbour 6 10 0 St. Ann's Bay Ocho Rios (via Hopewell) 4 10 0 Port Maria 4 100 Annotto Bay 3 0 0 Buff Bay (via Annotto Bay) Hope Bay Port Antonio Manchioneal (via Morant Bay) Bath Golden Grove 4 10 0 Port Morant 3 100 Ewarton Moneague Chapelton Brown's Town Chester Castle Old Harbour, returning next day Morant Bay Linstead Bog Walk, returning same day Yallahs Golden Spring Stony Hill Castleton Gardens Cherry Gardens Whitcombe, returning same day Nine Miles 0 16 0 Spanish Town, returning within 8 hours 0 16 0 Gordon Town Ewing's Caymanas Cumberland Pen Port Henderson Rock Fort, returning within 3 hours Up-Park Camp Hope Gardens Halfway-Tree 0 12 0 Constant Spring 0 8 0 0 12 0 0 16 Barbican, returning within 4 hours 0 12 0 0 14 0 2s. extra for each extra hour or part of hour. I If kept at destination beyond one day 168. extra per day or part of day. * The prices are approximately stated under the head of Lodging Houses page 522, TOTO VOU CO OT OTO-OOO 0000 111111111111111111111||||||||||||||||||400-9999 OOOOOOOOONNNN OG 0 16 510 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. 0067 000 000 00000OOOO 0 Dit · 0 0 3 The names of the Livery Stable Keepers in the other parishes of the island and the rates charged for hire of vehicles, in those cases in which the information has been supplied to the Compilers of the Handbook, are as follows:- ST. ANDREW. B. Bolton & Co., Gordon Town | Horse to Newcastle only 0 6 Double Buggy from Gordon Town Ditto to Newcastle and back 0 8 0 to Kingston and back £0 14 0 Ditto to Guava Ridge only 0 6 0 Double Buggy from Gordon Town Ditto to Guava Ridge and back 0 to Kingston only . 0 12 Ditto to Abbey Green only Single Buggy from Gordon Town Ditto to Cinchona only to Kingston and back 0 10 0 Grass, per bundle .. Single Buggy from Gordon Town Corn, per quart to Kingston only . 0 8 01 (To include good Stabling, &c.) Buggies travelling, 20/ per day; party hiring free from other expenses. Henry Duval, Gordon Town- Horse to Newcastle and back £0 8 0 Double Buggy, Gordon Town to Ditto to Guava Ridge. 0 6 0 Kingston £0 14 0 Ditto ditto and back 0 8 0 Double Buggy, Gordon Town to Abby Green only . 0 10 0 Kingston only 0 12 0 Cinchona only 0 10 0 Single Buggy, Gordon Town to Buggy travelling, 20s. per day; party Kingston and back. 0 10 0 hiring, free from other expenses. Single Buggy, Gordon Town to Corn, per quart Kingston only 0 8 0 | Grass, per bundle 0 0 3 Horse to Newcastle . 0 6 0 (To include good stable accommodation.) PORTLAND. The Boston Fruit Company and George Anderson, W. I. McConney, Port An- tonio, will supply buggies and horses at reasonable rates. SAINT MARY. F. N. Prendergast at Highgate, Port Maria P.O., supplies buggies and horses from Bog Walk to Port Maria and vice versa at £2 the journey for double or single buggy and pair—short journeys about 6d. per mile. St. Ann's Bay. Felix A. Morris To Brown's Town 0 0 Single Buggy to carry one to Ocho « Rio Bueno . 5 0 Rios £0 10 0 « Falmouth . 2 0 0 To Claremont . 0 16 0 « Duncans .. 1 10 0 " Moneague 1 0 0 " Port Maria 1 10 0 • Ewarton 1 5 0 Charges per day 20s., traveller feeding “ Dry Harbour 0 16 01 stock. Brown's Town. J. A. Thomson- For long distance 0 1 0 For two seated conveyance, per For four seated conveyance, per mile, short distance . £0 i 31 mile 0 1 4 Moneague. M. A. Llewellyn- Ewarton to Ocho Rios, for pas- Everton to Moneague, per seat £o 5 01 senger . 0 16 0 Brown's Town, for 1 for 2 passengers 1 100 passenger 1 10 0 for 3 « 1 10 0 for 2 passengers 2 0 0 Falmouth, for 1 pas- for 3 2 0 senger . 2 10 0 St. Ann's Bay, for for two or more pas- 1 passenger 1 0 0 sengers. 4 0 0 for 2 passengers 1 10 0 Travelling per day for not less than 4 for 3 1 14 0 days, 206. TRAVELLING IN JAMAICA. 511 6 << Moneague-contd. A. N. Sutherland- | Ewarton to Falmouth, for 1 pas- Earton to Moneague, per seat £0 5 0 senger 3 0 0 Brown's Town, for for 2 passengers, tra 1 passenger 1160 veller feeding 4 0 0 for 3 passengers, tra- Brown's Town, for veller feeding 4 10 0 2 passengers 2 0 0! In all cases special arrangements can for 3 " 2 10 O be made greatly to the advantage of St. Ann's Bay, for travellers. 1 passenger” i 100 Lofthouse, Moneague- St. Ann's Bay, for 2 Single Seat in Omnibus from Ewarton passengers £200 to Moneague, 5s. for 3 Private for one 6 2 0 0 . £0 100 Ewarton to Brown's Town 1 il 0 Ocho Rios, for 1 pas- St. Ann's Bay 1 0 0 senger . 0 15 0 Ocho Rios . 16 0 for 2 passengers 1 4 0 Travelling per day for not 1 10 0! less than 4 days . 100 Claremont. George Helwig- Double Seated Buggy from Clare- From Claremont to St. Ann's mont to Ewarton (one passen- Bay 1 passenger 0 100 ger) 10 01 0 10 . From Claremont to Brown's 2 " 0 12 6 Town, 1 passenger 0 15 0 From Claremont to Falmouth 1 10 0 1 4 01 2 passengers 2 10 0 Ocho Rios. Alfred Mesquitta- Double conveyance per day 1 0 0 for 3 50 TRELAWNY.-Falmouth. S. Delisser- Falmouth to Kingston " " Spanish Town « « Ewarton Falmouth to St. Ann's Bay 66 " Duncans 6 Montego Bay R. Lindo- Falmcuth to Kingston « Spanish Town < Ewarton £4 15 4 0 3 0 1 16 0 10 1 0 i Eubert Lopez- 0 Falmouth to Kingston 0 " Spanish Town º Ewarton " St. Ann's Bay u Duncans 0 " " Montego Bay POCO A LA 4 15 4 2 3 2 1 16 0 10 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 16 0 £5 0 4 10 01 3 0 0 • St. Ann's Bay 6 Duncans " Montego Bay © " 0 10 1 2 4 0 E. Ferraira- Duncans to Kingston « Spanish Town Ewarton 66 St. Ann's Bay 16 Falmouth 6 " Montego Bay Duncans. Wm. Johnson 4 5 0 Duncans to Kingston 3 12 0 « Spanish Town 3 2 • Ewarton 1 6 “ St. Ann's Bay 0 10 0 “ Falmouth 1 12 0 " " Montego Bay 3 2 1 0 0 10 1 12 0 0 0 0 514 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. | EWARTON LINE. 1st Train 2nd Train 3rd Train Passenger. | Passenger. Passenger. Distance from Kingston. DOWN. Departure. Departure. Departure. Miles. 8.17 2.42 5.01 8.39 3.05 5.26 5.37 8.49 9.03 3.15 3.29 5.52 Spanish Town Bog Walk Linstead Ewarton (arrives at) Up. Everton Linstead Bog Walk Spanish Town (arrives at) 9.24 3.49 9.39 4.05 7.00 7.16 7.28 7.51 9.51 4.18 10.11 4.41 PASSENGERS FROM KINGSTON TO MONTEGO BAY LINE. Trains leaving Kingston at 7.45 a.m. and at 2.10 p.m. go through to Balaclava. The train leaving Kingston at 4.27 p.m. does not go further than Porus. PASSENGERS FROM KINGSTON TO EWARTON. Trains leaving Kingston at 7.45 a.m., 2.10 p.m., and 4.27 p.m. go through to Ewarton. PASSENGERS FROM EWARTON TO KINGSTON. Trains leaving Ewarton at 7.00 a.m., 9.24 a.m., and 3.49 p.m. go through to Kingston, PASSENGERS FROM MONTEGO BAY LINE TO EWARTON. The train leaving Porus at 6.13 a.m. arrives at Spanish Town at 7.57 a.m. Pas- sengers for Ewarton Line must re-book by train leaving Spanish Town at 8.17 a.m. The train leaving Balaclava at 6.45 a.m. arrives at Spanish Town at 10.14 a.m. does not connect with train for Ewarton Line. Passengers for Ewarton must re- book by train leaving Spanish Town at 2.42 p.m. Train leaving Balaclava at 1.15 p.m. arrives at Spanish Town at 4.43 p.m. Pas. sengers for Ewarton Line must re-book by train leaving Spanish Town at 5.01 p.m. PASSENGERS FROM EWARTON TO MONTEGO BAY LINE. Train leaving Ewarton at 7.00 a.m. arrives at Spanish Town at 7.51 a.m. Pas- sengers for Montego Bay Line must re-book by train leaving Spanish Town at 8.16 a.m. Train leaving Ewarton at 9.24 a.m. arrives at Spanish Town at 10.11 a.m. does not connect with train for Montego Bay Line. Passengers must re-book by train leaving Spanish Town at 2.41 p.m. Train leaving Ewarton at 3.49 p.m. arrives at Spanish Town at 4.41 p.m. Pas- songers for Montego Bay Line as far as Porus must re-book by train leaving Spa- nish Town at 5.00 p.m. TRAÏELLING IN JAMAICA. 615 IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII Linstead. 1. I od Innnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn011111! Bog Walk. Irrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrr... End of Track. Balaclava. IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII Greenvale. Kendal. Irrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrr r rrrrr ITTITTLIIMTITITI Williamsfield. II!! Porus. ITUTIIMIIIIIIIIIIIT S I LIN Clarendon Park. Till TTTTTTTTTTTTinata FARES. Four Paths. 10d.) 6d. TLLLLLL001111 May Pen. Milline PASSENGER TRAFFIC. Old Harbour. Bushy Park. TTTTTTT1 I *To S 3/6 Hartlands. 76 6/8 16 2013 E , 11111 Spanish Town. . 111 | Grange Lane. Gregory Park. , SACCHI c ry Park, P9 6/1 *P6 2/3 1/3 * TR 516 10/6 Det Kingston. 20 contact me Class. 3rd 3rd 1st 3rd 1st 3rd 1st 3rd 1st 3rd 1st 3rd lst 3rd 3rd 1st 3rd Ist 3rd 1st 3rd Ist 3rd 1st 3rd Ist 3rd 1st 3rd 1st 3rd 1st 3rd ! Stations, Gregory Park Grange Lane. h Town . Hartlands. Bushy Park. Old Harbour. May Pep Four Paths. Clarendon Pk. Williamsfield. Kendal Porus Green vale Balaclava End of Track. Bog Walk Linstead Ewarton Children under three years of age, FREE-over three and under twelve half the or. dinary fares. The following regulations have been issued for parcels by passenger trains:- 1st. Parcels. To ensure their being forwarded must be delivered at the station 15 minutes before the departure of the train by which they are required to be sent ; if when later they are not sent on, the Company will not hold itself responsible for any irregularities or loss occasioned by hasty despatch, nor does it undertake to forward them unless received within that time." 2nd. Packed Parcels.—Parcels tied together, packed in a hamper, in sacks or other- wise packed, will be charged double the ordinary parcel rates. TRAVELLING IN JAMAICA. 517 6 £ 8. d. ET E c wito dooooooo The consignment of the filled cans must be distinctly marked with the address of the consignee (it is recommended that the tablets or addressed labels be composedof wood or metal), and to ensure the return of empty cans they must be stamped or branded with the name of the station from which they are forwarded full. The Company will not be responsible for any detention arising from accidental delay to their trains. SEASON TICKET RATES. Distance in First Class. Third Class. Miles not 6 exceeding. | Month. | Months. | Months. | Month. | Months. | Months. £ 8. d £ 8. d. £ 8. d. £ 8. d. 1 10 0 3 0 0 5 0 1 0 0 0 0 2 10 0 5 5 0 10 0 0 1 10 0 3 0 0 4 10 0 9 0 0 | 12 10 0 2 10 0 5 0 0 6 0 0 11 10 0 | 13 10 0 4 0 0 1 7 0 0 - 7 0 0 12 10 0 15 10 0 5 0 0 8 0 0 8 0 0 13 10 0 16 10 01 6 0 0 9 0 0 13 0 0 9 0 0 14 10 0 17 10 0 7 0 0 10 0 0 1 14 0 0 SEASON TICKETS-TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF ISSUE. 1st. Season tickets entitle the holders for the period named therein to travel subject to the regulations of this Company between the stations, and in the class of carriage for which the tickets are issued by any of the ordinary passenger trains stopping at such stations. 2nd. Holders of season tickets desiring to travel in a superior class of carriage, or to pro- ceed to a station beyond that to which their ticket is available, may pay the dif. ference in fare before commencing the journey; otherwise the full fare from the sta. tion whence the train started will be charged on the termination thereof. 3rd. In the event of the loss of a season ticket the person to whom it was issued shall not be entitled to receive another in lieu thereof without duly paying for the same, nor to make any claim upon the Company to be repaid any portion of the original price of the ticket lost, nor of any fares paid by him in consequence of such loss. 4th. Season tickets are iss sued subject to ordinary contingencies and the holders are not entitled to any rebate of price or allowance of any kind in event of their being from illness or any other cause unable to use such tickets during any portion of the period for which they are issued. 5th. The holder of every season ticket is required to abide by and conform to the present and future by-laws of the Company, as well as all rules and regulations as re- gards improper use of tickets and all other matters. No season ticket to be trans. ed or parted with, and in the event of its being transferred or parted with, or used by any one other than the person to whom it was issued, or in the event of the holder not abiding by or conforming to the rules and regulations of the Com- pany, such ticket is thereupon to be null and void and all rights of the holder thereunder to cease and determine, and he must from such date pay the usual fare for travelling over the line as if such ticket had never been granted. 6th. The Company is to be at liberty to alter and vary the trains without liability to the holders of season tickets, nor is it to be held accountable for want of accommoda- tion in the trains, nor for any stoppage, hindrance or delay whether arising from negligence, accident or any other cause. 7th. Every season ticket is to be produced by the holder upon entering the carriages of the Company, or whenever required by any of the servants of the Company; should the ticket not be so produced the holder to pay the ordinary fare. 8th. Every season ticket to be delivered to the Manager or to the Collectors on the day of its expiry or on demand if the same should have become forfeited as above, or be required for the purposes of exchange, renewal or otherwise. 9th. It is understood that the contract for conveyance does not include luggage of any description for which the Company reserves the right to make an additional charge. JUVENILE PLEASURE PARTIES. Parties of scholars under 16 years of age numbering not less than fifty are con- veyed in third class carriages at the following fares :- Not exceeding 10 miles 6d. each. ferr 18. 3d. ir 2s.6d. " 518 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. The fares must be collected and paid in one sum by the master who takes charge and to whom a ticket is given stating the number of scholars and the amount paid and entitling the party to return free. A teacher in charge of every twenty-five pupils is carried free. IV.-MAIL COACHES. EWARTON AND MONTEG0 BAY. DOWN COACH. UP COACH Time of Time of Offices. Length of Stage. Offices. Length of Stage. Departure. Arrival. Arrival. Departure. a.m. &.m . 10.0 = Ewarton(Mon., Wed, Fri. Moneague Claremont St. Ann's Bay Laughlands Dry Harbour Rio Bueno Duncans 11.40 a.m . 5.0, EE 7 Jorone E a.m. a.m , mls. 9.30 Montego Bay (Mon., Wed. 11.15 11.20 Fri.) p.m. p.m. Little River 12.15 12.20 1.50 2.10 Falmouth 2.401 2.45 4.00 4.05 | Duncans 5.05 5.10 Rio Bueno 6.101 6.15 Dry Harbour a.m. Laughlands 7.30 19.0 St. Ann's Bay a.m. 10.35 10.40 Claremont 12.15 Moneague Ewarton (Tu., Th., Sat.). 11.35 p.m. 1.15 a.m. 6.25 7.25 8.30 9.50 10.25 Falmouth 6.30. 7 30. 8.35. 9.55. 10.30. p.m. 12.20. 1.20 :02. 10 Little River Montego Bay (Tu, Th, 11 Sat.) 12.15 1.15 3.0 85 85 A Coach also runs between Montego Bay and Falmouth in connection with the Tri-Weekly Post as under :- Leave. Arrive. Falmouth-Mon., Wed., Fri., 6 a.m. | Montego Bay-Mon., Wed., Fri. 9.15 a.m. Montego Bay—“' “ 3 p.m. Falmouth This Coach from Montego Bay connects with the regular Coach which leaves Falmouth (as above) at 5 a.m. on Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday. MONTEGO BAY AND LUCEA. DOWN COACH. UP COACH. Time of Time of Offices. Length of Stage. Offices, Departure. Arrival. Length of Stage. Arrival. Departure. a.m . 1 &.m . 10.30 p.m . Montego Bay Flint River Lucea 9.30 Lucea 14 | 11.45 11.50 Flint River Montego Bay *1.30 11 12.10 2.30 12.16. p.m p.m. . | 25 | 25 TRAVELLING IN JAMAICA, 519 The Coach leaves Montego Bay and Lucea, respectively, every alternate Monday, Wed. nesday and Friday. WILLIAMSFIELD AND SAVANNA-LA-MAR. DOWN COACH. UP COACH. Offices. Length of Stage. Time of Arrival. Time of Departure. Offices. Length of Stage. Time of Arrival. Time of Departure. . 9.0 12.15 2.30 2..106.15 mls p.m. a.m mls. a.m. a.m. Williamsfield Railway Sta. 10.45 Savanna-la-Mar (Mon., tion (Mon., Wed., Fri.) p.m. Wed., Fri.) Mandeville 12.25 Bluefields 10.40 10.45 p.m. Spur Tree 2.5 2.10 Whitehouse 12.20 8.m . Santa Cruz 4.45 4.50 Black River 5.0 Lacovia 5.35 5.40 Middle Quarters Middle Quarters 6.10 6.15 Lacovia 6.15 6.50 a.m . Black River 7.25 9.0 Santa Cruz 7.30 7.35 Whitehouse 11.10 11.15 Spur Tree 11.15 11.20 p.m. (p.m. Bluefields 8 12.45 12.50 Mandeville 12.30 12.40 Savanna-la-Mar (Tu., Th., 10 2.30 Williamsfield Railway Sta- 5 1.40 Sat.) tion (Tu., Th., Sat.) 76 | 76 KINGSTON AND PORT ANTONIO (VIA BATH). io 6.0 6.5 2 mls. p.m. p.m. mls. p.m. p.m: Kingston (Tu., Th., Sat.) 14.0 Port Antonio(Mon., Wed., . 4.0 Bull Bay Fri.) Yallahs 9 7.53 7.58 Priestman's River 12 6.15 6.20 Morant Bay 12 10.22 10.27 Manchioneal 9 8.20 8.30 Port Morant | 7 | 11.51 11.56 / Plantain Garden River. | 10 | 10.54 | 11.4 12.28 12.33 Bath 1.20 1.25 a.m . Plantain Garden River . 2.49 2.59 Port Morant 1.57 2.2 Manchioneal | 10 5.23 5.33 Morant Bay 3.26 3.31 Priestman's River . 7.33 7.38 Yallahs 5.55 6.0 Port Antonio (Wed., Fri., | 12 9.53 Bull Bay 7.48 7.53 Sun.) Kingston (Tu., Th., Sat.) 9.53 a.m. I a.m. Bath A.m . 9 KINGSTON AND ANNOTTO BAY. p.m. 1 p.m . a.m . . 8.m 3.0 4.301 7.18 mls. Kingston (Tu., Th., Sat.) Halfway-Tree Stony Hill Annotto Bay(Tu, Th.,Sat.) 21 Annotto Bay (Tu. Th.Sat.) 4.35 Stony Hill 6.29 Halfway-Tree Kingston (Tu., Th., Sat.) 7.13 8.30 6.24 8.35 9.5 520 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. The following Table gives the rates of passengers' fares between the several Stations :- EWARTON AND MONTEG0 BAY. Το ar. From Ewarton. Mon: eague, Clare- mont. St. Ann's Bueno. Rio | Duncans. Duncang. mouth. Everton o . _ é . . 22/6 Moneague Claremont St. Ann's Bay Laughlands Dry Harbour Rio Bueno Duncans Falmouth Little River Montego Bay E z o. o 22/6 17/6 | 15) 27/6 | 22/6) 201 201 | 151 | 81 MONTEGO BAY AND LUCEA. То то To From Montego Bay. Flint River. Lucea. Montego Bay Flint River Lucea WILLIAMSFIELD AND SAVANNA-LA-MAR. ers. From Williams- field. Spur Tree. Bluefields Savanna- la-Mar. of Williamsfield Railway Station Mandeville n 27/6 ser Se e . o Spur Tree Santa Cruz Lacovia Middle Quarters Black River Kings Bluefields Savanna-la-Mar 22/6 201 a . 27/6 | 22/6 | 20 TRAVELLING IN JAMAICA. 521 KINGSTON AND PORT ANTONIO, To From Kingston. Yallahs. Morant Bay. Morant. Port P.G.River. Manchio- I neal. Priest- man's River. | Port An. tonio. SEC Bor. SE OF 01. or Bull Bay. of zor gro58 Bath. 5 Zer of enero go Otor Oreo Oro ខ្ញុំ 35/ 201 157 157 Kingston Bull Bay: Yallahs Morant Bay Port Morant Bath Plantain Garden River. 251 Manchioneal 30/ 25/ 20) Priestman's River 30/ Port Antonio 401 | 35) | 301 | 25/ | 201 | 201 | 15 | Down passengers allowed half an hour at Morant Bay for refreshment. Passengers for Blue Mountain Valley or for Bath can engage double buggy to meet Coach, by letter or telegram to Anderson Marks, Morant Bay, or to Robert Jacobs, Bath. Return tickets available for four days to and from Kingston, as under : Port Antonio, 64/; Priestman's River, 56/ ; Manchioneal, 48/; Plantain Garden River, 40/; Port Morant, 32/; Morant Bay, 24%. KINGSTON AND ANNOTTO BAY. From To Golden Spring. | Annotto Bay. 15/ Kingston Golden Spring Annotto Bay 91 Return tickets available for four days to and from Kingston to Annotto Bay, 24/ The following regulations exist with regard to all the Mai) Coaches :-- Seats can be engaged at the General Post Office, Kingston, or at either of the Terminal Stations at any time on payment of the full amount of fare. At any in- termediate station the proper fare as per table of charges must (in the event of there being a vacant seat) be paid to the Local Postmaster at the time of starting. Each passenger is allowed to carry 20lbs. weight or 2,000 cubic inches in size, of personal luggage. Any excess must be paid for as freight, and such excess may not exceed 10lbs. in weight or 1,000 cubic inches in size. Parcels will be carried not exceeding 10lbs. in weight or 1,000 cubic inches in size, at the rate of threepence per lb., or per 100 cubic inches, or fractional part thereof, it being at the option of the Post Office to elect under which scale the parcel is to be paid for. A parcel may not exceed 2 feet in length, or 1 foot in width or depth, nor may it contain anything likely to damage other parcels. The charge on parcels must be paid in advance, in cash, at the respective Loca! Post Offices or at the General Post Office. V.-TRAM Cars. The Car Company afford the means of travelling in the parish of Kingston and as far as Constant Spring in St. Andrew. The Lines are from the Company's Office in Lower King Street through the Parade and along Orange Street to the Cross Roads and from thence to Halfway-Tree and Constant Spring; from the Parade, south of the Jubilee Market along the Spanish Town Road to the May Pen Cemetery; along Har- bour and East Streets and round the east of the Race Course to the Exhibition Buildings ; from the Railway through Harbour Street to Elletson Road (Rae Town); II LODGING HOUSES AND TAVERNS. 523 LODGING HOUSES, TAVERNS, INNS, &C., IN THE SEVERAL PARISHES, continued. Prices. Locality. Description of Establishment | Name of Proprietor or (whether Lodge ing House, Keeper. Tavern or Inn). Breakfast. Dinner. Lunch. Board and Lodging, per week. | Corn, per 1 quart. Grass, per bundle" | Pasturage, I per night. Bed. s. d. s. d. s. d. 20 20 20 101016 2 620 30 261630 co 919 CONN | 20 10 10 10 o eo co es coco 30-40 40 60 30-40 30 30-40 11111com Ille CO CO CO co 0010 111 como allo Co Co Co col Iwc . Do. eses coco 19 Neoco es como es esco wo es 10 20-301413 110 20 10 Do. PORTLAND Port Antonio - Lodging House - W.J. McConney Do. R. A. Brown Do. Mrs. Jones Buff Bay Miss M. Dunbar Do. Mrs. Giles Manchioneal Mrs. Hamilton ST. MARY Annotto Bay Emily Lyons Port Maria Tavern Joseph Parodie Annotto Bay 1 Danl. Campbell Port Maria Lodging House - Mrs. Rankin Do. J. T. Atkinson Sr. Axx- St. Ann's Bay Mary J. Watson Moneague Mary A. Hutchinson Moneague Hotel Hotel Moneague Hotels Co. Ocho Rios - Lodging House . Mrs. Mesquitta Brown's Town - Mrs. Delisser TRELAWNY Palmouth Tavern - Mrs. Robey Lodging House - Mrs. E. C. McDonald Do. Miss S. Gilbourne Do. Mrs. John DeSouza Do. - Mrs. Jacobs ST. JAMES- Montego Bay S. E. Payne Do. Mrs. Mowatt Do. . Mrs. Jervis Do. -John Reid Henry Downs HANOVER- Lucea Margaret Campbell Do. Mrs Vosper Do. Mrs. Brown WESTMORELAND Savanna-la-Mar- Great George Street . Miss A. Vaz Do. Charles Smith Do. Helen Shearer* Do. R. A. Distin ST. ELIZABETH Black River Mrs. E. R. Scott Mrs. Cath. Allen - Mr. Thomas Gooden . Mrs. Eustace Franklin - Santa Cruz Mrs. E. M. Strachan Malvern, Santa Cruz Mts. Private Lodgings Mrs. Lawrence* Santa Cruz - Lodging House - Mrs. M. Temple MANCHESTER- Newleigh - Private Lodgings Mrs. Halliday* Mandeville "Waverly Hotel C. M. Merritt Nashville Do. Renfrew Cottage - Private Lodgings Mrs. Mary Senior Do. Alexandria Cottage - - Mrs. A. A. Alexander* Do. Woodbine Cottage - Miss Roy Porus, Compass Hall Lodging House - Mrs. Mary McPherson Porus Mrs. Maria Eastwood Sr. CATHERINE- Spanish Town - Hotel Rio Cobre St. Catherine Hotels Co.- Do. - Lodging House - Miss Halstead Tavern Alvira Rose Do. Pablo Marrero Do. - Wm. Campbell Do. D. P. Mendes Old Harbour -Lodging House - Isaac Dolphy Linstead - Tavern C. Depass Barton - Lodging House Martin Bog Walk Tavern Mrs. Gibson wo 2 6 1 6 3 0 3 0 26 16 30 2 6 2 0 30 2 6 1 6 30 woo *** 30 30 Do. Do. Do. occo w 111 112 www COCOCC a Cocawcolllo lieco I was co co CO CO ano we | co! Il coco Icoco co colc POR WWW W 6 2 61 per day or 501 p per we 8 IS U16 co | 2016 3 60-80 40 Do. 3 0 2 6 46 0 26 16 3 1616 16 16 2016 3 CCOO 1909 consenso 1 26 30 26 16 30 1630 No sleeping accommodation. * No fixed charges. II 2 524 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. PART XVIII. MILITARY. STRENGTA of Military stationed in Jamaica during last ten years :- (1883.1884. 1885. 1886./1887. 1888. 1889. 1890.1891. 1892. soos Brigade Staff (Officers) Regimental Field Officers Regimental Captains Regimental Subalterns Regimental Staff Officers Royal Engineer Officers Army Service Corps (Officers) Medical Staff (Officers) Army Pay Department (Officers) Ordnance Store Department Officers Warrant Officers Staff Sergeants and Sergeants Trumpeters and Drummers Rank and File ESAN NOW NOW ܟܢܘ ܕܘܣ $ ܟܬ ܝܙ ܟ ܗܟܬ ܝܙ ܘ;S OIC sw veo Ei NORA - Boom NOWOICH www zor - NO 1904 BOTH No por 105 19 20 984 789 749 657 868 1,1 859 955 1249 1441 Total 924 | 865 | 768 | 1,014 1,133 1,276 1,017 1,120/1434 1638 The cost of the Military Establishment in Jamaica for the year 1891.92 to the Im- perial Military expenses was £109,966. STAFF. Major-General Wilsone Black C.B., Commanding Troops. Lt. Col. H. Cooper, Deputy Assistant Adjutant General, Chief Staff Officer. Captain F. W. B. Landon, Deputy Assistant Adjutant General. Lieut. J. Lees, Garrison Adjutant. ROYAL ARTILLERY. District Establishment, R.A. Major G. F.A. Norton, Commanding Royal Artillery Lieut. H. C. Marshall, 2nd Class Assistant Inspector of Warlike Stores Lieut. W. B. Sudds, Inspector of Ordnance Machinery. 10th Company Western Division, R.A. Captain A. Capel-Cure 2nd Lt. H. M. Drake Lieut. F. C. Fowler 2nd Lieut. C. F. G. Low. Jamaica Company, R.A. Lieut. St. Leger Montgomery Moore. ROYAL ENGINEERS. Major F. P. Washington, Com- Major M. Martin manding Royal Engineers Captain T. A. Cregan. West India Sub-marine Mining Company, R.E. Captain G. L. Fanshawe, Com- Lieut. C. Coffin manding Lt. & Quartermaster W. Goulding. West India Fortress Company, R.E., (Jamaica Section). Captain L. B. Friend, Commanding Company Lieut. F. W. B. Gubbins. Civil Staff, R.E. Asst. Surveyor P. Durlacher: Asst. Surveyor G. Gates-Warren, 2ND. BATTALION DUKE OF WELLINGTON'S REGIMENT. Major C. W, Gore Lieut. E. M. K. Parsons Capt. H. C. Suft Lieut. N. G. H. Turner Capt. W. M. Watson Lieut. A. F. Wallis Capt. H. W. W. Wood Lieut. N. W. Fraser. Lieut, H. W. Beecher 528 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. Urgent--11, Depôt Ship. Jamaica. 2801 Tons. Captain . T. S. Jackson 20th September, 1892 (Commodore of the 2nd Class.) Secretary F. J. Krabbe 20th September, 1892 Commander H. R. Evans 24th October, 1692 Lieutenant Edward C. St. J. B. Neale . 25th November, 1891 Staff Commander Richard G. Roe 30th July, 1891 Chaplain Rev. Chas. E. Panter, M A. . 29th April, 1891 (And for Service at Jamaica Hospital.) Surgeon Edward H. McSherry, M.D. . 1st August, 1891 Asst. Paym. in charge Edward H. Innes 31st October, 1891 Gunner Stephen Quint 8th July, 1891 Boatswain Frederick H. Davis 11th June, 1892 James Smith 4th April, 1892 Officers borne additional for Jamaica Yard. Engineer Alfred W. Gibbs 20th January, 1891 Boatswain . J. Freathy Ist August, 1892 Carpenter J. R. May 6th October, 1890 Recommissioned at Jamaica, 21st July, 1877. New Books opened, 1st July, 1890. Pelican-8, Screw Sloop. 1130 Tons. 106C H. P. Commander Daniel McN. Riddel 19th November, 1889 Lieutenant (N) Rupert G. H. Blomfield. 19th November, 1889 Hugh T. Hibbert 19th November, 1889 Aylmer C. L. Cameron 19th November, 1889 Staff Surgeon Francis A. Jeans 19th November, 1889 Paymaster Frederic H. M. Whitfeld .. 19th November, 1889 Chief Engineer Wm. H. Grant 21st January, 1889 Gunner Wm. S. May 7th February, 1889 Boatswain Jno. H. Betts (act.) 19th February, 1891 (In lieu of a Sub-Lieutenant). Carpenter Michael Dunning 9th May, 1888 (Commissioned at Davonport 19th November, 1889). Tartar-6, Twin-Screw Cruiser, 3rd Class. 1770 Tons. 3500 H. P. Commander Henry L. Fleet . 30th June, 1891 Lieutenant Edmund M. C. Key 30th June, 1891 (N) Edward H. Moubray , 7th June, 1891 Frederick C. U. V. Wentworth 30th June, 1891 Paymaster Richard P. Hawkshaw 30th June, 1891 Chief Engineer Henry S. Rashbrook 20th March, 1891 Surgeon Hamilton Meikle 30th June, 1891 (In lieu of a Staff-Surgeon.) Assist. Eng. Lindsay J. Stephens 30th June, 1891 George H. Fryer 8th March, 1891 Gunner (T) Wm. J. C. Hooper 9th Jan, 1892 Boatswain Alexander H. Thomson . 30th June, 1891 Commissioned at Sheerness, 30th June, 1891. Emerald-12, Screw Cruiser, 3rd Class. 2120 Tons. 2170 H. P. Captain . Sir Baldwin W. Walker, Bart 1st March, 1889 (Commodore 2nd Class during Newfoundland fishing season, from May to October.) Secretary George Grant Ist March, 1889 Lieutenant Walter V. Anson 1st March, 1889 (N) Frederick A. Warden . 19th April, 1890 Stewart C. Weigall 24th August, 1888 Geo. C. Cayley 16th March, 1892 Frederick Ġ, Loring 25th September, 1891 Lieutenant Mar. Richd. L. Bayliff 16th September, 1890 Chap. and Nav. Instr. . Rev. Frederick A. Sims, B.A. 1st March, 1889 Staff Surgeon George R. D. Charlton 1st March, 1889 Paymaster Charles Vawdrey 1st March, 1889 Chief Engineer Richard T. Serle 2nd April, 1889 Sub-Lieutenant Wm. H. Cantell 23rd December, 1891 Engineer Charles Laughton 1st March, 1889 Gunner Frederick J. Russell 17th May, 1889 Boatswain Joseph Puckey 1st March, 1889 Carpenter Midshipman George B. W. Young 14th September, 1889 John. A. Webster 17th December, 1890 VOLUNTEER MILITIA 631 VOLUNTEER MILITIA. The Force was formed in the latter part of the year 1885, and its strength (includ. ing Chaplains and Surgeons) on 31st December, 1892, was as follows:- | Non-Commis- Parish. Officers. sioned Officers and Total. Remarks. Men. 240 62 257 68 Kingston Trelawny St. Elizabeth St. Catherine St. Mary 67 There are also five Officers in the Reserve of Officers, two Officers unattached, and one Officer and fourteen Non- commissioned Officers and men borne on the Supernu- merary List not included in these figures. 32 36 433 465 OFFICERS. His Excellency Sir Henry A. Blake, K.C.M.G., Captain-General and Governor-in-Chief, Aide-de-Camp. Captain H. Hall. Honorary Militia Aides-de-Camp. Captain L. C. Shirley, Trelawny Mounted Infantry. Captain A. H. Pinnock, Kingston Infantry Adjutant of the Kingston Corps. Lieut. E. G. C. Kennedy. The West India Regiment. KINGSTON CORPS. Infantry. Major Commanding-J. C. Macglashan. Assistant Adjutant for Musketry-Captain A. H. Pinnock. Paymaster and Quartermaster--J. E. Lyons (Hon. Captain). Captain-A. H. Pinnock, Lieutenant-c. McD. Ogilvie. Captain-L. G. Gruchy. 2nd Lieutenant-H, M. Burke. Captain-F. 0. Abraham. 2nd Lieutenant-C. A. Ward. Captain T. L. Roxburgh. 2nd Lieutenant-J. B. B. Chadwick. (Attached). 2nd Lieutenant-W. Mackinnon. Lieutenant-G. J. Neish. 2nd Lieutenant-E. E, Burke (Supernumerary.) Garrison Artillery. Capt. Comdg.-J. B. Lucie Smith. 1 Lieutenant-F. G. M. Lynch. 2nd Lieutenant-Ġ. A. Douglas. Chaplain-Rev. J. B. Ellis, M.A. I Surgeon-J. Ogilvie, F.R.C.S., Edin. TRELAWNY CORPS. Mounted Infantry. Captain-L. C. Shirley 1 Lieutenant-H. J. Kerr. Infantry. Capt. Commanding-J.R.T. Main. 1 2nd Lieutenant-R. H. Lindo. 2nd Lieutenant-T. Depass. Surgeon-J. L. Cox, ST. ELIZABETH CORPS. Infantry. Capt. Comdg.-F. B. Bowen. " 2nd Lieutenant-T. P. Leyden. Surgeon-J. A. L. Calder, M.B. ST. CATHERINE CORPS. Garrison Artillery. Captain Commanding-D. H. 1 Lieutenant-W. D. Byles. Mendez. 1 Chaplain-Rev. E. J. Wortley. Surgeon--L, D. H. Russell. ST. MARY CORPS. Infantry.. Captain-J. Pringle, M.B. Chaplain-Rey. J. H. Graham. Lieutenant-A. D'C. Levy. Surgeon-L, E. Delmege. RESERVE OF OFFICERS. The Hon. Lieutenant-Colonel C. J. Ward, c.m.g. late Kingston Corps Captain George Ffrench, late Portland Infantry. Captain S. P. Smeeton, late Kingston Garrison Artillery, Captain T. Gayleard, late St. Catherine Artillery. UNATTACHED. Surgeon V. ff. Mullen. 1 Lieutenant W. H. Plant. PATENTS. 533 This passport is granted with the qualification that the bearer shall not, when with. in the limit of the Foreign State of which he was a subject previously to obtaining his colonial certificate of naturalization, be entitled to British protection unless he has ceased to be a subject of that State in pursuance of the laws thereof or in pursuance of a Treaty to that effect. (Signed) C. D. Governor (Lieutenant-Governor, or Officer Administering the Government) of the Colony, Island or Province of Passports are also issued by the Foreign Office in London on the recommen- dation of the Secretary of State for the Colonies ; but foreigners naturalized in any of Her Majesty's Colonies cannot obtain in England British passports for foreign travel unless they furnish some official evidence of their identity and description from the Colony in which they have been naturalized. Any person naturalized in Jamaica intending to travel in Europe should, there. fore, before leaving the Colony, obtain a certificate of naturalization and iden- tity, for which purpose application may be made to the Colonial Secretary, If an alien naturalized in a Colony, and not possessing a passport, finds him- self in need of one when in a foreign country a British Minister or Consul will be empowered, on such evidence as he may deem sufficient, to grant him a provisional passport, limited in duration, in order to meet the immediate requirements of his case, and to enable him to return to his Colony or to the United Kingdom, and so establish his identity beyond question, and obtain a permanent passport. Passports for foreign travel are issued by the Governor also to born Bri. tish Subjects on application. LETTERS PATENT FOR INVENTIONS. THE legal formalities in the matter of the application for and obtaining Letters Patent for Inventions are enacted in the Act 21 Vic., cap. 30, “ The Patent Law Amendment Act, 1857," as amended by Law 15 of 1891. It is proposed to give be- low a brief outline, in general terms, of the course to be pursued in applying for Letters Patent :-. The person desiring that Letters Patent for an invention should be granted to him should first forward to the Governor his formal petition in the form annexed to 21 Vic., cap. 39, accompanied by a declaration that he is the true inventor or discoverer of the thing for which he desires the Letters Patent, together with a description or spe- cification, with drawings where necessary, shewing in clear and exact terms the na- ture of the invention. He should then publish for at least four weeks in the Jamaica Gazette and in one local newspaper a notice of his having made such application, stating in general terms the nature of the invention in respect of which Letters Patent are sought. Copies of the Gazette and Newspaper containing this notice ghould be lodged in the office of the Colonial Secretary. The Governor will then give his order for the reference of these papers to the At- torney-General for examination, and if the Attorney-General is satisfied that the ap- plication for the Letters Patent may properly be granted he returns the papers to the Governor with a certificate to this effect; and if he sees reason for disallowing the application he gives a certificate embodying his reasons for this conclusion. The applicant for Letters Patent is required to send up with his petition the sum of £3, which is sent to the Attorney-General as his fee when the papers are referred to him by the Governor. Letters Patent are subject to stamp duties to the amount of £2 10s. and 5s. on a Power of Attorney, if necessary Letters Patent have effect for a period of 14 years from the time of being granted which may be extended by the Governor for a further term of seven years, LAND SURVEYORS. 537 LAND SURVEYORS. THE Acts 24 Vic., cap. 4 and 25 Vic., cap. 27, relating to Surveyors of Land, were repealed by Law 33 of 1869, which is the enactment now in force. A person is entitled to receive a Commission as a Land Surveyor under this Law who, having served an apprenticeship of five years to a legally Commissioned Land Surveyor, or having practised the profession of Land Surveyor in Great Britain or Ireland for five years, or being legally qualified in a British colony, shall pass a satis- factory examination before the Inspector of Schools, the Government Land Surveyor and a Commissioned Land Surveyor appointed by the Supreme Court. This examination embraces the following subjects : Arithmetic, algebra as far as simple equations, plain geometry, plain trigonometry, topographical drawing, tha practical use of the principal instruments employed in surveying and their adjustments, and the theory and practice of land and railway surveying. Unqualified persons acting as Surveyors of Land are liable for each offence to a penalty of not less than £10 and not more than £50 ; but an apprentice, after having served two years of apprenticeship, may perform the duties and office of a Land Sur- veyor for his employer with that individual's sanction and under his guidance and responsibility. He cannot, however, sign his employer's name to any plat or survey. Commissioned Land Surveyors are, under this Law, prohibited from having more than two indentured apprentices at the same time, and from taking any apprentice under the age of 16. Articles of apprenticeship are required to be impressed with a stamp of £30, and the commission of a Land Surveyor, who has served under stamped articles of ap- prenticeship, is liable to a stamp of £30. Commissions to Surveyors in other cases are required to be impressed with a stamp of £60. A Surveyor who intentionally, or through negligence, carelessness, or culpable ignorance, makes or delivers an incorrect plau is liable to lose his commission, or be suspended, or to incur a penalty not exceeding £20, and to be required to repay the fees received for the making of such plan; and persons employed to assist Surveyors in making a survey who make wrong measurements or do any act with the intention of falsifying a survey are liable to a penalty not exceeding £20 or to be imprisoned with hard labour for three months. The following table shows the fees which Surveyors of Land are entitled to under Law 33 of 1869 :- Traversing road, per chain • £0 0 2 Traversing gullies, per chain . 0 0 4 Traversing river courses, per chain . Traversing or running lines, per chain Laying out a road per mile, inclusive of plan Attending juries per day, for the purpose of pointing out proposed road Laying out railway, per mile Making levels for any purpose, per mile Laying out tramroad, per mile Laying out a single lot of foot land, including diagram, exclusive of stamp. 0 For every additional lot if the whole do not exceed ten lots For every additional lot beyond ten lots, the whole not exceeding twenty lots For every lot beyond twenty lots . Laying out lots not exceeding three acres each (not including diagram) for each lot Laying out lots exceeding three acres and not exceeding five acres Laying out lots exceeding five acres and not exceeding ten Laying out lots exceeding ten acres and not exceeding twenty Laying out lots exceeding twenty acres and not exceeding thirty For each diagram of the above, exclusive of stamps Laying out lots exceeding thirty acres each, and not exceeding one hundred acres, for each additional ten acres, in addition to the above charge of three pounds, the sum of For every diagram of the above, exclusive of stamp . 0 16 0 All surveys of above one hundred acres to be charged for by the lineal chain as above. Making search in the Island Record's Office per day, or portion of a day 1 0 0 Writing out original notice of survey, exclusive of stamp. Ō 2 6 Writing out each copy of notice, exclusive of cost of service i O 1 0 000 OOOOON 0060 50 WHO GOO000-000 OWN 0 · 0 12 KK 538 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. . 2 20 For every plan of any property over one hundred acres (the same having been previously surveyed), according to agreement not exceeding the rate of sixteen shillings for every hundred acres. For embellished plans, drawings, &c., to be charged as may be agreed on. Copies of old plans to be charged for as may be agreed on. General plans of any number of properties or districts as may be agreed on. Attending to survey land by appointment of employer, when such employer does not attend either personally or by an agent at the time and place appointed . £2 2 0 Attending by appointment of another Surveyor to run a line, when Sur. veyor does not attend or the running of such line shall be interrupted 2 2 0 Attending on behalf of a proprietor to protect boundaries when a survey is in course of being made of adjoining lands, per diem . SURVEYING FOR PLANTATION PURPOSES. For every sub-division on any property, pen, or estate of any description of cultivation, common, ruinate, or woodlands, where such sub-divisions qre fenced, or have known and visible boundaries, and when such survey is intended entirely for plantation purposes, and the said sub-divisions do not average more than two-and-a-half acres, for each sub-division . 040 For every sub-division as above when such sub-divisions exceed on an average two-and-a-half acres, but do not exceed five acres each 08 0 For every sub-division as above of not more than ten acres each 1 0 0 For every sub-division as above of not more than twenty acres each 1 15 0 For every sub-division of not more than thirty acres each 2 5 0 For every additional ten acres beyond thirty acres the Surveyor shall be entitled to receive and charge, in addition to the last preceding charge, for each sub-division 050 And when the lines of the property are run at the same time that the sub- divisions are made as above, it shall be lawful for the Surveyor to charge for running such lines, notwithstanding such lines may form a part of the boundary of such sub-divisions as above, and notwithstand- ing such sub-divisions may be contiguous to each other. The foregoing charges do not include the expense of chain bearers, or of la- bourers attending the Surveyor. The following is a list of the Land Surveyors in the island with their postal addresses : Thos. Harrison, Govt. Surveyor, Kingston | Walter Colin Liddell, Kingston John H. Dodd, Dist. Engineer, Kingston Charles Arbouin, Chapelton John T. Cunninghame, Savanna-la-Mar William Raglan Phillips, Bluefields Henry T. Rodgers, Kingston Thomas Gray, New Market James L. Tabois, Spanish Town Herbert Ernest Miles, New Port Chas, Malcolm MacLeod, King's William Sylvester Dunn, Ocho Rios Ambrose Hearne, Kingston Eustace Charles Dunbar, Old Harbour Hamilton Barber, Port Antonio Charles John Davis, Petersfield. Henry Jas. Rudolf, Port Maria Arthur Shamrock Byles, Brown's Town Alfred Morris Dixon, St. Ann's Bay Matthew Henry Spencer Josephs, Gordon Louis A. Morris, Falmouth Town. Larchin Facey, Kingston LABOR IN JAMAICA. The working hours in the neighbourhood of Kingston and Spanish Town are from 6 a.m. to 5 p.m., with one hour for breakfast, between 11 and 12 o'clock. On Satur- days from 6 a.m. to 11 a.m. In the country the hours vary considerably, but as a rule they are from 7 a m. to 4 p.m. with one hour for breakfast, and the people seldom turn out to work on Saturdays. The average rate of wages paid about Kingston and Spanish Town under ordinary circumstances is given below. DAY-WORK. Fitters (scarce, but not in much demand) . 58. to 6s. per day Masons and Bricklayers . 38. to 48. per day Carpenters and Joiners 28. 9d. to 4s. per day Painters , 28, 3d. to 38. per day Blacksmiths 28. 6d. to 4s. per day Laborers 18. 6d. to 28. per day Women . 9d. to 1s. per day Hire of mule and cart (or dray) with driver 4s. 6d. to 58. per day Ditto ditto, with two mules . 78. per day. CATTLE SLAUGHTERED. 539 TASK-WORK-LABOR ONLY. Ordinary Brickwork . 58. 3d. to 78. 9d. per cubic yard Rubble Walling in Mortar . . 58. to 7s. per cubic yard Dry Stone Walling . . . ls. to ls. 3d. per cubic yard Shingling : . 38. 6d. per square of 100 feet Painting, per coat . 1d. to 1 d. per sup. yard Whitewashing Walls, per coat Ad to fd. per sup. yard Cartage (hired) including all charges . ls. to ls. 6d. per ton per mile Cartage when done by owner of stock 60. to 9d. per ton per mile Mixing Cement concrete and putting in posi- tion . . . . 28. to 28. 6d. per cubic yard Cutting Cordwood 1s. 6d, to 2s. per cord Cutting Grass, per 100 bundles of 281bs each 28. 6d, to 38. Fencing Stake and Rail 38. 6d. to 5s, per chain Wire Fencing . . 2s.6d, to 4s. per chain Penguin Fencing 2s.6d, to 4s. per chain Digging Stumps, per 100 28. to 3s, Cleaning Ruinate Land . 108. to 20s, per acre Cleaning Commons and Grass Pieces . ls. 6d. to 18 per acre Excavating and throwing out earth 4d. to 9d. per cubic yard Ditto ditto and removing to a distance not exceeding 80 yards .. . 9d. to ls. 6d. per cubic yard Excavating Rock, including Blasting Material . 38. to 4s. per cubic yard Drilling, Blasting and Quarrying Rock . 2d. to 4d. per lineal foot Breaking Road Metal · Is. 3d. to Is. 9d. per cubic yard Making and Burning Bricks including cost of Wood .. 22s. 6d. to 30s. per 1000 Water tanks, constructed of stone and rendered on the inside with cement, cost from 14d to 3d. per gallon—including cost of labor and of all materials. Shoeing horses and mules 2s. to 2s. 6d. per month each, including shoes and nails. Day-labor rates are lower in the country districts, but after making allowance for shorter hours the rates remain practically the same for town and country. In some parts artizans are very scarce, and are getting scarcer every year, and inferior men have to be employed at town prices. On a rough average, labor costs from 50 to 100 per cent. more in Jamaica than in England. To mention one instance, good brickwork costs 81 per cubic yard in Jamaica and only 3/6 for similar work in England. Laborers make good navvies after a little practice, and the women work well by task. The Government so far have experienced no difficulty in getting all the labor re. quired for public works; but in some districts there is great scarcity of labor for sugar estates and for banana cultivation. Wages have an upward tendency, especially in the fruit-growing parishes. The foregoing prices are only approximate and do not refer to work on estates where the prices paid are somewhat lower. CATTLE SLAUGHTERED. Parish. 1886. 1887. 1888. 1889. 1890. 1891. 1892. 3,701 4,051 1,302 2 Kingston St. Catherine . St. Andrew . St. Thomas Portland St. Mary St. Ann Clarendon . Manchester St. Elizabeth. Westmoreland Hanover St. James Trelawny Total 3,483 1,196 528 445 633 807 1,196 45+ 876 942 1,068 474 712 555 3,732 1,358 581 407 702 752 1,479 623 1,043 1,333 1,323 566 803 640 1,263 885 434 796 991 1,336 608 981 1,057 1,079 570 3,336 1,127 990 430 736 892 1,152 460 823 956 870 502 575 540 3,467 1,141 970 403 748 950 1,205 392 853 818 853 402 586 589 4,354 1,155 635 407 736 945 1,095 351 798 783 746 408 589 463 495 753 864 1,151 343 759 79) 723 701 391 545 495 655 13,369 15,342 | 15,057 | 13,394 | 13,407 | 13,465 1 13,235 кк 2 PETROLEUM. 541 provided with floor and roof or ceiling ventilation, constructed in such manner as to prevent as far as possible the danger of fire being communicated to the contents of the store from without It is to be noted that the vapour of Petroleum mixed with air in certain propor- tions is an explosive mixture. Such a mixture may be occasioned in a hot store with a leaky cask in it, if efficient ventilation be not provided. Door-ways of Petroleum Stores must be made of not less than 3 feet 6 inches clear width, and the doors are to open outwards, so as to permit of the contents of the store being quickly removed if necessary. For the information of persons building Petroleum Stores, it may be stated that to comply with the conditions as to the storage of the oil, and at the same time to avoid waste of space, Petroleum Stores should be from 8 to 10 or from 16 to 20 feet in width. The following conditions with regard to the storage of Petroleum have been pub- lished for the information of persons having buildings licensed for that purpose under Section 6 of Law 23 of 1871. Petroleum, if in casks, shall be stored in tiers or rows; the tier or row next any wall shall be not more than one cask in depth and two casks in height, with a clear passage of at least four feet between it and the next tier or row, which, as well as all the other tiers or rows, may consist of two casks in depth and two casks in height, with a similar passage of at least four feet between every tier or row, and to every such passage between tiers or rows there shall be access by a passage of at least four feet. If the Petroleum be in cases, it shall be similarly stored in tiers or rows; the first tier or row next any wall shall be not more than two cases in depth and four cases in height, with a clear passage of at least three feet between it and the next tier or row, which as well as all the other tiers or rows, may consist of four cases in depth and four cases in height, with a similar passage of at least three feet between each tier or row; and to every such passage between tiers or rows there shall be access by a passage of at least three feet. No other goods of any kind shall be kept in any Petroleum store. 2nd-None but uninflammable goods shall be kept in the same store with the Petroleum. 3rd— Any Officer or Sub-officer of the Constabulary, or any Officer of Excise or Customs, shall, at all reasonable times, have access to the Petroleum Store, for the purpose of inspecting the store, or of testing the Petroleum whenever he may think it necessary to do so. 4th_Two locks shall be placed on the Petroleum Store; one a box lock and the other a padlock, the keys of which are to be kept in the possession of the proprietor, or, in his absence, by his head clerk or headman. Both these locks to be kept closed always at night, and one at least to be kept closed always in the day-time, except when Petroleum is in process of being received into, or removed out of the store. 5th-No Petroleum shall be received into, or removed from, any store except dur- ing daylight. 6th-No lighted candle, lamp or lantern, and no match, shall be at any time, by day or night, taken into the Petroleum Store, under any pretence or for any purpose whatever. 7th-No smoking shall, under any circumstances, be permitted in any Petroleum Store. In the event of Petroleum becoming ignited, it should be borne in mind that the application of water serves only to spread the fire more widely. The best plan is to throw earth or sand on the burning oil. Petroleum, for the purposes of the law, includes all Kerosene oil, Rock oil, Ran. goon oil, Burmah oil, and all products of any of them; and any oil made from Pe- troleum, coal, schist, shalt, peat or other bituminous substance, and all such lamp oil as give off an inflammable vapour at a temperature less than 95 degrees of Fahren- heit's Thermometer. The Justices of the Peace of the several parishes are authorized to grant licenses to sell Petroleum by retail, and to annex to such licenses any conditions as to the quantity of Petroleum which may be kept at any one time on any premises for retail 542 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. purposes. The following is a memorandum of the quantity of Petroleum thus allowed to be kept in the several parishes :- Parish. Quantity. Parish. Quantity. Gallons. Gallons. 40 St. Thomas St. Mary Hanover St. Andrew Trelawny St. Catherine Kingston St. Elizabeth Manchester . Clarendon St. Ann St. James Portland Westmorelandt 40 64(8 cases) 10 cases Any Petroleum kept in contravention of the law is liable to be forfeited, and, in addition, the occupier of the place in which the Petroleum is kept is liable to a po- nalty of £50 ; but this penalty is not leviable in respect to Petroleum not used for burning and kept in close bottles not containing more than eight ounces. BIRDS AND FISH PROTECTION. The indiscriminate destruction of fish in the rivers and streams of the island by the use of explosives and of poisonous and intoxicating herbs, (of which latter there is great variety in Jamaica, and which are easily accessible to any one who wishes to make use of them,) and the wholesale destruction of wild birds of all kinds in and out of season which prevailed, rendered a law for the protection of birds and fish absolutely necessary. Law 32 of 1885 was therefore passed by the Legislature. In this law certain birds which were being rapidly exterminated on account of the value of their plumage, as well as others that are especially useful to agriculture as insect destroyers, are now absolutely protected, while certain edible birds, fishes and creatures have now a close season provided, during which it is unlawful to kill them. The protected birds are divided into two classes : those named in the one class are protected all the year round and those named in the other class are protected during certain months only. The following are the birds specified in the 1st Schedule to Law 32 of 1885 which shall not be killed, wounded or taken at any time during the year; their eggs are also similarly protected: Jamaica Black Bird Warblers Canaries John Tewit Finches, save and except the Brown Anteater Finch or Jack Sparrow Troopial Humming Birds Banana Quit Green Tody or Robin Red Breast Blue Quit Swallows Orange Quit Swifts Mosquitto Hawks or Gie-me-me-Bit Solitaire Oldman or Rain Bird Nightingale Loggerhead Red Start Flycatcher Owls Flycatchers Woodpecker. The following are the birds specified in the 2nd Schedule to Law 32 of 1887 which may not be killed, wounded or taken during the close seasons set opposite their names; their eggs are similarly protected :- No quantity has been fixed by the Justices. No limit is placed on Retailers as to the quantity to be kept. NEWSPAPERS. 545 Manchester. Westmoreland and Hanover. The Court House, Sav.. la-Mar The Court House, Mandeville Bluefields Trinity Wigton Porus Top Hill Green Island Cottage. Speculation Lucea Petersfield Miles Town Sandy Bay. St. Elizabeth. St. James and Trelawny. The Court House, Montego Bay The Court House, Black River Falmouth Duncans Santa Cruz Siloah Montpelier Stewart Town Lacovia Newport Adelphi Deeside Malvern Portsea. Ulster Spring. The following Table shows the number of qualified electors in each electoral dis- trict of the island for the year 1892-93, compared with the population of each dis- trict according to the Census of 1891:- District. Population. | No. of Electors. Kingston 86,359 1,656 -4,369 St. Andrew 2,713 -4,369 St. Thomas 2.029 64,174 Portland St. Mary 1,892 97,012 St. Ann Trelawny 66,016 1,544 - 2,999 St. James 1,455 Hanover Westmoreland 85,538 2,319 -4,566 St. Elizabeth ". 62,256 2,488 Manchester 55,462 2,610 Clarendon 57,105 3,321 St. Catherine 65,509 3,953 2,531 – 3,921 2,658 -5,189 2,347 639,491 38,612 NEWSPAPERS, &c. Title of Paper. Name of Proprietor or When Issued. Where Issued. Editor. The Colonial Standard . George Levy Daily Kingston The Gleaner DeCordova & Co. Gall's News Letter James Gall The Jamaica Post J. W. Kerr & Co. The Evening Express W. B. Hannan Tri-Weekly Gleaner DeCordova & Co. Tri-Weekly The Budget C. L. Campbell The Falmouth Gazette J. W. Henry Semi-Weekly Falmouth The Nineteenth Century . D. A. Corinaldi Montego Bay The Jamaica Gazette Government Weekly Kingston The Police Gazette Government Jamaica Christian Chronicle W. B. Hannan The Jamaica Prices Current DeCordova & Co. : Fortnightly The Methodist Messenger . Rev. John Duff The Jamaica Churchman | A Committee Monthly The Presbyterian Rev. W. Y, Turner The Baptist Reporter Rev. W. M, Webb Stewart Town The Christian Helper Rev. G. E. Henderson, B.A. Brown's Town The Journal of Commerce . Charles E. D’Mercado . Kingston The Gospeler Rev. G, W. Downer The St. Michael's Magazine | Rev. R. G. Ambrose The Moravian Rev. Jonathan Reinke The Jamaica Congregational Rev. C. A. Wookey Magazine The Victoria Quarterly* .IJ. C. Ford . | Quarterly * A Journal published by the Victoria Institute, 546 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA, WEIGHTS AND MEASURES, 1. MEASURE OF LENGTH, This weight is used in almost all commer- 12 Inches = 1 Foot cial transactions and in the common deal. 3 Feet 1 Yard ings of life. Yards = 1 Rod or Pole The particular weights belonging to this 40 Poles 1 Furlong Division are as follow :- cwt. qr. lb. 8 Furlongs = 1 Mile 14 Pounds = 1 Stone = 0 0 14 co 1 Miles = 1 Degree of a Great Used 2 Stone = 1 Tod = 0 1 0 Circle of the Earth. 6. Tod = 1 Wey = 12 14 > in the An inch is the smallest lineal measure to 2 Weys = 1 Sack = Wool 3 1 01 which a name is given, but sub-divisions are 12 Sacks Trade, = 1 Last = 39 0 0 used for many purposes. Among mechanics DIVISION 11.-TROY WEIGHT. the inch is commonly divided into eighths. 24 Grains = 1 Pennyweight = 24gr. By the officers of the revenue and by scien. 20 Pennyweights = 1 Ounce tific persons it is divided into tenths, hun. = 480 - 12 Ounces =1 Pound =5760- dredths, &c. These are the denominations of Troy Particular Measures of Length. Weight when used for weighing gold, silver, A Nail = 24 Inches Used for and precious stones, except diamonds. But Quarter = 4 Nails (measuring Troy Weight is also used by Apothecaries in Yard = 4 Quarters cloth of all compounding medicines, and by them the Ell = 5 Quarters kinds. ounce is divided into 8 drams, and the dram Hand Hand - into 3 scruples, so that the scruple is equal to 4 Inches Used for height = 4 Inches of horses. 20 grains. ? Used in measur For scientific purposes the grain only is Fathom = 6 Feet ing depths. used; and sets of weights are constructed Used in Land Mes in decimal progression, from 100,000 grains Link = 7 In. 92 sure to facilitate com- downwards to 1.100th of a grain. Uputation of the con- hdths. The carat, used for weighing diamonds, is tent, 10 square chains Chain = 100 Links 3% grains. The term, however, when used to | being equal to an or 66 ft.) express the fineness of gold, has a relative acre. meaning only. Every mass of alloyed gold 2. MEASURE OF SURFACE. is supposed to be divided into 24 equal parts; 144 Sq. Inches = 1 Sq. Foot thus the standard for coin is 22 carat fine, 9 Sq. Feet = 1 Sq. Yard that is, it consists of 22 parts of pure gold 307 Sq. Yards = 1 Perch or Rod and 2 parts of alloy. 40 Perches = 1 Rood 4 Roods = 1 Acre 5. ANGULAR MEASURE. 640 Acres = 1 Sg. Mile. OR DIVISIONS OF THE CIRCLE. 60 Seconds = 1 Minute 3. MEASURE OF SOLIDITY AND CAPACITY. 60 Minutes =1 Degree DIVISION 1.-SOLIDITY. 30 Degrees =1 Sign 1728 Cubic Inches = 1 Cubic Foot. 90 Degrees =l Quadrant 27 Cubic Feet = 1 Cubic Yard 360 Degrees or 12 Signs = 1 Circumference. DIVISION II.-CAPACITY. 6. MEASURE OF TIME, 4 Gills = 1 Pint = 34fcub. ins. nearly 60 Seconds =1 Minute 2 Pints = 1 Quart = 694 60 Minutes =1 Hour 4 Qrts. = 1 Gallon = 2774 24 Hours = 1 Day 2 Galls.= 1 Peck = 554, 7 Days = 1 Week 8 Galls.= 1 Bushel = 22188 28 Days =1 Lunar Month 8 Bush.= 1 Quarter= 104 cub. ft. nearly 28, 29, 30, or 31 Days = 1 Calendar Month 4 Qrs. = 1 Load = 511 12 Calendar Months =1 Year The four last denominations are used for 365 Days =1 Common Year dry goods only. For liquids several denomi. 366 Days =1 Leap Year nations have been heretofore adopted, viz: In 400 years 97 are leap years and 303 com. For Beer, the Firkin of 9 Gallons, the Kilder. | mon. kin of 18, the Barrel of 36, the Hogshead of WEIGHT OF ENGLISH COINS. 54, and the Butt of 108 Galls. Flour is sold nominally by measure but actually by weight Gold. dwt. gr. reckoned at 7lbs. avoirdupois to a gallon. Sovereign .......... Half Sovereign........... 4. MEASURE OF WEIGHT. Double Sovereign ..................... 10 DIVISION I.-AVOIRDUPOIS WEIGHT. Silver. 271) Grains = 1 Drachm = 275 gr. Crown ..................................... 18 4 4-11 16 Drachms = 1 Ounce = 437 Half Crown .. 2 2-11 16 Ounces = 1 Pound (fb.) =7000* Florin 6 6-11 28 Pounds = 1 Quarter (gr.) Shilling ............** ng ........................... 15 3-11 4 Quarters = 1 Hundredweight (cwt.) Sixpence............................ 19 7-11 20 Cwt. =l Ton Fourpence .................... ...... 5 1.11 . 3 4 .. . .. . . ........... 5 oto 552 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. According to the Census of 1891 the population of Grand Turk comprised 272 whites, 686 coloured persons and 925 blacks ; and at Salt Cay there were 21 whites, 164 coloured and 300 blacks. In the Caicos Islands, comprising East Caicos (in which Cockburn Harbour is situate), Grand Caicos, North Caicos and Providence, there were 76 white persons, 516 coloured and 1,781 blacks “The people in the Caicos Islands," says Sir Henry Norman, “ are for the most part negroes. It is understood that they are principally the descendants of slaves brought over by loyalist refugees from Georgia after the declaration of their indepen. dence by the United States. These Loyalist settlers constructed substantial stone houses and made roads, traces of which still remain. They had horses and cattle and raised crops, but the settlers themselves have long since disappeared. It is be- lieved that some insects destroyed their crops and that this led to their departure. The blacks who remained lapsed in:osomething little short of savagery and the islands became overgrown with bush. It is only of late years that efforts have been made to improve the condition of these people and to encourage them to uudertake agri- cultural operations in a systematic manner. As yet not much progress has been made and education is lamentably backward, but attention having been once directed to these people it is to be hoped that continuous efforts will be made to raise them in the social scale and to put them in the way of adding to their material comforts." The sea surrounding these small Islands or Cays on the Caicos Group contains fields of sponge of different varieties. The “sponging” as it is called is carried on under the direction of a Greek who has an establishment on Fort Cay, North Caicos. The sponges when gathered by the different boats engaged in the pursuit are dried, assorted and baled on the Cay and soat to Grand Turk from whence they are shipped to New York. The business has proved a very profitable one and affords work to the natives at fair wages. Here also is the home of the conch from which is obtained the valuable pink pearl. Prices run high even in the local market for this gem and one successful find may raise the lucky “ Caiconian” to a boat of his own-the usual summit of his ambition. But of course firone “ find”hundreds of conchs have, in local parlance, to be “dove” for. The expenditure of labour is not however wasted, for the conch is a universal article of diet among them and when “curried” is not to be despised even by more educated palates. Of late, attention has been given to the cultivation of the Pita or Sisal Plant, and Companies for this purpose have been formed, which have plantations at West Caicos and Breezy Point. There are also private plantations at Grand Caicos and at North Caicos, aud in 1890 the first shipment of Sisal Hemp from the islands was made There are places of worship of the Church of England at Grand Turk, Salt Lay and Cuckburn Harbour ; Wesleyan Chapels at Grand Turk and Salt Cay, and Baptist Chapels at Grand Turk, Salt Cay, South, North and Grand Caicos and Providence, but there are regular ministers of each denomination stationed only at Grand Turk, There are several elementary schools and a public grant is made of £600 a year in support of the Government Schools. A Public Library is maintained at Grand Turk partly by Government help and is located in a building erected partly by public subscription in commemoration of Her Majesty's Jubilee. There is a Masonic Lodge in good standing, two Good Templars Loages in working order, which have proved of great benefit, and several Mutual Relief Societies, also doing good work. These institutions are signs that, though isolated, the people are not much behind those of more favoured places in their desire for mutual improvement and good. A weekly newspaper, the Royal Standard," has for many years been published in Grand Turk. There is no drinking water fit for human consumption in Turks Island except rain water, and arrangements are made by the Governinent and by private individuals for collecting and for storing it. There are seven public tanks at Grand Turk capable of containing 230,000 gallons one of which is built in the side of a hillock of rock from the top of which it derives its catch. There are also a few "springs" of water which are generally fresh enough for cattle and for washing purposes, but after a drought for any period the water gets too brackish for use. Fresh meat and vegetables are scarce, but the supply of fish of all sorts is plentiful APPENDIX. 553 except in rough weather. Poultry can generally be procured but of small size. The want of fresh provisions makes a residence to Europeans for any length of time very trying, but the islands are healthy. A hurricane passed over the islands on the 21st of August, 1891, but did little damage to property. Clyde's Steamers from New York touch at Grand Turk on their trips to and from San Domingo. Regular postal communication with Halifax and Jamaica is main- tained by means of a steamer of Messrs. Pickford and Black's line which is subsidized for the purpose and makes monthly trips, calling at Grand Turk each way. CIVIL ESTABLISHMENT. Commissioner, His Honour Henry Higgins, , Clerk in the Commissioner's Office(Executive £500. Dept.) and Clerk to the Legislative Board, The Judge of the Supreme Court, His Honour Edmund C. Harriott, £120. Edwin H. Johnson, £500. Boarding Officer and Locker at Grand Turk, Government Medical Officer, Dr. Thompson, E. R. Spencer, £30. £200 and private practice. Assistant Commissioner at Salt Cay, C. P. Assistant Commissioner, Grand Turk, Police Stamers, £200, and boat allowance, £10. Magistrate and Registrar of the Supreme Assistant Commissioner at Cockburn Har- Court, Alexis W. Harriott, £250. bour, L. S. Leslie, £250, and travelling Accountant and Clerk in Commissioner's allowance, £30. Office (Revenue Dept.), John C. Crisson, Boarding Officer, Cockburn Harbour, W. A. £225. Astwood, £120, and boat allowance, £10. LEGISLATIVE BOARD. His Honour Henry Higgins, President, His Honour Edwin H. Johnson. Hon. C. R. Hinson, Hon. A. W. Thompson. Hon. J. D, Murphy. Hon. T. L. Smith. Clerk-E. C. Harriott, Esq. FOREIGN CONSOLS. United States of America J. S. Hanse, J. D. Murphy, Vice and Deputy-Consul Sweden and Norway C. R. Hinson San Domingo C. R. Hinson Hayti J. W. Darrell Denmark . J. D. Murphy France W. S. Jones, Consular Agent Spain G. J. Gibbs. THE CAYMAN ISLANDS. THE Cayman Islands, forming part of the Colony of Jamaica and consisting of Grand Cayman, Little Cayman and Cayman Brac, are between the meridians of 79° 44' and 81° 26' W., and the parallels of 19° 44' and 190° 46'N. They were discovered by Columbus on his return voyage from Porto Bello to Hispaniola (now Hayti) and were named by him Las Tortugas, an account of the turtle with which the coast swarmed. The present name is supposed to be derived from “ Caiman”—the alli- gator—which the largest island resembles in shape when approached from the east. The Cayman Islands were never occupied by the Spaniards; they were taken pos- session of by the English soon after the conquest of Jamaica and the records of the Privy Council shew that measures were adopted by General D'Oyley's Government for their protection and settlement. Grand Cayman, which is the largest of the three islands, is distant W.N.W. from Negril Point 178 miles. It is 17 miles in greatest length east and west, 4 miles in breadth at the east end, and 7 miles at the west. The coast is in some parts bold and rock-bound, but with no elevation exceeding 150 feet; the eastern and most of the northern shores are protected by coral reefs enclosing harbours of considerable size and depth, the entrances to which are however too narrow and intricate to admit other than small vessels. One of these harbours, the Great Sound, on the north, measures over 6 miles across. The only anchorage for large vessels at Grand Cay- man is under the west-end, about 14 miles northward of the south-west point. The island is well wooded and produces dyewoods and mahogany, cedar and other timber. The palm thatch grows in abundance, and the natives use the opened leaves, as coverings for their cottages, while from the fibre of the unopened “tops" ropes, fishng lines, hats, baskets, fans, and seives are made. LL 554 HANDBOOK OF JAMAICA. The products of the soil are similar to those of Jamaica, as are its wild animals and birds. There is good pasturage principally Guinea grass ; and horses, cattle, pigs, poultry, &c., are reared in sufficient numbers to meet the demand. Latterly phosphate deposits of considerable value have been discovered and cargoes have been shipped to America and elsewhere, to form manure for impover- ished lands. Fish of all kinds abound around the coast, and is taken in large quantities during the summer months, and usually sold at 14 per lb. Among its natural curiosities are a cave at Bodden Town which extends some hundreds of yards under the sea, and a natural cistern stated to be from 40 to 42 feet deep, containing clear sweet spring water, at East End. This cistern measures about 70 feet long and 50 feet wide, and is situated in the middle of a cliff of solid flint rock. It is said that on the approach of a storm the water assumes a turbid milky appearance and emits offensive smells. There is also a cave on the north side of the island, about 1} mile inland from Old Man's Bay, containing wide subterranean passages. Early tradition states that Grand Cayman was at one time the rendezvous of Buc- caneers or Sea-pirates, who preyed upon passing ships, which they boarded at nights, far from shore in large armed boats. These marauders protected themselves against attack by means of heavy guns mounted upon the rocky shore within the coral reefs, where they could only be approached in boats. Many of these guns still lie im- bedded in the sand at Gun Bay on the eastern coast. On finding the island un- tenable, owing to the occasional presence of ships of war, the Buccaneers escaped to America in their boats and landed on the shores of the Mississippi. Between the years 1734 and 1741 Grand Cayman was formed into a colony and the following patents of land in the island are on record at Spanish Town:- 3,000 acres to Danl. Campbell, John Middleton and Mary Campbell, dated 7th September, 1734, including most of the land on the north, bound- ing on the Great Sound. 1,000 acres to Mrs. Mary Bodden, dated 6th January, 1741, probably the site of the present Bodden Town. 1,000 acres to Wiliam Foster, dated 28th November, 1741, the site of the pre- sent George Town, capital of the island. 1,000 acres to Murray Crymble, dated 28th November, 1741, locality uncertain. 1,000 acres to Saml. Spofforth, dated 28th November, 1741, locality uncertain. The present inhabitants are undoubtedly descended from the settlers under these patents and their servants, as each patentee was compelled to carry with him a cer- tain number of white men besides slaves. According to Long there was in 1774 one hundred and six white persons on the island; they had a“ Chief or Governor of their own choosing and Magistrates appointed by the Governor of Jamaica, and con- ducted their own affairs. The population, according to the census of 1891, numbers 4,322 of whom about 300 were absent from the island at the time. Of those ac- tually registered 1,904 were males and 2,418 females. Governor Sir Henry Norman (who visited the islands in March, 1884) states that “the people are temperate, strong, tall and healthy looking, and most of them white or colored.” From the woods of the island they build themselves neat cottages and schooners varying from 20 to 90 tons burthen, in which latter they fish for turtle about the Cays and banks of Central America, and carry on trade between the islands about Honduras and the United States. “The islanders," writes Sir Henry Norman, “send cocoannts and turtle to Jamaica in their schooners and bring back flour and other necessaries. They grow their own ground provisions and sugar-cane, and rear cattle. Very little money is in the island, but there is no actual poverty, and most of the people have all that they want." There is no pauper roll. Some idea of the character and habits of the people may be gathered from the fact that au the time of taking tbe census of 1891 there were 633 houses on the island, of which 503 were floored buildings; and of this latter number 208 have shingled roofs. Of the population stated above, 1,418 were able to read and write, and a further number of 1,074 were able to read only. The chief towns or hamlets of Grand Cayman are George Town, the capital, Bod- den Town, West Bay, Prospect and East End; and there are several other villages IN DE X. Page. Page. 312 16 Public Hosp. 25 477 650 | Bookces indublicimused 157 Acreage, Total Birds and Fishes Protection Laws 542 "ºunder Cultivation : 414 Births, Rates of 40 Admeasurer of Ships, Fees of . 145 " Registration of 207 Administrator-General 227 Blue Mountain Peak 543 Duties of 263 Board of Education . 312 Admiralty Court of 236 Board of Health . 194 561 Admission to Civil Service Board, Quarantine 14,561 Advocates 227 "' Supervision Law 15 of 1881 222 Agriculture. 411 Board of Visitors, Female Training and Commerce, Society of 501 College Agricultural Shows : 503 “ General Penitentiary 203 ." Aide-de-Camp, The Governor's. 112 Lunatic Asylum 197 Aliens, Naturalization of 532 Public Hospital 197 Allowances, l'ravelling 121 i Reformatories 204-5 " . to Witnesses 234 Boards, Parochial 393 Alpha Cottage Industrial School 204 Boards, Pilotage and Harbour. 431 Ambassadors, British .. Botanical Department 214, 406 American Hotels Company 483 Building Society, Kingston Benefit 473 Analytical Chemist". 225 " Jamaica Permanent 474 Ancient Shepherds, Society of . 495 " St. Ann's Benefit 475 " Order of Forresters . 492 " St. Elizabeth's Benefit Andrew, Parish of St... 373 " St. James' Benefit 477 Ann, Parish of St. . 379 • Trelawny Benefit 476 234 66 Victoria Mutual 474 Appeals Appendix 66 Westmoreland . 475 Appropriated Revenues 274 Book Post Association, Medical 506 Bridges and Roads 126 " Teachers' 504 Buildings, Public . 129 " Jamaica Civil Service Guarantee 457 Burial Grounds, disused 452 Area under Cultivation 414 Busses 452 Army Service Corps. 525 " Pay Department 525 Cable, Telegraph Asylum, Lunatic 647 . 195 Cabs Atlas S.S Co. 622 Attorney General and Assistants Caicos Islands 550 226 Attorneys at Law 24 227 Cabinet, British Calabar College 338 Audit Office " Staff of . Calendar for 1892 135 Cambridge Local Examination . 320 B. Canada, Steam Communication with 430 Canal, Rio Cobre . 438 Bank, Colonial, Staff of Car Coy., Jamaica Street 481, 521 Government Savings 137 1 Carriages, Number of 289 " Notes, Colonial 302 Carriage Hire 509 Nova Scotia, Staff of 306 Carribean Line of Steamers 430 " " Raies of Exchange 303 Catherine, St., Parish of 391 Bankruptcy, 263 Cattle, Number of &c. in the Island 289 * Lawg " Slaughtered, Number of Trustee in " Trespass . 423 Baptist Mission, Jamaica " used on Estates and Pens, No. of 289 Barristers at Law . 227 Caverns of Jamaica Barbican High School for Girls . 336 Cayman Islands Barometric Pressure 14, 20 | Catholic Church, Roman 351 Barracks, Military. 526 " Educational Institution 353 Bath, Botanic Garden 406 16 College, St. Georges 340 " Milk River 447 Cays, Morant and Pedro 350 16 of St. Thomas the Apostle 449 Cemetery, Disused 452 Beckford and Smith's School 333 " May Pen . 450 Benevolent Society, Hebrew 465 Census, General 39 Benevolence, Masonic 466 “ of Kingston Bills of Exchange, Rates of 303 " of other Parishes * Stamps on 141 ) Central Board of Health 195 c. 428 134 539 263 227 353 38 553 40 40 INDBX Gaols 218 118 Aide-de-Secretary ngland 650 653 121 471 Page. Page. G. HI. Gardens, Public, and Plantations 406 Hotel, (Lodging Houses) 522 " Staff 214 Hospital, Public . 190 203 Board of Visitors 197 Gas Commissioners 442 Royal Navy 530 " Rates, Kingston 145 " Public General 190 * Works 440 Hours of Attendance, Official 120 General Revenue and Ey perditure 272 | House Tax 144 Purposes Rates 145 " Internal Taxes 144 General Water Supply 446 Ice-making Company, Kingston 484 Geological Formation 31 Immigration (Coolie) 215 Gilchrist Scholarship 319 Department, Staff of 216 Good Samaritans, Order of 495 (European) 557 Revenue Good Templary 496 274 Statistics 188 Government Medical Service 216 Officers of 195 Import Duties, Schedule of 146 Printing Office 217 Free List 146 Drawbacks Printing Office, Staff Imports and Exports Savings Bank 137 . 290 Tables of 292 Governor of Janaica 112 Incumbered Estates Courts . Governors, British Colonial 28 235 Industrial School and Reformatories 113 203 of Jamaica, Former " Boards of Visitors Governor's Aide-de-Camp . 112 204-5 " St. Mary's Governor's Private Secretary . 112 204, 312 Staff of Grammar School, Church of England 341 206 Inspectors of Schools 206 Grand Turk, Island of Institute of Jamaica 218 " Cayman " “ 310 Staff of . Grants-in-aid of Education 222 of Victoria 499 Gratuities, Pensions and Insurance Companies, Fire 485 Gray's Charity Insurance Marine Great Britain, Royal Family of 21 486 Agents of. 489 Colonial Possessions of 27 Life 489 Ministers and Officers of Internal Revenue Department . 112 State . 22 . . Officers of 180 Gregory's Charity . 470 Inland Postage 160 Guarantee Association, Civil Service, 457 “ Mails (Arrival and Departure of) 161 Guard Ship at Port Royal 528 Inventions, Letters Patent for , Guthrie-Davidson's Bequest 472 . 533 Israelites, Amalgnmated Congre- H. gation of . 366 Irrigation Canal 438 Hanover, Parish of . 384 Island Curates' Fund 461 Harbours and Harbour Masters 434 Island Record Office 213 Harbour of Kingston 435 " Fees of 214 “ Masters' Fees 435 Heads of Principal Nations 26 Jamaica, American Hotels in .. 483 Health, Boards of 194 Caverns of 38 « Central Board of 195 Chronological History of Harbour and Pilotage Boards 431 Church Theological College 311 Hebrew Synagogues 366 Civil Service Mutual Gua- " Benevolent Society 465 rantee Association . 457 " National Institution Club 497 High Schools, Wesleyan 336 Coastwise Service . 429 Jamaica (See also “ Edu- Coffee Cultivation in . 422 cation") 321 Co-operative Fire Insurance Historical Sketch of Jamaica Company 485 History, Chropological 81,560 Counties of Holidays, Public . 121 Currency of 302 Holdings, Taxes on . Dependencies of 550 Holdings, Number of 415 Description of Home, Lepers' 91, 195 Electric Light and Power * Marine Insurance Co. 486 Company 484 " Sailors 469 Female Training College 311 Honduras, Appeals to Supreme Court 235 Finances. 272 Horses, &c., Number of 289 Former Governors of 113 " Riding, Hire of 510 Geological Formation of Horticultural Society 502 High School Hotel Companies in Jamaica . 483 Historical Sketch of: 81 342 43 30 30 31 321 43 INDEX. VII Page. Page. Poor Rates 284 QuaraDuBoard 284 1 nonohishloviced 144, 284 | Quarantine svaretto 39 40 478 186 168 191 561 Population of Jamaica Fees at Lazaretto . 192 of Parishes Visiting Officers 194 Port Royal 371 Queen of England 21 Portland, Parish of 375 Quit kent Ports of Clearance : 144 Possessions, Colonial Railway Company, The Jamaica Post Cards Fares 515 Posts and Forts, Military • Time Table . 512 Post Office Rainfall 13, 17 Post Office, Arrival and Departure of Rates of Exchange . 303 Foreign Mails Fire Insurance Companies 485 Arrival and Departure of Life 489 all Inland Mails Local 144, 404 Departure of Return Packet Postage 167, 160 Express Mails Telegraph, (Ocean) 548 District : Warehouse 145 House Delivery, Limits of Water 444 Inland Postal Orders 168 Wharfage. 149 Letter Boxes 162 (see Taxes). Money Orders, United King Receiver General'. 136 Receivers of Wreck . 436 und United States & Reconstruction of Kingston Streets Rate 144 Canada Record Office, Island 213 Money Order Foreign & Colo- " Fees of 214 nial . 168 " Staff of 214 Official hours 186 Rectors' Fund 461 Parcel Post 170 Rectory School, Port Maria . 339 Parcel Post, Table of Postage 174 Reformatories 201 Staff of . 175 Lady Visitors 205 Post Towns, Distances of, from King. Official Visitors of 204 ston 162 Staff of 205 Postage, Rates of Inland 160 Registrar General and Staff 213 Postal Non-Union . 160 Registrar of Titles . 216 " Orders . 168 Registrars of Births and Deaths 211 u Staff 187 on" of Marriages 212 • Telegraph . " The Bishop's 347 “ Union, Rates Registration Department 207 Pounds : 423 of Births 207 Presbyterian Church 355 of Deaths 207 Prices of Food . 540 Fees • 208, 210 " Labour 638 of Marriages 208 Printing Office, Government 217 of Medical Practitioners 209 Prisons & Reformatories 201 of Titles 216 Staff of 205 of Trade Marks 210 Prisoners, Terms of Sentences of 202 Resident Magistrates Courts , 238 “ in General Penitentiary, Re- " Fees 238 turn of . 203 " Holding of 241 - Daily Average of, in Prison 203 " Staff of 250, 561 Private Secretary, Governor's. 112 Return of Cattle, &c., on Estates and Privy Council 112 " Appeal to 234 Returning Officers " Senior Member of 112 Revenue, Comparative Table of. 274 Property Tax 144, 371 Customs and Excise. 142 *** Collected in 1891-92 283 Officers . Provisions, Prices of 454 General . 272 Public Buildings, Maintenance of 129 " Appropriated 274 " Gardens and Plantations 406 | Riding Horses, Hire of 510 " Staff of 214 | Rio Cobre Hotel 483 General Hospitals . 190 “ Irrigation Canal 438 Holidays 121 Rivers of Jamaica 35 Offices, Hours of Attendance at 120 Road Tax, Parochial 288 Officers Travelling Allowance 121 Roads and Bridges Treasury : 136 | Roman Catholic Church 353 Works Department 126 College 340 Convent 353 184 167 Pens 289 544 150 126 Staff 131 | 293 . Us 90 This book should be returned to the Library on or before the last date stamped below. A fine of five cents a day is incurred by retaining it beyond the specified time. Please return promptly. .