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E.Coºl
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HARWARD COLLEGE
LIBRARY
TRANSFERRED
From THE
GRADUATE SCHOOL
OF
BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION














STATE LIBRARY |
MASSA
YEARLY ||
LAWS OF CUSTOMS AND EXCISE.
TREATIES AND CONVENTIONS WITH
FOREIGN POWERS.
TARIFFS OF THE UNITED KINGDOM,
BRITISH POSSESSIONS ABROAD, AND
FOREIGN COUNTRIES.
COUNTERVAILING AND INLAND DU-
TIES.
DUTIES OF LIGHTs, BUOYS, PILOT-
AGE, &c.
STAMP AND POST-OFFICE LAWS AND
RATES.
PROCLAMATIONS.
ORDERS IN COUNCIL AND OF GO-
VERNMENT BOARDS.
OURNAL ()
C A 8:4:55 E D
by REDSTONE, Ln.
SETTS
TRADE,
PAIRLIAMENTARY SPEECHES AN]}
PAPERS.
REPORTS OF LAW CASES.
TRANSLATIONS OF FOREIGN DOCU-
MENTS.
DANGERS OF THE SEAS.
PROCEEDINGS OF SCIENTIFIC AND
LEARNED SOCIETIES.
GEOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES AND RE-
CENT DISCOVERIES.
DESCRIPTIONS OF ARTICLES OF MER-
CHANDISE. -
EXCHANGES, MONEYS, WEIGHTS, AND
MEASURES.
MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION,
NOT to BE FOUND IN ANY WORK BESIDES.
GENERAL INDEX AND A MAP OF THE WORLD.
THE STATUTES BROUGHT Dow N To THE CLos E of TIIL SESSION of PARLTAMENT, 7 & 8 victori A,
THE LAw cases to Michael MAs TERM, AND THE oth ER PARTS TO JANUARY 6, 1845.
- - -
HBedicated tºp &lutijority to QTije Đrince Jºliert.
EDITED BY CHARLEs POPE,
comptrolver of Accounts IN THE poet of BR1stol; for MERLY PRINcipal.
SECRETARY TO THE CHAIRMAN OF THE BOARI) OF CU stroxis.
TWENTY-THIRD EDITION.
The Harvest of the River is her Revenue, and she is a Mart of Nations.—Jsaiah.
-
LONDON .
JAMES CO CHR AN E, 128, CHIANCERY LAN E,
Fitoyi wº Atielt I.() () pi,ACre.


i
tº k? * - * * *
Akt . ! . . *
* * º
*...* * : ... *... * * * * : * : •:
| " ',
f -
COPY OF A LETTER FROM G. E. ANSON, Esq., PRIVATE SECRETARY TO
H. ix. H. The PRIN ("E ALBERT.
SIR, W1x nsor CAstle, April 21, 1841.
I have laid your Letter and Prospectus of your “YEARLY JorhNAL or TRADE
before His Royal Highness Prince Albert, and am commanded by His Royal Highness to in-
form you that He will be very happy to Patronise this Work, and allow you to Dedicate it
to His Royal Highness.
I am, SIR,
Your most obedient Servant,
CHARLEs Pop E, Esq. - G. F. ANSON.
Jolix LCIGIiton, PRINTER,
10, Jolixsox':-cov RT, FLEET-street, Lox pox.
Harvard College Library
G.
i


To
FIELD MIAItSHALL HIS ROYAL HIGHINESS
FRANCIS ALBERT AUGUSTUS CHIARLES EMANUEL,
TDuke of Šaxe, 3}rimte of Šaxe Cobour) and Gotha.
K.G., F.R.S., K.G.F., &c.
SIR,
That the Welfare of the Country is to You paramount to
almost every other consideration, Your Royal Highness has,
on all occasions, proved.
That such Welfare is best promoted by attention to her
Commercial Interests, next to those of Religion, is self-
evident.
That GoD ALMIGHTY may, therefore, vouchsafe to render
this Work, under the Auspices of Your Royal Highness,
instrumental thereto, and that HE may shower down on You
every Blessing, is the fervent Prayer of,
SI R,
Your Royal IIighness's obedient
And very faithful Servant,
CHARLES POPE.
Clifton, January 6, 1845.


PLAN &c. OF THE TWENTY -'l'] I il?]) E])ITION.
With a view to bring into a reasonable cons, ss the great mass of materials col-
lected day by day throughout the year. some of the standing regulations, such as
those touching smuggling, manifests, valuation of goods, &c. &c., which have been
given in former Editions, are now rejected.
The descriptions of articles of merchandise too have been restricted to such as
are new, or rather to such as are fresh, for Solomon says “There is nothing new
under the sun.”
Merchants and ship-owners will find it to their interest to supply their agents,
supercargoes, factors, and masters of vessels with “Pope's Yearly Journal of
Trade,” as a guide for them when abroad.


w
AUTOGRAPH PATRONS AND SUBSCRIBERS
ROYAL FAMILY.
FIELD MARSHAL HIs Roy AL HIGHNEss FRANCIs ALBERT AUGUSTU's
CHARLEs EMANUEL, DUKE of SAxE, PRINCE of SAxE CobURG
AND GoTHA, K.G., F.R.S., K.G.F.
|
His Roy AL HIGHNEss ADolph Us FREDERIck, DUKE of CAMBRIDGE, K.G.
|
PUBLIC BOARDS,
The Right Hon. The Lords Commissioners of Her Majesty's Treasury.
The Right Hon. The Lords Commissioners of Her Majesty's Admiralty.
The Hon. Her Majesty's Board of Ordnance.
The Hon. The Commissioners of Her Majesty's Customs.
The Hon. The Commissioners of Her Majesty's Excise.
The Hon. The Directors of the East India Company.
The Hon. The Corporation of the City of London.
The Hon. The Governor and Company of the Bank of England.
The Hon. The Corporation of the Trinity House.
The Committee for Managing the Affairs of Lloyd's.
The Committee of Management for Lloyd's Register of British & Foreign Shipping.
The Governor, &c., of the Russia Company.
British Factory at St. Petersburgh.
The East India Dock Company.
The London Dock Company.
South Australian Company.
Van Dieman's Land Company.
New Zealand Company.
British and Colonial Trust Company.
The Royal Mail Steam Packet Company.
St. George's Steam Packet Company.
General Steam Navigation Company.
The Governor and Company of Copper Miners in England.
The Bank of Australasia.
The Provincial Bank of Ireland.
The Corporation of the London Assurancé,
HER MAJESTY'S MINISTERS, &c.
The Right Hon. Sir Robert Peel, Bart., M.P., D.C.L., First Lord of the Treasury.
The Right Hon. Henry Goulburn, M.P., M.A., Chancellor of the Exchequer.
The Right Hon. Sir James Robert George Graham, Bart., M.P., Secretary of
State for the Home Department.
The Right Hon. the Earl of Aberdeen, Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs.
The Right Hon. Lord Stanley, Secretary of State for the Colonies.
The Right Hon. Lord Eliot, M.P., Chief Secretary for Ireland.
The Right Hon. the Earl of Ripon, F.R.S., President of the Board of Controul.
The Right Hon. William Ewart Gladstone, M.P., President of the Board of Trade.
The Right Hon. The Earl of Lonsdale, Post-Master-General.
º Hon. Lord Granville Somerset, M.P., D.C.L., Chancellor of the Duchy
o Caster.
The Right Hon. Lord Monteagle, Comptroller-General of the Exchequer.
th . Hon. Sir Edward Burtenshaw Sugden, L.L.D., Lord Chancellor of
reland.
The Right Hon. Wiscount Southam and Earl of Ellenborough, K.G.C.B., late
C overnor-General of India.
Th mas Le Breton, Esq., Attorney-General of Jersey.


vi
[1845.
AUTOGRAPll PATRONS AND SUBSCRide Rs.
FOREIGN AMIBASSADORS.
His Excellency Count St. Aulaire, French Ambassador.
His Excellency Baron De Brunow, Russian Ambassador.
His Excellency Baron De Gersdorff, Resident Minister for Saxony.
His Excellency General Sancho, late Spanish Ambassador.
His Excellency Edward Everett, Esq., American Ambassador.
OTHER NOBILEMEN
Duke of Richmond, K.G.
Duke of Beaufort, K.G., Lord High
Steward of Bristol.
Marquis of Lansdowne, K.G., F.R.S.
Marquis of Salisbury, K.G., D.C.L.
Marquis of Londonderry, K.T.S., &c.
Marquis of Anglesey, K.G., K.G.H.
Marquis of Normanby.
Earl Grey, K.G.
Earl Spencer.
Lord Viscount Melbourne, F.R.S.
Lord Wiscount Strangford, D.C.L.
Lord Viscount Palmerston, M.P.
Lord Glenelg.
Lord Seaford.
Lord Sandon, M.P.
Mr. Justice Cresswell.
Lord Francis Leveson Egerton, M.P.
Lord Shelburne, Mi.P.
Right Hon. Francis T. Baring, M.P.
Right Hon. Henry Labouchère, M.P.
Right Hon. Joseph Planta, M.P.
George Lyall, Esq., M.P.
William Miles, Esq., M.P.
Philip W. Skynner Miles, Esq., M.P.
Hon. Francis Henry Fitzhardinge
Berkeley, M.P.
Richard Rice Clayton, Esq., M.P.
William Rickford Collett, Esq., M.P.
Right Hon. Edward Ellice, M.P.
Sir John Hanmer, Bart., M.P.
Colonel Gore Langton, M.P.
William Alex. Mackinnon, Esq., M.P.
James Matheson, Esq., M.P.
George Palmer, Esq., M.P.
J. Lewis Ricardo, Esq., M.P.
Sir George Thomas Staunton, Bart.,
M.P.
George Poulett Scrope, Esq., M.P.
Sir George Murray, G.C.B., G.C.II.
John Temple Leader, Esq., M.P.
Sir Benjamin Hall, M.P.
Thomas Grimstone Bucknall Estcourt,
Esq., M.P., D.C.L.
John Humphrey, Esq., M.P.
Robert Holland, Esq., M.P.
John Rundle, Esq., M.P.
Edmund Turner, Esq., M.P.
Sir John Hime Seale, Bart., M.P.
John Brocklehurst, Esq., M.P.
AN ID GENTLEMEN.
G. J. Heathcote, Esq., M.P.
Richard Hodgson, Esq., M.P.
Edward Protheroe, Esq., M.P.
Sir R. Bulkeley Phillips, Bart., M.P.
Sir Josiah John Guest, Bart., M.P.
Sir John Easthope, Bart., M.P.
R. J. Blewitt, Esq., M.P.
Charles Pelham Villiers, Esq., M.P.
William Evans, Esq., M.P.
Robert Ingham, Esq., M.P.
Cornelius O'Brien, Esq., M.P.
Joseph Hume, Esq., M.P.
Daniel ('allaghan, Esq., M.P.
David Morris, Esq., M.P.
The Hon. George Percy Sydney Smythe,
M. P.
John Bowring, Esq., M.P., L.L.D.
Sir Henry Pelly, Bart.
Sir John Pirie, Bart.
Sir Wilian Miesnay, Bart.
!!. Dundas Scott, Esq., Foreign Office.
Thomas Bidwell, Esq., Consular De-
partment, Foreign Office.
D. W. Patterson, Esq., Colonial Office.
Colonel Maberly, Secretary to the Ge-
neral Post Office.
C. Tottie, Esq., Consul-General for
Sweden and Norway.
Bernard Hebler, Esq., Prussian Consul-
(i.eneral.
F. Wilson, Esq., Danish Consul.
John William May, Esq., Dutch Con-
sul-General.
John G. Behrends, Esq., Consul-Ge-
neral for the Free City of Frankfort.
Chev. Don José Marie Barrero, Spa-
nish Consul-General.
H. Castellain, Esq., Belgian Consul.
James Colquhoun, Esq., Consul-Gene-
ral for the IIanse Towns.
Sir Alexander Ferrier, K.G.H., Con-
sul-General at Rotterdam.
Messrs. Godeffroy and Simson, Baden
Consulate.
M. Gautier, Chancellor of French Con-
sulate.
F. J. Vanzeller, Esq., Portuguese Con-
sul-General.
Chevalier De Mascarenhas, Portuguese
Consul-General at Bristol.


1845.] AUTOGRAPH PATRONS AND SUBSCRIBERS. vii
John B. Heath, Esq., Consul-General
for Sardinia.
H. S. Minasi, Esq., Consul-General
for Sicily.
Colonel Thomas Aspinwall, Consul-
General of the United States.
E. Allsop, Esq., Consul for New Gra-
nada and Venezuela.
C. F. Dickson, Esq., Consul-General
for the Republic of the United States
of the Rio de la Plata.
Ebenezer Ludlow, Esq., Sergeant-at-
Law.
Charles A. Scovell, Esq., Secretary of
Customs.
Charles Williams, Esq., Secretary of
Western Ports.
Charles Boyd, Esq., William Weston,
Esq., Charles Dowding, Esq., and
Alexander Ross, Esq., Surveyors-
General of Customs.
John Ker, Esq., Collector of Customs,
Bristol.
Elias Arnaud, Esq., Collector of Cus-
toms, Liverpool.
[The LIST or SUBSCRIBERs IN GENERAL is much too long for insertion.]





T O T H E R E A D E R.
TRID ENS NEPTUN I SCEPT RU M M UN DI.
For the Twenty-third time, the Editor now submits to the Public the produce
of his labours during the Year.
Exclusive information as to Trade and Manufactures has, at a great cost, been
obtained from most parts of the World.
The Index alone contains between Four and Five Thousand References. It is,
of course, intended as a Finger-Post to point out the Road.
Although “Pope’s YEARLY JourNAL of TRADE” is designed primarily for
the Mercantile and Marine Classes, still, it is hoped, it may be consulted with
advantage by the Politician—the Senator—the Statesman—and the Public Func-
tionary. In short, by every one who wishes to be on a level with the best
informed persons on this subject.
By keeping Copies of the Journal, they will, it is trusted, become a valuable
Record of the State of Trade in by-gone times; and thus every year will increase
their value.
The reception of the Journal for 1844, has outstripped even the Editor's own
expectation. It is now as well known at Hong-Kong, Bombay, and other distant
Ports, as at Bristol, Manchester and London.
That this high and honourable support will continue to increase, both at Home
and Abroad, the Editor cannot suffer himself for one moment to doubt, when he
considers that he acts as the humble Drudge—the Pioneer—to clear the Path
through which Merchants and others may extend their commerce and increase
their Wealth.
Clifton, January 6, 1845.





CONTENTS.
GENERAL INDEX, p. 524.
DEDICATION -
AUToGRAPH PATRoNs
SUBscRIBERs
To the Reader
Contents
Authorities -
Character of the Journal
Abbreviations -
Construction in General -
Public Income and Expenditure
of the United Kingdo
The Revenue . -
AND
MiscellANEOUS INFORMA-
TION, viz.:-
Origin of Money and Nature of
Exchange - -
An Account of the Number of
Wessels, with Amount of Ton-
nage, Built and Registered
An Account of the Number of
Vessels, Amount of Tonnage,
and Number of Men and Boys
employed in navigating the
same that belonged to the
British empire
An Account of Vessels and
Amount of Tonnage, with
Number of Men and Boys
that entered Inwards, and
cleared Outwards
An Account of the Value of the
Produce and Manufactures of
the United Kingdom, Ex-
ported . - -
An Account of the Exports of
the principal Articles of Fo-
reign...and Colonial Merchan-
dise - - •
An Account of the Imports of
the principal Articles of Fo-
reign and Colonial Merchan-
dise, of the Consumption of
Page
V
ix
xi
XV
xvi
XX
XX
xxiv.
. . xxvii
xxi
such Articles, and of the Cus-
toms Duties received thereon
Table of Statutes passed in the
Session of Parliament, 6 &
7 Vict. [1844] - •
List of British Ministers Abroad
List of Foreign Ministers in
England • -
List of Colonial Land and
Emigration Board - -
List of British Consuls Abroad
List of Governors of British Co-
lonies - -
List of Customs’ Agents and
Ship Brokers - -
PART I.
Navigation
Wessels and Boats
Seamen .
Sea Apprentices
Passengers
Emigrants -
Charter Party -
Bottomry and Respondentia
Demurrage -
Collision - e
Marine Insurance
Salvage
PART II.
Smuggling
PART III.
United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland.
IMPORTs, viz.:-
Entry, &c. - •
Reciprocity System -
Duties, Drawbacks, &c. -
Tariff - -
Ready Reckoning
Classificdtion
Page
xxxii
xxxvi
xli
xlii
xliii
xllii
xlvi
xlvli
33
xxviii
xxviii
xxviii
xxxi
35
39
47
48
51


xii tº ON TENTS.
Page
PART IV. Norway
- - - - - Prussia - - -
United Kingdom of Great Britain Denmark Proper and Duchy of
-
and Ireland. Holstein -
ExpoRTs - - , 181 Netherlands - -
- Holland
PART V. | Belgium
- - - - Austria -
United Kingdom ºf Great Britain : Ports of the Danube
and Ireland. Ports of the Vistula -
CoAstwise, - . 211 Germany -
- Hanover -
PART VI. Hanseatic Towns
- - - - - Frankfort -
United Kingdom of Great Britain Heligoland
and Ireland. Mecklenburg Schwerin and Meck.
London Tonnage Rates . 214 lenburg Strelitz
Lights, Buoys, &c. - 215 Oldenburg
Pilots and Pilotage . . 219 France
Bangers of the Seas - 222 Spain -
- Canary Islands
PART VII. Portugal . -
United Kingdom of Great Britain Azores -
and Ireland. Gibraltar
Countervailing Duties between Malta . . . . . .
Great Britain and Ireland . 235 Italy, ºn Territories
Inland Excise Duties . 237 Papal Territories -
Stamp Duties - • 240 | Trieste -
A Table of Days - * | Ionian Islands -
Post Office - 246 | venice
- y - -, - -
Bills of Exchange, &c. - *| Lombardo-Venetian states
- Grand Duchy of Tuscany
PART VIII. Naples -
United Kingdom of Great Britain Sicily
and Ireland. º
er Vla
WAREHOUSING — . 256 Black Sea -
Greece - - -
PART IX. Morea and Greek Islands -
United Kingdom of Great Britain -
and Ireland.
Aliens - - . 285 PART XI.
Agents, Brokers, and Factors . 289 ASIA IN GENERAL
Holidays - - 292 --- -
Return of Duty - . .293 º Possessions
Samples o - 293 | Persia -
Consuls . - . .293 Syria -
- Indian Ocean . -
PART X. Philippine Islands
EUROPE IN GENERAL . 295 | Cochin China
United Kingdom - . 295 Ceylon
The Opening of the Royal Ex- French Settlements
change by Her Majesty . 295 Danish Settlements . -
Railways . - 297 | Portuguese Settlements -
British Possessions Abroad . 298 Cutch and Scinde -
Ireland - - 299 || Birman Empire -
Isle of Man, Guernsey, &c. . 299 || Siam - ?
Russia - - 309 China - -
Sweden . - . 315 | East Indies -
Page
321
323
330
334
336
337
338
339
339
340
341
344
346
347
348
350
354
361
367
367
375
376
377
378
379
379
380
380
382
383
383
384
385
387
390
390
391
392
393
393
394
396
397
398
400
400
400
40E
401
402
402
402
402
402
428


*CONTENTS.
xi
Japanese Islands o
Sumatra
Java
Other Islands of the Indian Seas
Australia -
New South Wales o
New Holland
Van Diemen's Land .
New Zealand .
PART XII.
AFRICA. IN GENERAL
British Possessions -
Egypt • o
Madeira •
Island of Ascension
Tripoli, Barbary, and Morooco .
Senegal and Coast •
Gambia -
Sierra Leone and Coast
Windward Coast
Cape Coast Castle and Gold coast
Coast from Rio Volta
Ichaboe •
Mercury Island
Cape of Good Hope
Ports on the Red Sea
Cape Verde Islands
Page
439
439
439
440
440
441
442
442
443
447
447
448
449
449
449
452
453
453
453
453
454
454
455
455
460
461
461
461
461
461
Honduras
Crab Island -
British Northern Colonies
Newfoundland
Canada
New Brunswick .
Nova Scotia -
British West Indies
Foreign West Indies .
United States of America
Mexico •
Texas - -
Musquito Country -
Guatamala -
Colombia e --
Venezuela . e
Brazil e -
States of the Rio de la Plata
Rio Negro • -
Uruguay -
Paraguay º w
Chili • -
Peru - -
PART XIV.
North and South Seas -
Discovery of a Passage through
Great Barrier Reef, Torres
Straits - e
Sandwich Islands - o
Otaheite -
South Sea Islands -
Dangerous Reefs in the South
Pacific Ocean . -
Falkland Islands - e
ADDENDA o *
Page
474
474
474
474
474
476
477
477
482
483
496
497
499
500
500
501
502
505
506
507
509
510
510
513
St. Helena e •
Madagascar o
Isle of Bourbon •
Mauritius
PART XIII.
AMERICA IN GENERAL
British Possessions in General
463
463
513
513
514
515
515
515
517


POPE'S YEARLY JOURNAL
OF TRADE ADVERTISER.
i NSU RANCE AND OTHER PUBLIC
COM PAN i Es.
Anchor Life Insurance Company
Bank of Australasia - - - -
Caledonian Insurance Company
Church of England ditto . .
Edinburgh ditto - - - -
English and Scottish ditto -
Great Britain ditto . . . . . . . .
Guarantee Society . . . . . . .
Imperial Insurance Company ..
Lloyd’s Register of Shipping ... -
London and Westminster Bank . . . .
Mariners' Life Insurance Company
Marine Society. . . . . . . . . . .
Medical Invalid Insurance Company
Minerva ditto . . . . . .
National Loan Fund ditto
New Zealand Company . . . . . .
North of Scotland Insurance Company..
Provident Clerks’ ditto -
Scottish Equitable ditto
Provident ditto
Union ditto . . . . . .
Victoria ditto - - - -
Westminster General ditto
Yorkshire ditto
MISCELLAN E O U. S.
Agency, Woolcott .
Albata Plate, Watson
Albert Cravat, Hughes . . . .
Army Clothiers, Nicoll & Co. . .
Artist’s Friend, Palmer . . . .
Banking Almanac, Groombridge
Balm of Colombia, Oldridge -
Carving and Gilding, Salteri & Co.
Chemical Museum, Ward
Chronometers, Delolme
— Massey
Copying Machine, Williams
Electro-Plating & Gilding, Elkington 580-5
Page
551
565
552
552
554
553
555
565
554
566
565
561
566
562
556
557
556
556
558
560
559
55.8
563
563
564
566
574
586
580
581
581
583
580
590
570
585
590
Heraldic and Marking Inks, Ede 57.7
Lithography, Dean y ('0. 592
Macassar Oil, Rowland & Son ... 584
Manifold Writers, Wedgewood . . . . 573
Marble & Scagliola Works, Brown & Co. 589
Mercantile Tables, Houghton ... 590
Medicine Chests, Springweiler & Co. 583
Newspaper Agency—Colonial, Simmonds 572
British and Foreign,
W. Thomas . . . . . . . . . . . . 572
New Publications, Sherwood & Co. 575
Optical Glasses, Harris & Son 591
Panclibanoi1 Iron Works . . . . . . 586
Patent Life Preserver, Cobbold . . 581
Cloth Boots, Hall & Co. 590
— Water Closets, Milligan 57.1
Laws, Newton - 572
—— Pens, Perry & Co. 592
Barley, Robinson : 570
Portmanteau, Pratt 57.1
Lamps, Young - - - 574
Paragon ditto, Watson ... 580
— Watch, Massey . 585
Pickles, Wardell ... . . . . . . . . . . 508
Plate ’Glass and Painted Windows,
; Claudet & Co.: . . . . . . ...:, ;; 3%
Photography & Dissolving Views, Willatts 568
Printing Press, Clymer & Dixon 577
Potosian Liquid Silver, Smith & Co. 587
Rheumatism and Gout, Cabburn’s Oil .. 582
Stilton House, Crossley 585
Tallyho Sauce, Thorn - 570
Transparent Soap, Pears . . . . 569
Trusses, Cole’s . . . . . . . . 568
Templar Cap. Powell
Writing Master, Smart
Fluids. Stephens
Wax-work Exhibition, Tussaud
Bi RM IN (; ii.a. M.
Albata Plate, John Yates & Sons ..
Air Guns and Canes, Townsend - -
Berkeley Street Mills, Carpenter & Co..
Bronze and Or-Molu Works, Phillips ..
Britannia Metal Works, Brown . . . .
Nail Works, Chunk Nail Comp.
Button Manufacturers, Serly & Co.
Candelabra, &c., J1arsh . . . . . .
———– JI, ss, nºter & Sons..
Coach and Harness Furniture, Holding .
Die Sinker and Engravcr, Barnett
Flour Mills, Parkes - - - -
Fancy Hearth Brushes, Benton
Fishing Reels, Watton . . . . . .
Glass and China Ware, Rollason ..
Goldsmith and Jeweller, Steen - - - -
Gig and Carriage Lamps, Holden .
Great Lister Street Works, Jiwore & Co..
Guns and Pistols, Swinburne . .
Hall Street Works, JI Eroy - - -
Iron and Steel Wire, Cornforth . . . .
Brass Bed-teads, Peyton & Co.
Founders, Mapplebeck ..
Ivory and Tortoiseshell Art., Woodhouse
Metallic Hot-house Works, Clark . . . .
Pens & Holders, John Mitchell
Medallists and Die Sinkers, Allen & Co..
Measuring Tapes, Bedington . . . . . .
Needles, Fish Hooks, &c., IHorton & Co.
Ombrosome Shower Baths, Yates & Birch
Platers, Dugald, Brothers . . . . . .
Papier Mache and Japanned Art., Farmer
M“Callum
Patent Safety Axle, Gibson
— Mangles, Gabriel . . . . . .
Disc Lamp, Itateliff
Portable Corn Mills, Dean . . . . 610-11
Percussion and Button Manufacturers,
Starkey & Co. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Pritchet Street Works, John Yates & Co.
Steel Pens, Gillott . . . . . . . . . .
— William Mitchell . . . .
Scotch Snuff Boxes, Smith . . . .
Spectacles, Davis - - - - - -
Snuffers and Corkscrews, Jones
Stamper and Piercer, Howle ..
Rowley. . . .
Sheffield Works, Jenkinson & Co. . .
Silver Plated Wares, Sherwood ..
Tools for Braziers, Jackson
—- Edge, Thomas . - - -
Umbrellas and Parasols, Rubery
Weighing Machines, Garland
Wire-worker and Weaver, Nicklin
Lynea ..
-
595
596
607
608
Guð
596
598
594
603
598
602
598
608
611
597
600
611
SIIEFFIELD,
Britannia Metal, Wolstenholme
Edge Tools, Kirk & Son .
Electro-Plater, Harrison . . . . . .
North Street Works, Broadhead ..
Optical Works, Ashmore . . . . . .
BRISTOL.
Catalogue of Books, Kerslake. . . . . .
Mills of every Description, Bartlett ..
Malt Mills, Duke Olliver .. - - - -
ROTTERDAM.
Custom House Agent . . . . .
613
614
614
614
614
615
616
616
616


AUTHORITIES.
AS TO POPE'S YEARLY JOURNAL OF TRADE.
If there be one species of knowledge more essential to a merchant than another, it is that he
should be acquainted with the various productions of the different Commercial Countries of the
World, and of those which are in demand in them. And when ships are freighted and commo-
dities sent abroad by those who are destitute of this elementary instruction, the wonder is, not
that they should sometimes calculate wrong, but that they should ever calculate right.—Edin.
Review.
In everything relating to manufactures and commerce we are on the eve of a new era. Mil-
lions of our fellow-creatures depend for their means of subsistence on the “ onward movement”
of this system. We cannot retrograde to the simple practices of by-gone days; hence we say,
and maintain, that all the manufacturing and commercial nations of the earth must accommo-
date themselves in time to the circumstances of which we motify the advent, otherwise those who
do not accommodate themselves will be left behind, like the milestones on a road, which are
superseded by a railroad.—John Bull.
In the way that I shall now propound, the entire body and substance of the law shall remain,
only discharged of idle and unprofitable or hurtful matter; and illustrated by order and other
helps, towards the better understanding of it, and judgment thereupon.—Lord Bacon.
It is intolerable that the proclamations and orders in council were not formed into a book and
bound; it is not to be supposed we can keep every Gazette.-Lord Chief Justice Ellenborough.
It were greatly to be wished that men of eminence and distinction, whose birth and fortune
procure them an admission into the British senate, would employ a little more of their time in
the cultivation of the science of commerce, so worthy of their greatest regard and attention.—
Dean Tucker. -
The knowledge of trade is of so much importance to a maritime nation, that no labour can be
thought too great by which information may be obtained.—Dr. Johnson.
We venture to suggest, that the prime want of the country, with reference to future changes
in its commercial policy, is information as to the condition, the tendency, and the prospects of
the agriculture and commerce, and of the commercial legislation, of other countries. At present
we are groping and legislating in the dark; we are led away in consequence of our want of know-
ledge by every crotchety writer who can pronound a plausible dictum, or raise a cry of alarm.
But not only are the actual state and prospects of other nations indifferently known to us; the
existing ignorance as to our own colonies is also likely, if not removed, to lead to much blunder-
ing and disastrous legislation.
No greater service could be rendered the country, or the cause of good government and
national progression, than to supply this information, and to remove this ignorance,—Morning
Herald, Sept. 8, 1841.
[The very objects here pointed out, it need hardly be said, are expressly those of THE Jour-
NAL of TRADE.]
We should ever bear in mind that we lived, and moved, and had our being, through the
extension and secnrity of our commercial relations,—Wiscount Stronford. Speech in the House
of Lords.
Beyond all doubt, there was no subject of so much importance to the country at large as a
debate upon our commercial relations,—The Duke of Wellington. Speech in the House of
Lords.


CHARACTER
or
POPE'S YEARLY JOURNAL OF TRADE.
CHARACTER OF THE FIRST EDITION.
From the summary view which we have taken of this work, it appears to contain the most
important information relative to the mature and management of commercial concerns, and to
present an interesting display of commercial regulations; and, under the impression which it
has made on our minds, we can have no hesitation in saying, that it appears entitled to a place
in the house of every merchant, shipowner, or other person, in any respect connected with the
maritime commerce and manufactures of the United Kingdom.—Tradesman; or, Commercial
JMagazine, April, 1812. º
Mr. Pope appears to us to have performed his task well; and to have compiled a volume which
may be said to supply a good clue to the labyrinth of our Custom-House.—Aſonthly Review,
September, 1812.
Whoever remembers the discussion which took place on Mr. Pitt's memorable plan for the
simplification of the Duties of Customs, and the eloquent panegyric which Mr. Burke, though
at that time in opposition, pronounced on the ability, perseverance, and skill of the Minister in
digesting such a system, and in rendering it intelligible to the plainest understanding, needs no
further information respecting the vast difficulty and labour attending the accomplishment of
such a scheme as that which Mr. Pope has perfected. Of the consequence of a plain, practica-
ble, and intelligible abridgment of those complicated laws, in the execution of which so many
thousands of the inhabitants of this commercial country are daily and hourly concerned, every
man must be aware. It would be a matter of astonishment to us, that there is not one work
which affords this desirable information, if we were not fully sensible of the extreme labour and
great skill requisite for so arduous an undertaking. Mr. Pope has not been discouraged by this
consideration, and he has performed his task with great perspicuity, diligence, and talent.—
Antijacobin Review, May, 1813.
-
CHARACTER OF THE SECOND EDITION.
A most valuable feature of this edition is the table of Bounties and Drawbacks on British
Goods Exported, and which in itself renders this book of essential utility to the Merchant and
Custom-House Agent. We can only repeat our high approbation of the manner in which Mr.
Pope has executed his task, and we are convinced that the commercial world in general cannot
fail to reap the most important benefits from his meritorious labours.-Tradesman; or, Com-
mercial Magazine, June, 1814.
This is a work of great labour, and no small difficulty. It presents, in as narrow a compass
as possible, a mass of information that entitles it to a place in the counting-house, where it will
be found useful as a book of reference, on innumerable occasions. These adjudged cases we
deem particularly valuable as they show the opinions and feelings of the highest law authorities.
–Literary Panorama, June, 1814.
CHARACTER OF THE THIRD EDITION.
In our opinion, Mr. Pope is deserving of great credit for his very laborious undertaking; it is
a work that we feel pleasure and confidence in recommending, not only to Officers in the Navy,
but likewise to Merchants, and the Masters and Mates of vessels in their employ; and also to
|


CHARACTER OF THE JOURNAL. xvii
the principal Officers attached to the Customs and Excise, in the outports and abroad; each of
whom ought to possess a eopy of this extremely useful publication.—Naval Chronicle, March,
1817.
CHARACTER OF THE FOURTH EDITION.
Altogether, this is the completest manual of Mercantile Law which has ever issued from the
British Press; and the variety, extent, and accuracy of the information it contains, claim for it
a place on the desk of every Mercantile Man, as well as every Officer of the Customs and Excise,
throughout the British dominions,—Literary Panorma, Oct., 1818.
CHARACTER OF THE EIGHTH EDITION.
The utility of works of this kind is best exhibited negatively, by imagining the misery and
mischief which may be consequent upon the want of them. No man can say that, unassisted,
he can act prudently and promptly in mercantile transactions, if he is to ransack libraries and
consult lawyers upon every multifarious occasion which occurs in the course of business. He
may mistake or be cheated; and if he chooses to avoid either or both of these, he loses time
which may be profitably employed. The only question then is this: Is the work so comprehen-
sively and so accurately executed as to answer the indispensable purposes of utility and safety 2
We use the latter term, because modern Acts of Parliament are so clumsily composed, that an
appearance of intelligibility and grammar in a compression of them may lead to a justifiable sus-
picion, that the almost incomprehensible meaning of the original is not faithfully preserved.*
We own, therefore, that the neatness, precision, and judgment of Mr. Pope have alarmed us;
but as the work has passed through eight editions, and of course, been put to most ample test,
we have no right to doubt the accuracy of the chart which he has compiled to aid our navigation
through these rocks and quicksands.-Gentleman's Magazine, May, 1823.
CHARACTER OF THE ELEVENTH EDITION.
We have looked into the work, with no small degree of national pride, as a record of the
triumph of British enterprise in every corner of the world; and we award to Mr. Pope the high
meed of having “done the state some service.”—Liverpool Kaleidoscope.
As a book of reference, its usefulness extends to all classes of society engaged in mercantile
pursuits. It is a Mercantile Magazine, stored with a great and multifarious mass of valuable
information.—London Weekly Review.
Mr. Pope's work is peculiarly valuable, from its containing all the Commercial Treaties and
Conventions, which are not to be met with in any other work. It is, indeed, a volume which no
Merchant, Statesman, or Legislator ought to be without.-Literary Chronicle.
CHARACTER OF THE SEVENTEENTH EDITION,
The great merit of a Work of this kind must depend upon its accuracy, and the authenticity
of the documents from which the information has been derived. Mr. Pope appears, as far as it
is possible, from a general inspection of his volume to form an opinion, to have executed his task
with fidelity, and to have conferred a useful favour upon the Commercial men of his country.—
Times, March 17, 1836.
CHARACTER OF THE EIGHTEENTH EDITION.
The Yearly Journal of Trade, edited by Mr. Pope, is a most valuable body of mercantile sta-
tistics, and legal information on matters of commerce, and comprises a complete Annual Regis-
terfor the Merehant, a chronicle of the past and a guide for the future. It is very creditable to
the talents and industry of the editor.—Gentleman's Magazine, February, 1838.
• It ought not, however, to be expected, says Dr. Johnson, that the Stones which form the
dome of a temple should be squared and polished like the diamond of a ºne-º,


xv.111 CHARACTER OF THE JOURNAL.
CHARACTER OF THE TWENTY-FIRST EDITION. [1843.] * - - -
This is the edition for the year of an invaluable work of commercial reference. The complete-
mess with which Mr. Pope performs his editorial duties cannot fail to be appreciated by the mer-
cantile reader.—Morning Post, January 16, 1843.
It is superfluous to enlarge on the merits of a work long established, and highly appreciated;
we can only announce to our readers the publication of the new volume, maintaining the high
character of its predecessors.-Herapath's Railway and Commercial Journal, January 28, 1843.
This appears to be a work essentially necessary for the use of the Shipmaster and Naval
Officer, as well as for the Merchant; for it comprises an immense mass of important informa-
tion, collected from various sources, and arranged under different appropriate heads, so as to be
readily referred to. Thus we have all that can tend to the information of our commercial and
naval marine. Besides the above, there are many valuable statistical tables, trade reports,
tariffs, and commercial regulations for the guidance of those who have to transact business with
foreign countries.—Naval and Military Gazette, January 28, 1843.
A new edition (the twenty-first) of a volume containing the most complete body of informa-
tion on all subjects connected with trade and commerce which has ever fallen under our notice
in any single work. It is, in fact, a copious Encyclopaedia of Trade and Commerce. The present
edition of Mr. Pope's work presents a vast improvement on its predecessors. Indeed, we may
express our confident opinion that it must eventually find a place in the cabin of every vessel in
our Commercial Navy, as well as in every merchant's counting-house in the United Kingdom
—United Service Gazette, January 28, 1843.
This is, we believe, the twenty-first annual publication of this very useful book. In its pages
we meet with information, essential to a just and correct understanding of commerce, its rela-
tions, regulations, &c. &c. to be found in no other compilation; and, at one view, not only af.
fording us a multitude of facts, for which we were previously constrained to search throughout
a variety of works, but facts which are not to be found elsewhere. In truth, on every point con-
nected, however remotely, either with mercantile pursuits or commercial transactions, this work
will be found a competent and unerring instructor. We had nearly omitted to mention, that
an excellently well engraved map of the world, exhibiting the limits of the East India Company's
charter, and, in separate compartments, Newfoundland, New Brunswick, and the West Indies,
accompanies the work.-The British Friend of India Magazine, and Indian Review, February,
1844.
The very circumstance of this work having reached its twenty-first yearly edition, is a suffi.
cient guarantee of the importance and value of the information which it contains, and proves
that it is duly appreciated by the mercantile public. This long experience, therefore, of
Mr. Pope, and the responsible situation which he holds as comptroller of accounts in the port
of Bristol, must afford many facilities for obtaining exclusive information on commercial and
naval matters, the giving publicity to which must be of high importance to the shipping and
trading interests of the kingdom. Mr. Pope’s work is one which we have long had at our elbow,
as a ready and correct work of reference on all that relates to the law of nations, custom and
excise regulations, foreign tariffs and treaties, &c. The edition for this year comes before us in
an enlarged and improved form, and contains much valuable statistical information. The pa-
tronage of the work by Prince Albert, to whom it is dedicated, shows the readiness of His Royal
Highness to give his countenance and support to all that promotes and furthers the interests of
the trade and commerce of the British nation. The Yearly Journal of Trade is a work which
should be found in the cabin of every British vessel, and the counting-house and library of every
merchant and man of business at home and abroad.—Mark Lane Express.
Our attention has been called to a most valuable publication, which deserves to be more
generally known in the Colonies. We refer to the Yearly Journal of Trade, edited by Charles
Pope, Esq., Comptroller of Accounts in the port of Bristol. This most important work is de-
voted to a consideration of the different laws, tariffs, duties, orders in council, proclamations,
treaties, &c., affecting the commercial relations of different countries; and is accompanied by a
large mass of miscellaneous information connected with trade, which is not to be found in any
other publication. It is, indeed, an annual Encyclopaedia of Commerce, and as such is pa-
tronised by nearly all the public boards and trading corporations in the old country, as well as
by Her Majesty's ministers, and a large number of the members of the two Houses of Parliament.
The editor, Mr. Pope, was formerly principal Secretary to the Chairman of the Board of Customs,
and is fully equal to his task.-Montreal Courier, May, 1843.
This excellent publication should be found in the library of the legislator, the counting-house


CHARACTER OF THE JOURNAL. xix
of the merchant, and in the possession of every man who is anxious for correct information on
the various subjects to which the attention of the zealous and talented author has been directed.
—The West Indian, July 24, 1843. Published at Barbadoes. -
This is an annual really full of information of great value to the mercantile world, and syste-
matically brought down to the latest time by a gentleman who seems fully competent to the task.
His present position, indeed, would seem to vouch for so much, had he not previously held the
office of principal secretary to the chairman of the Board of Customs. The mass of intelligence
presented, in a closely printed and frequently tabular form, comprehends clear statements
respecting the laws of custom and excise, treaties with foreign powers, tariffs, duties, stamp
and post-office rules, proclamations, orders in council and by government boards, law reports
connected with trading cases, geographical sketches and recent discoveries, exchanges, &c. &c.,
with a vast variety of miscellaneous matters relating to all the World, a map of which is very
properly prefixed to the volume. Having hastily run over the principal items of the contents,
we shall only add, that the performance is quite equal to the promise—Literary Gazette,
- - --- - º - - -
---
Sept. w 1843. ºn
CHARACTER OF THE TWENTY-SECOND EDITION. [1844.] º
ºr ºdº º º º
Every year shows a marked and manifest improvement in this old established annual, which
welearn to look for as the attendant at our right-hand corner, and an essential work of reference
on the state of trade and the manufactures of the past year; as a manual of commerce. When
we state that the index contains nearly five thousand references, we have said enough to convince
those who have not seen the work (and they must be very few), that it must necessarily
contain a vast fund of useful information.-Simmond's Colonial Magazine, January, 1844.
: This important, because highly useful volume to all engaged in commercial and mercantile
pursuits, has already obtained a large portion of confidence in those circles for which it is
especially dseigned, and requires only to be known in order to its being the inmate of every
counting-house, and the companion of every mercantile clerk in the three kingdoms. The
variety and minuteness of its information on all matters pertaining to trade and commerce, and
the assurance of correctness and integrity which the character of its editor, and a reference to
the several authorities whence the articles are derived, will inspire confidence in commercial
men who refer to it for information,--Globe, January 9, 1844. ººº ºn º
- - * : *-
º: º, a -ºº º º
-- ~ - - - - - sº -
- . º
Mr. Webster, Secretary of State, in the “Report on the Commercial Relations of the United
States of America with Foreign Nations,” to the House of Representatives, laid on the table,
March 21, 1842, specially mentions “Pope's (English) Journal of Trade” as an AUTHoRITY,
tº ºr sº
- - - - - -
as alſo -ºº º
- - - -
* - ºn º, sº
º - - - - - - - -
tº ºn --> º - ºn ºf ºr.
ſº º
-
--~ * - - ----- - - - -
ºr sºlº ºn tº º ------ º º, º zºº
- . - º º ºn ºzº
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- . . . . . . . . .
- - - º - - - - -
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- . . . º 'º - … … tº
ºf ºn ºn tº º ºr
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tº tº
- ºn tº º
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- a
- - -
- - : -


b 2


ABBREVIATIONS.
Whenever the several terms or expressions following shall occur in any Act
relating to the customs or to trade and navigation, the same shall be construed
respectively in the manner hereinafter directed:—viz., the term “ship” + shall
be construed to mean ship or vessel generally, unless such term be used to distin-
guish a ship from sloops, brigantines, and other classes of vessels; the term
“master” of any ship shall be construed to mean the person having or taking the
charge or command of such ship; the term “owners” and the term “owner”
of any ship shall be construed alike to mean one owner, if there be only one, and
any or all the owners if there be more than one; the term “mate” of any ship
be construed to mean the person next in command of such ship to the master
thereof; the term “seaman” shall be construed to mean alike seaman, mariner,
sailor, or landsman, being one of the crew of any ship; the term “British Posses-
sions” shall be construed to mean colony, plantation, island, territory, or settle-
ment, belonging to His Majesty; the term “His Majesty” shall be construed to
mean His Majesty, his heirs, and successors; the term “East India Company”
shall be construed to mean the United Company of Merchants of England trading
to the East Indies; the term “limits of the East India Company’s Charter”
shall be construed to mean all places and seas eastward of the Cape of Good Hope
to the Straits of Magellan; the terms “collector and controller” shall be construed
to mean the collector and controller of the customs of the port intended in the
sentence; whenever mention is made of any public officer, the officer mentioned
shall be deemed to be such officer, for the time being; the term “warehouse”
shall be contrued to mean any place, whether house, shed, yard, timber-pond, or
other place in which goods entered to be warehoused upon importation may be
lodged, kept, and secured without payment of duty, or although prohibited to be
used in the United Kingdom; the term “King's warehouse” shall be construed
to mean any place provided by the Crown for lodging goods therein for security of
the customs. 3 and 4 Will. 4, c. 52, § 119.
FURTHER ABBREv1ATIoNs.
Not otherwise enume- ſ Not otherwise Dozen . . . . . doz.
rated or described enumerated Exceeding . . . eX.
For every £100 of *} £100 val British Possessions . B. P.
value . . . . . Order in Council . . . O. C.
Barrel . . . . . . brl. Treasury Order . . . . T. O.
Gallon . . . . . . . gal. Treasury Letter . T. L.
Yard . . . . . . . yd. Customs Order . . . . C. O.
Square yard . . . . . . sq. yd. Correspondent . . . . Cor.
CONSTRUCTION IN GENERAL.
If upon the first levying or repealing of any duty, or upon the first granting or
repealing of any drawback or bounty, or upon the first permitting or prohibiting
of any importation or exportation, whether inwards, outwards, or coastwise, in
the United Kingdom, or in the Isle of Man, it shall become necessary to de-
termine the precise time at which an importation or exportation of any goods
made and completed shall be deemed to have had effect, such time, in respect of
importation, shall be deemed to be the time at which the ship importing such
goods had actually come within the limits of the port at which such ship shall
in due course be reported, and such goods be discharged; and such time, in
respect of exportation, shall be deemed to be the time at which goods had been
shipped on board the ship in which they had been exported; and if such question
shali arise upon the arrival or departure of any ship, in respect of any charge or
allowance upon such ship, exclusive of any cargo, the time of such arrival shall be
deemed to be the time at which the report of such ship shall have been or ought
to have been made ; and the time of such departure shall be deemed to be the
time of the last clearance of such ship with the collector and controller for the
voyage upon which she had departed. 3 & Will. 4, c. 52, § 125.
* The term “ship” or “vessel” is, in some cases, in this Journal used synonymously—Ed.


MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION.
ON THE ORIGIN OF MONEY
AND
THE NATURE OF EXCHANGE.
A feast is made for laughter, and wine maketh merry; but money answereth all things.
- Solomon,
THE fact is indisputable that mere crude metal was weighed as money long
anterior to its formation into coin. “Abraham weighed to Ephron the silver,
four hundred shekels, current with the merchant; ” now, the shekel was a weight
centuries before it was a coin; 3,000, according to Arbuthnot, being equal to a
talent; and the word “current” may be understood more fitly by sterling, as
being unalloyed, of right assay; the word “sterling,” as we need hardly remark,
being a corruption of Easterling, so termed from the money of Eastern Germany,
which was remarkably pure, and therefore in request, at a period when our own
coinage was excessively corrupt. We all remember, too, how Brennus the Gaul
flung his heavy sword into the scales, that were too penuriously weighing the
ransom of Rome: and similar instances need not be multiplied. Unminted
bullion as a legalized medium of exchange, is not less a modern than it has been
an ancient expedient; for it has been revived in our own times by Mr. Ricardo,
although the project was abortive and dropped immediately, only one brick of gold
weighing sixty ounces, and impressed with a sovereign stamp, having been made
and issued for foreign commerce; a leaden model of this, gilt to resemble the
original, is now in the British Museum. We are informed, on such authority as
that of Suidas, that money of leather and of shells was once used by the Romans;
and by Cedremus, that wood was also employed by them for the same purpose.
Aristides says that leather money was once current at Carthage, and Seneca makes
the same remark on Sparta. We are told, on authority somewhat more con-
siderable, that iron was used in the same manner at Sparta, at Clazomenae, at
Byzantium, and at Rome, and tin also, by Dionysius of Syracuse. The Dutch
have minted pasteboard; our old exchequer tallies might be called in some sort
wooden money; James II. coined gun-metal; in 1690 we had a tin coinage to the
extent of 70,000l. ; lead and pewter have circulated largely as tradesmen’s tokens;
the Malays have a currency of betel-nuts, the Madagascar people of almonds, the
African tribes cowrie-shells, the inhabitants of Yucatan certain seeds of plants,
and the original settlers in Massachusets accounted “musket-balls, full bore,” a
legal tender; so lately as in 1803, teste Captain Marryatt, deer-skins at the
stated value of 40 cents per pound were a legalised mean of barter at Cincinnati,
and if proffered instead of money could not be refused.


xxii MiscellANEous INForMATION.—Exchange, &c. [1845.
The word coin is derived from the Greek word signifying common or current,
and occurs on some Greek money, nominally of Alexander but really of the
Roman emperor Philip. It is a remarkable fact that, notwithstanding high civil
lization, there appears to have existed no money in Egypt anterior to the Persian
occupancy. Cash does not have seemed to have entered into the calculations of a
Pharaoh, and nothing like a coin is found upon sculptures or papyri; Joseph's
“money for the corn” need not have been other than personal ornaments; and
although there are extant an abundance of circular seals or “cartouches”
stamped on burnt clay, we nowhere see the idea carried on to the precious metals.
The earliest known coins, or at least those now in being, bore the indented
square, as the moneys of Ægina; to this soon succeeded simple incusion, as the
wheat-ear of Metapontum, and the bull's head of Phocis. In the progress of
coinage silver seems to have taken precedence, and to have been in its utmost
purity at Athens, which had no gold coins of her own, but contented herself with
the Cyzicenes and Darics of her neighbours, and governed the money market of
the ancient world by the standard of her own just currency. Copper followed at
an early period—perhaps almost simultaneously—to answer the demand for sub-
division, though Athens issued silver coins no heavier than two grains; and gold,
in a race almost equal, was probaby the last; all being of very pure standard, far
exceeding modern notions of a just assay.
By degrees an improvement was made even in coined money, and the mode of
remittances and exchanges by Bills was adopted.
The subject of Exchanges is by many considered abstruse, if not unintelligible.
In itself it is neither. It is a plain, straightforward matter, as simple as the
dealings in corn or sugar. It is merely an affair of adjusting prices between the
buyer and seller, as in the common markets; with this exception, that as the
buyers and sellers of differeent countries use the moneys of those countries to pay
an exact sum, a calculation must be made to what the amount in the one sort is
equal, at such time, in the other.
When the Earchange between two places, such as London and Paris, is at Par,
it is said to be a sign that the debts due from London to Paris are compensated
by those due from Paris to London. On the contrary, when a Premium is paid
at London for a bill upon Paris, it is said to be a sign that the debts due from
London to Paris are not compensated by those due from Paris to London, but
that a balance in money must be sent out from the latter place; for the risk,
trouble, and expense of exporting which, the premium is both demanded and
given. But the ordinary state of debt and credit between those two cities must
necessarily be regulated, it is said, by the ordinary course of their dealings with
one another. When neither of them imports from the other to a greater amount
than it exports to that other, the debts and credits of each may compensate one
another. But when one of them exports to that other, the former necessarily
becomes indebted to the latter in a greater sum than the latter becomes indebted
to it. The debts and credits of each do not compensate one another, and money
must be sent out from that place of which the debts overbalance the credits. The
ordinary course of exchange, therefore, being an indication of the ordinary state of
debt and credit between two places, must likewise be an indication of the ordinary
course of their exports and imports, as these necessarily regulate that state.
The ordinary state of debt and credit between any two places is not always
entirely regulated by the ordinary course of their dealings with one another; but
it is often influenced by that of the dealings of either with many other places.
The just and true exportation for moneys, by bills, is par pro pari, or value for
value.
In foreign exchange, one place always gives another a fixed sum or piece of
money for a variable price. The former is called the certain price, and the latter
the uncertain price. Thus, London is said to give to Paris the certain for the
wncertain, that is, the pound sterling for a variable number of francs; and to
Spain the uncertain for the certain, that is, a variable number of pence sterling,
for the dollar of exchange. The uncertain price, as quoted at any time, is called
the Rate, or Course of Earchange.
When the demand on London for bills on Paris is great, a smaller number of
francs is given for the pound sterling, and the contrary; and when there is a


1845.] Miser:LLANsous INFormation.—Exchange, &c. xxiii
demand for bills on Spain, a greater number of pence sterling must be given for
the dollar, and the contrary,
- The Parqf Exchange may be considered under two general heads, viz., the
Infrinsic. Par and the Commercial Par, each of which admits of subordinate
divisions......:-- - -
e''The Intrinsic Paris the value of the money of one country compared with that
df another, with respect both to weight and fineness.
* The Commercial Par is the comparative value of the moneys of different
countries, according to the weight, fineness, and market prices of the metals.
i:Thus two sums of different countries are intrinsically at par, when they contain
an equal, quantity...of the same kind of pure metal; and two sums of different
countries are commercially at par, when they can purchase an equal quantity of
the same-kind of pure metal.
:::: * If.…." ºr ...º. tº - -
-- - - - - - RULE.
-- , REDucING MoMEY INTo ENGLISH, AND vice versä.
-: Dutch money is reduced to English by saying, as the given rate of exchange
to-flisterliug, so the given Dutch to the sterling sought; and sterling is reduced
to Dutch by:reversing this rule. - -
This rule will apply in all cases by merely substituting the money of other
touritries with the rate of earchange.
£5.5i-ji:*:::: * ~~ EXAMPLES.
Reduce 8,132 guilders or florins, 16 stivers, into sterling; exchange at 10 current
off tº . . . florins, 8 stivers, per poundsterling, * -
iſ, - (= 34s. 8d. Flem.)
§.G.'s, LST. Gull sty. Reverse Rule.
ºffº gº "I 8,132 16 L. G.S. L. Guil. Stiv.
wº, #29. ... ... . 20 As 1 : 10 8 : : 782 : 8,132 16
lºſſ. . . . . —£ When the price is given in Flemish, say,
... 208 . . . 208)162,656(782 - L.Si. Fl. St.
... ". . . . . . ,4 . As 34 8 : 1 * : 8,132 16
--- - 6 20
- 1,705, &c. -
- 208 208)162,656(782
ºtiºn:
*"I'
h; 3:
a, fºwſ
Jud . .
.*.*.*, * : * *.*
tol guis” ... ** ... * * : . . . .
łc 35sir, tº “...:
ºtri tº
3rit 1.3 :
ºf ºf . 2
.gilliº:
buſies ºf .
* fºr
* at 2:3:-


xxiv. Miscellaneous information.—Parliamentary Papers. [1845.
PUBLIC lNCOME AND EXPENDITURE OF THE UNITED
KINGDOM.
AN Account of the PUBLIC IN come AND Expen DITURE of the UNITED
KING|Dom in the Years ending the 5th day of January, 1843 and 1844; dis-,
tinguishing the Actual Payments for the Expenses incurred in the collection:
and management of the Revenue; for the Charges of the Public Debt (Ter-.
minable Annuities valued by Estimate); for Expenses of Civil Government; the
Allowances to the Royal Family, and to His Majesty the King of the Belgians;
the Establishment of the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland; the Expenses of the Two"
Houses of Parliament, and the Civil Departments; the other Pensions on the
Consolidated Fund, on the Gross Revenue, and the Civil List : Also the Pay-
ments for the Administration of Justice; Diplomatic Expenses, and the Pay-
ments on account of the Sums voted for the Army, Navy, Ordnance and Miscel-
laneous Services: Also, Public Works, Bounties, Post-Office, the Quarantine,
and Warehousing Establishments; and all other Payments not coming under
any of the forgoing Heads, and showing the several Items composing each Head
of the Account.
Year ended 5th January, I
IN COM E.
1843 : 1844 :
£ £
CUSTOMS AND EXCISE.” - - 36,140,914 36,569,881
STAMPS:
Bonds and other Instruments - . 1,604,672 1,622,557
Probates and Legacies - - 2,163,564 2,143,127
Insurance { Marine - - - 251,490 253,529
Fire - - - 984,726 987,339
Bills of Exchange, Banker' Notes . - 680,671 673,673
Newspapers and Advertisements - 381,215 391,653
Stage Coaches . - - - 444,215 388,928
Receipts . . - - 180,059 174,756
Other Stamp Duties - - - 449,171 441,190
7,139,783 || 7,076,752
ASSESSED AND LAND TAXES :
Land Taxes - - - 1,172,842 1,159,149 |
Windows - - - . 1,569,344 1,545,281.
Servants . - - - 205,727 200,252
Horses - - - - - - 388,181 || 376,002
Carriages . - - - 442,880 428,904
Dogs. - - - - 159,326 151,857
Additional 10 per cent. - - 296,342 289,403
Other Assessed Taxes - - . 250,768 234,220
- 4,886,410 || 4,385,068
PRoPERTY and INcom E TAX - - 582,038 5,387,455
Post-OFFICE - - - . 1,578,145 1,535,216
CRowN LANDs • - - 368,161 | 409,377 |
Other Ordinary Revenue and other Resources - 825,589 256,065 •
Money from China, under Treaty of August 1842 1,315,208
ToTAL INcom E - - - 51,120,040 |56,935,022 ||
Excess of Expenditure over Income . . 4,075,119 H'
# 55,195,159 |56,935,022
Whitehall, Treasury Chambers,
25th July, 1844. . . - - - -
* For separate items of the Customs Duties, see p. xxxii.


1845.1Misceni,ANEous InfoRMATION.—Parliamentary Papers. xxv.
INCOME AND EXPENDITURE–continued
.. º - * .. Year ended Fifth JAnuary,
... . . . . . . . EXPENDITURE. -
-, * * : 1843. 1844.
| ... REVENUE-CHARGEs of CollecTIon:
; :: Civil-- Customs - - 610,754 617,321
I}epartments Excise -- - 776,734 774,489
- | 1,387,488 1,391,810
Preventive. Service, Land Guard, Revenue, Police
... : Cruizers and Harbour Vessels - - 566,957 572,655
!. , -i-. -
1,954,445 | 1,964,465
- s - - - - 147,440 144,754
*Assessed Taxes - - - 182,867 252,218
Other Ordinary Revenues - - 57,727 57,270
Superannuation and other Allowances - 363,018 364,835
; : --- . . . . ToTAL REVENUE . 2,705,497 2,783,542
i. . . PUBLIC DEBT: -
Interest on Permanent Debt - - 24,489,291 (24,512,753
- inable Annuities - - - 4,071,530 3,924, 184
Management - - - 134,158 135,991
... . . . " - 28,694,979 |28,572,928
hterest on Exchequer Bills - - 725,010 | 688,084
; : ToTAL DEBT . 29,419,989 |29,261,012
* CIVIL GoverNMENT:
vil List—Privy Purse; Salaries of the Household
and Tradesmen's Bills - -
Allowances to the several Branches of the Royal
Family, and to his Royal Highness Leopold Prince
371,800 371,800
r: Coburg (now King of the Belgians)* - 318,000 || 308,423
'Lord Lieutenant of Ireland's Establishment 30,554 26,317
The Salaries and Expenses of the Houses of Parlia-
ment:(including Printing) - - 123,847 106,001
Civil Departments, including Superannuation Allow-
524,773 510,394
ances - - - - -
Other Annuties, Pensions and Superannuation Allow-
ances on the Consolidated Fund and on the Gross
312,641 297,977
Pensions, Civil List - 5,120 5,307
; - - Total Civil Goversment . 1,686,735 | 1,626,219
": JUSTICE: -
;Courts of Justice - - 551,540 580,516
Police and Criminal Prosecutions - - 595,945 566,431
‘Córrection - - 493,117 | 635,515
DIPLOMATIC : ToTAL JUSTICE - 1,640,602 | 1,782,469
Foreign Ministers' Salaries and Pensions - 183,470 178,456
* No part of this Income is at present paid for the use of King Leopold. The trustees, after.
discharging certain Annuities and Pensions to the Servants and Establishment of the late
Princess Charlotte, repay the balance of the Annuity to the Exchequer; the sum so repaid in
the last year was 32,000l. G. CLERK.


xxvi. Miscellaneous InfoRMATIon.—Parliamentary Papers. [1845.
INCOME AND EXPENDITURE–continued.
ExPENDITURE.
Consuls' Salaries and Superannuation Allowances
Disbursements, Outfit
Year ending Fifth January.
ToTAL DIPLoMATIC
FORCES :
Arm Effective ; Charge
rmy l Non-effective; Charge
ToTAL ARMY
Nav Effective; Charge
avy Non-effective; Charge
ToTAL NAvy
Ordnance Effective; Charge .
Non-effective; Charge .
TotAL ORDNANce
ToTAL Forces
Army and Ordnance, Insurrection in Canada
China Expedition - - -
China and India, Army, Navy and Ordnance Services
Opium Compensation - -
Bounties, &c., for promoting Fisheries -
Public Works - - -
Payments out of the Revenue of Crown Lands, for
Improvements and various Public Services
Post Office; Charges of Collection and other Payments
Quarantine and Warehousing Establishments
Miscellaneous, not classed under the foregoing Heads
ToTAL ExPENDITURE
Surplus of Income over Expenditure -
Memorandum :
|- - - - -
The Amount of Terminable Annuities on 5th January
WaS - - - -
In corresponding Perpetuities, as estimated by Mr.
Finlaison - - -
1843. 1845. §
£ £
118,649 || 125,708
42,156 57,262
344,275 || - 361,426.
3,596,222 3,633,471
2,391,699 || 2,363,685
5,987,921 5,997,156
5,231,164 5,199,446
1,408,999 || 1,406,611
6,640,163 | 6,606,057
2,008,474 1,748,346
166,199 || 162,359
2,174,673 1,910,704
14,802,757 |14,513,917
253,343 25,300
830,008 || 416,056
272,921 . . .
1,245,823
19,410 11,286
419,519 405,246
193,607 211,561
967,195 966,834
127,941 130,586
1,511,360 | 1,760,463
55,195,159 |55,501,740
1,433,283
56,935,022
3,989,783 3,924,723
1,597,635 | 1,550,762
2,392,148 || 2,373,961
Difference


1845.] Mrscellaneous information.—Parliamentary Pupers. xxvii
w
* - . .
* - - -, ------------wºº,” “...a.s.-a, -a, rºs.-----
… : THE REVENUE.
- - - - - -
- t ***32. ; , , -
Abstract of the Net Produce of the Revenue of Great Britain, in the Years
: ended the 5th of January, 1844 and 1845, showing the Increase or Decrease
; thereof.
Y ded J r
- Year ended | Year ended ear en . :* o,
* -- : Jan. 5, Jan. 5,
. . . . . . . 1844. 1845. I
t Increase. Dcrease.
f £ 36 f
. . . . . 19,073,219 |20,378,672 1,305,453 . .
Excise -- . . . . . . . . [11,794,807 |12,160,111 365,304 - -
Stamps : . . . . . . . 6,426,155 6,611,390 | 185,235 - -
Taxes; . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,190,486 || 4,216,488 26,002 - -
Property Tax". . . . . 5,249,260 5,191,596 -- 57,664
Post-Office . . . . . . 592,000 || 675,000 83,000 • -
Crown Lands . . . . 117,500 155,000 37,500 --
Miseellaneous . . . . . . 1,634,741 693,630 - - 941,111
* [[: ; ; ; ; ; ; ; -
- - - .
{}{}{..ToTAL: *} 49,078,168 |50,081,887 2,002,494 998,775
*C), tº REvKNUE. . . .
Imprest an other Moneys | 168,523 278,138 109,610 e -
Repayments of Advances . 825,247 875,513 50,266 • *
:*:STOTAL Income . . 50,071,943 |51,235,538 2,162,370 998,775
£43, ... . . . 998,775 1.
ecrease.
The .Amount applied to Increase
Consolidated Fund, exclu- 1,163,595 { On
sive of Advances . . . [34,586,304 37,725,433 “” the Year.
The “Amount applied as
—-Advances . . . . . .
Thé, Amount applied as
part of Ways and Means
£ºof the year . . . . . [14,721,259 |12,646,603
764,380 863,502
§§:ToTAL. . . . . . 50,071,943 |51,235,538
------- - - - - - - - -----


xxviii Miscella NEous InfoRMATIon.—Parliamentary Papers. [1845.
NAVIGATION OF THE UNITED KINGDOM.
NEW WESSELS BUILT.
AN Account of the Number of Vessels, with the Amount of their Tommage, that were Built and
Registered in the several Ports of the British Empire, in the Years ending 5th January 1842,
1843, and 1844, respectively.
=-
In the Years ending 5th January,
1842. 1843. 1844.
Vessels. Tonnage. IVessels. Tommage. IWessels.4 Tonnage.
United Kingdom . . . 1,111 159,57 914 || 129,929 698 83,097
Isles of Guernsey, Jersey, and
Man. . . . . . . 81 8,731 57 3,346 38 2,276
British Plantations - - 668 132,857 558 75,662 386 40,088
Total - - - 1,860 301,166 l 1,529 208,937 l 1,122 125,461
-
Note.—The Account rendered for the Plantations for the Year ended 5th January 1843, is now
corrected; and as several Returns for that part of the Empire are not yet received for the last
Year, a similar correction will be necessary when the next Account is made up.
Custom-House, London, John Covey,
March 22, 1844. Register-General of Shipping.
VESSELS REGISTERED.
AN Account of the Number of Vessels, with the Amount of their Tonnage, and the Number of
Men and Boys usually employed in Navigating the same, that belonged to the several Ports of
the British Empire, on the 31st December, 1841, 1842, and 1843 respectively. .
On 31st December, 1841. On 31st December, 1842. On 31st December, 1843.
Wessels | Tons. Men. Vessels | Tons. Men. Vessels | Tons, Men.
United King- -
dom . . . . 22,747 2,886,626 |167,117|23,207 |2,990,849 |170,628 23, 152 (2,957,437|169,816.
Isles of Guern-
sey, Jersey, s
and Man . 714 48,773 || 5,224 747 50,571 5,39 746 50,144, 5,339
British Plan- -
tations . . 6,591 || 577,081 || 37,857| 6,861 578,430 || 38,585, 7,085 580,806 38,822
º
ºl-lººdies ºutlººlºº 3,559,3871213,977
- -
Custom-House, London, . . John Covey,
March 22, 1844. Register-General of Shipping.
WESSELS EMPLOYED IN THE FOREIGN TRADE.
AN Account of the Number of Vessels, with the Amount of their Tonnage, and the Number of
Men and Boys employed in Navigating the same (including their repeated Voyages),
that entered Inwards and cleared Outwards at the several Ports of the United Kingdom from
and to Foreign Parts, during each of the Three Years ending 5th January, 1844.
*mºmºmºmºsºm-m-m-m-
a shipPING ENTERED INWARDS IN THE UNITED KINGDOM
£ #3 From Foreign Parts.
§:5-
P- 5 # British and Irish Vessels. | Foreign Vessels, Total.
vessels. Tons. Men, l Vess. Tons. Men. Vessels. Tons. Men.
1842. 18,525 3,361,211 || 178,696 || 9,527 | 1,291,165 | 73,634 || 28,052 4,652,376 || 252,330
1843. 18,987 3,294,725 | 178,884|8,054 1,205,303 || 65,952 || 27,041 || 4,500,028 244,836
1844. | 19,500 3,545.346 191,326 le.841 1,301.950 69,791 28,041 14,847,296 261,117
- - - - -
-
SHIPPING CLEARED OUTWARDS FROM THE UNITED KINGDOM.
ºn to 3 To Foreign Parts
#53
-5 - -
: #5| British and Irish Vessels. | Foreign Vessels. Total.
arº
n Vessels. Tons. Men. |vº. Tons. Men. Wessels. | Tons. Men.
1942..! 18,464 || 3,429,729
1843.. 18,785 |3,375,270
1844. | 19,334 3,635,833
186,696 || 9,786 1,336,892 || 75,694 || 28,250 4,766,171 262,390
186,816 || 8,375 1,252,176 | 68,493 || 27,160 4,627,446 255,3
197,976 l 8,709 | 1,341,433 71,718 28,043 4,977,266 269,6
- Custom-House, London, Jon N Covey,
- - -- March 22, 1844. Register-General of Shipping.


1845.] Mrses ºf ANEöus information.—Parliamentay Papers. xxix
: . . . . . . . . .
AN Account of the Produce and Manufactures of the United Kingdom, Exported
: from Great Britain to Foreign Parts, according to the Real or Declared Value
thereof...al
Year ending 5th January.
*- SPECIEs of ExpoRTs.
- 1843 : 1844 :
- - f f
Alum . . . - - 14,593 13,140
Apparel, Slops and Negro Clothing . 538,539 613,671
Arms and Ammunition - 383,606 387,928
Bacon and Hams 43,478 49,888
Beef and Pork, salted 41,838 36,598
Beer and Ale . - 339,629 379,045
Books, Printed - - 131,806 146,574
Brass and Copper Manufactures 1,810,714 | 1,644,048
Bread:and Biscuit. . w 4,630 3,528
Butter and Cheese • 168,861 178,835
Cabinet and Upholstery Wares 75,042 79,350
Coals and Culm - - 730,279 687,804
Cordage . . - - - - 71,299 93,199
Corn, Grain, Meal and Flour 45,975 36,918
Cotton Manufactures . 13,898,663 |16,249,268
Yarn . 7,771,464 7,193,771
Cows and Oxen - 4,124 6,949
Earthenware of all sorts 555,267 628,783
Fish of all sorts - 248,301 319,951
Glass of all sorts • 308,064 339,189
Haberdashery and Millinery . 603,995 718,064
Hardwares and Cutlery . - 1,398,082 1,745,260
|Hats, Beaver and Felt - - 62,906 67,231
|*—of all other sorts - - 48,954 48,141
Hops - 17,513 12,720
Horses - - • 107,223 104,274
Iron and Steel, Wrought and Unwrought 2,454,350 2,586,136
Lardº - - - 10,429 13,105
Lead and Shot - ; 354,590 251,900
Ileather, Wrought and Unwrought 316,493 369,082
Saddlery and Harness . 79,755 90,251
Linen Manufactures 2,325,549 2,783,629
— Yarn - - 915,064 819,450
Machinery and Mill-work - 554,653 712,214
Mathematical and Optical Instruments 22,761 28,338
Molasses - • 55,464 45,926
Mules . - - 1,468 1,681
Musical Instruments - - 61,606 71,812
Oil, Hempseed, Linseed, and Rape seed 85,691 55,205
— Train, of Greenland Fishery 2,714 3,314
Painters' Colours . - - 185,978 202,563
Plate, Plated Ware, Jewellery, and Watches 201,340 171,898
Potatoes - --- - - - 9,109 5,347
Salt . - - - 195,539 207,952
Saltpetre, British refined - 26,625 45,209
Seeds of all sorts - • 8,511 9,495
Silk Manufactures - 590,166 667,938
Soap and Candles 289,471 310,230
Soda . . - 51,472 93,797
rspirits . 11,849 13,010
—iº


xxx MiscellANEous InfoRMATIow.—Parliamentary Papers.
[1845.
ExpoRTs of PRoduce AND MANUFACTUREs—continued.
to Foreign Parts .
Kingdom, Exported from Great Britain
Year ending 5th January.
SPECIEs of ExpoRTs. |--
1843: 1844 :
f £
Stationery of all sorts - 247,137 264,244
Sugar, Refined - - 440,025 413,652
Tin, Unwrought . . 200,956 || 110,481
— and Pewter Wares and Tin Plates - 363,604 427,631
Tobacco (Manufactured) and Snuff - - 11,384 11,326.
Tongues - - - - 3,286 4,048
Umbrellas and Parasols 52,456 62,261
Whalebone • 2,753 1,674
Wool, Sheep's - 456,140 351,321
— of other sorts - 13,511 18,725
Woollen and Worsted Yarn 637,305 742,838
Woollen Manufactures 5 183,404 || 6 789,943
All other Articles - 1 165,189 || 1 390,303
ToTAL Real or Declared Value of the Pro -
duce and Manufactures of the United £47,012,651 |51,932,056
. . . . . ~~


1845;} Misogiº, annous, HNFORMATION.—Parliamentary Papers. xxxi
ExPORTS OF FOREIGN AND COLONIAL MERCHANDIZE FROM
THE UNITED KINGDOM. -
An Account of the Exports of the Principal Articles of Foreign and Colonial
Merchandise, in the the Year ended 5th January, 1844, compared with the
Exports of the preceding Year. .
— — . . ~ * Quantities Exported.
1 * > : . :
º Articles. Year ended 5th January.
ºf . , , . . . . 1843. 1844.
*— -
: - !
Cöcoã. . . - . ib. 635,125 568,470
Coffee, viz. –Produce of the British Posses-
'sions. . . . . . . . ! . e . lb. 62,857 125,824
... ." Foreign . . . . . lb. 9,442,777 |12,557,619
Corn; viz.--Wheat . • qrs. 45,930 48,040
... Barley - - - qrs. 13,755 4,445
zº Qats . . . * * • ... qrs. 54,955 41,998
*"Wheatmeal and Flour . - cwt. 66,094 45,288
Tyes and Dyeing Stuffs, viz.:-
Cochineal e - . cwt. 5,390 5,626
ii. ºſhdigo ...” - - - cwt. 45,795 || 36,960
Lac-dye • • . cwt. 2,597 3,279
Logwood - e - tons 3,834 2,649
iz:x: , unwrought ... " *'''. cwt. 6,824 || " 1,759
Iron, in bars or unwrought • tons 2,159 3,986
Steel, unwrought . y . cwt. 19,162 29,137
Lead, pig e e - tons 1,836 2,440
Spelter . • - ... tons 1,910 6,445
Tin . - - - cwt. 12,412 13,007
Oil, olive - • - . tuns 696 399
Opium . - - - lb. 126,515 320,947
Quicksilver - - - . lb. 1,457,443 1,286,922
Rice, not in the husk - - cmt. 311,180 207,329
Spices, viz.-Cassia Lignea - . lb. 1,247,496 1,986,413
Cinnamon - - - lb. 368,554 422,505
Cloves . - - ... lb. 54,556 26,504
Mace - - • b. 2,688 9,701
Nutmegs - • . lb. 85,174 36,365
Pepper - - • lb. 5,573,830 2,651,650
Pimento . - e . cwt. 12,701 21,200
Spirits, viz.—Rum . gallons (including overproof) 723,423 1,079,250
Brandy . gallons (including overproaf) 702,638 767,460
Geneva ... gallons (including overproof) 316,180 317,706
Sugar, unrefined, viz.:-
Of the British Possessions in America . cwt. 4,531 4,937
Of Mauritius . - - cwt. 1,525 197
East India, of British Possessions. . cwt. 4,516 4,922
Foreign of all sorts - - cwt. 391,315 563,587
Tobacco, unmanufactured . - . lb. 12,320,272 8,702,762
Foreign manufactured, and Snuff . lb. 611,954 764,270
Wine, viz. –Cape - e gallons 3,387 1,624
French - - ... gallons 147,439 143,554
Other sorts. - - gallons | 1,360,606 | 1,207,979
Wool, Cotton, viz.:-
Of the British Possessions - cwt. 196,591 160,510
Of other parts . - . cwt. 207,438 193,240
Wool, Sheep and Lambs' - - lb. 3,637,789 2,961,282


xxxii
[1845.
MiscellANEous information.—Parliamentary Papers.
QUANTITIES IMPORTED, &c.
AN Account of the Imports of the Principal Articles of Foreign and Colonial Mer-
chandise, of the Consumption of such Articles, and of the Customs Duties received
thereon, in the year ended 5th January, 1844, compared with the Imports, Con-
sumption, and Receipts of the preceding year.
--
.
Quantities Imported. º: entered for Gross Amount of Duty
ome Consumption. received.
ARTICLEs, Year ended 5th Jan. Year ended 5th Jan. Year ended 5th Jan.
1843. 1844. 1843. 1844. 1843. 1844.
Animals, living: viz. – +’ &
Oxen and bulls number 3,156 1,114 3,165 1,114 3,327 1,167
Cows - - . number 1,038 367 1,046 367 813 275
Calves - - number 70 40 76 40 38 18
Sheep - . number 634 210 638 210 99 23
Lambs - number 10 7 10 7 1 --
Swine and hogs , number 410 359 415 359 98 69
Bacon . - cwt. 520 710 402 794 165 191
Barilla and Alkali tons 2,165 2,860 2,139 2,267 1,440 892
Bark for Tanners’ or Dyers' use cut. 645,747 838,887 640,413 838,088 13,426 11,255
Beef, Salted, not Corned :-
Of British Possessions cwt. 6,219 15,509 1,649 2,255 263 237
Foreign - - cwt, 23,702 45,382 5,433 1,045 2,806 447
Beef, Fresh or slightly salted cwt. 102 60 96 35 39 14
Butter - - . cwt. 175,197 152,260 | 180,480 148,288 188,025 | 151,903
Cheese . - cwt. 179,748 179,568 180,584 166,584 A 99,444 91,656
Cocoa lb. 3,172,351 3,613,952 2,247,821 2,541,691 13,363 11, 137
Coffee;—
Of British Possession lb. 20,481,655 18,238,560 17,337,956 20,178,845 355,337 353,170
Foreign - - lb. 20,962,759 20,666,886 |11,229,201 || 9,852,761 414,248 344,818
Total of Coffee . 41,444,414 |38,905,446 |28,567,157 |30,031,606 769,585 697,988
-*m-mm-
Corn:— |
Wheat . qrs. 2,717,454 940,666 2,668,051 869,149 1,112,510 604,742
Barley qrs. 73,335 179,484 49,967 223,543 22,298 76,695
Oats qrs. 301,272 85,010 282,544 41,963 85,082 12,958
Rye . qrs. 14,508 4,872 28,516 2,724 7,687 898
Pease qrs, 92,938 48,634 80,451 45,218 27,229 17,139
Beams . - qrs. 126,443 47,999 43,279 45,702 19,042 23,832
Maize, or Indian Corm qrs, 35,806 518 19,617 10,225 8,476 3,233
Buckwheat . qrs. 9 2 9 2 2 y I
Malt - - qrs. 115
Beer or Bigg - qrs. -- - - - - -- -- --
Wheatmeal or Flour cwt, 1,129,852 439,832 1,125,799 426,704 93,287 23,571
Barley Meal cwt. -- - - -- - - -- --
Oatmeal . - cwt. 19,069 5,811 20,262 5,534 1,254 || 3: 342
Rye Meal . x cwt. -- -- - - - - -- -.
Indian Meal - . cwt. 1,934 l 7 1 1
Dyes and Dying Stuffs, viz.:-
Cochineal - - cwt. 11,77 10,359 5,396 7,388 284 389
Indigo - - cwt. 83,823 68,415 27,932 24,544 15,871 1,868
Lac-dye . - cwt, 6,534 10,689 7,484 6,930 879 364
Logwood tons 18,481 20,892 16,882 20,422 2,642 2, 146
Madder , cwt. 86,382 139,143 94,295 148,791 5,217 3,936
Madder Root cwt. 82,879 102,216 84,788 102,194 1,858 1,34
Shumac . - - tons 9,122 12,917 9,318 12,777 490 67.1
Eggs . *— . . " number 89,548,747 |70,448,250 89,557,501 70,448,250 32,652 25,684
Fish § Foreign Taking. lad >
Eels - ships ladin 72 81 - -
- - ** {{ w I 72 *}|} 985 (1,106
Turbots . cwt. 64 86 64 86 17 23
Oysters - bushels - I l -
Salmon cwt. 80 955 25 847 13 445
E.


1845.]
XXX111
MiscellANEous INForMATION.—Parliamentary Papers.
QUANTITIES IMpoRTED, &c.—continued.
- a - Quantities entered for Gross Amount of Duty
Quantities Imported. Home Consumption. received.
Articles, Year ended 5th Jan. Year ended 5th Jam. || Year ended 5th Jan.
1843. 1844. 1843. 1844. 1843. 1844.
Fish—continued, 36 sº
Soles . - cwt. 15 15 4
Turtle - - . cwt. 157 327 158 327 42 86
{...} º: otherwise described cwt. 126 766 126; 745 7 41
ured, ditto - - cwt. 36 543 36 519 4 5 A
Flax and Tow, or Codilla of - - -, A-
Hemp and Fia. . º cut | 1,145,759 1,142,467 1,148,741 1,439,574 5,053 6,318
Fruits: viz. –
Currants . : cwt. 267,086 238,414 196,522 || 254,744 228,705 206,461
Figs - - *::: 29,854 34,033 22,949 32,450 18,073 25,556
chests or boxes 377,380 337,986 336,033 284,144
tº: º { number (loose) 3.331 33 go! 37.3'ſ 20,401 |} 71,596 60,570
ºranges. at value 362,045 361,295 368,760 €7,461
- - . cwt. 212,218 216,526 186,683 - 237,474 147,014 186,990
Gloves, Leather . - pairs 1,623,713 1,882, 182 1,592,034 1,839,429 27,465 28,567
Hams - - cwt. 7,835 6,991 5,101 3,985 3.859 2,592
Hemp, undressed cwt. 585,905 | 732,077 614,074 698,472 2,687 3,057
Hides, untamned . cwt. 610,428 587,130 535,202 537,467 26,489 7,695
Rºsº d or fresh, not tons 16,938 20,407 16,775 24,243 14, 136 10,368
a Saited or tresin, no
otherwise described” º cwt. 36 191 14 34 5 9
§º - cwt. 486,463 616,656 533,358 454,437 255,513 || 214,750
etals: viz. –
cº Ore h tons *::::: 55,598 lsº ! **, lsº 64,343
— Unwrought - cu't. 180 2,550 2 5
Iron, in bars, unwrought tons 13.70. 13 soft 14,745 12,083 || 17,233 12,637
Steel, unwrought . . cwt, 13,080 31,951 182 283 25 57
Lead, pig and sheet . tons 2,461 2,774 56 107 60 113
# ºl is, ingots, bars tons 6,072 10, 173 2,806 4, 125 2,067 223
** msº *} out. 11, 112 || 31,230 461 2,121 146 644
Oil: viz.-
*...****} tuns 17,473 28,859 16,673 23,424 | 1,057 33,752
Palm cut. 424,242 420,277 356,222 383,025 13,641 10,056
Cocoa-nut cwt. 49,742 68,577 27,400 34,129 1,226 1,209
Olive tuns 14,095 12,139 9,557 10,128 28,347 21,793
§". Ited: Jö. 72,373 244,215 47,861 32,160 2,513 1,730
rk, saited :-
of British Possession cwt. 15,242 11,663 7,821 4, 178 879 439
P . - - : 38,921 15,304 8,553 1,981 4,157 832
ork, fres - exce. 13 - - 13 - - 1 :
Quicksilver - 1b. 2,006,911 2,090,507 259,259 253,241 1,134 1,108
Rice. - - . cwt. 51 1,414 || 453,379 252,486 || 259,201 10,305 8,036
Rice in the Husk . ---> qrs. 41,420 19,877 39,983 19, 152 391 6,825
§: etre and Cubic Nitre cwt. 417,722 || 624,006 346,125 | 385,675 9,084 10,123
eds : viz. –
Clover - - cwt. 109,090 76,253 160,447 70,643 163,839 37,047
Flaxseed and Linseed qrs. | * 367,700 469,642 357,963 468,159 5,217 2,072
Silk pe . - - qrs. 65,686 88,091 68,478 86,831 941 381
1. : viz. – -
Raw. - - - lº. 3,951,773 3,464,373 3,936,714 3,649.3% 17,226 15,967
Waste, Knubs and Husks cut. 12,824 . 13,312 12,809 13,352 673 701
stº ºf E. lb. 397,407 384,805 363,977 335,113 40,080 17,941
l an res of Europe; viz. – -
Silk or Satin, plain º 140,716 || 153,831 120,597 143,785 69,677 83,046
- figured or brocaded Jö. 04,256 97,838 87,247 91,528 70,297 73,951
Gauze, *. figured oi Jö. 2,230 4,433 1,951 2,735 1,74: 2,442
- s e ured or : o
;..." } tº. 4,665 9,103 4,442 6,492 6,418, 9,873
— Tissue Foulards lb. 397 632 381 648 360, 610
Crape, plain d - %. 2,829 | *; i 2,271 2,587 1,908 | 2,174
— figure - 30 ; 28 37 77 ; 34 73
Velvet, #. lb. 15,637 16,084 14, 180 13,374 16,374 15,450
h figured . - lb. 2,983 2,615 2,789 2,848 ; º
Other sorts - - 41 3,144
Silk Manufactures of º- | i > x
*...***}pieces. 33.7:6 so so. 0.2s2 98,497' 2,600 4,058
Other sorts - 2,49 ( , 9,320
t;


xxxiv
[1845.
Misceli,Aneous is on M 	iox. —Parliamentary Papers.
QuANTITIES IMpontºn, &c.— continued.
-->-
: Quantities entered for |Gross Amount of Duty
Quantities Imported.
Iłome Consumption.
received.
Articles. | Year ended 5th Jan. Year ended 5th Jan. Year ending 5th Jan.
1843. 1851 1 < 1.3. 1 - | 1. 18 13. 1814.
Skins: viz. – | - :
Goat, undressed . . number 455,521 : 515, 115. 352, 16- 113,216 550 351
Kid, undressed - number 81,510 91.505 77.913 100,571 13 : 12
— dressed . number 180,313 - 4 16.; 72 477,727 4 * 1.501 1,006 : 1,200
Lamb, undressed . number 822,042 1,292.310 854,800 1,316, 127 150 234
- anned, tawed or : - - - x -. - -
*::::: edi o } number 7,728 10,391 . (i,532 7, 101 27 35
Spices; viz. – -
Cassia Lignea. !h. 1,312,80ſ 2,363,613 121,561 l 12, 106 1,701 1,745
Cinnamon . - ll. 223,166 406,387 17,012 17, 196 327 264 |
Cloves » - - //). 32,421, 120,871 00,673 100,0:3t; 2,380 2,628 |
Mace - - //). ' 13,770 28, 11.2 : 1ſ;,0,13 20,371 2, 196 2,674
Nutmegs - 1/). 169,241 208, 161 170,0ſit; 168, 461 22:010 20,562
Pepper - - ll. 6,021,200 1,082.955 2,680,686 2,790,069 70,376 73,252
Pimento - cu't. 16,250 18,920 4,050 3,585 1,817 | 942
Spirits: viz. – | - |
Rum . galls. (incl. orer proof | 4,619.801 3,720,673 , 2,008,289 2.103.989 979,237 982,034
Brandy galls. , , ditto . 1,671,436 2,396,340 1,083,080 1,038,911 1,236,065 : 1,186,102
Geneva galls. ,, ditto . 323,744 360,220 | 1 4,5-0 13,899 16,632 | 15,830
Sugar, Unrefined; viz.- - :
Of the IBritish Possessions ----- - -- . . . . ix, y - in - , , , - - -:
iº. - } cwt. 2,308.910 a.º.º. 2.2008; 2.34.10 2.8.20% alºnial
Of Mauritius - . cwt. 689,335 477, 124 | 700,445 155.512 $82,562 573,048
Sast India of British Pos- - -- * * • , s: - - 1: , , , , -, *, ' , o,
sessions - } cut. 910, 152 1,101,751 936,211 | 1,056, 183 lºss 1,331,246
Foreign of all Sorts . cu't. 617,31 ; 930,896 105 76 347 i 252
| - -
Total of Sugar . 4,756,011 5,022,348 3,876, 148 | 4,015,181 4,881,832 5,097,177
| - -
Tallow - - . cwt. 1,011,370 1,169,864 1,034, 160 1,175,515 171,105 194,081
Tar - - - lasts 10,618 13,973 10,801 13,306 1.979 1,747
º d wood • . - lb. 10,742,128 15,344,449 (37,389,576 10,302,981 4,089,531 4,408,024
illnner an ood; viz. – - | -
Battens and Batten §: - -- ~f -- - -- --
Foreign, entered by Tale (". 6, )77 , 68 0,586 | 252 l 107 ,606 : 2,823
Battens and Batten Ends, i l -
of British America, by ('. 2,156 | 1,624 - ; 2,242 -
Tale - | i :
Boards, Deals, Deal Ends | | : -
and Plank, Foreign, en- C. 15,157 250 17,417 409, 352,270 6,071
tered by Tale 3. i | -
Deals and Deal ends of Bri- - i -
tish America, by Tale C. 21,044 13,400 - 23,896 |
Deals, Battens, Boards or other
Timber, or Wood sawm or split:
Of British Possessions, loads 110,319 341,87 170,781 346,986 17,947 36, 453
* Foreign y loads 48,715 268,618 55,874 229,078 111,394 421,873
loads A- r 24.600 -
Staves . - ong § | 56,583 # 58,661 } 27,597 24,023
- - - » • * » --
Timber or Wood, not being arti-
cles sawn or split, or otherwise !
dressed, except hewn, and not |
otherwise charged with Duty: | |
of British Possessions, loads 377,004 583,448 416,478 606,691 71,166 31,906
Tob Foreign - loads 102,117 : 126,252 107,034 121,691 260,961 i 179,919
obacco :— !
Unmanufactured - lb. 39,526,968 43,744,893 :22,152,691 |22,801,526 3,488,967 3,605,107
Manufactured, and Snuff lb. 811,064 1,137,531 225,369 263,813 106,470 124,607
2 » | > w 3 > »
Turpentine, Common . cwt. 408,474 473,447 453,572 473,379 19,826 2,085
! | -
Wine : viz. – -
Cape • - ... gallons 303,223 116,580 371,230 332,739 53,621 48,054
French • . gallons 508,942 480,406 382,581 347,457 110,099 99,927
Other sorts - ... gallons 6,403,948 6,176,809 || 4,320,521 5,607,267 1,245,426 1,618, 135
Total of Wine . 7,216,113 6,773,795 5,074,332 6,287,453 1,409,146 1,766,116
. |


1845.] MiscellANEous INForMATION.—Parliamentary Papers. xxxv.
QUANTITIES IMpoRTED, &c.—continued.
Quantities entered for Gross Amount of Duty
Quantities Imported. |}|. Consumption. received,
-----
|
i
ARTICLEs. Year ended 5th Jan. Year ended 5th Jan. Year ended 5th Jan.
|--
1843 1844 1843 | 1814 | 1845 1844
I
1– -
Wool, Cotton : viz. – ;
Of British Possession . cwt. 834,381 591,581 625,650 421,378 10,949 7,374
Foreign - - cwt. 3,913,388 5,428,035 3,648,848 4,809,954 557,507 || 736,528
;
Total of Cotton Wool . 4,747,769 6,019,616 4,266,498 5,231,332 568,456 743,002
2 98,797
95,213
55,434 502,025
5
Wool, Sheep and Lambs . lb. 45,881,639 |49,324,924 14,623,319 18,656,829
Other Articles . - - - - : -- - - | --
i - 422,596,263 º
The foregoing Statement is founded upon Returns transmitted monthly throughout the current year to
the Inspector-general of Imports and Exports from the different ports of the United Kingdom. Such
Returns exhibit the gross quantities of Articles entered for consumption, and the gross amount of duty
thereon, without reference to deductions for over-entries, &c. This Statement will therefore not agree, in
all points, with the annual Statement to be compiled after the final adjustment of the Custom-house
Records shall have been made.


xxxvi MiscELLANEous INForMATION.—Table of Statutes. [1845.
A TABLE of all the Statutes passed in the Fourth Session of the Fourteenth
Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. 7th and
8th Vict. [18 1.]
PUBLIC (; ENERAL ACTS.
1. An Act to enlarge the Powers of an Act of the Fourth and Fifth Years of
Her present Majesty, empowering the Commissioners of Her Majesty's Woods
to raise Money for certain Improvements in the Metropolis, on the Security of
the Land Revenues of the Crown within the County of Middlesex and City of
London.
2. An Act for the more specdy Trial of Offences committed on the High Seas.
3. An Act to stay Proceedings for Three Calendar Months, and till the End of
the present Session of Parliament, in certain Actions under the Provisions of
several Statutes for the Prevention of excessive Gaming, and to prevent any Pro-
ceedings being taken under those Statutes during such limited Time.
4. An Act for transferring Three Pounds, Ten Shillings per Centum per Annum
Annuities One thousand eight hundred and eighteen into Añº, uities of Three
Pounds Five Shillings per Centum per Annum and New Three Pouilds per Centum
per Annum Annuities.
5. An Act for transferring certain Annuities of Three Pounds Ten Shillings per
Centum per Annum and Government Debentures into Annuities of Three Pounds
Five Shillings per Centum per Annum and New Three Pounds per Centum per
Annum Annuities.
6. An Act to apply the Sum of Eight Millions out of the Consolidated Fund
to the Service of the Year One thousand eight hundred and forty-four.
7. An Act to indemnify Witnesses who may give evidence during this Session
before either House of Parliament touching Gaming Transactions.
8. An Act to facilitate the Recovery, by summary Process, of small Sums due
to the Teachers of Schools in Ireland.
9. An Act for Punishing Mutiny and Desertion, and for the better Payment of
the Army and their Quarters.
10. An Act to indemnify such Persons in the United Kingdom as have omitted
to qualify themselves for Offices and Employments, and to extend the Time limited
for those Purposes respectively until the Twenty-fifth Day of March One thousand
eight hundred and forty-five.
11. An Act for the Regulation of iler Majesty's Royal Marine Forces while on
shore.
12. An Act to amend the Law relating to International Copyright.
13. An Act to extend until the First Day of January One thousand eight
hundred and forty-five, and to the End of the then next Session of Parliament,
the Time within which Conveyances may be made on behalf of the Crown of, and
Disputes settled with regard to, Encroachments in the Forest of Dean.
14. An Act for raising the Sum of Eighteen millions four hundred and seven
thousand three hundred Pounds by Exchequer Bills for the Service of the Year
One thousand eight hundred and forty-four.
15. An Act to amend the Laws relating to Labour in Factories.
16. An Act to amend the Laws relating to the Customs.
17. An Act for giving additional Powers to the Commissioners for the Relief of
certain of Her Majesty's Colonies and Plantations in the West Indies.
18. An Act to remove Doubts as to the Power of appointing, convening, and
confirming the Sentences of Courts-martial in the East Indies.
19. An Act for regulating the Bailiffs of Inferior Courts.
20. An Act to amend an Act of the First and Second Years of Her present
Majesty, for securing the Debt due by the City of Edinburgh to the Public.
21. An Act to reduce the Stamp Duties on Policies of Sea Insurance and on
certain other Instruments, and to repeal the Duties on certain Bonds, and the Law
requiring Public Notaries in Ireland to deliver Accounts of Bills and Notes noted
by them.


1845.] MiscELLANEous INFORMATION.—Table of Statutes. xxxvii
22. An Act to amend the Laws now in use for preventing Frauds and Abuses in
the marking of Gold and Silver Wares in England.
23. An Act to continue for Five Years an Act of the Second and Third Years of
Her present Majesty, for the better Prevention and Punishment of Assaults in
Ireland.
24. An Act for abolishing the Offences of forestalling, regrating, and engrossing,
and for repealing certain Statutes passed in restraint of Trade.
25. An Act to repeal the Duty of Excise on Winegar, and to make the Duties
and Drawbacks now payable on Flint Glass the same as on Bottle Glass.
26. An Act for authorizing Her Majesty to carry into immediate Execution, by
Orders in Council, any Treaties for the Suppression of the Slave Trade.
27. An Act to explain and amend an Act of the last Session of Parliament,
intituled An Act for extending to Ireland the Provisions not already in force there,
of an Act of the Third and Fourth Years of the Reign of the late King William
the Fourth, intituled “An Act for the Limitation of Actions and Suits relating to
Real Property, and for simplifying the Remedies for trying the Rights thereto ;’
and to explain and amend the said Act.
28. An Act for granting to Her Majesty, until the Fifth Day of July One
thousand eight hundred and forty-five, certain Duties on Sugar imported into the
United Kingdom, for the Service of the Year One thousand eight hundred and
forty-four.
29. An Act to extend an Act of the Ninth Year of King George the Fourth,
for the more effectual Prevention of Persons going armed by Night for the Destruc-
tion of Game.
30. An Act to alter and amend an Act of the Fifty-third Year of King George
the Third, for the Appointment of a Stipendiary Magistrate to act within the
Townships of Manchester and Salford.
31. An Act for the warehousing of Foreign Goods for Home Consumption at
the Borough of Manchester in the County of Lancaster.
32. An Act to regulate the Issue of Bank Motes, and for giving to the Governor
and Company of the Bank of England certain Privileges for a limited Period.
33. An Act for facilitating the Collection of County Rates, and for relieving
High Constables from Attendance at Quarter Sessions in certain Cases, and from
certain other Duties.
34. An Act to amend and continue until the First Day of September One thou-
sand eight hundred and sixty-one, and to the End of the then next Session of Par-
liament, the Law with respect to Prisons and Prison Discipline in Scotland.
35. An Act to suspend until the Thirty-first Day of August One thousand
eight hundred and forty-five the making of Lists and the Ballots and Enrolments
for the Militia of the United Kingdom.
36. An Act to continue until the Thirty-first Day of July One thousand eight
hundred and forty-five, and to the End of the then Session of Parliament, certain
Acts for regulating Turnpike Roads in Ireland.
37. An Act to secure the Terms on which Grants are made by Her Majesty
out of the Parliamentary Grant for the Education of the Poor; and to explain the
Act of the Fifth Year of the Reign of Her present Majesty, for the Conveyance
of Sites for Schools.
38. An Act to amend an Act of the last Session, to consolidate and amend the
Laws for the Regulation of Charitable Loan Societies in Ireland.
39. An Act to exempt from the Payment of Property Tax the Dividends on
certain Annuities of Three Pounds Ten Shillings per Centum per Annum payable
for the Quarter of the Year ending the Tenth Day of October One thousand eight
hundred and forty-four.
40. An Act to continue until the First Day of October One thousand eight
hundred and forty-five, and to the End of the then Session of Parliament, the
Exemption of Inhabitants of Parishes, Townships, and Villages from Liability to
be rated as such, in respect of Stock in Trade or other Property, to the Relief of
the Poor.
41. An Act to continue until the First Day of August One thousand eight
hundred and forty-five, and to the End of the then Session of Parliament, certain
Turnpike Acts.


xxxviii MiscellANEous INForMATION.—Table of Statutes. [1845.
42. An Act to continue until the First Day of October One thousand eight
hundred and forty-five, and to the End of the then Session of Parliament, Two
Acts relating to the Removal of poor Persons born in Scotland and Ireland, and
chargeable to Parishes in England.
43. An Act to amend the Laws relating to the Customs in the Isle of Man.
44. An Act to facilitate the disjoining or dividing of extensive or populous
Parishes, and the erecting of new Parishes, in that Part of the United Kingdom
called Scotland.
45. An Act for the Regulation of Suits relating to Meeting Houses and other
Property held for religious Purposes by Persons dissenting from the United Church
of England and Ireland.
46. An Act to continue, until the Fifth Day of April One thousand eight hun-
dred and forty-six, Compositions for Assessed Taxes; and to amend certain Laws
relating to Duties under the Management of the Commissioners of Stamps and
Taxes.
47. An Act to amend and continue for Five Years, and to the End of the next
Session of Parliament, certain Acts relating to Linen, Hempen, and other Manu-
factures in Ireland.
48. An Act to repeal certain Acts for regulating the Trade in Butter and Cheese.
49. An Act for the better Regulation of Colonial Posts.
50. An Act to extend the Powers of the Act for encouraging the Establishment
of District Courts and Prisons.
51. An Act to continue, until the End of the Session of Parliament next after
the Thirty-first Day of July One thousand eight hundred and forty-six, certain
of the Allowances of the Duty of Excise on Soap used in Manufactures.
52. An Act to extend the Powers of the Act for the Appointment and Payment
of Parish Constables.
53. An Act for Disfranchisement of the Borough of Sudbury.
54. An Act to continue until the First Day of October One thousand eight
hundred and forty-five, and to the End of the then Session of Parliament, the
Act to amend the Laws relating to Loan Societies.
55. An Act to amend and explain the Acts for the Commutation of certain
Manorial Rights in respect of Lands of Copyhold and Customary Tenure, and in
respect of other Lands subject to such Rights; and for facilitating the Enfran-
chisement of such Lands, and for the Improvement of such Tenure.
56. An Act concerning Banns and Marriages in certain District Churches or
Chapels.
º An Act to continue until the Thirty-first Day of December One thousand
eight hundred and forty-six, and to the End of the then next Session of Parliament,
an Act of the Tenth Year of King George the Fourth, for providing for the
Government of His Majesty's Settlements in Western Australia on the Western
Coast of New Holland.
58. An Act further to stay, until the End of the next Session of Parliament,
Proceedings in certain Actions under the Provisions of several Statutes for the
Prevention of excessive Gaming; and to prevent any similar Proceedings being
taken under those Statutes during such further limited Time.
59. An Act for better regulating the Offices of Lecturers and Parish Clerks.
60. An Act to provide for the Care and Preservation of Trafalgar Square in the
City of Westminster.
61. An Act to annex detached Parts of Counties to the Counties in which they
are situated.
62. An Act to amend the Law as to burning Farm Buildings.
63. An Act to continue until the First Day of June One thousand eight hun-
dred and forty-five an Act of the Second and Third Years of His late Majesty, for
restraining for Five Years, in certain Cases, Party Processions in Ireland.
64. An Act to provide for paying off such of the Three Pounds Ten Shillings
per Centum Annuities and Government Debentures which are to be paid off under
Two Acts passed in the present Session of Parliament.
65. An Act to enable the Council of His Royal Highness Albert Edward Prince
of Wales to sell and exchange Lands aud enfranchise Copyholds, Parcel of the
Possessions of the Duchy of Cornwall, to purchase other Lands; and for other
Purposes.


1845.] MiscELLANEoUs INForMATION.—Table of Statutes. xxxix
66. An Act to amend the Laws relating to Aliens.
67. An Act to transfer the Collection of the Duty on Licences to let Horses
for Hire in Ireland from the Commissioners of Stamps to the Commissioners of
Excise.
68. An Act to suspend, until the Thirty-first Day of December One thousand
eight hundred and forty-seven, the Operation of the new Arrangement of Dioceses,
so far as it affects the existing Ecclesiastical Jurisdictions, and for obtaining
Returns from and the Inspection of the Registries of such Jurisdictions.
69. An Act for amending an Act passed in the Fourth Year of the Reign of
His late Majesty, intituled An Act for the better Administration of Justice in His
Majesty's Privy Council; and to extend its Jurisdiction and Powers.
70. An Act for facilitating Arrangements between Debtors and Creditors.
71. An Act for the better Administration of Criminal Justice in Middlesex.
72. An Act to clear up Doubts as to the Regulation and Audit of the Accounts
of the Customs in New South Wales.
73. An Act to reduce, under certain Circumstances, the Duties payable upon
Books and Engravings.
74. An Act to explain and amend the Act for the Government of New South
Wales and Van Diemen's Land.
75. An Act to defray until the First Day of August One thousand eight hun-
dred and forty-five the Charge of the Pay, Clothing, and contingent and other
Expences of the Disembodied Militia in Great Britain and Ireland; to grant
Allowances in certain Cases to Subaltern Officers, Adjutants, Paymasters, Quar-
termasters, Surgeons, Assistant Surgeons, Surgeons’ Mates, and Serjeant Majors
of the Militia; and to authorize the Employment of the Non-commissioned
Officers.
76. An Act to simplify the Transfer of Property.
77. An Act to amend so much of an Act of the Fifth and Sixth Years of His
late Majesty as relates to the Salary of the Clerk of the Crown in Chancery; and
to make other Provisions in respect of the said Office.
78. An Act to continue for One Year an Act of the Second and Third Years
of Her present Majesty, intituled An Act to extend and render more effectual for
Five Years an Act passed in the Fourth Year of His late Majesty George the
Fourth, to amend an Act passed in the Fiftieth Year of His Majesty George the
Third, for preventing the administering and taking unlawful Oaths in Ireland.
79. An Act to appoint additional Commissioners for executing the Acts for
granting a Land Tax and other Rates and Taxes.
80. An Act for completing the Guarantee Fund of the South Sea Company, for
advancing for the Public Service Part of the unclaimed Stock and Dividends in the
Hands of the said Company, and for regulating the Allowance to be paid for the
Management of the South Sea Stock and Annuities.
81. An Act for Marriages in Ireland; and for registering such Marriages.
82. An Act to continue for Five Years so much of an Act of the Second and
Third Years of Her present Majesty, as enables Justices to grant Warrants for
entering Places in which Spirits are sold without Licence in Ireland.
83. An Act to amend the Laws relating to Savings Banks, and to the Purchase
of Government Annuities through the Medium of Savings Banks.
84. An Act for regulating the Construction and the Use of Buildings in the
Metropolis and its Neighbourhood.
85. An Act to attach certain Conditions to the Construction of future Railways
authorized or to be authorized by any Act of the present or succeeding Sessions of
Parliament; and for other Purposes in relation to Railways.
86. An Act for the Relief of Clerks to Attorneys and Solicitors who have omitted
to enrol their Contracts; and for amending the Law relating to the Enrolment of
such Contracts, and to the Disabilities of such Clerks, in certain Cases.
87. An Act to amend the Law for regulating Places kept for slaughtering
Horses.
88. An Act to widen and improve Piccadilly in the City of Westminster.
89. An Act for auditing the Accounts of the Commissioners of Her Majesty's
Woods, Forests, Land Revenues, Works, and Buildings.
90. An Act for the Protection of Purchasers against Judgments, Crown Debts,


xl MiscELLANEous INForMATION.—Table of Statutes. [1845.
Lis Pendens, and Commissions of Bankruptcy; and for providing One Office for
the registering of all Judgments in Ireland; and for amending the Laws in Ireland
respecting Bankrupts and the Limitation of Actions.
91. An Act to consolidate and amend the Laws relating to Turnpike Trusts in
South Wales.
92. An Act to amend the Law respecting the Office of County Coroner.
93. An Act to enable Barristers appointed to arbitrate between Counties and
Boroughs to submit a Special Case to the Superior Courts.
91. An Act to explain and amend an Act for making better Provision for the
Spiritual Care of populous Parishes.
95. An Act to amend an Act of the Ninth Year of King George the Fourth,
for the Preservation of the Salmon Eisheries in Scotland.
96. An Act to amend the Law of Insolvency, Bankruptcy, and Execution.
97. An Act for the more effectual Application of Charitable Donations and
Bequests in Ireland.
98. An Act to enable the Commissioners of Public Works in Ireland to accept
a certain Sum of Money in satisfaction of their Mortgage on the Branch Canals
communicating with the Grand Canal in Ireland.
99. An Act to extend the Time limited by an Act passed in the Fourth and
Fifth Years of Her present Majesty, empowering the Commissioners for the Issue
of Exchequer Bills for Public Works to complete the Works for improving the
Navigation and Harbour of Tralee in the County of Kerry.
100. An Act to supply an Omission in an Act of the Sixth and Seventh Years
of Her present Majesty, for amending and continuing the Laws in Ireland relative
to the registering of Arms, and the Importation, Manufacture, and Sale of Arms,
Gunpowder, and Ammunition.
101. An Act for the further Amendment of the Laws relating to the Poor in
England.
102. An Act to repeal certain Penal Enactments made against Her Majesty's
Roman Catholic Subjects.
103. An Act to amend the Law for the Trial of controverted Elections of Mem-
bers to serve in Parliament.
104. An Act to apply a Sum out of the Consolidated Fund and certain other
Sums to the Service of the Year One thousand eight hundred and forty-four, and
to appropriate the Supplies granted in this Session of Parliament.
105. An Act to confirm and enfranchise the Estates of the Conventionary
Tenants of the ancient Assessionable Manors of the Duchy of Cornwall, and to
quiet Titles within the County of Cornwall as against the Duchy; and for other
Purposes.
106. An Act to consolidate and amend the Laws for the Regulation of Grand
Jury Presentments in the County of Dublin.
107. An Act to regulate and reduce the Expences of the Offices attached to
the Superior Courts of Law in Ireland payable out of the Consolidated Fund.
108. An Act to amend an Act of the Sixth Year of Her present Majesty, inti-
tuled An Act to regulate the Irish Fisheries; and to empower the Constabulary
Force to enforce certain Provisions respecting the Irish Fisheries.
109. An Act to indemnify Persons connected with Art Unions, and others,
against certain Penalties.
110. An Act for the Registration, Incorporation, and Regulation of Joint Stock
Companies.
111. An Act for facilitating the winding up the Affairs of Joint Stock Compa-
nies unable to meet their pecuniary Engagements.
112. An Act to amend and consolidate the Laws relating to Merchant Seamen;
and for keeping a Register of Seamen. -
113. An Act to regulate Joint Stock Banks in England.


1845.] MISCELLANEous INForMATION.—Ministers, &c. xli
LIST OF BRITISH MINISTERS ABROAD.
[Corrected by Authority.]
Russia—Envoy Ex. and Min. Plen., Hon. John A. D. Bloomfield. Sec. of Leg.
Andrew Buchanan, Esq.
Sweden—Env. Ex. and Min. Plen., Sir T. Cartwright, G.C.H. Sec. of Leg., G.
J. R. Gordon, Esq.
Prussia—Env. Ex. and Min. Plen., Right Hon. the Earl of Westmoreland, K.C.B.
Sec. of Leg., Sir G. B. Hamilton.
Denmark—Env. Ex. and Min. Plen., Sir H. W. Wynn. Sec of Leg., Peter
Browne, Esq.
Netherlands—Env. Ex. and Min. Plen., Sir Ed. C. Disbrowe. Sec. of Leg., Jas.
Hudson, Esq.
Belgium—Env. Ex. and Min. Plen., Sir George Hamilton Seymour. Sec. of Leg.
Thomas Wathen Waller, Esq.
Austria—Amb. Ex. and Min. Plen., Right Honourable Sir Rt. Gordon, G.C.B.
Sec. of Leg., A. C. Magenis, Esq.
Bavaria—Env. Ex. and Min. Plen., John Ralph Millbanke, Esq. Sec. of Leg.,
Stephen Henry Sulivan, Esq.
Wurtemburg—Env. Ex. and Min. Plen., Sir Alex. Malet, Bart. Sec. of Leg., A.
Craven, Esq.
Sarony—Env. Ex. and Min. Plen., Hon. F. R. Forbes. Sec. of Leg., Charles T.
Barnard, Esq.
Confederated States of Swiss Canton—Sec. of Leg. John Frenner Crampton, Esq.
France—Amb. Ex. and Min. Plen., Right Hon. Lord Cowley, G.C.B. Sec. of
Emb., Lord Wm. Hervey.
Spain—Env. Ex. and Min. Plen., H. Lytton Bulwer, Esq. Sec of Leg. Hon.
George Sulyarde Jerningham.
Portugal—Env. Ex. and Min. Plen., Lord Howard de Walden. Sec. of Leg.,
' ' Henry Southern, Esq.
Sardinia—Env. Ex. and Min. Plen., Hon. Ralph Abercromby. Sec. of Leg.,
Hon. Richard Bingham.
Tuscany—Min. Resident, Lord Holland. Sec. of Leg., Hon. S. Campbeli
Scadett
Naples–Env. Ex. and Min. Plen., Hon. W. Temple. Sec. of Leg., Hon. Charles
Augustus Murray
Switzerland—Min. Plen, D. R. Morier, Esq. Sec. of Leg.
Greece—Resident Min., Sir Edm. Lyons, Knt. Sec. of Leg., Phillip Griffith,
Esq.
Turkey—Amb. Ex. and Plen., Right Hon. Sir Stratford Canning, G.C.B. Sec.
of Embassy, Hon. Henry Richard Charles Wellesley.
Persia—Min. Plen., J. Sheil, Esq.
Germanic Confederation—Min. Plen, to reside with the Diet at Frankfort, Hon.
W. F. Strangways. Sec. of Leg., Hon. F. G. Molyneux.
America (United States of)—Env. Ex. and Min. Plen, Right Hon. Richard
Pakenham. Sec. of Leg., J. Kennedy, Esq.
Mexico–Min. Plen, Charles Bankhead, Esq. Sec. of Leg., Percy Doyle, Esq.
Brazil—Env. Ex. and Min. Plen., H. C. J. Hamilton, Esq. Sec. of Leg.
United Provinces of Rio de la Plata—Min. Plen., J. H. Mandeville, Esq. Sec. of
Leg., Francis Leeson Ball, Esq.
Argentine Confederation—Min. Plen, William Gore Ouseley, Esq.


xlii MISCELLANEoUs in ForMATION.— Ministers, &c. [1845.
LIST OF POREIGN MINISTERS IN THE UNITED
KING DOM.
[Corrected by Authority.]
Russia—Amb. Ex. and Plen., Baron de Brunow, Ashburnham-house, Dover-street,
Piccadilly; First Sec., M. de Berg; Second Sec., M. de Koudriaffsky.
Sweden and Norway—Env. Ex. and Min. Plen., Count Bjornstjerna; Chargé
d'Affaires, Baron Rehausen, 14, Halkin-street, west, Belgrave-square.
Prussia—Env. Ex. and Min Plen., Chevalier Bunsen, 4, Carlton-house terrace ;
Sec. of Leg, Baron Charles de Canitz; Chaplin to the Legation, Rev. Dr.
Schwabe, St. George's Church, Little Alie-street.
Denmark—Env. Ex. and Min. Plen., Count Reventlow, 30, Wilton Crescent, Bel-
grave-square ; Sec. of Leg, Baron Brockdorff; Attaché, M. de Bielke.
Holland–Ambassador, Mons. Dedel, 25, Wilton-Crescent ; Consul-General, J.
W. May, Esq., 123, Fenchurch-street.
Belgium—Env. Ex. and Min. Plen., M. Sylvain Van de Weyer, 50, Portland-place,
Office, 9A, Weymouth-street; Sec., M. Charles Drouet.
Austria—Env, Ex. and Min. Plen., Count de Destrichstein, Councillor to the
Embassy, Baron Koller; Sec., Baron Brenner ; Sec. to the Embassy, Baron
Lebzeltern ; Attaché, Count Anthony Esterhazy.
Bavaria–Env. Ex. and Min. Plen., Baron de Cetto, 3, Hill-street, Berkeley-
square.
Wurtemburg–Env. Ex. and Min. Plen, Baron de Hugel, 3, Hill-street, Berkeley-
square.
Saxony—Resident Minister, Baron Gersdorff, Chester-square.
France—Amb. Ex. and Min. Plen., Count St. Aulaire, Hertford-house, 20,
Manchester-square; First Sec., Count de Rohan Chabot; Second Sec., Count
Louis de Noailles; Attaché, M. Alfred de Vandeul; Chancelier, M. George de
Rabaudy.
Spain.—Resident Minister, Marquis de Casa Irugo, Chargé d'Affairs M. Tacon,
31, Upper Harley-street.
Portugal—Env. Ex. and Min. Plen., Baron da Torre da Moncorvo, 57, Upper
Seymour-street; Sec. of Leg., Mons. J. A. Loho de Mora Attaché, Mons. L.
A. Pinto de Soveral, 92, Milton-street, Dorset-square.
Sardinia—Env. Ex. and Min. Plen., Count Nomis de Pollon, 11, Lower Grosve-
nor-street; Sec. of Leg., Count Revel.
Sicily—Env. Ex. and Min. Plen., Prince Castelcicala, 15, Princes Street, Caven-
dish-square; Secs, of Leg., Mons. Canofari, 2, Old Cavendish-street; and M.
Ferdinando del Pozzo, 7, South-street, Grosvenor-square.
Switzerland—Consul-General, J. L. Provost, Esq., 24A., Cateaton-street.
Greece—Amb. Ex. and Min. Plen., Monsieur S. Tricoupi, 16, Park-square-east;
Sec. of Leg., M. Phocion Roque.
Turkey—Amb. Ex, and Min. Plen., Aali Effendi, 1, Bryanstone-square; First
Sec. of Embassy, Hayir Effendi; First Attaché, Edward Zohrab, Esq.
Hanover—Env. Ex, and Min. Plen., Count Kielmansegge, 44, Grosvenor-place;
Sec., Charles Klingemann, Esq., 4, Hobart-place, Eaton-square.
Baden, Hesse Darmstadt, and Hesse Cassel—Consul, R. Godeffroy, Esq., 6,
Great Winchester-street.
Mecklenburg Schwerin–Consul, C. Kreeft, Esq., 8, Billiter-street.
Hanseatic Republics, Lubeck, Bremen, and Hamburgh—Consul-General, J. Col-
quhoun, Esq., 12, St. James's-place; Office, 76, Cornhill.
Free City of Frankfort—Consuls, J. G. Behrends, Esq., 14, Broad-street,
buildings.
America (United States of)—Amb. Ex. and Min. Plen., Edward Everett, Esq.,
46, Grosvenor-place; Secs. of Legation, Francis Robert Rivers, Esq., and John
Miller, Esq.
Merico–Chargé d'Affaires, Don Thomas Murphy, 21, Sussex-place, Regent's-
park; Attaché, Don B. Muriel.


1845.] MIscELLANEoUs INForMATION.—Consuls, &c. xliii
Brazil—Env. Ex. and Min. Plen., Le Commandeur Marquess Lisboa, 10, York-
place, Portman-square; Sec. of Leg., Chevalier Augustus de Pavai; Attaché,
Thomas de Drummond, Esq.
United Provinces of the Rio de la Plata—Min. Plen., Don Manuel Moreno,
Sablonière Hotel, Leicester-square; Sec. of Leg', Colonel Richard Wright, 68,
Haymarket.
Uruguay—Cons.-Gen., F. de Lisle, Esq., 1, York-place, Portman-square.
COLONIAL LAND AND EMIGRATION BOARD.
For Superintending the Sale and Settlement of the Waste Lands of the Crown
in the British Colonies, and the Conveyance of Emigrants thither; .
(Office, 9, Park-street, Westminster.)
[Corrected by Authority.]
Commissioners.-Thomas Frederick Elliot, Esq., John George Shaw
Lefevre, Esq., and Charles Alexander Wood, Esq.
GOVERNMENT AGENTS FOR EMIGRATION AT THE OUTPORTS.
London—Lieut. Lean, R.N.
Liverpool—Lieut. Henry, R.N.
Plymouth—Lieut. Hemmans, R.N.
Londonderry—Lieut. Ramsay, R.N.
Dublin–Lieut. Hodder, R.N.'
Cork–Lieut. Charles Friend, R.N.
Belfast—Lieut. Starke, R.N.
Limerick—Richard Lynch, R.N.
Sligo—Lieut. Shuttleworth, R.N.
Greenock and Glasgow–Lieut. Forrest,
R.N.
LIST OF BRITISH CONSULS ABROAD.
[Corrected by Authority.]
C. signifies Consul.
C.G. . . . . . Consul General.
Russia:—St. Petersburg, Sir Edward
Stuart Baynes, C.
Archangel, John Whitehead, Esq. C.
Riga, G. Wynyard, Esq. C.
Liebau, Francis Kienitz, Esq. C.
Warsaw, Col. Gustavus Charles du
Plat, C.
Odessa, James Yeames, Esq. C.G.
Taganrog,
Wyborg —Marcus Wright, Esq. C.
Sureden:—Stockholm, Capt. Sir John
Ross, C.
Gottenburg, Henry Thomas Liddell,
Esq. C
Norway:-Christiana, J. R. Crowe,
Esq. C.G.
Bergen, John Greig, Esq. C.
Hammerfest,
Denmark —Elsinore, H. G. Kuper,
Esq. C.
Copenhagen, Charles Wake, Esq.
W.C.
V.C. . . . . . . . . . . Vice-Consul.
C.A. . . . . . . . . . . Consular Agent.
Prussia —Dantzic, Henry Rob. Plaw,
Esq. C.G.
Konigsberg, J. D. Brockmann, Esq.
W.C.
Pillau, C. Elsasser, Esq. W.C.
Memel, W. J. Hertslet, Esq. W.C.
Stettin, F. H. Petersen, Esq. V.C.
Germany:—Hamburgh, George Lloyd
Hodges, Esq. C.G.
Ditto, Charles Wesselhoeft, Esq.
V.C
Bremen, B. Pearkes, Esq. V.C.
Lubeck, W. L. Behneke, Esq. W.C.
Cuxhaven, Henry H. Dutton, Esq.
V.C.
Holland:—Amsterdam, Jas. Annesley,
2sq. C.
Rotterdam, Sir Alexander Ferrier, C.
Belgium –Antwerp, Godsehall John-
son, Esq. C.
Ostend, E. Thompson Curry, Esq. C.
France –Paris, Thomas Pickford,
Esq. C.


xliv
Misceli,ANEous (NForMATION.—Consuls, &c. [1845.
Calais, Samuel G. Marshall, Esq. ('.
Boulogne, William Hamilton, Esq. C.
Håvre, (H. W. Featherstonhaugh.
Esq. ('.
Nantes, llenry Newman, Esq. ('.
Brest, Anthony Perrier, Esq. ('.
Charente, John Frank ('lose, E
Bordeaux, T. B. G. Scott, I
Bayonne, Fergus Jalnes {{r,ſ}
Esq. C.
Marseilles, Alex. Turnbull, Esq. C.
Toulon, L. E. Jouve, Esq. ('.
Corsica, T. Pennington, Esq. ('.
Spain.--Madrid, Col. Barrie, ("...A.
Bilboa, John Clark, Esq. ('.
Corunna, Jas. Baker, Esq. ('.
Cadiz, J. M. Brackenbury. Esq. ( .
San Lucar, Chºrles Phillippe, Esq.
V.C.
Malaga, William P. Mark, Esq. ('.
Carthagena, Charles Walsingham
Turner, Esq. C.
Alicante, Jasper Waring, Fs". ('.
Barcelona, John S. Penleaze, E-1. C.
Mahon, Robert Adam Dalzell, Esq.
W.C.
Teneriffe, Richard Burtlett, Esq. ('.
St. Jago de Cuba, Charles Clarke,
Esq. ('.
Havannah, Joseph Tuck, & Clºwford,
Esq. C.G.
Porto Rico, John Lindegren, Esq.
Portugal : —Lisbon, William Smith,
Esq. (!.
Ditto, Jeremiah Meagher, Esq. W.C.
Oporto, Edwin Johnson, Esq. C.
Madeira, George Stoddart, Esq. C.
St. Michael's, Thomas Carºw llunt,
Esq. C.
Fayal, John Minchin, Esq. V.C.
Terceira, liilliard Alton, Esq. C.
Italy:-Genoa, Timothy Yeates Érown,
Esq. C.
Nice, Adolphus la Croix, Esq. C.
Cagliari, George Bomeester, Esq. (!.
Leghorn, Alexr. Macbean, Esq. C.
Ancona, George Moore, Esq. C.
Rome, John Freeborn, Esq. V.C.
Naples, Capt. Thomas Gallwey, C.
Ditto, William Dorant, Esq. V.C.
Gallipoli, Richard Stevens, Esq. V.C.
Otranto, Francesco Corchia, Esq. C.
Palermo, John Goodwin, Esq. C.
Messina, Will. Wilton Barker, Esq.C.
Austrian States:—Milan, Lieut. Camp-
bell, V.C.
Venice, Sir T. II, Sorrel, C.G.
I)itto, W. ('. Tatham, V.C.
Trieste, Henry Bynner, V.C.
Fiume, Charles Thomas Hill, Esq.
V.C.
Greece —l’revosa, T. S. IIutton, Esq.
V.('.
Patras, George W. Crowe, Esq. C.
Pyrgos, Anastasis Pasqualigo, Esq.
V. (".
Napoli, J. D. Griffiths, Esq. V.C.
Syria, Richard Wilkinson. Esq. C.
Turkey –Cºnstantinople, John Cart-
wright, Esq. C.G.
Ditto, A. C. Cumberbatch, Esq. V.C.
and Cancellier.
Erzeroom, James Brant, Esq. C.
Trebizond, F. J. Stevens.
Dardanell, s, Charles A. lander,
Esq. ('.
Salonica, (harles Blunt, Esq. ('.
Bucharest, Robert Gilmour Colqu-
houn, Esq. C.
Adrianople,
Smyrna, Rich. Wm. Brant, Esq. C.
!).it (; ). J. ("harnaud, V.('.
Scio, G. D. Vendova. Esq. V.C.
Alliania, S. S. Saunders, Esq. ('.
Tunis, Sir Thomas Reade, Agent.
and ('.G.
Ditto, Lewis Ferlicie, Esq., W.C.
Sfax, William Crowe, Esq. C.
Tripoli, Hanmer G. Wharrington,
Esq. Agent and C.G.
Bengazi, Thomas Wood, Esq. C.
Algiers, Rob. W. St. John, Esq.
Agent and C.G.
Ditto, Alexander Tulin, Ésq. V.C.
Oran, John Bell, Esq. C.
Tangier,
Ditto, IIenry Murray, Esq. V.C.
Syria —Damascus, Richard Wood.
Esq. C.
Aleppo, Nathaniel William Werry.
Esq. C.
Cyprus, Niven Kerr, Esq. C.
Candia, H. S. Ongley, Esq. C.
Egypt :—Cairo, A. Waine, Esq. C.
Alexandria, Lieut. Col. Barnett, C.G.
Ditto, John Laurence Stoddart, Esq.
C.
Ditto, G. Chasseaud, Esq. V.C. and
Cancellier.
Damietta, M. Suaur, Esq. V.C.
Rosetta, Alexander Lenzi, Esq. V.C.


1845. Miscell. ANEoUs INForMATION.—Consuls, &c. xlv.
2
United States —New York, Anthony
Barclay, Esq. C.
Philadelphia, William Peter, Esq. C.
Charlestown, William Ogilby, Esq.
C.
New Orleans, Wm. Moore, Esq. C.
Boston, Thomas Colley Grattan,
Esq. C.
Baltimore, John M*Tavish, Esq. C.
Mobile, Lieut. Col. Fitzgerald, C.
Norfolk, William Gray, Esq. C.
Savannah, Edmund Molineux, Esq.
Portland, Joseph Thomas Sherwood,
Esq. C.
Mexico —Mexico, Ewen C. Mackin-
tosh, Esq. C.
San Blas, Eustace Barron, Esq. C.
Vera Cruz, F. Gifford, Esq. C.
Tampico, James Wm. Glass, Esq. C.
Musquito Country.—Patrick Waller,
Esq. British Agent and C.G.
Hayti :—Port au Prince, Thos. Usher,
Esq. C.
Ditto, Harrison Thompson, Esq.
W.C.
Cape Hayten, F. H. Gilbert, Esq.
W.C.
Guatemala :-Guatemala, Fred. Chat-
field, Esq., C.
Colombia —Carthagena, C. Kortright,
Esq. C.
Bagota,
Maracaybo, Robert Mackay, Esq. C
Caraccas, B. H. Wilson, C.G.
Panama, William Perry, Esq. C.
Guayaquil, Walter Cope, Esq. C.
Puerto Cabello,
New Granada, Daniel Florence
O'Leary, Esq. Chargé d'Affaires,
and C.G.
Brazil : —Rio de Janeiro, Robert Hes-
keth, Esq. C.
Maceio, Baldwin Sealy, Esq. V.C.
Maranham, Robert Falconer Corbett,
Esq. C.
Pará, Richard Ryan, Esq. C.
Pernambuco, H. A. Cowper, Esq. C.
Bahia, Edward Porter, Esq. C.
Monte Video :—Monte Video, Adol-
phus Turner, Esq. Chargé d'Af.
faires, and C.G.
Ditto, M. T. Hood, Esq. V.C.
Buenos Ayres:–Buenos Ayres, Charles
Griffiths, Esq. C.
Chili : —Valparaiso, Lieut. Col. Wal-
pole, C.G.
Ditto, Henry Rouse, Esq. V.C.
Concepcion : — Robert Cnnningham,
Esq. V.C.
Coquimbo —Daniel Ross, Esq. C.
Peru :—Lima, W. P. Adams, Esq.
C. G.
Callao, John Barton, Esq. V.C.
Arica, Hugh Wilson, Esq. C.
Bolivia, C. Masterton, Esq. V.C.
Sandu:ich Islands . — Woahoo, Wm.
Miller, Esq. C.G.


xlvi MiscellAN Eous INFor MAT1on.—Consuls, &c. [1845.
LIST OF GOVERNORS () F I R ITIS II ("() I., () NIIES.
[Corrected by Authority.
E U R (2PE.A. N.
Isle of Man—Lieut. Gov., Col. J. Ready.
Gibraltar—Gov. Gen. Sir Rt. T. Wilson.
Malta—Lieut. Gen. The Hon. Sir Patrick Stewart, G.C.M.G.
Ionian Islands—Lord High Commissioner, Lieut. Gen Lord Seaton, G.C.B.
Heligoland—Lieut. Gov., John IIindmarsh, Esq., Capt., R.N.
.* M i. p. 1 (..* N.
Canada,
Nova Scofia, Gov. Gen., Rt. Hon. Sir Charles T. Metcalfe,
New Brunswick, Bart., G.C.I3.
Prince Eduard 1sland,
Nova Scotia and Cape Breton—Lieut. Gov., Wiscount Falkland.
New Brunsuick—Lieut. Gov., Lieut. Col. Sir W. M. G. Colebrooke.
Prince Edward Island—Lieut. Gov., Sir Henry Vere Huntley.
Neufoundland–Gov., Major General Sir John Harvey, K.C.B.
Jamaica—Gov. Gen., Earl of Elgin and Kincardine.
Barbadoes, St. Vincent, Grenada, Tobago, and St. Lucia—Gov. Gen., Right
Hon. Sir Charles Ed. Grey.
St. Vincent—Lieut. Gov., Lieut. Col. Sir R. Doherty.
Grenada—Lieut. Gov., Lieut. Col. C. J. Doyle.
Tobago—Lieut. Gov., Major Gen. H. C. Darling.
St. Lucia—Lieut. Gov., Officer commanding the troops.
Antigua, Montserrat, St. Christopher's, Neris, I'irgin Islands, and Dominica–
Gov. Gen., Sir Charles Aug. Fitzroy, K. H. |
Montserrat—President, Ed. D. Baynes, Esq. |
St. Christopher's—Lieut. Gov., Chas. Cunningham, Esq. |
Neris–President, Major Graeme.
|
Virgin Islands—President, E. H. Drummond Hay, Esq.
Dominica—Lieut. Gov., Major John Macphail.
British Guiana (Demerara, Essequibo, & Berbice) –Gov., Henry Light, Esq.
Trinidad—Gov., Col. Sir H. G. Macleod, K. l I.
Bermuda—Gov., Lieut. Col. Wm. Reid, C. B.
Bahama Islands—Lieut. Gov., George B. Mathew, Esq.
Honduras—Superintendent, Col. Fancourt.
ASIATIC.
Ceylon–Gov., Lieut. Gen. Sir Colin Campbell, K.C.B.
Hong-Kong—Governor, John Francis Davis, Esq.
AFRICAN. |
St. Helena—Gov., Lieut. Col. Trelawny, R.A. |
Cape of Good Hope—Gov., Lieut. Gen. Sir P. Maitland, K.C.B.
Cape of Good Hope, Eastern Division—Lieut. Gov., Col. John Hare, C.B.
Mauritius—Gov., M. Gen. Sir Wm. Gomm, K.C.B.
Sierra Leone—Gov., Lieut. Col. Macdonald.
Gambia—Gov., Charles Fitzgerald, Esq. Commander, R.N.
Gold Coast—Lieut. Gov., Henry Worsley Hill, Esq. Commander, R.N.
Falkland Islands—Gov., Richard Clement Moody, Esq. R.N.
AUSTRALASIAN.
New South Wales—Gov., Sir G. Gipps.
Van Diemen's Land—Lieut. Gov., Sir J. E. Eardley Wilmot, Bart
Western Australia—Gov., John Hutt, Esq.
South Australia—Gov., George Grey, Esq.
Port Phillip—Superintendent, C. J. Latrobe, Esq.
New Zealand—Gov., Capt. Rt. Fitzroy, R.N.


1845.] MiscELLANEous INForMATION.—Governors, &c. xlvii
INDIAN EMPIRE.
Bengal—Gov. Gen., Right Hon. Lieut. Gen., Sir Henry Hardinge, K.C.B.
Madras—Gov., Lord Elphinstone.
Bombay—Gov., Sir George Arthur, Bart.
LIST OF CUSTOMS AGENTS AND SHIP BROKERS.*
London—Samuel Haynes Angier, Baltic Coffee-house, and 7, Warnford Court,
Throgmorton-street.
D. Norton, Customs Agent, West India Docks.
— Tanner, ditto, Long Room, Custom-house.
Bristol—M. J. F. & A. Alexander, Quay.
Thomas Clent, Custom-house.
James Hamilton, Ship and Customs Agent, Custom-house.
B. T. Hancock, Customs and General Agent, Custom-house.
James King, Ship Broker, Marine Auctioneer, and General Commission and
East India Army Agent, 31, Prince-street.
J. Le Ray, Ship, Customs and Insurance Broker, 39, Broad Quay.
T. L. Smith, Custom-house.
Mark Whitwill, Ship Broker and General Commission Agent, Middle Avenue,
Prince-street.
Cardiff—John G. Bird, Agent for the Cardiff and London Traders, Ship Broker,
Customs Agent, Ship-chandler, &c.
Joseph Brain & Son, ditto.
Richard Coupland, Keeper of Bonded Stores for Shipping.
John Owen, ditto.
H. H. Parry & Brother, Ship Brokers and Customs Agents.
Fleetwood–Kemp & Co., Ship and General Commission Agents.
Henry Smith, General Merchant and Agent.
Goole–William Newton, Commission Agent.
William West, ditto.
Grimsby—B. & W. Kennington, General Ship Brokers.
Robert Kertley, Ship Builder and Agent.
Newport—(Monmouth.)—John Phillips, Customs Agent.
Portsmouth—F. Beale.
H. Collins.
Whitehaven—Joseph Carr & Son, Customs Agents and Ship Brokers.
William Grisdale, ditto.
IRELAND.
Cork –Coats & Lefebure, Ship and Insurance Agents, Warren's-place.
G. N. Harvey, Ship and Customs Agent, 13, Merchant Quay.
Ross—James A. Magee, Ship Broker.
St. John's, Newfoundland—D. P. Marett.
ROTTERDAM.
A. S. Preston, No. 140, Korse Wynstraat.
* Subscribers wishing to have their names registered in this list, which circulates all over the
world, will be pleased to communicate the same to the Editor,





THE
YEARLY JOURNAL OF TRADE,
1845.
P A R T T H E F I R. S.T.
N A V E G A T I O N.
The earth is full of thy riches. So is this great and wide sea also. There go the ships.—
Psalm eiv. -
Goods of EUROPE.
The several sorts of goods hereinafter enumerated being the produce of
Europe (that is to say), masts, timber, boards, tar, tallow, hemp, flax, cur-
rants, raisins, figs, prunes, olive-oil, corn, or grain, wine, brandy, tobacco,
wool, shumac, madders, madder-roots, barilla, brimstone, bark of oak, cork,
oranges, lemons, linseed, rape-seed, and clover-seed, shall not be imported
into the United Kingdom, to be used therein, except in British ships, or in
ships of the country of which the goods are the produce, or in ships of the
country from which the goods are imported.* 3 & 4 W. 4. c. 54, § 2. [1833.]
Goods of Asia, AFRICA, or AMERICA, FROM EURope.
Goods, the produce of Asia, Africa, or America, shall not be imported
from Europe into the United Kingdom, to be used therein, except the goods
hereafter mentioned, viz.
Goods, the produce of the dominions of the Emperor of Morocco, which may
be imported from places in Europe within the Straits of Gibraltar:
Goods, the produce of Asia or Africa, which (having been brought into places
in Europe within the Straits of Gibraltar, from or through places in Asia
or Africa within those Straits, and not by way of the Atlantic Ocean) may
be imported from places in Europe within the Straits of Gibraltar:#
* For the sake of perspicuity, this regulation is digested under the names of the several Arti-
cles in Ixiports.
MOST CONVENIENT PORTS IN EUROPE FOR SHIPPING.—See p. 5.
See also AUSTRIA, PART X.
+ MIEDITERRANEAN.
Whereas treaties beneficial to British shipping may be made with countries having ports
within the Straits of Gibraltar, if Her Majesty were empowered to authorise the importation ºf
such goods from such ports, in the ships of such countries respectively, it is therefore cnacted,
Is


2 NAVIGATION. [1845.
Goods, the produce of places within the limits of the East India Company's
charter, which (having been imported from those places into Gibraltar or
Malta in British ships) may be imported from Gibraltar or Malta.
Goods taken by way of reprisal by British ships:
Bullion, diamonds, pearls, rubies, emeralds, and other jewels or precious
stones, § 3.
Goops of Asia, AFRICA, on AMERICA, IN For EIGN SHIPs.
Goods, the produce of Asia, Africa, or America, shall not be imported into
the United Kingdom, to be used therein, in foreign ships", unless they be
ships of the country in Asia, Africa, or America, of which the goods are the
produce, and from which they are imported, except the goods hereinafter
mentioned: viz.
Goods, the produce of the dominions of the Grand Sigmior, in Asia or Africa,
which may be imported from his dominions in Europe, in ships of his do-
minions.
Raw silk and mohair yarn, the produce of Asia, which may be imported
from the dominions of the Grand Signior in the Levant Seas, in ships of
his dominions.
Bullion. § 4. MAN virac 1 t 1, 1:1, Goods.
All manufactured goods shall be deemed to be the produce of the country
of which they are the manufacture. § 5.
Gv.I.1.x sly, &c.
No goods shall be in ºperted into the finited Kingdom from the Islands of
Guernsey, Jersey, Alderſey, Sºk, ºr Man, except in British ships. § 6.
*
BRIT Isli Po;
: , I () N. S.
No goods shall be exported from the United Kingdom, to any British pos-
session in Asia, Africa, or America, nor to the Islands of Guerasey, Jersey,
Alderney, Sark, or Man, except in British ships. $ 7.
CoAsrw. Isr.
No goods shall be carried coastwise from one part of the United Kingdom
to another, except in British ships. § 8.
Gu (; Rxsfy, JERspy, &c.
No goods shall be carried from any of the Islands of Guernsey, Jersey,
that in case any treaty shall be made with any country, stipulating that such productions of
Asia or Africa shall be imported from the ports of such country in the ships of the same as well
as in Hritish ships, such goods so imported shall, in virtue of such t y, be admitted to entry
in the United Kingdom, to be used and consumed therein. 1 & 2 Vic, c. 113, § 30; Aug. 16,
1838.-See 3 & 4 Vic. c. 95, at the end of this title, -
* By C. O., Oct. 29, 1832, the first question is, whether a ship belonging to a French port in
Europe can import into the United Kingdom, goods the produce of a French colony in Africa?
and it appears, that the doubt arises out of the fourth section of the Navigation Act.
The Lords of the Committee are of opinion, that the ship of any one part of the dominions of
a foreign state ought to be admitted as the ship of any other part of those dominions, in her
commerce with the British douinions, and they should think that this view of the spirit and in-
tention of our law of navigation is established by the fifteenth section of that Act.
The second question is, whether, if the importing ship had, in the course of her voyage, gone
into any port of France, and there made entry of the goods, or performed some other formality
in respect of them, but without discharging them, she should still be deemed to have importcă
those goods from the colony in Africa of which they were the produce 2
The Lords of this Committee are of opinion, that the goods should be deemed to be imported
from the place at which they were shipped, whatever forms may have been observed at any
intern ediate port, and even although ºther goods may have been landed from the ship; and
their Lordships should conceive that this, their view of the spirit and intention of the law of
importation, may be deemed to be confirmed by the 48th section of the Act for the regulation of
the customs.
See Bones in IM ports, Part III, Class 19. See also, under the several titles of countries and
things in subsequent parts.
f By T. L., March 6, 1843, salt provisions, which have undergone, in Canada, the whole of the
processes requisite in order to the preservation or curing of the article, may, within the terms and
spirit of the 5th clause of the Navigation Act, be regarded and admitted as Colonial Produce:
care being taken to apply the general rule in each case, according as the goods may or may not
;:nstver to the terms recited.


PART I.] NAVIGATION. 3
Alderney, Sark, or Man, to any other of such islands, nor from one part of
any such island to another part of the same island, except in British ships.
§ 9.
BRITISH Possessiox's 1N Asia, &c.
No goods shall be carried from any British possession in Asia, Africa, or
America, to any other of such possessions, nor from one part of any such
possessions to another part of the same, except in British ships. § 10.
IN wilAT VEssels, INTo BRITISH Possessions.
No goods shall be imported into any British Possessions in Asia, Africa,
or America, in any foreign ships, unless they be ships of the country of
which the goods are the produce, and from which the goods are imported.”
§ 11.
WHAT A BRITISH SHIP, AND IIow NAVIGATED AND MANNED.
No ship shall be admitted to be a British ship unless duly registered and
navigated as such; and every British registered ship (so long as the registry
of such ship shall be in force, or the certificate of such registry be retained
for the use of such ship) shall be navigated during the whole of every voyage
(whether with a cargo or in ballast), in every part of the world, by a master+
who is a British subject, and by a crew whereof three-fourths at least are
British seamen; t and if such ship be employed in a coasting voyage from
one part of the United Kingdom to another, or in a voyage between the
United Kingdom and the Islands of Guernsey, Jersey, Alderney, Sark, or
Man, or from one of the said islands to another of them, or from one part of
either of them to another of the same, or be employed in fishing on the coasts
of the United Kingdom, or of any of the said islands, then the whole of the
crew shall be British seamen. § 12.
NAvigATIoN upox Rivers, &c.—Newfous DLAND Fish ERY, &c.
All British-built boats or vessels under fifteen tons burthen, wholly owned
and navigated by British subjects, although not registered as British ships,
shall be admitted to be British vessels, in all navigation in the rivers, and
upon the coasts of the United Kingdom, or of the British Possessions abroad,
and not proceeding over sea, except within the limits of the respective colo-
nial governments within which the managing owners of such vessels respec-
tively reside; and all British-built boats, or vessels wholly owned and navi-
ted by British subjects, not exceeding the burthen of thirty tons, and not
having a whole or a fixed deck, and being employed solely in fishing on the
* As to countrics with which there are treaties of reciprocity, see “RECIPROCITY,” Part
III. Sce also under the names of such countries in Parts X-XIII, as the case may be.
+ By C. O., Aug. 9, 1816, a question having been submitted to the law, authorities as to
whether a natural born subject of His Majesty, admitted a burgher of Memel, could be consi-
dered a subject belonging to the King of Prussia, for the purpose of the Navigation Act, so as
to be master of a Prussian vessel. They have given it as their opinion, that a British natural-
born subject cannot, by taking the oaths of allegiance to the sovereign of another state, throw
off the natural allegiance belonging to his own; but that he may, by residence, or other acts
required by the municipal law of another state, acquire the character of belonging to such other
state for commercial purposes, so as to be entitled to the privileges granted to the subjects of, or
to persons belonging to, such other state, when the acts he thereby performs do not amount to
a breach of the allegiance due to his own country. And that an Englishman domiciled in a
foreign country, and who has taken such oaths to cmtitle him to the commercial privileges of
such state, may be considered as belonging to such state for commercial purposes.
: ENGINEERS, FIREMEN, &c.
By C. O., Aug. 12, 1842, it is stated that a case having been recently submitted to the Attor-
ney and Solicitor General upon the following points, ris. :
ist. Whether Engineers, Firemen and Coal-trimmers on board steamers, are a part of the
crew within the meaning of the above Act of 3rd and ſth Wm. 1, chap. 5; 2 and
2ndly. Whether the Steward, Stewardess and Boy should be considered as forming part of the
crew of the vessel ? -
And the Attorney and Solicitor-General having given their opinion that engineers, firemen
and coal-trimmers are a part of the crew within the meaning of the said Act, as they are neces-
sary for the navigation ...] the vessel; but that the steward, stewardess and boy, who have nothing
to do with the navigation of the vessel, do not form part of the crew. 2
R


4 NAVI (; AT1 ()N. [1845.
banks and shores of Newfoundland, and of the parts adjacent, or on the
banks and shores of the provinces of Canada, Nova Scotia, or New Bruns-
wick, adjacent to the Gulf of St. Lawrence, or on the north of Cape Canso,
or of the islands within the same, or in the trading coastwise within the said
limits, shall be admitted to be British boats or vessels, although not registered,
so long as such boats or vessels shall be solely so employed. § 13.
HoNDURAs Ships.
All ships built in the British settlements at Honduras, and owned and
navigated as British ships, shall be entitled to the privil ges of British regis
tered ships in all direct trade between the United Kingdom or the IBritish
possessions in America and the said settle:nents: provided the master shall
produce a certificate, under the hand ºf the superini end nt of those settle-
ments, that sati-factory proof h is li ºn n.dk before him that such ship
(describing the same) was built in the said sºilements, and is wholly owned
by British subjects: Provided :lo, that the time ºf the charance of such
ship from the said scº for every vºyage sii,'l','º' vºidorsed upon such
certificate by such superintendent. § 1 1.
: "... . . . . . . .
it'iii ("...lis
Of uthat Country Ships dº, uſed. - No ship shall be admitted to be a ship
of any particular country, unless she be of the built of such country; or
have been made prize of war to such c :Intry; or have be a forfeited to such
country under any law of the same, made for the prevention of the slave-
trade, and condemned as such prize or forfeiture by a comi; etent court of
such country; or be Eritish built, not having been a prize of war from Bri-
tish subjects to any other foreign country; nor unless she he navigated by a
master who is a subject of st:ch foreign country, and by a crew of whom
three-fourths at least are subjects of such country; nor unless she be wholly
owned by subjects of such country usually residing therein, or under the
dominion thereof: Provided that the country of every ship shall be deemed
to include all places which are under the same dominion as the place to which
such ship belongs. $ 15.
Who qualified for British Master and Seamen. Yatires of India. Pro-
portion of Seamen to Tonnage. . No person shall be qualified to be a master
of a British ship, or to be a British seaman, within the meaning of this Act,
except the natural-born subjects of His Majesty, or persons maturalized by an
Act of Parliament, or made denizens by letters of denization ; or except per-
sons who have become British subjects by virtue of conquest or cession of
some newly acquired country, and who shall have taken the oath of allegi-
ance to His Majesty, or the oath of fidelity required by the treaty or capitu-
lation by which such newly acquired country came into IIis Majesty's pos-
session; or persons who shall have served on board any of His Majesty's
ships of war in time of war for the space of three years: Provided that the
natives of places within the limits of the East India Company's charter, al-
though under British dominion, shall not, upon the ground of being such
natives, be deemed to be British seamen: Provided that every ship (except
ships required to be wholly navigated by British seamen) which shall be
navigated by one British seaman if a British ship, or one seaman of the
country of such ship if a foreign ship, for every twenty tons of the burthen
of such ship, shall be deemed to be duly navigated, although the number of
other seamen shall exceed one-fourth of the whole crew: Provided that
nothing herein contained shall extend to repeal or alter the provisions of
4 Geo. 4 c. 80, for consolidating and amending the laws then in force with
respect to trade from and to places within the limits of the East India Com-
pany's charter. § 16.
Foreigners.--It shall be lawful for His Majesty, by his royal proclama-
fion during war, to declare that foreigners, having served two years on


[PART I. NAVIGATION. 5
board of any of His Majesty's ships of war in time of such war, shall be
British seamen within the meaning of this Act. § 17.
British ship not to depart unless duly navigated. Lascars and Ne-
groes.—No British registered ship shall be suffered to depart any port in
the United Kingdom, or any British possession in any part of the world
(whether with a cargo or in ballast), unless duly navigated: Provided al-
ways, that any British ships, trading between places in America, may be
navigated by British negroes; and that ships trading eastward of the Cape of
Good Hope within the limits of the East India Company's charter may be
navigated by Lascars, or other natives of countries within those limits. § 18.
Eaccess of Foreign Seamen.—If any British registered ship shall at any
time have, as part of the crew in any part of the world, any foreign seaman
not allowed by law, the master or owner of such ship shall for every such
foreign seaman forfeit 101. Provided that, if a due proportion of British
seamen cannot be procured in any foreign port, or in any place within the
limits of the East India Company's charter, for the navigation of any Bri-
tish ship; or if such proportion be destroyed during the voyage by any
unavoidable circumstance, and the master of such ship produce a certificate
of such facts under the hand of any British consul, or of two known British
merchants, if there be no consul at the place where such facts can be as-
certained, or from the British governor of any place within the limits of
the East India Company's charter; or, in the want of such certificate, shall
make proof of the truth of such facts to the satisfaction of the collector and
controller of customs of any British port, or of any person authorised in any
other part of the world to inquire into the navigation of such ship, the same
shall be deemed to be duly navigated. § 19.
IIow Proportion of Seamen altered.—If His Majesty shall at any time
by his royal proclamation declare that the proportion of British seamen ne-
cessary to the due navigation of British ships shall be less than the propor-
tion required by this Act, every British ship navigated with the proportion
of British seamen required by such proclamation shall be deemed to be duly
navigated, so long as such proclamation shall remain in force. . $ 20.
Goods Prohibited. Warehousing.—Goods of any sort or the produce of
any place not otherwise prohibited than by the law of navigation herein-
before contained may be imported into the United Kingdom from any place
in a British ship, and from any place not being a British possession in a
foreign ship of any country, and however navigated, to be warehoused for
exportation only, under the provisions of any law in force for the time being,
made for the warehousing of goods without payment of duty upon the first
entry thereof. § 21.
Goods contrary to Law —If any goods be imported, exported, or carried
coastwise, contrary to the law of navigation, all such goods shall be forfeited,
and the master of such ship shall forfeit 100l. § 22.
Most convilNIENT Ports For SHIPPING.
Whereas by the application of steam power to inland navigation, and the
facility thereby afforded of ascending rivers in suitable vessels with imported
goods, new prospects of commercial adventure are opened to many states si-
tuated wholly or chiefly in the interior of Europe, and whose most conve-
nient ports are not within their own dominions, and consequently the trade
of this country with such states might be greatly extended, if the ships of
such states were permitted to use, for the purposes of such trade, some ports
of other states in like manner as if such ports were within their own domi-
nions, and accordingly treaties of commerce and navigation, beneficial to
the shipping and trade of this country, might be made with such states if
Her Majesty were enabled to carry such treaties into effect; it is therefore
enacted that, notwithstanding any thing in the Act of 3 & 4 W. 4. c. 54
ſp. 1] it shall be lawful for Her Majesty, from time to time to declare by


6 NAVIGATION. [1845.
order in council, to be published in the London Gazette, that any ports to
be named in such order, being the most convenient ports for shipping the
produce of any state to be also named in such order, shall, although not si-
tuated within the dominions of such state, be ports for the use of the ships
of such state in the trade of such ships with all parts of the British domi-
nions, or with any parts of the same named in such order, in as full a manner
as if such ports were within the dominions of such state; and thereupon,
and for so long a time as such order shall be declared to be in force or shall
remain unrevoked, it shall be lawful to import into the British dominions,
or into such ports of the same as shall be named and limited in such order,
from such ports, in the ships of such state, any goods which by the laws in
force at the time of such importation might then be imported in such ships
from a port of the country to which they belonged, and so to import such
goods upon the like terms as the same could there be imported from the
national ports of such ships. 3 & 4 Vict. c. 95. § 2. [10th Aug. 1840.]
See PRUssíA, Austri.A. HANSEAT1c Tow Ns, IIA Nover, and MEckſ. Expurg,
Part X.
WESSELS ANI) IBOATS.
Now Commerce, wealthy (roddess, rears her head.
And bids Britannia's fleets their canvass spread —tº a
POWER OF STEAMI.
Prodigious as the power of gunpowder seeins, it is not greater than that exerted
by an equal quantity of water when converted into steam. One cubic inch offired
water would generate steam sufficient to produce an equal amount of steady pres-
sure. The greater destructive effects of the gunpowder depends not on the greater
amount of actual force exerted, but on the greater rapidity of its action. The
steam-engine in past ages would have been worshipped as a pagan divinity; and
certainly, even in our highly civilised times, it excites a feeling akin to awe in the
beholder of its mighty but exquisite working, and its propulsion, on sea or land,
of huge vessels and carriage-trains of immense length and weight, like a fiery
dragon overcoming all resistance.—Chemist and Lit. Gaz,
SUBSTITUTE FOR STEAM.
PARIs AcADEMY of SciENCEs, SEP. 9, 1844.
M. Selligues, who lately reported to the Academy his discovery of a new and
most important motive power as a substitute for steam, and which consists in the
admixture of atmospheric air with hydrogen gas, by which an explosion is pro-
duced, made another communication at this sitting, from which it appears that the
detonating power ceases under pressure. This phenomenon has proved an ob-
stacle to the experiments of M. Selligues before the Committee appointed by the
Academy. Notwithstanding the difficulties which have interposed themselves,
M. Arago has convinced himself of the importance of the discovery, and has re-
ported to the Academy that with so small a quantity as 3 to 5 litres of hydrogen
gas, mixed with atmospheric air, a weight of 1,000 kilogrammes was rapidly raised
to the height of three feet.—Athenæum.


PART I.] WESSELS AND BOATS. 7
ROYAL SOUTHERN YACHT CLUB,
By T. L., July 4, 1844, the members of the Royal Southern Yacht Club, are to enjoy the
same privileges as are granted to other Royal Yacht Clubs.
Size of Vessels in which Goods may be Imported and Exported.—Whereas
the importation and exportation of certain goods into and from the United
Kingdom and other dominions of His Majesty by the laws now in force is
restricted to vessels of seventy tons burthen or upwards; And whereas by
5 & 6 Will. 4, c. 56, vessels are required to be admeasured according to the
rules set forth in that Act, and in consequence thereof it has become expe-
dient to reduce the tonnage to which such importations and exportations are
restricted; it is therefore enacted, that it shall be lawful to import into or
export from the United Kingdom and other dominions of His Majesty, any
such goods in vessels of sixty tons burthen and upwards; provided such
vessels have been admeasured according to the rules prescribed by the last-
mentioned Act. 6 & 7 Will. 4. c. 60. § 5.
Tonnage of Ships.—From the commencement of this Act (Sept. 9, 1835),
so much of the Act as establishes rules for ascertaining the tonnage of ships
is hereby repealed, so far as respects the merchant shipping of the United
Kingdom to be thereafter registered. 5 & 6 Will. 4. c. 56. § 1. *
Rule by which Tonnage is to be ascertained.—The tonnage of every vessel re-
quired by law to be registered shall, previous to her being registered, be measured
and ascertained while her hold is clear, and according to the following rule,
divide the length of the upper deck between the afterpart of the stem and the fore-
part of the stern-post into six equal parts. Depths ; at the foremost, the middle,
and the aftermost of those points of division, measure in feet and decimal parts of
a foot the depths, from the underside of the upper deck, to the ceiling at the
limber strake. In the case of a break in the upper deck, the depths are to be
measured from a line stretched in a continuation of the deck. Bread//is ; divide
each of those three depths into five equal parts, and measure the inside breadths
at the following points, viz., at one-fifth and at four-fifths from the upper deck
of the foremost and aftermost depths, and at two-fifths and four-fifths from the
upper deck of the midship depth. Length ; at half the midship depth measure
the length of the vessel from the aſterpart of the stem to the forepart of the stern-
post; then, to twice the midship depth add the foremost and the aftermost depths
for the sum of the depths; add together the upper and lower breadths at the fore-
most division, three times the upper breadth, and the lower breadth at the midship
division, and the upper and twice the lower breadth at the after division, for the
sum of the breadths; then multiply the sum of the depths by the sum of the
breadths, and this product by the length, and divide the final product by 3,500,
which will give the number of tons for register. If the vessel have a poop or
half deck, or a break in the upper deck, measure the inside mean length, breadth,
and height of such part thereof as may be included within the buik-head; mul-
tiply these three measurements together, and dividing the product by 92.4, the
quotient will be the number of tons to be added to the result as above found.
In order to ascertain the tonnage of open vessels, the depths are to be measured
from the upper edge of the upper strake.f. § 2.
Tonnage to be entered on Register.—The tonnage or burthen of every
ship belonging to the United Kingdom, ascertained in the manner herein-
* By 5 & 6 Wict. c. 47, § 39 [July 9, 1842], doubts have been entertained whether the above
act extends to the British possessions abroad; it is enacted, that the above act, and every part
thereof, does and shall extend to Her Majesty’s possessions abroad, as fully as if the said pos-
sessions had been particularly mentioned therein, and that all things done in any of Her Ma-
jesty's possessions abroad, in pursuance of the said act, shall be deemed to be valid and effectual
to all intents and purposes whatsoever.
+ Rule for AscERTAINING THE Toxx AGE of SHIPs whilst THEIR CARGoes ARE ox
BoARI).
The above rule, established for ascertaining the tommage of ships measured whilst their car-
goes are on board, is hereby repealed ; and, for the purpose of ascertaining the tonnage of all
such ships, whether belonging to the United Kingdom or otherwise, as there shall he occasion
to measure while their cargoes are on board, the following rule shall be observed and is hereby
established both in the United Kingdom and in Her Majesty's possessions abroad; (that is to


8 WESSEI,S AND BOATS. [1845.
before directed, shall, in respect of any such ship which shall be registered
after the commencement of this Act (except as hereinafter excepted), be
inserted in the certificate" of the registry thereof, and be taken to be the
tonnage or burthen thereof for all the purposes of the said Act. § 3.
Tonnage of Steam I essels. In each of the several rules hereinbefore pre-
scribed, when applied for the purpose of ascertaining the tonnage of any
ship propelled by steam, the tonnage due to the cubical contents of the
engine-room shall be deducted from the total tonnage of the vessel as de-
termined by either of the rules aforesaid, and the remainder shall be deemed
the true register tonnage of the said vessel. The tonnage due to the cubical
contents of the engine-room shall be deterinined in the following manner,
viz., measure the inside length of the engine-room in feet and decimal parts
of a foot from the foremost to the aftermost bulk-head, then multiply the
said length by the depth of the vessel at the midship division as aforesaid,
and the product by the inside breadth at the same division at two-fifths of
the depth from the deck taken as aforesaid, and divide the last product by
92.4, and the quotient shall be deemed the tonnage due to the cubical con-
tents of the engine-room. * $ 4.
Contents of Engine-Room in description of Steam Tessel.—The tonnage
due to the cubical contents of the engine-room, and also the length of the
engine-room, shall be set forth in the certificate of registry as part of the
description of the vessel, and any alteration of such tonnage due to the cu-
bical contents of the engine-room or of such length of the engine-room, after
registry, shall be deemed to be an alteration requiring registry de noro within
the meaning of the Act for the registering of ships. § 5.
For ascertaining Tonnage of ſessels when laden.--. For the purpose of
ascertaining the tonnage of all such ships, whether belonging to the United
Kingdom or otherwise, as there shall be occasion to measure while their car-
goes are on board, the following rule shall be observed and is hereby esta-
blished, * viz., measure, first, the length on the upper deck between the
after-part of the stem and the fore-part of the sterº-post; secondly, the in-
side breadth on the underside of the upper deck at the middle point of the
length; and, thirdly, the depth from the underside of the upper deck down
the pump-well to the skin; multiply these three dimensions together, and
divide the product by one hundred and thirty, and the quotient will be the
amount of the register tonnage of such ships. § 6.
Register Tonnage on Main Beam.—The true amount of the register ton-
nage of every merchant ship belonging to the United Kingdom, to be ascer-
tained according to the rule by this Act established in respect of such ships,
shall be deeply carved or cut in figures of at least three inches in length on
the main beam of every such ship, prior to her being registered. § 7.
Vessels already Registered.—Nothing herein contained shall extend to
alter the present measure of tonnage of any ship which shall have been re-
gistered prior to the commencement of this Act [January 1, 1836], unless
in cases where the owners of any such ships shall require to have their ton-
say,) measure, first, the length on the upper deck, between the after part of the stem and the
fore part of the sterm-post; secondly, the inside breadth on the under side of the upper deck, at
the middle point of the length; and, thirdly, the depth from the under side of the upper deck
down the pump well to the skin; multiply these three dimensions together, and divide the pro-
duct by one hundred and thirty, and the quotient will be the amount of the register tonnages of
such ships: if the vessel have a poop or half deck, or a break in the upper deck, measure the
inside mean length, breadth and height of such part thereof as may be included within the bulk-
head, multiply these three measurements j. and divide the product by ninety-two and
four-tenths, the quotient will be the number of tons to be added to the result above found.
6 & 7 Vict. c. 84, § 22. [Aug. 22, 1843.]
* By C. O., June 11, 1836, that in all certificates of admeasurement of foreign ships whose
tonnage may be so altered by the new mode of admeasurement as to preclude their being em-
ployed in the conveyance of warehoused goods, the tonnage, according to the former as well as
the present mode of admeasurement, be inserted in the said certificates, and under similar cir-
cumstances, the same rule is to apply to British vessels on their first registry, or registry de
novo, and that the registering officer likewise notify on the certificates of such registry the ton-
mage according to the former mode of admeasurement, and also in certificates to obtain licences,


PART I.] WESSELS AND BOATS. 9
nage established according to the rule hereinbefore provided, or unless there
shall be occasion to have any such ship admeasured again on account of any
alteration which shall have been made in the form of burthen of the same,
in which cases only such ships shall be re-admeasured according to the said
rule, and their tonnage registered accordingly. § 8.
Commencement of Act.—This Act shall commence from 1st January,
1836. § 9.
TIMBER SHIPs.
Cargo of certain Ships laden with Timber not to be placed on Deck. Cer-
lificate of Clearing Officer.—Whereas great loss of life and severe sufferings
have been occasioned amongst the crews of ships and vessels laden with
timber and wood goods from British ports in America, from the practice of
having a portion of the cargo of such ships stowed on or above deck, it is
therefore enacted that it shall not be lawful for any part of the cargo of any
vessel, wholly or in part laden with timber or wood goods, and clearing from
any British port in North America, or the settlement of Honduras, for any
port in the United Kingdom, between the first day of September and the
first day of May in each year, to be stowed or placed, during any part of the
voyage, upon or above the deck of such vessel; and the captain or master
of every vessel so clearing shall not be permitted to sail without first pro-
curing a certificate from the clearing officer that all the cargo is below deck.
5 Vict. Sess. 2. c. 17. § 1. [May 13, 1842.]
Penalty for placing Timber on Deck. Proviso for Stores; for Removal
in case of Leakage or Damage; and for P'essels cleared out before a cer-
tain Time.—If any captain, owner, supercargo, or other person having com-
mand of any such vessel, shall so place, or cause or permit to be so placed,
any part of the cargo, every such captain, owner, or supercargo, or other
person so offending, shall for every such offence forfeit and pay any sum
not exceeding 100l. : Provided always, that nothing herein contained shall
extend to prevent the carrying upon deck the necessary store spars for the
vessel's use, or the removal on deck of a portion of ſº cargo of such vessel
in cases where the same may be rendered necessary by the springing a leak
or other damage during the voyage, nor to any ship wideli may have cleared
out from any port in I}ritish North America, or the settlement of Honduras,
before the first day of September, or within seven days after notice of this
Act shall have been received at the Custom Ilouse of the respective ports. § 2.
IIow Commissioners of Customs may order Proceedings to be instituted.—
It shall be lawful for the Commissioners of Customs to direct any officer of
customs to institute and prosecute such proceedings as are authorised by
this Act against any person for any offence by him committed, or alleged to
have been committed, against the provisions of this Act: Provided, never-
theless, that, except in such cases, the direction or consent of the commis-
sioners shall not be necessary or required in order to the preferring, prose-
cuting, proceeding with, or determining any informations under this present
Act. § 1.
Continuance of Act.--This Act shall continue in force until 1st May,
1845. § 6.


1 (i. SièAMEN. [1845.
SEAMEN.
... [s tº 1)AN (; ; its or ºf E SI: vs, see Parl V’l
Al A.S.T.E.S ( ; ; S: ; ; ; S.
The master of a ship is the person intrust, 1 v.1 h ::, ...: “ i. ºut of it. His powe :
- - ture, that the
*}-pºintment
the master
rested in:
#;"I'vus that
examiliation of
:l experience
le rtaken the
ow 1:ers; are left tº
'i it is lºund tº;
, sº ti in • in
and authº -
greatest care and circum-pet
ºf him. It appears, by the
was formerly in almost evº
a two-fold character in the
he has no property in tº ship
the person to be appointed to this insportºnſ
and skill; in other count, ies he is liable to be lºv
charge, he is found incompetent to the
their own discretion, as to the skill ;
y are so g
mily
manºe v.t it
ice or unskilful.
!," in re incompetence.
make good any damaze that ma;
:less if he is of
—lbhutt.
Former Act repeated.—-Wh.
United Kingdom and I'vr Mii
constant, and ready supply of
maj']."
to do so. v. he “..::11; i. pill
- *::, i., §ild -:... tº of this
:- (; , ºr, it!y d, p. ºd on a large.
til it is ther, it to prºmoto
the increase of the nuinhº ind tº airl thº.1 all due ...; ;uragement
and protection, and for this tºurpose to aimead and con- e lºv s relating
to them ; and it is also expediºt to keep a register ºf seasºn; it is therefore
enacted that, from 1st January, 1845, from which day this Act shall commence
and take effect, the Act ºf 5 & 6 W. 4. c. 19, shall be repeal, d, except so far as
such Act repeals the Acts thereby repºaled, and except so far as relates to the
establishment, maintenance, and regulations of the office called “The General
Register Office of Merchant Seamen :” provided always, that all offences which
shall have been committed and all penalties and forfeitures which shall have been
incurred previously to the commencement of this Act shall and may be punishable
and recoverable respectively under the above-mentioned Act as if the same had
not been repealed; provided also, that all acts and things made, or executed in
accordance with the provisions of the said Act. prior to the commencement of this
Act, shall be valid. 7 & 8 Vict. c. 112. * $ 1. [5th Sep., 1814.
No Seaman to be taken to Sea trithout Agreement, or without a Register
Ticket.—It shall not be lawful for any master of any ship, of whatever tonnage
or description, belonging to any subject of Her Majesty, proceeding to parts be-
yond the seas, or of any British registered ship of the burden of eighty tons or
upwards employed in any of the fisheries of the United Kingdom, or in proceeding
coastwise, or otherwise, from one part of the United Kingdom to another, to carry
to sea any seaman as one of his crew or complement (apprentices excepted), unless
the master of such ship shall have first made and entered into an agreement in
writing with such seaman, specifying what wages such seaman is to be paid, the
quantity of provisions he is to receive, the capacity in which he is to act or serve,
and the nature of the voyage in which the ship is to be employed, so that such
seaman may have some means of judging of the period for which he is likely to
be engaged; and such agreement shall be properly dated, and shall be signed by
such master in the first instance, and by the seamen respectively at the place
where they shall be shipped; and the signature of each of the parties thereto shall
be duly attested by one witness at the least, and the master shall cause the agree-
ment to be read over and explained to every such seaman in the presence of such
witness, before such seaman shall execute the same; and it shall not be lawful for
the master of any ship to carry to sea any seaman, being a subject of Her Majesty,
until he shall also have first obtained from cvery such seaman or other person his
register ticket (to be procured as herein-after mentioned), which ticket the master
* Entitled “An act to amend and consolidate the laws relating to merchant shipping; and
for keeping a register of seamen.”


PART I.] SEAMEN. 1 :
is hereby required to retain (except in the cases herein-after provided) until the
service of such seaman shall have terminated, and at the termination of such ser-
vice the master shall return the register ticket to him. § 2.
Form of Agreements and how to be disposed of. No ship to be cleared inwards
until Receipt for Agreement is produced. Limitation of Agreements. Delivering
of Agreements or Copies thereof half-yearly. Vessel not to receive documents tintil
Receipt for Agreements produced. Master of Vessels under eighty tons in Coasting
or Fishing Trade to receive Tickets from Seamen. In the case of any ships, of
whatever tonnage or description, belonging to any subjects of Her Majesty, and
proceeding to parts beyond the seas, (except as hereinafter provided,) the agreement
shall be in the form set forth in schedule (A.) to this Act annexed, and shall con-
tain the several particulars therein mentioned or required; and the master shall,
within twenty-four hours after the ship's arrival at her final port of destination in.
this United Kingdom, deliver or cause to be delivered to the Collector or Comp-
troller of Customs at such port every agreement so made, or a true copy thereof,
and of every endorsement thereon, the agreement, or copy thereof, in either case,
to be certified as such by such Master or owner, and also by the mate or next
officer (if any) of such vessel, each of whom is hereby required to sign such certifi-
cate in the presence of one attesting witness at the least; and if the original agree-
ment be delivered to such Collector or Comptroller he shall retain the same until
all the wages to which the agreement relates shall be paid or satisfied, and then he
shall transmit such original agreement to the Registrar of seamen; and no such
ship shall be cleared inwards by the tide surveyor or other officer until the master
shall produce and show a certificate from such Collector or Comptroller (which he
is hereby required to give) to the effect that he has delivered his agreement, or an
attested copy thereof; and the tide waiters left on board shall be maintained at
the expense of the master or owner until such certificate shall be produced and
shown, or until it be proved to the satisfaction of the tide surveyor or other officer
that such agreement or copy has been so delivered; and in the case of any ship
employed in fishing on the coasts of the United Kingdom, or proceeding from one
part of the United Kingdom to another, or proceeding to any of the Islands of
Jersey, Guernsey, Alderney, Sark, and Man, or to any place on the Continent of
Europe between the River Elbe inclusive and Brest, the agreement shall be in the
form set forth in schedule (B.) to this Act annexed, and shall contain the several
particulars therein mentioned or required; and every such agreement shall not
extend beyond 30th June and 31st December in each year, or on arrival in any
port of the United Kingdom after the same respective dates; and the owner or
master of every such ship shall, within twenty-one days next after 30th June, and
the 31st December in each year, transmit to the Collector or Comptroller of Cus-
toms of any port of the United Kingdom, every agreement made within the six
months next preceding such 30th June and 31st December respectively, or a true
copy thereof, and of every endorsement thereon, certified as aforesaid; and such
Collectors or Comptrollers respectively are hereby required to give a receipt (speci-
fying the nature of the document) for every agreement or other document, or such
copy thereof, to the master, owner, or person so delivering the same; and no
master or owner, after the expiration of the said twenty-one days, shall be entitled
to or receive a transire, or any other customs document necessary for the conduct
of the business of the ship, until he shall produce and show such receipt, or shall
prove to the satisfaction of the officer that every such agreement, or such copy
thereof, has been duly delivered; and the owner or master of every ship under the
burden of eighty tons, employed as last aforesaid, who is not required by this Act
to enter into written agreement with his crew, shall, before employing any seaman
or other person in the service of his ship, receive from every such seaman or other
person his register ticket, and shall retain the same until the service of such seaman
or other person shall have expired, and at the expiration of such service the master
shall return the register ticket to the person entitled thereto. § 3.
Penalty for Default.—If any master or owner shall carry out to sea any seaman
(apprentices excepted) without having first entered into the required agreement with
such seaman, or if any master shall not obtain from any seaman or other person,
being a subject of Her Majesty, his register ticket, according to the provisions of
this Act, he shall in either of such cases forfeit 10l. for every such scaman; and if
any master or owner neglect to cause such agreement to be read over and explained


12 S.J. A.M. F. N. [1845.
to such seaman before the signing or executiºn tº cof by such scanian, the master
or owner shall for each neglect forfeit 5/. for every such seaman; and if any master
or owner omit to deliver to such Collector ºr (’onºptroller any such agreement, or
such copy thereof, or shall not deliver up any register ticket to the person entitled
to it at the expiration of his service, or ºtherwise, as required by this Act, he shall
for every such omission forfeit 10/., or if any master or owner deliver a false copy
of the agreement he shall for every such offence forfeit 20/. § 1.
Legal Remedies—Sutrage to be ra'id and certified (opy ºf Agreement to be
Eridence—Seaman not bound to prºw'ºrº . 10, cement.--No scruman, by reason of
any agreement, shall forf, it his lien upon the slip, nor could be deprived of any
remedy for the recovery of his wages to which he would otherwise be entitled
against any person what ºver; alsº 1, agreem it contrary tº or inconsistent with this
Act, nor any clause, contract, or m.º.ºem, it wher. 'Y any seaman shall consent or
promise to forego or give up any risist or claim to wages in the case of freight
earned by a ship subsequently losſ, or 'uly right or citim to salvage or reward for
salvage services, or siich proport; ºn ºf stºl, age or reward fºr salvage services as
may be due to him by decree or award, or otherwise, shall be valid or binding on
such seaman; and every copy of an agreement so certified and delivered shall in all
cases be received and taken as evidence of the contents of the agreement on behalf
of the seamitān; and no seaman shall in a y cas, he required to produce such
arrºment, or such coły, or to give notice for the production thereof; but in case
‘cºnscat shall not be produc d and proved he shall be at liberty to prove the
contents or purpºrt thereof, or to establish his claim by other evidence, according
to the nature of the case. § 5.
Seamen refusing to join, or ſo proceed in the ship, ºr airs, uſing themseires, may
he committed to ſyaol or sent on horriſ. § 6.
Temporary Absence or Refusa' to ſº, ºran Dufu.—If any seaman during the
time or period specified for sºl vice shall wilfully and without leave absent
himself from the ship, or otherwise from his duty, he sh ill in all cases not of
desertion, or not treated as such by the master, ) ſerſ it out of his wages the amount
of two days pay, and for every 24 hours of such air-cºnce the amount of six days
pºly, or, at the ºptiºn of the master, the amount of such expenses as shall have
been necessarily incurred in hiring a substitute; and in case any seaman while he
shall belong to the ship shall without sufficient cºust: ect or refuse to perform
such his duty as shall be reasonally required of him by the lºster ºr other person
in command of the ship, he shall be subject to a like forfeiture in respect of every
such offence, and of every twenty-four hours' contºuance thereof; and in case
any such seaman, after the ship's arrival at her port o is try, and before her
cargo be discharged, shall quit the ship, without a prº : harge or leave
from the master, he shall forfeit one month's lºy at of his wages: provided
always, that no such forfeiture shall be incurred unless the fact of the seaman's
absence, neglect, or refusal be duly entered in the ship's log-hook, the truth of
which entry it shall be incumbent on the owner or master, in all cases of dispute,
to substantiate by the evidence of the mate or some other credible witness. § 7.
Hou Amount of Forfeiture to be ascertained when Seamon contract for
I oyage.—In all cases where the seaman shall have contracted for wages by the
voyage or by the run or by the share, and not by the month or other stated period
of time, the amount of forfeitures to be incurred by seamen under this Act shall
be ascertained in manner following; (that is to say), if the whole time spent in
the voyage agreed upon exceed one calendar month, the forfeiture of one month's
pay expressed in this Act shall be accounted to be a forfeiture of a sum of money
bearing the same proportion to the whole wages or share as a calendar month
shall bear to the whole time spent in the voyage ; and in like manner a forfeiture
of six days’ pay, or less, shall be accounted to be a forfeiture of a sum bearing
the same proportion to the whole wages or share as the six days or other period
shall bear to the whole time spent in the voyage; and if the whole time spent in
the voyage shall not exceed the period for which the pay is to be forfeited, the for-
feiture shall be accounted to be a forfeiture of the whole wages or share; and the
master or owner is hereby authorised to deduct the amount of all forfeitures out
of the wages or share of any seaman incurring the same. § 8.
Forfeiture for Desertion.—Any sealaan or other person who shall desert the
ship to which he shall belong shall forfeit to the owner thereof all his clothes and
: }, .
M. : : .


PART I.] SEAMEN. 13
effects which he may leave on board, and he shall also forfeit all wages and emo-
luments to which he might otherwise be entitled; and in case of any seaman
deserting abroad he shall likewise forfeit all wages and emoluments whatever which
shall be or become due or be agreed to be paid to him from or by the owner or
master of any other ship in the service whereof such seaman may have engaged
for the voyage back to the United Kingdom ; and all wages and portions of wages
and emoluments which shall in any case whatever become forfeited for desertion
shall be applied, in the first instance, in or towards the reimbursement of the
expenses occasioned by such desertion to the owner or master of the ship from
which the seaman shall have deserted, and the remainder shall be paid to the
seamen's hospital society; and the master shall, in the case of desertion in the
United Kingdom, deliver up the register ticket of such seaman or other person
to the Collector or Comptroller of Customs at the port: provided always, that
every desertion be entered in the log-book at the time, and certified by the sig.
natures of the master and the mate, or the master and one other credible witness;
and the absence of a seaman from his ship for any time within twenty-four hours
immediately preceding the sailing of the ship from any port, whether before the
commencement or during the progress of any voyage, wilfully and knowingly,
without permission, or the wilful absence of a seaman from his ship at or for any
time without permission, and under circumstances showing an intention to abandon
the same, and not return thereto, shall be deemed a desertion from the same ship;
and in case any seaman shall desert in parts beyond the seas, and the master of
the ship shall engage a substitute at a higher rate of wages than that stipulated
in the agreement to be paid to the seaman so deserting, the owner or master of
the ship shall be entitled to recover from the deserter, by summary proceeding, in
the same manner as penalties are by this act made recoverable (so far as the same
can be applied), any excess of wages or portion thereof which such owner or
master shall pay to such substitute beyond the amount which would have been
payable to the deserter in case he had duly performed his service pursuant to his
agreement: Provided always, that no seaman shall be imprisoned longer than
three calendar months for nonpayment of any such excess of wages. § 9.
Harbouring Deserters—Debt exceeding 58.—Seaman's Effects not to be de-
tained.—If any person wilfully harbour or secrete any seaman or apprentice who
shall have deserted from his ship, knowing or having reason to believe such seaman
or apprentice to be a deserter, every person so offending shall for every such
seaman or apprentice so harboured or secreted forfeit 10l. ; and no debt exceeding
in amount five shillings, incurred by any seaman after he shall have engaged to
serve, shall be recoverable until the service agreed for shall have been concluded ;
nor shall it be lawful for any keeper of a public house, or of a lodging house for
seamen, to detain any chest, tools, or other property of any seaman for any debt
alleged to have been contracted by him; and in case of such detention of the
chest, tools, or other property of a seaman, it shall be lawful for any Justice of the
Peace at or near the place, upon complaint upon oath to be made by such seaman
or on his behalf, to inquire into the matter upon oath in a summary way; and if
it shall appear to such Justice that the alleged claim is fraudulent, or that the debt
was not fairly incurred to the full amount of the claim, by warrant under his hand
and seal to cause such effects to be seized and delivered over to such seaman; and
the person so detaining the same shall forfeit a sum not exceeding 10l., at the dis-
cretion of such Justice. § 10.
When Wages to be Paid.—The master or owner of every ship is hereby re-
quired to pay to every seaman his wages within the respective periods following;
(that is to say,) if the ship be employed in coasting, the wages shall be paid within
two days after the termination of the agreement, or at the time when any such
seaman shall be discharged, whichever shall first happen; and if the ship be em-
ployed otherwise than coasting, then the wages shall be paid at the latest within
three days after the cargo shall have been delivered, or within seven days after the
seaman's discharge, whichever shall first happen; and in all cases the seaman
shall, at the time of his discharge, be entitled to be paid, on account, a sum equal
to one-fourth part of the balance due to him; and in case the master or owner
neglect or refuse to make payment in manner aforesaid, he shall for every such
neglect or refusal forfeit to the seaman the amount of two days pay (to be re-
covered as wages) for each day, not exceeding ten days, during which payment


1.1 SEAMEN. [1845.
shall, without sufficient cause, he delayed beyond the respective periods aforesaid:
Provided, that nothing in this clause shall extend to the cases of ships employed in
the southern whale fishery, or on voyages for which seamen, by the terms of their
agreement, are wholly compensated by sliares in the profits of the adventure.
§ 1 1.
J’ayment ºf ſages or Sairage, notºrithstanding Bill ºf Sale, ye—Allowance
for short Prºrisions.—I’very such payment of wages to a seaman shall be valid in
law, notwithstanding any bill of sale or assigninent which may have been made of
such wages, or of any attachment or incumbrance thereon, and no assignment or
sale of wages or salvage inade prior to the acci uing thereof, nor any power of
attorney expressed to be irrevºcable for the receipt of any such wages or salvage,
shall be valid or binding upon the party making the same, and any attachment to
be issued from any court whatever shall hot pre: ent the payment of wages to any
seaman ; and if during the vºyage th” allowane of provisions which a seaman
agreed to receive shall be reduced one third ºf the quantity or less he shall rece
fourpence per day, and iſ the reduction be mºre than one third he shall receive
eightpence per day, during the period such respective deductions may be made,
and such pecu;iary allowance shall be paid to him in addition to and be recover-
able as wages. §
31asſers to ſix
seaman from any ship, or upon payment of the wº
the 1.aster, and the n
ticket, but als
set forth in Scº
and the time and place ºf ki
r, and if the mas ..all ive such “I
and pay to him the ºf 57. § 13.
formediate Paym, ºf 0/ I, riſe...—-If three days after the termination of the sti-
pulated service, or if three days after a seaman shall have been discharged, he shall
he desirous of proceeding on another voyage, and in order thereto, or for any other
'sufficient reason, shall require immediate payment of any amount of wages, not
exceeding 20/., due to him, it shall be lawful for any Justice of the Peace, for any
bart of Her Majesty's dominions or the territories und, r the Government of the
East India Company, where or near to the place where such service shall have ter-
'minated, or such seaman shall hºe been discharged, or the party liable shall be or
reside, on application from such seaman, and en satisfactory proof that he would
be prevented from employment or incur serious loss or inconvenience by delay, to
“ummon such party before him, and if it appear to the satisfaction of such Justice
that there is no reasonable cause for delay, to order payment to be made forthwith,
and in default of immediate compliance with such order such party shall forfeit to
such seaman, in addition to his wages, 5/., § 1 i.
Summary Mode of recorering {{`ayes.—In all cases of wages, not exceeding 20l.
which shall be due and payable to any seaman, it shall be lawful for any Justice
of the Peace for any part of Her Majesty's dominions or the territories under the
government of the East India Company, where or near to the place where the
ship shall have ended her voyage, cleared at the Custom Ilouse, or discharged her
cargo, or where or near to the place where either of the parties upon whom the
claim is made shall be or reside, upon complaint on oath made to such Justice by
such seaman, or on his behalf, to summon such party to appear before him to
answer such complaint ; and upon the appearance of such party, or, in default
thereof, on due proof of him having been so summoned, such Justice is hereby
empowered to examine the parties and their respective witnesses (if there be any)
upon oath, touching the complaint, and the amount of wages due, and to inspect
any agreement or copy thereof, if produced, and make such order for payment of
the said wages, not exceeding 20/., with the costs incurred by the seaman in pro-
secuting such claim, as shall to such Justice appear reasonable and just. § 15.
Remedies for Masters as to Waſſes.—All the rights, liens, privileges, and
remedies (save such remedies as are against a master himself) which by this Act, or
by any law or usage, belong to any seaman or mariner, not being a master mariner,
in respect to the recovery of his wages, shall, in the case of the bankruptcy or
insolvency of the owner of the ship, also belong and be extended to masters of ships
or master mariners, in respect to the recovery of wages due to them from the owner
Seanaen (' , lified its tº 1)ischarye.--Upon the discharge of a
s to him, he shall receive from
ive to hini, not only his register
- ld dischartre, in the form
the period of his service,
ºte shall be signed by the
“11, to such seaman he shall


PART I.] SEAMEN. 15
of any ship belonging to any of Her Majesty's subjects; and no suit or proceeding
for the recovery of wages shall, unless they exceed 20l., be instituted against the
ship, or the master or owner thereof, either in any Court of Admiralty or Vice
Admiralty Court, or any Court of Record in Her Majesty's dominions, or the
territories under the Government of the East India Company, unless the owner of
the ship shall be bankrupt or insolvent, or the ship shall be under arrest or sold by
the authority of any Admiralty or Vice Admiralty Court, or unless any Magistrate
acting under the authority of this Act shall refer the case to be adjudged by any
such court or courts, or unless neither the owner nor master shall be or reside at
or near the place where the service shall have terminated, or where any seaman
shall have been discharged or put on shore. § 16.
Ship sold at Foreign Port, how Crew to be sent home, and Ticket and Certift-
cate of Discharge to be given—Wages in case of Wreck.--Whenever any ship
whatever, belonging to any subject of Her Majesty, shall be sold, transferred, or
disposed of at any port out of Her Majesty's dominions, in all such cases (unless
the crew in the presence of the British Consul or Vice Consul, or in case of there
not being any such Consul or Vice Consul, then in the presence of one or more
British resident merchants, not interested in the said ship, shall signify their consent
in writing to complete the voyage if continued), or whenever the service of any
seaman shall terminate at any place out of Her Majesty's dominicns, the master
is hereby required to give to each of the crew and to each of the seaman whose
service shall terminate as last aforesaid, a certificate of discharge in the form set
forth in schedule (E.), and also his register ticket, and, besides paying the wages to
which they shall respectively be entitled, either to provide them with adequate
employment on board some other British vessel homeward bound, or to furnish the
means of sending them back to the port in Her Majesty's dominions, at which they
were originally shipped, or to such other port in the United Kingdom as shall be
agreed upon between him and them respectively, or to provide them with a passage
home, or to deposit with the Consul or Vice Consul, merchant or merchants, such
a sum of money as shall be by them deemed sufficient to defray the expenses of the
subsistence and passage of such seamen; and if the master refuse or neglect so
to do, such expenses, when defrayed by such Consul or Vice Consul, or any other
person on behalf of the seamen, shall be a charge upon the owner of such ship,
except in cases of barratry, and may be recovered against such owner as so much
money paid to his use, together with full costs, at the suit of the Consul or other
person defraying such expenses, or as a debt due to Her Majesty, in case the same
shall have been allowed to the Consul out of the public moneys, and if defrayed by
the seaman shall be recoverable as wages due to him ; and in all cases of wreck or
loss of the ship every surviving seaman shall be chtitled to his wages up to the
period of the wreck or loss of the ship, whether such ship shall or shall not have
previously earned freight; provided the seaman shall produce a certificate from the
master or chief surviving officer of the ship, to the effect that he had exerted him-
sclf to the utmost to save the ship, cargo, and stores. § 17.
Supply of Medicines, Lime Juice, Sugar, and Vinegar, &c.—Seamen hurt in
the Service ºf the Ship to have Advice—What Ships to carry Surgeons.—Every
ship navigating between the United Kingdom and any place out of the same shall
have and keep constantly on board a sufficient supply of medicines and medica-
ments suitable to accidents and diseases arising on sea voyages, in accordance
with the scale which shall from time to time or at any time be issued by the
Admiralty, and published in the London Gazette; and every ship (except those
bound to European ports or to ports in the Mediterranean Sea) shall also have on
board a sufficient quantity of lime or lemon juice, sugar, and vinegar, the lime or
lemon juice, sugar, and vinegar to be served out to the crew whenever they shall
have been consuming salt provisions for ten days; the lime or lemon juice and
sugar daily, after the rate of half an ounce cach per day, and the vinegar weekly,
at the rate of half a pint per week to each person, so long as the consumption of
salt provisions be continued; and in case any default be made in providing and
keeping such medicines, medicaments, and lime or lemon juice, sugar, and vinegar,
the owner of the ship shall incur a penalty of 20l. for each default; and in case of
default of serving out such lime or lemon juice, sugar, or vinegar, the master shall
incur a penalty of 57. for each default; and in case the master or any seaman shall
receive any hurt or injury in the service of the ship, the expense of providing the


16 SEAM1EN. [1845.
necessary surgical and medical advice, with attendance and medicines, and for his
subsistence until he shall have been cured, or shall have been brought back to some
port of the United Kingdom, shall, together with the cost of his conveyance to the
United Kingdom, be defrayed by the owner of the ship without any deduction
whatever on that account from the wages of such master or seaman; and, if paid
by any officer or other person on behalf of Her Majesty, the amount with full costs
of suit, shall be recovered as a debt due to Her Majesty ; and every ship having
one hundred persons or upwards on board, and every ship the voyage of which
shall be deemed under the provisions of the Act passed in 6 Vict, intituled “An
Act for regulating the Carriage of Passengers in \lerchant Vessels,” + to exceed
twelve weeks, having fifty persons or upwards on board, shall have on board, as one
of her complement, some person duly authorised by law to practise in this kingdom
as a physician, surgeon, or apothecary ; and in case of every default the owner
shall incur a penalty not exceeding 100/. § 18.
Office.—“The General R, ſister and Record Office of Sºunen,” with every
thing appertaining to the said oriive, shall be maintained and continued, and sub-
ject to such regulations, and control, as the Admiralty have directed or shall
direct; and the Admiralty shali have power to fix such fees as they may deem
proper to be paid by the applicai,ts for the inspection and copies of documents in
the office. § 19.
Register Tickets to be proce, e.' – 1, preutics to obtai, Tickets.--Every per-
son, being a subject of iler Majesty, intending to serve on board any ship subject to
the provisions of this Act (except as master or physician, surgeon or apothecary),
is hereby required to provide himself with a register ticket, and for that purpose to
apply personally at the General Regist, r and Record Office of Seamen in London,
or at the Custom Houses of the several outports of the United Kingdom ; and
every applicant is hereby required to answer truly, to the best of his ability, all the
questions set forth in Schedule (F.) to this Act annexed, before he shall be entitled
to receive his Register ticket; and no person shall serve in any capacity on board
any ship subject to any of the provisions of this Act (except the master, physician,
surgeon, or apothecary) who is not possessed of such register ticket; and the
masters of all apprentices who shall be bound after the commencement of this Act,
or whose apprenticeship shall be in fºrce when this Act takes effect, shall, before
commencing a voyage, bring all Indentures and Assignments of apprenticeships,
together with the apprentices themselves, to the Registrar of Seamen in London, or
to the Custom House of the nearest port, in order that each of such apprentices
may be furnished with a register ticket, which ticket shall be annexed and be kept
annexed to the original Indenture retained by the master, and shall be delivered up
to the apprentice by the master at the expiration of the apprenticeship ; and the
Registrar of Seamen, and the Collectors and Comptrollers of Customs respectively
are hereby required to grant such tickets to all seamen and other persons requiring
the same, and duly complying with the provisions aforesaid. § 20.
Register Ticket lost.—If any seaman shall lose his register ticket he shall forth-
with appear in person, and represent his case to the Registrar of Seamen in
London, or the Collector or Comptroller of Customs at any of the outports; and
he shall truly answer all reasonable questions put to him by the said Registrar or
Officer of Customs; and if it appear that no fraud has been committed, and the
loss was unavoidable, he shall be furnished with another register ticket; but if it
appear that the seaman did not take due and reasonable care of his former ticket,
or if he shall not give a satisfactory account of the same, he shall be liable to a
penalty of not exceeding 10s. and not less than 2s., and shall not be entitled to
any other ticket until such penalty shall be paid; and every person who shall
apply for any ticket, and shall give a false answer to any reasonable question
which may be put to him by the Registrar of Seamen, or his assistant, or by the
Collector or Comptroller of Customs, with reference to the granting such ticket,
shall be guilty of a misdemeanor. § 22.
Register Tickets of Parties dead.—All District Registrars of Births, Deaths,
and Marriages are hereby required to demand from the person registering the
death of any seaman the register ticket of such seaman, and, if delivered to any
such Registrar, he shall forthwith forward the same to the Registrar of Seamen;
* Given in a former wear.


PART I.] SEAMEN. 17
and no person, other than the Registrar of Seamen, shall retain the ticket of a
deceased seaman; and if any person retain any such ticket for more than twenty
days after the death of any such seaman, or ten days after the arrival of the ship in
the United Kingdom should the seaman die abroad, he shall be liable to a penalty
of not exceeding 5l. in respect of every such register ticket so detained. § 23.
Cancelled Tickets.-A list shall be prepared from time to time by the Registrar
of Seamen, setting forth the numbers of all the register tickets that have been
cancelled by reason of the death of seamen or otherwise within the preceding six
calendar months; and such lists shall be published half-yearly in the London
Gazette, and shall also be transmitted by the Registrar from time to time to the
Collectors and Comptrollers of Customs, to be by them conspicuously exhibited
in the Custom Houses and other stations of their respected ports, and copies of
such lists shall be delivered to any master or owner on application; and every
master or owner entering into an agreement with any seaman producing such can-
celled ticket shall be liable to and incur a penalty of not exceeding 5l.; and every
seaman tendering or delivering to a master a cancelled ticket, or any other ticket
not legally issued to him, or falsely representing himself to be a foreigner, shall
forfeit to the owner all wages which shall become due to him during the service,
for which he shall agree or shall have agreed. § 24.
Record Copies to be Evidence—Duplicates of all register tickets, and all papers
and documents delivered or transmitted to and retained by the Registrar, shall be
by him recorded and kept; and every copy of such duplicate tickets, papers, and
documents, or any of them, certified by the Registrar or his assistant to be a true
copy, shall be admitted in evidence as fully as the original thereof; and every
copy of a document and endorsement thereon, which may be delivered by any
owner or master under the provisions of this Act, shall be admitted in evidence
against such owner and master, and each of them, as fully as the original of such
document and endorsement. § 25.
Masters of Ships to deliver Lists of Crews. Vessels not to be cleared until List
he rendered.—The master of every ship belonging to any subject of Her Majesty,
and bound to parts beyond the seas, except in the cases herein-after mentioned,
shall, before he leaves his first port of departure from the United Kingdom, trans.
mit or deliver to the Collector and Comptroller of Customs at such port, a list,
signed by himself, of the names of his crew (including apprentices), with the num-
bers of their register tickets, and the capacity in which they are serving on board,
in the form set forth in Schedule (G) to this Act annexed; and if any subsequent
change in his crew take place before finally leaving the United Kingdom the owner
or master shall, upon such change taking place, apprise the Collector and Comp-
troller of Customs at the port where it occurs, by transmitting an amended list is
the same form; and the master or owner of every such ship shall, within forty-
eight hours after the arrival of such ship at her final port of destination in the
United Kingdom, transmit or deliver to the Collector or Comptroller of Customs
at such port, an account or list, signed by himself, of all the seamen and others
(including apprentices) who shall have belonged to the ship at any time during her
absence from the United Kingdom; which account or list shall contain a ful,
true, and correct return under their respective heads of the several particulars
expressed in the form set forth in the Schedule annexed to this Act, and marked
(C), with christian names and surnames of the master and all the crew at full
length, and with the dates of the registry of the indentures of the apprentices, and
the assignments respectively, and the port at which and the time when they were
respectively registered, and also the numbers of the register tickets of every
apprentice and seaman; and no vessel shall be cleared inwards by the tide sur-
veyor or other officer until the master or owner shall produce a certificate from
the Collector or Comptroller (which he is hereby required to give) to the effect
that he has rendered such accounts or lists; and the tide waiters or other officers
left on board shall be maintained at the expense of the master or owner until such
accounts or lists shall be duly delivered. § 26.
Masters of Ships in the Home and Fishing Trade to return Lists. Transire.
—Within twenty-one days after the 30th June and 31st December in each year the
master or owner of every ship belonging to a subject of Her Majesty, of whatever
tonnage, employed in fishing on the coasts of the United Kingdom or elsewhere,
other than in the South Sea, Greenland, and Newfoundland fisheries, or in pro-
c


18 SEAM TX. [1845.
ceeding from one part of the United Kingdon to another, and every ship proceeding
or making voyages to any of the Islands of Jersey, Guernsey, Alderney, Sark, and
Man, or to any port on the Continent ºf Europe, between the River Elbe inclusive
and Brest, shall deliver or transmit to the Collector or Comptroller of Customs of
any port of the United Kingdom, an account, sign, d by such master or owner, of
any voyage or voyages in which such ship Shail huve been engaged during the pre-
ceding half year, ending on the re-pective days ºve intentioned, and setting forth
legibly and at full length the christian and surnames of ti, several persons (includ-
ing the master and apprentices who shall h v incl.1:d to the ship at any time
during such periods respectively ; whi. un: shall be in the form and shall
contain a tru; and corrt ut, ' ' '. - s of the several parti-
culars expressed in the 8 * - “d, with the dates
of the registry of the i.i.lºtures its re-ºctively, and
the ports at which ai, t?: ti.” " rº.ristered, i, ind the
numbers of the register tick t- of v. and no master or
owner shall be elititled to (-1. - do.”: ments neces-
sary to enable him: to cead: ... ?" i , : àtic:) of the
said twenty-one days, until he s h . . a tº ruit "... frºn: such ('ei-
lector of Comptroller (which i. is : ed to j. ... t. , the “ffect that he has
elivered such an account : and in the ptions which may
be unemployed for six months, ºr wh º, d and nºt require a tran-
sire or other Customs docum; nt, the n:a: sh ill notify the sºme to such
Collector or Comptroller within such twenty-one days, a. d in case of every default
the master or owner sh: It w of lºſ. : :ºd all Collectors and
Comptrollers of Cust. ºng shall transmit a
list of all such ships -tered or licensed, or
whose registers or in their respective
ports within each half ye 'ar at the said
office, on or before the ust in each
year respectively. §
Refºrm to he m ºdo iſ
any subject of Her tº:
similar return as requ
the period of such loss,
mitted by the n,
tº .
l
sºrr; . . .r canº', ;
u. it ('ºta: thi:)
inade out up to
iivered or trans-
fer, to the Col-
, , ºth all convenient
i “e out of the United
iſ after the loss, sale, or transfer
* -: , tº
(11" trait:-}
speed, and in case such less,
Kingdoin, within twelve cak
of the ship. § 28.
Lists, &c. fo be se,” fo Registra,’.-
required to be delivered to the Co!,
mitted to the Regist:ar fºr the pur;
otherwise specified in this Act; and exc
neglect to tralism.it, er deliver any list, , or ºti.er doctringºt, as required by
this Act, shall for every refusal or neglect forfeit 1 (j}. § 20
Pleaseſ, a Yach/s.—A ints, or copies thereºf, lists, returns, register
tickets, and other decuments, which ul:der the prev As of this Act are required
to be transmitted or delivered -is of Customs of the
several ports in the United Kingdom, shall, in the case of pleasure yachts, be
transmitted or delivered by the masters or owners of such yachts direct to the
Registrar of seamen, and the owne
penalties for default as herein provided in the cases of the masters or owners of
other ships failing to transmit ºr deliver such documents to such collectors and
comptrollers. § 30.
Disposal of Effects of Seamen dying Abroad.—Whenever any seaman, being
abroad, shall die elsewhere than on board a ship belonging to any subject of Her
Majesty, leaving any money or effects not on board his ship, it shall be lawful for
Her Majesty's Consul or Vice Consul at or nearest to the place, and he is hereby
required, to claim and take charge of all such money and effects, and to dispose of
the effects, if he shall so think fit, and after deducting all necessary and proper
charges and expenses incurred in the collecting thereof, or by or on account of such
seaman, to remit the balance, with a full account of such money or effects, to the
or tr.
*
* , i.v."
:ad documei, is by this Act
Gr ( - s shall be by them trans-
this .", et ead of every week, unless
owner or ºne-te; who shall refuse or


PART I.] SEAMEN. 19
President and Governors of the Corporation “for the relief and support of sick,
maimed, and disabled seamen,” &c.; and in case any seaman dying abroad shall
leave on board his ship any money, clothes, or other effects, or be entitled to any
wages, the master of the said ship shall and he is hereby required to deposit the
same, or the proceeds arising therefrom, with, and to pay such wages to, the Pre-
sident and Governors aforesaid, to be by them disposed of in the same manner as is
provided by the said Act with respect to the wages of seamen dying on board ship,
and to transmit to the said President and Governors at the same time a full account
of such effects and wages; and on failure the master shail forfeit a sum not exceed-
ing 50l., in addition to being accountable for such money, clothes, effects, and
wages; and in all cases of a seaman dying abroad the master shall, on his ship's
return to the United Kingdom, deliver up to the said president and governors the
register ticket of such deccº cd seaman, and tire said president and governors, on
the receipt thereof, shall transmit the game to the Registrar of seamen.
Common Assaults may be summarily punished by Tuco Justices. § 45.
No Seaman to be discharged abroad, nor to be abandoned, or left behind, with-
out Sanction of Consul, Ye. § 46.
Forcing Seamen on shore, &c. a Misdemeanor. § 47.
If any of the Crew are left behind the Proof of Sanction or Authority to be
apon the Master. § 48.
Seamen, when allowed to be left behind, to be paid their Wages. § 49.
Act not to extend to prevent Seamen from entering into the Nary. § 50.
Upon Entry of Seamen into the Navy from any Ships they shall be entitled to
the immediate Delivery up of their Clothes, Register Tickets, and Payment of any
Wages that may be due. § 51.
Power given to Her Majesty to sue for the amount advanced for the Relief of
Seamen left abroad. § 52.
Ship's Agreement, Indentures, and Assignments of Apprenticeship and Register
Tickets, on Arrival at a Foreign Port, to be deposited with the Consul, and at a
colony with the Officers of Customs—Consuls to make Endorsements on Agree-
ments.-And if any master shall neglect to deliver any agreement, indenture,
assignment or register ticket, or such account as aforesaid, he shall for every such
neglect or default forfeit and pay the sum of 20l.; or if any master shall deliver
any false or incorrect account, he shall for every such offence forfeit and pay the
sum of 30l. § 53.
No Seaman to be shipped without the Sanction of Consul.—No seaman shall be
shipped at any such foreign port by any such master, except with the sanction of
such consul or vice consul, to be endorsed or certified on the agreement, under a
penalty of 20l., to be forfeited by the master for every seamen so shipped. § 54.
Masters to produce Agreement, ye. to the Officers of Queen's Ships, under a
Penalty of 20l. § 55.
Consuls, Registrar, and Officers of Customs empowered to require Production
of the Agreement, Muster IRoll, &c., under a penalty of 20l. § 56.
Survey of Provisions, &c.—It shall be lawful for any Consul or Vice Consul of
Her Majesty, and for any Collector or Comptroller of the Customs, upon com-
plaint made by any three or more of the crew, to survey and examine, or cause to
be surveyed and examined, the provisions, water, and medicines put on board any
ship for the use and consumption of the crew ; and if on such survey and exami-
nation it be found that such provisions, water, or medicines are of a bad quality,
or unfit for use, or not appropriate, or there shall not appear to be a sufficient
quantity thereof, the surveying officer shall signify the same in writing to the
master of the ship; and if such master shall not thereupon provide other fit and
proper provisions, water, or medicines in lieu of any which may be signified by the
surveying officer to be of a bad quality, or unfit for use, or not appropriate, or if
any such master shall not thereupon procure the requisite quantity of provisions,
water, and medicines, or shall use any provisions, water, or medicines which shall
have been signified by the surveying officer to be of a bad quality, or unfit for use,
or not appropriate, he shall in cach and every of such cases be guilty of a misde-
meanor. § 57. -
To what Ships Act to Erfend.—This Act shall not extend to any ship regis-
tered in or belonging to any British colony having a Legislative Assembly, or tº
the crew of any such ship, while such ship shall be within the prents of such
C. :


20 SEAMEN. [1845.
colony; but every ship belonging to any colony or possession of Her Majesty,
when proceeding from one part of the United Kingdom to another, or from the
United Kingdom to the Islands of Jersey, Guernsey, Alderney, Sark, or Man, or
from any port in the United Kingdom to any port or possession of any foreign
power or country, or to any colony to which the ship shall not belong, shall be
held to come within the provisions of this Act ; and this Act is hereby extended
to the same; and the owner, master, and crew, including apprentices, of such ship
so trading, are hereby declared liable to the provisions of this Act as fully as the
owner, master, and crew of any British registered ship; and this Act and the pro-
visions thereof (except so far as the same relate to agreements, register tickets, and
having apprentices,) shall also extend and apply to ships belonging to all of Her
Majesty's colonies and possessions abroad, wherever otherwise proceeding or trad-
ing, and to the owners, masters, and crews of such ships, when any such ship
shall be beyond the precincts of the colony or possession to which she shall belong;
and all certificates and sanctions required by this Act to be endorsed on agree-
ments shall, in the case of ships last referred to, be otherwise given in writing
where no written agreement exists. § 61.
Relief to Person from Asia and Africa becominiſ, distressed.—If any person,
being a Malay, Lascar, or native of the territories under the Government of the
East India Company, or if any Asiatic or African seaman, having been brought to
the United Kingdom on board any ship, shall be found or be in the United King-
dom in distress for want of food, clothing, or other necessaries, it shall be lawful
for the commissioners for executing the office of Lord High Admiral of the
United Kingdom, at their discretion, to supply necessary and reasonable relief to
every such person and seaman, and to maintain him until he shall be sent on board
some ship for the purpose of being conveyed to or near to the port from which he
was shipped, and also to pay, and advance the money necessary to procure every
such person and seaman a proper and sufficient passage to such port; and all such
sums of money as shall be paid and advanced by or by order of the Commissioners
for such relief, maintenance, and passage shall become a debt due to Her Majesty,
and be recoverable as such, with full costs of suit, in the courts of law either in Her
Majesty's dominions or in the territories under the Government of the East India
Company, from the owner and master, or either of them, of the ship on board
whereof such person or seaman shall have been brought from Asia or Africa; but
nothing herein contained shall repeal or annul any other Act or Acts now in force
for the relief and conveyance home of any Asiatic or African person or seaman.
§ 64.
SCHEDULES # TO WHICII THIS ACT REFERS.
SCHEDULE (A.)
An agreement made pursuant to the directions of an Act of Parliament passed in
the year of the reign of between
the master of the ship of the port of
and of the burden of tons, and the several
persons whose names are subscribed hereto.
SCHEDULE (B.)
An agreement made pursuant to the directions of an Act of Parliament passed in
the year of the reign of between
the master of the ship of the port of
and of the burden of tons, and the several
persons whose names are subscribed hereto.
* These Schedules are of considerable length ; and as directions will be given thereon at the
various Custom Houses, it is deemed superfluous to give them here.


PART I.] SEAMEN. 21
SCHEDULE (C.)
Ship of the port of of the burden of
tons, whereof was master.
A List of the crew (including the master and apprentices) at the period of quitting
the port of in the United Kingdom, from which she took
her first departure on her voyage to on the
and of the men who joined the ship subsequent to such departure, and until her
return to the port of being her first final port of destina-
tion in the United Kingdom on the day of
184
SCHEDULE (D.)
An account of the voyages in which the ship of
of the burden of tons has been engaged, in the half year
commencing on the day of 18 , and ending
on the day of 18 and of all the Persons
(Master and apprentices included) who have belonged to such ship during that
period.
AccouxT of THE Woy AGES.
| Here the several voyages, and the periods of such voyages, are to be described.]
SHEDULE (E.)
This is to certify, that whose register ticket is num-
bered served as on board the
of the port of of the burden of
tons, from the day of to the
day of and that he was discharged from the said ship on
at
Dated this day of 184
Master
SCHEDULE (F.)
. What is your christian and surname 3
. Have you or have you not been registered before ?
. Where were you born, and when 2
When did you first go to sea 3
In what capacity did you go, and in what capacity have you since served 2
Have you or have you not served in the royal navy
. If you have, how long 2 and in what ships? and in what capacity ?
. Have you or have you not been in foreign service 2
. If you have, how long? and in what capacity? and under what flag 2
. How have you been generally employed at sea 3
. Where is your usual place of residence when unemployed 2
l
l
1


SEA APPRENTICES.
[1845.
SCII EDULE (G.)
Names, and distinguishing numbers of the register tickets of the crew (including
Apprentices) now serving on board the of the port of
of the burden of tons, on taking departure from
the port of
voyage to
in the United Kingdom, bound on a
- - - - | -
Nº. and Date. - Namt. | ('apacity. Numbº of Register
of Ship's Register. t - Ticket.
:
i Yated this day of ! . .
Master.
Particulars to be clearly and le: i)x set fort!,
S(“HEI) [.. LE ( H.
- w Indent ur.
For in of Parish ...ipprent;
s' ('ſ ºf) U. L.E. i.
Form of . , ;", entice's Indenture
SEA AI*PRI, NTI ("FS.
IIour Parish Boys may be put ouf Appren?:, as ſo the Sea Serrice.—it shall be
lawful for the overseers of the poor, or oth r persons having the authority of over-
seers of the poor, in any place in the United Kingdom, to bind by indenture, and
put out as apprentice in the sea service to any of Her Majerty's subjects, being the
owner of any ship registered or licensed in any port of the United Kingdom, any
boy having attained the age of twelve years, and of sufficient health and strength,
who or whose parent or parents is or are chargeable to or maintained by any such
place, or who shall beg for alms therein, with his consent, but not otherwise; and
until such boy shall attain the age of twenty-one years, or shall have served as
apprentice seven years, or whichever shall first happen: provided, that where any
such place separately maintaining its own poor shall be included in any union, or
shall be under the management of a board of guardians, no such binding shall be
valid unless the guardians of such place respectively shall previously have given
their consent thereto, by causing their official seal to be affixed to the indenture,
and the same to be signed by the presiding chairman of the board at any meeting,
and the clerk or person acting as such at such meetings; and provided also, that
every such binding shall be made in the presence of any such boy, and of two
justices of the peace, who shall execute the indenture in testimony of their being
satisfied that such boy hath consented so to be bound, and attained the age, and is
of sufficient health and strength as required by this Act; and the age of every
such boy shall be truly inserted in his indenture, and the age of every such boy
so inserted therein shall (in relation to the continuance of his service) be taken to
be his true age, without any further proof thereof; and any certificate of baptism
of such boy which may be required shall be given and attested by the officiating
minister without fee or reward : provided that no apprenticeship to the sea service,
whether parish or otherwise, shall be binding after the apprentice shall have
attained the age of twenty-one years; and that every indenture, together with his


PART I.] SEA APPRENTICES. 23
register ticket annexed thereto, shall be given up to such apprentice on his attaining
such age, or at the expiration of his apprenticeship, whichever shall first happen,
by the person to whom he shall be bound at the time, under a penalty of 20/.,
to be paid by such person on default; but should any apprenticeship, parish or
otherwise, expire during a voyage, and before the ship's arrival at her final port
of destination in the United Kingdom, such apprenticeship shall, notwithstanding,
continue until the return of the ship to her final port of destination in the United
Kingdom; but after one calendar month from the expiration of such apprentice-
ship the apprentice shall he paid the same wages as an able-bodied seaman or
ordinary seaman of the said ship, according to his qualification. 7 & 8 Vict.
c. 112. § 32. [5th Sep., 1844].
Houſ Parish Apprentice may be turned over to the Sea Service.—It shall be
lawful for any master or person to whom any parish apprentice shall have been or
shall be hereafter bound to a service on shore, according to the statutes for the
time being relating to such apprentices, cr for the executors or administrators, or,
there being none such, for the widow of any deceased master, with the concurrence
of two or more justices of the peace for the place where such boy shall have been
bound apprentice, to assign such boy, with his consent, to be given in the presence
of such justices, but not otherwise, as apprentice to any such owner, to be em-
ployed in the sea service during the period then remaining unexpired of his appren-
ticeship; and every such assignment shall be attested as next herein-after men-
tioned. § 33.
Bankruptcy, &c., or Death.-In the event of the bankruptcy, insolvency, or
death of the master of any such parish apprentice to the sea service, it shall be
lawful for such master, or the executors or administrators of such master, or,
there being none such, for the widow of such deceased master, to assign the
indenture of any such apprentice for the residue of the term then unexpired
therein to any other owner of any such ship; provided, that such assignment, if
executed within the limits of the port of London, shall be attested by the Registrar,
his assistant, or one of his clerks, and if executed at any other port, by the Col-
lector or Comptroller of Customs of such port. § 34.
Hour Parish Officers to prepare Iudentures—Constable to comrey Apprenfice—
Guardians or Orerseers fo procide ('lothing, &c.—Such overseers, guardians, or
oth r persons shall cause the indenture of apprenticeship to be prepared and trans-
mitted in triplicate; (that is to say), two counterparts, besides the indenture, to
the Registrar, if the owner cf the ship to when such apprentice is to be bound
shall be or reside within the limits of the Port of London, and if at aily other port,
to the Collector or Comptroller of Customs at such port ; and shall cause each
such poor boy to be conducted to such place by a constable or other trustworthy
person, at the expense of the place; and when any such boy shall be so bound he
shall be provided by the guardians of the said union or parish, or, in case the
place shall not be included in any union or governed by a board of guardians, by
the overseers, with a sufficient outfit of see clothing, bedding, and similar neces-
saries, to the value of 5!., which amount, together with the expenses to be incurred
in the binding and conveyance of the boy, shall be charged by such guardians or
overseers respectively to the account of the parish or other place by whose over-
seers the boy shall be bound, and be allowed to them in their account; and the
indentures so entered into by the overseers of any place may be sued upon in the
name of the overseers of the poor of the parish or other place for the time being,
by their name of office. § 35.
How Indenſures fo he effested.—Such indentures shall be executed in the
presence of and attested by the constable or other person who shall convey such
apprentice; and such indentures shall bear date respectively on the days on which
they are executed; and such constable or other person shall transmit one of the
countcrparts, duly executed, to the overseers, guardians, or other persons aforesaid,
one to the master, and another to the said Registrar. § 36.
Ships to hare Apprentic's according to Tonnage.—The master or owner of every
ship belonging to any suli, “ of Her Majesty, and of the burden of cighty tons and
upwards (except pleasure yºhis). shall have on board at the time of her proceed-
ing from any port of the United Kingdom, and at all times when absent from thc
United Kingdom, cr navigating the seas, one apprentice, or more, in the following


24 SEA APPRENTICES. [1845.
proportion to the number of tons of his ship's admeasurement, according to the
certificate of registry, ris. :—
For every ship of -
Tons. T on.S.
8() and under 200 at the least 1 apprentice.
24}{) - - 4(){} - - 2 apprentices.
4ü{} - - j%) - - 3 - -
j{}{} , ()() - - 4 - -
It () and upwards -- - - 5 - -
All of who:n, at the period of their being bound respectively, shall be subjects of
lier Majesty, and abºve twelve and under seventeen years of age, and be duly
bound for the term of four years at the least : and if any such master or owner
shall neglect to have on board ship the number of apprentices as hereby
required, together with their respective registered indentures, assignments, and
register tickets, he shall for every such offence forfeit 101. in respect of each
apprentice, indenture, assignment, or register ticket so wanting. § 37.
Cancelling of Indentures, and Death or Đesertion ºf Apprentices.—In case any
indentures of apprenticeship of any description be cancelled, or any apprentice,
parish or otherwise, die on shore or desert, or by reason of the vessel of the master
not having made a voyage for six months shall not be reported in cither of the said
lists, such cancellation, death, desertion, or non-employment shall forthwith be
motified in writing by the master of the apprentice to the Registrar, if the ship on
board which the apprentice was bound to serve shall belong to the Port of London,
or otherwise to the Collector or Comptroller of the port to which the said ship
shall belong ; and for every default the master shall be liai,!e to a penalty of 10!. ;
and the Collector or Comptroller, if the notification be made to him, shall transmit
the same to the Registrar within one week from the receipt thereof; and no can-
celling of any indenture of apprenticeship of any description shall be valid or
effectual without the mutual consent of the parties, or without the consent or in
the absence of the Registrar of seamen in London, or of the Collector or Comp-
troller of Customs of the port in which such cancellation shall take place, or, in
case of bindings by the overseers, without the additional consent of the guardians
of the union or parish whose consent was given to the binding, to be testified by a
copy of a minute of the board forwarded by the clerk to the said guardians. § 38.
Indentures and Assignments of Parish Apprentices to be Registered—Appren-
fices to appear personally.—The Registrar in London, and the Collector and
Comptroller of Customs at each other port, shall, in a book to be kept for that
purpose, cause to be entered from time to time all such indentures and assign-
ments of parish apprentices, specifying therein the dates thereof, the names and
ages of the apprentices, the parishes or places from whence they are sent, the names
and residences of their masters to whom they are bound or assigned, and the names,
ports, and burden of the respective ships to which such masters belong, and shall
make and subscribe on each indenture and assignment an endorsement, purporting
that the same hath been duly registered pursuant to this Act; and such Registrar,
Collectors, and Comptrollers respectively shall require the personal attendance of
every such apprentice at the time of registering his indenture or assignment thereof;
and every such Collector and Comptroller shall also, at the end of each week,
transmit a li-t of the indentures and assignments and cancellations so registered by
him within the week, containing all the particulars aforesaid, to the said Registrar.
§ 39.
Indentures and Assignments of other Apprentices to be Registered—Assignments
of Indentºres of Apprentices.—In every case of a person (other than such parish
apprentice as aforesaid) binding himself apprentice to the sea service the indentures
to be executed on such occasion shall be in duplicate, in the form set forth in
Schedule (I.) to this Act annexed, and a counterpart shall be delivered to the
Registrar, if the master shall be or reside within the Port of London, or if at any
other port, to the Collector or Comptroller of such port; and the indentures shall
be registered in a book to be kept for that purpose by the Registrar, Collectors,
and Comptrollers respectively, and the Collectors and Comptrollers shall also at
the end of each week transmit a list of the indentures and assignments registered
by them within the week, containing all the particulars aforesaid, together with the


PART I.] EMIGRANT'S. 2.5
said counterparts, to the said Registrar, for the purposes of this Act; and it shall
be lawful for the master of such apprentice, or in case of his death his executor or
administrator, with the consent of the apprentice if of the age of seventeen years
or upwards, and if under that age with the consent of his parent or guardian, to
assign or transfer the indenture of any such apprentice to any other master or owner
of any registered ship ; and all such apprentices may during the term for which
they shall be bound be employed in any ship of which the master for the time
being of any such apprentice may be the master or owner: Provided always, that
every such assignment shall be registered and endorsed by the Registrar, or by the
Collector or Comptroller of Customs at the port where the master shall be, or to
which his ship shall belong; and the Collector or Comptroller shall notify the same
to the Registrar, and transmit an exact copy of the endorsement to the Registrar.
§ 40.
Apprentices evenupted from Contributions, and Documents evenpted from Duty.
—No apprentice bound or assigned pursuant to this Act, nor any master or owner
in respect of such apprentice, shall be liable to any payment or contribution to or
towards any hospital or institution; and all agreements, attested copies, indentures,
assignments, counterparts, and tickets, made, signed, or executed in compliance
with or under the provisions of this Act, shall be wholly exempt from stamp duty.
§ 41.
Masters neglecting to Register, ye., Indentireé, and suffering Apprentices to
quit Service.—If any master or owner to whom any apprentice to the sea service
shall be bound or assigned shall neglect to deliver a counterpart, and cause the
indenture or the assignment (as the case may be) to be registered as required by
this Act, so far as depends on such master or owner, within ten days after the bind-
ing or assignment, every such master or owner shall for every such neglect forfeit
101.5 and if any such master or the master of any ship shall, after the ship shall
have proceeded on the voyage upon which such ship may be bound, permit any
apprentice to quit his service or the service of the ship, except for the purpose of
entering into Her Majesty's naval service, every such master shall for every such
offence forfeit 207. § 42.
How Justices to determine Complaints.--Any Justice of the Peace residing at or
near to any port to which any ship as aforesaid, having on board thereof any
apprentice, shall at any time arrive, shall have full power and authority to inquire
into and examine, hear and determine, all claims of apprentices upon their masters
under their indentures, and all complaints of hard or ill usage exercised by their
respective masters towards any such apprentices, or of misbehaviour on the part of
any such apprentices, and to proceed thereupon as one or more Justice or Justices
of the Peace is or are empowered by law to do in other cases between masters and
apprentices; and if the master of any ship shall not send on shore, in the charge
of the mate or other trustworthy person, any apprentice desirous of complaining to
a Justice of the Peace, so soon as the service of the ship will permit, he shall for
every such default forfeit 10l. § 45.
Masters entitled to receive the Wages, ye., ºf Apprentices entering into the
Nary. § 45.
PASSENGERS.
[The lar touching “Passengers” having been giren at large in the Journal
1843, it would seem superfluous to repeat it here.—Ed.]
EMIGRANTS.
NOTICE TO OWNERS, &c. AND MASTERS OF EMIGIRANT SHIPS.
The Owners, Charterers and Masters of Emigrant Ships are hereby reminded that it is not
enough, under the Passengers' Act, that Vessels should leave this country with the proper quan-
tity of Provisions on board, but that it is further required that such Provisions should be regu-
larly served out throughout the voyage at convenient times, not less often than twice a week, to
the Passengers, and that the proper supply of water should be issued daily –And Notice is
hereby given that any infringement of this direction to make regular issues of the provisions and
water will be strictly prosecuted according to law, and the utmost penalties be sued for, whether
or not the whole quantities originally shipped may have been sufficient.— By order of Her Majes-
ty's Colonial Land and Emigration Comunissioners.
- S. W.' Alcolt, Secretary.
Colonial Land and F migration ()ffice.
9. Park-street, Westminster. Alril. 1-1 :


26 BOTTOMRY AND RESPON1) I.NTIA. [1845.
CHAIRTER PARTY.
The term Charter party is generally under tº d to be a corru; tº of the Latin words charta
partita; the two parts of this and other instrula, its hting it willy written in former times on
one piece of parchinent, whicl. was afterwards divid, d is a strºght line cut through some word
or figure, so that oi.e part -hoºld fit aad tºy with the “hºr. “ tº idence of their original agree-
ment and correspondence, and to prevelt the fr; tıdulent ºu' titution of a fictitious instrument
for the real deed of the parties. With the Sa'it is “is, i.dºtºtion was afterwards introduced,
and deeds of more than one part thereby a quil. 1 ºz º.º.sh lawyers the "ame of Inden-
ture. This practice of division, however, has long h ’ ºn li: isºl, aid that of indentation is be-
come a mere form.
This instrument, when the ship is let at ::" lºv “l the ºwners' residence, 1. generally exe-
cuted by them, or some of them and frºquently by the master also , and by the merchant or his
agent. In a foreign port it must, of neces iº, it it he lºy deed under seal, be executed by the
master only, and the merchant or his agent, unless the parties have an agent resident in such
port authorised to this purpose by d ed or letter of attorney under seal — Ahhof.
BOTTOMRY AND IRESPONIDENTIA,
The contract of bottomry is in the rature ºf a mortgage of a ship, whºm the owner of it bor-
rows money to enable him to carry on the vºyage and pledges the kel ºr bºttom of the ship as
a security for the re-payment: and it is intº rºtor that if the hi;, i.e. kºi, the lender also loses
his whole money; but if it returns in safety, tº he shall receive lack his principal, and also
the premium or interest stipulated to be J. h "wº ºr it may x , ed tº ::suºl or legal rate of
interest. When the ship and teckle are bºoltº:ht i. i.iv.,
they are lithi, , ; , well as the person of
the borrower, for the money lent, Jºlt when tº i : is 1...t 1:*::de upºn tº vossel, but upon
the goods and merchandise-laden therein, which rºa tºir natur intºst he sºld er exchanged
in the course of the voyage, then the borrow or only is personally hºt.”, l to anºwer the contract,
who, therefore, in this case is said to take up is:oney at respo...!
‘. ... In tº:- consists the dif-
ference between bottomry and respºndentia, that the one is a ºn tºon the ship, the other
upon the goods: in the former, the ship and tºke are liable, as well as the person of the bor-
rower; in the latter, for the most part, recours must he had to the person ºnly of the borrower.
Another observation is, that in a lººn upºn bottºnry the 1, der ruins no risk, though the goods
should he lost; and upon respondentia the lender must be pail his princi:
ºil and interest,
though the ship perish, provided the goods are safe.
But in all ºther respects the contract of
bottomry and that of respondentia are upon the same foºting: th: rºiºs ºrd decisions applicable
to one are applicable to both ; and, therefore, in the course ºf our inquiri: ; they shall be treated
as one and the same thing, it being sufficient to have once ºrked the distinction between
them.—Park.
ADMIRALTY COURT, FRIDAY, JUNE 21, 1844.
TH e :, Oro Cochi ix.a. NE.
This was a question as to the validity of a bottomry-bond given at Pernambuco
upon the ship, cargo, and freight. The vessel, which belonged to Mr. Benson, of
Liverpool, left this country in the spring of 1839, destined to the Island of Ascen-
sion, with Government stores, and afterwards to go to Pernambuco for cargo. She
landed the stores at Ascension, disposed of the remainder of her cargo at Perman-
buco, and took a homeward freight. In leaving the port she sustained damage by
running on the bar, and was forced to put back and repair. The bond was given
to cover advances for this purpose, and the result of this accident was very unfor-
tunate, the repairs and expenses incurred by the master exceeding the value of the
ship and freight, and the present question was, whether the remainder, nearly
5,000l., should fall upon the cargo.
Dr. Addams (with whom was Dr. Bayford), in opposition to the bond, did not
question its validity generally, but as aſſecting the cargo and the owners of the
cargo. Till the case of the Gratitudine, it was a question whether, under any
circumstances, it was in the power of the master of a ship to hypothecate the
cargo; but in that case Lord Stowell held that a master might, under particular
and special circumstances, hypothecate cargo. In this case there were no such
special circumstances, and the advances made under the bond, though they might
be for the benefit of the ship and freight, were not for the benefit of the cargo.


PART I.] COLLISION. 27
Dr. LUSHINGTON, without hearing Dr. Harding and Dr. Elphinstone in sup-
port of the bond, was clearly of opinion that there was no tenable ground of
opposition to it. The master was without funds or credit at Pernambuco ; for
although the respectability of the owner was well known, he had furnished the
master with no authority to draw upon any person in the Brazils; and there was
nothing in the whole transaction, unfortunate as it had turned out, which had
the slightest appearance of fraud or impropriety; on the contrary, the agent for
Messrs. M'Calment and Co., who had advanced the money, had acted for the best.
The shippers of the cargo were upon the spot, and could have objected, but, with
one or two trifling exceptions, they had acquiesced. It was idle to suppose that
the cargo could be exempted from liability where the ship and freight were insuf-
ficient, and he pronounced for the validity of the bond, with interest and costs.
DEMURRAGE.
The merchant usually covenants to load and unload the ship, within a limited number of days
after she shall be ready to receive the cargo and after arrival at the destined port, and to pay the
freight in the manner appointed. Frequently also it is stipulated that the ship shall, if required,
wait a further time to load and unload, or to sail with convoy, for which the merchant cove-
nants to pay a daily sum. This delay, and the payment to be made for it, are both called
loemurrage.—Abbott.
COLLISION.
RULE OF NAVIGATION.
Trinity House, London, Oct. 30, 1840.
The attention of this corporation having been directed to the numerous severe,
and in some instances fatal accidents, which have resulted from the collision of
vessels navigated by steam, and it appearing to be indispensably necessary, in
order to guard against the recurrence of similar calamities, that a regulation should
be established for the guidance and government of persons intrusted with the charge
of such vessels; and
Whereas the recognised rule for sailing vessels is, that those having the wind fair
shall give way to those on a wind;
That when both are going by the wind, the vessel on the starboard tack shall
keep her wind, and the one on the larboard tack bear up strongly, passing each
other on the larboard hand;
That when both vessels have the wind large or a-beam, and meet, they shal!
pass each other in the same way on the larboard hand, to effect which two last-
mentioned objects the helm must be put to port;
And as steam-vessels may be considered in the light of vessels navigating with
a fair wind, and should give way to sailing vessels on a wind of either tack, it
becomes only necessary to provide a rule for their observance when meeting other
stcamers, or sailing vessels going large.
Under these considerations and with the object before stated, this board has
deemed it right to frame and promulgate the following rule, which, on commu-
nication with the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty, the Elder Brethren find
has been already adopted in respect of steam-vessels in Her Majesty's service;
and they desire earnestly to impress upon the minds of all persons having charge
of steam-vessels, the propriety and urgent necessity of a strict adherence thereto :
ric.
Rule.—when steam-vessels on different courses must inevitably or necessarily


28 COLLISION. [1845.
cross so near that, by continuing their respective courses, there would be a risk of
their coming in collision, each vessel shall put her helm to port, so as always to
pass on the larboard side of each other.
A steam-vessel passing another in a narrow channel must always leave the
vessel she is passing on the larboard hand.—By order,
J. H tº Bert, Secretary.
Ai} \! I R.A.I.T.Y. ("() U RT, Tu Es D.A.Y., J.A.N. 23, 18 1.
tº it i. CO H. () N I.-.
This was a cross action between the owners of two brigs, the Susan and the
Colonia, which, on the afternoon of the 4th of October, in daylight, the weather
being fair, came into collision off Folkestone. The fault of the collision was attri-
buted by each vessel to the other, and this question depended upon the consi-
deration of matters of nautical science, to determine which the Court had the
assistance of Tridity \lasters.
After heari: ; 1)r. Addai,\s, and Dr. R. Phillimore for the Susan, and the
Queen's Advocate and Dr. Bayford for the Colonia,
The Trinity Masters delivered it as their ºpinion, that the collision was entirely
in consequence of the Colonia starboarding her hºlin when she ought to have put
it to port, and that there was no reason whatever to impute any blame to the
Susan.
Dr. Lu's 11 IN (; roN pronounced for the claim of the Susan, and dismissed the
owners of that vessel from the other action, with cºsts.
i H. H. i - I N + R A N "i".
Dr. LU-111N Gºros gave jud.";mºnt in this case, which stood over from the 20tſ,
of December, to enable the Court and Trinity Masters to consider some nice nau-
tical points. The learned Judge now stated, with reference to the facts, that it
might have been prudent for the Itinerant, which, in a foggy night, was under a
press of sail, to have taken in her studding sails, but the Court was not of opinion
that the collis on was occasioned by the omission of the linerant so to do, and
that the cºnduct of that vessel did not make her responsº.he for the damage sus-
tained by the Isabella. The foundation of the judgment of the Court was, that
where measures of prudence ought to be adopted, which must be very difficult and
almost impossible to define beforehand, and which particular measures must depend
upon circumstances almost always varying—such as the state of the wind, the tide,
and the number of vessels in the neighbourhood—it was impossible to ascribe
direct blame to any vessel merely because she did not adopt a particular measure
of precaution which could not be defined beforehand; and as the onus lay on the
party charging the Itinerant to make out their case, and as they had not done so
satisfactorily to the Court, that vessel was not held responsible. But it was not
to be understood (the learned Judge added) from this judgment, that in every
case of this kind the Court would hold the party discharged from liability. In
the present case both the Court and the Trinity Masters released the Itinerant,
more especially on the ground that they were all of opinion that the accident would
have occurred lot what might have been done.
ADMIRALTY COURT, TUEs DAY, MARcil 12, 1844.
THE CHRISTINA.
The collision in this case occurred on the night of the 29th of November,
between two schooners, the Christina of 100 tons, and the Draper of 80 tons;
the former on her voyage to Rouen with coals, the latter from Exmouth to
Portsmouth with general merchandise. The place of the accident was between
Dungeness and the North Foreland. The consequences of the collision were, that
the Draper sank in a quarter of an hour afterwards, and the Christina was obliged
to put into Ramsgate to repair her damage. The evidence as to all the material
facts—direction of the wind, courses of the vessels, points from whence seen, and
measures taken before and after the occurrence—was in a state of utter conflict.
The Court was assisted by Trinity Masters.


PART I.] MARINE INSURANCE. 29
After hearing Dr. Addams and Dr. Pratt for the Draper, and the Queen's
Advocate and Dr. Bayford for the Christina.
Dr. LUSHINGTON summed up the case to the gentlemen by whom he was
assisted, observing that it was wholly impossible to reconcile the affidavits, and
difficult to say to which side credit should be given.
The Trinity Masters said, that this case was so contradictory altogether in its
statements, that previous to coming into Court, they had requested the assistance
of the Deputy-Master. Both vessels stated that they saw the other on the lee
bow, steering in opposite directions, and both stated that they were closehauled,
which was impossible. From certain admitted facts, however, they were of
opinion that the Christina's statement had been borne out, and that no blame
attached to her; but that the blame attached exclusively to the Draper, the vessel
sunk.
The learned Judge pronounced for the damage, adding that, however he might
regret it, yet according to the principles adopted in other Courts, and as a matter
of justice to the other party, he was bound to give the costs.
MARINE INSURANCE,
Insurance is a contract by which the insurer undertakes, in consideration of a premium equi-
valent to the hazard run, to indemnify the person insured against certain perils or losses, or
against some particular event. When insurance in general is spoken of by professional men, it
is understood to signify Marine Insurance. It is in this light we are at present to consider it:
and from the preceding definition, it appears to be a contract of indemnity against those perils
to which ships or goods are exposed in the course of their voyage from one place to another.
The utility of this species of contract in a commercial country is obvious, and has been taken
notice of by very distinguished writers upon commercial affairs. Insurances give great security
to the fortunes of private people, and, by dividing amongst many that loss which would ruin an
individual, make it fall light and easy upon the whole society. It is clear that, wherever foreign
commerce was introduced, insurance must have soon followed as a necessary attendant, it being
impossible to carry on any very extensive trade without it, especially in time of war.—Park.
Fon STAXIP DUTIEs, see Part VII.
ROLLS' COURT, CHANCERY-LANE, SATURDAY, JULY 6, 1844.
ELLWAN n ". M. “DoNNELL.
This cause came on upon the defendant's exceptions to the master's report, that
his further answer was insufficient.
Mr. Kindersley, Mr. Turner, and Mr. Hetherington were for the defendant
against, and Mr. IIeathfield for the plaintiff for, the report.
The bill stated the formation, in Dublin, of “The Patriotic Assurance Company
of Ireland,” in 1826; their employment of the defendant, who, at the time of
filing the bill, was a member, as their agent in England; that William Ellwand,
the plaintiff's father, insured with them goods on board the Anne, from Liverpool
to Buenos Ayres; and the defendant, as the company's agent, signed the policy for
3001. The Anne was captured by the Brazilian Government, and the goods were
seized and condemned. William Ellwand brought an action for a total loss, on
which the company proposed to pay 60l. per cent. ; Ellwand to make what he
could of his goods by salvage or compensation. Ellwand agreed, on having his
costs. The 200l. and costs were paid. Ellwand delivered up the policy, on which
a memorandum was endorsed by the defendant, “Settled—60l. per cent., by com-
promise, in full of all claim ;” and the company gave up the goods, and renounced
all right to salvage or compensation. The Brazilian Government afterwards made
compensation, which they paid to the British Chargé d'Affaires, and he transferred
to the company, who sent out powers to claim from the commissioners, a portion of
the indemnity. William Ellwand died, leaving the plaintiff his executor, who filed
the bill, insisting that the company were trustees for him, charging that the
defendant was a member, and that by their Act all actions and suits were to be
instituted against the secretary, or against any one member, as the nominal
defendant on behalf of the company, and containing various interrogatories for dis-
covery. The prayer was for a declaration that the plaintiff was entitled to the
whole of the moneys received from the Brazilian Government.


30 SALWAGE. [1845.
The defendant, in his first answer, of February, 1843, said he was, but is not
now, one of the members; in his second answer of November last, he said he
was not a member, but was one at the time of filing the original bill; and, in
his last answer, said, he constantly r, sided in 1. ndon, never had any share in the
direction, which was carried on in ljublin entirely by the directors there, who had
the exclusive custody of the book-, ai.d that he was the I.ondon agent.
Lord I, AN (; D.A 1.1, said, the single qu-‘ion wa- whether the answer was sufficient.
The plaintiiſ, being resident lºre. did nºt go to Ireland, where he might sue the
secretary, but sued the deſirlºut here in in-land, and wanted a discovery of
papers. The defendant -ai', “I am nºt a rººmber: I was one, but am not now,
and I have no right to g. t at tº dº it-.” The only answer he had heard to
this was, “You must be able to . il. in Sº..., how ºr other,” and the argument
was, “You were a member v h ’ j : 'ill was "...l, and cannot get rid of your
liability as such by any sub-ºpte:It act.” The defendant had divested himself, he
would not say propelly, it might b iii prº r, of the power of giving the discovery,
and was he to be put into ºwl. iiiul tº d, fºldant put in the best answer he was
able ; and having divosted himself ºf the pºwer of obtaining certain information,
was he to be sent to prisºn be l il : it . No authority had been
eited; neither was he to send the nºiant to gu cause his solicitor could not
find papers. The defendant has in: been a ‘ing the liabilities had now
ceased to be one : he might be liable per , hit lººd no right to walk into the
company's office and say, “(ii e nic tº ini. tion.” The account he had given
onght to exempt him : the exceptions ºne' ... alloº
a 1.d the deposit returned.
W. ESTERN CIRCUIT.
13RISTOL, SATURI AY, Avg. 23, 18 #.
t Before Mr. Justice PAT:
PARK IT. W. T.;; in M. i -. ) S A N :) (), HER-.
:-ox ºrd a Special Jury).
Mr. Crowder, Mr. Serj at Yianning, and \! r. Iłall conducted the case for the
plaintiff, and Mr. Cockburn and Mr. Rutt that for the defendants.
This action was brought to recover the amºunt of the loss on a policy of
insurance for 2,000l., which had been liveted on a vessel called the “ Hutchinson"
by the Forth Marine Insurance Company, of which the defendants were members.
The ship was built in 1825, and purchased by the plaintiff in 1838, when she was
repaired at an expense of 1,500. In 1841 she was charted by Laurie, Hamilton,
and Co., on a voyage to Sierra Leone, and then this insurance was effected. On
the 10th of March, 1841, the vessel sailed from Bristol, under the command of
Captain White. In the Bay of Biscay the weather was very bad, but the vessel
arrived in the Malacouri river on the 15th of April, where it remained till the 9th
of July, when she sailed for England. When off the Isles de Los there was very
rough weather, but when off Cape Verd the windlass, anchor, &c., were lost, and
the vessel became leaky, and with some difficulty reached the Gambia river. An
agent of Lloyd's then surveyed the vessel, and it being found necessary that very
considerable repairs must be done, and which could not be completed there, it
was considered best to sell the vessel, which fetched # 1 1/. The defendants con-
tended that they were not liable for a total loss, but only a portion, and they paid
400l. into Court, and alleged that the question was whether the vessel had sus-
tained the damage by the perils of the sea or through unworthiness.
Mr. Justice PATTEsox having summed up,
The Jury returned a verdict for the plaintiff, the amount of damage to be regu-
lated by Mr. Powell of London.
SALWAGE.
Salvage is an allowance made for saving a ship or goods, or both, from the dangers of the
sea, fire, pirates, or enemies; and it is also sometimes used to signify the thing itself which is
saved; but it is in the former sense only in which we are at present to consider it. -
The propriety and justice of such an allowance must be evident to every one; for nothing call
be more reasonable than that he who has recovered the property of another from imminent dam-
ger by great labour, or perhaps at the hazard of his life, should be rewarded by him who has


Pant I.] SALWAGE. 31
been so materially benefitted by that labour. Accordingly, all maritime states, irom the Rho-
dians down to the present time, have made certain regulations, fixing the rate of salvage in some
instances, and leaving it in others to depend upon particular circumstances.—Park
ADMIRALTY COURT, Mos DAY, JUNE 3, 1844.
THE Gj.-ASGOW I’A (; Kič’I.
Dr. Lush INGTON gave senteuce in this case. The vessel proceeded against,
bound from Glasgow to London, had been run into by another vessel whilst at
anchor in Gravesend-reach ; upon which her ancher was slipped, and she was
towed by the Tam O’Shanter to the Essex shore, in the performance of which
service three men from the Spring assisted, and sºme parts of the cargo were put
on board the Grey Mare Meg. The services cf the sai.ors commenced, according
to their own account, whilst the vessel was in this condition at anchor, and likely
to sink. The learned Judge directed his attention to the following points:—first,
when the service did commence; secºnd, of what kind it was, and the degree of
merit to be attributed to it; third, when it ended. The salvors alleged that it
commenced about eleven o'clock on the 30th of November, by the mate hailing
them to save what they could : this averment was not specifically denied, and was
supported by affidavits. The Hope and the Confidence afterwards came up, and
the mate gave charge of the vessel to two of the salvors; and as the Court must
take the meaning of a written document from its contents, not from any parol
explanation, the effect of this charge was, that the care of the vessel was given to
the persons named, and that it conveyed an authority to do all they thought fit for
the preservation of the property. He was, therefore, of opinion that those salvors
were entitled to be paid a reasonable compensation for their exertions from about
noon of the 30th of November till soline time on the 2d of December, when the
persons arrived from London. The tender of 91. 12s. he thought inadequate for
these services; but before he adjudicated, he must lock to subsequent occurrences.
The next question was, whether these men were legally discharged from further
interference with the vessel and vºli.”. In ordinary cases, when the services of the
first set of salvors had been accepts d, and they were competent to perform the whole
service, they could not be ibsequent salvors; but here the vessel was
actually sunk, and the origin; could not have raised her, and besides, the
owners were cn the spot. Nor had possessiº been acquired by successful services,
and there was no necessity fºr i.eeping the ship as a security; the owners were
known, and the ship could not have escaped the process of the Court. If, then,
they were discharged de facto by the owners or their agents, there was no justifiable
pretence for any attempt to continue their servicts, a...! they could not claim pay-
ment for what was due against the will of the owners. As to the fact of their
having been discharged on 2d ºf Decemnly r, when ons arrived who were
hired to weigh the ship, there could be no do !e considered the subsequent
conduct of the salvors after their discharge as exºced reprehensible, and he
should not allow any compensation to them for services, if they were services,
improperly intruded. He pronous:...ed against the tender, and gave 10/. for the
services performed between the 39th of November and the 2d of December, and he
limited the costs of salvors to 2i}{.. nonine expensarum. He could not conclude
without adverting to the affidavits made by a persºn of the name of Neale. In the
first, he stated that “unless there had been a great number of men employed in
addition to those provided by the said Benjamin Jones and the part of the schooner's
crew who were also there, thi, schºoner could not possibly have been raised, and
that there was, with the said James Groves and the men who acted with him,
scarcely strength enough for that purpose.” In the second affidavit, he swore,
“that the barges, lighters, and apparatus with deponent and the other men em-
ployed by the said Benjamin Jones, coupled with the ance of the schooner's
crew, were amply sufficient for raising the schooner”—in its very terms contradict-
ing what he had originally sworn. He (the learned Judge) should consider the
propriety of submitting these affidavits to the Lords Commissioners of the Admi-
ralty, and whether their lordships might not think it right and proper to give
directions to their solicitor to prosecute this person, and all others who should so
attempt to pervert the course of iustice.
s
k


:3:2 SALWAGE. 1845.
ADM11 it.A LTY COURT, FRIiy Ay, Ju I.Y 12, 1844.
Tii º J () ti N (; () () I.).A. i.i.
The vessel in this case was sued by no less than three sets of salvors, each
bringing a separate action, and appearing by two counsel. The short facts of the
case were these :—The vessel, of 399 tons burden, had left London, bound on a
voyage to the Cape and Calcutta, with a valuable cargo, in tow of a steam-tug,
the Gray Mare Meg, on the 24th of April last. She had arrived off Gravesend,
and anchored close to the Kentish shore, where, in the night, she was discovered
to be on fire in the hold, supposed to be the effect of spontaneous combustion. A
signal of distress was hoisted, and there was presently no lack of assistance—21
skiffs, with 67 Gravesend men on board, including two pilots and two steam-
vessels, the Gray Mare Meg and the Lion, offered their services, and the people
on board the John Goodall were literally “encumbered with help.” The vessel
was conveyed from the Kent to the Essex shore, and scuttled so as to extinguish
the flames; part of the property, especially the chronometers, was carried on
shore, and she was finally conveyed towards London, the constant pumping being
insufficient to keep her free. The present value of the property, after the damage
sustained by fire and water, was 13,382/. The owners had tendered 120/. to the
steamer Gray Mare Meg, and 100l. to the Lion, but made no tender to the pilots
or the Gravesend men, considering their services to have been unnecessary and
intrusive.
The parties were represented respectively by the Quº, n's Advocate, Dr. Phil-
limore, Dr. Addams, Dr. Haggard, Or. Harding, Dr. Bayford, lor. R. Phillimore,
and Dr. H. Nicholl.
Dr. LU's HINGToN, after investigating and discriminating with great care the
facts and the nature of the services rendered by the respectiv claimants, came to
the conclusion that the services rendered by the Gravesend men had been promptly
and efficiently rendered, though they were not of a nature to be highly rewarded,
and he allotted to them 250l., out of which two, named Briggs and Dicks, were
to be paid 5l. each, in addition to their share : to the Grey Mare Meg he gave
150l., instead of 120l., the sum tendered ; and with respect to the Lion, which
had done no more than tug the disabled vessel, with the assistance of the other
steamer, up to London, he pronounced in favºur of the tender, though without
(under the circumstances) condemning the owners of that vessel in the costs. The
learned Judge commented severely upon the unnecessary proceeding, on the part
of the salvors, in three separate actions, and intimated, that if it were repeated, he
should take measures to repress the practice.
The Queen's Advocate (for the owners.)—Are the owners to pay the costs of all
the three parties 2
Dr. LU's IIINGTON.—The costs of one set of salvors, to whom you made no
tender, and the costs of another, to whom you made an insufficient tender; but
not the costs of the Lion.


P A R T T H E S E CON ID.
SMUGGLING.
Dr. Johnson defines a smuggler as “A wretch who, in defiance of justice and the laws, im-
ports or exports goods either contraband, or without payment of the customs.” And Adam
Smith says, “Smuggling is the most hazardous of all trades, and the infallible road to bank-
ruptcy.” In the language of Scripture, too, it may be said, “It is but labour lost that ye haste
to rise up early, and so late take rest.”
The regulations under this title are restricted to those only that are applicable to persons pur-
suing smuggling as a trade.
In other instances, such as mere inadvertency, or a casual slip of moral duty, they will be
found in Part III., under IMP or T, ENTRY, or BAGGAGE, as the case may be.
The laws on this head having been given in the Journal for former years, it is deemed unne-
cessary to repeat them. The new Acts of the present year will, however, be found below.—Ed.
Persons on board Foreign Mail Packets, having Contraband Goods.--
Every person who shall be found or discovered to have been on board any
foreign post office packet, being a national vessel employed in conveying the
mails between any foreign country and the United Kingdom, such packet
being found or discovered to have been within any port, harbour, river, or
creek in the United Kingdom, not being driven thereinto by stress of
weather or other unavoidable accident, having on board or in any manner
attached thereto, or having had on board or in any manner attached
thereto, or conveying or having conveyed in any manner, any spirits,
not being in a cask or package, containing 20 gallons at the least, or
any tea exceeding 6lb. in the whole, or any tobacco or snuff, not being
in a cask or package, containing 300 lb. at least, shall forfeit 100l. ; and it
shall be lawful for any officer of the army, navy, or marines, being duly
employed for the prevention of smuggling, and on full pay, or for any
officer of customs or excise, or other person acting in his aid, or duly
employed for the prevention of smuggling, and he is hereby authorised
and required to detain every such person, and to carry and convey such
person before any justice of the peace, to be dealt with according to law:
provided, that no such person shall be liable to be detained for any such
offence unless there shall be reasonable ground to believe that such person
was the owner of such goods, or was concerned in bringing the same into
such places, or in concealing the same. 7 Vict. c. 16. § 4. [6th June,
1844].
How several Persons concerned in the same Offence may be sued.—
Where by any Act relating to the Customs a penalty is imposed upon every
person committing or concerned in the act by which such penalty is in-
curred, and such offence shall have been committed by several persons
jointly, or several persons shall have been concerned in the same, such
several persons shall jointly and severally incur every such penalty; and it
shall be lawful to proceed against such persons to recover such penalties
jointly by one information, or severally by separate informations, as the
Attorney-General or the Commissioners of Her Majesty's Customs respec-
tively may deem expedient. § 5.
nx


34 SMUGGI,ING. [1845.
Persons haring been before convicted.—Where any verdict shall hereafter
pass against any person in any of Her Majesty's Courts of Record for any
offence committed after the passing of this Act, for which offence any pecu-
niary penalty shall have been inflicted by any Act relating to the Customs,
and such person shall have before been duly convicted, either by verdict in
any of Her Majesty's Courts of Record or otherwise, of any such offence, it
shall be lawful for the Judges of the Court in which such person shall be
convicted to order and adjudge that such person shall, in lieu of any penalty,
be imprisoned in any house of correction for any period not less than six nor
more than twelve calendar months; and the governor or keeper of any
house of correction is hereby required to receive any person committed
under any such order or judgment. § 6.
Bail.--When any writ of capias shall hereafter issue against any person
for any such offence as is hereinbefore lastly mentioned, and such person
shall before have been convicted of any such offence, such writ shall issue
and such person shall be held to bail for the full amount of the penalty
sought to be recovered against him. $ 7.


P A R T T H E T H I R. D.
UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN
AND IRELAND.
Such is the patriot’s boast where'er we roam,
His first, best country ever is at home.—Goldsmith.
IMPORTS–ENTRY, &c.
Persons unshipping, harbouring, or having Custody of prohibited or un-
customed or warehoused Goods.-Every person who shall, either in the
United Kingdom or the Isle of Man, assist or be otherwise concerned in the
unshipping of any goods which are prohibited to be imported into the United
Kingdom or into the Isle of Man, or the duties for which have not been
paid or secured, or who shall knowingly harbour, keep, or conceal, or shall
knowingly permit or suffer to be harboured, kept, or concealed, any goods
which shall have been illegally unshipped without payment of duties, or
which shall have been illegally removed without payment of the same, from
any warehouse or place of security in which they may have been deposited,
or any goods prohibited to be imported, or to be used or consumed in the
United Kingdom or in the Isle of Man, and every person, either in the
United Kingdom or the Isle of Man, to whose hands and possession any
such uncustomed or prohibited goods shall knowingly come, or who shall
assist or be in anywise concerned in the illegal removal of any goods from
any warehouse or place of security in which they shall have been deposited
as aforesaid, shall forfeit either the treble value thereof, or the penalty of
100l., at the election of the commissioners of customs. 3 & 4 W. 4, c. 53,
§ 44.
Returned Goods. Bill of Store. Property not changed. Foreign
Goods. Goods warehoused. Certain Goods may not be returned for
IIome Use.—It shall be lawful to reimport into the United Kingdom from
any place, in a ship of any country, any goods (except as hereinafter ex-
cepted) which shall have been legally exported from the United Kingdom,
and to enter the same by bill of store, referring to the entry outwards and
exportation thereof, provided the property in such goods continue in the per-
son by whom or on whose account the same have been exported, and that
such re-importation take place within six years from the date of the expor-
tation *; and if the goods so returned be foreign goods, which had before
* By 6 & 7 Will.4, c. 60, § 2 [Aug. 13, 1836], any goods which have been legally exported
from the United Kingdom, and which shall afterwards be re-imported into. the same, the real
proprietor thereof being then absent therefrom, shall upon such re-importation be permitted to
In 2


3G UNITED KINGDOM.–IM ports, Entry, &c. [1845.
been legally imported into the l’nited Kingdom, the same duties shall be
payable thereon as would at the time of such re-importation be payable on
the like goods under the same circumstances of importation as those under
which such goods had been originally imported, or such goods may be ware-
housed as the like goods might be war, horst d upon a first importation
thereof: Provided always, that the several sorts of goods cºmunerated or de-
scribed in the table following shall not be re-imported into the United King-
dom for home use, upon the ground that the same had been legally exported
from thence, but that the same shall be deemed to be foreign goods, whether
originally such or not, and shall also be deen:cd to be imported for the first
time into the United Kingdom . (that is to say)—
A TABLE or Goods 1,xi Po RTI'ſ) wil it iſ 31A Y x of 1:1. It!.-1.x: roit TI.D roR
Hox; i. U ::1:.
Corn, grain, meal, flour and malt.
Hops.
Tea.
Goods for which any bounty or any drawback of excise had been received
on exportation, unless by special permission of the commissioners of His
Majesty's customs, and on repayment of such bounty or such drawback.
As to Bottles, see hereafter in this l’art, Class 13.
All goods for which bill of store cannot be issued, except small remnants of
British goods by special permission of the commissioners of customs, upon
proof to their satisfaction that the same are British and had not been sold.
3 & 4 W. 4, c. 52, § 33.
By whom Bill of Store may be taken out. Agent to declare Name of
Employer. Consignee to declare who is Proprietor. Proprietor to declare
to Identity, and Property unchanged. Intry by Bill of Store.—The per-
son in whose name any goods so re-imported were entered for exportation
shall deliver to the searcher at the port of exportation an exact account,
signed by him, of the particulars of such goods, referring to the entry and
clearance outwards and to the return inwards of the same, with the marks
and numbers of the packages, both inwards and outwards; and thereupon
the searcher, finding that such goods had been legally exported, shall grant
a bill of store for the same; and if the person in whose name such goods
were entered for exportation was not the proprietor thereof, but his agent,
he shall declare on such bill of store the name of the person by whom he
was employed as such agent; and if the person to whom such returned
goods are consigned shall not be such proprietor and exporter, he shall make
and subscribe a declaration on such bill of store of the name of the person
for whose use such goods have been consigned to him; and the real proprie-
tor, ascertained to be such, shall make and subscribe a declaration upon
such bill of store, to the identity of the goods so exported and so returned,
and that he was at the time of exportation and of re-importation the pro-
prietor of such goods, and that the same had not during such time been sold
or disposed of to any other person; and such declaration shall be made be-
be entered by bill of store, provided the goods be such as are entitled to that privilege, on pro-
duction of a declaration subscribed by such real proprietor setting forth the identity of the goods
so exported and so returned, and that he was at the time of exportation from the United King-
dom and will be at the time of re-importation thereinto the proprietor of such goods, and that
the same have not during such time been sold or disposed of to any other person; such declara-
tion to be made before the British Consul, Vice-Consul or other British authority residing in or
near the place of residence of such real proprietor, and upon such further proof of the identity of
the goods as the commissioners of the customs shall require, and upon compliance with all the
other regulations required by law on the entry of goods by bill of store.
Proprietors not residing near the Port.—By T. L., February 3, 1843, the proprietors of
British manufactured goods returned to this country for want of a market, who do not reside at
or near the port, may be permitted to make the requisite declaration before a local magistrate,
instead of being compelled to attend at the Custom House for that purpose, according to the
strict letter of the law. - -


PART III.] UNITED KINGDOM.–IMPorts.-Entry, &c. 37
fore the collectors or controllers at the ports of exportation and of importa-
tion respectively; and thereupon the collector and controller shall admit
such goods to entry by bill of store, and grant their warrant accordingly.
§ 34.
Surplus Stores.—The surplus stores of every ship arriving from parts be-
yond the seas, in the United Kingdom or in the Isle of Man shall be subject
to the same duties and the same prohibitions and regulations as the like sort
of goods shall be subject to when imported by way of merchandise; but if
it shall appear to the collector and controller that the quantity or description
of such stores is not excessive or unsuitable under all the circumstances of
the voyage, it shall be lawful for them to permit such surplus stores to be
entered for the private use of the master, purser, or owner of such ship, or
of any passenger of such ship to whom such surplus stores may belong, on
payment of the proper duties, or be warehoused for the future use of such
ship, although the same could not be legally imported by way of merchan-
dise. § 35.
Goods from Possessions in America. Clearance.—No goods shall be en-
tered as being of or from any British possession in America (if any benefit
attach to such distinction) unless the master of the ship importing the same
shall have delivered to the collector or controller a certificate under the hand
of the proper officer of the place where such goods were taken on board, of
the due clearance of such ship from thence, containing an account of such
goods." § 36.
Importation direct.—No goods shall be deemed to be imported from any
º place unless they be imported direct from such place, and shall
have been there laden on board the importing ship, either as the first ship-
ment of such goods, or after the same shall have been actually landed at
such place. § 48.
Prohibitions and Restrictions.—The several sorts of goods enumerated or
described in the table following, denominated “A Table of Prohibitions and
Restrictions Inwards,” shall either be absolutely prohibited to be imported
into the United Kingdom, or shall be imported only under the restrictions
mentioned in such table, according as the several sorts of such goods are re-
spectively set forth therein: viz.
A TABLE of PRohibitions AND RESTRICTIONs IN waRDs.
List of Goods absolutely prohibited to be imported. § 58.
[These Goods are digested under their respective names hereafter in IM-
roRts.]
* By 5 & 6 vict. c. 47. § 27 [July 9, 1812, the above clause of the Act shall extend to all
goods coming from any British possessions abroad, except the territories subject to the govern-
ment of the presidencies of Fort William in Bengal, Fort Saint George, and Bombay respec-
tively. But see now “Coffee,” Class XVII., hereafter in this Part. -
Power of the Lords of the Treasury as to Certificates of Production., By 5 & 6 Wict. c. 47,
§ 28, whereas in certain cases certificates of production are º by law for certain articles
upon the exportation thereof from the British possessions abroad and other places, and upon the
importation of the same into the United Kingdom; it is enacted, that it shall be lawful for the
commissioners of Her Majesty's treasury to declare that a certificate of production shall lie
required upon such exportation or importation for any goods whatsoever, and, to frame such
regulations respecting such certificates as they may think fit; and if any goods. in respect of
which such a certificate shall have been so required, or in respect of which a certificate of pro-
duction, or any such certificate of cle trance as aforesaid, shall be required by any law for tho
time being in force, shall be imported into the United Kingdom without such certificate respec-
tively, the same shall be deemed to be of foreign growth, produce, or manufacture: and all
goods so deemed to be of foreign growth, produce, or manufacture, and all other goods whatso-
ever of the growth, produce, or manufacture of foreign countries, which shall henceforth be im-
ported into the United Kingdom from any British possession abroad, shall be deemed so far as
respects liability to duties to have been imported from a foreign country: Provided always, that
as respects the several articles which by the table of duties are chargeable with any new rate of
duty from any future time therein manied, this enactment shall not apply to such articles respec-
tively until the days so appointed; provided that all orders of the commissioners of Her Mºjºs-
ty's treasury made in pursuance hereof shall be duly published in the London aod Dublin
Čazctic three times at least within three months from the date of such orders respectively.


38 UNITED KINGDOM.–IMpoRTs.—Entry, &c. [1845.
List of Goods subject to certain Restrictions on Importation. $ 58.
[These Goods are likewise digested under their respective names here-
after in IMPoitºrs.]
Hou, Goods may be Warehoused for Erportation Erceptions.—Any
goods of whatsoever sort may be imported into the United Kingdom, to be
warehoused under the regulations of any Act in force for the time being for
the warehousing of goods, without payment of duty at the time of the first
entry thereof, or notwithstanding that such goods may be prohibited to be
imported into the United Kingdom to be used therein, except the several
sorts of goods enumerated or described in manner following ; (that is to say)
—goods prohibited on account of the package in which they are contained,
or the tonnage of the ship in which they are laden; gunpowder, arms, am-
munition, or utensils of war; dried or salted fish. not being stock-fish; *
infected hides, skins, horns, hoofs, or any other part of any cattle or beast;
counterfeit coins or tokens; books first composed, or written, or printed and
published in the United Kingdom, and reprinted in any other country or
place; copies or prints first engraved, etched, drawn, or designed in the
United Kingdom, copies of casts of sculptures, or models, first made in the
United Kingdom; clocks or watches, being such as are prohibited to be im-
ported for home use. § 59.
Goods to be II arehoused for Erportation only.—If by reason of the sort
of any goods, or of the place from whence, or the country or navigation of
the ship in which any goods have been imported, they be such or be so im-
ported as that they may not be used in the United Kingdom, they shall not
be entered except to be warehoused, and it shall be declared upon the entry
of such goods that they are entered to be warehoused for exportation only.
§ 60.
Goods concealed and Goods packed with them.—If any goods which are
subject to any duty or restriction in respect of importation, or which are
prohibited to be imported into the United Kingdom, be found concealed in
any manner on board any vessel, or be ſound either before or after landing
to have been concealed in any manner, then all such goods and all other
goods which shall be packed with them shall be forfeited. 3 & 4 Will. 4,
c. 53, § 15.
Goods Unshipped, Prohibited and Iſarehoused Goods.--If any goods
liable to the payment of duties be unshipped from any vessel or boat in the
United Kingdom or the Isle of Man (customs or other duties not being first
paid or secured), or if any prohibited goods whatsoever be imported into any
part of the United Kingdom or of the Ise of Man, or if any goods whatso-
ever which shall have been warehoused or otherwise secured in the United
Kingdom, either for home consumption or exportation, be clandestinely or
illegally removed from or out of any warehouse or place of security, then all
such goods shall be forfeited, together with till horses and other animals and
all carriages and other things made use of in the removal of such goods
§ 28.
* Sce “Fish' hereafter in IMPORTs.-Class I.


PART III.] UNITED KINGDOM.–Reciprocity. 39
RECIPROCITY SYSTEM.
*Tis with our judgments as our watches, none
Go just alike; yet each believes his own.—Pope.
PRELIMINARY REMARKS.
Free trade does not, as too often and erroneously supposed, mean a freedom
from all legislative regulation, but a freedom subject to legislative regulation. At
the time when this country had been deprived of the great colonial market of
America, Mr. Pitt was led to look round for new markets on the continent of
Europe, and first developed that system which he considered should form the future
commercial policy of the country. Mr. Pitt said that we must begin to carry on
commerce upon a system of perfect reciprocity—that we must lower our duties and
consolidate our customs.
The general opinion of Mr. Pitt and the eminent statesmen of that age, however,
may be collected from the speech of the great Lord Lansdowne in the Upper
House, in reply to the elaborate and forcible attack of Bishop Watson on the mea-
sure of Mr. Pitt.
“The first fundamental question, whether the old commercial system is erroneous,
requires very little discussion. In fact, truth has made its own way. Commerce,
like other sciences, has simplified itself. There is no science that has not done so.
The Bishop of Landaff has said, that our commercial system requires no alteration,
which, with great submission, I think cannot be said of anything; and if the ques-
tion were put to me, I believe I would not say it of the Church. It is unnecessary
to define the progress of the change. A great minister in Holland first opened the
eyes of modern Europe upon commercial subjects. Men of letters in different
countries contributed their aid to develope and extend the principles of free trade.
Ministers of the first eminence in a neighbouring country adopted and pushed them
still further, more or less, as suited their different views of considering the subject.
The old calculation, so much dwelt upon by the right rev. prelate, gradually became
exploded, and the idea of estimating the balance of each trade was given up. An
ingenious modern author has made the idea perfectly ridiculous, by balancing the
sums stated by M. Neckar and Mr. Grenville against the mines of Mexico and
Peru. But, at this moment, what reduced it to a mathematical certainty was the
experience of the last war with America, the insurance on smuggling, and the sen-
timents of the manufacturers.”
The French revolution soon deprived England and France of the benefit of the
treaty of commerce between the two nations. A quarter of a century revolved, the
unprecedented events of which alike set at defiance both the theory and the received
practice of trade. England enjoyed a monopoly of the commerce of the world.
The altered state of circumstances induced by the peace were appreciated by our
public men, long before they were recognised by our merchants; and as early as
the commencement of the year 1817, Mr. Brougham made in the House of Com-
mons his famous motion for an inquiry into the state of our trade and manufactures.
In his opening statement Mr. Brougham advanced some of those principles of com-
merce which are now popularly known by the title of free trade.
In the course of two or three years the public opinion in favour of restriction


40 UNITED KINGDOM.–IRECIPRocíTY. [1845.
had undergone a change. Mr. Baring presented the famous petition of the mer-
chants of London; and, the Ministry seizing the first opportunity of practically
enforcing their convictions, Lord Liverpool made that celebrated exposition of the
state of our trade and manufactures, which was officially circulated throughout the
kingdom. On the 26th of May, 1820, the Prime Minister of England in the
House of Lords declared his conviction “of the general principle of the great ad-
vantage resulting from... unrestricted freedom of trade.”
” said his lordship; “nor that it
“I can entertain no dºt of this principle,
would have been to the great advantage of the civilized world if the system of
unrestricted trade had been acted upon by every nation, from the earliest period of
its commercial intercourse with its neigh'ours. But we are now in a situation in
which it is impossible for any country in the world to act unreservedly on that
principle. The commercial regulations of the European world have been long
established, and cannot suddenly be departed from. With regard to the restrictive
system, some suppose that we have risen in consequence of that system; others, of
whom I am one, believe that we have risen in spite of that system. But whichever
of these hypotheses be true, certain it is that we have risen under a very different
principle than that of free and unrestricted trade. It is utterly impossible with our
debt and taxation, even iſ they were but half the existing amount, that we can sud-
denly adopt the system of free trade. To do so would be to unhinge the whole
property of the country.”
Lord LIVERPool concluded his exposition by detailing the measures which
the Government proposed immediately to adopt. They were briefly these:–The
instant and absolute extinction of prohibitions, and a general recurrence to the
principles of Mr. Pitt, the developnicºtt of which had been arrested by the war.
—Ed.
IIow additional Tonnage Duties on Ships may be charged.—It shall be
lawful for IIis Majesty, by any Order in Council to be published from time
to time in the London Gazette (whenever it shall be deemed expedient,)
to charge any additional or countervailing duty of tonnage, upon any ves-
sels which shall enter any of the ports in the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, or in any of Ilis Majesty's dominions, and which shall -
belong to any foreign country in which any duties of tonnage shall have |
been or shall be levied upon British vessels entering the ports of such coun-
try higher or greater than are levied upon the vessels of such country: Pro-
vided always, that such additional or countervailing tonnage duties shall not
be of greater amount than may be deemed fairly to countervail the differ-
ence of duty paid in such foreign country upon the tonnage of British ves- |
sels, more than the duty there charged upon the vessels of such country. 5
Geo. 4, c. 1, § 3.
IIow the Tonnage of Foreign Ships may be charged as British.-His
Majesty may authorise the entry into the United Kingdom of foreign ships,
on payment of the like tonnage duties as are or shall be charged in respect
of similar British ships, upon satisfactory proof being laid before His Ma- |
jesty in Council, that ships of such foreign country in whose favour such per-
mission shall be granted, are charged with no other or higher tonnage duties
on their entrance into the ports of such foreign country, than are charged on
the entry into such ports upon the ships of such country. § 4.
Whereas by the foregoing act for regulating the trade of the British pos-
sessions abroad it is amongst other things recited, that by the law of naviga- |
tion foreign ships are permitted to import into any of the British possessions
abroad, from the countries to which they belong, goods the produce of those


PART III.] UNITED KINGDOM.–Reciprocity. 41
countries, and to export goods from such possessions to be carried to any
foreign country whatever, and it is expedient that such permission should be
subject to certain conditions; and it is therefore by the said Act enacted,
that the privileges thereby granted to foreign ships shall be limited to the
ships of those countries which, having colonial possessions, shall grant the
like privileges of trading with those possessions to British ships, or which,
not having colonial possessions, shall place the commerce and navigation of
this country and of its possessions abroad upon the footing of the most fa-
voured nations, unless His Majesty by his order in Council shall in any case
deem it expedient to grant the whole or any of such privileges to the ships
of any foreign country, although the conditions aforesaid shall not in all re-
spects be fulfilled by such foreign country. And whereas, unless some
period be limited for the fulfilment by foreign countries of the conditions
mentioned in the said recited Act, the trade and navigation of the United
Kingdom and of the British possessions abroad cannot be regulated by fixed
and certain rules, but will continue subject to changes dependent upon the
laws from time to time made in such foreign countries; it is therefore
enacted, that no foreign country shall hereafter be deemed to have fulfilled
the conditions so prescribed by the said Act, as to be entitled to the privi-
leges therein mentioned, unless such foreign country have in all respects ful-
filled those conditions within twelve months next after the passing of the
said Act; that is to say, on or before the 5th of July, 1826. 7 & 8 Geo. 4,
c. 56, § 41. [July 2, 1827.]
Additional Duties on Goods. Prohibition, &c.—His Majesty by Order
in Council from time to time may order that there be levied any additional
duty, not exceeding one-fifth of the amount of any existing duty, upon any
goods the growth, produce, or manufacture of any country which shall levy
higher or other duties upon any article the growth, produce, or manufacture
of any of His Majesty's dominions, than upon the like article the growth,
produce, or manufacture of any other foreign country; and in like manner
to impose such additional duties upon any goods when imported in the ships
of any country which shall levy higher or other duties upon any goods when
imported in British ships than when imported in the national ships of such
country, or which shall levy higher or other tonnage, or port or other duties
upon British ships than upon such national ships, or which shall not place
the commerce or navigation of this kingdom upon the footing of the most
favoured nation in the ports of such country; and either to prohibit the im-
portation of any manufactured article the produce of such country, in the
event of the export of the raw material of which such article is wholly or in
part made being prohibited from such country to the British dominions, or
to impose an additional duty, not exceeding one-fifth as aforesaid, upon such
manufactured article; and also to impose such additional duty in the event
of such raw material being subject to any duty upon being exported from
the said country to any of His Majesty's dominions. 3 & 4 Will. 1, c.
56, § 5.
Trade in Foreign Ships with British Possessions.—And whereas by the
law of navigation [p. 1.] foreign ships are permitted to import into any of
the British possessions abroad from the countries to which they belong,
goods the produce of those countries, and to export goods from such posses-
sions to be carried to any foreign country whatever; and whereas it is expe-
dient that such permission should be subject to certain conditions; it is
therefore enacted, that the privileges thereby granted to foreign ships shall
be limited to the ships of those countries which, having colonial possessions,
shall grant the like privileges of trading with those possessions to British
ships; or which, not having colonial possessions, shall place the commerce
and navigation of this country and of its possessions abroad, upon the foot-
ing of the most favoured nation, unless IIis Majesty, by his order in council,
shall in any case deem it expedient to grant the whole or any of such privi-


42 UNITED KINGDOM.–IRECIPRocity. [1845.
leges to the ships of any foreign country, although the conditions aforesaid
shall not in all respects be fulfilled by such foreign country: Provided al-
ways, that no foreign country shall be deemed to have fulfilled the before-
mentioned conditions, or to be entitled to the privileges aforesaid, unless and
until His Majesty shall, by some order to be by him made by the advice of
his privy council, have declared that such foreign country hath so fulfilled
the conditions, and is entitled to the said privileges; provided also, that every
order in council in force at the time of the commencement of this Act,
whereby declaration is made of the countries which are entitled, in whole or
in part, to the privileges of the law of navigation hereinbefore referred to
and recited, shall continue in ſorce as effectually as if the same had been after-
wards made under the authority of this Act. 3 & 1 W. 4, c. 59, § 5.
(nited States of America. - Upon the importation into the United
Kingdom of any goods, the growth, production, or manufacture of the
United States of America, imported direct from thence in any vessel built
in the countries belonging to the said states, or taken by any of the vessels
of war belonging to the government or any of the inhabitants of the said
states, having commissions or letters of marque and reprisal from the
government of the said states, and condemn d as lawful prize in any court
of admiralty there, such vessel being owned by the subjects of the said
states, and whereof the master and three-fourths of the mariners are also
subjects to the said states, no higher or other duties shall be charged than
such as are charged upon goods of the like description, being the growth,
production, or manufacture of the United States of America, and imported
in British-built vessels navigated and registered according to law. 59 Geo. 3,
c. 15 !, § 2.
- ſuction Duty.—All goods and effects imported in any vessel built in the
United States of America, or condemned as prize there, and being owned
and navigated as hereinbefore mentioned, may be sold by auction free of
the duty imposed by law on goods and effects sold by auction : Provided
that nothing in this Act shall authorise the sale of any such goods or effects
free of the said duty, unless on the first sale of such goods or effects by or
for the account of the original importer thereof, by whom the same were
entered at the custom-house at the port of importation, nor unless such sale
be made within twelve months next after the time when such goods or
effects shall have been so imported. § 3.
I)uty on Erport from Great Britain.-The same duties shall be payable
on the exportation of all goods, of the growth, produce, or manufacture of
Great Britain, exported direct thence to any place within the United States
of America in British-built ships owned, registered, and navigated according
to law, or in ships built in the United States of America, or condemned as
prize there, and being owned and navigated as hereinbefore mentioned, as
shall be payable on the exportation of the like articles to Europe. § 4.
Bounty on Erport from Great Britain.—Upon the exportation from the
United Kingdom to the United States of America of any goods, the growth,
production, or manufacture of the United Kingdom, or any of His Ma-
jesty's territories in Europe, in any vessel built in the United States of
America. or condemned as prize there, and being owned and navigated as
hereinbefore mentioned, the same bounty or allowance shall be paid as at
the time of such exportation may be allowed upon the exportation thereof to
the said states in any British-built vessel navigated and registered according
to law. § 5.
East Indies.—All vessels built in the United States of America, or
condemned as prize there, and being owned and navigated as hereinbefore
mentioned, shall be allowed to clear out af any port of the United Kiugdom,
for the following principal settlements of the British dominions in the East
Indies viz., Calcutta, Madras, Bombay and Prince of Wales Island, with
any goods which may be legally exported from the United Kingdom to the


PART III.] UNITED KINGDOM.–ReeſeRocity. 43
said settlements in British-built vessels, subject to the like regulations as are
now by law imposed upon the exportation of such goods to the said settle-
ments in British-built ships. § 6.
Continuance.—This Act shall continue in force so long as the convention
between His Majesty and the United States of America, dated 3d of July,
1815, and the treaty between IIis Majesty and His Royal Highness the
Prince Regent of Portugal, and so long as any treaty to be made with any
foreign power with the similar provision hereinbefore recited shall respec-
tively continue in force. § 7. LSee the newt Act, 1 & 2 Pict. c. 113.]
Extension of Act of 59 Geo. 3.-From the ratification of any treaty
heretofore made by Her Majesty or any of her royal predecessors subse-
quently to the enactment of the foregoing Act of 59 Geo. 3., c. 154, or of
any treaty which may hereafter be made by Her Majesty with any foreign
power, in which treaty has been or shall be contained provisions similar to
those in the said Act, all the provisions in the said Act contained did and
shall apply to the trade and shipping of such foreign powers respectively, as
effectually as to the trade and shipping of the United States and of the
kingdom of Portugal.” 1 & 2 Vict. c. 113, § 27.
Restrictions.—Provided that the said Act doth not extend to grant to or
to confer upon the trade or shipping of the United States or of the kingdom
of Portugal, or of any other foreign power, or to the subjects of such states
or kingdom or of any such foreign power as aforesaid, any other or greater
advantage than such as shall have been stipulated for and granted to the
United States, the kingdom of Portugal, or any such other foreign power
by the respective treaties subsisting between them respectively and Her
Majesty or her royal predecessors, but that the said Act shall be so con-
strued and applied as to give full effect to such respective treaties so long as
the same shall respectively remain in force, and is to provide such and only
such indemnity as therein mentioned to such bodies politic and corporate
and other persons as are therein mentioned, for such losses as they shall
respectively sustain by the execution of such respective treaties. § 28.
IIow. IIer Majesty may declare the Powers with whom Treaties subsist.—
It shall be lawful for Her Majesty, by any orders to be by her made with
the advice of her Privy Council, and published in the London Gazette, from
time to time, to declare what are the foreign powers with which any such
treaty as aforesaid is subsisting; and this present Act and the said Act shall
apply, and shall be deemed from the time of the ratification of any such
treaties to have been applicable, to the trade and shipping of such foreign
countries as shall be mentioned in any such orders in council, so long as any
such orders shall continue unrevoked and no longer. § 29.
Local Duties and Charges.—Whereas certain treaties have been entered
into between Her Majesty and certain foreign potentates and states, by
which treaties it is stipulated that the subjects of such potentates or states
shall be placed upon the same footing with Her Majesty's subjects with re-
spect to the importation of goods into and the exportation of them from
Her Majesty's dominions, and with respect to charges, upon vessels enter-
ing any port in such dominions; and whereas by certain Acts higher duties
and charges are sometimes levied upon the importation and exportation of
goods, and upon the entry into ports of the vessels of such subjects, than
upon the goods and vessels of Her Majesty's subjects; it is therefore enacted,
that it shall be lawful for the commissioners of Her Majesty's treasury, in
any case where any treaty is in force or may hereafter be entered into by
Her Majesty, with any foreign potentate or state, to order that all duties
and charges of every description upon any foreign goods imported into or
exported from the United Kingdom, or upon any goods imported or ex-
ported in foreign vessels or upon such vessels entering or leaving any port in
* As to Portugal, sce under that head in Part X.


44 UNITED KINGDOM.–RECIPRocity. [1845.
Her Majesty's dominions, made payable under any Act of Parliament hereafter
to be made, shall, with respect to the goods and vessels of the subjects of
any potentate or state with whom or which such treaty has been entered
into, be reduced to the same and the like duties and charges as are payable
upon the goods of Her Majesty' subjects, or upon British vessels, and
upon the goods imported therein under any such Act. 5 & 6 Wict. c. 47,
§ 48. [July 9, 1842.]
Exports.--Whereas divers treaties have been entered into by IIer
Majesty with foreign states, whereby it is stipulated that goods exported in
the ships of such states from the United Kingdom shall be liable to no
other or higher duties than if exported in British ships; and whereas in
some of such treaties such stipulations have reference to exportations only
to the foreign states with which such treaties are respectively made, and
others of such treaties extend to exportations to any foreign countries; and
whereas it is expedient that Her Majesty should be empowered to give
effect to the stipulations of the said treaties, and to any similar stipulations in
any treaties which Her Majesty may hereafter enter into with the same or
any other foreign states; it is therefore enacted, that it shall be lawful for
Her Majesty from time to time, by any order in Conncil to declare which
are the foreign states with which treaties containing such stipulations have
been or shall have been entered into by Her M ty and shall still be sub-
sisting, and also to define which are the countries the exportations to which
from the United Kingdom in ships of such foreign states are included in the
stipulations of such treaties respectively, and also to define the c
goods which are included in such stipulations; and from and after the
publication of such orders respectively in the London Gazette the goods
which shall be exported from the United Kingdom in the ships of the foreign
states declared in such orders respectively shall, so far as respects exporta-
tions to the countries defined in such orders respectively, and so far as
respects the classes of goods defined in such orders respectively, be charged
with such and the same duties only as would be chargeable upon the like
goods exported from the United Kingdom to the same countries in a British
ship. 6 & 7 Vict. c. 84, § 15. [Aug. 22, 1813.]
REcITRocITY TREATIEs, &c.
By C. O., July 12, 1827, whenever coals or any other articles shall be exported in vessels be-
longing to countries with which treaties of reciprocity have been made, on payment only of
the duties charged on similar articles when exported in British vessels, security by bond is
to be required for production of certificates of the due landing of the articles in some port of
the country to which such vessel shall belong, within six months.
By C. O., March 19, 1829, and Oct. 28, 1837, certificates for cancelling such bonds are to be
signed by the British consul or vice-consul at the port of landing; and certificates signed by
two British merchants are to be received in those cases only when the articles are landed at
places where no British consul or vice-consul may be resident.
By C. O., Aug. 23, 1842, the Board have reconsidered their General Order of the 10th Sep-
tember, 1834, on the subject of coal bonds, with reference to the new duties payable upon
coals and culm, and direct that bond should now be required for those articles when ex-
ported to the British possessions, and also when carried coastwise, in conformity with the
Regulation Act, as well as for coal and culm shipped in vessels of countries with which trca-
ties of reciprocity have been concluded.
By O. C., July 16, 1827, His Majesty is pleased to declare, that the conditions mentioned in
the Act of 3 & 4 W. 4 [p. 12.] have in all respects been fulfilled by the Government of His
Majesty as King of Hanover, and by the Government of His Majesty the King of Sweden and
Norway, and by the Government of His Serence Highness the Duke of Oldenburgh, and by the
Free Hanseatic republics of Lubeck, Bremen, and Hamburgh, and by the State of Colombia,
and by the United Provinces of Rio de la Plata, and by the United States of Mexico; and His
Majesty is further pleased to declare that the ships of and belonging to the dominions of His
Majesty as King of Hanover, or of His Majesty the King of Sweden, and Norway, or of His
Serene Highness the Duke of Oldenburgh, or of the Free Hanseatic republics of Lubeck, Bremen,
and Hamburgh, or of the State of Colombia, or of the United Provinces of Rio de la Plata, of
the United States of Mexico, are entitled to the privileges so granted as aforesaid by the law of
Navigation, and may respectively import from such the dominions to which they respectively
belong into the British possessions abroad, goods, the produce of such dominions respectively,
and may export goods from the British possessions abroad, to be carried into any foreign coun-
try whatever.
. By O.C., July 16, 1827, Iſis Majesty doth declare that it shall be lawful for Russian ships to
import into any of the British possessions abroad, from the dominions of His Majesty the


PART III.] UNITED KINGDOM.–Reciprocity. 45
Emperor of all the Russias, goods, the produce of those dominions, and to export from such
ossessions, to be carried to any foreign country whatever, and His Majesty is further pleased to
eclare that it shall be lawful for ships of any kingdom or state within the limits of the East
India Company’s charter, to import from the dominions to which they respectively belong, goods
the produce of such dominions, into the colony of the Cape of Good Hope, and into the island of
Ceylon, and into the island of Mauritius, and into His Majesty’s settlements, into the island of
New Holland, and in the island of Van Dieman’s Land, and into the several islands and territo-
ries flºº upon and belonging to the several settlements or colonies aforesaid, and to export
goods from such several settlements or colonies or their respective dependencies, to be carried
into any foreign country whatever: Provided always, that nothing herein contained shall extend
to take away or abridge any power now vested in His Majesty’s subjects in the last-mentioned
settlements or colonies, of trading with any kingdom or state within the limits of the said Com-
pany’s charter; and His Majesty doth declare that no foreign country is entitled to the privi-
leges so granted as aforesaid by the law of navigation, other than and except the foreign coun-
tries hereinbefore particularly mentioned; and that no foreign ships can or may lawfully import
into or export from any of the British possessions abroad, any goods, except so far as the right
of such foreign countries to which such ships may belong is hereinbefore declared: Provided
always, that nothing herein contained, extends to infringe or interfere with any treaty or conven-
tion subsisting between His Majesty and any foreign state or power; provided also, and it is
further ordered, that nothing herein, or in the said former Orders in Council, or in any of them
contained, extends to His Majesty’s garrison and territory at Gibraltar, or to the island of Malta;
but that goods shall and may be imported into and exported from Gibraltar and Malta, in the
same manner in all respects as though this present order, or the said former orders, had not
been made.
By O. C., December 9, 1839, it is declared that the Foreign Powers with which any Recipro-
city Treaties are subsisting are The United States of America, His Majesty the King of Prussia,
His Majesty the King of Hanover, His Majesty the King of Denmark, the United Provinces of
Rio de la Plata, the State of Colombia, the Senate of the free Hanseatic city of Lubeck, the
Senate of the free Hanseatic city of Bremen, and the Senate of the free Hanseatic city of Ham-
burgh, His Majesty the King of the French, His Majesty the King of Sweden and Norway, the
United States of Mexico, His Majesty the Emperor of Brazil, the free city of Frankfort, the State
of Venezuela, the Peru-Bolivan Confederation, His Majesty the King of Greece, His Majesty the
King of the Netherlands, His Majesty the Emperor of Austria, and the Sultan of the Ottoman
Empire; also His Majesty the King of Sardinia. [O.C., Dec. 10, 1842.] See the names of
the several IRingdoms and States in Parts X. —XIII. with which Treaties have been concluded.
At the Court of Buckingham Palace, the 25th day of February 1841, present the Queen’s Most
Excellent Majesty in Council.
Whereas by certain Acts, passed in the third and fourth years of the reign of Her present
Majesty, powers are reserved to Her Majesty to reduce the rates and tolls on foreign ships of
countries with which Great Britain has treaties of reciprocity, and on goods imported or exported
therein, in manner in the said Acts mentioned.
Now, therefore, Her Majesty, by and with the advice of Her Privy Council, doth, in pursuance
and in exercise of the powers and authority in Her vested by the above-mentioned Act, declare
that the ships of all such foreign Powers as have treaties of reciprocity with this country, and the
cargoes imported or exported therein, shall be admitted, under the said Acts of Parliament, on
paying the like rates of duties and tolls as those charged on British vessels and their cargoes.
And the Right Honourable the Lords Commissioners of Her Majesty’s Treasury are to give the
necessary directions herein accordingly. C. C. GREVILLE,
By C. O., July 17, 1842, the permission granted to foreign vessels to import cargoes on the
same duties as British vessels, is intended to apply only to direct importations legally made into
the United Kingdom, from the ports of the countries to which such foreign vessels may respec-
tively belong.
By O. C., July 29, 1842, it is stated that the ships of Austria, France, Sardinia, Holland,
Prussia, Sweden, Denmark, Hanover, The Hanse Towns, Oldenburgh, Mecklenburgh, the
United States of America, Mexico, Colombia, Brazil, Buenos Ayres, and the Imaum of Muscat,
are those which by Treaty or by Order in Council are entitled to the same privileges on arriving
at or departing from British Ports in British vessels.
By O. C., Feb., 1843, Her Majesty doth declare that a treaty of commerce and navigation is
now subsisting between Her Majesty and the Emperor of All the Russias.
By T. L., July 10, 1843, in addition to countries mentioned in former orders, the ships of the
following powers or states, with whom treaties of reciprocity have been entered into, are entited
to the same privileges as British ships, on arriving at or departing from British ports, viz. the
United Provinces of Rio de la Plata, Frankfort, Peru (Bolivian Confederation), Venezuela, Por-
tugal, Ottoman Empire, including Egypt, Greece, Russia.
RETURN (made to the House of Lords) showing the countries with which Her Majesty has
entered into Reciprocity Treaties, containing clauses binding the contracting parties to grant
to each other, mutually, the “benefits of the most favoured nation.”
LIST.
Sweden . . . . . . . . Convention . . . . . . . . 1826 Article 9. -
Netherlands . . . . Treaty. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1837 Article 1. Subject to the condition of equi-
valents for subsequent concessions to other
countries.
Austria . . . . . . . . Treat". . . . . . . . . . . . . 1838 Article 11. §ubject to ditto.
Portugal. . . . . . . . Treaty...... . . . . . . . 1812 Ar"cle 4. Subject to ditto.
Russia... ...... Treaty. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1843 Article 11. Subject to ditto.
United States ... Convention . . . . . . . . 1815 Article 2.
Convention . . . . . . . . 1827 Article 1.
Buenos Ayres ... Treaty. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1825 Article 4.


46 UNITED KINGDOM.–Ixiports.—Tariff, 3c. [1845.
List—continued.
Colombia . Articl. 1.
Mexico . . . . . . . . - - - 2t; Article 1.
Brazil . . . . . . . . . . . 1827 Articles 10, 20, 21. Subject to an exception in
favour of Portuguese produce.
Venezuela . . . . . . Convention . . . . . . . 1-3 ; Articl. 1.
Peru Boli ... Treaty -- ;: Article 1.
Holivia -- .Art lº!e 1.
Texas . . . . . . . . . . Art 1. Subject to the condition of equi-
valents for sul, equent concessions to other
t’s jul" -
Uruguay........ Treaty. . . . . . . . . . . 1812 Article 3. Sulject tº d:tto.
By O. C., 3d Sept., 1841. Her Majesty, by the advice of Her Privy Council, doth, in pursuance
and in exercise of the power and authority in IIer vested by the Act on 1 & 2 Vict. p. 43. declare,
that such treaties as in th Act are inentioned, coni dining provisions similar to those con-
tained in the Act of 50 (; p. 12 , are now respectively sub-i-ting between Her Majesty and
the following foreign Powe His Majesty the hing of Hanover. His Itoyal Highness the
Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, His Royal Highness the Grand JDuke of Mecklenburg-
Strelitz, and His Roval Highness the Graud I juke of Oldenburg.
DUTIFS IN (; ENJERA L.
Additiox AI, Du III:s, 1810.
Rate of Duties.—From May 15, 1810, there shall be paid an additional
duty or charge of five pounds per cent.* upon the produce and amount of all
the several duties and revenues of customs and excise charged and collected
under the management of the commissioners of customst and excise respec-
tively, throughout the United Kingdom; except upon the produce and
amount of the duties of customs upon spirits or strong waters of all sorts, and
upon the produce and amount of the duties of customs upon corn, grain,
meal, or flour entered for home consumption in the United Kingdom from
parts beyond the seas, and upon the produce and amount of the duties on
spirits made and distilled in the United Kingdom, 3 Vict. c. 17 § 1. [June
19, 1840.]
Foreign Ports.--From May 15, 1810, there shall be paid upon every
gallon of spirits or strong waters of all sorts imported into the United King-
dom, or in warehouse under IIer Majesty's locks on the said day, an addi-
tional duty of customs of four-pence, such additional duty to be charged, and
paid as any duty of customs on spirits or strong waters. § 2.
British Spirits.-There shall be paid upon cvery gallon of spirits, of the
strength of hydrometer proof, which shall after the said day be distilled or
be in the stock, custody, or possession of any distiller in England, Scotland,
or Ireland respectively, or which having been distilled in Scotland or Ireland
shall after that day be in warehouse, and be taken out of warehouse for con-
sumption in Scotland or Ireland, or for removal to England, or which having
been taken out of warehouse shall after that day be brought into England, or
having been removed to England, and the full duties thereon not having been
paid or satisfied, shall after that day be on the legal quays or sufferance
wharfs or other place of landing, an additional duty of four-pence. § 3.
Drawbacks, Bounties, &c.—There shall be allowed and paid an additional
allowance, drawback, and bounty of five pounds per cent. upon any allow-
ance, drawback, or bounty of customs or excise now due on all goods entitled
to allowance, drawback, or bounty on the exportation or removal thereof to
foreign parts or Ireland, which shall, on or after August 15, 1840, be so ex-
ported or removed, and upon all timber; used in the mines of tin, lead, or
* For mode of computing these Duties, see READY REcko NING, p. 48.
f As to the customs repealed and new duties granted, see the next page.
f Drawback repealed by 5 & 6 Vict. c. 47, § 56.


PART III.] UNITED KINGDOM.–IMports.—Tariff, &c. 47
copper in the counties of Devon or Cornwall, or in Ireland, and on any
goods in respect of which allowances of the duties of excise are now by law
payable made use of in the manufacture of other goods, after the said day.
Provided always, that where any of the said first-mentioned goods shall be so
exported or removed before the said day, and it shall be made to appear to
the satisfaction of the commissioners of customs or excise that the additional
duty or charge of five pounds per cent. by this Act imposed has been charged
on the goods so exported or removed, and if goods be entitled to a drawback
of excise, the same having been packed at the makers thereof, it shall be
lawful for the said commissioners respectively to allow and pay the said addi-
tional drawback or bounty in respect of such goods and commodities. § 4.
TARIFF, &c.
New Duties, &c.—In lieu of all other duties of customs, except the duties
on corn, grain, meal, or flour, sugar, and molasses, there shall be paid unto
Her Majesty upon goods importcd into or exported from the United Kingdom
the several duties of customs, and there shall be allowed the several draw-
backs of the same, which are herein respectively inserted, together with the
additional duties hereinafter mentioned. 5 & 6 Vict, c. 47, § 40. [July 9,
1842.
#. Duties payable in certain Cases.—Where by this Act any duty
upon any article is directed to be paid from any future day, the duty imposed
upon such article by the former Act for granting duties of customs, or by any
Act for altering or amending the same, shall be paid in respect of such article
on and until that day. § 41.
Additional Duties.—There shall be paid unto Her Majesty, in addition to
the duties upon every gallon of spirits or strong waters of all sorts imported
into the United Kingdom, a further duty of fourpence, and upon all the
articles enumerated, except spirits and strong waters, a further duty of five
per cent. upon the amount of the several duties respectively charged upon
the said articles and each of them. § 42.
IIow Duties to be recovered.—The duties and drawbacks by this Act im-
posed and allowed shall be under the management of the commissioners of
customs, and shall be ascertained, paid, recovered, allowed and applied or
appropriated under the provisions of the Acts in force relating to the customs.
§ 43.
Warehoused Goods.--All goods whatsoever which shall have been ware-
housed without payment of duty upon the first importation thereof, and which
shall have been or shall be in the warehouse at the commencement of the
duties imposed by this or any other Act relating to the customs, shall be
deemed to be liable to such duties. § 44.
GENERAL REMARKS.
The Duties and Drawbacks mentioned under this title are all granted by 5 & 6
Vict. c. 47 [July 9, 1842], ercept where otherwise mentioned.
RATE of DUTY.
The Figures denote the rate of Duly, if not otherwise expressed.
DRAw BAck.
Where no Drawback is stated, none is allowed.
PARTs of ARticles.
Any distinct or separafe part of any article not accompanied by the other part
or all the other parts ºf such ar/icle, so as to be complete and perfect, if such


48 UNITED KINGDOM.–IM ports.—Tariff, &c. [1845.
article be subject to duty according to the ralue thereof, prohibited to be im-
ported on pain ºf forfeiture. 3 & 4 Will. 4, c. 52, § 38.
For EIGN ARticles MARKED As of UNITED KINGDoM.
From January 5, 1843, any articles of foreign manufacture and any packages
of such articles imported into the United Kingdom or into the British posses-
sions abroad, bearing any names, brands, or marks purporting to be the names,
brands, or marks of manufacturers resident in the United Kingdom, shall be
forfeited. 5 & 6 Wict. c. 47, § 11. [July 9, 1812].
By C. O., April 1, 1813, it is stated that the Attorney and Solicitor-General, have given their
opinion that the names, brands, or marks on the goods imported, need not be those of some
actually existing manufacturer in order to render them liable to seizure; that the forfeiture has
been incurred if the marks are such as purport to it the marks of Biitish goods, that is, of goods
made in Great Britain; and that such goods cannot he imported to be warehoused for exporta-
tion only.
A BAN pox MENT OF Goops.
If shall be lauful for the Commissioners of Customs to accept the abandonment
for the duties of any whole packages of trarehoused goods, and to cause or
permit the same to be destroyed, and to deduct the contents of such whole
packages from the total quantity of the same importation, in computing the
amount of the deficiency of such to/al quantity. 3 & 4 Will. 4, c. 57, § 33.
l’Ack Ag Es of Goods ABAN Dos Ed.
JBy C. O., Norember 28, 1839, the packages of goods allowed to be abandoned,
may be delivered duty-free, as is the practice in regard to casks from which
wine or spirits hare been drawn off in bond; prorided the officers be satisfied
that such packages are of the usual description, and of a sort necessary for the
preservation of the goods; and such indulgence may be ertended to all casks of
molasses, oil, sugar, turpentine, wine and spirits, landed empty or on ullage,
and emptied in order to fill up other casks.
As to Tobacco, Cocoa, Coffee, Pepper, and Lees of JH ine, see under the names
of the several articles in alphabetical order in this Pa, f.
RETURNED EMPTY BRITISH PACKAGEs.
By C. O., July 3, 1834, and May 5, 1835, Packages of British manufacture,
returned empty, may be delivered upon a duty-free entry being passed for the
same; and upon proof being submitted by the importer that such packages
had been exported by him with merchandise and are still his property, and
wpom it being ascertained by the officers that the packages are empty and cor-
respond with the entry.
READY RECKONING.
COMPUTATION OF DUTIES.
Mode of Computing 5 per cent. at the Custom House:—
Cygnet, Edward Purss, from Mauritius.
Miles and Kington.
One thousand bags containing 1,200 cwt. of Muscovado sugar, not being
refined, 1,200 cwt. at 248. - - - - 1440
5 per cent., or one-twentieth - - - - - 72
fºlā12


PART III.] UNITED KINGDOM.–-IMPorts.—Tariff, &c.
49
READY RECKon1NG—continued.
It may not be amiss to remind the reader that
100l. value
£.
75
50
25
12
10
5
&
0 one-half
0 one-fourth
10 one-eighth
0 one-tenth
0 one-twentieth
0 is three-fourths, or
s
i
Curt., qr., and lb., may be readily reduced into lº., thus:
Cwt. Qr. lb.
13
156 multiply by 12, carrying out two figures,
l
5
33 the odd qr. and 5 lb.
1489
lb.
&
i
in the £2.
The Tare or per Centage on hundreds-weight, quarters, and pounds is quickly
found thus:–
3 per Cent, on 123
Cwt. qrs. lb.
2 21 2 qrs. or 56 lb.
3 2]
369 77
2 add for the 2 qrs. 21 lb. as shown annexed. 3
112)371(3 cwt. 1 qr. 7 lb. amount required. 112)231(2
336 224
35 or 1 qr. 7 lb.
Qf a Ton.
Cwts.
15 is three-fourths
12 2 y three-fifths
10 3 * one-half
8 > * two-fifths
5 > * one-fourth
4 y y one-fifth
2} * * one-eighth
Of a Curt
Qrs, lb. I
2 or 56 is one-half
l or 28 5 y one-fourth
16 y 7 one-seventh
14 y 7 one-eighth
8 y y one-fourteenth
7 . . ,, ... one-sixteenth
l Qf a Quarter.
2.
14 is one-half
7 5 * one-fourth
4 . . .” one-seventh
# , , , one-eighth
2 . 3 * one-fourteenth
8.
15
12
1()
.
of a Pound Sterling.
is
three-fourths
three-fifths
one-half
two-fifths
one-third
one-fourth
one-fifth
one-sixth
one-eighth
One-tenth
one-twelfth
one-twentieth
Qf a Shilling
}
three-fourths
two-thirds
one-half
one-third
one-fourth
one-sixth
one-eighth
one-twelfth
2.


50 UNITED KINGDOM.–IMports.—Tariff, &c. [1845.
READY REcko NING—continued.
The pence in the price of an article become shillings in the dozen, and the pence
in the price of a dozen become shillings in the worth of a gross.
Thus 10d. each is 10s. per dozen.
18d. per doz. 18s. per gross.
The shillings in the price of an article become pounds in the score.
Thus, 91. the score, will be 9s. each, Nc.
Double the farthings in the price of a lb., call them shillings, add as many
groats as there were farthings in the said price, the result will be the value of
1 cwt.
far. ---
Er.—Rice, at 2; d. l l k 2 - 22, and l l groats, 3s. 8d.
Then 22s. --3.s. 8d. --.23s. 8d. 11. 3s. 8d. per cwt.
In estimating iron, copper, &c.
(1. £. s. d.
; per lb. amounts to 2.l. or 2 6 8 per ton.
# , , will be . . . . . . . . . . 7 () () , ,
1 * , , ,, . . . . . . . . . . ] { 0 0 , ,
2} , , 11 . . . . . . . . . . 21 () () ,
3 , , ,, . . . . . . . . . . 28 () () ,
And for every additional farthing, add 21.6s. 8d.
In calculating the long hundred, viz. 120, or six score pounds (the cwt. of
112 lb. being in these trades called the short hundred), call every penny 10s. &c.
Thus, 3d. per lb. =~30s. per cwt. and 30ſ. per ton.
4 d. do. = 45s. do. .45/. do.
6d. do. = 60s. do. 607. do.
The pence in the price of a quart of wine become guineas in the value of a
hogshead.
Thus, Wine at 4s.2d. per quart, ris., 50d., will be worth 50 guineas
per hogshead, or 100 guineas per pipe.
At 25s. per gallon, ric. 6s. 3d. per quart==75d., the hogshead will be
75 guineas, and the pipe 150 guineas.
DISCOUNT, &c.
5 per cent. per annum is 1 d. in the £ per month. Thus the discount of a bill
for 70l., having 3 months to run, would be 17s.6d., 70d. being 5s. 10d., multi-
plied by three months, produces the 17s.6d.


PART III.] UNITED KINGDOM.–IMPoRTs.-Tariff, &c. 51
CLASSIFICATION.
I.—ANIMALS (LIVING) AND ARTICLES OF FOOD.
II.-SPICES.
III.-SEEDS.
IV.-WOODS.
W.—TIMBER AND WOODS NOT OTHERWISE CHARGED.
WI.-ORES, MINERALS, METALS, AND MANUFACTURES
THEREOF.
VII.-OILS, EXTRACTS, PERFUMERY, &c.
VIII.-DYE-STUFFS, DRUGS, RESINS, &c.
HX.—SKINS AND FURS.
X.—HIDES, RAW AND TANNED.
XI.—MANUFACTURES OF LEATHER.
XII.-COTTON, HAIR, LINEN, WOOL, AND MANUFACTURES
THEREOF.
XIII.—GLASS, EARTHENWARE, AND PORCELAIN.
XIV.-SILK AND MANUFACTURES OF SILK.
XV.—NAVAL STORES.
XVI.—STONES, BRICKS, AND TILES.
XVII.—COFFEE, COCOA, TEA, AND TOBACCO.
XVIII.-SPIRITS AND WINES.
XIX. —MISCELLANEOUS.
XX.—CORN, SUGAR, AND MOLASSES.
INDEX.
In consulting the Tariff should there be any doubt as to which of these classes
any article may come under, it is hoped reference will be made to the Index at the
end of the Journal, by which it will be instantly pointed out.


52 UNITED KINGDOM.–IM ports.-Tariff, &c. [1845.
CLSTOMS DUTIES.
PAYABLE ON (;oops IMPORTED INTO THE UNITED KINGI)0M FROM
For EI (; N PART-S.
s - 4:
CLASS 1. Of lº "...a from
ANix, A.s (1.1 vis G) AND ARTiri...s or loop. ºff. rº.
ANIMAl,S (living) rix. £ s. d. C. s. d.
— Asses, each - - - - () 2 6 0 1 3
— Goats, each - - - - () 1 () 0 0 6
— Kids, each - - - - () 1 () 0 0 6
— Ox.EN and Bi LLs, each - - - 1 () () 0 1 0 ()
— Cows, each - - - - {) 15 () 0 7 6
— CALves, each - - - - () 1() () 0 5 0
Horses, MAREs, GELDINGs, Colts, Fox is, each I () () 0 10 0
Jºy T. O., July 30, 1835, horses in Steam-vessels i,
'being made or security given, and the pieger custº
complied with.
By C. ()., 1)ecember 1, 1890
immediately landed, upon a deposit
is regulations being afterwards duly
'h 18, 1815, and hecember 28, 1815, Officers of Cavalry and
Field Officers of Infa , may be allowed to import, when returning from Foreign Service,
their horses not exceeding the number for which th * allowed to draw forage, duty free.
And all officers returninº iron Foreign; service, may land their Briti.li horses, duly free.
McLEs, each - - - - 0 2 (; () 1 3
— Siirº r, each - - - - () 3 () () 1 6
— LAMBs, each - - - - () 2 () 0 1 0
— Sw1N1, and ii oºs, each - - - () 5 () 0 2 6
—— Pigs (sucking), each - - - () 2 () () 1 0
Poultry, 100/. val. - - - 5 () () 2 10 ()
So much ºf the Act and T
portation into the Unit; d. i.
swine, is hereby repealed.
His Majesty may by order
any cattle or beast on
distempor. 3 & 1 W
* . . , c. 32, as prohibits the im-
- latitton, lambs, sheep, or
et. c. 17, § 3. [July 9, 1842].
in cºuncil prºhibit the importation of any part of
', in ºrder to prevent any contagious
# , c. 52, §
statement of the number of Continental Beasts which have paid duty for the present year,
compiled from official sources:--
Oxen and Cows. Sheep.
London ... ſººn rary 1 to Oct. 12, 1811 1,493 - - 124
ſliverpool . . - Oct. 5, 1844 7 : - - 4
Hull - - - Oct. 11, 18 1 820 - - 412
Southam;ptºr, ()ct. 5, 1841 161 - 2
Total . . . . . 2,557 - - 572
ARRow Root, cwt. - - - - () 5 0 0 1 0
CAPERs, including the Pickle, Ib. - - 0 0 6 0 0 3
Messrs. VERRIERE and Co., of 1
Tare.—By C. ()., March 29, 181
capers only under the Act 6 Geo
ance for Tare, which was then fi
under the Act : Will. #, c. 56,
Tare of one-sixth part ºnly, which hi
re large importers of capers from France.—Ed.
tated that, when the duty was chargeable upon the
1:, it was the practice to include the pickle in the allow-
1 at one-third ; but that since the reduction of the duty
one shilling to sixpence the lb., including the pickle, a
been ascertained to be sufficient, has been i.
Cass AvA Powder, cwt. - - - () 5 () 0 1 0
CAv1ARE, cwt. - - - - 0 5 () 0 5 0
CHICORY, or any other Vegetable Matter, applicable to the Uses of Chi-
cory or Coffee:–
* App 5 per cent, to each Dufy, as mentioned p. 47.
For QUAx'rººs FM Po RTÉly, see Miscrill AN Eous INFortMAtion, prefixed to
the Journal.


PART III.] UNITED KINGDOM.–Imports.—Tariff, &c. 53
----- • ‘k
CLASS I. Of ºf *:::. from
ARTICLEs of FooD, &c.—continued. Foreign British
Countries, Possessions.
CHICORY-continued. 30 s. d. £ s. d.
— RoAstED or GRouxD, lb. - - () () 6 () () 6
—RAw or KILN-DRIED, cwt. . - - 1 () 0 1 0 ()
By E. O., dated Aug. 31, 1840, it is ordered that no objection be made on the part of the
revenue to dealers in and sellers of coffee mixing chicºry with cofiee, or to their having the
same so mixed in their possession.
CoMFrts, dry, lb. . • - -- , () () (; () () 3
CuccMBERs, preserved, 100l. wal. . - , 10 () () 5 () ()
FISH, viz.
So much of the Act and table of 3 & 4 Will. 4, c. 52, as prohibits the im-
portation into the United Kingdom of fish of foreign taking or curing, or
in forcign vessels, is hereby repealed. 5 & 6 Wict. c. 47, § 3. [July 9,
1842].
All fish of foreign taking, except anchoveys, eels, turbots, and lobsters, is
hereby prohibited to be imported into the United Kingdom in fishing
vessels or in any other vessels, unless such other vessels shall have been
cleared out regularly from some foreign port; and if any such fish or pro-
duce of fish or creatures living in the sea shall be so imported into the
United Kingdom, the same shall be forfeited. 5 & 6 Wict. c. 47, § 4.
[July 9, 1812].
The times, places and manner of landing foreign fish imported into the United
Kingdom, and of reporting and entering the same and of paying the duties
thereon, shall be subject to such regulations and directions as the Commis-
sioners of Customs shall from time to time make respecting the same; and
all foreign fish unladen from any vessel contrary to any such regulations and
directions shall be forfeited. 5 & 6 Wict. c. 47, § 30. [July 9, 1842].
So much of the Act 3 & 4 Will. 4, c. 52, as permits turbots of foreign taking,
or imported in a foreign ship, to be landed in the United Kingdom, without
report, entry, or warrant, and so much of the said Act as excepts such
turbots from the regulations as to times and places of landing, and presence
of officers of custoius at landing, is repealed. § 85.
ANCIIoveys, lb. - - - , () () 2 -
By C. O., Jan. 24, 1792, one-third to be allowed for salt and pickle, besides an adequate tare
for the package.
A little beyond Pirasto says Mr. A. is the village of Itisano, the ancient Rhizzinium, where
are to be seen the ruins of an old Moorish castle. Before we could arrive on board it was quite
dark, and the fishermen were commencing their occupation of catching sardines—that nice
relishing little fish, the sardine, which is, when genuine, much better than the sprats usually
sold in London as anchoveys—which are taken during the night, being attracted into the nets by
means of large fires burnt at the bow of each boat. The effect on these immense sheets of water
was superb, the illumination extending for miles. The men have a peculiar cry, which is said
also to bring the sardines together, and added in no small degree to the enchantment of the
scene.—-1 Picturial Tour in the JIediterrºnean. By J. II. Allan.
—- Lels, the ship's lading - - . 13 () 0 -
— LobstERs . - - - . Frec. -
TURBots, cwt. - - . () 5 () -
Fish of Foreign Taking, imported from Foreign Places, in other than
Fishing Vessels, riz.:-
-—-- Oysters, bushel - - - . () 1 (5 --
-— SALMoN, cwt. - - - . () 1 () () -
— Soles, cwt. . - - - . () 5 () -
--— TURTLE, cwt. - - - . () 5 () -
* App 5 per cent. to each Duty, as mentioned p. 47.
For QUANtities Ixipon TED, see Misceli,ANEous INForMAtios, prefied to
(he Journal.


54 UNITED KINGDOM.–IM ports.—Tariff, &c. [1845.
- - ----- *
("L.ASS I. Of ºf *... from
Antici. Es of Food, &c.—continued. Foreign British
("ountries. Possessions.
FISH-continued. .C. s. d. 6 s. d.
— FREsii, not otherwise enumerated, cwt. . () 1 () -
— CURED, not otherwise enumerated, cwt. . () 2 () -
—— Fish of BRIt isi, TAKING, fresh or cured - Free. Free.
By 3 & 1 Will. 4, c. 52, § 14, before any cured fish shall be entered free of duty as being of
such taking and curing, the master of the ship importing the same shall make and subscribe
a declaration before the cºllector or controller, that such fish was actually caught and taken
in British ships and cured by the crews of such ships, or by his Majesty's subjects.
FRUIT, viz.
— Raw, and not otherwise enumerated, 100l. val. 5 0 0 5 O O.
— PINI, APPLI:s
- Lºndon, July 17, 1844.
Another can go of pine apºles has arrived, the number being 12,000, ºr ught over by the Sophia.
The letters from the B; ite that the natives are quitº isiastic now the British have
taken up the trade, since the Angelicans, who were the sole pºur lasers before, cannot beat them
down in 1 rices. The pine-trees in the West Indies it appears only bear for three years, and then
the natives root them up to make room for other plantations.-- ('or.
— ALMoNDs. not Jordan nor Bitter, cwt. . () 1() () 0 1 () (?
-- Jordan, cwt. - - ... I j () 1 5 ()
- IBitter, cwt. - - . () 2 () () 2 ()
— ALMox D PASTE, 100/. val. . - . .2() () () 20 0 0
—— APPLEs, raw, bushel - - . () () (; () () 2
- - Dried, bushel - - . () 2 () 0 2 0
APRIcoTs—
By T. O., Nov. 11, 1843, preserved apricots and pears, are to be charged with the duty of 6d.
the Ib, payable on succades or confectionary, including all fruits and vegetables preserved in
sugar. See “Succades,” p. 61.
— BERRIEs, unenumerated, cwt. - . () 2 () 0 2 0.
— CHERRIEs, raw, 100'. val. - - . 5 () () 5 0 0
- I)ried, lb. - - . () () (; () () 6
— Citrox, preserved with salt, 100l. val. . 1 () () () 10 0 O.
— CRAN BERRI Es, gal. . - - . () () } () () 1
, cwt. [7 Vict. c. 16.] - . () 15 () 0 15 0.
By 3 & 4 Will. I, c. 52, § 2. Currents, being the produce of Europe, shall
not be imported into the United Kingdom, to be used therein, except in
British ships, or in ships of the country of which the goods are the produce,
or in ships of the country from which the goods are imported.
By 3 & Will. 1, c. 52, § 32, no abatement of duties shall be made on account
of any damage received by Currants.
By 4 & 5 Will. 4, c. 89, Currants, deposited in warehouses of special security,
when taken out for home use, the duty shall be charged upon the quantity
actually delivered.
No abatement of the duties payable upon Currants found Derelict, Jetsam,
Flotsam or Wreck shall be made or allowed. 5 & 6 Wict. c. 47, § 17.
[July 9, 1842].
By c. o., April, 1316, Tare on Currants in casks to be, per cent, from Zante, 13: Leghorn,
10: Trieste, 10; with liberty to have an actual taring in case of dissatisfaction either of the
merchant or officer. - -
By T. O., N 9, 1836, on the delivery for home use of Currants, deposited in warehouses of
extra security fitted up in the proper manner, an allowance is to be made for the natural
waste that may have arisen thereon in such warehouses, not exceeding 3 per cent. for the
first twelve months on the quantities ascertained at the time of the first entry and landing
of the same; and for any term exceeding twelve months, an allowance not exceeding 4 per
cent.
By c. o., Oct., 14, 1825, half a pound the package allowed for sample when warehoused.
* ADD 5 per cent. to each Duty, as mentioned p. 47.
For QUANTITIES IMpoRTED, see MiscellANEous INForMATION, prefired to
the Journal.


PART III.] UNITED KINGDOM.–IMPORTs.—Tariff, &c. 5;
t * Rates of Duty.*
CLASS I. of or from Of and from
ARTICLEs of FooD, &c.—continued. Foreign British
Countries. Possessions.
FRUIT-continued. 30 s. d. £ s. d.
READY RECKONING.
For Currants, same as Raisins, see page 57.
—— DATEs, cwt. - - - ... O 10 0 0 10 ()
—— FIGs, cwt. . - - • . () 15 0 0 15 0
By 3 & 4 Will. 4, c. 54, § 2, Figs, being the produce of Europe, shall not be
imported into the United Kingdom, to be used therein, except in British
ships, or in ships of the country of which the goods are the produce, or in
ships of the country from which the goods are imported.
By 3 & 4 Will. 4, c. 52, § 32, no abatement of duties shall be made on account
of any damage received by Figs.
By 4 & 5 Will. 4, c. 89, Figs, deposited in warehouses of special security, when
taken out for home use, the duty shall be charged upon the quantity actually
delivered.
No abatement of the duties payable upon Figs found Derelict, Jetsam, Flotsam,
or Wreck shall be made or allowed. 5 & 6 Wict. c. 47, § 17. [July 9,
1842].
By T. O., Nov. 29, 1836, on the delivery for home use of figs deposited in warehouses of ertra
security fitted up in the proper manner, an allowance is to be made for the natural waste
that may have arisen thereon in such warehouses, not exceeding three per cent. for the
first twelve months on the quantities ascertained at the time of the first entry, and landing
of the same, and for any term exceeding twelve months an allowance not exceeding four per
cent.
PACHING.
The process of packing figs in the drums, for exportation is considered as one of the “curiosi-
ties” of Smyrna, though in truth it is simple enough, and conducted without any mystery.
After drying on the tree, they are brought from the country on camels' backs: and we met long
rows of these animals toiling through the crooked and dirty streets, with their huge loads tower-
ing far above our heads. The figs are them turned out in a heap in the middle of an apartment,
round which are squatted a group of women and children, not very cleanly in appearance, who
press them into rather a long shape from the stalk, and then hand them in sieves to another
party of women and men, who with a drum before them, and a pail of salt-water by their sides,
form a little packet of figs in their hands by pressing half a dozen close together, and place them
round the inner edge of the drum, with the stalk inwalds. On completing the circle, they fill up
the inside with as many as they can get in, and then sprinkling the whole with salt-water to
destroy the worm which each ig is said to contain, and to produce a candied appearance by
crystallisation, they proceed to the next layer. The whºle operation is performed with incredible
despatch.--1 Picturiſt/ Tour in the Mediterrºne in. 13'ſ J. H. .1//an.
We bought a drum of the best figs Eleme in order to ascertain the accuracy of Mr. Allan's
account ; and on examin l, fºr the first time in our lives, we not only found the fruit packed
as he says, but the maggots deceased in their sweet entombment.— Lif. Gas. Iyec. 23, 1843.
GRAPLs, 100l. val. . - - . 5 () () 5 () ()
— MEDLARs, blishel - • - . 0 1 0 () () 6
NUTs, viz.
- — Chestnuts, bushel - - . () 2 () 0 2 ()
——— Cocoa or Coker Nuts, 1200 . . () () () () 1 ()
— Corozos
By T. L., April 29, 1814, corozos or Palm nuts imported from Sayanilla, are to be charged with
the duty of 5 per cent... ad raior, m, as goods, wales, &c., unmanufac ured.
——-—— Pistachio Nuts, cwt. - . () 10 0 0 10 ()
--——— Small Nuts, bushel . - . () 2 () 0 2 ()
— Walnuts, bushel -
- . () 2 0 O 2 ()
— Kernels—See “Nuts or KERN Els,” Class 7.
—- Nuts, not otherwise enumerated, except
such as are commonly used for expressing oil
therefrom, 100l., val. - - - . 20 () () 20 () ()
* ADD 5 per cent. to each Duty, ºs mentioned p. 17.
For QUANTITIES IMPORTED, see Misceli.AN Eous INFortMATION, prefixed to
the Journal.


56 UNITE!) KINGDOM.–IMpoRTs.—Tariff, &c.
[1845.
CLASS I.
Ratcs of Duty.*
Of or from | Of and from
ARTICLEs of Food, &c.--continued. Foreign British
Countries. Possessions.
FRUIT-continued. £ s. d. £ s. d.
— OLIVEs, gallon () 2 () 0 2 0
— ORANGEs and IEMONs, viz. –
- In Chests and Boxes not exceeding
5000 cubic inches, box - - . () 2 6 () 2 6
——- Over 5000 cubic inches, and not ex-
ceeding 7300, box • - - . () 3 9 () 3 9
– Over 7,300 cubic inches, and not ex-
ceeding 14,000, box - - - . () 7 6 0 7 6
- For erery 1000 cubic inches exceed-
ing 14,000 - - . () (, 7} 0 0 7
———- Loose, 1000 , () 1.j () 0 15
——— Entered at I 'alue, at the Option o
the importer, 100', calue - - . 7. ) () (; 7.5 0
Fy 3 & 4 Will. 1, c. 54, § 2, Oranges and Lemons, being the produce of
Europe, shall not be impºrted into the United Kingdom, to be used therein,
except in British ships, or in ships of the country of which the goods are the
produce, or in ships of the country from which the goods are imported.
By 3 & 4 Will. 4, c. 52, § 32, no abatement of duties shall be made on account
of any damage received by Oranges and Lemons.
No abatement of the duties payable upon Oranges and Lemons found Derelict,
Jetsam, Flotsam, or Wreck shall be made or allowed. 5 & 6 Vict. c. 47,
§ 17. [July 9, 1842].
y C. O., Sept. 3, 1840, it is stated, that the principal importers in London, on a conference
with the Surveyors-General, have agreed that all the smaller boxes from the Azores shall in
future he as nearly as practicable confined to the following dimensions, viz.:-
Length, 36 inches : breadth, 13% inches: depth, 7 inches; extreme cone, 9 inches; # of which
is chargeable with duty.
Thus : 36 in
1.
2
O
0.
hes in length,
... in breadth,
486
10 extie:... depth or duty
4860
And care is to be taken that all boxes of oranges and lemons, the capacity of which shalf
exceed 5,000 cubic inches, be charged with the rated duty legally . thereon, without
any regard to the shrinkage of the fruit, the importer having the option of paying duty by
talc, or at value.
By C. O., Feb. 29, 1811, it is stated that several packages of oranges, which have been imported
from the Azores, and entered as exceeding 5,000, and not exceeding 7,300 cubic inches, have
been found, on examination, to exceed the latter capacity by 380 inches, according to the
following mode of calculating the cubical contents, riz.:-
Length, exclusive of wood partition
. 36 inches
Breadth. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - . 20
Depth . . . . . ... 7
Cone 2, one-third for duty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3}
20 × 36-720 × 10%--7680
380 Excess.
And were, consequently, detained by the officers, being liable to the duty of 7s.6d. instead
of 3s. 9d. per box, and that, from the peculiar construction of the packages in which oranges
are imported from the Azores, a duty, according to cubical measurement would in strictmess
attach thereto, beyond that payable on the actual content thereof; but it being impracticable
for the importers to send instructions to the Azore islands sufficiently early to reduce the
dimensions of such packages as are expected during the present season, the present and
similars packages as are expected to arrive during this season are to be passed at the duty of
8s. 9d. per box, with an express understanding with the importers and others interested in
the trade, that should any similar packages be imported after the expiration of four months
* App 5 per cent. to each Dufy, as mentioned p. 47.
For QUANTITIES IM poRred, see MiscellANEous INForMATIos, prefixed to
the Journal.


PART III.] UNITED KINGDOM.—IMpoRTs.—Tariff, &c. 5
7
Rates of puty.*
CLASS I. of or from of and from
ARTICLEs of FooD, &c.—continued. Foreign British
Countries. | Possessions.
FRUIT-continned. :6 s. d. 6 s. d.
from the date hereof, no relief will be granted; but that in all cases the directions contained
in the minute of the 3rd September, 1840, will be rigidly enforced, viz., That all packages of
oranges and lemons, the capacity of which shall exceed 5000 cubic inches, be charged with
the rated duty legally payable thereon, without any regard to the shrinkage of the fruit, the
importer having the option of paying the duty by tale, or at value.
—— PEARs, raw, bushel - - . () () 6 () () 3
PEARs, dried, bushel - , () 2 () () 2 0
By T. L., Dec. 16, 1842, preserved pears, if in a dry state, to be admitted at the duty on dried
pears.
PEEL of LEMONs, cwt. • . () I () 0 1 (y
— of Oranges, cwt. - - . () 1 () O 1 ()
————- of Pomegranates, cwt. - . () 1 () 0 1 ()
—— Plexis (commonly called French I'liums) and
Prunelloes, cwt. - - - . I () () I 0 ()
- Dried or Preserved, cwt. - . 1 7 6 I 7 6
See “Succades” in this Class.
PLUMs preserved in sugar, lb. [7 Vict. c. 16.] 0 0 6 () () 6
Poxiegº ANATEs, 1000 - - . () 5 () () 5 ()
— PRUNEs, cwt. - - - . () 7 () 0 7 0.
By 3 & 4 Will. 4, c. 54, § 2, Prunes, being the produce of Europe, shall not
be imported into the United Kingdom, to be used therein, except in British
ships, or in ships of the country of which the goods are the produce, or in
ships of the country from which the goods are imported.
By C. O., I)ec, 6, 1828, on all future importations of prunes contained i
the same being inner packages, no duty is to be demanded on the pa
— QUINCEs, 1000 ()
— RAIsINs, cwt.
rtoons and baskets,
C.S.
() () I ()
() 0 7 6
By 3 & 4 Will. 4, c. 54, § 2, Raisins, being the produce of Europe, shall not
be imported into the United Kingdom, to be used therein, except in British
ships, or in ships of the country of which the goeds are the produce, or in
ships of the country from which the goods are imported.
By 3 & 4 Will. 4, c. 52, § 32, no abatement of duties shall be made on account
of any damage received by Raisins.
By 4 & 5 Will. 4, c. 89, Raisins, deposited in warehouses of special security,
when taken out for home use, the duty shall be charged upon the quantity
actually delivered.
By 5 & 6 Wict. c. 47, § 17, no abatement of the duties payable upon Raisins
found Derelict, Jetsam, Flotsam, or Wreck shall be made or allowed.
By C. O., Nov. 27, 1821, it is stated, that the merchants are entitled to a tare of 4 lb for each
half box of sun raisins imported; and that it is the practice in London in drawing average
tares to give the merchants a whole number when the fraction is half or more : but in cases
in which it does not amount to a half, then to throw it off in favour of the Crown.
at it is not the practice in London to mark boxes of raisins or other articles in small
packages, of which more than one is weighed at a draft, with the contents at the time
of landing.
By T. O., Nov., 20, 1836, on the delivery for he:me use of raisins deposited in warehouses of
e., tra security fitted up in the proper manner, an allowance is to be made for the natural
waste that may have arisen therein in such warehouses, not exceeding 3 per cent. for the
first twelve months on the quantities ascertained at the time of the first entry and landing
the same, and for any term exceeding twelve months an allowance not exceeding 4 per
T
() 15
cent.
By C. O., Oct. 14, 1825, half a pound each mark allowed for sample when warehoused.
* App 5 per cent. to each Dufy, as mentioned p. 47.
For Qv ANTitles IM ported, see Miscell. ANEOUs INForMAtiox, prefaced to
the Journal.


58 UNITED KINGDOM.—IMpoRTs.—Tariff, &c. [1845.
"T, A QS Rates of Duty.*
CLASS I. Of or from of and from
ARTICLEs of Food, &c.—continued. Foreign British
Countrics. Possessions.
FRUIT-continued. 30 s. d. £ s. d.
REAI)Y RE("KONING.
Showing at one view the duty on Raisins from 1 lb to 3 cwt.—At 15s. cwt.
th s. d. it, s. d. it, s, d. rt s, d.
l 0 2 8 1 1 15 2 () 22 2 11
2 0 3 9 l 2 16 2 2 :2:8 3 1
3 () 5 1() l 4 17 2 :8 24 3 3
4 () 6 11 1 6 18 2 5 25 3 4
5. () 8 12 1 7 1() 2 7 26 3 (5
6 0 l () 13 I () :20 2 8 27 3 7
7 . . . . 0 1 1 11 1 11 21 2. l () 28 . . . . 3 9
— TAMARINDs, ib. - - , 0 0 3 0 0 1
GRAIN, not rated as Corn or Seeds, rix.
— BARLEY, Pearled, cwt. - - . () 5 () 0 2 6
— BI: ANs, KIDNEY, and FRExciſ, bushel . () () 1() () () 5
— Rice, not rough, nor in the husk, ewt. . () (; () 0 0 6
— Rice, rough, and in the husk, quarter . () 7 () 0 0 1
Upon the exportation from the United Kingdom of any foreign rice or paddy
which shall have been cleaned theroin, and wiich shall have paid the duties
payable on the importation thereof under this Act, there shall be allowed
and paid for every hundred weight thereof a drawback equal in amount to
the duty which shall have been paid under this Act on every four bushels
of the rough rice or paddy from which the same shall have been cleaned;
and such drawback shall be paid and allowed subject to the like conditions
as to the depositing and securing the cleaned rice, and as to the same having
been cleaned from the rough rice or paddy upon which the duties shall have
been paid, subject to which the drawback upon cleaned rice and paddy is
1:ow paid and allowed under the former Act 5 & 6 Vict. c. 47, § 47. [July
9, 1842.
By 3 & 4 Will. I, c. 56, § 7, such drawback upon rice so exported shall be
paid and allowed only upon such clean rice as shall be deposited for the
purpose of exportation within one calendar mºth from the day on which
the duty thereon had been paid, in some warehouse (in which the rice may be
warehoused on importation without payment of duty), and shall there remain
secured until duly shipped to be exported from such warehouse: Provided
that the exporter of such rice shall make oath before the Collector or Con-
troller that the rice so warehoused for exportation was cleaned from the rough
rice or paddy upon which the duties had been so paid.
Cleaning.—It shall be lawful for the Commissioners of Customs, under security
by bond to their satisfaction, to permit any rice, the product of places within
the limits of the East India Company's charter, to be delivered out of ware-
house to be cleaned, making such allowance for waste as to the Commis-
sioners shall appear to be reasonable. 3 & 4 Will. 4, c. 57, § 35.
By T. L., January 26, 1812, with reference to an application for leave to clean Egyptian rice
in bond, authority is given to extend to all rice which may legally be imported into this
country, the indulgence which is granted by the 35th section of the foregoing Act to rice
the produce of places within the limits of the East India Company' charter.
HAY, load - - - - . 0 16 0 O 8 0
HoNEY, cwt. - - - - . 0 10 0 O 5 0
The bee is little among such as fly: but her fruit is the chief of sweet things.-Eccles. xi. 3.
Hops, cwt. - - - - . 4 10 0 4 10 0
By 3 & 4 Will. 4, c. 52, § 33, Hops shall not be re-imported into the United
* ADD 5 per cent to each Duty, as mentioned p. 47.
For QUANTITIES IMPORTED, see MiscellANEoUs INFORMATION, prefixed to
the Journal.


PART III.] UNITED KINGDOM.–IMPorts.--Tariff, &c. 59
Rates of Duty.*
CLASS I. of or from of and from
ARTICLEs of FooD, &c.—continued. Foreign British
Countries, Possessions.
HOPS–continued. £ s. d. £ s. d.
Kingdom for home use, upon the ground that the same had been legally
exported from thence; but the same shall be deemed to be foreign goods,
whether originally such or not, and shall also be deemed to be imported for
the first time into the United Kingdom.
By C. O., April 29, and 30, 1818, Hops which may require kiln-drying, are to be accompanied
from the warehouse to the kiln by an officer, and the kiln placed under the Queen’s lock.
Bond also being given previously on the hops being taken out for the due return thereof,
provided that the Crown be not put to any expense on the occasion.
LIQUIDS, viz.
—— BEER or MUM, barrel - - . 2 0 () 2 O 0
—— Spruce, barrel - - - . 1 () () 1 0 0
By C. O., March 13, 1837, the following mode is to be adopted in calculating the contents of
kegs of spruce beer for the duty—riz., the actual ullage quantity to be gauged to the fourth
part of a gallon; or, and at the option of the importer, the full contents of each keg to be
ascertained, with an allowance of one in ten, in consequence of the kegs never being im-
ported full.
—— ALE and BEER of all Sorts, barrel . . 2 0 0 2 0 0
By O. C., July 28, 1812, the practice is to be adhered to of allowing 32 gallons to the barrel.
By C. O., Jan. 31, 1839, beer imported into England from the islands of Guernsey, Jersey,
Alderney, Sark, or Man is to be charged with a duty of 8s. 3d. the barrel of 36 gallons, as
an equivalent to the excise duty on 3 bushels of malt and 31b of hops.
By T. O., Nov. 20, 1840, authority is given to reduce the countervaiſing duty on beer imported
from the Isle of Man from 8s. 3d. to 7s. 113 d. the barrel, with the additional five per cent.
—— CIDER, tun - - - . 1 () 10 0 1 0 10 0
— Essex.cf. of SpRucF, 100l. val. - ... 10 0 () 10 0 0
—— Juice of LEMONs, LIMEs and ORANGEs, gal. 0 0 0; 0 0 0}
— MEAD, gallon - - - . () 5, 6 () 5, 6
—— PERRY, tun - - - . 1 () I () () 10 I () ()
VINEGAR, tun. [7 Vict. c. 16.] - . 4 4 () 4 4 0
To prevent vinegar or acetous acid of excessive strength being brought into con-
sumption upon payment of duty as common vindgar or acetous acid, to the
great injury of Her Majesty's revenue, all such liquors shall be tried and
examined by any officer of customs with such acetometer as shall be from
time to time directed by the Commissioners of Customs, in order to ascertain
the strength thereof; and whenever any such liquors shall upon any such
trial be found by any officer of customs to be above proof, as denoted by
such acetometer (proof being such strength of acotous acid that one hundred
parts of the liquor by weight will saturate or neutralize fourteen and a half
parts by weight of crystalized sub-carbonate of soda), the number of gallons
of such liquors of which such trial is made shall be deemed and computed by
such officer to be such number as could be made from or with such liquors if
diluted by water to the strength of proof denoted as aforesaid, and shall be
chargeable and taken account of and charged by such officer with duty accord-
ingly. 7 Vict. c. 16, § 10. [6th June, 1844].
LIQUORICE Roots, cwt. - - . 1 () 0 0 10 0
By C. ()., June 27, 1834, an allowance of 7lb. per cwt. is to be adopted as a gencral allow-
ance for tare on Liquorice, subject to the actual tare, at the option of the officers or the
merchant.
— PAste, cwt. - - - . 1 () () 0 1 0 0
— Juice, cwt. - - - . 1 7 6 0 10 0
By O. C., July 21, 1842, my Lords, adverting to the circumstance that liquorice in rolls rated
as juice, at 27s. 6d., has undergone a process of labour over and above the paste, see no
reason why the two articles shºuld not be separately charged as they stand in the Customs
Act lately passed—that is, as the duties are stated herein.
* App 5 per cent. to each Duty, as mentioned p. 47.
For QUANtities IMported, see MiscellANEot's Is Fort MAtiox, prefired to
the Journal.


60 UNITED KINGDOM.–IMpoRTs.—Tariff, &c. [1845.
CLASS Rates of Duty.”
CLASS I. Of or from | Of and from
ARTICLEs of Foop, &c.—continued. Foreign Hritish
Countries. Possessions.
LIQUORICE—-continued. .C. s. d. £ s. d.
- Powder, cwt. - - . I 15 0 0 15 0
M AcARox1 and WERMicr:1.1.1, lb. . - , () () 1 0 0 1
MARM ALADE, lb. . - - - . () () 6 0 0 1
Oil, SLED CA kes, ton - - - . () 1 0 0 1 0
Picki. Es of all Sorts, including the Vinegar, and not
otherwise enumerated, gallon . - . () 1 6 0 0 9
Preserved in salt, gallon - , () () 6 0 0 3
PIROVISIONS, ris,
—— BAcox, cwt. - - - , () 1.4 () () 3 6
—— BEEF, salted, not being corned Beef, cwt. . () 8 () 0 2 ()
—— Fresh, or slightly salted, cwt. , () 8 () () 2 0
So much of the Act and table of 3 & 4 Will. 1, c. 52, as prohibits the im-
portation into the United Kingdom of be, f, fr. º. or cºrned or slightly salted,
is hereby repºſed. 5 & 6 Wict. c. 17, § 3. July 9, 1812).
Ry C. O., Feb. 11, 1841, a diversity of prºtice appearing to prevail in the mode of ascertaining
the weight of salted provisions for the duty... and as the met weight of meat usually put into
casks of the following descriptions is as set forth ::::...in-t each. .
Tierces of India Beef, 3.36 b each.
- Pork, 318
- Mess I?,*eſ, ‘20
Barrels of Beef or Pork, 200
The weighing of such packages gross is to he in future di-pens, it with ; and that the net
weight of each description of package he ascertained by weighing the contents of as many
casks as the landing offic, rs may deem necessary to arrive at the correct average weights
thereof for duty : for instative, -
66 barrels salted beef, average 200 lb each
6t;
13.200 total average, or 117 cwt. 3 qrs. 12it, net.
—— BUTTER, cwt. - - - . 1 () () () { 0
By C. ()., Feb. 9, 1832, one pint of tar is to be mixed with every hundred weight of damaged
butter; and in the same proportion for any greater or less quantity.
—— CIIEEsp, cwt. - - - . () 10 6 0 2 6
By 4 & 5 Will. 4, c. 89, Cheese deposited in warehouses of special security,
when taken out for home use, the duty shall be charged upon the quantity
actually delivered.
By T. O., November 29, 1836, on the delivery for home use of cheese deposited in warehouses
of extra security fitted up in the proper manner, an allowance is to be made for the natural
waste that may have arisen thereon in such warehouses, not exceeding 3 per cent, for
the first twelve months on the quantities ascertained at the time of the first entry and
landing of the same, and for any term exceeding twelve months an allowance not exceeding
4 per cent.
—— Eggs, 120 . - - - . () (; ; () 0 0 23
—— HAMs of all Kinds, cwt. - - , () 1.4 O 0 3 6
By 4 & 5 Will. 4, c. 89, Hams deposited in warehouses of special security,
when taken out for home use, the duty shall be charged upon the quantity
actually delivered.
By T. L., Dec. 22, 1838, the following allowances are to be made for the natural waste on hams
in warehouses of ertra security, ric.—five per cent, for the first twelve months on the quan-
tities ascertained at the time of the first entry and landing of the same, and six per cent. for
any term exceeding that period.
By O. C., 4 Oct. 1842, relative to the duty on hams smoked and dried in Canada, from salted
pork imported from the United States, their Lordships are of opinion that the hams in ques-
tion ought to be admitted at the duty of 3s.6d. per cwt.
* ADD 5 per cent. to each Duty, as mentioned p. 47.
For QUANTITIES IMPORTED, see MISCELLANEous INFORMATION, prefixed to
the Journal.


PART III.] UNITED KINGDOM.–IMPorts.—Tariff, &c. 61
Rates of Duty.*
CLASS I. Of or from of and from
ARTICLEs of FooD, &c.—continued. Foreign British
Countries. | Possessions.
PROVISIONS–continned. 36 s. d. £ s. d.
By C. O., June 6, 1843, under the former order of March 6, last, salt provisions, including
hams, which have not undergone in Canada the whole of the processes requisite to their
curing, are inadmissible as Canadian produce.
— LARD, cwt. . - - - , () 2 0 0 0 6
As to Duty on Lard Oil, see OIL, Class 7.
By C. O., November 2, 1843, sterine is deemed to be lard, and to be admitted to entry as
such.
Pork, Salted (not Hams), cwt. - . () 8 () O 2 ()
Fresh, cwt. • - . () 8 () 0 2 ()
By C. O., Oct. 3, 1843, a question having been raised whether legs of pork and middles, com-
monly called flitches, merely salted or pickled, should, on importation into the United
Kingdom, be charged with duty as salted pork or as hams and bacon respectively, the same
are to be charged with the rated duty payable on salted pork.
So much of the Act and table of 3 & 4 Will. 4, c. 52, as prohibits the importa-
tion into the United Kingdom of pork, fresh or corned. or slightly salted, is
hereby repealed. 5 & 6 Wict. c. 47, § 3. [July 9, 1812].
As to ascertaining weight, see “Beef" above.
PUDDINGs and SAusAGEs, lb. - . () () 3 0 0 1
It seems that a German sausage is not less genuine for being univ, holesonie, since the sausages
eaten in Germany by the Germans themselves cause mortal diseases, as we are told by Liebig.
The subject is really of importance to the health of the public, and on that account we call
attention to it.—(?lobe.
--
ToNGUEs, cwt. - - - ... O 1() () 0 2 6
—— SALTED or FREsil MEAT, not otherwise de-
scribed, cwt. - - - . () 8 0 0 2 ()
Till. PRICE OF PIROVISI () N. S.
London, Sept. 27, 1841.
The annual Government provisions contract for the use of the navy was yesterday taken at
Somerset-house. The quantity required was 11,000 tierces and 3,000 barrels of pork, and 3,000
tierces of beef, and was taken as follows:--Pork. 6, 400 tierces and 3,000 barrels, Allen and
Anderson, at 57. 1 1s. : 3,000 ditto, Jones Brothers, 51.. I is. 3d. : 1,600 ditto, sundries, 51.12s. 2d.;
total, 11,000 tierces. Beef, 2,000 tierces, Bell and II uglies, 5/. 3s. 10d. : 1,000 ditto, sundries,
51. 4s. 3d. ; total 3,000 tierces. These prices, though higher than last year, are considered low,
especially the beef.-Cor.
SAGo, cwt. - - - - - 0 1 0 0 1 0
SuccADEs, including all Fruits and Vegetables pre-
served in Sugar, lb. - - - . () () 6 0 0 1
CoNFEcTIoNARy, lb. [7 Vict. c. 16.] - . () () (; 0 0 6
By C. O., Nov. 13, 1811, in cases in which sweatmeats or other trifling articles brought for
private use, or as presents, from the British possessions, shall not he inserted in, or accom-
panied by proper certificates of clearance or produce, the collector and controller may, pro-
vided the high duty shall not amount to 10!., admit the articles to entry as the produce of
the British possessions, upon proof of the fact being adduced to their satisfaction and pay-
ment of the following fines, viz.
.8 s. d. £ s. d. s. d.
If the Foreign Duty be 0 10 0 and under o 0 a fine of 2 6
J)itto 1 ſ () : y 2 () () -- 5 ()
* * 2 () 0 x - 3 () to -- 7 6
> * :3 () () -> 5 () () ,, 10 0
x - 5 0 () -- J () () () ,, 20 ()
TAProc A, cwt. - • - - . () 1 () 0 1 ()
TRUFFLEs, lb. - - - - . () 1 () 0 1 ()
VANELLOEs, lb. - - - - 5 () () 5 ()
* ADD 5 per cent. fo each Duty, as mentioned p. 47.
For QUANTiti Es 1 M portE1), see Misceli.AN Eou's INFort M.Atiox, prefired fo
the Journal.


62 UNITED KINGDOM.–IMpoRTs.—Tariff, &c. [1845.
w - Cº- **::
CLASS I. Of ºf *F. from
ARTICLEs of FooD, &c.—continued. Foreign British
Countries. Possessions.
VEGETABLES, viz. .C. s. d. 6 s. d.
LENTILEs, bushel . - - . () O 3 0 0 1 }
ONIONs, bushel - 0 0 6 0 0 3
PLAINTAINs, cwt. - () O 2 0 0 2
— PotAToes, cwt. - - - . 0 0 2 0 0 1
— ALL Vegetables not enumerated or described,
100l. val. - - - . 5 0 () 2 10 O
CLASS II.-SPICEs.
CAssIA LIGNEA, lb. - - - . () () 3 0 0 I
BUDs, lb. - - () () 6 0 0 3
CINNAMoN, lb. • - - - . () () (3 0 0 3
CLovEs, lb. - - - - . () () 6 () O 6
GINGER, cwt. • • - - . () 1 () () () 5 ()
— Preserved, lb. - - - . 0 () 6 0 0 1
Consignments and Slips' Stores.
In a ship reported from China and a British possession in the East, the C s. d.
high duty. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 0 6
Except on declaration by the party that the article was taken on board at
a British Possession, of which it is the produce, then the low duty ... 0 0 1
Item, lining Stores of Passenge,’s.
On a declaration that the article was taken on board at a British Pos-
session . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 0 1
IF IMPORTH, I) IN A SHIP FROM A BRITIs II PossI:ss Iox.
Consignments and Ships' Stºres.
In China Packages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : . . . . . 6
J3ut upon a declaration by the party that the article is the
British possession l
Remaining Stores of Passengers.
If imported from a British possession where ginger, &c. is not grown, such
as Sincapore, the Cape of Good Hope, and St. Helena, the high duty.... 0 0 6
MACE, lb. - - • - . () 2 6 0 2 6
NUTMEGs, lb. - - - - . 0 3 6 0 2 6
—— Wild, in the Shell, lb. . - . () () 3 0 0 3
PIMENTo, cwt. e - - - . () 5 () O 5 O
PEPPER of all Sorts, lb. - - - . () () 6 0 0 6
By 3 & 4 Will. 4, c. 52, § 32, no abatement of duties shall be made on account
of any damage received by Pepper.
It shall be lawful for the Commissioners of Customs to accept the abandonment
for the duties, of any quantity of warehoused Pepper, and to cause or permit
the same to be destroyed, and to deduct such quantity of Pepper from the
total quantity of the same importation, in computing the amount of the defi-
ciency of such total quantity. 3 & 4 Will. 4, c. 57, § 33.
No abatement of the duties payable upon Pepper found Derelict, Jetsam, Flot-
sam, or Wreck shall be made or allowed. 5 & 6 Vict. c. 47, § 17. [July
9, 1842].
By C. O. Oct. 14, 1825, one ounce the bag allowed for sample when warehoused.
* ADD 5 per cent. to each Duty, as mentioned p. 47.
For QUANTITIES IMPORTED, see MiscELLANEous INForMATION, prefixed to
the Journal.


PART III.] UNITED KINGDOM.–IMpoRTs.—Tariff, &c. 63
Rates of Duty.*
CLASS III.-SEEDs. Ofor from Of and from
Foreign British
Countries. | Possessions.
£ s. d. £ s. d.
Acorns, bushel • - - , 0 1 0 0 0 6
ALGANobiLLA, cwt. [7 Vict. c. 16.] - . 0 O 3 0 0 3
ANNISEED, cwt. - - - ... O 5 0 0 2 6
CANARY, bushel e - - ... O 4 0 0 2 ()
CARRAway, cwt. e y - . () 1() 0 () 5 0
CARRoT, cwt, - - - - . () 1() () O 5 0
CLovER, cwt. - () 1() () () 5 0
By 3 & 4 Will. 4, c. 54, § 2, Clover-seed, being the produce of Europe, shall
not be imported into the United Kingdom, to be used therein, except in
British ships, or in ships of the country of which the goods are the produce,
or in ships of the country from which the goods are imported.
CoLE, quarter • • - - . () () 1 0 0 1
Colchicuxi SEED, cwt. [7 Vict. c. 16.] . . () 1 0 0 1 0
CoRIANDER, cwt. • • • . () 5 () 0 2 6
Crotox, commonly used for expressing oil there-
from, quarter - - - 0 () 1 0 0 1
CUMMIN, cwt. - () 5 () 0 2 6
FENNUGREEK, cwt. - e () 5 () 0 2 6
FLAx, quarter - • () () 1 () 0 1
By T. L., Dec. 29, 1832, their Lordships permit the introduction of flax-seed from Holland in
neutral vessels.
Forest, cwt. - - () 10 () 0 5 O
GARDEN, not particularly enumerated or described,
nor otherwise charged with duty, lb. . . () () 1 0 0 1
GRAss of all Sorts, not particularly enumerated or
otherwise charged with duty, cwt. - . () 5 () 0 2 6
HEMP, quarter - • - - . () () 1 () () I.
LEEK, cwt. - - - - . I () () 0 10 0
As to the characteristic distinction between Leck Seed and Onion Sced, see Onion Seed in
this page.
Lettuce, quarter - • • . () 1 0 0 1 0
LINSEED, quarter - - . () () 1 () () 1
By 3 & 4 Will. 4, c. 54, § 2, Linseed, being the produce of Europe, shall not
be imported into the United Kingdom, to be used therein, except in British
ships, or in ships of the country of which the goods are the produce, or in
ships of the country from which the goods are imported.
LucerNE, cwt. - - º - . () 5 0 () 5 O
LUPINEs, cwt. - - - - . () 5 () O 5 0
MAw, quarter - - - • . () 1 () 0 0 6
MILLET, cwt. - - - - . () 5 O 0 2 6
MUsTARD, bushel - - - . () 1 3 0 0 6
ONIox, cwt. - - e - . 1 () 0 0 10 0
By C. O., July 22, 1842, it is stated that the characteristic distinctions between Leek Seed and
Onion Seed are, that Leek Sced is smaller and more shrivelled than Onion Seed, and has no
even surface. Whereas Onion Seed is comparatively even and flat on one side, arising from
the seeds adhering together in the process of drying, and that Leek Seed is generally of a
lighter colour, and of a duller appearance than Onion Seed.
PARsley, cwt. - - - - . 0 10 0 O 5 0
Poppy, quarter . - - - . 0 1 0 0 0 6
* ADD 5 per cent. to each Duty, as mentioned p. 47.
For QUANTITIES IMPORTED, see MiscellANEous INForMATION, prefixed to
the Journal.


64 UNITED KINGDOM.–IMPORTs.—Tariff, &c. [1845.
Rates of º f
CLASS III.--SEEDs---continued. º of ºn
Countries. | Possessions.
£ s. d. É s. d.
QUINCE, cwt. - - - - . () 1() () 0 5 ()
RAPE, quarter - - - - . () () 1 0 0 1
By 3 & 4 Will., c. 54, § 2, Rape-seed, being the produce of Europe, shall not
be imported into the United Kingdom, ſo be used therein, except in British
ships, or in ships of the country of which the goods are the produce, or in
the ships of the country from which the goods are imported.
SESAMUM, quarter - - - . () () ) () () 1
SHRUB or TRE E. cwt. - - - . () 1() () () 5 0
TAREs, quarter - - - . () 5 () () 2 6
TREFoli, cwt. - - - . () 5 () () 2 6
WoRM, cwt. () 5 () () 2 6
ALL SEEDS not particularly enumerated or de-
scribed, nor otherwise charged with Duty, com-
monly used for expressing Oil therefrom, quarter 0 0 1 () () 1
ALL OTHER SEEDS not particularly enumerated
or described, nor otherwise charged with Duty,
100/. value - - - - . 1 () () () 5 () 0
CI, ASS J W.-. Woods.
AMBoyNA Wood, ton - - - . 1 () () 0 j ()
BAR. Wood, ton . - - - . () 2 0 0 2 ()
The Portuguese importel this wood into Europe sixty years ago. ... It is in England only that
it has been used. The dark red which is commonly seen on the English bandana handkerchiefs,
is generally produced by the colouring matter of the berwood, rendered darker by sulphate of
riton.
The red colour obtained from barwood is brilliant, but it is not so permanent as that from
madder. Soap turns it brownish, but the brown is perfectly fast. A great variety of shades are
produced by the use of quercitron, and other tinctorial madders, with the barwood; but in these
cases the colouring matters are applied one after the other.—Chemical Gazette, Sept., 1844.
BEEF Wood, ton . - - - . 0 5 0 0 2 6
BLAck WooD, ton - - - . 1 () () 0 5 0
Box Wood, ton . - - - . 0 1 () () 0 2 6
BRAZIL Wood, ton - - - ... O 2 0 () 2 ()
BRAZILLETo Wood, ton . - - . () 2 () () 2 ()
CAM WooD, ton . - - - , () 2 () 0 2 ()
CEDAR, ton • - - - . () 1() () () 2 6
Ebony, ton - - - • . () 1 () () () 2 6
KING Wood, ton - - - . () 10 () () 2 6
LIGNUM WITIE, ton - - - . () 5 () () 2 6
LogwooD, ton - - - - ... O 2 () 0 2 ()
MAHogANY, ton . - - - . 1 () () 0 5 0
- Imported from the Bay of Honduras,
or the Mosquito Shore . - - . () 5 () O 5 0
See WENEERs in this Class.
If any Mahogany which had been imported direct from the Bay of Honduras
in a ship cleared out from the port of Belize, into a free warehousing port
in any of the British possessions in America, and there warehoused as having
been so cleared and imported, shall be exported from the warehouse and
imported direct into the United Kingdom, such Mahogany shall be subject
* ADD 5 per cent. to each Duty, as mentioned p. 47.
For QUANTITIES IMPORTED, see MiscellANEous INForMATION, prefixed to
the Journal.


PART III. UNITED KINGDOM.–IMPORTs.—Tariff, &c. 65
Rates of Duty.*
- - Qf or from Of and from
CLASS IV.-Woods—continued. Foreign British
Countries. | Possessions.
MAHoGANY–continued. £ s. d. £ s. d.
in the United Kingdom to the same duty as it would have been subject to
if it had been imported direct from the Bay of Honduras in a British ship
cleared out from the port of Belize; provided it shall appear in the proper
clearance of the ship importing the same into the United Kingdom that such
Mahogany had been so warehoused and exported from the warehouse. 4 & 5
Will. 4, c. 89, § 12.
Mahogany deposited in warehouses of special security, when taken out for home
use, the duty shall be charged upon the quantity actually delivered. § 20.
By C. O., Nov. 17, 1842, Mahogany is allowed to be cut in bond under the care of the proper
officers, and on condition that the whole of each entry be cleared at the same time, and that
the Crown be put to no expense in consequence.
Nic ARAGUA Wood, ton - - - ... O 2 () () 2 ()
Olive Wood, ton - - - . 0 1 0 () 0 2 6
RED or GUINEA WooD, ton - - ... O 2 0 0 2 ()
Rosewood, ton - o - - . 1 () () 0 5 ()
Imported from the Bay of Honduras, or
the Mosquito Shore, ton - - ... O 5 () () 5 ()
See WENEERs in this Class.
SANTA MARIA Wood, ton - - . () 5 () 0 2 6
SAPAN Wood, ton - - - . () 2 () 0 2 ()
SATIN Wood, ton - - - . () 10 () 0 2 6
SAUNDERs Wood, Red, ton - . () 2 () 0 2 ()
Yellow, ton - - . () 5 () 0 2 6
SPECKLED WooD, ton - - - . () 5 () 0 2 6
Sweet Wood, ton - - - . () 5 0 0 2 G
TULIP Wood, ton - - - . () 10 () 0 2 6
WENEERs.
By T. L., Feb. 23, 1843, veneers of rosewoºd a 1 of other woods named in Class 4, are to be
charged at 20 per cent., as unenumerated articles in the whole or in part manufactured; and
veneers of maple are to be placed under the same rule, in consequence of the identity of cha-
racter, between that wood and the hard woods included in Class 4, although it has not been
specifically placed in that class.
WALNUT Wood, ton - 2 - . () 5 0 () 1 ()
ZEBRA Wood, ton - - . () 5 () 0 2 6
CIASS V.
TIMBER AND Woods Not otii ERWISE cII ARGED.
TIMBER or WOOD, not being Deals, Battens,
Boards, Staves, Handspikes, Oars, Lathwood, or
other Timber or Wood, sawn, split, or otherwise
dressed, except hewn, and not being Timber or
Wood otherwise charged with Duty, the load of
50 cubic feet . - - - . I 5 () 0 1 ()
By T. L., Oct. 20, 1842, foreign pitch pine timber, imported through a British possession,
previous to the 10th inst., is tº be admitted at a duty, of one shilling a load; but the indul.
gence is to be confined to pitch pine timber only.
For SIIIP BUILDING.
By T. L., June 5, 1843, my Lords having had under consideration, the subject of certain
timber imported from Cuba for . building purposes being admitted to entry at the duty
payable on teak wood, and the Lords of the Admiralty having expressed an opinion that the
timber in question is of the very first quality for ship building, and that advantage would
* App 5 per cent. to each Dufy, as mentioned p. 47.
For QuAstities 1M potted, see Misceli,ANEous INFortMAT Ios, prefired tº
*he Journal.


1.


66 UNITED KINGDOM.–IMports.—Tariff, &c. [1845.
: I.A.SS V Rates of Duty."
(: I.A. V. () for from Of and from
TIM BER AND Woods—continued. IFor...iºn British
("ountries. Possessions.
£ s. d. £ s. d.
result from the giving of increa- d tariº.”“S for its introduction into this country, authority
is given for the admission ºf this tilii", r * tº.e teak duty.
Elec riox As tº 1 \ 1 Nº. 1) ry by T a LE or by I.0 A1).
By C. O., Aug. 10, 1-42, an aºlicatiºn ha. iii.; bºrn 11:44... to the Board of (ustoms request-
ing infºrmation in regard tº the entry of cºrrain wºrni zºº dº, which after the 10th October
next may he entered fºr dity either h; illy ºr by th” lºad at the optiºn ºf the importer,
and the Bºard being of opinion that the importers ºf such wood ºils after that date should
he required to make their election on the irst entry ther…. whether for home consumption
or to he warehoused, and that in order to prevent delay and confusion in the warehousing
accounts, the parties having such goods in bond imported on or before the 10th October
next, who will also have the privilege, of paying the duties either by the tale or by the load,
be required forthwith to declare whether they intend to enter them for payment of duty by
tale or by measurement.
By 3 and 1 Will. 1. c. 51, $ 2, Timber, Boards and Masts, being the produce
of Europe, shall not be imported into the United Kingdom, to be used
therein, except in British ships, or in ships of the country of which the goods
are the produce, or in ships of the country from which the goods are
imported.
DEALs, BATTENs, Bo ARDs, or other Tiviºn or
Wood, sawn or split, and not otherwise charged
with Duty, load of 50 cubic feet - . 1 12 () 0 2 0
OR, in lieu of the duties herº et r iºn;. Sed upon Wººl by the load, according to the Cubic
Content, the Importer in.” h; “ the option.* at the time of passing the first entry, of
entering Battens, Batten Ind-, ſºards, Dea!... 1); al Ends, and Planks, by Tale, if of
or from Foreign Countries, according to the following dimensions, ri:. . —
Not above 7 Not above 1. Above 13 Inch and
|
| Inches in Width. Inch in not above 2; in
! | Thickness. Thickness.
t * s. d. 36 s. d.
Battens and Batten Ends. -
Not above 6 feet in length, 120 ... . . . . - - - - - - - | 1 10 10 | 3 1 7
Above 6and not above 9 ft. in length, 120 - - - - - - - 2 tº 2 . 4 12 5
, 9 , , 1-2 -- 120 - : 3 l ; , 6 3 2
s, 12 -- 15 -- 1:20 - - - - - - - i 3 17 0 7 14 0
, , 15 ..., 1s -- 120 . . . . . - - 4 12 5 9 4 10
,, 18 , , 21 -- 120 . . . . . . . . 5 ; 9 | 10 15 7
l
at . • * * Not above 13. Above 13 Inch and
Boards, Deals, Deal Ends and Planks ( hiº. rºll in no º 33 in
i : Thickness. Thickness.
I - t
Not above 6 feet in length, 120, ... . . . . . . . . . . . . | 2 9 5 4 18 10
Above 6and not above 0 ft. in length, 120 . . . . . . . . | 3 || || 1 | 7 8 3
, 9 , , 12 -- 120 . . . . . . . . 4 18 10 | Q 17 8
,, 12 x - 15 -- 120 . . . . . . . . | 6 3 (5 12 7 1
,, 15 , , 18 , , 120 . . . . . . . - | 7 || 3 | 14 16 6
,, 18 * x 21 -- 120 . . . . . . . . | 8 12 11 17 5 11
Above 93 Inches .
Not above 6 ſcet in length, the *} and not above 2 19 10 5 19 7
11; in Width.
Above 6and not above 0 ft. in length, 120 | 4 9 8 8 19 5
,, 9 x - 12 -- 120' . . . . . . . . 5 19 7 | 11 19 2
,, 12 xx. 15 -- 120 . . . . . . . . 7 0 6 14 19 0
... 15 -> 18 -- 120 . . . . . . . . 8 19 5 17 18 9
,, 18 xx 21 -- lan - - - - - - - - , 10 9 4 20 18 7
- - - - - - - - i
- -----
ADD 5 per cent. to each Duty, as mentioned p. 47.
For QUANTITIEs 1M ported, see MiscellANEous INForMAtion prefixed to
the Journal.


PART III.] UNITED KINGDOM.–IMports.—Tariff, &c. 67
CLASS V.
TIMBER AND Woods—continued.
How Timber or Wood to be piled.—The importer or person entering timber or
wood to be charged with duty by measurement shall, at his expense, sort, pile,
frame, or otherwise place the same in such manner as the Commissioners of
Customs may deem necessary to enable the officers to measure and take a true
and correct account thereof; and in all such cases when the same is measured
in bulk, the measurement shall be taken to the full extent of the pile, and no
allowance shall be made by the officers on account of the interstices arising out
of such process of sorting, piling, framing, or placing; Provided that all battens,
boards, deals, and planks exceeding twenty-one feet in length may be measured
by the piece, and the account thereof taken separately. 5 & 6 Wict. c. 47, § 29.
[July 9, 1842].
ADMEASUREMENT.
By C.O., Aug. 10, 1842, the cubic content of the piles of wood goods paying the duty by the
load, is to be ascertained according to the rules laid down in the timber measurer's instruc-
tions, in respect to the admeasurement of fir timber.
By C. O., October 8, 1842, ordered, that on the importation of deals, battens, fir boards and
planks, assortments of which can be made of each description, so that each assortment be of
similar dimensions, the landing officers may pile and measure one great hundred of such
deals, battens, boards, or planks of each assortment when exceeding that quantity, and
having computed the cubic contents thereof, proceed to deliver the remainder by tale;
and on the final discharge reduce the quantity of each denomination into cubic feet ob.
serving that, in taking the dimensions of all wood goods in pile, the fractional parts of an
inch be rejected.
By C. G., Feb. 23, 1843, it is stated, that as in most cases of importation of wood goods from
the British possessions in America, a specification of the cargo is in the possession of the
proprictor before the vessel commences her discharge, and that in those cases in which the
importers will furnish the landing-officers with a copy of such specification, the officers are
authorised to average the content of 120 pieces, and deliver the cargo by tally accordingly, by
which plan the business would be materially facilitated and the revenue would not be sub-
jected to risk; also, that where the quantity shall have been computed according to the
specification, the landing-surveyors for the station are authorised to certify in the tide-
waiter’s book the charge to be made for 120 pieces, stating the same in loads agreeably with
the following example, viz:
If the computation should produce 7 loads and not more than the # of a load, the quantity to
be stated as 7 loads only; but if 7 loads and more than the 3 of a load, the quantity to be
stated as 7% loads; but if 7 loads and not more than # of a load, as 7% loads only; and if 7
loads and more than 3 of a load, as 8 loads.
By C, O., May 18, 1843, a diversity of practice having prevailed at several of the out-ports in
assessing the duty on balks or fir quarters, the Board direct that the regulations of the minute
of Dec. 23, 1842, by which the officers in London are instructed to cause 60 of each assort-
ment of balks or fir quarters, under 5 inches square, to be taken for the purpose of being
iled and measured, in order to form an average for each pile comprised in the importation,
instead of 120, be extended generally to the out-ports.
By C. O., June 9, 1843, doubts having arisen at one of the out-ports as to the mode of admea-
suring certain descriptions of timber and wood goods, with reference to the above section 29
of the Act 5 & 6 Vict. cap. 47, and the existing instructions to timber measurers, the Board
has, with a view of assimilating the practice on this subject, approved of the following regu-
lations, viz.
1st. That timber and wood not exceeding 2 fect in content, be piled and measured in bulk.
2dly. That deals, battens, boards and planks of all sorts, exceeding 21 feet in length, if
measured singly, and timber or balk 5 inches square and upwards, exceeding 2 feet and not
exceeding 5 feet in content, and fir plank (commonly called Thick Stuff) under 8 inches thick,
be measured to 3 of a foot in length, 3 of an inch in breadth and thickness, and the content
computed to the tenth of a foot.
3dly. That timber and wood, 5 and under 8 inches square, and exceeding 5 feet in content,
be measured to half a foot in length, the breadth and thickness to # of an inch, at
the middle of the piece, and the content computed to half a foot, agreeably to the existing
ractice.
Bºć. O., 27th August, 1844, the Board having had under consideration an application, pray-
ing the return of duty charged on an increase discovered at this port, upon the remeasure-
ment of a quantity of deals removed under bond from another port: directions are given that
in cases of this nature where the discrepancy does not exceed 3 per cent, the duty may be
remitted thereon in like manner as is attained in the case of certain articles liable to duty by
weight, under the Board's minute of 29th Oct. 1832.
HOW CONTENTS TO BE ASCERTAINED WIHEN SPECIFICATION OR INVOICE
NOT PRODUCEI) FROM BRITISH POSSESSIONS.
By C. Q., July 26, 1844, an application from Gloucester, requesting that in cases in which the
merchants do not produce the specification for cargoes of wood goods, imported from the
British possessions in America, in order that the delivery thereof may take place by tally on
F 2


68 UNITED KINGDOM.–Imports.—Tariff, &c. [1845.
("I, ASS V.
TIM BER AND Woops—continued.
the average conti mt of 120 pieces, as allowed by the ti,11:lute aºl general order of the 23d and
27th Feirutry, 1813: they may have the option of entering the cargoes at the rate of 120
pieces to three or six loads, as the case may be. inder the tº asui y order of the 17th, and the
general order of the 18th October, 1812, instead of bein: coin},eiled to resort to actual ad-
ineasurement, according to the practice pursued at this port---it is directed that the practice
as observed in London be adopted generally, and that in cases in which the specifications or
invoices he not produced, the goods be piled, and the dimension', be ascertained by actual
measurement, unless the parties should prefer that a proportion of each entry should be
admeasured, in order that the officers may satisfy th: mselves that the actual content would
not exceed the cºmputed quantity -ánctioned by the treasury order belore referred to, in
which cases only the oilicers should be authorised to deliver the cargoes by computation.
MENSU RATION OF EQUAL-SII) EI) SQUARE TIMBER.
in measuring square or equal-sided timber, take the length to half a foot, and the side of the
square, with the callipers, at the middle of the piece. to a quarter of an inch; and compute the
content to an entire foot, according to the foliowing rule and example:–
RULE, AIRITHM ETICALLY.
Multiply the side of the square in inches, by itself in inches, and the product by the length, in
feet; then divide by 141, and the quotient will ine the content in cubic feet.
F. X.A.M. PLE.
Suppose a piece of equal-sºled timber to be 52% feet in length, and 10; inches suiuare, what would
be its content in culi, feet 2
16:25, it!, of Juare x 16’2, 251 (52.5 × 52.5 length
| 4 || 1,3-33'2.312,
ºt; cu!ºic feet
()}^ER.A"I", ( ; N i 'i II E & 1 | | }} N (; . It l'i, E.
Set 52%, the length in ſect, on the line C. to the gau: ; ; ; it; 1.2. on the line I); then against 16},
the side of the square in i-ches, oi, the sai.e. line J) will be Ҽund 95, the content in cubic feet,
on the line (".
MENSU R.A.Ti (; N () F i NEQi' A 1-S EI) SQUARE TIMBER.
in measuring unequal-sided square tinº.or take the lºng-th to hºf a foot, and the breadth and
thickness, at the middle of the piece, to a quarter of an inch, and compute the content by the
following rule and example : —
R C 1, E.
Multiply the breadth in inches by the thickness in inclies, and the product by the length in fect;
then divide by 111, and the quotient will be the content in cubic feet.
EXAMI;?LE
},et an unequal-sided piece of square timber be 52 feet in length, 17; inches in breadth, and 16
inches in thickness, required its content, in cubic feet 2
17.5 breadth x 16 -280.0 × 52 length=
14.4) l 1560-0
110 cubic feet.
* : PERATi (, NS BY THE SLIl ING RULE.
Set 17%, the breadth in incl:es, on the inverted line E, to 16, the thickness in inches, on the
line C ; then opposite to 52, the length in fect on the line A, will be found 101, on the line B,
the contcºlt in cubic feet.
MENSURATION OF IRREGULAR OR UNEQUALLY HEWN SQUARE TIMBER.
If a piece of timber should be irregular in its squarage, and be made up of different prismatic
figures, which is the case with what are usually termed “double pieces,” frequently imported
from the British colonies in America, particularly in such as have apparently been intended
for two or more pieces of different sections (but which by some neglect, had not been
separated, or when one part of a piece shall have been cut away, in order to make better
stowage, or from whatever cause such defect may have arisen), observe the following
directions, ric. : -
Divide the picce into as many separate parts as by its shape may appear to be necessary; and as
often as the original form may happen to have been altered; then proceed to take the dimen-
sions and compute the separate contents of each part to half a cubic foot, adding the partial
contents into one total sum. for the entire content of the piece.
EXAMPLE.
Let a double piece of timber be ºf the following dimensions, viz.:
21 feet in length, 15% inches in breadth and 15 inchcs in thickness at the centre of the butt
part. -


PART III.] UNITED KINGDOM.–IMPorts.—Tariff, &c. 69
Rates of Duty.*
CLASS V. of or from of and from
TIMBER AND Woods—continued. Foreign I3ritish
Countries. | Possessions,
And 25 fect in length, 14 inches in breadth and 13% inches in thickness at the middle of the top
part. - - - - -
Required the entire content, in cubic feet, by the sliding-rule,
Set 15%, the breadth in inches, on the line E, to 15, the thickness in inches, on the line (; ; then
against 21 feet, the length of the butt part, on the line A, will be found 33}, the partial con-
tent: on the line B also set 14, the breadth, on the line E, to 13}, the thickness on the line C :
and against 25 feet, the length of the top part, on the line A, will be found the other partial
content of 324 cubic feet on the line I3. - --
Then these two contents being added together give 66 cubic feet, the entire contents of the
piece.
By T. L., Oct. 17, 1842, authority is given to permit the entry of all Colonial Deals and Battens
above 6 feet in length, and not encºding 2i feet in length, under 3} inches in thickness, the
120 pieces as six loads. Deal and Batten ends, under six feet in length, under 3; inches in
thickness, the 120 as three loads, with the option of actual measurement in all cases which may
appear to be out of the general rule.
By C. O., Nov. 20, 1834, Battens may be allowed to be sawn, in bond for exportation, under the
same regulations as 19eals.
By C. O., Feb. 7, 1833, deals are permitted to be sawn in bond for ea portation, without special
application being made in each case to the commissioners, on condition that the operation be
confined to sawing them thinner only, and that their identity be preserved by leaving a suffi-
cient portion of one end uncut, the operation being performed during the legal hours of
business, and in the bonding yards.
By T. L., Jan. 4, 1822, their Lordships authorise deals, commonly called Sereu' ſoards, not ex-
ceeding 8 feet in length, brought as stowage for cargoes for helip and flax; to be destroyed or
rendered unfit for any purpose of manufacture, by reducing them to firewood, and to be
admitted to entry as such.
By C. O., Feb. 18, 1837, deals and battens in small quantities not exceeding half a hundred, and
of staves to the extent of one hundred, in excess of the masters' reports of cargoes from the
British colonies, admitted to entry as the produce thereof, without a special application to the
Board for that purpose.
By C, O., Oct. 10, 1820, Jan. 9, 1822, June 28, 1824, Sept. 17, 1830, and Aug. 18, 1825, articles
of wood, split or used as dunnage, which may be worth the rated duties due thereon, may be
measured and passed at the duty due on fire-wood, on being first reduced and rendered unfit
for any other purpose than fire-wood, at the expense of the importer or proprietor. Such articles
to be rent apart, and entirely separated into pieces not more than 18 in... long, before they arc
put into the frame for measurement; and the fathom is to be considered as 6 feet long, 6 feet
wide, and 6 feet high.
As to the repeal of Drawback on Deals and Timber used in Mines, see E::for 3, Part IV
£ s. d. :É S. d.
STAves, load of 50 cubic feet - - ... I 8 () () 2 ()
B1Rcil, hewn, not exceeding 3 feet in length, nor
exceeding 8 inches square, imported for the sole
purpose of making Herring Barrels for the Use
of the Fisheries, load of 50 feet - . () I () () l ()
FIREwood, fathom of 216 cubic feet - . () 1() () Free.
HANdspikes, not excecding 7 feet in length, 120 1 0 () () () (;
— exceeding 7 feet in length, 120 . 2 () () () 1 ()
Hoops, not exceeding 73 feet in length, 1000 , () 2 () () () .1
not exceeding 9 feet in length, 1000 . () 3 () () () 6
— exceeding 9 feet in length, 1000 () 5 () () 1 ()
KNEEs, under 5 inches square, 120 - . () 10 () () () :3
- 5 inches, and under 8 inches square, 120 2 0 0 () 1 ()
I}y C. O., I) ec. 27, 1830, the duty is to be charged on the fraction of half a foot in the total con
tent, on oak knees containing less tha: o cubic feet acº, and thrown off on knees containing 5
cuisic feet and upwards.
L'Athwood, fathom of 216 cubic feet - 2 () () () l ()
By T. L., March 7, 1813, split laths to be charged with the same duty as deals, p. 66.
OARs, 120 - - - - , 7 10 () () 3 9
- - ----- - -------
* App 5 per cent. to each Duty, as mat utioned p. 47.
For QUANTiri Es IM Poitri:1), see Misceli.A.NEous IN ForMATION, prºfired to
the Journal.


70 UNITED KINGDQM.–IM ports-Tariff, &c. [1845.
t - - - - 7 Rates of Duty.* -
CLASS V. of or from of and from
TIM BER AND Woods—continued. Foreign British
Countries. | Possessions.
£ s. d. #. s. d.
SpARs or Poles, under 22 feet in length, and
under 4 inches in diameter, 120 - . 1 () () 0 0 6
- —— 22 feet in length and upwards,
and under 4 inches in diameter, 120 - . 2 () () 0 1 0
——— Of all lengths, 4 inches, and under
6 inches in diameter, 120 - - . .4 () () 0 2 O.
By C. O., Nov. 12, 1829, the mode of admeasuring lancewood spars for the duty, is to be by
taking the diameter of all such spars under 22 feet in length, at 11 feet from the butt, by
which means the merchant will not be compelled to import the useless tops of the spars, solely
for the purpose of insuring the payment of the low duty.
Spokes for Wii EELs, not exceeding 2 feet in
length, 1000 . - - - . 2 () () () J (;
- exceeding 2 feet in length, 1000 1 0 0 () 2 O
TEAKE, load of 50 cubic feet - - . () 1 () () (). 1 0.
UFERs.
By C. O., Dec. 3, 1812, the mode of ascertaining the admeasurement of Ufers, imported 5 inches
square and upwards, is to be by taking the thickness of the Ufers in the centre, and charging
the contents to half a foot.
WASTEwood, viz., Billetwood or Brushwood, used
for the purpose of Stowage, 100/. val. . . 5 () () O 5 0.
WOOD PLANED, or otii ERwis I, DREssºp or pit E-
PARED For Use, and not particularly enumerated,
nor otherwise charged with Duty, 7 d. per foot of
Cubic Contents, and further 100l. value . 1 () 0 (? 5 () 0
By 5 & 6 Wict. c. 56, § 1 [July 30, 1842, the duty of 74d. per foot, and of 10l. the 1001, value,
is to commence from Oct. 10, 1843.
* Apo 5 per cent. to each Duty, as mentioned p. 47.
For QUARTITIES IMportED, see MIIscFL.I.A.NEous INFoEMATION, prefixed to
the Journal.


PART III.] UNITED KINGDOM.–IMPorts.—Tariff, &c. 71
r Rates of Duty.*
CLASS V. Of or from Of and from
TIMBER AND Woods—continued. Foreign British
Countries. Possessions,
REAI)Y RECKONING.
For EIGN DEALs,
BATTENs, BoARDs,
&c., 25s, the Load
at 32s. the Load
(showing the IDuty on
every Foot).
NI)s
over 6 and under 21 ExDs
(showing at one view under 6 feet long, and
the Duty per foot). feet long. 3} inches thick.
TIMBER, CoLoRIAL IDEALs Co LoNIAL IDEAL
j
|
8. ft. s. d. No. lds. ft. : No. lds. ft.
l 0 - 120 are 6 0 120 are 3 ()
- - - - 90 .. 4 25 90 . . 13
60 ... 3 0 60 25
30 25 30 38
20 23 29 36
28 20 28 35
27 18 27 . . 34
26 15 26 . . 33
25 13 25 . . 31
21 I () 24 30
2:8 8 23 29
22 5 22 28
21 3. 2] 26
20 () 20 25
10 48 19 24
18 45 - 18 23
17 43 - 17 21
16 16 20
15 15 19
14 1.4 18
13 13 16
12 12 15
1 1 11
I () 10
9
1
0.
5
6
I
9
6 5
0
8
4
0
:
.
.
1
:
i
-
!
l
2
l
0
;
+ Of course the duty on 40 feet may be known by doubling that on 20, and any other number
by adding from above.
CIASS VI.
OREs, MINERALs, METALs, AND MANUEACTURES THEREor.
#3 s. d. .0 s. d.
ANTIMONY, ORE of ton - - . 0 1 () 0 1 0
- — CRUDI, cwt. • • ... O 2 () 0 0 6
REGULUs, cwt. - - ... O 4 0 () I ()
ARs1:xic, cwt. - - - - . () 1 () 0 0 6
BRASS, MAN (; FACTUREs of 100l. val. . . 15 () () 15 O ()
— Powder of lb. - - - . 0 0 6 () 0 6
By c. o., dated October 6, 1812. upon an application of the secretary to the West African
company, requesting that a quantity of old worn-ºut Brass and other metal, stripped from
the engine of the British steam-vessel Quorra, at Fernando Po, belonging to that company,
* App 5 per cent. to each Duty, as mentionſ d p. 47.
For Qu'Astities IM ported, see Miscell...ANEous INForMATION, prºft.ced to
the Journal.


72 UNITED KINGDOM.–IM ports.-Tariff, &c. [1845.
- --- --- Rates of Duty.*
CLASS WI. of or from of and from
OREs, MINERALs, METALs, &c.—continued. Foreign British
Countries. Possessions.
BRASS—continued. £ s. d. 42 s. d.
and imported thence in the ship Golden Spring, may be allowed to be entered duty free;
and the Board having adverted to their minutes of the 15th February, 1833, and 24th May.
1837, permitting old Copper sheathing, old Cººper, utºn-ils, and old Copper and Pewter
U’ tensils, of British manufacture, returned to this kingdom, and also old Copper stripped
h off vessels in ports in the United Kinº.4 m, to be adº;itted to entry duty free, under certain
regulations: the principle of the said minutes are to be extended to the present and all
similar cases.
BRIMSTONE, cwt. - - - . () () 6 0 0 3
— REFINEp, in Rolls, cwt. - , () 2 0 0 1 0
IN FLot: R, cwt. . - , () 2 0 0 1 0
By 3 & 4 Will. 4, c. 54, § 2, Brimstone, being the produce of Europe, shall
not be imported into the United Kingdom, to b” “sed therein, except in
British ships, or in ships of the country of which the goods are the produce,
or in ships of the country from which the goods are imported.
By C. O., Sept. 9, 1834, a case having recently occurred at one of the out-ports, in which a
quantity of primstone in cakes was entered as rough brimstone, whereas the same proved to
liave gone through scine prºcess of 1:1.viiifacture or reliming, and to be similar in quality to
thc article imported in rolls, alth ºugh not cast into that shape, it is directed that all similar
importations be charged with the hiºh duty.
By letter of the Board of Trade Dec. 28, 1848, the distinction between rough and refined
brimstone is stated to be little called for by any difference of qualities in the two articles, as
• the impurities in rough brimstone dº nºt in gºveral amount tº more than seven or eight per
cent. ; and that in many cases the article cºmes neariv as pure ‘rom the first smelting of the
ore as from the second process. Ji 'i'. ... Jan. 18, 1-3), suº, i-rimstºne as is neither in
rolis nor in flour is to be admitted to ditty tº not re ºf d
IBRONZE MANUFACTU. RES, ris. .
ALL Works or ART of, cwt. - . 1 () () I () ()
— OTHER MANUFActiºn Es or, 100l. val. , 15 () () 15 0 0
Powder or, 100l. val. - - . I 5 () () 15 () ()
OTHER Manufactures of 100l. val. - 15 0 0 15 0 ().
All the deceptions hitherto practised on the pºlic in connexion with the fine arts are far sur-
passed by a new discovery of forming figures, groºs, &c., in zinc, which, being bronzed, have
all the appearance of real Łronzes, while the mal!“...i.ility of the laterial r \,{ers their formation
so easy, that a figure may be thus produced at a cost of 53*., whº is would est:::) guineas if cast
in brass. Several collecters both in the metropoiºs and ia (-; row, Jºublin, Liverpool, and
Manchester, and indeed, in most of the provincial towns, have ºce” deceived jºy these counterfeits,
which have such a genuinc appearance that they can Gimiy be ciscovered by their lightness, and
the ease by which they may be lient.-Cor.
BULLION AND FOREIGN COIN of GoLD on
Silver, and ORE of Gold of SILVER, or of
which the major part in value is Gold and Silver Frec. Free,
False money, or counterfeit sterling and silver of the realm, or any money
purporting to be such, not being of the established standard weight and
fineness, prohibited to be imported on pain of forfeiture. 3 & 4 Will. 4,
c. 52, § 58.
INCREASE OF GOLD.
The gold obtained from the Oural Mountains within the last year amounts to above four
millions sterling. Supposing such a supply to be continued and spread gradually over Europe,
must it not produce a wonderful effect upon the gold standard of value, and the relative values of
the precious metals? As great as the glut of silver after the discovery of South America.-Lit.
Gaz., Aug. 10, 1844.
At the fourteenth Meeting of the British Association for the advancement of science, at York,
Oct. 2, 1844, a paper was read “On the discovery of gold ores in Merionethshire,” by A. DEAN,
C.E.-The author states that the Cwmheisian mines, near Dolgelly, which have yielded as much
as seven ounces of fine gold per ton of ore, form part of a regular system of auriferous veins which
occur throughout the whole of Snowdonia, in a group of strata, remarkable for the repeated alter-
nations of igneous and sedimentary deposits, which are occasionally traversed by dykes or elvans
and mineral veins. The gold veins are very numerous, occurring singly, or in considerable num-
--------- - - - - - -----
* ADD 5 per cent. to each Duty, as mentioned p. 47.
For QUANTITIES IMPORTED, see MiscFLLANEous INForMAT1ox, prefired to
#he Journal.


PART III.] UNITED KINGDOM.–IMports.-Tariff, &c. 73
Rates of Duty.*
CLASS WI. of or from of and from
OREs, MINERALs, METALs, &c.—continued. Foreign British
Countries, Possessions,
BULLION.— continued. #6 s. d. £ s. d.
bers, within a few feet of each other; if a lead ore is productive at its intersection with the gold
veins, as at the E. Cwmheisian mines, it sometimes produces two to twenty ounces of gold perton
of washed ore; some ores yield twelve or fourteen ounces of gold per ton as broken. At the
Berthllwyd and other mines, the produce of the auriferous veins was found to be fifty-nine ounces
five dwts, per ton of ore, and of silver sixteen ounces fifteen dwt.s. per ton The average produce
of the ºore in Siberia, the Ural Mountains, and South America, seldom amounts to one ounce
of fine gold per ton of ore, and even four dwt.s. is considered a workable quantity. The author
considers that numerous gold veins exist in Merionethshire, and that a considerable amount of
gold will be obtained when the character of the ore is better understood.-Athenaeum, Oct. 26,
1844.
BUTToNs, 100l. val. - - - . 15 0 0 15 0 0
CoALs, CULM and CINDERs, ton . - . 0 1 0 0 0 6
CoBALT ORE, 100l. val. . - 1 () () 1 0 ()
See also “CobALT,” Class VIII.
From cobalt a beautiful blue colour is extracted, used for the manufacture of porcelain, dyeing,
glass, &c. The colour of the ore varies; sometimes it is white, steel-grey, straw-yellow, flesh-
red, crimson; and at others, brown and black. It is occasionally met with in Cornwall, but the
largest supplies come from Saxony, and partially from Bohemia. It is also used for sympathetic
ink, and occurs in a native state, as well as in oxides, combined with sulphur, arsenic, and some.
times with nickel.—London Polytech?vie J1ag. March, 1844,
COPPER, ORE of, viz.:
—— Containing not more than 15 parts of Cop-
per, per ton of metal .
- - . 3 () () 1 () (;
Containing not more than 20 parts of Cop-
per, per ton of metal . - - . 4 10 () 1 () ()
—— Containing more than 20 parts of Copper,
per ton of metal • - - . 6 () () 3 () ()
- OLD, fit only to be re-manufactured, cwt. 0 7 6 () 3 (;
UNwrought, viz., in Bricks or Pigs, Rose
Copper, and all Cast Copper, cwt. - . 0 8 9 () 4 (;
— In part wrought, viz., Bars, Rods, or Ingots,
hammered or raised, cwt. - - . () 1ſ) () () 5
—— In PLATEs and CoPPER Coin, cwt. . 0 10 () 0 5 ()
— MANUFACTUREs of Copper, not otherwise
enumerated or described, and Copper Plates en-
graved, 100l. val. - - - . 15 0 0 15 () (J
t By 5 & 6 vict. c. 56, § 2 [July 30, 1842]... these duties shall be chargeable as if the words
following (namely, “in the hundred parts of ore,”) were inserted immediately after the words
“parts of copper,” in each of the several phrases hereinbefore set forth,
Former Provision as to Smelting.—From and after the passing of this Act
no copper ore shall be delivered from the warehouse for the purpose of
being smelted : Provided that any copper ore which shall be imported in
a foreign ship of any country of which it is not the produce, on or before
March 1, 1843, may be permitted to be entered and delivered for home
consumption upon payment of the duty due by law upon copper ore.—
5 & 6 Wict. c. 47, § 9. [July 30, 1812].
By T. O., Aug. 13, 1812, the intention of parliament is, that all copper ore which has been
removed from the warehouse at any date prior to the passing of the Act, 5 & 6 Vict. c. 47
[July 9, 1842], under bond shall be allowed to be smelted for consumption without payment
of duty; and that whenever bond has been given prior to the passing of the same Act in
respect of any copper ores to export the metal contained in them, such ores should be con-
sidered as having been delivered from the warehouse, and should be permitted to be smelted
accordingly, but that no more bonds can legall aken from the passing of that Act, and
that regulus of .. should be admitted as copper ore, and should pay duty according to
the metal contained in it.
* A on 5 per cenſ. fo each Dufy, as mentioned p. 47.
For QuANTitles IM port ED, see Misceli,ANEous IN Foºl.Ation, prºftwed tº
the Journal.


74 UNITED KINGDOM.–IM ports.—Tariff, &c. [1845.
'LASS V Itates of Duty.*
CLASS VI. of or from of and from
OREs, MINERALs, METALs, &c.—continued. Foreign British
Countries. Possessions.
COPPER—continued. £ s. d. 36 s. d.
By C. O., Feb, 15, 1833, old copper sheathing, and old copper utensils, and old copper and
pewter utensils of British manufacture, returned to this º, from the British plantations,
and also old copper stripped off vessels in ports of the United Kingdom, to be admitted to
entry duty free, under the following regulations:---
1st. Old copper sheathing stripped off British vessels in ports in the British possessions, upon
proof to the satisfaction of the Board that such sheathing is the property of the owner of the
ship from which it was so stripped. to be delivered to such owner.
2ndly. Old copper sheathing stripped off any ship, in any port of the United Kingdom, upon
the fact being certified by the landing-waiter Superintending the process, the old copper to
be delivered only to the toppersmith who muay re-coiºper the vessel from which the copper
was stripped, he making proof to that fact.
3rdly. ºl worn-out British copper arºl copper and pewter utensils to be in all cases delivered,
when brought from British possessions abroad in British ships, upon the consignee sub-
unitting proof that they had be n used on a particular estate, and are consigned to him on
account of the owners of that estate, and that he the consºrnor verily believes them to have
been ºf English manufacture -
By T. O., June 25, -3°, directions are given that for ign copper he delivered from the ware-
house for the purpose of the silver being extracted iherefron, upon bond being given to
return into warehouse the like quantity of copper, wit: ºut any allowance for waste, thc
copper so returned being treated as Foreign, as fully as if it wer copper which had remained
in the warehouse, from the timue of the landing of the sai.e. out of the insporting vessel until
the time of its exportation.
By C. O., Sept. 9, 1834, copper ore, requiring the process of smelting, is allowed to be entered
without reference to its having undergone the prºcess ºf calcining or roasting, for the purpose
of being smelted for exportation.
By T. L., May 23, 1837, Copper Sheathing of British manufacture, imported from Fernando
Po, may be admitted to entry, free of duty, under the same regulations as those which apply
to British possessions.
By C. O., Sept. 21, 1839, in reference to the T. O. of June 25, 1838, authorising the delivery
of foreign copper out of warehouse for the purpose of silver being extracted therefrom, in
future copper is to be allowed to be warehoused at any warehousing port for exportation,
and upon the exportation thereof, a certificate to that effect is to be transmitted to the
Collector and Controller at the port where the boud may have been taken, for the purpose
of its bcing cancelled.
Copper or IBRAss WIRE, 100l. val. - . 12 10 () i 2 10 O
COPPERAS, BLUE, ton - - 1 () () () 10 0
—— GREEN, ton - - - . 1 () () () 10 0
——— WHITE, ton - • - . 1 () () 0 1 0 0
CRYSTAL, Rough, 1601. val. - - . 5 0 0 2 10 0
——— Cut or Manufactured, except Beads, 100l.
val. - - - - - . 15 0 0 15 0 ()
——— Beads, 1000 - - - . () 5 0 O 5 0
Gold, Leaves of 100 - - - , 0 3 0 O 3 ()
IRON, Ore of, ton - - - ... O 2 0 0 0 6
INSTITUTION OF CIVIL ENGINEERs, MAv 7, 1844.
The second part of Mr. Fairbairn's paper, which remained unfinished from the last meeting,
was read. It noticed the remarkable richness and purity of the iron ores of the East, and the
superior quality of the Damascus steel, produced from iron made apparently in the rudest and
most primitive manner: it was remarkable that, up to the present time, there had been but
little change in the manner of manufacturing charcoal iron, even in England; this might be
accounted for by the small quantity of wood charcoal used for smelting iron: but it appeared
that, with the exception of that which was ser: ºnto Staffordshire and South Wales for mingling
with the lean ores of the coal measures, but ::tie of the haematite, or rich ores of Lancashire,
Cumberland, Cornwall, or Devonshire, was used, although in richness and quality of metal they
equalled those of foreign countries. The paper then entered at length upon the experiments on
the transverse strength of the Turkish iron, and also of the iron from other rich ores, presenting
the results in tabular form, mingled with those which had been reported on previous occasions,
in the transactions of the Philosophical Society of Manchester, and in the reports of the British
Association. These tables were arranged so as to afford the means of comparison of the strength
and other qualities of various irons, and also for practical purposes, tofurnish a guide for selecting
such irons as, by proper mixtures of the different kinds should enable unerring results to be
arrived at by the founder when engaged in producing castings for the engineer, the architect, or
for various purposes in the arts, or in construction. Simple rules were also given for finding the
* App 5 per cent. to each Duty, as mentioned p. 47.
For QUANTITIES IMPORTED, see MISCELLANEous INForMATION, prefixed to
the Journal.


PART III.] UNITED KINGDOM.–IMPoRTs.—Tariff, &c. 75
r Rates of Duty.*
CLASS WI. of or from of and from
OREs, MINERALs, METALs, &c.—continued. Foreign British
Countries. | Possessions.
IRON-continued. £ s. d. £ s. d.
breaking weight of beams cast from the 52 kinds of iron which have been experimented upon.
The importance of the subject of the paper, the novelty of the application of Mir. Clay's system,
and the unwearied attention of Mr. Fairbairn, together with Mr. Hodgkinson, in the numerous
experiments they had made, were fully appreciated by the meeting, and it was announced that
the yaluable tables would speedily be published entire in the minutes of the proceedings of the
institution. A specimen of steel made from Turkish ore, and a knife manufactured from it by
Mr. Durham, of Regent Street, were exhibited, and were much admired.
In the primitive ages as well as in modern times, the uses of iron were numerous—Og's bed-
stead was a bedstead of iron—Deut. III, 2.-Ed.
——— Pig, ton . • - w . () 5 () 0 1 0.
—— BARs, unwrought, ton • - ... I () () 0 2 6
—— OLD BRoKEN and Old Cast, ton . . 0 5 () 0 1 0
—— And STEEL, wrought, not otherwise enume-
rated, 100l. val. - • • . 15 0 () 15 () (?
—— Scrap STEEL, ton [7 Vict. c. 16.] . () 5 () 0. 5 ().
— Bloox1, ton - - - , () 7 6 0 2 6
——— CHRom ATE of, ton - • . () 5 0 0 2 6
SLIT, or hammered into Rods, ton . 1 1 0 0 0 15 0.
CAST, ton - - - . 1 1 () () 0 15 ().
—-— Hoops, ton e - • ... I 10 0 0 15 ()
Cutlery.—Whereas articles of cutlery and hardware of foreign manufacture,
and packages of such articles, have been imported into the United Kingdom,
and into the British possessions abroad, bearing the names or marks of Bri-
tish manufacturers resident in the United Kingdom, to the great prejudice of
such manufacturers; and whereas it is expedient that regulations should be
made for the prevention of such importations; it is therefore enacted, that
from January 5, 1838, any articles of cutlery or hardware of foreign manu-
facture, and any packages of such articles, imported into the United Kingdom,
or into the British possessions abroad, bearing the marks of such British ma-
nufacturers, shall be forfeited. 1 & 2 Vict. c. 113, § 6. [August 16, 1838].
Swords.-Dress-swords to be warehoused for exportation. T. L., April 4, 1839.
LApis CALAMINARIs, ton - - . () 1 () 0 1 0
LATTEN, cwt. . - - - . () 1 () 0 () 6.
——— SHAVEN, cwt. - - - . () I () () () 6
—— WIRE, 100l. val. . - - . 12 1 () () 12 1 () ()
LEAD, ORE of, ton • - - . () 10 () 0 2 ()
——— BLACK, ton • - - . 1 () () 0 5 ()
—- PIG AND SHEET, ton - - I () () O 5 ()
——— RED, ton . - - - . 1 10 () 0 15 ()
——— WHITE, ton - • - . 2 5 0 1 2 6
The great amount of mortality among painters and manufacturers of paint, arising from the
deleterious effluvia of white lead, is well known, and has frequently directed the attention of
chemists to the discovery of an innocuous substitute. , Hitherto the attempt has it seems been
fruitless—no other substance has taken the place of the common pigment. It would appear,
however, from the report of the Paris Academy of Sciences, that M. de Ruolz has at length suc-
ceeded in producing a preparation possessing all the economical lº. of white lead, without
partaking of its offensive character. This substance is the oxide of antimony, which is distin-
guished by the following qualities:—Its colour is very pure white, rivalling the finest silver
white; it is easily ground, and forms with oil an unctuous and cohesive mixture; compared with
the white lead of Holland, its property of concealing is as 46 to 22; and mixed with other paints,
it gives a much clearer and softer tone than white lead. It may be obtained, according to M. de
Ruolz, from the natural sulphuret of antimony, and at a third of the cost of ordinary white
paint.—Ed.
CHRoxi ATE of, ton - - . 5 () () 2 10 0
* App 5 per cent. fo each Duty, as mentioned p. 47.
For QuAstities Imported, see Miseli.ANEous INForMAtios, prefred to
the Journal.


7(; UNITED KINGI)OM.–Ivivonts.—Tariff, &c. [1845.
- -- - - - Rates of Duty.”
w - - ,-
('LASS V 1. of or from of and from
OREs, Mrs Ep. vis, \! tº 1.-, &c.—continº il. Foreign British
("..ºuntries. Possessions.
LEAI)—continued. £ s. d. .8 s. d.
– Li; ad, Manufactures of, not etherwise enu
merated, 10:1. val.
By C. O., J. -
equal to
first instance, -
() () iſ) 0 ()
re that a quantity of lead,
".uced in warehouse in the
ly secured by bond;
withºut allowance for waste,
of the customs cannot be
l tº |tiently no waste
- l always be
ments of the
may li:ye occu
held tº be for , ; ,
(‘us tº in Hous '... ', " . - •uistinel in the
w art - * 1 t. : * : vt -el until the
tiºne ( ~ : - t
Bv (*. ()., Mi-re": . . . . . ; *** ºr " ' "...ºr to be taken
out of war h u , ... . . . . . . .”.” “... ex: '4” ; , , , , .tled tº lead.
LiT II AR (; f., ton J (; () () 1 () ()
MAN (; ANI.si: (); l., ton - . (: 1 () (). 1 ()
MEDALs of Gold and Silver - !’ree. Free.
— Of any other sort, lºſ. viil. j () () 5 () ()
MERevity, prepared, lºul. val. - . 1 :) () () I () () ()
METALS, viz.:
——— B1.1.1, MI;1 A1., ton -
——— LLAr (except Gold), per packet of Côt)
2
2
leaves - - - - . () () I () () 1
MIN ERA. I.S and FOSSI I.S not enuncrated, 100/.
val. () () 1 () (?
–– SPEc.1Mpx's of Minerals. Fossils, or Ores, not
enumerated, and not exceedii:g 1 lb. cach spe-
cimen - - . Free. Free.
—— Ditto, exceeding Ilb. 1" (. …il. - . . , t) () 1 () (?
-— Illustrative of Ni | } {i-tºry Free. Free,
w
is XIX.
Nickel, Ore of 1:):}l. val. - . I () () I () (l
——-. Metallic, and Oxide of, refined. 100', wal. 1) () () 10 () ()
y
t
See “Specimens,” Cl
ORE, not particularly charged with 1)uty, I tººl. val. t; () () 1() ()
ORs edi:w, cwt. - |t) {} () 10 ()
PEwtºn Mann factures, 100l. value () () 15 () ()
15
rºw - 1: , () () 1 () () ()
PLATE of Gold, 1007. val. - - ſ ºor Together
—— Silviº R, Gilt and Ungilt, 10::/, val. . - with the with the
- “camp Duty. J Stamp Duty.
— — BATTERED - - - . Free. Free.
--— WIRE, Gilt or Plated, 109/. val. - . 12 1() () 12 10 ()
————— Silver, 130l. val. - - . 12 1() () 12 10 ()
STAMP DUTY, PAYABLE at Gol, psyſ ITIt's HALL.
[55 Geo. 3, c. 185.]
Plate of gold made or wrought in Great Britain, and which shall or ought to be
touched, assayed and marked in Great Britain, for every ounce thereof, and so
in proportion for any greater or less quantity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 17 0
ExEMPTIoNs.—Gold Watch Cases,
Plate of silver made or wrought in Great Britain, and which shall or ought to be
touched, assayed, or marked in Great Britain, for every ounce thereof, and so
in proportion for any greater or less quantity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 1 6
* App 5 per cent. to each Duty, as mentioned p. 47, except on Plale.
For QUANTITLEs IM poſt rep, see Muscº LLAN Eous 1sºok MA rios, preſived to
Whe Journal.


PART III.] UNITED KINGDOM.–IMpoRTs.—Tariff, &c. 77
CLASS VI.
OREs, MINERALS, METALs, &c.—continued.
PLATE–continued.
By C. O., May 18, 1844, it is stated, that a doubt having arisen whether gold and silver plate,
upon which the duty of 10l., per cent, with the stamp duty are imposed, should not be also
charged with a further duty of 5 per cent. upon the total amount of the ad valoren and
stamp duties, it is ordered that the stamp duty on plate is not to be charged with the addi-
tional duty of 5 per cent.
ExEVIPTIONS.
All watch cases, chains, necklace beads, lockets, filligrec work, shirt buckles, or brooches.
stamped medals, and spouts to china, stone, or earthenware teapots, of silver of any weight
whatsoever.
Tippings, swages, or mounts, not weighing ten pennyweights of silver each, and not being necks
or collars, for castors, cruets, or glasses appertaining to any sort of stands or frames, wares of
silver not weighing five pennyweights of silver each ; but this exemption not to include necks,
collars, and tops for castors, cruets or glasses, appertaining to any sort of stands or frames;
buttons to be affixed to or set on any wearing apparel, solid silver buttons, and solid studs, not
having a bevelled edge soldered on, wrought seals, blank seals, bottle tickets, shoe clasps,
patch boxes, salt spoons, salt ladles, tea spoons, tea strainers, caddie Jadles, buckles, and pieces
of garnish, cabinets, or knife cases, or tea chests, or bridles, or stands, or frames.
Gold and Silver to be of Standard.—All gold and silver plate, not being battered,
which shall be imported from foreign parts after the commencement of this Act,
and sold, exchanged, or exposed to sale in the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, shall be of the respective standards now required for any ware,
vessel, plate, or manufacture of gold or silver wrought or made in England;
and no gold or silver plate so to be imported, not being battered, shall be sold,
exchanged, or exposed to sale within the United Kingdom, until the same shall
have been assayed, stamped, and marked, either in England, Scotland, or Ireland,
in the same manner as any ware, vessel, plate, or manufacture of gold or silver
wrought or made in England, Scotland, or Ireland respectively, is or are now
by law required to be assayed, stamped, and marked; and every goldsmith,
silversmith, or other person whatsoever, who shall sell or expose to sale in
England, Scotland, or Ireland, any gold or silver plate so to be imported, and
not being battered, before the same shall have been so assayed, stamped, and
marked, shall be subject to the like penalties and forfeitures in all respects, and
to be recoverable in the same manner, as the penalties and forfeitures now by
law imposed upon goldsmiths and silversmiths selling, exchanging, or exposing
to sale in England, Scotland, or Ireland respectively, any ware, or manufacture
of gold or silver plate made or wrought in England, Scotland, or Ireland
respectively, and not assayed, stamped, and marked as required by law : Pro-
vided that no article or ware of gold or silver so to be imported shall be liable
to be assayed, stamped, or marked as aforesaid, which would not be liable to be
assayed, stamped, or marked, if it had been wrought or made in England.
5 & 6 Wict. c. 47, § 59. [July 9, 1842].
How Gold and Silver Plate may be Assayed.—in order that gold and silver plate
so imported may be assayed, stamped, and marked, it shall be lawful for any
person to send the same to any assay office in the United Kingdom at which
gold and silver plate is now by law required to be assayed, and, when so sent
to it, shall be assayed, tested, stamped, and marked in such and the same
manner, and be subject to such and the same charges, other than stamp duty,
as if the same were British plate by law assayable in such office; and the
wardens and officers in each such assay offices, and the persons employed by
them, shall have such and the same powers of assaying, touching, testing,
marking, cutting, breaking, or defacing such gold and silver plate so sent to be
assayed as are now by law exercisable by such wardens, officers, or other persons
in respect of gold and plate now by law required to be assayed in such assay
offices. § 60.
Ornamental Plate.—It shall be lawful to sell, exchange, or expose to sale any
gold or silver plate which since the passing of the ſoregoing Act shall have been
or henceforth shall be imported from foreign parts, such gold or silver plate
being of foreign manufacture, and of an ornamental kind, and having been made
or wrought previous to the year 1800, notwithstanding such gold or silver plate
shall not be of such standard as aforesaid, and shall not be assayed, stamped,


78 UNITED KINGDOM.–IMpoRTs.—Tariff, &c. [1845.
*T. A Q r Rates of Duty.*
CLASS VI. of or from of and from
OREs, MiNERALs, METALs, &c.—continued. Foreign British
Countries. | Possessions.
PI, ATE– continued. f s. d. £ s. d.
or marked as by the said Act is required: Provided, that in any action, suit, or
other proceeding against any party for any forfeiture or penalty for selling,
exchanging, or exposing to sale any gold or silver plate imported from foreign
parts, before the same shall have been assayed, stamped, or marked as in the
said Act is mentioned, the proof that the same was manufactured previous to
the year 1800, or that the same was imported previous to the passing of the
said Act, shall lie on such party. 5 & 6 Vict. c. 56, § 6. [30th July, 1842].
Plate with forged Marks.-The importer of plate with forged marks subject to
a penalty of 10/-(See this more fully in Part IV. ExpoRTs—PLATE.) [7 and
8 Vict. c. 22, 4th July, 18 1.]
PLATINA, and Ore of, 100l val. - . () 1 () () () 10 0
Quicksilvik, lb. - - - . () () 1 0 0 1
A specimen has been shown in the city of the convenient and economical manner in which
quicksilver is imported from China. It is poured into a piece of bamboo, about a foot long, and
three inches thick, and each end is closed with rosin. This rude form of package is found
quite as serviceable as the iron bottle in which the metal is usually brought.—Athenaeum, April
20, 1844.
SPELTER or ZINC, viz.:-
Crude in Cakes, and not rolled or otherwise
manufactured, ton - - - . () 1 () 0 1 0
— Rolled, but not otherwise manufactured, ton 2 1 () () 2 10 0
Manufactures of 100l. val. - . 1 () () 0 10 0 0
Printing Types.—By C. O., Sept., 11, 1827, returned types from the British Possessions are
permitted to be landed and delivered under the charge of the landing-officers, on application
being made in writing to the principal officers at the respective stations, stating the name of
the importing vessel, and the mark and number of the packages, and upon the consignee, or
type-founder, making proof that the old types are of British manufacture, and that their
return is accompanied with orders for a fresh quantity of new types.
STEEL, Manufactures of 100l. val. - . 15 0 0 15 0 0
— Unwrought, 100/. val. - - . 15 () () -
- Of and from British Possessions,
ton - - - - - - - 0 1 0
— Scrap STEEL–See “IRoN," p 75.
TALc, cwt. - - - - . () 1() 0 0 2 6
TIN, ORE and REGULUs of, ton . - . 2 1() () 0 10 0
— In Blocks, INGots, BARs, or SLABs, cwt. . 0 6 0 0 3 0
—- MANUFACTUREs of, not otherwise enumerated,
100l. val. - - - - . 15 0 0 15 0 0
ForL, lb. - - - • . () () 6 0 0 6
By T. O., March 11, 1844, a certificate of production is to be required for all tin imported into
the United Kingdom from the British Possessions in India, from and after the 1st day of
January, 1845.
CLASS VII.
Oils, Extracts, Pr:RFuMERY, &c.
Aqu AForTIs, cwt. - - - . () 5 () 0 5 0
CITR1c Acid, lb. . - - • . 0 0 2 0 0 2
ESSENCES not otherwise described, viz.:-
ExTRAct of CARDAMoss, 100l. val. - . 20 O O 20 O 0
— Coculus Indicus, 100l. Val. . . 20 0 0 20 0 0
* ADD 5 per cent. to each Duty, as mentioned p. 47.
For QUANTITIES IMPORTED, see Misceli,ANEous INForMATION, prefixed to
the Journal.


PART III.] UNITED KINGDOM.–Imports.—Tariff, &c. 79
• k
CLASS VII. ofº" ºn
OLLs, Extracts, PERFUMERY, &c.—continued. cº. rº.
OIL, &c.—continued. £ s. d. £ s, d.
—— Guinea Grains of Paradise, 100l. val. 20 0 0 20 0 ()
—— Licorice, 1001. val. - . 20 0 0 20 0 0
——— Nux Womica, 100l. val. . . 20 () () 20 () 0
—— Opium, 100l. val. o . 20 0 0 20 () ()
—— Guinea Pepper, 1001. val. . . 20 0 0 20 0 ()
—— Peruvian or Jesuits' Bark, 100l. val. 20 0 0 20 0 ()
——— Quassia, 100l. val. • . 20 () () 20 () ()
— — —-- Radix Rhatiniae, 100l. val. . 20 () () 20 O ()
-- — Vitriol, 100l. val. - 20 () () 20 () ()
EXTRACT or PREPAIRATION of any Article
not being particularly enumerated or described
nor otherwise charged with Duty, 100l. val. . 20 0 O 20 0 ()
—— OR, and in lieu of the above duty at the
option of the Importer, lb. e • e
NUTS or KERNELS thereof, not particularly emu-
merated or charged with Duty, and commonly
used for expressing Oil therefrom, ton
—— KERNELs of WALNUTs and KERNELs of PEACH
Stones, commonly used for expressing oil there-
from, ton [7 Vict. c. 16.] e e . 0 1 () 0 1 0.
OIL of ALMoxds, lb. - - - . 0 () 2 () () 2
BAYs, lb. e • - • . () () 2 0 0 2
ANIMAL, raw, not otherwise enumerated, cwt. 0 1 3 0 1 3
CAstor, cwt. - • - . 0 1 3 0 1 3
CHEMICAL, Essent IAL, or PERFUMED, viz.: —
Carraway, lb. . • e . () 2 () () 2 ()
—— Cloves, lb. • - - . 0 i () () 4 ().
Lavender, lb. . - • ... O 2 () 0 2 ()
— Mint, lb. • - - ... O 2 () 0 2 0
—— Peppermint, lb. - - ... O 2 () 0 2 ()
—— Spike, lb. • - • ... O 2 () 0 2 ()
—— Cassia, lb. - • • . 0 1 0 0 1 0
Bergamot. lb. . o - . 0 1 0 0 1 ()
—— Lemon, lb. - - - . 0 1 () () 1 ()
—— Otto of Roses, lb. - - . 0 1 0 0 1 0
-— Thyme, lb. - - - . 0 1 0 0 1 0
—— ALL other Sorts, lb., each - 0 1 () () 1 O
ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, PARIs, Dec. 30, 1843.
M. A. Cahours stated that the volatile oil of the Gaultheria procumbens, known in commerce
and used in perſumery under the name of oil of wintergreen,” is formed of two distinct priu-
riples; the one offering no peculiarity worthy of interest; the other, and almost the totality of
the natural oil, possessing a durable odour sweet and strong. The latter is the heaviest of the
known oxygenated oils. Its density is equal to 1:18, at a temperature of 10°. This oil, produced
by vegetation, is identical in composition with the salicylate of methylene. According to M.
Cahours, the salicylate of methylene should be considered as salicylic acid modified by the sub-
stitution of an equivalent of methylene for one of hydrogen. This substance, or the heavy oil of
Gaultheria procitmbens, is isomeric with anisic acid; and M. Cahours insists upon the fact, that
it affords the first example hitherto observed of two isomeric bodies giving, in a determined case,
identical products.
Coco A Nut, cwt. - - . () 1 3 0 0 7,
LARD 100l val. [7 Vict. c. 16.] . 20 0 () 20 O 0
* ADD 5 per cent. to each Duty, as mentiomed p. 47.
For QUANTITIES IMPoRTED, see Miscell.AN Eous INForMATION, prefired to
the Journal.


8() UNITED KINGDOM.–IMpoRTs.—Tariff, &c. [1845.
w •r at('s "...#
CLASS VII. Of .." "...a from
OILs, Extracts, PERFUMERY, &c.—continued. Foreign British
Countries. | Possessions.
OIL, &c.—continued. £ s. d. £ s. d.
—— LINs). Ed, tun - - - . 6 () () 1 () ()
— HEMPsbED and RAPESEED, tun - . 6 () () 1 () ()
— OLIVE, tun . - e o . 2 () () 1 () ()
——— Imported in a ship belonging to any
of the Subjects of the King of the Two Sicilies,
tun : - - - - . 3 () () --
By 3 & 1 Will. 1, c. 54, § 2, Olive Oil, being the produce of Europe, shall
not be imported into the United Kingdom, to be used therein, except in
British ships, or in ships of the country of which the goods are the produce,
or in ships of the country from which the goods are imported.
And whereas duties higher than in other cases are imposed upon Olive Oil,
being the produce of the dominions of the King of the Two Sicilies, or being
imported from those dominions, and it may become expedient to reduce the
said duties; if is therefore enacted, that it shall be lawful for His Majesty,
by His order in Council, to reduce the said duties to any sum not being less
than the duty payable upon Olive Oil, the produce of or imported from other
places. 4 & 5 Will. 4, c. 89, § 15.
Flasks.-By 7 Vict. c. 16, § 11 [6th June, 18113, the duty upon flasks, in
which ()iive Oil is imported, is repealed.
Taye (in Jºry: 828, the allowances on jars of olive oil imported, in all cases
sary to resort to actual taring, are to be one-seventh for foot,
and one-third for tare each jar.
IRE.AI)Y RECKONIN (;.
Showing the duty on every gallon at 21s. the tun.
ºal. 8. (i. gal S. d. gal. 8. d. gal. 8. d.
l () 2 (; 0 1 1 i i 1 9 16 . . . . 2 (;
2 () 4 ; 1 i 12 I 11 17 2 8
:3 () (; 8 1 3 1:8 2 1 18 2 ) (M
4. () 8 () 1 5 14 2 3 19 3 (?
s () 10 1 () 1 7 15 2 5. 20 3 2.
* x.AMPLE — I uty required on 52 gals.
gais. s, d.
2:) . . . . . . 3 2 from foregoing
2 multiply
-
4
7 add duty on 10
4 ditto 2
-
s
3
REl) l’ ("IN (; W EI(; ; ; 1 INTO MEASl' like.
The following is the mode adopted by the officers of customs in reducin-; the weight of oil into
*** **user rº' --
cwt. Jr. li.
100 2 2:8
91, ris, 112 ſh, deducting 18 per cent.
!) 100
66 allowed for 2 gr. 23 lb.
Divide by number \
of it in gal. } 9)9466
1051 7-9ths,
Or ſtuns, 0 qr, 43 7-9th gal,
* App 5 per cent. to each Dufy, as mentioned p. 47.
For Qu'ANTiti Es Ixi ported, see Misc ELLAN Eous l N FokMATION, prefixed fo
A he Journal.


PART III.] UNITED KINGDOM.–IMPoRTs.—Tariff, &c. 81
Rates of Duty.*
CLASS VII. Of or from Of and from
OIL, ExTRACTs, PERFUMERY, &c.—continued. Foreign British
Countries. | Posscssions.
OIL, &c.—continned £ s. d. £ s. d.
To REDUCE WEIGHT INTo MEASURE.
Showing the relative proportions of pounds and gallons—
ib gal. ib gal. iſ, gal.
1 is 1 11 is 9 20 is 17
2 2 12 ... 10 21 ... 18
3 3 13 . . 11 22 ... 18
4 3 14 ... 12 23 ... 19
5 4 15 . . 13 24 . . 20
6 5 16 . . 13 25 . . 21
7 6 17 . . 14 26 . . 22
8 7 18 . . 15 27 . . 23
9 8 19 . . 16 28 . . 24
10 8
PALM, cwt. - () () 6 () () 6
As to delivery from warehouse for Export, see
ExpoRTs, Part IV.
—— PARAN, ton - - - . 2 () () 1 () ()
—— RocK, cwt. - • - . () 6 0 () 3 ()
—— SEED, not otherwise enumerated or described,
ton 6 () () 1 () ()
TRAIN, BLUBBER, and SPERMACETI, the pro-
duce of Fish or Creatures living in the Sea, taken
and caught by the Crews of British Wessels, and
imported direct from the Fishery, or from any
British Possession, in a British Wessel. tun - - () 1 ()
TRAIN and Blubber, the produce of Fish or
Creatures living in the Sea, of Foreign Fishing,
tun - - - - - . 6 () () -
All train oil, blubber, spermaceti oil, head-matter, skins, bones, and fins, the
produce of fish or creatures living in the sea, and of foreign taking, is hereby
prohibited to be imported into the United Kingdom in fishing vessels, or in
any other vessels, unless such other vessels shall have been cleared out
regularly from some foreign port; and if any such fish, or produce of fish
or creatures living in the sea shall be so imported in the United Kingdom the
same shall be forfeited. 5 & 6 Vict. c. 47, § 4. [9th July, 1842].
SPERMACETI of Foreign Fishing, tun . 15 0 () -
By C. O., Aug. 12, 1825, fish oil and blubber are to be computed as 126 gals, the pipe, and 63
gals. the hbd.
Before any blubber, train oil, spermaceti oil, head-matter, or whale fins, shall
be entered as being the produce of fish or creatures living in the sea, taken
and caught wholly by His Majesty's subjects usually residing in some part of
His Majesty's dominions, and imported from some British possession, the
master of the ship importing the same shall deliver to the Collector or Con-
troller a certificate under the hand of the proper officer of such British
possession where such goods were taken on board (or if no such officer be
residing there, then a certificate under the hands of two principal inhabitants
at the place of shipment), notifying that oath had been made before him or
them by the shipper of such goods, that the same were the produce of fish or
* Add 5 per cent. to each Duty, as mentioned p. 47.
For QUANTITIES IMpoRTED, see Misceli.A.NEot's INFor MAtios, prefired to
fhe Journal. --
fi


82 UNITED KINGDOM.–IM ports.—Tariff, &c. [1845.
£1,ASS VI i.
{}II.s. Extſ: A CTs, PERFUMERY, &c.—continued.
OIL, &c.—continued.
creatures living in the sea, taken wholly by British vessels, owned and navi.
gated according to law; and such master shall also make and subscribe a
declaration before the Collector or Controller, that such certificate was re-
ceived by him at the place where such goods were taken on board, and that
the goods so imported are the same as mentioned therein ; and the importer
of such goods shall also make and subscribe a declaration before the Collector
or Controller, at the time of entry, that, to the best of his knowledge and
belief, the same were the produce of fish or creatures living in the sea, taken
wholly by British vessels in manner aforesaid. 3 & 4 Will. 4, c. 52, § 45.
Before any blubber, train oil, spermaceti oil, head-matter, or whale fins, im.
ported direct from the fishery, shall be entered as being the produce of fish
or creatures living in the sea, taken and caught wholly by the crews of ships
cleared out from the United Kingdom, or from one of the islands of Guernsey,
Jersey, Alderney, Sark, or Man, the master of the ship importing such goods
shall make and subscribe a declaration, and the importer of such goods (to
the best of his knowledge and belief) shall make and subscribe a declaration,
that the same are the produce of fish or creatures living in the sea, taken and
caught wholly by the crew of such ship, or by the crew of some other ship
(naming the ship) cleared out from the United Kingdom, or from one of the
islands of Guernsey, Jersey, Alderney, Sark, or Man (stating which). § 46.
It shall be lawful upon the return of any ship from the Greenland Seas or
Davis's Straits to the United Kingdom with any blubber, being the produce
of whales or other creatures living in the sea, for the importers thereof to
cause the same to be boiled into oil at the port of importation, under the
care and inspection of the proper officers of the customs , and the oil so
produced shall be admitted to entry, and the duties be paid thereon, as if
imported in that state, and such oil shall not afterwards, if the same come to
be exported, be subject to duty of exportation as a manufacture of the United
Kingdom. § 47.
Blubber, train oil, spermaceti oil, head-matter, or whale fins imported into the
United Kingdom direct from the fishery in colonial vessels, and which shall
have cleared out for such fishery from any of the British possessions abroad,
shall be admitted to entry in the United Kingdom upon the payment of the
same duty and in like manner as such articles are now admitted to entry when
imported from the fishery in vessels which shall have cleared out from thence.
6 & 7 Vict. c. 84, § 10. [August 22. 1843].
SOJ, II) VEGETAB LE GILS-
LINNEAN SocIETY.—June 18, 1844,---'The Bishop of Norwich in the chair.—A paper was read
by Mr. E. Solly on the solid vegetable oils. These oils were characterized by possessing stearine,
the solid principle of all oils, in such quantity as to render them solid at the ordinary temperatures
of the atmosphere. They were of the consistence of animal fats, and in many instances were used
as substitutes for the fat of animals in the making of candles, and as substitutes for butter, as
articles of diet. There was some difficulty in distinguishing these oils from wax; but the latter
was produced in much less quantities. The various plants yielding solid oils were pointed out,
with the modes of obtaining the oils, and the uses to which they were subscryient in the various
parts of the world. Few or no British plants yield solid oils. The plants yielding butter, tallow,
and solid oils which were mentioned, are as follows:—Theobroma cocao, Chocolate mut-tree,
yielding cocao butter; Wateria Indica, producing a solid semicrystalline fat, used for various
purposes in India, where the tree is called tallow-tree; Pentadesma butyradea, the butter or
tallow-tree of Sierra Leone. Several species of plants belonging to the natural order Lauraceae,
yield solid oils, in addition to their volatile fluid oils. The Myristica moschota, the common
nutmeg, with the M. sebifera, both yield a solid oil, sometimes called nutmeg butter; Bassia
Butyroſcea, the Mahva or Madhuca-tree, gives out a kind of butter which is used in India. The
butter-tree of Mungo Park found in Africa is the Bassia Parkii of some writers, though others
have doubted if the butter-free of Park is a Bassia at all. The butter is also called shoa butter,
and specimens were exhibited procured by Dr. Stranger during the late Niger expedition. Seve-
ral palms yield solid oils; the principal of these are the Cocos nucifera, cocoa-nut-tree, and the
Elaeis gwirteensis; the former yields the cocoa-nut oil and butter; the latter, the palm-oil of
commerce. All the fruits, however, of Palmaceae are capable of yielding more or less solid oil,
and many other species than those named wield the palm-oil of rommerce.


PART III.] UNITED KINGDOM.–IMPoRTs.—Tariff, &c. 83
×
CLASS VII. Of ...ºf º from
OLLs, ExTRACTs, PERFUMERY, &c.—continued. c. British
ountries. Possessions,
OIL, &c.—continued. £ s. d. É s. d.
—— WALNUT, cwt. - - - . 0 6 0 0 3 ()
—— Or SPIRIT of TURPENTINE, cwt. - . () 5 () 0 2 6
NOT particularly enumerated or described, no
otherwise charged with Duty, 100l. val. . 20 0 0 10 () ()
ORANGE FLower WATER, lb. - - . () 0 1 0 0 1
PERFUMERY not otherwise charged, 100l. val. . 20 0 0 20 0 0
PoMATUM, 100l. val. o - - . 20 () () 20 () ()
WATER, Cologne, the flask (30 containing not more
more than one gallon) - - 0 1 () 0 1 ()
CLASS VIII.
DYE STUFFs, DRUGs, RESINs, &c.
ALKALI, not being Barilla, cwt. . - . 0 1 6 0 l (;
ALKANET Root, cwt. - - - . 0 1 0 0 1 ()
ALoes, lb. - - - - . 0 0 2 0 0 1
ALUM, cwt. - c • - ... O 2 0 0 2 ()
Rock, cwt. . - - • . 0 2 () 0 2 ()
AMBER, Rough, cwt. - - - ... O 5 () 0 5 ()
MANUFACTUREs of, not enumerated, 100l.val. 15 0 0 15 0 0
Elbing, Feb. 21, 1844.
A remarkable phenomenon which has been observed during the present year on this shore ol
the Baltic, has proved a source of great profit to the inhabitants. The amber gathering has
been more productive than it is remembered ever to have been. In the village of Kahlberg
alone, where the amber gathering is farmed, a quantity of amber, amounting in value to 20,000
thalers, has been obtained within the last few weeks. Probably the violent storms that have
F. this winter, especially during the month of December, have brought this treasure up
om the bottom of the sea.—Elbing Zeitung,
AMBERGRIs, oz. - - - - 0 0 3 0 0 3
ANGELICA, cwt. - - - . 0 4 0 0 4 ()
ANNATTo, Roll, and FLAG, cwt. . - . 0 1 0 0 1 0
ARIsTolocIIIA, cwt. - - • . 0 1 () 0 1 0
ARGoL, cwt. •o - - o . 0 0 6 0 0 6
ASHES, viz.:-
PEARL and Pot, cwt. - • . 0 0 6 Free.
ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.—PARIs, Oct. 7, 1844.
M. Ballard read a paper on the means of extracting from sea-water the sulphates of soda and
potass in sufficient quantity for all the purposes of commerce, without having recourse to the
present expensive process. Hitherto it has been found impracticable to obtain the sulphate of
soda from sea-water in abundance; but M. Ballard has been able, from an evaporating surface
of 200 hectares (about 500 English acres), to obtain 2,500,000 kilogrammes in one year.
M. Ballard adds, that the sulphate of soda thus obtained is hydrated, but pure: it does not
contain sulphate of magnesia, and is free from the excess of acid and the proportions of iron
which are frequently found in the sulphate of soda of commerce.
So AP WEED and Wood, cwt. - . () 0 6 Free.
NOT enumerated, 100l. val. - . 5 () () Froo.
PRussiaTE of PotAsh, lb. [7 Vict. c. 16] . . 0 () 2 0 () 2
Asphaltum, ton - - - . 0 1 0 0 1 0
BALSAM, CANADA, lb. . - - . 0 0 1 () () i
—— CAPIVI, cwt. - - • . 0 4 0 0 4 ()
* ADD 5 per cent to each Duty, as mentioned p. 47.
For QuANTITIES IMPopTED, see MiscellANEous INForMAtiox, prefired to
the Journal.
•)
(.


84 UNITED KINGDOM.–IMpoRTs.—Tariff, &c. [1845.
Rates of Duty.*
CLASS VIII. of or from of and from
DYE STUFFs, DRUGs, RESINs, &c.—continued. ... Foreign British
Countries. | Possessions.
BALSAM—continned #2 s. d. 6 s. d.
The genuineness of copaiva balsam is frequently tested by mixing 3 parts of balsam with 1 of
caustic ammonia of 0.96 of spec. grav., . If the mixture is rendered clear by shaking, the balsam.
is usually considered genuine. If to this balsam the sixth part oil of juniper-wood be added, it
behaves towards ammonia precisely like the genuine, likewise affording a clear combination,
which proves the insufficiency of this test.
Of late there has frequently occurred in commerce a balsam which will not at all bear the above
test with ammonia. I have taken much trouble to detect any adulteration in this balsam, but
am thoroughly convinced that it is perfectly genuine. It contains from 20 to 25 per cent, more
essential oil, which renders it more liquid, but the oils from both kinds of balsam are identical
in odour and in all other properties: the residuous resin in both kinds becomes equally hard and
brittle, which entirely does away with the supposition of its having been adulterated with any
fat oil; the two resins however differ, the one affording a soapy combination with caustic alkalies,
which the resin of the new balsam does not.
Whether this new balsam is obtained from younger trees, or whether it is derived from a
different species; whether the one is more active than the other, it is impossible for me to say;
but the latter is decidedly not adulterated, for on boiling with water not the least foreign odour
is perceptible, and the residue, after boiling and driving off the volatile oil, is hard and brittle
like sealing wax.-Archiv der Pharm. and Chem. Gaz., Aug. 1844.
PERU, lb. - - - . 0 0 3 0 0 3
—— RIGA, lb. - - - . () 0 1 0 0 1
--- And further, as Foreign Spirits,
gallon . - - - - . 1 2 6 1 2 6
—-- ToI.U, lb. - - - . () () 2 () () 2
BALM of GILE AD, and all Balsams not
otherwise enumerated or described - - O 6 0 0 6
BARILLA, ton . - - - ... O 5 0 0. 5 ()
By 3 & 4 Will. 1, c. 54, § 2, barilla, being the produce of Europe, shall not be
imported into the United Kingdom, to be used therein, except in British
ships, or in ships of the country of which the goods are the produce, or in
ships of the country from which the goods are imported.
Whereas, by the Act 4 & 5 Will. 4, c. 89, it is enacted, that for any barilla
used in the process of bleaching of linen, a repayment of the duties which
have been paid on the importation of such barilla shall be made to the person
so using the same, and it is expedient to discontinue such repayment; it is
therefore enacted, that no such repayment shall be allowed upon any such
barilla, the duty whereon shall have been paid after the passing of this Act.
5 & 6 Wict, c. 47, § 46. [July 9, 1842].
By C. o., June 22, 1821, whenever the whole quantity of barilla landed is taken out of the
warehouse at one time, the re-weighing may be dispensed with, and the duty charged on the
original landing weight; but when the same is taken out in separate parcels, each parcel
must be re-weighed, except the last, so that the duty be balanced; and the increase of weight
may be dispensed with.
BARK, PERUVIAN, cwt. . - - . 0 1 0 0 1 0
CASCAR (LLA, cwt. . - - . () 1 () () I. O
Of oth ER Sorts, cwt. - - . 0 1 () 0 1 0
For TANNERs' or DYERs' Use, cwt. . () () : 0 0 1
ExTRACT of, or other WEGETABE SUBSTANCES
to be used only for Tanning Leather, cwt. ... O 1 0 0 0 1
BERRIES, BAY, cwt. - - - . () 1 0 0 1 0
————— JUNIPER, cwt. - - . () 1 () 0 1 0
My Robot,ANE, ton [7 Vict. c. 16.] . 0 1 0 0 1 0
These berries are used for chemical purposes only, and not for medicinal ones.—Ed.
——— YELLow, cwt. - - . 0 1 0 0 1 0
—— NOT enumerated, commonly made use
of in Chemical Processes, ton . - . 0 1 0 0 1 0
* ADD 5 per cent. to each Duty, as mentioned p. 47.
For QUANTITIES IMPORTED, see MiscELLANEous INForMATION, prefixed to
the Journal.


PART III.] UNITED KINGDOM.–IMpoRTs.—Tariff, &c. 85
*
CLASS VIII. Of ...” *F. from
DYE STUFFs, DRUGs, RESINs, &c.—continued. c. British
ountries. Possessions.
£ s. d. #' s. d.
BITUMEN JUDAICUM, ton - - . 0 1 0 0 1 0
Bor AcIc AcID, cwt. - e • . () () 6 () () 6
Bor Ax, REFINED, cwt. - - - ... O 5 () 0 5 ()
CAMoMILE FLowers, lb. . - • . 0 0 1 0 0 1
CAMPHoR, cwt. - - • - . 0 1 () 0 1 0
——— Refined, cwt. - - ... O 10 0 0 10 0
CANELLA ALBA, lb. - - - . 0 0 1 0 0 1
CANTIIARIDEs, lb. - • • . 0 () 3 0 0 3
By 4 & 5 Will. 4, c. 89, § 5, no abatement of the duties shall be made on
account of any damage received by Cantharides.
No abatement of the duties payable upon Cantharides, found Derelict, Jetsam,
Flotsam, or Wreck, shall be made or allowed. 5 & 6 Vict, c. 47, § 17.
[July 9, 1842].
CARDAMoMs, lb. - - - . () () 2 0 0 2
CAouTchouc, or INDIA-RUBBER, cwt. - . 0 1 0 0 1 0
Rio de Janeiro, Aug. 21, 1844.
The number of caoutchouc trees in the province is countless. In some parts whole forests of
them exist, and they are frequently cut down for firewood. Although the trees exist in Mexico
and the East Indies, there appears to be no importation into the United States from these places.
The reason, I suppose, must be the want of that prolificness found in them here. The caout-
chouc tree may be worked all the year; but generally in the wet seasons they have rest, owing
to the flooded state of the woods: and the milk being watery, requires more to manufacture the
same article than in the dry season.—Cor.
CARMINE, oz. - - - - . 0 0 6 0 0 6
CAssi A, FISTULA, cwt. - - - . () 5 () O 5 0
BUDs, lb. - - - . () 0 6 0 0 3
CAstor, cwt. - - - - ... O 2 0 0 2 0
CHINA Root, lb. • - - . () () 3 0 0 3
CINNABARIs NATIVA, cwt. - - . 0 1 0 0 1 0
CITRATE of LIME, cwt. - - . () 5 () 0 5 ()
Civet, oz. - - - - ... O 2 () 0 2 ()
CoBALT, ton - - - - 0 5 () () 5 ()
See also CobALT ORE, Class VI.
Coculus INDICUs, cwt. - - - ... O 7 6 0 7 6
— Extract or Preparation of. See “Extract.”
By 4 & 5 Will. 4, c. 89, § 5, no abatement of the duties shall be made on
account of any damage received by Coculus Indicus.
No abatement of the duties payable upon Coculus Indicus, found Derelict,
Jetsam, Flotsam, or Wreck, shall be made or allowed. 5 & 6 Vict. c. 47,
§ 17. [July 9, 1842].
Cochin EAL and GRANILLA, cwt. . - . () 1 () () 1 ()
— Dust, cwt. - - - . 0 1 0 0 1 0
CoLocyNTII, lb. . - - - . () () 1 0 0 1
CoLUMBo Root, cwt. - - - . () 1 0 O 1 ()
CREAM of TARTAR, cwt. . - - . () 1 0 0 1 0
CUBEBs, lb. - - - - . () 0 1 0 0 1
CUTcII, ton • e - • . () 5 () () 5 ()
Divi-DIvi, ton - - - - ... O 5 0 O 5 0
oak bark was formerly the only substance used in tanning; but large quantities of valonia
and terra japonica are now imported for that purpose; and recently a bean pod called divi-divi
has excited attention.—Ency. Britan. Art Tanning.
* App 5 per cent. to each Duty, as mentioned p. 47.
For QUANTITIES IMPoRTED, see MiscellANEous INForMAtios, prºfired to
the Journal.


86 UNITED KINGDOM.–IM volts.—Tariff, &c. [1845.
- - - - - - Rates of Duty.”
A Nº - -
CLASS VIII. ()f or from | Of and from
DYE STUFFs, DRUGs, REsiiNs, &c.—continued. Foreign British
("ountries, Possessions.
£ s. d. É s. d.
. () I () 0 1 ()
The Lord hath created medicines out of the earth: and he that is wise will not abhor them,-
Ereſ, s, xxviii. 4.
DRUGs uot enumerated, cwt. -
Furstic, ton - - - - ... O 2 () 0 1 0.
GALLs, cwt. - - - - . () 1 () 0 1 0.
GAMBogº, cwt. - - - - . 0 1 0 0 1 0
GARANCINE, cwt. [6 & 7 Vict. c. 81] - . () 5 O O ş 0
GELATINE, cwt. . - - - . () 10 () 0 10 ()
ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.—PARIs, MARcm 11, 1844.
A report made to the Institute of the Netherlands was read, on the properties of gelatinc.
Our readers will remember that a series of experiments on this subject was made some time ago
by a committee of the Paris Academy, and that the result was anything but favourable to the use
of gelatine as an article of food whether in sickness or in health. This report confirms that
opinion. The committee came to the conclusion, that gelatine has no nutritive properties, and
declared that this is equally the case whether it be given in bulk or made into soup.
GENTIAN ton - - - ... O 5 () O 5 0
GINspxg, ton - - - . () 5 () 0 5 ()
GLUE, cwt. - - - - . () 3 () 0 3 0
Clippixes, or WAstE of any Kind, fit only
for Glue, 100l. val. - - - . 1 () () 1 0 0
GRAINs, GUINIA, and of PARADIsr, cwt. . () 15 () 0 15 0
By 4 & 5 Will. 4, c. 89, § 5, no abatement of the duties shall be made on
account of any damage received by Guinea grains.
No abatement of the duties payable upon Guineas grains found IJerelict, Jetsam,
Flotsam, or Wrcck, shall be made or allowed. 5 & 6 Vict. c. 47, § 17.
[July 9, 1842].
ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.–PAkis, SEpt. 16, 1844.
A long paper was read by M. Chevreul on the injurious effect, in a commercial point of view,
of the presence of lead in certain preparations used in Llanufactures. He states that he was
some time since consulted as to the cause of a brown tint which made its appearance in some
white shawls which, in the finishing process, had been submitted to the action of steam. On ex-
amination, he found that the parts thus stained were only those which had received a preparation
of glue, and on analyzing some of the same glue he found that it contained oxide of lead, and a
small quantity of oxide of copper. This glue was prepared in the neighbourhood of Lille, and it
was ascertained that a quanity of white lead had been added to it.
GUM, viz.:-
SEN EGAL, cwt. - . 0 1 () 0 l ()
— ARABIC, ewt. - - - . () I () 0 1 0
— CoPAL, cwt. - - - . () 1 () 0 1 0
ANIMI, cwt. - - - . () 1 () () 1 O
Ass AFGETIDA, cwt. . - - () 1 () 0 1 0
— AM Mox1Act M, cwt. - - . () 1 () 0 1 0
ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.–PARIs, Dec. 30, 1843.
M. Boullay read a memoir on the production of a new amide from the action of ammonia on
oil and fat. From the facts detailed, the conclusions were, that from the action of ammonia on
oils and fatty bodies, there result a very small portion of margarates and oleates, a peculiar acid
in the state of ammoniacal supersalt, glycerine, and a colouring matter, chiefly a body entirely
neutral, having all the characters of an amide, and presenting the composition of the margara.
mide. Spanish-nut oil is transformed, under the influence of ammonia, almost entirely into a
neutral body analagous to that which the other oils furnish, but with difierent characters.
GuAIAccM, cwt. - - - . 0 1 0 0 1 0
— KIxo, cwt. - - - . 0 1 0 0 1 0
* ADD 5 per cent. to each Duty, as mentioned p. 47.
For QUANtities IM ported, see MiscELLANEous INForMAT10N, prºft:ed in
the Journal.


PART III.] UNITED KINGDOM.–Impoats.- Tariff, &c. 87
r •:k
CLASS VIII. Of ...ºf fººd from
DYE, STUFFs, DRUGs, RESINs, &c.—continued. Foreign British
Countries. | Possessions.
GUM–continued. & S. d. 6 s. d.
MAstic, cwt. - - - . 0 1 0 0 1 0
—— TRAGACANTH, cwt. . - - - 0 1 O 0 1 0
—— EUPIIoRBIUM, cwt. . - - . () I () 0 1 0
— SHELLAc, cwt. - - - - 0 1 0 0 1 0
LAc DYE, cwt. - - - , 0 1 () 0 1 0
—— SEED, cwt. - - - . 0 1 0 0 1 ()
—— NOT enumerated, cwt. - - , () I 0. 0 1 ()
SAGAPENUMI.
This substance is described in the London Pharmacopoeia as a gum resin, the production of
an uncertain species of ferula. , Wildemow, Sprengel, and Fee considered it to be the produce of
the Ferula persica, but this opinion appears to be unsupported by any direct evidence (Pereira),
and up to the present time the question is quite as unanswerable as it was 2,000 years ago,
What renders di. ignorance the more singular is, the fact that segapenum is not a medicine of
yesterday, but was known to antiquity. Hippocrates, who died B. C. 361, as well as Diosco-
rides, mention this substance; and the latter even asserts, that it is the liquid produce of a ferula
growing in Media. Pliny, the Roman naturalist, also mentioned, “S.AcoPENIUM’’ nearly 1,800
ears ago.
y The *penum of commere is either met with under the form of agglutimated tears, of a yel-
lowish brown colour, or in tough irregular masses. It possesses an odour and appearance inter-
mediate between assafoetida and galbanum. When heated it evoles a peculiar smell, partaking
of garlic and juniper, which is neither so powerful nor disagreeable as that of the foetid gum.
A. J. Cooley, Chemnist, Aug., 1844.
HELLEBORE, cwt. . º - - ... O 3 O O 3 ()
IsINGLAss, cwt. . - - - . 2 7 6 0 5 ()
INDIGo, cwt. - - - ... O 2 0. 0 1 0
ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.—PARIs, APRIL 1, 1844.
M. A. Laurent, in a memºir entitled “New combinations of Indigo,” deduces this general
conclusion: that, although there is not the slightest analogy between chlorine and hydrogen,
and although the one be highly positive and the other megative, either may indifferently be
to a great number of compounds without sensibly altering their fundamental phy-
: clienie,1 properties; hence it results that number, arrangement, and form, in certain
mibinations, are more essential than the matter.
SUBSTITUTE for INDIGo.
A young Scotchman travelling in the Shand country, adjoining the Burman empire, has met
with a plant, used by the natives for dyeing, which is likely to supersede the use of indigo, as it
is only a tenth of the price. He has submitted it to the Agri-horticultural Society of Calcutta,
and it has been pronounced to be a very valuable production—a genuine black vegetable dye-
Cor.
JALAP, lb. - - - - . 0 0 1 0 0 1
By 4 & 5 Will. 4, c. 89, § 5, no abatement of the duties shall be made on
account of any damage received by Jalap.
No abatement of the duties payable upon Jalap found Derelict, Jetsam, Flotsam,
or Wreck, shall be made or allowed. 5 & 6 Wict. c. 47, § 17. [July 9,
1842].
LAc, viz., Sticklac, cwt. - - . 0 0 1 0 0 1
IAvender Flowers, lb. . - - . 0 0 1 0 0 1
LEAves of Roses, lb. • - • . () () 2 0 0 2
LEEcHEs, 100l. val. - - • . 5 () 0 5 0 0
MANNA, lb. - - - - 0 0 1 0 0 1
MOSS, viz.:-
—— LIcHEN Islandicus, ton . - , () 5 0 O 5 0
— Rock, for Dyers' Use, ton - . 0 5 0 O 5 0
— NOT enumerated, 100l. val. - . 1 0 0 1 0 0
MADDER, cwt. - - - . () () 6 0 0 6
* App 5 per cent. to each Duty, as mentioned p. 47.
For QuANTITIES IMpoRTED, see MiscellANEous INFoºm Ation, préſized to
the Journal.


88 UNITED KINGDOM.–IMPoRTs.-Tariff, &c. [1845.
- +
CLASS VIII. of:"'º, ºn
DYE STUFFs, DRUGs, RESENs, &c.—continued. Foreign British
Countries. Possessions.
MADDER—continued £ s. d. £ s. d.
—— Root, cwt. . - • . () () 3 0 0 3
By 3 & 4 Will. 4, c. 54, § 2, Madder and Madder Roots, being the production
of Europe, shall not be imported into the United Kingdom, to be used therein,
except in British ships, or in ships of the country of which the goods are the
produce, or in ships of the country from which the goods are imported.
MoRPIIIA and its Salts, Ib. - - . () 5 0 0 5 0.
As to Morphia in Opium, see “Opium” in this Class.
Musk, oz. - - - - () () 6 () () 6
MYRRII, cwt. - - - : 0 1 0 0 1 0
NITRE, viz., Cubic Nitre, cwt. - . 0 0 6 0 0 6
NUx Vox11cA, cwt. - 0 5 () 0 5 0
No abatement of the duties payable upon Nux Womica found Derelict, Jetsam,
Flotsam, or Wreck, shall be made or allowed. 5 & 6 Wict. c. 47, § 17.
[July 9, 1842].
By 4 & 5 Will. 4, c. 89, § 5, no abatement of the duties shall be made on
account of any damage received by Nux Vomica.
OcHRE, cwt. - - - 2 . 0 0 6 0 0 6
OPIUM, lb. - - - - . 0 1 0 0 1 0
By 4 & 5 Will. 4, c. 89, § 5, no abatement of the duties shall be made on
account of any damage received by Opium.
No abatement of the duties payable upon Opium found Derelict, Jetsam, Flot-
sam, or Wreck, shall be made or allowed. 5 & 6 Vict. c. 47, § 17. [July
9, 1842].
ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.—PARIs, FEB. 12, 1844,
The report of MMI. De Mirbel, Boussingault, and Payen, “On the quantity of morphine
cº in the specimens of opium grown in Algiers,” holds forth high promise that thence
may be obtained opium more constant in quality than any opium of commerce, and as rich in
morphine as the finest varieties of Smyrna and India collected in tears and free from adul-
teration.
OLIBANUM, cwt. . - - - . 0 1 0 0 1 0
ORCHAL, cwt. - - - - . () 1 () 0 1 ()
ORPIMENT, cwt. . - - º () 1 O 0 1 0
ORRIs Root, cwt. . - - - . () 5 () 0 5 0
PAINTER’s Colours, not particularly charged, viz.:
— Unmanufactured, 100l. val. 1 0 () 1 0 ()
- Manufactured, 100l. val. ... 10 0 0 10 O ()
PINK Root, lb. - - - 0 0 1 0 0 1
PitcII, BURGUNDY, cwt. . - 0 2 () 0 2 0
PRussi ATE of Pot Ash, See “Potash.”
QUAssIA, cwt. - - () 10 0 0 10 0
QUININE, SULPHATE of oz. 0 0 6 0 0 6
RADIX, viz.:
— CoNTRAYERVAE, lb. 0 0 1 0 0 1
ENULE CAMPANE, cwt. 0 2 O 0 2 0
ERING11, cwt. - - ... O 2 0 0 2 0
IPECAcuANILE, lb. - - . 0 1 0 0 1 0
By 4 & 5 Will. 4, c. 89, § 5, no abatement of the duties shall be made on
account of damage received by Ipecacuanha.
No abatement of the duties payable upon Ipecacuanha found Derelict, Jetsam,
* App 5 per cent. to each Duty, as mentioned p. 47.
For QUANTITIES IMPORTED, see MISCELLANEous INForMATION, prefixed to
the Journal.


PART III.] UNITED KINGDOM.—IMports.-Tariff, &c. 89
CLASS VIII. Rates of Duty.*
of or from of and from
DYE STUFFs, DRUGs, RESINs, &c.—continued. Foreign British
Countries. Possessions.
RADIX—continued. & S. d. & S. d.
Flotsam, or Wreek, shall be made or allowed. 5 & 6 Wict. c. 47, § 17.
[July 9, 1842].
RHATANIAE, lb. () () I () () I.
SENEKAE, lb. - - - 0 0 1 0 0 1
—— SERPENTARIAE, or Snake Root, lb. 0 0 2 O O 2
RESIN. See Rosin, Class XV.
RHUBARB, lb. • 0 0 3 () () 3
By 4 & 5 Will. 4, c. 89, § 5, no abatement of the duties shall be made on
account of any damage received by Rhubarb.
No abatement of the duties payable upon Rhubarb found Derelict, Jetsam,
Flotsam, or Wreck, shall be made or allowed. 5 & 6 Wict. c. 47, § 17.
[July 9, 1842].
SAccHARUM SATURNI, cwt. - • 0 10 () 0 [0 0
SAFFLow ER, cwt. . e. - - . 0 1 0 0 1 ()
SAFFRON, lb. - - • - , 0 1 0 0 1 0
SAL, viz.:
AMMONIAC, cwt. , - - ... O I 0 0 1 0.
LIMONUM, cwt 0 1 0 0 1 0.
PRUNELLA, cwt. . - • . 0 1 0 0 1 0
SALEP or SALOP, cwt. - - - . 0 1 0 0 1 ()
SALTPETRE, cwt. . - - - () () 6 0 0 6
SANGUIs DRAconis, cwt. . - - . 0 4 0 0 4 ()
SARSAPARILLA, lb. . - • . () 0 1 0 0 1
By 4 & 5 Will. 4, c. 89, § 5, no abatement of the duties shall be made on
account of any damage received by sarsaparilla.
No abatement of the duties payable upon sarsaparilla, found Derelict, Jetsam,
Flotsam, or Wreck, shall be made or allowed. 5 & 6 Wict. c. 47, § 17,
[July 9, 1842].
SAssAFRAs, cwt. . - o 0 0 6 0 0 6
ScAMMONY, lb. - • e - . () () 6 0 0 6
SENNA, lb. - - 0 0 1 0 0 1
By 4 & 5 Will. 4, c. 89, § 5, no abatement of the duties shall be made on
account of any damage received by senna.
No abatement of the duties payable upon senna, found Derelict, Jetsam, Flot-
sam, or Wreck, shall be made or allowed. 5 & 6 Wict. c. 47, § 17. [July 9,
1842].
SHUMAc, ton e - o - . 0 1 0 0 1 0
By 3 & 4 Will. 4, c. 54, § 2, shumac, being the produce of Europe, shall not
be imported into the United Kingdom, to be used therein, except in British
ships, or in ships of the country of which the goods are the produce, or in
ships of the country from which the goods are imported.
SMALTs, lb. - - • 0 0 2 0 0 2
Squills, Dried, cwt. - - • () 1 () 0 1 0
— — Not Dried, cwt. . • e () () 6 0 () 6
TARTAR1c AcID, lb. - 0 0 1 0 0 1
TERRA, viz.:
- JAPONICA, - O 5 () 0 5 ()
* Add 5 per cent. to each Duty, as mentioned p. 47.
For QUANTITIES IMPORTED, see MiscellANEOUS INFORMATION, prefixed to
the Journal.


90 UNITED KINGDOM.–IMpoRTs.--Tariff, &c. [1845.
t * ºn r - * 3:
CHASS V 111. Of ...ºf "...a from
DYE STUFFS, DRU (#4, REs 1Ns, &c.—continued. Foreign British
Countries. Possessions.
TERRA –continued. £ s. d. £ s. d.
-- SIENNA, ton w - - . () 1() () 0 10 0
- UMBRA, cwt. • o - . () 4 () 0 4 ()
-- VERDE, ton - • - . () 5 () 0 5 ()
TINcAL, ton - - - • . () () 0 0 6
Tor Nsal, cwt. - - - - . () 1 () () 1 ()
TURMERIC, ton - - - - . () 5 () () () 1
TURPENTINE of WENICE, Scio, or Cypriºs, Ib. . () () 10 () () 1()
VALONIA, ton - r - • . () 5 0 () 5 ()
WARNIs II, not otherwise described, 100'. val. . 15 O O 15 0 ()
VERDIGRIs, lb. o - - - ... O O 1 () () }
WERJUICE, tun • - - - ... 10 0 0 10 0 ()
WERMILION, lb. e - - - . 0 () 3 0 0 :
WAX, Bees-Wax, cwt. . • - . () 2 () () l (;
By C. O., April 14, 1829, foreign bees’-wax may be taken out of bond for the purpose of being
bleached, proper security being first given to pay the duty thereon.
— in any degree bleached, cwt. • . 1 () () 0 1 () (?
By C, O., Jan. 30, 1814, Bees’-Wax in packages, for which a perfect entry has been pas ."
may be weighed gross as other goods, the officer taking care to turn out the contents of as
many packages as they may deem necessary for the purposes of examination and taring.
MYRTLE WAx, cwt. - - . () 2 () () I (?
SEALING WAx, 100l. va!. • - - 15 () () 15 () ()
— VEGETABLE WAx, cwt. [7 Vict. c. 16] . () 2 () () 2 (;
WoAD, ton o - • e . () 5 () () 5 ().
WELD, ton - - - - . () 5 () () 5 ()
ZAFFRE, cwt. - - - - . () I () () l (;
CLASS IX.
SKINS AND FuRs.
SKINS, FURS, PELTS, and TAILS, viz. –
His Majesty may, by order in council, prohibit the importation of skins, in
order to prevent any contagious distemper. 3 & 4 Will. 4, c. 52, § 58.
BADGER, undressed, dozen skins . - . () 1 6 O 0 9
BEAR, skin e w - - . () 3 0 0 2 ()
By C. O., Sept. 15, 1843, permission is given to cut off the tails of fox and fisher skins, and to
trim chinchillas and bear skins in bond; the legs, tails, and valueless parts, if taken for home
consumption, being charged with the duty of 5 per cent, as “pieces of undressed furs,”
and the foxes tails with the rated duty of twopence each.
BEAVER, undressed, skin . - • ... O 0 8 0 0 2
By C. O., Jan. 15, 1824, pieces of Beaver skins, from the British Colonies, to pay duty as fol.
lows, viz., to weigh pieces of beaver skins against whole skins upon so inany as are required
to balance the weight of the pieces, on future importation, and charge duty on so many
whole skins.
CAT, undressed, dozen skins • o . () I () () () 6
CIIINCHILLA, undressed, dozen skins - ... O 2 () 0 1 0
See BEAR Skins.
CoNEY, undressed, 100 skins - • . () () 6 () () 3
DEER, undressed, skin • - - . () () 1 0 0 0}
* ADD 5 per cent. to each Duty, as mentioned p. 47.
For QUANTITIES IMPORTED, see MiscellANEous INForMATION, prefixed to
the Journal.


PART III.] UNITED KINGDOM.–IMpoRTs.—Tariff, &c. 91
|
x;
CLASS IX. of ...ºf º from
SKINs, FURs, &c.—continued. Foreign British
Countries. Possessions.
DEER—continned. £ s. d. 6 s. d.
Indian, half-dressed, skin - . 0 0 2 0 0 1
Indian, tanned, tawed, or in any way dressed,
skin e • - - e . () () 6 0 0 3
Dog, in the Hair, not tanned, tawed, or in any way
dressed, dozen skins e e ... O 0 2 0 0 1
Dog Fish, undressed, dozen skins 0 1 0 0 0 1
ELK, undressed, skin - • - 0 0 6 0 0 3
ERMINE, undressed, dozen skins - 0 0 6 0 0 3
dressed, dozen skins () 2 () 0 1 0
FISHER, undressed, dozen skins 0 4 0 0 2 ()
See BEAR Skins.
FITCH, undressed, dozen skins 0 1 0 0 0 6
Fox, undressed, skin e - O O 6 0 0 3
Tails, undressed, each 0 0 2 0 0 1
See BEAR Skins.
GoAT, raw or undressed, dozen skins - . 0 0 3 0 0 2
tanned, tawed, or in any way dressed, dozen
skins . - o • - O 5 O 0 2 6
Goose, undressed, dozen skins o 0 1 0 0 0 6
HARE, undressed, 100 skins 0 0 6 0 0 3
Husse, undressed, dozen skins O 3 O 0 1 6
KANGARoo, undressed, dozen skins 0 0 2 0 0 1
KID, in the Hair, undressed, 100 skins 0 0 4 0 0 2
dressed, 100 skins . - - 0 5 0 0 2 6
ditto, and dyed or coloured, 100 skins 0 10 () 0 5 0
Kolinski, undressed, dozen skins e . 0 1 0 0 0 6
LAMB, undressed, in the wool, 100 skins . . 0 () 4 0 0 2
tanned or tawed, 100 skins o ... O 5 0 0 2 6
tanned or tawed, dyed or coloured, 100
skins • e - - - . 0 10 0 O 5 O
- dressed in Oil, 100 skins . - . 2 () () 1 0 0
LEoPARD, undressed, skin • - . () 1 6 0 0 9
LION, ditto, skin - • - . () () 6 0 0 3
Lion skins, it would seem, are not very valuable, for “a living dog is better than a dead lion.”
—Eccl. ix. 4.—Ed.
LYNX, ditto, skin - - - . () () 6 () () 3
MARTEN, ditto, skin • - • . () () 4 0 0 2
Tails, ditto, 100 tails 0 2 6 0 1 3
MINK, ditto, dozen skins 0 1 0 () () 6
dressed skin 0 0 6 () () 3
Mole, undressed, 100 skins O 3 0 () I. 6
Musqu'Ash, ditto; 100 skins - 0 1 0 0 0 6
NUTREA, ditto, 100 skins • 0 1 0 0 0 6
OTTER, ditto, skin - - 0 1 0 0 0 6
OUNCE, ditto, skin () () 2 () () 1
PANTHER, ditto, skin - - - . 0 0 2 0 0 1
PELTs of all Sorts, undressed, dozen pelts . 0 1 () 0 0 6
tanned, tawed, or in any way dressed, dozen
pelts . - • - - () 5 0 0 2 6
* ADD 5 per cent. to each Duty, as mentioned p. 47.
For QUANTITIES IMPORTED, see MiscELLANEous INForMATION, prefixed to
the Journal.


92 UNITED KINGDOM.–IMPorts.-Tariff, &c. [1845.
* * Rates of Duty.*
CLASS IX. Of or from | Of and from
SKINs, FURs, &c.—continued. Foreign British
Countries. | Possessions
£ s. d. 3C s. d.
RAcoox, undressed, dozen skins - , 0 1 6 0 0 9
SABLE ditto, skin - - - ... O 2 0 0 1 ()
Tails or Tips, undressed, dozen skins . 0 1 6 0 0 9
SEAL, in the Hair, not tanned, tawed, or in any way
dressed, skin - - - - . () () 4 () () 4
of British Taking, imported direct from the
Fishery or a British Possession, dozen skins - - 0 0 1
By C, O.. June 29, 1836, seal skins imported from the Falkland Islands must be deemed
to be imported from a British possession, according to the legal construction of that term.
By C. O., January 8, 1830, seal skins, which have been taken by Englishmen in the Falkland
Islands, and shipped from thence in a British vessel to Rio de Janeiro, and re-shipped from
thence in a British vessel for this country, may be admitted to entry on payment of the low
duty, as if imported direct from any other British colony, upon satisfactory proof being ad-
duced that they are the produce of the Falkland Islands, and belong to British subjects.
0 3
Sii EEP, undressed, in the Wool, dozen skins . () () (; ()
Tanned or tawed, 100 skins - . 0 12 () 0 6 ()
- Dressed in oil, 100 skins - . 1 0 0 0 1 0 ()
Squirrel, or CALABAR, undressed, 100 skin ... O 3 () 0 1 (;
--- – Tawed, 100 skins ... O 5 () () 2 6
- — Tails, undressed, 100l. value 5 0 0 2 10 ()
Swan, undressed, skin - - - . 0 () 3 () () 2
TIGER, ditto, skin • - - . () 1 6 () () 9
WEASEL, ditto, dozen skins - - . 0 (0 : () () 2
Wolf, ditto, dozen skins - • ... O 2 () 0 1 0
Tawed, skin - - • ... O 5 () () 2 6
Wolver INGs, undressed, skin - - . () () 3 () () 2
SKINs and FURs, or pieces of Skins and Furs, raw
or undressed, not particularly enumerated or de-
scribed, nor otherwise charged with duty, 100l. val. 5 () 0 2 10 0
SKINs and Fults, or pieces of Skins and Furs, tanned,
curried, or in any way dressed, not particularly
enumerated or described, nor otherwise charged
with duty, 100l. val. - • • . 1 () () () 5 () {}
ARTICLES MANUFACTURED of Skins or Furs,
100l. val. - - - - . 20 () () 10 () ()
CIASS X.
HIDEs, RAW AND TANNED.
IIIDEs, or any other part of cattle or beasts, His Majesty may, by Order
in Council, prohibit, in order to prevent any contagious distemper. 3
& 4 Will. 4, c. 52, § 58.
IIIDEs of HoRs E, MARE, GELDING, BUFFALo, BULL,
Cow, Ox, CALF, KIP, Sw1NE, and IIog, SEA-cow,
ELEPHANT, and ELAND, or large DEER :
—— not tanned, tawed, curried, or in any way
dressed, viz.:
DRY, cwt. - - - ... O () 6 0 0 2
— WET, cwt. - - - ... O 0 3 0 0 1
* ADD 5 per cent. to each Duty, as mentioned p. 47.
For QUANTITIES IMPORTED, see MiscELLANEous INFoEMATION, prefixed to
the Journal.


PART III.] UNITED KINGDOM.–IMponts.—Tariff, &c. 93
|
Rates of Duty.*
CLASS X. Of or from of and from
HIDEs, RAw AND TANNED.—continued. Foreign British
Countries. | Possessions.
HIDES–continued. £ s. d. £ s. d
whether whole, cut, rounded, or trimmed, or
pieces thereof, not cut into shapes, tanned, but
not otherwise dressed, lb. - - . 0 () 2 0 0 1
HIDEs tawed, curried, or in any way dressed, not
being varnished, japanned, or enamelled, lb. () () 4 0 0 2
if varnished, japanned, or enamelled, lb. . () () 6 0 0 3
Los II HIDEs, lb. - - - . 0 0 4 0 0 2
Muscovy or Russia IIIDEs, or pieces thereof, tanned,
coloured, shaved, or otherwise dressed, lb. . () () 4 0 0 2
HIDEs, or pieces thereof, raw or undressed, not
otherwise enumerated, 100l. val. - . 5 0 0 2 1 () ()
HIDEs, or pieces thereof, tanned, tawed, curried, or
in any way dressed, not otherwise enumerated,
100l. val. - - - - . 1 () () () 5 () ()
CI, ASS XI.
MANUFACTUREs of LEATHER.
BOOTS, SHOES, and CALASHES, viz.,
Women's Boots and CALAs.IIEs, doz. pairs 0 12 0 0 12 0
if lined, or trimmed with Fur or
other Trimming, doz. pairs • - -
Shops, with Cork or double Soles,
quilted Shoes and Clogs, doz. pairs -
if trimmed, or lined with Fur or any
other Trimming, doz. pairs - -
—— Women's Siiors of Silk, Satin, Jean, or other
Stuffs, Kid, Morocco, or other Leather, doz. pairs 0 9 0 O 9 ()
Woxiex's Siiors, if trimmed, or lined with
Fur or any other Trimming, doz. pairs . () 10 () 0 1 0 0
Girls' Boots, Shoes, and Calashes, not earceed-
ing 7 Inches in Length, to be charged with Two-
thirds of the above Duties.
— MEN's Boots, doz. pairs
Shoes, doz. pairs - -
Boys' Boots and Shoes, not exceeding 7 Inches
in Length, to be charged with Two thirds of the
above Duties
LEATHEIR, viz.:
Boot-FRoNTs, not ex. 9 inches in height,
doz. pairs
0 15 0 0 15 0
1
8
0
1
8
()
ex. 9 inches in height, doz. pairs ... O 5 6 0
LEATHER cut into shapes, or any article
made of leather, or any manufacture whereof
leather is the most valuable part, not otherwise
enumerated or described, 100l. val. - . 15 0 0 15 0 ()
- GLOVES or LEATIILR, viz.:
—— HABIT Mitts, doz. pairs . - . () 2 4 0 2 1
—- HAbit Gloves, doz. pairs - . 0 3 G () 3 6
* Add 5 per cent. to each Dufy, as mentioned p. 47.
For QuAstºries IM ported, see Miscell AN Eous INFortMAtios, prºfired to
the Journal.


94 UNITED KINGDOM.–IMpoRTs.—Tariff, &c. [1845.
* w ...Rates of Duty.*
CLASS XI. of or from of and from
MANUFACTUREs of LEATHER.—continued. Foreign British
Countries. | Possessions.
GLOWES-continued. £ s. d. £ s. d.
—— MEN's GlovEs, doz. pairs - ... O 3 6 0 3 6
—— Woxies's GLovEs, or MITTs, doz. pairs . 0 4 6 0 4 6
Gloves of leather, unless in ships of seventy tons or upwards, and in packages,
containing one hundred dozen pairs of such gloves, prohibited to be imported
on pain of forfeiture. 3 & 4 Will. 4, c. 52, § 58.
}}y C. O., Oct. 2, 1841, it is stated that, doubt having been entertained whether a quantity of
leathern gloves recently imported into this port, should be charged with duty as women’s
gloves, or as habit gloves, the Board, with a view of estabishing an uniformity of practice,
has ordered, that, in all future importations, where the gloves known in the trade as an
cighth size, shall exceed three inches in length, from the extreme part of the thumb next
the wrist, they shall be charged with the duty payable on women's gloves or mitts; but, if
under that length, as habit gloves.
—— having been worn. See Baggage, CLAss XIX.
PARCIIMENT, doz. sheets . () 6 () () 6 (;
WELLUM, the skin - - - . () 1 () {) J ()
CLASS XII.
CoTTox, IIAIR, LINEN, Wool, AND MANUFACTURES THEREof.
COTTON, IIAIR, LINEN, WOOL, &c., viz.:
It shall be lawful for the Commissioners of Customs to permit any stuffs of
fabrics of silk, linen, cotton, or wool, or of any mixture of them with any
other material, to be taken out of the warehouse to be cleaned, refreshed.
dyed, stained, or calendered, or to be bleached or printed, without payment
of duty of customs, under security, nevertheless, by their bond to their satis-
faction, that such goods shall be returned to the warehouse within the time
that they shall appoint. 3 & 4 Will. 4, c. 57, § 36.
#3ANDSTRING Twist, the doz, knots, each con-
taining 32 yards • - - . () ) () () 2 (§
©ANDLEwick, cwt. - - - . () 8 8 () 4 4
COTTON, MANUFActures of 100l. val. . ... 10 O O 5 0 ()
- YARN, 100l. val. - ... 10 0 () 5 ()
ARTICLEs, or MANUFACTUREs of Cotton,
wholly or in part made up, not otherwise charged
with duty, 100l. val. - • - . 20 0 0 1 0 () ()
By T. O., Feb. and April, 1819, and Aug. 1825, patterns and samples of cotton, useful only as
such, are duty free.
FLAx and Tow, or Copii.I.A of IIEMP or FLAx,
whether dressed or undressed, cwt. • . () () 1 () () }
By 3 & 4 Will. 4, c. 54, § 2, Flax, being the produce of Europe, shall not be
imported into the United Kingdom, to be used therein, except in British
ships, or in ships of the country of which the goods are the produce, or in
ships of the country from which the goods are imported.
FLocks, cwt. - • - e . 0 5 0 0 2 (§
GAUze of Thread, 100l. value - • . 15 0 0 7 10 ()
HAIR, viz.
— CAMELs' HAIR or Wool, lb. - . () () 1 Free.
Cow, Ox, BULL, or ELK IIAIR, cwt. . 0 0 G () () 3
* ADD 5 per cent. to each Duty, as mentioned p. 47.
For QUANTITIES IMPoRTED, see Misceli,ANEous INForMATION, prefired ºn
the Journal.


PART III.] UNITED KINGDOM.–IMports.—Tariff, &c. 95
- x:
CLASS XII. ()f .." 'º. front
CoTToN, HAIR, LINEN, Wool, &c.—continued. Foreign British
Countries. Possessions.
HAIR-continued 30 s. d. £ s. d.
—— GoATs' HAIR, see Wool.
—— HoRse HAIR, cwt. - * , () () 6 0 0 3
—— NOT otherwise enumerated or described
100l. value o 5 () () 2 10 ($
MANUFActuates of Hair or Goats' Wool, or of
Hair or Goats' Wool and any other Material, and
Articles of such Manufacture wholly or in part
made up, not particularly enumerated or other-
wise charged with Duty, 100ſ, value . . 15 () () 7 1 () (;
HNKLE, Unwrought, lb. . * - . () () 6 0 0 :
Wrought, lb. - - c , () 1 () {} () (;
LINEN, or LINEN AND COTTON, viz.:
— CAMBRICs and LAwNs, commonly called
French Lawns, the Piece not exceeding Eight
yards in Length, and not exceeding Seven-Eighths
of a Yard in Breadth, and so in proportion for any
greater or less Quantity:-
— PLAIN, piece - • r , () j () () ) (?
—— Border ED HANDKERCHIEFs, piece . . 0 . () 0 j ()
— — LAwNs of any other sort, not French 100l.
value - o • - . 15 () () 15 () (;
—— LAce TRIAD, 100l. value - . 12 I () () 12 10 ()
Chinese Lace,—We have been favoured with the sight of a very singular production, namely,
cushion bobbin lace made in China. This article was obtained by a British soldier, who was a
lace-maker, at the time the armament advanced up the great river to obstruct the Grand Cana]
and to attack Nankin. It was near this place that the soldier saw the women at work, and, con-
ceiving it to be a great curiosity, he took out his knife, and without ceremony cut off a yard,
which he brought to England. The ground is that of Mechlin, a sort of Brussels, being plaited
at the close, and twisted on the other side of the hole. . It is coarse, having only about four holes
to the inch ; a scalloped pattern is worked into it, by shooting the threads cross-wise, near three
quarters of an inch. It has large prominent spots, in which the hole is closed with not less than
f5 bouts round the pillars. To the naked eye it has the appearance of being made of yellow
Bengal silk, in the gum, but no sooner is the microscope applied than this vanishes, and it has
all the resemblance of being a vegetable substance, as though composed of a sort of fine basket
twig. . Several experiments have been made to ascertain its real quality. I'pon being boiled
it produces a thick, fetid, glutinous substance, and the material had all the appearance of twisted
cotton, though not the least twist can be observed in the thread when in the gum. At a dis-
tance it has somewhat of a shining appearance, as though it were a metallic substance. This is
considered rather important to this district, as it demonstrates that the Chinese wear and use
lace, and that such articles will be in request in that extensive empire, which is said to contain a
third of the human race.--Notts' Review'.
made by the Iſand, commonly called
Cushion or Pillow Lace, whether of Linen, Cot-
ton, or Silken Thread, 100l. value . . 12 10 () 12 1() (;
DAMAsks, sq. yard - - . () () 1() 0 0 1()
—— DAM Ask D1Aprit, sq. yard . - () () 5 0 0 ,
-
—— PLAIN LIN ENs and D1A1:..t, not otherwise
enumerated or described, and whether chequered
or striped with dyed yarn or not. 1901. value . 15 () () 15 () ()
— SAILs, 100l. value - - . 15 () (; 15 () ()
1N Actual. Use of a British Ship, and fit and
necessary for such Ship, and not otherwise dis-
posed of - - - - . Free. Free.
* ADD 5 per cent. to each Duty, as mentioned 47.
For QUANtities IM poºred, see Misch: LLAN pous is rol; M.Arios. prefired to
#he Journal.


96 UNITED KINGDOM.—IMpoRTs.—Tariff, &c. [1845.
- r xk
CIASS XII. Of ...ºf %. from
CoTToN, HAIR, LINEN, &c.—continued. Foreign British
Countries. Possessions.
LINEN, &c.—continued. 3C s. d. C s. d.
—— SAILs, if and when otherwise disposed of,
1001. value - - - - . 15 0 () 15 0 ()
3y C. O., Jan. 29, 1828, sails and cordage of British manufacture, exported from Great Britain
as merchandise, and afterwards returned to the United Kingdom, are in all cases—other
than those in which they are re-imported by bill of store—to be deemed foreign.
-—— MANUFACTUREs of Linen, or of Linen mixed
with Cottom or with Wool, not particularly enu-
merated or otherwise charged with Duty, 100l. val. 15 0 0 13 0 0
It shall be lawful for the Commissioners of Customs to permit any stuffs or
fabrics of silk, linen, cotton, or wool, or of any mixture of them with any
other material, to be taken out of the warehouse to be cleaned, refreshed,
dyed, stained, or calendered, or to be bleached or printed, without payment
of duty of customs, under security, nevertheless by bond to their satisfaction,
that such goods shall be returned to the warehouse within the time that they
shall appoint. 3 & 4 Will. 4, c. 57, § 33.
By C. O., September 19, 1827, samples of foreign linen may be taken out of warehouse with-
out entry or payment of duty, upon bond being given to return the same or pay the duty.
By C. O., Feb. 20, and April 21, 1819, and Aug. 18, 1825, any small pieces of cotton, silk, woollen
or other manufactures, may be admitted to entry, duty free : provided the indulgence be
strictly limited to articles of so small a size as to be useless for any other purposes than as
patterns or samples.
THREAD, not otherwise enumerated or described,
100l. value - - - - . 1 () () () 5 0 0
WOOL, viz.:
BEAVER. lb. - - - . () () (; () () 3
—— CUT and CoMBED, lb. - - . () 1 () () () 6
—— Cox EY, lb. - - - . () () 1 () () I
— Cottox, or WASTE of Cottox Wool, cwt. 0 2 J 1 0 () 4
TARE, &c.
By T. L., March 19, 1821, 2 per cent. is to be allowed for tare on cotton wool from the Brazils
and St. Domingo, and 3 per cent. on cotton wool from all other places exclusive of ropes.)
except in cases where the merchant shall require the actual tare to be ascertained, or where
the officers of the revenue may deem such a proceeding advisable.
By C. O., July 11, 1840, an application having been made for an allowance on two bags of
cotton, imported from Africa in an uncleaned state—that is containing the seed—it is directed
that on any future similar importation, the seed contained in the wool be not charged with
any separate duty, and that an allowance be made for the weight of the seed.
By C. O., March 30, 1841, the following allowances for Tare, being those now made at the
port of Liverpool, are to be adopted at the several ports in the United Kingdom, from the
United States of America:
For New Orleans and Mobile, bales fully roped ... . . . . . . . . . . . 4 per cent.
New York, Charleston, and Savannah, bales 21b. for ropes. ... 3 3 *
All other description of bales without ropes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 3 *
From the East Indies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 23
South America and Alexandria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
3.
And as the bags from places, other than the United States, are unequally roped, the same
number of ropes be placed in the scale, and weighed against the bags; in all cases the tare
being taken of the 100lb. The right of the crown and importer to an actual taring when
required, being reserved.
NEW GROWTII.
Manchestester, April 18, 1844.
We have been favoured with a sample of cotton, produced in India from Sea Island seed,
which appears to be of an exceedingly promising character. It formed, we understand, part of
a small parcel of two bags shipped from Bombay (the exact place of growth not being stated),
and sold last week at Liverpool, where it fetched the high price of 1s. 2d. per pound. It is of
an exceedingly beautiful colour, and generally fine and strong staple, and appears to have been
* ADD 5 per cent. to each Duty, as mentioned p. 47.
For QUANTITIES IMpoRTED, see Misceli,ANEous INForMATION, prefixed to
Ahe Journal.


PART III.] UNITED KINGDOM.–Imports.--Tariff, &c. 97
Rates of Duty.*
CLASS XII. Of or from of and from
CoTTON, HAIR, LINEN, &c.—continued. Foreign British
Countries. | Possessions.
WOOL–continued. # s. d. £ s. d.
the produce of healthy and luxuriant plants; but as it seems to us, not very carefully picked,
being slightly mixed with the produce of inferior pods. . It is, however, as the price justly indi.
cates, an exceedingly valuable description of cotton; and, if it can be grown in Sullicient quanti-
ties, will be found highly important to the manufacturers of this country. The following is the
account given in a Liverpool broker's circular of the parcel sold in that town: –This week, two
bales of cotton of a new growth, imported from Bombay, have been sold at 14q. per pound.
This cotton is much superior to the average of Sea Island, Georgia cotton, being line, silky, very
long, clear, regular, and strong in staple, perfectly clean, and of a beautiful cream colour. This
is an important fact; for, if the culture of this cotton be extended, it will render Great Britain
independent of the supply of Sea Island American cotton; and possibly, by proper attention,
may bring about a supply of cotton that will supersede the use of Bowed and Orleans. The cot.
ton was thought cheap at 14d. per pound.—Cor.
——— IIARCs', lb. - . 0 0 1 Free.
—— SHEEP and LAMBs' Wool, &c.
The duties now chargeable upon the importation of sheep and lambs wool, and
upon wool of the Alpaca and the Llama tribe, and upon Goats wool or hair,
repealed. 7 Vict. c. 16, § 12. [June 6, 1844].
— MANUFACTUREs of Wool, not being Goats'
Wool, or of Wool mixed with Cotton, not parti-
cularly enumerated or described, nor otherwise
charged with duty, 100l. value . • . 15 0 () 5 () 0
—— ARTICLEs of MANUFACTURIs of Woof, not
Goats' Wool, or of Wool mixed with Cotton,
wholly or in part made up, not otherwise charged
with duty, 100l. value . - - . 20 0 () 10 0 0
By T. O., Feb. and April, 1819, and Aug. 1825, patterns and samples of woollens, useful only
as such, are duty free.
It shall be lawful for the Commissioners of Customs to permit any stuffs or
fabrics of silk, linen, cotton, or wool, or of any mixture of them with any
other material, to be taken out of the warehouse, to be cleaned, refreshed,
dyed, stained, or calendered, or to be bleached or printed, without payment
of duty of customs, under security, nevertheless, by bond to their satisfaction,
that such goods shall be returned to the warehouse within the time that they
shall appoint. 3 & 4 Will. 4, c. 57, § 35.
By C. O., November 28, 1820, the lords of the Treasury having considered a letter received
'from Mr. Lack, enclosing, by direction of the Lords of the Committee of Privy Council for
Trade, a report of the Board to that Committee on the petition of Messrs. Bischoff and Co.,
stating some objections to the existing mode of ascertaining the exact ruinºr of yards of
foreign woollen cloth warehoused in this country, and suggesting that an account should be
taken of the number of pieces or half-pieces, instead of the number of yards: their Lordships
direct the Board to comply with the petitioner's request, as far as regards such bales of
woollen cloths as may be warehoused for exportation only ; the Board direct that the same
be duly obeyed, care being taken to distinguish in the accounts the long from the short
cloths.
YARN, RAw LINEN, cwt. - - . () 1 () O 1 ()
—— WoRSTED, lb. - - - . () () 6 () () (6
—— CAMFL or MoHAIR, lb. . r . () () 1 () () 1
CIASS XIII.
GLAss, EARTHENw ARE, AND Porcel AIN.
BEADs and Bugles of GLAss, lb. - . () () 3 () () 3
* App 5 per cent. to each Dufy, as mentioned p. 47.
For QUANTiti Es IM portEn, see Misch:1.L.A.NEoi's IN for MATION, prefired fo
fhe Journal.


iſ


98 UNITED KINGDOM.–IMPoRTs.—Tariff, &c. [1845.
Rates of Duty.*
CLASS XIII. of or from of and from
GLAss, EARTHEN waRE, &c.—continued. Foreign British
Countries. Possessions.
BEADs—continued. £ s. d. £ s. d.
By C. O., Sept. 23, 1836, beads, the substance of which is glass, whether coloured or not; or
even although their appearance may be affected by the addition of wax, or any other mate-
rial, and they are, by such means, made to assume the colour and aspect of pearls, are to be
charged with the rated duty as beads of glass.
By O. C., Oct. 28, 1836, these articles do not cease to be Beads or Bugles within the scope of
the terms in which the rated duties are imposed, although they be strung as necklaces and
have clasps attached to them.
BOTTLES of EARTH or Stoxic, and empty, dozen 0 0 2 0 0 2
— Of GLAss covered with Wicker (not being
Flint or Cut Glass), or of Green or Common
Glass, cwt. - - - - ... O 4 0 0 4 0
And further, on account of the Excise
Duty, cut. - - - - ... O 7 O 0 7 0
Of GLAss, not otherwise enumerated, cwt. 1 0 0 I () ()
Flint and Cut Glass Bottles are to pay duty as mentioned under “ Glass”
below. [C. O., Sept. 3, 1844.]
And further, on account of the Ercise
Duty, cut. [7 Vict. c. 16.J - . () 7 O 0 7 0
Flasks. The duty chargeable upon flasks in which olive oil is imported is
repealed. 7 Vict. c. 16 $ 11. [6 June, 1844.]
By C. O., Sept. 3, 1844, doubts having been entertained whether bottles of flint and cut glass
are chargeable with duty under the above head, or as Flint and Cut Glass the 4100 value,
£30 and further on account of the excise duty, 7s. cwt. as mentioned in the next page. All
bottles of Flint and Cut Glass are to be charged with the latter rate of duty.
By C. O., May 19, 1840, considerable difficulty having been experienced upon the importation
of British bottles filled with foreign wine, in repaying the amount of excise drawback which
was allowed on the exportation of the bottles pursuant to the minute of Nov. 16, 1839, it is
directed that, on all importations of this description, the landing officers are to furnish the
importers with a Certificate, containing an account of the gross number of British bottles
imported by the parties, that such Certificate be then delivered to the proper excise import
officer, for the purpose of having the weight of the bottles calculated and inserted on the
Certificate, as well as the amount of duty chargeable thereon, upon which Certificate the
duty will be received by the collector of excise, who, after signing the same, in proof of the
due receipt of the duty, will return the Certificate to the importer, to enable him to clear the
bottles with the officers of customs.
By C. O., June 26, 1840, as British bottles can easily be distinguished from bottles of foreign
manufacture, and as it appears no danger would be likely to arise to the revenue by dispen-
sing with bills of store for the bottles, upon a declaration being made by the parties that the
same are of British manufacture; and the landing officers being satisfied of the fact, such
bills of store are to be dispensed with accordingly.
CHINA or PROCELAIN, viz.:
——- PLAIN, 100l. val. . - - . 15 0 0 15 0 ()
- PAINTED, GILT, or ORNAMENTED, 100l. val. 20 0 0 20 0 0
EARTHENw ARE, not otherwise enumerated or de-
scribed, 100l. val. - - - . 1 () () () 1 () () ()
ENAMEL, lb. - - - - ... O 2 0 0 2 0
GLASS, viz.:-
-- Crown Glass, or any kind of Window
Glass, not exceeding one-ninth of an inch in thick-
ness, and not being Plate Glass, or German Sheet
Glass, cwt. - • • - 1 10 0 1 10 0
— And further on account of the Ex-
cise Duty, cut, . - - - . 5 3 0 5 3 O
Boxes with Glass. See “Boxes,” Class XIX.
—— Flint and Cut Glass, [including Bottles]
100l. val. - - - - . 30 O 0 30 O O
* ADD 5 per cent. to each Ditty, as mentioned p. 47.
For QUANTITIES IMPoRTED, see MiscellANEous INForMAtion, prefixed to
the Journal.


PART III.] UNITED KINGDOM.–IMPorts.--Tariff, &c. 99
w * - - F.4
CLASS XIII. Of ..º. from
GLAss, EARTHEN waRE, &c.—continued. Foreign British
Countries. | Possessions.
GILASS—continued. # s. d. É s. d.
And further, on account of the Ea:-
cise Duty, cut. [7 Vict. c. 16.] - . 0 7 0 () 7 ()
German Sheet Glass, White or Coloured,
not exceeding one-ninth of an inch in thickness,
and Shades, cwt. • e - . 1 1 0 () | 19 ()
— And further, on account of the Ew-
cise Duty, cut. - - - . 4 4 0 1 A ()
— All Glass exceeding one-ninth of an inch in
thickness; all Silvered or Polished Glass of what-
ever thickness; and Plate Glass, however small
each pane, plate, or sheet, superficial measure,
zºzz. :-
—— Not containing more than 9 square
feet, sq. foot - - - . () 4 () () 4 ()
——— Containing more than 9 square feet,
and not more than 14 square feet, sq. foot ... O 5 () () 5 ()
Containing more than 14 square
feet, and not more than 36 square feet, sq. foot () 6 () () 6 ()
-- containing more than 36 square feet,
sq. foot e - - - ... O 7 () () 7 0
— Glass Manufactures not otherwise enume-
rated or described, and OLD BRoKEN GLAss fit
only to be re-manufactured, cwt. - . 1 () () 1 0 ()
And further, on account of the Ea:-
cise Duty, cut. [7 Vict. c. 16] . • ... O 7 () 0 7 ()
Bottles see preceding page.
By T. L., Dec. 5, 1821, any glass in the dressing or medicine cases of travellers arriving from
abroad, such glass being in actual use, may be passed over by the officers, upon their being
satisfied, upon oath or otherwise, according to the rank of the party, that it was taken from
this country, that it was of British manufacture, and that no drawback of the inland duties
has been paid upon it.
By T. L., Sept. 28, 1842, Cylinders, being German Sheet Glass, are to be included in the duty
imposed on that .." of glass under the general terms “German Sheet Glass, white
or coloured, not exceeding one-ninth of an inch in thickness.”
PAINTINGs on GLAss, 100l. value . . 5 0 () 5 () ()
—— And further, on account of the Ea:-
cise Duty, superficial foot - - ... O 4 () () 4 0
I) ISCS.
By T. L., Dec. 22, 1813, in regard to the duty charged on Discs for the Object Glasses of
Achromatic Telescopes, my Lords authorise the maximum value of this article to be fixed at
15s, the lb, which will have the effect of admitting the same at a duty of 4s. 8d. the Ib, as
heretofore.
REAI)Y RE("KONIN (;.
Showing the duty at one view, from 1 lb to 3 cwt.—Common Glass Bottles.
at per Cwt. at per cwt. at per cwt.
4s. 7s. 4s. 7s. 4s. 7s.
th s, d. s. d. fb s. d. s, d. th s. d. s, d.
1 . . . . () () 0 1 10 0 1 () 8 20 . . . . 0 8 1 3
2 0 1 0 2 11 0 is () 8 21 .... () () 1 4
: 0 1 0 2 12 O 5 () () 22 . . . . () () I j
4. 0 2 0 3 13 0 6 0 l () 23 . . . . () 10 1 5
5 0 2 0 4 1 A 0 6 0 1 1 24 . . . . 0 10 1 6
6 0 3 0. 5 15 0 6 0 1 1 25 . . . . 0 1 1 1 7
7 0 3 0 5 16 0 7 1 0 26 .... 0 1 1 1 8
8 0 3 0 6 17 0 7 1 I 27 I () l 8
9 0 4 0 7 18 () 8 I 2 28 1 () 1 0
10 0 8 l 2
----------- -
* App 5 per cent. to each Duty, as mentioned p. 47.
For Qu'ANtities 1M ported, see Misceli,ANEots IN forMAtios, pref rºl to
fhe Journal.
II


100 UNITED KINGDOM.–IMports.—Tariff, &c. [1845.
+
CLASS XIV. of ºn
SILKs, AND MANUFACTUREs of SILK. dº. Irº,
£ s. d. #6 s. d.
SILK, viz.:
—— KNUBs or HUSKs of Silk, and Waste Silk, cwt. 0 1 0 () () 6
— RAw SILK, lb. • - - . () () 1 0 0 1
—— THRowN SILK, not Dyed, viz. –
- SINGLEs, lb. - • . () 1 () () () 6
- TRAM, lb. . . - - . () 1 () () () 6
——— ORG ANZINE and CRAPI, SILK, lb. . 0 1 0 () () 6
—— THRow N SILK, Dyed, viz.:-
——— SINGLEs or TRAM, lb. - ... O 2 () () 1 ()
———— ORGANZINE or CRAPE SILK, lb. . () 2 () O 1 ()
—— MANUFACTUREs of SILK, or of SILK Mixed
witH ANY OTHER MATERIAL, the produce of
Europe, viz.:-
SILK or S \TIN PLAIN lb. - - . () 11 () -
- Or, and at the option of O. C., 10°l.
value . - - • - . 25 () () -
—— SILK, figured or brocaded, lb. - . () 15 () -
———— Or, and at the option of O. C., 1937. value 3:) () () -
— GAUZE, plain, lb. - - . () 17 () ---
——– Or, and at the option of O. C., 100l. val. 30 0 0 -
— GAUzº, striped, figured, or brocaded, lb. . 1 7 6 -
— Or, and at the option of G. C., 100l. val. 30 0 0 -
— CRAPF, plain, lb. - e • . () 16 () -
——— Or, and at the option of O. C., 1007. val. 30 0 0
CRAPE, figured, lb. • • . () 18 () -
—— Or, at the option of O. C., 100l. val. . .30 () () -
— VELVET, plain, lb. . - • . 1 2 () -
– Or, and at the option of O. C., 100l. val. 30 0 0
— VELvet, figured, lb. . • • . 1 7 6 --
Or, and at the option of O. C., 1007, val. 30 0 () - -
— RIBBoss, embossed, or figured with Velvet, lb. O 17 O -
—— Or, and at the option of O. C., 100l. val. 30 0 () -
t Officers of Customs, to be understood in each case.
AND FURTHER,
———— If mixed with Gold, Silver, or other
Metal, in addition to the above Rates, when the
Duty is not charged according to Palue, lb. . () 10 () ---
—— FANCY SILK NIT, or TR1cot, lb. - . 1 4 () --
—— PLAIN SILK LAct, or NET, called TULLE, sq.
yard s • - e - . () 1 4 --
—— MANUFACTUREs of SILK, or of SILK MIXED
witH ANY otii ER MATERIAL, not particularly
enumerated or otherwise charged with Duty,
100l. val. • - - • . 3() () () 5 () ()
MILLINERY of SILK, or of which the greater
of the Materials is of Silk, viz.:-
—— TURBANs or CAPs, each - - . () 15 () () l 5 ()
——- HATs or BoxNITs cach • - . I 5 () l 5 ()
* ADD 5 per cent. to each Duty, as mentioned p. 47.
For QUANTITIES IM portED, see Miser:LLANEous INFort M ATIos, prefired to
the Journal.


PART III.] UNITED KINGDOM.–IMPorts.—Tariff, &c. 101
Rates of Duty.*
CLASS XIV. * Of or from Of and from
SILKs, AND MANUFACTUREs of SILK–continued. Foreign British
Countries. Possessions.
SILK–continued. £ s. d. £ s. d.
—— DREssFs, each e • - . 2 10 0 2 10 0
- Or, and at the option of O. C., 100l. val. 40 0 0 40 0 9
—— MANUFACTUREs of SILK, or of SILK AND ANY
otheſt MATERIAL AND ARTICLEs of THE SAME,
wholly or in part made up, not particularly
enumerated or otherwise charged with Duty,
100l. value • - - • . 30 0 0 30 0 ()
SILKworxt GUT, 100l. value - - . 20 0 0 20 0 ()
Manufactures of Silk being the manufactures of Europe, unless into the
port of London, or into the port of Dublin direct from Bordeaux, or into
the port of Dover direct from Calais, or into Dover from Boulogne, or
into Southampton, and unless in a ship or vessel of seventy tons or up-
wards, or into the port of Dover in a vessel of the burden of sixty tons
at least, with license of the commissioners of customs, prohibited to be
imported on pain of forfeiture. 3 & 4 Will. 5, c. 52 $ 58; 4 & 5 Will.
4, c. 89, § 6; 5 & 5 Vict. c. 47, § 13.
It shall be lawful for the commissioners of customs to permit any stuffs or
fabrics of silk, linen, cotton, or wool, or of any mixture of them with any
other material, to be taken out of the warehouse to be cleaned, refreshed,
dyed, stained, or calendered, or to be bleached or printed, without payment
of duty of customs, under security, nevertheless, by bond to their satisfaction,
that such goods shall be returned to the warehouse within the time that they
shall appoint. 3 & 4 Will. 4, c. 57, § 35. See Baggage, Class XIX.
By C. O., June 27, 1786, an allowance is to be made of not more than 10 Ib per cent. upon the
100 lb weight on Bologna packages of silk, and of 8 lb upon the 100 lb weight on Messina
packages thereof.
By T. O., Feb, and April, 1819, and Aug. 1825, patterns and samples of silk, useful only as
such, are duty free. - -
By C. O., Feb. 27, 1827, the duty is to be charged on wrought silks, upon any fractional part
of a pound not less than one ounce.
By T. L., September 16, 1835, vestments for Roman Catholic Priests not to be introduced duty
free without a special order from this Board. T. O., Sept. 16, 1835,
By C. O., Jam. 25, 1843, in order to ascertain with greater accuracy and facility the various
tares to be allowed upon manufactured silks, the weights at present in use are to be discon-
tinued, and, in lieu thereof, the pound weight is to be divided into one hundred parts, and
weights of the following description are to be adopted for taring only, viz. –
100th parts.
One pound, 50, 25, 15, 10, 5, 3, 2, 1.
In future, the following practice is to be pursued, ric. :—
When the draft is under 1 cwt., the oz. weight to be used.
1 cwt. and under 2 cwt., not less than 2 oz. to be used,
2 cwt. and under 3 cwt., not less than 3 oz. to be used,
And so on, at the rate of 1 oz. for every 1 cwt.
EXAMPLES.
PLAIN SILK RIBBoxs.
Cartoons l Parts Parts
- 1 cartoon, taret - - - - - 75 _ F * ~ * – T | * :
w { 3 of 18 pieces, tared 15 parts each =9) } = 165 × 7=1155
1 cartoon, tared . . . . . . =70 \ ._o. — Qwo sº.
9 { 1 of 6 garnitures, tared each 30 º) ==250 x 9=2250
- 31'05 or 34 ft)
Thirty-four pounds, A. B. Landing Surveyor.
* App 5 per cent. to each Duty, as mentioned p. 47.
For QUANTITIES IMPORTED, see MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION, prºfia cil to
the Journal.


102 UNITED KINGDOM.–IMpoRTs.—Tariff, &c. [1845.
w * Rates of Duty.*
CLASS XIV. of or from of and from
SILKs, AND MANUFACTUREs of SILK–continued. c. P tº.
intries. OSSCSSlonS.
SILK.—continued. #0 s. d. £ s. d.
EXAMPLES—continued. -
OR,
1 cartoon, tared . . . . .
8 { 3 of is pieces, tared in parts cach- i. } == 120 | 8–960
1 cartoon, tared . . . . . 78
5 { 1 of 6 garnitures, tared each , 38–228 =306 || 5=1530
24'00
16
14°40
24 lb 14 oz.
Twenty-four pounds and fourteen ounces, A. B., Landing Surveyor.
CLASS XV. —NAVAL STorbs,
BAST Ropes, Twin Es, and STRANDs, cwt. . () 5 0 () 2 (;
CABLES (not being Iron Cables), tarred or untarred,
cwt. . 0 6 () O 3 ()
- º - -
not being Iron Cables, in actual use of a
British ship, and being fit and necessary for such
ship, and not, or until, otherwise disposed of . Free. Free.
if and when otherwise disposed of 100l. val. 10 0 0 5 () ()
By T. L., Oct. 17, 1844, the duty is to be charged at the rate of £ 10 per cent. upon Old
Cables, taken from Foreign Ships, provided the same be rendered wholly unserviceable by
reduction into lengths not exceeding three fathoms,
CoIR RoPE, Twix.E, and STRAND's, cwt. ... O 2 6 0 1 3
Old and new, cut into lengths not exceeding three feet each, to be admitted at the duty of 6d.
per ton. See RAGs, Class XIX.
CORDAGE, tarred or untarred (standing or running
Rigging in use excepted), cwt. • •
in actual use of a British ship, and being
ſit and necessary for such ship, and not, or until,
() (; () () 3 ()
otherwise disposed of • - . Free. Free.
if, and when otherwise disposed of 1007.
value • • - • . 5 () () 2 10 ()
HEMP, dressed, cwt. - • () 4 () 0 2 ()
—— rough, or undressed, or any other vegetable
substance of the nature and quality of undressed
Hemp, and applicable to the same purposes, cwt. 0 0 1 () () 1
By 3 & 4 Will. 4, c. 54, § 2, hemp, being the produce of Europe, shall not be im-
ported into the United Kingdom, to be used therein, except in British ships,
or in ships of the country of which the goods are the produce, or in ships of
the country from which the goods are imported.
SOCIETY OF ARTS.–FEB. 7, 1844.
W. Tooke, Esq., V.P., in the chair. The secretary read a short account of Mr. Albano's new
composition called “carnabic,” numerous specimens being arranged around the room. The
chief ingredient in this composition is hemp, which, in connexion with other materials, undergoes
a chemical process before being made, by means of machinery, into sheets of from six to seven feet
in length and about forty inches in width; it may be formed into any required shape, and is
peculiarly adapted for mouldings, cornices, &c. This material is only about one-sixth of the
weight of the composition ordinarily used, and under one-fourth of papier mache. The compo-
* ADD 5 per cent. to each Duty, as mentioned p. 47.
For QUANTITIES IMPORTED, see MiscELLANEous INForMATION, prefired to
the Journal.


PART III.] UNITED KINGDOM.–IMPorts-Tariff, &c. 103
w r Rates of J)uty.*
CLASS XV. of or from of and from
NAVAL StoREs—continued. Foreign British
Countries. | Possessions.
HEMP—continued. £ s. d. £ s. d.
sition ordinarily used requires a long time before it is ready to receive paint and gilding, and if
hurried by artificial heat, will crack to a very considerable extent. The least blow will cause
fractures in it, whereas the new material is exceedingly tough, and may be thrown on the ground
without injury. It may remain in water for any period, and it already has been applied success-
fully in France as a covering for roofs, and also for water-buckets.
OAKUM, cwt. - e - - . 0 () 1 0 0 1
PITCH, cwt. - - - - . () () 6 0 0 1
By c. O., Nov. 2, 1797, tare on pitch in Archangel casks, 93 lb each; in Swedish casks 36 lb
each; and in American casks, 56 lb each.
Rosin, or RESIN, cwt. - - e . () 2 () 0 1 ()
ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.—PARIs, FEB. 12, 1841.
A memoir by M. Lewy, on the resin of Magnas, so called from a province of that name in
America. According to M. Goudot, who submitted the specimen to M. Lewy, it is furnished by
calophyllum calobri, a beautiful tree, found in the plains of the Oronoco. It is extracted by
incision. In its fresh state this resin is white and limpid, but it thickens in the air, and becomes
yellowish. Its external characters resembles most resins; but when purified by solution in boil-
ing alcohol, it assumes the form of small transparent prisms.
This resin was preserved in the collections of the Museum of the Jardin des Plantes, under the
name of storax of Cayenne; but it has neither the characters nor the composition of the balsam
generally called in France storax, Styraw calumite, which is extracted by incisions into the Styraw
officinale. ::::33
It occurs under the form of small masses, or opaque grains, of a yellowish-white, and mixed
with some remains of bark. The odour is sweet and very agreeable, heat and pulverization
slightly increasing it. They are friable, break between the teeth, and thºn present only a very
feeble taste. Their fracture is white, traversed by some yellowish veins. They abandon nothing
to water, and do not disengage any volatile substance when distilled with it.
It is of all resins the least soluble in alcohol.—M. F. Scribe in Chemist, Sept. 1844.
SHIPS to be broken up, with their Tackle, Apparel,
and Furniture (except Sails), viz.
Foreign Ships or Wessels, 100l. val. . . 25 0 O 25
Foreign Ships broken up, 100. yal. . . 1 () () () 1
—— British Ships or Vessels, entitled to be regis-
tered as such, and not having been built in the
United Kingdom • • - - - Free.
By c. o., Dec. 16, 1835, no higher duty is chargeable upon the wrecks of “ British ships or
vessels entitled to be registered as such, not having been built in the United Kingdom,”
than is payable on such ships when to be broken up.
TAR, the Last, containing 12 Barrels, each Barrel
not exceeding 31; Gallons • - . () 2 6 () () 6
By 3 & 4 Will. 4, c. 54, § 2, tar, being the produce of Europe, shall not be im-
ported into the United Kingdom, to be used therein, except in British ships,
or in ships of the country of which the goods are the produce, or in ships of the
country from which the goods are imported.
TURPENTINE, viz.:-
–––– not being of greater value than 9s. per
cwt., cwt. - - • - . () () 1 () () 1
—— from 9s. to 15s, value per cwt., cwt. () 1 () () () 3
——— above 15s. value per cwt., cwt. . () 5 () () 2 6
Twixe, cwt. - - - - , () 1 () () 0 5 0
YARN, Cable Yarn, cwt. . • - . () 6 0 0 3 ()
* And 5 per cent. to each Duiy, as meationed p. 17.
For QUANTITIES IMPORTED, see M1-cKLIA Spot's IN Fort MATIox, prºfited to
the Journal.


104 UNITED KINGDOM.–IMPoRTs.—Tariff, &c. [1845.
Rates of Duty.*
CLASS XVI. Of or from | Of and from
Foreign British
- - - N -
Stones, BRICKs, AND TILEs. Countries, Possessions,
30 s. d. £ s. d.
BRicks or CLINKERs (Dutch), 1,000 - . 0 1 0 () () 5 ()
- — other Sorts, 1,000 - . 0 15 0 0 7 6
CHALk, unmanufactured, and not otherwise enu-
merated, 100l. value . - - . 5 () 0 2 10 0
——— prepared or manufactured, and not otherwise
enumerated, 100l. value - - . 1 () () () 5 0 0
Gypsuyſ, ton - - - - . 1 11 8 () 1 3
When gypsum was proposed as a mamure, it was at first laughed at and ridiculed, especially
by those who knew least of its properties and powers; and then it was used for everything, and
for every crop, in defiance of the remonstrances of its early advocates, who warmed the agricultu-
rist that it operated only as a direct food for some plants, and that only three commonly-culti-
vated grasses contained it in sensible proportions-lucerne, sainfoin, and red clover, to which
may be added the turnip. The failure, therefore, of gypsum, in the first instance, was general
and complete; time, however, enlightened its enemies—for time polishes even a block of granitc
—and gypsum is now generally and scientifically used to these four crops only ; for it does not,
like salt, possess properties useful to vegetables of all kinds.-C. W. Johnson's Observations on
Salt.
As to ALABASTER, see “Stone in this Class.
PLAISTER of PARIs, ton . - - . 1 () () 1 () ()
STONE, viz.:-
—— SToxE, IN LUMPs, NoT IN ANY MANNER
HEwN ; SLATE, AND MARBLE, IN Rough BLocks
or SLABs ; LIMEston E ; FLINT STONEs ; FEL-
spAR AND SToxEs For Potters' Use ; PEBBLE
SToxEs; SToxE To BE USED Foſt THE PURPose of
LITIIoGRAPIIY . - - - . Free. Free.
Recent Discoveries in Egypt.-Behind the tent of the overseer, I discovered the remains of an
inscription, recently much longer, but still containing the name and title of the wife, so much
honoured by the Egyptians, of the first Amasis, the founder of the eighteenth dynasty which
drove out the Hyksos. engraved in clear, sharply cut, hieroglyphics. These are the first alabaster
quarries whose age can be proved by an inscription; upwards of 300 blocks, the largest eight fect
long, two thick, have been cut out during the last four months.-Athenaeum, March 2, 1844.
——— Sto.NE, IN BLocks, shaped, or rough scalped,
ton - - - - - . 0 2 0 0 0 6
By T. O., June 30, 1835, it appears blocks can be converted into slabs only by sawing: all slabs
are to be deemed rough slabs if they have been cut from a rough block, and have undergone
no polishing subsequent to the sawing.
GRANITE.
By C. O., Sept. 8, 1843, upon an application requesting that broken granite, imported from
the Channel Islands, may be delivered without the production of a certificate of produce, as
no duty is now payable on broken granite, certificates of produce are in future to be dispensed
with upon the importation thereof, from the said islands, or from any of the British pos-
sessions.
——— StoxE AND SLATE, HEWN, ton - . () 10 0 0 1 ()
—— MARBLE, sawN INTo SLABs, or otherwise
MANUFACTURED, cwt. . - - ... O 3 0 0 1 6
By T. L., Sept. 30, 1842, the permission granted by their Lordships’ order of 30 June, 1835, is
so far renewed as to admit, duty free, all slabs of marble which have been cut from a rough
block, and have undergone no polishing subsequent to the sawing, provided such slabs shall
exceed four inches in thickness.
Sculptures or models, first made in the United Kingdom, copies or casts of,
prohibited to be imported on pain of forfeiture. 6 Geo. 4, c. 107, § 53.
Right and property of Sculpture, Models, &c.—Every person who shall make
any new and original sculpture, or model, or copy, or cast of the human
* ADD 5 per cent, to each Duty, as mentioned p. 47.
For QUANTITIES IMPORTED, see Misceli,ANEous INForMATION, prefixed to
the Journal.


PART III.] UNITED KINGDOM.–IMPonts.--Tariff, &c. 105
CLASS XVI. Rates of Duty.*
|
|
Of o m . Of and from
Ston Es, BRICKs, AND TLLEs, &c.—continued. Fereign Britis
Countries. | Possessions.
STONE–continued. £ s. d. & S. d.
figure, or of any bust, or of any part of the human figure, clothed in dra-
pery, or otherwise, or of any animal, or of any part of any animal combined
with the human figure, or otherwise, or of any subject being matter of
invention in sculpture, or of any alto or basso-relievo representing any of the
things hereinbefore mentioned, or any cast of the things hereinbefore men-
tioned, whether separate or combined, shall have the sole right and property
of the same, for the term of fourteen years, from first putting forth cr pub-
lishing the same; provided, in every case, that the proprietor do cause his
name, with the date, to be put on every such sculpture, model, copy, or cast,
before the same shall be put forth or published. 54 Geo. 3, c. 56, § 1.
Pirating, or Illegally Importing.—If any person shall, within such term of
fourteen years, import any pirated copy or pirated cast of any such sculpture,
or model or copy, or cast to the detriment of the proprietor of any such work
so pirated, then the proprietor, or his assignee, may by a special action upon
the case, to be brought against the person so offending, receive such damages
as a jury, on a trial of the action, shall give or assess, together with double
costs of suit. § 3.
Purchasers of Copyrights.-No person who shall hereafter purchase the right
| or property of any sculpture, or model, or copy, or cast, or of any of the
things protected by this Act, of the proprietor, shall be subject to any action
| for the same. § 4.
Additional Term.—From the expiration of the said term of fourteen years, the
sole right of any of the things hereinbefore mentioned shall return to the
person who originally made the same, if he be then living, for the further term
of fourteen years, excepting in the case where such person shall, by sale or
otherwise, have divested himself of such right of making or disposing of the
same. § 6.
INTERNATIONAL COPY-RIGHT. See Books, Class XIX.
TILEs, 100l. value - o o ... 10 () 0 5 0 0
CLASS XVII.
CofFEE, Coco A, TEA, AND ToBAcco.
COFFEE, Ib. [7 Vict. c. 16] • - . () () 6 0 0 <!
No abatement of the duties payable upon coffee, found Derelict, Jetsam, Flot-
sam, or Wreck, shall be made or allowed, 5 & 6 Wict. c. 47. [July 9, 1842].
East India Certificate.—Whereas by 5 & 6 Will. 4, c. 66, § 2, relating to the
Customs, it is enacted that no coffee shall be entered as being the produce of
any British possession within the limits of the East India Company's Charter,
unless the master of the ship importing the same shall have delivered to the
Collector or Controller a certificate, the same is hereby repealed. 7 Vict.
c. 16, § 13. [June 6, 1844].
By 3 & 4 Will. 4, c. 52, § 37, coffee, cocoa, or spirits, which shall be entered
as being of the produce of some British possession in America, or the island
of Mauritius, the master of the ship importing the same shall deliver to the
Collector or Controller a certificate, under the hand of the proper officer of
the place where such goods were taken on board, testifying that proof had
been made in manner required by law, that such goods are of the produce of
some British possession in America, or of the island of Mauritius, stating the
name of the place where such goods were produced, and the quantity aud
* App 5 per cent. to each Duty, as mentioned p. 47.
For QUANTITIEs IMPoRTED, see MiscLLLANEoUs INFORMATION, prºftwed to
the Journal.


106 UNITED KINGDOM.–IMPorts.—Tariff, &c. [1845.
Rates of Duty.*
CLASS XVII. Of or from of and from
CoFFEE, Coco A, TEA, AND TobAcco—continued. Foreign British
Countries. | Possessions.
COFFEE.—continued. £ s. d. £ s, d.
quality of the goods, and the number and denomination of the packages con-
taining the same, and the name of the ship in which they are laden, and of
the master thereof; and such master shall also make and subscribe a decla-
ration before the Collector or Controller, that such certificate was received by
him at the place where such goods were taken on board, and that the goods
so imported are the same as are mentioned therein.
Damage.—By 3 & 4 Will. 4, c. 52, § 32, no abatement of duties shall be made
on account of any damage received by coffee.
Abandonment.—It shall be lawful for the Commissioners of Customs to accept
the abandonment, for the duties, of any quantity of warehoused coffee, and
to cause or permit the same to be destroyed, and to deduct such quantity of
coffee from the total quantity of the same importation, in computing the
amount of the deficiency of such total quantity. 3 & 4 Will. 4, c. 57, § 33.
By T. L., March 6, 1810, coffee imported from British possessions in the husk, may be allowed
to be taken out of bond for the purpose of having the husk removed, lipon the parties giving
security by bond to return the goods to the bonded warehouse after the operation has been
completed, under deduction of a proper allowance for tare; upon condition that in each
case an allowance be made by actual experiment, for shells and husks, and that a sample
be taken by the officers, previously to the removal of the coffee from the warehouse, and
that the party undertake to pay the duty on any deficiency that may arise beyond such
allowance.
By C, O., Oct. 14, 1825, 2 oz. the bag allowed for sample when warehoused.
SPECIES.
Coffea Arabica : Coffea Bengalensis.-Of these two species, the first is known as Kawa, and
the second as bunkawa, in the Bengallee language. There are ten species of the coffee tree.
but only one is found native in India, and that is believed to be of the Mocha kind, though the
latter has also been introduccd.
The cultivation of this important crop is gradually spreading, and being adopted in many
parts of Hindostan,—Johnson’s Agriculture of Hindustan.
COCOA, lb. [7 Vict. c. 16] • - . () () 2 0 0 1
——— Husks and Shells, lb. e e . () () 1 0 0 0}
COCOA PASTE AND CHOCOLATE, lb. . () () 6 0 0 2
By 3 & 4, Will. 4, c. 52, § 32, no abatement of duties shall be made on account
of any damage received by Cocoa.
It shall be lawful for the commissioners of customs to accept the abandon-
ment, for the duties, of any quantity of warehoused cocoa, and to cause or
permit the same to be destroyed, and to deduct such quantity of cocoa from
the total quantity of the same importation, in computing the amount of the
deficiency of such total quantity. 3 & 4 Will. 4, c. 57, § 33.
No abatement of the duties payable upon Cocoa found Derelict, Jetsam, Flot-
sam, or Wreck, shall be made or allowed. 5 & 6 Wict. c. 47, § 17. [July 9,
1842.]
CARAWAUNI MOUNTAINS.
Mr. Schomburgk and Mr. Goodall set off by land across the Carawauni mountains, and
crossed great savannahs, and Manica swamps, abounding with a species of cocoa. (Theobroma),
from the seeds of which they made excellent chocolate, and thus taught the Indians a valuable
art, of which they were previously ignorant.-The Chevalier Schomburgk's Eapedition in
British Guiana. - - -
At the fourteenth meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science, on
Saturday, Sept. 28, 1844.—Mr. Schomburgk communicated a paper, entitled ‘Description of
Lightia lemniscata, a new genus of the family Buttneriacaea.”—The Buttneriaceae are very
common in Guiana, and in some districts the author met with whole forests of the chocolate nut
tree, a plant belonging to this family.
TEA, lb. - e • • ... O 2 1 0 2 1
No abatement of the duties payable upon tea found Derelict, Jetsam, Flotsam,
* ADD 5 per cent. to each Duty, as mentioned p. 47.
For QUANTITIES IMPORTED, see MISELLANEOUS INFORMATION, prefixed to
the Journal.


PART III.] UNITED KINGDOM.–IMPorts-Tariff, &c. 107
CLASS XVII.
CoFFEE, Coco A, TEA, AND TobAcco—continued.
TEA-continued.
or Wreck, shall be made or allowed. 5 & 6 Wict. c. 47, § 17. [July 9,
1842.]
Places.—By 3 & 4 Will. 4, c. 101, § 1, from April 22, 1834, it shall be lawful
to import any tea into the United Kingdom from the Cape of Good Hope
and from places eastward of the same to the Straits of Magellan, and not from
any other place.f
. + HONG KONG.
By O. C., Feb. 24, 1840, it is stated that it appears that teas have been, or may be, water-
borne at Canton in other vessels and received on board the importing vessel at her most
convenient place of anchorage off Hong Kong, or other parts of the outward coast of China.
Their lordships consider this to be a good and legal lading of the cargo which comes from
Canton, and not from Hong Kong; and, consequently, a first landing at Hong Kong was
not necessary.
The reasons for the vessel's lying off the open coast for her lading are immaterial : they
might be nautical, or fiscal, or political: it is sufficient that the parties deemed it proper
to adopt such a course, and that the relative positions of the places at which the tea was
waterborne and shipped for the voyage are such as to preclude the opinion that the whole
voyage was not or may not be performed by the importing vessel.
Their lordships are therefore of opinion that tea, waterborne at Canton, and received on
board the importing British ship at the most convenient place on the coast, for the purpose
of taking in her cargo, is held to be imported from Canton, and consequently admissible for
consumption in this country.—See CHINA, part XI.
Draft.—By § 2, the allowance called draft now made by the commissioners of
excise in the weighing of tea shall be made by the commissioners of customs
under the authority of this Act. [See next page.]
r Lamage.—By § 4, no abatement of duty shall be made on account of damage
received by any tea during the voyage; but it shall be lawful for the importer
to separate the damaged parts, and to abandon the same to the commis-
sioners of customs for the duty.
Mired Tea.—By $ 5, if different sorts of tea mixed together be imported in the
same package, the whole shall be liable to the highest rate of duty to which
any of such sorts would be separately liable ; and if two or more sorts of tea
not perfectly mixed together be imported in one package, the same shall be
forfeited. [Now only one rate of duty, as before mentioned.]
Former Laws.-By $ 6, nothing hereinbefore contained shall alter or affect any
law of Excise relating to licenses for the sale of tea, or relating to permits for
the removal of tea, or otherwise to the internal management of tea by the
commissioners of excise, after the duties of importation on the same shall
have been paid, and after the same shall have been delivered out of the charge
of the officers of customs.
Permits.-By $ 7, it shall be lawful for the Lords of His Majesty's Treasury,
by any warrant or order under the hands of any two or more of them, to
discontinue the practice of requiring and issuing permits for the removal of
tea, and to make and establish any other rules, either of customs or excise, in
lieu of of such practice, as to them shall, after the discontinuance of the same,
appear necessary for the security of the revenue.
Surreys and Permits.-By C. O. Feb. 17, 1836, surveys and permits in the tea-trade
abolished.
Re-import.—By 3 & 4 Will. 4, c. 52, § 33, tea shall not be re-imported into
the United Kingdom for home use upon the ground that the same had
been legally exported from thence, but the same shall be deemed to be foreign
goods, whether originally such or not, and shall also be deemed to be im-
ported for the first time into the United Kingdom.
Stock.-By 3 & 4 Will. 4, c. 93, § 111, from Aug. 28, 1833, all enactments
and provisions directing the East India Company to provide for keeping a
stock of tea shall be repealed.
As to deficiencies and increases on re-weighing, sce Exports. Part IV.


108 UNITED KINGDOM.–IMPoRTs.—Tariff, &c. [1845.
CLASS XVII.
CofFEE, Coco'A, TEA, AND TobAcco—continued.
TEA-continued.
PORTS, WAREHOUSES, AND GENERAL REGULATIONS,
By C. O., July 10, 1834, for giving effect to the Order of the Lords of the Treasury, dated
3rd instant, permitting tea to be imported and warehoused at the undermentioned ports
*:::... :--
Iſox box, LEIT II, DUBLIN,
Liv ER Pool, GL Asgow, BELFAST,
BRIs'Fol, GREEEN OCK, CoR K,
HU Li, Poſt T-G LAs (, OW, and
N1;wo As ti.E-U Pox-TYNE– WATERFor D–from July 1.
'ſ'. O. Sept. 23, 1834, 1836, T. O. Aug. 26, 1835.
Wii 13, Eii Av EN--from July 1. [Sec the List in WARElious ING,
1836, T. O. Aug. 26, 1835. Part VIII.
and also allowing the remoral thereof from the original port of importation to any of the
other warehousing ports in the United Kingdom, for the purpose of being re-warehoused for
home consumption; and the Surveyors-General having submitted the following propositions
for the approval of the Board, viz.:-
1st. That ſhe warehouses which may be approved for the deposit of tea be ea clusively appro-
priated to that purpose. [See the next page.]
2ndly, That the articles be weighed and examined at the time of importation, the officers
taking care that all the packages imported in each vessel be “scribed” with a progressive
number, with the initials of the vessels and the master’s names, and gross landing
weight, and that the duty be charged according to the quantity and quality then
ascertained.
3rdly. That no packagºs he allowed to be divided into smaller packages (except for the purpose
of stores", nor the mixing of tea, of any sort or sorts, be permitted in the warehouses either
for home consumption or exportation.
4thly. That the packages be sorted and arranged in the warehouse by the occupier, according
to their respective “chops” or “beds” so as to enable the officers to select from each the
required number of packages for taring, and to ascertain the proper tare to be allowed on the
packages in each “chop” or “bed,” and that the rule to be observed, as to number of
chests to be turned out in each “chop” or “bed,” being of the same size and description
of tea, be as follows, viz.:-
1 to 5– 5 chests of the same size and description of teas 1 turned out.
6 to 40– 40 - - - • - - :3 ditto.
41 to 80— 80 - - - - - - 4 or 5 ditto.
81 to 120– 120 - - - - - - 5 ditto.
121 to 200— 200 - - - - - - 6 ditto.
201 to 300— 300 - - - - - - 8 ditto.
301 to 500— 5t)0 - - - - - - 10 ditto,
501 to 800— 800 - - - - - - 12 ditto.
801 and upwards - - - - - - 16 ditto.
Draft.—And that, in addition to the tare, an allowance for draft be made of lib upon each
package exceeding 281b. gross, to be deducted from the foot of the landing account.
5thly, Earport.—That tea entered for ea portation be previously weighed, and any deficiency
of the landing quantity charged with duty, unless such tea be depositcq in a warehouse of
special security.
6thly. Samples.—That the officers be authorised under the Regulation Act to draw samples
of tea, not exceeding three ounces of each description and quality, unless under special cir-
cumstances, such samples to be disposed of as the board may see fit to direct. And that the
merchants or proprietors of the goods be allowed to take the like quantity as samples under
the 31st section of the General Warehousing Act.
By C. O., Oct. 13, 1834, samples of tea referred to in the General Order of the 10th July last
may be drawn under an order from the officers in the warehousing department, who should
note the same in the registers at the foot of each merchant’s account; and all subsequent
samples to be delivered under the authority of the locker in charge of the warehouse, subject
to the following regulations; the said officer being required to note the several transactions
in the respective merchant’s accounts:—
1st. That authorised parties requiring second or subsequent samples do present to the lockers
a request specifying the description and quality of tea, manifest marks, and number of
packages from which the salne are to be drawn.
2ndly. That an equal quantity of tea of similar description be deposited in a bag or other pack-
age belonging to the respective merchants, prior to second or any subsequent samples
being delivered ; the returned samples that are to be deposited being checked daily by the
locker with the delivery orders for the same, viz., by his weighing the total quantities re-
ceived back, in lieu of those for which orders have been received and acted upon.
That if the entire importation of any one description of tea, in a particular entry, be cleared
for home consumption, the samples that may have accumulated thereon be delivered with-
out entry or payment of duty, on application to the warehouse-keeper’s department: but
that, upon such tea as may be delivered for exportation or stores, a proportionate part of
the accumulated samples be charged with duty, whether the goods be deposited in ware-
houses of special security or otherwise, unless the same shall have been returned at the time
of show, or previous to delivery into their respective packages; it being distinctly under-
stood, that the quantities of the samples are to be similar to those heretofore allowed by the


PART III.] UNITED KINGDOM.–IMPorts.-Tariff, &c. 109
CLASS XVII.
CoFFEE, Coco A, TEA, AND ToBAcco—continued.
TEA-conntiued.
East India Company, viz., 1, 2, 2}, or 3 ounces, according to the description or quality of
the tea, not exceeding in any case 3 ounces to each person bearing the sampling order from
the merchant or other proper person; and that in cases where tea may be warehoused for
exportation only, and a second sample shall be required, 1 oz. of each description or quality
be allowed to be taken, an equal quantity being returned into the packages from whence the
sample shall have been drawn.
7thly. Accounts.-Relates to the Landing Waiters’ and Warehouse-keepers' Accounts.
8thly. Hemoval from Port to Port—-Warehouses.—That the removal ºf Teas from the origi-
mal Ports of Importation to any other warehousing Port, in the United Kingdom for the
purpose of being rewarehoused for Home Consumption, do take place under the Regulations
and conditions specified in the General Orders of the 14th June, 1831, and 3rd November,
1832, in regard to the removal of articles the produce of the East Indies, and that Tea so
remored be allowed to be deposited in Warehouses or Floors which may hare already been
approred for other Goods.
By C. O., Oct, 7, 1833, and Dec. 17, 1834, tea is allowed to be removed coastwise under bond
from one warehousing port to another, without being re-weighed at the port of destination,
either for home consumption, or to be shipped for use as stores.
MAURITIUS.
A recent letter received from the Mauritius mentions the success which has attended the
efforts of a private individual, M. Jaunet, in the cultivation of the tea-plant in the island.
Chinese labourers have been hired to assist him in the farther culture of this important plant;
the expense to be borne by the Colonial government: others have also been engaged for a simi-
lar purpose in the Queen’s Botanical Garden.—Lit. Gaz. Jan. 20, 1844.
HIMAYLAYA MOUNTAINS.
ROYAL ASIATIC s () ("I ETY.
April 24, 1844.—Dr. Royle delivered an interesting lecture on an evening meeting of this
society “On the cultivation of tea in the Himalaya Mountains.” The lecturer first adverted to
the many points requiring attention before the successful cultivation of plants in new localities
could be insured. IIc mentioned the great difficulty exºerienced with regard to the tea-cultiva-
tion in obtaining any correct information from China cil the subject. It appeared that the tea-
lant was cultivated in China from 17° to 36° of N. lat; ; but the black teas of commerce chiefly
rom 27° to 289; and the green from 28° to 31° of N. lat., in soils rather poor than rich, and in
a climate subject to great extremes. , Dr. Royle then adverted to the relative positions of China
and India, and called attention especially to the Himalayan Mountains, as containing the same
varieties of climate as was found in the tea-districts of China. From the nature of the plants
found in the Himalayas, Dr. Royle had long thought that the tea-plant could be cultivated there;
and in 1827, and again in 1831, he recommended to the Indian government the desirability of
making the attempt. In 1832 Dr. Wallich presented a paper to the Board of Control on the
subject; and in 1834 Dr. Royle, in the third number of his Illustrations of Himalayan Botany,
gave an essay on the cultivation of tea in the Himalayas, which coincided remarkably with a
report sent from India at the same time by Dr. Falconer. With the sanction of the Court of
Directors, he determined upon making the experiment; and in 1831 a committee was formed,
reports called for, and Messrs. Gordon and Gutzlaff were sent to China to obtain seeds, informa-
tion, and workmen. After visiting the Ankoy Tea-hills, and obtaining seeds, these gentlemen
were recalled on the discovery of the tea-plant of Assam. The seeds were sown at Calcutta, and
the secdlings distributed to the tea-nurseries; but only 500 reached Assam alive: 1326 reached
the hill-nurseries in 1836, . In Dec. 1838 Dr. Falconer wrote that the tea-plant was thriving
vigorously in two, and had flowered in three, of the above nurseries. In 1841, 5000 plants were
flourishing; many of them bushy shrubs, about five feet high. In 1842, nine Chinese tea-manu-
facturers, who had been in Assam, were sent to the tea-nurseries in Kumaon and Gurhwal, who
immediately recognised the plant under cultivation as the genuine Chinese, and of a superior
quality to that grown in Assam. In 1843 the Chinamen prepared some tea from the above
plants, which was considered, in Calcutta, to be marketable in London at about 2s 6d. per pound.
In 1843, sixteen canisters of black (Pouchong) tea were forwarded to London, il although
somewhat damaged on the voyage, the tea was valued at from 2s. 6d. to 3s. per pound. The
lº. and flavour of the best samples were unexceptionable, and fully justified the opinion
lat the tea-shrub in the Kumaon plantations is the genuine China plant. I)r. Royle read seve-
ral letters and statements on the now flourishing state of the nurseries. They contained, at the
time of the latest accounts, about 100,000 plants, and the Court of Directors had ordered that one-
half of the produce should be sent to this country, in order that the quality may be clearly ascer-
tained, and extensively made known. , 1)r. Falcomer, who was present, then addressed the meet-
ing, and gave his reasons for the opinions he had entertained respecting the fitness of the Hima-
layas for the cultivation of the tea-plant; and called especial attention to the eligibility of the
Deyra Dhoom for the extended culture, there being in that district an abundance of cleared land
at a moderate rent, cheap labour in the vicinity, great facilities.
CONSUMPTION OF TEA BY EACH PERSON.
In an application to Government in February 1844, it is stated amongst other matters, that
the consumption of tea was in the United Kingdom, -
Per head.
lib oz.
1811, with a population of 18,547,720, the consumption Was. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 : 10
1821, with a population of 21,193, 158, the consumption was... . . . . . . . . . . . I () ºx
1831, with a population of 24,029,702, the consumption was...... . . . . . . . ] 3'ſ):
1841, with a population of 26,711,694, the consumption was... . . . . . . . . . . 1 :, it;


110 UNITED KINGDOM.–IMpoRTs.—Tariff, &c. [1845.
Rates of Duty.*
CLASS XVII. Of or from Of and from
CoFFEE, Coco A, TEA, AND TobAcco—continued. Foreign British
Countries. | Possessions.
#3 s. d. f s. d.
TOBACCO, viz.:-
——— UNMANUFACTURED, lb. . • ... O 3 () 0 3 0
———— SNUFF, lb. - • - . 0 6 () O 6 ()
———— MANUFACTURED, or CIGARs, lb. . () 9 () () 9 ()
———— STALKS AND FLOUR OF - . Prohibited. Prohibited.
By 7 Vict. c. 16, § 3 (6 June, 1844.] Tobacco stalks shall be deemed to be Tobacco, and shall
be described as Tobacco in any information for any penalty or forfeiture incurred or to be incurred.
Provided that nothing herein contained shall repeal any part of any Act whereby the importation
of tobacco stalks is prohibited.
No abatement of the duties payable upon tobacco found Derelict, Jetsam,
Flotsam, or Wreck, shall be made or allowed. 5 & 6 Vict. c. 47, § 17.
[July 9, 1842.]
DRAWBACK.
——— MANUFACTURED in the United Kingdom,
at or within Two Miles of any Port into which
Tobacco may be imported, made into Shag, Roll,
or Carrot Tobacco, Drawback upon Exportation,
or Shipment as Stores, lb. 2s. 73d.
No drawback shall be allowed on any tobacco which shall not have been wholly
manufactured from tobacco on which the full duty on importation shall have
been paid, nor on any tobacco which shall have been mixed with dirt or
rubbish or any other ingredients; and every person who shall enter or ship,
or cause to be entered or shipped, or produce or cause to be produced to any
officer of customs to be shipped, for exportation or for stores, any tobacco
not entitled to drawback, with intent unduly to obtain any drawback thereon,
or any greater drawback than he would otherwise be entitled to, shall, over
and above all other penalties which he may thereby incur, forfeit treble the
amount of the drawback sought to be obtained, or £200, at the election of
the commissioners of customs ; and all such tobacco shall be forfeited, and
may be seized by any officer of customs or excise. 5 & 6 Wict. c. 47, § 10.
[July 9, 1842.]
By C. O., December 11, 1828, drawback is to be allowed on the exportation of segars, manu-
factured in this country, at the same rate, and in the same manner, as is allowed with
respect to roll tobacco, provided the segars are exported in packages containing at least 100
łł, each.
By C. O., Oct. 19, 1840, on an application for permission to ship for stores on drawback, segars
manufactured in the United Kingdom; the Board are of opinion that the shipment of such
segars should be allowed, as requested, subject to the established regulations.
By C. O., February 22, 1842, the declarations of the shipper of manufactured tol)acco for the
drawback, and as to the quantity of tobacco about to be shipped, are to be dispensed with in
future; care being taken that the manufactured tobacco upon which the drawback is claimed,
is not of less value than the amount of such drawback, and that the party exporting the same
be required to state the date of the inward entry.
REGULATIONS.
Tobacco and Snuff prohibited to be imported on pain of forfeiture, under the
following circumstances, viz.:
unless in a ship of the burden of 120 tons or upwards.
— Tobacco of, and imported from, the State of Colombia, and made up in
rolls, unless in packages containing at least 320th of such rolls.f
f By 6 & 7 Will. 4, c. 60, § 4, the said restriction shall not extend to any such tobacco or
* ADD 5 per cent. to each Duty, as mentioned p. 47.
For QUANTITIES IMPORTED, see MISCELLANEous INFoEMATION, prefia'ed to
*he Journal.


PART III.] UNITED KINGDOM.–IMpoRTs.—Tariff, &c. 111
CLASS XVII.
CoFFEE, Cocoa, TEA, AND ToBAcco—continued.
TOBACCO—continued.
Segars, unless in pacakges containing 100th of segars.t.
all other tobacco and snuff, unless in hogsheads, casks, chests, or cases,
each of which shall contain of net tobacco or snuff at least 100ft, if from the
East Indies, or 450lb if from any other place, and not packed in bags or
packages within any such hogshead, cask, chest, or case, nor separated nor
divided in any manner whatever, except tobacco of the dominions of the
Turkish empire, which may be packed in inward bags or packages, or
separated or divided in any manner within the outward package, provided
such outward package be a hogshead, cask, chest, or case, and contain 450 lb
net at least.f
and unless the particular weight of tobacco or snuff in such hogshead,
cask, chest, or case, with the tare of the same to be marked thereon.f
and unless, in the Ports of London, Liverpool, Bristol, Lancaster,
Cowes, Falmouth, Whitehaven, IIull, Port Glasgow, Greenock, Leith, New-
castle-upon-Tyne, Plymouth, Belfast, Cork, Drogheda, Dublin, Galway,
Limerick, Londonderry, Newry, Sligo, Waterford, and Wexford. [For
other ports, see WAREHousiNg, Part VIII].
or into some other ports which may hereafter be appointed for such
snuff in hogsheads, casks, chests, or cases, each of which shall contain, of met tobacco or snuff,
300 lb.
Whereas by the above Act tobacco is prohibited to be imported into the United Kingdom
unless the particular weight of tobacco in each hogshead, cask, chest, or case, with the
tare of the same, be marked thereon: and whereas it is expedient to repeal so much of the
said Act; it is therefore enacted, that from and after the passing of this Act [July 9, 1842 so
much of the said last-mentioned Act as is hereinbefore set forth shall be repealed. 5 & 6 Vict.
c. 47, § 7.
By 5 & 6 Wict. c. 47, § 6 July 9, 1842, the above restrictions shall not extend to Negrohead
tobacco, the produce of and imported from the United States of America in packages of not less
than 150 lb each, nor to any tobacco the produce of Mexico, Columbia, or the continent of South
America, or the islands of St. Domingo and Cuba, when imported from the warehouse in any
British possession in America, in packages of not less than 80 lb each.
By T. L., 20th January 1812, tobacco from Porto Rico is allowed to be imported in packages of
80 lb each.
By 5 & 6 Vict., c. 47, § 8 July 9, 1842, so much of the above Act as restricts the re-importa-
tion of tobacco into the United Kingdom is hereby repealed : Provided always, that such
tobacco so re-imported shall be subject to all the restrictions imposed by law upon tobacco
imported into the United Kingdom, and liable to forfeiture if imported contrary to such
restrictions.
By C. O., Nov. 1, 1826, tobacco in packages under the legal size, may be admitted to entry
by special leare of the Board, in each case, provided it be bona fide for the private use of the
consignee, and regularly inserted in the manifest and report, and that the application and proof
be made by such consignee, and not by an agent.
SEGARS.
By C. O., Jan. 7, 1837, Passengers arriving from the continent, or other short voyages, are
permtted to enter any quantity of segars under 3 lb.
By C. O., July 17, 1838, and July 26, 1839, the provisions relative to the admission to entry of
segars, the surplus stores of passengers arriving from the Continent and other places, are to
be extended to officers and passengers on board Her Majesty's ships of war; and also to
entry of segars and unmanufactured tobacco, forwarded in the baggage of passengers arrived
overland from India.
By C. O., June 1, Sept. 13, and Nov. 16, 1839, the regulation as to marking the weight and
tare on packages of tobacco, and also the |. which had obtained of requiring segars to
be packed in one entire package, may be dispensed with.
MANIFEST.S.
Whereas by the above Act it is provided that every manifest for tobacco shall be a separate
manifest, distinct from any manifest for any other geods, and shall without fail contain the
particular weight of tobacco in each hogshead, cask, chest, or case, with the tare of the same,
and that if such tobacco be the produce of the dominions of the Grand Seignior, then the num-
bers of parcels or bundles within any such hogshead, cask, chest, or case shall be stated in such
manifest, and it is expedient that so much of the said Act should be repealed; it is therefore
enacted, that so much of the said Act as is hereinbefore set forth is hereby repealed: Provided
always, that the general manifest shall include tobacco in common with all other goods imported
in British ships, 5 & 6 Wict., c. 47, § 9. [July 9, 1842.]


} 12 UNITED KINGDOM.–IMpoRTs.—Tariff, &c. [1845.
CLASS XVII.
CoFFEE, Coco A, TEA, AND Top Acco—continued.
TOBACCO —continued.
purpose by the Lords Commissioners of His Majesty's Treasury; such ap-
pointments in Great Britain being published in the London Gazette, and such
appointments in Ireland being published in the Dublin Gazette.
—— but any ship wholly laden with tobacco may come into the port of
Cowes or Falmouth to wait for orders, and there remain fourteen days,
provided due report of such ship be made by the master to the Collector or
Controller of such port. 3 & 4 Will. 4, c. 52, § 58.
$3y C. O., Jan. 3, 1833, it is directed that the same privilege previously
granted to Cowes and Falmouth, relating to vessels laden with tobacco,
and which could not hitherto come into this port to refit, or for orders, be
extended to Portsmouth.
Stalks, &c.—Tobacco-stalks stripped from the leaf, whether manufactured or
not, and tobacco-stalk flour, prohibited to be imported for home use on pain
of forfeiture, but may be used for exportation only. 3 & 4 Will. 4, c. 52,
§ 58, 59, 60.
JEurope.—By 3 & 4 Will. 4, c. 52, § 2, tobacco, being the produce of Europe,
shall not be imported into the United Kingdom, to be used therein, except in
British ships, or ships of the country of which the goods are the produce, or
in ships of the country from which the goods are imported.
Damage.—By 3 & 4 Will. 4, c. 52, § 32, no abatement of duties shall be made
on account of any damage received by tobacco.
Size of Packages.—Whereas certain restrictions are laid down in respect of the
packages in which tobacco may be imported into the United Kingdom;
the said restrictions shall not extend to any tobacco the produce of and
imported direct from Mexico, or from the Continent of South America, or
from the islands of St. Domingo and Cuba, in packages of not less than 80 lb.
each. 4 & 5 Will. 4, c. 89, § 7. [See note in preceding page.
Sauff-work, prohibited to be imported, for home use. on pain of forfeiture, but
may be warehoused for exportation only. 3 & 4 Will. 4, c. 52, § 58, 59, 60.
Hou Duties charged.—The duties payable upon tobacco, when taken out of
warehouse for IIoME Use, shall be charged upon the quantities ascertained
by the weight of the same actually delivered. 3 & 4 Will. 4, c. 57, § 19.
Abandonment.—It shall be lawful for the Commissioners of Customs to accept
the abandonment, for the duties, of any quantity of tobacco, and to cause or
permit the same to be destroyed, and to deduct such quantity of tobacco
from the total quantity of the same importation, in computing the amount of
the deficiency of such total quantity. § 33.
Use of the Nary.—Tobacco, the produce of the British possessions in America,
or of the United States of America, and purchased for the Use of His Ma-
jesty's navy, may be removed by the purser of any ship of war in actual
service to the Ports of Rochester, Portsmouth, or Plymouth, to be there
re-warehoused, in the name of such purser, in such warehouse as shall be
approved for that purpose by the Commissioners of Customs. 3 & 4 Will. 4,
c. 57, § 21.
Whence Leaf or Unmanufactured Tobacco to be received into Stock. Permit.
—No manufacturer of tobacco or snuff shall receive into any place, or into
his custody or possession, any leaf or unmanufactured tobacco of any de-
scription otherwise than from the warehouse in which the same shall be ware-
housed under the laws of customs, and in the same package, with the same
marks and numbers thereon, in which the same shall be cleared and delivered
from such warehouse, on payment of the duty (except in the case of samples
duly ticketed and certified by the proper officer of customs), nor without a
true and lawful permit granted by the proper officer of excise, under the laws
of excise relating to permits, accompanying such tobacco; and every ma-
nufacturer of tobacco or snuff who shall receive or have in his custody or
possession any leaf or unmanufactured tobacco, contrary to the directions


PART III. UNITED KINGDOM.—IMpoRTs.—Turiff, &c. 113
CLASS XVII.
CofFEE, Coco A, TEA, AND ToBAcco—confinued.
TOBACCO-continued.
aforesaid, shall forfeit the same, and 200l. for every such offence. 3 & 4
Vict. c. 18, § 4. [July 3, 1840].
When Permit to be delivered up.–Every manufacturer of tobacco or snuff
who shall receive into his custody or possession any leaf or unmanufactured
tobacco shall, on the next visit of the officer of excise under whose survey he
shall be, produce and deliver up to such officer the permit which shall have
accompanied such tobacco, and shall also, if required, show to such officer all
such tobacco, or in case of any part thereof having been laid down for manu-
facture before the visit of the officer, so much thereof as shall remain, on
pain of forfeiting for every omission or neglect 200l., and all such leaf or
unmanufactured tobacco. § 5.
Unmanufactured Tobacco not to be remºved without Permit.—No leaf or
unmanufactured tobacco of any description, except samples, shall be removed
from any place in the United Kingdom to any other place without a permit
granted by the proper officer of excise, under the pains, penalties, and for-
feitures in the Act of 2 & 3 Will. 4, c. 16, § 6.
Removal of Tobacco-stalks.-No tobacco-stalks or returns of tobacco shall be
removed from any place in the United Kingdom to any other place thereof in
any quantity less than 50 lb., nor unless the package containing the same
shall have firmly and securely pasted or glued thereon a certificate clearly
written or printed, and signed by the manufacturer by whom the same shall
be sent out, or his foreman or chief workman on his behalf, setting forth the
name of such licensed manufacturer, and the entered premises from which
such tobacco-stalks or returns of tobacco shall be sent out, the weight of the
same, the day, month, and year on which the same shall be sent out, and the
name and entered premises of the licensed manufacturer to whom the same
are to be delivered, upon pain of forfeiting 100l., and the like sum for making
out or using any false certificate; and all such tobacco-stalks or returns of
tobacco shall be forfeited, and the person removing, or who shall have re-
moved, the same shall forfeit 50l. § 7.
Imitation.—No person whatsoever shall cut, colour, stain, or manufacture any
leaves of trees, herb, or plant whatsoever (not being tobacco-leaves or plants)
into the form of or to imitate or resemble tobacco, unmanufactured or
manufactured, or shall mix with or add to any tobacco, any leaves of trees,
herb, or plant, not being tobacco-leaves or plants, or shall sell, or expose for
sale, or have in his custody any such leaves, &c., on pain of forfeiting 100l.,
with all such leaves, herbs, or plants, which may be seized by any olficer of
excise or customs. § 11.
Drawback as to Cuf, Roll, or Carrot Tobacco containing Stalks.-No draw-
back shall be allowed on any cut, roll, or carrot tobacco containing any
tobacco-stalks, or which has not been wholly made from tobacco-leaf, having
the tobacco-stalk stripped and separated therefrom, or from such leaf so
stripped, and returns of tobacco-leaf so stripped, and without the stalks
thereof; and every manufacturer of tobacco who shall manufacture or have
in his custody or possession any such cut, roll, or carrot tobacco for ex-
portation, shall forfeit 200l., and all such tobacco shall be forfeited. § 13.
Drawback as to Tobacco not properly manufactured.—No drawback shall be
allowed on any tobacco which shall not have been wholly manufactured from
tobacco on which the full duty on importation shall have been paid, nor on
any tobacco which shall be mixed with any dirt or rubbish, or which shall be
made or manufactured with, or to which shall be added, any other thing not
necessary or usual in the manufacturing of tobacco. § 1 [.
Fraudulently attempting to obtain Drawback.-Every person who shall enter
or ship, or produce to any officer of customs to be shipped for exportation,
any tobacco not entitled to drawback under this or any other Act relating to
tobacco, or any other thing as tobacco, the same not being tobacco, or shall
fraudulently remove, deposit, or conceal any tobacco or thing, with intent

i


114 UNITED KINGDOM.–IMports.--Tariff, &c. [1845.
CLASS XVII.
CoFFEE, Coco A, TEA, AND Tobacco—continued.
TOBACCO-continued.
unduly to obtain any drawback on tobacco, or any greater drawback than he
would otherwise be entitled to, shall, over and above all other penalties which
he may thereby incur, forfeit treble the amount of the drawback sought to
be obtained, or 200l. at the election of the Commissioners of Customs; and
all such tobacco or other things shall be forfeited. § 15.
TARE ON COLUMBIAN TOBACCO.
By C. O., Feb. 28, 1829, in all instances where Columbian tobacco (in rolls), in packages of
80ſh., net, is imported for exportation only, an average tare may be takcm upon examination
of such proportion only of the packages as may be deemed necessary; but if taken out for
home consumption, the met weight is to be ascertained in the mode adopted in respect to all
other tobacco.
SAMPLES.
By C. O., Dec. 6, 1822, samples of tobacco, not exceeding two pounds weight each, and of
snuff one pound weight each, may be admitted to entry, provided the master of the vessel
specifies in his manifest and report, the several package; and kinds of goods contained in
each, describing them as samples; the importation being confined to the ports at which
tobacco is allowed to be imported.
By C. O., Dec. 27, 1825, the importer or proprietor of tobacco may after the package has been
weighed, take a sample not exceeding 4th, which is to be weighed in the presence of the
landing waiter, and the weight marked on a label attached to each sample, and signed with
his initials. On the first sample being returned, a second may be allowed under the same
regulations, and the importer or proprietor may be further allowed to draw any number of
samples not exceeding four under the same regulations, as two samples are drawn, all salm-
ples returned being re-weighed by the proper officers; and in case of any deficiency in the
weight marked on the label, such deficiency (allowing 4 oz. upon each simple for matural
waste) to be charged with duty, or a quantity equal thereto returned by the proprietor. In
case the samples be not returned, when the package is reweighed for home use, the weight
of such sample is to be added to the reweight for duty, and the labels taken off the samples
returned, destroyed in the presence of the proper officers.
samples of unmanufactured tobacco may be exported in packages containing 201b, each, care
being taken that the existing regulations under which samples of tobacco are exported he
duly obeyed.
By C. O., Feb. 11, 1843, samples of tobacco under the legal weight, imported with the hogs-
heads or other packages to which they belong, and labelled to correspond with the marks
and numbers of such hogsheads or packages, may be admitted to entry, and weighed with
the packages to which the respective sa:mples belong, provided the same be duly reported as
samples.
WAREHOUSE RENT.
By C. O., March 25, 1830, the following rates are to be charged for warehouse rent, on all
tobacco warehoused in London and the outports, viz.:
In London.—Two shillings for every hogsheal, &c, deposited in warehouse; and two shillings
for ditto, taken out of the same.
Out-Ports.-Three-halfpence per week, for every hogshead.
And Tobacco may remain in warehouse for five years, without any additional charge for ware-
house rent,
REMOVAL.
By T. L., Nov. 19, 1831, provided the merchant upon his taking tobacco out of the tobacco
warehouse in London for removal to an outport, shall, previous to such removal, declare
that the tobacco is taken out and removed ſor home use only, and will give security to pay
the duty according to the weight ascertained at the time of removal, all subsequent weigh-
ings at the port to which the tobacco is removed shall be dispensed with.
By C. O., Nov. 22, 1833, as it appears that accommodation would be afforded to the trade iſ
the declaration when tobacco is taken out of warehouse for removal, and intended for home
use only and security given accordingly, were permitted to be given either at the port of
shipment, or at the port of destimation, as most convenient to the parties interested; and,
in cases of omission to give such security, the proprietors were allowed to pay the duties at
the port of arrival upon the weight ascertained at the time of removal, the duties being ten-
dered prior to the weighing of the tobacco, consequent on its being re-warehoused, the same
is permitted accordingly.
By C. O., March 11, 1843, one or more packages of tobacco removed coastwise under bond,
are occasionally to be reweighed previous to delivery, notwithstanding the parties may be
entitled under the General Order of Nov. 26, 1833, to pay the duty upon the weight as ascer-
tained at the time of removal; and, in the event of there appearing to be a greater excess
. might be attributed to natural causes, such excess is to be detained for the board's
irections.
Ry C, O., 23rd March, 1844, relative to the practice to be observed in the weighing of Tobacco
removed under bond for Exportation in future, such Tobacco is to be re-weighed as hereto-
fore at the port of dispatch; but upon the same being re-weighed at the port of arrival, one
pound only is to be deducted from the weight in the preponderating scale instead of two
pounds as at present.


PART III.] UNITED KINGDOM.–IMports.—Tariff, &c. 115
Of Rates of Duty.* fr
f fand
CLASS XVIII.-SPIRITs AND WINEs. #." O *
Countries. | Possessions.
SPIRITS OR STRONG WATERS, OF ALL SORTS, viz.:
£ s. d. £ s. d.
For every Gallon of such Spirits or strong
waters of any strength, not exceeding the strength
of Proof by Sykes's Hydrometer, and so in pro-
portion for any greater or less Strength than the
Strength of Proof, and for any greater or less
Quantity than a Gallon, viz.:
Being Spirits or strong Waters, not the
produce of any British Possession, and not being
sweetened Spirits, or Spirits mixed with any arti-
cle, so that the degree of strength thereof cannot
be exactly ascertained by such hydrometer, gal-
lon - - - -
Additional Duty, the Gallon, 4d.
Spirits or strong Waters, the produce of
any British Possession in America, not being
sweetened Spirits or Spirits so mixed as aforesaid,
gallon - - - - - ---- {} 9 ()
Additional Duty, the Gallon, 4d.
Rum, the Produce of any British Posses-
sion within the limits of the East India Com-
pany's Charter, not being sweetened Spirits, or
Spirits so mixed as aforesaid, in regard to which
the conditions of the Act 4 Wict., c. 8, have or
shall have been fulfilled, gallon - -
Additional Duty, the Gallon, 4d.
Rum Shrub, however sweetened, the Pro-
duce of and imported from such Possessions, in
regard to which the Conditions of the Act 4 Vict.
c. 8, have or shall have been fulfilled, or the pro-
duce of, and imported from any British Posses-
sion in America - - - - - t) () ()
Spirits or strong Waters, the produce of
any British Possession within the limits of the
East India Company's Charter, except Rum, in
regard to which the conditions of the Act 4, Vict.
c. 8, have or shall have been fulfilled, not being
sweetened Spirits, or Spirits so mixed as afore-
said, gallon - - - - -
Additional Duty, the Gallon, 4d.
Spirits, Cordials, or strong Waters, not
being the produce of any British Possession in
America, nor of any British Possession within the
limits of the East India Company's Charter, in
regard to which the conditions of the Act 4 Vict.
c. 8, have or shall have been fulfilled, sweetened.
---- t) 15 ()
For QUANTITIES IMPoRTED, see MiscellANEous JN for MAT 10N, prefired tº
fhe Journal.
1 **


116 UNITED KINGDOM.–IMports.-Tariff, &c. [1845.
* ~~~r Rates of Duty.*
CLASS XVIII. of or from of and from
SPIRITs AND WINEs—continued. Foreign British
("ountries. | Possessions.
SPIRITS.–continued. & S. d. £ s. d.
or mixed with any article, so that the degree of
strength thereof cannot be exactly ascertained by
Sykes's Hydrometer, and perfumed Spirits to be
used as Perfumery only, gallon - ... l l () () 1 1 () ()
Additional Duty, the Gallon, 4d.
–––– Cordials and Liqueurs, except Rum Shrub,
being the produce of any British Possession in
America, or of any British Possession within the
limits of the East India Company's Charter, in
regard to which the conditions of the Act 4 Vict.
c. 8 have or shall have been fulfilled, sweetened or
mixed with any article so that the degree of
strength thereof cannot be ascertained by Sykes's
hydrometer, gallon [7 Vict. c. 16] - - () 9 0
No abatement of the duties payable upon spirits, found Derelict, Jetsam, Flot-
sam, or Wreck, shall be made or allowed. 5 & 6 Vict. c. 47, § 17. [July
9, 1842].
Place of Produce.—Such rum or rum-shrub shall be the produce of some
British possession within the limits of the East India Company's charter
into which the importation of foreign sugar shall have been prohibited.
When Act to come into operation.—This Act shall not come into operation
until satisfactory proof shall have been laid before Her Majesty in Council
that rum and rum-shrub, the produce of any foreign country, or of any
British possession, into which foreign sugar or rum can be legally imported,
have been prohibited to be imported into any of the British possessions within
the limits of the East India Company's charter, on the importation from
which of rum or rum-shrub the duty of nine shillings and fourpence per
gallon is hereby imposed, nor until the Governor-general of India in Council
shall have passed an Act containing such regulations for the prevention of
frauds by the admixture of spirits made from rice, grain, or other substances,
not being the produce of the sugar cane or of the date or palm tree, with the
rum or rum-shrub to be exported under this Act, or otherwise, as in the
opinion of the said Governor-general in Council shall be calculated for that
purpose; and in the event of any such prohibition, and of the enactment of
such regulations, it shall be lawful for Her Majesty, or by Her Majesty's
Order in Council, to be published from time to time in the London Gazette,
to allow the importation of rum or rum-shrub, the produce of the possessions
aforesaid, to be admitted to entry in the United Kingdom at the duties hereby
imposed.* 4 Vict. c. 8, § 3. [6 April, 1841].
* By O.Q., Jan. 15, 1842, rum and rum shrub, the produce of any portion of the territories
subject to the government of the Presidency of Fort William, in Bengal, shall, on importation
into the United Kingdom, be admitted to entry at the duty (9s. and the 4d.) set forth above, so
long as, in respect of that portion of the territories aforesaid of which such rum and rum shrub is
the produce, the prohibition above-mentioned shall continue in force.
By T. L., March 12, 1842, all rum and rum shruh, the produce of any portion of the territories
subject to the government of the Presidency of Fort William, in Bengal, is to be admitted to
entry on importation into the United Kingdom, at the duty of 9s. 4d. per gallon; provided it
shall have been shipped at such territories on or after 7th June, 1841, and shall be accompanied
by the certificate required by law.
Rum of any strength not exceeding the strength of proof by Sykes's hydrometer, and so in
proportion for any greater or less strength than the strength of proof, being the produce of the
Island of Ceylon, not being sweetened nor mixed with any article, so that the degree of strength
thereof cannot be exactly ascertained by such hydrometer, shall be charged with a duty of 9s. 4d.
the gallon, O. C., June 3, 1842.
Rum of any strength not exceeding the strength of proof by Sykes's hydrometer, and so in
For QuANTITIES IMpoRTED, see MiscellANEous INForMAtion, prefixed to
the Journal.


PART III.] UNITED KINGDOM.–IMPorts.—Tariff, &c. 117
CLASS XVIII.
SPIRITs AND WINEs—continued.
SPIRITS-continued.
Certificate of Origin.—Before any such rum or rum-shrub shall be entered
in the United Kingdom as being the produce of any such British possession,
the master of the ship importing the same shall deliver to the Collector or
Controller of Customs at the port of importation, a certificate under the hand
and seal of the collector of the sea customs of the port where such rum or
rum-shrub was taken on board, testifying that there had been produced to
him by the shipper of such rum or rum-shrub a certificate under the hand
and seal of the collector or assistant-collector of the land or customs revenue
of the district in which rum or rum-shrub was produced, that the same was
of the produce of such district; and the said collector shall, in the certificate,
state the name of the district or districts in which such rum or rum-shrub
was produced, the quantity and strength thereof, the number and denomi-
nation of the packages containing the same, the name of the ship in which it
is about to be laden, and of the master thereof; and that the master of the
vessel importing such rum or rum-shrub shall also make a declaration before
the collector and controller that such certificate was received by him at the
place where such rum or rum-shrub was taken on board, and that the rum
or rum-shrub so in ported is the same as is mentioned herein. § 4.
Officer to give Certificates.—It shall be lawful for the Governor-general of
India in Council to appoint any officer or officers, other than the said col-
lector and assistant-collector of land revenue and the collector of customs, to
give such certificate. § 6.
Spirits or strong waters imported into the United Kingdom, mixed with any
ingredient; and although thereby coming under some other denomination,
shall nevertheless be deemed to be spirits or strong waters, and be subject
to a duty as such. 3 & 4 Will. 4, c. 56, § 13.
Size of PACKAGEs, &c.
Spirits prohibited to be imported on pain of forfeiture, under the following
circumstances, viz.:-
not being perfumed or medical spirits, viz.:-
all spirits, unless in ships of seventy tons * or upwards.
Rum of and from the British plantations, if in casks, unless in casks
containing not less than twenty gallons.
Whereas the importation of rum of and from the British plantations, if in casks,
is restricted to casks containing not less than twenty gallons, and the im-
portation of all other spirits, not being perfumed or medicinal spirits, if in
casks, is restricted to casks containing not less than forty't gallons, and it is
expedient to prevent the evasion of such restrictions, by persons using cases,
vessels, or other packages, not being strictly casks, but available for the
purposes of casks; it is therefore enacted, that the said restrictions shall be
construed to apply to all cases, vessels, or packages whatsoever, capable of
containing liquids, and not being glass bottles, in like manner as the same
now apply to casks; and that such cases, vessels, or packages shall be, for
the purpose of such restrictions, deemed to be casks within the meaning of
the said Act.
proportion for any greater or less strength than the strength of proof, and for every greater or
|. quantity than a gallon, being the produce of the territories, subject to the government of the
Presidency of Fort St. George, in Madras, not being sweeted or mixed with any article, so that
the degree of strength thereof cannot be exactly ascertained by such hydrometer, shall be charged
with a duty of 9s. 1d. the gallon, O. C., Aug. 27, 1842.
* Now reduced to 60 tons, see p. 7. f Now 20 gallons.
For QuANTitles Ixiported. see Miscell.ANEous INForMAtios, prefred to
the Journal.


118 UNITED KINGDOM.–IMPorts.—Tariff, &c. [1845.
CLASS XVIII.
Splairs AND WINEs—continued.
SPIRITS-- continued.
By 6 & 7 Will. 4, c. 60, § 4, spirits in casks, of not less than twenty gallons,
may be imported.
Nothing in the foregoing Acts shall extend to restrict the importation of spirits
in stone bottles not exceeding the size of quart bottles, such spirits being
really part of the cargo of the vessel in which the same are imported, and
included in the manifest or other papers enumerating or descriptive of the
cargo of such vessel. 5 & 6 Wict. c. 47, § 12. [July 9, 1842].
Spirits may be imported in glass bottles in any quantity.—Ed.
By C. O., March 8, 1826, cordials may be admitted to entry for home consumption, without
regard to the size of the packages or the tonnage of the vessel, in which the same may be
imported.
By | O., August 27, 1844, a diversity of practice having prevailed in the mode of ascertaining
the quantity of spirits in bottles, the same being computed at certain of the Outports at
the rate of six reputed quart bottles to the gallon, and in London by actual admeasurement
of one bottle of each case; the board deem it expedient to extend to the outports the regu-
lations of their minute of August 19, 1839, which directs with respect to spirits which are
chargeable with duty according to the strength thereof, that the bottles in each case be
counted, and that one bottle of each size from every case be sent to the proof room for
measurement, but as regards other spirits and cordials, when the bottles are of the same
size, thickness, and description of glass, that one bottle in every three cases be measured,
except Marischino, and with respect to that article, that one bottle only in every five cases is
to be measured,
By c. O., October 10, 1831, the importation of Brandy, from France and Spain may be
permitted as a special indulgence, upon application to the board, in casks of ten gallons
each, for exportation.
By C. O., ;), cember 30, 1833, all foreign spirits imported in casks capable of containing the
legal quantity, may be admitted to entry on payment of the proper duty, although on
cxamination the cast rºay be found to cºtain a less quantity, upon the officers being
satisfied, by an inspectiºn of the caks, that the deficiency has beeſ, wholly occasioned by
absorption or leakage, and not by abstraction.
By 3 & 1 Will. 4, c. 54, § 2, Brandy, bºg the prºduce of Europe, shall not
be imported into United Kingdom, ( , be tº eit therein, except in British
ships, or in ships of the country of which the goºds are the produce, or in
ships of the cºuntry from which the goods are imported.
By 3 & 4 Will. i., c. 52, § 123, the same instruments, and the same tables and
scales of graduation, and the same rules, as the officers of excise shall by any
law in force for the time being be directed to use in trying and ascertaining
the strengths and quantities of spirits made within the United Kingdom, for
the purpose of collecting the duties of excise thereon, shall be used by the
officers of customs in trying and ascertaining the strength and quantities of
spirits imported into the United Kingdom, for the purpose of computing the
duties of customs thereon.
As to Certificate of produce, see Coffee, p. 105.
DR Awixg of F, MIXING, &c.
— It shall be lawful in the warehouse to draw off and mix with any
wine any brandy secured in the same warehouse, not exceeding the
propertion of ten gallons of brandy to one hundred gallons of wine;
and also in the warehouse to fill up any casks of spirits from any other
casks of the same, secured in the same warehouse, under such regu-
lation s as the Commissioners of Customs may from time to time require.
2 & 3 Will. 1, c. 57, § 31, 32.
By E. O., 31st August, 1844, it appearing that the Commissioners of Customs allow importers
of foreign spirits and wine, to draw off or remove, in the bonded warehouses, from the casks
For QUANtities IMpoRTED, see MiscELLANEous INForMAtion, prefixed to
the Journal.


PART III.] UNITED KINGDOM.–IM ports.--Tariff, &c. 119
CLASS XVIII.
SPIRITS AND WINEs—continued.
SPIRITS.–continued.
in which imported, any quantity of such spirits or wine, not being less than twenty gallons,
into casks of not less than that content, it is ordered, that no objection be made, on the part
of this revenue, to the disposal of such quantities of foreign spirits or wine, so drawn off or
removed from the original casks, to the customers of such importers, although the importers
may not have taken out licences as dealers in those articles, as required by the general order
of the 15th March, 1842; and that permits be granted for the removal of the spirits ac-
cordingly.
By T. L., April 9, 1842, Rum, the produce of British possessions, within the limits of the
East India Company’s charter, into which the importation of foreign spirits is prohibited,
is allowed to be mixed with Rum the produce of the British West India Islands, both being
certified as such produce respectively ; and the same when so vatted, is to be brought to a
scparate account, and delivered in legal quantities for home consumption, exportation, or
for ships’ stores, in the same proportions as is now allowed with regard to vatted Rum, the
produce of the British possessions in America.
ETHER.
By G. O., July 24, 1829, with reference to § 38 of the Act of 6 Geo. 1, c. 107, it appears that
º two gallons and a half of British proof spirits, the excise duty on which, of 7s. per gallon,
| amounts to 17s. 6d., are required for the manufacture of one gallon of ether, and it is
directed to charge ether imported from the islands of Guernsey, Jersey, Alderney, Stark, or
Man, under the regulations of the said Act, with a countervailing duty of 17s.6d. per
gallon.
[The excise duty on British proof spirits having been increased to 7s.6d. the gallon, the
countervailing duty upon ether is now 18s. 9d. the gallon).-Ed.
Is LE of MAN, JERSEY, &c,
Spirits from the Isle of Man prehibited to be imported for home use on pain
of forfeiture, but may be warehoused for exportation only. 3 & 4 Will. 4,
c. 52, § 58, 59, 60.
By C. O., March 11, 1834, spirits from Jersey and Guernsey may be imported
into the United Kingdom, in vessels of the burden of 70* tons and upwards,
whether square-rigged or not.
-is ſo “Allotrances,” see belou'.
s: PIRI'l's ANI) ("OMPOUNI)S FROM THE ("HANNEL ISLANI)S.
By C. O., Sep. 3, 1814, spirits and compounds from the Channel Islands, certified to have
been manufactured from materials, the produce of the said islands and the United Kingdom,
ilmported subsequently to that date, will not be permitted by the Board of Excise into the
stocks of dealers.
ACCIDENT.
It shall be lawful for the Commissioners of Customs to remit or return the
duties payable, or paid, on the whole or any portion of spirits or other fluid
which shall be lost by any unavoidable accident in the warehouse in which
the same shall have been deposited under the provisions of any Act for ware-
housing of goods. 4 & 5 Will. 4, c. 89.
ALLOWANCES.
The duties payable upon spirits when taken out of warehouse for Hoxie Us E, shall be charged
upon the quantities ascertained by the measure or strength of the same actually delivered,
except that if the spirits being any other spirits than rum of the British Plantations) shall
not be in a warehouse of special security, no greater abatement on account of deficiency of
the quantity or strength first ascertained as aforcsaid, shall be made than shall be after the
several rates of Allowance following, ric. :
[3 & 4 Will. 1, c. 37, § 10].
By T. L., Jan. 8, 1839, authority is given to make the following Allowances for deficiencies in
foreign spirits in bond.
For every Hundred Gallons, Hydrometer Proof,
For any time not exceeding 6 months - - - - - - . I gallon.
,, , , exceeding 6, and not exceeding 18 months - - . 3 gallons.
> * > * * x 18 months • ? 2 years - - - • 5 , ,
* * * * -- 2 years ** 2%. , - - - . 6 .,
** * x * * 2% years y: 3 : ) - - - - ; --
And at the completion of every additional 6 months - - - . 1 gallon.
* Now reduced to 60 tons, sº p. 7.
---- -- - -
For QuANTITIEs IM ported, see MiscellANEous INFortMAtios, prºftwed to
the Journal.


120 UNITED KINGDOM.–IMporºs.-Tariff, &c. [1845.
CLASS XVIII.
SPIRITs AND WINEs—continued.
SPIRITS.–continued
Jersey and Guernsey.—By C. O., Oct. 5, 1842, Spirits, the produce of Jº and Guernsey,
being subject to the excise countervailing duty, not any allowance can be made for any
deficiency therein when taken out of warehouse for home consumption.
EXTRA ALLOWANCES.
By T. L., Aug. 26, 1843, their Lordships’ authority is conveyed to the Board of Custsms, to
grant such extra allowance on account of deficiencies in Brandy in such cases where the
spirits shall have been deposited in very damp vaults, or have remained for a long period in
the bonding premises, upon the special application of the parties, as the merits of each
case may appear to justify, where the officers of customs are satisfied that the deficiency has
arisen from matural causes, and that no abstraction or improper interference has taken place.
—[This order was issued in consequence of an application to place the out-ports on the same
footing in this respect as London.]
By C. O., Nov. 25, 1843, the Collectors and Comptrollers at the several Out Ports are to make
the allowances on account of deficiencies in excess of the legal quantities on Brandies depo-
sited in the Bonded Warehouses at the Out Ports, ...} the Allowances regulated
by the Treasury Order of January 8th, 1839, without application to the Board, in those
cases in which the deficiency in excess of the legal quantity shall not exceed three gallons
per cask, observing that they are first to satisfy themselves that the deficiency had arisen
from natural causes, and that no abstraction or improper interference had taken place, and,
that a written application is to be made to them by the parties in each case.
By C, O., March 30, 1839, it is stated, that a case having occurred at one of the out-ports, in
which the officers in making the allowance, under the Treasury order of the 8th January
last, on account of deficiency in a hogshead of Brandy, which had been in warehouse four
years and nine months, refused any allowance in respect of the fifth year, the same not hav-
ing been completed, and granted an allowance of mine gallons as for four years only; and it
having been intended, when the scale of allowances sanctioned by the said order was framed,
that the half yearly ratio of one gallon should be continued, under which construction thc
cask of braidy in question having been in warehouse four years and nine months, the party
would be entitled to a further allowanee of one gallon per cent., six months of the fifth year
having been completed, the board directed that such additional allowance should be granted
accordingly, and the officers are to govern themselves in future in conformity with this con-
struction of the order.
By C. O., Feb. 24, 1842, there being a diversity of practice in charging the duties on deficien-
'cies of wines and spirits, ascertained prior and subsequently to the operation of racking, the
following regulations are directed to be adopted generally, viz. –
1st. That upon the racking of casks of wine or spirits into smaller casks, the deficiency be
ascertained both before and after the operation to each of the new packages: any further
loss which may take place previously to delivery being added to that before ascertained,
2ndly. That upon the delivery, for home consumption or exportation, of wines so racked, the
allowances sanctioned by the Board’s minutes be made.
3rdly. That upon the delivery, for home consumption; of racked spirits, except Rum, the pro-
produce of British possessions, an allowance be made in conformity with the above Treasury
Order of 8th, and General Order of 15th Jan., 1839, and any deficiency exceeding such allow-
ance charged with duty.
4thly. That upon such spirits being delivered for exportation, the whole deficiency be allowed
unless the same be excessive.
5thly. That upon the delivery of racked rum, the produce of British possessions, for home con-
sumption or exportation, the whole loss be allowed unless excessive.
Guernsey, &c.—By C. O., dated 5 Oct., 1842, spirits the produce of Guernsey and Jersey,
being subject to the countervailing duty of Excise of 7s. 10d. the gallon, no allowance to
be made thereon for any deficiency.
Minimum.—By T. L., October 20, 1820, the duties in future are not to be charged on any
quantity less than a pint of ordinary drinkable spirits of whatever strength they may be, or
half a pint of Eau de Cologne, or other cordial waters, or any medicated or perfumed spirits
or liqueurs, when imported in the baggage of passengers for private use.
Abatement of Quantity or Strength.-By C. Q., October 15, 1834, the abatement on wine
and spirits removed coastwise, to be made either in the liquid quantity and strength, or in
the quantity or strength, conjointly, as the case may be.. -
Allowſince of Under-proof–By C. Q., Feb. 11, 1834, spirits deposited in warehouse of ordi:
mary security are entitled to the allowance of under proof that may have been ascertained
on their first examination, exclusive of any further abatement to which the same may be en-
titled under the Warehousing Act.
Deficiencies.—By c. o., September 3, 1833, October 18, 1834, on arrival of wine and spirits
removed from another port, the actual wet found on gauging be recorded, and the ullage
quantity cast out with the fractional parts; and where such fractional parts be under five
tenths of a gallon, either in the liquid quantity or the strength, or in the liquid quantity and
For QuANTITIES IMPoRTED, see MiscellANEous INFoEMATION, prefixed to
the Journal.


PART III.] UNITED KINGDOM.–IMPoRTs.—Tariff, &c. 121
CLASS XVIII.
SPIRITs AND WINEs—continued.
SPIRITS.–continued.
the strength conjointly, the gallon be charged as lost; and when such fractional parts amount
to five tenths of a gallon or upwards, no loss be charged, and the ullage quantities for duty
be carried out into a second column of the landing book.
VATTING.
By C, O., May 20, 1829, and Aug. 20, 1834, British Possession rum, vatted in London may be
removed to the outports under bond for either exportation or home consumption.
By C. O., Sept. 3, 1835, the regulations permitting rum to be vatted in London for home con-
sumption are extended to all rum removed to outports, which had been vatted there, or at
any other port at which the operation is allowed. The rum to be delivered out of warehouse
in legal quantities, and the import marks effaced from the casks.
| By C. O., June 20, 1837, the following regulations are to be observed in respect of British
Plantation Spirits vatted under bond in warehouses not of special security, viz., all decreases
before vatting to be carried forward to the new vatting account. The duty not to be charged
| for decreases until the clearance of the goods, either for home use or for exportation; and
. such part of the decrease as shall be apportioned to the packages for clearance to be then
charged, subject to the following allowances: On British Plantation Spirits, the allowance
of any lots not considered by the landing surveyor as excessive, unless in cases of suspicion
that abstraction has taken place.
By C. O., March 28. 1838, it is stated, that the Lords of the Treasury having been pleased, by
their order of the 15th instant, to extend the indulgence of vatting foreign spirits, and
blending the same with spirits the produce of the British possessions, to the outports, upon
proper vats being erected in places approved for that purpose, the following regulations are
to be adopted:—
The account in the General Register, kept in the warehousing department, to be discharged to
the extent of the quantity of spirits required to be blended; and such quantity to be carried
to a new account, to be opened under the head of “Vatting Account” for exportation only.
The operation of vatting or blending, as the case may be, to be performed in the presence of
the proper officers; and all import marks and brands to be effaced from the casks.
Spirits so blended to be invariably exported as Foreign spirits; and the deficiencies, if any,
to be ascertained prior to the vatting, and carried to the new account, together with any
further loss that may arise in the process of vatting, and to be apportioned to the respective
new packages; but no duty to be charged thereon, unless such deficiency should be deemed
by the principal officers excessive; in which case the duty, as on foreign spirits, is to be
charged.
FORTIFYING.
By T.O., May 20, 1830, it is directed that bonded brandy may be allowed to be added to wine
in the bonded stores, for its preservation or improvement, and the whole to pay duty as wine
upon being taken out for home consumption, provided the whole quantity of brandy con-
tained in the wine at the time of entry for home consumption do not exceed 20 per cent.,
and that a proper sample, for the pnrpose of ascertaining the strength, be allowed to be
taken by the proper officers.
SAMPLES.
By C. O., Oct. 14, 1825. Half a pint of spirits may be taken as sample when warehoused.
By C. O., Feb. 13, 1836, when spirits are intended to be cleared for home use, two samples
free of duty may be allowed, viz., one at the time of importation, and a second for the pur-
pose of sale, and a further sample duty free may be allowed if entered for exportation, and
the samples so drawn are not to be permitted to be returned into the casks.
By C. O., May 1, 1832, the samples which are required to be taken of each package of spirits
removed, are to be taken immediately before removal, and retained for a period of three
months.
By C. O, Feb. 10, 1836, the practice of permitting the return of samples into casks of spirits
under bond discontinued. When spirits are cleared for home use, two samples free of duty
allowed, viz., one at the time of importation, and a second for the purposé of sale; and a
further sample duty free allowed, if entered for exportation.
REMOVAL.
By C. O., April 2, 1812, a doubt having arisen whether, when spirits, and other articles which
have been contracted for by Government, have been directed by the Lords of the Treasury
to be taken out of the bonded warehouses at one port, and delivered into Her Majesty’s vic-
tualling stores, duty free, at another port, the said spirits and other articles are, on their
removal, subject to the provisions of the coast laws; and the victualling board, in a reply to
a request of this board, having stated that the before-mentioned spirits and other articles
are considered to be the property of the contractors until actually delivered into the victual-
ling stores, and iºd by the receiving officers of that department, all goods taken out of
For QUANTITIES IMPORTED, see MiscellANEous INFortMATION, prefired to
the Journal.


122 UNITED KINGDOM.–IMPorts.--Tariff, &c. [1845.
t - r Rates of Duty.*
CLASS XVIII. of or from of and from
Spin its AND WINEs—continued. Foreign British
("ountries. | Possessions.
SPIRITS.–continued. £ s. d. £ s. d.
warehouse under those circumstances are not to be removed coastwise, without security
being first given, and the regular coast despatches granted for the stume.
By C. O., September 22, 1841, a re-examination is to take place generally of wine and spirits
after their arrival at the warehouse.
SPIRITs ." N 1) W INI. 'i'O BE IN SEPARATE ROOMS.
London, Sept. 24, 1844.
It having been discovered that facilities were afforded for the commission of fraud, by permit-
ting cases of wine with cases of spirits and cordials to be deposited under bond in the same room
or floor in the warehouses at the docks and legal quays, orders have been issued for the practice
to be discontinued, and that in future wines he deposited in a separate room or floor from that
in which spirits and cordials in cases are warehoused. This order has recently come into opera-
tion, a certain time having been allowed for the necessary arrangements being made, and is of
considerable importance to the several dock companies, and proprietors of bonded warehouses,
as it will be requisite for them to provide separate rooms for tº. deposit of these articles, where-
as, hitherto, they have be m permitted to house them indiscriminately
has also been issued to the effect, that high and low duty Spil
countrie
at the d
tioned off
, in one place. An order
spirits imported from foreign
nd British possessions respectively, are to be kept distinct and separate in the vaults
s, and the dock companies have received directions to cause the vaults to be parti-
for the purpose of separation, under the locks of the Crown.—Cor.
As to SPIRITs for Ships' Stores, see WAREHousing, PART VIII.
WINES, viz.:-
The produce of the Cape of Good Hope,
or the Territories or Dependencies thereof, and
imported directly thence, gallon - - - () 2 ºn
-- -- Fiti.Nch, gallon - - . () 5, 6 -
-—— CANARY, gallon - - . () 5 6 -
——— M ADEIRA, gallon - - . () j (; -
--— P. RTUG L, gallon - - . () 5 6 -
—— Riº Nisſ, gallon - - . () 5 6 --
-—— Si Nisii, gallon - - . () j 6 -
-— OTHER SOIt'TS, gallon . - ... :) , (; --
IDRAWB.ACIV.
The full duties on wine are drawn back
upon re-exportation or shipment as stores
BONI) FOR I.) R.A.W.B.A("K.
——— No bond shall be required for any wine
entered outwards, for the purpose of obtaining a
drawback of duties. 6 & 7 Vict. c. 84, § 9,
[August 22, 1843].
LEES.
-—— Lees, subject to the same duty as wine, but
no drawback is allowed on the lees of wine ex-
ported.
No abatement of the duties payable upon wine, found Derelict, Jetsam, Flot-
sam, or Wreck, shall be made or allowed. 5 & 6 Wict. c. 47, § 17. [July 9,
1842].
SCALE FOR CHARGING I) UTY ()N BOTTLES.
By C. O., August 10, 1842, glass bottles when imported into this country, containing wines
and spirits, may be charged with duty according to the following scale, viz.:
ADD 5 per cent. to each Duty, as mentioned p. 47.
For QUANTITIES IMPORTED, see MiscellANEous INForMATION, prefired to
the Journal.


PART III.] UNITED KINGDOM.–IMpoRTs.—Tariff, &c. 123
CLASS XVIII.
SPIRITs AND WINEs—continued.
SPIRITS-continued.
Dozen reputed. lb.
- - Quarts 19
English shaped Bottles with Port or Sherry....... - - - - - - - - - - - Pints 11
Champagne and other Wine in similar Bottles .............. * º:
Claret and other Wines, or Brandy in similar Bottles ........ * º
Rhenish and other Wine in similar Bottles . . . . . . . . . . . * - - - - - - $º º
Geneva square Bottles, from 8 to 11 gills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * - - - - - - - - - - 20
4 – 6 × . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -- - - - - - - - - - - - - 14
GLASS BOTTLES.
As to duty on Bottles, see Class XIII.
EARTH AND STONE BOTTLES,
Bottles of earth and stone full are not to be charged with duty.
JERSEY AND GUERNSEY.
By C. O., Feb. 1, 1842, upon all future importations of wine, the produce of the Channel
Islands, the proportionate countervailing duties of excise is to be charged on the per centage
of proof spirit contained therein, after deducting 10 per cent, for vinous fermentation.
By C. O., 10th April, 1844, some wine imported from Jersey, having been tested and found to
contain 20 per cent. of spirit, is liable to a duty of 9%d, a gallon, under the foregoing general
order of Feb. 1842,
ALLOWANCES.
By T. O., Nov. 29, 1836, with regard to wine delivered for home use, from warehouses not of
special security, the same allowance to be made for waste as is now allowed by law upon
the delivery of that article from such warehouses for exportation, viz.:
Upon every cask, for any time not exceeding 1 year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 gallon.
-- -- - - exceeding 1 year, and not ex. 2 years 2 gallons.
exceeding 2 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 gallons.
Vatting.—By C. O., Nov. 21, 1843, the allowances on wines vatted, under
bond in warehouse, not being of special security, are to be those specified
above, instead of those in § 19, mentioned in the order of June 14, 1837.
Europe.—By 3 & 4 Will. 4, c. 54, § 2, wine, being the produce of Europe,
shall not be imported into the United Kingdom, to be used therein, except in
British ships, or in ships of the country of which the goods are the produce,
or in the ships of the country from which the goods are imported.
Size of Packages.—There is no restriction now as to the size of packages in
which wine may be imported.—Ed.
Cape of Good Hope.—By 3 & 4 Will. 4, c. 52, § 39, before any wine shall be
entered as being the produce of the Cape of Good Hope, the master of the
ship importing the same, shall deliver to the collector or controller a certifi-
cate, under the hand of the proper officer of the Cape of Good Hope, testify-
ing that proof had been made, in manner required by law, that such wine is
of the produce of the Cape of Good Hope, or the dependencies thereof, stating
the quantity and sort of such wine, and the number and denomination of the
packages containing the same ; and such master shall also make and subscribe
a declaration before the collector or controller that such certificate was received
by him at the Cape of Good Hope, and that the wine so imported is the same
as is mentioned therein.
Damage.—By 3 & 4 Will. 4, c. 52, § 32, no abatement of duties shall be made
on account of any damage received by wine.
Deficiencies.—By 4 & 5 Will. 4, c. 89, wine deposited in warehouses of special
security, when taken out for home use, the duty shall be charged upon the
quantity actually delivered.
For QUANTITIES IMPorted, see MiscellANEoUs INForMATION, prefired to
the Journal.


124 UNITED KINGDOM.–IMPORTs.—Tariff, &c. [1845
CLASS XVIII.
SPIRITs AND WINEs—continued.
SPIRITS.–continued.
Accident.—It shall be lawful for the commissioners of customs to remit or return
the duties payable or paid on the whole or any portion of wine or other fluid
which shall be lost by any unavoidable accident in the warehouse in which the
same shall have been deposited, under the provision of any Act for the ware-
housing of goods.
Abandonment.—It shall be lawful for the commissioners of customs to accept
the abandonment for the duties of any quantity of lees of wine, and to cause
or permit the same to be destroyed, and to deduct such quantity from the total
quantity of the same importation, in computing the amount of the deficiency
of such total quantity. 3 & 4 Will. 4, c. 57, § 33.
Fortifying with Brandy—Filling up Casks—Racking off Lees.—It shall be
lawful, under such regulations as the commissioners of customs may from time
to time require, in the warehouse to draw off and mix with any wine any
brandy secured in the same warehouse, not exceeding the proportion of ten
gallons of brandy to one hundred gallons of wine; and also in the warehouse
to fill up any casks of wine from any other casks of the same, respectively
secured in the same warehouse; and also in any warehouse of special security
to rack off any wine from the lees, and in such warehouse to mix any wines of
the same sort, erasing from the casks all import brands. 3 & 4 Will. 4, c. 57,
§ 31, 32.
RETURN OF DUTY IN CASE OF REI) UCTION IN TARIFF,
(Copy of a Treasury Minute, dated July 7, 1843).
“The Chancellor of the Exchequer communicates to the board, that he has at different times
received representations from the gentlemen engaged in the wine trade, as to the stagnation
in their business, resulting from the apprehensions entertained that certain negotiations
with foreign powers might lead to a ... reduction in the duties on wine.
That he has uniformly stated to the parties, that as wine has been for some time past
removed from the survey of the excise, it is impossible to allow a general return of duty on
the stock in hand at the time of any future reduction.
The Chancellor of the Exchequer, however, submits to the Board, that although the termi-
mation of the negotiation with Portugal has gone far to remove the anxiety of the trade in
this respect, he yet considers it advantageous to adopt some measure to restore confidence
to the trade, by assuring theni, in the event of a reduction of the duties, of a return of
duty under certain limitations, on such wine as may hereafter be taken out of bond; and
would therefore recommend to the board that an assurance should be given to the parties
to the following effect, viz.:
“That in any Act which may be passed on the conclusion of a treaty for reducing the duty
on any foreign wine, provision shall be made for allowing to certain dealers a return of duty
on all such wine as may be henceforth cleared from the customs, provided that a stock
equal thereto shall be found in such dealer’s possession at the time of the reduction of the
duty, or if the stock be less, then on such actual stock, and provided that it be proved that
such wine, if Portugal or French red wine, had paid duty within two years, or if any other
foreign wine, within six months preceding such reduction.
That no return of duty be made to any dealer holding a license authorising him to sell wine,
to be consumed on the premises, unless he hold also a ten guinea license, nor to any dealer
who shall either receive into his stock, or have on the same premises any Cape wine, wine
from the Channel islands, or sweets, or who shall not have conformed to the regulations
laid down by the Commissioners of Excise and Customs, for giving effect to this arrange-
ment.
That declarations be forthwith called for by the Commissioners of Excise, of the stock of
each such dealer, and that the truth of such declaration be tested as accurately as may be,
by an examination of his stock, and of his stock book and bin book; that all wine entered
by a dealer, licensed as hereinbefore provided, be accompanied with a duplicate warrant
from the customs.
Which warrant shall be transferable by special endorsement, from one such dealer to
another, within one month of its date, at which period it must be lodged with the excise:
and if it has been so transferred, proof be given that the wine was actually received into the
stock of the holder of such warrant.
“That every such dealer shall keep a stock book open, at all times, to the inspection of the
officers of excise, which shall contain the stock originally declared, and also entries of every
parcel subsequently received in or delivered out, and a separate entry of all wine exported.
“That when the period arrives for claiming the return of duty, a declaration shall be made by
g
4.
4.
4.
4.
%
g
For QUANTITIES IMPORTED, see MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION, prefixed to
the Journal.
-


PART III.] UNITED KINGDOM.–IMPorts.—Tariff, &c. 125
CLASS XVIII.
SPIRITs AND WINEs—continued.
WINES.–continned.
the dealer, of the quantity and description of his stock, which shall be tested as before; and
if it, or the stock book, be found incorrect, all claim to allowance shall be forfeited. >
“My lords agree with the Chancellor of the Exchequer, and direct copy of this minute to be
forwarded to the Commissioners of Customs and Excise for their guidance, with directions
to carry it into effect, from Monday the 17th July, 1843.”
SAMPLES.
By C. O., Oct. 14, 1843, half a pint of wine may be taken as sample when warehoused.
By C. O., Feb. 21, 1840, the indulgence as to samples applies only to wine in cask, but bottles
of wine may be tasted in the warehouse, duty free, in the proportion of one bottle for every
ten cases of three dozen each, or as many cases to be set aside as will be equal to such
allowance for the purpose of testing.
BOTTLING, RACKING, VATTING, &c.
Wines and Spirits.-By C. O., Aug. 30, 1832, the following regulations are to be adopted on
the bottling of wines and spirits:--
*: º: a separate bonded vault be appropriated to the drawing off spirits and wine into
Ottles.
2nd. That all spirits be subject to the same restrictions as rum, under the 31st section of the
Warehousing Act—viz., to be drawn off into reputed quart or pint bottles, and packed in
cases containing not less than three dozen of such quart, or six dozen such pint bottles each
[Now one dozen quarts.] -
3rd. That no foreign bottles, casks, or packages, except any in which goods shall have been
i. and warehoused, be used, unless the full duties shall have been first paid
thereon.
4th. That if any surplus quantity or sediment remain in the cask, the full duties be immedi-
ately paid thereon, or the same be destroyed in the presence of the proper officers.
5th. That the bottling take place in the presence of the proper officcrs, and under the frequent
superintendence of the landing surveyor.
Racking.—By C. O., June 4, 1834, wine deposited in approved warehouses, although not ap-
ointed as warehouses of special security, may be racked off and mixed as heretofore, all
import brands in the latter case being erased from the cask. >
Fractional Deficiencies.—By C. O., Oct. 7, 1834, no charge to be made on deficiencies in
* wine for any fractional part of a gallon, unless the same shall exceed five-
tenths.
Watting.—By C. O., June 20, 1837, the allowances to be made on wine vatted in a similar
manner to those on British Plantation spirits, subject to the allowances specified in § 19.
3 & 4 Will. 4, c. 57.
Filling up, mixing, &c.—By T. O., May 20, 1830, wines, when deposited in warehouses of
special security, or in warehouses situated near the places of landing and shipping, and de-
clared in the order of approval to be ...}. and capable of affording general
accommodation to the trade, may be allowed to be filled up, fined, and racked, as often as
the owners may deem necessary; the lees to be destroyed without payment of duty, the
uantities destroyed being correctly ascertained, for the purpose of being eventually deducted
om the official accounts.
That wines may be allowed to be mixed with wines of the same description as often as neces-
sary for their preservation or improvement.
As to mixing brandy with wine, see Spirits.
By C. O., jº. 7, 1832, and March 4, 1834, the following regulations are to be ob-
served on the bottling of wine and spirits in bond, viz., that a separate vault be appropriated
for that purpose; that all spirits be drawn off into reputed quart or reputed pint bottles
and packed in cases containing uot less than one dozen such quart, or two dozen such pint
bottles each; that if any surplus quantity or sediment remain in the cask, the full duties be
immediately paid thereon, or the same be destroyed in the presence of the proper officers
and that the bottling do take place in the presence of the proper officers, and under the fre:
quent superintendence of the landing surveyor; and that on the exportation of wine which
may have been so bottled, such facts be expressed in the cocket.
DEFICIENCY ON WINE DESTROYED.
By c. o., February 20, 1833, having read a report from the collector and controller of an
out-port, upon an ap lication requesting permission to destroy two pipes and one hogshead
of wine remaining in bond at that port, and unfit for sale, and it appearing to have becn
the practice in all cases of this description to charge the duty upon any deficiency exceeding
the allowance for matural waste granted by the 40th section | the Warehousing Act; the
board are of opinion, that in all similar cases, the duty should not be charged upon the
deficiency exceeding the said allowance, unless the officers might have substantial ground
for suspecting that fraud had been committed.
For QUANTITIES IMPORTED, see MiscELLANEous INForMATION, prefired to
the Journal.


126 UNITED KINGDOM.–IMports.—Tariff, &c. [1845.
- - - - - - - - Rates of Duty.*
CLASS XVIII. of or from of and from
SPIRITS AND WINEs—continued. Foreign British
Countries. | Possessions.
WINES-continued. 36 s. d. £ s. d.
DU PLICATE WINE WARRANTs.
By C. O., Oct. 2, 1843, “Duplicate Wine Warrants” are, in future, to be issued to “Free
Vintners,” in like manner as they were allowed to be issued to “Licensed Dealers,” by
Treasury Letter, dated July 8th last.
WINE AND SPIRITS TO BE IN SEPARATE ROOMS.
See Spirits, p. 122.
CLASS XIX. —Miscell, ANEovs.
AGATEs or Colts ELIANs, 14.01. value - . 5 () () 5 () ()
Set, 100l. val. - - - . 15 0 0 15 ()
ARMS-
Ammunition and Utensils of War, by way of merchandise, except by license
from His Majesty for furnishing His Majesty's public stores, only; prohibited
to be imported on pain of forfeiture. 3 & 4 Will. 4, c. 52, § 58.
Arms, Gunpourder, &c., shall not be imported into Ireland trithout Licence.—
From and after the commencºment of this Act it shall not be lawful for any
person to import or bring into Ireland any gun, pistol, or other fire-arms, or
any lock, stock, barrel, or other part of any gun, pistol, or other fire-arms, or
any bullets, gunpowder, or ammunition, without having first obtained a licence
for that purpose under the hand of the Lord-Lieutenant or other chief governor
or governors of Ireland, or his or their chief or under-secretary, which licence
shall be in force for such time as shall be therein limited, and shall specify the
number and particular kind of guns, pistols, or other arms, or of locks, stocks,
barrels, or other parts thereof, and the quantity of bullets, gunpowder, or
ammunition thereby licensed to be imported or brought. 6 & 7 Vict. c. 74.
§ 26. [Aug. 22, 1843.]
Arms for Personal Defence or Sporting.—It shall be lawful for any subject of
Her Majesty coming into Ireland to import or bring such arms as are usually
carried for personal defence or for sporting, but no other, upon registering
such arms, and the name and usual or intended place of abode of such person,
with the chief officer of the port where such person shall land, and obtaining
from such officer a licence for the same, which licence shall be granted without
any fee or reward, and shall authorise and empower such person to keep such
arms, without incurring any of the penalties or forfeitures of this Act, until the
general sessions of the peace to be holden twenty-one clear days next after the
date thereof for the county or place wherein such person shall reside, and for
such further period, not exceeding six calendar months, as may be limited by
any two or more justices of the peace assembled at petty sessions for the dis.
trict wherein such person may abide, and which they are hereby authorised to
limit on the application of such person, and upon proof of his not being per-
manently resident in Ireland. § 27.
Arms, &c., without Licence.—If any person shall, contrary to the provisions of
this Act, import or bring into Ireland any gun, pistol, or other fire-arms, or
any stock, lock, barrel, or other part of any gun, pistol, or other fire-arms, or
any bullets, gunpowder, or ammunition, all such articles shall be forfeited to
Her Majesty, and shall and may be seized by any justice of the peace or
peace-officer, or by any officer of Her Majesty's excise or customs; and all
such articles shall, when so seized, be deposited in such place as shall be ap-
* ADD 5 per cent. to each Duty, as mentioned p. 47.
For QUANTITIES IMPORTED, see MIEcELLANEous INForMATION, prefired to
£he Journal.


PART III.] UNITED KINGDOM.–Isſports—Tariff, &c. 127
CLASS XIX.
MiscellANEous—continued.
ARMS-continued.
pointed for the purpose by the said Lord-Lieutenant or other chief governor
or governors; and every importer or bringer thereof, whether owner thereof
or not, shall for every such importion or bringing forfeit any sum not exceed-
ing 10l. § 28. -
Commencement and Duration of Act.—This Act shall commence from such day,
not later than six calendar months next after the passing of this Act, as the
Lord-Lieutenant or other chief governor or governors of Ireland in council
shall, by order to be published in the Dublin Gazette, fix, and shall continue
in force for two years from such day, and from the expiration of such two
years until the end of the then next session of Parliament. § 61.
BAGGAGE–
By 3 & 4 Will. 4, c. 53, § 37, if any passenger or other person on board any
vessel or boat shall, upon being questioned by any officer of customs, whether
he or she has any foreign goods upon his or her person, or in his or her pos-
session, deny the same, and any such goods shall, after such denial, be dis-
covered upon his or her person, or in his or her possession, such goods shall
be forfeited, and such person shall forfeit treble the value of such goods.
By C. O., May 14, 1814, all pictures or images which may be brought into this country, by
foreign princes or noblemen, or persons of distinction, for purposes of devotion, with their
baggage, may be immediately given up without any demand of duty : other articles so
belonging, that actually form part of their wearing apparel, must be submitted to exami-
nation, and if it appear they are really brought for personal use, they may be forthwith
passed; and any other articles may be deposited in the public warehouse, under the custody
of the proper officer, in order that the property may be restored to him whenever he may
return to his native country.
By C. O., Dec. 3, 1816, foreign watches and fowling-pieces, whether new or otherwise, are
to be regularly entered and charged with the proper duties, although the same be brought
from abroad in passengers’ baggage.
By C. L., July 22, 1834, the London practice of allowing the delivery, duty free, of fowling-
pieces of British manufacture, the property of private individuals coming from abroad,
upon the parties making a declaration to the satisfaction of the officers that the articles are
of British manufacture, is to be adopted at the other ports.
By T. L., Jan. 2, 1817, silk stockings, silk handkerchiefs, shoes, and gloves, when they
accompany the proprietors arriving from abroad, and are evidently a part of their baggage,
and have been worn and used, are not to be seized by the officers of customs; provided
such articles do not exceed what may be reasonably allowed according to the rank of the
party in whose baggage the same may be found.
By T. L., Nov. 10, 1817, the baggage of persons arriving from the East Indies is not to be
detained by the officers of customs in consequence of its consisting of chintzes, calicoes, or
any articles of that description, unless the quantity shall appear to be unreasºnable with
reference to the rank of the party; and by order of the board of customs, dated Nov. 14.
1817, care is to be taken that the articles so delivered have been used and worn.
By C. O., Sept. 29, 1827, small quantities of china ware, and other articles of trivial value.
the produce and manufacture of China and the East Indies, may be imported from the
Continent of Europe by passengers with their baggage, on payment of the proper duties,
and a fine proportionate to the value.
By C. O., Dec. 9, 1816, no military stores or baggage, coming from abroad, shall be delivered
without previous examination by a revenue officer.
By T. L., Sept. 26, 1817, British-built carriages actually in use by passengers as their tra-
velling carriages, may pass inwards and outwards without payment of dutics, and without
entries under the restrictions respecting baggage.
By C. O., Aug. 5, 1822, the following regulations have been established : —
That all wearing apparel and baggage accompanying the proprietor, of whatever description.
(except East India articles), be delivered duty free; provided it appears, on the exami-
nation of the officers, that the articles have been really worn, and were not made up for the
purpose of being introduced into this country.
That where the articles are not of the above description, and liable to duty, or where the same
are prohibited, the proprietors be allowed to leave them in the King's warehouses, under
the care of the officers, for a period not exceeding six months, in order to give them an
opportunity of taking them back without payment of duty. .
That these regulations be confined to cases where there is no improper proceeding or attempt
to unship or land articles without the knowledge of the officers.
For QUANTITIEs IM portei), see Misci:Li. As Eot's INForMAttox, prefired
fo the Journal.


128 UNITED KINGDOM.–IMPorts.—Tariff, &c. [1845.
- - ----- Rates of Duty.*
CLASS XIX. of or from of and from
Misceli.A.NEous.-continued. Foreign British
Countries. | Possessions.
BAGGAGE.-continued & s. d. £ s. d.
By C. O., July 15, 1828, it is stated that, applications having been made by passengers arriv-
ing from the continent for the delivery, y: of duty, of certain articles, such as silk vest-
ments for religious purposes, foreign and religious books, professional instruments, and
other articles, upon the grounds of the same being intended for purposes of religion, for
rivate or professional use, or having been previously in constant use by the parties, the
}. will not in future comply with applications of this nature, unless in regard to any
trifling article which may be clearly shown to the board's satisfaction to be necessary to enable
the party to follow any particular profession, such as a flute or violin, or musical or surgical
instrument; and that the article is bona fide the property, and has been in the constant use,
of the party in the ordinary exercise of his profession.
By C. O., Oct. 3, 1820, pistols, when old and used, brought by passengers with their baggage,
and not exceeding one pair to each passenger, may be delivered duty free.
By C. O., Aug. 7, 1833, trifling articles of silk, and small quantities of leather gloves, bona
fide for the private use of the individuals in whose baggage the same may be found, may be
admitted to entry for private use at other packet ports as well as those of London, Dublin,
and Dover.
By C. O., July 22, 1835, fowling-pieces of British manufacture, the property of private indivi-
viduals coming from abroad, are to be delivered duty free, upon the parties making a decla-
ration to the satisfaction of the officers, that the articles are of Bºil manufacture.
By T. O., Sept. 16, 1835, vestments are not to be introduced, duty free, without a special order
from the Treasury.
By C. O., Juiy 19, 1838, letters found in the baggage of passengers, are to be sent to the Post
Office; but such as are letters of credit and personal introduction, may be rendered to the
passengers.
See Books. See also NewsPAPERs and SPIRITs.
BARBADoEs TAR, cwt. - - - . () 2 6 0 2 6
BAskET Rods, Peeled, not exceeding three feet in
circumference at the band, bundle - . () () 6 () () 6
- Unpeeled, bundle - - . () () : () () 3
BASKETs, 100l. value - - - . l () () () 1() () ()
BEADs, ARANGo, 100'. value - - . 15 0 () 15 0 0
CoRAL, 100l. value - - . 15 () () 15 0 0
— JET, 100l. value . - - . 15 () () 15 0 0
——— NOT otherwise enumerated or described,
100l. value - - * - . 15 0 0 15 0 0
By C. O., Sept. 23, 1836, heads, the substance of which is glass, whether coloured or not; or
even although their appearance may be affected by the addition of wax, or any other mate-
rial, and they are, by such means, made to assume the colour and aspect of pearls, are to be
charged with the rated duty as beads of glass.
By O. C. Oct. 28, 1836, these articles do not cease to be Beads or Bugles within the scope of
the terms in which the rated duties are imposed, although they be strung as necklaces and
have clasps attached to them.
BIRDs, viz. Singing Birds, dozen - . () 8 0 0 8 ()
BLACKING, cwt. . - - - . 1 () 0 1 0 0
BLADDERs, dozen - - - . 0 0 3 () O 3
BOOKS, * viz.:-
Being of Editions printed prior to the
year 1801, bound or unbound, cwt. - . 1 () () I () ()
— Being of Editions printed in or since the
year 1801, bound or unbound, cwt. - . 5 0 0 5 0 ()
——— Being of Editions in the Foreign Living
Languages, printed in or since the year 1801,
bound or unbound, cwt. - - . 2 10 0 2 10 0
COPYRIGHT.
Books first Composed or Written in the United Kingdom.—Whereas books first
composed or written or printed in the United Kingdom, and printed or re-
* As to Her Majesty being empowered to reduce these duties, see hereafter under this title.
* ADD 5 per cent. to each Duty, as mentioned p. 47.
For QUANTITIES IMPoRTED, see MiscELLANEous INForMAtroN, prefired
to the Journal.


PART III.] UNITED KINGDOM.–Isiports.-Tariff, &c. 129
CLASS XIX.
MISCELLANEous—continued.
BOOKS-continued.
printed in any other country, imported for sale, except books not reprinted in
the United Kingdom within twenty years, or being parts of collections the
greater parts of which had been composed or written abroad, are absolutely
prohibited to be imported into the United Kingdom : And whereas great abuse
has prevailed with respect to the introduction into this country for private use
of such works so reprinted abroad, to the great injury of the authors thereof,
and of others; it is therefore enacted, that from April 1, 1842, so much of
the said Act as is hereinbefore recited shall be repealed. 5 & 6 Wict. c. 47,
§ 23. [July 9, 1842.
Copyright Books.--All books wherein the copyright shall be subsisting, first
composed or written or printed in the United Kingdom, and printed or re-
printed in any other country, shall be and the same are hereby absolutely pro-
hibited to be imported into the United Kingdom. § 24.
Notice to Commissioners of Customs.-No such book shall be prohibited to be
imported unless the proprietor of such copyright or his agent shall give notice
in writing to the commissioners of customs that such copyright subsists, and
in such notice shall state when such copyright shall expire; and the commis-
sioners of customs shall cause to be made, and to be publicly exposed at the
several ports of the United Kingdom from time to time, printed lists of the
works respecting which such notice shall have been duly given, and of which
such copyright shall not have expired.* $ 25.
Former Acts.-The Acts of 8 Anne, c. 19: Al G. 3, c. 107 and 54 G. 3, c.
156, repealed. 5 & 6 Wict. c. 45, § 1. [July 1, 1842.]
Endurance of Term of Copyright.—The copyright in every book which shall,
after the passing of this Act, be published in the lifetime of its author shall
endure for the natural life of such author, and for the further term of seven
years, commencing at the time of his death, and shall be the property of such
author and his assigns: Provided that if the said term of seven years shall
expire before the end of forty-two years from the first publication of such book,
the copyright shall in that case endure for such period of forty-two years; and
that the copyright in every book which shall be published after the death of its
author shall endure for the term of forty-two years from the first publication
thereof, and shall be the property of the proprietor of the author's manuscript
from which such book shall be first published, and his assigns. § 3.
Subsisting Copyright.—The copyright which at the time of passing this Act shall
subsist in any book theretofore published (except as herein-after mentioned)
shall be extended and endure for the full term provided by this Act in cases of
books thereafter published, and shall be the property of the person who at the
time of passing of this Act shall be the proprietor of such copyright : Pro-
vided always, that in all cases in which such copyright shall belong in whole
or in part to a publisher or other person who shall have acquired it for other
consideration than that of natural love and affection, such copyright shall not
be extended by this Act, but shall endure for the term which shall subsist
therein at the time of passing of this Act, and no longer, unless the author of
such book, if he shall be living, or the personal representative of such author,
if he shall be dead, and the proprietor of such copyright, shall, before the ex-
piration of such term, consent and agree to accept the benefits of this Act in
respect of such book, and shall cause a minute of such consent in the form in
that behalf given in the schedule to this Act annexed to be entered in the book
of registry hereinafter directed to be kept, in which case such copyright shall
* By C. O., March 21, 1843, copies of a list of the works, in respect of which notice has been
received in conformity with the provisions of the abovementioned Act, are to be delivered to
the proper officers of customs, with directions to cause the same to be publicly exposed as
required by the Act: and the Board enjoin the several officers to detain all foreign printed
copies of such works which may be imported, whether for private use or otherwise; observ-
ing to govern themselves by the provisions of 17th section of the copyright Act, 5 & 6 Vict,
c. 45 with respect to any such copies as may be imported for sale or hire. ---
f The list is a very long one: so much so indeed as to form a book of itself—several additions
have been made to it, Ed.
K


130 UNITED KINGDOM.–IMpoRTs.—Tariff, &c. [1845.
CLASS XIX.
Miscº I.L.A.NEors—com/inued.
BOOKS-continued.
endure for the full term by this Act provided in cases of books to be published
after the passing of this Act, and shall be the property of such person or per-
sons as in such minute shall be expressed. § 4.
importing, &c.—If any person shall, in any pºrt of the British dominions, after
the passing of this Act, print or cause to be printed, either for sale or expor-
tation, any book* in which there shall be subsisting copyright, without the
consent in writing of the proprietor thereof, or shall import for sale or hire
any such book so having been unlawfully printed from parts beyond the sea,
or, knowing such books to have been so unlawfully, printed or imported, shall
sell, publish, or expose to sale or hire, or cause to be sold, published, or
exposed to sale or hire, or shall have in his possession, for sale or hire, any
such book so unlawfully printed or imported, without such consent, such
offender shall be liable to a special action on the case at the suit of the pro-
prietor of such copyright, to be brought in any court of record in that part of
the British dominions in which the offence shall be committed : Provided
always, that in Scotland such offender shall be liable to an action in the Court
of Session in Scotland, which shall and may be brought and prosecuted in the
same manner in which any other action of damages to the like amount may be
brought and prosecuted there. § 15
Importing Books Reprinted Abroad.—It shall not be lawful for any person, not
being the proprietor of the copyright, or some person authorised by him, to
import into any part of the United Kingdom, or into any other part of the
British dominions, for sale or hire, any printed book first composed, or
written, or printed and published in any part of the United Kingdom, wherein
there shall be copyright, and reprinted in any country or place whatsoever out
of the British dominions; and if any person, not being such proprietor or
person authorised as aforesaid, shall import, or bring, or cause to be imported
or brought, for sale or hire, any such printed book, into any part of the Bri-
tish dominions, contrary to the true intent and meaning of this Act, or shall
knowingly sell, publish. or expose to sale or let to hire, or have in his posses-
sion for sale or hire, any such book, then every such book shall be forfeited
and shall be seized by any officer of customs or e. , and the same shall be
destroyed by such officer ; and every person so offending, being duly convicted
thereof before two justices of the peace for the county or place in which such
book shall be found, shall also for every such offence forfeit 10l. and double
the value of every copy of such book which he shall so import or cause to be
imported into any part of the British dominions, or shall knowingly sell,
publish, or expose to sale or let to hire, or shall cause to be sold, published,
or exposed to sale or let to hire, or shall have in his possession for sale or hire,
contrary to the true intent and meaning of this Act, 5.7. to the use of such
officer of such customs or excise, and the remainder of the penalty to the use
of the proprietor of the copyright in such book. § 17.
Effect of not making Entry in Registry Book.-No proprictor of copyright in
any book which shall be first published after the passing of this Act, shall
maintain any action or suit, at law or in equity, or any summary proceeding,
in respect of any infringement of such copyright, unless he shall, before com-
mencing such action, suit, or proceeding, have caused an entry to be made, in
the book of registry of the Stationer's Company, of such book, pursuant to
this Act: Provided always, that the omission to make such entry shall not
affect the copyright in any book, but only the right to sue or proceed in respect
of the infringement thereof as aforesaid: Provided also, that nothing herein
contained shall prejudice the remedies which the proprietor of the sole liberty
of representing any dramatic piece shall have by virtue of 3 Will. 4, to amend
the laws relating to dramatic literary property, or of this Act, although no
entry shall be made in the book of registry. § 24.
* Query as to pirating only part of a hook? --El.


PART III.] UNITED KING}}OM.—IM roºts.--Tariff, &c. 131
F-
CLASS XIX.
cGr:/i.ºes.
VIIscº I.L.A.NEots
BOOKS–continued.
Copyright Personal Property.—All copyright shall be deemed personal property,
and shall be transmissible by bequest, or, in case of intestacy, shall be subject
to the same law of distribution as other personal property, and in Scotland
shall be deemed to be personal and moveable estate. § 20.
General Issue and Limitation of Actions.—If any action or suit be brought
against any person whomsoever for doing or causing to be done anything in
pursuance of this Act, the defendants in such action may plead the general
issue, and give the special matter in evidence; and if upon such action a ver-
dict shall be given for the defendant, or the plaintiff shall become monsuited,
or discontinue his action, then the defendant shall have and recover his full
costs, for which he shall have the same remedy as a defendant in any case by
law hath; and all actions, suits, bills, indictments, or informations for any
offence that shall be committed against this Act shall be brought within twelve
calendar months next after such offence committed, or else the same shall be
void and of none effect; provided that such limitation of time shall not extend
to any action, suits, or other proceedings which under the authority of this Act
shall or may be brought, for any copies of books to be delivered for the use of
the British Museum, or of any one of the four libraries hereinbefore men-
tioned. § 26.
Saving the Rights of Unirersifies and Colleges.—Nothing in this Act shall affect
the rights of the two Universities of Oxford and Cambridge, the colleges or
houses of learning within the same, the four Universities in Scotland, the
College of the Holy and Undivided Trinity of Queen Elizabeth near Dublin,
and the several Colleges of Eton, Westminster, and Winchester, in any copy-
rights heretofore and now vested or hereafter to be vested in such Universities
and Colleges respectively. § 27.
Saving subsisting Rights, &c.—Nothing in this Act shall affect any right sub-
sisting at the time of passing of this Act, except as herein expressly enacted;
and all contracts, agreements, and obligations inade and entered into before
the passing of this Act, and all remedies relating thereto, shall remain in full
force. § 28.
Extent of Act.—This Act shall extend to the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, and to every part of the British dominions. § 29.
III.R MAJESTY EMPOWERED TO REſ) UCE DUTIES.
Hou Her Majesty may reduce the Dufies on Foreign Books, Prints, &c.—
Whenever Her Majesty shall, by any order in council declare, that the authors,
| inventors, designers, engravers, or makers of any books, prints, or other
works of art first published in any foreign country, shall have the privilege
of copyright therein, then it shall be lawful for Her Majesty, by any order
in council, to declare that in respect of books and prints, or either of them,
published in and imported from such foreign country, the duties of customs
now payable on the importation of books and prints respectively shall, from
and after a time to be named in such order, altogether cease; and that in lieu
thereof there shall be payable on such books or prints from and after such
time, only such duties of customs as are set forth herein. 7 & 8 Vict. c. 73,
§ 1. [6th August, 1844].
Countries with which Her Majesty has Treafºrs ºf Reciprocity.—With regard
to books and prints published in and imported from any foreign country,
between which country and Iler Majesty there is now subsisting, and shall
at the time of the making of any such order in council as is hereinafter
described subsist, any treaty or convention binding Her Majesty to admit
the books and prints of such country, either conditionally or unconditionally.
into the United Kingdom, on the same terms as those of the most favoured
nation, it shall be lawſul for Her Majesty, by any order in council, to declare
that in respect of books and prints, or either of them, published in and
imported from such foreign country, th: duties of customs nºnsulic tºll
R →


132 UNITED KINGDOM.–IMPorts.--Tariff, &c. [1845.
- - ---- Rates of Duty.”
CLASS XIX. of or from of and from
MiscellANEous—continued. Foreign British
Countries. | Possessions.
BOOKS-continued. .# S. d. .£ s. d
the importation of books and prints respectively shall, from and after a time
to be named therein, altogether cease, and in lieu thereof there shall be
payable on the importation of such books or prints respectively, from and
after such time, only such duties of customs as are set forth herein: provided,
that in case the privileges granted by any treaty to any foreign country, in
respect of which any such order in council shall by virtue of this enactment
be issued, shall have been granted conditionally, such order shall expressly
declare that such foreign country hath duly fulfilled the conditions required
in return for such privileges, and that it is entitled thereto. § 2.
Power to reroke Orders.--It shall be lawful for Her Majesty, by any further order
in council, from time to time to revoke the whole or any part of any order issued
by Her Majesty in council under the authority of this Act; and from and after
a day to be named in such order of revocation, such order issued under the
authority of this Act, or such part thereof as shall be specified in such order
of revocation, shall cease, and the duties of customs now payable upon books
and prints respectively shall be payable in like manner as if such order, or
such part thereof respectively, had not been made. § 3.
Publishing of Orders.--Every order in council, issued under the authority of
this Act, shall, within fourteen days after the issuing thereof, be twice pub-
lished in the London Gazette.
Parliament.—A copy of every order in council, issued under the authority of
this Act, shall be laid before both Houses of Parliament, within six weeks
after issuing the same, if Parliament be then sitting, and if not then within
six weeks after the contmencement of the then next session of Parliament.
Works in the Language or Languages of the
Country of Export, originally produced therein,
or original Works of that Country in the dead
Languages, or other Works in the dead Lan-
guages, with original Commentaries produced in
that Country, cwt. - - - . () 15 () 0 15 0
ALL OTHER WORKS, published in the Country
of Export, if printed prior to the year 1801, cwt. 1 0 0 1 0 0
—— If printed in or since the year 1801, cwt. 2 10 0 2 10 0
PRINTS and DRAWINGS, see hereafter in this Class.
INTERNATIONAL COPYRIGHT ACT.
Former Act Repealed.—The Act of 1 & 2 Vict. c. 59, herein designated as the
International Copyright Act is hereby repealed. 7 Vict. c. 12 $ 1 [10th
May, 1844.]
How Authors, &c. of Works in Foreign Countries to have Copyright.—It shall
be lawful for Her Majesty, by any order of Her Majesty in Council, to direct
that, as respects all or any particular class or classes of the following works,
(namely) books, prints, articles of sculpture, and other works of art, to be
defined in such order, which shall after a future time, to be specified in such
order, be first published in any foreign country to be named in such order,
the authors, inventors, designers, engravers, and makers thereof respectively,
their respective executors, administrators, and assigns, shall have the privilege
of copyright therein during such period or respective periods as shall be defined
in such order, not exceeding, however, as to any of the above-mentioned
works, the term of copyright which authors, inventors, designers, engravers,
and makers of the like works respectively first published in the United King-
* ADD 5 per cent. to each Duty mentioned p. 47.
For QUANTITIES IMPORTED, see MiscELLANEous INForMATION, prefaced to
the Journal.


PART III.] UNITED KINGDOM.--Imports.—Tariff, &c. 133
CIASS XIX.
Misceli,ANEous—continued.
BOOKS-continued.
dom may be then entitled to under the hereinbefore recited Acts respectively
or under any Acts which may hereafter be passed in that behalf. § 2.
How the Copyright Law as to Books first published in this Country shall apply.
—In case any such order shall apply to books, all the enactments of the said
Copyright Amendment Act, and of any other Act for the time being in force
with relation to the copyright in books first published in this country, shall,
from the time so to be specified in that behalf in such order, and subject to
such limitation as to the duration of the copyright as shall be therein contained,
apply to and be in force in respect of the books to which such order shall ex-
tend, and which shall have been registered as herein-after is provided, in such
manner as if such books were first published in the United Kingdom, except
such of the said enactments, or such parts thereof, as shall be excepted in such
order, and except such of the enactments as relate to the delivery of copies of
books at the British Museum, and to or for the use of the other librarics
mentioned in the said Copyright Amendment Act. § 3.
Prints, Sculptures, &c.—How Copyright should apply to Prints or Sculptures.
—In case any such order shall apply to prints, articles of sculpture, or to any
such other works of art as aforesaid, all the enactments of the said en-
graving copyright Acts, and the said sculpture copyright Acts, or of any
other Act for the time being in force with relation to the copyright in
prints or articles of sculpture first published in this country, and of any Act
for the time being in force with relation to the copyright in any similar
works of art first published in this country, shall, from and after the time so
to be specified in that behalf in such order, and subject to such limitation as
to the duration of the copyright as shall be therein contained respectively,
apply in respect of the prints, articles of sculpture, and other works of art to
which such order shall extend, and which shall have been registered as herein-
after is provided, in the same manner as if such articles and other works of
art were first published in the United Kingdom, except such of the enactments
or such parts thereof as shall be excepted in such order. § 4.
How Authors and Composers of Dramatic Pieces and Musical Cºmpositions
first publicly represented and performed in Foreign Countries shall hare similar
Rights in British Dominions.—It shall be lawful for Her Majesty, by any
order of Her Majesty in council, to direct that the authors of dramatic pieces
and musical compositions which shall after a future time, to be specified in
such order, be first publicly represented or performed in any foreign country
to be named in such order, shall have the sole liberty of representing or per-
forming in any part of the British dominions such dramatic pieces or musical
compositions during such period as shall be defined in such order, not exceed-
ing the period during which authors of dramatic pieces and musical composi-
tions first publicly represented or performed in the United Kingdom may for
the time be entitled by law to the sole liberty of representing and performing
the same ; and from the time so specified in any such last-mentioned order
the enactments of the said dramatic literary property Act and of the said
copyright amendment Act, and of any other Act for the time being in force
with relation to the liberty of publicly representing and performing dramatic
pieces or musical compositions, shall, subject to such limitation as to the
duration of the right conferred by any such order as shall be therein contained,
apply to and be in force in respect of the dramatic pieces and musical compo-
sitions to which such order shall extend, and which shall have been registered
as hereinafter is provided, in the same manner as if such dramatic pieces and
musical compositions had been first publicly represented and performed in the
British dominions, except such of the enactments or such parts thereof as shall
be excepted in such order. § 5.
Entry at Stationers' Hall and Delivery of Copies.—No author of any book,
dramatic piece or musical composition, or his executors, administrators, or
assigns, and no inventor, designer, or engraver of any print, or maker of any


13.4 UNITED KING100M.–ſsipoltrs.-- Tariff, &c. [1845.
("LASS XIX.
Misch:1. AN Eotºs—continued.
BOOKS-continued.
article of sculpture, or other work of art, his executors, administrators, or
assigns shall be entitled to the benefit of this Act, or of any order in council
to be issued in pursuance thereof, unless, within a time or times to be in that
behalf prescribed in each such order in council, such book, dramatic piece,
musical composition, print, article of sculpture, or other work of art, shall
have been so registered, and such copy thereof shall have been so delivered as
hereinafter is mentioned; (that is to say,) as regards such book. and also
such dramatic piece ( ; musical composition, in the event of the same having
been printed.) the title to the copy thereºf, the name and place of abode of
the author or composer thereof, the name and place of abode of the proprietor
of the copyright thereof, the time and place of the first publication, represen-
tation, or performance thereof, as the case may be, in the foreign country
named in the order in council under which the benefits of this Act shall be
claimed, shall be entercd in the register book of the company of Stationers in
London, and one printed copy of the whole of such book, and of such dramatic
piece or musical composition, in the event ºf the same having been printed,
and of every volume thereof, upon the best paper upon which the largest
number or impression of the book, dramatic piece, or musical composition
shall have been printed for sale, together with all maps and prints relating
thereto, shall be delivered to the officer of the Company of Stationers at the
Hall of the said company; and as regards dramatic pieces and musical com-
positions in manuscript, the title to the sºme, the name and place of abode of
the author or composer thereof, the name and place of abode of the proprietor
of the rićht of representing or performing the sanie, and the time and place of
the first representation or perform::a::ce thereof in the country named in the
order in council under which the benefit of the Act shall be claimed, shall be
entered in the said register book ºf the said Company of Stationers in London:
and as regards prints, the title thereof, the name and place of abode of the
inventor, designer, or engraver thereof, the name of the proprietor of the
copyright therein, and the time and place of the first publication thereof in
the foreign country named in the order in council under which the benefits of
the Act shall be claimed, shall be entered in the said register book of the said
Company of Stationers in London, and a copy of such print, upon the best
paper upon which the largest number or impressions of the print shall have
been printed for sale, shall be delivered to the officer of the Company of Sta-
tioners at the Hall of the said company; and as regards any such article of
sculpture, or any such other work of art as aforesaid, a descriptive title thereof,
the name and place of abode of the maker thereof, the name of the proprietor
of the copyright therein, and the time and place of its first publication in the
foreign country named in the order in council under which the benefit of this
Act shall be claimed, shall be entered in the said register book of the said
Company of Stationers in London ; and the officer of the said Company of
Stationers receiving such copies so to be delivered as aforesaid shall give a
receipt in writing for the same, and such delivery shall to all intents and pur-
poses be a sufficient delivery under the provisions of this Act. § 6.
Books Published anonymously.—If a book be published anonymously it shall be
sufficient to insert in the entry thereof in such register book the name and
place of abode of the first publisher thereof, instead of the name and place of
abode of the author thereof, together with a declaration that such entry is
made either on behalf of the author or on behalf of such first publisher, as the
case may require. § 7.
Copyright Amendment Act as regards Entries in the Register Book of the Com-
pany of Stationers, &c., to apply to Entries under this Act.—The several
enactments in the Copyright Amendment Act with relation to keeping the
register book, and the inspection thereof, the searches therein, and the delivery
of certified and stamped copies, the reception of such copies in evidence, the
making of false entries in the said book, and the production in evidence of
papers falsely purporting to be copies of entries in the said book, the applica-


PART III.] UNITED KINGDOM.–IMpoRrs.–Tariff, ye. 135
CLASS XIX.
MISCELLANEOUS—continued,
BOOKS-continued.
tions to the courts and judges by persons aggrieved by entries in the book,
and the expunging and varying such entries, shall apply to the books, dramatic
pieces and musical compositions, prints, articles of sculpture, and other works
of art to which any order in council issued in pursuance of this Act shall ex-
tend, and to the entries and assignments of copyright and proprietorship
therein, in the same manner as if such enactments were here expressly enacted
in relation thereto, except that the forms of entry prescribed by the Copyright
Amendment Act may be varied to meet the circumstances of the case, and
that the sum to be demanded by the officer of the Company of Stationers for
making any entry required by this Act shall be one shilling only. § 8.
Spurious Works.-Every entry made in pursuance of this Act of a first publi-
cation shall be primd facie proof of a rightful first publication; but if there
be a wrongful first publication, and any party have availed himself thereof
to obtain an entry of a spurious work, no order for expunging or varying
such entry shall be made, unless it be proved to the satisfaction of the court,
or of the judge taking cognizance of the application for expunging or varying
such entry, first, with respect to a wrongful publication in a country to which
the author or first publisher does not belong, and in regard to which there
does not subsist with this country any treaty of international copyright, that
the party making the application was the author or first publisher, as the
case requires; second, with respect to a wrongful first publication either in a
country where a rightful first publication has taken place, or in regard to
which there subsists with this country a treaty of international copyright, that
a court of competent jurisdiction, in any such country where such wrongful
first publication has taken place, has given judgment in favour of the right
of the party claiming to he the author or first publisher. § 9
Certain Copies of Books printed in Foreign Countries prohibited to be In-
ported.—All copies of books wherein there shall be any subsisting copyright
under this Act, or of any order in council made in pursuance thereof, printed
or reprinted in any foreign country except that in which such books were first
published, are hereby absolutely prohibited to be imported into any part of
the British dominions, except with the consent of the registered proprietor of
the copyright thereof, or his agent authorised in writing, and if imported con-
trary to this prohibition the same, and the importers thereof, shall be subject
to the enactments in force relating to goods prohibited to be imported by
any Act relating to the customs; and as respects any such copies so pro-
hibited to be imported, and also as respects any copies unlawfully printed in
any place whatsoever of any books wherein there shall be any such subsisting
copyright, any person who shall in any part of the British dominions import
such prohibited or unlawfully printed copies, or who, knowing such copies to
be so unlawfully imported or unlawfully printed, shall sell, publish, or expose
to sale or hire, or have in his possession for sale or hire, any such copies so
unlawfully imported or unlawfully printed, such offender shall be liable to a
special action on the case at the suit of the proprietor of such copyright, to
be brought and prosecuted in the same courts and in the same manner, and
with the like restrictions upon the proceedings of the defendant, as are
respectively prescribed in the Copyright Amendment Act, with relation to
actions thereby authorised to be brought by proprietors of copyright against
persons importing or selling books unlawfully printed in the British domi-
nions. § 10.
British Museum.—The officer of the Company of Stationers shall receive at the
hall of the Company every book, volume, or print, so to be delivered, and
within one calendar month after receiving such book, volume, or print, shall
deposit the same in the library of the British Museum. § 11.
Second or Subsequent Editions.—It shall not be requisite to deliver to the
officer of the Stationers' Company any printed copy of the second or of any
subsequent edition of any book so delivered, unless the same shail contain
additions or alterations. $ 12.


136 UNITED KINGDOM.–IM ports.—Tariff, &c. [1845.
CP, ASS XIX.
Miscº I.I.A.NEous—continued.
BOOKS-continued.
How Orders in Council may specify different Periods for different Foreign
Countries, and for different Classes of Works.-The respective terms to be
specified by such orders in council respectively for the continuance of the
privilege to be granted in respect of works to be first published in foreign
countries may be different for works first published in different foreign
countries, and for different classes of such works; and the times to be pre-
scribed for the entries to be made in the register book of the Stationers’
Company, and for the deliveries of the books and other articles to the officer
of the Stationers' Company, as hereinbefore is mentioned, may be different
for different foreign countries, and for different classes of books or other
articles. § 13.
Reciprocal Protection.—No such order in council shall have any effect unless it
shall be therein stated, as the ground for issuing the same, that due pro-
tection has been secured by the foreign power so named in such order in
council for the benefit of parties interested in works first published in the
dominions of Her Majesty, similar to those comprised in such order. § 14.
London Gazette.—Every order in council to be made under the authority of
this Act shall, as soon as may be, after the making thereof by Her Majesty in
council, be published in the London Gazette, and from the time of such pub-
lication shall have the same effect as if every part thereof were included in
this Act. § 15.
Orders to be laid before Parliament.—A copy of every order of Her Majesty in
council, made under this Act, shall be laid before both Houses of Parliament
within six weeks after issuing the same, if Parliament be then sitting, and iſ
not, then within six weeks after the commencement of the then next session
of Parliament. § 16.
How Orders may be reroked.—It shall be lawful for Her Majesty by any order
in council from time to time to revoke or alter any order in council previously
made under the authority of this Act, but novertheless without prejudice to
any rights acquired previously to such revocation or alteration. § 17.
Translations.—Nothing in this Act shall be construed to prevent the printing,
publication, or sale of any translation of any book, the author whereof and
his assigns may be entitled to the benefit of this Act. § 18.
Authors not entitled to Copyright ercept under this Act.—Neither the author
of any book, nor the author or composer of any dramatic piece, or musical
composition, nor the inventor, designer, or engraver of any print, nor the
maker of any article of sculpture, or of such other work of art as aforesaid,
which shall after the passing of this Act be first published out of Her Ma-
jesty's dominions, shall have any copyright therein respectively, or any ex-
clusive right to the public representation or performance thereof, otherwise
than such (if any) as he may become entitled to under this Act. § 19.
How Act to be constrated.—In the construction of this Act the word “Book ’’
shall be construed to include “Volume,” “Pamphlet,” “Sheet of Letter-
press,” “Sheet of Music,” “Map,” “Chart,” or “Plan;” and the ex-
pression “Articles of Sculpture,” shall mean all such sculptures, models,
copies, and casts as are described in the said Sculpture Copyright Acts, and
in respect of which the privileges of copyright are thereby conferred; and the
words “Printing” and “Re-printing,” shall include engraving and any
other method of multiplying copies; and the expression “Her Majesty,”
shall include the heirs and successors of Her Majesty; and the expressions
“Order of Her Majesty in Council,” “Order in Council,” and “Order,”
shall respectively mean order of Her Majesty, acting by and with the advice
of Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council; and the expression
“Officer of the Company of Stationers,” shall mean the officer appointed by
the said Company of Stationers for the purposes of the said Copyright
Amendment Act; and in describing any persons or things, any word im-
porting the plural number shall mean also one person or thing, and any word
importing the singular number shall include several persons or things, and


PART III.] UNITED KINGDOM.–IMPorts.-Tariff, &c. 137
y Rates of Duty.”
- CLASS XIX. Of or from Of and from
~. MISCELLANEous—continued. c. rº
'les, ssess -
BOOKS-continued. f s. d. 36 s. d.
any word importing the masculine shall include also the feminine gender;
unless in any of such cases there shall be something in the subject or context
repugnant to such construction. § 20.
By T. L., April 2, 1836, a prospectus written in the English language, although describing
works in foreign languages, is to be considered as an English book, and subject to the
higher duty of customs, although the works themselves, to which the prospectus refers, be
only subject to the lower duty.
Translations into French of the classics to be considered as books in a dead language, and
ay duty accordingly, notwithstanding any translation or commentary in a living language
§ which it may be accompanied.
By T. O., Oct. 3, 1818, to prevent books and maps, brought over by passengers, from being
charged with duty more than once, the proprietor shall, on each importation subsequent to
the original, declare that the duties were paid on their original importation, or that he pur-
chased them in Great Britain in fair way of trade; that they are the identical books or maps
which he exported from this kingdom, and that they are now brought back for his private
use, and not for sale in this country.
By C. O., July 13, and Nov. 4, 1839, the Lords of the Treasury are of opinion that books—
being such as can be legally imported—printed in the English language in a B. P. in India,
or in the English colonies, should be admitted to entry at the same rate of duty as books
printed in the foreign living languages.
By T. L., Feb. 25, 1812, it is stated that great abuse having prevailed with respect to the in-
troduction of works piratically printed abroad, under the Treasury minute, dated June 29,
1830, the importation of copies of pirated works into the United Kingdom is to be abso-
lutely prohibited, and the words “importation for sale” are to be omitted in the above re-
striction; and as regards the delivery of copies of pirated works brought by passengers, my
Lords are pleased to rescind the Treasury Order of June 29, 1830, and to direct that, in
future, one copy only of such works should be allowed when forming part of the passengers’
luggage, and when actually used, so as to be no longer saleable as new or uninjured works.
Formerly it was the practice for the Customs authorities to permit passengers arriving from
the continent and the United States to import in their baggage for their own private use pirated
editions of works written by English authors and first published in this country, on certain con-
ditions—viz., that the privilege be limited to one copy only of each work, that they contain the
name of the owner on the fly leaf, had evidently been in use for a considerable period, and were
imported solely for the private use of the party, and not for sale or merchandise; but since the
New Copyright Act, 5th and 6th Victoria, cap. 47, came into operation, this privilege has neces-
sarily been discontinued. Numerous º have been made on the subject to the
Lords of the Treasury, by moblemen and gentlemen arriving in this country after lengthened
tours in Italy and France, complaining of the detention of º editions found in their bag-
gage by the Customs officers, stating that the books have been in their possession for a long
time, and are solely for their own private use, and requesting their delivery ; who have in every
instance been informed by their Lordships that it was totally impossible to comply with their
request, as, in pursuance of the express provisions of the act, the works had been destroyed.
An order of considerable importance to the public has since come into operation, by which it is
directed that pirated works found in the baggage of passengers shall not be immediately de-
stroyed, but shall remain in the warehouse for a period of three months, an account containing
a list of the same being sent quarterly to the board, in order to obtain the order for their de-
struction, which is not to take place till the expiration of a month from the date of the order.
Persons who may be owners of pirated editions, and who from length of possession or private
family reasons may be anxious to retain them in their possession, will do well to obtain the sanc-
tion of the owner of the copyright to their admission; which being obtained, they will expe-
rience no difficulty in obtaining their delivery. The order which has been issued by the Customs
authorities with respect to the period of their destruction is important, inasmuch as a consider-
able time is now afforded to parties to make application to the owners of the copyrights for their
permission to be allowed to keep such works in their possession, an advantage which previously
to the order being issned, did not exist.
SIZES.
Folio is the largest size, of which 2 leaves, or 4 pages, make a sheet. Quarto (4to.) 4 leaves,
or 8 pages. Octavo (8vo., 8 leaves, or 16 pages. Duodecimo (12ino. 12 leaves or 24 pages.
Octodecimo 18mo.) 18 leaves, or 36 pages.—Ed.
See PRINTs brought by Passengers in this Class.
See BAGGAGE in this Class.
BONES of CATTLE and other Animals, and of Fish
(except Wii ALE Fins), whether burnt or not, or as
Animal Charcoal, ton . - - . () 0 6 0 0 6
* ADD 5 per cent. to each Duty, as mentioned p. 47.
For Qu'Astities IMponted, see Miscella.NEous INForMATIos, prºfued to
the Journal.


138 UNITED KINGDOM.–IMPoRTs.—Tariff, &c. [1845.
- - C-- ~~ --- Rates of Duty.*
CIASS XIX. Of or from Of and from
Miscell,ANEous—continued. Foreign British
Countries. Posscssions,
BONES-confinued. £ s. d. .C. s. d.
By c. O., Sept. 29, 1842, it is stated that several cargoes of bones having been imported into
England from South America, for home use, in contravention of the 4th Section of the Na-
vigation Act of 3rd and 4th William IV., cap. 54, ſp. 1] the importing vessels not being
British vessels, or vessels of the country of which the bones were the produce, and the
Lords of the Treasury having been pleased, by Mr. Trevelyan's letter of the 18th August
last, to direct the Board to issue the following general notice, ris. :--
By the Commissioners for Managing Her Majesty’s Customs.
Whereas several importations of bones of cattle have been made into the ports of the United
Kingdom from Buenos Ayres and other places in South America, in Swedish vessels, con-
trary to the provisions of an Act passed in 3rd and 4th years of the reign of His late Majesty
King William the Fourth, entitled “An Act for the encouragement of British ships and
navigation.” And whereas, it has been found expedient to prevent such irregularities in
future, the Commissioners of Her Majesty's customs, pursuant to directions received from
the Lords of the Treasury,
HEREBY (, iv. F. Notic'E
That upon any similar importations into the United Kingdoin, of bones of cattle from South
America, in “oreign vessels, not belonging to the countries of which the bones are the pro-
duce, such bol:es will not be permitted to be entered for home consumption.
Boxes of all Sorts, excepting those made wholly or
partly of Glass, on which the proper Glass Duty
will be levied, 100l. val - - , 10 () () 5 0 (#
By C. O., Jan. 6, 1843, boxes with self-acting music are to be charged with the ad valorem
duty of 15 per cent. as Musical Instruments; and empty boxes, not otherwise enumerated,
are to be passed at the ad calorem duty of 10 per cent., or of 5 per cent. if of and from a
British possession.
By G. O., Sept. 8, 1843, a diversity of practice appearing to prevail in charging the duty on
work boxes, work tables, &c. of Lacquered ware, fitted up with other materials, the duty,
in some instances, being charged at the rate of 20 per cent. ad ralorem, and in other cases
at 15 per cent.: and the Board being of opinion that such boxes, tables, &c., should in
future be charged with the duty of 15 per cent, only, uniess the fittings or materials belong-
ing thereto (not being Japanned or Lacquered ware, should exceed the value of the article
as a work box, work table, &c. without such ſittings, or materials, in which case the duty of
20 per cent, ad ralorem is to be charged upon the whole as goods manufactured, and not
otherwise rated,
By T. O., March 7, 1844, authority is given to “ſlow Boxes with Glass not exceeding four
inches square if angular, and six inches in diameter if circular, to be admitted at the duty
of 20 per cent. ad ralorem, as goods manufactured not otherwise enumerated.
BR1stLEs, rough, and in the tufts, and not in any
way sorted, cwt. - - - ... O 2 6 0 2 6
––––– In any way sorted, or arranged in colours,
and not entirely rough and in the tufts, lb. ... O 0 3 0 0 3
If any part of the bristles in a package be such as to be subject to the higher
duty, the whole contents of the package shall be subject to the higher duty.
BRocade of GoLD or SILVER, 100l. value . 20 0 () 20 () ()
BULLRUs HEs, ton - - - , 0 1 0 () 0 10 0
CANDLES:—
--- SP:RMAcLT1, lb. - - . () () 6 0 0 6
--- STEARIN:, lb. - - . 0 0 23 0 0 23
-——— TALLow, cwt. - - ... O 10 () 0 10 0
--- WAx, lb. . - - , () () 4 () () 4
CANES :-
-—— BAMBoo, 1,000 - - . () () 6 0 0 6
——— RATTANs, not ground, 1,000 . . () 5 () O 5 ()
— REED CANEs, 1,000 - - . . 0 5 0 0 5 0
-——— WALKING CANE's or STIcks. mounted,
painted, or otherwise ornamented, 100l. value 20 0 O 20 O 0
— Or STIcks, unenumerated, 1,000 ... O 5 () 0 5 0
* ADD 5 per cent. to each Duty, as mentioned p. 47.
For QUANTITIES IMPORTED, see MiscELLANEous INForMATION, prefixed to
the Journal.


PART III.] UNITED KINGDOM.–Imports.—Tariff, &c. 139
Rates of Duty. *
CLASS XIX. of or from of and from
MISCELLAN Eous—continued, Foreign British
Countries. Possessions,
£ s. d. £ s. d.
CARDs, viz., PLAYING CARDs, doz. packs . , 4 () () 4 () ()
No playing cards, which, having been made out of the United Kingdom, and
imported, shall be deposited in warehouse pursuant to the General Ware-
housing Act (Part VIII.), without the name of the foreign maker, or having
the name, &c. of any British card-maker thereon, but shall be forfeited.
9 Geo. 4, c. 18.
By C. O., May 11, 1836, foreign cards, seized in consequence of the name and address of the
maker not being marked on the outside wrapper of each pack, allowed to be returned to the
port of shipment, on proof that no fraud was contemplated by the shippers.
CARRIAGEs of all sorts, 100l. val. . - . 20 () () 20 () ()
CAsks, Empty, 100l. val. . - - . 25 0 O 25 0 0
By C. O., May 5, 1835, empty, packages of British manufacture, crported with merchandisc
and returned, are to be admitted to entry duty free,
See packages of goods abandoned, p. 48.
By C. O., Oct. 23, 1835, a question having arisen at one of the out-ports whether sundry
empty casks of Foreign manufacture, from which wine had been racked off in a bonded
warehouse, should be charged with duty as if the casks had been empty at the time of im-
portation, the Board direct that the practice which has obtained at the dock establishment
at this port of delivering, free of duty, packages from which wine or spirits have been racked,
or drawn off, or started and destroyed, be adopted generally
By C. O., Nov. 23, 1839, it is stated, that, in all cases, the packages of goods, allowed to be
abandoned, should be delivered, duty free, as directed by their general Minute of October
20, 1835, in regard to “Casks” from which wine or spirits had been drawn off in bond;
rovided always that the landing surveyors are satisfied that such packages are of the usual
§. and of a sort necessary for the preservation of the goods contained therein; and
the Board are also of opinion that such indulgence should be extended to all casks of mo-
lasses, oil, sugar, tar, turpentine, wine, and spirits, landed empty or on ullage, and emptied
in order to fill up other casks.
By C. O., Feb. 7, 1838, Oil Cakes and Rags having been imported in casks, which packages
were not necessary for the preservation of the goods, and were adapted for herring barrels,
on importations of this nature, the duty is to be charged upon the packages as emptyoasks.
CAsts of Busts, STATUEs, or FIGUREs, cwt. ... O 2 6 0 2 6
Casts of sculptures or models, first made in the United Kingdom, copies of,
prohibited to be imported. See this more fully under Stone, sculptured,
CLASS XVI.
CATLINGs, gross, containing 12 doz, knots . () 3 () () 3 ()
CHIP of WILLow, for platting, cwt. - . 0 0 1 () () 1
CHURCHEs.—The duties of customs and excise on stone, slate, bricks,
timber, or other material, bona fide procured for, and used in the build-
ing, rebuilding, or enlarging of any churches or chapels, under the regu-
lations of the Acts 58 Geo. 3, c. 45; 59 Geo. 3, c. 134; and 3 Geo. 4,
c. 72, may be remitted, under the authority of the Lords of the Treasury.
By 1 Vict. c. 75, July 17, 1837, continued for 10 years, from July 20, 1838,
and thence unto the end of the next Session of Parliament.
CLOCKS, 1007. val. - - - . 20 () () 20 () ()
or WATCIIPs, of any metal, impressed with
any mark or stamp, appearing to be or to repre-
sent any legal British assay, mark, or stamp, or
purporting, by any mark, or appearance, to be of
the manufacture of the United Kingdom . Prohibited. Prohibited.
Clocks and watches of any metal, impressed with any mark or stamp appear-
ing to be or to represent any legal British assay, mark, or stamp, or pur-
porting by any mark or appearance to be of the manufacture of the United
Kingdom, or not having the name and place of abode of some foreign maker
* App 5 per cent. to each Duty, as ºnentioned, p. 47.
For QUANTITIES IMPorted, see MiscellANEous INForMATION, 4 refixed to
the Journal.


140 UNITED KINGDOM.–IMpoRTs.—Tariff, &c. [1845.
* w Rates of Duty.*
CLASS XIX. Of or from Of and from
MiscellANous—continued. Foreign British
Countries. | Possessions,
CLOCKS-continued. .8 s. d. & S. d.
abroad, visible on the frame and also on the face, or not being in a complete
state, with all the parts properly fixed in the case, prohibited to be imported
on pain of forfeiture. 3 & 4 Will. IV., c. 52, § 58.
By C. O., June 16, 1837, the statute will be sufficiently complied with, if the name and place
of abode of the foreign maker be made permanently visible on the frame, and also on the
face of the watch, &c.
By C. O., Sept. 6, 1828, and June 15, 1838, clocks and watches not marked as required by
law, so as to be admissible for home use on importation, are to be sold at the Custom House
sales, for exportation only ; but may be admitted to entry, upon the party importing the
same making a declaration of his entire ignorance of the law at the time he purchased the
clocks or watches, and that they are for his own private use.
By C. O., Aug. 19, 1844, it is stated that it having been decided that clocks of the description
usually imported into this country from the United States of America, do not in strictness
fall within the above prohibition in consequence of the maker's name and place of abode,
not being marked on the frame and on the face; such clocks being of a peculiar construc-
tion, and the works similar to those of common Dutch clocks, the officers are to govern
themselves accordingly, observing that when the clocks in question are fitted with pieces of
silvered glass, such glass is to be charged with the duty payable thereon under Class XIII.,
in addition to the ad valorem duty of 20 per cent. due upon the clocks.
CORAL, viz.:-
-- In fragments, lb. - - . () () 2 0 0 1
———— Whole, polished, lb. • - . 0 1 2 () 0 0 6
- — Unpolished, lb. - • . () 5, 6 () () (;
By T. L., March 27, 1843, authority is given to repack and divide Coral Beads in bond.
By C. Q., April 27, 1843, the General Order, by which Coral Beads are allowed to be repacked
and divide in Bond, is extended to Coral Negligees.
CoRK, ton • - • • , () 1 0 () 1 ()
By 3 & 4 Will. 4., c. 54, § 2, Cork, being the produce of Europe, shall not be
imported into the United Kingdom, to be used therein, except in British ships,
or in ships of the country of which the goods are the produce, or in ships of
the country from which the goods are imported.
By C. O., Dec. 23, 1840, Cork cut into small flat pieces, of from 3 to 5 inches square, with a
hole in the centre for the purpose of being used as floats for fishing-nets, and not to be ma-
nuſactured into corks for bottles, &c., may be admitted ot the lower rate of duty, viz. 20 per
cent., ad valorem.
CoRks ready made, lb. - - - . () () 8 0 0 8
Squared for rounding, cwt. • . () 16 () () 16 ()
——— Fishermen's, cwt. - - . () 2 () () 2 ()
By C. O., May 16, 1839, it is stated, that the duty chargeable on corks, ready made, cannot
be considered to attach to corks used in bottling wine abroad, and imported in bottles.
CRAYons, 100l. value - • - . 15 () () 15 0 ()
DERELICT. —Foreign Goods, Derelict, Jetsam, Flotsam, Lagan, or Wreck,
brought or coming into Great Britain or Ireland, are subject to the same
duties, and entitled to the same drawbacks, as goods of the like kind regu-
larly imported.
Goods reported to the officers of customs as Jetsam, Flotsam, or Lagan, and
not claimed within 12 months, to be condemned as Droits of Admiralty. 6 &
7 Will. 4, c. 60, § 7.
It is expedient, for the due protection of the revenue, that no abatement of the
duties should be made upon cantharides, cocoa, coffee, coculus indicus, cur-
rants, figs, guinea grains, ipecacuanha, jalap, lemons, nux vomica, opium,
oranges, pepper, raisins, rhubarb, Sarsaparilla, Senna, spirits, sugar, tea
tobacco, and wine ; it is therefore enacted, that no abatement of the duties
* ADD 5 per cent. to each Duty, as mentioned p. 47.
For QUANTITIES IMPORTED, see MiscELLANEous INFORMATION, prefived to
the Journal.


PART III.] UNITED KINGDOM.–IMports.—Tariff, 3c. 141
Rates of Duty.*
CLASS XIX. Of or from Of and from
MISCELLANEous—continued. Foreign British
Countries. Possessions.
DERELICT-continued, 36 s. d. £ s. d.
payable upon such goods found Derelict, Jetsam, Flotsam, or Wreck, shall be
made or allowed. 5 & 6 Wict. c. 47, § 17. [July 9, 1842.]
As to Duty on Ships wrecked, see Ships, Class XV.
As to payment of Duty on Tobacco wrecked, see Tobacco Class XVII.
As to Duty on 1’ortuguese Vessels wrecked, see Portugal.—Part X.
As to DANGERs of THE SEAs, see Part VI.
By C. O., April 29, 1819, in all cases of wreck, the officers are to use every care and expedition
for º preservation of the property, and for the speedy clearance of the goods for their des-
timed port.
By C.O., February 4, 1834, goods salved from wreck may be forwarded in a coasting vessel
to the port of original destination.
By C. O., January 28, 1841, the former regulations to be observed in cases of vessels wrecked
on their homeward voyages, where the parties are desirous of having their cargoes forwarded
to the port of destination, are rescinded, and the following are to be observed, ric. :—
That in cases where vessels are wrecked on their homeward voyages and the parties are de-
sirous of having the cargoes forwarded to the port of destination, the collector and controller
may allow the re-shipment thereof for that purpose, in continuation of the original voyage,
taking care that previously to the delivery an accurate account (where practicalle) be taken
of the marks, numbers, and contents of the cargo, that security, by bond, in the full amount
of the duties, be given for the delivery thereof into the custody of the proper officers at the
destined port; and that the account so taken be transmitted, by post, to the collector and
controller of such port, in order that upon the arrival of the vessel which brings the same,
the usual proceedings, on the importation of goods from foreign ports, may take place. The
latter officers are to take care to apprise the collector and ...}. at the port of removal,
when the goods shall have been duly landed, or otherwise, in the same manner as is ob-
served in the case of goods removed from port to port, under the Warehousing Regulations.
That when it shall appear, from any particular circumstances, that the quantity and quality
of the goods cannot be accurately ascertained, and the penalty of the |. be calculated,
the goods be accompanied by and under the charge of trusty tide-waiters, at the expense of
the crown, the collector and controller furnishing, by post, all the particulars of the goods
in their power, to the collector and controller at the port of destination, who are to report
specially to the Board, should any irregularity appear to have taken place during the transit,
and to take care that the tide-waiters return to their proper duty as soon as practicable.
Derelict goods are those intentionally cast away or abandoned.—Ed.
It is observed, that in order to constitute a legal wreck, the goods must come to land. If they
continue at sea, the law distinguishes them by the barbarous and uncouth appellations of
Jetsam, Floatsam, and Lagan. Jetsam is where the goods are cast into the sea, and there
sink and remain under water; floatsán is where they continue swimming on the surface of
the waves; lagan is where they are sunk in the sea, but tied to a cork or buoy, in order to
be found again.—Blackstone.
DIAMoNds - - • - - Free. Free.
By 3 & 4 Will. 4, c. 52, § 2, Diamonds may be landed in the United King-
dom without report, entry or warrant.
Dice, pair - - -
Down, lb. - -
DROITS OF ADMIRALTY.
Upon the sale of Droits of Admiralty in the United Kingdom the like
duties as are due on the importation into the United Kingdom of the like
sort of goods shall be payable thereon. 1 & 2 Vict, c. 113, § 5. [Aug.
16, 1838.]
1 6 2
- - . 0 1 3
§
2
l
0 7
º
EMBR.oidERY and NEEDLEwork, 100l. value . 20 0 0 20 0 0
FEATHERS for Beds, in Beds or otherwise, cwt. 1 0 0 0 10 0
— Ostricii, Dressed, lb. - . 1 10 0 1 10 0
------ Undressed, lb. - . 0 0 1 0 0 1
* ADD 5 per cent. to each Duty, as mentioned p. 47.
For QUANTITIEs IMpoRTED, see MiscellANEous INForMATION, prefixed
to the Journal.


142 UNITED KINGDOM.–IM ports.--Tariff, &c. [1845.
i - C - ~ * - 2.4° ... k
CLASS XIX. of ...” fººd from
Miscell. AN Eous—confinued. Foreign British
Countries. Possessions.
FEATHERS–continued. #! s. d. 4 s. d.
———— NOT otherwise enumerated or de-
scribed, viz.:-
---- DREss::D, 10 l. value - . 1 () () () 1 J () ()
———- UN DR Essi,i), 100'. value - . 5 () () 5 () ()
— ———— PADIY B: RI), lb. - - , () l () () 1 ()
FLow ER Roots, 106!. value - - . 5 () () 5 () ()
Flow ERs, Artificial, not made of silk, 10.0/. value 25 0 () 25 0 0
FRAMEs, for Pictures, Prints, or Drawings, 1007.
ſalue - - - - . 1 () () () 10 () ()
GARNITs, lb. - - - - . () 5 0 0 5 (3
— Cut, lb. - - - . 0 15 0 () 15 ()
GREASE, cwt. - - - - . () 1 8 () () 3
By T. L., Sept. 22, 1821, it is stated that their Lordships have given general directions that,
whenever any article is intended as grease, the whole of the packages should be carefully
and duly examined by the proper officers on the quays; and should the same not appear to
be the fat of animals, but deteriorated or damaged butter, the article should not be de-
livered out of the custody of the officers, as grease, until a sufficient quantity of tar, or other
ingredient be mixed there with, at the expense of the importer, so as to render it unsale-
able as butter, and only fit for the purposes to which grease is applicable; and in case of
doubt on the part of the water-side officers, whether the article is damaged butter or other-
wise, the officers to cause the same to be viewed by some respectable persons in the trade;
and previously to the delivery thereof to su'rmit their opinion for the direction of the Com-
missioners of Customs.
GRE ºvºs, for Dogs, cwt. - - . () 2 () () 2 ()
— T \LLow, ton [7 Vict. c. 16 - . () I () () 1 ()
{}UNPowDLR, cwt. • - - . 1 () () 1 () ()
Gunpowder, except by license from His Majesty, such license to be granted for
furnishing IIis Majesty's stores only, prohibited to be imported on pain of
forfeiture. 3 & 4 Will. 4, c. 52, § 58.
By Admiralty Warrant, 26th Sept. 1814, it is ordered that from 10th October, 1844, no private
ship of war, transport or other private or merchant vessel, shall come or be laden with or have
on board thereof any quantity of gunpowder, exceeding 5th. in the whole, in any places in the
River Thames above Barking Reach.
GUN-stocks in the rough, of walnut or other woods,
cwt • - - - - . () () 6 () () (;
GUANO, ton - - e - . () l () () I ()
At the fourteenth meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science, on
Saturday, Sep. 28, 1844, a paper was read “On Guano,” by Mr. Warrington.—This was a
notice, intended particularly to draw attention to the imperfect manner in which the estimation
of the nitrogen in the analysis of guano, was given to the agriculturist. On the quantities of
nitrogen depended, in a great degree, the value of a given sample, whereas in general the quam-
tity of ammoniacal salts was only given. It appears, from the use of guano in the production
of the prussiate of potash, that the quantities of this element are always understated.
A conversation ensued as to the relative value of the Peruvian and African guano. It was
remarked, that in some cases it had been found, that the weight of the ear produced by the use
of guano, was too great for the stalk to support; consequently it fell, and the grain was injured;
and information as to a means of giving greater stiffness to the straw, was much to be desired.
Sir John Johnson observed, that the value of guano was supposed to depend on the quantity
of uric acid it contained: he begged to inquire if any experimental evidence existed as to the
qualities of this acid as a stimulant or otherwise.—Prof. Liebig stated, that there was not a
single experiment on uric acid—that all which had been said as to its advantages, was mere
assumptions—Dr. Tilley made some remarks on the fact, that the skin of the leg of a gull had
been found by him in guano, the entire bone of the leg being dissolved out; seal skin had also
been found, but no bones.—Mr. Hunt stated, that of two cargoes of African guano, which arrived
at Falmouth, one entire cargo consisted of decomposed seals. In this he found the skin with the
fur quite perfect, and a great number of bones far advanced in decomposition. . It'appeared, on
inquiry in various quarters, that half a century since the seal fishery was carried on most exten-
sively on that coast, the seals were all taken to the shore, the oil extracted, and the remains
thrown into large heaps—thus, on this particular spot, had accumulated those immense heaps,
* ADD 5 per cent. to each Duty, as mentioned p, 47.
For QUANTITIES IMPoRTED, see MiscellANEous INFoEMATION, prefixed to
#he Journal.


PART III.] UNITED KINGDOM.–IMpoRTs.—Tariff, &c. 143
* T ~ * Rates of Duty.*
CLASS XIX. Of or from of and from
MISCELLANEous.—continued. Foreign British
Countries. Possessions.
GUANO— contiuued. £ s. d. £ s. d.
which they had been removing as the production of birds. Its value as a manure was not less
than that of true guano; analysis, giving very nearly the same results in the two samples exa-
mined by Mr. Hunt from these ships.
XANTHIC () XII) F. IN GUANO.
Prof. Magnus recently communicated to the Berlin Academy of Sciences, that MI. Unger had
discovered in his laboratory Marcet's Xanthic oxide in guano. This body, so highly interesting
to physiologists and chemists, has hitherto occurred but twice as a diseased secretion in the form
of a calculus.
Thus guano, so remarkable from its origin, and which promises to be of as great service for
European agriculture as it has long been for certain districts in South America, likewise affords
an interesting subject for science,
The small quantity of xanthic oxide which the guano contains does not admit of our supposing
it to have originated by gradual decomposition; the occurrence of this body, known hitherto
only as a diseased secretion of the animal organism, would afford a further proof, were it needed,
that the guano consists, as shown by Alex. Von Humboldt, of the excrements of animals. The
inequality with which it is distributed in the guano, renders it highly probable that it likewise
has been secreted as a diseased product along with the excrement of the birds; otherwise we
must admit that it forms the normal excrement of certain animals: in which case it would be of
great interest to become acquainted with these species of animals, which perhaps may still exist.
–Poggendorff’s Annalen. No. V, 1844, and Chem. Gaº., Aug. 1811.
VALE OF ARICA.
In “An account of the European Settlements in America,” published in two volumes in 1760.
by Dodsley, in Pall Mall, is the following passage in vol. I, p. 251.
“Guinea pepper, agi, or, as it is called by us, Cayenne pepper, is a very great article in the
trade of Peru, as it is used all over Spanish America in almost every thing they eat. This is pro-
duced in the greatest quantity in the vale of Arica, a district in the southern parts of Peru, whence,
they export to the annual value of 600,000 crowns, . The district which produces this pepper in
such abundance is but small and naturally barren : its fertility in pepper, as well as in grain and
fruits, is owing to the advantage of a species of very extraordinary manure, brought from an
island called Iquiqua. This is a sort of yellowish earth, of a fetid smell. It is generally thought
to be dung of birds, because of the similitude of the scent, that feathers have been found very
deep in it, and that vast numbers of sea fowls appear upon that and all the adjacent coasts; but,
upon the other hand, whether we look upon this substance as the dung of these sea fowls, or a
particular species of earth, it is almost equally difficult to conceive how the small island of
Iquiqua, not above two miles in circumference, could supply such immense quantities; and yet,
after supplying upwards of 12 ship loads annually, for a century together for the distant parts,
and a vastly larger quantity for the use of the neighbourhood, it cannot be observed that it is in
the least diminished, or that the height of the island is at all lessened.”
( ; U-ANO FROM A NEW" S.O.U. R("E.
The schooner. Three Er C's, Captain Graham, arrived at Pictou in the beginning of Sep-
tember, 1844, with about 25 tons guano from Labrador. If the qualities of this substance be
equal to those of the article imported from more distant parts, it may yet become a valuable
article of commerce.—Cor.
AIDUITERATION.—LIVERPool, Nov. 4, 1814.
Four vessels recently sailed hence for Guano stations, ballasted with Gypsum or Plaster of
Paris. This substance, we are informed, is intended for admixture with Guano, and will enable
the parties to deliver from the vessel a nice looking light coloured article. Parties purchasing
Guano are very desirous of having it delivered from the vessel, as they believe they obtain it
pure. The favourite material for the adulteration of Guano, at the present moment, is Umber,
which is brought from Anglesea in large quantities. The rate of admixture, we are informed, is
about 15 cwt. of Umber to about 5 cwt. of Peruvian Guano, from which an excellent looking ar-
ticle, called African Guano, is manufactured.—('or.
See Ich Aboe and MERCURY Is LAND, PART XII.
HAIR, IIuman, lb. - - - . () 1 () () 1 ()
HARP STRINGs or LUTE STRINGs, SILVERED, 100l.
val. - - - - - . 2() () () 20 O ()
HATS OR BONNETS, viz.:-
—— of CIIIP, lb. - - - . () j () () 5 ()
* ADD 5 per cent. to each Duty, as mentioned p. 17.
For QUANTITLEs IM ported, see Miscel. LAN Eot's INForMAtios, prefirew
to the Journal.


144 UNITED KINGDOM.–Imports.—Tariff, &c. [1845.
- --- - - , k
CIASS XIX. Of .*...* *...a from
MiscellANEous.-continued. Foreign British
Countries. | Possesions.
HATS, &c.—continued. £ s. d. £ s. d.
—— Bast, CANE, or Horse-IIAIR HATs or Box-
NETs, each HAT or BosN1, r not exceeding 22
inches in diameter, doz. - - . () 1 () () () 10 0
—— Excil HAT or Boxx ET exceeding 22 inches in
diameter, doz. - - - . () 1.5 () 0 15 ()
—— STR \w HATs or BoxNIts, lb - . 0 8 6 0 8 6
—— FELT, H AIR, Wool, or Br. Aver, each . () 2 6 0 2 6
—— MADE of Silk, or Silk Sii \g, laid upon felt,
linen, or other material, each . - . () 3 (; () 3 6
III: ATH, for IBItusii is, cwt. - - . () 5 () () 5 ()
HoNEs, 100 - - - - . 1 () () 1 0 O
Hoofs of CATTLE, 100/. val. - - . 1 () () 1 0 ()
Hoofs, or any other part of cattle or beasts, IIis Majesty may, by order in council,
prohibit the importation of, in order to prevent any contagious distemper. 3 &
4 Will 4, c. 52, § 58.
HoRNs, HoRN Tips, and Pircra of HoRN, ton . () 1 () 0 1 0
His Majesty may, by order in council, prohibit the importation of horns, in order
to prevent any contagious distemper. 3 & 4 Will. 4, c. 52, § 58.
By C. O., March 21, 1800, the duty is to be charged on the importation of horns, although the
same may be attached to the hides.
Horst, GRE \se. See “Oil, Animal,” in Class VII.
See also “Grease,” in preceding page.
JAPANNED or I, 
PART III.] UNITED KINGDOM.–IMPoºrs.—Tariff, &c. 145
- rº - Rates of JDuty.*
CLAS3 XIX. of or from of and from
MiscellANEous.-continºd. Foreign British
Countlics, Possessions.
£ s. d. £ s. d.
MANUscripts, lb. - - - , () () 2 (? O 2
MAPs or CIIARTs, or parts thereof, plain or coloured.
each - C (2 : Ú G I
The Map prefixed to this Journal is considered as highly creditable to the pre-
sent state of the arts. It is drawn and engraved on steel by Mr Wyll, geo-
grapher to the Queen, Charing Cross East, London.—Éd.
MATs and MATTING, 100l. valu'. . - . . ; (; ; ; … 1 {} 0
MATTREssEs, 100l. value - - . I () () () IO (). O
MILL BoARDs, cwt. - •, 1 * * * 1 10 O
MoDELs of CoRk or Wood, 100l. value . . . . . . ") 5 C {}
MoTHER-of-PEARL SIII.1.1.s, 1007. * : . (; º; Q O
See ‘Specimens’ in this Class.
Music AL INSTRUMENTs, 100l. - - j (; ; ; ; ; ; G O
By C. O., January 28, 1833, the indulgence granted by
respect of books and maps, the property of irº
abroad, being charged with duty only ence. is extent.
MustARD FLower, cwt. . - (, ; 2 () O 13 O
NEEDLE LABELs.-
By Letter of the Board of Trade, Oct. 35, 1842, read:e labels are ºf pºl::::::::: * ~ im-
ported,
NEwsPAPERs.
By T. O., April 9, 1820, foreign newspapers, as regular consignments, whether bound ºf un-
bound, and foreign newspapers, brought in the baggage of passengers, iſ bound, arc to be
charged with duty as non-enumerated manufactured articles; haſ foreign newspapers
brought in the baggage of passengers, whbound, are to be admitted to entry witholi: pay-
ment of duty. - -
'reasury ºri r tº: . * 1 3. in
l, * (iv ( , !," --
1 : ,
PALMETTo THATc II, cwt. - - --- {} 0 1
— Manufactures of ditto, 100l. val. - - - ... O
PAPER, viz:
- BRowN, made of old rope or cordage only,
without separating or extracting the pitch or tar
therefrom, and without any mixture of other ma-
terials therewith, lb. . - - ‘. . . . . J U 3
—— PRINTED, PAINTED, or STAINTID PAPER,
or PAPER IIANGINGs, or Flock PAPER, sq. yd. . () : . () 1 ()
—— WASTE, unless printed on in the English
language, or paper of any other sort not particu-
larly enumerated or described, nor otherwise
charged with duty, lb. . . . 0 0 1 0 0 1,
—— PRINTED on, in the English language . Prohibited. Prohibited.
By T. O., Dec. 27, 1827, the officers of customs are, when req:dred by the importer, to stamp
printed or stained paper, to denote payment of duty.
Mr. Limbird, of the Strand, has a sheet of paper four feet seven inches wide, six hundred
yards long, and weighs one hundred, and thirty-seven pounds. It is of file texture, and
as been made for the purpose of taking impressions of Inonumental brasses ---itl, . arºm,
Sept. 9, 1843.
PASTE Bo ARDs, cwt. - 1 1 0 () 1 () ()
PENCILS, 100l. val. - 1j () () 1.5 0 ()
—- Of Slate, 100l. val. 1.5 ſ () 15 0 ()
* ADD 5 per cent. to each Duty, as mentioned p. 47.
For QUANTITIES IMpoRTED, see Miscell...ANEous INFolºv wtios, prefired to
fhe Journal.







I.


146 UNITED KINGDOM.–Ir:Ports.--Tariff, &c. [1845.
S --~~ Rates of Duty.”
C LASS XIX. of or from Of and from
Misci:1.I.A.NEovs.-continued. Foreign British
Countries. Possessions.
C s. d. C s. d.
Prss, 100l. val. - - : . 15 O () 15 O O
Metal pens are of very ancient use, for we read Jer. xvii. 1. “ The sin of Judah is written
with a pen of iron.”—I’d.
PrºRoussiox C \ps, 1,000 . - - . () () 4 () () 4
Priosphorus, 100l. val. . - - . 1 () () () l () () ()
PICTURES, each - - - . () 1 () O 1 ()
— —— And further, sq. foot - . () 1 () () 1 O
— Above 200 sq. feet, each - . I () () O 1 () () ()
By c. o., Aug. 1, 1820, pictures, drawings, sculpture, &c. arriving at an oatport, may be for-
warded under seals of office to the Queen's warehouse in London, at the proprietor's risk
and expense. . advice being given when and by what conveyance the same are sent, and of
the agreement made for carriage.
By T. o., Aug. 8, 1825, Fresco Paintings are to be charged with duty as water-colour draw-
Inºrs.
By T. O., May 5, 1824, paintings being the work of English artists, accompanied with a cer-
tificate in each case attested by the artist that it is the work of himself, and on proof of the
importer that the paintinº is the identical work alluded to in the certificate, free.
PLANts, SHRUps, and TRErs, alive - Free. Frec.
2
PLATTING or other Manufactures to be used in,
in, or proper for, making Hats or Bonnets, ri:. .
— Of Byst, CANE, or HoRsrit AIR, lb. 0 1 () () () 1 () ()
——— Of CIIIP, lb. - - . () 2 (3 () 2 6
— Of STRAw, lb. - - ... O 7 6 O 7 6
By C. o., January 21, 1813, the duty is to be ascertained and charged upon straw hats and
upon straw platting to the weight of a quarter of a pound.
POTS, Melting Pots for Goldsmiths, 100 ... O 3 2 () 3 2
—— Of SToxi, 100l. val. - - . 20 () 2 20 O O
POWDER, viz.:-
----- II AIR Powdr. R, cwt, . - . I () () 1 () ()
—-—- Pr:RFUMEI), cwt. - - . 1 () 0 1 O O
Powpºrt, not otherwise enumerated, that will serve
for the same use as Starch, cwt. - ... O I () () O HO O
G. M.Lic Powper, ton [7 Vict. c. 16.] . (; 5 () O 5 O
PRINTS AND IDRAWINGS, Plain or Coloured,
single, each - - - - ... O O 1 O 0 1
——————— Bound or Sewn,
doz. - - - - - . () () 3 O O 3
Certain Prints not to be Imported.—Every person who shall invent and design,
engrave, etch, or work in mezzotinto or chiaro oscuro, any historical or other
print, shall have the sole right and liberty of printing and reprinting the same
for the term of 14 years, to commence from the day of the first publishing
thereof, which shall be truly engraved with the name of the proprietor on
each plate, and printed on every such print; and if any person whatsoever,
within the time limited by this Act, shall engrave, etch, or work as aforesaid,
or in any other manner copy and sell, in the whole or in part, or import for
sale, any such print, or any part thereof, without the consent of the proprietor,
then such offender shall forfeit the plate on which such print shall be copied,
and every sheet (being part of, or whereon such print shall be so copied or
printed), to the proprietor of such original print, who shall forthwith destroy
and damask the same ; and further, every such offender shall forfeit 5s. for
* ADD 5 per cent. to each Duty, as mentioned p. 47.
For QUANTITIES IMPorted, see MISCELLANEous INForMATION, prefixed to
the Journal.


PART III.] UNITED KINGDOM.–IMPorts.—Tariff, &c. 147
CLASS XIX.
MiscellANEous.-continued.
PRINTS–continued.
every print which shall be found in his custody contrary to this Act. 8 Geo.
| 2, c. 13, § 1.
Proviso. —It shall be lawful for any person, who shall hereafter purchase any
plates for printing from the original proprietors thereof, to print and reprint
from the said plates, without incurring any of the penalties before men-
tioned. § 2.
Prints from Pictures, &c.—Every person who shall invent or design, engrave,
etch, or work in mezzotinto or chiaro oscuro, shall have the benefit of the
preceding Act and this Act, under the restrictions hereinafter mentioned.
7 Geo. 3, c. 38, § 1.
Every person who shall engrave, &c., any picture, drawing, model, or sculpture,
either ancient or modern, shall have the benefit of the said Act, and this
Act for the time hereinafter mentioned, in like manner as if such print had
been graved or drawn from the original design of such graver, etcher, or
draftsman; and if any person shall import for sale any copy of any such
print, contrary to this and the said Act, every such person shall be liable to
the penalties in the said Act. § 2.
How long Right in Proprietors.-The sole right and liberty of printing and
reprinting, intended to be secured by the said Act and this Act, shall be
extended in the respective proprietors for 28 years, to commence from the
day of the first publishing of any of the works respectively hereinbefore and
in the former Act mentioned. § 7.
Copies of Prints.-If any person shall, within the time limited by the aforesaid
Acts, import for sale any copy of any print whatsoever, which hath been,
| or shall be engraved, &c., in Great Britain, without the express consent of
the proprietor thereof, then every such proprietor may, by a special action
upon the case, to be brought against the person so offending, recover such
damages as a jury on the trial of such action, or on the execution of a writ of
inquiry thereen, shall give or assess, together with double costs of suit. 17
Geo. 3, c. 57.
Extension to United Kingdom.—All the provisions of 17 Ceo. 3, c. 57, and
of all the other Acts therein recited, are extended to the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, 6 & 7 Will. 4, c. 59, § 1. Aug. 13, 1836.
Engraving or Publishing without consent ºf Proprietor.—If any engraver,
etcher, printseller, or other person, shall within the time limited by the
aforesaid Acts, engrave, etch, or publish any engraving or print of any
description whatever, either in whole or in part, which may have been, or
which shall hereafter be, published in any part of Great Britain or Ireland,
without the express consent of the proprietor in writing, signed by him in the
presence of, and attested by, two or more credible witnesses, then every such
proprietor shall and may by a separate action on the case, to be brought
against the person so offending in any court of law in Great Britain or Ireland,
recover such damages as a jury on the trial of such action, or on the execution
of a writ of inquiry thereon, shall give or essess, together with double costs
of suit. § 2.
By C. O., Sept. 5, 1829, where maps and prints are contained in and form part of a book, and
| serve merely to explain or illustrate the subject of the book, they are to be deemed a part of
the work, and to be charged by weight as books; but when prints or maps are bound or
stitched together without letter-press, or when the letter-press is merely descriptive of the
| prints or maps, they are to be charged with duty by tale, as prints or maps. -
| By T. O., June 2, 1830, if satisfactory proof be adduced that prints or maps, although im-
º separately, do in reality form part of a work, they may be charged with the book
t -
By
uty by weight, but in other cases they are to be charged by tale. See Pictures, p. 145.
C. O., March 17, 1835, Post Entrics may in future pass for any prints and maps which may
not be included in any prime Entries, provided the officers are satisfied that no fraud or de-
ception be intended. - -
By C. O., December 26, 1835, coloured prints attached by brown paper to a picce of Gol man
sheet glass are to be entered as toys, and the duty charged thereon accordingly.


I,


148 UNITED KINGI)O
ſ.—IM ports.-Tariff, &c. [1845
* Rates of Duty.*
CLASS XIX. of or from of and from
Miscell. AN Eous.-confinued. Foreign British
Countries, Possessions,
PRINTS–continued. £ 3, d. C S. d.
INTERNATIONAL COPYRIGHT.
By 7 & 8 Vict. c. 73 [6 Aug., 1811], Her Majesty is empowered to reduce
the duties on Prints to the undermentioned rates, viz.:----
PRINTS and DRAWINGS, Plair; or Coloured,
single each - - - - . 0 0 0; 0 0 0;
———— Bound or Sewn, doz. 0 0 1 } 0 0 1 ;
See the law at large under “Books,” p. 132.
French Prints.-A question of some importance to printsellers and publishers has recently
been raised by the customs officers, with respect to the duty to be charged on prints published
in France, and accompanied by letter-press in illustration of the different engravings. A case,
containing upwards of 50 numbers of a work executed in France, illustrative of the Chateau d’ Fu
and of Her Majesty's recent visit to the King of the French being, it is understood, a copy of
the album presented by Louis Philippe to the Queen on the occasion of his return visit at Wind-
sor Castle, each number containing six engravings, and accompanied by two pages of letter-
press in the English language descriptive of the !. has recently been detained by the officers,
as liable to the duty of 5 per cent. as books, it being consider, it being bound slightly to-
gether, or rather stitched, as it is termed, and accompanied by a descriptive account, it destroyed
their claim to being termed simply prints, and gave then the character of books. Orders have
been issued for the same to be delivered as prints, the letter-press being merely descriptive of
them, duty free, and directions have been given to the ºfficers to govern themselves accordingly
in all future instances, where the letter-press is simply descriptive of the engraving, and does not
contain any historical or statistical account.
QUILLS, Goose, 1000 . - r . () () (3 () () 3
—— Swax, 1000 - - - () 3 () () || 6
RAGS, viz.:--
As to Cables, see Class XV.
——- OLD Wool, LEN RAos, ton . - , () () 6 () () {}
-—- OLD RAGs, old Roris, or JUNK, or old l’isii-
1NG NETs, ſit only for making Paper or Paste-
board, ton c - - • . () () 6 () () 6
—- PULP of RAGs, tom . r • , () 5 () () 5 ()
Cut into lengths not exceeding three feet each, are to be admitted at the duty
of sixpence per ton. C. (). 1813.
—- Coin Rope, Old and New, cut into lengths
not exceeding three feet each, are to be admitted
at the duty of sixpence per ton. C. O. 1813.
SALT • • - - - - Free. Frec.
SAMPLEs.
By O. C., March 19, 1840, the Quarāntine Officers at the different stations are to deliver,
under the usual Quarantine precautions, samples of wheat, valonia, and other non-enume.
rated articles, upon application being made by the owners of cargoes or their agents.
As to samples of Linen, &c., see Class XII. ; and as to other samples, see under the respec-
tive titles, as the cases may lie,
ScALEBOARDs, cwt. • • - . 1 1 0 () 1 10 ()
SOAP, Hard cwt. • - - . 1 1() () 1 0 ()
SoFT, cwt. - - - . 1 () () 0 15 ()
NAPLEs, cwt. o - - . 2 16 () 2 16 ()
* ADD 5 per cent, to each Duty, as mentioned p. 47.
For QUANTITIES IMPORTED, see MiscELLANEous INForMATION, proft red to
the Journa/.


PART III.] UNITED KINGDOM.–IMpoRTs.—Tariff, &c. 149
- ----- Rates of Duty.*
CLASS XIX. of or from of and from
M13CELLANEous.-continued. Foreign British
("ountrics. | Possessions.
£ s. d. £ s. d.
AN Accouxt of all Soap imported into Great Britain, Hard and Soft.
. 1844.
Naples
Soap.
| r -
Year ended 5th Jan
i Hard Soap. Soft Soap.
cwts, qr, 15 cwts, qr, b cwts. qr. It
Aggregate Quantities Imported . . . . 932 3 18 31 0 1 1 40 () 20
Aggregate Quantities retained for l - i or - -
tiome Consumption . . . . . . . . 480 & 6 36 11 32 o 5
L. s. d. tº s. d. 4 s. d.
Amount of Duty received thereon , . | 706 12 2 || 38 l () || 9 || 1 7
Inspector-General's Office, Custom-House. wºn twise.
London, 27th Feb. 1844.
SPA WARE, 100l. val. - - • . 1.5 ſ) () 15 () (?
SPECIMIENS, whether Animal or Vegetable, illus-
trative of Natural IIistory, and whether of or from
Foreign Countries, or of and from British Posses-
sions, may be imported into the United Kingdom, Free, Free.
5 & 6 Wict, c, 56, § 5 [30 July, 1842], -
By C. O., October 12, 1818, specimens which may arrive from abroad, consigned to the Hor.
ticultural Society, may be delivered duty free.
By C. O., August 10, 1814, stuffed birds, and other stuffed animals, are to be considered as
coming within the denomination of Specimens illustrative of Natural History.
By C. O., Oct. 26, 1839, in all cases in future, where the greater part of a collection of shells
does not consist of “ mate ,” like mother-of-pearl for the purposes of manufacture, or
“merchandise,” like-cowries, the same are to be admitted duty free, as specimens illustra.
tive of Natural History, although the quantity may exceed what would be required for a
private Collection; and even mother-of-pearl shells and cowries are to be deemed “ speci-
mens,” and passed accordingly, when the quantity of the assortinent is, such as to bespeak
that they are not for manufacturing purposes.
SPERMACET1, fine, 100l. val. - - . 2.5 () () 25 () ()
Spox GE, lb. - - - - . () () (; () () i
By C. O., May, 1835, no allowance for sand, dirt, or other extraneous matter unless for such
as may exceed 7 per cent.
STARCHI, cwt. . - - - . () 1 () () () 5 ()
—- Guxt of, torrified or calcined, commonly
monly called BRITish GUM, cwt. - . () 15 () 0 15 ()
in order that the officers may be able to distinguish starch when
in flour from flour, they are to observe the following method: ri:... put it into a tumbler of
water; if starch, it sink to the bottom, and form a hard substance; if flour, it will turn
into paste, and may be drawn into a kind of string-like dough Starch is also much whiter
than flour.
STRAw or GRAss, for Platting, cwt. - , (" () | () () I.
See “Platting,” in this Class
By C. O., October 17, 178
* Add 3 per cent. to each Dufy, as mentioned p. 47.
For QUANTITIES IMpoRTED, see Miscell ANEous INForMAtios, prefired to
the Journal.


150 UNITED KINGDOM.–IMPoRTs.—Tariff, &c. [1845
Rates of Duty.*
CLASS XIX. of or from of and from
MiscellANEous—continued. Foreign British
Countries. | Possessions,
STRAw—continued. £ s. d. £ s. d.
INcox1 Bust 1BLE THATcII,
It has been proved by repeated experiments that straw, saturated with a solution of lime or
common whitewash, is incombustible. The fact is of great importance to the rural popula-
tion; especially as thatch is not only rendered fire-proof, but more durable. A solution of
alum has been tried, but being soluble, the rain destroys its virtues.—Ed.
STAVEs Acre, cwt. . - - - . U 4 () (J 4 ()
Sulphur IMPREssioxs, 100l. val. - . 5 () () 5 0 0
TALI,OW, cwt. . - - - , () 3 2 Q 0 8
—-— GREAves, see p. 1-12.
By 3 & 4 Will. 4, c. 54, § 2, Tallow, being the produce of Europe, shall not
be imported into the United Kingdom, to be used therein, except in British
ships, or in ships of the country of which the goods are the produce, or in
ships of the country from which the goods are imported.
REAIDY IRECKONING.
Showing at one view, the Duty from 1 ſp. to 3 ewt., at 3s. 2d. per cwt. *
th. s, d. lb. s. d. lb. s, d. lb. s, d.
1 . -- 8 0 3 15 . . . 9 5: 22 . 0 7 -
2 0 I 9 . 0 3 16 ... O 5 23 - 0 8 ;
3 . 0 1 10 . 0 3 17 .... () 6 24 .... 0 8
4 . 0 1 11 0 4 18 . . . . 0 6 25 ... 0 8.
5 . 0 2 12 0 4 19 . . . . 0 6 26 .... 0 9
6 . . . . 0 2 13 0 .4 20 .... 0 7 27 . . . 0 9
7 .... 0 2 14 .... 0 5 21 . 0 7 28 . . . . 0 10
TARRAs, bushel . - - - . () 1 3 0 1 3
TEAsles, 1,000 - - • . 0 () 3 0 0 3
TEETII, ELEPHANTs', SEA Cow, SEA HoRSL, or SEA
MoRsr, cwt. . - - - . 0 1 0 O I O
TELEscopes, 100l. val. - - - . 15 0 0 15 0 0.
ToBAcco PIPEs of CLAY, 100l. val. - . 15 0 0 15 0 0
ToRToises HELL or TURTLESHELL, Unmanufactured,
lb. - - - - o . 0 1 0. 0 0 }
Toys, excepting Toy and HAND MIRRoRs, on which
the Plate Glass Duty will be levied, 100l. val. 10 0 0 10 0 ()
TURNERY, not otherwise described, 100l. val. - 15 0 0 15 O G
WASEs, ancient, not of Stone or Marble, 100l. val. I 0 () 1 () ()
WAFERs, lb. - - - • . 0 () 3 0 0 3
WASHING BALLs, lb. - - - , () () 6 0 0 6
WATCHEs, of GoLD or SILVER, or other METAL,
100l. val. - - - • . 10 0 0 10 0 0
See “Clocks” in this Class.
WATER, viz., MINERAL WATER, gallon 0 0 1 0 0 1
WHIP.cord, lb. - - - - . 0 0 6 0 0 6
WHALE FINs, British taking, and imported direct
from the Fishery, or from any British Possession,
in a British ship, ton . - e - - 1 0 0
-—- Otherwise taken, 100l. val. . . 20 O O 20 0 0
GOODS, being either in part or wholly manufac-
tured, and not being enumerated or deseribed, nor
otherwise charged with Duty, and not prohibited
to be imported into or used in Great Britain or
Ireland, 100l. val. • . 20 0 () 20 0 0
* ADD 5 per cent. to each Duty, as mentioned p. 47.
For QUANTITIES IMPORTED, see MiscellANEous INForMATION, prefixed to
the Journal.


PART III.] UNITED KINGDOM.–IMpoRTs.—Tariff, &c. 151
Rates of Duty.*
CLASS XIX. Of or from Of and from
MISCELLANEous—continued. Foreign British
Countries. | Possessions.
& S. d. £ s. d.
GOODS, not being either in part or wholly manu-
factured, and not being enumerated or described
nor otherwise charged with Duty, and not prohi-
bited to be imported into or used in Great Britain
or Ireland, 100l. val • • e . 5 0 0 5 0 0
4.
* ADD 5 per cent. as mentioned p. 47.
CLASS XX.
CoRN, SUGAR AND MoLAsses.
CORN.
While the earth remaineth, seed-time and harvest, and cold and heat, and summer and
winter, and day and might shall not cease.—Genesis, viii. 22.
Land and trade are knit together, and together must wax or wane; so that it never shall be
well with land but trade be better for it, nor the trade shall suffer but land shall feel it.—
Sir Joshua Child,
Former Act.—Former Corn Act of 9 Geo. 4, c. 60, repealed. Provided
that all Acts or parts of Acts which by such Act were repealed, shall be
deemed to be repealed. [5 Vict. Sess, 2, c. 14, § 1. [29th April, 1842.]
New Duties.—From the passing of this Act there shall be paid to Her
Majesty, upon all corn, grain, meal, or flour entered for home consumption
in the United Kingdom from parts beyond the seas, the several duties fol-
lowing; and the said duties shall be paid in the same manner in all respects
as the several other duties of customs. § 2.
TABLE OF DUTIES.f
If Imported from any For EIGN CouxTRY —
WHEAT— £ s. d.
— Whenever the average Price of Wheat, made up and pub-
lished in the Manner required by law, shall be for every
Quarter
under 51s., the Duty shall be for every Quarter 0
51s. and under 52s. - - - - 19
52s. - - 55s. 18
55s. - - 56s. 17
56s. - - 57s. 16
57s. - - 58s. 15
- - 58s. - - 59s. • * 14
- - 59s. - - 60s. 13
- 60s. - - 61s. 12
6ls. - - 62s.
62s. - - 63s.
63s. - - 64s.
64s. - - 65s.
65s. - - 66s. - -
66s. - - 69s. - -
69s. - - 70s.
70s. - - 71s.
71s. - - 72s.
72s. - - 73s.
73s. and upwards
|
*
+ Sec READY RECKONING, p. 155.
For QUANTITIES IMpoRTED, see MiscELLANEOUS INForMATION, prefixed to
the Journal.


152 UNITED KINGDOM.–IMpoRTs.—Tariff, &c. [1845.
CLASS XX.
Coax, Sco AR, AND MoLAssEs—continued.
CORN —continued
BARLEY—
Whenever the average Price of Barley, made up and pub-
lished in the manner required by Law, shall be for every
Quarter
under 26s., the Duty shall be for every Quarter 0 1 1 0
... 26s, and under 27s. - - - - 0 10 0
... 27s. - - 30s. 0 9 0
- 30s. - - 31s. 0 8 0
31s. - - 32s. 0 7 0.
32s. - - 33s. 0 6 0
... 33s. - - 3.1s. 0. 5 0
... 34s. - - 35s. 0 4 0
- 33s. - - 36s. 0 3 0
36s. - - 37s. 0 2 0
37s, and upwards 0 1 0
OATs—
Whenever the average Price of Oats, made up and pub-
lished in the manner required by Law, shall be for every
Quarter
under 19s., the Duty shall be for every Quarter 0 8 0
19s, and under 20s. - - - - 0 7 0
20s. - - 23s. - - - ... 0 6 0
23s. - - 24s, - - - - ... () 5 0
24s. - - 20s. ... () 4 0
25s. - - 26s. 0 3 0.
26s. -- 27s. 0 2 0
27s. and upwards 0 1 0
RYE, PEASE, AND BEANs—
— Whenever the average Price of Rye, or of Pease, or of Beans,
made up and published in the manner required by Law,
shall be for every Quarter
under 30s., the Duty shall be for every Quarter 0 II 6
30s. and under 33s. - - - - ... 0 10 6
33s. - - 34s. - - - - ... 0 9 6
34s. - - 35s. ... 0 8 6
35s. - - 36s. 0 7 6
36s. - - 37s. 0 6 6
37s. - - 38s. 0 5 6
38s. - - 39s. 0 4 6
39s. - - 40s. 0 3 6
40s. - - 41s. 0 2 6
. . 41s. - - 42s. 0 1 6
... 42s, and upwards 0 1 0
WHEAT MEAL AND FLou R—
For every Barrel, being One hundred and ninety-six Pounds,
A Duty equal in amount to the Duty payable on Thirty-eight and a
Half Gallons of Wheat.
OATMEAL–
For every Quantity of One hundred and eighty-one pounds and a Half,
A Duty equal in Amount to the Duty payable on a Quarter of
Oats.


PART III.] UNITED KINGDOM.–IMPORTs.-Tariff, &c. 158
CLASS XX.
CoRN, SUGAR, AND MoLASSES-continued.
CORN-continued.
MAIze or INDIAN CoRN, BUCK WHEAT, BEAR OR BIGG–
For every Quarter, -
A Duty equal in Amount to the Duty payable on a Quarter of
Barley. . . . . . *
If the Produce of and imported from any BRITISH Possession in
NoFTH AMERICA, or elsewhere out of Europe.
WHEAT—% £ s. d.
Whenever the average Price of Wheat, made up and published
in the manner required by Law, shall be
under 55s, for every Quarter, the Duty shall be
for every Quarter - - - - }
55s. and under 56s.
56s. - - 57s.
57s. - - 58s.
58s. and upwards
:
:
i
BARLEY—
Whenever the average Price of Barley, made up and published
in the manner required by Law, shall be
under 28s. for every Quarter, the Duty shall be
for ev 0 2 6
or every Quarter - - - -
28s. and under 29s. 0 2 0
29S. - - 30s. 0 1 6
30s. - - 31s. 0 1 0
0 0 6
31s. and upwards
OATs—
— Whenever the average Price of Oats, made up and published in
the manner required by Law, shall be
under 22s. for every Quarter, the Duty shall *) 0 2 0
for every Quarter - - - -
22s. and under 23s. 0 1 6
23s. and upwards 0 0 6
RYE, PEASE, AND BEANs—
Whenever the average Price of Rye, or of Pease, or of Beans
made up and published in the manner required by Law,
shall be
under 30s. for every Quarter, the Duty shall be 0 3 (h
for every Quarter - - - - }
30s. and under 31s. 0 2 6
31s. - - 32s. 0 2 0
32s. - - 33s. 0 1 6
33s. - - 34s. 0 1 0
34s. and upwards 0 0 6
WHEAT MEAL AND Flou R—
For every Barrel, being One hundred and ninety-six Pounds,
A Duty equal in amount to the Duty payable on thirty-eight and a Half
Gallons of Wheat.
OATMEAL–
For every Quantity of One hundred and eighty-one Pounds and a Half,
A Duty equal in Amount to the Duty payable on a Quarter of Oats.
Maize or INDIAN Cors, Buck WHEAT, BEAR or Bigg—
For every Quarter,
A Duty equal in Amount to the Duty payable on a Quarter of Barley.
* See “Canada Wheat,” next page.


154 UNITED KINGDOM.–IMPorts.—Tariff, &c. [1845.
CLASS XX.
CoRN, SUGAR, AND MoLASSES-continued.
CORN–continued.
CANADA WHEAT.
Reduction of Duty.—Whereas on the 12th Oct. 1842, an Act was passed
by the Legislative Council and Legislative Assembly of the province of
Canada, and reserved by the Governor General for the signification of
Her Majesty's pleasure, imposing a duty of three shillings sterling money of
Great Britain on each imperial quarter of wheat imported into Canada, except
from the United Kingdom or any of Her Majesty's possessions, and being the
growth and produce thereof: and whereas it is recited in the said Act that
it was passed in the confident belief and expectation that upon the imposition
of a duty upon foreign wheat imported into the province Her Majesty would
be graciously pleased to recommend to Parliament the removal or reduction
of the duties on wheat and wheat flour imported into the United Kingdom
from Canada: and whereas, in consideration of the duty so imposed by the
said Act of the Legislature of Canada, it is expedient that, if Her Majesty
shall be pleased to give Her sanction to the said Act, the duties imposed
upon wheat and wheat flour, the produce of and imported from the province
of Canada, entered for home consumption in the United Kingdom, should
be reduced as hereinafter is mentioned : it is therefore enacted that, from
10th Oct. 1843, and thenceforth during the continuance of the duty so im-
posed by the said Act of the Legislature of Canada, there shall be paid upon
all wheat and wheat flour, the produce of the province of Canada, which
shall be imported thence into the United Kingdom after the said day, and
shall be entered for home consumption (the same having been shipped and
imported with such declarations and certificates as are required in respect
thereof in the said Act), in lieu of the duties charged thereon by the said
Act of Parliament, the duties following; (namely,)
For every Quarter of such Wheat, one shilling; and so in proportion for
a less quantity:
For every Barrel, being 196 lb. of such Wheat Flour, a duty equal in
amount to the duty which would hereby be payable upon thirty-eight
gallons and a half of Wheat [4d. cwt).
Provided that nothing in this Act shall repeal, reduce, or alter the duties
payable under the said Act of Parliament upon wheat or wheat flour, the
produce of Canada, which shall be imported into the United Kingdom pre-
vious to the 10th Oct., 1843, notwithstanding the same shall not be entered
from the warehouse or otherwise for home consumption until after that day,
6 & 7 Vict. c. 29. [12th July, 1843].


Ms.
-
§
#
READY RECKONING.
Scale of Average Prices.
A TABLE, showing at one view the Duties payable on the entry of Foreign Corn and Flour for Home Consumption, according to the
Barley, Maize,
Wheat. Flour. or Indian Corn, Buck Rye, Peas, and Oats. Oatmeal.
Wheat, Bear, or Bigg. Beans.
Duty | Per º | Duty Duty Duty Th
106 lb e ! e
Average Price. the to º Cwt. Average Price. the Average Price. the Average Price. the Cwt.
- Gallons of 1813 lb
Quarter, Wheat. Quarter. Quarter. Quarter.
8. 8. s. d. s. d. s. d. s. s. s. d. i. 8. s. s. d. s. s. s. d. . s. d. s. d.
under 51 20 0 | 12 0}} | 6 10} - under 19 || 8 0 || 8 0 || 4 l l ;
51* iſ ii ś || || * * * * | * * * * gº ; ; ; ; ; ; ;
52 .. 55 38 0 || 10 9; 6 2; 26 27 10 0 || 30 33 || 0 6 20 23 6 0 || 6 0 || 3 8;
55 .. 56 17 0 || 10 24; 5 103 o- 23 24 5 0 || 5 0 || 3 || ||
56 ; : i: ) # , ; ; 27 ... 30 9 0 || 33 34 9 6 . 25 4 0 || 4 0 2 5;
57 58 15 0 || 9 0}} | 5 || || 30 . , 31 || 8 0 || 34 35 | 8 6 , 25 26 || 3 0 || 3 0 || 1 10]
58 59 || 14 0 || 8 53' || 4 93 26 ... 27 || 2 0 || 2 0 || 1 25;
; . . . . . . ; ; ; ; ; 31 .. 32 || 0 | 85 * | 7 "|2|&upwards i 0 || 0 || 0 7:
60 .. 61 12 0 7 2; 4 13 32 ... 33 6 0 || 36 37 6 6 :4-3-1, IX - -
61 . , 62 I 1 0 6 7%; 3 9; 33 34 || 5 0 || 37 38 || 5 6 Wheat from British Possessions In
62 ... 63 10 0 || 6 % 3 5} | “ -1 | ty O North America.
63 .. 64 9 8 5 #: : 3 * | 34 35 || 4 0 || 38 39 || 4 6 Average Price Wheat Flour
# . ; ; ; ! ; : ; ; ; 35 36 3 0 || 39 to a 6 | ** the ºr the cwt.
:) . . w sº 2 g
66 69 || 6 o 3 7; 2 of 36 .. 37 2 0 | 40 .. 41 || 2 6 s. S. s. d. s. d.
69 .. 70 5 0 || 3 0# 1 8; - under 55 5 0 1 83
70 .. 71 4 0 || 2 3. l ; 37&upwards | 1 0 || 41 .. 42 || 1 6 55 56 4 () 1 4 3
71 .. 72 3 0 || 1 9:# 1 03 42&upwards 1 0 || 56 57 3 0 1 83
72 .. 73 2 0 1 2%; 0 84 57 . . 58 2 0 0 8}
73 & upwards || 1 0 || 0 713 || 0 4} 58 & upwards I () 0 4.
i


156 UNITED KINGDOM.–IMpoRTs.—Tariff, &c. [1845.
CLASS XX.
CoRN, SUGAR, AND Moi,Asses—continued.
CORN–continued.
Malt, Corn Ground, &c.—It shall not be lawful to import from parts beyond
the seas into the United Kingdom, for consumption there, any malt, or any corn
ground, except wheat meal, wheat flour, and oatmeal; and if any such article be
imported contrary to this provision, the same shall be forfeited. 5 Vict. Sess. 2, c.
14, § 6.
Monthly Accounts to be published.—The commissioners of customs shall once
in each calendar month cause to be published in the London Gazette an account of
the total quantity of each sort of the corn, grain, meal, and flour respectively,
which shall have been imported into the United Kingdom, and also an account of
the total quantity of each sort of the corn, grain, meal, and flour respectively,
upon which the duties of importation shall have been paid in the United Kingdom
during the calendar month next preceding, and of the several rates of duty which
shall from time to time during such month have been payable upon each sort of
corn, &c., together with an account of the total quantity of each sort of the
said corn, &c., remaining in warehouse at the end of such next preceding calendar
month. § 7.
Foreign States subjecting 13ritish Tessels, Goods, &c., to any higher duties thane
are leried on the essels of other Countries.—If it be made to appear to Her
Majesty in Council that any foreign state or power hath subjected British vessels
at any port within the dominions of such state or power to any other or higher
duties or charges whatever than are levied on national vessels at any such port, or
hath subjected at any such port goods the growth, produce, or manufacture of any
of Iſer Majesty's dominions, when imported from any of such dominions in British
vessels, to any other or higher duties or charges whatever than are levied on such
or the like goods, of whatever growth, produce, or manufacture, when so imported
in national vessels, or hath subjected, at any place within the dominions of such
foreign state or power, any article of the growth, produce, or manufacture of Her
Majesty's dominions, when imported from any of such dominions in British vessels
or in national vessels, to any duties or charges which would not be payable on the
like article being of the growth, produce, or manufacture of any other country, and
imported from such other country in national vessels; or that any such foreign
state or power hath granted any bounties, drawbacks, or allowances upon the ex-
portation from any place within the dominions thereof of any articles, the growth,
produce, or manufacture of the dominions of any other foreign state or power,
which hath not also been granted upon the exportation from such place of such or
the like articles, being the growth, produce, or manufacture of Her Majesty's
dominions; then and in any of the cases aforesaid it shall be lawful for Her
Majesty, by any orders to be by Her made, with the advice of her Privy Council,
to prohibit the importation of all or of any sort of corn, grain, meal, or flour
from the dominions of any such foreign state or power; and it shall also be
lawful for IIer Majesty from time to time, with the advice of Her Privy
Council, to revoke and to renew any such orders, as there shall be occasion,
§ 8.
Weekly Returns of Purchases and Sales.—And whereas it is necessary, for
regulating the amount of such duties, that effectual provision should be made for
ascertaining from time to time the average prices of British corn; it is therefore
enacted, that weekly returns of the purchases and sales of British corn shall be
made, collected, and transmitted in the manner hereinafter directed, in and from
the cities and towns named in the schedule of cities and towns annexed to this
Act. § 9.
Power of appointing a Controller.—It shall be lawful for Her Majesty to
appoint a fit and proper person to be controller of corn returns, for the purposes
hereinafter mentioned, and to grant to such controller of corn returns such salary
and allowances as to Her Majesty shall seem meet: Provided always, that such
person shall be appointed to and shall hold such his office during Her Majesty's
pleasure, and not otherwise, and shall at all times conform to and obey such lawful
instructions touching the execution of the duties of such his office as shall from


PART III.] UNITED KINGDOM.–IMports.-Tariff, &c. 157
CLASS XX.
CoRN, SUGAR, AND MoLAsses—continued.
CORN-continued.
time to time be given to him by the Lords of the Committee of Privy Council
appointed for the consideration of all matters relating to trade and foreign planta-
tions. § 10.
Dealers in Corn in and near London to deliver in Declaration to Lord Mayor,
&c.—Every person who shall carry on trade or business in the City of London, or
within five miles from the Royal Exchange in the said city, as a corn factor, or as
an agent employed in the sale of British corn, and every person who shall sell any
British corn within the present Corn Exchange in Mark Lane in the said city, or
within any other building or place which now is or may hereafter be used within
the city of London, or within five miles from the Royal Exchange in the said city,
for such and the like purposes for which the Corn Exchange in Mark Lane hath
been and is used, shall, before he shall carry on such trade or business, or sell
any corn in manner aforesaid, make and deliver to the Lord Mayor or one of
the Aldermen of the City of London a declaration in the following words (that is
to say):—
“I, A. B., do declare, That the returns to be by me made, conformably to an Act passed in
the fifth year of the reign of Her Majesty Queen Victoria, intituled—[here set forth the
title of this Act]—of the quantities and prices of British corn which henceforth shall be by
or for me sold or diº shall, to the best of my knowledge and belief, contain the whole
quantity, and no more, of the corn bona fide sold and delivered by or for me within the
periods to which such returns respectively shall refer, with the prices of such corn, and the
names of the buyers respectively, and of the persons for whom such corn shall have been
sold by me respectively; and to the best of my judgment the said return shall in all respects
be conformable to the provisions of the said Act.”
Which declaration shall be in writing, and shall be subscribed with the hand of the
person so making the same ; and the Lord Mayor or such Alderman of the City
of London for the time being is hereby required to deliver a certificate thereof, under
his hand, to the inspector of corn returns for the City of London, to be by him
registered in a book to be by him provided and kept for that purpose. § 17.
How Dealers to make Returns to Inspectors.-Every such corn factor and other
person who is hereinbefore required to make and who shall have made such decla-
ration, and he or she is hereby required to return or cause to be returned, on
Wednesday in each week, to the inspector of corn returns for the City of London,
an account in writing, signed with his or her own name, or the name of his or her
agent duly authorised in that behalf, of the quantities of each sort of British corn
by him or her sold during the week ending on and including the next preceding
Tuesday, with the prices thereof, and the amount of every parcel, with the total
quantity and value of each sort of corn, and by what measure or weight the same
was sold, and the names of the buyers thereof, and of the persons for and on behalf
of whom such corn was sold ; and it shall be lawful for any such inspector of corn
returns to deliver to any person making or tendering any such returns a notice in
writing requiring him or her to declare and set forth therein where and by whom
and in what manner any such British corn was delivered to the purchasers thereof;
and every person to whom any notice shall be so delivered and he or she is hereby
required to comply therewith, and to declare and set forth in such his or her return,
or in a separate statement in writing, the several particulars aforesaid. § 18.
How Officers of Earcise to act as Inspectors, and attend at Places appointed.—
In the several cities and towns enumerated in the schedule annexed, except the City
of London, the City of Oxford, and the Town of Cambridge, and except the cities
or towns in which the inspectors of corn returns, appointed under the said Act of 9
Geo. 4, c. 60, shall for the time being continue to hold their respective offices under
the provisions of this Act, the duties of inspector of corn returns shall be performed
as hereinafter is mentioned by the officers of excise, under the orders and directions
of the commissioners of excise ; and in order thereto, the commissioners of excise
shall cause a fit and convenient place to be appointed, such places to be varied from
time to time as the said commissioners may see occasion, at which the accounts by
this Act required to be returned by persons purchasing corn within such cities and
towns respectively shall be delivered, and shall cause an officer of excise to attend


158 UNITED KINGDOM.–Imports—Tariff, &c. [1845.
CLASS XX.
CoRN, SUGAR, AND MoLAssEs—continued.
CORN-continned.
at such place on the days on which such accounts are required to be returned, for
the purpose of receiving the same ; and every officer of excise attending at such
place and receiving such returns shall be deemed to be an inspector of corn returns
under the provisions of this Act. § 20.
Places for Delivering Returns.—The commissioners of excise shall, as soon as
such places for receiving such returns shall have been fixed and appointed in any
such city or town, cause the same to be made known by advertisement in the
London Gazette, and in some newspaper circulating within the city or town, and
shall also cause a board to be affixed in the market-house; or, if there be no
market-house, in some conspicuous place near to the place where the corn-market
is usually held in such city or town, setting forth the place at which such accounts
of corn bought within the city or town are to be delivered; and any person who
shall wilfully and maliciously remove, deface, obliterate, or injure any such board,
or the writing thereon, or any part thereof, shall for each such his offence forfeit a
a sum not exceeding 5l. § 21.
Hou, Inspectors may continue to hold Office.—It shall be lawful for the com-
missioners of Her Majesty's Treasury, by any warrant under the hands of them,
to be signed before June 24, after the passing of this Act, to order that the person
who at, or immediately before the time of the passing of this Act, shall hold the
office of inspector of corn returns in any city or town named in such order, other
than the city of London, the city of Oxford, and the town of Cambridge, under
the said Act of 9 Geo. 4, shall continue to hold such office, and such person shall
accordingly be inspector of corn returns for such city or town under this Act,
until he shall die or resign, or until the determination of his office or appointment,
as hereinafter is mentioned, and shall, as respects the city or town for which
he is so continued as inspector, perform, under the orders and directions of the
commissioners of excise, the duties assigned to him by this Act; and it shall be
lawful for the commissiners of Her Majesty's Treasury, by warrant to direct that,
at any time to be named in such warrant, the office or appointment of any such
inspector of corn returns, so continued in office by any such previous warrant shall
cease, and the office or appointment of such inspector shall cease accordingly; and
in case of the death, resignation, or determination of office of any such inspector of
corn returns so continued in office in any city or town by such previous warrant,
the duties of inspector of corn returns for such city or town shall thenceforth be
performed by the officers of excise, as hereinbefore is mentioned. § 22.
How Dealers in Cities and Towns to make Declaration.—Every person who
shall deal in British corn at or within any city or town named in the schedule here-
unto annexed, other than the city of London, or who shall at or within any such
city or town engage in or carry on the trade or business of a cornfactor, miller,
maltster, brewer or distiller, or who shall be the owner or proprietor, or part owner
or proprietor, of any stage-coaches, waggons, carts, or other carriages carrying
goods or passengers for hire to and from any such city or town, and each person
who, as a merchant, clerk, agent, or otherwise, shall purchase at any such city or
town any British corn for sale, or for the sale of meal, flour, malt, or bread made
or to be made thereof, shall, before he or she shall so deal in British corn at any
such city or town, or shall engage in or carry on any such trade or business, or
shall purchase any British corn for any such purpose, at or within any such city
or town, make and deliver, in manner hereinafter mentioned, a declaration in the
following words (that is to say):—
“I, A.B., do declare, That the returns to be by me made, conformably to the Act passed in
the fifth year of the reign of Her Majesty Queen Victoria, intituled [here set forth the title
of this Act], of the quantities and prices of British corn which henceforward shall by or for
me be bought, shall, to the best of my knowledge and belief, contain the whole quantity,
and no more, of the British corn bona fide bought for or by me within the periods to which
returns respeetively shall refer, with the prices of such corn, and the names of the sellers
respectively, and to the best of my judgment the said returns shall in all respects be
conformable to the provisions of the said Act.”
Which declaration shall be in writing, and shall be subscribed with the hand of the


Paar III.] UNITED KINGDOM.–Imports.--Tariff, &c. 159
CLASS XX.
CoRN, SUGAR, AND MoLAssEs—continued.
CORN–continued.
person so making the same, and shall by him or her, or by his or her agent, be
delivered to the mayor or chief magistrate, or to some justice of the peace for
such city or town, or for the county, riding, or division in which the same is
situate, who are hereby required to deliver a certificate thereof to the officer of
excise acting as inspector of corn returns for such city or town, or to such con-
tinuing inspector of corn returns for such corn returns for such city or town (as
the case may be), to be by such officer or inspector registered in a book to be by
him provided and kept for that purpose, § 23.
How Inspectors of Returns empowered to require Declaration from Dealers
not within meaning of Act.—It shall be lawful for the inspectors of corn returns
for the city of London, the city of Oxford, and the town of Cambridge respectively,
and for any officer of excise acting as inspector of corn returns in any such other
city or town as aforesaid, or for any continuing inspector of corn returns in any
such other city or town, to serve upon and deliver to any person buying or selling
corn in any such city or town, and who is not within the terms and meaning of
this present Act, specially required to make any such declaration, a notice in
writing under the hand of such inspector or officer, requiring him to make such
declaration, and every such person upon whom such notice shall be served is hereby
required to comply with such notice, and to make such deelaration, in the same
manner in all respects as if he or she had been specially required to make the
same by the express provisions of this present Act. § 24.
How Dealers to make Returns in Writing to Inspectors of the Corn bought by
them.—All persons who are hereinbefore required to make, and who shall have
made such declaration, are hereby required, on the first market-day which shall be
holden in each week within each city or town named in the schedule annexed, ex-
cept the city of London, at or within which they shall respectively deal in corn, or
engage in or carry on any such trade or business, or purchase any corn for any
such purpose, to return to the officer of excise acting as inspector of corn returns
for such city or town, at the place appointed for receiving such returns, or to the
continuing inspector of corn returns for such city or town, or to the inspector of
corn returns for the city of Oxford or the town of Cambridge (as the case may be),
an account in writing, signed with their names respectively, of the amount of each
parcel of each sort of British corn so by them respectively bought during the
week ending on and including the day next preceding such first market-day as
aforesaid, with the price thereof, and by what weight or measure the same was so
bought by them, with the names of the sellers of each of the parcels respectively,
with the names of the persons, if any, other than the person making such return,
for or on account of whom the same was so bought and sold ; and it shall be
lawful for any such officer of excise acting as inspector of corn returns, or any
such continuing inspector of corn returns, to deliver to any person making or
tendering any such return a notice in writing, requiring him or her to declare and
set forth where and by whom and in what manner any such British corn was so
delivered is hereby required to comply therewith, and to declare and set forth in
such his or her return, or in a separate statement in writing, the several particulars
aforesaid. § 25.
How Inspectors to enter Returns in a Book; and transmit weekly Account of
Quantities and Prices of Corn sold.—The inspector of corn returns for the city
of London, the city of Oxford, and the town of Cambridge, and every officer of
excise acting as inspector of corn returns for the several other cities and towns,
and every such continuing inspector of corn returns for any of such other cities
or towns, shall duly and regularly enter in a book, to be by him provided and
kept for that purpose, the several accounts of the quantites and prices of corn
returned to him by such persons respectively; and every such inspector of corn
returns for the city of London, the city of Oxford, and the town of Cambridge,
and every officer of excise acting as inspector of corn returns, and every such
continuing inspector of corn returns, for any of the several other cities and towns
enumerated in the schedule, shall in each week return to the controller of corn


160 UNITED KINGDOM.–IMports.—Tariff, &c. [1845.
CLASS XX.
CoRN, Su GAR, AND MoLAssEs—continued.
CORN–continued.
returns an account of the weekly quantities and prices of the several sorts of
British corn sold in the city of London, or in the city or town for which he shall
be or act as inspector, according to the returns so made to him, and in such form
as shall be from time to time prescribed and directed by the controller of corn
returns; and the returns shall be so made to the controller by the inspector of
corn returns for the city of London on Friday in each week, and by the respective
inspectors of corn returns for the city of Oxford and the town of Cambridge, and
by the respective officers of excise acting as inspectors of corn returns, and by the
respective continuing inspectors of corn returns, for the several other cities and
towns, within three days next after the first market day holden in each week in
any such city or town. § 26.
Returns not to be included until persons have made Declaration.—-No inspector
of corn returns in the city of London, the city of Oxford or the town of Cam-
bridge, nor any officer of excise acting as inspector of corn returns in any other of
the cities or towns aforesaid, nor any such continuing inspector of corn returns in
any of such other cities or towns as aforesaid, shall include in the return so to be
made by them to the controller of corn returns any account of sales or purchases
of corn, unless such inspector or officer shall have received satisfactory proof that
the person tendering such account hath made the declaration hereinbefore required,
and hath delivered the same to the Lord Mayor or an Alderman of the city of
London, Mayor or Chief Magistrate, or to some justice of the peace of the city or
town for which such officer or inspector shall be acting as inspector of corn returns,
or to some justice of the peace for the county, riding, or division in which such
city or town is situate, or that such person hath previously to the passing of this
Act made and duly delivered the declaration required of him by the said Act of
9 Geo. 4, c. 60. § 27.
How Average Prices to be made up and published every Week, and Certificate
of Averages to be transmitted to Officers of Customs.-Hour Rate and Amount of
Duties to be regulated.—The average prices of all British corn, by which the rate
and amount of the duties shall be regulated, shall be made up and computed on
Thursday in each week, in manner following (that is to say): the controller of
corn returns shall on such Thursday in each week, from such returns as shall be
received by him during the week next preceding, ending on and including the
Saturday in such preceding week, add together the total quantities of each sort of
British corn appearing by such returns to have been sold, and the total prices for
which the same shall thereby appear to have been sold, and shall divide the amount
of such total prices respectively by the amount of such total quantities of each sort
of British corn, and the sum produced thereby shall be added to the sums in like
manner produced in the five weeks immediately preceding the same, and the
amount of such sums so added shall be divided by six, and the sum thereby given
shall be deemed to be the aggregate average price of each such sort of British corn,
for the purpose of regulating and ascertaining the rate and amount of the duties,
and the controller of corn returns shall cause such aggregate weekly averages to be
published in the next succeeding Gazette, and shall on Thursday in each week
transmit a certificate of such aggregate average prices of each sort of British corn
to the collector of customs at each of the several ports of the United Kingdom,
and to the collector or other chief officer of the customs at the port of Douglas, in
the Isle of Man; and the rate and amount of the duties to be paid under the
provisions of this Act, shall from to time be regulated and governed at each of the
ports of the United Kingdom respectively by the aggregate average prices of
British corn at the time of the entry for home consumption of any corn, grain,
meal, or flour, chargeable with any such duty, as such aggregate average prices
shall appear and be stated in the last of such certificates, which shall have been
received by the collector or other chief officer of customs at such port; and the
rate and amount of the duties to be paid under this Act shall from time to time be
regulated and governed in the Isle of Man by the aggregate average prices of
British corn at the time of the importation into the Isle of Man of any corn, grain,


PART III.] UNITED KINGDOM.—IMpoRTs.—Tariff, &c. 161
CLASS XX.
£oRN, SUGAR, AND MoLAssEs—continued.
CORN–continued.
meal, or flour, chargeable with any such duty, as such aggregate average prices
shall appear and be stated in the last of such certificates, which shall have been
received as aforesaid by the collector or other chief officer of customs at the port
of Douglas. § 28.
By what Measure Quantities of Corn to be Computed.—In the returns so to be
made to the controller of corm returns, and in publications so to be made from
time to time in the London Gazette, and in the certificate so to be transmitted by
the controller of corn returns to such collectors or other chief officers of customs,
the quantities of each sort of British corn shall be computed and set forth by the
imperial standard gallon. § 29.
What deemed British Corn.—All corn or grain, the produce of the United
Kingdom, shall be deemed to be British corn for the purposes of this Act. § 31.
Return believed to be Fraudulenf.—If the controller of corn returns shall at
any time see cause to believe that any return made to the inspector of corn returns
for the city of London, the city of Oxford, or the town of Cambridge, or to any
officer of excise acting as inspector of corn returns, or any such continuing in-
spector, for any other city or town as aforesaid, is fraudulent or untrue, the
controller is hereby required with all convenient expedition to lay before the lords
of the committee of privy council a statement of the grounds of such his belief;
and if, upon consideration of any such statement, the lords of the committee shall
direct the controller to omit any such return in the computation of such aggregate
weekly average price, then, but not otherwise, the controller is hereby authorised
to omit any such return in the computation of such aggregate weekly average
price. § 32.
Inspection of Books —The controller of corn returns is hereby authorised from
time to time, in pursuance of any instructions which he shall receive in that
behalf from the lords of the committee of privy council, to issue to the inspectors
of corn returns for the city of London, the city of Oxford, and the town of Cam-
bridge respectively, any general or special directions respecting the inspection by
any person of the books so directed to be kept by such inspector, and no such
inspector shall permit any person to inspect any such book, or to peruse or
transcribe any entry therein, except in compliance with some such general or
special directions from the controller of corn returns. § 31.
Copy of the last Refurn to be affived on Market Place on each Market Day.
—The inspectors of corn returns for the city of Oxford and the town of Cam-
bridge respectively, and every officer of excise acting as inspector of corn returns,
and every such continuing inspector of corn returns for any city or town other
than the city of London, is hereby required, on each market day, to put up or
cause to be put up in the market place of the city or town for which he shall act
as inspector, or if there be no market place in such city or town, then in some
other conspicuous place therein, near to where the corn market is usually held, a
copy of the last return made by him to the controller of corn returns, omitting the
names of the parties who may have sold and bought the corn; and every such
officer or inspector shall also again put up such account on the market day imme-
diately following that on which it shall first have been put up, in case the same
shall from accident or any other cause have been removed, and shall take due care
that the same shall remain up for public inspection until a new account for the
ensuing week shall have been prepared and set up. § 35.
Corn Dealers not making Declarations or Returns.—If any person who is
hereby required to make and deliver the declaration hereinbefore particularly
mentioned and set forth, shall not make and deliver such declaration at the time
and in the form and manner, and to the persons hereinbefore directed, every
person so offending shall forfeit and pay a sum not exceeding 20l., for each
calendar month during which he shall neglect or delay to make and deliver any
such declaration; and if any person who is hereinbefore required to make any
return to the inspector of corn returns for the city of London, or the city of
Oxford, or the town of Cambridge, or to any officer of excise acting as inspector,
w


162 UNITED KINGDOM.–IMpoRTs.—Tariff, &c. [1845.
('LASS XX.
CoRN, St. GAR, AND MoLAsses—continued.
('ORN–continued.
or to any such continuing inspector of corn returns, shall not make such returns
to such inspector or officer at the time, and in the form and manner hereinbefore
directed, every such offender shall, for such his offence, forfeit and pay a sum not
exceeding 201. § 39.
Witnesses not attending trht a required.— If any person who shall be summoned
as a witness to give evidence before any justices of the peace, touching any matter
of fact contained in any information or complaint for any offence against this Act,
either on the part of the prosecutor or of the person accused, shall, after a rea-
sonable sum of money for his or her charges and expenses shall have been paid or
been tendered to him or her, refuse or neglect to appear at the time and place for
that purpose appointed, without a reasonable excuse for his or her neglect, or
appearing, shall refuse to be examined on oath, and give evidence before such
justices, then, and in either of such cases, such person shall forfeit, for every such
offence, any sum not exceeding 101. § 41.
False Returns. If any person shall make any false and fraudulent statement
in any such return as he is hereinbefore directed and required to make, or shall
falsely and wilfully include, or procure or cause to be included, in any such return,
any British corn which was not truly and bond ſide sold or bought to, by, or on
behalf of the persons in any such return mentioned in that behalf, in the quantity
and for the price therein stated and set forth, every such offender shall be and be
deemed guilty of a misdemeanor. § 42.
Practice ºf Measuring, or Pririleges of the City ºf London.—Nothing in this
Act shall extend to alter the present practice of measuring corn, or any of the
articles aforesaid, to be shipped from, or to be landed in the Port of London, but
the same shall be measured by the sworn meters appointed for that purpose, by
whose certificate the searchers or other proper officers of customs are hereby
empowered and required to certify the quantity of corn and other articles as
aforesaid so shipped or landed; and nothing in this Act shall extend to lessen or
take away the rights and privileges of, or the tolls or duties due and payable to
the mayor, and commonalty, and citizens of the city of London, or to the mayor
of the said city for the time being, or to take away the privileges of any persons
lawfully deriving title from or under them. § 43.
Limitation of Actions.—If any action or suit be brought against any person
for anything by him or her done by virtue of this Act, such action or suit shall be
commenced within three months next after the thing done, and shall be laid in the
proper county; and the defendant in such action or suit shall and may plead the
general issue, and give this Act and the special matter in evidence, at any trial to
be had thereupon; and if, afterwards, a verdict shall pass for the defendant, or
the plantiff shall discontinue his or her action or actions, or be non-suited, or
judgment shall be given against him or her, upon demurrer or otherwise, then
such defendant shall have treble costs awarded to him or her against such plaintiff.
§ 44.
ALLOWANCES FOR, NATURAL WASTE.
In respect of any wheat or barley, or any rye, or any oats, lodged in warehouses
without payment of duty on the first importation thereof, the following allowances
for natural waste shall be made upon the exportation thereof, or upon the entry
thereof for home consumption; viz.
In respect of all wheat, barley, and rye, except as hereinafter provided, which
has been in warehouse
1 month, and less than 3 months, l ; per centum
3 months - ... 6 ; : 2 3 y
6 months - . 12 22 2% * *
12 months and upwards x * 3 > *


PART III.] UNITED KINGDOM.–IMPosts.—Tariff, &c. 163
CLASS XX.
CoRN, SUGAR, AND MoLAssEs—continued.
-
CORN–continued.
In respect of oats, except as hereinafter provided, which have been in warehouse
1 month, and less than 3 months, 2% per centum
3 months - ... 6 x * 3. 5 *
6 months . - . 12 • ? 4} • *
12 month and upwards x * 5 - 5
Exceptioxs.
Provided that only half the above allowances hereby directed to be made on
wheat and barley and oats respectively shall be made upon Spanish wheat and
barley and oats respectively, and upon wheat and barley kiln-dried abroad respec-
tively, and that no such allowance shall be made in respect of rye being kiln-dried ;
provided also, that no such allowance shall be made unless there shall be an
Actual Deficiency in the quantity of such wheat, rye, barley, and oats originally
warehoused. 5 & 6 Wict. c. 47, § 53. [July 9, 1842].
TIME OF ASCEl-TAINING I) EFICIENCIES:.
By C. O., October 11, 1842, whereas by the 5th & 6th Vict., c. 47, certain allowances for
matural waste are to be made upon the entry for home consumption of wheat, barley, rye,
and oats, and it appearing to the commissioners of Her Majesty’s customs that much incon-
venience would arise to the trade by insisting that such allowances should be ascertained at
the time of the entry of such goods for home consumption, and that it is reasonable that
further time should be granted for ascertaining such deficiencies,
Notic E is IIEREBY GIVEN,
That the said commissioners have granted and allowed eight days, after the entry for home
consumption of any such wheat, barley, rye, and oats, for ascertaining any such deficiencies,
and that unless such deficiencies shall be ascertained within such period by the merchants in
the warehouse in which such goods have been deposited according to law, the trade will not
be allowed the advantage contemplated by the Act before mentiomed.
By order of the Commissioners, C. A. Scovell, Secretary.
WHAT IMPORT DUTIES TO BE PAII) WHEN WESSELS I’ERFORM
QUARANTINE.
By C. O., April 1, 1839, the regulations prescribed in T.O. of 25th and 27th of June, 1831, in
respect of corm imported from Russia, are to be duly observed with regard to vessels arriving
from Odessa and the Mediterranean, until further orders.
By T. L., June 25, 1831, the following regulations are to be observed, riz. –
That the superintendent of quarantine, at the quarantine stations where the vessels may arrive
shall grant a certificate, stating the name of each ship arriving from Russia with corm, the
master’s name, from what port, and the exact date and time of her arrival at the quarantine
station, and shall transmit such certificate on the day of the vessel’s arrival, with the original
manifest of the vessel, or a copy of the manifest, signed by the master of the vessel, and by
himself, by the post or other conveyance, to the collector and controller of the port to which
the vessel is bound. And that the merchant, importer or consignee of the corn shall have
the privilege of entering the corn for the duty, payable according to the average in force at
the time when the certificate of the quarantine officers bears date or for the warehouse,
in like manner as if the vessel had arrived at the port of discharge, and the master been en-
abled to make a report of his cargo.
By T. L., June 27, 1831, the certificates are to contain a statement of the day and hour on
which the vessels are diverted from their course. The foregoing regulations are to apply to
ALL corn vessels coming from infected places.
By T. L., dated July 19, 1839, it is stated, that my Lords consider it necessary that a further
order should be issued which should regulate the proceedings of the officers of customs for
the future, and carry into effect the intentions of the Treasury in their former minute.
My Lords are pleased therefore to direct that the superintendent of quarantine at the qua-
rantine station, when any vessel subject to quarantine may arrive, shall grant a certificate
stating the name of such ship arriving with corn, the master’s name, from what port, and
the exact date and hour of her arrival at the qurantine sta'i ºn, and the exact date and hour
of her being released from quarantine, and that, upon the entry of such corn for duty, the
time during which such vessel had been detained in quarantine shall be allowed, and the duty
shall be charged, as if the corn were entered as of the date which shall be calculated, deduct-
ing from her actual entry the time the yessel shall have been detained in quarantine.
By T. L., July 20, 1839, the orders issued by the Board of Customs with respect to their Lord.
ships' directions of 27th of March last, are supersed, d.
WHAT I)UTIES TO BE PAID ON REMOVAI, COASTWISE.
By C. O., July 11, 1830, cases having occurred in which parties after having entered corn for
removal coastwise from the warehouse, and giving the usual bond for the re-warehousing
thereof at another port, had been allowed by the officers to chter the same for home con-
sumption, and pay the duty thereon, although the corn had been actually shipped for re-
M 2


164 UNITED KINGDOM.–IMpoRTs.—Tariff, &c. [1845.
CLASS XX.
£oRN, SUGAR, Moi,Asses—continued.
{\ORN–continued.
moval. The Lords of the Treasury have signified their opinion “that it is not expedient to
deprive parties removing corn from one port to another, under bond, of the facility of paying
the duty while such corn is in transit, at such time as they may choose.”
1)AMA (; EJ) ( () RN.
By C. O., Jan. 27, 1837, in all cases where corn is taken out of warehouse to be kiln-dried, the
duty is not to be remitted on any deficiency arising from the process, the same being due on
the quantity ascertained at the time ºf landing, minus any allowance which may have been
adjudged at the time of importation for actual damage.
By C. O., Jan. 31, 1838, the officers of customs may, upon their own judgment, after due in-
quiry as they have hither to done, determine that no damage had been sustained by the corn
after shipment, and upon that decisiºn fºund a refusal to appoint albitrators, who are re-
quired to estimate the sºunt of da:uage in those cases ºnly in which the officers have first
admitted that “ soºn, almount of ºtin:"...e had been sustained.” 'I he board direct that the
proper officers do govern the:ºselves accordingly : and that with a view of ascertaining the
illtimate deterioration of corn which has been eizuitted by the officers to have been
damaged, such abatement he made in respect of the amount of damage which, in the judg-
ment of the officers, or of the assessors iſ any shali have been appointed", they may see fit to
award.
That with regard to the increase of measurable quantity prºduced in corn by heat only, the
officers do not in any case award a quantity more than they consider it shall have increased
during the royage, and that any expense which islay be incurred in putting the corn into
condition be not taken into consideration—and that the landing-surveyors do assess and
record in the landing-book an equitable and proper per centage for increase upon the total
quantity ascertained by the meter, such per centage to be deducted from the said quantity at
the foot of the account at the times of importation.
By C. O., March 8, 1833, it is stated, with reference to the ºn Jeet of making allowances upon
foreign corn for damage alleged to have been received by heating on board of the imporiing
resseſ during the voyage to the United Kingdom, that the question to which the attention of
the officers is to be principally directed is, that the damage upon which abatement should be
made, mist be that which cannot by any care or good treatment be removed; and it is the
amount of this damage, without regard to the expense of such treatment, which the officers,
or the parties called in by them as assessors, should, to the best of their judgment, report as
their award. The officers are authºrised under the law, upon their own judgment, after due
inquiry, to determine that no damage has been sustained by the corn after shipment, and
upon that decision fºund a refusal to appoint arbitrators, who are wanted only to estimate
the amount of such damage in those casts in which the commissioners have first admitted
that some amount of damage has been so sustained. The officers will be required—
1st. To determine, after taking due means of inquiry, in order to satisfy themselves whether
any damage has been received, with the view, iſ necessary, of appointing arbitrators to assess
the amount.
2nd. In the assessment of damage, either by arbitrators, or by the officers, to take care that an
abatement should only be made in respect of that amount of damage, which would remain
in the corn after every proper means had been taken for restoring it to its condition, without
regard to the expense of the treatment; at the salue time observing, that a distinct allowance
be first made for increase of measurable quantity arising from the heated state of the corn,
and that the amount of damage be assessed on the reduced quantity.
With respect to the other matter adverted to by the Lords of the Committee of Trade, viz., the
increase of measureable quantity, which is produced by heat, it appears to be the opinion of
their Lordships, when the officers, after inquiry, as inefore directed, shall have determined
that some temporary increase of measure has been occasioned by natural heating during the
voyage, that some estimate should be made, at the time of taking the account, of the
difference between the quantity produced by heat and that which may be expected to be the
quantity by true measure, after the heat has subsided, in order that the amount of that
difference may not afterwards be computed as a deficiency accruing in the warehouse, but be
allowed by the officers as an increase of measurable quantity produced in the corn by heat
only.
By º O., July 12, 1838, the merchant is not entitled to any allowance for the shrinkage
of corn in the bonded warehouses; but when there is a material to show after screening,
viz. dirt, rubbish, damaged corn, &c., occasioned by weevil or otherwise, it is the practice in,
London (after obtaining the Board's authority) to allow the same to be destroyed, under the
care of the proper officers, at the merchant’s expense; and credit given for the quantity in
the warehousing accounts. The order of August 9, 1832, is rescinded. [See now the new
allowanees, p 162.]
By T. L. Jan. 10, 1839, adverting to the Order of March 8, 1838, a reference to arbitration
should not be refused, except in cases where the officer, upon inquiry, is perfectly satisfied
that no damage has been received.
By C. O., August 6, 1829, it is directed that in cases where any vessels shall arrive at an outport
with foreign corn in a heated or damaged stafe, or under any other circumstances which may
render an immediate unshipment thereof necessary, the collector and controller may permit
the same to be deposited in some proper warehouse, upon such cargo being duly entered,
and are to report the same forthwith for the Board's further direction.


PART III.] UNITED KINGDOM.–IMports.—Tariff, &c. 165
CLASS XX.
CoRN, SUGAR, AND MOLASSEs—continued.
CORN–continued.
DELIVERY OF WHEAT ON SUBSTITUTING FLO U R OR BISCUIT"
How Warehoused Wheat to be delivered Duty-free upon depositing Flour or
Biscuit—Quantity of Wheat Flour or Biscuit.—It shall be lawful for the
principal officer of customs, having charge of any warehouse, in which any wheat
may have been or may be warehoused without payment of duty upon the first
entry thereof, under any law in force, to deliver any quantity thereof duty-free,
upon there being deposited in warehouse in lieu thereof fine wheat flour or biscuit,
as hereinafter meationed ; (that is to say), upon there being deposited in ware-
house, in lieu cf the wheat so to be delivered,
For every 96 lb. of kiln-dried wheat, or
For every 100 lb. of wheat not being kiln-dried,—not less than 781b. of fine
wheat flour, or
68 lb. of captain's biscuit, or
80 lb. of biscuit of the standard of the biscuit supplied to Her Majesty's navy.
Or,
118 lb. of common ship's biscuit;
And so in proportion for any less quantity than—
96 lb. of kiln-dried wheat, or
100 lb. of wheat not kiln-dried ;
such flour or biscuit having been manufactured in the United Kingdom, or such
flour having been duly imported thereinto, and the duty thereon having been
paid. 5 & 6 Wict., c. 92 $ 1. [Aug. 10, 1842.] .
How Wheat Flour and Biscuit may be deposited in II are/ouse, and Certificate
granted to entitle Holder to Quantify ºf Whea/ Duty-free.— It shall be lawful for
the owner of any such fine wheat flour or of any such biscuit as is hereinbefore
mentioned, to deposit any quantity of such flour or biscuit in any warehouse in
which foreign flour or biscuit may be warehoused according to law; and upon
such deposit being so made, such officers of custom:s as shall be appointed by the
commissioners of customs so to do shall give to the party making such deposit a
certificate under their hands of such deposit having been made, according to the
form in the schedule to this Act annexed ; and such certſicate shall, during the
period of six weeks from the date thereof, and no longer, entitie the holder of it to
have such quantity of warehoused wheat delivered to him duty free from any
warehouse as, according to the scale hereinbefore set forth, shall be equivalent to
the flour or biscuit mentioned in such certificate. § 2.
How Persons naking Deposits of Flour and Biscuit entitled to equicalent
Quantities of Wheat Duty-free from Vessel.—Any person having deposited in any
warehouse, in the manner required by this Act, any quantity of fine wheat flour or
biscuit, shall be entitled to enter duty free, from any vessel, such a quantity of
wheat as, according to the scale hereinbefore set forth, shall he equivalent to the
quantity of flour or biscuit so deposited, and the holder of any such certificate as is
hereinbefore mentioned shall also be entitled to enter duty free, from any vessel,
any quantity of wheat which, according to the scale, shall be equivalent to thc
quantity of flour or biscuit mentioned in the said certificate. § 3.
Notice to Collector ºf Wheat required to be dei wered from IJ'arehouse.—Three
days at least before any wheat shall be delivered from any warehouse or vessel duty
free under this Act, the person requiring such delivery shall give or cause to be
given to the collector of the port a notice in writing, specifying the quantity of the
wheat so required to be delivered, and the day upon which the delivery is required
to be made, or, in cases where such wheat is required under such certificate as is
hereinbefore mentioned, shall deliver to the collector of the port the certificate of
the previous deposit of flour or biscuit in respect of which such wheat is to be so
‘lelivered, and shall also make due entry of such wheat in the manner required by
law upon the entry of goods for home consumption. § 1.
No Wheat to be delirered Duty-free but on certain conditions.—No wheat


166 UNITED KINGDOM.–Ixiports, Tariff, &c. [1845.
('LASS XX.
CoRN, SUGAn AND MoLAsses.—continued.
CORN– continued.
shall be delivered duty free under this Act until the articles hereinbefore required
to be substituted for the same shall have been deposited in the warehouse, nor
until the proper officer of customs shall have ascertained that such articles are of
the quality and weight hereinbefore required ; nor shall any wheat be delivered
duty free under any such certificate, until the same shall have been delivered to
and duly examined by the proper officer, and found to be correct, nor until such
wheat shall have been weighed and measured at the expense of the party requiring
the delivery thereof. § 5.
Substituted Flour and Biscuit to be sulject to certain conditions—All flour and
biscuit which, under the provisions of this Act, shall have been deposited in ware-
house as aforesaid, shall be subject in all respects to the same regulations, and for-
feitures as warehºused goods shall for the time being be subject to under the laws
in force, except that such biscuit shall not be permitted to be taken out of the
warehouse for home consumption ; and that such flour upon entry thereof from
the warehouse for home consumption, shall be liable to such and the same duties
as the same would be liable to if it were the manufacture of and imported from
foreign count, § 6.
Reimportation.—It shall not be lawful to reimport any such flour or biscuit;
and any such flour or biscuit, if re-imported, shall be forfeited. § 7.
Depositing Articles of inferior Quality.—If any parcel or package tendered to
be so deposited, purporting to be or to contain such flour, shall thereupon or
thereafter be found to be or contain flour other than the best fine wheat flour, or
any other article than the best fine wheat flour, or if any parcel or package ten-
dered to be so deposited, purporting to be or to contain biscuit of any of the
several qualities hereinbefore micntioned be found to be or to contain biscuit of an
inferior quality, or to be or contain any ot.ef article than ship's biscuit, every
such parcel or package and the contents thºr ºf shall be forfeited, together with
the penal sum of £5, for overy quarter of the wheat for which the same was in-
tended to be substituted, such penalty to be paid by the party tendering the article
to be deposited ; and such forfeitures and penalties shall be recovered and dealt
with in all respects as forfeitures and penalties under any law relating to the
customs are recovered and dealt with. § 8.
Commencement and Conſin itance of Act.—This Act shall commence and take
effect from the passing thereof, and shall continue in force until 31st August,
1845. § 9.
SCHEDULE REFERRED To BY THIS ACT,
CERTIFICATE of DE posit of FINE WHEAT FLOUR or B1scu IT.
under Victoria, Cap.
Port of
We, the undersigned, do herehy certify, That A. B. has this
day deposited in a certain warehouse situated [describe the situation] the following articles
[describe the qualities and weights of the articles deposited in words at length], and that the
same are of the before-mentioned qualities and weights, according to the true intent and mean-
ing of the above-mentioned Act.
Given under our hands, this day of A. B.
C. D.
By C. O., Scpt. 13, 1842, it is directed, that parties intending to warehouse wheat flour or bis-
cuit under the above Act, shall, upon giving bond, pass a warehousing entry containing the
particulars of the goods, and describing the warehouse in which the same is to be deposited;
LIMITATION OF TIME.
* By 6 & 7 Vict, c. 84, § 21 [Aug. 22, 1843], no Flour which shall be deposited in warehouse
under the provisions of the above Act shall be entered from the warehouse for Home Consump-
tion until four weeks after the day upon which it shall have been so deposited.
By C. O. Aug. 2, 1844, a doubt having been entertained whether, under the above act of 5 & 6
Vict, c. 92, there is any limitation of time for the delivery of wheat from the ressel, it is stated
* the Board of Trade have given it as their opinion that the limitation of time applies to the
3rd section.


PART III.] UNITED KINGDOM.–IMPorts.--Tariff, &c. 167
Rates of Duty.*
CLASS XX. Of or from Of and from
CoRN, SUGAR, AND MoLASSES-continued. Foreign British
Countries. Possessions.
CORN–continued. #2 s. d.
and that, upon the proper officers receiving authority under such entry, they do proceed,
according to the regulations observed on the importation of goods, to the strictest examina.
tion of the quantity and quality of the articles, with reference to the 8th section of the Act,
and make a correct record thereof in the official books; and in all cases of doubt as to the
quality of the goods, the officers are to apply to the trade, and, if necessary, to the board;
and upon the proper return being made to the principal officers in the warehousing depart-
ment, they are to grant a certificate according to the form annexed to the before-mentioned
Act.
And it being the intention of the goverment that flour and biscuits made in the United King-
dom, and substituted under the provisions of the Act, should be delivered from the ware-
house as ship’s stores—
Ordered, That such flour and biscuit be accordingly added to the list of articles allowed as
stores, and that the searchers do allow one pound of fine biscuit, and half a pound of flour
for each officer and cabin passenger, and one pound and a quarter of common ship's biscuit
and half a pound of flour for each of the crew and steerage passengers per diem, under the
regulations common to other descriptions of goods delivered from the bonding warehouses
as stores,
BY THE CoMMIssion ERs, &c. Dec. 17, 1842.
Doubts having been entertained whether, under the provisions of the Act 5 & 6 Vict. c. 92,
fine wheat flour, made from kiln-dried wheat, may be substituted in bond for an equivalent
quantity of wheat, to be delivered from the warehouse duty free;
The Board are of opinion that flour made from kiln-dried wheat may be so substituted, pro-
vided it be the best fine wheat flour, and the proper officers are to govern themselves ac-
cordingly.
By T. L., March 20, 1843, authority is given to take in substitution for wheat, any biscuit of
which the quality is finer than the highest class mentioned in the foregoing Act, whereof
the quantity tendered for substitution is as great as that required for the highest class viz.,
68 lb.
By T. L., August 25, 1843, fancy biscuits may be received in substitution for wheat under the
following conditions:-.
1st. That the quality be higher than that of the first class (captain's biscuit) provided for by
the Act,
2nd. That wheat be the main ingredient, and any other article purcly subsidiary in the manu-
facture.
3rd. That the revenue officers be convinced in each particular case, as it arises, that there is
no detriment to the revenue.
SUGAR+–From 10th November, 1844, until 5th July 1845,
there shall be charged the Duties of Customs following: viz. –
BrowN or Muscov.ADo or CLAYED SUGAR, not being refined,
cwt. - - - - - - . 3 3 ()
The Growth of any British possession in America, and imported
thence, cwt. - - - . 1 A ()
The growth of any British possession within the limits of the
East India Company's Charter, into which the importation
of foreign sugar is prohibited, imported thence, cwt. . 1 1 ()
The growth of any other British possession within those limits
and imported from thence, cwt. - - - . 1 12 ()
And on Sugar which shall be certified as hereinafter is men-
tioned to be the growth of CIIINA, JAVA, or MANILLA, or of
any other foreign country, the sugar of which Her Majesty in
Council shall have declared in manner hereinafter mentioned
to be admissible as not being the produce of slave labour, and
which shall be imported into the United Kingdom either
from the country of its growth or from some British posses-
t For the Chancellor of the Exchequer’s speech in the House of Commons, touching these
Duties, see p. 175.
* ADD 5 per cent. to each Duty, as mentioned p. 47.
For QUANTITLEs IM ported, see MiscELLANEous INForMAtion, prefited ſo
the Journal.


168 UNITED KINGDOM.–IMports.-Tariff, &c. [1845.
t --- *-* -- Rates of Duty.*
CLASS XX. of or from of and from
!on N. SU' (, AND Moi, Asses—continued. Foreign British
CoRN, Su (, Ait, AND vsks wrºtºrſ ("ountries. | Possessions.
SUGAR — continued. £ s. d.
sion, having first been imported into such British possession
from the country of its growth, the following duties; namely,
I}Rows, Muscov.ADo, or CLAY E1 cwt. - - . 1 14 0
Moi, Asses, cwt. - - - - - . 1 3 (?
The produce of and imported from any ºritish possession, cwt. 0 9 0
Scq AR, REFINEI), cwt. - 8 8 ()
CANDY, BRow N, cwt. 5 12 ()
— WHITF, cwt. 8 8. ()
7 & 8 Vici. c. 23, § 1. [ith July, 1844.]
Hot Countries to be admissible as to Sugar not being the Produce of
Slare Labour. From 10th November, 18 I, it shall be lawful for Her
Majesty, and She is hereby empowered, from time to time, by any orders in
council, to declare, with respect to any foreign country, that it having
appeared to Her Majesty, upon sufficient evidence, that the sugars of such
country are not the produce of slave labour, such sugars shall (from and
after a day to be named in such order), be deemed not to be the produce of
slave labour; and from the day so to be named in such order the brown,
muscovado, or clayed sugar (not being refined) of the countries mentioned
in such order shall be admissible to entry for home consumption at the said
duty of 17. 1 1s. the hundred weight, with five per centum additional. § 3.
Certificates.—No sugar shall be admissible to entry for home consump-
tion at the duty of 11.14s. with five per centum additional as aforesaid,
unless the master of the ship in porting the same shall have delivered to the
collector or comptroller at the port of importation such certificates as herein-
after mentioned, nor unless such m:::::ter shall also make and subscribe a
declaration before such collector or comptroller that such certificates were
received by him at the place where such sugar was taken on board, and that
the sugar so imported is the same as is mentioned therein. § 4.
I’articulars ºf Certificates of Sugar from China, Java, or Manilla.-
In case such sugar shall be imported from China, Java, or Manilla, or from
any other of the countries named in such order in council as hereinbefore
is mentioned, the certificate so to be given to the collector or comptroller at
the port of importation shall be under the hand and seal of the British
consul, vice-consul, consular agent, or other officer appointed in that behalf
by IIer Majesty, at the place where such sugar was taken on board, and
shall certify that a declaration in writing had been made and signed before
such consul, vice-consul, consular agent, or other officer, by the shipper of
such sugar, that the same was really and bona fide the growth of the country
in which the same was so taken on board, and shall also certify that such
consul, vice-consul, consular agent, or other officer had examined the con-
tents of such declaration, and believed the same to be true. § 5.
Certificate of Sugar from British Possessions.—In case such sugar shall
be imported from any British Possession abroad, the master of the vessel
importing the same shall deliver to the collector or comptroller at the port
of importation, firstly, a certificate under the hand and seal of the principal
officer of customs at the place where the same was taken on board, certi-
fying that a declaration in writing had been made and signed before such
principal officer by the shipper of such sugar that the same was really and
bona fide the growth of China, Java, or Manilla, or of some other of the
* ADD 5 per cent. to each Duty, as mentioned p. 47.
For QUANtities IMPorted, see MiscellANEous INForMATION, prefixed to
the Journal,


PART III.] UNITED KINGDOM.–IMPoRTs, Tariff, &c. 169
CLASS XX.
CoRN, SUGAR, AND MOLASSEs—continued.
SUGAR–continued.
countries named in such Order in Council as hereinbefore is mentioned, and
had been imported thence into such British Possession abroad, and also
certifying that such principal officer of customs had examined the contents
of such declaration, and believed the same to be true; secondly a certificate
under the hand and seal of the British consul, vice-consul, consular agent,
or other officer appointed in that behalf by Her Majesty (if any such there
be), at the place whence such sugar shall have been imported into such
British Possession abroad, certifying that a declaration in writing had been
made and signed before such consul, vice-consul, consular agent, or other
officer, by the shipper of such sugar from such place, that the same was
really and bona fide the produce of the country whence the same shall have
been so imported into such British Possessions abroad, and also certifying
that such consul, vice-consul, consular agent, or other officer had examined
the contents of such declaration, and believed the same to be true: pro-
vided, that in case such sugar shall be imported into the United Kingdom
from any British Possession abroad, being part of the territories of the East
India Company, the certificate and declaration hereby required to be given
and received by the principal officer of customs may be respectively given
and received by any officer appointed for that purpose by the respective
governments of such territories. § 6.
Sugars of Countries with which Her Majesty has Treaties of Reciprocity.
—With regard to sugar the growth of any foreign country, between which
country and Her Majesty there is now subsisting any treaty or convention
binding Her Majesty to grant to such country, either conditionally or un-
conditionally, the privileges of the most favoured nations, or to permit,
either conditionally or unconditionally, the produce of such country to be
imported into the United Kingdom at the same duties as are imposed upon
the like produce of any other country, it shall be lawful for Her Majesty,
and she is hereby empowered, from time to time, by any Order or Orders in
Council, to declare that from and after a day to be named in such order, not
earlier than 10th November, 1844, brown, Muscovado, or clayed sugars
(not being refined) the growth of such country, in case such treaty shall
after the said day subsist, shall, if imported from such country, or from any
British Possession abroad, having been imported into such British Possession
from such country, be admitted to entry for consumption in the United
Kingdom at the aforesaid rate of duty of 11.14s. the cwt., and five per
centum additional as aforesaid; and from the day so to be named in such
order the sugars therein mentioned shall, if so imported, be so admitted
accordingly, subject nevertheless to the production of the like certificates,
and the making of the like declaration, as are hereinbefore required with
respect to sugars the growth of China, Java, or Manilla. § 7.
If such Treaty be conditional, Order in Council to state fulfilment of
Condition—In case the privileges granted by any treaty to any foreign
country in respect of which any Order in Council shall be issued under the
enactment lastly hereinbefore contained shall have been granted condi-
tionally, such order shall expressly declare that such foreign country hath
duly fulfilled the said conditions, and is entitled to the said privilege. § 8.
East India Sugar.—If at any time satisfactory proof shall have been
laid before Her Majesty in Council that the importation of foreign sugar
into any British possession within the limits of the East India Company's
Charter is prohibited, it shall be lawful for Her Majesty, with the advice of
Her Privy Council, or by Her Majesty's Order in Council, to be published
from time to time in the London Gazette, to allow the importation of sugar
the growth of any such British possession at the lower rate of duty in like


170 UNITED KINGI)OM.–IMports.—Tariff, &c. [1845.
('LASS XX.
t'. Its, St G.AR, AN1) Moi,Assis—continued.
SU(; A R – continued.
manner, and under the same conditions, as sugar the growth of the Presi-
dency of Fort William in Bengal may be imported, subject to a lower rate
of duty. § 10.
How Orders in Council may be revoked. – It shall be lawful for Her
Majesty, by an Order in Council, from time to time to revoke or alter any
Order in Council previously made under the authority of the Act. § 11.
IIow Orders in Council to be published—Every Order in Council, to be
made under the authority of this Act shall, as soon as may be after the
making thereof by Her Majesty in Council, be published in the London
Gazette. § 12.
Copies to be laid before Parliament.—A copy of every Order of Her
Majesty in Council made under this Act shall be laid before both houses of
*arliament within six weeks after issuing the same, if Parliament be then
sitting, and if not, then within six weeks after the commencement of the
then next session of Parliament. § 13.
..TABLE JU'I("E.
By C. O., July 20, 1812, some importations having recently taken place of an article denomi-
nated “Vegetable Juice,” and |. having arisen whether the article was admissible at the
ad rulo, em duty of 20 per cent., ºr ºccording to the quantity of sugar contained therein;
And the Lords of the Treasury, by their Ord th February last, and 9th ultimo. having
decided that the duty be levied thereon with reference to the quantity of sugar contained in
the article, the oificers are to govern themselves accordingly : conformally to the 3rd sec. of
the Act 3 & 1 Vict... ch: ; , which enacts, that “all sweets and saccharine matter which
shall resemble or be in the form and imitation of sugar, or which shall be capable of being
used as stigar, sh:ll be deemed to be sugar within the meaning of the Act.”
Fair samples ºf all i :*s ºf a questional le character, which may be deemed by the offi-
cers tº be liable to t r duty, are to be forwarded to the Board, for the purpose of as.
certaining the quantity ugar contained ther, in.
By T. L., Jan. 20. 1s 13, the ad ralorem duty of 20 per cent. on in portations of certain Vege-
uice impºrted from Rotterdam is to be charged.
REAI)Y IRE ("KONIN (;.
Showing at ºne view the duty from 1 1%. to owt.—at 24s. cwt.
1b. s. d. lb. s. d. Ih. s, d. its. s, d.
1 . . . . () 3 8 . . . . l ;) 15 :8 :8 22 4 9
2 . . . . () 5 9 1 11 16 :: 5 23 4 11
: () 8 1() 2 :2 17 3 8 2.4 5 2
4 () l () 11 > 1 18 3 l () 25 5 4
5 1 1 12 2 7 10 4 l 26 5 7
6 1 : 13 2 () 20 4 3 27 5 9
; l 6 l 4 . : () 21 . 4 6 28 6 0
IDERELICT.
No abatement of the duties payable upon sugar found Derelict, Jetsam, Flotsam,
or Wreck, shall be made or allowed. 5 & 6 Wict. c. 47, § 17, [July 9, 1842.]
IDAMAGE.
Whereas by the Act for the Regulation of the Customs it is enacted, that in
respect of certain goods enumerated in a list contained in the said Act no abate-
ment of the duties of importation should be made on account of damage sustained
during the voyage, and it is expedient to disallow such abatement in respect of
sugar; it is therefore enacted, that such abatement in respect of sugar shall be
unlawful and disallowed. 5 & 6 Wict. c. 47, § 14. [July 9, 1842.
PRESIDENCY ()F FORT WILLIAM.
Foreign Sugar into certain British Possessions.—From December, 1, 1836, it
shall not be lawful to import into any part of the Presidency of Fort William in


PART III.] UNITED KINGDOM.–IMPoRTs.—Tariff, &c. 171
|
CLASS XX.
CoRN, SUGAR, AND Moi,Asses.—continued.
SUGAR–continued.
Bengal, or of any dependency thereof, being a British possession, any foreign
sugar, nor any sugar the growth of any British possession into which foreign
sugar can be legally imported, except into such districts or provinces of the said
Presidency, or of the dependencies thereof, as shall be appointed by the Governor-
General of India in Council. § 3.
Sugar not at a lower Rate of Duty.—No sugar, the produce of any district or
province in respect of which any such orders shall be issued, shall be imported into
any part of the United Kingdom at the lower rate of duty proposed by this act.
§ 4.
CERTIFICATE OF ORIGIN.
Before any sugar shall be entered as being of the produce of any of the provinces
composing the Presidency of Fort William in Bengal, or of any of the dependencies
thereof, being a British possession, at the lower rate of duty fixed by this Act, the
master of the ship importing the same shall deliver to the collector or controller of
customs at the port of importation a certificate under the hand and seal of the
collector of sea customs of the port where such sugar was taken on board within
the limits of the Presidency of Fort William in Bengal, or of any of the de-
pendencies thereof, being a British possession, testifying that there had been pro-
duced to him by the shipper of such sugar a certificate under the hand and seal of
the collector or assistant collector of the land or custom revenue of the district
within which such sugar was produced, that such sugar was the produce of the
district, and that the importation into such district of foreign sugar, or sugar the
growth of any British possession, into which foreign sugar can be legally imported,
is prohibited; which certificate so granted by the collector of sea customs shall
state the name of the districts in which such sugars were produced, their quantity
and quality, the number and denomination of the packages containing the same,
and the name of the ship in which they are laden, and of the master thereof; and
such master shall also make a declaration before the collector or controller that
such certificate was received by him at the place where such sugar was taken on
board, and that the sugar so imported is the same as is mentioned therein. § 5.
What Persons may give Certificates.—It shall be lawful for the Governor
General of India in Council to appoint any officers, other than the collector and
assistant-collector of land revenue, and the collector of customs, to give such cer-
tificates. 5 & 6 Wict., c. 47, § 6.
()THER PLACES.
Certificate.—Before any sugar shall be entered as being of the produce of some
British Possession in America, or the Island of Mauritius, the master of the ship
importing the same shall deliver to the collector or controller a certificate, from
the proper officer, of the place where such goods were taken on board, testifying
that proof had been made in manner required by law, that such goods are the
produce of some British Possession in America, or of the Island of Mauritius,
stating the name of the place where such goods were produced, and the quantity
and quality of the goods, and the number and denomination of the packages con-
taining the same, and the name of the ship in which they are laden, and of the
master thereof; and such master shall also make and subscribe a declaration before
the collector or controller that such certificate was received by him at the place
where such goods were taken on board, and that the goods so imported are the
same as are mentioned therein. 3 & 4 Will. 4, c. 52, § 37.
Before any sugar shall be entered as being the produce of any British Possession
within the limits of the East India Company's Charter, the master of the ship
importing the same shall deliver to the collector or controller a certificate under
the hand and seal of the proper officer, at the place where such sugar was taken
on board, testifying that proof had been made before him, by the shipper of
such sugar, that the same was really and bond fide the produce of such
British Possession; and such master shall also make and subscribe a declaration
before the collector or controller that such certificate was received by him at the


172 UNITED KINGDOM.–IMpoRTs.—Tariff, &c. [1845.
CLASS XX.
Coit N, SUCAR, AND Mor,Asses—continued.
SUGAR–continued.
place where such sugar was taken on board, and that the sugar so imported is the
same as is mentioned therein. 3 & # Will. 4, c. 52, § 38.
East India Sugar and Coffee Iſarehoused at the Cape of Good Hope.—If any
sugar or coffee, the produce of any British Possession, within the limits of the East
India Company's Charter, shall have been imported into the Cape of Good Hope
from the place of its production, accompanied by such a certificate of origin as
would be sufficient for its admission in the United Kingdom at the low rate of duty,
and shall have been warehoused at the Cape of Good Hope under the regulations
there in force for the warehousing of goods, and shall have been exported from
such warehouse, accompanied by a certificate from the proper officer of customs
at the Cape of Good Hope, setting forth the particulars of the importation and of
the warehousing, and of the exportation of the same, and also setting forth the
substance of the certificate of origin before mentioned; and if, on the arrrival in
the United Kingdom of the ship importing such sugar or coffee, the master of such
ship shall deliver to the collector or controller at the port of importation such
certificate from the officer of customs at the Cape of Good Hope, and shall make
a declaration before such collector or controller that such certificate was received
by him at the Cape of Good Hope, and that the sugar or coffee so imported is the
same as is mentioned therein ; then such sugar or coffee shall be admitted at such
port of importation in the United Kingdom at the same rate of duty as would be
payable if the same had been imported direct from the place of its production.
1 & 2 Vict., c. 113, § 18. [August 16, 1838.]
CERTIFICATES BY () FFICERS () F FOREIGN GOVERNMENTS.
By letters of the Board of Trade, dated July 1, 1844, it is stated for the in-
formation of the East India and China Association, that no certificate signed by
the officer of a foreign government will be receivable under the 5th clause of the
Sugar Duties Bill; at:d that Iler Majesty's Government will make arrangements
which will take effect immediately on the arrival of the letters despatched by the
July mail, for the appointment of persons duly authorised, to certify the origin of
sugar in the following ports of the island of Java, riz., Batavia, Samarang,
Sourabaya, and that a consul has been appointed for Manilla, and will repair to
his post by the same opportunity.
By C. O., July 12, 1839, on an application that a small quantity of unrefined sugar, for private
use, may be delivered on payment of the low duty, notwithstanding the sugar is not accompa-
nied by the requisite certificate of produce, it is directed that the sugar in question may be de-
livered on payment of the low duty, on a declaration being made by the applicant that the arti-
cle is the produce of a British possession within the limits of the East India Company’s Charter,
into which the importation of foreign sugar is by law prohibited, and on payment of a fine ac-
cording to the scale of the order of Nov. 3, 1829, and that the like rule be observed in future
similar cases.
GU’ EIRNSEY AN ID JERSEY.
. By C. O., June 10, 1841, the board are of opinion that the import duties attach to all articles
brought from Guernsey and Jersey, when partly made from foreign sugar, although refined
in this country.
z MAPLE SU GAR.
By C. O., February 8, 1833, the article termed “Extract of Maple,” or “Maple Sugar,” is
to be considered as falling under the denomination of sugar, and be charged with the rated
duty of £1.4s. per cwt. payable on Brown or Muscovado Sugar, if accompanied with a cer-
tificate of the same, being the produce of a British possession; but if not accompanied by
such certificate, with the duty of £33s. per cwt. -
By C. O., March 15, 1836, maple sugar, imported from Canada, to be admitted to entry as the
produce of a British plantation, provided it be certified by the proper officers of this revenue,
in the certificate of dº. that such sugar is the produce of Canada.
CLAYED AND WACU UM-PAN SUGAR.
By T. M., Aug. 27, 1833, it is stated, that, with respect to the Vacuum-Pam Sugar, my
Lords are given to understand that, by a simple process of stoving only, it can be brought
into such a state as to be entitled to receive the drawback on exportation as refined sugar ;


PART III.] UNITED KINGDOM.–Imports.--Tariff, &c. 173
CLASS XX. -
CoRN, SUGAR, AND MoLAssEs—continued.
SUGAR– continued.
that, where such is the case, it is clearly impossible that this sugar can be admitted at the
lower duty of 24s. : but that, in cases where the sugar in question could not be permitted to
receive the drawback on exportation without any process of refining, my Lords are of opi-
mion that the Vacuum-Pam Sugars may be justly admitted at the lower duty.
By T. O., October 22, 1840, with reference to certain sugars under stop, it is directed that the
sugars in question, and any future importations of a similar description may be admitted to
entry on payment of the duty of £33s. per cwt., together with five per cent. It is to be
distinctly understood, however, that sugars which have undergone the vacuum stove process
of preparation are not to be considered as coming within the class of clayed sugars, as to the
specified rate of duty.
TARE ON BRITISH POSSESSION SUGAR.
Under 8 cwt. - - . 14 per cent.
8 and under 12 , , - - . 1 cwt. each cask.
12 33 15 , , - , l l 12 Do.
15 33 17 , , - - - . 1 2 0 DO.
17 and upwards - I 3 0 Do.
By C. O., Sept. 1834, 12 lb, per cwt. allowed on Demerara sugar in casks of peculiar struc-
ture.
ALLOWAN CE.S.
The duties payable upon sugar when taken out of warehouse for home use, shall
be charged upon the quantities ascertained by the weight of the same actually
delivered ; except that, if the sugar shall not be in a warehouse of special security,
no greater abatement on account of deficiency of the quantity first ascertained as
aforesaid shall be made than shall be after the rate of three per centum of such
quantity for the first three months, and one per centum for every subsequent
month during which such sugar shall have been warehoused. 3 & 4 Will. 4,
c. 57, § 19.
By C. O., Dec. 7, 1838, after the expiration of the first three months no further allowance for
deficiency on sugar deposited in warehouses not of special security, is to be made until the
sugar shall have remained therein a full month from the expiration of such period, and so
for each succeeding month.
By C. O., 30th Oct., 1834, on an application for a per centage allowance for deficiencies in the
case of unrefined sugar entered from the warehouse for exportation as ships’ stores. and for
which no legal provision has been made, the Board state that it would be expedient to afford
the same relief in the case of sugar taken out of warehouses not being of special security for
exportation, or to be used as ships' stores as is given in respect of sugar taken out of such
warehouses for home use, the same is therefore granted accordingly until further orders.
PRESIDENCY OF FORT ST. GEORGE.
Ry O. C., 1841, the importation of sugar the growth of any part of the territories subject to
the Government of the Presidency of Fort St. George, is allowed at the lower rate of duty of
11.4s. the cwt.
CT: Y LON.
By O. C., May 8, 1841, there shall be paid upon sugar the produce of, and imported from the
Island of Ceylon, the same duties as may at the time be payable upon sugar the produce of
and imported from, the British possessions in India.
By C. O., Oct. 1832, so much of the Minute of July 10, 1830, and T. O., of Feb. 13, 1832, as
regards the re-weighing of sugar, removed coastwise, is rescinded.
RE-W EIGHING.
By T. L., Feb. 13, 1832, the re-weighing of sugar and molasses is dispensed with when taken
out of warehouse for removal from one warehousing port to another; provided the merchant,
upon his taking the goods out of warehouse for removal, shall, previous to such removal,
declare that the goods are taken out and removed for home use only, and give security to pay
the duty according to the weight ascertained at the time of removal.
SAMPLES.
By C. O., Oct. 14, 1825, sugar Foreign;–
2 oz. the bag,
4 , box not exceeding 5 cwt,
8 , , box or chest exceeding 5 cwt. may be taken as warehouse samples.
By C. O., Oct. 14, 1843, sugar British plantation :-
13 lb. the hogshead,
1} , tierce,
0} , chest,
12 oz. barrel,
# Ib. molasses per hogshead or cask, may be taken as warehouse sample.
JBy C. O., Aug. 31, 1832, samples of sugar are not to be deemed deficiencies, but to be charge-


174 UNITED KINGDOM.–IMpoRTs.—Tariff, &c. [1845.
("LASS XX.
Colt N, St G.AR, AND Moi. Assis—conti, sued.
SUGAR–continued.
able with duty at the time of the delivery of the packages from which such samples may
have been taken, as the samples of all other goods are spirits excepted,.
By C. ()., January 10, the practice observed at º of deducting from the deficien-
cies at the time of delivery it of sugar drawn as º from any given number of
º be adopted gene and in cases where the number of casks entered to be de-
ivered, from which 13 lb. ight of the sample shall have it ºn taken is not even, the
fractional half-pound is to be given in favour of the merchants : and that in those instances
where an entry may be passed for a single hºg-head, the fractional half-pound is to be also
allowed to the merchant.
By C. M., Aug. 1, 1811, samples of sugar may be admitted duty free, provided they are im-
ported only as samples.
SW’ EI. PIN i ; S.
By C. O., Sept. 7, 1832, the sweeping of the stºrar wirel:ouses may be charged with the
molasses duty... subject to such allowance fºr dirt, &c., mixed therewith, as the proper officers
shall consider the sweet ings entitle to.
ASCERTAIN IN (; AV ER.A(; E lºiti ('ES.
The prices or Muscovado sugar, the produce of the British possessions% in
America, shall from time to time be ascertained and taken in manner hereinafter
mentioned; (that is to say), every importer of such sugar within the city of Lon-
don or the bills of mortality, who shall, after Aug. 5, 1828, by himself or his
sworn broker or any other agent acting in his behalf, buy or sell any such
brown or \luscovado sugar, is her by required, by himself or his sworn broker or
any other agent acting in his behalf, to deliver in, upon oath before the Lord
Mayor or any of the Alderſºn of the said city of London (which oath the said
Lord Mayor or Aldermen are hereby respectively authorised to administer), to
the clerk of the Grocers' Company now and for the time being, on or before
Tuesday in every week, a true account of the quantities of such brown or Mus-
covado sugar bought or sºld by hiº, or his sworn broker or any other agent acting
in his behalf, in the preceding week, specifying the name of the ship in which such
sugar was imported, and the name of the master of such ship, and also the marks
and packages, and the sum total of the net landing weights of such sugar, as far as
the same can be made out, and the price paid for each quantity respectively,
exclusive of the duty of customs; and the said clork of the Grocers' Company
shall and he is hereby required to compute and make up in every week, from the
accounts so delivered to him of the said quantities and prices of such sugar bought
or sold by the said importer or his sworn broker or any other agent acting in his
behalf, in the week immediately preceding, the average price of such sugar, and
shall cause such average price to be published every Friday in the London Gazette;
and such average price shall be deemed to be the price of brown or Muscovado
sugar for the purposes of this Act. 9 Geo. 4, c. 93, § 2. [July 28, 1828].
Register Book.-A register or book shall be kept by the said clerk of the
Grocers’ Company, containing all the accounts so received by him from time to
time from the importer or sworn broker, or any other agent acting in his behalf,
and of the average prices by him computed and made up from the same; which
register or book shall at convenient times be inspected by any person or persons
whatever, upon paying the fee of one shilling and no more for the same. § 3.
Clerk neglecting his Duty.—If the said clerk of the Grocers' Company shall
neglect to do what he is required by this Act to do, he shall forfeit and pay for
every such neglect 50l., to be recovered by action of debt, bill, plaint, or informa-
tion in any of His Majesty's Courts of Record at Westminster, wherein no essoign,
protection, wager of law, or any more than one imparlance, shall be granted or
allowed. § 4.
Importer or Broker neglecting to make Return.-If any importer or any sworn
broker or agent acting in his behalf, shall refuse or neglect to deliver in upon
oath a true account of the quantities of brown and Muscovado sugar by him
bought or sold, specifying the name of the ship in which such sugar was imported,
and the name of the master of such ship, and also the marks and packages, and
*As to East Indies, see next page,


PART III.] UNITED KINGDOM.—IMPoRTs.—Tariff, &c. 175
CLASS XX.
CoRN, SUGAR, AND MoLAsses—continued.
SUGAR–continued.
the sum total of the net landing weights of such sugar, as far as the same can
be made out, and the price paid for each quantity, as hereinbefore required, he,
being the actual buyer or seller of such sugar, shall forfeit and pay for every cask
of sugar for which he shall so refuse or neglect to deliver in an account, 5t. to any
one who will prosecute and sue for the same, to be recovered before the Lord
Mayor or any Aldermen of the said city, on the oath of any one or more credible
witnesses. § 5.
East Indies.—The aforegoing Act, so far as here given, shall be held to extend
and apply to brown or Muscovado sugar the produce of the several British Pos-
sessions within the limits of the East India Company’s Charter, and the average
price of sugar to be thenceforth published under the said Act, shall be the average
price of brown or Muscovado sugar the produce not only of the British Posses-
sions in America, but also of the British Possessions within the limits of the East
India Company's charter; and the several penalties of 50l. and of 5l., imposed
by the said Act for the offences therein mentioned in respect of sugar the produce
of the British Possessions in America, shall extend and be applicable to the like
offences in respect of sugar the produce of the British Possessions within the
limits of the East India Company's Charter. 5 & 6 Wict., c. 47, § 61. [July
9, 1842].
HOUSE OF COMMONS-MoRDAY, JUNE 3, 1844.
The CHANCELLOR of the ExcIIEQUER said, that although he was addressing
the House in a Committee of Ways and Means, the object of which was to provide
the means for raising the supply which the house had voted to Her Majesty for
carrying on the government and the administration of the affairs of the country,
there was not a member who heard him who was not prepared to admit that the
resolutions which he should move involved considerations far more important than
mere questions of revenue. Previously to the emancipation of the negroes the
produce of our West India colonies was more than sufficient for the consumption
of these countries, leaving for the purpose of exportation an amount equal to
about one-third of the whole. At that period the public had not only the advan-
tage of an ample supply being secured, but also that of having the price kept down
to a level with that which the large export of our surplus threw upon the other
markets of Europe. But when the emancipation of the negroes in our colonies
took place, there was a probability of a supply diminished by a considerable
amount. To meet that probable diminution, Parliament determined on bringing
the duties on East and West India sugars to a nearer level, and by this means to
bring into the market a considerable supply of free-grown sugar from a part of
our own dominions in the east, having a soil of unbounded richness and fertility,
cultivated by free and cheap labour, and besides, having great facilities of transit
to this country. He did not apprehend that the immediate consequence of ad-
hering to our present system of supply would be to create any great scarcity of
sugar or be productive of any material inconvenience with respect to the supply of
that article at a moderate price. Dwelling on these considerations alone, he should
feel disposed to let things remain as they were. But when he also took into con-
sideration the improved condition of the people within the last year, the increase
of employment and improvement of wages, and the increased demand which must
thus be created for what might be termed an article of necessary consumption, he
felt it his duty to submit a measure which would have the effect, not only of sup-


176 UNITED KINGDOM.–IMPorts.-Tariff, &c. [1845.
CLASS XX.
CoRN, SUGAR, AND MoLAsses—continned.
SUGAR–continued.
plying the wants of the country with respect to this article, at moderate prices,
but also of creating a considerable surplus, on which to speculate in exportation.
When the house considered our altered relations with China, and the facilities
which existed for getting a supply from that country, it would admit that in order
to extend our trade in that quarter, a freer admission should be given for the
import of other articles from that country than those which we had heretofore
taken from them. Under these circumstances he had felt it his duty to submit the
propositions of which he had given notice, for the admission of free labour sugar upon
the terms stated in his resolutions. The proposal of admitting to this country, or of
giving preference to the admission to this country, of sugar the produce of free
labour, was one which was not for the first time submitted to the consideration of
the house; and when he looked back to the occasions on which this measure had
been under consideration, he could not find that there had been, on the part of
any gentleman in that house, any disposition to offer any objection to the principle
of such an arrangement. In regulating the mode in which the free labour sugar
of the world is to be introduced into the English market, it is essentially necessary
that two points should be borne in view. First, we must effectually guard against
the invasion of the principle of the measure, by protecting us against the intro-
duction of free labour sugar being made the means for introducing slave-grown
sugar. It was also necessary that the admission of this article should be such as
was suited to the probable exigencies of the country, and therefore that it should
be admitted at a rate which would secure a sufficient competition in the supply.
With respect to the first point, the mode in which protection was to be taken
against the introduction of other sugar than that of free labour, he conceived that
little difficulty could arise. It had been essential to the commercial interests of
this country that a distinction should be drawn as to the produce of different
countries subject to different treaties; and in those countries government had
found certificates of origin, the certificate of the shipper, coupled as he intended it
should be in this case, with the certificate of the authority in the port whence the
commodity was shipped, efficient in preventing the invasion of the principle of pro-
tection. It was unnecessary for him on the present occasion to refer to instances,
though he might refer to them, and particularly to the arrangement under which
coffee was subjected to very different rates of duty, coupled with a prohibition against
coffee of one part being introduced as coffee from another, and therefore being liable
to a less duty, which arrangement was found to be effective. With respect to the
facilities for the introduction of sugar, he did not believe that any gentleman would
think that a protective duty of 10s. per cwt. was more than a necessary amount of
protection for the colonists. In the proof of absence of slave trade and slave labour,
the principle of the measure might be extended to meet any exigency that might
prevail. We knew that Java alone furnished a large surplus quantity of sugar
beyond that which its own inhabitants could consume, and we knew that the
quantity produced in that country was capable of very considerable extension. So,
with respect to Manilla; the sugar produced there was raised in great abundance,
and was equally capable of considerable extension. With respect to China, no
definite account could be given at present of the amount which could be raised there,


PART III.] UNITED KINGDOM.–Ixiports-Tariff, &c. 177
CLASS XX.
coRN, SUGAR, AND MoLAsses—continued.
SUGAR.—continued.
because we were not yet in possession of sufficient information; but we knew that
China did export a considerable quantity of sugar to different parts of the world
in its immediate vicinity. He found that the measure he was about to submit to
the house was likely to meet with opposition from various and different quarters.
He would refer to the proposition of the hon. member for Bristol. He could not
but assure that hon. member and those who were interested like him in West Indian
possessions, that for bringing forward this measure on the present occasion they
must not attribute any want of sympathy with their interests—nay, with their
feelings, in which, as much as any man among them, he himself was deeply inter-
ested. He knew the difficulties under which that body had laboured, and still were
labouring; he could make great allowances for their alarm at any change of duty
which might arise lest it should ultimately operate to their disadvantage and injury.
But he could not persuade himself that there was that ground for apprehension
with which they seemed to be possessed. He believed that the measure he was
about to propose would be found one which, though it might not mect their
present and immediate approbation, would ultimately prove to be one best calcu-
lated for insuring their permancnt prosperity. He did not deny that the effect of
the measure would be to produce a certain reduction in the price of sugar, or at
least to prevent an augmentation of price; but, if that were the case, of this he
was quite confident, that of all the dangers which would affect those interested in
West India produce, there were none which ought to be more dreaded, or which
they ought more anxiously to avoid, than any sudden or continued increase of
the price of their staple commodity, because that would inflict a serious injury
upon the population of this country, and create, with regard to their interest,
that general feeling which he believed would be most hostile to their permanent
interests. He thought also, as to the effect of the change as respected the
amount of duty on Brazil sugar and other sugar not the produce of slave labour,
it was essentially necessary at the earliest possible moment to intimate to them
what was the amount of that protection which upon a review of the circumstances
of the case they were entitled to receive against sugar the produce of free labour.
Those colonies were standing at the present moment in this peculiar position :-
they were likely to have, at an early period, great additional facilities for employing
within them additional labour, derived from other countries, and, in order to attain
this advantage, they would probably be called upon for an investment of capital
which was necessary for the transport to those colonies of the emigrants who were
prepared to labour there. He thought, therefore, that before the colonists were
called upon to embark in that enterprise, or to undertake that transaction, it was
right that they should be distinctly informed what protection they would have
against the sugar of other countries which, like themselves, used free labour only.
The protection now afforded was that which appeared just and fitting for the case.
He would now advert to another part of this question referred to in the second
resolution he was about to move, as to the necessity of granting to those nations
which have commercial treaties with us on the principle of their produce being
admitted on the footing of the most favoured nation, advantages the same as those
we shall give to sugar the produce of free labour in other countries. Brazil, as he
N


178 UNITED KINGDOM.–IMports.—Tariff, &c. [1845.
CLASS XX.
Corts, St. GAR, AND MoLAsses—continued.
SUGAR– continued.
said before, was the country which had this particular facility, and which was in a
situation to use it with effect against any arrangement which might be made
similar to what he now prºpºsed. The other countries which had such treaties
with us were the United States, Sweden, Mexico, Buenos Ayres, Colombia,
Bolivia, and Peru. With respect to these countries there was not one of them
which, however they might carry on slavery, had not abjured and declared by
legislative enactment against the continuance of the slave trade; and, with respect
to slavery, the greater number of those states, namely, the republics in South
America, with which we had lately made treaties of reciprocal advantage, they,
from their very foundation, took measures for suppressing slavery within the ter-
ritories on which those republics were established. In some undoubtedly there
was a very limited portion of slaves, the remnant of former institutions; but either
there was no sugar the produce of slaves to be exported, or the slavery was so
near the period of its extinction, that the state might be said to be in the category
of those which had abolished it. In others there was no pretence to say that
slave labour existed. Mexico, Colombia, and others had, by legislative enactment
put an end to it, and even declared that the slave trade should be considered by
them as piracy. Therefore, with respect to those states, no apprehension could
be chtertained, either as to the amount of sugar they could furnish to the markets
of this country, or as to any encouragement their increased produce would give to
slavery or the slave trade. There were two remaining countries in which slavery
did exist—St. Bartholomew, a Swedish possession, and the United States; but,
with respect to the first, the produce was very small, and it was taken directly to
Sweden. The produce of the United States, however, he must admit, was very
considerable, varying in different years owing to the liability of the sugar grounds
to drought, the extent of crop might be estimated at 50,000 tons per annum; but
the United States imported the far larger amount of their sugar from other sugar-
growing countries, and therefore he thought it was capable of distinct proof that
it could not be for the interest of the United States, and that was the point to
which they must look on a question of this kind,-it could not be the interest of
the United States that their sugar should be brought to this country. Under all
these circumstances, therefore, he could have no hesitation in recommending to the
house the resolutions he should put into the chairman's hand. He believed they
would be found, when carried into execution, to reconcile those great objects he
stated at the outset, namely, the maintenance for the people of this country of a
supply of sugar adequate, not merely to their existing wants, but to that extended
consumption which he held essential to their comfort and enjoyment. He believed,
further, the measure would prove to the world that we had not forgotten the prin-
ciples on which Great Britain had all along acted—that they were sincerely desirous
to uphold those declarations they had from time to time made with respect to the
slave trade—that they would discourage those countries where slavery in its worst
forms was persevered in, and that they were not prepared to abandon that uniform
course of diplomatic negotiation and Parliamentary declaration which for years
past they had adopted against the continuance of the slave trade and for the dimi-
nution of negro slavery; and lastly, he trusted that the measure he proposed


PART III.] UNITED KINGDOM.–Imports.—Tariff, &c. 179
CLASS XX.
CoRN, SUGAR, AND MoLAssEs—continued.
SUGAR–continued.
would be found to have consulted the real interests of those who, having embarked
their property in the colonial possessions of this country, and having been, in con-
formity with principles, the justice and propriety of which no one could doubt,
subjected to considerable inconvenience, and liable, as they were, no doubt, to the
continuance for some time longer of the difficulty under which they laboured,
would nevertheless find that that measure would be most conducive to their
interests, which gave them a permanent security for the limited protection it was
proposed to give them, and which, by preventing an inordinate price of sugar in
the markets of this country, did not arm against them the feelings, the prejudices,
he might almost say, the comforts and happiness of the people of Great Britain.
The right hon. gentleman concluded by moving certain resolutions. These re-
solutions were eventually embodied in the Act for granting the sugar duties, as
stated p. 167.
CHEMICAL HISTORY OF SU GAR.
Roy A1. INSTITUTION.—MARCII 1, 1811.
Mr. Fownes “On the chemical history of sugar.” Under the general term “sugars” a
number of sweet vegetable principles are included, more or less definite in their nature, and
easily distinguished by their physical and chemical characters. The chief of these are the fol:
lowing : cane-sugar, the ordinary sugar of commerce; grape-sugar, the sweet principle of
fruits; crystallisable sugar, from; ergot of rye; mannite, or manna sugar; glycerrhizin the
sweet principle of liquorice-root, &c. The chemical composition of mannite differs from that of
the sugars proper, inasmuch as it does not contain oxygen and hydrogen in the proportions to
form water. It is generally º that the sugar-came was originally an inhabitant of the
tropical East: it was cultivated in Sicily before the time of the Crusades. About 1120 it was
carried by the Portuguese to Madeira. Its introduction to the West Indies and the Brazils took
place subsequently; and its cultivation has spread over nearly the whole of the region of the
tropics where the soil and climate are at all suitable. In the islands of the British West Indies
the ripe canes are crushed by powerful machinery, consisting of a set of three rollers connected
by cog-wheels; the juice is received into a large pan, mixed with a little “temper,” usually
hydrate of lime, and rapidly heated to near the boiling point. The liquor is thus clarified, and
the albumen always present separated in an insoluble form. It is then rapidly boiled down to
the crystallising consistence in a series of open pans, heated by naked fires, and afterwards trans-
ferred to coolers to solidify. It is lastly drained from the uncrystallisable portion, or molasses,
and exported.
In this process a very serious evil exists in the destruction of a large quantity of crystallisable
sugar by the high temperature of the open pan (230°-250 F.), The whole product is much dark-
ened in colour, and grape-sugar is generated at the expense of the cane-siggar. In the East
Indies the process is even much more defective; it is stated that much of the sugar here pro-
duced is made from palm-juice. The wilful adulteration of raw sugar by pale-coloured, but
comparatively worthless, grape-sugar, made for the purpose on a large scale from potato-starch,
was lastly mentioned, and condemned as a cruel fraud, pressing heavily upon the poor.
NEW SORT OF SUGAR.
An announcement has been made of the appearance in the markets of the world of a new de-
scription of sugar, infinitely superior, as well from its richness as the reasonableness of its price,
to any sugar known. This commodity, our Belgian contemporary proceeds to observe, “is sim.
ply that which has been in use in India from time immemorial, but prepared and treated under
the modern system of scientific improvement. The saccharine property is extracted by incision
of the trunks of palm-trees, sagó, and cocoa-nut trees, sometimes by an operation upon the
blossoms, at others by a cut in the tree near the part whence the foliage issues. A palm-tree
thus dealt with yields, it seems, for the space of more than three months, about two “ litres” a
day. The liquid thickened bears the name of “jagre,” and resembles raw wax, as well in point
of colour as in consistency and smell.—Journal du Commerce d’Anvers.
HAVANNAH SUGAR.
ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.—PARIs, MARch 4, 1844.
The report of MM. Pelouze and Boussingault on a memoir of M. Casaseca's researches on the
i. of the sugar-cane, cultivated in the Havannah, was read. The analyses were made
by the author at the place of growth, and, contrasted with those of M. Peligot, exhibit a much
N 2


180 UNITED KINGDOM.–Imports-Tariff, &c. [1845.
CLASS XX.
Cory, SUGAR, AND MoLAssEs—continued.
SUGAR–continued.
higher per centage of woody matter. Whilst those of the latter give about ten per cent. for the
came of Taiti, the results of M. Casaseca shew sixteen and a half per cent. for the came de la
tierra; and by some analyses twenty-five to thirty per cent. is rendered probable.
CONVERSION OF SUGAR INTO ACETIC ACII).
M. Blondeau de Carolles announces an experiment which has proved to him that cane-sugar
may be directly transformed into acetic acid under the influence of caseum, without losing or
gaining any thing, solely by a new molecular arrangement. This conversion of sugar into acetic
acid, is so easy that possibly the process may be adopted in the arts, and especially as acetic acid
may be thus produced at a much cheaper rate than wine-vinegar, Lit. Gaz. April 27, 1844.


PART THE FOURTH.
UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN
AND IRELAND.
EXPORTS.
Passengers Baggage. Ships with Baggage only deemed in Ballast.—If
any passengers are to depart in any ship from the United Kingdom, or from
the Isle of Man, for parts beyond the seas, it shall be lawful for the master
of such ship to pass an entry, and to receive a cocket in his name for the
necessary personal baggage of all such passengers, and duly to clear such
baggage for shipment in their behalf, stating in such clearances the par-
ticulars of the packages, and the names of the respective passengers; and if
such ship is to take no other goods than the necessary personal baggage of
passengers actually going the voyage, it shall be lawful for such master to
enter such ship outwards in ballast for passengers only; and if no other
goods than such baggage duly entered and cleared be taken on board such
ship, the same shall be deemed to be a ship in ballast, notwithstanding such
baggage, and shall be described in the clearance, on the content and on
the tabel to the cocket or cockets, and on the victualling bill and in the
book of ships' entries, as a ship cleared in ballast, except as to the
necessary personal baggage of passengers going the voyage. 3 & 4 Will. 4,
c. 52, § 82.
Chalk Rubbish, and Goods for private use. Master to clear goods. Ship
deemed in Ballast.—If the master and crew of any foreign ship which is to
depart in ballast from the United Kingnom for parts beyond the seas, shall
be desirous to take on board chalk rubbish by way of ballast, or to take with
them for their private use any small quantity of goods of British manufacture,
it shall be lawful for such master, without entering such ship outwards, to
pass an entry in his name, and receive a cocket free of any export duty for
all such goods, under the general denomination of “British Manufactures
not prohibited to be exported,” being for the use and privilege of the master
and crew, and not being of greater value than in the proportion of 20l. for
the master, and 10l. for the mate, and 51. for each of the crew, and stating
that the ship is in ballast; and the master shall duly clear such goods, for
shipment in behalf of himself and crew, stating in such clearances the parti-
culars of the goods and packages, and the names of the crew who shall jointly
or severally take any of such goods under this privilege; and such ship shall
be deemed to be a ship in ballast, and be cleared as such, and without a con-
tent, notwithstanding such goods or such cocket or cockets; and such clear-
ance shall be notified by the collector or controller on the label to the cocket
or cockets, and on the victualling bill, and in the book of ships' entries, as a
clearance in ballast, except as to the privilege of the master and crew. § 83.


182 UNITED KINGDOM.–ExpoRTs.—Tariff, &c. [1845.
Wessels with Slate and Chalk.-Slate, and slates and chalk, laden on board
any ship bound to foreign parts, shall be deemed to be ballast, and every such
ship having on board slate, and slates and chalk only, or either of them, shall
be deemed to be a ship departing in ballast; and iſ on the return of any such
ship, any slate, or slates or chalk, be remaining on board, the same shall be
deemed to be the ballast of such ship. 4 & 5 Will. 1, c. 89, § 3.
Ships to bring to at Stations.—Every ship departing from any port in the
United Kingdom or in the Isle of Man, shall bring to at such stations within
the port as shall be appointed by the commissioners of customs for the
landing of officers from such ships, or for further examinations previous to
such departure. § 85.
Entry of Debenture Goods.-No drawback or bounty shall be allowed
upon the exportation from the United Kingdom of any goods, unless such
goods shall have been entered in the name of the person who was the real
owner thereof at the time of entry and shipping, or of the person who had
actually purchased and shipped the same, in his own name and at his own
liability and risk, on commission, according to the practice of merchants,
and who was and shall have continued to be entitled in his own right to
such drawback or bounty, except in cases hereinafter provided for.” $ 86.
Declaration as to Property and right of Drawback.-Such owner or
commission-merchant shall make and subscribe a declaration upon the
debenture, that the goods mentioned therein have been actually exported,
and have not been re-landed, and are not intended to be re-landed in any
part of the United Kingdom, nor in the Isle of Man (unless entered for the
Isle of Man), nor in the Islands of Faro or Ferro, and that he was the
real owner thereof at the time of entry and shipping, or that he had pur-
chased and shipped the said goods in his own name, and at his own liability
and risk, on commission, as the case may be, and that he was and continued
to be entitled to the drawback or bounty thereon in his own right: Pro-
vided always, that if such owner or merchant shall not have purchased the
right to such drawback or bounty, he shall declare under his hand upon the
entry and upon the debenture the person who is entitled thereto, and the
name of such person shall be stated in the cocket and in the debenture, and
the receipt of such person on the debenture shall be the discharge for such
drawback or bounty. § 87.
* Goods of LEss VALUE THAN DRAwBACK.
No drawback shall be allowed upon the exportation of any goods entered for drawback, or as
stores, which shall be of less value than the amount of the drawback claimed, and all such goods
so entered shall be forfeited, and the person who caused such goods to be entered shall forfeit
200l., or treble the amount of the drawback claimed in such case, at the election of the Commis-
sioners of Her Majesty's Customs, 5 & 6 Vict., c. 47, § 18. [July 9, 1842.]
BOND FOR DULY LANDING I) RAw BACK GooDs.
Upon the entry outwards of any goods, from the United Kingdom to parts beyond the seas
upon which a drawback of the duties paid upon the importation thereof is allowed, and before
cocket be granted, the person in whose name the same are entered shall give security by bond in
double the value of such goods, with one sufficient surety, that such goods shall be duly shipped
and exported, and shall be landed at the place for which they shall be entered outwards, or other-
wise accounted for to the satisfaction of the commissioners of customs, within a reasonable time,
to be fixed by the commissioners, with reference to the place of exportation. § 19.
No bond shall be required for any wine entered outwards, for the purpose of obtaining a draw-
back, 6 & 7 Vict. c. 84, § 9. [August 22, 1843.]
By C. Q., July 11, 1842, it is stated, that the Board, having had under consideration a report
referring to the Act 5 & 6 Vict., c. 47, which enacts that the Board shall fix a reasonable time
for the due landing of goods shipped for the drawback under bond; and the officers having pro-
posed that the allowance of the following periods of time with reference to the place of exporta-
tion, are to be adopted, viz.:-
For Europe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * * * * * * * * * Three Months.
For America and Africa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Six Months.
For all places within the limits of the East India Company's
Charter. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Twelve months.
For Australia and its dependencies, New Zealand, &c. . . . . . . . . Eighteen months.
By G. O., Oct. 7, 1842, it is directed, in order to facilitate business, that on the exportation of
goods from Great Britain to Ireland for excise drawback, the names of the consignees should be
inserted in the special sufferances.


PART IV.] UNITED KINGDOM.–Exports-Tariff, &c. 183
Bond—In no case shall the security by bond for the due exportation of
any goods exceed double the amount of the duty, drawback or bounty pay-
able on such goods, 6 & 7 Vict, c. 84, § 8. [Aug. 22, 1843.]
COCKETS.
British Possessions in America or Mauritius.-By C. O., July 4, 1843, a distinction is to be
made in the cockets, for all goods the produce of the British possessions, within the limits of the
East India Company’s charter, exported from the United Ktngdom or from the British posses-
sions, specifying whether such goods are the produce of a British possession or otherwise, in order
that they may obtain any advantage attaching to such distinction.
VICTUALI,ING BILL.
By C. O., Dec. 10, 1842, the board having had under consideration, that part of their general
minute of the 23rd November, 1832, on the subject of victualling bills, &c., which directs
that “in the event of a vessel returning to any port in the United Kingdom, the victualling
bill received by the master on his departure, shall be delivered to the collector and comptroller
of the customs at such port, at the time of reporting his vessel, or be satisfactorily accounted
for.”
Resolved,—That so much of the said minute, as is above quoted, be rescinded.
By C. O., March 29, 1843, it having been represented to the board, that instances frequently
occur in which goods, shipped as merchandise, are used as stores or otherwise disposed of, con-
trary to the conditions of the export bond; the Board deem it expedient to direct that public
notice be given that, in the event of any repetition of such irregularities, the bond will be put in
suit. The Board have approved of the following form of notice to that effect:—
Custom-House,
NOTICE. London, April 12, 1843.
Whereas by the 42nd section of the Act of the 3 & 4 Will. 4, c. 57, it is enacted, “that upon the
entry outwards of any goods to be exported from the warehouse, to parts beyond the seas, and
before cocket be granted, the person in whose name the same be entered shall give security by
bond, with one sufficient surety, that such goods shall be duly shipped and exported, and shall
be landed at the place for which they be entered outwards, or otherwise accounted for to the
tisfaction of the commissi of cus
And whereas it has been represented to the said Commissioners of Her Majesty's Customs, that
instances frequently occur in which goods so shipped are used as stores, or otherwise disposed of
contrary to the conditions of the said bond.
The said commissioners, with a view to prevent similar irregularities,
I)o HEREBY Givh, NoTICE,
that should it at any time hereafter be discovered that any goods which have been shipped from
the warehouse by cocket as cargo, have been used as stores, or otherwise disposed of during the
voyage, and not accounted for to their satisfaction, the bond entered into will be put in suit, and
the full penalty enforced. - -
By order of the Commissioners,
C. A. Scovell, Secretary.
Owner not resident. Joint Stock Company.—If such owner or merchant
shall be resident in some part of the United Kingdom being more than
twenty miles from the Custom-house of the port of shipment, he may
appoint any person to be his agent to make and pass his entry. and to clear
and ship his goods, and to receive for him the drawback or bounty payable
on his debenture, if payable to him, provided the name of such agent and
the residence of such owner or merchant be subjoined to the name of such
owner or merchant in the entry and in the cocket for such goods; and such
agent, being duly informed, shall make declaration upon the entry, if any
be necessary, and also upon the debenture, in behalf of such owner or
merchant, to the effect before required of such owner or merchant, and shall
answer such questions touching his knowledge of the exportation of such
goods and the property therein, and of the right to the drawback or bounty,
as shall be demanded of him by the collector or controller; and if any
such goods be exported by any corporation or company trading by a joint
stock, it shall be lawful for them to appoint any person to be their agent
for the like purposes and with the like powers to act in their behalf. § 88.
Property of Persons Abroad.—If any goods which are to be exported
for drawback be the property of any person residing abroad, having been
consigned by the owner thereof to some person as his agent residing in
the United Kingdom, to be exported through the same to parts beyond the
seas, by such agent, upon account of such owner, it shall be lawful for such
person (being the consignee by whom and in whose name the duties inwards
on such goods had been paid, or his legal representative) in like manner, as
agent for such owner, to enter, clear, and ship such goods for him, and upon
like conditions to receive for him the drawback payable thereon. $89


184 UNITED KINGDOM.–ExpoRTs.—Tariff, &c. [1845.
Time of Shipment and payment of Drawback. Goods of less Value than
the Drawback.-No drawback shall be allowed upon the exportation of any
goods unless such goods be shipped within three years after the payment of
the duties inwards thereon, and no debenture for any drawback or bounty
allowed upon the exportation of any goods shall be paid after the expiration
of two years from the date of the shipment of such goods, and no drawback
shall be allowed upon any goods which by reason of damage or decay shall
have become of less value for home use than the amount of such drawback ;
and all goods so damaged which shall be cleared for any drawback shall be
forfeited and the person who caused such goods to be so cleared shall forfeit
200l., or treble the amount of the drawback in such case, at the election of
the commissioners of customs. § 90.
Prohibited Goods and all Goods packed therewith.-If any goods which
are prohibited to be exported shall be put on board any vessel or boat with
intent to be laden or shipped for exportation, or shall be brought to the
quay, wharf, or other place in the United Kingdom in order to be put on
board any vessel or boat for the purpose of being exported, or if any goods
which are prohibited to be exported be found in any package produced to
the officers of customs as containing goods not so prohibited, then not only
all such prohibited goods, but also all other goods packed therewith, shall be
forfeited. 3 & 4 Will. 4, c. 53, § 31.
STORES.
By C. O., Sept. 17, 1834, several instances having occurred where transports and other vessels
engaged for the conveyance of troops, convicts, &c., and having stores on board from the
bonded warehouses, have left the port of London without being duly cleared outwards as
required by the Act 3 & 4 Will.4, c. 52, § 82, it is ordered that the following regulations be
in future adopted, riz.:-That in the case of ships hired by Government for the voyage only,
to take out convicts or government stores, the master do, on clearing, declare that he is
bound to —, with convicts or government stores (as the case may be, having no other
goods or merchandise whatever on board; and with regard to transports, that, in lieu of any
clearance, there shall be with the requisition, in virtue of which the store bond is made out,
delivered to the clerk of the bonds a paper on which it shall be certified by the searchers that
the ship has been taken up as a regular transport by Government, as appears by letter of the
Admiralty dated -
Erporting Prohibited Goods.-If any goods liable to forfeiture for being
shipped for exportation be shipped and exported without discovery by the
officers of customs, the persons who shall have caused such goods to be ex-
ported shall forfeit double the value of such goods. § 103.
Prohibited Goods.-The several sorts of goods enumerated or described
hereafter shall be either absolutely prohibited to be exported from the
United Kingdom, or shall be exported only under restrictions, according as
the several sorts of such goods are respectively set forth. § 104.
[Here follou's in the Act a List of Articles; but as those articles are all emu-
merated under their respectire names in this Part, and as all regulations
affecting them are given under such names, it is considered unnecessary to
insert the List here].
EMIGRANT SHIPS,
By C. O., Nov. 9, 1840, with reference to the hardship of requiring emigrant ships fitted out at
places where there is no customs officer to Pº. to a port for clearance where there is such
a functionary, the Lords Commissioners of the Treasury authorise the proper officers, upon
timely application being made, to despatch an officer to the vessel applying for one, in
order to the fulfilment of the requisites of the law, the crown being put to no expense in the
transaction.


PART IV.] UNITED KINGDOM.—ExpoRTs.—Tariff, &c. 185
RECIPROCITY SYSTEM.
See p. 39.
DUTIES, &c.
GENERAL REMARKs.
The Duties of Customs in this Part are all charged by 5 & 6 Vict., c. 47, eveept
otherwise mentioned.
The Goods in this Part all to be deemed British or Irish, unless otherwise parti-
cularly described.
RATE OF DUTY.
The Sums stated in figures are Rates of Customs Duty, unless particularly men-
tioned otherwise.
CoMMENCEMENT of Bounty of 5 PER CENT.
By C. O., March 24, 1841, the additional Bounty of 5 per cent., under Act of
3 Vict., c. 17 [now 5 & 6 Vict., c. 47, p. 47], is to be allowed only in cases
in which proof is made that the additional duty of 5 per cent. has heen paid,
on the importation of the raw material from which the article claiming Bounty
was made.
PACKAGES.
By C, O., June 9, 1826, June 12, 1833, and April 9, 1832, Packages of British
manufacture, whether new or otherwise, in which British goods are eayorted,
provided the same are fit and necessary for the security of the goods ; and all
Bags made of British linen, whether such Bags be eaſported as for goods, or
separately as merchandise, may be passed free of duty.
RETURNED Goods.
By C. O., Dec. 3, 1825, no British goods returned, for which a Bill of Store
may have been issued, and upon which Eacise drawback had been received on
export, are to be delivered, until a certificate be produced from the proper
officers of Ercise, that the drawback allowed on the goods when ea ported, has
been repaid to that department.
ALE for Ships' stores. See BEER ; see also PART VIII.
AMMUNITIon and ARM’s may, by proclamation or order in council, be pro-
hibited to be exported, or water-borne to be exported, on pain of forfeiture.
3 & 4 Will. 4, c. 52, § 104.
ARMs. See AMMUNITION above.
AsHES, PEARL, and Pot, may, by proclamation or order in council, be pro-
hibited to be exported, or water-borne to be exported, on pain of forfeiture.
3 & 4 Will. 4, c. 52, § 104.
BAGGAGE. See p. 127.
BAGs of LIN EN. See preceding page.
BEDs. See Wool.
BeEF and Pork.
Upon the exportation of beef or pork from the warehouse, the person
entering the same is required to give bond, conditioned, among other things,
that no part of such beef or pork shall be consumed as stores on board such
vessel, and that the same shall be landed at the place for which it has been
entered, and that a certificate of such landing shall be produced to the com-
missioners of customs within a reasonable time; it is enacted, that the con-
ditions hereinbefore recited, shall no longer be required to be inserted in such
bond, and that the declaration required in respect of such beef and pork,
from the master of the vessel in which the same is about to be exported,


186 UNITED KINGDOM.–Exports.--Tariff,” &c. [1845.
BEEF and Pork—continued.
shall no longer be required, nor shall such master be liable to any penalty, if
such ship shall not have on board, at the time of clearance, a reasonable
stock of beef or pork, according to the intended voyage, borne on the Vic-
tualling Bill. 5 & 6 Vict, c. 47, § 49. [July 9, 1812.]
Pacise drawback.
Bri:R, brewed or made by an entered brewer of beer for sale in C s. d.
the United Kingdom, and which shall be duly exported from
any part of the United Kingdom to foreign parts as mer-
chandise, the barrel of 36 gals. - - . 0 5 0
[1 Will. 1, c. 54,]
By C. Q. July 20, 1827, bond is to be required within the following periods, for production of
certificates.--
To any part of Europe, not within the Straits of Gibraltar
'To Gibraltar a places within the Straits ... . . . . . . .
To any part of Africa, not within the Straits and thi
of Goºd Hºpe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ., 18 lionths
To any part of Am , , , 18 months
To St. Helena, or #1 'ape of Gºod Hope ... . . . .. 30 months
By T. L., Sept. 23, 1s 12, their lordships authorise the exportation on drawback of bottled
strong beer, packed in cases, provided the same he properly secured, and the quantity of
beer exported at any one time be not less than 36 gallons.
An Account of the quantity of beer exported, from the 5th day of January,
1843, to the 5th day of January, 1811.
Number of barrels of beer on which drawback was paid, 116,621.
Excise ()ffice, London, G. A. Cottrell,
20th April, 1844. Acct. Genl.
— for ships stores. See Part VIII.
Biscuit. See Colts, p. 190.
Books. As to Excise Drawback, &c., see PAPER.
BRAN. See CoRN, p. 190.
Botti, Es, Glass. See Glass, p. 191.
- as to British Bottles in which Foreign Wine is imported, see p. 125.
BRICKS made in Great Britain on which the duties
shall have been charged, and which shall be duly
removed to Ireland, or exported to foreign parts as
merchandise - - - The Excise duties paid
as in Part VII.
2 & 3 Vict. c. 24, § 2. [July 19, 1839.]
Entry of Bricks brought from Ireland into Great Britain.—The propric-
tor or consignee of any bricks removed from Ireland into Great Britain, shall,
on the arrival of the ship at the place into which the same shall be brought,
make due entry with the collector or other officer of excise, appointed to re-
ceive the same at such place, of such bricks on board such vessel; and if,
within twenty-four hours after the arrival of any vessel, due entry of any
bricks on board thereof brought from Ireland into Great Britain shall not be
made, or if any such bricks be removed from the place where landed before
the full duties thereon shall be fully paid, all such bricks shall be forfeited,
and may be seized by any officer of excise or customs: and every person
who shall remove or aid in removing any such bricks before the full duties
thereon shall have been duly paid shall forfeit 100l. 2 & 3 Vict, c. 24,
§ 19. [July 19, 1839.]
Shipping Notice.—Notice to be given and bond entered into for shipping
bricks to Ireland or foreign parts on drawback. § 2).
Presence of Officers, Debentures, ye.—Bricks to be shipped in the presence
in 6 months
. , 12 months
* ADD 5 per cent. to each Duties, Drawbacks and Bounties, as mentioned,
p. 47.
For QUANTities ExpoRTED, see Misceli,ANEous INForMATIoN, preſived to
the Journal.


PART IV.] UNITED KINGDOM.—ExpoRTs.—Tariff, &c. 187
BRICKS-continued.
of the officer of customs, who is to take an account of them, and certify
the shipment, and debenture then to be granted. § 21.
Ireland, Guernsey, &c.—No debenture for the payment of drawback on any
bricks removed to Ireland, or exported to Guernsey, Jersey, Alderney, or
the Isle of Man, shall be paid, until a certificate be produced of the
due landing thereof, under the hand of the chief officer of customs of the
port in Ireland, or of the said islands respectively. § 22.
Drawback not to be allowed in certain cases.—No drawback shall be
allowed or payable on any bricks having the word “Drain " stamped or
moulded thereon, or on any bricks which shall not be sound and unbroken,
and well and perfectly made and manufactured, and worth at least the
duties of excise charged thereon if sold for home consumption. § 23.
Fraudulently endeavouring to obtain Drawback.—Every person who shall
produce to any officer of excise or customs to be shipped for removal to
Ireland, or exportation on drawback, any bricks not entitled to drawback
or who shall ship for removal to Ireland or exportation on drawback any
such bricks, or who shall fraudulently deposit or remove any bricks, or
use any device or contrivance with intent unduly to obtain any drawback,
or any higher amount of drawback than he would otherwise be entitled
to, shall, over and above all other penalties which he may thereby incur,
forfeit treble the amount of the drawback sought to be obtained, or 100l.,
at the election of the commissioners of excise; and all such bricks shall
be forfeited, and may be seized by any officer of excise or customs. § 24.
BUTTONs, PEARL. See “Cotto N MANUFACTUREs.”
CANDLEs. By 1 & 2 Will. 4, c. 19, all the duties of excise payable upon
candles made in Great Britain, or made in Ireland, and removed into
Great Britain, and all duties upon licences required to be taken out by
any maker of candles in Great Britain and Ireland, and all drawbacks for
the removal of any candles from Great Britain to Ireland, or on the ex-
portation of any candles from Great Britain, shall cease.
CARDs and DICE. Playing cards or dice, not being stamped for use in the
United Kingdom, and not having paid the stamp duties, may be exported,
9 Geo. 4, c. 18, § 28. Playing cards or dice exported contrary to law, or
relanded after entry, shall be forfeited. § 30.
If any person fraudulently re-land cards or dice, after entry and shipment for
exportation elsewhere than in the port of consignment, he shall for every such
offence forfeit 50l. § 31.
No person shall export any cards to the Isle of Man, unless stamped for such
Island, or for use in the United Kidgdom, upon pain of forfeiting 20l. for
every pack. § 32.
CARRIAGEs.
By T. L., Sept. 26, 1817, British-built carriages actually in use by passengers, as their tra-
velling carriages, may pass without payment of duties, and without entries, under the restric-
tions respecting baggage, p. 127.
CEMENT STONE. See “STONE.”
CHALK deemed ballast. See page 181.
CIIINA Stone. See “Stone.”
CIGARs for ships' stores. See Part VIII.
CLAY ST on E. See “Stone.”
CLocks and WATCHEs. Any outward or inward box, case, or dial-plate, of
any metal, without the movement in or with every such box, case, or dial-
plate, made up fit for use, with the clock or watchmaker's name cngraven
thereon, prohibited to be exported, or water-borne to be exported, on pain
of forfeiture. 3 & 4 Will. 4, c. 52. § 104.
CLoTII. r
Manchester, Oct. 28, 1844.
The demand for China, and in particular for the port of Shanghae, is immense, and the advices
from this particular place are most encouraging. The profits are understood to be not only


188 UNITED KINGDOM.—ExpoRTs.—Tariff,” &c. [1845.
Clotii —continued.
good, but even large. Some idea may be formed of the amazing increase in the business to
China, when it is stated, that for nine months of 1844 the number of pieces of shirting only ex-
ceed the quantity for the entire year 1843 by more than 1,000,000 pieces; and it is computed that
for the year it will amount to 1,500,000 pieces.—Cor.
COAL, CULM, or CINDERS, exported to Foreign Countries, £ s. d.
in a foreign ship, ton - - - . 0 4 0
CoAL.
in a British ship, viz.:--
Not being Small Coal, ton - 0 2 ()
—— SMALL CoA1., that is to say, Coals which shall have been
screened through a riddle or screen the bars of which are not
in any part thereof more than ; parts of an inch asunder, and
Culm, ton . - - - - - . () } 0
By T. L., Dec. 3, 1812, as it appears that Aden has been declared to be, for the purposes of
commerce, a port of the Presidency of Bombay, coals are allowed to be exported to Aden on
the same terms as to the other ports in the Bombay Presidency.
Hy T. L., Oct. 31, 1812, it is stated that no duty can be legally enforced upon coals exported
to Malta, Gibraltar, and Heligoland, none of the said places being considered Foreign Coun-
tries, in any shi; “s.
Bond.—In no case shall the security by Bond required for the due
exportation of any goods exceed double the amount of the duty, draw-
back or bounty payable on such goods. 6 & 7 Vict, c. 84, § 8. [22d
August, 1843].
Certificates before Clearance.—No ship shall be cleared from any port
of the United Kingdom, either for a coasting or a foreign voyage, laden
with coals, or culm, or cinders, which had not been previously brought
coastwise into such port, until the fitter, or the coal owner or his agent
vending or shipping the same, shall have delivered to the collector or
controller two certificates under his hand, expressing the total quantities
of coals, culm, and cinders, respectively shipped or intended to be shipped
by him in such ship; and the collector or controller shall retain one of
such certificates, and shall deliver the other, signed by him, to the master
of the ship; and every fitter, coal owner or agent, who shall refuse to give
such certificates, or shall give a false certificate, shall forfeit 100l.; and
the master of such ship shall keep such certificate, and produce the same
to any officer of customs demanding such production, and shall, before
bulk be broken, deliver such certificate to the collector or controller of any
port in the United Kingdom to which such coals, culm, or cinders shall
be carried in such ship. 7 Vict., c. 16, § 1. [6th June, 1844].
RECIPROCITY TREATIES.
By Letter of the Board of Trade, 20th January, 1844, it is stated that the Commissioners of
Customs, in their Report of 31st August, 1843, upon the petition of Messrs. Brandt, request to
be favoured with the directions of the Lords Commissioners of Her Majesty's Treasury upon
three questions, viz.
1st. Whether the difference of duty is to be returned in respect of all coals shipped in Russian
vessels subsequently to the date of the Russian Treaty; and if so, whether the same rule is to
be observed with repect to coals shipped on board Prussian, Swedish, Norwegian and Hanoverian
vessels,
2ndly. Whether all such vessels are to be placed upon the same footing as British vessels, in
regard to the exportation of culm and cinders as well as coals; and
3rdly. Whether the privileges granted to such vessels in these respects are to be extended to
the vessels belonging to all the other countries referred to in the Commissioners’ Report of 31st
August, 1843, (being those hereinafter named): viz—
United States of America. Brazil.
Columbia. Frankfort.
Venezuela, Netherlands
Mexico. and
Rio de la Plata. Austria.
In giving the opinion of the Lords of this Committee upon these questions, with a view to
* ADD 5 per cent, to the Duties, Drawbacks and Bounties, as mentioned,
p. 47.
For QUANTITIEs ExpoRTED, see MiscellANEoUs INForMATION, prefixed to
the Journal.


PART IV.] UNITED KINGDOM.–ExpoRTs.—Tariff, &c. 189
COAL, &c.—continued.
prevent ambiguity and prolixity of expression, I must first observe that, by the phrase “differ-
ential duties on coals indirectly exported,” I mean the difference between the duties charged
upon coals exported from the United Kingdom in foreign vessels to foreign countries, other than
those to which the vessels belong, and the duties which would be charged on the same coals ex-
ported from the United Kingdom to the same countries in British vessels, and, in reference to
the 2nd question above stated, I am to point out that the recommendations contained in this
communication are intended to apply to culm and cinders as well as to coal.
With regard to the first of the above questions, My Lords direct me to request you to acquaint
the Lords Commissioners of Her Majesty's Treasury that, inasmuch as the stipulations of the
recent Treaty of 1843 between this country and Russia contemplate the indirect as well as the
direct trade between the two countries, and as there is no doubt but that such was the intention
of the parties to that Treaty, My Lords are of opinion that the differential duties on coals indi-
rectly exported in Russian vessels, charged since the ratification of that Treaty on the 31st
January, 1843, should be refunded.
With respect to Prussia having regard to the indefinite terms of the 4th clause of the Treaty
between this country and Prussia, and to the bearing thereupon of the expressions in the pre.
amble of the Treaty, indicating the intention of the parties to treat merely with reference to the
direct intercourse between the countries; and considering that the Prussian Government them-
selves held and maintained at a former period (a view in which the British Government concur-
red) that the Treaty did not extend to the indirect Trade. My Lords, although (under the cir-
cumstances) and after the opinion given by legal authorities upon the verbal effect of the naked
expressions of the 4th article of the Treaty, they did not feel themselves justified in insisting for
the future on the limited construction of the Treaty, are not prepared to give a retrospective
effect to their decision.
My Lords, therefore, cannot recommend that any differential duties on coals indirectly ex-
ported from the United Kingdom in Prussian vessels, charged prior to the 30th of June, 1843,
(on which day the decision of Her Majesty's Government on the subject was made public by the
Treasury order, directing the duty in question to be discontinued as respects coal exported in
Prussian vessels) should be refunded.
My Lords, nevertheless, would suggest the repayment of such differential duties on the indi-
rect exportation of coals in Prussian vessels as shall have been charged since that date.
With respect to the Hanseatic cities of Hamburgh, Bremen, and Lubeck, and likewise with
respect to Denmark—inasmuch as the stipulations respecting exports contained in the Treatics
between this country and those states are almost exactly similar to the stipulations in the Treaty
between this country and Prussia. My Lords are of opinion that the same limitation of date,
that is, the 30th June, 1843, should be applied to any retrospective demands which may be made
for repayment of duties on coal indirectly exported from the United Kingdom in vessels of those
Powers, and my Lords desire me further to offer the like recommendation with regard to the dif-
ferential duty on coals indirectly exported from the United Kingdom in Hanoverian vessels
(Hanover being entitled under the declaration of the 12th June, 1824, to all the benefits secured
to the shipping and commerce of Prussia by the above-mentioned Treaty between this country
and Prussia.
The case of Swedish and Norwegian vessels stands upon a different footing from those already
adverted to. In the Treaty with those countries my Lords perceive an additional clause. “That
in all matters and regulations of Trade and Navigation each of the high contracting parties shall
treat the other upon the footing of the most favoured nation.”
It will be necessary, therefore, to give to Sweden and Norway the benefit of the most exten-
sive limits which may be adopted with regard to any other nation, as to the refunding these dif-
ferential duties on the export of coal.
If, therefore, the Lords Commissioners of Her Majesty's Treasury should deem it necessary to
repay duties charged on coal indirectly exported in Russian vessels since the 31st January, 1843,
the same date must be adopted with regard to claims in respect of Swedish and Norwegian
vessels.
As regards the 3rd question proposed by the Commissioners of Customs, namely, whether the
privileges granted to such vessels in these respects, are to be extended to the vessels belonging to
all the other countries referred to in their report, that is—
United States of America. Brazil.
Columbia. Frankfort.
Venezuela. Netherlands.
Mexico. and
Rio de la Plata. Austria.
I am directed to say that in the Treaties with
The United States of America. Mexico, and
Columbia. Rio de la Plata.
and in so much of the Treaty with Frankfort as is still subsisting, my Lords do not perceive any
clause entitling vessels of those countries to export goods from the United Kingdom to third
countries upon the same terms as British vessels; and my Lºrds therefore see no grounds for
discontinuing the differential duties on coals in such cases of indirect exportation. .
As respects the Netherlands and Austria, my Lords are not aware that any application has been
made for the return of any differential duties which may have been charged upon coals indirectly
exported in the vessels of those countries, and my Lords consider it the more convenient course,
not to propose any rule with regard to any retrospective demands in respect of those countries,
until they shall actually arise. - - - - -
My Lords, feeling the great incovenience of dealing with claims of this nature, have directed
their attention to certain other reciprocity treaties which are now subsisting, and they are of
opinion that the stipulations of the treaties between this country and Portugal, Greece, Texas,
and Uraguay respectively; are such as to render it proper that the differential duty on coals in-
directly exported from the United Kingdom in vessels of those countries, should he no longer


190 UNITED KINGDOM.—ExpoRTs.—Tariff, &c. [1845.
COAL, &c.—continued.
levied; and I am to request that you will move the Lords Commissioners of Her Majesty's
Treasury to give the necessary directions for that purpose.
The only remaining country which it appears necessary to notice is Brazil, and upon this my
Lords will make a separate communication to the Lords of the Treasury at a future opportunity.
Although in the preceding recommendations my Lords have suggested that the differential
duties charged subsequently to a certain specified limit of time should be repaid ; they meverthe-
less entertain some doubt to whom the repayment should be made. The applications appear to
be made by the exporters of the coal, and not by the owners of the exporting vessel. But my
Lords apprehend that differential duties of this kind, which have been imposed for the benefit of
British shipping, fall not on the exporter, who primarily pays it, but on the owner of the foreign
ship, who, in order to compete in point of freight with vessels belonging to the favoured coun-
tries, must reduce his freight by the amount of the differential duty.
Without pressing this view of the question to its extreme, my Lords cannot but think that the
owner of the foreign vessel is at least to some extent damnified by the differential duty thus
charged upon the exporter: and that if the duty be returned to the exporter without reference
to the ship owner, the ship owner may himself come forward, may show that he has positively
been the loser in point of freight, owing to the charge of this duty, and may claim the interference
of his government in his behalf.
My Lords therefore would suggest, for the consideration of the Lºrds Commissioners of Her
Majesty's Treasury, that in those cases in which the application for the return of duty is made by
the exporter, it should not be acceded to, unless the owner of the exporting ship concur therein,
and agree that the duty if returned, should be revu., ed in full satisfaction of the claims of
both.
By T. L., Feb. 7, 1844, these recommendations are to be strictly adhered to.
Coco A Nuts.-For any Cocoa-nuts lodged in warehouses not
being declared to be of special security, the following allowance
for natural waste shall be made upon the exportation thereof:
viz., Cocoa Nuts, for every 100 lb., and so on in proportion
for any less quantity - - - - - 2 lb.
[3 & 4 Will. 1, c. 57, § 40].
— for Ships' Stores, see PART VIII.
CofFEE.—For any Coffee lodged in warehouses not being de-
clared of special security, the following allowance for natural
waste shall be made upon the exportation thereof; riz., Coffee
for every 100 lb., and so in proportion for any less quantity 2 lb.
[3 & 4 Will. 4, c. 57, § 40.]
— for Shºps' Stores, see PART VIII.
CoRN.
Allowances for natural waste, see IMponts, p. 162.
By C. O., April 29, 1819, in the case of vessels wrecked at an out-port on their outward voyage,
where the parties are desirous to have the goods sent back to the shipping port, the collector
and controller may allow such re-shipment to take place under proper precautions and regu-
lations for the security of the revenue, without waiting for the Board's previous permission
in such case : but they are forthwith to report their proceedings to the Board, in order that
the Board may give such further directions as the circumstance may appear to require; but
where the parties are desirous of re-shipping the cargo on board other vessels for the place of
their original destination, the Board's previous order for that purpose is to be obtained,
Di,RELICT.
By C. O., December 17, 1819, March 17, 1821, and February 10, 1834, in the case of vessels
wrecked at an out-port on their outward voyages, where the parties are desirous to have the
cargoes forwarded to the port of destination, the re-shipment thereof may be allowed for
that purpose, without waiting for the Board's previous permission: care being taken that
the goods be accompanied by, and under the charge of proper officers, at the merchant's risk
and expense: and that previously to the delivery, an account be taken of the marks, numbers,
and contents of the cargoes, which is to be transmitted to the Board, and the proper officers
at the destined port; in order that when the vessels arrive which bring the same, landing-
waiters may be appointed thereto in the mature of a continuation of the original voyage, that
the goods may be regularly surveyed for damage, and the duty paid in the usual manner:
also, that before the goods are delivered the salvors be satisfied ; that the crown be not put
to any expense on the occasion, and that the merchants or their agents undertake to defray
the officers’ day pay and travelling charges in returning to duty; and such re-shipment may
be allowed, although the coasting vesseſ on board which such goods are proposed to be re-
shipped, may have other goods on board, provided that in all such cases the proceedings
be reported to the Board, in order that they may give such further directions as circum-
stances may appear to require.
Dice. See cards, p. 187.
FRUIT, viz., Figs and Raisins.
DEFICIENCIES.
By T. O., Aug. 1844, the duties on all reasonable deficiencies of boxes, drums, and baskets of
figs and raisins, ascertained on delivery for exportation from the bonded warehouses, may
be remitted, upon a certificate from the landing surveyor, in each instance, that no fraud is
suspected, and that the deficiency has arisen from matural causes.


PART IV.] UNITED KINGDOM.–ExpoRTs.—Tariff, &c. 191
GLASS.
Persons intending to export Glass on Drawback to give notice, weigh, pack,
&c.—1 & 2 Vict. c. 44, § 77. [27th July, 1838.]
Nature of Packages.—No glass whatsoever, except as hereinafter provided,
shall be packed for exportation on drawback in any crate or other package
made with any void space in or between the component parts thereof; but
all glass shall be packed for exportation in casks, boxes, or chests only, in
which the exporter shall, previous to the packing the glass therein, have cut
or sunk therein a sufficient number of circular cavities, each not less than a
quarter of an inch nor more than half an inch in depth, and not less than one
inch, nor more than an inch and a half in diameter, to receive the seal of the
officer of excise, and to protect such seal from being defaced, broken, or da-
maged; and each such cavity shall be cut or sunk one part thereof on the
edge of the lid or cover, and the other on the side of the cask, box, or chest,
so that each such seal may be conveniently placed by the officer of excisc,
part on the wood of such lid or cover, and the residue on the wood of the
side of each such cask, box, or chest; and no drawback shall be paid for any
glass packed otherwise than as aforesaid, except that nothing herein shall
extend to prohibit the packing of whole or half tables of spread-glass or
crown-glass, or any common bottles, in any crate or packages whatsoever.
§ 78.
Placing any heavy Substance with Glass, or other Glass than that produced, or
deceiving Officer, forfeiture 4200. Eacception as to Bottles, Stands, &c.
§ 79.
Opening Chests, &c., after being packed, or damaging Fastenings, &c.—For-
feiture 200l., and packages with contents. § 80.
Maker of Glass for Erportation may give notice for altering the Direction or
Marks on a change of Destination, or may have the Glass unpacked for
IIone Consumption. § 81.
Shipping Notice to be given. Bond as to due Shipment, Certificate, &c. § 82.
Glass is to be produced to, and shipped in presence of Officer of Customs. § 83.
Packages examined by Officers of Eacise and Customs and found fraudu-
lently varying from notice.—Packages, and the contents thereof, shall be
forfeited, and the exporter shall forfeit treble the value of the drawback
sought to be obtained, or 200l., at the election of the Commissioners of
Excise. § 84.
Common Bottles in bulk-It shall be lawful for any person to ship for ex-
portation on drawback common bottles in bulk, not being packed in any
package; and in such case the person intending to export the same shall not
be required to give any packing notice to the officers of excise, but such
person shall, by himself or his agent, give to the export officer of excise, or
officer acting as such, at the port of exportation, a notice in writing of his
intention, and shall also make declaration as to payment of excise-duties,
and give bond for due exportation. $ 85. [See Regulations at the end of
this Title].
Plate Glass to be in the forms prescribed.—No drawback shall be payable for
any unground or unpolished plate-glass, nor for any plate-glass, unless the
same shall be exported in rectangular plates of the size of six inches in
length, by four inches in breadth at the least, and of not less thickness than
one-eighth of an inch, and unless each plate shall be perfectly ground and
polished, and perfect and fit for use as and for ground and polished plate-
glass, and shall not have been previously in use. § 86. [See Regulations
hereafter].
Spread or Crown-glass, or German Sheet-glass.-No drawback shall be payable
on any spread or broad-glass, or crown-glass, or German sheet-glass, unless
the same be of good and merchantable quality, and well and perfectly made
of metal properly fluxed or fused, and shall not have been previously in
use. § 88.
Glass of a greater specific grarity than 2,800.-No glass exported of a greater
specific gravity than two thousand eight hundred shall be entitled to draw-
back as plate-glass, or spread, or broad, or crown-glass, or German sheet-


192 UNITED KINGDOM.–ExpoRrs.—Tariff, &c. [1845.
GLASS—continued.
glass : but all glass produced for exportation of a greater specific gravity than
two thousand eight hundred, if in other respects entitled to drawback, and all
coloured glass other than stained glass exported, shall be deemed to be flint-
glass, and shall not be entitled to any higher rate of draw-back than flint-
glass. $ 89.
Bottles to be properly manufactured.—No drawback shall be allowed or payable
on any bottles or vessels or utensils of common bottle metal unless the same
shall be sound and unbroken, without any cracks therein, and well and per-
fectly made of metal properly fluxed and fused, and which shall not have
been previously in use. § 90.
Fraudulently packing or shippinſ, or concealing or depositing Glass.-Over
and above all other penalties which the person may thereby incur, he shall
forfeit treble the amount of the drawback sought to be obtained, or £200, at
the election of the Commissioners of Excise; and all such glass or other
articles, matters, or goods, shall be forfeited. § 91.
Glass for Optical Ins/ruments, or for the purposes ºf Science.—It shall be
lawful for the Lords Commissioners of Her Majesty's Treasury, from time to
time, to dispense with or alter the whole or any part of the regulations, or to
remit the whole or any part of the duty, and to prescribe such other con-
ditions and securities as they may judge necessary er expedient for the im-
provement or better preparation and selection of glass fitted for the purposes
of optical instruments, or for the purposes of science. § 92.
Repeal.—Former Acts repealed. § 93.
So much of the foregoing Act as requires, for the purpose of ºbtaining a draw-
drawback, that any flint glass goods or wares shall be of such quality as to
be worth at least five pence the pound, exclusive of the duty, shall be
repealed. 7 & 8 Vict. c. 25. [4th July, 13 . .
OPTION OF EXPORTING WITII () ("I EXAMINATI ()N.
By Excise Regulations, dated August 10, 1844, and Minute of Board of Customs, of August 24,
1844, it is stated that the Lords of the Treasury having, by minute of the 9th Feb. last, directed
that the exporter of large plate glass of the first quality, and of a size not less than eighteen
superficial feet, shall have the option of exporting his glass without any examination of the pack-
ages containing the same on their shipment, upon giving, previously to packing, forty-eight hours
notice to the Collector of Excise of the collection, in which notice he shall have expressed his
desire to have a special certificate given him for the export of his glass without inspection on its
shipment, provided such shipment take place within three months from the date of the certificate,
it is ordered,
That the collector, upon receiving forty-eight hours' previous notice, in writing, from an ex-
porter, that he intends to pack large plate glass of the first quality, and of a size not less than
eighteen superficial feet, specifying the time when, and place where, the same is intended to be
packed, and that a special certificate will be required for such glass, direct a supervisor or sur-
veyor, and an officer to attend at the time and place mentioned in the notice, to examine the glass
produced to be packed, and on being satisfied that it is of the quality and size described in the
notice, to see it packed into suitable packages; and not only seal the same, but see that each
packing case or box is encircled with an iron chain or bars, which they are to secure with a lock
provided by the revenue, and take particular care when the chain or bars are locked on, that they
cannot by any possibillity be removed or shifted, so as to admit of any part of the glass being
taken out of the cases or boxes. That such locks as may be furnished by order of the Board, be
made use of in securing such packages, and that the year and date of packing be entered on one
side of the label, and the initials of the supervisor or surveyor and the officer who attended the
packing, together with any private mark the may think proper, on the other, before it be put into
the lock.
That the supervisor or surveyor prepare a certificate according to the form at present in use
for glass, with the words, “Special Certificate” written in a large and legible hand at the top
thereof; that the particulars on the label be entered upon the certificate, which must be signed
by the supervisor or surveyor and the officer who attended the packing, who will be held respon-
sible for the proper performance of such duty, and for the packages being duly secured Tre.
viously to granting such certificate. The key or keys of the locks securing the packages iſ us;
be carefully put up with the packing certificate, and forwarded by post, under seal, to the prim.
cipal export officer of excise, at the port of exportation, at the expense of the exporter, such
expense of transmission being demanded by such principal export officer, and paid before deliver-
ing the key to the exporter. -
That, on receiving a regular shipping notice and declaration of the duty having been charged
or secured, and upon the exporter entering into the proper bond for glass so packed and secured,
the export officers allow it to be shipped without any examination, except as to the identity of
the packages, unless there shall appear some sufficient ground for apprehending fraud. On the
packages being shipped, the key or keys of the locks securing, them are to be delivered to the
exporter, and care must be taken that locks, the keys of which are once so delivered into the
possession of an exporter, be not again used for any revenue purpose.
Supervisors or surveyors having any traders within their districts, who are likely to avail them.


PART IV.] UNITED KINGDOM.—ExpoRTs.—Tariff,” &c. 193
GLASS—continued.
selves of the foregoing regulations, must, from time to time, apply for such number of locks as
they may consider necessary, such locks being applied for, and brought to account under the
existing regulations with respect to other revenue locks. And as such exporters will be liable
for the whole expenses of carrying the regulations into effect, the supervisor or surveyor who
attends the packing of such glass must demand and receive the price of the lock or locks before
he affixes them on any of the cases.
BOTT),ES,
By Excise Regulations, dated Aug. 15, 1844, and Minute of Board of Customs of Aug. 24,
1844, it is stated, that the Lords of the Treasury having directed that the duty of examining bot-
tles full, (unless containing beer) and empty bottles, on shipment, and of giving the certificates
on which the drawback debenture is to be subsequently paid by the excise department, shall
entirely devolve on the officers of Customs,
Bottles being also allowed to be exported without any previous examination by, or being
packed in the presence of, an excise officer, except when containing b it is ordered that the
above directions as regards bottles net cºntaining becr, be duly observed.
DRAWBACKS.
{1 & 2 Vict, c. 44. July 27, 1838.;
PLATE GLAss. # s. d.
For every square foot, superficial measure of ground and
polished Plate Glass made from the materials or metal or
other preparations for or upon which the duties payable in
respect of Plate Glass shall have been charged, which shall be
exported to foreign parts, and so in proportion for any greater
or less quantity - • - - - , () 2 \,
3'LINT GLAgs.
For every one hundred pounds weight avoirdupoise, and so
in proportion for any greater or less quantity, of Flint Glass
for or in respect of which, or of the materials, metal, or other
preparations from which the same shall have been made, all
excise duties payable thereon shall have been duly charged,
and which shall be exported to foreign pºrts • . () (; 3
[7 & 8 Vict., c. 25. July 4, 1824.]
By T. L., June 7, 1844, all flint giass packed and sealed for export, under the supervision of
the excise, and deposited in a bonded warehouse at the intended place of export previous to
6th July mext, shall be entitled to the present drawback on shipment, although such ship-
ment do not take place until after 5th July next.
BR.o.AD or SPREAD GLAss.
On all Broad or Spread Glass exported as merchandise, the
same Drawbacks shall be allowed as on German Sheet Glass,
according as the same may be exported in whole, or half,
or quarter tables, or sheets, or be cut into }.
[3 & 4 Wict., c. 22. July 3, 1810.]
PANEs of SPREAD GR Bito AD G LAss.
-— For every hundred weight of Spread or Broad, Glass for
which the Duty shall have been charged, and which shall be
exported in panes to foreign parts, such panes being cut into
regular rectangular figures of not less dimensions than six
inches in length by four inches in breadth, and so in pro-
portion for any greater or less quantity than a hundred weight | 15 0
* ADD 5 per cent. to all these Duties, Drawbacks, and J30unties, as mentioned
Ax. 47.
For QUANTITIEs Ex?orted, see MiscºLLAN Eous INForMAtlos, prºfired to
*he Journal,
to


194 UNITED KINGDOM.–ExpoRTs.—Tariff,” &c. [1845.
GLASS—continued. £ s. d.
CRowN GLAss AND GERMAN SHEET GLAss Not cut INTo PANEs.
For every hundred weight of Crown Glass and German
Sheet Glass for which the duties shall have been charged, and
and which shall be exported to foreign parts or the islands of
Guernsey, Jersey, Alderney, or Sark, in shades or in whole
tables, or half tables, or quarter tables, and so in proportion
for any greater or less quantity than a hundred weight of
such shades, tables, half tables, or quarter tables, calculating
the drawback upon the weight of the whole table exported,
although the same may be cut into half or quarter tables for
convenience of exportation - - - - . 3 13 6
PANEs ºr Crows Gl, Ass.
For every hundred weight of panes of Crown Glass for
which the duties shall have been paid, and which shall be
exported to foreign parts, such panes being in regular rect-
angular figures of not less dimensions than six inches in
length by four inches in breadth, nor containing any part of
the bullion or thick centre of the table frºm which such panes
shall have been cut, and so in propertion for any greater or
less quantity than a hundred weight - - . () 8 ()
PAN is or (; 1:1: 1 AN Siiri:T GLA..s.
For every hundred weight of panes of German Sheet Glass
for which the duty shall have been charged, and which shall
be exported to foreign parts, such pancs being in regular
rectangular figures of not less dimensions than six inches in
length by four inches in breatºh, and in proportion for any
greater or less quantity than a hundred weight - . 4 () 0
-
Port Li's.
For every hundred weight of common Bottles, and ºf all
other vessels and utensils of common bottle metal, for which
the duties shall have been paid, and which shall be exported,
and in proportion for any greater or less quantity . . 0 7 0
GLoves. See “Hosicry.”
Goods. It shall not be lawful for any person to export any goods ware-
housed, nor to enter for exportation to parts beyond the seas any goods
so warehoused, in any ships which shall not be of the burden of 700 tons
or upwards. 3 & 4 Will. 1, c. 57, § 16. [Now reduced to 60 tons. See
p. 7, and Guernsey, &c., Part X.]
GRAIN. See Colts, p. 19).
GRITs. See Colts, p. 190.
GUN pe it may, by proclamation or order in council, be prohibited to be
exported, or water-borne to be exported, on pain of forfeiture. 3 & 4
Will. 4, c. 52, § 104.
Hops.-Drawback, the whole of the duty paid. 1 & 2 Geo. 4, c. 100.
* ADD 5 per cent. to all these Duties, Drawbacks and Bounties, as mentioned
p. 47.
For QUANTITIEs ExpoRtºp, see MiscELLANEous INFormation, profired to
the Journal.


PART IV.] UNITED KINGDOM.–Exports.—Tariff, &c. 195
HOPS–continued
An Account of the quantity of British Hops exported from Great Britain to
foreign countries, from the 5th day of January 1843 to the 5th day of January
1844, 292,709 lb.
Excise Office, London, {}. A. Cottrell,
12th March, 1844. Acct. Genl.
At the Fourteenth Meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science, on
Saturday, Sept. 28, 1841, Mr. Felkin read a paper on the statistics of the Hosiery manufactured
by machinery in the United Kingdom, compiled from an actual census taken under his direction
in the present year. He stated that before the age of Elizabeth, stockings were either knitted
of coarse woollen thread or cut out of Jimen and silk tissue. Towards the close of the sixte ºuth
century the Rev. W. Lee succeeded in producing the stocking-frame, and his ingenuity was ap-
preciated by Queen Elizabeth, who visited him at his lodgings, 9:1d accepted specimens of É's
productions. Her kinsman, Lord Hunsdon, entered into a kind of partnership with Lee, and
one of the Tudor family became the first stockin'r-maker's apprentice. Jame... f. refused to ſel-
iow the enlightened policy of Elizabeth; and Lee, ne–lected in England, accepted the of: rs
made by the French minister Sully; he established a manufactory at Rouen, but after the laur-
der of Henry IV, the patronage he had re.”ived was withdrawn, and he died of a broken kert.*
The stocking-frame spread rapidly over Enºla; d. France, Spain, and the Neuii, rands; i.e's
brother introduced the manufactºre into Lon lon, where the “Frame-work Knitter’s ("on-
pany” still exists, though it has been long ali empty name. Out of 650 fra:ues, in 1659, there
were 490 in London, three-fifths of the whole being employed in the manufacture of silk goods.
Foreign competition has had little effect upon this branch of industry, for the amount of the ex-
portation of hosiery has never, been important. . There were only 117,597 dozens exported in
i843, and that was nearly double the axiount of the preceding year. The ultimate results of the
hosiery trade are to turn imported raw materials and thºse of hºlde-growth of the col:ec, i.e.
value of 705,000l. into the selling valie of 2,552.71:1. There are manufactured annually 81,000
dozen of silk stockings and socks, 2,161,000 of cotton, and 1.770,000 of worsted. Including
gloves and other hosiery products, the annual production is 5,705,600 dozen, which would nºt
give in ºre than one pair of stockings ond onze pair of gloves for each inhabitant of Britain.
L AcE.
Any metal inferior to silver which shall be spun, mixed, wrought, or set
upon silk, or which shall be gilt, or drawn into wire, or flatted into plate,
and spun or woven, or wrought into, or upon, or mixed with lace, fringe,
cord, embroidery, tambour work, or buttons, made in the gold or silver lace
manufactory, or set upon silk, crimeade into bullion, spanºles, or pearl, or
any other materials made in the gold or silver lace malºufactory, or which shall
imitate or be meant to imitate such lace, fringe, cord, embroidery, tambour
work, or buttons: or any copper, brass, or other metal which shall be silvered,
or drawn into wire, or flattened into plate, or made into bulliºn, spangles, or
pearl, or any other laterials used in the gºld or silver lace it::::::1f.ctory, or in
imitation of such lace, fringe, cord, elebrºidery, tambour work, or buttons, or
of any materials used in makin'; the same, and which sha; hold more or bear a
greater proportion than three peºnyweights of fine silver to the Pºrtuid as ir-
dupois of such cºpper, brass, or other metals, prohibited to be exported.
or water-horne to be expºrted. on pain of ſorieiture. 3 & 4 Will. "... c. 52.
§ 10 [.
Any metal inferior to silver, whether ºilf, siiv ºr, l, six.ined, ºr coloured, or
otherwise, which shall be worked up, or mixed with gºld or silver in any ina-
nufacture of lace, fringe, cord, embroidery, tailbour work, er buttons, pro-
hibited to be exported, or water-borne to be experſ, d, on pain of forfeiture.
— See ‘Sijk.’
* : t: , "...i.a, (*i. 2d. 18 1.
The bob", in-me” traie, upon the whole, li:ay in sº tº , in a . . cºnstition, thºugi, fºr from
brisk. The circular hiachi:e-, which h; fºr . . . .ºl years been in the back croºd as to the
producing of fancy nets, are nºw cºniº into 12 y, ºil iman, tº “...ifºliºs ºf fancy kees may he
seen rom team-propelled circular hºlt machines, which herºiore bºxe iºn pretty ºn ally
confined to the making of plain quillings and plain nets. We laye hºard ºf a circular boil
unachine applying 60 guide-lars; but tº c interbalaecº tº is, whº is a ºver's machine which
has now applied 117 bars with success ('u'.
LINEs.
One outfitting house in the city of London em; 4: s , ºut lºs is. ...! :: *.cs iºd ii- ºr o:
than 20,000 dozens of shirts annuaily. - . 1/h. 2, , , ... the . . . . . . .
. * Justly has it he ºn -ºid, this: “it - the invºlution which ma}.e.- the i.rt,” ... aii., it is list
inventor who starves.” fºr. .I.,”,”, l ºf Trad,
1, 2


196 UNITED KINGDOM.–Exports.--Tariff,” &c. [1845.
MACHINERY. £ s. d.
So much of the Act and table as prohibits the exportation from the United
Kingdom of the tools, utensils, machinery, and articles is hereby repealed.
6 & 7 Vict., c. 84, § 24. [Aug. 22, 1843].
MALT. See Corn, p. 190.
MEAL. See Corn, p. 190.
Oil, PALM.
By C. O., May 31, 1813, with reference to the low duty chargeable on Palm Oil, and the de-
description of casks in which it is ordinarily bonded, the same may be shipped for export
from any warehouse without re-weighing, except in cases of suspicion.
PAcKAGEs. See p. 185.
PAPER, &c.—Paper, Sheathing-paper, Button-paper, Button-
board, Mill-board, Paste-board, and Scale-board made and
charged with duty in the United Kingdom, and which shall
be duly exported as merchandise, 1.xcise drawback, lb. . () () };
-—- Printed Books in perfect and complete sets, or, if Periodical
Publications, in perfect parts or numbers, and of blank, plain,
or ruled Account Books, whether bound or unbound, made of
or printed or ruled on paper, made and charged with duty in
the United Kingdom, and which shall be exported as mer-
chandise, Excise, Drawback, lb. - - n . 0 0 };
— made and charged with duty, and printed, painted, or
stained, in the United Kingdom, and exported as merchandise,
Excise drawback, doz. sq. yds. - - - . () () 2
[2 & 3 Vict., c. 23, July 19, 1839.]
Packing Votice.—Every person infending to export any paper, or any button-
board, mill-board, paste-board, or scale-board, or any books, as merchandise,
and to obtain the drawback thereon, shall give twelve hours' notice of his
intention to the proper officer of excise. 2 & 3 Vict., c. 23, § 52. [July 19,
1839.]
Putting heavy substances or other matter in Bores, &c., to forfeit 200l., and
every such package, uriſh the coutents thereof, shall be forfeiſed. § 53.
By Excise Order, dated October 31, 1839, it is stated, that no objection will be made to the
introduction of pens, pencils, inkstands, rul sealing-wax, wafers, and other articles of sta-
tionery or of books not entitled to drawback, intº packages containing paper or books intended
to be exported on drawback: provided that, in the case of stationery, the quantity packed shall
not exceed in weight one-fifth of the weight of the paper, and in the case of books not entitled
to drawback, one-tenth of the weight of the drawback books contained in the package in which
they are H. and provided that the exporter shall cause to be marked in a legible manner on
the outside of each package, in the presence of the packing officer, the net weight of the paper
or books entitled to drawback ; or paper and books, the met weight of each ; and the net
weight of the articles or books not entitled to drawback, packed with them; and the tare of
the package.
Opening Bowes, &c., or erasing Marks.--Every person who shall open any
package containing paper, &c., or books which shall have been packed for
exportation, or shall wilfully destroy or deface any seal or mark of the officer
placed thereon, or damage any of the fastenings thereof, and every person
who shall cut out, erase, obliterate, alter, or damage any figure, letter, or
mark, on any package containing paper, &c., or any books, for exportation,
expressing or denoting the weight of such package, or the weight of the
paper, &c., or books therein, or the number thereof, shall forfeit 100l., and
every such package, with the contents thereof, shall be forfeited, and may be
seized by any officer of excise or customs. § 54.
Shippiny Notice.—Exporters to give a shipping notice, and enter into security.
§ 55.
* ADD 5 per cent. to all these Duties, Drawbacks and Bounties, as mentioned
p. 47.
For QUANTitles ExpoRted, see Miscr1.1.ANEous INFonMATION, prefired to
the Journal.


PART IV.] UNITED KINGDOM.–ExpoRTs.-Tariff, &c. 197
PAPER, &c.—continued.
Officers of Customs.-Packages to be produced to the officer of customs, who
shall see them shipped in his presence. A debenture for payment of draw-
back to be issued in six weeks from shipment. § 56.
Guernsey, Jersey, &c.—No debenture shall be made out for the payment of
drawback on any paper, button-board, mill-board, paste-board, or scale-
board, or books, exported to Guernsey, Jersey, Alderney, or the Isle of
Man, until a certificate shall be produced of the due landing thereof, under
the hand of the chief officer of customs of the said islands respectively.
§ 57.
Eramination, &c.—Officers of customs and excise may open and examine
packages, and in case of fraud, such packages, and the contents thereof,
| shall be forfeited, and may be seized by any officer of excise or customs,
and the exporter shall forfeit treble the value of the drawback sought
to be cyfaircd, or 200l., at the election of the Commmissioners of Excise.
§ 58.
| Drawback not to be allowed on Books in certain cases.—No drawback shall be
allowed for the paper of any books in the Latin, Greek, Oriental or Northern
Languages, printed within the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge, or the
Universities of Scotland, or Trinity College, Dublin, by permission of the
vice-chancellors, or principles, or provost, of the same respectively, nor for
any bibles, testaments, psalm books, or books of common prayer, confession
of faith, or larger or shorter catechism, printed in the Universities of Oxford
or Cambridge, or Trinity College, Dublin, or by the Queen's printers in
England, Scotland, or Ireland respectively, nor for any other printed books
exported by any person not being a printer, or bookseller, or stationer, or
which have ever been before sold to any person not using or exercising the
trade or business of a printer, or bookseller, or stationer. § 59.
t Ruled Account Books, and Books sold before.—No drawback shall be allowed
on any ruled accounts books which shall be exported by any other person
than a stationer, nor on any such books which shall have been before sold
to any person not using or exercising the trade or business of a stationer,
| § 60.
Paper cut, gilded, or otherwise prepared.—When any stationer shall intend to
plough, cut, gild, colour, or otherwise prepare any paper previously to the
exportation thereof, on drawback, such stationer shall give to the proper
officer of excise notice in writing of such his intention. No paper so prepared
shall be allowed to be packed for exportation on drawback which shall not be
produced in wrappers having the labels thereof so marked by the officer as
aforesaid. § 61.
Fraudulently obtaining or endeavouring to obtain Drawbacks,—Every person
who shall produce to any officer of excise or customs, to be packed or shipped
for exportation on drawback, any paper, &c., or any books, not entitled to
drawback under the provisions of this Act, or who shall pack or ship for
exportation on drawback any such paper, &c., or books, or any articles,
other than the paper, &c., or books, produced to the officer of excise to be
packed, or who shall fraudulently remove, deposit, or conceal any paper, &c.,
or books, with intent unduly to obtain any drawback or any higher amount
of drawback than he would otherwise he entitled to, shall, over and above all
other penalties, which he may thereby incur, forfeit treble the amount of the
drawback sought to be obtained, or 200l., at the election of the Commis-
sioners of Excise, and all such paper, &c., or books, or other articles, shall
be forfeited, and may be seized by any officer of excise or customs. § 62.
Fire or Wreck.--Allowance of duty to be made on paper lost by fire or wreck.
§ 63.
Conditions of Allowance.—No paper-maker shall be entitled to any such relief,
unless a notice in writing, describing the nature, cause, and extent of such
accident, and the place where the same shall have occurred, shall be delivered
to the Commissioners of Excise, or to the supervisor of excise of the district
in which such loss or damage shall have taken place, or shall have been first
discovered, within fourteen days next after the same shall have come to the


198 UNITED KINGDOM.—ExpoRTs.—Tariff,” &c. [1845
PAPER, &c.—continued.
knowledge of the paper-maker, nor unless such paper-maker or his agent
shall also give or leave notice in writing of his intention to apply for such
relief to or with the collector or supervisor of the collection, or district where
the Quarter Sessions are to be held at which he intends to apply for such
relief, or to the solicitor of excise for England, when such application shall
be intended to be made to the Commissioners of Excise, ten days at least
before the commencement of such Quarter Sessions, or before such appli-
cation to the said Commissioners, nor unless such paper-maker shall apply
for such relief within four calendar months after such loss or damage shall
have come to his knowledge. § 64.
EX.AMINATION.
By Excise Regulation, Čated Aug. 15, 1844, and Minute of Hoard ºf Custºms of eith Aug.,
1844, it is stated, t thu J, tº the 'i' having direc º that the duty of examining
paper in reams, on ‘ment, a "d ºf givinºr the iſiºtos on which the drawback-dobenture is
to be subsequently paid by the e :cise depart: hall entirely devolve on the officers of cus-
torns.
It being no longer dee
previously cºamined b
s should be
s ordered that, upon
m of the duty having
ajºr in whole reams, specified in such
bond, the oſticer w his name on thc
id have been cºnsplied with, and for-
That the export and other officers of this
Subject only to the examination of the offi-
'ni thereof, written upon the said notice
dcbenture must be delivered, and the
(ºr
the receipt, by the proper officer of a regul
l
1()
Shijºjin: 'ſ ent d clarat
any nurnber of pound - C
been charged or secured on
ºice, and upon the e tering into the Iro,
ing notice, as a cc .t.c that the r. q
ward the said notice to the propºr officer of custº
revenue allow such paper tº be shipped accoláin;
cers of customs, on whose c te of the du
and returned to the prºper : this 1:
amount of drawback aid All-
By C. O., Oct. 5, 1841, the proper (,
no
are to “trictly examine the contents of all packages
of paper entered for e tion, and having satisfied themselves of the genuineness of the
excise stamp upon h icºn, ha!: ºl, are to cause the same as well as the
writing upon the lab, s, to be carefully obliterated and destroyed with a brush and perma-
ment ink.
PEARL BARLEY. See Corn, p. 19).
PEPPER. For any pepper lodged in warehouses, not being
declared to be of special security, the following allowance for
natural waste shall be made upon the exportation thereof, for
every 190lb., and so in proportion for any less quantity.
[3 & 4 Will. 1, c. 57, § 40.] - - - . 2 Ib.
PLATE, if manufactured in Great Britain, assayed and marked,
*** -— £ 3, d.
— Go! p, made since Dec. 1, 1784, oz. . - . () 8 ()
- made since July 5, 1797 to Aug. 31, 1815, oz. . () 16 ()
after Aug. 31, 1815, oz. . - - . () 7 ()
SILVER, made since Dec. 1, 1781, oz. . - . () () (;
made since July, 5, 1797, oz. - - . () 1 ()
— made since Oct. 10, 1834, oz. - - - . () 1 3
— made since Aug. 31, 1815, oz. . - - . 0 1 G
except on gold watch-cases, rings, and any articles of gold, not ex-
ceeding 2 oz. in v it; on silver watch-cases, chains, necklaces, beads, lockets,
filigree work, shirt buckles, or brooches, stamped medals, and spouts to china,
stone, or earthenware teapots, of any weight whatever; tippings, swages, or
mounts, not weighing 10 pennyweights cf silver each, and not being necks or
collars for castors, cruets, or glasses appertaining to any sort of stands or
frames; wares of silver, not weighing 5 pennyweights each; this exemption is
not to include necks, collars, and tops of castors, cruets, or glasses appertaining
to any sort of stands or frames, buttons to be affixed to or set on any wearing
apparel, solid silver buttons, and solid studs, not having a bizelled edge soldered
* ADD 5 per cent. to all these Duties, Drawbacks and Bounties, as mentioned
p. 47.
For QUANTITIES ExpoRTED, see MiscellANEous INForm Ation, prefired to
the Journal.


PART IV.] UNITED KINGDOM.—ExpoRTs.—Tariff, &c. 199
PIATE–continued.
on, wrought seals, blank seals, and bottle-tickets, shoe-clasps, patch-boxes,
salt-spoons, salt-ladles, tea-spoons, tea-strainers, caddy-ladles, buckles, and
pieces of garnish, cabinets, knife-cases, tea-chests, bridle-stands, or frames. 52
Geo. 3, c. 59–55 Geo. 3, c. 185–1 Geo. 4, c. 14.
Ireland.—By 3 & 4 Will. 4, c. 97, § 21, upon the exportation from Ireland,
for any foreign parts, of any gold or silver plate, manufactured in Ireland,
the same being new plate, not having been used, and which shall appear to
have been duly marked for payment of the duty of 18, the ounce, a drawback
of, the oz. 1s.
Scotland.—No goldsmith, silversmith, or other person in Scotland, shall work
or make any gold vessel, plate, or manufacture, or ware of gold whatsoever,
less in fineness than eighteen carats of fine gold in cvery pound weight troy;
nor work or make any silver vessel, plate, or manufacture, or ware what-
soever less in fineness than eleven ounces and two pennyweights of fine silver
in every pound weight troy ; nor sell, exchange, or keep or expose for sale,
or export or attempt to export out of Scotland, any gold vessel, plate, or
manufacture, or ware of gold whatsoever, wrought or made after 1st October,
1836, less in fineness than eighteen carats of fine gold in every pound weight
troy; nor sell, exchange, or keep or expose for sale, or export, or attempt
to export out of Scotland, any silver vessel, plate, or manufacture, or ware
of silver whatsoever, wrought or made after the said day, less in fineness than
eleven ounces and two pennyweights of fine silver in every pound weight troy;
and every goldsmith, silversmith, or other person, who shall after the said day,
upon pain that he shall for each piece of gold or silver plate so sold, ex-
changed, or kept or exposed for sale, or export, l or attempted to be exported,
forfeit a sum not exceeding 100l. 6 & and 7 Wili. 1, c. 69, § 1.
Earemptions as to marking gold and silver wares similar to those before men-
tioned. § 16 & 17.
Selling or eaporting Plate not duly marked to forfeit a sum not exceeding 100l.,
and shall also forfeit all such plate and ware. § 18.
Goldsmiths' Hall.—The drawback is paid at Goldsmiths' liall, although the
documents are issued from the Custom House.
Upon entry of gold and silver wares assayed in other places than in London, a
certificate of such assay must be produced previous to the oath of the exporter
being made as to the identity of the plate specified therein.
Wares with forged Marks.-Every dealer in gold or silver wares, who shall
sell or exchange, or expose or keep for sale, or shall export or import, or
attempt to export or import, from or to £ngland, or who shall have in his
possession without lawful excuse (the proof whereof shall lie upon him), any
ware of gold or silver, or any ware of base metal, having thereupon any mark
of any forged or counterfeit die or other instrument, or any forged or coun-
terfeit mark or imitation of a mark of any die or other instrument provided
by any of the several Companies of Goldsmiths and Guardians for marking
gold or silver wares, or having thereupon any mark which shall have been
transposed or removed thereto from any other ware of gold or silver, shall for
every such ware so sold or exchanged, or exposed or kept for sale, or exported
or imported, or attempted to be exported or imported, or which shall so be
in his possession as aforesaid, forfeit 101., which may be sued for and reco-
vered by any of the several Companies of Goldsmiths and Guardians. 7 & 8
Vict., c. 22, § 3. [4th July, 1844].
Dealers erempted in certain Cases.—Every such dealer in gold or silver wares
who shall have sold or exchanged, or exposed or kept for sale, or exported or
imported, or attempted to export or import, or had in his possession any such
ware of gold or silver, or any such ware of base metal, having thereupon any
mark of any such forged or counterfeited die or other instrument, or any such
forged or counterfeit mark or imitation of a mark, or any mark which shall
have been so transposed or removed thereto as aforesaid, and shall within
twenty-one days next after notice thereof to him given by any of the several
Companies of Goldsmiths or Guardians, or left at his usual place of abode, or
at any house, shop, or place, where he shall carry on or transact his trade or


200. UNITED KINGDOM.—ExpoRTs.--Tariff,” &c. [1845.
PLATE–continued. £ s. d.
business, discover to the Company of Goldsmiths or Guardians, in or nearest
to the city, town, or place, in which such person shall reside, or shall carry
on or transact his trade or business, the name and place of abode of the actual
manufacturer of any such ware of gold or silver, or ware of base metal, or of
the person from whom such dealer in gold or silver wares bought, had, or
received the same respectively, then such dealer shall be exempted from any
penalty or forfeiture incurred by reason of his having so sold &c. any such
watc.
Guity Knowledge.—Provided, that nothing herein shall extend to exempt any
person from the legal consequences of uttering or of having in his possession
any such ware, knowing the same to be marked with a forged or counterfeit
die or other instružent, or knowing the mark thereupon to be forged, coun-
terfeited, imitated, transpºsed, or relaoved, if such knowledge be duly proved
in any criminal prosecution or proceeding against such person for any such
offence. § {.
A car (ſold Mark.--From 1st October, 1814, there shall be struck or marked
by the Company of Goldsmiths in London, and by the several Companies of
(#4.ldsmiths in the cities of York, Exeter, Bristol, Chester, and Norwich,
and the town of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, and the Company of Guardians of the
standard of wrought plate in the town of Birmingham, upon all gold wares
of the standard or fineness of twenty-two carats of fine gold in every pound
troy, brought to them respectively to be assayed, the mark of a crown and the
figures 22, ºstead of the mark of the lion passant. § 15.
Pork. See Teef, p. 185.
Provisions, or any sort of victºals which inay be used as food by man, may
be prohibited to be exported, or waterhorne to be exported, on pain of
forfeitiro. 3 & 1 Will. 1, c. 52, § 104.
Scotcit BAR.I.Y. See Corn, p. 190.
Siirps. As to the ships in which goods may be CŞported, see p. 1.
SILK,
— Drawback Repealed.—Whereas certain drawbacks of the duties pay-
able on the importation of thrown silk are allowed upon the exportation of
silk goods manufactured in the United Kingdom; and it is expedient to
repeal such drawback, it is therefore enacted, that no such drawback shall
be allowed upon any such silk goods, the duty whereon shall have been
paid after the passing of this Act, 5 & 6 Vict, c. 47, § 57. [July 9, 1842.]
£ s. d.
- - - . 0 1 9
SKINs, cwt. - - -
SLATE, decmed ballast. See p. 181.
SOAP, Hard, for which the duty in respect thereof shall have
been paid or charged, and which shall be duly exported as
merchandise from Great Britain to foreign parts, or which
shall be shipped as stores of any vessel entitled to ship stores Esq.,
duty-free, or which shall be removed from Great Britain into Dºck.
Ireland, lb. . • - - - - . () () 1
. Soft, which shall be so exported, shipped, or removed, lb. 0 0 1
3 & 4 Vict., c. 49. [4 Aug. 1840.]
By T. O. Sept. 6, 1833, soap may be shipped for drawback on board transports, for the use of
troops, &c., in the same manner as ships' stores, by 2 & 3 Will. 4, c. 84. See PART VIII.
#
for ships' stores. See PART VIII.
Packing. Attendance of Officer, Weighing, &c.—Every person intending to
* * * *
* ADD 5 per cent. to all these Duties, Drawbacks and Bounties, as mentioned
p. 47.
For QUANTITIEs ExpoRTED, see Misceli,ANEous INForMATION, prefixed to
the Journal.
i


PART IV. UNITED KINGDOM.—Exports.—Tariff, &c. 201
SOAP—continued.
remove to Ireland, or to export any soap as merchandise, or to ship any soap as
stores, and obtain the drawback thereon, shall give twelve hours' notice of his
intention to pack the same for such removal, exportation, or shipment to the
proper officer of excise. 3 & 4 Vict., c. 49, § 57, [Aug. 4, 1840.]
Placing heavy Substance, &c., trith Soap ; erery such package, with the con-
tents thereof, shall be forfeited—and 200l., § 58.
Opening Packages, &c.—Illegally. Forfeiture, 200l.-And every such package,
with the contents thereof, shall be forfeited ; provided always, that it may be
lawful to open the packages of soap shipped as stores after the vessel shall have
sailed on her voyage. § 59.
Stores.—Soap to be shipped as stores on drawback shall be subject to all the
regulations and forfeitures contained in any Acts relating to the customs in respect
of goods shipped as stores, or duty free. § 65.
Drawback on Hard or Perſumed Soap, or not worth Duty.—No drawback
shall be payable for any hard soap, unless the same shall be packed in bars, or
parts of bars, or in cakes perfumed or scented, nor on any soap, unless the same
shall be worth, at the least, the duties of excise for home consumption. § 66.
Specific Gravity.—No drawback shall be payable on any hard soap which
shall be of a greater specific gravity than 1'22. § 67.
Fraudulently packing, shippiny, &c., to obtain Drawback.-Forfeiture treble
the amount of the drawback sought to be obtained, or 200l. at the election of the
Commissioners of Ercise, and all sueh soap, or other articles, shall be forfeited.
§ 68.
Allowances on Soap used in Manufactures.—Nothing in this Act shall repeal or
affect the Allowances of the duties of excise on all soap used in Great Britain in
the making of any cloths, serges, kerseys, baize, stockings, or other manufacture
of sheep or lambs' wool only, or manufactures whereof the greatest part of the
value of the materials shall be wool, or in the finishing of the said manufactures,
or preparing the wool for the same, or in whitening of new linen in the piece for
sale, or in preparing or finishing any manufactures from flax or cotton for sale, or
in the process of throwing, printing, or dyeing of silks or the regulations for
claiming and paying the allowances. § 71.
Commencement of Act.—This Act shall commence July 27, 1840. § 73.
AN Accou NT of all So AP Exported, and the Amount of Drawback
paid thereon.
Year ended 5th January, 1844.
Pounds Weight. Amount
-- -- -- ſ - - - - - of
Hard. | Soft. Drawback.
il) | |b & s. d.
l 1,772,941 - 8,826 96.983 l (; 4
G. A. Cottº ISL,
Accountant-General.
Excise Office, London,
l2th March, 1844.


202 UNITED KINGDOM.–ExpoRTs.—Tariff, &c. [1845,
SPIRITS.
ALLO WANCES.
By T. L., January 8, 1830, authority is given to make the following Allowances for deficiencies
in Foreign Spirits in Bond —
For every Hundred Gallons, Hydrometer Proof,
For any time not exceeding 6 months. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 1 gallon.
3 x exceeding 6, and not exceeding 18 months. . . . . . . . . . ... 3 gallons.
25 ,, 18 months 2 x 2 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 , ,
22 22 2 years 22 2%. , , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 ,,
3 * 33 24 years * x 3 , , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 ,
And for every additional year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . . . . . 2 , ,
As to Extra Allowances on Brandy, see p. 120.
Deficiencies.—By C. O., Oct. 11, 1834, no charge is to be made for any fractional part of a
gallon, in cases where the duty is due on deficiencies in warehoused spirits re-dipped for ex-
portation, unless the same shall exceed five-tenths of a gallon, either in liquid quantity or in
strength, as the case may be.
By T. O., Nov. 29, 1836, the duties are to be remitted upon deficiencies of spirits ascertained
previous to their delivery from warehouse for exportation, in cases in which such deficiencies
may exceed the scale of allowanees granted by the Warehousing Act, provided they be not
considered by the principal officers to be excessive.
Itum.—By T. O., Sept. 6, 1833, the duties on all deficiencies of British Plantation rum, arising
from matural causes, are allowed when taken out of Warehouse for exportation in the port of
Bristol, being the same indulgence as has been granted to the port of Liverpool, by T. O.,
Aug. 6, 1831.
Brandy.—By T. L., Dec. 17, 1827, brandy may be exported in casks containing 15 gallons im-
perial each, from Liverpool to Mexico, Chile, or Peru, for the convenience of transport into
the interior of those countries.
Remoral.-By C, O., August 5, 1828, rum warehoused at Bristol may be removed coastwise to
be shipped as stores on board vessels at the neighbouring ports in the i3ristol Channel,
upon condition that the casks of rum intended to be removed be filled up to the full
content previously to shipment, and that a bond be taken, as in case ci removal of goods
generally.
By C. ()., Aug. 15, 1832, bonded spirits may be removed for exportation, as merchandise to
Newport, Cardiff, Swansea, and Milford.
By C. O., February 19, 1833, the order of August 5, 1828, extended to all goods shipped as
stores. [See farther “ Stores” Part VIII.]
Packages.—By C, O., Oct. 20, 1835, packages from which warehoused spirits have been racked
or drawn off, or started and destroyed, may be delivered free of duty,
RACKING, &c.
It shall be lawful, under such regulations as the Commissioners cf Customs may
require, in the warehouse to draw off any rum of the British Plantations into
reputed quart bottles or reputed pint bottles, fºr the purpose only of being
exported from the warehouse; and also in the warehouse to draw off any such
rum into casks containing not less than 20 gallons each, for the purpose only
of being disposed of as stores for ships; and also in the warehouse to draw of
any other spirits into reputed quart bottles, under such regulations as the Com-
missioners of Customs shall from time to time direct, for the purpose only of
being exported from the warehouse; and also in the warehouse to fill up
any casks of spirits from any other casks of the same, respectively secured in
the same warehouse 3 & 4 Will. 4, c, 57, § 31, 32.
BRITISH SPIRITS.
By C. O., Dec. 5, 1838, British, f Irish, or Scotch spirits may be removed from a distiller’s
stock to a bonded warehouse, for the purpose of being mixed with foreign or colonial spirits
in bond for exportation.
This privilege, in the first instance, to be confined to the ports of
London. Dublin. Leith.
Liverpool. Belfast. Glasgow.
Bristol. Cork. Greenock.
Hull.
MIXEID SPIRITS.
By C.O., Dec. 5, 1838, the exportation of British, Irish, or Scotch spirits inixed with foreign
spirits, be not restricted to any specific period, no such restriction being enforced on foreign
spirits; but that no British spirits, after being entered with the customs for exportation only,
shall be delivered for home consumption.
By C. O., Jan. 5, 1839, British, Irish, and Scotch spirits may be mixed with foreign or colonial
spirits in bond, and are allowed to be shipped as stores, upon the condition that such spirits
shall be deemed to be foreign spirits, and be shipped in the proportions regulated by the
minute of Nov. 23, 1832.
+ So in the original.


PART IV.] UNITED KINGDOM.–ExpoRTs.-Tariff,” &c. 203
SPIRITS.–continued. £ s. d.
SPIRITS NOT BEING BRANDY,
By C. O., November 10, 1840, it having been represented to the Board that a quantity of foreign
spirits not sweetened, which had been intermixed with some ingredient for the purpose of
giving the spirits the flavour of rum, was recently exported from this country to one of the
British possessions in North America, and admitted to entry there, at the duty payable on
rum, instead of the higher duty which was legally due on the spirits, in consequence of the
said spirits having been erroneously warehoused here as rum, and cleared under that denomi-
nation for exportation; the idoard, with the view of preventing a similar occurrence, direct
that in all future cases such spirits be described in the entries for the same at the several
ports in the United Kingdom, as “Spirits or strong waters not being brandy, rum, or gin,
as commonly designated.”
STORES.
Spirits for Ships' Stores. See below and “Warehousing,” PART VIII.
STONE, CEMENT SToxE. By 5 & 6 Wict, c. 47, § 6. [July 30, 1812,
from the passing of this Act, the duty on Cement Stone, is repealed.
CLAY and CHINA Sºros r, exported to Foreign Countries,
cwt. - - - • • - . () () 3
FLINT (except for ballast), ground and unground, exported
to Foreign Countries, cwt. - - - . () () 6
STORES may be shipped without entry or payment of any duty for any
ship of the burden of 70 tons at least, bound upon a voyage to foreign
parts, the probable duration of which out and home will not be less than
40 days: provided always, that such stores shall be dily borne upon the
ship's victualling bill, and shall be shipped in such quantities, and subject
to such directions and regulations, as the Commissioners of Customs shall
direct and appoint. 3 & 4 Will. 4, c. 57, § 16.
— Any rum of the British Plantations may be delivered into the charge of the
searcher to be delivered as stores for any iiip without entry or payment of
any duty; and any surplus stores of any ship may be delivered into the
charge of the searcher to be re-shipped as stores for the same ship, or fºr the
same master in another ship, without entry or payment of any duty, such
rum and such surplus stores being duly borne upon the victualling bills of
such ships respectively; and if the ships for the future use of which any
surplus stores have been warehoused shall have been broken up or sold, such
stores may be so delivered for the use of any other ship belonging to the
same owners, or may be entered for payment of duty, and delivered for the
private use of such cwners, or any of them, or of the master or pursºr of such
ship. 3 & 3 Will 4, c. 57, § 17.
For list of goods allowed to be shipped as stores, see PART VIII.
— Military Stores and Naval Stores, and any articles (except copper)
which IIis Majesty shall judge capable of being converted into or made
useful in increasing the quantity of military or naval stores, may be pro-
hibited to be exported, or water-borne to be exported, by proclamation, or
order in council, on pain of forfeiture. 3 & 4 Will. 4, c. 52, § 104.
SUGAR.
-
Bouxties.
—— For every hundred weight of Refined Sugar in loaf, coin-
plete and whole, or lumps duly refined, having been perſectly
clarified and thoroughly dried in the stove, and being of a
uniform whiteness throughout, or such sugar pounded,
crashed, or broken, and also for every hundred weight of
Sugar Candy—
+ Teduced to 60 tºns.
* ADD 5 per cent to all these Duties, Drawbacks and Bounties, as mentioned
p. 47.
For QUANTITIES ExpoRTED, see Miscel LANEous INFortMATION, prºfired
to the Journal.


204 UNITED KINGDOM.–ExpoRTs.—Tariff,” &c. [1845.
SUGAR.—Bount IEs—continued. £ s. d.
—— if exported in a British ship - - - . 1 10 8
— if exported in ship not British . 1 9 2
and for every hundred weight of Double Refined Sugar,
or of Sugar equal in quality to double refined, the additional
sum of o - - - • o ... O 5 (t
1 & 2 Vict, c. 33. [July 4, 1838.]
By 7 & 8 Vict., c. 28, § 9. [July 4, 1844], the respective
bounties now payable on sugar, shall continue to be allowed
and paid so long as the duties on the importation of sugar
shall remain in force or be further continued by any Act
hereafter to be passed.
Standard Sample Loaves of Patent Sugar.—There shall be provided, by
and at the expense of the Committee of Sugar Refiners in London, and
in like manner, by and at the expense of the Committee of Merchants
in Dublin, as many loaves or lumps of sugar made upon the Patent
Principle, and equal in quality to double refined sugar, as the com-
missioners of customs shall think necessary, which loaves or lumps,
when approved of by the commissioners, shall be deemed to be Standard
Samples, one of which loaves or lumps shall be lodged with the said
committees respectively, and one other with such persons as the com-
missioners shall direct, for the purpose of comparing therewith sugar in
respect of which bounty is claimed, prepared after the Patent Principle,
and equal in quality to double refined sugar; and fresh Standard
Samples shall in like manner be again furnished by such committees re-
spectively, and in like manner lodged, whenever it may be deemed
expedient by the commissioners: Provided that no loaf or lum of sugar
shall be deemed to be a proper sample loaf or lump of sugar equal to
double refined unless it be a loaf or lump complete, nor unless the same
shall have been prepared accordingly after the Patent Principle. 5 & 6
Vict, c. 47, § 51. [July 9. 1842.]
Sugar not equal to Standard.—In case any sugar which shall be entered
in order to obtain the bounty as sugar equal in quality to double refined
sugar, and made upon the Patent Principle, shall, on examination by
the proper officer, be found to be of a quality not equal to such Standard
Sample, all sugar so entered shall be forfeited, and shall and may be
seized. § 55.
Bond for due Eaportation.—The exporter of any goods in respect of which
any bounty is claimed under this Act, or the person in whose name the
same are entered outwards, shall, at the time of entry and before cocket be
granted, give security by bond in double the value of the goods, with one
sufficient surety, that the same shall be duly exported to the place for
which they entered, or be otherwise accounted for to the satifaction of the
Commissioners of Customs, and shall not be relanded in the United King-
* By C. O., January 29, 1830, the single refined bounty is to be allowed on stamped loaves
of sugar, provided the same are equal in quality to the standard sample of double refined
sugar.
By C. O., July 13, 1830, the Board having had under consideration the practice of deducting
two ounces upon every hundred weight from the met weight of crashed sugar exported for
the bounty, in consideration of the increase of weight by dirt which was supposed to adhere
to the shoes of the labourers, and to be mixed with the sugar in the process of crashing;
and as it appears from the manner in which sugar is now crashed, whether by machinery or
by hand, that very little if any dirt is admitted into the sugar, the Board direct, that the
practice of deducting two ounces per cwt, from the net weight of crashed sugar for waste be
discontinued.
* ADD 5 per cent. to all these Duties, Drawbacks and Bounties, as meretioned
p. 47.
For QUANTITIEs ExpoRTED, see Miscº LLANEous INFor MATION, prefired to
the Journal,


PART IV.] UNITED KINGDOM.—ExpoRTs.—Tariff, &c. 205
SUGAR–continued.
dom, or landed in the Isle of Man, unless expressly entered to be exported
thereto. § 3.
Candy.—No bounty shall be given upon the exportation of any refined sugar
called candy, unless it be properly refined and manufactured, and free from
dirt and scum, and packed in packages each of which shall contain half a
hundred weight of such candy at the least. § 4.
(Crashed.—If any sugar in lumps or loaves is to be pounded, crashed, or
broken before the same be exported, for the bounty payable thereon, such
lumps or loaves shall, after due entry thereof, be lodged in some warehouse,
provided by the exporter and approved by the Commissioners of Customs for
such purpose, to be then first examined by the officers of customs while in
such lumps or loaves, as if for immediate shipment, and afterwards to be
there pounded, crashed, or broken, and packed for exportation, in the
presence of such officers, and at the expense of the exporter; and such sugar
shall be kept in such warehouse and be removed from thence for shipment,
and be shipped under the care and in the charge of the searchers, in order that
the shipment and the exportation thereof may be duly certified by them upon
the debenture, according to the quality ascertained by them of the same while
in such lumps or loaves. § 5
Stowing different sorts of Crashed Sugar. Quality.—-The different sorts of such
sugar shall be kept apart from each other in such manner and in such distinct
rooms or divisions of such warehouse as shall be directed and appointed by
the Commissioners of Customs; and if any sort of such sugar be found in
any part of such warehouse appointed for the keeping of sugar of a sort supe-
rior in quality thereto, the same shall be forfeited ; and if any sort of such
sugar be brought to such warehouse to be pounded, crashed, or broken, which
shall be of a quality inferior to the sort of sugar expressed in the entry for the
same, such sugar shall be forfeited. § 6.
Standard Sample Loaves. Process of Refinement.—There shall be provided by,
and at the expense of the committee of sugar-refiners in London, and in like
manner by and at the expense of the committee of merchants in Dublin, as
many loaves of double-refined sugar, prepared in manner hereinafter directed,
as the commissioners of customs shall think necessary; which loaves, when
approved of by the said commissioners, shall be deemed to be standard
samples; one of which loaves shall be lodged with the said committees respec-
tively, and one other with such persons as the commissioners shall direct, for
the purpose of comparing therewith double-refined sugar, or sugar equal in
quality to double-refined sugar entered for exportation for the bounty; and
fresh standard samples shall in like manner be again furnished by such com-
mittees respectively, and in like manner lodged, whenever it may be deemed
expedient by the commissioners : Provided that no loaf of sugar shall be
deemed to be a proper sample loaf of double-refined sugar as aforesaid, if it
be of greater weight than fourteen pounds, nor unless it be a loaf complete
and whole, nor unless the same shall have been made by a distinct second pro-
cess of refinement from a quantity of single refined sugar, every part of which
had first been perfectly clarified and duly refined, and had been made into
loaves or lumps which were of a uniform whiteness throughout, and had been
thoroughly dried in the stove. § 7.
Sugar not equal to Standard.—In case any sugar which shall be entered in order
to obtain the bounty on double-refined sugar, or sugar equal in quality to
double-refined sugar, shall, on examination by the proper officer, be found to
be of a quality not equal to such standard sample, all sugar so entered shall
be forfeited. § 8.
W_AREI IGUSRNG FOR REFINEMIENT.
Premises for Bonded Suſar-houses.—Upon the application to the Commis-
sioners of Customs of any person actually carrying on the business of a
sugar-refiner in the ports of London, Liverpool, Bristol, Hull, Greenock,
or Glasgow, or any other port to be approved of by the Lords of the
Treasury, it shall be lawful for the Commissioners of Customs, by their


206 UNITED KINGDOM.–ExpoRTs.—Tariff, &c. [1845.
SUGAR–continued
order, to approve of such premises as bonded sugar-houses for the refining
of sugar for exportation only, on it being made appear to the satisfaction of
the said Commissioners, that the premises are fit in every respect for receiving
such sugars, and wherein the same may be safely deposited. 3 & 4 Will. 4,
c. 61, § 1.
Hour Sugar may be delirered to be Refined.—On the approval of any premises
as bonded sugar-houses as aforesaid it shall be lawful for the officers of
customs at the ports respectively where such premises are situated to deliver,
without payment of duty, to the party or parties so applying as aforesaid, on
entry with the proper officer of customs, any quantity of foreign sugar, or of
sugar the produce of any British Possession, for the purpose of being there
refined, under the locks of the Crown, for exportation only; and all sugars
so delivered shall be lodged and secured in such premises, under such con-
ditions as the said Commissioners shall from time to time direct: provided,
that it shall be lawful for the Commissioners, by their order, to revoke or
alter any former order of approval of any such premises. § 2.
Refiner to ſire Bond. Process ºf Refinement. Time for Export, &c.—
Upon the entry of sugar to be refined in any premises approved of under the
authority of this Act, the refiner on whose premises the same is to be refined
shall give bond to the satisfaction of the officers of customs, in the penalty of
double the amount of the duty payable upon a like quantity of sugar of the
British Plantations, with a condition that the whole of such sugar shall be
actually subjected to the process of refinement upon the said premises, and
that within four months from the date of such bond the whole of the refined
sugar and treacle produced by such process shall be either duly exported
from the said prº mises, or delivered into an approved bonded ware!, use,
Runder the locks ºf the Crown, for the purpose of being eventually exported
to foreign parts. § 3.
By C. O., dated Dec. 27, 1830, it having been represented to the Board that in some instances
the scum of sugar refined in bond contains so great a proportion of saccharine matter as to
render it, on removal from the sugar-refineries, fit for other purposes than manure, for which
it was alo', considered appli ºle, in future the refiners are required, prior to scum being
removed from their premises, to sprinkle the same with tar-water, so as to render it fit for
manure only.
Sugar-houses, and delir, ry of Sugar. --By C. O., Oct. 1, 1833, it is directed that the sugar-
houses intended for approval should be cit’ler detached, or otherwise so separated as to pre-
vent any co, ºmunication with other reſideries and more especially if in the occupation of
the sai: , … tzes , and to be in all re: lects secured, <s far as may be lºraeticable, according
to the liºde closerved with rega: i to bonded war hºuses of ordinary security ; and to be
freed from all sugar, molasses, tr. 9:le, scuin or oth, r saccharitic matter, previous to any
sitº.it ;...,n t!e bonded warehous: s h ºr rceeived into them for the purposes intended.
That a warrant of entry be issued to authorise the proper warehouse-officers to deliver a defi-
nite quantity of sugar, for which honºl shall have been given pursuant to the foregoing Act
of 3 & 1 Will. 1, c. 61, into the bonded six gar-houses to be refined. That, on the receipt of
such warrant, the w arch9:18, -oficºr, shºuld issue orders accordingly ; and that it be made a
condition in the bondis intº all ºf firiºriº's arisins in the transit from the bonded warehouses
to the sugar-refineries, should be charged with duty.
By C. O., Sept. 3, 1839, sugar partly refined in one bonded sugar-house, is allowed to be
removed to another such sugar-house to be further relined, under the following regulations,
viz.:-
That a request in writing be made by the party intending to remove the sugar, to the control-
ler of accounts, specifying by whom. and to what refinery, the sugar is to be removed.
That an order he then issued to the locker to weigh the sugar; and, upon the weight being
ascertained, a bond, according to the form annexed, be given by the refiner into whose
refinery the sugar is to be removed.
That, upon such bond being entered into, a further order be issued to the locker to allow the
sugar to be removed under the charge of an officer, at the expense of the party, the quantity
so removed to be considered as delivered into a bonded warehouse from the sugar-house in
which it was first deposited. -
Box D.—The conditions of the bond are, that if all the deſiciencies of duty arising in the tram-
sit of the said sugar from the said bºnded sugar-house of
to the said boilded sugar-house of shall be duly paid to the
collector of the customs at the said port of within
from the date of these presents— -
And if the whole of such sugar shall be actually subject to the process of refinement upon the
said last-mentioned premises—and if within four months from the date of the entry of such
sugar, the whole of the refined sugar and treacle produced from such process shall be either
duly exported from the said last-mentioned premises, or delivered into an approved bonded
warehouse, under the locks of the Crown, for the purpose of being eventually exported to
foreign parts—then this obligation to he void, otherwise to be and remain in full force and
virtue.


PART IV.] UNITED KINGDOM.–ExpoRTs.—Tariff, &c. 207
SUGAR–continued.
MOLASSES.
By T. L., April 5, 1841, molasses may be refined in the bonding premises which have been
approved for refining sugar, under the conditions and regulations applicable to sugar.
REMOVAL.
By T. L., Sept. 2, 1839, the indulgence of removing coastwise under hond, for the conve-
nience of exportation, of refined and bastard sugar, the produce of foreign sugar refined in
bond, is extended to such sugar in a crashed state, upon a sample of the sugar in each cask
being previously taken, and the parties being subject to the regulations expressed in T. O.,
Dec. 24, 1838.-Sce Sugar, in PART W., CoAs Twis E.
ALLOWANCES.
By T. L., Nov. 20, 1834, the same indulgence is granted to sugar taken out of warehouses not
being of special security for exportation, or to be used as ships' stores, as is granted by 3
& 4 Will. 4, c. 57, § 19, in respect of sugar taken out for home use. See p. 173.
IDEFICIENCY
By T. L., 18th Aug., 1844, on an application praying to be relieved from payment of the duty
on certain quantities of bastard sugar and treacle, being the deficiency which has arisen
from sundry parcels of those articles produced from foreign sugar refined in bond, and depo-
sited in warehouse for the purpose of exportation, it is directed, that, in the present case,
and in all similar cases, in which there may be no reason to suspect fraud, the duty be
remitted, without exposing the revenue to risk.
TEA.
Increase and Decrease.-By C. O., March 2, 1836, tea entered for exportation is to be pre-
viously weighed, and any deficiency of the landing quantity charged with duty, unless such
tea be deposited in a warehouse of special security, when packages of tea of the same parcel
and description, and belonging to the same inward entry, are re-weighed for exportation,
the total increase in weight of the packages in which there may be any increase should be
set off against the total deficiency of those packages found deficient; and when the total
deficiency is greater than the total increase, the duty to be charged on the difference only,
provided the increase or deficiency of any single package does not exceed 2 lb.
for ships' stores. See Part VIII.
TORACCO.
By C. O., July 9, 1837, the separate declaration of the exporter on the shipment of manuſae-
tured tobacco for drawback is discontinued.
By T. O., Sept. 6, 1833, roll tobacco allowed to be shipped for drawback on board transports
for the use of troops, &c., in the same manner as the indulgence in rºspec, to the shipment
of stores which has been granted to merchant vessels under the Act 2 & 3 Will. 4, c. 84.
PART VIII.
By C. O., Sept. 23, 1839, samples of unmanufactured tº acco are allowed to be exported in
packages containing 2010, in lieu of 100%. as heretofore.
By C. ()., Oct. 28, 1840, debentures for the drawback on exportation of manufactured tobacco,
whether as merchandise or ship's stores, are to be assed, subject to the following regula-
tions, ric. :--
That the shipper in cach case shall produce to the officers a declaration of the manufacturer set-
ting forth the quantity of the manufactured tobacco, the date when the same was forwarded
to the shipper, and the quality of the leaf tobacco out of which it was manufactºred, also
setting forth the port where the duty was paid, and the date of the entry : and that the ship-
per shall make a declaration that the manufactured tobacco about to be exported is the same
mentioned in the declaration of the manufacturer.
Samples of unmanufactured tobacco may be exported in packages of 20.5, each. See p. 110.
for ships' stores, see PART VIII.
for rate of Drawback, see p. 110.
Tobacco for Use of Nary.—It shall be lawful for the purser of any of His
Majesty's ship of war in actual service, to enter and ship at the ports of
Rochester, Portsmouth, or Plymouth, in the proportions hereinafter men-
tioned, any tobacco there warehoused in his name, or transferred into his
name, for the use of the ship in which he shall serve; provided such purser
shall deliver to the collector or controller of such port a certificate from the
captain of such ship, stating the name of the purser, and the number of men
belongine to the ship, and shall also give bond, with ºne sufficient surety, in
treble the duties payable on the tobace , thirt no part ther, of shall be re-
Panded in the United Kingdom without lease of the officers of the customs,
or be landed in either of the islands of (tu, insey, Jersey, Alderney, Sark or
Man. 3 & 4 Will. 4, c. 52, § 99.
From one Ship to another. Parehousing Act.–If any purser be removed


208 UNITED KINGDOM.–Exports—Tariff, &c. [1845.
TOBACCO-continued.
from one ship to another, it shall be lawful for the collector and controller of
the port where such ships shall be to permit the transhipment of the remains
of any such tobacco for the use of such other ship upon due entry of such
tobacco by such purser, setting forth the time when and the port at which
such tobacco was first shipped; and if any such ship be paid off, it shall be
lawful for the collector and controller of any port where such ship shall be
paid off to permit the remains of any such tobacco to be landed, and to be
entered by the purser of such ship, either for payment of duties or to be
warehoused for the term of six months, for the supply of some other such
ship, in like manner as any toº::cco may be warehoused and supplied at either
of the ports beforementiºn:cil, or for payment of all duties within six months;
provided that all tobacco warehoused for the purpose of so supplying His
Majesty's ships of war shall be subject to the provisions of this Act made for
the warehousing of tobacco generally, as far as the same are applicable, and
are not expressly altered by any of the provisions herein particularly made.
§ 100.
Quantity. Account.—No greater quantity of such tobacco shall be allowed
to any ship of war than two pounds by the lunar month for each of the crew
of such ship, nor shall any greater quantity be shipped at any one time than
sufficient to serve the crew of such ship for six months after such rate of
allowance; and the collector and controller of the port at or from which any
such tobacco shall be supplied to any such ship, or landed from any such
ship, or transferred from one ship to another, shall transmit a particular
account thereof to the Commissioners of Customs, in order that a general
account may be kept of all the quantities supplied to and consumed on board
each of such ships under the allowances before granted. § 10].
WATch Es. See C.I.ocks, p. 187.
WINE. For any wine lodged in warehouses, not being declared to be of
special security, the following allowances for natural waste in proportion
to the time during which any such goods shall have remained in the
warehouse shall be made, viz.:-
upon every cask, clz. :—
for any time not exceeding 1 year - - 1 gallon.
—— exceeding 1 year, and not exceeding 2 years . 2 gallons.
exceeding 2 years - - e - 3 gallons.
It shall be lawful, under such regulations as the Commissioners of
Customs may from time to time require, in the warehouse to draw off any
wine into reputed quart bottles or reputed pint bottles, for the purpose
only of being exported from the warehouse, 3 & 4 Will. 4, c. 57, § 31,
32, 40.
Bond.—No bond shall be required for wine entered outwards for the
purpose of obtaining drawback. 6 & 7 Vict, c. 84, § 9. [22 Aug.,
1843.]
I)eficiencies.—By C. O., October 11, 1834, no charge is to be made for any ſractional part of a
gallon, in cases where the duty is due on deficiencies, in warehoused wine re-dipped for ex-
portation, unless the same shall exceed five-tenths of a gallon, either in liquid quantity or in
strength, as the case may be. - -
Removal.—By C. O., Aug. 24, 1833, bonded wine may be removed from Bristol to Newport,
Cardiff, Swansea, and Milford, for the purposes of exportation as merchandise, under the same
regulations as bonded spirits. - -
Packages.—By C. ()., Oct. 20, 1835, packages from which warehoused wine has been racked
or drawn off, or started and destroyed, may be delivered free of duty.
JDrawback-by C. O., Feb. 26, 1836, the quantity of wine in bottles entered for the drawback
should in every case be ascertained, by actual experiment, and the quantity inserted by the
searchers on the cocket and bill. - -
Certain wines ea empt from re-eramination.—By C. O., April 6, 1836, wines of delicate and
high quality, and such as are usually imported in bottle, and exported in the original pack-
age, exempted from the examination directed as above, provided the examining officers be
satisfied ...} the capacity of the bottles and of the original packages.
As to Ships' Stores, see WAREliousing. PART VIII.


PART IV.] UNITED KINGDOM.—Exports.--Tariff, &c. 209
WINE–continued.
DRAwback to NAVAL AND MILITARY OFFICERs.
—— of the whole of the duties of customs, shall be allowed for wine in-
tended for the consumption of officers of His Majesty's navy, on board
such of His Majesty's ships in actual service as they shall serve in, not
exceeding the quantities of wine, in any one year, for the use of such
officers hereinafter respectively mentioned, viz. –
For every Admiral . - - - 1260 gallons.
32 Vice-Admiral - - - 1950 ,
22 Rear-Admiral • - - 840 ,
y? Captain of the first and second rates 630 ,,
22 Captain of the third, fourth, and fifth rates 420 ,
22 Captain of an inferior rate . - 210 ,
2: Lieutenant, and other commanding officer,
and for every marine officer - 105 ,
Provided always, that such wine be shipped only at one of the ports here-
inafter mentioned, viz.: London, Rochester, Deal, Dover, Portsmouth,
Plymouth, Yarmouth, Falmouth, Belfast, Dublin, Cork, Leith, Glasgow,
or Liverpool." 3 & 4 Will. 4, c. 52, § 96.
The person entering such Wine, and claiming the drawback for the same, shall
state in the entry and declare on the debenture, the name of the officer for
whose use such wine is intended, and of the ship in which he serves; and
such wine shall be delivered into the charge of the officers of customs at the
port of shipment, to be secured in the king's warehouse until the same shall
be shipped under their care; and such officers having certified upon the de-
benture the receipt of the wine into their charge, the debenture shall be com-
puted and passed, and be delivered to the person entitled to receive the same.
§ 97.
If any officer shall leave the service, or be removed to another ship, it shall be
lawful for the officers of customs at any of the ports before mentioned to
permit the transfer of any such wine from one officer to another, as part of
his proportion, whether on board the same ship or another, or the tranship-
ment from one ship to another for the same officer, or the re-landing and
warehousing for future re-shipment; and it shall also be lawful for the officers
of customs at any port to receive back the duties for any of such wine, and
deliver the same for home use: Provided that, if any of such wine be not
laden on board the ship for which the same was intended, or be unladen from
such ship without permission of the proper officer of customs the same shall
be forfeited. § 98.
By C. O., March 29, 1821, in all cases that may occur of wine shipped by naval officers from
their private stock, the drawback is to be allowed only in those instances where the wine shall
have been imported by themselves for their own use and consumption on board one of Her
Majesty's ships in actual service: and then not unless it be shipped, if in cask, in a quantity
of not less than thirty gallons, and if in bottles of ten dozen, and be delivered into the cus.
tody of the collector and controller of customs at one of the enumerated ports, within three
years from the date of importation. - - - -
By C.O., December 15, 1812, the Lords of the Treasury having taken into consideration the
subject of allowing the drawback on wine to military officers on their embarkation for foreign
service, who are not entitled to it by Act of Parliament, their Lordships think it right to lay
down a rule that in future application must be made by the officers, themselves, and the
quantities shipped must appear to be proportionate to the length of the voyage about to be
undertaken, §. any drawback shall be allowed. . In the event of officers being suddenly
ordered for embarkation, they must address themselves to their Lordships, and depend for
the success of their application on the moderation of their several requests.
REVENUE CRUISERS.
By C. O., Sept. 18, and Dec. 11, 1817, officers commanding revenue cruisers, whether holding
Admiralty or revenue commissions, may receive the same allowance of wine, duty free, from
their ordinary ports of rendezvous, as they would if serving on board men-of-war, for their
absolute consumption on board, in conformity with the rate, and under the regulations of the
Act of Parliament.
* 5 & 6 Wict., c. 47, § 22. July 9, 1842.


210 UNITED KINGDOM.–Exports-Tariff,” &c. [1845
WIRE Gold Thread, Gold Lace, or Gold Fringe, made of plate- £ s. d.
wire spun upon silk, such plate-wire being made of wire made
in Great Britain, lb. drawback - - - . 0 15 4
— Silver Thread, Silver Lace, or Silver Fringe, made of plate-
wire spun upon silk, such plate-wire being made of silver wire
made in Great Britain, lb. drawback - - . () 11 6
By 7 Geo. 4, c. 53, § 6, the drawbacks on gilt wire, silver wire, and big wire are
repealed.
WOOD.
Repeal of Drawback on Deals and Timber used in Mines.—Whereas certain
drawbacks of the duties are payable on the importation of deals and timber
used in the mines of tin, lead, or copper in the counties of Devon or Corn-
wall, or in Ireland; and it is expedient to repeal such drawbacks, it is
therefore enacted, that no such drawbacks shall be allowed upon any such
deals or timber the duty whereon shall have been paid on or after 10th of
October, 1842. 5 & 6 Vict, c. 17, § 57. [July 9, 1812.]
* ADD 5 per cent. to all these Dutics, Drawbacks and Bounties, as mentioned
p. 47.
For QUANTITIEs IM ported, see Miscell.AN Fows INForty Arios, prefired to
the Journal.


P A R T T H E FIFT H.
UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN
AND IRELAN ID.
COASTWISE.
IPhat deemed Coasting Trade. Beyond Seas.--All trade by sea from any
one part of the United Kingdom to any other part thereof, or from one
part of the Isle of Man to another thereof, shall be deemed to be a
coasting trade, and all ships while employed therein shall be deemed to
be coasting ships; and no part of the United Kingdom, however situated
with regard to any other part thereof, shall be deemed in law, with
reference to each other, to be parts beyond the seas in any manner re-
lating to the trade or navigation or revenue of this realm. 3 & 4 Will.4
c. 52, § 105.
JPhat deemed Trading by Sea.—And whereas some parts of the coast of
the United Kingdom may be so situated with regard to other neigh-
bouring parts thereof that doubts may arise in some cases whether the
passage between them by water shall be deemed to be a passage by sea
within the meaning of this Act, and that in other cases, although such
passsage be by sea, it may be unnecessary for the purposes of this Act,
or of any Act relating to the customs, to subject ships passing between
such places to the restraints of coast regulations, it shall be lawful for
the Commissioners of IIis Majesty's Treasury to determine and direct in
what cases the trade by water from any place on the coast of the United
Kingdom to another of the same shall or shall not be deemed a trade by
sea within the meaning of this Act, or of any Act relating to the cus-
toms. § 106.
Coasting Ship. Unlading Goods from Beyond Seas. Deviation of
Voyage.—No goods shall be carried in any coasting ship except such as
shall be laden to be so carried at some place in the United Kingdom, or
at some place in the Isle of Man, respectively; and no goods shall be
laden on board any ship to be carried coastwise until all goods brought
in such ship from parts beyond the seas shall have been unladen; and
if any goods be taken into or put out of any coasting ship at sea or over
the sea, or if any coasting ship shall touch at any place over the sea, or
deviate from her voyage, unless forced by unavoidable circumstances,
or if the master of any coasting ship which shall have touched at any
place over the sea shall not declare the same in writing under his hand
to the collector or controller at the port in the United Kingdom, or in
the Isle of Man, where such ship shall afterwards first arrive, the
master of such ship shall forfeit 2001. § 107,
1, 2


212 UNITED KINGDOM.–CoAstwise.—Entry, &c. [1845.
=======----------—
Prohibited Goods,--Whenever any goods which may be prohibited to be
exported by proclamation or by order in council under the authority of
this Act shall be so prohibited, it shall be lawful in such proclamation
or order in council, to prohibit or restrict the carrying of such goods
coastwise, and if any such goods shall be carried coastwise, or shall be
shipped or water-borne to be carried coastwise, contrary to any such
prohibition or restriction, the same shall be forfeited. § 108.
JDues of the City of London.---For the purpose of enabling the mayor and
commonalty and citizens of the city of London, and their successors, to
ascertain and collect the amount of the dues payable to them upon the
several articles hereinafter mentioned, imported coastwise into the port
of London, it is enacted, that if all or any of the goods of the description
hereinafter mentioned, viz. –firkins of butter, tons of cheese, fish, eggs,
salt, fruit, roots eatable, and onions, brought coastwise into the port of
the said city, and which are liable to the said dues, shall be landed or
unshipped at or in the said port before a proper certificate of the pay-
ment of the said duties shall have been obtained, such goods shall he
forfeited. § 110.
STEAM VESSELS AND SAILING VESSELS TO BE (). N THE LIKE FOOTING
COASTWISE.
By C. O., October 30, 1832, the Board having had under consideration a representation from
the owners of certain trading vessels, complaining of their being injured by the conveyance
of merchandise on board steam vessels, which are not liable to coast regulations,—the Board
direct that steam vessels and sailing vessels employed in the conveyance of passengers and
their baggage coastwise, from one port to another, he placed precisely upon the same
footing, and that in neither case the baggage and effects of passengers be subjected to coast
regulations, or the vessels to tonnage duty; and that all articles of apparel, household
furniture, liquors, or provisions, taken by passengers for their private use, or small quan-
tities of shop goods taken by tradesmen who may be passengers on board such vessel, should
be considered as baggage, and exempt from coast regulations; but where either steam
vessels or sailing vessels carry goods for freight, although the owner may be a passenger,
such vessels and goods should be subject to the coast regulations and to the tonnage duty.
ROYAL YACHT CLU B.
By C. O., August 8, 1827, May 24, 1832, June 13, 1833, and March 26, 1834, the members
of the yachts belonging to the Royal Yacht Club, the Royal Western Yacht Club, the Royal
Irish Yacht Club, and the Western Yacht Club of Ireland, may be permitted to move their
household furniture and other articles, from place to place, in their yachts, without taking
out a coasting license, the said articles being for their own and sole use.
COALS.
TO THE MASTERS AND OWNERS OF COLLIERS AND OTHER WESSELS : —
Notice is hereby given, that under the authority of the Act of Parliament of the 1st and 2nd
Will. 4, cap. 76, and 1st and 2nd Vict, cap. 101, the master or owner of every vessel laden
with coals, imported or brought into the port of London, is liable to a penalty of any sum
not exceeding 25l., if the bulk of any such ship shall be broken before the duties, payable
in respect of such coals shall be paid. Upon the payment of the duties at the coal market
a permit to unload will be given. After this notice proceedings will be taken to enforce the
full penalty against any offender.
Guildhall, London, July 30, 1841. CIIARLEs PEAR'son, City Solicitor.
SUGAR AND MOLASSES,
By T. L., Dec. 25, 1838, authority is given to permit refined and bastard sugar and molasses
the produce of foreign sugar, refined, in bond, under the Act 3 & 4 Will. 4, c. 61, to be
removed coastwise, upon the following conditions, viz., that the gross weight and tare be
marked on each cask, and a sample loaf (of each quality) selected by the officers in the
presence of the proprietor, and transmitted, under seals of office, to the collector and
controller at the port to which the sugar is destined, with the usual letter of advice (as in
cases of bonded goods); that, on arrival there, each package be weighed, opened, and
examined with the loaf transmitted, in order to ascertain identity; and that the party be
held liable to payment of duty, on any deficiency that may arise in the transit, at the rate
imposed on foreign sugar, not being refined, on importation.
By C. O., Jan. 19, 1839, with reference to the T. L., of Dec. 24, 1838, molasses are allowed to
be removed coastwise, under bond, under the regulations specified therein in regard to
refined sugar, and also on condition that the parties be held responsible for the payment of
the duty on any deficiency that may arise during the transit, at the rate imposed on foreign
molasses, viz., ll, 3s. 9d, the cwt. and 5 per cent.


PART V.] UNITED KINGDOM.–CoAstwise.—Entry, &c. 213
By C. O., Jam. 19, 1839, molasses are allowed to be removed coastwise, under the regulations
of the C. O., dated Dec. 1838, in regard to refined sugar, and on condition that the parties
be held responsible for the payment of the duty on any deficiency that may arise during the
transit, at the rate imposed on foreign molasses, viz., Il. 3s. 9d, the cwt. and 5 per cent,
TIMBER, &c., FOR RAILWAYS,
By C. O., Sept, 24, 1840, it appearing that additional facility, would be afforded to the
coasting trade, by allowing native timber and wood, intended to be used for pit props
and sleepers for railroads, to be added to the list of articles exempt from coast regula-
§: on removal from port to port in the United Kingdom, the Board see no objection
thereto,
TOBACCO,
As to tobacco removed under bond, see IMP obts, Class XVII.


P A R T T H E S I XT H.
UNITEi) KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN
AND IRELAND.
LONDON.
The resort and mart of all the earth.-Cowper
TONNAGE RATES.*
[4 & 5 Will. 4, c. 32.]
First Class.--For every vessel trading coastwise between the
port of London, and any place in Great Britain, Ireland, the
Orkneys, Shetland, or the Western Islands of Scotland, for
every voyage both in and out of the said port, the ton
Second Class.-For every vessel entering inwards, or clearing
outwards in the said port from or to Denmark, Norway, or
Lapland (on this side of the North Cape), or from Holstein,
Hamburgh, Bremen, or any other part of Germany, bordering
on or near the Germanic Ocean, or from or to Holland or any
any other of the United Provinces, or Brabant, Antwerp,
Flanders, or other parts of the Netherlands, or from or to
France (within Ushant), Guernsey, Jersey, Alderney, Sark,
or the Isle of Man, for every voyage both in and out of the
said port, the ton . - - - - -
Third Class.-For every vessel entering inwards, or clearing
outwards in the said port from or to Lapland (beyond the
North Cape), Finland, Russia (without or within the Baltic
Sea), Livonia, Courland, Poland, Prussia, Sweden, or any
other country or place within the Baltic Sea, for every voyage
both in and out of the said port, the ton - -
Fourth Class.-For every vessel entering inwards or clearing
outwards in the said port from or to France (between Ushant
and Spain), Portugal, Spain (without the Mediterranean), or
any of the Azores, Madeira, or Canary islands, or any of the
United States of America, or of the British Colonies, or Pro-
vinces in North America or Florida, there shall be paid for
every voyage both in and out of the said port, the ton
f s. d
0 0 0;
0 0 0,
0 0 0}
0 0 0}
* By 5 & 6 Vict. c. 47, § 26, [July 9, 1842] no tonnage rate shall be payable under the above
Act on vessels entering inward or clearing outwards in cases where the cargoes are reported for
exportation, and ultimately the vessels leave the Port without breaking bulk, or taking in mer-
chandise for the purpose of exportation.


PART VI.] UNITED KINGDOM-Tonnage RATEs, &c, 215
LoNDoN TonxAGE RATEs—continued.
Fifth Class.-For every vessel entering inwards or clearing out-
wards in the said port from or to Greenland, Gibraltar, France
or Spain (within the Mediterranean), or any country, island,
port or place within or bordering on or near the Mediter-
ranean, or Adriatic Sea, or from the West Indies, Louisiana,
Mexico, South America, Africa, East India, China, or any
other country, island, or place within or bordering on or near
the Pacific Ocean, or from any other country, island, or place
whatsoever to the southward of twenty-five degrees of north
latitude, for every voyage both in and out of the said port, the
ton e - - • - - . 0 0 03
The said duties shall be under the management of the Commissioners of
Customs, and shall be received and recovered in the same manner as any
duties of customs are or can be received or recovered. § 4.
Exemptions.—This Act shall not extend to charge with any of the said rates
any of His Majesty's ships of war, or any vessel whatsoever being the pro-
perty of His Majesty, or of any of the Royal Family, nor to charge
therewith any vessel coming to or going coastwise from the port of
London to any part of Great Britain, unless such vessel shall exceed forty-
five tons register tonnage, nor any vessel bringing corn coastwise, the
principal part of whose cargo shall consist of corn, nor any fishing smacks,
lobster, and oyster boats, or vessels for passengers, nor any vessel or craft
navigating the river Thames, above and below London bridge as far as
Gravesend only, nor any vessel entering the port of London inwards, or
going from the port of London outwards when in ballast. § 5.
DUTIES FOR LIGHTS, BUOYS, &c., IN ENGLAND.
OVERSEA GENERAL PASSING LIGHTS, &c.
RATE PER TON.
—,
Foreign Unprivi-
leged Vessels.
r——
British and Foreign
Privileged Vessels.
EAST COAST. d. d.
Fern . . . . . 3 Light Houses . . three-fourths one and a half
Coquet . . . . 1 Light House . . one half one penny
- - ----- one eighth and one fourth and
Teignmouth . . . 1 Light House ł ls. per vessel : 3s. per vessel.
Flambro' . . . . 1 Light House . . one-fourth one-half
Spurn Shore . . . 2 Light Houses . . one half one penny
Spurn Floating . . 1 Floating Light . one fourth one half
Heligoland . . . 1 Light House . . one penny two pence
Dudgeon . . . . 1 Floating Light . one-fourth one-half
Foulness . . . . 1 Light House . . one-fourth one-fourth
Leman and Ower . 1 Floating Light . one halfpenny one penny
hº Sand (North } 1 Floating Light . one-fourth one-half
Winterton and Orford 3 Light Houses . . one-half one-half
Haisbro' and Newal p ſ 2 Light Houses and ; one-fourth one-half
1 Floating Light


216 UNITED KINGDOM.–I,IGHTs, Buoys, &c. [1845.
Overse. A GENERAL PAssing Ligiits, &c.—continned.
RATE PER, TON.
British and Foreign Foreign Unprivi-
Privileged Vessels. leged Vessels.
EAST CoAst – continued. d. d.
Cockle Gatt . . . 1 Floating Light . one eighth one fourth
St. Nicholas Gatt . 1 Floating Light . one-eighth one-fourth
Ditto Buoys . . . . . . . . one-eighth one-eighth
r 3 Light Houses and \ -
Lowestoff l l Floating Light . ; one-fourth | one-half
N. E. Shipwash . . ] Floating Light . one-eighth one-fourth
IHarwich . . . 2 Light Houses . . one-half one penny
Cork Sand . . . 1 Floating Light . one eighth one fourth
2 Floating Lights \ -
Sumk and Galloper and Buoys . $ one-half one penny
Swin Middle . . . 1 Floating Light . one eighth one fourth
Maplin . . . . 1 Light House . . one eighth one fourth
Mouse . . . . 1 Floating Light . one eighth one fourth
Kentish Knock . . t Floating Light one-fourth one halfpenny
ex GLISH CHANNEL.
Forelands . . . . 3 Light IIorises . . one-fourth one-half
Goodwin and *) 2 Floating Ligh/s one-half one penny
Stream . . . . -
South Sand Head . 1 Floafing Jight . one-fourth one-half
Dungeness . . . 1 Light House . . one-half one-half
Beachy Head . . 1 Light House . . one-fourth one-half
Owers and Bembridge 2 Floating Ligh's . one-half one penny
ſl Light House and |
Light Houses at
Needles . . . . 4 IIurst, and 1 Light - one-half one penny
Horse at St. Kathe- ;
1 ine's Point |
Portland . . . . 2 Light Houses ... one-half one penny
Caskets . . . . 3 Light Houses . . one-half one penny
Start . . . . . 1 Light House . . one-fourth one-half
Eddystone . . . 1 Light House . . one-half one penny
Lizard . . . . 2 Light Houses . . one-half one penny
Longships . . . 1 Light House . . one-half one penny
Scilly . . . . . 1 Light House . . one-fourth one-half
Severn Stones . . 1 Floating Light . three-eights six-eighths
BRISTOL AND ST. GEORGE’s chANNELs.
Lundy . . . . 1 Light House . . one-fourth one-half
Nash . . . . . 2 Light Houses . . one-half one penny
Flatholm . . . . 1 Light House . . three-fourths one and a half
Buoys, Beacons, 1 fourth half
British Channel . . . Floating Light and 1 One- º, Or One- . º,
Light House one-eig one-fourt
Smalls . . . . . 1 Light House . . one penny two pence
Milford . . . . 2 Light Houses . . one-half one penny
Bardsey . . . . 1 Light House . . one-fourth one-fourth
South Stack . . . 1 Light House . . one-fourth one-half
skerries . . . . 1 Light House . . one penny two pence
East Coast Lights payable crly for certain Voyages.
Spurn . . . . . 1 Floating Light . one-fourth one-half
Heligoland . . . 1 Light House . . one penny two-pence
Swin Middle . . . 1 Floating Light . one-eighth one-fourth
Gibraltar . . . . 1 Light House . . 1s. per vessel.


PART VI.] UNITED KINGDOM.—Lights, Buoys, &c. 217
LOCAL DUTIES.
British & Foreign
privileged.
| Foreign
TEEs Buoys. On all vessels passing the Buoys |
|
unprivileged.
to or from the ports of Newcastle, Sunderland,
Stockton, or Whitby, of under 40 tons - . 4d. per ves.
40 tons and upwards . 6d. ,
LYNN WELL. Floating Light. On all vessels
trading to or from the Ports of Lynn or Wisbeach,
or to or from the Port of Boston, if navigated to the
southward of the Longsand, also on all vessels en-
tering or departing from Lynn Deeps southward of
the Longsand • - - - - . 1d. per ton. 2d. per ton.
HUNSTANToN. l Ilight House. On all vessels
passing to or from the Ports of Lynn, Wisbeach, or
} 18.perves.
Wells, or to or from the Port of Boston, southward 4d. pe;20tons, !d.
or 1d. per 5 ſ? yº
WooDBRIDGE Buoys. On all vessels entering .
the Port of Woodbridge, under 50 tons • . 1s. per ves. |ls. per ves.
of 50 and under 100 tons . . 28. » 7 2s. »y
of 100 tons and upwards . . . 3s. * > 38. >>
TRINITY DUTIEs. Buoyage and Beaconage. On
all vessels entering the Port of London - ld. per ton. 2d. per ton.
On all vessels entering the Ports, of Sheerness,
Rochester, Faversham, Leigh, Maldon, Colchester,
Harwich, Ipswich, Woodbridge, or Aldbro' . . 3d. »y 1d. 2 y
NoFE. Floating Light. On all vessels passing
the Light on their upward passages only, under
100 tons - - - - - - . 1s. per ves. 2s. per ves.
Wessels of 100 tons and 200 tons . . 2s. y 7 4s. * 5
,, 200 , , 300 ,, . . 3s. , , 6s. ,
,, 300 ,, 400 , , - . 4s. yy 8s. 2x
,, 400 , 500 ,, . . 58. > * 10s. ,,
3 y 500 tons and upwards . . 6s. * > 12s. , ,
CATTshop Spitt. On all vessels entering or de-
parting from Southampton water, in or out . . . ; per ton. 1d. per ton.
ExETER BUoys. On all vessels navigating to or
from the river Exe, per voyage . - 3d, per ton. 1d. per ton.
ST. ANTHoNY’s Point. 1 Light House. On
all vessels trading to or from the Ports of Falmouth,
Truro, or Gweek - - • - • -
On all vessels entering the said ports for other
purpose than that of trading, for each time of passing
the light - - - - - - -
BIDEFord BAR. 2 Light Houses. On all vessels
entering the harbours of Bideford or Barnstaple, or
any place within the Bar - - - -
CALDY. 1 Light House. On all vessels entering
into or going out of any port or place between
Wormshead and St. Gowan's Head . - . 1d. p > 2d. yy
CARMARTHEN Buoys. On all vessels entering
or departing from the Port of Carmarthen, or any
place within the Bar , - - - - . #d. > * #d. ??
Usk. 1 Light House. On all vessels trading to
or from the Port of Newport, or any place within the
mouth of the river Usk - - - - . 4d. 2 x #d. $y
BURNHAM. 2 Light Houses. On all vessels
entering Bridgewater river . - - - . 5s. per ves. 10s. per ves.
§d. > * ld. 3 *
#d. ,
#
d.


218 UNITED KINGDOM.–LighTs, BUoys, &c. [1845.
Loc-AL DUTIEs—continued.
British & Foreign Foreign
privileged. unprivileged.
BURNHAM. On all vessels entering or departing -
from the Port of Bristol, under 100 tons - . 38. ; ) 6s. > *
100 and under 250 tons . . 5s. 3, | 10s. 22
250 tons and upwards . . 7s. 6d. 158. ,
ABERDovey Buoys. On all vessels crossing the
Bar at the entrance of the river Dovey, in or out . 1d. per ton. Id. per ton.
CoNway Buoys. On all vessels entering or de-
parting from the Port of Conway . - - . #d. > * #d. > *
MENAI. 1 Light House. On all vessels passing
through the Straits of Menai, or entering or depart-
ing therefrom at the N.E. entrance thereof, or enter-
ing or departing from Beaumaris Bay, or any Port,
liarbour, Roadstead. Creek, or place between the
entrance of the said Straits, and Black Point on the
west side, and Great Ormes Head on the east side
for each time of passing or crossing the sight light -
house or light in any direction . - o . §d. * * ld,
On all vessels from or to the Ports of Liverpool,
or Chester, or any Ports. Harbour, Roadstead, |
Creek, or place between Liverpool and Great Orms
Head, and navigating to and from the westward be-
tween the Isle of Anglesea and the Isle of Man, for
each time of passing or crossing the said light house
or light in any direction - - - - -
On all vessels so navigating, which, though not
destined to any such port or place shall enter into or
depart from Beaumaris Bay for each time of passing
or crossing the said light house or light in any direc-
tion the like sum of - - - - . 6d.
AIR. 1 Light House, and DEE Buoys. On all
vessels passing over Chester Bar, or between the
south-west part of Hoyle Sands, and the mainland
on the coast of Wales, in or out . • - -
ST. BEEs. 1 Light House On all vessels pass-
ing to or from the Ports of Whitehaven, Parton, or
Workington, per annum . - - - . 2d. * * 2d.
6d. per ves. |ls, per ves.
4d. • ? 8d. > *
EAST COAST.
These duties, except for the Spurn Floating, Heligoland, Winterton, and
Orford, and Harwich Lights, are payable once for the whole woyage out and
home, but a single passage, whether coastwise or over sea, subjects a vessel to the
full duties. Those for the Winterton, and Orford, and Harwich are payable each
time of passing, as are also those for the Spurn Floating and Heligoland, in their
respective districts.
ENGLISH, BRISTOL, AND ST. GEORGE'S CHANNELS.
Those duties are payable each time of passing, except that for the Bardsey
Light, which is payable once only for the whole voyage out and home.
The duties may be recovered by distress, according to clause 54, Act 6 & 7
Will. 4, c. 79, in any port of the United Kingdom, as well as in that where they
first became payable.


PART VI.] UNITED KINGDOM.–Lights, Buoys, &c. 219
Local, DUTIEs—continued.
British and Foreign privileged Vessels navigated wholly in ballast, and without
any passengers, are exempt.
Foreign unprivileged vessels, navigated wholly in ballast, and without any pas-
sengers, are exempt from the duties of the Winterton and Orford, Harwich, and
Foreign Lights.
The charge is for the course usually taken from or to the respective ports, and
is payable for such voyage, whether the vessel takes that course or not ; and ves-
sels are not chargeable with the duty for any light which such vessels may pass or
receive benefit by, when driven out of their course by stress of weather ; and ves-
sels driven by stress of weather to seek shelter in any port are also exempt, except-
ing such as shall break bulk or take in cargo at such port ; excepting also such as
shall remain in port longer than the state of the weather or the reparation of
damage may render unavoidable. Vessels from foreign port to foreign port, with-
out touching at any port or roadstead in the United Kingdom, are exempt.
PILOTS AND PHILOTAGF.
RATES,
[See the following two pages.]
EXEMPTIONS.
By O. C., 3rd Sept., 1844, from the date of this Order, as respects the places
following, namely:- -
The port of Kingston-upon-Hull;
The port of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, and the places being members thereof respec-
tively; and all other places in respect of which the power vested in Her Majesty,
is still subsisting, all such vessels as are described in the Schedule to this Order
annexed, being of less burthen than sixty tons, which shall enter into, or clear out
from, any of the said places, are hereby, exempted from taking on board a pilot,
to conduct them into or from any such place, in all cases where British vessels,
being of less burthen than sixty tons, are not required by law to take pilots.
Also from the date of this Order, as respects all other places in the United
Kingdom, all such vessels as are described in the Schedule to this Order annexed,
being of less burthen than sixty tons, which shall enter and clear out of any of
such places, are hereby authorised and permitted to be piloted and conducted
without having a duly licensed pilot on board.
SCHEDUI,E.
Wessels belonging to the following countries, viz. :—Austria, Mecklenburg-
Schwerin, Mecklenburg-Strelitz, and Oldenburg.


§
Table of the Rates of Pilotage to be received by Pilots licensed by the Corporati
on of Trinity House of Deptford Strond for Piloting Vessels.
| r 7 Feet | _10 11 | 12 | | | l | | | ! | 23 Feet
FROM | TO and 18 Feet. 9 Feet. Feet. Feet. Feet. '" Feet.[14 Feet. 15 Feet.[16 Feet. 17 Feet.hs Feet. 19 Feet. 20 Feet. 21 Feet. 22 Feet, and up-
–A– I —A. junder. | - - | | : i : | I - wards.
r —- "lººs. d. .# s. d.i.e. s. d. 4. s. d. £'s; d.º.º. s. d.º.º. s. 7.2 s, d.º.º. s. º s, d.º.º. s. 7.2 s. d. 4. s. d.º.8 s. d.º.º. s. d.º.º. s. d. ... s. d.
The Sea | The Nore or Warps.....: 3 13 64 2 9.4 12 05 I 3 5 5 9.6 5 0. 6 13 6, 7 7.3; 7 6 s 14 9, 9 8 6 10 17 0, 11 10 0 12 17 6, 14 5 3.16 11 3 18 8 0
orfordness, Gravesend, Chatham, | | | - : | i : : | :
the downs. | Stangate Creek, or 4 12 0,5 7 9.6 3 36 18 07 11 9.8 5 6, 8 196 9 13 3:10 7 0.11 0 9 l l l ; 6 14 l 6, 16 13 0 19 6 6.2.1 5 9 23 3 9 25 2 3 c
> Blackstakes . . . . . . . . . . | l | | i | I
#. | Long Reach........... ... 4 16 65 12 36 8 07 2 67 1838 14 0' 0 3 610 0 010 16 an 10 013 3 615 9 o' is 11 o'21 5 o'23 0 o'2, 16 926 13 6 ºz
r.'... Woolwich or Blackwall...; 5 # 9 ſ 15.6 17 07 Il 9 : 1939 4 tº 1, 2 G 11 0 g 11 14 § 12 s 614 : G 15 # 9 19 11 0 33 l (; 24 16 927 12 o – *-
|| Moorings or London Docks 5 16 º 9 º 3 67 1738 1969 13 3 10 11 6 11 10 0 12 8 613 2 3 14 14 5,17 0 620 10 323 4 6 — – – H
The Nore *::::::::::::... }| 18 92 3 32 7 º 10 62 1993 6 3, § 11 0 3 15 6' 4 2 9 4 10 3 5 3, 5 16 0, 6 & 9 : 1ſ 6 s 11 0, 9 13 3'10 12 6 §
r. - • Nvv. - - - t - - - ."
or Wºjº. | Long Reach or Chatham... [2 6 0 2 10 6'2 15 3'2 19 93 9 o'3 18 3' 2 9, 4 7 0, 4 13 9. § 5 0 5 16 0 6 15 3 8 5 6 9 13 3 10 12 6 11 11 0 12 15 3
rice rersa |\ºhºl; i2 15 33 l 9 3 8 0 3 13 64 2 0 1 10 3 19 0. 5 8 6 5 16 0' 6 4 3 7 2 6, 8 3 () () 4 0 l l l l (; 12 l l 3 13 16 0. – 7:
----- Moorings or London Docks 3 4 6 3 10 93 17 34 2 0 1 16 65 5 9 5 15 0. 6 4 3 6 13 6, 7 2 6, 8 1 0, 9 1 0 1 1 0 9, 12 17 6 13 16 0 – † — *-
|iong Reach ............ 0 9 30 14 g| 0 31 5 31 10 0 1 14 § 1 19 0; 2 3 º 2 8 3 2 13 0 2 17 6' 3 2 0 3 6 gl § 11 : A 12 0; 5 10 6 — 2.
Gravesend Woolwich or Blackwall.. 1 3 0 1 7 6.1 12 3 l 16 9 2 1 3 2 13 6 × 2 tº 3 11 § 3 is 3, 4 5 6 13 9 5 13 6 45 7 11 9 s 19 6' 9 13 3 — o
Reach, and Moorings or London Docks 1 7 6 1 14 02 0 62 6 0 2 15 33 4 6 3 13 6 4 2 0, 4 12 9 5 1 3 5 10 6 5 19 6 7 7 3: 8 , , 9 — j — - t
* * I wº - : i - : -
vice versa, *::::::::::::::::... }: 15 3 2 19 03 1 93 4 53 is 6 2 9 12 º 5 1 3 & 10 o 5 19 6, 6 8 9, 6 18 0 7 7 3 7 16 3. – - | - O
r I - - - i - | -
| Chatham - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 3 463 8 0:3 10 93 13 6 2 9, 1 12 0 5 1 3' 5 10 6, 5 19 6' 6 8 0 6 18 0' 7 7 3 7 16 5, 8 5 6 — — — :
* Woolwich or Blackwell ... 0 18 6 1 2 0 1 4 0 1 7 6 1 16 9 2 5 0 2 15 3' 3 4 5, 3 13 6, 4 2 9 4 12 0 5 3 6 5 16 0 6 8 9 s 56, 9 4 0 — -
Long ºth ººlº º 7 6 1 11 31 14 0 1 16 92 60 2 153 : 1 6, 3 13 6, 4 2 9, 4 12 0. 5 :8 5 16 0 6 8 9 7 7 3 9 4 0 – — |
an Sheerness, Stangate - - ." - i : - | H3
- - - 3 8 01: 3 1: ( 2 0: 5 3| 5 , º | S 0; 7 7 : 0, - .
vice versa. | | Creek, or Blackstakes }% 4 6 3 8 03 10 93 13 6 4 2 0 1 12 0; 5 1 s , 10 º 5 19 º 6 8 0' 6 18 0 7 : 3 ; 176 s 5 0. 8 14 9. - F.
- ‘Chatham................ 3 13 63 17 3/4 0 0 1 2 9 4 12 0 5 1 3 5 10 6 5 19 6' 6 8 9, 6 18 0 7 7 3 7 16 6 8 5 6 8 14 0 9 4 0: – , — o
Yºº Moorings or London Docks 0 18 6 1 2 0|| 4 91 7 6 10 0 1 12 3 16 9. 2 6, 2 6 of 2 10 6, 2 15 3, 2 19 9 3 4 5, 3 9 " — — ; – g
or Black- Sheerness, Stangate - - - . i – : |
- - - - - - 5 i () tº 7 3| 7 - 1 — - I -
wall, and Creek, or Blackstakes } is gº iſ jº 0 04 2 9.4 12 0.5 ! 3 10 g : 10 & 8 so is 0 , 7 * : 16 & 8 5 6 s 14 9. i §
vice versa, Chatham.......... ...... 4 2 9 4 6 64 9 34 12 0 5 1 35 10 0° 5 19 6 6 8 9. 6 18 9: 7 : 3: 7 16 6, 8 5 6: 8 14 9, 9 4 0; — - : - -
| ! ! i | | I | | |
- ---
Ships not having British registers are to pay one-fourth more than ships having British registers, except when such first-mentioned ships shall be chiefly laden with corn or other
provisions, or shall, by any order of His Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council, be privileged to enter the ports of this kingdom upon paying the same duties of tonnage as are
paid by British ships, in § case such ships and vessels not having British registers shall pay the like rates of pilotage only as are payable by ships having British registers.--For
half a foot exceeding the above draughts of water, the medium price between the two limits.-For intermediate distance, a proportionate rate.—For removing a ship or vessel from
moorings into a dry or wet dock, for a ship under 300 tons, 15s. ; 300 to 600 tons, ll: 1s. ; 600 to 1,000 tons, 11.11s. 6d.; above 1,000 tons, 21, 2s.-In the river Thames, above
Gravesend for a boat of a class carrying an anchor of above 4 cwt., with a corresponding tow-line, 21, 2s. ; ditto, ditto, above 2 cwt., 11.1s.; ditto, ditto, under 2 cwt., 15s.-Per
trip, for the whole distance from Gravesend to London; and in proportion for any part of that distance.—And for each man's service in these boats, 8s. per tide.—[6 G.4, c. 125.]
;


Table of the Rates of Pilotage to be received by Pilots licensed by the Lord warden of the Cinque Ports and Constable of Dover Castle, or his
Lieutenant for the time being, for Piloting Ships and Wessels within the Limits in the said Table mentioned.
12 rºle Feet.
From
ſº |7 Feet to
10 Fect.
11 Feet.
FROM TO
|
14 Feet. 15 Feet.
16 Feet,
23 Feet
22 Feet, and up-
wards.
17 Feet. 18 Feet.
19 Feet. 20 Feet, 21 Feet,
es, all e s. d. 4 s, al. s. d, ... s. d.
36 s. d. 36 s. d.
36 s,
º £ s, d. 6 s. d. 36 s. d.
£ s. º £ s. d. 6 s. d. 6 s. d.
ſº Nore, Sheer - t l
mess, Stangate }| 5 5 0 7 17 8. 6 13 3| 9 9 0 10 4 911 0 6 11 16 3|12 12 013 7 9 16 1 3|19 0 022 1 024 5 926 9 228 13 3.
The Downs .. Creek, Gravesend - | -
|Long Reach . . . . . 5 16 0 8 8 6, 9 9 010 4 911 3 011 18 10 12 18 3||13 14 0.15 0 9 17 14 421 4 2.24 5 126 9 228 13 330 17 4
|BlackwallorLondon 6 12 3: 8 19 610 4 911 0 6 12 1 6 12 17 3 14 0 4|14 16 0.16 13 9 19 7 523 8 326 9 228 13 3| – -
Stangate Creek |Grave end - - - - - - - - 3 6 2. 3 17 o 4 8. 2 4 19 0 5 10 * 6 1 3. 6 12 3| 7 3 s 7 14 * 8 5 4 8 16 4 9 7 4 — - -
| |
like rates of pilotage only as are payable by ships having British registers.
From the several rates mentioned in this there shall be deducted 5 per cent. when the number of Cinque-Port Pilots shall be reduced to 120.
Ships not having British registers are to pay one-fourth more than ships having British registers, except when such first-mentioned ships shall be chiefly
laden with corn or other provisions, or shall, by any order of His Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council, be privileged to enter the ports of this king-
dom, upon paying the same duties of tonnage as are paid by British ships, in which case such ships and vessels, not having British registers shall pay the
For half a foot exceeding the above draughts of water, the medium price between the two limits.-For intermediate distances, a proportionate rate.
A Table of Rates for putting a Pilot on board, and for Pilotage of Ships and Vessels to the
Anchorage in the Downs.”
60 Toms, and 150 Tons and 250 Tons and 400 Tons and 600 Tons and
under 150. under 250, under 400, under 600. upwards.
From off Dungeness to off Folke- £ s. d. | { s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d.
stone, the church bearing 2 0 0 || 3 0 0 || 3 10 0 || 4 0 0 || 5 5 0
N.N.W. by compass ......
From off Folkestone to the South º
Foreland, the lights in one .. { I 10 0 || 2 0 0 | 2 10 0 || 3 0 0 || 4 4 0
From off the South Foreland to
******) 1 5 0 || 1 5 0 || 1 10 0 || 2 0 0 || 3 3 0
Table of Rates for putting a Pilot on board, &c., in the
River Thames, above Gravesend.
£ s. d.
For a boat of a class For trip for the
whole distance
2 2 0 from Gravesend
to London ; and
in proportion for
carrying an anchor
of above four cwt.,
with a corresponding
towline . . . . . . . . . .
Ditto, ditto, 2 cwt. ... 1 1 0 any part of that
Ditto, do., under 2 cwt. 0 15 0 distance.
And for each man's service in these boats, 8s. per tide.
* When the Pilot is put on board by a boat from the shore, one-seventh to the Pilot, and the remaining six-sevenths to the boat and crew.—[6 Geo. 4, c. 125.]
;
§


UNITED KINGDOM
<)]."
(; REAT BR ITA IN AND IR EL AND.
DAN (; ERS () F Ti i E SFAS.
But chiefly spare, () king of clouds:
The sailor on his airy shrouds:
When wrecks and beacons strew the steep.
And spectres walk along the deep
Oh, winds of winter list ye there
To many a deep and dying groan ;
*Or start, ye demons of the midnight air,
At shricks and thunders louder than your own.—Campbell.
PRELIMII.N.A.RY REMARKS.
The Editor trusts he may be permitted to point out this branch of his Journal
as one of vital importance to the commercial interests of the country. There
exists, in truth, no other Authentic Channel that he is awarc of whence Infor-
mation on this head—more especially as to Foºig N Notices—can, in the first
instance, be obtained. After a lapse of time—probably two or three years—these
Notices get recorded in charts or other works; but, in the first instance, he re-
peats, the case is as stated. Meanwhile, however, irreparable mischief ensues.
It is true, much on such subject is, from time to time, published in the “London
Gazette” and the newspapers; but it is widely scattered, and no means exist of
reference to it in a collected form, except through “Pope's Journal of Trade.”
In many cases it is doubted whether the information ever at all reaches the class
of persons for whom it is especially intended—THE MARINERs of THE UNITED
KINGDOM.
Year after year, losses upon losses to a very alarming amount happen by ship-
wreck and other casualties of the seas, many of which, there is every reason to
believe, might have been either wholly avoided or greatly diminished by a due
knowledge of newly-discovered Rocks, Shoals, and Quicksands, and of the erec-
tion of fresh Lighthouses, Beacons, and other similar matters, throughout the
world—to say nothing of the vast loss of human life continually occurring from
such causes, though it would be easy “to harrow up the soul” by a bare recital
of even one of these sad events.
This matter is deemed to be so closely interwoven with the interests of the


PART VI.] UNITED KINGDOM.–DANGERs or trip SEAs. 223
British Shipowner as to justify the hope that he will no longer suffer his Captain
to quit port without supplying him with a copy of “Popp’s YEARLY Jourts A1,
OF TRADE.'”
[As to Places Abroad, see under the Names of the several Kingdoms and
Places in Parts X-XIII. as the case be.]
ENGLAND.
RIDGE SAND, OFF ALDBRO.
Trinity House, London, Dec. 18, 1843.
This shoal having rapidly extended itself to the South Eastward, the Buoy
thereat has been moved further out in that direction, and now lies in 4 fathoms at
low water spring tides at the Eastern Edge of the Shoal, and with the following
marks and compass bearings, viz.:-
Orford Church and Castle in one - - . W. N.
A small Red-tiled House, being the uppermost,
or westernmost house at Slaughden, touching
the eastern part of a remarkable grove of trees N. . W.
Orford High Lighthouse - , nearly W.S.W.
Aldbro’ Church - - - - . N. . E.
By order, J. HERBERT, Secretary.
WRECK OFF ALDBRO’.
Trinity House, London, Feb. 15, 1844.
Notice is hereby given, that a Green Buoy, marked with the word “Wreck,”
has been placed in four fathoms at low water spring tides, near the wreck of a
vessel sunk off Aldbro', and with the following mark and compass bearings,
viz.:-
Orford Castle, in line with the Martello Tower at
Slaughden - - - W. by S. # S.
Orfordness Low Lighthouse - - - S.W. Southerly.
By order, J. HERBERT, Secretary,
HARNSTAPLE BAR.
Trinity House, London, May 22, 1841.
Considerable alterations having taken place in the positions of the sands, con-
stituting Barnstaple Bar, the Low Light House has been moved 25 feet to the
S. W., and the two lighthouses kept in one will now lead over the bar in the best
water.
The following alterations in the buoyage have also been made, viz. –
The New Bank Buoy (red) has been taken away, and a black buoy, marked
“Bar,” has been placed in 6 feet water, with
The High Lighthouse, its breadth open S. of the
Low Lighthouse bearing - - -
Statton Barn open of the westernmost house, at
West Appledore - - - - -
This buoy should be left on the starboard hand on entering.
S.E. : E.
S.S.E. E.
The outer beacon buoy, “red,” formerly called “Barnstaple Bar,” is now
marked “Fairway,” and lies in 43 fathoms, with
A conspicuous clump of trees, called Westingale, on
with the E. part of Appledore, bearing - . S.E. by S.
The two lighthouses in line • - - - S.E. Easterly.
Cornborough Summer-house - - - . S.S.W. # W.
Northam Church - - - - - - S. E.
Note.—The foregoing depths are those of low water, spring tides, and the
bearings magnetic.
By order, J. HERBERT, Secretary.


224 UNITED KINGDOM.—DANGERs of Tire SEAs. [1845.
WRECK IN BRIDGEWATER BAY.
Trinity House, London, November 16, 1844.
Notice is hereby given, that a green Buoy, marked with the word “Wreck,”
has been placed about 20 fathoms to the southward of a vessel sunk in Bridgewater
Bay. This buoy lies in four fathoms at low water spring tides, and with the fol.
lowing mark and compass bearings, viz. –
Gore Buoy - - o o . S.W. S.
Flatholm Island, just opening West of Steepholm . . N. N. E
Brean Down - - . E. N. E.
By order, J. HERBERT, Secretary.
BURNHAM LIGIITS, BRISTOL CHANNEL.
Trinity House, London, April 15, 1844.
The Gore Sand, at the entrance of the Perrot, or Bridgewater River, having
gradually extended itself in a Southerly direction, masters of vessels, pilots, and
other persons, are hereby required to observe, that the two lights at Burnham
when kept in line will no longer lead them up clear of the said sand called the
Gore.
In order to preserve the deepest water when approaching the channel of the said
river from seaward, it is essentially necessary that the High Light should be kept
about three times the breadth of its tower, open to the Southward of the Low
Light, and so continued until the Flatholm Light has opened to the Eastward of
the Steepholm Island, when the two lights at Burnham may be brought in line,
and the High Light gradually opened to the Northward of the Low Light, to
clear the Stert and Lark Sands.
The depth of water having decreased at the buoy of the Gore Sand, the said
buoy will be moved so far in a South-westerly direction as to be in line with the
two lighthouses at Burnham, by which alteration persons in charge of vessels will
be enabled in hazy weather, when the marks cannot be distinctly seen, to steer
their course for the channel of the river immediately after they have passed the
buoy, at a moderate distance to the Southward thereof.
By order. J. HERBERT, Secretary.
WRECK OFF BROADSTAIRS.
Trinty-llouse, London, January 8, 1844.
Notice is hereby given, that a Green Buoy, marked with the word “Wreck,”
has been placed about 20 fathoms to the S. E. of a vessel sunk off Broadstairs.
The Buoy lies in 43 fathoms at low water spring tides, and with the following marks
and compass bearings, viz. –
The large Mill at Broadstairs its apparent breadth
to the Southward of the small Mill at that place N. W.
The large Mill at Ramsgate, on with the Victoria
Baths - - - . W. by N.
North Foreland Light liouse - . N. W. H. W.
Gull Stream Light Wessel t - . S. W. J. S.
Goodwin Light Vessel - - . S. E.
By order, J. HERBERT, Secretary.
SUNKEN WRECK AT CARDIGAN.
March, 1844.
A letter received at Lloyd's states—“The sloop Margaretta, of Barmouth, lies
sunk in the fairway of vessels both coming in and out of that port, to which the
necessary buoy has not been placed, and therefore made dangerous to shipping.”
CHRISTCHURCH LEDGE.
Trinity-House, London, 16th December, 1843.
Notice is hereby given, that this Corporation has caused a Black Buoy, marked
“Christchurch Ledge,” to be placed in 3% fathoms at low water spring tides, at


PART VI.] UNITED KINGDOM.–DANGERs of The SEAs. 225
the South Eastern extremity of the said Ledge, and with the following marks and
compass bearings, viz. –
Sun Corner, over the Inner Part of the
Middle Needle Rock . - . S. E.
The Top of Christchurch Tower over a
Cavern in the Head . . N. by W. & W.
The Northern Part of the Trees over Sconce
Point, a ship's length open to the South-
ward of the Hurst Low Lighthouse
By order,
CHESTER BAR.
Trinity House, London, Oct. 30, 1844.
This Corporation having caused a buoy to be placed upon the N.E. projection
of the Sand, called the “Middle Patch,” near Chester Bar, notice thereof is
hereby given, and the following particulars made public, eiz.:-
The buoy is coloured black and white, in circular stripes, and lies in two
fathoms at low water spring tides, with the following marks and compass bearings,
that is to say—
Summer-house on St. Elmo's Hill, just opening W.
of a tall chimney near Prestatyn, and bearing . S. by E. J. E.
The most remarkable fall in the land to the W. of Rhyl,
about a cable's length open W. of the Hotel at that
place, and bearing - -
S.W. J. W.
Voel Nant Old Telegraph - - S. # E.
Centre of the Town of Rhyl • - . S.W.
Great Orme's Head • - - W. by N. J. N.
North West Patch Buoy - - . W. by N. ; N.
Chester Bar Buoy - - - N.N.W.; W.
By order, J. HERBERT, Secretary.
WRECK OFF DUNGENESS.
Trinity-House, London, August 14, 1844.
Notice is hereby given, that a Wreck Buoy has been laid near a Brig sunk
abreast of the first battery, eastward of Dungeness Lighthouse. The buoy lies iu
2} fathoms at low water spring tides, with the following compass bearings
V1z. :-
Dungeness Lighthouse - - • - S. W. J. W.
Lydd Church - - - - - N. W. H. W.
Second Battery - - - - - N. N. W.
Roar Spit Buoy - - - - - E. N. E.
Distant one-sixth of a mile.
By order, J. HERLºr, Secretary.
STANDING BEACON IN THE FIVE FATHCMG C. ANNEL.
Trinity-House, London, 16th October, 1844.
Notice is hereby given, that a standing beacon has been placed upon the spit of
the middle ground in the Five Fathoms Channel, upon the edge of the dry sand at
low water spring tides, and with the following marks and compass bearings,
WIZ. :-
The Shears in the Dockyard at Sheerness, twice
their apparent length south of the chapel
therein, and having the Middle Ground Buoy
between them, bearing - - •
Herne Mill on the high back land, open west of
the Coast Guard Station at Herne, and hav-
ing the Middle Spaniard Buoy nearly in line
with them, bearing - - S. by E. : E.
West Spaniard Buoy - - ... West.
East Spaniard Buoy - - E. by S. S.
Note.—The Middle Ground Spit Buoy has been taken away, and the Red Buoy
of the Gillman will also be discontinued.
By order, J. Her BERT, Secretary.
Q
W. by N. # N.


226 UNITED KINGDOM.—DANGERs of THE SEAs. [1845.
BEACON ON THE GOOD WIN SANDS.
Trinity-House, London, 11th July, 1844.
Notice is hereby given, that this Corporation has caused a standing beacon to be
placed upon the eastern edge of the Goodwin Sands, on a spot which dries at low
water of spring tides, and at which the under-mentioned objects bear by compass
as follow, viz.:-
North Foreland Lighthouse - • . N. by W.
South Foreland High Lighthouse e . W. by S. # S.
North Sand Head Light Wessel . - . N. N. E. & E.
Gull Stream Light Vessel • - . N. W. 3 N.
Mariners are requested to observe, that this beacon is surmounted by a ball,
which is elevated 51 feet above the level of the sand. They will also observe that
at the distance of 18 feet below the centre of the ball there is a refuge gallery, easily
accessible in case of need, and by which the beacon is rendered at all times readily
distinguishable from the masts and balls of either of the floating light vessels in the
vicinity of the Goodwin Sands.
By order. J. HERBERT, Secretary.
GOOD WIN LIGHT VESSEL.
Trinity-House, London, August 27, 1844.
The repair of the above light vessel being completed, and the vessel remoored at
her station, the north end of the Goodwin Sands, masters, pilots, and others are
to observe, that the said light vessel is now distinguished during the day time by
three red balls, one on each mast head, instead of one ball on the main mast as
heretofore.
The appearance of the lights in the night time, viz., one on each mast, remains
as before.
By order, J. HERBERT, Secretary.
BEACONS ON TIME BLY THE SAND, AND IN GRAVESEND
REACH.
Trinity House, London, February 22, 1844.
Notice is hereby given, that this Corporation has caused a Standing Beacon to
be placed on the N.W. spit of the Blythe Sand, in the upper part of Sea Reach.
This beacon stands upon the dry sand at low water spring tides, and with the
following marks and compass bearings, viz.:-
Pitsey Church Tower, in line with a farm house next
E. of the Thames Haven Cottages
- e . N.N.E. § E.
Hamlet Windmill, its width open to the N. of the
Scar House e - - E. : S.
Fobbing Church - - - - « . N. J. W.
Blythe Lower Beacon . - - - - E. by S. & S.
Chapman Beacon - o • 7 t . E. by S. Southerly.
Cliff Church . S.S.W. # W.
Two Standing Beacons have been set up on the N. Shore in the lower part of
Gravesend Reach, in line with the Wreck which lies therein about 100 fathoms
from the outer beacon.
The Wreck Buoy remains for the present, but will shortly be taken away.
The remains of the Wrecks of the Apollo and Water Witch, in Northfleet Hope,
having been removed, the Shore Beacons formerly placed to denote their position
have been taken down.
By order, J. HERBERT, Secretary.
WRECK IN GRAVESEND REACH.
Trinity House, London, August 15, 1844.
Notice is hereby given, that Two Beacons have been erected on the N. shore of
the upper part of Gravesend Reach, to denote the situation of a sunken barge,
which lies with the two beacons in line, and bearing N.E. # N., the Southernmost
beacon being about 100 fathoms distant from the wreck, over which there are four
fathoms at low water spring tides. -
By order, J. HERBERT, Secretary.


PART VI.] UNITED KINGDOM.–DANGERs of THE SEAs. 227
GULL STREAMI.
Trinity House, London, May 16, 1844.
It having been ascertained that the Brake Sand has moved bodily to the
W., the positions of the following buoys have been altered in order more effectually
to denote the present line of the E. edge of that sand, viz.:-
The South Brake Buoy now lies in 43 fathoms water, with
Waldershare Monument in line with a barn midway
between the two windmills next South of Sandown
Castle • - - - - - - . W. S.
North Foreland Light House in line with the Preventive
Station House on Broadstairs East Cliff . - N.N.E.
Middle Brake Buoy - - o - - . N.N.E. E.
Fork Buoy - - - • - - e S.F. 3 E.
South Deal Bank Buoy - - - - . S.W. J. S.
Gull Light Wessel - • e e - - E. by N. N.
S. by W. W.
South Sand Head Light Wessel - - -
The Middle Brake Buoy now lies in 5; fathons water, with
Upper Deal Church Cupola in line with the windmill
next S. of Sandown Castle - e - - S.W. by W.
St. Lawrence windmill, its apparent width E. of Rams-
gate Pier Light House - - - . N.
North Brake Buoy - 4. - - - N.E. J. N.
Fork Buoy - • - - - - . S. E.
Gull Light Vessel - - - - - - S.E. H. E.
Notc.—The above depths are those of low water spring tides, and the bearings
magnetic.
By order, J. HERBERT, Secretary.
LIGHT NEAR THE CORK LEDGE, OFF HARWICH IIARISOUR.
Trinity House, London, April 17, 1844.
Notice is hereby given, that in compliance with the request of the merchants,
shipowners, masters of vessels, and other persons interested in the navigation of
the E. coast of England, this Corporation has caused a Floating Light Vessel to
be prepared for the purpose of exhibiting a light near to the Cork Ledge, off
Harwich Harbour, and mariners are to observe that a Bright Revolving Light will
be exhibited on board the same on the Evening of Wednesday, the 1st of May
next, and thenceforth continued every night from sun set to sun rise.
This light vessel, which has been already moored at her station, lies in 4; fathoms
at low water spring tides, and with the following marks and compass bearings,
riz.:-
The S.W. Land, well open, of Harwich Naze . . S.W. by W. A. W.
Walton Martello Tower, just open N. of the E. Mar-
tello Tower - - - N.W. # N.
Harwich High Lighthouse - - - - . N.W. 4 W.
Platter's Buoy - • - - - - N.W. by W. W.
Andrew's Buoy . - - - - - . W. by N. . N.
Inner Ridge Buoy . - • - - - W. N.
Rough Buoy - - - - - - . S.E. H. E.
Cutler Buoy - - - - - - - E.N.E.
N.B. The Cork Ledge Buoy will be continued at its usual station until the
exhibition of the light on the 1st of May aforesaid, after which it will be taken
away.
Þy order, J. Iſki, 1,1:1tt, Secretary.
Q 2


228 UNITED KINGDOM.–DANGERs of the SEAs. [1845.
WRECK OFF HIARWICII.
Trinity House, London, October 25, 1844.
A Green Buoy, marked with the word “Wreck,” has been placed about a
vessel's length to the E. of a brig sunk nearly midway between the West Rocks
and Gunflect Buoys, at the entrance ºf Goldmer's Gat.
The buoy lies in six fathoms at low water spring tides, and with the following
compass bearings, ric. :—
Sunk Light Vessel - - - - - . S. by W. A. W.
Gunfleet Buoy - - - - - - W. by S.
Naze Tower - - - - - - . N.W. W.
West Rocks Buoy - - - - - - N.E. Easterly.
Distant nearly 1 mile.
By order, J. l II:RBERT, Secretary.
ill. NST ANTON LIGI IT.
Trinity-House, London, March 29, 1844.
Notice is hereby given, that in compliance with the request of persons using the
navigation of Lynn Well, this Corporation has cºased the light exhibited in the
Hunstanton Light-Heuse to be colºured red, in the direction ºf the shoal called
the “Roaring Middle ;" and masters of vessels and ºther persons navigating the
said Well are to observe that the Illumstanto Light will now appear of a bright
red colour when bearing between S.S. E. and S.E. by S.E. by E.
By ºrder, J. Il pitment, Secretary.
}} EA("(). N IN Yi () U NT'S IX.AY.
Hayle, Oct. 14, 1844.
During the late gales the beacon on the Rundle Stone in the Mount's Bay was
washed away.
LIG IIT IIOUSE ON PLYMOUTH BIR FARV, ATER.
Trinity-House, Lºndºn, May 14, 1844.
Notice is hereby given, that the Light-House which has been for some time
past in course of crection on the west-end of the Breakwater, in Plymouth Sound,
under the direction of the Right l'onourable the Lords ('o, missioners of the Ad-
miralty, is nearly completed, and that the light thereon will be first exhibited on
the evening of Saturday, the 1st of June next, when the Floating Light Vessel will
be taken away.
The light will burn at an elevation of 63 feet above the level of high-water spring
tides, and will appear red in all directions seaward, and white within the line of
the Breakwater.
Note.—A bell will be rung in foggy weather. |
By order, J. IIERBERT, Secretary.
OLD CUDD CHANNEL, OFF RAMSGATE.
Trinity-House, London, November 20, 1844.
The intended alteration of the buoyage of the Old Cudd Channel, of which notice
was given on the ſth ult., having now been carried into effect, masters of vessels,
pilots, and other persons are to observe that the Fairway buoy has been taken away,
and that buoys are now placed on the Dike Spit and Quern Ridge, in the depths
of water and with the marks and compass bearings here-under stated, viz.:-
The Dike Buoy (Black) lies in seven feet at low water spring tides, on the
S.W. extreme of that spit, with
The North Fore and Light House, on with a
break in the cliff between Dumpton stairs
and Broadstairs - - - N.N.E.
Ramsgate Church, touching the west end of
Wellington-crescent - - . N.W. # N.


PART VI.] UNITED KINGDOM.—DANGERs of THE SEAs. 229
OLD CUDD CHANNEL–continued.
Ramsgate Pier Light House on the north side
of the first house to the westward of the
Royal-crescent - • - W.N.W.
The Queen Buoy (White) lies in seven feet at low water spring tides, in the
N.E. edge of that ridge, with
Ramsgate Church on with Albion House . N.N.W # W.
Ramsgate Pier Light House in the opening
between the Royal Kent Baths and the
Royal-crescent - - - N.W. by W.
North Foreland Light House - . N.N.E. Northerly.
Dike Buoy . N. by E. H. E.
Note.—The width of the Channel between these buoys is less than a cable's
length.
By order, J. HERBERT, Secretary.
BUOYS IN SWANSEA BAY,
Trinity House, London, March 12, 1844.
Notice is hereby given, that this Corporation has caused Buoys, as hereunder
described, to be placed in the following positions upon the “Hugo’’ Bank and
“Inner Green Grounds” in Swansea Bay, viz —
Hugo Bank.-The Buoy on this bank is coloured black, and lies about one
cable's length from the dry sand on the N.E. side of the bank, and with the fol-
lowing marks and compass bearings, viz.:-
Kenfig Church, its breadth open south of a white
cottage, the northermost in the village - . E. , N.
A large square house, on with the south end of the -
large house at Porth Cawl S.E. J. E.
Nash lower Light Tower - - - . S.E. by S.
Mumbles Light Tower . • - - . N.N.W. J. W.
Constantinople Cottages - - - - . N.S. N.
East Skerweather Buoy . South
Inner Green Grounds.--This Buoy is coloured red, and lies in 3% fathoms at
low water spring tides, about 1% cables' length from 5 feet upon the S. E. end of
the Shoal, and with the following narks and compass bearings, viz.:-
Kilvey Old Mill, one-third distance from the Inn (a
large brick house), towards Tennant's lock-out
house - • • - - - . N.E. by N.
The Tutt, on with the Middle Island at the Mumbles W. , N.
Mumbles Light House - * - . W. A. N.
Woodland Castle . - - - - . N.W. , N.
WRECK IN THE SLEDWAY.
Trinity-House, London, September 19, 1844.
A sloop, laden with slates, having sunk in 7 fathoms at low water spring tides
in the track of vessels navigating the Sledway, this Corporation has caused a green
buoy, marked with the word “Wreck,” to be placed about 14 fathoms W. S. W.
of the said vessel, and with the following compass bearings, viz.:-
Rough Buoy - - - - - S.W. by W.
distant about 2 miles
Cork Light Wessel - - - - W.N.W.
S.W. Shipwash Buoy - - - - S. by E. : E.
By order, J. HERBERT, Secretary.
COCKLE GAT, YARMOUTH ROADS.
Trinity-House, London, Dec. 15, 1843.
Notice is hereby given, that in the fulfilment of the intention expressed in the
advertisement from this House, bearing date the 29th ult., a floating light vessel
moored on the eastern side of the Cockle Gat, at the northern entrance into Yar-
mouth roads, and mariners are to observe that a bright revolving light will be
exhibited on board the same cn the cvening of Wednesday, the 20th instant, and
thenceforth continued nightly from sunset to sunrise.


230 UNITED KINGDOM.–DANGERs of THE SEAs. [1845.
COCKLE GAT—continued.
The said vessel is moored in seven fathoms at low water spring tides, and lies
with the following marks and compass bearings, viz.:-
Caistor S.E. Windmill in line with Caistor
Preventive Station-house . - . S.W. by W. 3 W.
Winterton Church Tower, its apparent width
open west of the house on Winterton Cliff N.W # W.
Cockle Fairway Buoy . - - . N.W. , N.
N
Cockle Spit Buoy - • • . W. , N.
North Scroby Buoy - - - . S.W. by S.
Yarmouth Church Spire - - . S.W. Westerly.
Newarp ſlight Vessel - E. by N. ; N.
Notice is also hereby given, that the following alterations in the Buoyage of the
Cockle Gatway will be immediately carried into effect, viz.:-
SEA III AIDS BEACON BUOY.
The position of the sea heads will be sufficiently marked by the Cockle Light
Vessel. The beacon buoy heretofore at that station will, consequently, be taken
away and discontinued.
NORTH SCROBY BUOY.
This buoy, which will in future he distinguished by a staſ' and ball, has been
removed one-half mile to the N. N. E. into 4 fathoms at low water spring tides
on the north end of the sand, and with the following unarks and compass bearings,
viz. :-
A Chimney in the Marches on with the
North End of Three Cottages to the
Southward of Caist or Point - . S.W. by W. 3 W.
A small red tiled if ouse on the Cliff midway
between Martham and Hemsby Charches N.W. H. W.
Winterto: Lighthouse midway between the
Church and House on Wii:terton Cliff' . N.N.W. W.
Cockle Spit Buoy . - - - . N. J. W.
S. W. Cockle Buoy - - - . N.W. by W. 3 W.
#fiddle Scroby Buoy - - . . S.S. W. W.
Outer Barber Buoy - - W. S
AID DITIONAL BU OY ON THE SCROBY.
An additional white buoy has been placed about midway between the North
Scroby Beacon Buoy above described, and the former Middle Scroby Buoy, which
last-mentioned buoy will henceforth be called the “West Scroby.”
This additional buoy, now the “Middle Scroby,” lies in 5; fathoms at low
waters spring tides, and with the following marks and compass bearings, viz. –
Caistor Church, midway between the Pre-
ventive House and Black Boat House . W. by N. ; N.
Yarmouth New Church Tower, its apparent
Width open South of the highest Wind-
mill on the Denes S.W. by W.
Yarmouth Church Spire - - . S. W. by W. H. W.
West Scroby Buoy - - - . S.W. by S.
Inner Barber Buoy - - - . N. W. H. W.
S.W. Cockle Buoy - - - . North.
Cockle Spit Buoy • - - . N. by E. A. E.
North Scroby Buoy • • - . N. N. F. J. E
Cockle Light Vessel • • - . N. N. E. § E.
Winterton Church - - - . N. by W. # W.
The Corporation deem it proper to direct the particular attention of mariners to
the relative positions of the light vessel and buoys as above stated, by which they
will perceive that the width of the channel between the Cockel Light Wessel and
Cockel Spit Buoy is no more than 7-10ths of a mile, and great caution should
therefore be at all times observed in approaching and navigating this Gatway.
łły order, J. H.RBERT, Secretary.


PART VI.] UNITED KINGDOM.–DANGERs of The SEAs. 233
*
BLYTH SAND, RIVER THAMES
Trinity House, London, October 23, 1844.
This Corporation having caused certain works to be executed with the object of
constructing a permanent foundation for a standing beacon in six feet at low water
spring tides upon the North-westernmost Spit of the Blyth Sand, and about 13
cable's lengths N.W. by W. & W. from the present standing beacon, notice thereof
is hereby given, and masters of vessels, pilots, and other persons are requested to
observe that the easternmost part of this structure is marked by a Staff bearing a
Board, with the words “Trinity Beacon” thereon, and surmounted by a ball;
they are cautioned to avoid injuring either the beacon or their own vessels or craft,
by passing it at a sufficient distance to the N. and W,
By order. J. HERBERT, Secretary.
WRECK OFF THE WEST END OF THE BLYTH SAND, RIVER
THIAMIES.
Trinity House, London, Nov. 16, 1844.
A Sloop having sunk in 43 fathoms at low water spring tides, off the W. End
of the Blyth Sand, this Corporaticn has caused a Green Buoy, marked with the
word “Wreck,” to be placed about 10 fathoms to the W. of the said sloop, and
with the following mark and compass bearings, viz.:-
A Windmill on the back land, next eastward of Pitsey
Church, in a line with the W. end of a barn in the
marshes - - • . N.E. by N.
West Blyth Beacon, about two cables' lengths distant S. by E. 4 E.
Lower Hope Point - - . W. by S.
by order, J. HERBERT, Secretary.
NOB CHANNEL AND NORTH KNOLL BUOY, ENTRANCE TO
THE THAMES,
Trinity House, London, Nov. 1, 18 ( ſ.
Notice is hereby given, that in consequence of considerable changes having
taken place in the positions of the Sands on the E. Side of the Nob Channel, the
following alterations have been made in the Buoyage thereof, viz.:-
The Nob Buoy has been moved one half mile to the E. of its former position,
and now lies in 3} fathoms at low water spring tides, with the following marks
and compass bearings, viz.:-
North Down Tower, in line with Margate Windmills S.S.E. H. E.
Monckton and Pan Sand Beacons in one - E
S. # E.
Girdler Buoy - - - - S.S.W. ff. W.
Shivering Sand Buoy - - - . S.W.
Fast Oaze Buoy - - - - W. by N. J. N.
THE NORTH NOI8.
A Buoy, striped red and white, has been placed on the Western part of a Knoll
East of the Oaze Sand, called the North Nob, in 3% fathoms, with
North Down Tower, midway between Margate New
Church and Margate Windmills, bearing . S.S.E. § E,
Ash Church, midway between George's Farm-house
and Reculvers Towers - - . S. # E.
Mouse Light Vessel - - - N.W. by W. A. W.
East Oaze Buoy - - . W.
Shivering Sand Buoy - - - S.
Nob Buoy - S.E. A. E.
Notice is hereby further given, that the North Knoll Buoy l
has been taken away
and will be discontinued.
By order, J. libr belºr, Secretary,


2:32 UN TED KING DOM.–DANGERs of the SEAs. [1845.
I, ISI I BANK LIGHT VESSEL.
Trinity House, London, Nov. 4, 1844.
Information has been this day received that the Floating Light Wessel on the
S. End of the Kish Bank in St. George's Channel has Broke Adrift, and gone up
t; I jublin.
The Callast Board in I}ubliu has also advised this Corpºration that the Span
l, ght Vessel would take the Stafion as scon as the state of the weather would
permit her to put to sea.
#3y order, J. Iſ ERBERT, Secretary.
W () i. F. R()('K ANI) R U NI)}_{EST()NE RE.AC () N.S.
Trinity House, London, Oct. 26, 1844.
Information has been red ci.ed, that in the storm on the 9th instant, the Balls
and upper parts ºf the Wrou.ht iron Miasts of the Wolf Rock and Rundlestone
£eacons were broken away.
!y order. J. H.RBERT, Secretary.
WI:E('K (; FF WINTERTON.
Trinity IIouse, london, Oct. 24, 1844.
Notice is hereby given, that a Green Buoy, marked with the word “Wreck,”
h's b, en placed about 7 fathºns E. of a vessel sunk off Winterton.
The buoy lies in 7 fathones at low water spring tides, and with the following
marks and compass bearings, ri:. .-
Winterton ("urch. on with a Grove of Trees, bearing W. , N.
The fice ºn a’s 1, , k-out at Heimsby, to aching the E.
łºd of a R,-,1-til…! .; it -e - - . S.S.W.
!}y erder. J. H. E.R.3ERT, Secretary.
W. Rºº. 'R IN THE SHIPWAY.
Trinity House, London, Nov. 16, 1814.
This Corporation has caused a Green Bucy, imarked with the word “Wreck,”
to be placed about 15 fatholms to the Westward of a vessel sunk in the track of
shipping in the shipway.
The buoy lies in 33 fathems at low water spring tides, and with the following
compass bearings, ri:. ...—
N. E. Baudsey Buoy - - - . N.E. H. N.
Shipwa - - - E.N.E.
Baudsey Church - - - - . N.W. J. W.
By order. J. HERBERT, Secretary.
BUN'T 11 EAD, IN THE GULL STREAM.
Trinity House, London, November 16, 1844.
Notice is hereby given, that a bºoy coloured black and white in circular stripes,
and marked “ iłunt Head,” i.as been placed on an elbow of that sand which pro-
jects into the Gull Stream considerably beyond the line of the Fork Buoy and Gull
Light vessel.
The said Buoy lies in four fatholms at low water spring tides, and with the fol.
lowing marks and compass bearings, viz.:-
Thanet Windmill in line with Ramsgate East Pier Head N. : W.
Waldershare Moºttºmetit in line with the south end of
a.
nº w terrace of houses north of Deal - . W 3 S.
Gull Light Vessel - - . N. E. J. N.
North Forelańd lit, lit flouse . - . N. by E.
*}il, le Rºke ºt::::: • - . N. by W. & W.
Soutli Brake 13,icy . - - ... West.
Fork Buoy S. S. W. J. W.
[3y order. J. HERBERT, Secretary.


PART VI.] UNITED KINGDOM.–DANGERs of The SEAs. 233
SCOTLAND.
NEW LIGHT IIOUSE AT THE POINT OF AIR, RIVER DEE.
Trinity-House, London, February 15, 1844.
This Corporation having caused a pile lighthouse to be constructed at the Point
of Air, at the entrance of the Dee or Chester river, the following particulars in
relation to the position of the said lighthouse, and to the light which is now exhi-
bited therein, are hereby published for general information, viz.:-
The Pile Lighthouse is situate below high water mark, and bears from the station
at which the light was previously exhibited N.E. by N., distant therefrom 2,500
feet; the depth of water around it at high water of ordinary spring tides being
about 15 feet; and the undermentioned objects bearing therefrom as follows,
WIZ. :—
N. W. Light Ship - - - - N. E. J. N.
Earwig Buoy - - - - - W. by N. J. N.
Chester Bar Buoy - - - - N. W. W.
Welchman's Gut Buoy . - - - E. by S. § S.
The light is shown in the following manner:—
From N. W. round westerly to west, a fixed bright light.
From N. W. round northerly to E. by S. # S., a light-coloured red, visible only
within the Hoyle Sand.
From E. by S. # 8. to S. by E., a fixed bright light.
These lights burn at an equal elevation of 42 feet above the ordinary level of high
water spring tides.
Note.—The light in the old lighthouse has been discontinued. but the buildings
remain for the present.
By order, J. HERBERT, Secretary.
IRELAND.
KISH I?ANK LI (: HT İſ () US}.
Trinity-House, Loadon, March 20, 1844.
Information has been this day received that the floating light vessel on the north
end of the Kish Bank, in St. George's Channel, has broke adrift, and gone up to
Dublin.
By order, J. if ER BE::t, Secretary.
ST. JOſ (N'S POINT LI(; ; ;THOUSE, EAST COAST OF IRELANI).
The Corporation for preservi id improving the pºrt ºf fºublin hereby give
notice that a lighthouse has been crected on St. John's Pºint, County Down, from
which a light will be shown on the evening of the 1st of Xººx, 1844, and which wili
thereafter be lighted every night from sun-set to sun-rise.
Speci estion given of the position and appearance of the light by Mr. Halpin,
inspector of lighthouses —
The Tower is built on St John's Point, ºf the cast side of i) undrum Bay, in
latitude 5 19 13' 24" N., and longitude 5° 39 56° W., and bears
From Newcastle Pier (Dundrum Bay) . E. by S. J. S. distant 73 sea miles.
From Helly Hunter Rock, (of the en-
trance of Carlingford Lough) - E. by N. . N. , 18 ditto.
From Rock a-bill • - N. j. ,. 19 ditto.
From Calf of Man (revolving lights) N. W. N ,, 31 ditto.
The light will be an intermitting light, appearing of its full brightness during 45
s: conds, and obscured for 15 seconds; the periods of light and eclipse succeeding


234 UNITED KINGDOM.–DANGERs of THE SEAs. [1845.
IRELAND–continued.
regularly, it will be shown from W. by N. & N. seaward, to E. # N. and at an
elevation of 62 feet over the level of high water of spring tides.
This light kept open will lead clear of Gun's Island, and of the St. Patrick's
Rock, off the entrance of Strangford Lough. Mariners are cautioned to avoid the
well-known indraft of Dundrum Bay.
The tower is circular-coloured-white. The projecting gallery and blocking over
it are coloured brown.
The bearings stated are magnetic—War. 28° W.
By order, H. WEREKER, Secretary.
Ballast Office, Dublin, November 30, 1843.
MISTAKING LIGHTHOUSES.
Portaferry, Oct. 14, 1844.
My dear Sir, I consider it a duty to write to you upon the following subject,
under a hope that something might be done to mend matters.
We have lately been visited with very severe weather, and the unhappy con-
sequence is, that much injury and loss has been sustained by shipping in this im-
mediate neighbourhood. Two foreigners from your port came ashore at the
entrance of our river: the one totally lost (lives saved), the other, after being upon
a rock, got off by nothing short of a miracle. A vessel from the north of England
had precisely a similar escape. Others have been less fortunate; for just while I
write several pieces of, apparently, a large vessel are floating down past us, the
crew or crews of which have perished. Some think there were two vessels.
Now, what I beg permission to draw your attention to is, that a few months since
we had a lighthouse erected upon St. John's Point, which, it appears, the captains
uniformly mistook for that which is of long standing on the South Rock, and,
deviating accordingly in their course, fell upon our coast. The master of the ship
Lord Ashburton made a similar testimony. What, therefore, is to be done? Why,
I would very respectfully suggest, that the custom-house of Liverpool, and not only
it, but every other custom-house in the empire, should particularly point out to the
several masters, previous to their obtaining a clearance, the position and evolutions
of the light in question, and thereby remove the difficulty. The force and contra-
ricty of the tides and the foul ground along this coast make it tenfold more
dangerous.
The cargo of the foreigner I alluded to, consisting of linen, and so forth, I
understand is about to be discharged in Strangford, where she at present lies, in
order that she may undergo an examination and repair,
Yours, my dear Sir, most faithfully.
To T. A. Count, Esq. Secretary to the Underwriters,


I? A R T T H E S E V E N T H.
UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN
AND IRELAND.
COUNTERVAILING DUTIES.
Excise DUTY and DRAwback” on Articles, being the Growth, Produce or
Manufacture of Great Britain or Ireland, on Importation or Exportation from
either country into the other, pursuant to 4 Geo. 4, c. 30.
DUTYi on Irish Articles Imported into Great Britain and DRAwback on British
Articles Eaported into Ireland.
Excise.
BRIcks. See ExpoRTs, PART IV., and INLAND Excise DUTIES, #3 s. d.
in this Part
GLAss. So much of any Act or Acts as requires a certificate of the
charge or payment of duty to accompany any glass which shall be
removed from Ireland into Great Britain is hereby repealed. 5 &
6 Will. 4, c. 77. [Sept. 9, 1835.]
Hops, lb. - - • - - - -
PLATE, Wrought, British imported into Ireland, or Irish exported
into Great Britain, ounce, in British currency :—
— Goldf
Silvert
So AP, Hard, fb$
Soft, b$
Soap.–By T. L., Jan. 16, 1844, the exportation of soap from Ireland to England is permitted
in packages of 101b.
1
:
:
:
Packing, &c.—See ExpoRTs, SoAP. PART IV.
Spirits of the strength of IIydrometer proof, which shall be made
or distilled in Ireland, or which shall be warehoused in Ireland,
and taken out for consumption, gal. - - -
Additional Duty, the Gallon, 4d."
Spirits of such strength which shall be made or distilled in Ireland,
and which shall be or shall have been warehoused there free of
duty, and which shall be taken out of warehouse for removal into
Scotland, for consumption, gal. - -
Additional Duty, the Gallon, 4d.
+ On British articles imported into Ireland, and on Irish articles exported to Great Britain,
there is neither duty nor drawback, except here so specified.
# T. O., Aug. 19, 1824.
§ 3 & 4 Vict, c. 49. [4 Aug. 1840.]
| 4 & 5 Will. 4, c. 75.
* 5 Vict, sess. 2. c. 15. [20th April, 1842.]
3 4
* App 5 per cent. to all these Duties, and Drawbacks, as mentioned p. 17.


236 UNITED KINGDOM.—CountERVAILING Duties." [1845.
SPIRITS.–continued.
The like spirits which shall be taken out of warehouse for removal
to England for consumption, gal. - •
Additional Duty, the Gallon, 4d.
Itemoral. As to Foreign Spirits removed, see PART III
By E. O., July, 1818, it is stated, that confectioners, who retail spirits mixed with the juice
or other fruits, therely violate the law, and incur a penalty of 50/.
surveyors, &c., should take care that the law on this Sulject is made generally known, and
also the intention of the Board to enforce it in all cases in which it may be infringed by any
of cherrie
similar practice in future.
('OUNTERVAIL, ING I) UTIES.
From Ireland
ARTICLES." to England.
For every Gallon thereof removed— £ s. d.
AEther - - - . () 12 11
Sweet Spirits of Nitre - - |
Camphorated Spirits o -
Lavender Water and other Perfumes, being Spirits
scented with Essential ()ils, Flowers, and other
Ingredients - - -
Compound Spirits of Lavender -
Spirits of Rosemary - - -
Spirits of Ammonia e
Sal volatile - - -
Triar's Balsam - • f 0 7 9
Compound Tincture of Benzoin
Tincture of Assafuctida
Tincture of Castor • •
Tincture ºf Kino
Tincture of Guaiacum - -
Tincture of Myrrh - -
Tincture of Ginger - -
Spirit Varnishes - -
Other Tinctures and Medicated Spirits () 3 2
Sweets or Made Wines - - () {} 7,
(!() UNTERVAL LING DRAW i3A ("KS.
From England
ARTICLEs. to Ireland
For every Gallon thereof removed— £ s. d.
AEther - - - () 12 11
Sweet Spirits of Nitre • 2 ~
Camphorated Spirits • -
Lavender Water and other Perfumes, being Spirits
scented with Essential Oils, Flowers, or other
Ingredients - o
Compound Spirits of Lavender
Spirits of Rosemary • - |
Spirits of Ammonia - - | -
Sal volatile - - - i. () 7 9
Friar's Balsam • - •
Compound Tincture of Benzoin w
Tincture of Assafoetida - -
Tincture of Castor - - -
Tincture of Kino - -
Tincture of Guaiacuum - •
Tincture of Myrrh - -
Tincture of Ginger e -
Spirit Varnishes - - J
Other Tinctures and Medicated Spirits . 0 5 2
Sweet or Made Wines - - 0 0 7,
* ADD 5 per cent. to all these Duties and Drawbacks, as mentioned p. 47.
£ s. d.
0 7 6
Collectors,
From Ireland
to Scotland.
.8 s. d.
0 2 6
ū I {}
() I 0.
0 0 1;
From Scotland,
to Ireland.
.8 s. d.
0 2 6
() l 6
0 1 0
0 0 1%


238 UNITED KINGDOM.–INLAND Excise Duties.* [1845.
Ureat Britain. Ireland.
30 s. d. £ s. d.
MALT, bushel - - - . () 2 7 0 2 7
An AccouxT of the Total Number of Quarters of Malt made between the 10th
day of October, 1842, and the 10th day of October, 1843; distinguishing the
Quantity made in each Country, and the Quantity used by Brewers and
Victuallers, and Retail Brewers.
Quarters of Malt used
Quarters
i
of By Brewers
and
Malt made Victuallers. Brewers.
By Retail | TOTAL.
1.
l
I
.
England - . 3,850,567 2,911,283 394,857 3,336,110
Scotland 446,220 | 103,992 103,902
126,256 . 126,256
Ireland - - 162,836
|
|
The United Kingdom 4 133,673 3,171,-4.41 391,857 3,566,298
- -- |. - -
Excise Office, London, R G. A Con TRELI.,
12th March, 1844. § Accountant-General.
PAPER, &c., from Oct. 11, 1839, Paper, Glazed Paper,
Shcathing Paper, Button Paper, or by whatsoever name
any Paper may be known, and on all Button-board,
Mill-board, Paste-board, and Scale-board made in
the United Kingdom, lb. 2 and 3 Wict., c. 23.
[July 19, 1839.] - - -
ALLowANCEs-—For all such glazed cr other press
papers, made and charged with duty in the United
Kingdom, for clothiers and hot-pressers as shall be
actually and bond fide used, employed, and con-
sumed in the pressing woollen cloths and stuffs in the
United Kingdom, an allowance of lb. . 0 0 14 0 0 }}
For all paper made and charged with duty in the United
Kingdom, which shall be used in the printing of any
books in the Latin, Greek, Oriental, or Northern
languages within the Universities of Oxford and
Cambridge, or within the Universities of Scotland, or
the College of the Holy and Undivided Trinity, of
Queen Elizabeth, Dublin, by permission of the vice-
chancellors, rectors, or principals, or provost of the
said universities respectively, or which shall be used
in the printing of bibles, testaments, psalm-books,
books of common prayer of the Church of England,
the book commonly called or known in Scotland by
the name of “The Confession of Faith,” or the
larger or shorter catechism of the Church of Scot-
land, within the Universities of Oxford and Cam-
bridge, and Trinity College, Dublin, by permission
of the vice-chancellors or provost of the same, or by
the Queen's printers in England, Scotland, and Ire-
land respectively, an allowance of, lb. . . 0 0 13. 0 0 11
* App 5 per cent, to all these Duties and Drawbacks, as mentioned p. 47.


PART VII.] UNITED KINGDOM.–INLAND Excise DUTIES. 239
Great lºritain. Ireland.
PAPER—continued. 30 s. d. £ 3. d.
Stained &c. By 6 & 7 Will. 4., c. 52, § 1,
Aug. 13, 1836, all the duties of excise on Peper,
Printed, Painted, or Stained, and all duties on licenses
to be taken out by any Printer. Painter, or Stainer of
Paper, repealed
SoAP, liard, fb. 3 & 4 Vict., c. 49. [August 4,
1840.] - - - . 0 0 13
Soft ſh. 3 & 4 Wict., c 49. [Aug. 4, 1840.] 0 0 1
The allowances (except the allowance of the duty on soap used in the whitening
of new linen in the piece for sale) shall remain payable until the cnd of the
Session of Parliament, next after 31st July, 1846. 7 & 8 Vict. c. 51. [29th
July, 1844.]
An Accouxa of all So AP made in Great Britain, distinguishing Hard from
Soft, and also that upon which the Silicated Duty has been charged, from the
5th day of January 1843 to the 5th day of January 1814.
--------- - - ---- —- ſ - ------ ---
t --- -
| Silicated Other Naft Sna-
Soap. | Hard Soap. Soft Soap.
- I
jb hb fb
England , 2,264,792 151,249,85, l 10,700,904
Scotland - - | 10,506,633 4,693,270
Great Britain . 2.264,792 161,756,484 15,394,174
Excise Office, i.ondon, R G. A. Cottrº LL,
12th March, 1814. § Accountant-General.
- - . () 7 6
Additional Duty, the Galion, id.
—- made in Scotland, gal. . - . () 3 +
Additional Duty, the Gallon, 4d.
made in Ireland, and warehoused there duty
free, and removed into Scotland for consumption,
gallon
SPIRITs, made in Erxland, gal.
Additional Duty, the Gallon, 4d.
————— lrcland, or warehoused there and
taken out for consumption, gal. - -
Additional Duty, the Gallon, 4d.
—— brought from Scotland or Ireland into Eng-
land, gal. - - - . 0 7 6
Additional Duty, the Gallow, 4d.
brought from Scotland to an approved ware-
house in Ireland for consumption there, gal. -
Additional Duty, the Gallon, 4d.
SUGAR manufactured in the United Kingdom, from
Beet Root, cwt.
- - ... l 1 0
[l Vict, c. 57. July 15th, 1837].
* ADD 5 per cent. to all these Duties and Drawbacks, except on Spirits, as
mentioned, p. 47.


240 UNITED KINGDOM.–INLAND Excise Duties. [1845.
SUGAR–continued.
Sugar of other Sorts.--Whereas since the passing of the Act 1 Wict., c. 57,
sugar has been manufactured and is now making in the United Kingdom from
potatoes, rice, and other materials, and it is therefore expedient to extend the said
Act, and to impose on all sugar, from whatever materials made in the United
Kingdom, the same duties as are by law payable on sugar made from beet-root,
it is therefore enacted, that there shall be paid on every hundred weight of all
sugar manufactured in the Unit, d Kingdom, from whatever materials made, the
same amount of duty as is by law payable on sugar made or manufactured from
beet-root. 3 & 1 Vict. c. 57, § 2.
All sweets and saccharine matter which shall re-emble or be in the form or
imitation of sugar, or which shall be capable of being used as a substitute for sugar,
shall be deemed to be sugar within the meaning of this Act, $ 3.
VINEGAR, or AcETovs Acid. Duty repealed by 7 & 8 Vict., c. 25. [4th
July, 1844].
STAMIP DUTIES.
ſ (ºranted by 55 Geo. III, c. 184, unless other rise menſioned.} •
| NIANI). BILLS OF EXCIIANGE AND PROMISSORY NOTES.
Not exceeding Exceeding
Two Mouth-. Two Months,
£. s. d. .#!. s. d.
If 40s, and not exceeding 5l. 5s. () l () - - () 1 6
ºxceedinig 5/. 5s. . . . f. 20 - - () l 6 - - () 2 0
.#20 - - 30 - - () 2 () - - () 2 6
30 - - j() - - () 2 6 - - () 3 6
5() - - l{)() - - () 3 (; - - () { 6
J ()() - - 20t) - - () | 6 - - 0 0 0
200 - - 31}{) - - () , () - - () 6 ()
300 - - j(){} - - () () {} - - () 8 6
500 - . 1,000 - - () 8 (; - - () 12 6
1,000 . . 2,000 . . () l 2 () , , () 1j ()
2,000 • . 3,000 - - () l j () - - 1 5 ()
3,000 • - - - - ! :) () - - | 1 () ()
Orders on Bankers, payable to bearer on demani, within fifteen miles of the
place where issued, are exempted from duty, by 9 Geo. 4, c. 49, § 15, under
certain restrictions.
---
Whereas by an Act of 55 Geo. 3, c. 101, every public notary in Ireland is
required under a penalty, once in every two months, to deliver at the Stamp
Office in Dublin a faithful account in writing, of bills of exchange and pro-
missory notes which shall have been noted by him for nonacceptance or non-
payment, and at the same time to pay the stamp duty which would then by
law be payable for every such bill or note, if protested in due form of law :
And whereas it is expedient to repeal the said enactment; it is therefore enacted,
that so much of the said Act as requires any such account to be delivered,
or as imposes any penalty for the nondelivery thereof, or for the nonpayment
of any Duty thereon, is hereby repealed. 7 Vict. c. 21, § 9. [6th June,
1844.]
Exchange drawn in, but payable out of, Great Inland Bill of the same
FOREIGN BILL OF EXCIIANGE (or Bill #" same Duty as on an
Britain), if drawn singly, and not in a set . amount and tenor.


PART VII.] UNITED KINGDOM.–STAMP Duties, 24.1
STAMP DUTIES-continated. £ s, d.
FOREIGN BILLS OF EXCHANGE, drawn in sets according to
the custom of Merchants, for every Bill of each set, where the
sum made payable thereby shall not exceed 100l. e . () } 6
Exceeding £100 and not exceeding £200 0 3 ()
200 e - 500 0 4 0
500 - . 1,000 0 5 ()
1,000 r , 2,000 0 7 6
2,000 r 3,603 0 10 0
3,000 - • t {} 15 0
CONVEYANCE ON SALE OF ANY PROPERTY, EXCEPT SHIP
BILLS OF SALE, WHICH NEED NOT BE STAMPED.
£ s. d.
Purchase Money under £20 - - {) 1() ()
For £20 and under 50 j () {}
50 * ; 150 1 10 ()
150 ; : 300 - - - 2 () ()
300 » : 500 - r - 3 () {}
500 ; : 750 - - 6 () (;
750 ; ; 1,000 * -> - 9 0 0
1,000 * * 2,000 . . 12 0 0
2,000 $ 5 3,636 - - , 25 () ()
3,000 y y 4,000 - - . 35 0 0
4,000 5 § 5,000 - - , 45 0 ()
5,000 ; 3 6,000 • - , 55 () 0
6,000 5 * 7,000 • - . 65 0 0
7,000 ; : 8,000 - - . 75 () ()
8,000 ; : 9,000 - - . 85 0 ()
9,000 * 5 10,000 - . 95 0 0
10,000 * * 12,500 - - , 110 0 ().
12,500 5 y 15,000 - r . I 30 0 0
15,000 3 * 20,000 - - . I 70 () 0
20,000 ; ; 30,000 - r . 2; () () (;
30,000 ; : 40,000 - • . 350 () ()
40,000 7 y 50,000 e - , 450 () ()
50,000 : 5 60,000 - • . 55() () 0
60,000 3 * 80,000 - - . 650 () ()
80,000 5 * 100,000 - - . 800 () 0
100,000 and upwards - - • 1,000 0 0
Progressive duty on every 1,080 words, after the first 1,080, 20s,
BONIDS,
£ s.
For securing the payment of any sum not exceeding £50 I 0
fj9 and not exceeding 100 1 10
100 , , ,, 200 . . 2 0
200 , , ,, 300 . . 3 0
300 4 - 5 * 500 - - 4 ()
500 * * ,, 1,000 5 ()
1,000 ; : ,, 2,000 6 ()
2,000 7 7 ,, 3,000 7 0
3,000 y 3 ,, 4,000 8 ()
4,000 y 5 ,, 5,000 - - 9 ()
5,000 * 5 ,, 10,000 - . 12 0
10,000 , , ,, 15,000 . . 15 0
15,000 y 7 ,, 20,000 - . 20 0
20,000 - - - - 25 ()


242 UNITED KINGDOM.–ST AMP DUTIEs.
[1845.
STAMP IDUTIES.–confinited.
The stamp duty, so far as the same is charged for any bond to be
given pursuant to the directions of any Act of Parliament, or by
the direction of the Commissioners of Customs or Excise, or any
of their officers, upon the receiving any drawback of any duty
of customs or excise, for any goods exported or shipped to be
exported from Great Britain or Ireland to any parts beyond the
seas, or for any bond to be given upon the obtaining of any de-
benture or Certificate for any drawback shall cease and the same
is hereby repealed. 7 Vict. c. 21, § 8. [6th June, 1814.]
SEA INSURAN ('ES.
7 Vict. c. 21, [6 June, 18 1.]
For every policy of assurance or insurance, or other instrument,
by whatever name the same shall be called, whereby any insu-
ance shall be made upon any vessel, or upon any goods, or
other property on board of any vessel, or upon the freight of
any vessel, or upon any other interest relating to any vessel which
may lawfully be insured for any voyage whatever, the following
duties, where the whole slum insur d shall not exceed 100l., and
where the whole sum insured shall exceed 160/., then for every
100l., and also for any fractional part of 100l., whereof the same
shall consist ; (that is to say.)
Where the premium or consideration for such insurance actually
and bonā fide paid, given, or contracted for shall not exceed the
rate of 10s. per cent. on the sum insured - -
And where the same shall xceed the rate of 10s. and not exceed-
ing 20s. - - - - -
20s. and not exceeding 30s. • - -
30s. and not exceeding 10s. . - - -
40s. and neot exceeding 50s. • - -
50s. - • - - - -
But if the separate interests of two or more distinct persons shall
be insured by one policy or instrument, then the said respective
duties, as the case may require, shall be charged thereon in re-
spect of each fractional part of 100l., as well as in respect of
every full sum of 100l., which shall be thereby insured upon any
separate and distinct interest.
And for every policy of assurance or insurance, or other instru-
ment whereby any such insurance shall be made for any certain
term or period of time, the following rates for every 100l., and
also for any fractional part of 100l., whereof the same shall con-
sist: (that is to say.)
Where any such insurance shall be made for any term or period
not exceeding six calendar months • -
Exceeding six calendar months - -
And for every policy of assurance or insurance, or other instru-
ment, by whatever name the same shall be called, whereby any
insurance, commonly called a mutual insurance, shall be made,
or whereby divers persons shall insure or agree to insure one
another without any premium or pecuniary consideration, from
any loss, damage, or misfortune that may happen to any vessel,
or any goods, or property on board of any vessel, or the freight
of any vessel, or any other interest relating to any vessel which
0
i
!
.
;
3
:
;


244 UNITED KINGDOM.–STAMP DUTIES. [1845.
AGREEMENTS.–continued.
artificer, manufacturer, or menial servant—relating to the sale of goods—
between masters and mariners of coasting vessels—and letters containing
agreements of trade passing by post between persons at the distance of 50
miles from each other. 55 Geo. 3, c. 184.
If any Agreement, or Minute or Memorandum of an Agreement, chargeable
with duty under this Act, shall be engrossed, written, or printed upon
wellum, parchment, or paper, not duly stamped according to law, and such
Agreement, &c., shall be brought to the Commissioners of Stamps and
Taxes, or to any of their officers appointed to receive the same, to be stamped,
together with the duty payable thereon, within fourteen days after such
Agreement, &c., shall have been made or entered into, it shall be lawful for
the Commissioners, and they are hereby required to cause the same to be
stamped without the payment of any penalty: provided, that if such Agree-
ment, &c., shall not be brought to be stamped within the time herein-before
prescribed for that purpose, there shall be payable by way of penalty on the
stamping thereof 10l., over and above the duty chargeable thereon. 7 Vict.
c. 21, § 5. [6th June, 1844}.
RECEIPTS.
£ s. d.
If £5 and under - 1() 0 0 3
10 * * 20 0 0 6
20 5 : 50 0 1 0
50 ; : 10() . 0 1 6
100 * * 200 0 2 6
200 * * 30() . 0 4 ()
300 * * 50() . 0 5 0
500 5 * 1000 0 7 6
1000, or in full of all demands 0 10 0
which duties shall be paid by the persons giving such receipts, discharges, or
acquittances.
Persons giving a discharge on paper not stamped as above, for any sum from
5l. to 100l., forfeit 10/.; and for 100l. or upwards, 201. Penalty for ex-
pressing in any receipt a less sum than is paid, or for any fraudulent con-
trivance with intent to evade the duty, 50/.
MISCELLANEOUS.
ADVERTISEMENTS, piz.:
For every advertisement contained in or published with any
gazette or other newspaper, or other periodical paper, pamphlet,
or literary work (3 & 4 Will. 4, c. 23), where the same shall be
printed and published, £ s. d.
——— In Great Britain * t • 0 1 6
-- In Ireland • - * - 0 1 0
AFFIDAVIT not made for the purpose of being filed, read, or used in
any Court of Law or Equity, for every sheet or piece of paper, &c.” O 2 6
AWARDS, under 2,160 words.f 1 15 0
IDEEDS, BONDS, AGREEMENTS, or other instruments made and
* By 4 & 5 Vict, c. 34, § 1 (June 21,1841), the stamp duty of 2s. 6d., under 5 Geo. 4, c. 41,
imposed upon affidavits to be filed, read, or used in any of the Courts of Law or Equity, or be-
fore the Judges, º: of º: Seal, or officers of the courts, shall be deemed to
have been repealed from the passing of that Act. By $ 2, not to repeal the stamp dut
affidavits other than affidayits to be so filed, read, or used.’ p p duty upon
f By 5 & 6 Wict., c. 82, the same stamp duties are payable in Ireland,


PART VII.] UNITED KINGDOM.–STAMP DUTIEs. 245
MISCFI,IANEOUS—continued.
executed in Ireland, whereby any person shall become bound or
agree to submit any matter in dispute to arbitration, and also all
awards made in pursuance of any such submission, are exempted
from all stamp duty whatsoever, 5 & 6 Will. 4, c. 64. [Sept. 9,
1835.]
BILL OF LADING of or for any goods or effects to be exported
or carried coastwise.* . - • o . 0 0 6
TO SHIPPERS AND MIASTERS OF WESSELS,
Take notice, that by the Act of Parliament of the 5 & 6 Vict, c. 79, a stamp duty of 6d. is
imposed upon every bill of lading of goods to be exported or carried coastwise, and by the
same statute, a penalty of 50/. is imposed upon any person who shall make or sign any bill
sºlins which shall be written or printed upon paper not duly stamped with the duty afore.
E. iill of a set is liable to the duty inentioned.
N.B. No lºll of iºding can be stamped after it is signed.
CHARTER-PARTY, or any agreement or contract for the charter of
any ship or vessel, or any memorandum, letter, or other writing
between the captain, Inaster, or owner of any vessel, and any other
person, for or relating to the freight or conveyance of any money,
goods, or effects on board of such vesself • - -
It shall not be lawful for the commissioners of stamps and taxes, or
any of their officers, to stamp or mark any vellum, parchment, or
paper upon which any bill of lading, or any charter-party, or any
agreement, contract, memorandum, letter, or other writing by this
Act chargeable with any duty as a charter-party, shall be engrossed,
written, or printed under any pretence whatever, after the same
shall be executed, or signed by any party, except as herein is pro-
vided ; and if any person shall make or sign any bill of lading which
shall be engrossed, printed, or written, or partly engrossed or
written and partly printed, upon wellum, parchment, or paper not
duly stamped according to law, every such person shall forfeit 50l. :
Provided always, that if any charter-party, or any such agreement,
contract, memorandum, letter, or other writing chargeable with any
duty as a charter-party, shall be brought to the head-office of the
commissioners in England or Ireland, or to any of their proper
officers, to be stamped within fourteen days after the same shall
bear date, and shall have been executed or signed by the party thereto
who shall have first executed or signed the same, it shall be lawful
for the said commissioners and they are hereby required to cause the
same to be stamped, upon payment of the duty chargeable thereon
without any penalty; and if the same be brought to the said head-
office to he stamped at any time after the expiration of such fourteen
days, and within one calendar month after the same shall bear date,
and shall have been first executed or signed as aforesaid, it shall be
lawful for the commissioners, and they are hereby required to cause
the same to be stamped, upon payment of the duty chargeable
thereon, and of the further sum of 101. by way of penalty. 5 & 6
Vict., c. 82, § 34. [1842.]
LETTER or POWER OF ATTORNEY made by any petty officer.
seaman, marine, or soldier serving as a marine, or by the executors
or administrators of any such person—
—— for receiving Prize-money - • . ()
— — for receiving Wages - - • ... 1
Letter of Attorney for the sale, transfer, acceptance, or receipt of
dividends of any of the government or parliamentary stocks or funds l
Letter or Power of Attorney of any other kind, or commission or
factory in the nature thereof * - - - . 1 10
0
0
0
0
* Letters of attorney of the last-mentioned description, if containing 2,160 words, and up-
wards, a further duty of 11, for every entire quantity of 1,080 words above the first 1,080.
+ By 5 & 6 Wict., c. 82, the same stamp duties are payable in Ireland.


246 UNITED KINGDOM.–Post OFFICE. [1845
MISCEI.,LANEOUS– continued.
Transfers in England of the territorial debt of the East India Com-
pany. 5 & 6 Will. 4, c. 64. [Sept 9, 1835.] - . 1 10 0
LETTER or Power of Attor NEY.—For every Letter or Power of
Attorney or other instrument made for the sole purpose of ap-
pointing or nominating a proxy to vote at any meeting of the pro-
prietors or shareholders of any Joint Stock Company or other
society whose stocks or funds are divided into shares, and trans-
ferable. 7 Vict., 21. [June 6, 184 [...] - - - 0 2 6
A T A B L I.
Shouting the Number of Days from any Day in the Month, to the same Day
in any other Month throughout the Fear.
| - -
| | |
t
i
a 2 ; ; ; ; ; ; # 2. č . . . . . ; ; ;
3 ; 2 ºf tº 2: > = + , .2 s jº co
- - - || - r; -> Ho * 2. c z. ſº
t -
| : -
Jan. 365 31 59 90 120 151 is 212 23, 27; 301 334
Feb. 1331 365 28 59, 89 120 150 181 212'242 273.303
M. º. 55; Åi ºil ºf i3 is is 37 31, .
April 275 306 334 365 36 (; ; 91 122 15: 183 214, 24.4
May 245 276 3.e4 335 365 31 61 92 #23 153 184 218
June 214 245 27:3 30 ! 33 365 30 61 91 122 153 | 183
july 181 215 243 27 36 335 365 #1 62 92 123 153
Aug. 153 is 212,243 273 ºf 33 365' 3" | 61 g2 i33
Sept. , 122 153 181 212 242 27; 303 ºf 365 30 61 91
Çet. 92 123, 151 182 212 24; 273 304 335 365 31 61
Nov. ' | 92 | 120 15, 18, 212 243 273 30 331 365 30
Dec. 3] - 2 #3 27. 301 335 365
62 *** *
|* *
ExplasATION.—How many days are there from the 10th January to the 10th
June 2
Look for January in the column marked with the month dottºntrards, then seek
for June along the line to the right, and you will find it to be 151.
POST OF}^{{!}.
General Regulations.—All letters and newspapers, and other printed papers,
which shall be posted in any town or place within the United Kingdom, or
shall be brought from parts beyond the seas to any place within the United King-
dom, or shall be sent by the post between the United Kingdom and places
beyond the seas, or between any of the other places hereinafter mentioned, or shall
pass through the United Kingdom, shall be subject to the several regulations and
rates hereinafter contained. 3 & 4 Vict., c. 96, § 1. [Aug. 10, 1840.]
Scale as to Weight.-Letters transmitted by the post shall be charged by
weight, according to the following scale, and the several numbers of rates of
postage hereinafter set forth shall be charged by, and be paid to, Her Majesty's
Postmaster-General, for the use of Her Majesty, on letters transmitted by the
post, viz.:
On every letter not exceeding half an ounce in weight, one rate of postage;
On every letter exceeding half an ounce, and not exceeding one ounce in weight, two rates of
Ostage:
o º letter exceeding one ounce, and not exceeding two ounces in weight, four rates of
)stagre :
o:º letter exceeding two ounces, and not exceeding three ounces in weight, six rates of
OStage :
Aºi Wºry letter exceeding three ounces, and not exceeding four ounces in weight, eight
rates of postage;


PART VII.] UNITED KINGDOM.–Post Office. 247
And for every ounce in weight above the weight of four ounces, there shall be charged and
taken two additional rates of postage, and every fraction of an ounce above the weight of
four ounces shall be charged as one additional ounce. § 2.
Limitation of Weight —No letter exceeding sixteen ounces in weight shall be
forwarded by the post between places within the United Kingdom, except peti-
tions and addresses to Her Majesty, and petitions to either House of Parliament,
and except in such other cases, and subject to such regulations as the Commis-
sioners of Her Majesty's Treasury, by warrant under their hands, shall from time
to time direct. § 3.
INLAND LETTERS.
Rates of Postage.—The following rates of postage shall be charged by, and be
paid to, Her Majesty's Post-master's-General, for the use of Her Majesty, on
letters transmitted by the post; (that is to say):—
On all letters not exeeding half an ounce in weight, transmitted by the post between places
within the United Kingdom (not being letters sent to or from parts beyond the seas), or
posted in any post-town in the United Kingdom, addressed to persons or places within such
town, or the suburbs thereof, there shall be charged and paid one uniform rate of one penny,
without reference to the number of sheets or pieces of paper, or enclosures of which the
same may be comprised, or to the distance or number of miles the same shall be conveyed;
and on all such letters, if exceeding half an ounce in weight, there shall be charged and paid
progressive and additional rates of postage (each additional rate being estimated at one
penny), according to the scale of weight and number of rates hereinbefore fixed; provided
that such postage of one penny, and such progressive and additional postage be pre-paid at
the time of posting such letters, or that such letters be duly and properly stamped when
posted, as hereinafter provided ; but in case such postage on any such letters shall not be
pre-paid, and such letters shall not be duly and properly stamped, there shall be charged on
such letters the rate of postage hereinafter mentioned. § 4.
Letters by Vessels. The Postmaster-General may forward letters between
places in the United Kingdom by vessels not packet-boats, and all letters for-
warded under the authority of the Postmaster-General by private vessels or
packet-boats, and transmitted between places in the United Kingdom, shall be
considered as forwarded by the post between such places, and be charged accord-
ingly. § 5. -
COLONIAL LETTERS BY PACKET. BOAT.
On all letters not exceeding half an ounce in weight transmitted by packet-boat
between the United Kingdom and Her Majesty's Colonies, or between any of Her
Majesty's Colonies through the United Kingdom (including letters to and from
the East Indies, by any of Her Majesty's Mediterranean packet-boats to and from
the United Kingdom, vid Syria or Egypt, but not including letters sent through
France), there shall be charged and paid the several rates of British postage here-
inafter mentioned,” viz.:-
Between any place within the United Kingdom, wherever situate, and any port in Her Majes-
ty’s Colonies, one uniform rate of one shilling; and between any of Her Majesty’s Colonies
through the United Kingdom, one uniform rate of two shillings:
And on all such letters, if exceeding half an ounce in weight, there shall be charged and paid
progressive and additional rates of postage, according to the scale of weight and number of
rates hereinbefore contained, each additional rate being estimated at one shilling or two
shillings, according as such letter shall be chargeable under this enactment, if not exceed-
ing half an ounce in weight. -
SHIP LETTERS.
The Postmaster-General may collect and receive letters to forward by vessels
not packet-boats, to places beyond the seas, and may forward the same accord-
ingly, and may collect and receive letters brought by any such vessels from places
beyond the seas. $ 7.
Postage on Ship Letters.--On all letters not exceeding haif an ounce in weight,
transmitted by vessels not packet-boats, between the United Kingdom and any
place beyond the seas, including Ceylon, the Mauritius, the Cape of Good Hope,
and the East Indies, or between any places beyond the seas through the United
Kingdom, there shall be paid for British postage the rates following, viz
Between the United Kingdom and any place beyond the seas, at whatever place within the
United Kingdom the letters may be posted or delivered one uniform rate of eightpence;f
* See at the end of this title. - -
f Such postage on ship letters may be pre-paid or not, as preferred.--ED.
# See “Oldenberg,” p. 261.


248 UNITEſ) KINGDOM. – Post OFFICE. [1845.
and between any places beyond the seas through the United Kingdom, one uniform rate of
one shilling and fourpence :
And on all such letters, if exceeding half an ounce in weight, there shall he paid additional
rates of postage, according to the scale of weight and number of rates hereinbefore con-
tained, estimating and charging each additional rate at eightpence or one shilling and four-
|. according as such letters shall be chargeable under this enactment, if not exceeding
"alf an ounce in weight, & 8.
FOREIGN ſ. ETTEiS (3 Y POST AND IBY PACKET.
On all letters transmitted by the post between the United Kingdom and foreign
parts, or between any of the places out of the United Kingdom, mentioned in the
Schedule to this Act annexed, there shall be paid the several rates of British
postage mentioned in such Schedule. [See at the end of this title]. § 9.
Letters by Packeſ-Boaſ.--All letters brought into the United Kingdom by
packet-boats (whether in a mail bag ºr not) shall be chargeable with packet
postage. § 10.
Treaties with Foreign States.—in ail cases in which there now is or shall be a
treaty between the Postmaster-General and the post office of a foreign country for
collecting and accounting for the British postage on foreign letters sent by the
post from the United K sm to that foreign country or to any other foreign
country, the Postmaster-General may, so long as the treaty or agreement shall
continue in force, receive upon any such foreign letters from the sender the postage,
both British and foreigh, in one entire sum, and upon foreign letters addressed to
places within Her Majesty's dominiotis, may, whether there shall be any such
treaty or not, charve the foreign postage in addition to the British postage, and
he may account for and pay over to the forcism countries entitled to receive the
same the amount of all such foreign postage; and it shall be optional with the
sender of a lºtter addressed to any foreign cºuntry included in such treaty, or to
any foreign cºtry to which such treaty shall extend, either to pay the British
and fºreign postage thereof in one (ntire sum, or to send the letters without
paying any postage, either British on fºreign, or he may otherwise pay the
British postage only ; and, subject to this enactment, the Postmaster-General
may cause the postage of all letters sent ºut of the United Kingdom to be paid
or staji; t d on being put into the post-off.e. $ 31.
Letters of Ourners of Wessels and Gratuities to 3, asters.-The owners, char-
terers, or consignees of vessels inward-bouri, ºnd the owners, consignees, or
shippers of geods on board vessels inward-bound, shall have their letters by such
vessel free of pºstage (ex: as hereºafter mºtioned), if delivered at the port
of the ship's arrival; and if delivered at any ºther place within the United King-
dom, on payment of the postage, as on pre-paid inland letters, according to the
scale of weight and number of rates hereinbefore mentioned, from the port of
arrival to the place of delivery, and if delivered in any of Her Majesty's colonies,
on payment of the colonial rates of postage to which letters in such colony may
be liable, on conveyance from such port of arrival to the place of delivery, pro-
vided the letters brought by any one vessel to any one such person shall not
collectively exceed six ounces in weight (except in the case of letters brought by
vessels coming from Ceylon, the Mauritius, the East Indies, or the Cape of Good
Hope, into any port of the United Kingdom, for an owner, charterer, or con-
signee of such vessel, in which case there may be collectively 20 ounces in weight)
and the owner, charterer, or consignee shall be described as such on the address
and superscription ; and in the case of owners, shippers, or consignees of goods,
it shall also appear by the ship's manifest that they have goods on board the vessel;
and the persons hereby exempted shall be entitled to have their letters which come
within the above conditions before the master of the vessel delivers the other letters
in his charge to the Post-Office : Provided nevertheless, that all ship-letter gra-
tuities payable by law, to masters of vessels bringing any such letters shall in all
cases be paid to the Post-Office by the parties to whom the same may be addressed
(in addition to any postage payable thereon) before delivery of such letters to the
parties entitled to receive the same, whether such letters shall be delivered at the
port of arrival of such vessel or elsewhere. § 35.
Rates of Gratuities to Masters of Vessels. Masters of Vessels to receive and
deliver Letters.-The Postmaster-General may allow to masters of vessels, on
letters and newspapers conveyed by them for the Post-Office between places within


PART VII.] UNITED KINGDOM.—Post Office. 249
the United Kingdom,” a sum not exceeding two shillings and sixpence for each
number of one hundred of such letters and newspapers, and for any less number in
the like proportion; and may allow to the masters of vessels bound from the
United Kingdom to the East Indies, a sum not exceeding one penny for each
letter and one halfpenny for each newspaper conveyed by them for the Post-Office,
and may allow to the masters of all other vessels a sum not exceeding two-pence for
each letter conveyed by them for the Post-Office from the United Kingdom to places
beyond the sea; and may allow to the masters of all vessels not exceeding two-
pence for each letter brought into the United Kingdom, which they shall deliver at
the Post-Office at the first port at which they touch or arrive, or with which they
communicate (all which gratuities may be paid at such time and places, and under
all such regulations as the Postmaster-General shall in his discretion think fit);
and every master of a vessel outward-bound, shall receive on board his vessel every
post-letter bag tendered to him for conveyance, and having received the same, shall
deliver it, on his arrival at the place of his destination, without delay; and every
master of a vessel inward-bound shall cause all letters on board his vessel (except
those belonging to the owners of the vessel, or of the goods on board, which do
not exceed the prescribed weights) to be collected and enclosed in some bag or
other envelope, and to be sealed with his seal, and to be addressed to any of Her
Majesty's Deputy Postmasters, that they may be in readiness to send on shore by
his own boat, or by the pilot boat, or by any other safe or convenient means, in
order that the same may be delivered at the first regular Post-Office which can be
communicated with, and at the regular place where the vessel shall report shall
sign a declaration in the presence of the person authorised by the Postmaster.
General at such place, who shall also sign the same, and the declaration shall be in
the form, or the effect following, viz.:-
DECLARATION OF MASTERs.
“I, A. B., Commander of the [state the name of the ship or vessel), arriving
“from [state the place], do, as required by law, solemnly declare, That I have,
“to the best of my knowledge and belief, delivered, or caused to be delivered, to
“the Post-office, every letter, bag, package, or parcel of letters that were on
“board the [state the name of the ship], except such letters as are exempted by
“ law.”
Vessels not to Report before declaration made as to Letters. Officers to
search, &c.—And no collector, controller, or principal officer of customs shall
permit such vessel to report till such declaration shall be made and produced; and
no vessel shall be permitted by any officer of the customs to break bulk, or to
make entry in any port of the British dominions, until all letters on board the same
shall be delivered to the Post-Office, where posts are or hereafter may be
established, and whence such letters may be despatched by post, except such
letters, commissions, and other things as are excepted by the Post-Office Acts
from the exclusive privilege of the Postmaster-General, and also except all such
letters as shall be brought by a vessel liable to the performance of quarantine, all
which last mentioned letters shall be delivered by the persons having possession
thereof to the persons appointed to superintend the quarantine, that all proper pre-
cautions may be by them taken before the delivery thereof; and when due care has
been had therein, the letters shall be by them despatched in the usual manner by
the post; and the principal officer of customs at every port shall search every
vessel for letters which may be on board contrary to the provisions of the Post-
Office Acts, and may seize all such letters and forward them to the nearest Post-
Office; and the officer who shall so seize and send them shall be entitled to a moiety
of the penalties which may be recovered for any such offence; and in case an
officer of customs shall find a letter superscribed as the letter of an owner or char-
terer, or consignee or shipper, exceeding the weight, hereinbefore limited, then the
officer shall seize so many of the letters as shall reduce the remainder within the
proper weight, and he shall take the same to the nearest Post-Office, and the
Postmaster of the same shall pay to the officer delivering the same any sum the
Postmaster General, with the consent of the Lords of the Treasury, may think fit,
not exceeding two shillings and sixpence for every post-letter so seized; and the
Postmaster-General may appoint any person to demand, from the masters of
* As to alteration in gratuities, see $ 61.


250 UNITED KINGDOM.–Post OFFICE. [1845.
vessels arriving at or off a port of the United Kingdom, all letters on board the
same not exempted by the Post-Office Acts; and the master of any such vessel
shall forthwith deliver all such letters on board to such person, on his demanding
the same. § 36.
Penalties as to Master's Refusal to take Letters.--Certain penaltics under
7 Will. 4, and 1 Vict., c. 34 & 36, imposed on every master of a vessel outward-
bound to Ceylon, the Mauritius, the East Indies, or the Cape of Good Hope, who
shall refuse to take a post-letter bag delivered or tendered to him by an officer of
the Post-Office, shall henceforth apply to the master of erery vessel outward-
bound who shall refuse to take a post-letter hag, delivered or tendered to him
for conveyance by an officer of the Post-Office ; and the penalty which, by the
Act of 1 Vict., is imposed on every master of a vessel who shall refuse or wilfully
neglect to make the declaration of having delivered his ship letters to the Post-
Office, as required by 1 Vict., c. 35.” shall henceforth apply to the master of
every vessel who shall refuse or wilfully neglect to make the declaration of having
delivered his ship letters to the Post-Oſlice, as is required by this Act. and by the
said first-mentioned Act imposed on every collector, controller, or officer of
customs, who by the said last-mentioned Act is required to prohibit any vessel re-
porting until the requisites of such last-mentioned Act shall have been complied
with, and who shall permit such vessel to report before the requisites of such Act
shall have been complied with, shall henceforth apply to every collector, con-
troller, or officer of customs who by this Act is required to prohibit any vessel
reporting until the requisites of this Act have been complied with, and who shall
permit such vessel to report before the requisites of this Act shall have been com-
plied with. § 37.
Colonial Newspapers.-The Postmaster-General, with the consent of the Com-
missioners of Iier Alajesty's Treasury, may allow colonial newspapers to pass by
the post between places within any of Her Majesty's colonies, or by packet boat
or private ship, from one colony to another colony, whether through the United
Kingdom or not ; and also allow foreign newspapers to pass through the United
Kingdom either to Her Majesty's colonies or from one foreign country to another
foreign country, by packet boat or private ship ; and also allow British newspapers
to be sent to the colonies through a foreign country, and colonial newspapers to be
sent through a foreign country to the United Kingdom, or through the United
Kingdom to a foreign country, free ºf postage, or subject to such rates of postage
and under such regulations as the Postmaster-General, with such consent, may
think fit. § 49.
Linitation of Time for Posting Newspapers.-Every British newspaper sent
by the post to places out of the United Kingdom, shall in all cases be put into a
Post-Office or receiving office in the United Kingdom within seven days next after
the day on which the same shall be published, the day of publication to be ascer-
tained by the date of such newspaper; and in case a paper shall be put into a
Post-Office after the expiration of such seven days, the Post-master-General may
either detain the paper, or forward it by post charged with full postage as a letter.
§ 50.
Newspapers re-directed.—In ease any person to whom a printed newspaper
brought into the United Kingdom shall be directed, shall have removed from the
place to which it shall be directed, before the delivery thereof at that place, it may
(provided it shall lot have been opened) be re-directed and forwarded by post to
such person at any other place within the United Kingdom free of charge for such
extra conveyance; but if the newspaper shall have been opened, it shall be charged
with the same rate as if it were a letter from the place of re-direction to the place
at which it shall be ultimately delivered. § 51.
Hou Privileged Persons may send by private Ships.-Gratuities to Masters.-
Any such privileged persons may both send and receive letters, not exceeding half
an ounce in weight, by private ships, between the United Kingdom and places
beyond the seas, on their own private concerns, at the like postage for each letter,
and subject to the like conditions, in all respects, as are hereinbefore mentioned in
respect of letters sent and received by any such privileged persons by the post;
but whenever the letters sent or received by any such privileged persons shall be
* Penalty of £50.


PART VII.] UNITED KINGDOM.–Post Office. 251
conveyed, or be intended to be conveyed, by private ships, the gratuities payable
by law to the masters of such vessels in respect of such letters shall in all cases be
paid to the Post-Office in addition to such postage. § 54.
Foreign Postage.—The said privilege shall not extend to any letters liable to
any foreign rates of postage. § 55.
How Gratuities to Masters of Vessels may be altered.—It shall be lawful for
the Commissioners of Her Majesty's Treasury to make any reduction, increase
or alteration they may consider expedient in the gratuities allowed by this Act to
masters of vessels for letters and newspapers conveyed by them for the Post-Office,
or delivered by them to the Post-Office, and to allow such gratuities for the con-
veyance of letters and newspapers to masters of vessels passing to or from or
between any of Her Majesty's colonies or possessions beyond the seas, as they
shall think fit, and also to allow any gratuities to be paid to pilots, seamen, or
others on the letters and newspapers they may bring to any Post-Office from any
vessels. § 61.
Combustibles.—No person shall post or cause to be posted, or send or cause to
be sent, or tender or deliver in order to be sent by the post, any letter containing
any explosive or other dangerous material or substance, and no such letter shall be
forwarded by the post. § 62.
How Letters to be posted, &c.—Post letters shall be posted, forwarded, con-
veyed, and delivered, subject to all such orders, and under all such conditions, as
to the form, size, dimensions, enclosures, or otherwise, as the Postmaster-General,
with the consent of the Commissioners of Her Majesty's Treasury, shall from time
to time direct. § 63.
Contraband Goods.--It shall be lawful for the Postmaster-General, or any of
his officers, to detain any post letter suspected to contain any contraband goods,
and forward the same to the commissioners of customs, who, in the presence of
the person to whom the same may be addressed, or in his absence, in case of non-
attendance, after notice in writing from the commissioners requiring his attendance,
left at or forwarded by the post, according to the address on the letter, may open
and examine the same, and in case on any such examination any contraband goods
shall be discovered, the said commissioners may detain the letter and its contents
for the purpose of prosecution: and if no contraband goods be discovered in such
letter, the same shall, if the party to whom the same is addressed be present, be
handed over to him on his paying the postage (if any) charged thereon, or, if he
shall not be present, the same shall be returned to the Post-Office, and be for-
warded to the place of its address. § 65.
Commencement of Act.—This Act shall come into operation on the first day of
September, one thousand eight hundred and forty. § 65.
ILLEGALLY SENDING, COLLECTING, CONVEYING, OR
IDELIVERING I, CTTERS.
Every person who dispatches or sends, or causes to be sent, or tenders or
delivers, in order to be sent otherwise than by post, a letter not exempted from
the exclusive privilege of the Postmaster-General, forfeits for every letter 5l.
Every person who receives, takes up, or collects any letter not exempted from
the exclusive privilege of the Postmaster-General, forfeits for every letter 5l.
Every person who conveys otherwise than by post, or delivers a letter not
exempted from the exclusive privilege of the Postmaster-General, forfeits for every
letter 5 l.
Every person who makes a collection of exempted letters for the purpose of
conveying or sending them otherwise than by post, or even by the post, forfeits for
every letter 5l.
And every person who is in the practice of committing any of the above men-
tioned acts, forfeits for every week during which the practice is continued 100l.
By the 13th section, pecuniary penalties incurred under the Post Office Acts,
not exceeding 20l., may be recovered in a summary way before a Justice of the


252 UNITED KINGDOM.–PosT OFFICE. [1845.
Peace, by any person who will sue for the same ; one moiety whereof will belong
to the Crown, and the other moiety, with full costs of suit, to the person who
informs and prosecutes.
Magistrates, Clerks of the Peace, and Town Clerks, are to pay over and remit
the Crown's share of the penalties, in strict conformity to the directions of the
16th section.
The following letters are exempted from the exclusive privilege of the Post-
master-General, ris. :—
Letters sent by a private friend, in his way, journey, or travel, if delivered by
such friend to the party to whom they shall be directed:
Letters sent by a messenger on purpose—Commissions or returns thereof—
and affidavits and writs, process or proceeding, or returns thereof, issuing out of
a Court of Justice :—
Letters sent out of the United Kingdom by a private vessel:—
Letters of merchants, owners of vessels of merchandise, or of the cargo or load-
ing therein sent by such vessels, or in charge of any person employed by such
owners for the carriage of such letters, according to their respective directions, and
delivered to the respective persons to whom they shall be directed, without paying
or receiving hire or reward, or other advantage or profit for the same:
Letters concerning goods or merchandise sent by common known carriers, to
be delivered with the goods without hire or reward, or other profit or advantage,
for receiving or delivering such letters.
But the following persons are expressly forbidden to carry a letter, or to receive,
or collect, or deliver a letter, although they shall not receive hire or reward for the
same, viz.:-
Common known carriers, their servants or agents, except a letter concerning
goods in their carts or waggons, or on their pack horses, and owners, drivers, or
guards of stage coaches.
| Vict., c. 36.


PART VII.] UNITED KINGDOM.–Post OFFICE. 253
pºcket RATEs, D.T.T.s.
The Single Rate on all Foreign and Colonial Letters when conveyed by Packet
is as follows:–
BY PACKET FROM SOUTHAMPTON, Single Rate,
Retween the United Kingdom and i s d
Lisbon. . - - -- - - - - - 1 : 9
Spain (by Southampton Packet) - - - . . . 2 2
*Greece and Egypt (Alexandria excepted) -- * - . . . * 6
Alexandria - - ~ * - - - - - - l 6
*Panama, Chili, and Peru - - - - r x - - 1 0
Hayti & the Foreign West India Islands (Cuba excepted) | l 5
*Venezuela - - - - - - | 1 6
*Mexico, Cuba and New Granada . 2 3
Gibraltar -- - - Y t
Malta - - - - -
Ionian Islands - - - -
*Honduras - - - - g o
British West Indies (Jamaica & Berbice excepted) * -
Kingston, Jamaica - -
India, via Southampton
Hong Kong, via Southampton
Madeira, via Lisbon - - - - - - . . . l 9
*Ditto, by West India Parket - - - * -- . . . 1 10
Jamaica, the Packet Port of This includes the Internal Colonial |
Kingston excepted } { ... . 3 oz. } | 2
Berbice -
J3Y PACKET FROM FALMOUTH.
Inland Postage
! Packet Rate , iſ not posted | Total Single
from -
| or delivered at Rate, º
Falmouth. the Port. .
Between the United Kingdom and | º
s, d. t s, d. S. º
*Madeira l 8 | tº 2 } :0 -
*Brazil 2 7 | 2 2 9
*Buenos Ayres 2 5 i () 2 2 7
BY PACKET FROM LIVERPOOL.
*United States - - ... Y
Bermuda - - - - * :
Halifax, N. S. - - ... }. Uniform Rate of - - l 6
Newfoundland - - - -
*British North America, ria Hoston -- |
Upper and Lower Canada, Prince Edward) Uniform Rate of - - j 2
Island, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia - [This includes the Internal Colo-
(Halifar earcepted) nial rate of 2d. per 3 oz.3
By PACKET FROM I) OVER.
- , Inland Postage -
Packet Rate when Total Single :
from Dover. passing through Rate. -
* London.
Between the United Kingdom and I
- s. d. : s. d. s, d.
- I 0 8
B. elgium | {uſers Oz. } | 0 2 0 10
France and Algeria d - * d : British & Foreign wouder a 3 oz. 0 10
*Spain. Portugal. Sardinia, Tuscany an .
*... via },. “ y } - Ditto -- 0 20
*Switzerland, Prussia, Belgium, Holland,Y
Two Sicilies, Papal States, Modena, U, Uniform British Rate not ex-
Parma, Placentia, Greece, Archipelago, ceeding ; ot. - - {} 5
and Ionian Islands, via France .* |
Baden, and Bavaria, ria Franre - Ditto . . . - 5
Austrian Dominions and Cities of Cracow \ Uniform British and Foreign'
and Belgrade, ria France. .. rate under a 4 oz. ... } 5,
Certain Northern States of Furope, for-Y
warded through the Office of Tour and J)itto i j 8
Taxis, ria France - - i
Certain States of Germany, served by the I)it -
Office of Tour and Taxis, ria France Itto - - 1 3
Wallachia and Moldavia, rid France I)itto . . . 1 9
* The Postage to all these destinations must be paid in advance,


254 UNITED KINGDOM.–Post OFFICE.
[1845.
BY PACKET FROM DOVER—continued.
Between the United Kingdom and
Total Single
Itate.
t
| Packet Rate from I)over.
|
Scutari in Asia, via France
Southern Poland (viz. the Governments º
i
|
Turkey in Europe, (Belgrade excepted, and } Uniform British and Foreign }
Rate under 3 oz.
Cracow, Lublin, and Sandomier , and J)itto
Southern Russia, ria France .
Alexandria, Smyrna, Dardanelles, and Con-
stantinople, by French Packet, ria Mar- H)1tto
seilles - - - -
Tuscany and Two Sicilies - ditto 1) it to
Roman States and Greece -- ditto I) it to
Malta ditto (lit to I)itto
Malta by the Monthly closed Mail, ria I)i
JIarseilles -- - - } it to
Alexandria ditto ditto ; I)itto
*India ditto ditto J)itt.)
*Hong Kong ditto ditto I) it to
*Ionian Islands ditto ditto 1) it to
|
|
S.
l
1
d.
11
|
3
cºmmº-ma-uu-sammº-º-ººrººlººnanºwº-ºº-ººººººººººº-º-º-º-º-
BY PA("KET FR() NI I,() NI) () N.
inland Postage
from London. delivered at the
i Port.
Total Single
Rate.
Paket Rate if not posted or
ſ
Between the United Kingdom and
s. d. s. d.
*Germany, I)enmark, Sweden, and Russia ' l s - 0 2
*Heligoland - - - - Uniform Rate of
*Hamburgh, Cuxhaven, and Lubeck I)itto
*Grand Duchy of Oldenburgh - I)itto . . -
Holland - - -- { Uniform British and Foreign
|
|
rate - - - -
Bremen - - -- I)itto
*Countries on the Continent of Europe, tia \, rº
Holland - - - - } Uniform Rate of
*Java, via Holland - - 1)itto
*New South Wales -- I)itto
d.


PART VII.] UNITED KINGDOM.—BILLs of Exchange, &c. 255
BILLS OF EXCHANGE, &c.
Be not made a beggar by banquetting on borrowing, when thou hast nothing in thy purse.—
Ecclesiasticus xviii. 33.
For Stamp Duties on Bills of Ewchange, see p. 240.
The statutes relating to Bills of Exchange, &c., are numerous, as will be seen
in the annexed list. A mere abridgment of them would occupy by far too great a
space for a work of the nature of the “Journal of Trade.” Besides, there are
able treatises on the subject by Bailey, Johnson, and others. More than is done
here, it would not therefore be prudent to attempt.
STATUTES.
1381. 5 Rich. 2, st. 1, c. 11. | 1804. 44 G. 3, c. 91.
160 ſ. 5 W. & M., c. 21, s. 5, 1805. 4.5 G. 3, c. 25, 41, 80.
1698. 9 & 10 W. 3, c. 17. : 1808. 48 (r. 3, c. 88.
3 & 4 Ann.
#. 3, c. 51.
1704
1811. 51 (+. 3, c. 127.
1814. 55 G. 3, c. 6, 100, 184,
3. c. 9:
1818.
1821.
1826. 7 (;. 4, c. 6
1827. 7 & 8 G. 4, c. 15.
1828. Q G. 4, c. 14, 23, 24, 32, 40, 71.
1831. 1 W. 1, c. 66.
1832. 2 & 3 W. 4, c. 98.
1833. 3 & 4 W. 4, c. 98.
1835. 5 & 6 W. 4, c. 41.
1836. 6 & 7 W. 4, c. 58.
1839. 2 & 3 Vict., c. 37.
Loans, or Forbearance of Money, above 10t. Evceptions as to Lands, &c.—
From the passing of this Act [29th July, 1839], no bill of exchange or promissory
note made payable at or within twelve months after the date thereof, or not having
more than twelve months to run, nor any contract for the loan or forbearance of
money, above the sum of ten pounds sterling, shall, by reason of any interest
taken thereon or secured thereby, or any agreement to pay or receive or allow
interest in discounting, negotiating or transferring any such bill of exchange or
promissory note, be void, nor shall the liability of any party to any such bill of
exchange or promissory note, nor the liability of any person borrowing any sum of
money as aforesaid, be affected, by reason of any statute or law in force for the
prevention of usury; nor shall any person or body corporate drawing, accepting,
endorsing, or signing any such bill or note, or lending, or advancing, or forbearing
any money as aforesaid, or taking more than the present rate of legal interest, in
Great Britain and Ireland respectively, for the loan or forbearance of money as
aforesaid, be subject to any penalties under any statute or law relating to usury,
or any other penalty or forfeiture; anything in any law or statute relating to usury,
or any other law whatsoever in force in any part of the United Kingdom, to the
contrary notwithstanding : Provided, that nothing herein contained shall extend to
the loan or forbearance of any money upon security of any lands, tenements, or
hereditaments, or any estate or interest therein. 2 & 3 Vict., c. 37, § 1. [July
29, 1839].
Legal Rate of Interest.—Nothing in this Act shall be construcd to enable any
person to claim, in any court of law or equity, more than 5 per cent. interest on
any account, or on any contract or engagement, notwithstanding they may be
relieved from the penalties against usury, unless it appear to the court that any
different rate of interest was agreed to between the parties. § 2.
Pawnbrokers.-Nothing herein shall extend to repeal or affect any statute
relating to pawnbrokers. § 3.
Continuance.—By 6 & 7 Vict. c 45 [10th Aug. 1843], further continued until
.Jan. 1, 1846.


PART THE EIGHTH.
UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN
AND IRELAND.
WAREHOUSING.
PRELIMINARY REMARKS.
ANTECEDENTLY to the present century a system of restraint and prohibition
pervaded the administration of our maritime and revenue affairs, producing incon-
venience to the merchant and detriment to commerce. Much of such incon-
venience arose from the circumstance of the import duties being required to be
paid on the landing of goods, amounting frequently to many thousand pounds.
Such was more particularly the case during the late war, when the usual regu-
larity of commercial transactions was much interrupted, and the merchant at
times called upon, on the unexpected arrival of a ship, for a large advance of
duties. This gave rise to a system of deferring payment, by allowing goods to
be secured in warehouses, or other approved places, under the locks of the Crown,
and to be taken out as might suit the convenience of parties, the payment not
being called for until the goods were so taken out. Hence, in 1803, the esta-
blishment of the GENERAL WAREHOUSING SYSTEM.
Numerous have been the claims as to the origin of this system. May it not,
however, be traced to the primitive ages 2 for we read in Genesis,* in the affecting
history of Joseph and and his brethren, “Let Pharaoh appoint officers over the
land. And let them gather all the food, and lay up corn, and let them keep the
food in the cities, and that food shall be for STORE.”
Sir Robert Walpole, in 1733, when he brought forward his excise scheme,
attempted a measure of this sort on a very limited scale, but, in consequence of
severe opposition, abandoned it. Dean Tucker, too, in 1750, made a similar pro-
posal without effect. The measure, however, was revived at the beginning of the
present century, and the management of it confided to the late Mr. Frewin, then
Chairman of the Board of Customs—a post, by the bye, which he held for a very
extended period, with no less honour to himself than of advantage to the country.
The principle upon which the Warehousing Act was founded, was, that goods
upon being taken out either for home consumption, for exportation, or for removal
coastwise, should be subject to the like conditions as when first imported. This
was then deemed a prodigious boon—such it unquestionably was. Perhaps, with
* Chap. xii., 34–36.


PART VIII.] UNITED KINGDOM.–WAREHousing. 257
reference to the long and expensive war in which we were at that time engaged, it
is not saying too much, “not to speak it profanely,” that it was the salvation of
the country.
In progress of time, such principle became greatly modified. The wants and
conveniences of merchants were made known. These were met from time to time,
in a spirit of frankness by the Government. The result has been that many
advantages have been conceded, and large allowances granted. Amongst the
chief, are those on goods deposited in warehouses of special and of extra security,
and on the delivery of sugar, wine, and spirits. The warehousing department has
now become by far the most important in the whole circle of fiscal affairs. It is
by no means an unusual thing for orders to be issued in a single day to a common
locker for the delivery of goods, the duties alone on which amount to £10,000 or
even £15,000—for several thousands is almost an every-day occurrence.
The value of the merchandise, deposited in warehouses under this system, at
London, Liverpool, Bristol, Hull, and other ports, cannot be estimated for merely
government duties, supposing the stock-on-hand to be equal only to three years'
consumption, at less than FIFTY MILLIONs. Our ancestors would have been
startled at the hint of the bare possibility of such an event—even some of our con-
temporaries may not, perhaps, be aware of the fact. Still, such is the case. His-
tory shows nothing equal to this—no, not even “Solomon in all his glory.” This
wast machinery is, nevertheless, kept in regular and almost perpetual motion.
Upon the whole it may be said the merchant gets his due supply—the government
the just portion of duties.—Ed.
--a
Warehousing before payment of Duties.—When Duties to commence.—
It shall be lawful for the importer of any goods subject to any duties of
customs to warehouse such goods upon the first entry thereof, under the
laws in force for the warehousing of goods, without payment of duty upon
such first entry; and all goods which shall have been so warehoused before
the commencement of any such duties, and shall remain so warehoused after
the commencement of the same, shall become liable to such duties in lieu of
all former duties. 3 & 4 Will. 4, c. 57, § 5.
How Prohibited Goods may be warehoused for Exportation.—Any
goods, of whatsoever sort, may be imported into the United Kingdom to be
warehoused under the regulations of any Act in force for the time being for
the warehousing of goods, without payment of duty at the time of the first
entry thereof, or notwithstanding that such goods may be prohibited to be
imported into the United Kingdom to be used therein, except the several
sorts of goods mentioned in p. 37. 3 & 4 Will. 4, c. 52, § 58.
Ports.-Warehouses.—Sorts of Goods.-Warehouse Bond.—It shall be
lawful for the commissioners of His Majesty's treasury, by their warrant
from time to time, to appoint the ports” in the United Kingdom which shall
be warehousing ports for the purpose of this Act; and it shall be lawful for
the commissioners of customs, subject to the authority and direction of the
commissioners of His Majesty's Treasury, by their order from time to time
to appoint in what warehouses or places of special security, or ordinary
security, as the case may require, in such ports, and in what different parts
or divisions of such warehouses or places, and in what manner any goods,
and what sorts of goods may and may only be warehoused and kept and
secured without payment of any duty upon the first entry thereof, or for ex-
portation only, in cases wherein the same may be prohibited to be imported
for home use; and also in such order to direct in what cases (if any) security
* See List of Ports hereafter in this Part.


258 UNITED KINGDOM.—WAREHOUSING. [1845.
by bond, in manner hereinafter provided, shall be required in respect of any
warehouse so appointed by them.* 3 & 4 Will. 4, c. 57.
* SITUATION OF waſtEHOUSES, FITTING-UP, &c.
By C. O., May 25, 1821, the situation of all warehouses, vaults, yards, and ponds are not to
exceed one thousand yards from the Custom House; and that there be no private commu-
nication therewith whatever.
By C. O., May 25, 1821, the following regulations are to be observed at the out-ports, as to
the situation, fitting and securing of warehouse, vaults, yards, and ponds intended for the
reception of goods to be warehoused under the Warehousing Act, riz.:
That where bonded goods are allowed to be deposited in my part of a stack of warehouses,
the whole stack to be in the occupation, and under the locks of the Crown, and in the cus-
tody of the revenue officers; that the tiles or slates of each roof be well pointed internally,
the skylights stopped up and the rafters ceiled, and when the floors are continued over a
gateway, that the same also be ceiled; that a sufficient number of windows be made in the
building to supersede, as far as practicable, the necessity of using candles, such windows to
be secured by stout hammered iron bars, deeply fixed in the brickwork; and on the ground
floor, by shutters, made to open internally, with strong hinges thereon and a cross bar to
each window, in addition to the iron bars already mentioned; and all windows opening into
private yards, or over other buildings, and all superfluous windows, together with the fire-
places or chimneys, be stopped up with brickwork as solid as the walls themselves; that all
the entrances into such warehouses have strong doors furnished with screw-staples and
hasps, each screw to be secured by a nut, and riveted on the inside to prevent the fasten-
ings from being drawn; and that such entrance doors open into the street, or other public
way, so as to be at all times accessible for the easy examination of the locks and fastenings,
without º through other doors or gates; that the capsterns of such warehouses be
separated from the rooms by well-boarded partitions mailed on the inside, that when any
such warehouse is submitted for approval, the officer, in addition to the foregoing particu-
lars, do also report whether there are any windows in the adjoining premises which overlook
the roof of the warehouse proposed: and if so, that he do transmit a plan of the building,
showing its relative situation with other premises, and state how far, in his opinion, the
security of it is thereby diminished.—As to privileges, see p. 267.
VAU LTS.
By C. O., May 25, 1821, a brick arch to be continued to the entrance of vaults, that there be
strong doors at such entrances, furnished with screw-staples, and hasps, and secured in
the same manner as the fastenings to the doors of the bonding warehouses. That such
entrance doors be immediately from a public street, or lane, so that the officers may at all
times be enabled to approach the same, for the purpose of examining the locks and fasten-
ings therein, without passing through any other door or gates; that the holes for the admis-
sion of air into such warehouses and vaults do not exceed mine inches in diameter, and be
secured by two stout cross iron bars, deeply fixed in the brickwork; and that when such
warehouses and vaults are offered for approval, the officers report whether there be any and
what air holes or windows therein, and describe the size of them, and by what means they
are secured.
YARDS.
By C. O., August 7, 1829, that yards be surrounded by solid brick walls of at least twelve feet
in height, coped with mortar and broken glass; or a close wooden fence, or an open wooden
fence, with intervals not exceeding one inch, of the height of twelve feet; that the entrance
gates into such yards open into a street or public way, and be always accessible to the offi-
cers for the purpose of examining the locks and fastenings thereon, without passing through
any other gates or doors whatever; that such entrance gates be strong, and the fastenings
thereon secured in the same manner as the fastenings of the entrance doors to the bonding
warehouses, that such yards be not overlooked by any windows in the adjoining premises so
contiguous as to form any liability of danger to the revenue.
PONIDS.
By C. O., Aug. 7, 1829, ponds are to have a strong wooden fence ten feet in height, erected on
the top of the banks as their boundary, and the entrance thereof secured by stout booms,
with proper fastenings for the Queen’s lock.
EXTRA SECURITY.
By T. O., Nov. 29, 1836, warehouses to be entitled to the privileges of extra security are to
be put into a perfect state of repair, and secured to the satisfaction of the proper officers in
the manner following, viz.:-That a lock be placed on the inside of every working door,
of every window of the ground floor, and of every window looking into a private yard; that
the entrance door be of uniform thickness, and also the window-shutters and working-doors
on the ground floor, such doors and shutters to be likewise lined with sheet iron, or strapped
with iron; that in such warehouses where the staircases are separated from the rooms by
wooden partitions, the partitions be strapped with iron in such a manner as to enable the
officer to discover whether improper access had been had to the rooms; every aperture or
window to have iron wire-work not exceeding two inches in the diameter or square affixed
thereto by being worked into the brick-work, in addition to the iron bars and shutters, that
no door be allowed to open into a private yard unless the front or open street light be insuf-
ficient to light the room.—As to privileges, see p. 268.
UNOCCUPIED ROOMS.
By C. O., July 10, 1817, authority is given to extend to the port of Bristol, the same regu-


PART VIII.] UNITED KINGDOM.—WAREHousing. 259
lations as adopted in the port of London in respect to the depositing goods on which the
duties have been paid, or corn, in any of the rooms in warehouses approved for ware-
housing bonded goods, when such rooms are not occupied with bonded goods.
Warehouses of Special Security.—Warehouses connected with Wharf,
and within Walls, &c.—Whenever any warehouse shall have been approved
of by the said commissioners, as being a warehouse of Special security, it
shall be stated in their order of appointment that such warehouse is ap-
pointed as a warehouse of special security; provided that all warehouses
connected with wharfs for the landing of goods to be lodged therein, and
enclosed together with such wharfs within walls, such as are or shall be re-
quired by any Act for the constructing of such warehouses and wharfs, and
being appointed to be legal quays, shall without any order of the com-
missioners of customs be warehouses for the purposes of this Act, for all
goods landed at such wharfs or quays at any port appointed by the com-
missioners of His Majesty's treasury to be a warehousing port as aforesaid,
and all such warehouses shall be warehouses of special security. § 3.
Bonds be given previous to Act.—All appointments of warehouses for the
warehousing of goods made under the authority of any other Act in force at
the time of the commencement of this Act, shall continue in force as if the
same had been made under the authority of this Act, and all bonds given
in respect of any goods warehoused or entered to be warehoused under any
Act in force at the time of the commencement of this Act shall continue in
force for the purposes of this Act. § 4. -
Tobacco Warehouse—Rent.—The Commissioners of Customs shall, out
of the moneys arising from the duties of customs, provide from time to time
the warehouses for the warehousing of tobacco at the ports into which
tobacco may be legally imported; provided, that for every hogshead, chest,
or case of tobacco so warehoused, the importer or proprietor thereof shall
pay for warehouse rent such sum or sums, not exceeding any sum payable
under any Act in force at the time of the commencement of this Act, and at
such periods and in such manner as the Commissioners of His Majesty's
Treasury shall from time to time by their warrant direct. § 5.
Power to revoke or alter Appointment.—It shall be lawful for the said
Commissioners of His Majesty's Treasury by their warrants, and for the said
Commissioners of Customs by their order, from time to time to revoke any
former warrant or any former order, or to make any alteration in or addition
to any former warrant or any former order made by them as aforesaid
respectively. § 6. -
Publication in Gazette.—Every order made by the said Commissioners of
Customs in respect of warehouses of special security, as well those of ori-
ginal appointment as those of revocation, alteration, or addition, shall be
published in the London Gazette for such as shall be appointed in Great
Britain, and in the Dublin Gazette for such as shall be appointed in
Ireland. § 7.
How Warehouse-keeper may give General Bond–Importers’ Special
Bond.—Before any goods shall be entered to be warehoused in any ware-
house in respect of which security by bond shall be required as aforesaid
the proprietor or occupier of such warehouse, if he be willing, shall give
general security by bond, with two * sufficient sureties, for the payment of
the full duties of importation on all such goods as shall at any time be ware-
housed therein or for the due exportation thereof; and, if such proprietor or
occupier be not willing to give such general security, the different importers
of the separate quantities of goods shall, upon each importation, give such
security in respect of the particular goods imported by them respectively,
before such goods shall be entered to be warehoused. § 8.
* By 6 & 7 Vict., c. 84, § 16 [Aug. 22, 1843], no more than one surety shall be required to any
such bond, and the penalty of all such bonds shall be double the amount of the duty to which
such goods are liable.
s -
2


260 UNITED KINGDOM. —WAREHOUSING, [1845.
How Sale of Goods in Warehouse by Proprietor to be valid—Transfer
of Goods to be entered in a Book.-If any goods lodged in any warehouse
be the property of the occupier of such warehouse, and be bona fide sold by
him, and upon such sale there shall have been a written agreement signed
by the parties, or a written contract of sale made, executed, and delivered
by a broker or other person legally authorised for or on behalf of the parties
respectively, and the amount of the price stipulated in the said agreement
or contract shall have been actually paid or secured to be paid by the pur-
chaser, every such sale shall be valid, although such goods shall remain in
such warehouse; provided that a transfer of such goods according to such
sale shall have been entered in a book to be kept for that purpose by the
officer of customs having the charge of such warehouse, who is hereby re-
quired to keep such book, and to enter such transfers, with the duties thereof,
upon application of the owners of the goods, and to produce such book upon
demand made. § 9.
Stowage in Warehouse—Entry.—All goods warehoused shall be stowed
in such manner as that easy access may be had to every package and parcel
of the same; and if the occupier of the warehouse shall omit so to stow the
same, he shall for every such omission forfeit the sum of 5l.; * and if any
goods be taken out of any warehouse without due entry of the same with the
proper officers of customs, the occupier of the warehouse shall be liable to
the payment of the duties due thereon. § 10.
Goods fraudulently concealed or removed—Opening Warehouse illegally.
—If any goods warehoused be fraudulently concealed in or removed f from
the warehouse, the same shall be forfeited; and if any importer or proprietor
of any goods warehoused, or any person in his employ, shall by any con-
trivance fraudulently open the warehonse or gain access to the goods, except
in the presence of the proper officer acting in the execution of his duty, such
importer or proprietor shall forfeit and pay for every such offence 500l.
§ 11.
Account on Entry and Landing—Marking–Alteration in Packages.—
Within one month after any tobacco shall have been warehoused, and
upon the entry and landing of any other goods to be warehoused, the proper
officer of customs shall take a particular account of the same, and shall mark
the contents on each package, and shall mark the word “prohibited” on
such packages as contain goods prohibited to be imported for home use;
and all goods shall be, warehoused and kept in the package in which they
shall have been imported, and no alteration shall be made in the packages
of the packing of any goods in the warehouse, except in the cases herein-
after provided. § 12.
How and when Goods to be carried to Warehouse.—All goods entered
to be warehoused, or to be re-warehoused, shall be carried to the warehouse
under the care or with the authority or permission of the proper officer of
customs, and in such manner and by such persons, and by such roads or
ways, and within such space of time, as the proper officer of customs shall
authorise, permit, or direct; and all such goods not so carried shall be for-
feited. § 13.
When Goods to be cleared—Goods to be sold or destroyed—How Produce
applied—Purchaser allowed three Months—Company's Goods and “Piece
Goods.”—All goods which have been so warehoused shall be duly cleared,
* By 6 & 7 Vict, c. 84, § 17 [Aug. 22, 1843], the occupier of any warehouse in which goods
are permitted to be deposited shall, upon request being made by any officer duly authorised by
the commissioners of customs, immediately produce to such officer any goods deposited therein,
or received into his custody, for the delivery of which the occupier has not received an order duly
signed by the §. warehouse officer; and upon every failure thereof such occupier shall forfeit
#.” and above the duties to which every package or parcel of goods not so produced may be
lable,
† As to illegal removal, see p. 38.
- - ---


PART VIII.] UNITED KINGDOM.–WAREHousing. 261
either for exportation or for home use, within three years," and all surplus
stores of ships within one year from the day of the first entry thereof (unless
further time be given by the Commissioners of His Majesty's Treasury);
and if any such goods be not so cleared, it shall be lawful for the Commis-
sioners of Customs to cause the same to be sold, and the produce shall be
applied to the payment of warehouse rent and other charges, and the over-
plus, if any, shall be paid to the proprietor; and such goods, when sold,
shall be held subject to all the conditions to which they were subject previous
to such sale, except that a further time of three months from the date of the
sale shall be allowed to the purchaser, for the clearing of such goods from
the warehouse; and if the goods so sold shall not be duly cleared from the
warehouse within such three months, the same shall be forfeited; provided
that if the goods so to be disposed of shall have been imported by the East
India Company, or shall be of the description called “piece goods,” im-
ported from places within the limits of their charter, into the port of London,
the same shall be duly exposed to sale by the said Company at their next
ensuing sale, and shall be then sold for the highest price which shall be then
publicly offered for the same. § 14.
As to East India Goods, &c. see PART XI.
Goods Lost or Destroyed.—If any goods entered to be warehoused, or
entered to be delivered from the warehouse, be lost or destroyed by any
unavoidable accident, either on shipboard, or in the landing or shipping of
the same, or in the receiving into or delivering from the warehouse, it shall
be lawful for the commissioners of customs to remit or return the duties
payable or paid on the quantity of such goods so lost or destroyed. § 15.
[As to Wines, Spirits, and other Fluids, see Parts III. and IV,
Entry for Ewportation or Home Use—Ships' Stores.—No goods which
have been so warehoused shall be taken or delivered from the warehouse,
except upon due entry, and under care of the proper officers for exportation,
or upon due entry and payment of the full duties payable thereon for home
use, if they be such goods as may be used in the United Kingdom, except
goods delivered into the charge of the searchers to be shipped as stores, and
which shall and may be so shipped, without entry or payment of any duty
for any ship of the burden of seventy tons; at least, bound upon a voyage to
foreign parts, the probable duration of which, out and home will not be less
than forty days; provided always, that such stores shall be duly borne upon
the ships' victualling bill, and shall be shipped in such quantities, and
subject to such directions and regulations, as the commissioners of customs
shall direct and appoint. § 16.
* By C. O., May 20, 1831, and May 24, 1833, all warehoused goods for which the owner may
require an extension of time for payment of duty, may be allowed to remain in the warehouses
beyond the period prescribed by law; except in those cases where in consequence of deficiencies
arising from leakage and other causes, it may be advisable to call upon the parties for payment
of the duty legally due upon such deficiencies.
f By 5 & 6 Vict., c. 47 & 50 [July 9, 1842], it shall be lawful for the commissioners of cus-
toms to remit the dutes payable or paid on the whole or any portion of any goods which shall
be lost or destroyed by any unavoidable accident in the warehouse in which the same shall have
been deposited.
By C. O., March 1, 1832, in cases where it shall be proved to the satisfaction of the board that
goods have been lost on the voyage, the same be deemed satisfactorily accounted for and the
bond cannot be enforced.
# By C. O., May 12, 1825, entries may be dispensed with for the delivery of all goods to be
shipped from the bonded warehouses, except for goods ..". which any duty inwards is required
to be paid, previously to the delivery for exportation; and in lieu of such entries the proper offi-
cers are to certify, that security has been taken for the due exportation of the goods, and that no
duty is due on the export thereof; and upon such certificate being delivered to the warehouse-
keeper, he is to deliver the goods for exportation in the same manner as if an entry had been
passed for the same.
By C. O., Jan. 1834, it is stated that it is the practice in London, where a part of the original
importation has been exported, and a portion entered for home consumption, to charge the duty
upon a proportionate part of the deficiency on the quantity entered for home consumption.
[This was the case of a large portion of figs destroyed by rats.]
§ Now sixty tons.


262 UNITED KINGDOM.–WAREHOUSING. [1845.
[For List of Goods which may be shipped as Stores, see at the end of this
title. See also meat section,]
Rum for Stores and Surplus Stores—Payment of Duty.—Any rum of the
British plantations may be delivered into the charge of the searcher, to be
shipped as stores for any ship without entry or payment of any duty; and
any surplus stores of any ship may be delivered into the charge of the
searcher, to be re-shipped as stores for the same ship, or for the same master
in another ship, without entry or payment of any duty, such rum and such
surplus stores being duly borne upon the victualling bills of such ships re-
spectively; and if the ship for the future use of which any surplus stores
have been warehoused shall have been broken up or sold, such stores may
be so delivered for the use of any cther ship belonging to the same owners,
or may be entered for payment of duty, and delivered for the private use of
such owners, or any of them, or of the master or purser of such ship. § 17.
Entry and Payment of Duty on Goods for Home Use—Deficiency on
Faportation or Removal—How Walue ascertained.—Upon the entry of any
such goods to be cleared from the warehouse, if the same be for home use,
the persons entering such goods inwards shall deliver a bill of the entry and
duplicates thereof, in like manner as is directed by law in the case of goods
entered to be landed, as far as the same is applicable, and at the same time
shall pay down to the proper officer of customs the full duties of customs
payable thereon, and not being less in amount than according to the account
of the quantity first taken of the respective packages or parcels of the goods
in such entry at the examination thereof, at the time of the first entry and
landing of the same, without any abatement on account of any deficiency,
except as by this Act is otherwise provided; and if the entry be for ex-
portation,” or for removal to any other warehouse, and any of the packages
or parcels of goods be deficient of the respective quantities of the same,
according to the account first taken as aforesaid, a like entry inwards shall
also be passed in respect of the quantities so deficient, and the full duties
shall be paid on the amount thereof before such packages or parcels of
goods shall be delivered or taken for exportation or removal, except as by
this Act is otherwise provided : and if any goods so deficient in quantity
shall be such as are charged to pay duty according to the value thereof,
such value shall be estimated at the price for which the like sorts of goods
of the best quality shall have been last, or lately sold, either at any sale of
the East India Company or in any other manner as the case may be.t
§ 18.
Duties on Tobacco, Sugar, and Spirits. § 19. See PART. III.
Goods not actually Warehoused.—If after any goods shall have been duly
entered and landed to be warehoused, and before the same shall have been
actually deposited in the warehouse, the importer shall further enter the
same or any part thereof for home use or for exportation as from the ware-
house, the goods so entered shall be considered as virtually and construc-
tively warehoused, although not actually deposited in the warehouse, and
shall and may be delivered and taken for home use or for exportation as the
case may be. § 20.
Goods removed to other Ports–Tobacco for Use of Navy.—Any goods
which have been warehoused at some port in the United Kingdom may be
removed by sea or inland carriage to any other port in the same in which
the like goods may be warehoused upon importation to be re-warehoused at
such other port, and again as often as may be required to any other such
port, to be there re-warehoused. Tobacco, the produce of the British pos-
sessions in America, or of the United States of America, and purchased for
* Bond for export not to exceed double the amount of the duty.
i By C. O., September 26, 1820, entries for the delivery of wood goods from the bonded ware-
houses at the out-ports are not to be passed for less than the following quantities, viz.: for arti-
cles paying duty by tale, not less than one great hundred; and for those paying duty by mea-
sure, not less than one load,


PART VIII.] UNITED KINGDOM.—WAREHousing. 263
the use of His Majesty's navy, may be removed by the purser of any ship
of war in actual service to the ports of Rochester, Portsmouth, or Plymouth,
to be there re-warehoused, in the name of such purser, in such warehouse,
as shall be approved for that purpose by the Commissioners of Customs.
§ 21.
Entry of Goods for Removal—Account sent to other Port—Entry at
Port of Arrival—Forms of Entries–Examination by Officers—Certificate
of Arrival.—Before such goods shall be delivered to be removed, due
entry of the same shall be made, and a proper bill of such entry, with
duplicates thereof, be delivered to the collector or controller, containing
the before-mentioned particulars, and an exact account of the quantities
of the different sorts of goods; and such bill of the entry, signed by
the collector and controller, shall be the warrant for the removal of such
goods; and an account of such goods containing all such particulars, shall
be transmitted by the proper officers of the port of removal to the proper
officers of the port of destination; and upon the arrival of such goods at the
port of destination, due entry of the same to be re-warehoused shall in like
manner be made with the collector and controller at such port containing
all the particulars and accounts before-mentioned, together with the name of
the port from which such goods have been removed, and the description and
situation of the warehouse in which they are to be warehoused, and the bill
of such entry, signed by such collector and controller, shall be the warrant
to the landing officer and the warehouse officer to admit such goods to be
there re-warehoused, under such examination as is made of the like goods
when first warehoused upon importation from parts beyond the seas; and
the particulars to be contained in such notice and in such entries shall be
written and arranged in such form and manner as the collector and con-
troller shall require; and the officers at the port of arrival shall transmit
to the officers at the port of removal an account of the goods so arrived,
accordingly as they shall upon examination prove to be, and the warehouse
officers at the port of removal shall notify such arrival in their books.”
§ 22.
* REMOVAL, RE-WEIGHING, &c.
By C. O., March 23, 1826, entries for the delivery of warehoused goods from the warehouse,
may be dispensed with upon the proper officer certifying that due security has been taken; and
that the warehouse-keeper, upon the receipt of such certificate, do deliver the goods for removal in
the same manner as if an entry had been passed for the same.
By C. O., June 14, 1831, November 3, 1832, and July 19, 1833, upon arrival of articles from
one warehousing port to another, the produce of the East Indies, the same be entered and the
full duties paid thereon, or they be re-warehoused for home consumption only for a period not
exceeding two years, or for shipment as stores within one year, and the duties be charged
thereon, according to the denomination and the quantity of the articles as specified in the amount
transmitted from the port of removal.
By C. O., June 14, 1831, Nov. 3, 1832, and July 19, 1833, all articles of East India production
may, after having been regularly warehoused at one of the ports approved for the importation of
such goods, be removed to any of the ports which have been approved for warehousing of goods
in general, under the following regulations, viz., that bond be entered into with one sufficient
security, for the due delivery of the goods to proper officers at the port of destination, and for pay-
ment of the duties within two years, or shipment as stores within one year. . The officers at the
port of removal are, when practicable, to mark the contents upon every package intended to be
removed, and in all cases transmit a particular account of such goods, by post, to the collector
and controller at the port of destination; and that in cases where such goods are subject to an ad
valorem duty, the declaration of their value be made at the port of importation, and approved by
the proper officers, prior to removal. - - -
By C. O., September 6, 1832, and November 26, 1833, it being observed, that if any goods
removed from another port should remain in warehouse at the port of destination, without pay-
ment of duty, for one year from the date of removal, they be then re-weighed at the expense of
the parties to whom they may belong, and that the duty on any deficiency between such re-
weights and the original landing weights, be paid thereon; and on such removal of tobacco, the
declaration and security required be given either at the port of removal or at the port of desti-
nation, as most convenient to the parties interested; and in case of omission to give such security,
the proprietors be allowed to pay the duty at the port of arrival upon the weight ascertained at
the time of removal, the duties being tendered prior to the weighing of the tobacco, consequent
on its being re-warehoused. [As to time, see mote, p. 261.
By C, O., February 18, 1832, September 6, 1832, October 11, 1834, November 23, 1834, and
September 2, 1834, on arrival of any of the following articles from another warehousing port, all


264 UNITED KINGDOM.—WAREHOUSING, [1845.
Bond to Re-warehouse.—The persons removing such goods shall at the
time of entering the same give bond, with one sufficient surety, for the due
arrival and re-warehousing of such goods within a reasonable time (with
subsequent re-weighings at the port to which the goods are removed may be dispensed with,
provided the merchant upon taking the goods out of the warehouse for removal shall declare
that the goods are taken out and removed for home consumption only, and give security to pay
the duty according to the weight ascertained at the time of removal, viz.:-Ashes, viz. pearſ,
pot, soap, weed, wood; barrilla in packages, bristles; copperas, viz., blue, green, white; lead,
viz, black, red, white; madder, madder-root, molasses, ochre, orchelia, pitch, shumach, tallow,
tar, tea, tobacco, turpentine, wool, cotton.
By C. O., Noyember 6, 1832, and March 21, 1835, the duty on the increase in the weight of
articles removed be dispensed with, provided the quantity in each case is small, and there is no
reason to suspect fraud or to apprehend mistake.
By C. O., May 7, 1840, with respect to the minute of the 28th March last, in regard to the
removal of spirits and other articles from the bonded warehouses for the purpose of being
shipped, duty free, for the use of officers, serving on board Her Majesty's ships, it is directed
that the certificate required by the said minute from the commanding officers of the vessels,
acknowledging the receipt of the articles, he retained by the collectors and controllers at the
ports to which the goods shall be forwarded for shipment, and that the usual certificate, under
the 22d section of the Warehousing Act, be transmitted by them to the proper officers at the
ports of removal, for the purpose of cancelling the bond.
By C. O., September 11, 1841, it is stated that the Lords of the Treasury have been pleased
to authorise that board to permit the removal of British spirits from the duty-free warehouses
to the bonded warehouses of the customs, for shipment as stores under the regulations for
removal, sanctioned by their Lordships, with respect to British spirits to be mixed with rum
and foreign spirits for exportation, but observing that the spirits are to be transferred under the
bond, and in the names of the distillers by whom the spirits were originally warehoused, and
not in the name of the dealer, the bond to be cancelled on the receipt of a certificate from the
officers of customs that the spirits have been duly received into their custody.
By C. O., April 14, 1826, mahogamy and cedar may be removed coastwise, without re-weighing,
upon the parties paying the duty on the difference between the original landing weight, and the
weight aseertained at the port of arrival.
By T. O., March 18, 1826, warehoused goods brought coastwise, which are intended to be
entered for home consumption, immediately on the arrival at the port of destination to be de-
livered without being re-weighed, upon due entry and payment of duty according to the account
taken at the port of original importation.
By C. O., July 10, 1830, it is directed, that on parties making application to the proper officers
in London, or to the collectors and controllers at the out-ports, to remove goods coastwise under
bond, without the same being first re-weighed, the officers do take care to satisfy themselves that
the packages are in the state in which they were imported, and that the same be thereupon per-
mitted to be removed without being re-weighed, and that the goods be re-weighed on .
(except in the cases povided for by the Treasury order of March 18, 1826, viz., where warehouse
goods brought coastwise are intended to be entered for home consumption, immediately on arrival
at the port of destination, when the duty is to be paid according to the account taken at the
original port of importation), and that if any deficiency be found between such re-weights and
the original landing weights, the duty be paid on such deficiency forthwith.
By C. O., August 31, 1832, the indulgence of removing articles under bond without re-weigh-
ing, granted to sugar and molasses by the Treasury letter of the 13th February last, is extended
to the following articles only, viz.: ashes—pot, pearl, soap, wood, weed; barilla in packages;
bristles; copperas—green, white, blue; lead—black, red, white ; madder and roots; ochre:
orchelia; pitch and tar; shumach; tallow, wool, cotton. If any of such goods so removed,
remain in warehouse at the port of destination without payment of duty for one year from the
date of removal, they are then to be re-weighed at the expense of the parties to whom they may
belong, and the duty on any deficiency between such re-weights and the original landing weights
be paid thereon.
As to Tobacco, see PART III.
TIME FOR REMOVAL.
By C. O., March 21, 1833, it is stated, that various instances have occurred in which ware-
housed goods, sent coastwise or by inland navigation from port to port, under bonds, have got
into the possession of the parties without the knowledge of the officers of this revenue. In
future, particular attention is to be paid, in every case, to the preparation of the bond given by
the parties at whose instance the goods are removed; that the execution of the bond be attested
by the collector and controller; and that, when a reasonable time, with reference to the distance
of the port of destination, but in no case exceeding two months, shall have elapsed after the
removal of the goods without advice having been received of their arrival, the officers at such
port are to be called on for an explanation as to the cause thereof: and that, in the event of the
non-arrival of the goods within that period, the matter be forthwith represented to the Board for
directions, stating, at the same time, the measures taken to procure a landing certificate.
By C. O., September 10, 1839, in future the following time is to be allowed for removing goods
from one port to another, viz.:-
- - Stage coaches or railways....... - - - - - - - - - - - - - 10 days.
By land carriage .... { ;: other description . wheel-carriage ... . . . . . 14 y
By inland navigation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 month.
r: { Steam-vessels . . . . . . . . -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 14 days.
Coastwise . . . . . . . ' ' ' ' 'l Sailing-vessels . . . . . . . . . . --- - - - - - not exceeding 1 month.
Parties removing goods are to be required to specify the mode of conveyance intended, and
the same to be inserted in the account transmitted of the particulars of such goods, to the port


PART VIII.] UNITED KINGDOM.–WAREHousing. 265
reference to the distance between the respective ports, to be fixed by the
commissioners of customs) which bond may be taken by the collector and
controller either at the port of removal or the port of destination, as shall
best suit the residence or convenience of the persons interested in the re-
moval of such goods; and if such bond shall have been given at the port of
destination, a certificate thereof, under the hands of the collector and con-
troller of such port, shall, at the time of entering such goods, be proposed to
the collector or controller at the port of removal. § 28.
How Bond to be discharged—Deficiency.—Such bond shall not be dis-
charged, unless such goods shall have been duly re-warehoused at the port of
destination within the time allowed for such removal, or shall have been
otherwise accounted for to the satisfaction of the commissioners, nor until
the full duties due upon any deficiency of such goods shall have been paid,
nor until fresh security shall have been given in respect of such goods in
manner hereinafter provided, unless such goods shall have been lodged in
some warehouse in respect of which general security shall have been given
by the proprietor or occupier thereof, or in some warehouse in respect of
which no security is required.* $ 24.
Terms on which Goods Re-warehoused.—Such goods, when so re-ware-
housed, may be entered and shipped for exportation, or entered and delivered
for home use, as the like goods may be when first warehoused upon importa-
tion, and the time which such goods shall be allowed to remain re-ware-
housed at such port shall be reckoned from the day when the same were
first entered to be warehoused. § 25.
How, on arrival, Parties may enter to Ewport or take for Home Use,
without carrying to Warehouse.—Account.—If, upon the arrival of such
goods at the port of destination, the parties be desirous forthwith to export
of destination, together with the period allowed for the re-warehousing, or payment of duty on
the goods, and the condition of the bond to be accordingly. In all other respects the C. O. of
March 21, 1833, to be strictly obeyed.
y C. O. November 20, 1840, considerable difficulty being experienced in cancelling bonds
given under the provisions of the 23rd section of the Warehousing Act, and in conformity with
the minutes of September 10, and October 22, 1839, for the removal of warehoused goods from
one port to another, it being impracticable to ascertain at what period the bonds expire, in con-
sequence of the time allowed for the re-warehousing of the goods, commencing from the period
of their delivery from the warehouse, it has been submitted to the Board, with a view to remedy
the inconvenience complained of, that instead of the words now inserted in the bonds pursuant
to the above-mentioned minute, viz., “the delivery thereof from the warehouse for the purpose of
being removed and conveyed as aforesaid,” it will }. advisable that the words formerly made use
of, viz., “from the date hereof,” should be resorted to ; and that, adverting to the effect which
may be produccd by the above alteration, that the period of “seven days,” allowed by the
minute of the 10th September, 1839, above referred to, for the removal of warehoused goods by
“stage coaches or railways,” should be extended to ten days; and further, that the period of two
months, allowed by the said minute, for the removal of such goods by sailing, which is unne-
cessarily long, should be confined to one month.*
y C. O., September 11, 1841, no bonded goods shall be delivered for removal by land carriage
after the 31st of October, except to carmen, or other persons duly licensed, unless the goods be
accompanied by an officer of the revenue, and the expense thereby incurred defrayed by the
party; or unless they be removed by vans or other carriages under the locks of the crown and the
respective dock companies, agreeably to any law now in force relating thereto.
GOODS NOT DULY IDEPOSITED.
By 5 & 6 Vict, c. 47, § 52 [July 9, 1842], if any such goods shall be removed, and not deposited
in a warehouse or place of security, in pursuance of such entry, every person who shall remove, or
assist or be otherwise concerned in the removing of any such goods, or who shall knowingly har-
bour, keep, or conceal, or shall knowingly permit or suffered to be harboured, kept, or concealed,
any such goods so removed, and every person to whose hands and possession any such goods so
removed shall knowingly come, shall forfeit either the treble value thereof or the penalty of 100l.,
at the election of the Commissioners of Customs; and such goods shall be forfeited.
* Whereas, by 3 and 4 Will. 4, c. 52, § 122, it is enacted, that all bonds relating to the customs
required to be given in respect of goods or ships shall be taken by the collector and controller for
the use of His Majesty, and that after the expiration of three years from the date thereof, or from
the time (if any) limited therein for the performance of the condition thereof, every such bond
upon which no persecution shall have been commenced shall be void, and may be cancelled and
destroyed; and whereas it is expedient to amend so much of the said Act as regards bonds given
for securing the due exportation of or payment of duty upon goods warehoused according to law;
it is therefore enacted, that so much of the said last-mentioned Act as is hereinbefore recited shall
not extend to any bond given for securing the due exportation of or payment of duty upon goods
so warehoused. 4 & 5 Vict., c. 57, § 16. [July 9, 1842.]


266 UNITED KINGDOM.–WAREHOUSING. [1845.
the same, or to pay duty thereon for home use, without actually lodging the
same in the warehouse for which they have been entered and examined to
be re-warehoused, it shall be lawful for the officers of customs at such port,
after all the formalities of entering and examining such goods for re-ware-
housing have been duly performed (except the actual labour of carrying and
of lodging the same in the warehouse), to consider the same as virtually or
constructively re-warehoused, and to permit the same to be entered and
shipped for exportation, or to be entered and delivered for home use, upon
payment of the duties due thereon, in like manner as if such goods had been
actually so carried and lodged in such warehouse; and the account taken
for the re-warehousing of such goods may serve as the account for delivering
the same as if from the warehouse, either for shipment or for payment of
duties, as the case may be ; and all goods so exported, or for which the
duties have been so paid, shall be deemed to have been duly cleared from
the warehouse. § 26.
Removal in the same Port.—Any goods which have been warehoused in
some warehouse in the port of London may, with the permission of the
commissioners of customs first obtained, be removed to any other warehouse
in the said port in which the like goods may be warehoused on importation;
and any goods which have been warehoused in some warehouse in any other
port may, with the permission of the collector and controller of such port
first obtained, be removed to any other warehouse in the same port in which
the like goods may be warehoused on importation, under such general regu-
lations as the commissioners of customs shall direct. § 27.
Conditions of Removed Goods.--All goods which shall have been removed
from one warehouse for or to another, whether in the same port or in a dif-
ferent port, and all proprietors of such goods shall be held subject in all
respects to all the conditions to which they would have been held subject if
such goods had remained in the warehouse where the same had been
originally warehoused. § 28.
How New Owner may give Bond and release Original Bonder.—If any
goods shall have been warehoused in any warehouse in respect of which
general security by bond, as hereinbefore provided, shall not have been
given by the proprietor or occupier of such warehouse, and particular secu-
rity as in such case is required, shall have been given by the importer of
such goods in respect of the same, and such goods shall have been sold or
disposed of, so that the original bonder shall be no longer interested in or
have control over such goods, it shall be lawful for the proper officers to
admit fresh security to be given by the bond of the new proprietor of such
goods, or persons having the control over the same, with his sufficient surety,
and to cancel the bond given by the original bonder of such goods, or to
exonerate him or his surety to the extent of the fresh security so given. § 29.
In what cases Bond of Remover is to be in force.—If the person removing
any goods from one port to another, and who shall have given bond in re-
spect of such removal and re-warehousing, shall be and continue to be
interested in such goods, after the same shall have been duly re-ware-
housed, and such goods shall have been so re-warehoused in some ware-
house in respect of which security is required, and the proprietor or occupier
of the same shall not have given general security, the bond in respect of
such removal and re-warehousing shall be conditioned, and continue in
force for the re-warehousing of such goods, until fresh bond be given by
some new proprietor or other person, in manner hereinbefore provided.
§ 30.
Sorting, Separating, and Re-packing.—It shall be lawful in the ware-
house to sort, separate, pack, and repack” any goods, and to make such
lawful alterations therein, or arrangements thereof, as may be necessary
either for the preservation of such goods, or in order to the sale, shipment,
* As to re-packing for Stores, see “Stores,” at the end of this title.


PART VIII.] UNITED KINGDOM.–WAREHousing. 267
or legal disposal of the same ; provided that such goods be re-packed in the
same packages in which the same goods, or some part of the whole quantity
of the same parcel of goods, were imported, or in packages of entire quantity
equal thereto, or in such other packages as the commissioners of customs
shall permit (not being less in any case, if the goods be to be exported or to
be removed to another warehouse, than may be required by law for the im-
portation of such goods). § 31.
As to Bottling off Wine or Rum—Miwing Brandy with Wine—Filling up,
Racking off, or Miring Wine,—see PARTs III. and IV.
Samples.—It shall be lawful in the warehouse to take such moderate
samples of goods as may be allowed by the commissioners of customs,
without entry and without payment of duty, except as the same may even-
tually become payable, as on a deficiency of the original quantity." § 32.
How, after re-packing, damaged Parts may be destroyed—Surplus Quan-
tity—New Packages, and Deficiency—Abandonment of Goods.-After
goods have been so re-packed in proper packages, it shall be lawful for the
commissioners of customs, at the request of the importer or proprietor of
such goods, to cause or permit any of such refuse, damaged, or surplus goods,
not contained in any of such packages, to be destroyed; and if the goods be
such as may be delivered for home use, the duties shall be immediately paid
upon any part of such surplus as may remain, and the same shall be de-
livered for home use accordingly ; and if they be such as may not be so
delivered, such surplus as may so remain shall be disposed of for the purpose
of exportation in such manner as the commissioners of customs shall direct;
and thereupon the quantity contained in each of such proper packages shall
be ascertained and marked upon the same, and the deficiency shall be ascer-
tained by a comparison of the total quantity in such proper packages with
the total quantity first warehoused, and the proportion which such deficiency
may bear to the quantity in each package shall also be marked on the same,
and added to such quantity, and the total shall be deemed to be the im-
ported contents of such package, and be held subject to the full duties of im-
portation, except as otherwise in any case provided by this Act: Provided
always, that it shall be lawful for the commissioners of customs to accept the
abandonment, for the duties, of any quantity of tobacco or coffee, or pepper
or cocoa, or lees of wine, and also of any whole packages of other goods, and
to cause or permit the same to be destroyed, and to deduct such quantity of
tobacco or coffee, or pepper or cocoa, or the contents of such whole packages
from the total quantity of the same importation, in computing the amount of
the deficiency of such total quantity. § 33.
Foreign Casks, Bottles, &c.—No foreign casks, bottles, corks, packages,
or materials whatever, except any in which some goods shall have been im-
ported and warehoused, shall be used in the re-packing of any goods in the
warehouse, unless the full duties shall have been first paid thereon. § 34.
In what Quantities Goods in Bulk delivered.—No parcel of goods so
warehoused which were imported in bulk shall be delivered, except in the
whole quantity of each parcel, or in a quantity not less than one ton weight,
unless by special leave of the proper officer of customs. § 37.
Marking Packages before Delivery.—No goods so warehoused shall be
delivered, unless the same or the packages containing the same shall have
been marked in such distinguishing manner as the commissioners of customs
shall deem necessary and practicable, and shall from time to time direct. § 38.
WAREHouses of SPECIAL SECURITY.
How decrease and increase may be ascertained and allowed.—And
whereas some scºrts of goods are liable in time to decrease, and some to in-
crease, and some to fluctuation of quantity, by the effect of the atmosphere
and other natural causes, and it may be necessary in some cases that the
duties should not be charged upon the deficiency arising from such causes;
* As to Sanmples, see p. 271.


268 UNITED KINGDOM.–WAREHOUSING. [1845.
it is therefore enacted, that it shall be lawful for the commissioners of
the treasury to make regulations for ascertaining the amount of such de-
crease or increase of the quantity of any particular sorts of goods, and to
direct in what proportion any abatement of duty payable under this Act for
deficiencies shall, upon the exportation of any such goods, be made on
account of any such decrease: Provided always, that if such goods be lodged
in warehouses declared in the order of appointment to be of special security,”
no duty shall be charged for any amount whatever of deficiency of any of
such goods on the eagortation thereof, except in cases where suspicion shall
arise that part of such goods has been clandestinely conveyed away; nor
shall any such goods (unless they be wine or spirits) be measured, counted,
weighed, or gaugee for exportation, except in such cases of suspicion. § 39.
As to the Building of Warehouses, &c. see p. 258.
[Allowances on Wine, Spirits, Coffee, Cocoa Nuts, and Pepper; see
PARTs III. & IV.]
Embezzlement and Waste through Misconduct of Officers.-In case it
shall at any time happen that any embezzlement, waste, spoil, or destruction
be made of or in any goods which shall be warehoused in warehouses under
the authority of this Act, by any wilful misconduct of any officer of customs
or excise, such officer shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and shall
upon conviction suffer such punishment as may be inflicted by law in cases
of misdemeanor; and if such officer be so prosecuted to conviction by the
importer, consignee, or proprietor of the goods, then no duty of customs or
excise shall be payable for such goods, and no forfeiture or seizure shall take
place of any goods so warehoused in respect of any deficiency caused by
such embezzlement, &c., and the damage occasioned shall be repaid and
made good to such importer, consignee, or proprietor by the commissioners
of customs or excise under such regulations as shall be for that purpose
made by the commissioners of the treasury.f $ 40.
How and when Goods removed for Shipment.—All goods taken from the
warehouse for removal or for exportation, shall be removed or shall be
carried to be shipped, under the care or with the authority or permission of
the proper officer of customs, and in such manner, and by such persons, and
within such spaces of time, and by such roads or ways, as the proper officer
of customs shall authorise, permit, or direct; and all such goods not so re-
moved or carried shall be forfeited. § 45.
Tonnage of Eagort Ship.–It shall not be lawful for any person to export
any goods so warehoused, nor to enter for exportation to parts beyond the
seas any goods so warehoused, in any ship which shall not be of the burden
of seventy tons or upwards.; $46.
* WAREHOUSES OF EXTRA SECURITY.
By T. O., November 29, 1836, it is ordered, all packages of goods deposited in the warehouses
of extra security, and specially approved by the Board of Customs (except spirits and wine) shall
be permitted to be taken out for exportation to foreign parts without being previously re-weighed
or re-guaged for the purpose of ascertaining the deficiency thereon.
That two per cent. be allowed for natural waste upon all goods so taken out of such ware-
houses for exportation, with the exception of wines and spirits, in respect of which special pro-
vision is made by law.
That on the said goods being sent to the quays for shipment, the same being carefully exa-
mined, and that one in ten, or such further number of the packages as may be considered neces-
sary for the protection of the revenue, be weighed or guaged as the case may be.
That should it appear on such examination that the decrease in quantity exceeds the rate of
two per cent., or that there exists any other reasonable grounds of suspicion that the packages
have been plundered, the duties be then charged on the total amount of deficiencies so |.
but that, otherwise, the deficiencies, if any, be deemed to have arisen from natural waste, and
the shipment of the goods be allowed without any duties being charged theron.
By 5 & 6 Will. 4, c. 66.—Sept. 9, 1835.-f FIRE.-Nothing in the above Act shall extend to
any damage or loss occasioned by fire.
# TONNAGE OF VESSELS.
By T. L., July 5, 1836, warehoused goods may be exported in vessels of sixty tons burden
* yºu, such vessels having been admeasured according to the rules of 5 & 6 Will. 4
p. 7.


PART VIII.] UNITED KINGDOM.—WAREHousing. 269
How Goods may be delivered to be Cleaned.—Whereas the Commissioners
of Customs are authorised to permit goods to be cleaned under certain
regulations, and it is expedient to extend the powers vested in them, it is
enacted that it shall be lawful for the Commissioners of Customs to permit
any goods to be taken out of warehouse as may appear to them to be expe-
dient, under such regulations as they may think fit to direct, without pay-
ment of duty of customs, under security, nevertheless, by bond, to the
satisfaction of the commissioners, that such regulations shall be duly
complied with, and that such goods shall be returned to the warehouse
within such time as they shall appoint. 5 & 6 Vict., c. 47, § 51. [July 9,
1842.
#, India Company to Warehouse Goods.--It is and shall be lawful for
the East India Company, during the time neceessary to the due closing of
their commercial business, to continue to receive into their warehouses, and
to manage, any goods imported from places within the limits of their
charter, in the same manner as they were authorised to receive and manage
such goods on or immediadely before April 22, 1834. 4 & 5 Will. 4, c. 89,
§ 21.
East India House, Aug. 20, 1834.
The Court of Directors of the East India Company do hereby give notice,
that in consequence of the arrangements which, with the concurrence of the
Board of Commissioners for the affairs of India, have been made for giving
effect to the East India Charter Act, it is not intended that the Company
should resume the warehousing and management of private trade goods,
under the authority given by the Customs Act lately passed.
PETER AUBER, Secretary.
MANCHESTER.
Manchester to be a Place for Warehousing.—Distance of Warehouses, &c.
from Town Hall.—From the passing of this Act the borough of Manchester
shall be a Warehousing borough or place for goods for home consumption
only, for the purposes of this Act, subject to the provisions and limitations
hereinafter contained; and it shall be lawful for the Commissioners of Her
Majesty's Customs, by their Order, from time to time to appoint the places
or premises within or near the said borough, or within the distances from
the Town Hall in Manchester hereinafter mentioned, which shall be the
warehouses and places for depositing goods removed under this Act, and
also to make all such rules, and to require such securities respecting such
warehouses and places, and the goods lodged therein, as they are empowered
to make and require in respect of warehouses and goods at ports, and the
owners or occupiers of such warehouses or places within or near the said
borough, or within the distance from the Town Hall in Manchester herein-
after mentioned; and the goods lodged therein, and the owners of such
goods, shall be subject to the same conditions, penalties, forfeitures, and
liabilities as the like parties or goods are or may be subject to in ports under
any Acts made or to be made relating to the customs: Provided always,
nevertheless, that all warehouses or other places to be appointed for the de-
posit of goods under this Act shall be situated within two thousand yards
from the Town Hall at Manchester, or within such distances therefrom as
the Lords Commissioners of the Treasury, or the Commissioners of Her
Majesty's Customs may approve of and direct. 7 & 8 Vict, c. 31, § 1.
[July 4, 1844.]
Tobacco Warehouses.—The Commissioners of Her Majesty's Customs
shall not be required by anything herein contained to provide the ware-


270 UNITED KINGDOM.—WAREHOUSING. [1845.
houses for the deposit of tobacco in Manchester, but such warehouses shall
be provided in the same manner and at the like expense as warehouses for
the warehousing of other goods under this Act, and shall be subject to the
same conditions in every respect as warehouses for warehousing tobacco are
or may be subject to under any Acts made or to be made relating to the
customs. § 2.
Acts to apply to Manchester.—All Acts now or hereafter to be made
relating to the customs, and all the powers and things whatsoever therein
contained, except as such powers and things are repealed or altered by this
Act, shall extend and apply, to all warehouses within or near the said
borough of Manchester, or within the distance aforesaid, in which goods
may be deposited under this Act, and to all goods which shall be removed
thereto from any Port, or which shall be at any time deposited therein, so
far as the same are applicable to the warehousing of goods for home con-
sumption only within or near the said borough or the distance aforesaid.
How Treasury may suspend Warehousing.— In case of any failure in the
payment of the expenses incurred or to be incurred by the Crown in the
collection and management of the duties of customs under the provisions of
this Act, it shall be lawful for the Commissioners of Her Majesty's Treasury,
to direct that no further goods shall be warehoused without payment of
duty in any warehouse approved under the provisions of this Act, until such
expense shall be paid and satisfied; and after the issuing of any such direc-
tions no goods shall be deposited therein under the provisions of this Act.
§ 6.
Council empowered to charge on each package such rate and duty as
they shall from time to time determine. § 7.
Council empowered also to levy a Warehouse rate. § 8.
ISLE OF MAN.
See PART X.
By C. O., March 1, 1836, warehoused goods may be permitted to be exported in vessels which
are bona fide of seventy tons burden, according to the old admeasurement.
By C. O., December 3, 1836, in all cases where it shall be proved by the production of certifi-
cates from the proper officers, that foreign vessels had, within the period of two years previously
to the passing of the Act 5th and 6th Will. 4, cap. 59 [p. 7]. been privileged to receive bonded
goods for exportation, they may be permitted to retain that privilege, under the same regula-
tions as heretofore.
By C. O., December 24, 1836, that all British vessels which, under the former mode of ad-
measurement [p. 7..], would have been entitled to a supply of warehouse goods as stores, be
still allowed that privilege, although by their present admeasurement they may not be of the
burden of seventy tons.
By C. O., January 16, 1832, all warehoused goods may be permitted to be exported from the
United Kingdom to the islands of Guernsey and Jersey in regular traders of not less than forty
tons burden.
SAMPLES.
By C. O., Oct. 14, 1823, Jan. 19, and Feb. 19, 1825, also July 10, 1834, upon motice in wri-
ting being given to the warehouse keeper by the merchant, an order is to be issued by the ware-
house keeper to the locker for the delivery of a quantity of any article as a sample, not exceeding
the allowance specified in the schedule annexed, except in cases where a sample is required at
the time of landing, which is to be taken after the goods are weighed. If a second sample of an
article enumerated in schedule be required, a further order (upon motice in writing being given
as before directed), is to be issued for the same, not exceeding in quantity the allowance speci-
fied in the schedule (unless with the sanction of the principal officers of the department, who are
authorised to allow a greater quantity of any article (provided it is absolutely requisite for the
purpose), and upon the exportation of any jº. .." wine and spirits), of which second
samples have been taken, the merchant is to be required to pay the duty thereon, previously to
the issuing the locker's order for the delivery into the care of the searchers. . In the event of the
merchant requiring a sample of any articie not enumerated in the schedule, a sample thereof,
the duty on which shall not exceed sixpence, may be allowed to be taken from each package :
and in case the merchant shall require any further extension of the privilege of sampling, appli-
cation must be made to the Board for the same.


PART VIII.] UNITED KINGDOM.—WAREHousing. 271
SCHEDULE OF SAMPLES ALLOWED TO BE TAKEN.
Alkali, or Barilla - . 5 b pile of 5 tons. Oil of Rosemary , 1 oz. package.
Aloes . • - . 2 oz. package. — Spike . 1 oz. ditto.
Argol ... } {b ditto. Thyme . 1 oz. ditto.
Arrow Root . 3. f6 ditto. Orange Peel . # ſh ditto.
Balsam Capivi . 2 oz. ditto. Orchelia - - ... 2 oz. ditto.
Bark, Jesuit’s - . # it ditto. Orrice Root . # lb º:
Bark in general, except - Pepper 1 oz. bag.
.* - } 4 ft ditto. tºo . 2 OZ. ão.
Brimstone, rough 2 ft pile. Radix Contrayervae 1 oz. package. '
— in rolls . 1 lb package. Galangal . 2 ft pile.
Cassia . # ib ditto. — Ipecacuanhae . 1 oz. package. ;
Cantharides . 2 oz. ditto. — Senekae . 1 oz. ditto.
Capers . 3, it ditto. Raisins . - - ... }. It mark.
Cochimeal . - . 2 oz. ditto. Rhubarb . . 1 oz. package.
Cochineal Dust . . 2 oz. ditto. Rice # Ib ditto.
Cocoa Nut Oil. See Oil. Saffiower . 4 oz. ditto.
Coffee • - - 2 oz. bag. Saffron # oz. ditto.
Coloquintida . 2 oz. package. Sago . . 2 ib pile.
Coculus Indicus . 1 oz. ditto. Salep 1 oz. package.
Cotton . - . 4 oz. ditto. Sarsaparilla . 1 oz. ditto.
Cream of Tartar . 1 lb ditto. Saltpetre # Ib ditto.
Currants - - . . f6 ditto. Seed, Anniseed . . 1 oz. ditto.
Essence of Bergamot, or - — Clover 2 oz. ditto.
Lemon § } 1 oz. ditto. Caraway . 2 oz. ditto.
Euphorbium . . 1 oz. ditto. — Lac - 1 oz. ditto. :
Feathers (Bed) . . # It Lot of 6 Bags. Mustard . . 1 oz. ditto.
Galls - . - . 1 lb ditto. Senna . 1 oz. ditto.
Gentian . 4 lb ditto, Silk, Raw . . 2 oz. ditto.
Ginger . - - . 8 oz. ditto. Thrown . 1 oz. ditto.
Granilla. See Cochineal. Waste . 2 oz. ditto. :
Gum Arabic - - . 1 lb package. Smalts . 1 oz. ditto.
Senegal . • . 4 ft ditto. Spirits ... } pint.
Tragacanth - . 2 oz. ditto. 2 oz. bag.
— other Gum . . 4 oz. ditto. 4 oz. box not ex. 5
Honey - - . 4 oz. ditto. Sugar, Foreign cwt.
Jalap . • 1 oz. ditto. 8 oz. box or chest
Indigo • - - . # fib ditto. ex. 5 cwt.
Any further quantity (not exceeding 13) to 13 Ib hogshead.
be charged with duty on delivery of Package. 1} it tierce.
Isinglass - - . # Ib package. - - - s: # Ib chest.
. of Lemons - # ditto. British Possessions 12 oz. barrel.
Lac Dye . 1 oz. ditto. # It molasses hind.
Lead, Black - . 1 it ditto. or cask.
Lemon Peel # It entry. Shumach . I ib lot 10 bags.
Liquorice Juice . . # Ib package. Tallow 4 Iblot10 packages.
— Root - . # Ib ditto. Tapioca . - - ; 1 oz. package.
Madder, Manufactured . # Ib ditto. 3 oz. of each de-
Root # Ib ditto. Tea - - - - scription and
Molasses. See Sugar. quality.
Mother of Pearl - } 7 ib lot of 10 pack- | Turmeric . 2 ib pile.
- Shells ages. Valonia . 3 lb lot.
Oil of Almonds . 1 oz. ditto. Vermicelli . . 1 oz. package.
Aniseed . - . 1 oz. ditto. Wax, Bees # Ib ditto.
— Bay 1 oz. ditto. Wine - - - • * pint.
— Cassia - • . 2 oz. ditto. Wool, Cotton - . 4 oz. packages.
— Cocoa Nut # pint cask. Sheep or Lambs’ . 1 lb ditto.
— Juniper . . 1 oz. package. Spanish . 1 lb ditto.
— Olive • - . A pint cask. Yarn, Mohair . 3 lb ditto.
— Palm . 3 pint ditto. Cotton # lb ditto.
OTHER ARTICLES.
As articles may be omitted in the above List, which, though not of general importation, the
importers may have occasion to take samples of, it is ordered that a sample ...} the duty on
which shall not exceed siapence, may be allowed to be taken from each package, without the
special leave of the Board in each case, as is now required under the Minute of the 4th Septem-
ber, 1823.−C. O. 19th February, 1825.
See also the names of Articles in PART III.
By C. O., Jan. 2, 1833, in cases where the number of casks entered to be delivered, from which
one pound and a half (the weight of the sample) shall have been taken, is not even, the frac-
tional half-pound is to be given in favour of the merchant; and in those instances where an
tº: passed for a single hogshead the fractional half-pound is to be also allowed to the
merchant.
By C. O., April 25, 1832, samples are required to be taken of each package of spirits removed
coastwise, immediately before removal, and retained for a period of three months, in order that
such samples may be resorted to in cases of suspicion that the spirits have been changed or adul-
terated in the transit. See SAMPLEs, PART IX.
By C. O., May 25, 1827, on goods to be warehoused before payment of duty, the abatement
for damage is to be made by a deduction from the entries on paying duty.


272
[1845.
UNITED KINGDOM.—WAREIIousing.
A LIST OF THE SEVERAL WAREHOUSING PORTS AND
BOROUGHS IN THE UNITED KINGDOM.
TEA. See PART III.
E. signifies ports privileged for East India Goods.
To. — for Tobacco.
S. —— Special Security, as in next List.
Most of the large ports are privileged for goods in general, and the smaller ones
are having such frequent alterations made to them that it would be useless to
enumerate particulars here.*
ENGLAND.
Aberystwith, as in next page Lyme.
Alnmouth Lynn–Tobacco Coastwise
Arundel Margate
Barnstaple Maldon
Berwick. Manchester
Bideford—To. Maryport
Boston Milford
Bridgewater Newcastle–E. To.
Bristol—E. To. Newhaven
Cardiff Newport, Monmouthshire—To.
Cardigan, as in next page Padstow—Stores
Carlisle—To. Penzance
Carnarvon Plymouth—To. E.
Chepstow Pool
Chester—To. Portsmouth
Chichester Preston
Colchester Rochester
Cowes—To. Rye
Dartmouth Scarborough
Deal North Shields
Dover Southampton
Exeter—Tobacco Coastwise St. Ives–Stores
Falmouth—To. Shoreham
Fleetwood—County of Lancaster South Shields, in the Port of Newcastle
Gainsborough Stockton
Gloucester—E. Sunderland–Tobacco Coastwise
Goole—E. To. S. Swansea
Grimsby Topsham
Hartlepool Truro
Hull—E. To. Tynemouth, in the Port of Newcastle
Ipswich Whitby
Kingston Whitehaven—E. To.
Lancaster—To. Wisbech
Llanelly—Stores Woodbridge
Liverpool—E. To. Workington
London—E. To. S. Yarmouth
SCOTLAND.
Aberdeen—To. S. Grangemouth
Alloa Greenock—E. To. S.
Arbroath, in the Port of Montrose Inverness
Banff Leith—E. To. S.
Borrowstonness Montrose—To.
Dumfries Newburgh
Dunbar Perth
Dundee—S. To. Peterhead
Fisherrow Port-Glasgow—E. To. S.
Glasgow—E. To. S. Stirling
* For these alterations, see next List.


ART VIII.] UNITED KINGDOM.–WAREHousing, 273
IRELAND
Dublin—E. To. S. Londonderry—To.
Belfast—E. To. Newry—To.
Cork—E. To. S. Ross
Coleraine Sligo–To.
Drogheda—To. Waterford—E. To.
Dundalk—To. - Westport
Galway—To. Wexford
Limerick—To. E.
Alterations in the List of Warehousing Ports, &c., during the last seven years.
ENGLAND.
Aberystwith-For goods to be shipped as stores on board vessels bound foreign.
—C. O., Jan. 3, 1840.
Alnmouth.-In the Port of Berwick.-The Lords of the Treasury having
already approved of this port for the bonding of timber and wood goods, the
Board of Customs have, by their order of August 4, 1842, approved of pre-
mises at Alnmouth for the deposit of such goods.
Arundel.—The Lords of the Treasury having approved of the port of Arundel
for the bonding of all goods which may be legally imported into that port,
the Board have also approved of premises at Arundel for the deposit of such
goods.-C. O., August 5, 1840.
Barnstaple.—See p. 277.
Bideford.—See p. 277.
Boston.—Timber and Wood Goods.--C. O., Oct. 24, 1838.
— Tea and East India Goods, removed coastwise for home use, under the
established regulations. Tobacco, removed coastwise for home use, or to be
shipped as stores, and all other goods legally imported into Boston, whether
direct or otherwise.—C. O., June 15, 1841.
Bridgewater.—See p. 277.
Cardiff—All goods, with the following exceptions and restrictions, viz., Tobacco,
unless segars and negro-head for ships' stores only. Silk. —C. O., April 4,
1839. See p. 277.
Cardigan.—For Goods to be shipped as stores on board vessels bound foreign.
—C. O., Jan. 3, 1840.
Carlisle.—The Lords of the Treasury having, by their order of 26th Oct., 1836,
approved of Carlisle for the warehousing of tobacco removed coastwise under
bond from the ports of importation, for the purpose of being taken out for
home consumption, or for ships' stores, upon suitable premises being pro-
vided for the deposit of this article, the Board of Customs, by their order of
27th July, 1844, have approved of premises for the reception of such to-
bacco.
Carnarvon, within the ſort of Beaumaris.—The Lords of the Treasury having
been pleased, by their order of July 29, 1842, to approve of Carnarvon, for
the bonding of all foreign goods (except tobacco, unless removed coastwise
from the ports of importation for home use, or for stores of outward-bound
vessels), the Board of Customs have approved of premises at Carnarvon for
the deposit of wine and spirits under bond.—C. O., September 8, 1842.
The Lords of the Treasury having been pleased by their order of the 29th
July last, to permit all foreign goods (except tobacco, unless removed
coastwise from the port of importation for home use, or for stores of out-
ward bound vessels), to be bonded at Carnarvon, in the port of Beaumaris,
upon suitable premises being fittted ºup, the Board have by their order
of the 17th instant approved of premises at Carnarvon for the reception of
such goods.-C. O., Jan. 18, 1843.
Chepstow.—See p. 277.
Colchester.—Such goods as may be imported here are allowed to be bonded
here, as also all other goods removed under bond for home use and stores.
—C. O., January 8, 1842.
T


274 UNITED KINGDOM.–WAREHOUSING. [1845.
WAREHOUSING Ports—continued
Deal.—The Lords of the Treasury having been pleased, by their order of the
16th of April and 12th May last, to approve of Deal as a bonded port for
Tea, Coffee, Sugar, Tobacco, Wines, and Spirits, removed from other ware-
housing ports to be used as stores, or for home consumption, on suitable
premises being provided for the reception thereof; the Board have by their
order of the 8th instant approved of premises for the above purposes.—C. O.,
September 15, 1841. -
Falmouth.-All Goods with the exception of silks.-T. L., May 27, 1839.
Fleetwood.—In the County of Lancaster.—Tobacco, removed coastwise from
ports of importation, either for home use, or to be consumed as stores.
East India Goods, after having been warehoused at an approved place, and
removed under existing regulations.
All other Goods, whether imported direct or otherwise.—C. O., Dec. 18,
1839, and Feb. 2, 1842. -
The present head port, to be a creek within the port of Preston.—C. O.,
Jan. 2, 1844.
Gainsborough.--The Lords of the Treasury having, by their order of 27th
October last, constituted Gainsborough a port for the importation and ware-
housing of foreign goods, as an experimental measure for four years, it is
ordered that Gainsborough be opened as a distinct port on January 6, 1842.
—T. L., December 23, 1841. -
By T. L., January 30, 1841, it is stated that premises at Gainsborough
have been approved for the deposit of bonded goods with the exception of
tobacco.
Gloucester.—See p. 277. -
Grimsby.—The Board having, by their order of 18th April last, approved of
premises at Grimsby for the bonding of dry goods generally, for home con-
sumption and ships' stores, including tobacco removed coastwise from the
ports of importation, by order of 27th June, 1844, notify the same.
Hartlepool, within the port of Stockton.—The Lords of the Treasury having,
by their order of 24th June last, extended the bonding privileges at Hartle-
pool to such foreign goods as are allowed to be shipped free of duty on board
merchant vessels as stores, and removed under bond from the ports of im-
portation for that purpose, upon suitable premises being provided and fitted
up; the Board have, by their order of 3rd instant, approved of premises at
Hartlepool for the deposit of such articles.—C. O., Feb. 5, 1844.
Ipswich.-The Lords of the Treasury having approved of the port of Ipswich
for the warehousing of such articles as are allowed to be used as stores, duty
free, on board vessels on their outward voyages, and to permit those articles
to be removed to Ipswich under the Warehousing Act, upon suitable premises
being fitted up for the purpose, under the usual conditions, the Board having
approved of premises at Ipswich for the deposit of such goods.-C. O.,
Aug. 1, 1840. -
Llanelly.—See p. 277. -
Lyme.—Wine and Spirits, Hemp, Iron in bars, Timber, Deals, and other wood
goods, Tallow and Ashes. -
Lynn.—All goods, excepting Tobacco, Tea, and East India Goods imported
direct, and Silk.-C. O., Nov. 6, 1837.
Manchester.—See p. 277. . . .
Manchester.—By C. O., Nov. 6, 1844, the privilege of warehousing goods for
home consumption having been extended to the borough of Manchester, by
the Act of 7 & 8 Vict., c. 31; the Board have approved of certain premises
there for the deposit under bond, of wines and spirits, and of grain and
flour. - -
Margate, within the port of Ramsgate.—For the reception of wines and spirits,
which are allowed to be bonded at that place for home consumption only.—
C. O., July 21, 1838. º º
Maryport, in the port of Whitehaven.—By C. O., Feb. 2, 1842, it is stated,
that a commission has issued from the Court of Exchequer, appointing
Maryport to be an independent port, from Feb.2, 1842. , , … .º.


PART VIII.] UNITED KINGDOM.–WAREHousing. 275
WAREHOUSING Ports—continued.
Maryport constituted a separate and independent port with bonding privileges,
and certain premises approved there, for the reception of timber and wood
goods, under bond.—C. O., May 27, 1842.
Maryport approved for the bonding of goods in general (except tobacco and
silk), also certain premises for the reception thereof.--C. O., Aug. 11, 1842.
The Lords of the Treasury having been pleased, by their order of the 30th
December, 1842, to permit tobacco and segars, removed from the ports of
importation, to be landed for home use, or shipment as stores, at Maryport,
upon suitable premises being provided and fitted up ; the Board have, by
order of the 1st ultimo, approved of premises at Maryport for the deposit
of such articles.
Milford.—See p. 277.
Newport.—By C. O., Feb. 27, 1844, the Lords of the Treasury having been
pleased, by their order of the 20th July, 1840, to approve of Newport,
Monmouthshire, for the warehousing of all goods which may be legally im-
ported into that port, and tea and tobacco removed coastwise for ships' stores,
or home consumption; the Board, by their order of this date, have approved
of premises for the reception of such goods under bond. See p. 277.
North Shields.--T. L., Feb. 13, 1839, authority is given to permit tobacco to
be removed from Newcastle and other ports specially approved for the im-
portation of that article, to be bonded at North Shields for home use only,
upon condition that proper premises be provided by the parties for the
deposit of the same, and that the duties thereon be paid at Newcastle; and
that in addition to the ordinary bond given on the removal of goods from
port to port, a special bond shall be entered into by the parties either at the
port of removal or at North Shields, that the duties shall be paid upon the
dispatch weight at the time of removal, and within two years from such
time. By C. O., August 10, 1840, it is stated that premises have been
. ... approved at North Shields for the purpose.
- Preston, in the port of Fleetwood.—Premises approved for coffee and sugar,
from the East Indies and Mauritius, removed to that port under bond.—
C. O., July 8, 1842.
: Preston constituted an independent port.—C. O., Jan. 2, 1844.
“Scarborough.--C. O., Sept. 7, 1840, steps are to be taken for the borough of
Scarborough being approved for warehousing all goods which may be legally
imported thereat, under the regulations of the Warehousing Act, and also
tobacco and East India Goods removed from another port for home use,
upon condition, with respect to tobacco, that the parties provide a suitable
warehouse for the deposit of that article. T. L., Aug. 3, 1840, in pursuance
thereof, premises have been fitted up and approved at Scarborough, for
bonding wood goods and corn.
South Shields.-The Lords of the Treasury having been pleased, by their order
of the 14th July, 1836, recorded on the minute of the 15th of that month,
to extend to Tynemouth and South Shields, in the port of Newcastle, the
privilege of bonding all goods, except tobacco, silk, East India goods, goods
prohibited to be imported, and goods subject to ad valorem duties, it being
upon the distinct understanding that the indulgence thereby granted be re-
stricted to articles for home consumption, and that the duties thereon shall
continue to be paid at Newcastle, as heretofore, previous to their delivery ;
and that all articles of East India produce, after being regularly warehoused
at one of the ports approved for the importation of such goods, be allowed
to be removed to Tynemouth or South Shields, under the prescribed condi-
tions, the collector and controller at Newcastle have reported that suitable
premises have been provided at South Shields for the purpose required, and
goods may therefore be now warehoused there.—T. O., Oct. 19, 1840.
Swansea.—The Board having, by their order of March 5th last, extended to
the port of Swansea the privilege of bonding all goods which may be there
legally imported; and also negro-head tobacco and segars removed coastwise
for ships' stores, upon suitable warehouses being provided for º; reception
T


276 UNITED KINGDOM.–WAREHOUSING, [1845.
WAREHousing Ports—continued.
of the same, the Board by their order of the 5th instant have approved of
premises for the above purposes.—C. O., May 24, 1841. See next page.
Topsham, within the limits of the port of Exeter.—Hides, fruit, and other dry
goods.—C. O., March 15, 1839.
| Tynemouth.-See South Shields.
Whitby.—All goods, except silk and East India goods, imported direct, and
tobacco.—T. L., Jan. 17, 1839; and C. O., Jan. 10, 1840. -
Woodbridge.—Timber and wood goods.-C. O., June 29, 1839. Wines and
spirits. – T. L., March 9, 1839; and C. O., January 6, 1840.
Workington, in the port of Whitehaven.—Premises approved for the deposit,
under bond, of tobacco removed coastwise from ports of importation, either
for home use or as stores, East India goods on removal, after having been
warehoused at an approved port, and all other goods, whether imported direct
or otherwise.—T. L., September 8, 1843.
Parmouth.-Approved as a port to which tobacco may be removed coastwise,
and warehoused under bond, from ports of importation, for home consump-
tion, or ships' stores.—C. O., November 11, 1837.
SCOTLAND.
Alloa, in the port of Grangemouth, is constituted a supernumerary and inde-
pendent port, and a commission has issued from the Court of Exchequer
accordingly.—T. L., January 2, 1841. [As to Warehousing, see Grange-
mouth].
Banff.—All goods, except tobacco, silk, and East India goods, upon suitable
premises being provided for the purpose, and fitted up agreeably to the es-
tablished regulations; suitable premises have been approved by the Board.—
C. O., May 27, 1841.
Berwick.-Premises approved for Goods in general, including Tobacco removed
coastwise for Home Use or Ships' Stores.—C. O., April 22, 1843.
Dunbar, within the Port of Leith.--Timber and other Wood Goods; and the
Board have approved of premises at Dunbar for the deposit of such goods.-
C. O., June 14, 1841.
Dundee.—Importation of goods within the limits of the East India Charter.—
C. O., June 3, 1830.
Ferry Port on Craig, within the Port of Dundee.—Timber and Wood Goods.-
T. L., Jan 24, 1839.
Fisherrow, within the Port of Leith.--Timber and Wood Goods.-T. L.,
May 31, 1841.
Grangemouth-All Goods, excepting Tobacco and East India Goods, imported
direct, and Silk.-C. O., April 17, 1838.
— Tobacco, removed coastwise from the port of importation, for stores
of outward-bound vessels.-C. O., March 13, 1843.
Kirkaldy.—For the warehousing of Foreign Flour and Biscuit under bond.—
C. O., February 24, 1843.
Newburgh. Port of Dundee.—For the reception of Timber and Wood Goods,
which are allowed to be bonded at that port.—C. O., Sept. 20, 1838. And
for Foreign Corn, C. O., Nov. 1, 1838.
Perth.-All goods for home consumption, with the following exceptions: Tea,
East India Goods (unless on removal coastwise under C. O., November, 3,
1832, and July 15, 1834), Tobacco, Siks, and Goods subject to duties ad
valorem.—C. O., June 25, 1838.
The Lords of the Treasury having been pleased by their order of 3rd
January, and their warrant of 5th February, 1840, to constitute Perth in
the port of Dundee a head-port, with a separate establishment of officers;
and a Commission having issued from the Court of Exchequer in Scotland,
re-appointing Perth a head-port, and assigning limits and legal quays thereof,
by Customs Order, June 6, 1840, the arrangement is to take effect from
July 5, 1840.
Peterhead, in the port of Aberdeen.—The Lords of the Treasury having been
pleased by their order of the 6th of August last, recorded on the minute of


PART VIII.] UNITED KINGDOM.—WAREHousing. 277
the 7th following, to constitute Peterhead in the port of Aberdeen a sub-port
and to approve of the same for the warehousing of Timber and other Wood
Goods, and Spruce Beer imported direct; and also for the warehousing of
Goods generally (except Goods subject to duties ad valorem) to be removed
Coastwise under Bond for home use, or Ships' Stores upon proper premises
being provided for the purpose, under the usual conditions and regulations;
the Board have by their order of the 8th instant approved of premises at
Peterhead for the deposit of the above-mentioned Goods.-C. O., Feb. 15,
1840.
Stirling.—Timber and Wood Goods.-C. O., Oct. 20, 1838.
IRELAND.
Ballyshannon.—The Lords of the Treasury by their order of 29th December,
1841, having extended the privilege of Warehousing Goods to Ballyshannon,
in the port of Sligo, upon suitable premises being fitted up for the deposit
thereof, the Board of Customs have by their order of this day approved of
premises for the deposit of wine. —C. O., March, 1843.
Ross, in the port of Waterford.—Approved as a place to which Tobacco may
be removed coastwise, from ports of importation, and warehoused under bond
for the purpose of being taken out for Home Use, or shipped as Stores.—
C. L., March 14, 1838.
— The Lords of the Treasury having been pleased by their order of the 30th
of July last, to constitute Ross, in the port of Waterford, a separate port of
the 6th class, the Board have directed that the business at Ross, as an inde-
pendent port, should commence on the 11th October, 1840.—C. O.,
September 12, 1840.
Tralee constituted a separate port.—C. O., Dec. 14, 1843.
Westport.—Approved as a port to which Tobacco may be removed coastwise,
and warehoused under bond, from ports of importation, for home con-
sumption or ships' Stores.--C.O., Oct. 3, 1837, and Feb. 25, 1841.
BRISTOL CHANNEL.
By C, O., April 3, 1838, Tea, Coffee, Sugar, Cocoa, Foreign Bread and Flour, are permitted to
be removed from the port of Bristol to the ports of Newport, Cardiff, Llanelly, Swansea,
Milford, and St. Ives, under the regulations of the order of the 15-16th August, 1832, and
that the goods be required to be landed at the intended port of shipment, in order that they
may undergo the necessary examination for the purpose of ascertaining whether any deficiency
has occurred previously to the shipment thereof for exportation.
By C. O., Sept. 11, 1844, it is stated that the Board have issued directions, to the collectors and
comptrollers at the following ports, authorising the removal of stores from any of the ap-
proved warehousing ports in the Bristol Channel, viz., Newport, Cardiff, Swansea, Milford,
St. Ives, Padstow, Bideford, Bridgewater, Barnstaple, Llanelly, Chepstow, Gloster,
DRESS SWORDS.
By T. L., April, 4, 1839, dress swords may be warehoused for exportation.
STORES.
A List of the Average Number of Days at which may be estimated the duration
of a Voyage from the United Kingdom to the different Ports enumerated,
and back.
Ports of Days' Ports of Days'
Destination. Voyage. Destination. Voyage.
Abo • . 100 Alexandria - - 180
Algiers - - 120 Ascension Isle - . 240
Almeria . - . 100 Archipelago Isles - 180
Azores Islands - 90 Annabona - . 180
Alicant . - . 110 Archangel - - 120
Altea • - 110 Australia . • . 420
Antigua . • . 180 Alexandretta . - 180
Angustine's Bay 150 Aquapulco, Mexico . 450
Ancona - - . 160 Bremen - - 42


278 UNITED KINGDOM.—WAREHOUsing. [1845.
List—continued. - - -
Ports of Days' Ports of Days'
Destination. Voyage. Destination. Voyage.
Bayonne . 80 Coquimbo . 400
Bilboa 80 Chili 360
Bourdeaux 80 Calcutta 400
Bergen 100 Columbo 365
Bona 120 Ceylon 365
Bornholm 100 Cuddalore 400
Barcelona . 110 China 420
Bay of Roses . 110 Canton 420
Baltimore . 120 Dantzic 100
Bahama Isles . 150 Drontheim 100
Barbadoes . 180 Delaware Bay 130
Berbice 180 Demerara 150
Bermuda 120 Dominica . 180
Boston 120 Davis’s Straits 240
Bahia 200 Embden 42
Brazils 200 Elbing 95
Buenos Ayres 240 Elsineur 100
Bay of Campeachy 240 Elba Isle 130
Barcelor . 365 Essequibo . - 180
Bombay - 365 Faro Islands, North Sea 100
Bengal - - . 400 Faro Islands, Canaries . . 95
Botany Bay 420 Ferrol - - 80
Batavia 400 Fayal - - 7. 80
Corunna 80 Fernando Po 180
Cadiz 90 Falkland Islands 240
Carlscrona 100 Friendly Islands . . . . 420
Carthagena. - 100 Gallipoli . - - . . 180
Cape de Verd Isles, viz.: Genoa - - 130
St. Antonio 100 Gibraltar 100.
St. Vincent 100 Goa 365
St. Jago 2 100 Goree 190
Ceuta - - 120 Gottenburg . 100
Canary Isles - . 95 Greenland Fishery 180
Christiana - 100 Greek Islands and Greece . 180
Copenhagen - ... 100 Grenada - 180
Cette - 130 Guadaloupe . - 180
Civita Vecchia - 130 Guayaquil . - 420
Corsica Isle . - 130 Guagapatum 400
Cayenne - 180 Hamburgh . 42
Cape Hayti 210 Heligoland 42
Charlestown 120 Hayti - - 210
Chesapeake Bay 120 Halifax - - 120
Cuba - 210 Havannah . 200
Curaçoa 180 Honduras 240
Cronstadt 100 Hudson's Bay - 240
Candia Isle 160 Hobart Town . - 400
Cephalonia 160 Iceland . - ... 100
Corfu Isle 160 Ivica - - 110
Calabar - . 180 Italy 130
Cape Coast Castle - 200 Jamaica - - 210
Carthagena, Spanish Main 240 Isle of Sable - . 120
Cape St. Mary 180 Ionian Isles - . 130
Constantinople 180 Islands in the Archipelago . 130
Columbia River - 700 Isles of France and Bourbon . 270
Cumana . - . 240 Java • 400
Cyprus - - 180 Koningsburgh 100
Cape of Good Hope 240 Lisbon 80
Callao ... . e 400 Lubec - - " ...100


PART VIII.] UNITED KINGDOM.—WAREHousing.
279
LIST-continued.
Ports of Days'
JBestination. Voyage.
Leghorn 130
Long Island 130
La Guayra - 240
La Conception - . 400
Ladrones - . 430
Lima 400
Maaistroom 100
Malaga 100
Madeira 90
Memel 100
Mogadore . 120
Majorca 110
Minorca . - , 110
Marseilles - 130
Messina . - . 130
Montreal - - 150
Malta - - . 140
Martinico • 180
Mariegalante - 180
Miramichi • • 100
Montserrat 180
Maranham . - 180
Monte Video - . 230
Madagascar . - 270
Mexico. See Wera Cruz an : 450
A l
quapulca
Mauritius 270
Madras - e 400
Malabar 365
Malacca . 400
Manilla y 420
Mangalore . • 365
Masulipatam . 400
Mocha - • 365
Nantz - - 80'
Newfoundland 120
North Bergen - 100
Naples s - . 130
Narbonne - 130
Nice 130
Nevis 180
Nova Scotia 120
New York - 120
New Brunswick - . 120
New Port - - 120
New Providence - 160
New Orleans . - 190
New Guinea 400
New South Wales - 400
New Zealand • . 400
Negapatam . - 400
Oporto . • 80
Odessa - 240
Otaheite . - . 420
Owyhee - 420
Petersburg - ... 100
Pillau - - 100
Placentia Harbour 120
Ports of
Destination.
Port St. John, Newfoundland
Port au Prince, Hayti •
Palermo -
Pensacola
Philadelphia
Port Rico • •
Providence, Bahama Islands
Pernambuco
Porto Bello
Para
Panama -
Peru - -
Philippine Islands .
Pondicherry
Pellew Islands
Quebec -
Queen Ann's Point
Rochelle
Revel
Riga
Rugen
Rome
Rhode Island
River Gambia . -
Rio Grande
Rio Janeiro
St. Andero
St. Ubes
Salee - -
Stettin -
Stockholm -
St. Antonio
St. Jago }~ Isles
St. Vincent
St. John's, Newfoundland
St. Mary's - e
St. Michael's, Azores
St. John, New Brunswick
St. Andrew, ditto
Salerno
Sardinian Isle
Susa
Savannah
Syracuse
St. Augustine's Bay
St. Bartholomew
St. Croix •
St. Cristopher's -
St. Domingo
St. Eustatia -
St. Lucia
St. Martin -
St. Thomas
St. Vincent’s
Salonica -
Santa Martha -
St. Salvador or Bahia -
St. Sebastian -
Days'
Voyage.
-
120
210
130
100
120
210
160
190
240
185
420
400
420
400
420
150
180
80
100
100
100
130
180
190
200
200
80
80
120
100
100
240
200
210


280 UNITED KINGDOM.—Warehousing. [1845.
List—continued.
Ports of Days' Ports of Days'
Destination. Voyage. Destination. Woyage.
Senegal - - 180 Teneriffe - - 95
Sierra Leone - . 180 Tortola . - . 180
Scandaroon - - 180 Trinidad - - 180
Syra - - . 180 Tobago . - . 180
Smyrna - - 180 Trieste - - 160
St Helena - . 240 Truxhillo - . 410
Sydney, New South Wales 400 Timor - - 420
Sumatra . - . 400 Tellicherry - ... 365
Society Islands - 420 Tranquebar - - 400
Swan River - . 365 Trincomalee - . 380
Sincapore - - 365 Vigo - - 80
Surat - - . 365 Valentia . - . 110
Sandwich Isles - 420 Venice - - 160
South Sea Fishery, 2, 3, or " 4 wears Vera Cruz - . 260
4 years - § * *** Venezuela - - 240
Tangiers . - . 120 Valdivia . - . 400
Trinity Bay - - 120 Valparaiso - - 400
Tunis - - . 120 Van Diemen's Land . 365
Tarragona - - 110 Wyburg - - 100
Tonningen - . 42 Zara - - . 160
Toulon - - 80 Zea - - 160
Tripoli - - . 120 Zante Isle - . 160
Note.—For places not included in the List, the same allowance to be granted as is given to
the place nearest thereto,
STORES.–FoREIGN Goods.”
A LIST OF FOREIGN GOODS allowed to be shipped as Stores from the
Bonded Warehouses, free of duty, as mentioned in p. 261.
*** 25 per cent, to be added, as stated below.
Beef, Pork, &c., 1% ib beef or 14 ft pork, or any quantity of each, not exceed-
ing together 1% ib per day, for each man during the voyage out and home.—
T. L., Oct. 26, and C. O., Oct. 27, 1842.
* By C.O., Nov. 29, 1832, these articles and quantities are to be allowed to be shipped as stores,
calculated according to the foregoing list, with the addition of 25 per cent., to guard against
the casualties of the voyage.
+ By C. O., March 26, 1834, that with a view to prevent the re-landing of such goods in this
country, a bond be entered into by the master of the vessel on board of which the goods are
shipped, and that such bond may be taken at the time of the clearance of the vessel.
UNExPENDED STOREs,
By C. O., April 17, 1841, provided the unexpended stores of any British vessel be not excessive
or unsuitable to the circumstances of the voyage, the same may be legally secured in ware-
houses, and shipped for use on board during the outward voyage.
: SIIIPMENT of Goods As Stores.
By C. O., Sept. 13, 1843, the officers at the out-ports are directed not to act upon any request
for the shipment of goods as stores until the usual bond shall have been given, agreeably to
the practice of London, undor minute of the 9th January, 1840.
Too LARGE QUANTITLEs.
By C. Q., March 1, 1843, it appearing that goods have been delivered from the warehouse, for
ships' stores, in larger q than all by the established regulations, the authority
from the master or owner of the vessel for the demand for stores is to be adopted.
By C. O., April 26, 1844, with reference to the minute of Dec, last, that certain goods should
not be repacked for shipment as stores in packages of smaller size than therein specified,
desire it to be understood that such restrictions are not intended to interfere with the regu.
lations established in Nov. 1832, in such cases where, with reference to the number of the
crew and the duration of the voyage, so large a quantity of each article as enumerated in the
minute of Dec. last may not be required. -


PART VIII.] UNITED KINGDOM.—WAREHOUSING. 281
BEEF, &c.—continued.
. By T. L. Nov. 25, 1842, foreign becſ, pork, hams, cheese, and butter, may be shipped from
the bonding warehouses as ships’ stores, the quite to be allowed for each person a-day,
during the voyage out and home, not to excee
13 it of beef, or jor any quantity of each not exceeding, together, 14 ft per day for each
13 it of pork .. man, as directed by the general order of the 28th October last.
# Ib of ham,
# Ib of cheese,
# Ib of butter, -
mutton salted. C. O., April 29, 1843.
By T. L., Nov. 21. 1843, pickled tripe may be shipped from the warehouse, as stores, under
the usual regulations, and in the same proportion as foreign beef and pork, that is to say, not
exceeding 13 lb per day of beef, pork, or pickled tripe, for each person during the voyage out
and home.
By G. O., April 8, 1844. tongues of oxen and pigs p. or dried are to be allowed to be
shipped as stores in the like quantities as, and in lieu of, hams.
Tea, a quarter of an ounce per day, for each person on board.
By C. L., April 25, 1833, it is stated that the Lords of the Treasury, by Mr. Spring Rice's letter
of the 30th ultimo, have been pleased to permit the removal of tea, duty free, from the East
India Company’s warehouses, for the purpose of being re-warehoused and shipped as stores
at any of the warehousing ports of the United Kingdom, under the regulations of the Board’s
minute of the 23rd of November last,
By T. L., June 20, 1833, directions are given for permitting the re-packing of tea warehoused at
the out-ports (as stores) under the immediate care and superintendence of the proper officers,
and at the risk and expense of the party interested.
Coffee or Cocoa, one ounce per day, for each person on board.
With the option to ship the entire quantity required for the voyage, of either
of these species of articles, half an ounce of tea being considered equal to
one ounce of coffee or cocoa ; viz., in such case, three-quarters of an ounce
of tea.
By T. L., May 16, 1834, on roasted coffee allowed to be shipped as stores a drawback allowed,
equal in amount to the import duty chargeable on coffee the produce of and imported from a
British Possession in America.
Cocoa Paste.—The growth and manufacture of a British Possession abroad.—T. L., June 12,
1843.
Segars and Tobacco. See British Goods, p. 283.
Wine, one quart a-day, for the master, each mate, and each cabin passenger.
Wine bottled in the bonded warehouses for exportation may be shipped as stores
in packages containing not less than three dozen reputed quart, or six dozen
reputed pint, bottles.
By C. O., April 1834, cases containing not less than one dozen reputed quart, or two dozen
reputed pint, bottles of wine, may be in future shipped from the warehouse as stores.
By C. O., Aug. 10, 1831, wine is allowed to be shipped as stores instead of spirits, or a propor-
tion of each free of duty; one pint of the former being deemed equivalent to half a pint of
the latter, the quality of the wine to be left to the discretion of the parties interested in fitting
out the vessels.
By T. O., Feb, 13, 1836, duty paid wine may be shipped as stores in outward-bound vessels, in
not less than three dozen reputed quart bottles in each case.
Spirits, viz.:-
Brandy, half a pint a-day for each person on board.
Geneva, half a pint a-day for each person on board.
Rum, British plantation, half a pint a-day for each person on board.
British plantation rum to be in the proportion of one half of the whole quantity
of spirits shipped.
Each description of spirits intended as stores to be shipped in one cask capable
of containing the entire quantity of brandy, or of geneva, or of rum allowed
for the voyage, or in casks containing not less than forty gallons of brandy or
geneva, or twenty gallons of British plantation rum, as the case may be ; pro-
vided, that if spirits shall have been imported in bottles or bottled in the
bonded warehouse for exportation, the same may be shipped as stores, in pack-
ages containing not less than three dozen reputed quart, or six dozen reputed
pint, bottles.
By C. O., Feb. 15, 1834, cases containing one dozen bottles of spirits may in future be shipped
from the warehouse as stores.
By G. O.; May 9, 1843, spirits in stone bottles, not exceeding the size of quart bottles, are
allowed to be shipped as stores, in cases containing one dozen reputed quart bottles.


282 UNITED KINGDOM.—WAREHousing. [1845; -
SPIRITs, &c.—continued. - - . . . . . º.
Foreign Rum.—By C. O. Dec. 18, 1840, foreign rum is allowed to be shipped as a portion of
of the spirits required on the outward voyage, the officers taking care §. one half of the
quantity of spirits shipped as stores do consist of British plantation rum.
East India Rum.—By C. O., April 9, 1842, East India Rum, which would be admissible at
the duty of 9s. 4d. per gallon, is allowed to be shipped as stores, under the same regula-
tions as British Plantation Rum.
British Spirits for Ships' Stores.—By C. O., July 26, 1838, it is stated that no objection
exists to one-half or the whole quantity of spirits allowed to be shipped as stores, being
either British plantation rum, or British spirits bonded with the excise, at the option of the
parties. -
In cases where the number of persons on board a vessel may not be sufficient
to authorise the shipment of so large a quantity of each description of foreign |
spirits, under the regulations of the order dated 1st ultimo, as forty gallons,
the same may be allowed to be shipped in a package containing not less than
three dozen reputed quart bottles, or in casks containing ten gallons, when
the quantity required shall not exceed ten gallons, and in casks of twenty
gallons, where thc quantity shall exceed ten, and be under twenty gallons, |
and where the quantity shall be equal to, or exceed forty gallons, the foreign
spirits are only to be shipped in a legal-sized package, in conformity with the
said order.” - a |
Removal.—In cases of foreign º: intended as stores, the regulations required by C. O. of
August 5, 1828, to be observed upon the removal of British plantation rum for the purpose
of being shipped as stores be adopted; and the other articles in question are to be removed
under the regulations of the Warehousing Act, relative to the removal of bonded goods from
one warehousing port to another, as far as the same are applicable.
By C. O., Aug. 15, 1832, on the application of certain merchants, requesting permission to
remove bonded spirits from Bristol to ports in the Bristol Channel, for the purpose of being
shipped for exportation as merchandise, the request is granted so far as regards Newport,
Cardiff, Swansea and Milford; but that, previously to the removal, the casks be filled up to
the full content, and that the duty be paid upon all deficiencies chargeable under the Ware-
housing Act, as well as upon those which may occur on the transit, as ascertained by the
proper officers at Bristol and at the port of shipment respectively, and that when deemed
necessary by the latter officers, the goods be brought to the quay and landed for that pur-
pose, and not allowed to be put on board the exporting vessel until such duty is paid.
By C. O., Nov. 23, 1832, permission is given to remove under bond to the ports of Newport,
Cardiff, Swansea, and Milford, such articles as are allowed to be shipped as stores on board
foreign-bound vessels.
By C. O, Aug. 28, 1833, such articles as are already permitted to be shipped as stores on
|board foreign-bound vessels may be removed under bond to the ports of Newport, Cardiff,
Swansea, and Milford.
By C. O., August 28, 1836, for small vessels on short voyages, spirits may be drawn off into
casks of the contents of ten gallons and upwards, on condition of the same being ware-
housed exclusively for shipment as stores.
- TEMPERANCE PRINCIPLES. * . *
By C. O., April 12, 1844, Masters of vessels who have adopted temperance principles,
are allowed, upon their waving all right to any allowance of spirits for stores, to ship
brandy for medicinal purposes from the warehouse, duty-free, in the proportion of one-tenth
of the total aggregate quantity of brandy and other spirits to which they would be entitled
for stores according to the complement of the crew and duration of the voyage; and also to
ship such brandy in stone jars, provided the whole quantity required be contained in one
package.
Plums.
By C. O., Aug. 15, 1834, Plums, commonly called French Plums and Prunelloes, may be
shipped as stores.
Sugar, Raw, and Molasses, together or separate, two ounces a day for each per-
son on board.
Fruit, Dried, two pounds a week for each person on board.
*
Rice, two pounds a week for each person on board, º
Segars, Foreign, half an ounce a day for the master, each mate, and each cabin
passenger
The entire quantity of foreign segars allowed as stores for each voyage to be
shipped in one package. - -
East India Goods,--By C., O., July 19, 1833, it is stated, that it appearing, as East India
goods are always allowed to be removed to any of the ports which have been approved for
the warehousing of goods in general, to be re-warehoused there on condition of the duties
being paid within two years, under the General Orders of 8th June, 1831, and 31st Oct.,
* By C. O., Feb. 15, 1834, cases containing one dozen bottles of spirits may in future be
shipped from the warehouse as stores. :- - - - -
|
-E-- ºr


PART VIII.] UNITED KINGDOM.—WAREHousing. 283
SEGARs, &c.—continued. º
… , 1832, there is no objection to East India goods, so removed, of the description specified in
: the list of foreign goods annexed to the General Order of 28th Nov., 1832, being allowed to
be delivered for exportation as ship stores, under the regulation of the said order, nor to
such East India articles being removed ostensibly for shipment as stores, on the same being
..., cleared from the warehouse within the limited period.
-
REPACKING,
By C. O., Dec. 15, 1843, the repacking of goods, for shipment as stores, is to be confined to
... the following articles, and that in no case the same is to be allowed to be repacked into
smaller sized packages than the quantities specified against the respective articles, viz.:- .
Black Tea. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 ib Rice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 it,
Green. Tea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 , Almonds out of the shell... . . . . . . . . 7 ,
Raw Sugar. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 ,, 53 in the shell............... 28 , ,
Refined Sugar ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 ,, Butter... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 , ,
Currants ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 , Cheese. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 ,
Raisins ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 », Cocoa ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 , ,
Tobacco ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 , Brandy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 gall.
Cigars... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 , , Rum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 , ,
Raw Coffee.... . . . . . . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - 28 ,, Geneva ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 , ,
Molasses...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 ,,
Note—Spirits required in larger quantities than 5 gallons must be shipped in one entire cask.
By C. O. March 13, 1844, the Board resumed the consideration of their minutes of the 15th
... December last, by which the repacking of certain goods for shipment as stores was restricted
* to packages of the weight and content therein specified, and having read a report of the
* “Committee of the Board on the Waterside and Warehousing Departments, in which the
* Committee recommended that Biscuit and Flour in Bond should be allowed to be repacked
ºfor'stores subject to the following restrictions, viz. –
Captains and Navy Biscuit to Packages of 56 lb each.
Common Ship Biscuit . - • - 2 cwt, , ,
Flour - - - - - - . 56 ft, ,,
and the committee having, in the same report, recommended that the undermentiomed arti-
cles when repacked for exportation should be restricted to packages containing not less than
... the quantities specified against each, viz.:-
3, ; . Tea - • - - - - - - - 12 it.
* * *... . Currants - - - - - - - • 14 ,
-**- : * : * * * Pepper - - - - - - - - 28 , ,
". Nutmegs and Spices of all sorts - - - • 14 ,
}''. The separation of articles in internal packages, such as essential oils, plums, figs, &c. being
* "left to the discretion of the landing surveyors.
tº a “r .* r *.
* . BRITISH GOODS.
Beef, Pork, and Mutton. See p. 280.
By c. o., Oct. 9th, 1831, the following additional articles are allowed to be shipped as stores,
from the bonded warehouses, free of duty:—
British Refined Sugar three ounces per diem for the master, each mate, and each
passenger.
Spirits, British. See preceding list.
Sugar Refined and Treacle in bond allowed to be shipped as stores under the re-
... gulations applicable to foreign goods. T. O., Dec. 27, 1833.
By C. O., May 1, 1834, bastard sugar refined in bond may be shipped as stores, in the same
proportion as is now permitted under the existing regulations to ship raw or unrefined
sugar.
British Manufactured Tobacco or Foreign Segars, half an ounce perman per day,
to be taken separately or together, at the option of the parties.
The segars to be shipped from the bonded warehouses free of duty, and the other
articles upon the usual bounty or drawback.
By c. o., Feb. 5, 1833, the masters of South Sea Whalers may have the option of shipping
from the bonding warehouses, as stores, either half an ounce of unmanufactured or negro-
head tobacco, per day, per man, or half an ounce of British manufactured tobacco per day,
-s toer naan, --
B;c. o., July 19, 1833, the General Order of the 5th Feb. last, allowing the masters of South
Sea Whalers the option of shipping from the bonded warehouses, as stores, either half an
'-ounce of unmanufactured or negro-head tobacco per day, per man, or half an ounce of British
manufactured tobacco per day, per man, as allowed by the minute of 23d Nov., 1832, is
. . extended to the masters of vessels engaged in foreign voyages generally. -
ByTºo, sept. 6, 1833, unconsumed stocks of tobacco injured by the voyage may be delivered
for re-manufacture upon a bond being entered into by the parties to return the tobacco into
the warehouse within a limited period for subsequent re-shipment as stores; -
By T. L., Jan, ió,1837, the regulation requiring manufactured tobacco intended to be shipped
as stores on board outward-bound vessels to be packed in the presence of an excise officer
is dispensed with, and such tobacco intended to be shipped as stores may be removed from


284 UNITED KINGDOM.–WAREHOUSING. [1845.
SEGARs, &c.—continued.
the * premises into the custody of the officers of customs, with an excise per-
mit only.
Segars, manufactured in the United Kingdom. C. O., Oct. 19, 1840.
British Exciseable Goods; viz., Beer, Ale, and Porter, (together or separate,)
one quart per diem for the master, each mate, and each passenger.
Soap, half an ounce per man per day.
Vinegar, half a pint per man per week.
Guernsey, &c.—By C. O., June 3, 1834, vinegar, the produce of Guernsey and Jersey, allowed
to be shipped for stores direct from the warehouses free of duty, in the same manner as
other bonded goods are now permitted to be exported for that purpose.
FLOUR AND BISCUIT.
By C. O., Sept. 13, 1842, it being the intention of the government that flour and biscuit made
in the United Kingdom, and substituted under the provisions of the Act 5 and 6 Vict., c.
92, [p. 165], should be delivered from the warehouse as ship's stores, such flour and biscuit
are to be accordingly added to the list of arcicles allowed as stores, and that the searchers
do allow one pound of fine biscuit, and half a pound of flour, for each officer and cabin pas-
senger, and one pound and a quarter of common ship’s biscuit and half a pound of flour for
each of the crew and steerage passengers per diem, under the regulations common to other
descriptions of goods delivered from the bonding warehouses as stores.
By C. O., April 25, 1843, it is stated, that the Board have had under consideration an applica-
tion for permission to repack into casks on board vessels, biscuit shipped under bond in bags
for stores, the repacking being necessary for the preservation of the articles; and as it
appears that vessels are generally provided with casks for the securing of biscuit, and that the
repacking in bond would subject the owners to considerable expense; it is ordered, that
such repacking be allowed, upon application to the searcher at the station at which the
vessel may be lying; the operation taking place under the superintendence of the tide sur-
veyor, and in the presence of the tide waiter on board, who is to make entry of the particu-
lars of the transactions in his book; and the customs’ seal is to be affixed to the repacked
packages by the tide surveyor, in the usual manner. -
By C. O., April 7, 1843, it is stated, that a question having arisen whether biscuit of the
standard supplied to Her Majesty’s navy, should be issued as common biscuit for stores of
merchant vessels, under the provisions of the Act 5 & 6 Vict., c. 92, p. 165; the Board are
of opinion, that no distinction should be made between navy biscuit and common ship's
biscuit issued as stores; and that the former should be allowed for the use of the crew as
well as of the captain and cabin passengers. ... . "
By C. O., Feb. 8, 1844, it is stated, that the Board have adverted to their minute of 25th
April, 1843, permitting biscuit shipped under bond in bags for stores to be re-packed into
casks on board the exporting vessel, such re-packing to be allowed on application to the
searcher at the station at which the vessel may be lying; and as frequent applications are,
made for permission to re-pack bags of biscuit into the ships’ lockers for the preservation
thereof, it is ordered, that such re-packing be in future allowed under the regulations con-
tained in the before-mentioned minute. -
-


P A R T T H E N IN T H.
UNITED KINGIDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN
AND IRELAND.
ALIENS.
Former Act.—The Act 7 Geo. 4, c. 54, for the registration of aliens,
repealed. 6 Will. 4, c. 11, § 1. May 19, 1836,
Declaration of Masters of Vessels arriving from Foreign Parts.—The
master of every vessel which shall arrive in this realm from foreign parts
shall immediately on his arrival declare in writing to the chief officer of
customs at the port of arrival whether there is, to the best of his knowledge,
any alien on board his vessel, and whether any alien hath, to his hnowledge,
landed therefrom at any place within this realm, and shall in his said de-
claration specify the number of aliens (if any) on board his vessel, or who
have, to his knowledge, landed therefrom, and their names, rank, occupa-
tion, and description, as far as he shall be informed thereof; and if the
master of any such vessel shall refuse or neglect to make such declaration,
or shall wilfully make a false declaration, he shall for every such offence
forfeit 20l. and the further sum of 10l., for each alien who shall have been
on board at the time of the arrival of such vessel, or who shall have to his
knowledge, landed therefrom within this realm, whom such master shall
wilfully have refused or neglected to declare; and in case such master
neglect or refuse forthwith to pay such penalty, it shall be lawful for any
officer of customs, and he is hereby required, to detain such vessel until the
same be paid: provided always, that nothing herein contained shall extend
to any mariner actually employed in the navigation of such vessel during the
time that such mariner shall remain so actually employed. § 2.
Declaration of Alien on arrival from Abroad.—Passport.—Every alien
who shall arrive in any part of the United Kingdom from foreign parts shall
immediately after such arrival present and show to the chief officer of
customs at the port of debarkation, for his inspection, any passport which
may be in his or her possession, and declare in writing to such chief officer,
or verbally make to him a declaration, to be by him reduced into writing, of
the day and place of his or her landing, and of his or her name, and shall also
declare to what country he or she belongs and is subject, and the country
and place from whence he or she shall then have come; which declaration
shall be made or reduced into such form as shall be approved by one of His
Majesty's principal Secretaries of State; and if any such alien coming into
this realm neglect or refuse to present and show any passport which may be
in his or her possession, or if he or she shall neglect or refuse to make such
declaration, he or she shall forfeit 10l. § 3.


286 UNITED KINGDOM.—ALIENs. [1845
Officer of Customs to register Declaration and deliver Certificate to
Alien.—The officer of customs to whom such passport shall be shown and
declaration made, shall immediately register such declaration in a book to be
kept by him for that purpose (in which book certificates shall be printed in
blank, and counterparts thereof, in such form as shall be approved by one of
His Majesty's principal Secretaries of State), and shall insert therein the
several particulars by this Act required in proper columns, in both parts
thereof, and shall deliver one part thereof to the alien who shall have mad
such declaration. § 4. - ---.
Officer of Customs to transmit Declaration. &c.—The chief officer of
customs in every port shall within two days transmit a true copy of the
declaration of every master of a vessel, and a true copy of every such certi-
ficate, if in Great Britain, to one of His Majesty's principal Secretaries of
State; and if such alien shall have arrived from any foreign country in Ire-
land he shall transmit a true copy of such declaration and of such certificate
to the chief Secretary for Ireland. § 5. ' ' ". . .
Certificate of Alien departing the Realm.—Any alien about to depart
from this realm shall before his or her embarkation deliver any certificate
which he or she shall have received under the provision of this Act to the
chief officers of customs at the port of departure, who shall insert therein that
such alien hath departed this realm, and shall forthwith transmit the same
to one of His Majesty's principal Secretaries of State, or to the chief Secré-
rary for Ireland, as the case may be, in like manner as hereinbefore is
directed in respect to the certificate given to an alien on his or her arrival in
this realm. § 6. . . .
Certificates lost.—If any certificate issued to any alien by virtue of this
Act shall be lost, mislaid, or destroyed, and such alien shall produce to one
of His Majesty's Justices of the Peace proof thereof, and shall make it appear
to the satisfaction of such justice that he or she hath duly conformed with
this Act, it shall be lawful for such justice, and he is hereby required, to tes-
tify the same under his hand, and such alien shall thereupon be entitled to
receive from one of His Majesty's principal Secretaries of State, or from the
chief Secretary for Ireland, as the case may be, a fresh certificate, which shall
be of the like force and effect as the certificate so lost, mislaid, or destroyed. §7;
Certificate without Fee.—All certificates hereinbefore required to be given:
shall be given without fee or reward whatsoever; and every person who shall’
take any fee or reward of any alien or other person, for any certificate, or
anything done under this Act, shall forfeit for every such offence 201.; and
every officer of the customs who shall refuse or neglect to make such entry
or grant any certificate thereon, in pursuance of this Act, or shall knowingly
make any false entry, or neglect to transmit the copy thereof, or to transmit
any declaration of the master of a vessel, or any declaration of departure, in
manner directed by this Act, shall forfeit for every such offence 20l. ** *,
Forging.—If any person shall wilfully make or transmit any false declara-
tion, or shall wilfully forge, counterfeit, or alter, any declaration or certificate;
hereby directed, or shall obtain any such certificate under any other name or:
description than the true name and description of the alien intended to be
named and described, without disclosing to the person granting such certifi-
cate the true name and description of such alien, or shall falsely pretend to
be the person intended to be named and described in any . certificate, ;
every person so offending shall, upon conviction thereof before two jus:
tices, either forfeit any sum not exceeding 100l. or be imprisoned for
any time not exceeding three calendar months, at the discretion of such
justices. § 9. - . . . . .”
Prosecutions.—All offences against this Act shall be prosecuted within six
calendar months after the offence committed; and all such offences shall be:
prosecuted before two or more justices of the peace of the place where the
offence shall be committed, who are required, in default of payment of anyº


PART IX.] UNITED KINGDOM.–ALIENs. 287
pecuniary penalty, to commit the offender to the common gaol for any time
not exceeding one calendar month, unless the penalty shall be sooner paid,
where such penalty shall not exceed 20l., and forthwith to report to one of
His Majesty's principal Secretaries of State or to the chief Secretary for
Ireland, as the case may require, the conviction of every offender under this
Act, and the punishment to which he is adjudged; and no writ of certiorari
or of advocation or suspension shall be allowed to remove the proceedings of
any justices touching the cases aforesaid, or to supersede or suspend execution
or other proceeding thereupon. § 10.
Eremptions. Proof as to Alien.—Nothing in this Act shall affect any
foreign ambassador or other public minister duly authorised, nor any domestic
servant of any such foreign ambassador or public minister, registered as such
according to law, or being actually attendant upon such ambassador or
minister; nor any alien who shall have been continually residing within this
realm for three years next before the passing of this Act, or who shall here-
after at any time complete such residence of three years, and who shall have
obtained from one of his Majesty's principal Secretaries of State, or from the
chief Secretary for Ireland, a certificate thereof; nor any alien, in respect of
any act done or omitted to be done, who shall be under the age of fourteen
years at the time when such act was so done or omitted to be done: provided
always, that if any question shall arise whether any person alleged to be an
alien, and to be subject to the provisions of this Act, is an alien or not, or is
or is not subject to the provisions, the proof that such person is, or by law is
to be deemed to be, a natural-born subject of His Majesty, or a denizen of
this kingdom, or a naturalised subject, or that such person, if an alien, is not
subject to the provisions of this Act, or any of them, by reason of any excep-
tion in this Act or otherwise, shall lie on the person so alleged to be an alien,
and to be subject to the provisions of this Act.
Commencement.—This Act to commence from July 1, 1836.
Former Acts.-Such parts of the Acts 12 & 13 W. 3, c. 2; 1 G. 1 Sess. 2,
c. 4, and 14 G. 3, c. 84, as are inconsistent with the provisions of this Act
shalt be repealed. 7 & 8 Vict. c. 66, § 1. [6th Aug. 1844.]
Restrictions to Cease.—So much of the said Act of 1 G 1, as provides,
that no person shall hereafter be naturalized unless in the Bill exhibited for
that purpose there shall be a clause or particular words inserted to declare
that such person shall not thereby be enabled to be of the Privy Council, or
a member of either House of Parliament, or to take any office either civil or
military, or to have any grant of lands, tenements, or hereditaments from
the Crown to himself or any other person in trust for him, and that no Bill
of Naturalization shall hereafter be received in either House of Parliament
unless such clause or words first inserted, be repealed. § 2.
Persons born of a British Mother.—Every person now born, or hereafter
to be born, out of Her Majesty's dominions, of a mother being a natural-
born subject of the United Kingdom, shall be capable of taking to him, his
heirs, executors, or administrators, any estate, real or personal, by devise or
purchase, or inheritance of succession. § 3. -
How Alien Friends may hold Personal Property.—Every alien, being
subject of a friendly state, shall and may take and hold, by purchase, gift,
bequest, representation, or otherwise, every species of personal property,
except chattels real, as fully and with the same rights, remedies, exemption,
privileges, and capacities, as if he were a natural-born subject of the United
Kingdom. § 4.
How Subjects of a friendly State may hold Lands, &c.—Every alien now
residing in or who shall hereafter come to reside in any part of the United
Kindom, and being the subject of a friendly state may, by grant, lease,
demise, assignment, bequest, representation, or otherwise, take and hold
any lands, houses, or other tenements, for the purpose of residence or of
occupation by him or her, or his or her servants, or for the purpose of


288 UNITED KINGDOM.–ALIENs. [1845.
any business, trade, or manufacture, for any term of years not exceeding
twenty-one years, as fully, and with the same rights, remedies, exemptions,
and privileges, except the right to vote at elections for members of par-
liament, as if he were a natural-born subject of the United Kingdom. § 5.
How Aliens to become Naturalized.—Upon obtaining the certificate and
taking the oath hereinafter prescribed every Alien now residing in, or who
shall hereafter come to reside in, any part of Great Britain or Ireland with
intent to settle therein, shall enjoy all the rights and capacities which a
natural-born subject of the United Kingdom can enjoy or transmit, except
that such Alien shall not be capable of becoming of Her Majesty's Privy
Council, nor a member of either House of Parliament, nor of enjoying such
other rights and capacities, if any, as shall be specially excepted in and by
the certificate to be granted in manner hereinafter mentioned. § 6
How Aliens desirous of becoming Naturalized to Act.—It shall be lawful
for any such Alien to present to one of Her Majesty's principal Secretaries
of State a memorial, stating the age, profession, trade, or other occupation
of the Memorialist and the duration of his residence in Great Britain or
Ireland, and all other the grounds on which he seeks to obtain any of the
rights and capacities of a natural-born British subject, and praying the
Secretary of State to grant to the memorialist the certificate hereinafter
mentioned. § 7. -
Grant of Rights.-Every such memorial shall be considered by the Se-
cretary of State, who shall inquire into the circumstances of each case, and
receive all such evidence as shall be offered, by affidavit or otherwise, as he
may deem necessary or proper for proving the truth of the allegations con-
tained in such memorial; and the said Secretary of State, if he shall so think
fit, may issue a certificate, reciting such of the contents of the memorial as
he shall consider to be true and material, and granting to the memorialist
(upon his taking the oath hereinafter prescribed) all the rights and capa-
cities of a natural-born British subject, except the capacity of being a
Member of the Privy Council, or a Member of either House of Parliament,
and except the rights and capacities (if any) specially excepted in and by
such certificate. § 8.
Certificate to be Enrolled.—Such certificate shall be enrolled for safe cus-
tody as of record in Her Majesty's High Court of Chancery, and may be
inspected, and copies thereof taken, under such regulations as the Lord
High Chancellor shall direct. § 9.
Oath.--Within sixty days from the day of the date of such certificate,
every memorialist to whom rights and capacities shall be granted by such
certificate shall take and subscribe the following oath, viz.:-
“I, A. B., do sincerely promise and swear, that I will be faithful and bear
“true allegiance to Her Majesty Queen Victoria, and will defend Her to the
“utmost of my power against all conspiracies and attempts whatever which
“may be made against Her person, crown, or dignity; and I will do my
“utmost endeavour to disclose and make known to Her Majeity, her heirs,
“ and successors, all treasons and traitorous conspiracies which may be
“formed against Her or them; and I do faithfully promise to maintain, sup-
“ port, and defend to the utmost of my power the succession of the crown,
“which succession, by an Act, intituled An Act for the further Limitation
“of the Crown, and better securing the Rights and Liberties of the Subject,
“is and stands limited to the Princess Sophia, Electress of Hanover and the
“heirs of her body, being Protestants, hereby utterly renouncing and ab-
“juring any obedience or allegiance unto any other person claiming or pre-
“tending a right to the crown of this realm. So HELP ME God.”
Which oath shall be taken and subscribed by such memorialist, and shall be
duly administered to him or her, before any of Her Majesty's Judges of the
Court of Queen's Bench, or Court of Common Pleas, or Court of Exchequer,
**


PART IX.] UNITED KINGDOM.—ALIENs. 289
or before any master or master extraordinary in Chancery; and the judge
or master or master extraordinary in Chancery, whether in England or in
Ireland, before whom such oath may be administered, shall grant to the
memorialist a certificate of his or her having taken and subscribed such oath
accordingly; and such certificate shall be signed by the judge, master ro
master or master extraordinary in Chancery, before whom such oath shall be
administered. § 10.
Regulation of Proceedings.-The several proceedings hereby authorised
to be taken for obtaining such certificate shall be regulated in such manner
as the Secretary of State shall from time to time direct. § 11.
Fees.—The fees payable in respect of the several proceedings hereby
authorised shall be fixed and regulated by the Commissioners of Her
Majesty's Treasury. § 12.
Naturalized Persons.--All persons who shall have been naturalized before
the passing of this Act, and who shall have resided in the United Kingdom
during five successive years, shall be deemed entitled to, and shall enjoy all
such rights and capacities of British subjects as may be conferred on aliens
by the provisions of this Act. § 13. -
Pre-existing Rights.-Nothing in this Act shall prejudice, or be construed
to prejudice, any rights or interests in law or in equity, whether vested or
contingent, under any will, deed, or settlement executed by any natural-born
subject of Great Britain or Ireland before the passing of this Act, or under
any descent or representation from or under any such natural-born subject
who shall have died before the passing of this Act. § 14. -
Not to take away Rights.-Nothing herein shall be construed so as to
take away or diminish any right, privilege, or capacity heretofore lawfully pos-
sessed by or belonging to aliens residing in Great Britain or Ireland, so far
as relates to the possession or enjoyment of any real or personal property,
but all such rights shall continue to be enjoyed by such aliens in as full and
ample a manner as such rights were enjoyed before the passing ef this Act.
§ 15.
Married Women.—Any woman married or who shall be married to a
natural-born subject or person naturalized shall be deemed to be herself
naturalized, and have all the rights and privileges of a natural-born subject.
§ 16. -
AGENTS, BROKERS AND FACTORS.
Much evil would be avoided, if parties were accustomed to exact from their
agents accounts at stated periods of the funds intrusted to their care. Rigid
caution begets accuracy, as carelessness provokes laxity, negligence, and prodi-
gality. No body of men ought to tempt the moral principle of one man by unhe-
sitating confidence or dilatory examination. Every agent will be both honest and
exact, when he knows that he is amenable to the strict supervision of his princi-
pals; but the most honest man may slide into slovenly inaccuracy or lazy procras-
tination, when he has reason to doubt the diligence, the energy, or the caution of
his employers.-Ed.
How Agents deemed Owners.-Any agent who shall hereafter be in-
trusted with the possession of goods, or of the documents of title to
goods, shall be deemed to be owner of such goods and documents, so
U


290 UNITED KINGDOM.–Agents, Brokens, &c, [1845.
far as to give validity to any contract or agreement by way of pledge, lien,”
or security bona fide made by any person with such agent so intrusted,
as well for any original loan, advance, or payment made upon the security
of such goods or documents, as also for any further or continuing advance
in respect thereof; and such contract or agreement shall be binding upon
and good against the owner of such goods, and all other persons interested
therein, notwithstanding the person claiming such pledge or lien may have
had notice that the person with whom such contract or agreement is made
is only an agent, 5 & 6 Wict., c. 39, § 1. [30th June, 1842].
Bona fide 19eposits in Eachange protected.—Where any such contract
or agreement for pledge, lien, or security shall be made in consideration of
the delivery or transfer to such agent of any other goods or document of
title, or negotiable security, upon which the person so delivering up the
same had at the time a valid and available lien and security for a previous
advance by virtue of some contract, or agreement made with such agent,
such contract and agreement, if bona fide on the part of the person with
whom the same may be made, shall be deemed to be a contract made in
consideration of an advance within the true intent and meaning of this
Act, and shall be as valid and effectual to all intents and purposes, and to
the same extent, as if the consideration for the same had been a bona ſide
present advance of money; Provided, that the lien acquired under such
last-mentioned contract or agreement upon the goods or documents depo-
sited in exchange shall not exceed the value at the time of the goods
which, or the documents of title to which, or the negotiable security which,
shall be delivered up and exchanged. § 2. -
How far to protect Transactions without Notice that the Agent is actin
without Authority, or mala fide against Owner.—This Act shall be deeme
to give validity to such contracts and agreements only, and to protect onl
such loans, advances, and exchanges, as shall be made bona fide, an
without notice that the agent making such contracts or agreements has not
authority to make the same, or is acting nala fide in respect thereof against
the owner of such goods; and nothing herein contained shall be construed
to extend to or protect any lien, or pledge for any antecedent debt, owing
from any agent to any person with or to whom such lion or pledge shall be
given, nor to authorise any agent intrusted as aforesaid in deviating from
any express orders or arthority received from the owner; but that, for the
purpose and to the inte, it of protecting all such bona fºe loans, advances,
and exchanges (though made with notice of such agent not being the owner,
but without any notice of the agent's acting without authority), and to no
further or other intent or purpose, such contract or agreer, nt shall be
binding on the owner and all other persons interested in such goods. § 3.
Meaning of the term “ Document of Title.” HVhen Agent intrusted.
When in Possession. What to be deemed a “Contract or Agreement,” and
“Advance.” Possession prima facie Evidence of intrusting.—Any bill of
lading, India warrant, dock warrant, warehouse keeper's certificate, warrant,
or order for the delivery of goods, or any other document used in the ordi-
nary course of business as proof of the possession or control of goods, or
authorising or purporting to authorise, either by endorsement or by delivery,
the possessor of such document to transfer or receive goods thereby repre-
sented, shall be deemed to be a document of title within the meaning of
this Act; and any agent, intrusted as aforesaid, and possessed of any such
document of title, whether derived immediately from the owner of such
* Lien signifies two things; viz., Personal lien, such as bonds or contracts; or real lien,
such as judgment, statute, recognisance, &c., which oblige and affect the land.—Crabbe's Tech.
Dict, - - - - - - -
General lien is not, in point of meaning, a correct phrase; as the word “lien,” taken in its
most accurate signification, denotes a right to hold for labour employed upon the subject of the
lien. The right to a specific lien is perfectly consistent with equity and justice.—Law Journ.
R. B. Mich. Term, 1827.


PART IX.] UNITED KINGDOM.—Agents, Brokens, &c. 291
goods, or obtained by reason of such agent's having been intrusted with
the possession of the goods, or of any other document of title thereto, shall
be deemed to have been intrusted with the possession of the goods repre-
sented by such document of title as aforesaid, and all contracts pledging or
giving a lien upon such document of title as aforesaid shall be deemed to be
respectively pledges of and liens upon the goods to which the same relate;
and such agent shall be deemed to be possessed of such goods or documents
whether the same shall be in his actual custody, or shall be held by any
other person subject to his control, or for him or on his behalf; and where
any loan or advance shall be bona ſide made to any agent intrusted with
and in possession of any such goods or documents of title as aforesaid, on
the faith of any contract or agreement in writing to consign, deposit,
transfer, or deliver such goods or documents of title as aforesaid, and such
goods or documents of title shall actually be received by the person making
such loan or advance, without notice that such agent was not authorised to
make such pledge or security, every such loan or advance shall be deemed
and taken to be a loan or advance on the security of such goods or docu-
ments of title within the meaning of this Act, though such goods or docu-
ments of title shall not actually be received by the person making such loan
or advance till the period subsequent thereto; and any contract or agree-
ment, whether made direct with such agent, or with any clerk or other
person on his behalf, shall be deemed a contract or agreement with such
agent; and any payment made, whether by money or bills of exchange, or
other negotiable security, shall be deemed to be an advance within the
meaning of this Act; and an agent in possession of such goods or docu-
ments shall be taken, for the purposes of this Act, to have been intrusted
therewith by the owner thereof, unless the contrary can be shown in evi-
dence. § 4.
Agent's civil Responsibility.—Nothing herein contained shall lessen, vary,
alter, or affect the civil responsibility of an agent for any breach of duty or
contract, or non-fulfilment of his orders or authority in respect of any such
contract, agreement, lien, or pledge. § 5.
Agent making Consignments or accepting advances confrary to Instruc-
tion of Principal.-If any agent intrusted as aforesaid shall, contrary to or
without the authority of his principal in that behalf, for his own benefit and
in violation of good faith, make any consignment, deposit, transfer, or deli-
very of any goods or documents of title so intrusted to him, as and by way
of a pledge, lien, or security; or shall, contrary to or without such authority,
for his own benefit and in violation of good faith, accept any advance on the
faith of any contract or agreement to consign, deposit, transfer, or deliver
such goods or documents of title; every such agent shall be deemed guilty
of a misdemeanor, and being convicted thereof, shall be sentenced to trans-
portation for any term not exceeding fourteen years nor less than seven
years, or to suffer such other punishment, by fine or imprisonment, or by
both, as the Court shall award; and every clerk or other person who shall
knowingly and wilfully act and assist in making any such consignment,
deposit, transfer, or delivery, or in accepting or procuring such advance,
shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and being convicted thereof, shall
be liable, at the discretion of the court to any of the punishments which the
court shall award, as hereinbefore last-mentioned: Provided, nevertheless,
that no such agent shall be liable to any prosecution for consigning, depo-
siting, transferring, or delivering any such goods or documents of title, in
case the same shall not be made a security for the payment of any greater
sum of money than the amount which at the time of such consignment,
deposit, transfer, or delivery was justly due and owing to such agent from
his principal, together with the amount of any bills of exchange drawn by
or on account of such principal, and accepted by such agent; Provided
also, that the conviction of any such agent so convicted shall not be received
U 2


292 UNITED KINGDOM.—Agents, Brokers, &c. [1845.
in evidence in any action at law or suit in equity against him, and no agent
intrusted as aforesaid shall be liable to be convicted by any evidence what-
soever in respect of any act done by him, if he shall, at any time previously
to his being indicted for such offence, have disclosed such act, on oath, in
consequence of any compulsory process of any court of law or equity in
any action, suit, or proceeding which shall have been bona fide instituted
by any party aggrieved, or if he shall have disclosed the same in any
examination or deposition before any commissioner of bankrupt. § 6.
Right of Owner to redeem or to recover Balance of Proceeds. In case of
of Bankruptcy, how Oumer to Prope.-Nothing herein contained shall pre-
vent such owner from having the right to redeem such goods or documents
of title pledged as aforesaid, at any time before such goods shall have been
sold, upon repayment of the amount of the lien thereon, or restoration of the
securities in respect of which such lien may exist, and upon payment or satis-
faction to such agent, if by him required, of any sum of money for which
such agent would by law be entitled to retain the same goods or documents,
or any of them, by way of lien as against such owner, or to prevent the
owner from recovering of and from such person with whom any such goods
or documents may have been pledged, or who shall have any such lien
thereon, any balance or sum of money remaining in his hands as the
produce of the sale of such goods, after deducting the amount of the lien of
such person under such contract or agreement: Provided always, that in case
of the bankruptcy of any such agent the owner of the goods which shall have
been so redeemed by such owner shall, in respect of the sum paid by him on
account of such agent for such redemption, be held to have paid such sum
for the use of such agent before his bankruptcy, or in case the goods shall
not be so redeemed, the owner shall be deemed a creditor of such agent for
the value of the goods so pledged at the time of the pledge, and shall, if he
shall think fit, be entitled in either of such cases to prove for or set off the
sum so paid, or the value of such goods, as the case may be. $ 7.
Interpretation of Act.–In construing this Act, the word “person’” shall
be taken to designate a body corporate or company, as well as an individual;
and words in the singular number shall, when necessary to give effect to the
intention of the Act, import also the plural, and vice versd; and words used
in the masculine gender shall, when required, be taken to apply to a female
as well as a male. § 8.
Former Contracts.-Nothing herein contained shall be construed to give
validity to or in anywise to affect any contract, agreement, lien, pledge, or
other thing made or done before the passing of this Act. § 9.
HOLIDAYS.
Customs.--No day shall be kept as a public Holiday by the Customs,
except Christmas Day and Good Friday in every year, and any days ap-
pointed by His Majesty's proclamation for the purpose of a general fast or
of a general thanksgiving, and also, so far as regards Scotland, any days ap-
pointed for such purpose, by authority of the General Assembly, and also
such days as shall have been appointed for the celebration of the birthdays
of their Majesties and of their successors, and such days as shall be kept as
public holidays by the officers and servants of the dock companies in the
United Kingdom. 3 & 4 Will. 4, c. 51, § 13.
Ercise.—No holidays whatever shall be kept at any office of excise except
Christmas Day and Good Friday in every year, and any days which are or
shall be appointed by His Majesty's proclamation for the purpose of a
general fast or thanksgiving, the anniversaries of the restoration of His
Majesty King Charles the Second, and of the coronation of His Majesty,
and the birthdays of their Majesties and of the Prince of Wales, and their
respective successors, and also such days as are or shall be appointed by any


PART IX.] UNITED KINGDOM.–Holi DAYs. 293
warrant issued for that purpose by the Lords of the Treasury. 7 & 8 Geo. 4,
c. 53, § 16.
RETURN OF DUTY.
Time for return of Duty overpaid.—Although any duty of customs shall
have been overpaid, or although after any duty of customs shall have
been charged and paid it shall appear or be judicially established that the
same had been charged under an erroneous construction of the law, it shall
not be lawful to return any such overcharge after the expiration of three
Ayears from the date of such payment. 3 & 4 Will. 4, c. 52, § 126. [See
page 184.]
SAMPLES.*
It shall be lawful for the officers of customs to take such samples of any
goods as shall be necessary for ascertaining the amount of any duties payable
on the same; and all such samples shall be disposed of and accounted for in
such manner as the commissioners of customs shall direct. 3 & 4 Will. 4,
c. 52, § 124.
CONSULS.
Among the modern institutions for the advantage of commerce, one of the most useful is that
of Consuls, or persons residing in the large trading cities, and especially the sea-ports, of foreign
countries, with a commission to watch over the rights and privileges of their nation and to
decide disputes between her merchants there. When a nation trades largely with a country, it
is requisite to have there a person charged with such a commission; and, as the state which
allows of this commerce must naturally favour it—for the same reason, also, it must admit the
Consul. But, there being no absolute and perfect obligation to this, the nation that wishes to
have a Consul, must procure this right by the commercial treaty itself.
The Consul being charged with the affairs of his Sovereign, and receiving his orders, continues
his subject, and accountable to him for his actions.—Chitty’s Vattel, Law of Nations.
CONSUL’S FEES.
TABLE of Fees allowed to be taken by Consuls-General, and Consuls by the Act of
6 Geo. IV., c. 87.
TABLE A.
Certificate of due landing of goods exported from the United
Kingdom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 dollars
Signature of ship's manifest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 dollars
Certificate of origin, when required . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 dollars
Bill of health, when required . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 dollars
Signature of muster-roll, when required. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 dollars
Attestation of a signature, when required . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ] dollar
Administering an oath, when required . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . dollar
Seal of office, and signature of any other document not
specified herein, when required . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 1 dollar
TABLE B.
Bottomry or arbitration bond . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 dollars
Noting a protest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I dollar
Order of survey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 dollars
* As to Samples of specific articles, see under the names of those articles in IM ports,
PART III. r
As to samples under the Warehousing Act, see WAREliot sixG, PART VIII.


294 UNITED KINGDOM.–Consu Ls. [1845.
CoNSULs' FEEs—continued.
Extending a protest or survey. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 dollar
Registrations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 dollar
Visa of passport . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Valuation of goods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Attending sales, , per cent. where there has been a charge
for valuing ; otherwise 1 per cent.
Attendance out of Consular Office at a shipwreck, 5 dollars
per diem for his personal expenses, over and above his
travelling expenses.
Ditto on opening a will . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 dollars
Management of property of British subjects dying intes-
tate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2% per cent
The dollars mentioned in the above tables are in all cases to be paid by the
delivery of dollars, each of which is to be of the value of 4s. 6d. sterling, and no
more, according to the rate of exchange prevailing at the place where such payment
is made.
... } dollar
1 per cent
See Miscell. ANEous INFow \iatios, prefired to the Journal.
See also the
Lists under the various Kingdoº, tº Prºtesia, &c., in PAºt X.


PART THE TENTH.
E U R O P E.
{JN HTE:) Ki NG|DOM.
A fairer isle than Britain never sun *
View’d in his wide career; a lovely spot
For all that life can ask—salubrious, mild—
Its hills are green, its woods and prospects fair,
Its meadows fertile, and, to crown the whole
In one delightful word, it is our home,
Our native isle.—Thompson,
THE OPENING OF . . . E ROYAL EXCHAN, GE P. K. HER MAJESTY.
LoNDoN, Mos AY, Oct. 28, 1844.
About 5 minutes past 11 o'clock Her Majesty effered the royal carriage, and
the procession immediº'y formed. On emerging from, under the marble arch
Her Majesty was greeted with the greatest enthusiasm; the cheering and waving
of hats and handkerchiefs being continued down the whole of the densely crowded
line. Her Majesty repeatedly acknowledged these bursts of enthusiasm in the most
gracious and graceful manner, by bowing on either side.
Her Majesty was dressed in white satin, and wore a silver tiara set with brilliants,
and looked remarkably well. His Royal Highness Prince Albert, who was seated
on the left of Her Majesty in front, was dressed in the uniform of the Hon.
Artillery Company, of which His Royal Highness is Colonel. He, too, looked
extremely well, and repeatedly bowed to the cheers of the crowd. Her Majesty
was greeted with similar enthusiasm during the whole of the august ceremonial.
The principal apartment of the Royal Exchange, in which Her Majesty was
received, is called the “Subscribers' Room.” It is 98 feet long by 40 wide, so
that it afforded ample room for a grand entertainment. And a very excellent en-
tertainment it was that was provided.
The Recorder, on an intimation given from the throne, proceeded to read the
address, which he did in a very emphatic way, appropriate to the sentiments it
conveyed. The address ran thus :—
To THE QUEEN’s Most ExcELLENT MAJESTY.
“The humble Address of the Lord Mayor, Aldermen, and Commons of
the City of London, in Common Council assembled.
“Most Gracious Sovereign,
“We, your Majesty's faithful subjects, the Lord Mayor, Aidermen, and Com-


296 EUROPE.—UNITED KINGDoM. [1845.
mons of the City of London, in Common Council assembled, together with the
Master, Wardens, and Commonalty of the Mystery of the Mercers, joint trustees
of Sir Thomas Gresham, hail your Majesty's auspicious presence in the heart of
the metropolis on this renowned and favoured spot with the liveliest sentiments of
devoted loyalty and attachment.
. “The privilege we this day enjoy of approaching your Royal person under the
roof of the new Exchange revives the memory of the olden time, when your
Majesty's illustrious predecessor, Queen Elizabeth, vouchsafed to adorn by her
presence the simpler edifice raised by a citizen, and dedicated to the commerce of
the world.
“Your Majesty in this respect emulates the example of that great monarch who
deemed it no disparagement of her imperial state to proclaim by the herald and to
distinguish the work of a subject by the title of the “Royal Exchange.”
“It is recorded in the graceful narrative of events inscribed on the foundation-
stone, of this building, that ‘the relief of indigence and the advancement of litera-
ture and science’ entered into the capacious scheme of the original founder of this
noble institution, and were made subsidiary to the stability and grandeur of a com-
merce co-extensive with the habitable globe.
“Yielding to that eminent citizen and benefactor of his kind, Sir Thomas Gres-
ham, had the signal merit to plan and execute at his own charge this glorious work,
we still rejoice to trace the assisting hand of the city and the ancient company of
Mercers from the earliest prosecution of the design, and our gratitude is kindled
on reflecting that each memorable epoch of the Royal Exchange is marked by the
solicitude of the reigning monarch to raise and to rebuild the structure from the
ashes to which it has been twice reduced by the calamitous effects of fire.
“King Charles II. commenced the former building on the 23d of October,
1667, and the illustrious Prince, the Royal Consort of your Majesty, under your
Majesty's auspices, laid the first stone of the present edifice on the 17th of
January, 1842.
“Deign, therefore, Most Gracions Lady, to regard with your Royal approbation
this work of our hands, the noble and well-constructed pile again raised by the
citizens of London, and erected on a site rendered worthy of the objects of so vast
an undertaking, to endure, we fervently pray for ages, a memorial and imperish-
able monument of the commercial grandeur and prosperity, and of the peaceful
triumphs of your Majesty's happy reign.
“Signed by order of the Court,
“ HENRY ALWORTH MEREWETHER.”
Her Majesty listened to the address with marked attention, and bowed at its
conclusion. She then turned to Sir James Graham, who handed Her a written
copy of Her Majesty's answer, which she read in that clear emphatic tone of voice
which, though by no means loud or elevated, has made her so distinctly audible on
several occasions in even the remotest parts of the House of Lords. Her Majesty’s.
answer was as follows:–
“I receive with peculiar satisfaction this dutiful address. It is a pledge of the
affectionate loyalty of my people, presented on an auspicious occasion in a place
long renowned as the centre of the commerce of these realms.
“It delights me to behold the restoration of this noble edifice, which my Royal
ancestors regarded with favour, and which I esteem worthy of my care.


PART X.] EUROPE. –UNITED KINGDOM. 297
“Within the last three years, when fire had destroyed the ancient building, my
beloved consort laid the new foundation, and this day I gladly celebrate the com-
pletion of the work, quickly executed, but grand and perfect in all its parts.
“The relief of the indigent, the advancement of science, the extension of com-
merce, were the objects contemplated by the founder of the Exchange.
“These objects are near to my heart. Their attainment will, I trust, be re-
corded among the peaceful triumphs of my rejgn; and I shall rejoice if I am thus
enabled, by the blessing of Divine Providence, to promote the prosperity and hap-
piness of all classes of my subjects.”
At an intimation from the throne, the Lord Mayor then stepped forward and
knelt before Her Majesty, who gave him Her hand to kiss.
Her Majesty was then graciously pleased to say to the Lord Mayor, “It is my
intention, Mr. Magnay, to confer the dignity of a baronet upon you, to commemo-
rate this event,” Her Majesty, looking to the Secretary of State, added, “Sir
James Graham, see that the patent is prepared.” The Lord Mayor made an
obeisance to Her Majesty, and returned to his former place. The Lord Mayor
then again stepped forward, and presented to Her Majesty Mr. Lambert Jones,
the mover of the address, and Mr. Harrison, the seconder, who both had the
honour of kissing Her Majesty's hand. The Lord Mayor also presented Mr.
Aston, the Master of the Mercers' Company, and the two Sheriffs, Messrs. Sidney
and Hunter, who also had the same honour. Mr. Tife. the architect of the Ex-
change, was also presented to Her Majesty by the Lord Mayor, and Her Majesty
was graciously pleased to give him Her hand to kiss. -
RAILWAYS.
An idea may be formed of the amount of capital employed in railway projects,
when we learn that it has been estimated that the 90 new schemes now before
the public require 71,000,000l. as capital for their construction, upon which
4,200,000l will have to be paid in calls before application can be made to Parlia-
ment.—Cor.
As to the Importation into the United Kingdom of Goods the produce of Asia,
Africa, or America, from Europe, see p. 1.
As to Trade with British Possessions in Foreign Ships, see neart page, also p. 39.
As to Dangers of the Seas, see PART VI.
MONEYS.
Accounts are kept in Pounds, Shillings, and Pence; which money is called Ster-
ling, to distinguish it from the Colonial Money, and from some moneys of the
Continent which bear similar denominations.
The rate of the value of the Pound Sterling, in Gold, is for 1,869 Sovereigns,
or Pounds, to be coined out of 40 troy lb. weight of Gold 11-12ths fine. The
full weight, therefore, of a Sovereign is dwts. 53};} grains, and the fine weight is
113;3 grains.
The rate of coinage, for silver, is 66 shillings from 1 lb. troy of silver, 37-40ths
fine. The full weight of a shilling is therefore dwts. 3 15% grains, and the fine
weight 80 ºr grains.
WEIGHTS AND MEASURES.
The gold and silver weight is the troy pound of 12 ounces. The ounce is 20
dwts., each of 24 grains,


298 EUROPE.-BRITISH Possessions ABROAD. [1845.
The commercial weight is the pound avoirdupois, weighing 7,000 troy grains;
112 pounds make 1 cwt. and 20 cwt. 1 ton. The pound is divided into 16
ounces, each of 16 drams. -
The measure for liquids is the imperial gallon. The gallon is divided into 4
quarts or 8 pints.
The measure for seeds and dry goods is the imperial bushel of 8 imperial gal-
lons. 8 bushels make 1 quarter; and 10 quarters 1 last.
The usual commercial measure of length is the yard of 3 feet or 36 inches. An
ell is 5 quarters of a yard. 1,760 yards make 1 mile, called a statute mile, as
being fixed at this length by Act of Parliament; it is also so called to distinguish
it from the geographical mile, or 60th part of a degree of the meridian, which
degree in the latitude of London, reduced to the level of the sea, is computed at
69. 146 statute miles.—Tate's Modern Cambist.
BRITISH POSSESSIONS ABROAD.”
How the King may regulate Trade of Colonies—It shall be lawful for His
Majesty, by and with the advice of his Privy Council, by any orders in council
to be issued from time to time, to give such directions and make such regu-
lations touching the trade and commerce to and from any British Possession,
on or near the contincht of Europe, or within the Mediterranean Sea, or in
Africa, or within the limits of the East India Company's Charter (excepting
the possession of the said Company), as to His Majesty in council shall ap-
pear most expedient and salutary, any thing in this Act to the contrary not-
withstanding; and if any goods be imported or exported in any manner
contrary to such order of His Majesty in council, the same shall be forfeited,
together with the ship importing and exporting the same. 3 & 4 Will. 4,
c. 59, § 81.4
Coasting Trade of British Possessions.—Whenever it shall appear to the
commissioners of customs expedient to establish a coasting trade for the
removal of goods generally, or for the removal of any particular goods, be-
tween neighbouring ports of different colonies, similarly circumstanced in
respect of duties, in any of the British possessions abroad, it shall be lawful
for the commissioners to issue directions for that purpose, and from the pub-
lication thereof in the Gazette, or other public paper printed in the said
colonies to which such coasting trade has been extended, the same shall
come into full force and effect; and such coasting trade shall be subject to
the like rules and furfeitures, as the commissioners are authorised to make
for the carrying coastwise of any goods under the provisions of the Act for
Regulating the Trade of the British Possessions abroad. 1 & 2 Vict., c. 113,
§ 25. [August 16, 1838.]
WAREHOUSING.
How any Goods may be Parehoused for Eagortalion.—Whereas by the
Act 3 & 4 Will. 4, c. 54 [page 5], it is enacted, that goods of any sort or
the produce of any place, not otherwise prohibited than by the Law of Na-
vigation, may be imported into the United Kingdom from any place in a
British ship, and from any place not being a part of the British dominions,
in a foreign ship of any country, and however navigated, to be warehoused
for exportation only, under the provisions of any law in force for the time
being made for the warehousing of goods without payment of duty upon the
first entry thereof; and whereas it is expedient that power should be given
to Her Majesty in council to permit goods, not otherwise prohibited to be
imported into the British possessions abroad, than under the said Act, to be
imported into certain ports of the British possessions abroad for the purpose
of being warehoused for exportation; it is therefore enacted, that it shall be
* Segúrs. By T. L., Oct. 1, 1835, segars may be imported into the Channel Islands in pack-
ages containing 100 ib. each.
# See “Heligoland,” in this Part.


PART X.] EUROPE.—Is LE of MAN. 299
lawful for Her Majesty, by order in council, from time to time to declare
that goods of any sort, or the produce of any place, not otherwise prohibited
than by the Law of Navigation in the said Act contained, may be imported
into any port of the British possessions abroad, to be named in such order,
from any place in a British ship, and from any place not being a part of the
British dominions in a foreign ship of any country, and however navigated,
to be warehoused for exportation only, under the provisions of any law in
force for the time being made for the warehousing of goods without payment
of duty upon the first entry thereof; and from the date of any such order it
shall be lawful so to import, for the purpose of being warehoused for ex-
portation only, any such goods into the ports named therein, according to
the provisions of the order, and such order in council may from time to time
be altered or revoked by Her Majesty by any subsequent order in council.
6 & 7 Vict, c. 84, § 20. [Aug 22, 1843].
IRELAND.
ARMS, &c.
As to import of Arms, &c., see p. 126.
HSLE OF MAN, GUERNSEY, &c.
These islands formerly constituted part of the Duchy of Normandy in
France; but they are now included in the county of Hampshire in England.
—Ed.
HSLE OF MAN.
TARIFF.
A TABLE of THE DUTIES OF CUSTOMS PAYABLE ON Goops im PortTEL;
on Baou GHT INTo THE ISLE of MAN.
# s. d.
CoALs from United Kingdom - - - Free.
CoFFEE, the Import Duties in the United Kingdom not having been
there paid thereon, b - - () () 2
HEMP • - - - w Free.
HoPs from United Kingdon, - * Free.
IRoN * . e • Free.
SPIRITs”; viz., Brandy, Foreign, gai!on - {} 4 (;
Geneva, Foreign, gallon . - o 0 2 6
— Rum of the British Possessions, gallon x 0 l 6
Such spirits not exceeding the strength of proof by Sykes's hydro-
meter, and so in proportion for any greater or less strength than the
strength of proof, and for any greater or less quantity than a gallon.
Sug AR, Muscovado, of the British Possessions, and such other sugar
as if entered for consumption in the United Kingdom would be sub-
ject, under any Act of the present Session of Parliament, to a duty
less than sixty-three shillings the cwt., cwt. - () I (;
Refined in the United Kingdom from raw sugar, whereupon
the import duties have there been paid, ext. () 9 0.
TEA ; viz.: –
Bohea, lb 0 1 0.
Green, th 0 1 0
* SPIRITS AND COMPOUNDS.
By C. o., Sept. 3, 1841, spirits and compounds from the Channel Islands certified to have been
manufactured from materials the produce of the said islands and the United Kingdom im-
ported subsequently to that date, will not be permitted by the Board of Excise into the stocks
of dealers.


300 EUROPE.-Isle of MAN. [1845.
TARIFF-continued. £ s. d.
TobAcco, b - - 0 1 6 -
SEGARs, th - - - 0 3 0
WINE, tun of 252 gallons 12 0 0
Wood, Foreign : viz.:-
Timber, 8 inches square and upwards, load of 50 cubic feet 0 8 0
Timber and wood goods, the produce of the British Pos-
sessions - - - - Free
EAU DE Cologs E, per flask (30 not containing more than one gallon) 0 0 4
- or the gallon - - - 0 10 0
Liqueu Rs, gallon - - - 0 10 0
Goods, brought from United Kingdom, and entitled to any bounty
or drawback of excise on exportation thence, and not herein-before
enumerated or charged with duty - Free.
the growth, produce, or manufacture of and brought from the
United Kingdom, and not herein-before charged with duty Free.
— not the growth, produce, or manufacture of the United King-
dom, but brought thence, and having there been entered for con-
sumption, and the import duties having been paid there thereon Free.
imported or brought from any place whence such goods may
be lawfully imported into the Isle of Man, and not herein-before
charged with duty, or declared to be free of duty, 100l. value 15 0 0
7 & 8 Vict. c. 43, § 2. [Juy 19, 1844.]
How Treasury may vary Duties—London Gazette.—It shall be lawful
for the Commissioners of Her Majesty's Treasury, from time to time, by any
order under their hands, to declare that all or any articles legally importable
into the Isle of Man, and not enumerated in the said table, and upon which
the duty of fifteen pounds for every hundred pounds value is hereby imposed,
shall, from a day to be named in the said order, be imported from the places
and in the manner in the said order mentioned into the Isle of Man duty-
free, and such articles shall be imported duty-free accordingly so long as
such order, or any part thereof, affecting such articles, shall continue in
force: Provided always, that it shall be lawful for the said commissioners,
from time to time as they shall consider expedient, by any further order
under their hands, to revoke the whole or any part of such order, such order
of revocation to take effect from a day to be named therein: Provided, that
all orders of the Commissioners of Her Majesty's Treasury made in pursuance
of this enactment shall be duly published in the London and Dublin Gazettes
twice at least within fourteen days from the date of such orders respectively,
and that a copy of every such order shall be laid before both Houses of Par-
llament within six weeks after the date of such order, if Parliament be then
sitting, and if not, then within six weeks after the commencement of the
then next session of Parliament.* $ 3.
Schedule of Licence, Goods.--And whereas it is enacted that certain goods
enumerated in a certain schedule called a schedule of Licence Goods, shall
not be imported into the Isle of Man, nor exported from any place to be
carried to the Isle of Man, without the licence of the commissioners of
customs first obtained, nor in greater quantities in the whole in one year than
are mentioned in the said schedule, nor except from the respective places set
forth in the schedule, and according to the rules subjoined to the schedule;
it is enacted, that so much of said Act as is hereinbefore recited is hereby
repealed. § 4.
* GOODS DUTY FREE.
Whereas we did, by virtue of the powers vested in us by the foregoing Act of the 7th and 8th
Victoria, cap. 43, order and declare, by our warrant of the 26th ultimo, that all or any articles,
legally imported into the Isle of Man, and not enumerated in the table annexed to the said Act,
and upon which the º, of 15!, per cent is thereby imposed, shall and may, from and after the
5th of November, 1844, be imported intº the Isle of Man duty free, so long as this our order, or
any part thereof.affecting such articles shall continue in force;


PART X.] EUROPE.-Isi, E of MAN. 301
Certain Goods importable only under Licence.—The several sorts of
goods enumerated in the schedule to this Act annexed, denominated “Sche-
dule of Licence Goods,” shall not be brought into the Isle of Man, nor laden
on board any vessel to be carried from any place to the Isle of Man without
the Licence of the Commissioners of Customs first obtained, nor in greater
quantities in the whole in one year than the respective quantities of such
goods specified in the schedule, and such goods shall not be so brought
into the Isle of Man except from the respective places set forth in the
schedule, and according to the rules subjoined thereto : Provided, that it
shall be lawful for the Commissioners of Her Majesty's Treasury, upon suffi-
cient cause to them appearing, by any order under their hands, to permit the
importation into the Isle of Man of such additional quantity of such several
sorts of goods or any of them in any one year beyond the quantities named
in the table as they shall in their discretion consider expedient. § 5.
Provisions of former Act with respect to Licences, &c.—The several
enactments in 3 & 4 Will. 4, c. 60, in any way relating to licences and
licensed goods, except so far as the same are hereby repealed, shall continue
in force in respect of all licences to be granted under this Act, and all goods
brought into the said island by virtue of licences under this Act, or for the
importation of which a licence is by this Act required, in the same manner
as if such enactments were repeated in this Act: Provided nevertheless, that
any person who, having obtained a licence under this Act, shall not import
or bring into the said island the whole quantity of goods permitted to be im-
ported or brought under such licence, during the period for which it shall
remain in force, shall be thereby disqualified from receiving a licence in the
year next following that in which his previous licence shall have been
granted. § 6.
How Corn, Grain, Meal, and Flour may be Warehoused.—It shall belawful
for the Commissioners of Her Majesty's Treasury by their warrant from time
to time to appoint any ports in the Isle of Man to be warehousing ports for the
purposes hereinafter declared, and it shall be lawful for the Commissioners
of Her Majesty's Customs, subject to the authority and directions of the
Commissioners of Her Majesty's Treasury, by their order from time to time
to appoint in what warehouses or places of special security or of ordinary
security, as the case may require, in such ports, and in what different parts
or divisions of such warehouses or places, and in what manner any corn,
grain, meal, or flour may and may only be warehoused and kept and secured
without payment of any duty upon the first entry thereof, and also in such
order to direct in what cases (if any) security by bond shall be required in
respect of any warehouse so appointed by them. § 7.
Regulation as to Corn, &c.—All provisions in the Act of 3 & 4 Will. 4.
[now 5 Vict. Sess. 2, c. 14, p. 151], shall be construed to extend to the Isle of
Man, so far as relates to the articles of corn, grain, meal, and flour: Provided,
that whenever in the said Act any notice, order, or appointment is directed
to be published in the London or Dublin Gazettes respectively, it shall be
necessary that any such notice, order, or appointment in respect of any
And having had again under our consideration the subject of this matter, we, being three of
the Lords Commissioners of Her Majesty’s Treasury, do hereby revoke and determine so much
of the said warrant as admits the importation of such goods free of duty, from and after the 5th
day of November, 1844, and do i. that the payment of such duty shall not be enforced
from the date of the passing of the before-mentioned Act of 7th and 8th Victoria, c. 43:
And we do further direct, that this our order be duly published in the London and Dublin
Gazettes, in accordance with the provisions of the 3d section of the said Act: for which this shall
be your warrant:
Whitehall, Treasury-chambers, this 20th day of September, 1844,
(Signed) HENRY Gou LBURN.
ALEx R. PRINGLE.
ARTHUR LENNox.
The Commissioners of Her Majesty’s Customs.


302 EUROPE.-Isle of MAN. [1845.
warehouse in the Isle of Man, shall be published in the London and
Dublin Gazettes. § 8
Trade deemed Coastwise.—All trade, from any port of the United King-
dom to the Isle of Man, or from the Isle of Man to any port of the United
Kingdom, shall be deemed to be a coasting trade; and all ships, while em-
ployed therein, shall be deemed to be coasting ships, and shall be subject
to all the rules, penalties, and forfeitures now in force relating to coasting
ships; and the Isle of Man shall not be deemed in law, with reference to
any part of the United Kingdom, to be parts beyond the seas, in any
matter relating to the trade or navigation or revenue of this realm: Pro-
vided, that all goods liable to duty under this Act, when brought from the
United iSingdom to the Isle of Man, and all vessels bringing the same,
shall be liable to the same rules as are required by law in respect of goods
imported into the said isle from foreign parts, and in respect of the vessels
bringing the same; and all the penalties and forfeitures, inflicted by law for
any breach of the rules, shall attach upon all goods so brought into the
said isle contrary to the rules, and upon all persons committing any breach
of any such rule; and such penalties and forfeitures shall be recovered in
the same manner as any penalty or forfeiture may be recovered by any Act
relating to the cºustoms. § 9.
Former Rule as to Eaſport of Warehoused Goods.--And whereas by the
aforesaid Act for the warehousing of goo's it was enacted, that no goods
should be exported from the warehouse to the Isle of Man, except such
goods as might be imported into the said island with license of the Com-
missioners of Customs, and in virtue of any such license first obtained :
and whereas it is expedient that such prohibition should be repealed; it is
therefore enacted, that so much of the said Act as is hereinbefore recited
shall be repealed. § 10.
How Warehoused Goods may be removed.—Goods warehoused in the
United Kingdom may be removed from such warehouses into any port in
the Isle of Man, under such security and under such regulations as are set
forth in the said Act with respect to the removal of warehoused goods from
one warehousing port to another warehousing port in the United Kingdom,
except so far as the said last-mentioned regulations apply to the warehousing
such goods at their port of destination. § 11.
Excise Drawbacks.--Nothing herein shall be deemed to affect the laws
and regulations now in force respecting duties and drawbacks of excise on
goods exported or to be exported to the Isle of Man. § 12.
Sugar.—Any sugar upon which any bounty shall have been allowed
under any Act relating to the customs may be removed to the Isle of Man.
§ 13.
Bond.—Before any such sugar shall be removed to the Isle of Man the
person removing the same shall give bond to Her Majesty, with one suf-
ficient surety, that the same shall be duly landed in the Isle of Man, and
shall not be relanded in any part of the United Kingdom. § 14.
Foreign Goods except Corn-It shall not be lawful to carry any goods,
not being of the growth, produce, or manufacture of the Isle of Man, or
of the United Kingdom, except corn, grain, meal, or flour, in any ship,
from the Isle of Man to any place in the United Kingdom. § 15.
Sugar and Rum.–It shall not be lawful to import or bring into the Isle
of Man any sugar or rum other than that enumerated in the table of duties
hereinbefore contained. § 15.
Illegal Transactions.—If any goods shall be imported into or exported
from the Isle of Man, or shall be carried coastwise from one part of the
said isle to another part of the said isle, or from the United Kingdom to the
said isle, or from the said isle to the United Kingdom, or shall be water-
borne, or brought to any wharf or place with intent to be water-borne, to


304 EUROPE.—IsLE of MAN, GUERNsey, &c. [1845.
(7.) Upon importation into the Port of Douglas of any such goods the license
for the same shall be delivered up to the collector or controller of that port.
Earport and carrying Coastwise of Licence Goods. Wine.—It shall not
be lawful to re-export from the Isle of Man any goods which have been im-
ported into the said isle with licence of the Commissioners of Customs as
aforesaid; and it shall not be lawful to carry any such goods coastwise from
one part of the said isle to another, except in vessels of fifty tons burden at
the least, and in the same packages in which such goods were imported into
the said isle; and it shall not be lawful to remove any wine from one part of
the said isle to another except in such packages or in bottles. $ 10.
Goods Prohibited to be Imported.—The several sorts of goods enumerated
in the schedule hereinafter contained, denominated “Schedule of Prohibi-
tions,” shall not be imported into the Isle of Man, viz.:-
SchEDULE of PROHIBITIons.
Goods the produce or manufacture of places within the limits of the East India
Company's charter, except from the United Kingdom.
Cotton yarn, cotton cloth, linen cloth, glass manufactures, woollen manufac-
tures, unless bona fide laden in and imported directly from the United King-
dom :
British distilled spirits.
All goods prohibited to be imported into the United Kingdom to be used or
consumed therein, on account of the sort or description of the same. § 13.
Limiting Quantity of Spirits. Tea and Tobacco for use of Seamen in
Decked Vessels. In open Boats.-And whereas it is expedient that the
quantities of spirits and tobacco, and tea, allowed to be exported in decked
vessels or open boats bound from the Isle of Man to Great Britain or Ireland,
for the use of the seamen then belonging to and on board such decked
vessels or open boats, should be limited, it is enacted that if any decked
vessel bound from the Isle of Man to any port of Great Britain or Ireland,
shall have on board for the use of the seamen any spirits exceeding half a
gallon for each seaman, or any tobacco exceeding 1 lb. for each seaman, or
any tea exceeding 2 lb. for the whole of the seamen on board such vessel;
or if any open boat bound from the Isle of Man to any port of Great Britain
or Ireland shall have on board for the use of the seamen any spirits exceeding
one quart for each seaman, or any tobacco exceeding 1% lb. for each seaman,
or any tea exceeding 1 lb. weight for the whole of the seamen on board such
boat, all such foreign spirits, tobacco, and tea respectively, together with the
packages containing the same, and also every such vessel or boat, together
with all the guns, furniture, ammunition, tackle, and apparel thereof, shall be
forfeited. 3 & 4 Will. 4, c. 60, § 14.
Certificate for Goods the produce of the Isle of Man,—Before any goods
shall be shipped in the Isle of Man for exportation to the United Kingdom,
as being the produce or manufacture of that island, proof shall be made by
the written declaration of some competent person, to the satisfaction of the
collector and controller of customs at the port of shipment, that such goods,
describing and identifying the same, are the produce or manufacture, as the
case may be, of the said island, and in such declaration shall be stated the
name of the person by whom such goods are intended to be entered and
shipped; any such person at the time of entry (not being more than one
month after the date of such declaration) shall make and subscribe a decla-
ration before such collector or controller, that the goods to be shipped in
virtue of the entry are the same as are mentioned in such declaration; and
thereupon the collector and controller shall, on demand, give to the master of


PART X.] EUROPE.—Isle of MAs, Guernsey, &c. 305
the ship in which the goods are to be exported, a certificate of such proof of
produce or of manufacture having been made in respect of such goods, de-
scribing the same, and setting forth the name of the exporter and of the ex-
porting ship, and of the master thereof, and the destination of the goods; and
such certificate shall be received at the port of importation in the United
Kingdom, instead of the certificate of the governor, lieutenant-governor, or
commander-in-chief of the said island, heretofore required. § 15.
Certificate of Landing.—No drawback or bounty shall be allowed for any
goods exported from the United Kingdom to the Isle of Man, until a certifi-
cate shall be produced from the collector and controller of the customs of the
Isle of Man of the due landing of such goods. 3 & 4 Will. 4, c. 52, § 92.
Tonnage of Ships and Size of Packages for Spirits, Tobacco, and Snuff.
—No brandy, geneva, or other spirits (except rum of the British Plantations)
shall be imported into or exported from the islands of Jersey, Guernsey,
Alderney, or Sark, or either of them, or removed from any one to any other
of the said islands, or coastwise from any one part to any other part of
either of the said islands, or shall be shipped in order to be so removed or
carried, or shall be water-borne for the purpose of being so shipped, in any
ship or boat of less burden than 100 tons (except when imported from the
United Kingdom in ships of the burden of 70 tons at least), nor in any
package of less size or content than forty gallons,” except when in bottles.f
and carried in a square-rigged ship), nor any tobacco or snuff in any ship or
boat of less burden than 100 tons (except when imported from the United
Kingdom in ships of the burden of 70 tons at least), nor in any package
containing less than 450 lb.: (except any such spirits or loose tobacco as
shall be for the use of the seamen belonging to and on board any such ship
or boat, not exceeding two gallons of the former and five pounds of the
latter for each seaman, and also except such manufactured tobacco or snuff
as shall have been duly exported as merchandise from Great Britain or
Ireland), on pain of forfeiture of all such foreign brandy, geneva, or other
spirits, tobacco, or snuff, together with the packages containing the same,
and also of every such ship, vessel, or boat, together with all the guns, furni-
ture, and ammunition, tackle and apparel thereof. 3 & 4 Will. 4, c. 59, § 88.
[As to Tonnage of Vessels, see p. 7.]
Vessels of Ten Tons supplying Sark.-Nothing herein shall extend to
subject to forfeiture or seizure, under any provisions of this Act, any boat
not exceeding the burden of ten tons, for having on board at any one time
any foreign spirits of the quantity of ten gallons or under, in packages of
less size or content than forty gallons, or any tobacco, snuff, or tea, not
exceeding 50 lb. weight of each, for the supply of the said island of Sark,
such boat having a license from the proper officer of customs at either of
the islands of Guernsey or Jersey, for the purpose of being employed in
carrying commodities for the supply of the said island of Sark; which
license such officer of customs is hereby required to grant, without taking
any fee or reward for the same; provided always, that every such boat
having on board at any one time any greater quantity of spirits than ten
gallons, or any greater quantity of tobacco or snuff than 50 lb. of each of
* By 1 & 2 Vict., c. 113, § 22, reduced to 20 gallons; . . -
+ By c. o., Dec. 6, 1833, the importation of bottled spirits from Guernsey into this country,
in such of the regular traders as are of seventy tons burden and upwards, whether square-rigged
or not, allowed.
: By 4 & 5 will. 4, c. 89, c 22, it shall be lawful to import into the islands of Jersey, Guern-
sey, Alderney, or Sark, brandy, geneva, or other spirits, and tobacco, from foreign parts, in
packages required by law, in ships of the burden of seventy tons at least, and to export the like
goods from the said islands in ships of the like tonnage. --- - -
By 1 & 2 vict., c. 113, § 23, so much of the above Act as prohibits the importation or expor-
tation of tobacco or snuff into or from the islands of Guernsey, Jersey, Alderney, or Sark, except
in ships of certain tonnage, and in packages of certain content mentioned in the said Act, shall
be repealed. ------
X


306 EUROPE.-Isle of MAN, GUERN's EY, &c. [1845.
the said articles, unless such greater quantity of spirits, tobacco, or snuff
shall be in casks or packages of the size, content, or weight hereinbefore
required, or having on board at any one time any greater quantity of tea
than 50 lb., shall be forfeited. § 89. * 1:
Persons found on board Vessels liable to forfeiture.—Every person who
shall be found or discovered to have been on board any vessel or boat liable
to forfeiture under any Act relating to the revenue of customs for being
found within one league of the islands of Guernsey, Jersey, Alderney, or
Sark, having on board, or in any manner attached or affixed thereto, or
conveying or having conveyed in any manner such goods or other things
as subject such vessel or boat to forfeiture, or who shall be found or disco-
vered to have been on board any vessel or boat from which any part of the
cargo shall have been thrown overboard during chase, or staved or destroyed,
shall forfeit 100l. § 90. -
Goods Duty Free, with Erceptions. Countervailing Duty.—It shall be
lawful to import into the United Kingdom any goods of the produce or
manufacture * of the islands of Guernsey, Jersey, Alderney, Sark, or Man,
from the said islands respectively, without payment of any duty (except in
the cases hereinafter mentioned); and that such goods shall not be deemed
to be included in any charge of duties imposed by any Act hereafter to be
made on the importation of goods generally from parts beyond the seas,
provided always, that such goods may nevertheless be charged with any
proportion of such duties as shall fairly countervail any duties of excise or
any coast duty payable on the like goods, the produce of the part of the
United Kingdom into which they shall be imported:# provided also, that
such exemption from duty shall not extend to any manufactures of the
said islands made from materials the produce of any foreign country, except
manufactures of linen or cotton made in and imported from the Isle of Man.
3 & 4 Will. 4, c. 52, § 40. -->
Certificate of Produce.—Before any goods shall be entered as being the
produce of the said islands (if any benefit attach to such distinction), the
master of the ship or vessel importing the same shall deliver to the collector
or controller a certificate + from the governor, lieutenant-governor, or com-
mander-in-chief of the island from whence such goods were imported, that
proof had been made, in manner required by law, that such goods were of
the produce of such island, stating the quantity and quality of the goods,
and the number and denomination of the packages containing the same ;
and such master shall also make and subscribe a declaration before the col-
lector or controller that such certificate was received by him at the place
where such goods were taken on board, and that the goods so imported are
the same as are mentioned therein. § 41. -
* As to manufactures of materials of Foreign origin, &c., see next page. - -
+ The excise duty on British spirits of 7s. 6d. the gallon is charged. [The additional duty of
4d, the gallon, mentioned p. 47, of course increases this to 7s. 10d.] By 1 & 2 Vict., c. 113; $ 4
[Aug. 16, 1838], it is stated, that whereas doubts have arisen whether such charge may be made
in respect of the materials of such goods; it is therefore enacted, that such goods are and shall
be also chargeable to such proportion of the said duties of importation as shall fairly countervail
any duty of excise upon any of the materials of which the goods are manufactured. *
By C. O., dated Oct. 3, 1840, it is stated that several parcels of “sweets, or made wines,”
containing from ten to twenty per cent. of proof spirit, having been imported into England, from
Guernsey and Jersey, and admitted to entry, duty free, as being the produce and manufacture
of those islands; and the Board being of opinion, with reference to the quantity of spirit con-
tained in such wine, that it is liable to, and should be charged with, a countervailing duty, equi-
valent to the excise duty payable upon the proportion of spirit contained in such sweets, or made
wines, viz., at the rate of ten per cent., thus:– --
If imported into England - - . 9d. per gallon.
Scotland - - - 4d. ditto. º,
Ireland . - - . 23d. ditto.
And an additional duty of one halfpenny per gallon, under the Act of the 3rd Victoria, cap. 17,
sec. 2; provided the said wine does not contain a greater quantity than twenty per cent, of proof
spirit, in which case it would become chargeable with a duty equivalent to the excise duty pay-
. upon British, Scotch, and Irish spirits respectively.
f As to Stone, see Tariff, Class 16, p. 104.


PART X.] EUROPE.-Isle of MAN, GUERN's EY, &c. 307
Produce of Colonies and Fisheries.—It shall be lawful for the Lords Com-
missioners of His Majesty's Treasury, when and so long as they shall think
fit, to permit any goods the produce of the British possessions or fisheries
in North America, which shall have been legally imported into the islands
of Guernsey or Jersey direct from such possessions, to be imported into the
United Kingdom, for home use, direct from those islands, under such
regulations as the said Commissioners shall direct, anything in the law of
navigation to the contrary notwithstanding. § 42.
Wessels with Stone, &c., not to be Piloted.—No vessel arriving on the
coast of England from Guernsey, Jersey, Alderney, Sark, or Man, wholly
laden with stone the production thereof, shall be liable to be conducted or
piloted by pilots appointed and licensed by the corporation of the Trinity
House of Deptford Strond, any law, custom, or usage to the contrary not-
withstanding. § 43.
How Tea may be Imported.—It shall be lawful to import any tea into
the islands of Guernsey, Jersey, Alderney, or Sark, from the Cape of Good
Hope, and places eastward of the same to the Straits of Magellan, or from
the United Kingdom, and not from any other place, in such and the like
manner as if the same were set forth in an Act passed in the present session
of parliament to regulate the trade of the British possessions abroad. 3 &
4 Will. 4, c. 101.
Certificate of Production of Goods.--It shall be lawful for any person who
is about to export from any of the islands of Guernsey, Jersey, Alderney, or
Sark, to the United Kingdom, or to any of the British possessions in
America, any goods of the growth or produce of any of those islands, or any
goods manufactured from materials which were the growth or produce
thereof, or of the United Kingdom, to go before any magistrate of the island
from which the goods are to be exported, and make and sign before him a
declaration that such goods, describing the same, are of such growth or pro-
duce, or of such manufacture, and such magistrate shall administer and sign
such declaration; and thereupon the governor, lieutenant-governor, or com-
mander-in-chief of the island from which the goods are to be exported, shall,
upon the delivery to him of such declaration, grant a certificate” under his
hand of the proof contained in such declaration, stating the ship in which,
and the port to which, in the United Kingdom, or in any such possession,
the goods are to be exported; and such certificate shall be the proper docu-
ment to be produced at such ports respectively, in proof that the goods
mentioned therein are of the growth, produce, or manufacture of such islands
respectively. 3 & 4 Will. 4, c. 59, § 86.
Clearance.—No vessel or boat belonging wholly or in part to His
Majesty's subjects, shall sail from Guernsey, Jersey, Alderney, Sark, or
Man, without a clearance, whether in ballast, or having a cargo; and if
with a cargo, the master shall give bond to His Majesty, in double the value
of the vessel or boat and of the cargo, for duly landing the same at the port
for which the vessel clears; and every such vessel or boat not having such
clearance, or which, having a clearance for a cargo, shall be found light or
with any part of the cargo discharged before delivery thereof at the port
specified in the clearance (unless through necessity, or for preservation of
the vessel or boat, to be proved to the satisfaction of the commissioners of
customs), shall be forfeited. 3 & 4 Will. 4, c. 53, § 7.
British Fisheries.—Craft, food, victuals, (except spirits), and materials fit
for the British fisheries may be exported. 6 & 7 Wil. 4, c. 60, § 15.
Manufactures of the Channel Islands, on Importation into the United
Kingdom.—All manufactures of the islands of Guernsey, Jersey, Alderney,
Sark, or Man, made of materials of foreign origin or produce, or of materials
liable to duty upon importation into the United Kingdom, and upon which
* As to Stone, see Tariff, Class 10, p. ii 4.


308 EUROPE.—IsLE of MAN, GUERNsey, &c. [1845.
no duty has been paid, or upon which drawback of such duty has been
allowed in the United Kingdom, except manufactures of linen and cotton
made in and imported from the Isle of Man, shall, for the purposes of duty,
be deemed and taken to be the produce of and imported from a foreign
country. 5 & 6 Wict., c. 47, § 45. [July 9, 1842.]
The said provision shall not extend to any manufactures of the said islands
the materials whereof are not of foreign origin or produce, but of the growth
or produce of the said islands, although such materials may be liable to duty
upon the importation thereof into the United Kingdom. 5 & 6 Wict., c. 56,
§ 3. [July 30, 1842.]
MONEYS, WEIGHTS. AND MEASURES.
The coin of the realm is lately become the legal tender, and circulates at a fixed
premium (by the authorities) at 8% per cent. French and Spanish moneys are also
current, but the former is not frequently used in purchases at this island, as it is
generally reserved by parties who collect it for public travelling. The Jersey pound
is exactly equal to the pound Danish, or, in other words, 104 b Jersey will weigh
down 112 b English, the difference being as 13 to 14. The measure in general use
is called a “cabot,” fourteen of which are computed to furnish an imperial quarter
of wheat, and eleven one of barley. The potato cabot is considered to weigh 40 ſh
Jersey; the apple cabot (of all sorts) to average 38 lb. As to other commodities,
the weight of the cabot differs as to the specific gravity of the ingredient intro-
duced. The liquid measure here adopted is the “pot,” two hundred of which
are computed to yield ninety-two imperial gallons, equal to a loss of 8 per cent, on
the gallon.
The new Jersey copper coinage was put into circulation in Nov. 1841. It con-
sists of penny and halfpenny pieces. The obverse side of each bears a beautifully
executed likeness of Her Majesty, surrounded by the inscription of “Victoria D.
G. Britanniar. : Regina F. D., 1841.” The reverse consists of a shield bearing
three leopards—passant et gardant—surrounded by the words, “States of Jersey,
1-13 (or 1-26) of a shilling.”—Cor.


PART X.] EUROPE. –RUSSIA. 309
RUSSIA.
Principal Ports, Archangel, Arbo, Aland (Island of), Arensberg, Bjorneburg,
Brahastadt, Borgo, Cronstadt (Island of), Christianstadt, Dago (Island of),
Ekemas, Gamla Carleby, Hapsal or Gapsal, Helsingfors, Jacobstadt, Kola,
Kunda, Libau, Lovisa, Narva, Ny Carleby or New Carleby, Nystadt, Onega,
Petersburg, Pernau, Riga, Revel, Sweaborg, Taganrog, Uleaborg, Wyborg,
Windau, Wasa. -
CoNSUL GENERAL VACANT.
H E N R Y BY R O N, Esq.
Is in charge of the Consulate.
Consulate Office, 2, Winchester-buildings, Great Winchester-street.
"CoNSULs.
Liverpool.—James Leigh, Esq.
Gibraltar.—Thomas Power, Esq.
WICE-Consuls.
Aberdeen—A. Thomson, Esq. Hull—T. Firbank, Esq.
Belfast—J. Galbraith, Esq. Harwich–S. Billingsley, Esq.
Bristol—A. Alexander, Esq. Kirkwall—R. Searth, Esq.
Bideford–T. B. Chanter, Esq. Llanelly—R. Dunkin, Esq.
Brighton—P. Cazalet, Esq. Lerwick—Wm. Bain, Esq.
Dublin–J. Astle, Esq. Leith—D. Thom, Esq.
Dundee—Thomas Neish, Esq. Liverpool—Nicholas Mahs, Esq.
Dover–H. Latham, Esq. [ling, Esq. Milford–Thomas Roberts, Esq.
Deal and Ramsgate—Edward S. Cur- Newport (Monmouth)—C. H. Stone.
Falmouth—A Fox, Esq. house Esq.
Glo'ster—J. M. Shipton, Esq. Newcastle-on-Tyne–J. T. Carr, Esq.
Gosport, Portsmouth, and the Isle of Plymouth—J. Luscombe, Esq.
Wight—M. March, Esq. Sheerness—W. W. Bentham, Esq.
Guernsey—J. Collings, Esq. Teignmouth—Sir W. H. Tonkin, Knt.
Glasgow–Nicholas Handyside, Esq. Yarmouth—J. W. Shelly Esq.
NEW REVOLVING LIGHT ON BERDIANKA-POINT,
TAGANROG.
By the following extract of a letter, received at Lloyd's from the British Vice-
Consul at Taganrog, it appears that the fact of a new light having been placed on
Berdianka-point, coast of Russia, is not generally known to mariners:—
“Taganrog, August 16, 1844.
“Some masters of British vessels, recently arrived in this port, have informed
me that they have been much perplexed by the new revolving light placed on the
Berdianka-point not being marked on the charts, nor noted in the “Book of
Instructions.’”
Treaty of Commerce and Navigation between Her Majesty and the Emperor of all
the Russias, signed at St. Petersburg, January 11, 1843.
[Ratifications exchanged at London, January 31, 1843.]
The present treaty shall remain in force during the space of ten years dating from the exchange
of the ratifications thereof; and further, until the expiration of twelve months after either of the
high contracting parties shall have given notice to the other of its intention to put an end
thereto; each of the high contracting parties reserving to itself the right of giving such notice to
the other at the expiration of the first mine years; and it is agreed between them, that at the
expiration of twelve months after such notice shall have been received by either of the high con-
tracting parties from the other, the present treaty, and all the stipulations contained therein,
shall cease to be binding on the two parties. -
[This treaty was given at large in the Journal for 1844. As, however, the essential parts
touching imports and exports will be found embodied in the subsequent order of the Board of
Customs, such treaty has been removed to make room for new matter.—Ed.]


310 EUROPE.—Russia. [1845.
--~~
By O. C., Feb. 24, 1843, Russian vessels arriving from the ports or mouths of the Vistula,
the Niemen, or any other river which forms the outlet o! a navigable stream having its
source in the dominions of His Majesty the Emperor of all the Russias, or passing through
the said dominions, shall be admitted, with their cargoes, into the ports of t; United King-
dom of Great Britain and Ireland, and of all the possessions of Her Majesty, exactly in the
same manner, and with the same privileges and immunities, as if such vesseſ arrived directly.
from Russian ports, or from ports in the Grand Duchy of Finland; and in like manner,
Russian vessels proceeding from any part of the United Kingdom, or of the British posses.
sions, to the ports or mouths of any of the rivers above-mentioned or described, shall be
treated as if they were returning to a port of the empire of Russia, or of the Grand Duchy
of Finland; provided nevertheless that these privileges shall apply to Russian vessels onl
so long as British vessels, and their cirgoes shall be treated at º places, on their ...
and departure, on the same footing with Russian vessels.
COAL. See p. 188.
TABLE of Duties, payable to the Russia Company, on Goods imported from the
ports of St. i*iersburg, Cron-tadt, Narva, Onegar, and Archangel.
s. d. 8. d.
Ashes, pot and pearl, ton 0 4 Bear Skins, each . - . 0 2
Aniseed, cwt. . - 0 3 Armines, or Ermines, timber of
Books bound, cwt. 0 2 40 skins - - 0 2
Bristles, doz. lb. - 0 0} Calabar, timber . - 0 2
Cantharides, 100 lb. 1 0 Fox Skins, 100 - 0 4}
Caviare, cwt. . 0 2 Sables, timber - - . 1 6
Copper, ton, - - . () 4 Wolf, Skin - - - 0 1%
Cordage, cwt. . - - 0 2 Hare Skins, 1000 . - . 0 1
Corn, viz., wheat, q1... . . 0 0; Swan Skins, piece . - 0 1
,, of any other description, qp. 0 0} Tallow, ton - - . 0 3
Castoreum, lb. - - 0 1 Tongues, 100 . - - 0 2
Down, 100 lb. . - . 0 4 Tow, ton - - - . 0 4
Feathers for beds, cwt. - 0 4 Wax, Bees’, cwt. - - 0 2
Flax, ton - - - 0 4 Wool, cwt. - - . 0 1
Glue, cwt - - - 0 1 Balks, above 5 in sq., 120 0 4
Hair, Cow or Ox, cwt. , () 2 ,, under 5 in sq., 120 . 0 3
,, Horse, do. - - 0 2 Battens, 120 . - - 0 1
Hemp, ton . - - . 0 3 Clap Boards, 120 - . 0 1
Hides, dry undressed, cwt. 0 1 Deals, and Deal Ends, 120 0 3
, , wet, cwt. - - . 0 0 Fire-wood, fathom - . 0 1
,, Red, or Muscovy, each 0 0 Fir-timber, load - 0 1
Iron, ton . - - . () 2 Handspikes, 120 - 0 2
Isinglass, cwt. . - - 0 2 Lathwood, fathom . - 0 1
Junk and Rope, ton - . 0 2% Masts, great, each - 0 2
Linen, 100l. value . 1 () ,, middle and small, each 0 1
Mats, 100 . - - 0 2 Oars, 120 . - - . 0 4
Oakum, ton . - - 0 3 Oak Boards, 120 - - 0 5
Pitch and tar, last - . 0 2 Oak Plank, load - . 0 3
Rhubarb, lb. . - - 0 13 Oak Timber, load . - 0 2
Rope and Junk, ton 0 2 Paling Boards, 120 - . 0 1
Resin, cwt. - - - 0 1 Spars, 120 - - 0 2
Saltpetre, cwt. . - 0 1 Staves, 120 . - - 0 1
Seed, qr. (except Aniseed 0 0} Wainscot Logs, load 0 2
Goods Not RATED IN THIS TABLE,
Are to pay one-eighth per cent. according to the value, on the declaration of the
importer.
THoMAs CoPE, Secretary.


PART X.] EUROPE.-Russia. 311
TARIFF.
Tariff of the Import Duties imposed by the Russian Government upon the
various articles mentioned below, which came into operation the 1st of January,
1842 :—
Duty,
ARTICLEs. Rbls. Copecs.
Coffee - - - . p. pood” 6 . , 15
Cotton-wool - - - - () , 25
Cotton-yarm - • - - 6 . 50
Cochineal - - - - 13 50
Indigo - - - - - 5 80
Querciton bark - • - I ()
Brazil, Nicaragua, St. Martha, Lima, Japan,
and Logwood - ... berkowitz 2 0
Fustic - - - - l 40
Lead, in pigs - - - - 0 10
Tin, in blocks - - p. pood () 60
Olive oil . - - - - l 85
Rice - - - - () 60
Salt - - - - - () 40
Sugar - - 3 80
Cloth, half-cloth, kerseymere, ladies' cloth,
tricot, of black, dark blue, dark green,
white, and bluish white colour, also with
small white spots—hitherto prohibited per lb. 3 . , 50
N.B.-The quarantine and additional duty will not be paid further, except on
the old duties.
ALTERATIONS.
St. Petersburg, Jan. 15 (27), 1842.
By order of the Minister of Finance, the Departinent of Foreign Commerce has
just published a notice consequent on the promulgation of the new tariff of customs
for the regulation of the trade by the frontiers of Europe —
1. In what relates to travellers arriving in Russia, the authorities will conform
strictly to the regulations concerning travellers, with this single difference—that,
in future, it will not be permitted to each traveller to have more than one fur
pelisse; and that the duty lately established of 35 per cent. ad vaſorem, will be
levied upon such articles of silver plate as they may lave over and above the
number specified. The articles that are not comprised in the category of the
regulations relating to travellers cannot be introduced without payment of the
duties; and as to those of which the importation is prohibited, they can only be
re-exported under the circumstances foreseen by the law. In any other case
they will be confiscated, especially if there shall not have been made on their
behalf any declaration or previous decision by the superior authorities of the
customs authorising their admission.
2. In consequence, articles included in the category of merchandise or provisions
of which the importation is permitted by the tariff cannot in any case be introduced
duty free.
§ Nothing shall be recognised as the effects of travellers but what they bring
with them. Effects separately forwarded shall be considered as merchandise, and
be liable to the provisions of the tariff.
4. Nothing shall be recognised as effects for the personal use of travellers—
which, under certain circumstances, are admitted free of duty—except those that bear
evident marks of the use that has been made of them. Effects not bearing such
marks shall be considered as new.
5. The verification, at a private residence, of effects so brought, shall only be
permitted in case of works of art.
* A pood is equal to 36 lb. English.


312 EUROPE.—RUSSIA. 1845.1
St. Petersburg, Jan. 22 (Feb. 3), 1842.
By order of the Minister of Finance, the Department of Foreign Commerce
has just published a notice, to the effect that articles in bronze, in an entire
form, such as lustres, girandoles, and others of every description, remaining pro-
hibited from importation by the tariff of Nov. 28, 1841, as well as previously,
cannot be recognised as admissible if they be imported in detached pieces; and
that, in the strict observance of the provisions of the said tariff, the customs can
only admit, under a duty of 40 silver copecs per pound, the importation of several
articles of bronze or other composition, such as figured bas-reliefs, and ornaments,
not gilt, plated, covered with platina, non-bronzed, intended to serve as models,
or to be employed here in the execution of bronze articles.
St. Petersburg, July 25, 1842.
Sir, I have the honour to hand you, for the information of the Governor and
Court of Assistants of the Russia Company, and all others interested in the trade
of this part, a translated extract of an ukase, dated the 15th of July, 1842:—
“Having confirmed the proposal of a committee appointed by us, for the
erection of a permanent bridge across the Neva, and in consequence of the impos-
sibility to cover such a considerable charge out of the usual revenues of the capital,
we have deemed it necessary to make loans from the banks; for the payment of
the interest and the capital, by the trade, upon the condition for loans of thirty-
seven years, and in accordance with the opinion of the members of said committee,
and after examination of this subject by the Council, we ordain—
“1. That upon the importation of all foreign articles, be levied, in addition
to the duties by the existing tariff, an addition of 13 per cent. upon the amount
of duties.
“2. That such addition commence from the 1st of January, 1843, and to
extend to all foreign articles which may remain in the St. Petersburg Custom-
house pack-houses at that period uncleared.”
I have the honour to remain, Sir,
Your obedient servant,
To Thomas Cope, Esq., Secretary of CHAs. Mober LY.
the Russia Company.
St. Petersburg, Jan. 1, 1843.
His Majesty the Emperor has addressed the following ukase to the Directing
Senate :-
Having judged it advisable, on examining the memorial of the Minister of
Finance in the Council of the Empire, to make changes in the tariff, especially
the facilitating of commerce, to send to the senate the list of articles in question
appended to the tariff, and confirmed by us, that the same shall be carried into
effect. (Signed) NICHOLAs.
Petersburgh, Dec. 14, 1842.
Among the list of the articles of the tariff, the import duty on which is changed,
are woollen cloths and shawls; English, French, and German cotton, silk, woollen,
and mixed manufactured goods; and all articles worked and embroidered with
coloured patterns, in the manner of the Turkish and Cashmere goods; likewise
all those which have merely worked and embroidered borders woven or sewed to
them; and all new manufactures of this kind; the duty on which will be 9 rubles
45 copecs silver.
TRADE WITH CHINA.
St. Petersburg, Oct. 22, 1844. '
At the fair of Nishni Novogorod, there were 39,000 chests of tea and 60,000th
of copper. The supply of cotton goods was much the same as that of last fair.
There was very little Persian silk, and what there was is said to have been pur-
chased for England. Tea was bought very rapidly, though at reduced prices. On
the whole trade was brisk. A great deal of woollen cloth was sent to China.
—Cor.


Part X.] EUROPE.-RUSSIA. 313
MONEYS.
The bank paper rouble of 100 copecs, which is the ordinary integer of com-
putation, is worth about lf. 10c. French, or 11d. English; the silver rouble of
360 copecs being worth nearly 3s. 3d.
ABSTRACT of THE IMPERIAL UKASE (MANIFEST) of 1st JULY, 1839.
1. The silver rouble of the present coinage and its parts is from henceforward
the principal, unchangeable, and legal measure or standard (monetary unit) of the
currency, and consequently all taxes, dues, and contributions, and all payments
and salaries, are in due time to be cast into silver.
2. The bank-notes remain as a sign of value which is fixed at 3 roubles 50
copecs bank-notes per silver rouble, whether in roubles or in the smaller parts.
3. At this rate it is at the option of the contributors to pay in silver coin or
bank-notes: A.—All government taxes and dues, and all contributions levied
under or payable to government. B.--All payments by particularised scales, as
postage, post-horses, salt, brandy, farms, stamps, passports, &c.—C. Payments
to the commission for extinguishing the debts of the empire, banks, &c.
4 In the same manner all salaries and appointments, payments from the banks,
dividends, &c., stated in bank-notes, depending on the amount of either medium
in the respective offices at the time.
5. All the said payments and disbursements are to be made at the above rate
from the publication of this manifest, but the rate fixed for the current year, of
3 roubles 60 copecs, remains in force till 1840, as respeets the payments in section
3—thus : 3 A and B, and all salaries and appointments. On the same principle,
on account of the inconvenience to trade of all changes in the middle of the year,
this rate is retained for the custom-house.
6. All accounts and agreements between the government and individuals, as
well as between individuals, are henceforth to be only in silver: from the 1st of
January next, no broker, notary, or other functionary, is to make out or certify
any contract in bank-notes; but, with respect to actual payments on existing
engagements, whether in bank-notes or silver, section 2 takes immediate effect.
7. Relates to advances on estates.
8. The principal and district treasuries, to the extent of their means, are to
exchange silver for bank-notes, and bank-notes for silver, to all applicants to the
extent of 100 roubles each.
9. Prohibits all agios in silver and bank-notes. Exchanges are to be fixen in
silver, and prices current made out in the same. No exchanges or prices in bank-
notes to be quoted.
10. Gold coin is received and paid by the credit establishments (i. e. the Com-
mission for extinguishing the debts of the empire, banks, &c.) at an advance of
3 per cent. on its original value, C.; viz. the Imperial at 10 roubles, 30 copecs,
and the half imperial at 5 roubles, 15 copecs.
11. The treasuries and credit establishments are not to receive all Russian coin,
old and new, unless clipped, punched, or filed.
12. Copper coin now in circulation to be received at 3% copecs per silver copec,
with some modifications.
St. Petersburg, July 12, 1841.
Sir, By a manifest dated July 1, 1841, his Imperial Majesty orders the issue
of notes of 50 roubles of silver, of a new form, to the amount of 30 millions of
silver roubles, to be advanced against securities of immoveable property; half the
interest to be paid by the banks of Moscow, and the other half by those of
St. Petersburg.
These notes to be placed on the same footing as the notes now in circulation, and
to be convertible into the precious metals on demand.
For every issue of such notes, to any amount, the banks are obliged to deposit
coin to the value of not less than one-sixth of the amount of notes so issued.
An ukase has just been published, ordering an addition, to be made to stamped
paper required for petitions, billets of residence, &c. Bills are not specified, it is


314 EUROPE. —Russia. [1845.
to be presumed they will remain as before. This ukase to take effect from Jan. 1,
1842.2—I have the honour to be, Sir, your most obedient servant,
Thomas Cope, Esq., CHARLEs MobertLY.
Secretafy, Russia Company.
GOLD.
St. Petersburg, July 20, 1844.
The produce of the Oural mountains for the present year is estimated at about
4,000,000l. sterling.
WEIGHTS AND MEASURES.
The pood contains 43 Russian pounds, and is equal to 36 th 1 oz. 11 dr.
avoirdupois.
The tehetwert is equal to nearly 6 bushels English (5'952,) or three-fourths of a
quarter; so that 100tchetwerts make nearly 75 quarters.
Lineal Measure.
The verst.... contains 500 sagenes . . . . 7 feet English=l sagene.
The sagene ... do. 3 archenes.
The archene ... do. 16 verchokes.... =28 English inches.
The verchoke is . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . = 14 do.
To reduce the Russian archene into English inches, multiply by 7, and divide
by 9.
Eacample.
9 : 7 : : 36 inches, an English yard.
7
9)252(28 inches, a Russian archene.
l
.72
72
Liquid Measure.
The vedro, which was definitely determined at 750 cubical English inches for its
contents, is the standard liquid measure; it contains about 30 Russian pounds of
river water; 13 English wine gallons contain about 4 vedros; 152 beer gallons
contain 57 vedros.
Dry Measure.
1 bag of rye-flour weighs 9 pounds, or 360 Russian poods.
1 bag of wheat flour weighs 5 pounds, or 200 Russian poods.
60 Russian tschwerics contain about 14 English Winchester bushels.
Superficial Measure.
The desateen is in length 80 sagenes, and in breadth 30 sagenes, making 2,400
square sagenes, or 117,000 square feet.
Weights.
For weighing precious stones, gold or silver, the troy weight is used.
The heavy goods, such as iron, hemp, tallow, &c., they weigh by the bercowitz,
a nominal weight containing 10 one-pound weights.
Berc. Poud. Funt. Zot.
1 Ton (20 cwt.) makes Russian weight 6 2 8 85 l-3rd
1 Cwt. (112 b) * > 3 4 42 1-3rd
1 Stone (14 b) 22 0 0 15 53 l-3rd
1 Pound §: oz.) y: 0 () l 10 2-3rd . . . .
1 Ounce (16 dr.) * > 0 0 0 62-3rd
1 Drachm > * 0 0 0 0.5-12th


PART X.] EUROPE.—RUSSIA. 315
At the same rate cwt. ft) OZ. dr.
1 Bercowitz make English (avoirs) 3 25 11 14 1-3rd
1 Poud 9 x 0 36 l 13 1-4th’s
1 Funt 9 x 0 0 14 7 1-8th
l Zototnic 9 x 0 0 0 2 1-2nd
BENJAMIN HYNAN, St. Petersburg, July 12, 1838, O.S.
* Though in all mercantile concerns they calculate that 36 lb avoirdupois make one poud.
SWEDEN.
Principal Ports.—Ahuys, Christianstadt, Calmar, Carlsham, Carlscrona,
Cimbrishamn, Engelholm, Falkenburg, Foreko, Gottenburg, Gefle, Gothland
(Isle), Halmstadt, Hernosand, Hudickswald, Helsinborg, Hammerfest,
Laholm, Landscrona, Marstrand, Malmo, Norkoping, Nyland, Pataholm.
Pilea or Pithea, Skonwick, Stockholm, Stromstadt, Soderham, Sundswall,
Tornea, Uddevalla, Umca, Upsal, Warberg, Westerwick, Wisby, Ystadt.
CONSULS, &c., FOR SWEDEN AND NORWAY.
CoNSUL GENERAL.
CHARLES TOTTIE, Esq.
Consulate Office, 2, Crosby Square.
WICE-Consul.
WILLIAM TOTTIE, Esq.
Consulate Office, 2, Crosby Square.
VIcE-CoNsuls.
Aberdeen—Arthur Thomson, Esq.
Banff—Garden Grant, Esq.
Belfast—P. L. Munster, Esq.
Berwick—William Ainslie, Esq.
Bideford & Appledon—J. Chappell, Esq.
Birmingham–George Collis, Esq.
Boston—John Bontoft, Esq.
Bridport—J. B. Good, Esq.
Brighton & Shoreham, J. Brown, Esq.
Bristol—C. P. B. Howell, Esq.
Burlington Quay—T. Lamplough, Esq.
Chichester—James Biffin, Esq.
Colchester—Thomas Taspill, Esq.
Cork—Reuben Deaves, Esq.
Cowes, Isle of Wight—W. S. Day, Esq.
Dartmouth—R. L. Hingston, Esq.
Deal—Edward Iggulden, Esq.
Douglas, Isle of Man—T. Stephens, Esq.
Dover—Henry Morris, Esq.
Drogheda—Thomas Carty, Esq.
Dublin–H. T. Walsh, Esq.
Dundee—Wm. Lamb, Esq.
Eastbourne–R. B. Stone, Esq.
Falmouth—R. B. Fox, Esq.
Fowey—John Carkeet, Esq.
Galway—James Copland, Esq.
Glasgow–William Brooks, Esq.
Gloucester—A. H. Jenkins, Esq.
Grangemouth—James Brooks, Esq.
Guernsey & Alderney—A Carey, Esq.
Gweek—William Mayn, Esq.
Harwich—John Sansum, Esq.
Hastings—S. Bevil, Esq.
Hull—J. Clay, Esq.
Jersey—J. Deslandes, Esq.
Ilfracombe—Nathaniel Vie, Esq.
Ipswich—William Lane, Esq.
St. Ives–D. Bamfield, Esq.
Kirkwall—Robert Searth, Esq.
Leith—Thomas Hutchinson, Esq.
Lerwick—A, Sutherland, Esq.
Limerick—W. White, Esq.
Liverpool–G. A. Lilly, Esq.
Llanelly—Richard Dunkin, Esq.
Londonderry–Charles Stewart, Esq.
Lynn Regis—P. Randulph, Esq.
Margate—William Cobb, Esq.
Milford—W. W. Herries, Esq.
Montrose–Robert Millar, Esq.
Newport—C. Stonehouse, Esq.
Newry–George Guy, Esq.
Padstow—John Tredwin, Esq.
Penzance—R. Pearce, Esq.
Peterhead—Keith Forbes. Esq.
Plymouth—Nils Fogelström, Esq.
Poole–E. Patzker, Esq.
Portsmouth–L. A. Wanden Bugh, Esq.
Ramsgate—G. Hammond, Esq.
Rye—Edward Chatterson, Esq.
Scilly Isles—-W. J. Johns, Esq.


316 EUROPE. —SwedEN. [1845.
Seaham–E. Webb, Esq. Topsham—John Follett, Esq-
Sheffield—C. W. Bengley, Esq. Waterford–A. R. Pope, Esq.
Sheerness—W. W. Bentham, Esq. Westport – W. H. Parker, Esq.
Sligo–P. O'Connor, Esq: Weymouth—George Arden, Esq.
Southampton—Charles Baker, Esq. Wexford—
Stockton—G. W. Todd, Esq. Wick—James Waters, Esq.
Sunderland–L. T. Wang, Esq. Wisbeach—John Maclean, Esq.
Swansea—David Saunders, Esq. Whitby—T. Marwood, Esq.
Truro–E. Sharp, Esq. [Esq. Parmouth—Isaac Preston, Esq.
Thurso & Caithness—Hugh Davidson,
LIGHT OF MORUSS TANGE, CATTEGAT.
Hydrographic-office, Admiralty, Dec. 15, 1843.
On the 1st of November a fixed light was established on the point called
Moruss Tange, near Falkenburgh, on the Swedish shore of the Cattegat. It is
elevated 95 feet above the level of the sea, and is visible at a distance of about 15
miles.
IHONFLEUR IHARBOUR LIGHT.
A fixed red light is to be shown this day on the head of the new eastern pier of
Honfleur, and the old light, about 600 yards south-east thereof, will be discon-
tinued. The new light is 36 feet above the level of the sea, and is visible about
eight miles.
ALTERATIONS IN LIGHTHOUSES.
The Swedish and Norwegian Consulate General,
2, Crosby-square, March 11, 1844.
Sir, I have the honour to communicate to you, for the information of mariners,
the following translation of an ordinance issued by the Royal Navy Board at
Stockholm on the 14th of January last :-
“1st. The lighthouse on the southern point of the island of Olana will be
partly pulled down during the present year, and afterwards rebuilt to its former
height, having a lentile apparatus of the second class ‘à feu fixe.” The rebuilding
of the tower will be commenced on the 1st of May, and continued during the
summer, and should the work be so far advanced, the new light will be exhibited
during the present, or, in any event, during the ensuing year.
“2nd. During the period fixed upon for altering the construction of the light-
house on the southern point of Olana, the Grönskar's lighthouse, situated at the
Savelhavn entrance to Stockholm, will likewise be rebuilt, and the present coal
light will be replaced by a lentille light of the 3rd elass “a feu fixá.’
3rd. During the period occupied in the re-construction and making the altera-
tions of these lighthouses, the illumination will take place by means of a large
lantern being hung out; but should the alteration in the light on the southern
point of Olana not be completed within this year, a provisional open coal light will
be exhibited from the top of the tower during the winter months, from the 1st of
November, 1844, to the 1st of April, 1845.
4th. The Royal Naval Board will, by further proclamation, make known the
precise time for exhibiting the new light.”
I have the honour to remain, Sir, your most obedient servant,
W. Dobson, Esq., Lloyd's. CHARLES TOTTIE,
LIGHTS ON FALSTERBO.
Swedish and Norwegian Consulate-General, London, Sep. 10, 1844.
Sir, I have the honour to communicate to you the following translation of an
ordinance issued by the Royal Naval Board at Stockholm, on the 18th of August
last :—
“The Royal Navy Board hereby makes known, for the information of
mariners, that in conformity with an ordinance of the 7th of July of last year, a
light-ship will be placed off the Falsterbo-reef, at the end of this or the beginning
of next month. The vessel has two masts, with the sides painted red, with two


PART X.] EUROPE.-SwedEN. 317
large white letters, ‘F. S.,’ on each side, and carries a red flag on the foremast.
During the night the vessel will show two lights, so placed that one cannot easily
exclude the other from sight, but they will appear side by side when seen from
either side of the light-vessel, or, when seen fore and aft, the one light will be close
above the other, the highest on the foretop. These lights will burn from the
middle of September to the 1st of December at such hours as are fixed by the
regulations for the other lights of the kingdom, and after the last-mentioned date
the vessel will be removed. The light-vessel will be moored in six fathoms and a
half water, a full minute from the extreme point of Falsterbo-point (see Admiral
Klint's chart), having Falsterbo lighthouse N.E. on the compasses, and “Steven-
kluits' light on ‘Sjalland’ appearing W.N.W. half W. on the compass. There
will be a large bell on board, which will be tolled during misty and hazy weather
to give warning to mariners.”
These lights appear about 50 feet above the level of the sea, and ought therefore
to be visible in clear weather at a distance of two German miles or more. Com-
manders of vessels wishing to take pilots through the Flint Channel to, or passing
Malmo, or to Drogden, and the places whence Danish pilots take charge of vessels,
are informed that there are five pilots stationed on board ready to attend day and
night when signal is given for the purpose. The light-vessel is moored in such a
way that the largest ship can sail round her without risk in order to obtain a pilot.
If the pilot signal is flying at the top, pilots are always to be had, but the signal
will be hauled down when they are all employed.
Should there be no other orders, and no ice prevent, it is intended to replace
the vessel on the 15th of March next on the same spot.
W. Dobson, Esq., Secretary, Lloyd's. CHARLES TOTTIE.
OPENING OF THE PORT OF SLITO, GOTHLAND.
Nov. 15, 1844.
A communication received at Lloyd's states, that, through the exertions of
Lloyd's agents, the Swedish government has been induced to make Slito, on the
east coast of the island of Gothland, so far a free port, that ships of all flags
running in there from contrary winds, or in order to repair, or for taking in pro-
visions, have to pay no other port charges than a moderate remuneration to the
pilot, and such not to exceed the rate at which Swedish ships are charged.
Repairs can be effected at Slito on very moderate terms, the supply of excellent
oak timber and planks being abundant, and at uncommonly low rates. The depth
of water admits ships of any tonnage close to the quays, and the ingress and the
egress are extremely easy.
C tion of C ce and Navigation bet His Majesty and the King of
Sweden and Norway, together with an additional Article thereunto annered,
signed at London, March 18, 1826.
Duration of Treaty.—The present convention shall be in force for the term of ten years from
the date hereof; and further until the end of twelve months after either of the high contracting
º shall have given notice to the other of its intention to terminate the same: each of the
igh contracting parties reserving to itself the right of giving such notice to the other, at the end
of the said term of ten years ; and it is hereby agreed between them, that at the expiration of
twelve months after such motice shall have been received by either party from the other, this con-
vention and all the provisions thereof, shall altogether cease and determine.
Ratification.—The present convention shall be ratified, and the ratifications shall be exchanged
at London within six weeks from the date hereof, or sooner if possible,
In witness whereof the respective plenipotentiaries have signed the same, and have affixed
thereto the seals of their arms.
Dome at London, the 18th day of March, in the year of our Lord 1826.
GEORGE CANNING.
WILLIAM Huskisson.
... [This convention was given at large for several years in the Journal—as, however, the essen-
tial parts touching imports and exports are embodied in the subsequent order, it has now been
removed to make room for new matter.—Ed.]
Additional Article..
Cargoes in East Indies.-As it may sometimes happen that a Swedish or Norwegian vessel
trading to the possessions held by the British East India Company in the East Indies, under the
8th article of th. convention of this date, may find it expedient to dispose of the whole or part
of her cargo, on her homeward-bound voyage, in other ports than those of Sweden and Norway,


3.18 EUROPE.-SwedEN. [1845.
it is hereby agreed that any such vessel may proceed, with such cargo, to any foreign place or
port whatsoever, not being within the limits of the East India Company’s charter, and excepting
the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, and its dependencies.
The present additional article shall have the same force and validity as if it were inserted
word for word in the convention signed this day. It shall be ratified, and the ratifications shall
be exchanged at the same time.
In witness whereof the respective plenipotentiaries have signed the same, and have affixed
thereto the seals of their arms.
Done at London, the 18th day of March, in the year of our Lord 1826.
GEoRGE CANNING.
WILLIAM HUSKIsson.
A convention having recently been entered into by His Britannic Majesty with the King of
Sweden, by which the ships of Sweden, and the cargoes in ported or exported in them, are to
he treated in all respects as British ships and cargoes, by Treasury Letter, dated May 31, 1824,
their Lordships desire that from and after June 1, 1824, Swedish vessels and their cargoes im-
ported or exported on board the same, shall be charged with such and the like duties only, of
whatever kind they may be, that are charged on British vessels, and on similar cargoes laden on
board the same, and that the same bounties, drawbacks, and allowances, shall be paid on articles
exported in Swedish vessels, that are paid, granted, or allowed on similar articles exported in
British vessels,
I3 RITISH POSSESSIONS ABBOAD.
As to Imports in Swedish Ships, see p. 39.
COAL. See p. 188.
TARIFF.
A TABLE of the Duties payable upon the principal articles, the growth, produce,
or manufacture of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, upon
importation into the kingdoms of Sweden and Norway.—[Compiled from Official
Documents eayressly for “Pope's Pearly Journal of Trade.”]
In the following Tariff, it will be found that the official value is generally greater
than the real value, frequently double the amount; also that the rated duties are
unequally levied, ordinary and coarse goods paying in consequence a much higher
per centage than the finer sorts.
Besides the duties here given, there are the following, viz.:-Imports—
Convoy Duty, at the rate of 1 per cent upon the Duties of Customs. Town Dues
are a per centage upon the official value stated in the Tariff; those for Stockholm
being 2% per cent. Tonnage Dues are a charge of #d. sterling the English ton.
Official Import
Value. Duty.
&. d. s. d.
Arms, of all sorts - - 33% per cent.
Books in foreign languages, and Charts,
Music or Notes, and Drawing Books Free.
Buttons of materials not specified, lb. . 4 7 1 3
Coals, barrel - - - 1 8 0 1
Cochineal, lb. - - ... 10 0 0 6.67
Cotton, woven goods, white: cambric, bleached
and glazed, and others of the like sort of
cotton goods 1; wide, and in fineness above
76 threads to the inch of warp, lb. 6 8 1 8
Cutlery, files, lb. - 2 1 0 2.5
razors, each - - . 2 2.67 0 6.67
penknives, each - - 1 1,34 0 3.33
— ditto, other sorts, forks, scissors and steel
ware not otherwise specified . - 33% per cent.
Detonating Caps - - 33% per cent.
Dye-wood, unrasped, of all sorts . - 1 per cent.
Iron, pig and ballast prohibited
Iron, cast : pots, kettles, hearths under 1%
inch thick, stoves, weights, stancheons for
grates, rails for machinery, and parts thereof,
sluice gates, &c., skeppund - 40 0 10 0
— hearths, above 13 inch thick, skeppund 15 0 7 0


PART X.] EUROPE. —Swed EN.
319
Official Import
Value. Duty.
TARIFF-continued. S. d. S. d.
— other, not specified - - 25 per cent.
— corduroy and cordet, to 1 ell wide, lb. 5 1 1
— dimity, lb. - 5 7 1 4.5
— plush, lb. . - - 1 11.5 0 3.5
— gauze, lawn, muslin, and moll, lb. 8 4 1 8
— fillars, lb. . - 2 2.66 0 6.66
— velvet and velveteen, lb. I 11 0 3.33
--- ditto, satin and jean, lb. - 8 4 2 1
— quilting or piqué and hosiery, lb. 10 0 I 8
— ditto net, lb. - - 16 8 • 2 6
all plain woven cottons, and others not
specified. Prohibited.
—dyed : corduroy, cordet, dimity, plush,
gauze, lawn, muslim, and cambrics, velvet,
velveteen (Manchester), satin, jean, quilting
or piqué, hosiery, and net, pay the same
duty, and are reckoned at the same official
value as for each sort of white.
— the sorts above enumerated, dyed, and
generally all goods in fineness above 80
threads to the inch of warp, lb. . 8 11 1 9.5
— shawls and handkerchiefs, coloured yarn,
figured, larger or smallerandprinted, of 14 ell
square and upwards, exclusive of fringes, lb. 7 3 1 9.5
with a mixture of flax ; diaper and
damask, lb. - - 6 8 | 3
Iron, forged, hammered, or rolled :-
anchors and anchor hooks, skeppund 83 4 l() {)
grappling irons, grapnels, armbolts,
hammers, rudder-irons, ship-knees, and
anvils, larger or smaller, skeppund . I {}{} {} 25 ()
bar iron, flat, $ inch thick and upwards,
under 12 inches broad. longer or shorter
square, above # inch longer or shorter,
skeppund - - - 5() () 5 ()
ditto, hoop and flat-iron, under § inch
thick, bolt and grate iron, rod and square
iron of § inch and under, shear and nail
iron, salt-pan, plates # inch thick and up-
wards, 12 inches broad and upwards, skep-
pund - - - 85 () 8 4
Iron plates, not tinned, under § inch thick,
and under 6 lispunds each, prohibited ; ex-
ceeding 6 lispunds each, skeppund (;() () 15 ()
——- ditto tinned, skeppund - 166 8 8 4
chain cables, ditto - - 83 4 20 l ()
all other - - Prohibited.
Japanned ware, of wood, 25 per cent. ; other
sorts 33% per cent.
Metals, composition —
— Bronze, unwrought, skeppund 333 4 55 7
—— ditto, wrought, lb. - 6 8 | 8
Brass, unwrought, latten and wire in-
cluded, skeppund . - 278 2.67 55 7
— ditto, wrought tinsel case, lb. 2 I 0 5
— ditto, nails, lb. - 1 3 0 5
ditto, other sorts cast and hammered
or pressed, lb. . - - 1 8 0 6.67


320 EUROPE.—SwedEN. [1845.
Official Import
Value. Duty.
TARIFF-continued. s. d. s. d.
Brass—old used, skeppund - 166 8 27 9.34
pinchbeck, tombac, and others not spe-
cified, unwrought, skeppund . 333 55 7
ground and prepared, lb. - () 10 0 2.40
Needles, sewing and embroidery, 1000 pieces 5 6.67 0 6.67
for knitting, lb. - 10 5 1 8
other sorts, not specified, 1000 pieces, 6 8 1 I
Pins, common brass, 1000 pieces 6 8 1 8
Porcelain, imitation stone and fayance, not
painted, dishes and plates, lb. . 0 2.5 0 0.83
— other pieces, lb. - 0 7 0 2.5
— painted or printed - Prohibited.
genuine, white, or of one colour, lb. 0 1() 0 3.33
— gilt or painted, lb. - - 2 2.67 0 5
Ribbons and tape, velvet and half silk, lb. 25 0 4 2
cotton, woollen, or linen, lb. 6 8 I 8
— other sorts, lb. . - 50 0 8 4
Steel, cast, 100 lb. - - 55 6.67 3 4
shear, 100 lb. - - 25 0 8 4
Stockings, silk, lb. - - 55 6.67 8 4
— cotton, lb. . - 11 || 3 8
worsted, lb. - - 6 8 1 5
other kinds . - 10 5 2 4
socks pay and are rated at one half.
Thread, cotton, white or coloured, in clews, ib 4 5.34 1 1.34
ditto in hanks, Ib 3 4 0 10
linen, unbleached, lb. 2 9.34 () 10
ditto, bleached, white, lb. 5 6.67 I 8
ditto, coloured, lb. 3 4 I 1.34
Tin, unwrought, lispund - . 14 0 0 9
wrought, not lackered or painted, lb. 1 3 0. 5
— lackered, &c. lb. - - 1 8 0 7
Umbrellas - - 33% per cent.
Wool, uncombed, lb. - - 0 8 0 0.83
combed, and free from Town dues, lb. } 8 0 3.5
Woollen, woven goods of carded or uncardcd
wool alone:—
calmuc, frieze, and duffil, lb. 4 2 1 1
— blankets, lb. - - 3 4 0 10
of carded wool in the weft, and combed
wool in the warp :
casimere, white, yellow, and red, ell 10 0 2 6
— bunting and quinet, lb. - . 8 4 I 8
— other kinds - - Prohibited.
half woollen, of wool and cotton, or
flax, of all kinds, except flannels, which are
prohibited, lb. - - . 4 2 0 10
Yarn, cotton; white or twist, under No. 26,
according to the English reckoning, lb. 1 1.24 40 to 50 per cent.
No. 26 and upwards, lb. - 1 8 20 to 40 ditto.
— dyed Turkey red, lb - 4 5.34 50 to 100 ditto.
all others, lb. - - 3 4 45 to 200 ditto.
woollen, combed, or worsted, not dyed,
twined, or doubled, lb - . 2 1 25 to 250 ditto.
carded, not twined or doubled, for
weaver's use - - Prohibited.
— ditto, dyed, twined, and doubled, em-
broidery yarn, lb. - 4 2 O 6.67


322 EUROPE.-Norway. [1845,
NOTICE RELATING TO THE LIGHTS ON UDSIRE.
[Copy of Translation.]
In connexion with the notice issued by the department on the 17th of May last, it is hereby
made known that the two new lights erected on . Island of Udsire will be lighted on the even-
ing of the 15th of August next.
These two lights, which are to be fixed, and to be seen from every side, are situate 330 ells
(680 English feet) from each other, 6.8° east of south, and 68° west of north, by the compass.
The lights will burn the year round, and will be lighted from Easter to Michaelmas an hour
after sunset, and from Michaelmas to Easter half an hour after sunset, and continue burning
till sunrise.
The elevation of the lights above the level of the sea is 218 Norwegian feet, equal to about 264
English. In order that they may serve as a beacon during day, the towers on the lighthouses
are painted of a light red colour.
The latitude of the most easternmost light is 59° 18'18" north, and longitude 4° 53° 36' east of
Greenwich.
The westernmost light is 59° 18' 20" north latitude, and long. 4° 53' 24" east of Greenwich.
mº lights, it is supposed, will be seen in common weather at a distance of from 18 to 20
es.
The Norwegian Royal Department,
Christiania, July 15, 1844. LIBERN.
LIGHTS ON THE COAST.
Hydrographic Office, Norway, Sept. 3, 1844.
In pursuance of the intentions expressed in the notice of this office, dated the
18th of June last, the following lights were to be established by the Norwegian
Government on the 1st of this month : —
1. A fixed light on Great Toningen Island, in latitude 58° 23' 15" north, and
longitude 8° 52' 30" east.
2. A fixed light on Little Toningen Island, bearing from the light on Great
Tonningen Island N. 4° E. true (or by compass N.N.E.), distant 1,237 yards.
Both of the above lights are visible in all directions, and, being 130 feet above
the level of the sea, may be seen at the distance of six to seven leagues.
3. A fixed light on Sandy Point, at the entrance of Arendahl, 42 feet above the
level of the sea, visible from three to four leagues on any bearing westward of
south, and E.N.E. by compass, unless concealed by adjacent land. The light-
house stands in lat. 58° 25' 30" N., and long. 8° 52' 10" E.
The buildings of the above three lights are white.
NOTICE OF THE ERECTION OF A MARK OR BEACON ON
BOUDEN ROCK, IN THE CHANNEL, OR IN SAILING TO
TROMSOE SOUND.
The Royal Norwegian Marine Department,
Christiania, Sept. 13, 1844
On the Bouden Rock, by the easternmost channel, or in sailing into Tromsoe
Sound, has been erected a mark or beacon, which, seen from sea, has the appear-
ance of a shortened cone. It is painted yellow, is 14 feet high, by 8 feet in dia-
meter, and is 30 feet above the level of the sea, lat. 58° 30' 40", long. 9°4'40ſ
E. of Greenwich, and may be clearly seen from a distance of from six to eight
miles English.
PETERSEN.
As to Convention of Commerce and Navigation between His Majesty and the
King of Sweden and Norway, see Sweden, p. 317,
RECIPROCITY.
By Order in Council dated June 23, 1821, Norwegian vessels entering the ports of the United:
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, in ballast or laden, or departing from the ports of the
said United Kingdom, together with the cargoes on board the same, such cargoes consisting of
articles which may be legally imported or exported, shall not be subject to any other or higher
duties or charges whatever than are or shall be levied on British vessels entering or departing
from such ports, or on similar articles, when imported into, or exported from such ports in
British vessels; and also such articles, when exported from the said ports in Norwegian vessels,
shall be entitled to the same bounties, drawbacks, and allowances, that are granted on similar
articles when exported in British vessels, :
By Order in Council, dated February 19, 1825, the foregoing order is to take effect from June
1, 1824.


PART X.] EUROPE.—PRUssíA. 323
BRITISH POSSESSIONS ABROAD.
As to Imports in Swedish and Norwegian vessels. See p. 41.
COAL. See p. 188.
MONEYS, WEIGHTS, AND MEASURES.
130 Skillings — 1 Specie-Dollar.
This specie-dollar in coin is equal to 2 Danish Rigsbank dollars, or those
Hamburgh marks banco, or about 52.Éd. sterling.
The Norwegian weights and measures are the same as those of Denmark.—
Tate's Modern Cambisł.
PRUSSIA.
ENvoy Extraordin ARY AND MINISTER PLENIPOTENTIARY,
CHEVALIER BUNSEN.
4, Carlton House Terrace.
SECRETARY OF LEGATION.—BARON CANITZ.
FIRST CLERK–T. ROUX.
SEcond CLERK—..... - e - -
CHAPLAIN to the Legation—REV. D.R. SCHWABE.
St. George's Chapel, Little Alie Street.
CoNSUL GENERAL For GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAN p,
CHEVALIER B. HEBELER, K.C.R.E.,
15, York Place, Baker Street.
Consulate Office, 106, Fenchurch Street.
CoNsuis.
Liverpool–Otto Burchardt, Esq.
Edinburgh—J. Gibsone Thomson, Esq.
VICE-CONSULs.
Aberdeen—Arthur Thomson, Esq. Falmouth—G. C. Fox, Esq.
Belfast—Gustavus Heyn, Esq. Faversham—W. W. Bentham, Esq.
Berwick—James Sinclair, Esq. Glasgow—R. Sanderson, Esq.
Birmingham—G. R. Collis, Esq. Gloucester—Wim. P. Price, Esq.
Brighton—J. Brown, Esq. Gosport—L. Nichols, Esq.
Bristol—H. Visger, Esq. Guernsey—John Le Marchant, Esq.
Cardiff & Chepstow:—C. H. Stone- Harwich—Samuel Billingsley, Esq.
house, Esq. Hull—H. S. Bright, Esq.
Cork—R. Deaves, Esq. Isle of Wight—W. S. Day, Esq.
Cowes—W. S. Day, Esq. Jersey—Philip de St. Croix.
Dartmouth—R. L. Hingston, Esq. Lerwick—A. Sutherland, Esq.
Deal—E. Iggulden, Esq. Limerick—F. Spaight, Esq.
Dover—H. Latham, Esq. Llanelly—Rt. Dunkin, Esq.
Drogheda—Thos. Carty, Esq. Londonderry—Chas. Stewart, Esq.
Dublin—John Walsh, Esq. Lynn–Wim. Garland, Esq.
Dundee—W. Thornton, Esq. Margate—Wm. Cobb, Jun., Esq.
Eveter—J. Luscombe, Esq. Montrose–R. Millar, Esq.
Y 2


PART X.] EUROPE.-PRussia. 325
BRITISH POSSESSIONS.
By O.C., May 3, 1826, His Majesty is pleased to declare that the ships of and belonging to
the dominions of His Majesty the King of Prussia are entitled to the privileges granted by the
law of navigation [page 1], and may import from such the dominions of His Majesty the King of
Prussia, into any of the British possessions abroad, goods, the produce of such dominions, and
º goods from such British possessions abroad, to be carried to any foreign country
‘Whatever,
PILOTAGE,
By Treasury letter, dated Qctober 13, 1824, it is stated, that with respect to pilotage and all
other duties charged on vessels belonging to Prussia, Sweden, and Norway, Denmark, Hanover
and Hamburgh, which have entered, or which may enter, the ports of the United Kingdom,
either from stress of weather, or from any other causes, it was the intention of the lords of the
committee of privy council for trade that such dues should not be higher than are charged upon
British vessels, and that it is only in the case of goods imported into this kingdom, and not
brought direct from the country to which the vessel belongs, that the equality of the duty does
not apply,
Convention of Commerce and Navigation between Great Britain on the one part,
and Prussia, Bavaria, Sawony, Woºterººrg, Baden, the Electorate of Hesse,
the Grand Duchy of Hesse, the States forming the Commercial Union of
Thuringia, Nassau, and F, an/ſori on the other pºrt,
Other States joining Union.—In the event of other German States joining the Germanic
Union of Customs, it is hereby agreed that such other States shall be included in all the
stipulations of the present convention.
Duration.—The present convention shall be in force until the 1st of Janaary, 1842, and
further for the term of six years, proxided neither of the high contracting parties shall have given
to the other six months’ previous riotice that the same shall cease to be in force on the said 1st
of January, 1842; and if neither party shall have given to the cther six months’ previous notice
that the present convention shall cease on the 1st of January, 1848, then the present convention
shall further remain in force until the 1st of January, 1854, and further, until the end of twelve
months after cither of the high contracting parties shall have given notice to the other of its
intention to terminate the same, each of the high contracting parties reserving to itself the right
of giving such notice to the other ; and it is hereby agreed between them, that at the expiration
of twelve months after such notice shall have been received by either party from the other, this
convention, and all the provisions thereof, shall altogether cease and deterraine.
The present convention shall be rººfed, and the ratifications thereof shall be exchanged at
London, at the expiration of two months, or sooner if possible,
In witness whereof, the respective plenipotentiaries have signed the same, and have affixed
thereto the seals of their arms,
Done at London, the second day of March, in the year of our Lord, 1841,
PALMr. RSTON.
H. LABouch EBE,
[This convention was given at large in the Journal for 1844. As, however, the essential parts
touching imports and exports are cnibodied in the subsequent orders, it has been removed to
make room for fresh matter, See new Treaty as to the Elbe, &c., under “Germany” in this Part.
—Ed.]
By O. C., August 23, 1841, Her Majesty doth order that Prussian vessels and the vessels of
the other States forming the German Union of Customs, together with their cargoes, consisting
of all such goods as can be legally imported into the United Kingdom and the British possessions
abroad, by the said vessels, from the ports of the countries to which they respectively belong,
shall, when coming from the mouths of the Meuse, of the Ems, of the Weser, and of the Elbe,
or from the mouths of any navigable river lying between the Elbe and the Meuse, and forming
the means of communication between the sea and the territory of any of the German States,
which are parties to this treaty, be admitted into the ports of the United Kingdom and of the
British possessions abroad, in as full and ample a manner, as if ports from which such vessels
may have come as aforesaid, and such yessels shall be permitted to import the goods above
mentioned upon the same terms on which the said goods might be imported if coming from the
national ports of such vessels; and also that in like manner such vessels proceeding from Great
Britain and her colonial possessions abroad, to the ports or places thus referred to, shall be
treated as if returning to a Prussian Baltic port, it being understood that these privileges are to
extend to the vessels of Prussia and of the States aforesaid, and to their cargoes only in respect
to each of the said ports in which British vessels and their cargoes shall, upon their arrival
thereat and departure therefrom, continue to be placed upon the same footing as the vessels of
Prussia and of the other States of the Union,
SHIPPING,
During the year 1843 the number of vessels which entered and sailed from the
various ports of the Prussian States was 14,000, and their united burdens 1,071,670
tons, there being 2,337 ships and 209,073 tons burden more than in 1842.
Among these ships, the foreign (Danish, English, and Dutch especially) amounted
in number to 6,896, and in burden to 432,730 tons.—Allgemeine Preussische.


PART X.] EUROPE.—PRUSSIA. 3
7
DUTIES.
ARTICLES.
Unities. English Money.
Wood, sawn, and all other worked timber from
the wood, named in (No. 1.) - The ship last. 0 4 0
— from the wood named in (No. 2.) . Ditto. 0 1 0
Leather, viz., Brussels and Danish glove lea-
ther, Cordovan, Morocco, and all coloured or
lackered leather, also Indian rubber thread
and manufactures of India rubber not joined
with other materials, also shoes and bottles of Centmer of
India rubber 110 lb. 1 4 0
Brandy of all sorts, arrack, rum, cognac, and
prepared spirits, and pressed tecs - - Ditto. 1 4 0
Tobacco, manufactured for smoking, in rolls or
cut, and tobacco dust Ditto. 1 13 0
cigars and snuff - Ditto. 2 5 ()
Sugar, raw-and unrefined - - - - IDitto. 1 4 0
raw sugar for home refining under special
stipulations and control . - - - Ditto. 0 15 0
N.B.-The duties on these sugars remain
fixed only to 1st September, 1844.
Oil, viz., cocoa nut, palm, and spermaceti oils, Centher of
to pay the general duty of . - - - 110, Ib. 0 4 0
N.B.-These oils were not specially rated in
the former Tariff.
Paper, viz., pasteboard for painters • - Ditto. 0 15 0
N.B.-This article was not specially rated
in the former Taariff.
Furs and Skins, viz., sheep skins dressed but
unlined, also Angora skins, dyed or plain,
dressed but unlined - - - - Ditto. () is ()
Silk and silk goods, viz.,-
—— not twisted - - - - - Ditto. 1 4 ()
— twisted, also thread of raw silk (sewing
silk), and button-hole silk, &c. - - Ditto. 1 13 ()
goods, hosiery, shawls, ribbons, blondes,
laces, petinets, gauze, threads, cords, silk but-
tons, met and knit silks, spun and striped silk
wares, with metal threads, silk or mounted
with iron, glass, wood, leather, brass or steel,
and gold and silver stuffs, silks manufactured
from waste silk (bourre), or floret silk Ditto. 16 10 0
‘i Coal, viz., by the Prussian frontier and by the
Elbe, also that which by special permission is
entered by the Weser, or the Werra - Ditto. 0 0 0:
Straw, reed, and bast wares, viz.,
—— mats and foot covers, of straw, reed, or
bast - - - - - Ditto. 0 0 6
ditto, ditto, dyed or coloured - - Ditto. 0 9 0
Woollen cloths and hosiery cloths, shawls, felted
goods, cords, buttonry, met and fancy wool-
lens, mixed with iron, glass, wood, leather,
bronze and steel, also with wild animals’ hair,
or wool with any materials except silk . Ditto. 4 10 0
Unmilled woollens and mixed wares of cotton
and wool if printed, embroidered, or worked,
&c. - - - - Ditto. 7 10 0
Zinc, raw . - - - - - Ditto. 0 6 ()
on the frontier of Tyrol - - Ditto. 0 3 0


328 EUROPE,-PRUSSIA. [1845
Statement of Charges provisionally contemplated in the Tariff of the German
Customs Union.
- | Amount of Amount of Total projected
Namc of Articles. existing Duties. proposed Increase. p!.
| |
Fine Leather Gloves . 22 D. cwt. 22 D. cwt. 44 D. cwt.
Quincaillerie . 50 D. cwt. 22 D. cwt. 100 D. cwt.
French Brandy . . . 8 D. cwt. | 8 D. cwt. 16 D. cwt.
Paper Hangings . . . . ] () D. cwt. 10 D. cwt. | 20 D. cwt.
AUGMIENTATION.
THE EARL of West MoR.E.AND to THE EAPI, of ABERDEEN.—(Received
November 15.)
Berlin, November 8, 1842.
My Lord, I have the honour to transmit, herewith, to your Lordship, copy, in
duplicate, of the tariff of the Gºrºan Customs Union for the years 1843, 1844,
and 1845, as published in the Prussian collection of laws, from which it will be
perceived that, with the exception of the anticipated increase of the import duties
on mixed woollen and cotton printed goods from 30 to 50 dollars per cwt., but
few changes in general, and those not likely, materially, to affect British manufac-
tures, have been introduced into the new tariff, as compared with that for the three
preceding years.
I likewise inclose the translation of a Cabinet Order, addressed by the King of
Prussia to the Minister of Finance (of which the original will be found in the
above-mentioned collection of laws), directing an augmentation of 50 per cent.,
from the 1st of January, 1843, and until further orders, on the rates of duties, as
fixed by the new tariff, on several articles of small ware, leather, gloves, cognac,
and paper hangings.
This measure, of which I announced the probable adoption to your Lordship, in
a former despatch, is intended as a retaliation upcn France, on account of her
having raised her tariff on linens, and having established discriminating duties re-
specting them, in favour of Belgium, by the convention of last July, but its appli-
cation will be general to the same manufactures of other countries.
I have, &c.
(Signed) WESTMoRLAND.
Ring of Prussia's Cabinet Order respecting the increased Duties on some
Articles of the Tariff for 1843–1845.
(Translation.)
Upon your report of the 9th of this month, and in conformity with the resolution
taken by the Governments of the Customs Union, I order that the following import
duties shall be levied on the articles mentioned below, from the 1st of January,
1843, provisionally, and until further orders, instead of the rates of duties pre-
scribed by the Customs Tariff for the years 1843, 1844, and 1845, which I have
this day sanctioned :—
1. On wares of gold and silver, of a mixture of fine metals, bronze (gilt), real
pearls, corals or stones, or mounted with gold and silver ; further wares out of the
aforesaid materials with alabaster, amber, ivory, mother-of-pearl, tortoiseshell, false
stones; perfumery in small glass bottles, or stone-bottles, &c., coming under the
denomination of fancy articles; table clocks, except those in wooden frames;
lustres with bronze, gold or silver leaf; fans; artificial flowers; ornamental feathers
(No. 20 of the Tariff), 100 rix dollars (175 florins) per cwt.
2. On leather gloves (No. 21 of the Tariff), 44 rix dollars (77 florins)
per cwt.
3. On cognac (No. 25 b. of the Tariff), 16 rix dollars (28 florins) per
cwt. ; and—
4. On paper hangings (No. 27 c. of the Tariff), 20 rix dollars (35 florins)
per cwt.


PART X.] EUROPE.—PRUSSIA. 329
You have to make this, my order, publicly known, in the collection of laws,
simultaneously with the above-mentioned Customs Tariff.
Berlin, October 18, 1842.
(Signed) FREDERIck WILLIAM.
BAR. IRON.
The German Zollverein has imposed a duty of 6l. per ton on imported bar iron
and iron rails, to take effect on the 1st Nov., 1843.-Cor.
ZOLLVEREIN.
Berlin, May 26, 1843.
The net produce of the Zollverein duties, which in 1841 had already risen to
19,782,893 thalers, became in 1842, 25,039,441 thalers, though the accession of
Brunswick and Luxemburgh was rather unfavourable, for immense supplies of
merchandise had been accumulated in those places.—Cor.
COAL–See p. 188.
MONEYS.
Principal Arrangements of the Convention concluded July 30, 1838, between aſ:
the Governments forming part of the Association of German Custom Houses
to adjust the bases of the monetary system to be adopted in their respective
states.
1st. There shall be as a basis for coining money in the mints of the contracting
states but one monetary marc, the weight of which is fixed at 233 grammes, 855
milliemmes.
2nd. The money of account in thalers (dollars), or in groschen, or in florins
and kreutzers, or in proportionate coin, shall be coined according to the following
standard :-
The marc of fine silver shall be represented by 14 thalers, the thaler being worth
1} florins, or by 24% florins, the florin being worth 3 of a thaler.
3rd. From the 1st of January, 1841, at latest, there shall be no other legal
standard than that of 14 thalers in the Prussian States, Saxe Royal, Electorate of
Hesse, Grand Duchy of Saxony, the Duchies of Saxe Altenburg, Saxe Coburg
and Gotha, the Seigniory of Schwartzburg Rudoldstadt, the Seigneurial States of
Schwartzburg Sonderhausen, the States of the elder branch and of the younger
branch of Reuss: and of 24, florins in the kingdoms of Bavaria and of Würtem-
burg, Grand Duchies of Baden and of Hesse, Duchy of Saxe Meiningen, Ducal
Principality of Saxe Coburg and Gotha, Duchy of Nassau, Principality of
Swartsburg, Rudoldstadt, and of the free town of Frankfort.
4th. A coin shall be struck common to all the contracting states, conformable
to the two standards above mentioned, under the name of money of the association,
of the value of , of the marc of fine silver : this money shall have a legal value of
2 thalers, or 34 florins throughout all the states of the association, the same as
other legal coin of these states.
From the 1st of January, 1839, to the 1st of January, 1842, there shall be
coined two million pieces of the money of the association at least, and each state
shall share in this coinage in proportion to the number of its population.
From the 1st of January, 1842, and every four years in succession, there shall
be coined two million pieces at least.
5th. The present treaty makes no alterations in the arrangements of the mone-
tary convention concluded at Munich the 25th of August, 1837, and of the special
convention annexed to it.
6th. It shall be put in force from the date of the ratifications being exchanged,
and shall continue to the end of 1858, if no convention to the contrary should be
entered into.
WEIGHTS.
I. The weights adopted as the basis of the Tariff are the hundred weight of the
Great Duchies of Baden and Hesse, and the toll cwt., which is divided into 100 lb.,
of which


330 EUROPE.-DENMARK. [1845.
WEIGHTS.– continued.
935 ſº- 1000 Prussian (Electoral Hesse) lb.
1120 = 1000 Bavarian lb.
2000 = 1000 Rheno-Bavarian kilogrammes.
935%. , = 1000 Würtemburg lb.
933f.” – 1000 Saxon (Dresden) lb.
The Toll—Pounds.
14 = 15 Prussian (Electoral Hesse) lb.
28 = 25 Bavarian lb.
2 = 1 Rheno-Bavarian kilogrammes.
15 Wurtemburg lb.
1 ſ == 15 Saxon (Dresden) lb,
The Toll—Cwt.
36 = 3.5 Prussian (Electoral Hesse) cwt. of 110 lb.
28 - = 25 Bavarian cwt. of 100 lb.
2 ::= 1 Rheno-Bavarian quintal of 50 kilogrammes.
36 - 37 Würtemburg cwt. of 104 lb.
36 == 3.5 Saxon (Dresden) cwt. of 110 lb.
Parl. Report by J. Bourring, L.L.D.
DEN MARK PROPER AND DUCHY OF HOLSTEIN.
Principal Ports.--Anhalt (island of) Aarhus, Aalborg, Abenrade, Assens,
Altona, Amrumoe, Bogense, Bornholm (Island of), Busum, Burg, Brusbuttel,
Blankenese, Bredstedt, Bonksiel or Bungsill, Copenhagen, Colden, Cul-
lundberg, Corsocr, Carden, Carlingziel, Dagebull, Elsineur, Eckenforde,
Elmeshorne, Emerlow, Frederickstadt, Faroe (Island of) Fladstrand, Fohr
or Fora (Island), Faaberg, Flensborg, Frederica, Funen (Island), Gluckstadt,
Garding, Husum, Horsens Holtenau, Holbeck, Horsbull, Hoyer, Hever,
Hedersloben, Horvacht Heide, Heiligenhaven, Itzehoe, Kiel, Kioge, Kiert-
munde, Langeland, Laland (Island of) Mariager, Moer, Mariboe, Mesunde
or Musunde, Meldorf, Nordstrand (Island of) Nastoed, Norderschleuse,
Nikioping, Nyborg, Naxkow, Neustadt, Odensee, Prastoe, Pellworm (Island),
Randers, Rinkioping, Rypen, Rudkoping, Ribe, Romoe (Island), Rendsburg,
Sanderhoe, Samsoe, Skielskior, Sondeborg, Soendborg, Schleswic, Sylt
(Island), Steege, Schlie, Sudwesthoorn, Tonningen, Tondern, Tottenbull-
spiecker, Udbychog, Wyborg, Weſelsſleth, Werdinborg, Wullersum, Wyck
Zealand (Island),
LIGHT SHIPS.
Elsinore, Feb. 25, 1834.
My Lord, –I have the honour to inform your Lordship that two notices have
been issued by the General Board of Customs and Trade at Copenhagen, dated
the 23d instant, to the effect—
1st. That in consequence of the light-ship at Dragoe being subjected to a
thorough repair, a common galliot will be placed upon that station until the 1st of
May, which will show her light from her foremast 25 feet above the water, and as
usual exhibit a red flag from her foretop during the daytime.
2d. That the light-ship at the “ Knaben,” near the Island of Anholt, in the
Cattegat, instead of the red flag hitherto shown, will be provided with a large ball
four feet in diameter, formed of twisted ron bars, and painted red, which will be
kept constantly hoisted at her foretop, at an elevation of 52 feet above the level of
the sea.
I have, &c.
The Earl of Aberdeen, K.T. &c.
HENRY GEoRGE RUPER.
LIGHT-SHIP AT DRAGOE.
Elsinore, April 9, 1844.
My Lord—I have the honour to inform your Lordship, that, according to a


PART X.] EUROPE.-DENMARK. 331
notice from the General Board of Trade and Customs at Copenhagen, dated the
16th inst., the Light-ship at Dragoe will, instead of the red flag hitherto shown, be
provided with a day-mark similiar to that which, as reported in my despatch (No.
5), is destined for the Light-ship on the “Knoben,”—viz., a large ball, four feet
and a half in diameter, formed of twisted iron bars, and painted red, which is to be
constantly hoisted at her foretop at an elevation of 56 feet above the level of the
Sea.
I have, &c.,
HENRY GEoRGE, RUPER.
The Right Hon. the Earl of Aberdeen, &c.
BEACONS ON THE ISLAND OF HESSELO.E.
General Board of Customs and Trade, July 12, 1844.
In the course of the month of August of this year, two beacons will be laid down
at the Lyse-ground, in the Cattegatt, N.E., on the Island of Hesseloe—viz., one
beacon with two brooms at the top, at the N.E. end of the aforesaid ground in 4;
fathoms water, and by bearings, Hesseloe Lighthouse, S.W. H. S., the Koll,
E.S.E. E.
One beacon, with one broom at the top, at the N.W. end of the ground, in 4;
fathoms water, and by bearings, Hesseloe Lighthouse S.W. by S., and the Koll,
E. by S.
The beacons will remain exposed throughout the year.
Royal Board of Trade, Copenhagen, June 18, 1844.
In the North Elbe, between the Vogelsand and the Gelbsand, the following buoys have been
placed for the benefit of navigation :-
1. A black buoy, No. 1, on the north-east side of the Vogelsand, in 3 fathoms water at low
tide, N.E. J. E. from the great lighthouse at Neuwerk, E.N.E. from the second light-vessel in
the Elbe, and W.S.W. from the beacon on Buchsand Polin.
2. A black buoy, No. 2. on the N.E. side of the Vogelsand, in about 3 fathoms at low water,
bearing N.E. by N. from the great lighthouse at Neuwerk, N.E.by E., from the second light-
vessel in the Elbe, and S.W. J. W. from the beacon on Buchsand Polin.
3. A white buoy, on the N.W. point of the Gelbsand, in about 3 fathoms at low water, bearing
N.N.E. from the great lighthouse at Neuwerk, N.E. from the second light-vessel in the Elbe,
ands.w.. by W. & W. from the beacon on Buchsand Polin. - - -
The two black buoys have a fiat top, with a white ring on the inside, and a white cross. On
the surface the number of the buoy and the word “Busum ” are cut, and the royal cypher is
branded. The white buoy has a red top, on which the mame “Busum ” is painted in white, and
the royal cypher is branded.
#. are generally removed on the 1st of December, and replaced by two black and one
white ice buoys. They are laid down again in the beginning of March.
ENLARGEMENT OF THE HARBOUR OF GRENAAL JUTLAND,
DENMARK.
June 18, 1844.
By a letter received at Lloyd's from Grenaal, it appears that the harbour of this
port, which hitherto has had only six feet water in it, and which, with certain sand
banks, has prevented large ships entering, will, by the consent of the Government,
be considerably improved by the formation of a commodious basin, which will
admit all vessels under a draught of ten feet, and give shelter to about 40 vessels.
LIGHTHOUSE ON THE ISLAND OF BANGOE.
General Board of Customs and Trade,
(Translation) 12th July, 1844.
The light on the Island of Bangoe, between Assens and Awesund, established for
the guidance of the packets crossing the Little Belt, which had hitherto lit up the
passage only south of that island, will within the present summer be raised 5 feet
higher in a lantern at the top of the lighthouse; the light will thereby become
visible from all sides, except in the direction of about N.E. by E., in which direc-
tion it would be concealed a short way by Bangoe town. During the progress of
the work connected with this contemplated change, which will prevent the original
light from being shown for a time, light will be afforded by a large lantern with
reflectors, which will be fixed at the same height, and which will light in the same
direction as the red lights.


332 EUROPE.—DENMARK. [1845.
LIGHT ON SbOTSE, FRG, ENTRANCE TO THE ISEFJORD.
General Board of Customs and Trade,
Elsinore, August 30, 1844.
The fishermen at Lycnas and in the neighbourhood shall be permitted, until
further notice, to keep a lamp burning on “potsbjerg, at the entrance to the
Iseſjord, from the 1st of September to the 1st of November. This light which will
be visible at sea in the direction from E.N.E. to W.S.W. at a distance of about
two leagues, will be shown, for the first time, on the 1st of September of this year,
and will be kept burning withii. the aforesaid time for the same length of time as
the others lights in the kingdoin.
AD. Ol'TIONAL CEACON BUC Y ON THE SCAW REEF.
General f}oard of Customs and Trade,
(Translation) 16th September, 1844.
In order to mark the reef which projects from the point of the Scaw, a beacon
buoy was some time back laid down at its N.E. extremity, which lies in 43 fathom
water, in the direction W. by S. of the lighthouse and the old church steeple, both
in one line, and was furnished with three brooms.
tn addition to the foregoing another beacon buoy has now been laid down at the
S.E. extremity of the reef, in four fathºms water, the lighthouse bearing W.N.W.,
and the old Skrager church steeple W. This beacon buoy is provided with only
two brooms, and will in the same manner as the first-mentioned buoy be out
during the winter, and should it be carried away by the ice it will be replaced by
another as scen as circumstances may permit.
L1(; ; ;T: ; : THE {}]. [...]”.
Adimiralty, Öct. 25, 1844.
The j}anish Government has published the ºwing notices:–
Great Belt.—A Fixed Light has been cstablished on the Westernmost Point of
Zealand, called Reefs Naes, at the Northern Entrance of the Great Belt. The
light stands on a tower, at the height of 70 feet above the level of the sea, and is
visible to the distance of three leagues, on all bearings excepting those between
W. # N. and N.N.W.
Sprogoe Island Light, revolves four times in a minute, and in future will appear
every night.
LITTLE BELT.
The Fixed Light on the Island of Baagøe has been elevated to the height of 38
feet above the level of the sea, and is now visible on all bearings, except that of
S.W. by W., where it is concealed in future by the town of Bagöe.
Convention of Commerce between £enmark and England. Signed at London,
the 16th ºf June, 1824.
Continuance.—The present convention shall be in force for the term of ten years from the
date hereof; and further, until the end of twelve months after either of the high contracting
parties shall have given notice to the other of its intention to terminate the same; each of the
high contracting parties reserving to itself the right of giving such notice to the other, at the end
of the said term of ten years: and it is hereby agreed between them, that, at the expiration of
twelve months after such notice shall have been received by either party from the other, this con-
vention, and all the provisions thereof, shall altogether cease and determine.
Ratification.—The present convention shall be ratified, and the ratification shall be exchanged
at London within one month from the date hereof, or sooner, if possible.
In witness whereof, the respective plenipotentiaries have signed the same, and have affixed
thereto the seals of their arms.
Dome at London, the 16th of June, 1824.
GEoRGE CANNING.
W. Huskisson.
C. E. MolTKE.
[This convention was given at large in the Journal for several years. As, however, the essen-
tial parts touching imports and exports are cmbodied in the subsequent orders, it is now removed
to make room for new matter-Ed.]


PART X.] EUROPE. —D ENMARK. 333
Separate Articles.
Extension.—The high contracting parties reserve to themselves to enter upon additional sti-
pulations for the purpose of facilitating and extending, even beyond what is comprehended in
the convention of this date, the commercial regulations of their respective subjects and domi-
nions, upon the principle either of reciprocal or equivalent advantages, as the case may be. And
in the event of any article or articles being concluded between the said high contracting parties
for giving effect to such stipulations, it is hereby agreed that the article or articles which may
hereafter be so concluded shall be considered as forming part of the aforesaid convention.
Additional Articles.
Personal Property. Their Brittannic and Danish Majesties mutually agree, that no higher
or other duties shall be levied in either of their dominions (their respective colonies being ex-
cepted from the convention of this date,) upon any personal property, upon their respective sub-
jects, on the removal of the same from the dominions of their said Majesties reciprocally, either
apon the inheritance of such property, or otherwise, than are or shall be payable in each state,
apon the like property, when removed by a subject of such state respectively.
DANISH VESSELS AND GOODS ON SAME FOOTING AS ENGLISH.
By O. C., June 30, 1824, it is ordered, that from July 1, 1824, Danish vessels entering the
ports of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, in ballast or laden, or departing from
the ports of the said United Kingdom, together with the cargoes on board the same, such cargoes
consisting of articles which may be legally imported or exported, shall not be subject to any other
or higher tonnage duties, or charges whatever, than are or shall be levied on British vessels
entering or departing from such ports, or on similar articles, when imported into or exported
from such ports in British vessels; and also that such articles, when exported from the said ports
in Danish vessels, shall be entitled to the same bounties, drawbacks, and allowances, that are
granted on similar articles when exported in British vessels.
BRITISH POSSESSIONS.
By O. C., April 1, 1835, it is declared that the Danish government hath fulfilled the before-
mentioned conditions, and that the Danish ships may import into any of the British possessions
abroad, from the country to which they belong, goods the produce of that country, and may
export goods from such possessions to be carried to any foreign country whatever.
TARIFF, AND SOUND TOLL.
See Journal, 1843.
PRIVILEGED PORTS.
The following places are privileged ports for the importation of goods, viz. –
Copenhagen, in Zealand; Nakskow, in the island of Lalland; Odense, in the island
of Fuen ; Aarkunts, Fredericia, and Ringkiobing, in Jutland.
COAL. See p. 188.
MONEYS.
90 Skillings == 1 Rigsbank Dollar.
The Rigsbank or Rix-Banco dollar is divided also into 6s mark, each of 16
skillings.
Estimating the Cologne mark of fine silver at 18; Rigsbank dollars, the Danish
dollar is equal to 13, Hamburgh mark Banco, or to 26.356. Sterling; making the
par of exchange with London R. D. 9 10 sk. per £ sterling.
By an edict of the Danish Chancery of the 29th Sept. 1837, the Banco paper
money was made of the same value as the silver money.
N.B.-The Danish specie-dollar is equal to 2 Rigsbank dollars, and therefore
to 52%d. sterling ; but as in ordinary calculations, 14 Hamburgh marks Banco are
reckoned equal to £1 sterling, the value of the specie-dollar at this rate is 51%d.
sterling. It is divided into 48 stivers.
WEIGHTS AND MEASURES.
100 lb. Danish — 110:13 lb. Avoirdupois.
100 Viertels – 170:08 Imperial Gallons. r
100 Tonnen F 47-84 Imperial Quarters. *
100 Ells - 68-64 English yards.
Tate's Modern Cambist.


334 EUROPE.--NETHERLANDs. [1845.
NETHERIANDS.*
Holland, or the Seven United Provinces, as it was formerly called, on being
united after the downfall of Napoleon, with the ancient Netherlands, or Low
Countries, adopted the latter general appellation for both parts; but, on the
separation in 1830, in consequence of the rebellion among its newly acquired
subjects, it was reduced to its former limits, though it retained its new name of
“The Netherlands,” whilst the other half was formed into a separate kingdom,
denominated “Belgium.”
PROVINCE OF NORTH IIOLLAND.
Principal Ports.--Amsterdam, Muiden, Zaandam, Enkhuizen, Me-
dimblik, Edam, Monnikendam, Alkmaar, Den Helder, Texel, Terschelling,
Purmerend.
PROVINCE OF SOUTII HOLLAND.
Principal Ports.-Brielle, or Briel, Maasluis, Iſelvoetsluis or Helle-
voetsluis, Rotterdam, Delfshaven, Schiedam, Viaardingen, Dordrecht.
PROVINCE OF ZEALAND.
Principal Ports.-Vlissingen (Flushing), Veere (Campveer), Zierikzee,
Bromwershaven, Middelburg.
PROVINCE OF FRIESLAND.
Principal Ports.-Stavoren or Staveren, De Lemmer, Workum, Har-
lingen, Dokkum, Makkum.
PROVINCE OF OVERYSSEL.
Principal Ports.-Kampen, Zwol or Zwolle.
PROVINCE OF GRONINGEN.
Principal Ports.-Delfzyl, Termunterzyl, Groningen, Oude Pekel-A,
Lang Akkerchans, Zolthamp.
BRITISH POSSESSIONS ABROAD.
As to Imports in Foreign Vessels, see p. 41.
COAL. See p. 188.
Treaty of Commerce and Navigation between Her Majesty and the King of the
Netherlands, signed at the Hague, October 27, 1837.
Duration.—The present treaty shall be in force for the term of ten years from the date hereof
and further, until the end of twelve months after either of the high contracting parties
shall have given notice to the other of its intention to terminate the same; each of the high
contracting parties reserving to itself the right of giving such notice to the other at the end of
the said term of ten years.
And it is hereby agreed between them, that at the expiration of twelve months after such
notice shall have been received by either party from the other, this treaty, and all the provisions
thercof, shall altogether cease and determine.
Ratifications.—The present treaty shall be ratified, and the ratifications shall be exchanged
at the Hague within one month from the date hereof, or sooner if possible,
In witness whereof the respective plenipotentiaries have signed the same, and have affixed
thereto the seals of their arms.
Done at the Hague, this 27th day of October, in the year of our Lord 1837.
Edw. CRomwell DisBRowe.
* The whole of this statistical information has been compiled in the Netherlands expressly
for “ Pope’s Journal of TRADE.”


PART X.] EUROPE.—NETHERLANDs. 335
[This Treaty was given at large in the Journal for several years. As, however, the essential
parts touching ‘Imports and Exports are embodied in the subsequent orders, it has now been
removed to make room for new matter.]—Ed.
ORDERS FOR CARRYING INTO EFFECT THE TREATY.
By C. O., Dec. 6, 1837, it is stated that a treaty of commerce and navigation having been
concluded between Her Majesty and the King of the Netherlands, Dutch ships, and goods
imported or exported, are to be put upon the same footing, with regard to all direct trade
between the Netherlands and the United Kingdom, as British ships, and goods imported
or exported therein.
By C. O., Dec. 11, 1837, Dutch vessels entering or departing from the ports of the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, together with the cargoes on board the same (such
cargoes consisting of articles which may be legally imported or exported), shall not be
subject to any other or higher duties or charges whatever than are or shall be levied on
British vessels entering or departing from such ports, or on similar articles when imported
into or exported from such ports in British vessels, and also such articles when exported
from the said ports in Dutch vessels, shall be entitled to the same bounties, drawbacks, and
allowances that are granted on similar articles when exported in British vessels.
By T. L., March 17, 1838, it is stated, relative to the alterations lately made in the terms
upon which Dutch ships may trade with the United Kingdom, that the retaliating duty of
20 per cent., and the Order in Council by which it was imposed, should, so far as they
relate to Holland, be deemed to be entirely repealed, because, under the stipulations of the
treaty, the Dutch government must necessarily have withdrawn those discriminating
duties which this retaliating duty was intended to countervail.
On this subject, therefore, the Order in Council must be construed to have an unlimited
effect; although those matters which are founded upon the treaty alone are confined to
cases of trade between the EU Ro PEAN dominions of the two countries; of this latter class
are the various distinctive dues, or port-charges, to which foreign ships are ordinarily liable,
not by particular Orders in Council, but under standing laws and regulations; and as the
treaty is the only ground upon which these can be equalised, it is only in respect of voyages
between the two kingdoms that such equalisation can be claimed.
By C. O., March 29, 1838, accompanying the aforegoing, it is stated, that the 20 per cent.
Additional Customs Duty, imposed by the Order in Council of Jan. 30, 1826, on goods
imported in Dutch vessels is, under the Order in Council of Dec. 11, 1837 (consequent on
the treaty entered into with the Dutch government), entirely repealed, whether arriving
from a port in Holland or from any other place; but that the indulgencies conceded by the
said Order in Council, as respects the distinctive duties, dues, or port-charges on Dutch
vessels, are to be strictly confined to the DIRECT trade between the EU Ro PEAN dominions
of the contracting powers.
MONEYS.*
Accounts are kept in Florins or Guilders (guldens), and Cents.
The Florin, at the exchange of 12f. per £ sterling, is equal to 1 shilling and
8 pence, English.
The new current coins are : —
.#2 s. d.
The Gold William, or Ten Guilder Piece, equal to . () l (; 8
5 * Half ditto, or Five ditto - () 8 4
The Silver Guilder of Florin of 100 cents . - . () l 8
> * Quarter ditto, or Twenty-five Cent Piece . () () 5
* * Dubbeltje, or 10 Cent Piece - - . () () 2
* 3 Stiver, or Five ditto - - - . () () 1
The Copper Cent - - - - . () () () H-5
* * Half ditto - - - - 0 0 0 1-10
WEIGHTS.
The Netherlands pound (pond) is equal to the French killogramme, and con-
tains 2 ºff, English imperial pounds.
It is subdivided into the ounce (ons), or tenth part, corresponding to the
French Hectogramme; the Lood, or hundredth part, corresponding to the
French Décagramme; the Wigtje, or thousandth part, corresponding to the
French Gramme; and the Korrel, or ten thousandth part, corresponding to the
French Décagramme.
* supplied from the Netherlands, expressly for this Journal.


336 EUROPE.—NETHERLANDs. [1845.
Comparison of the Netherlands, or French weights, with those of England:–
Netherlands. Franco. England.
Pond . . . . or . . . . Killogramme . . . . . . 1543.4 grains.
Ons. . . . . . . . . . Hectogramme . . . . . 1543.4
Lood . . . . . . . . Décagramme . . . . . . 154.34
Wigtje ... . . . . Gramme . . . . . . . . . . 15.434
Correl. . . . . . . . Décigramme . . . . . . 1.5434
508 Netherlands Pounds = 1121 English Imperial Pounds,
1. * 5 Last = 2000 Netherlands Pounds.
I • ? Ton = 1000 ditto ditto.
MEASURES.
Dry Measure.
Mudde or Zak or . . . . . . . . . . Hectolitre . . . . . . . . 2.8379 bushels.
Schepel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dócalitre . . . . . . . . 0.28379
Kop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Litre . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.028379
Maatje . . . . . . . . . . . . Décilitre . . . 0.00283.79
2.90.7813 Netherlands Mudden
& Last is 30 Mudden or Žakkhen.
= 1 English Imperial Quarter.
1 ditto Last = 1072 d:tto ditto.
Liquid Measure.
Wat . . . . . . . . or. . . . . . . . Hectolitre. . . . 26.419 gallons of wine.
Kan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Litre. . . . . . . . 0.26419
Maatje. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Décilitre . . . . 0.026419
Wingerhoed . . . . . . . . . . Centilitre . . . . 0.026419
4. 5434.579 A Netherlands Kannen = 1 English Imperial Gallon.
Trºy Weight,
1 Pound = 2 Marks - 0.4921677 Netherlands pounds.
1 Mark — 8 Ounces —- 0.2460839 ditto ditto.
I Ounce - 20 Eagles -: 0.0307605 ditto ditto.
1 Eagle — 32 Azen = 0.0015.380 ditto ditto.
Medicinal Weight.
1 Pound = 12 Ounces = 375 Netherlands weight.
1 Ounce > 8 Drams - 31.25 ditto ditto.
1 Dram — 8 Scruples = 3.906 ditto ditto.
1 Scruple = 20 Grains — 1.302 d:tto ditto.
1 Grain --- 0.065 ditto ditto.
Rhineland Measure
1 Rood — 12 Feet.
1 Foot — 12 Inches.
1 Inch =. 12 Lines.
100 Netherland Ells equal to 26.5438 Rhineland Roods, or 26 roods, 6 inches
3.7 lines Rhineland Measure.
100 Rhineland Roods = 376.7358 Netherland Ells.
HOLLAND.
KING'S SPEECH.
Opening of the Ordinary Session of the States-General, for 1844-45. – [Oct 21,
1844.
[ExTRACT.]
Notwithstanding some partial failures of the crops, our East Indian possessions
enjoy tranquillity and prosperity.
I regret that our West Indian colonies continue in a languishing state; however,


PART X.] EUROPE.-Hol.I.A.N.D. 337
means have been proposed to me to recover them, the applicability of which must
be judged of on the spot.
Some branches of manufacture are improving, while others feel the influence of
unfavourable circumstances. The government endeavours, as far as in its power,
to give them the best directions possible.
Primary instruction is the constant object of my solicitude. The arts and
sciences are cultivated with zeal and success, and it is a pleasing duty to me to
second, as far as the means are at my disposal at present, the efforts of those who
devote themselves to them.
An advantageous convention has been also concluded with respect to the Belgian
debt.
The results have considerably exceeded the estimates which served as the basis
of the plans adopted in the last session of the States-General.
The budgets which will be brought before you will prove to you that the
government does not stop in the course of retrenchment.
The tariff of import, export, and transit duties, already provisionally communi-
cated to you, will now become a subject for your deliberation.
Holland will not confine itself to bare words, when the successive improvements
of our commercial legation shall have to be considered.
It will be necessary seriously to attend to the reform of our monetary system.
I cherish the hope that it may be effected without an augmentation of the public
burdens.
NEW TARIFF.
Rotterdam, Nov. 1, 1844.
The new Dutch Tariff, proposed by the Minister of Finance, has been laid before
the Chambers now sitting. The principal feature in it is a considerable reduction
of the Transit Duty in a pretty general standard of 10 cents. per 100 Neth, lb.
gross, or 1-10th per cent. ad valorem.—Cor.
WEIGHTS AND MEASURES.
The Netherland lb. is nearly equal to English lb., being the French kilo-
gramme.
The weight of corn in most of the corn-shipping ports on the Continent is regu-
lated by that of the Dutch sack, thus:—
Wheat weighing 130 lb. the Dutch sack, is equal to 61% lb. imp. bush.
2
Barley 77 110 7 * 77 5 ; : ;
Oats * * 80 77 * * 38 * >
- —Cor.
MONEYS.
See NETHERLANDs, in preceding page.
BELGIUM.
Principal Ports.--Antwerp, Bruges, Brussels, Ghent, Hasogras, Hovet,
Louvain, Malines or Mechlin, Nieuport, Ostend.
Z


338 . EUROPE.—BELGIUM. [1845.
KING'S SPEECH.
Extract of the King's Speech on opening the Parliamentary Session for 1844-5.
[Oct. 1844.]
The commercial suggestions which you forwarded to the Government have been
the object of my most serious attention; some of them I have realised. The
measures which I thought necessary to take will be submitted to you; I doubt not
that they will obtain your approbation. * -
By the aid of the commercial policy which you have sanctioned, I have con-
cluded with the German Zollverein (Association Allemande des Dooanes) a treaty
of navigation and commerce, which secures our mutual interests. The examina-
tion of this treaty will be the object of your first deliberations.
By a recent convention, the postal communications between Belgium and Great
Britain have been regulated on a basis at once more extended and more favourable
to commerce. The charge on letters has been reduced, and special advantages
have been stipulated for the transmission of foreign correspondence.—(Earpedition
des Correspondence Etrangeres.)
A broad and liberal entrepot system, combined with new facilities of transit,
will be likely to assist in the development of our international relations. A bill
having this object in view will be presented to you. It will also remain for you
to consider other measures likely to increase our distant connexions and exports.
The harvest, which caused some momentary alarm, has turned out satisfactory;
no exceptional measure appears necessary.
PILOTAGE AND LIGHTS.
By T. O., May 31, 1836, Belgian vessels under 60 tons burden are exempted from taking a
pilot on board to conduct them into or from any of the ports of the United Kingdom. -
DIFFERENTIAL DUTIES.
By c. o., Jan. 30, 1826, and June 3, 1831, cargoes imported into the United Kingdom in
Belgian vessels are liable to one-fifth more duties than if imported in British vessels.
MONEYS, WEIGHTS, AND MEASURES.
See NETHERLANDs, p. 335.
AUSTRIA.
Treaty of Commerce and Navigation between Her Majesty and the Emperor of .
Austria, signed at Vienna, July 3, 1838. -
13. Former Treaty. , Continuance of the present one—The present treaty, after being signed
and ratified, shall replace the Convention of Navigation and Commerce concluded the 21st
December, 1829, in London between the governments of His Britannic Majesty and of His
Imperial and Royal Apostolic Majesty; and shall continue in force until the 31st December,
1848; and further, until the expiration of twelve months after one of the high contracting parties
shall have notified to the other the intention to terminate its duration. It is further agreed, that :
in twelve months after one of the high contracting parties has received from the other such noti-
fication, this treaty, and all the stipulations it contains, shall cease to be obligatory upon either
pº Ratifications.—The present treaty shall be ratified, and the ratifications exchanged at
Vienna in the space of one month, or sooner, if possible.
In witness whereof the respective plenipotentiaries have signed the same, and have affixed
thereto the seals of their arms,
Done at Vienna, the 3rd of July, in the year of our Lord, 1838.
FREDERICK JAMEs LAMIB.
METTERNICH.
[This treaty was given at large in the Journal for several years. As, however, the essential
parts touching Imports and Exports are embodied in the subsequent orders, it is now removed
to make room for new matter.J–Ed. -


PART X.] EUROPE.—AUSTRIA. 339
BRITISH POSSESSIONS ABROAD.
By O. C., April 7, 1830, it shall be lawful for Austrian ships to import from the dominions of
His Majesty the Emperor of Austria into any of the British possessions abroad, goods the
produce of such dominions, and to export goods from such British possessions, to be car-
ried to any foreign country whatever,
PORTS OF THE DANUBE.
It shall be lawful, notwithstanding any thing in the Act 3 & 4 Will, 4,
c. 54 (p. 1), for Her Majesty from time to time to declare, by order in
council, to be published in the London Gazette, that all Austrian vessels
arriving from the ports of the Danube as far as Galatz inclusively, shall,
together with their cargoes, whether such cargoes be the produce of Austria
or not, be admitted into the ports of the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, and of all possessions of Her Majesty, exactly in the same manner
as if such vessels came direct from Austrian ports; and thereupon, and for
so long a time as such order shall be declared to be in force, or shall remain
unrevoked, it shall be lawful to import into the British dominions from such
ports of the Danube, in Austrian ships, any goods which by the laws in force
at the time of such importation might be there imported in Austrian ships
from Austrian ports. 3 & 4 Vict., c. 95, § 1. [Aug. 10, 1840.]
By O. C., June 23, 1841, all Austrian vessels arriving from the ports of the Danube, as far as
Galatz inclusively, shall, together with their cargoes, whether such cargoes shall be the
produce of Austria or not, be admitted into the ports of the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, and of all posessions of Her Majesty, exactly in the same manner as if
such vessels came direct from Austrian ports.
PORTS OF THE VISTULA.
By O. C., March 4, 1844, it is stated, that whereas by Act of 3 & 4 Wict.
[p. 5.] entitled “An Act to enable Her Majesty to carry into effect certain
stipulations contained in a Treaty of Commerce and Navigation between Her
Majesty and the Emperor of Austria; and to enable Her Majesty to declare, by
Order in Council, that ports which are the most natural and convenient shipping
ports of states within whose dominions they are not situate, may in certain cases
be considered, for all purposes of trade with Her Majesty's dominions, as the
national ports of such states,” it is, among other things, enacted that, notwith-
standing the Act of 3 & 4 Will. 4, c. 54 [p. 1.] it shall be lawful for Her Ma-
jesty, from time to time, to declare by Her Order in Council, to be published in
the London Gazette, that any port or ports to be named in such order, being the
most convenient ports for shipping the produce of any state, to be also named in
such order, shall, although not situate within the dominions of such state, be
ports for the use of the ships of such state in the trade of such ships with all
ports of the British dominions, or with any ports of the same named and limited
in such order, in as full and ample manner as if such ports were within the do-
minions of such state; and thereupon, and for so long a time as such order shall
be declared to be in force, or shall remain unrevoked, it shall be lawful to import
into the British dominions, or into such ports of the same as shall be named and
limited in such order, from such ports in the ships of such state, and goods which,
by the laws in force at the time of such importation, might then be imported in
such ships from a port of the country to which they belonged, and so to import
such goods upon the like terms as the same could there be imported from the
national ports of such ships:”
And whereas the ports at the mouth of the river Vistula, although not within
the dominions of Austria, are nevertheless the most convenient ports for shipping
the produce of part of the Austrian dominions :
Now, therefore, Her Majesty, by and with the advice of Her Privy Council, is
pleased to order that Austrian vessels and their cargoes, consisting of such goods
as by the laws in force at the time of such importation may be legally imported
into the United Kingdom and the British possessions abroad, from the ports of
z 2


340 EUROPE.--AUSTRIA. [1845.
Austria, by the said vessels shall, when coming from any of the ports at the
mouth of the Vistula, be admitted into the ports of the United Kingdom, and of
the British possessions abroad, in as full and ample a manner as if the ports at
the mouth of the Vistula were within the dominions of Austria; and such vessels
shall be permitted to import the goods above mentioned upon the same terms on
which the said goods might be imported if coming from Austrian ports:
Provided, nevertheless, that these privileges are to extend to the vessels of
Austria and their cargoes only so long as British vessels and their cargoes shall,
upon their arrival at, or departure from, any of the ports at the mouth of the
Vistula, continue to be placed on the same footing as the vessels of Austria and
their cargoes, and so long as the cargoes which may be legally imported into the
Austrian dominions through any of the ports at the mouth of the Vistula, in
British vessels, shall continue to be placed in the Austrian dominions upon the
same footing as the like cargoes so imported in Austrian vessels.
COAL. See p. 188.
ODESSA.
As to imports into the United Kingdom by Austrian vessels, see Odessa.
PART X.
MONEYS.
60 Kreuzers - 1 Florin.
A Rix Dollar is 1. Florins or 99 Kreuzers; it is a nominal money used in
exchanges, but not in accounts.
WEIGHTS AND MEASURES.
100 Pfund or Pounds 123.52 lb. Avoirdupois.
100 Eimers . . . 1215.78 Imperial Gallons.
I 00 Metzen 21.15 Imperial Quarters.
100 Ells 85.21 English Yards.
Tafe's Modern Cambist.
º
GERMANY.
ZOLLVEREIN, OR COMMERCIAL UNION.
[See PRUssíA, p. 326.]
NEW CHANNEL IN THE EIB.E.
The following copy of a notification from the Marine Department of Germany
has been forwarded to Lloyd's from their agent at Hamburgh :—
“It has appeared that in the Lower Elbe, between the Asseler Sand and the
Black Buoy Sand, a channel has been formed, which is separated from the prin-
cipal channel by the Black Buoy Sand. This channel, whilst it is but of mo-
derate breadth, so as not to admit of tacking with large vessels, has at low water
a depth of 8 feet, which at Westerly winds and flood tides gives a depth of 17 to
18 feet; so that ships which draw no more than 12 to 14 feet water can sail up
this channel with S.W. and W.S.W. winds.
“In order to mark this channel more distinctly, the Deputies for the Navi-
gation and the Harbour have caused a black and white buoy to be placed at the
Assela Sand, the white buoy at the Black Buoy Sand (Schwarger Tonnen Sand),
whereby this new course is made known to the pilots.
“The Deputies for the Navigation and the Harbour.
“Hamburgh, Oct. 1, 1844.”


PART X.] EUROPE.—GERMANY. 341
WOOL FAIRS.
- Breslau, June 1, 1844.
The fair, which by the Calendar, was fixed for the 2d of June, may be consi-
dered as virtually over. The quantity brought to the fair was 55,000 centners,
besides 3,000 centners of old wool, making in the whole about 58,000 centners,
of which only from 12,000 to 14,000 centners remained unsold on the 1st instant.
The improved prospects of the wool trade, the ready and profitable disposal of
manufactured goods, together with the repeal of the English import duty on
foreign wool, all combined to give a spirit and eagerness for the purchase of wools,
which has resulted in an advance of from 8 to 10, and in some instances from 12
to 15 dollars upon last year's prices, but the average may fairly be taken at 3d.
per ſh. The wash generally was satisfactory—not indeed splendid, but such as
not to deserve complaint. The wool was mostly considered healthy, neither sick-
ness nor famine appearing much to have pervaded the flocks,—Cor.
HANOVER.
Principal Ports.-Accumersiel, Aschendorf, Altenbrauch, Buxtehude,
Bremerlehe, Blumenthal, Bremervoorde, Brensursiel, Carolinensiel, Dor-
nummersiel, Emdem, Essens, Frieborg, Grohn, Geeste, Geestendorfi, Greet-
siel, Halte, Harburg, Harlingerziel, Herlekietgodens, Jemgum, Inhauzersiel,
Leer or Lehr, Neyhus, Norden, Neesummersiel, Neuharlingersiel, Oldersum,
Ottendorf, Papenborg, Raudervelin, Rennebide or Ranebeck, Rutzebutte,
Stade, Vegesack, Weender, Wester Accummersiel.
NAVIGATION OF THE RIVER, EMS.—BUOYS.
For a greater security in the navigation of the Ems, by consent of His Majesty's
Minister for the Affairs of the Interior, the buoying of the Eastern Ems will be
further increased by two white buoys placed upon the Kachelott Plate and the
Koper Sand, respecting the situation of which the following is the notice given —
1. The white buoy on the Kachelott Plate.—Masters of inward-bound vessels
will find it in a S.S.E. direction from the black buoy with a basket in Homme
Channel (Homme Gat); it lies upon the steep point of the Kachelott Plate in six
fathoms water at low ebb, the lighthouse on the Borkum a little within the north
point of the Ostland Sand-hills, keeping Ostland Cape, however, to the S.W.
However, in order during foggy weather to prevent masters of vessels from incur-
ring the risk of mistaking the white buoy on the Kachelott Plate for the white
inner buoy situate opposite it on the Juister Reef, in lieu of the common shaped
white buoy hitherto lying there, there is a black and white striped buoy, pointed
at both ends, in shape similar to a ship's anchor buoy.
2. The white buoy on the Koper Sand lies upon a steep tongue jutting out from
the Koper Sand in six fathoms water at low ebb, and the small cape upon the
west hand of Borkum Island a short boat-hook’s length to the northward of the
lighthouse there; whereby the Black King's Buoy situate opposite, lies to the
N.W. by W. W., but the Red Cape Buoy to the S.S.W. of the white buoy on
the Koper Sand.
The officer charged with the duty of laying down these buoys has this day set
sail, and, weather permitting, will without fail have effected the same within the
next few days.
The above is hereby made known in the name of the Royal General Direction
of Waterworks.
G. H. KETTLER,
Royal Direction of Waterworks, Emden,
March 5, 1844.


342 EUROPE.-HANover. [1845.
Treaty of Commerce and Navigation between Her Majesty and the King of
Hanover, signed at London, July 22, 1844, with various Documents annexed
thereto. Ratifications eachanged at London, August 9, 1844.
ARTICLE I.—1) UES ON VESSELS.
From the date of the exchange of the ratifications of the present treaty, British vessels arriving
at, remaining in, or departing from the ports of the Kingdom of Hanover, and vessels of
Hanover arriving at, remaining in, or departing from the ports of the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, or of Her Britannic Majesty's possessions abroad, shall be subject to no other
or higher dues or charges, of whatsoever nature they may be, than those which are now, or shall
hereafter be imposed upon national vessels, on their arrival at, during their remaining in, or on
their departure from such ports.
II.-VESSELS IN WHICH GOODS MAY BE EXPORTED AND IMPORTED.
1. All articles of the growth, produce, or manufacture of the dominions of His Majesty the
King of Hanover, which are or shall be permitted to be exported from the ports of Hanover in
vessels of Hanover, shall likewise be permitted to be exported from those ports in British vessels,
either to the ports of the United Kingdom, or of Her Britannic Majesty's possessions abroad, or
to the ports of any other foreign country.
2. All articles of the growth, produce, or manufacture of the dominions of Her Britannic
Majesty, which are or shall be permitted to be exported from the ports of the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland, or of Her Britannic Majesty's possessions abroad, in British vessels,
shall likewise be permitted to be exported from those ports in vessels of Hanover, either to the
ports of Hanover or to the ports of any other foreign country.
3. All articles of the growth, produce, or manufacture of the dominions of His Majesty the
King of Hanover, which are or shall be permitted to be imported in British vessels from the
orts of Hanover, or from the ports of any other foreign country, into the ports of the United
kºm of Great Britain, and Ireland, or from the ports of Hanover into the ports of Her
Britannic Majesty’s possessions abroad, shall likewise be permitted to be imported in vessels of
Hanover.
4. All articles of the growth, produce, or manufacture of the dominions of Her Britannic
Majesty, which are or shall be permitted to be imported into the ports of Hanover, in vessels of
Hanover, shall likewise be permitted to be imported into those ports in British vessels, either
from the ports of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, or of Her Britannic
Majesty’s possessions abroad, or from the ports of any other foreign country.
3. Duties, &c., on Import.—All articles whatsoever which can be legally imported into the
ports of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, or of Her Britannic Majesty’s
possessions abroad, in vessels of Hanover, or into the ports of Hanover in British vessels, shall,
on their importation, be subject to the same duties of importation, dues, and charges, and be
entitled to the same bounties, drawbacks, allowances, and advantages, whether such articles be
imported in vessels of the one or of the other country.
4. Duties, &c., on Euport.—All articles whatsoever which can be legally exported from the
ports of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, or of Her Britannic Majesty's
posesssions abroad, in vessels of Hanover, or from the ports of Hanover in British vessels, shall,
on their exportation, be subject to the same duties of exportation, dues and charges, and be
entitled to the same bounties, drawbacks, allowances, and advantages, whether such articles be
exported in vessels of the one or of the other country.
5. Meuse, Ems, and Weser.-In consideration of British vessels, together with their cargoes,
being by the laws of Hanover admitted to entry in the ports of Hanover when coming from
the ports of all countries; and in consideration of British trade and navigation with Hanover
being placed upon the feoting of the most favoured nation: having regard also to the facility
which the application of steam power to inland navigation aflords for the conveyance of produce
and merchandize of all kinds up and down rivers, and to the new opening which may by these
means be given to the trade and navigation between the United Kingdom and Her Britannic
Majesty’s possessions abroad, on the one hand, and the Kingdom of Hanover on the other, it is
agreed that vessels of Hanover together with their cargoes, consisting of all such goods as for the
time being may or can be legally imported into the United Kingdom and Her Britannic Majesty's
possesions abroad by the said vessels, from any port of Hanover, shall, when coming from the
mouths of the Meuse, of the Ems, of the Weser, and of the Elbe, or from the mouths of any
other navigable river between the Elbe and the Meuse, or from the mouths of any navigable
river between the Trave and the Memel, both inclusive, be admitted into the ports of the United
Kingdom and of Her Britannic Majesty's possessions abroad, on the same terms as if the ports
from which such vessels may come as aforesaid, were within the dominions of the King of
Hanover; and such vessels shall be permitted to import such goods as aforesaid upon the same
terms on which such goods might be imported if coming from the ports of Hanover; and also,
that such vessels proceeding from the United Kingdom or Her Britannic Majesty's possessions
abroad, to the ports aforesaid, shall be treated as if returning to a port of Hanover.
And it is hereby agreed, that the privileges granted by the present article shall continue only
so long as British vessels, and British trade and navigation, shall continue to enjoy the advantages
in consideration of which the said privileges are hereinbefore mentioned to have been conceded.
And further, that the said privileg's shall extend and be continued to the vessels of Hanover,
in respect to the ports referred to in this a tºle, only so long as British vessels and their cargoes
shall, upon their arrival thereat, during their remaining therein, and upon their departure
therefrom, be placed upon the same footing as vessels of Hanover.
6. Stade or Brunshansen Toll.–From October 1st, 1844, no other or higher duties or tolls
shall be levied, as regards the tolls or charges known by the name of the Stade or Brunshausen Toll
and charges, on British vessels passing up the Elbe to the point where the tolls of the Upper
Elbe commence, that is to say, up to and including the town of Hamburgh, or upon the cargoes
of such vessels, than the tolls and duties which are specified in the Convention between the Eibel


PART X.] EUROPE.—HANov ER. 343
bordering States, which was signed at Dresden on the 13th of April, 1844, and in the separate
articles, regulations, and five tables annexed thereto, copies of which Convention, separate
articles, regulations, and tables are annexed to the present Treaty, and certified under the hands
of the respective plenipotentiaries.
With respect, however, to certain articles of British produce and manufacture, it is agreed that
the duty or toll to be levied upon such articles, when passing up the Elbe to the point where the
tolls of the Upper Elbe commence, either in British vessels or in vessels of any of the Elbe-
bordering States, shall be only two-thirds of the duty or toll.
And it is further agreed, that with regard to British vessels passing up the Elbe as aforesaid,
the production of the papers of such vessel shall be held to be sufficient proof of their national
character; and that a declaration on the custom-house cocket by which the goods are accom-
panied, stating that the same are of the growth or manufacture of the United Kingdom, shall be
held to be sufficient proof of the origin of the goods composing the cargoes of such vessels.
7. Reciprocal Reduction of Duties, &c., or grant of favours, &c.—Her Majesty the Queen
of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, and His Majesty the King of Hanover,
engage reciprocally not to grant any reductions of duties, or any favours, privileges, or immunities
whatsoever, in matters of commerce and navigation, to the subjects of any other State, which
shall not be also and at the same time extended to the subjects of the other high contracting
party, gratuitously, if the concession in favour of the other State shall have been gratuitous, or
upon giving, as nearly as possible, the same compensation or equivalent, in case the concession
shall have been conditional.
It is however understood, that the above stipulation shall not apply to the privileges and
exemptions as regards the Brunshausen toll, which the free and Hanseatic city of Hamburgh
enjoys under § 2 of the Regulations which are annexed to the Convention signed on the 13th of
April, 1844, by the Commissioners of the Elbe-bordering States, with respect to that toll.
8, Continuation.—The present Treaty shall be in force until the 1st of January, 1854, and
further until the end of twelve months after either of the high contracting parties shall have
given notice to the other of its intention to terminate the same, each of the high contracting
parties reserving to itself the right of giving such notice to the other; and it is hereby agreed
between them, that at the expiration of twelve months after such notice shall have been received
by either party from the other, this Treaty, and all the provisions thereof, shall altogether cease
and determine. -
9. Ratification.—The present Treaty shall be ratified, and the ratifications thereof shall be
exchanged at London at the expiration of two months or sooner if possible.
In witness whereof the respective plenipotentiaries have signed the same, and have affixed
thereto the seals of their arms.
Dome at London, the twenty-second day of July, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight
hundred and forty-four.
ABERDEEN.
W. E. GLADSTONE.
A. K.I.E.LMANSEGGE.
E. HuDEN.
EMS, WESER, AND ELBE.
By O. C. Sept. 3, 1844, for the considerations mentioned in the foregoing article of the treaty,
Her Majesty, by the advice of Her Privy Council, is pleased, in pursuance of the power and au-
thority in Her vested in that behalf, to order that vessels of Hanover, together with their cargoes,
consisting of all such goods as, for the time being, may or can be legally imported into the
United Kingdom and Her Majesty’s possessions abroad, by the said vessels, from any port of
Hanover, shall, when coming from the mouths of the Meuse, of the Ems, of the Weser, and of
the Elbe, or from the mouths of any other navigable river between the Elbe and the Meuse, or
from the mouths of any navigable river between the Trave and the Memel, both inclusive, be
admitted into the ports of the United Kingdom and of Her Majesty’s possessions abroad, on the
same terms as if the ports from which such vessels may come as aforesaid were within the domi-
nions of the King of Hanover ; and such vessels shall be permitted to import such goods as
aforesaid, upon the same terms on which such goods might be imported, if coming from the
ports of Hanover; and also that such vessels, proceeding from the United Kingdom or Her
Majesty’s possessions abroad to the ports aforesaid, shall be treated as if returning to a port of
Hanover:
Provided, nevertheless, that the privileges hereby granted shall continue only so long as
British vessels, and British trade and navigation, shall continue to enjoy the advantages, in con-
sideration of which the said privileges are mentioned in the said Article to have been conceded;
and that the said privileges shall extend and be continued to the vessels of Hanover, in respect
of the ports to which such privileges relate, only so long as British vessels and their cargoes
shall, upon their arrival thereat, during their remaining therein, and upon their departure there-
from, be placed on the same footing as vessels of Hanover:
COALS. See p. 188.
MONEYS.
24 Groschen . . . . = 1 Dollar.
The course of Exchange is the same as at Bremen.
WEIGHTS AND MEASURES.
100 lb. . . . . 107.97 lb. avoirdupois
100 ells . . . . 63.87 imperial yards.
1 last 10.27 imperial quarters.
=


344 EUROPE.—HANover. [1845. . .
WEIGHTS AND MEAsures—continued.
At Emden 100 lb. . . . .
100 ells . . . .
1 last (of 15 barrels)
109.54 lb. avoirdupois.
74.24 imperial yards.
9.9 imperial quarters.
Cor.
EAST FRIESLAND.
By C. O., June 13, 1816, the Lords of the Treasury, have communicated to the Board that by
the general treaty signed in congress at Vienna, June 9, 1815, the province of East Friesland
(in which the town of Pappenburgh is comprehended) is annexed to the kingdom of Hanover,
and that vessels built in that province or town, and navigated according to law, are to be
admitted and treated as Hanoverian built vessels in the ports of the United Kingdom.
HANSEATIC TOWNS, &c.
Principal Ports.-Bremen, Hamburgh, Lubec, Travamunde.
Frankfort is a free city, but not now a Hanseatic town.
-
Convention of Commerce between His Majesty and the Free Hanseatic Republies
of Lubeck, Bremen, and Hamburgh, signed at London, Sept. 29, 1825.
9. Duration.—The present convention shall be in force for the term of ten years from the
date hereof; and further, until the end of twelve months after the King of the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland, on the one part, or the governments of the free Hanseatic republics
of Lubeck, Bremen, or Hamburgh, or either of them, on the other part, shall have given notice
of their intention to terminate the same; each of the said high contracting parties reserving to
itself the right of giving such notice to the other at the end of the said term of ten years; and it
is hereby agreed between them, that, at the expiration of twelve months after such notice shall
have been received by either of the parties from the other, this convention, and all provisions
thereof, shall altogether cease and determine, as far as regards the states giving and receiving
such notice; it being always understood and agreed, that, if one or more of the Hanseatic
republics aforesaid shall, at the expiration of ten years from the date hereof, give or receive
notice of the proposed termination of this convention, such convention shall, nevertheless,
remain in full force and operation, as far as regards the remaining Hanseatic republics or repub-
lic which may not have given or received such notice.
10. IRalification.—The present convention shall be ratified, and the ratification shall be ex-
changed at London within one mouth from the date hereof, or sooner if possible.
In witness whereof the respective plenipotentiaries have signed the same, and have affixed
thereto the seals of their arms.
1)one at London, Sept. 29, 1825.
GEORGE CANNING.
W. Huskisson. ;
JAMES Colquiloo N.
Supplementary Convention to the Treaty of Commerce and Navigation of the 29th
of September, 1825, between the Senates of the Free Hanseatic cities of Lubeck,
Bremen, and Hamburgh, and Her Majesty the Queen of Great Britain and
Ireland, signed at London the 3rd of August, 1841. The ratifications were
exchanged at London on the 28th of August, 1841.
[These conventions were given at large in the Journal for several years. As, however, the
essential parts touching imports and exports are embodied in the subsequent order, it has now
been removed to make room for mew matter-Ed.]
By O. C., Sept. 14, 1841, Her Majesty is pleased to order that all goods being the produce of
the states of the Free Hanseatic cities of Lubeck, Bremen, and Hamburgh, or of the other
states of the Germanic confederation, or of the states comprised in the Germanic Union
of Customs, and which may be imported in any foreign vessels from the ports of Lubeck,
Bremen, and Hamburgh, or from any port situated on the Elbe or Weser into the ports of
the British possessions abroad, including Gibraltar and Malta, shall also be permitted to
be imported from the said ports of the Free Cities of Lubeck, Bremen, and Hamburgh, into
the ports of the said British possessions abroad (including Gibraltar and Malta) in vessels
belonging to Lubeck, Bremen, and Hamburgh, built, owned, and navigated as stipulated
in the fifth article of the convention of commerce and navigation, concluded on the 29th
September, 1825, between Great Britain on the one part, and the Free Hanseatic cities of
Lubeck, Bremen, and Hamburgh on the other part; and such goods, being the produce of
the Free Hanseatic Republics, or of the other states of the Germanic confederation, or of


PART X.] EUROPE.—HANSEATIC Towns, &c. 345
the states of the Germanic Union of Customs, and so imported in Hanseatic vessels into the
ports of the said British possessions abroad (including Gibraltar and Malta) and all goods
exported in Hanseatic vessels, built, owned, and mavigated as aforesaid, from the ports of
the British possessions abroad (including Gibraltar and Malta) to any foreign Country what-
ever, shall pay mo other or higher duties than if the same were imported or exported in
British Wessels.
COAL. See p. 188.
MARITIME COMMERCE.
OFFICIAL STATEMENT of the maritime commerce of Hamburgh gives the
number of Merchantmen that arrived there these last four years as
follows:–
| 1810. 1841. 1842. 1813.
With cargoes 2,640 2,890 3,001 3,409
In ballast . 295 304 229 129
Total 2,935 3,194 3,230 3,538
Under English colours - 852 973 894 907
MONEYS.
By one of the articles of the Zollverein, or Customs-union of Germany, it was
stipulated that the settlements for the duties should be made either in Prussian
dollars or in florins, at the rate of seven florins for four Prussian dollars. There
were, however, no florins in existence exactly of this value, but as the nearest ap-
proach to it was a valuation called the 24 guldenfuss, or florin-foot, the Zollverein
florins were nominally reckoned to be in this rate, though the difference amounts to
more than two per cent.
The term 24 guldenfuss implies that the mark weight of fine silver is rated at 24
gulden or florins. It was formed by giving to the coins minted or valued in 20
guldenfuss an increased value of one-fifth, as rating the 24-kreutzer piece at 24
kreutzers. At 60a, per ounce standard, the value of this mark of fine silver is
worth 40s. 73d. Sterling from which the value of the different German monetary
integers is readily obtained; as reckoning 27% marks banco or 34 marks current of
Hamburgh, 14 dollars of Prussia, 24% florins of South Germany, 20 florins of
Austria, and also 60 lire Austriache of Lombardo-Veneto to be of this amount.
In order, therefore, to prevent the loss or inconvenience, which would attend
their adhering to this mode of valuation, a money convention was entered into on
the 25th of August, 1837, among the states forming the union, by which it was
agreed upon that a new basis of valuation should be adopted for their coins, under
the term of Süddeutscher Währung or South German valuation, at the rate of 24%
gulden or florins from the mark's weight of fine silver.
Bavaria, Wurtemburg, Baden, and Saxony, have since issued their coins at this
rate, and the other states of the confederation are doing or preparing to do the same.
Among them Frankfort, in 1840, began the mintage of coins of this value, and by
a regulation of the Chamber of Commerce of this free city, all the rates of exchanges,
as well as the values of the bullion and foreign coins were ordered to be expressed
in this Süddeutscher Währung from the beginning of this present year. One of
these new and very exactly-minted florins was assayed for me by those eminent
assayers, Messrs. Johnson and Cock, of Hatton-garden, who reported it to be, full
weight 6 dwts. 19% grains, worse 6 dwts., gold under 2 grains; from which the
value, at 604. per ounce standard, is very exactly 19%d. sterling, making the par of
exchange with London 120; florins in S. D. W. for 10l. sterling.
I have been thus particular in making these explanatlons, partly because several
persons imagine that the late alteration in the rate of exchange with Frankfort was


346 EUROPE.—HANSEATIC Towns, &c. [1845.
made in compliance with the wishes, or to suit the convenience, of one or more of
our leading houses in exchange negotiations, but more particularly because it is
maintained by many that the valuation of this rate is not merely nominally, but
really, in 24 guldenfuss. This is a point of no small importance to the commer-
cial world, for, had it been so, the par of exchange with London would have been
only 118 florins for 101. sterling, and the difference between this and the present
price of sight bills on Frankfort would have exceeded 23 per cent. ; a variation
which every practical cambist well knows could not exist, except under very extra-
ordinary circumstances, and with nearly corresponding differences in the other rates
of exchange; neither of which cause is now in operation.—Eatract of a Letter,
dated March, 1843, from Mr. Tate, author of the ‘Modern Cambist.’
FRANKFORT.
Treaty of Commerce and Narigation between His Majesty and the Free City of
Frankfort, signed at London, May 13, 1832.
1. Reciprocal Freedom of Commerce.—There shall be between the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, and the free city of Frankfort and its territories, a reciprocal freedom of
connmerce.
The subjects and citizens of the two countries respectively, shall have liberty freely and
securely to come with their ships and cargoes, or with goods borne by land, or by inland naviga-
tion, to all such places, ports, and rivers, in the respective territories aforesaid, to which other
foreigners are, or may be, permitted to come, and to enter into the same, and to remain and
reside in any port or part of the said territories respectively, and to hire and occupy houses and
warehouses for the purposes of their commerce, in such manner as is permitted to merchants of
the most favoured nations; and, generally, the merchants and traders of each state shall, within
the territories of the other, enjoy the most complete protection and security for their commerce,
subject always to the laws and statutes of the two states respectively; and, generally, each of
the said high contracting parties agrees to place the other, in all that respects trade, commerce,
and navigation, on the footing of the most favoured nation.
2. Import Duties.—No higher or other duties shall be imposed on the importation of any
articles, goods, the growth, produce, or manufacture of the territory of the Republic of Frank.
fort, or of any other country, into the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, which may
be legally imported from the free city of Frankfort or the territories thereof, than are or shall be
ayable on the like articles, imported from any other foreign country; and, reciprocally, no
É. or other duties shall be imposed on the importation of any articles into the free city of
Frankfort, or into its territories, from the territories of His Britannic Majesty in Europe, than
are or shall be payable on the like articles imported from any other foreign country.
3. Export Duties, &c.—No higher or other duties or charges shall be imposed, nor shall any
lower drawbacks or bounties be allowed or granted, in the territories of either of the high con-
tracting parties, on the exportation of any articles to the territories of the other by sea or land,
or by inland navigation, than such as are or shall be payable, or allowed or granted, on the ex-
portation of the like articles to any other foreign country. - -
4. Restrictions on Import or Erport.—No prohibition or restriction shall be imposed upon the
importation or exportation, by sea or land, or by inland navigation, of any articles, the growth,
roduce, or manufacture of the territories of either of the high contracting parties, into or
from the territories of the other, which shall not equally extend to the like articles, the growth,
roduce, or manufactures of the territories of all other foreign Powers.
5. Tariffs.--All goods imported into the free city of Frankfort, or into the territories thereof,
from the territories of His Britannic Majesty in Europe, shall be admitted into the said free city,
and the territories thereof, on paying duties according to the tariff now in force there; and all
goods imported into the territories of His Britannic Majesty in Europe, from the said free city of
Frankfort, or the territories thereof, shall be admitted into His Britannic Majesty's said terri-
tories, on paying duties according to the several Acts of the British Parliament now in force,
respecting the trade and navigation of the United Kingdom; of which respective tariffs, authen-
ticated copies have been interchanged between the high contracting parties, at the time of the
execution of this present Convention. The high contracting parties mutually reserve to them-
selyes the right to establish all such changes as to them shall seem meet, respecting the mode of
estimating, and collecting the duties imposed by the said, respective tariffs. Should any such
change be hereafter made in the tariff of duties now payable in the territories of His Britannic
Majesty in Europe, as shall have the effect of increasing the amount of the duties payable on the
importation of any article into those territories from the free city of Frankfort, or the territories
thereof, the said free city of Frankfort reserves to itself the right of making such an addition to
their before-mentioned tariff, as shall countervail and be equal to any such increase.
6. Vessels.-The same duties, shall be paid on the importation of any articles into the terri-
tories of His Britannic Majesty in Europe, from the free city of Frankfort, and the territories
thereof, whether such importation shall be in British or in Frankfort vessels; or whether such
articles shall be transhipped at any foreign port from a Frankfort into a British vessel, or be laden
on board any such British vessel at any quay, wharf, or warehouse, at which the same may have
been discharged from any such Frankfort vessel; and, reciprocally, the same duties shall be paid
on the importation of any articles into the territories of the free city of Frankfort, or into the said


PART X.] EUROPE.-FRANKForT. 347
city from His Britannic Majesty’s territories in Europe, whether such importation shall be in
Frankfort or in British vessels; or whether such articles shall be transhipped at any foreign port
from a British into a Frankfort vessel, or be laden on board any such Frankfort vessel at any
quay, wharf, or warehouse, at which the same may have been discharged from any such British
vessel.
7. Duties, Drawbacks. &c.—The same duties shall be paid, and the same drawbacks and
bounties allowed and granted, on the exportation of any articles from the territories of His Bri-
tannic Majesty in Europe, by sea or by inland navigation, to the free city of Frankfort and the
territories thereof, whether such exportation shall be in Frankfort or in British vessels; and,
reciprocally, the same duties shall be paid, and the same bounties and drawbacks allowed, on
the exportation of any articles from the territories of the free city of Frankfort, or from the said
city by inland navigation, to His Britannic Majesty’s dominions in Europe, whether such expor-
tation shall be in British or in Frankfort vessels.
8. Tonnage Duties, &c.—No higher or other duties or charges on account of tonnage, light, or
harbour dues, pilotage, salvage in case of damage or shipwreck, or any other local charges, shall
be imposed in any of the ports of His Britannic Majesty’s dominions in Europe on Frankfort
vessels, than those payable in the same ports by British vessels; nor at Frankfort on British
vessels, than shall be payable at Frankfort on Frankfort vessels.
9. Built of Vessels.-In consideration of the limited extent of the territory belonging to the
Republic of Frankfort, it is hereby stipulated and agreed, that any vessel, being Frankfort or
British built, and being navigated by a master and a crew, three-fourths of which, at least, are
citizens or subjects of the free city of Frankfort, or of any or either of the States comprised in
the Germanic confederation, as described and enumerated in the 53d and 56th Articles of the
General Treaty of Congress, signed at Vienna on the 9th of June, 1815, such vessel, so built,
mavigated, and wholly owned by Frankfort citizens or subjects, shall, for all the purposes of this
treaty, be taken to be and considered as a vessel belonging to Frankfort.
10. Personal Property.—It is further mutually agreed, that no higher or other duties shall be
levied in the territories of either of the high contracting parties, upon any personal property of
the subjects and citizens of each, respectively, on the removal of the same from the said terri-
tories (either upon inheritance of such property or otherwise), than are or shall be payable in
each State upon the like property, when removed by a subject or citizen of such State respectively.
11. Additional Stipulations.—The high contracting parties reserve to themselves to enter upon
additional stipulations for the purpose of facilitating and extending even beyond what is compre-
hended in the treaty of this date, the commercial relations of their respective subjects and
dominions, citizens and territories, upon the principle either of reciprocal or equivalent advan-
tages, as the case may be: and in the event of any article or articles being concluded between
the said high contracting parties, for giving effect to such stipulations, it is hereby agreed
that the article or articles which may hereafter be so concluded, shall be considered as forming
part of the present treaty.
12. Germanic Confederation.—It is further understood between the high contracting powers,
that nothing in this treaty contained shall be considered as binding the free city of Frankfort in
a manner inconsistent with the obligations contracted by the said free city as a Member of the
Germanic Confederation.
13. Duration of Treaty.—The present treaty shall be in force for the term of ten years fronx
the date hereof, and further, until the end of twelve months after the King of the United King-
dom of Great Britain and Ireland, on the one part, or the Senate of the free city of Frankfort, on
the other part, shall have given motice of their intention to terminate the same; each of the said
high contracting parties reserving to itself the right of giving such notice to the other at the end
of nine years.
14. Ratification.—The present treaty shall be ratified, and the ratifications shall be exchanged
at London within the space of two months, or sooner if possible.
In witness whereof the respective Plenipotentiaries have signed the same, and have affixed
thereto the seals of their arms.
Dome at London the 13th day of May, in the year of our Lord, 1832.
PALMERstos-
A UCKLAND.
HARNIER.
HE LIGOLAND.
All manufactures of Heligoland, made of materials of foreign produce
liable to duty upon importation into the United Kingdom, upon which no
such duty has been paid, or upon which drawback of such duty has been
allowed, in the United iQingdom, shall, for the purposes of duty, be deemed
and taken to be the produce of and imported from a foreign country. 6 & 7
Vict., c. 84. § 14. [Aug. 22, 1843.]


348 EUROPE.-Meckl, EN BURG-Schwerin, &c. [1845.
MECKLENBURG SCHWERIN.—AND MECKLENBUGH
STRELITZ.
Treaty of Commerce and Navigation between Her Majesty and the Grand Duke
of Mecklenburg-Schwerin. Signed at Schwerin, May 1, 1844. [Ratifications
exchanged at Dobberan, August 10, 1844.]
Article 1.—Dues on Vesse's.--From the date of the exchange of the ratifications of the pre-
sent Treaty, British vessels arriving at, remaining in, or departing from, the ports of Mecklen-
burg-Schwerin, and vessels of Mecklenburg-Schwerin arriving at, remaining in, or departing
from, the ports of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, or of Her Britannic Ma-
jesty’s possessions abroad, shall be subject to no other or higher dues or charges, of whatsoever
nature they may be, than those which are now, or shall hereafter be, imposed upon mational ves-
sels, on their arrival at, during their remaining in, or on their departure from such ports. -
2. Vessels in which Goods may be Imported and Exported.—19. All articles of the growth,
produce, or manufacture of the dominions of His Royal Highness the Grand Duke of Mecklen-
burg-Schwerin, which are or shall be permitted to be exported from the ports of Mecklenburg-
Schwerin, in vessels of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, shall likewise be permitted to be exported from
those ports in British vessels, either to the ports of the United Kingdom, or of Her Britannic
Majesty’s possessions abroad, or to the ports of any other foreign country.
2°. All articles of the growth, produce, or manufacture of the dominions of Her Britannic
Majesty, which are or shall be permitted to be exported from the ports of the United Kingdom.
of Great Britain and Ireland, or of Her Britannic Majesty’s possessions abroad, in British ves-
sels, shall likewise be permitted to be exported from those ports in vessels of Mecklenburg-
Schwerin, either to the ports of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, or to the ports of any other foreign
country.
º articles of the growth, produce, or manufacture of the dominions of His Royal High-
ness the Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, which are or shall be permitted to be imported
in British vessels, from the ports of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, or from the ports of any other
foreign country, into the ports of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, shall like-
wise be permitted to be imported from and into those ports, respectively, in vessels of Mecklen-
burg-Schwerin.
49. All articles of the growth, produce, or manufacture of the dominions of His Royal High-
mess the Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, which are or shall be permitted to be imported
in British vessels, from the ports of Mecklenburg. Schwerin into the ports of Her Britannic Ma-
jesty's possessions abroad, shall likewise be permitted to be imported from the ports of Meck-
lenburg-Schwerin into the ports of Her Britannic Majesty’s possessions abroad in vessels of
Mecklenburg-Schwerin.
5°. All articles of the growth, produce, or manufacture of the dominions of Her Britannie
Majesty, which are or shall be permitted to be imported into the ports of Mecklenburg-Schwerin,
in vessels of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, shall likewise be permitted to be imported into those ports :
in British vessels, either from the ports of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, or
of Her Britannic Majesty's possessions abroad, or from the ports of any other foreign country.
3. Duties, &c. on Import.—All articles whatsoever which may now or hereafter be legally im-
ported into the ports of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Iºnd, or of Her Britannic
Majesty’s possesions abroad, in vessels of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, or into the ports of Mecklen-
burg-Schwerin, in British vessels, shall, on their importation, be subject to the same duties of
importation, dues, and charges, and be entitled to the same bounties and allowances, whether
such articles be imported in vessels of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, or in British vessels.
4. Duties, &c. on Erport–All articles whatsoever, which may now or hereafter be legally
exported from the ports of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, or of Her Britan.
nic Majesty’s possessions abroad, in vessels of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, or from the ports of
Mecklenburg-Schwerin, in British vessels, shall, on their exportation, be subject to the same
duties of exportation, dues, and charges, and be entitled to the same bounties, drawbacks, and
allowances, whether such articles be exported in British vessels, or in vessels of Mecklenburg-
Schwerin.
5. Vessels and Cargoes from Barth, Stralsund, Griefswald, Wolgast and Stettin, and Ports
in the Trave, Elbe, Meuse, or Oder.--In consideration of British vessels, together with their
cargoes, being by the laws of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, admitted to entry in the ports of the Grand
Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, when coming from the ports of all countries ; and in con-
sideration of British trade and navigation with Mecklenburg-Schwerin being placed upon the
footing of the most favoured mation; having regard also to the facility which the application of
steam power to inland navigation affords for the conveyance of produce and merchandize of all
kinds up and down rivers; and to the new opening which may by these means be given to the
trade and navigation between the United Kingdom and Her Britannic Majesty’s possessions
abroad, on the one hand, and the Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin on the other; it is
agreed that vessels of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, together with their cargoes, consisting of all such
goods as for the time being may or can be legally imported into the United Kingdom and Her
Britannic Majesty's possessions abroad, by the said vessels, from any port of Mecklenburg-
Schwerin, shall, when coming from the ports of Barth, Stralsund, Greifswald, Wolgast, and
Stettin, or from the ports in the Trave, Elbe, or Meuse, or in any other river between the Elbe
and Meuse, or between the Trave, and the Oder, be admitted into the ports of the United
Kingdom and of Her Britannic Majesty's possessions abroad, on the same terms as if the ports
from which such vessels may come, as aforesaid, were within the dominions of the Grand Í).uke
of Mecklenburg-Schwerin; and such vessels shall be permitted to import such goods as aforesaid,
upon the same terms on which such goods might be imported if coming from ports of Mecklen.


PART X. EUROPE.—MecKLENBURG Schwerin, &c. 349
burg-Schwerin; and also, that such vessels proceeding from the United Kingdom or Her
Britannic Majesty’s possessions abroad, to the ports aforesaid, shall be treated as if returning to
a port of Mecklenburg-Schwerin. -
'And it is hereby agreed, that the privileges granted by the 5th article of this Treaty, shall
continue only so long as British vessels and British trade and navigation shall continue to enjoy
the advantages in consideration of which the said privileges are hereinbefore mentioned to have
been conceded.
And further, that the said privileges shall extend and be continued to the vessels of Mecklen-
burg-Schwerin, in respect to the ports named and referred to in this article, only so long as
British vessels and their cargoes shall, upon their arrival thereat, during their remaining therein,
and upon their departure therefrom, be placed upon the same footing as vessels of Mecklenburg-
Schwerim.
6. Mecklenburg-Strelitz.-The engagements entered into by the present Treaty having for
their object the extension of the commercial relations between the territories of Her Majesty the
Queen of Great Britain and Ireland, and the territories belonging to the Grand Ducal Houses of
Mecklenburg, the contracting parties agree to invite His Royal Highness the Grand Duke of
Mechlenburg-Strelitz to accede to the same. -
7. Continuance—The present convention shall be in force until the 1st of January, 1848; and
further for the term of six years, provided that neither of the high contracting parties shall have
given to the other six months’ notice that the same shall cease to be in force on the said 1st of
January, 1848; and if neither party shall have given to the other six months’ previous notice
that the present convention shall cease on the 1st of January, 1848, then the present convention
shall further remain in force until the 1st of January, 1854; and further until the end of twelve
months after either of the high contracting parties shall have given notice to the other of its
intention to terminate the same, each of the high contracting parties reserving to itself the right
of giving such notice to the other; and it is hereby agreed between them, that at the expiration
of twelve months after such notice shall have been received by either party from the other, this
convention, and all the provisions thereof, shall altogether cease and determine.
8- Ratification —The present treaty shall be ratified, and the ratifications thereof shall be
exchanged at London at the expiration of two calendar months or sooner if possible.
In witness whereof the respective plenipotentiaries have signed the same, and have affixed
thereto the seals of their arms.
Done at Schwerin, the 1st May, 1844. .
G. LLoyd Hodges.
L. v. LUTzow.
Treaty containing the Accession of the Grand Duke of Mecklenburgh-Strelitz
to the Preceding Treaty. Signed at Schwerin, May 1, 1844. [Ratifications
exchanged at Dobberan, August 10, 1844.]
Article 1–Accession of the Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz.-His Royal Highness the
Grand Duke of Mecklenburgh-Strelitz accedes to all the stipulations of the Treaty of Commerce
and Navigation concluded on 1st of May, 1844, between Her Majesty the Queen of the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and His Royal Highness the Grand Duke of Mecklen-
burg-Schwerin, the Articles of which are, word for word, as follows:–
[Here follow the Articles of the preceding Treaty.]
T 2. Stipulations of preceding Treaty.—Her Britannic Majesty and His Royal Highness the
Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin accept the said accession', and, in consequence, the
three contracting parties engage to consider all the stipulations of the above-mentioned Treaty
as applicable to the commerce, mavigation and territories of His Royal Highness the Graná
Puke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, so far as the laws of the respective countries permit of their being
thus applied. rºm
3. Ratification.--The present Treaty shall be ratified, and the ratifications shall be exchanged
at the expiration of two months, or sooner if possible.
In witness whereof the respective Plenipotentiaries have signed the same, and have affixed
thereto the seals of their arms.
Done at Schwerin, the 1st May, 1844.
G. LLoyd Hodges.
L. v. LUTzow.
W. v. BERNSTORFF.
-
By 9. C., September 3, 1844, for the considerations mentioned in the foregoing treaty,
Her Majesty, by the advice of Her Privy Council, is pleased, in pursuance of the power and
authority vested in Her, to order and declare," that vessels of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, together
with their cargoes, consisting of all such goods as, for the time being, may or can be legally im-
ported into the United Kingdom and Her Majesty’s possessions abroad, by the said vessels, from
any.K. of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, shall, when coming from the ports of Barth, Stralsund,
Greifswald, Wolgast, and Stettin, or from the ports in the Trave, Élbe, or Meuse, or in any
other river between the Elbe and the Meuse, or between the Trave and the Oder, be admitted
into the ports of the United Kingdom and of Her Majesty's possessions abroad, on the same
terms as if the ports from which such vessels may come as aforesaid, were within the dominions
of the Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin; and such vessels shall be permitted to import
such goods as aforesaid, upon the same terms on which such goods might be imported, if coming
from the ports of Mecklenburgh-Schwerin; and also that such vessels proceeding from the


350 EUROPE.-Mecklenburg-Schweris, &c. [1845.
United Kingdom, or Her Majºsty's possessions abroad, to the ports aforesaid, shall be treated as . .
if returning to a port of Mecklenburgh-Schwerin;
--
-
Provided, nevertheless, that the privileges hereby granted shall continue only so long as British --
vessels, and British trade and navigation, shall continue to enjoy the advantages in consideration
of which the said privileges are mentioned in the said recited article to have been conceded; and
that the said privileges shall extend and be continued to the vessels of Mcchlenburg-Schwerin, in
respect of the ports referred to in the article and herein, only so long as British vessels and their
cargoes shall, upon their arrival thereat, during their remaining therein, and upon their departure
therefrom, be placed on the same footing as vessels of Mecklenburg-Schwerin;
And whereas by the sixth article of the said treaty it was agreed to invite His Royal Highness
the Grand Duke of Mecklenburgh-Strelitz to accede to the same, and accordingly a treaty has
been concluded between Her Majesty and the Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin:
Now, therefore, in consideration of British trade and navigation with Mecklenburg-Strelitz
being placed upon a footing of the most favoured nation, Her Majesty, by the advice of Her Privy
Council, is pleased, to order and declare, that vessels of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, together with their
cargoes, consisting of all such goods as, for the time being, could by law be imported into the
United Kingdom and Her Majesty's possessiºns abroad, by the said vessels, from Mecklenburg-
Strelitz, shall, when coming from the ports of Barth, Stralsund, Greifswald, Wolgast, and Stettin,
or from the ports in the Trave, Elbe, or Meuse, or in any other river between the Elbe and Meuse,
or between the Trave and the Oder, he admitted into the ports of the United Kingdom and of
Her Majesty's possessions abroad, on the same terms as if the ports for which such vessels may
come as aforesaid, where within the dominions of the Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz; and
such vessels shall be permitted to import such goods as aforesaid, upon the same terms on which
such goods might have been imported, if imported from the dominions of the Grand Duke of
Mecklenburg-Strelitz; and also ". such vessels proceeding from the United Kingdom, or Her
Majesty's possessions abroad, to the ports aforesaid, shall be treated as if returning to the do-
minions of the Grand Duke of Mecklenburgh-Strelitz:
Provided, nevertheless, that the privileges hereby granted to the vessels of Mecklenburg-
Strelitz and their cargoes, shall continue only so long as British vesssels, and British trade and
navigation, shall continue to enjoy, with respect to Mecklenburg-Strelitz, the advantages of the
most favoured nation; and that these privileges shall extend and be continued to the vessels of
Mecklenhurg-Strelitz, in respect of the ports aforesaid, only so long as British vessels and their
cargoes shall, upon their arrival thereat, during their remaining therein, and upon their departure
therefrom, be placed on the same footing as the vessels of Mecklenburg-Strelitz.
C. C. GREville.
-
Whereas by an Act of 3 & 4 W. 4, c. 59, p. 298, after reciting that, by the Law of Nayigation,
foreign ships are permitted to º: into any of the British possessions abroad, from the
countries to which they belong, goods, the produce of those countries, and to export goods from
such possessions, to be carried to any foreign country whatever; and that it is expedient that
such permission should be subject to certain conditions, it is cnacted that the lº. thereby
granted to foreign ships shall be limited to the ships of those countries which, having colonial
possessions, shall grant the like privileges of trading with those possessions to British ships, or
which, not having colonial possessions, shall place the commerce and navigation of this country,
and of its possessions abroad, upon the footing of the most favoured nation, unless His Majesty,
by his §3. in Council, shall in any case deem it expedient to grant the whole or any of such
privileges to the ships of any foreign country, although the conditions aforesaid, shall not, in all
respects, be fulfilled by such foreign country, and it is thereby provided, that no foreign country
shall be deemed to have fulfilled the before-mentioned conditions, or to be entitled to the privil
leges aforesaid, unless and until His Majesty shall, by some Order or Orders to be by him made,
by the advice of his Privy Council, have declared that such foreign country hath so fulfilled the
said conditions, and is entitled to the said privileges:
And whereas it hath been made to appear to the satisfaction of Her Majesty in Council, that
the governments of Mecklenburg-Schwerin and Mechlenburg-Strelitz, having no colonial
possessions, have, respectively, placed the commerce and navigation of this country, and of its
possessions abroad, upon the footing of the most favoured nation:
Now, therefore, in pursuance and exercise of the powers in that behalf vested, Her Majesty,
by and with the advice of her Privy Council, doth declare that the Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg.
Schwerin, and Grand Duchy Mecklenburg-Strelitz have, respectively, fulfilled the conditions
required by the said Act as hereinbefore mentioned, and are accordingly entitled to the privileges
aforesaid:
OLDENBURG.
Principal Ports.-Brake, Elsfleth, Hookslel, Hornummersiel, Hunte,
Jever, Jahde, Kniphausen, Mariansiel, Rusterseil, Strohausen, Steenhausen,
Varel.
Treaty of Commerce and Navigation between Her Majesty and the Grand Duke
of Oldenburg, signed at London, April 4, 1844. Ratifications earchanged at
London, April 30, 1844.
Article 1.--Dues on Wessels-From the date of the exchange of the ratifications of the present
treaty, British vessels arriving at, remaining in, or departing from, the ports of the Grand Duchy .
of Oldenburg, and vessels of the Grand Duchy of Oſdenburg arriving at, remaining in, or de-
-
-


PART X.] EUROPE.-OLDENBURG. 351
parting from the ports of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, or of Her Britannic
Majesty's possessions abroad, shall be subject to no other or higher dues or charges, of what-
soever nature they may be, than those which are now, or shall hereafter be imposed upon ma-
tional vessels, on their arrival at, during their remaining in, or on their departure from such
orts.
p 2. Vessels in which goods may be imported and exported.—1°. All articles of the growth, pro-
duce, or manufacture of the dominions of His Royal Highness the Grand Duke of Oldenburg,
which are or shall be permitted to be exported from the ports of Oldenburg in vessels of Olden-
burg, shall likewise be permitted to be exported from those ports in British vessels, either to the
ports of the United Kingdom or of Her Britannic Majesty's possessions abroad, or to the ports
of any other foreign country.
2°. All articles of the growth, produce, or manufacture of the dominions of Her Britannic
Majesty, which are or shall be permitted to be exported from the ports of the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland, or of Her Britannic Majesty’s possessions abroad, in British
vessels, shall likewise be permitted to be exported from those ports in vessels of Oldenburg,
either to the ports of Oldenburg, or to the ports of any other foreign country.
39. All articles of the growth, produce, or manufacture of the dominions of His Royal Highness
the Grand Duke of Oldenburg, which are or shall be permitted to be imported in British vessels,
from the ports of Oldenburg, or from the ports of any other foreign country, into the ports of
the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, or from the ports of Oldenburg into the
ports of Her Britannic Majesty’s possessions abroad, shall likewise be permitted to be imported
in vessels of Oldenburg.
49. All articles of the growth, produce, or manufacture of the dominions of Her Britannic
Majesty, which are or shall be permitted to be imported into the ports of Oldenburg in vessels
of Oldenburg, shall likewise be permitted to be imported into those ports in British vessels,
either from the ports of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, or Her Britannic
Majesty's possessions abroad, or from the ports of any other foreign country.
3. Duties, &c. on import.—All articles whatsoever, which can be legally imported into the
ports of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, or of Her Britannic Majesty's pos-
sessions abroad, in vessels of Oldenburg, or into the ports of Oldenburg in British vessels, shall,
on their importation, be subject to the same duties of importation, dues, and charges, and be
entitled to the same bounties, drawbacks, and allowances, whether such articles be imported in
vessels of the one or the other country.
4. Duties, &c. on export.—All articles, whatsoever, which can legally be exported from the
ports of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, or of Her Britannic Majesty's pos-
sessions abroad, in vessels of Oldenburg, or from the ports of Oldenburg, in British vessels,
shall, on their exportation, be subject to the same duties of exportation, dues, and charges,
and be entitled to the same bounties, drawbacks, and allowances, whether such articles be
exported in vessels of the one or of the other country.
5. Elbe, Ems, Weser and Meuse.—In consideration of British vessels, together with their
cargoes, being by the laws of Oldenburg admitted to entry in the ports of Oldenburg, when
coming from the ports of all countries; and in consideration of British trade and navigation
with Oldenburg being placed upon the footing of the most favoured nation; having regard also
to the facility which the application of steam power to inland navigation affords for the convey-
ance of produce and merchandise of all kinds up and down rivers, and to the new opening which
may by these means be given to the trade and navigation between the United Kingdom and Her
Britannic Majesty's possessions abroad, on the one hand, and the Grand Duchy of Oldenburg
on the other:-it is agreed that vessels of Oldenburg, together with their cargoes, consisting of
all such goods as for the time being may or can be legally imported into the United Kingdom
and Her Britannic Majesty's possessions abroad by the said vessels, from any port of Oldenburg,
shall, when coming from the ports of the Elbe, the Ems, the Weser, or the Mieuse, or any other
navigable river between the Elbe and the Meuse, be admitted into the ports of the United King-
dom and of Her Britannic Majesty's possessions abroad, on the same terms as if the ports from
which such vessels may come as aforesaid, were within the dominions of the Grand Duke of Old-
enburg; and such vessels shall be permitted to import such goods as aforesaid upon the same
terms on which such goods might be imported if coming from the ports of Oldenburg; and also,
that such vessels proceeding from the United Kingdom, or Her Britannic Majesty's possessions
abroad, to the ports aforesaid, shall be treated as if returning to a port of Oldenburg.
And it is hereby agreed, that the privileges granted by the Vth Article of this Treaty, shall
continue only so long as British vessels and British trade and navigation shall continue to enjoy
the advantages, in consideration of which the said privileges are hereinbefore mentioned to have
been conceded.
And further, that the said privileges shall extend and be continued to the vessels of Oldenburg,
in respect to the ports referred to in this article, only so long as British vessels and their cargoes
shall, upon their arrival thereat, during their remaining therein, and upon their departure there-
from, be placed upon the same footing as vessels of Oldenburg.
6. Continuance.—The present convention shall be in force until the 1st of January, 1848, and
further for the term of six years, provided that neither of the high contracting parties shall have
given to the other six months’ notice that the same shall cease to be in force on the said 1st of
January, 1848; and if neither party shall have given to the other six months’ previous notice
that the present convention shall cease on the 1st of January, 1848, then the present convention
shall further remain in force until the 1st of January, 1854: and further, until the end of twelve
months after either of the high contracting parties shall have given notice to the other of its
intention to terminate the same, each of the high contracting powers reserving to itself the right
of giving such notice to the other. And it is hereby agreed between them, that at the expiration
of twelve months after such notice shall have been received by either party from the other, this
convention, and all the provisions thereof, shall altogether cease and determine.
7. Ratification.—Thé present convention shall be ratified, and the ratifications thereof shall
be exchanged at London at the expiration of two months or sooner if possible.
In witness;whereof, the respective Plenipotentiaries have signed the same, and have affixed
thereto the seals of their arms.
-


352 EUROPE.—OLDENBURG. [1845.
Done at London, the fourth day of April, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred
and forty-four.
ABERDEEN.
W. E. GLADST on E.
H. F. TIARKs.
By O. C., Sept. 3, 1844, it is ordered, that vessels of Oldenburg, together with their cargoes,
consisting of all such goods as, for the time being, may or can be legally imported into: the
United Kingdom and Her Britannic Majesty’s possessions abroad, by the said vessels, from
any port of Oldenburg, shall, when coming from the ports of the Elbe, the Ems, the Weser,
or the Meuse, or any other navigable river between the Elbe and the Meuse, be admitted into
the ports of the United Kingdom and of Her Majesty's possessions abroad, on the same terms
as # the ports from which such vessels may come as aforesaid were within the dominions of the
Grand Duke of Oldenburg; and such vessels shall be permitted to import such goods as afore-
said, upon the same terms on which such goods might be imported, if coming from the ports of
Oldenburg; and also that such vessels, proceeding from the United Kingdom or Her Majesty's
ossessions abroad to the ports aforesaid, shall be treated as if returning to a port of Olden-
Ourg :
Fixiled, nevertheless, that the privileges hereby granted shall continue only so long as British
vessels, and British trade and navigation, shall continue to enjoy the advantages, in consi-
deration of which the said privileges are mentioned in the said article to have been conceded,
and that the said privileges shall extend and be continued to the vessels of Oldenburg, in respect
of the ports to which such privileges relate, only so long as British vessels and their cargoes
shall, upon their arrival thereat, during their remaining therein, and upon their departure there-
from, be placed on the same footing as vessels of Oldenburg.
OFFICIAL NOTIFICATION RESPECTING THE LAYING DOWN OF
BUOYS IN THE RIVER JAHDE.
[Translation.]
A close examination of the sands at the mouth of the Jahde and subsequent
changes have rendered it necessary to increase the number of buoys, and to make
some alterations in the placing of them.
The following regarding their position is herewith publicly made known:—
The course of the Jahde is marked at present by 12 buoys, of which seven lie
behind Wangeroge and the Minsen-Olde-Oog, and five in the Upper Jahde, from
Hooksiel as far as the Aberahn Felds, viz.:-
First.—Behind Wangeroge and the Minsen-Olde-Oog.
On entering—
A–On the larboard side.
1. At the beginning of the Jahde Plate is a white buoy with black stripes, and
marked on its uppermost side with a crown and “Jahde,” lying at low ebb in 4}
fathoms of water.
Wangeroge Light bearing - . S.W. 4 W.
Minsen - - - S. # W.
Weser Schlussel Buoy . - . N. by E. # E.
2. At the end of the Jahde Plate, the length of which is 45,000 feet, is a white
buoy in six fathoms water.
Wangeroge Light bearing - ... W.N.W.
Minsen and Buoy E. • - S.W. J. W.
Weser Light-vessel - - . E. by N. ; N.
Sengwarden - - - S.W. H. W.
B—On the starboard side, off the Plate, the length of which is 30,000 feet,
which commences north of the Blanc Balge, and E. by N. & N. of the Wangeroge
Lighthouse, and goes thence as far as the Minsen-Olde-Oog, is
3. Black Buoy A, lying in 5 fathoms of water.
Wangeroge Light bearing - . W. by S. # S. rº.
Minsen • • - S.W.
Weser Schlussel Buoy . • . S.W. º
4. Black buoy B, lying in 4% fathoms of water.
Wangeroge Light bearing - . W. H. S.
Minsen . • - - S. by W. & W.
Weser Signal-vessel - - . E.


PART X.] EUROPE. –OLDENBURG. 353
5. Black buoy C, lying in 5% fathoms water.
Wangeroge Light e - . W. 3 N.
Minsen - - - S.W. by S. # S.
Weser Signal-vessel - - E.S.E. : S.
6. Black buoy D, lying in 5 fathoms water.
Wangeroge Light * - ... W. by N. J. N.
Minsen - •e --> S.W. J. S.
Weser Signal-vessel - - - E. # S.
7. Black buoy E., lying in 5 fathoms water.
Wangeroge Light - - . N.W. by W. & W.
Minsen - -- S.W. J. W.
Weser Signal-vessel - E.N.E. H. E
Second White Buoy N.E., E.
Sengwarden - S. by W. J. W.
Second–In the Upper Jahde.
C—On the starboard side, off the Vaslappen Plate.
8. Black buoy F, lying in 5 fathoms water.
Bremerhaved bearing - ~ . E.N.E. E.
Hooksiel Hill W.; N.
Sengwarden - y S.W. J. W.
9. Black buoy G, lying in 5 fathoms water.
Bremerhaven bearing N.E. J. E.
Hooksel Hill - N.W.
Sengwarden s -- • W. by N.
Kopperhorner Mill - - S.S.W. J. W.
£)—On the starboard side, at the end of the Hoppenser Plate.
10. Black buoy H, lying in 4 fathoms water.
Sengwarden bearing -- - - N.W. by N.
Hoppeºger Mill . - o W. by N.
Eckwarden Mill •o -- - E.S.E.
E—On the starboard side, after having passed the Varelersiel, and before the
meeting of the Marienseler Tiefs and Strinhausen Tiefs.
11. Red buoy in 3 fathoms water.
Kopperhorner Mili, bearing - . N.W. 4 W.
Eckwarden Mill - - - E.
Schwerburger Mill * - . S. E.
F—On the starboard side, after having passed the Varelersiel,
32. White buoy, lying in 2% fathoms water.
Kopperhorner Mill, bearing N.W. by N.
Eckwarden Mill - -> N.E. by E. H. E.
Schwerburger Mill S. # E.
{}n entering, vessels must take the following course:—
a. From the buoy A to B, E.S.E. Width of the stream, 3,000 feet; depth
of the same, 4 to 6 fathoms.
b. From the buoy B to C, S.E. E. Width of the stream 2,500 feet; depth
of the same, 5 to 6% fathoms.
c. From the buoy C to D, S.S.E. # E. Width of the stream, 3,000 feet;
depth of the same, 5 to 7 fathoms.
d. From the buoy D to E, south. Width of the stream, 3,500 feet; depth of
the same, 5 to 7 fathoms.
e. From the buoy, E to F, S. + W. Width of the stream, 8,000 to 10,000
feet; depth, 6 to 6; fathoms. -
South of the buoy E., at a distance of from 5,000 to 6,000 feet, runs the strand
of Minsen-Old-Oog, of 4 fathoms depth, close to the marked course, and in the
direction from F to the Bremerbake, the width of the river is only 5,000 feet,
there being two sands E.N.E. of F, where there are only 23 to 4 fathoms.
Water.
f. From the buoy F to G, and as far as the Rustringersiel Aussentief, S. & E.
Width of the stream, 7,000 feet, and before the Rustringersiel Aussentief, only
3,500 feet; depth of the stream, 5 to 6 fathoms. 2
| A


3.54 EUROPE.—OLDENBURG. [1845.
g. From the Rustringersiel Aussentief, as far as the buoy H, S. by W. Width
of the stream, 3,500 feet; depth, 5 to 8% fathoms.
h. From the buoy H beyond the red buoy, as far as the white buoy, S. by W.
Width of the stream, 4,000 feet; depth, 8% to 3 fathoms.
i. From the white buoy as far as the Varelen roads, S. by E. # E. Width of
the stream, 2,500 feet; depth, 3, 2}, and 1% fathoms.
Of these buoys the one marked “ Jahde,” will remain moored during the
winter; the buoys 2 to 7 will be replaced in the beginning of November by Bogin;
the buoys 8 to 12 will be then removed altogether. All the buoys removed in
November will be replaced in spring, as soon as the weather permits of it.
TONNAGE IDUTY.
In order to cover the expenses of these buoys, a tonnage of eight groschen
(gold) for each oat last of the burden of a vessel entering the Jahde will be levied.
Such tonnage must be paid to the receiver appointed by the Bailieship of Minsen,
by all vessels of five oat lasts and upwards, whether they seek a place of refuge or
freight, or to discharge their cargo, if they come to an anchor in the Jahde, south
of the black buoy E, sub. No. 7, or if they visit a port or creek of the Jahde.
Each vessel will, however, only once a year be liable to pay tonnage.
All bailieships bordering on the Jahde are hereby ordered, at the request of
the lawful receivers of such tonnage, to assist in levying it in the same manner
as other public taxes, and to decide in cases of dispute according to the fore-
going regulations. From the decision of such bailieship, an appeal can only be
made to the Government.
MUTZENBECHER.
Grand Ducal Government, BUCHOLTZ.
Oldenburg, June 4, 1844.
FRANCE.
Principal Ports.-Auray, Abbeville, Bordeaux, Boulogne, Bayonne,
Brest, Beauvoir, Barfleur, Bastia, Calais, Candebec, Charente, Caen, Cher-
bourg, Carentan, Cancale, Conquet, Camaret, Croisie, Crotoy, Cette, Dieppe,
Dunkirk, D'Omonville, Devise, Dialette, Estaples, Fecamp, Guildo,
Gravelines, Granville, Havre de Grace, Honfleur, Harfleur, Isigny,
L'Orient, Landerman, Lannion, La IIogue, Luo, Marans, Morlaix, Mar-
seilles, Nantes, Normentiers, Oleron, Paimpol, Pont L’Abbe, Port Vendre,
Pontrieux, Quimper, Rouen, Rochelle, Rochfort, Rochebernard, Roscof,
Reignville, Sables D'Olonne, Servan, St. Brieux, St. Jean de Lug, St.
Maloes, St. Martin, St. Vallery, Teste, Treguir, Tremblade, Treport, Tre-
uville, Toulon, Vallery, or St. Vallery, Vannes.
Convention of Commerce between His Majesty and the Most Christian King,
together with two additional Articles thereunto annered, signed at London,
January 26, 1826. -
Duration.—The present convention shall be in force for the term of ten years, from the 5th
of April of the present year; and further, until the end of twelve months after either of the
high contracting parties shall have given notice to the other of its intention to tertiminate its
operation; each of the high contracting parties reserving to itself the right of giving such notice
to the other, at the end of the said term of ten years; and it is agreed between them, that, at
the end of the twelve months’ extension agreed to on both sides, this convention, and all the
stipulations thereof, shall altogether cease and determine.
Ratification.—The present convention shall be ratified, and the ratification shall be exchanged
in London, within the space of one month, or sooner if possible.
In witness whereof the respective plenipotentiaries have signed the same, and have affixed
hereto the seals of their arms.
Done at London, the 26th day of January, in the year of our Lord 1826.
GEoRGE CANNING. -
WILLIAM HUSKIsson. LE PRINCE DE POLIGNAC.
[The aforegoing convention was given at large in the Journal for several years. As, however,
the 1 parts are embodied in the sub t orders, it is now removed to make room for
new matter.—Ed.]


PART X.] EUROPE.—FRANCE. 355
ORDER FOR CARRYING TREATY INTO EFFECT.
By Treasury Letter, dated March 28, 1826, French vessels and their cargoes, legally imported
or exported on board the same, according to the terms of the convention in the preceding pages,
are from 5th April, 1826, to be charged with such and the like duties only, of whatever kind they
may be, that are charged on British vessels and similar cargoes laden on board thereof; and in
like manner the same bounties, drawbacks, and allowances are to be paid on articles exported in
French vessels that are paid, granted, or allowed on similar articles exported in British vessels.
And the necessary instructions are to be transmitted to the officers in the colonies for carrying
into effect the stipulations contained in the two additional articles of the said convention respect-
ing the French vessels and their cargoes from the 1st October, 1826.
BRITISH POSSESSIONS ABROAD.
By O. C., June 1, 1826, whereas, by an Act [now 3 & 4 W. 4, c. 59, [p. 41, foreign ships
permitted to import, into any of the British possessions abroad, from the countries to which
they belong, goods, the produce of those countries, and to export goods from such possessions,
to be carried to any foreign country whatever; and it is expedient that such permission should
be subject to certain conditions; it is enacted that the privileges thereby granted to foreign
ships shall be limited to the ships of those countries which, having colonial possessions, shall
grant the like privileges of trading with those possessions to British ships; unless His Majesty,
by his order in council, shall in any case deem it expedient to grant the whole, or any, of such
privileges to the ships of any foreign country, although the conditions aforesaid shall not, in all
respects, be fulfilled by such foreign country: And whereas the conditions mentioned in the said
Act have not in all respects been fulfilled by the Government of France; but nevertheless His
Majesty doth deem it expedient to grant certain of the privileges aforesaid to the ships of France;
His Majesty doth therefore declare that it shall he lawful for French ships to import into any of
the British possessions in the West Indies and America, from the dominions of His Most Chris-
tian Majesty, such goods being the produce of those dominions as are mentioned in the table
subjoined to this present order, and to export goods from such British possessions, to be carried
to any foreign country whatever:
t.Ab LE REFERRED TO.
Wheat. Rye. Red oak staves or head- Live stock.
Flour. Callavances. ings. Hay and straw, .
Biscuit. Oats, White oak staves or Coim and bullion. -
Bread. Barley. headings. Diamonds.
Meal. Indian corm. Wood. Salt.
Peas. Rice. Lumber. Fruit and vegetables fresh.
Beans. Shingles. Wood hoops. Cottom wool.
All articles subject on importation to a duty ad valorem, and on which articles the amount of
such duty shall not at the time of exportation exceed £7 10s. the £100 value.
1. By O. C., Dec. 16, 1826, it shall be lawful for French ships to import into the island of Mau-
ritius, from the dominions of His Most Christian Majesty, such goods, being the produce of
º: dominions, as are mentioned in the table subjoined to the foregoing order in Council of
une 1, 1826.
By O. C., July 16, 1827, His Majesty doth declare that it shall be lawful for French ships to
import into the British possessions on the Western coast of Africa, and into the colony of the
Cape of Good Hope, and into the island of Ceylon, and into His Majesty's settlements in the
island of New Holland, and into the island of Van Diemen’s Land, and into the several
islands, and territories dependent upon and belonging to the several settlements or colonies
aforesaid, from the dominions of His Most Christian Majesty, such goods being the produce of
those dominions, as are mentioned in the table subjoined to the above order in council of
1st June, 1826.
WINE.
By O. C., July 16, 1827, neither of the preceding orders is to extend to authorise, the importa-
tion by French ships into any of the British possessions in the west Indies and America, or
into the island of Mauritius, from the dominions of His Most Christian Majesty, of any wine,
being the produce of those dominions.
IN ACCURATE CHARTS OF THE FRENCH COAST.
We publish the following extract from a private letter just received from
Etaples, in the hope that it will attract attention in the proper quarter, and lead
to the adoption of measures tending to prevent the recurrence of such terrible
calamities as the wreck of the Reliance, the Conqueror, and other vessels upon the
French coast –“ On Saturday I went to visit the scene of the wreck of the Con-
queror, and yesterday that of the wreck of the Reliance, the one on the right, and
the other on the left of the Bay of Etaples. has placed the figure-head of
the Conqueror in his garden ; it was quite shattered, but he had it repaired. He
2 A 2


356 EUROPE.-FRANCE. [1845.
purchased many of the relics washed on sbore; among others the geographical
charts of the captain, who probably owed his calamities to an inaccuracy in the
chart of this part of the French coast. These charts are dated 1816, and entitled
• A new Chart of part of the south coast of England, extending from the Downs to
Spithead.” They indicate neither the double light on Touquet Point, which is on
the left bank of the mouth of the Canche, nor the light on Point Ornel, called, on the
chart in question, ‘Pointe de l'Orient,’ which is on the right bank. You will do
well to get this inaccuracy noticed in the journals as speedily as possible, and will
thereby prevent further disasters. During the thirty years that I have known this
coast, more than a hundred vessels have been lost upon it; and I have not the least
doubt, that, without due precaution, you will next winter have to deplore fresh cala-
mities. The flat sandy shore from the mouth of the Autlise to that of the Canche
is, in my opinion, even more dangerous than Eddystone rocks. A lighthouse of the
first class ought to have been erected long ago; but it remains undone.”—Times,
Sept. 21, 1844.
[One principal object of “Pope's Journal of Trade,” is to remedy this state of
things.—Ed.]
HIONFLEUR HARBOUR LIGHT.
Hydrographic Office, Admiralty, Dec. 1843.
A fixed red light is to be shown this day on the head of the new eastern pier of
Honfleur, and the old light, about 600 yards south-east thereof, will be discon-
tinued. The new light is 36 feet above the level of the sea, and is visible about
eight miles.
TARIFF.
A royal Ordinance was issued in Sept. 1844, directing that the Customs tariff
shall be established or modified as follows for the subjoined articles:— -
Wood of gayac or cedar, in French vessels, imported from countries situate out
of Europe, are to pay one-half of the existing duties.
Woods for cabinet-work from Senegal and French Guyana, without any dis-
tinction of species, one-half of the existing duties.
Wood of call cedra, or fragrant cedra, the same duties as cedar-wood.
Threads and cloths of phormium tenax, wild banana, called abaca, and jute, per
100 kilogrammes:
blººd
Raw. pºd. Dyed.
Threads without any distinction in the de-
gree of fineness - - - - 60 80 80
Linens and other cloths, numbering in the
space of 5 milimetres: -
Less than 8 threads . - . 77 107 107
8 threads - - - - - 90 126 126
9, 10, and 11 threads . - - 129 194 194
Above, the same duties as on hempen and flaxen linen cloth.
Horse-hair undressed, in French vessels, 1 fr. per 100 kilogrammes.
Castine or smelting-powder, the same duty as iron ore.
Oil of Touloucouna, Ellipe, or Illipe, the same duties as palm or cocoa oil.


PART X.] EUROPE.-FRANCE, 357
TARIFF–continued.
MACHINERY AND ENGINEs.-Complete apparatusses, worked by steam.
- Per 100 kilogrammes.
Fixed • - o > - . 30
For navigation - - - - - 45
Locomotives without tenders - . 65
Not worked by steam.
For spinning flax and hemp - - 65
Others - - • - > . 45
For weaving flax and hemp - - • - 20
Others - - - - - , 20
Cards not mounted for flax and hemp - - - 40
Others • - - - - . 30
Lace-looms made on the plan of Jacquard . - - 80
Machinery for making paper • - - . 40
Machine for printing letters and stuffs - - - 40
For agriculture and waggons used in the construction of embankments,
with wooden boxes and cast iron wheels - 25
Tenders, boilers, gasometers, apparatusses for distilling, evaporating
preparing syrups, and warming by steam, and calorifeires, in iron ºf 45
Ditto ditto, in copper - - - 60
~5 100 kilogrammes, at least - - - . 80
§ From 100 kilogrammes, exclusively, to 200 kilogrammes, in-
.3 bp clusively - - - - 60
ă := From 200 kilogrammes, exclusively, to 1,000 kilogrammes
5 § inclusive - - - - . 50
* : | From 1,000 kilogrammes to 2,500 kilogrammes - 40
5 º 2,500 kilogrammes to 5,000 kilogrammes - . 30
Z. Upwaods of 5,000 kilogrammes o - - 20
DETACHED PIECES,
Plates of cards of every description, combs for weaving, shuttles of
every description - - 200
In cast iron, weighing—
25 kilogrammes at least - - 100
Of 25 kilogrammes exclusive, to 50 inclusive . - , 80
From 50 kilogrammes to 100 kilogrammes - o 70
100 kil. to 200 kil. - - , 60
200 kil. to 1,000 kil. - - - 50
1,000 kil. to 2,500 kil. - - . 40
2,500 kil. to 5,000 kil. - - - 30
Above 5,000 kilogrammes - - . 20
In iron, weighing—
5 kilogrammes at least - - • - . 120
From 5 kilogrammes exclusive to 25 inclusive - - 110
Upwards of 50 kilogrammes - - - . 80
In copper or steel - - - - 200
All the pieces of a machine, the assemblage of which does not constitute an
entire machine, are to be considered as detached pieces. The parts detached,
formed of different metals, are made subject to the highest tax.
Declarations relative to machinery and engines are to be submitted, after the
payment of the duties, to the consulting Committee of Arts and Manufactures, to
be controlled by it as respects the nature of the object declared.
Optical instruments.-Instruments for calculation, observation, and precision,
30 per cent. : cylinders, plates, and dyes engraved, 15 per cent. ;—according to
the value fixed by the Committee of Arts and Manufactures.


358 EUROPE.—FRANCE.
[1845.
TARIFF-continued.
Essence of coal - -
In French vessels -
In foreign vessels, or by land
Capsules of fulminating powder -
Residue of ivory black
Huano (or guano)
PORTs.
The above Ordinance is followed by another authorising the importation of
machinery and engines, either whole or in pieces, by Dunkirk, Lille, Valenciennes,
Forbach, Strasburgh, St. Louis, Bellegarde, Toulon, Marseilles, Cette, Bordeaux,
Nantes, Brest, Rouen, Havre, Boulogne, and Calais.
NEW DUTIES ON YARN.
Per 100 Ki-
logrammes.
13 0
0 10
- 2 0.
0 25
2 0.
Paris, March 18, 1844.
The following are the intended duties compared with the present scale:–
Per 100 kilogrammes (including the additional 10 lb.) equal to 2 cwt.
1st Class. 2d Class. 3d Class. 4th class.
New duty f. 52.80 77.00 110 165.00
Present duty 41.80 52.80 88 137.50
From this augmentation Belgian yarns are to be exempted—Cor.
IMPORTS.
|
RETURN from the Administration of the Customs of the principal articles of
merchandise imported into France during the first nine months of the pre-
sent year, showing the quantities arrived and consumed, and the duties
received :-
Merchandise. Arrived. Consumed. I)utles.
*Met Quint. | Met Quint. | Francs.
Sugar (French Colonies) . : 638,621 628,440 29,633,546
Ditto (Foreign) . . . 73,041 73,340 5,397,342
Coffee . - - - . 226,389 116,191 11,068,838
Cocoa . . . . . . . . i*i); 13,395 783,464
Pepper . - - - • . 21,352 15,714 590,841
Cotton Wool . - - l 541,114 428,573 9,219,234
Mahogany . - - . . 28,786 31,272 266,712
Oil (Olive) - - - 267,828 219,588 6,160,860 |
Wools - - - - 159,400 150,035 7,217,506
Silk (Raw) - - 7,874 4,271 23,474
Ditto (spun) . - - . . 5,102 3,318 36,493
Ditto (Floss) . - - 1,147 574 646
Coal - - - - . 11,506,938 11,330,912 2,681,599
Cast Iron (unwrought) - 381,796 390,155 2,286,106 |
Copper (first fusion) - • 42,270 48,041 100,123
Lead (in pigs) . - - 198,765 152,622 859,704
Tin (unwrought) . - - 10,519 12,075 26,131
Zinc (first fusion) - - 96,447 95,626 48,055
Nitrate of Potassium - - 27,666 16,158 267,318
Nitrate of Soda - - 26,624 21,547 374,212
Cochineal - - - - 1,538 1,256 120,255
Indigo - - - - 14,685 9,821 633,916
Flax and Hemp (Threads) - 64,563 63,569 3,906,042
Ditto ditto (Cloths) . - 27,843 23,001 1,954,100
Other duties . - - o - - 29,018,000
112,772,099
*The metrical quintal is 2213 lb. English.
—Moniteur.


PART X.] EUROPE.—FRANCE.
3
5
9
DOMESTIC SUGAR.
By the official returns of the produce and consumption of domestic sugar, it
appears that on the 1st of April, 1844, there were 325 manufactories in operation,
or 59 less than in April, 1843. The quantity of sugar made since the commence-
ment of the season was 28,063,737 kilogrammes, and that sold for consumption,
27,901,478. The duties levied thereon amounted to 4,529,769 f.—Moniteur.
COAL.
FourTEENTH MEETING OF THE BRITISH Associ ATION Fow THE
ADVANCEMENT of SciENCE.
York, Sep. 25, 1844.
On taking the chair, Col. Sykes made a few remarks on the nature and object
of statistical science, after which he called upon Mr. Porter to read a paper on
the mining districts of France. This paper was a continuation of that which
the author read before the Statistical Section at the Newcastle Meeting. On that
occasion, the report was brought down to the close of the year 1836, and
Mr. Porter now continued it from the official documents to the end of the year
1841. It must be remembered, that regular statistics of the mineral products of
France were commenced in 1832, and, consequently, we have as nearly as pos-
sible a power of determining the progress of mining industry in France, during
a period of nine years. For the purpose of illustrating the advance made in
this branch of productiveness, he directed attention to the following table, giving
the value of minerals raised in the years 1832, 1836, and 1841; that is to say,
during the nine years of which alone accurate records are attainable.
|
1832. 1836. i841.
fr. fr. - fr.
Coal, Lignite, and Anthracite . !º 26,607,071 || 33,159,044
Iron and Steel - - . . 87,312,994 | 124,384,616 141,789,560
Silver and Lead - - - 856,673 ; 881,534 774,033
|
Antimony • - - - 71,233 305,032 155,251
Copper . - - - - 247,680 196,624 278,676
Manganese . - 105,150 152,671 147,783
2,052,043
Alum and Sulphate of Iron . 1,077,595 1,760,607
|
fr. 105,750,995 151,228,455 178,550,000
or in sterling money £ || 4,230,040 6,169,138 || 7,134,123
The per-centage increase in 1836 over 1832 was 45'84
in 1841 over 1836 ,, 15.62
- . . . 68-65 or,
and for the whole years
7.63 per annum.
He next directed particular attention to the subject of coal, and described mi-
nutely the geographical position of the coal-fields of France. The rapid increase
of coal raised in France is shown in the following return :-
Tons.
Coal raised in 1814 . . . 665,610
1826 . . . 1,879,225
1836. . . . 2,544,835
1841 . . . 3,410,200
Mr. Porter calculated that the quantity of coal raised in England was about ten
times the amount raised in France.


360
[1845.
EUROPE.-FRANCE.
The quantity of coal imported into France during 1841, was,
Tons.
From Belgium . . . . . . 992,226
Rhenish Provinces . . . . . 196,502
From Britain . . . . . . 429,950
Øther places . . . . . . 482
l,619,160.
MONEYS.
French arºl English Coins.
French Moji-y Value in English-
.# s. d.
The 10-franc piece, double Napoleon, or Louis = 1 13 4
The 20-franc piece, Napoleon, or Louis == 0 16 8
The 30-sous piece - . = 0 1 3}
The franc = 100 contimes - - = 0 0 10
The 15-sous piece - - ... = 0 0 7}
The half-franc = 50 centiºnes = 0 0 5
The quarter-franc = 25 ce; times = 0 0 2,
The two-sous piece = 10 centimes . == 0 0 1
The sous, or one-sous piece = 5 centimes = 0 0 0}
One centime - = 0 0 0};
The liard = 0 0 0}.
The piece of two liards = 0 0 0}
The piece of six liards = 0 0 0}
Paris, March Il, 1842.
The silver pieces of 15 and 30 sous, those of six liards, and those of two sous,
bearing the letter N (coined in the Hundred Days), 23d the copper and bell-
metal pieces of one and two liards, of one and five ceivines, and of one decime
(two sous), are to be called in. The latter are to be replaced by a bronze coin,
composed of copper and alloy, one, two, and five centimes, and one decime each.
The bronze money about to be issued will amount to 40,000,000 of francs. The
silver piece of 25 centimes (five sous) are to be likewise withdrawn from circu-
lation, and pieces of 20 centimes to be substituted in their stead. This operation
will cost the state, according to the ministerial valuation, a sum of 13,703,000.
francs.-Cor.
English Money.
One guinea, or 21 shillings . -
One pound, or sovereign = 20 shilling
A crown, or 5-shilling piece -
The half-crown piece, or 2s. 6d.
A shilling, or 12 pence
Sixpence (6d.) -
A penny (ld.) e - - -
A half-penny (#d.) e - -
A farthing (#d.) • - -
Value in French.
i
fr.
26
2
5
cents.
47
20.8
80.7
90.4
16.14
58.07
10
5
2}
TO REDUCE VALUE OF FRANCS INTO ENGLISH MONEY.
To assist in reducing the value of francs into English money, it is only to
divide the amount in francs by 25, or, in other words, to substitute 4 for i00,
thus—
Francs. " 36.
100 = 4
1,000 = 40
10,000 = 400
100,000 = 4,000
1,000,000 = 40,000


PART X.]
361
EUROPE. –FRANCE,
WEIGHiTS.
Troy wei GHT -
English Weights.
1 grain = }; dwt - -
I pennyweight = }, of an ounce
1 ounce , of a lb. Troy
1 pound imperial •
French Weights.
= 0.0647.7 gramme.
1.55456 gramme.
31.09130 gramme.
0.3730956 kilogramme.
:
AVOIRB UPOIS WEIGHT.
English Weights,
1 dram = # of an ounce -
l ounce = }, of a lb. -
1 pound, or 1 lb imperial
1 cwt. = 112 lb.
1 ton = 20 cwt.
French.
I gramme = 15.438 grains Troy
1 kilogramme = 2.68027 lb.
I kilogramms = 2.20548 lb.
French Weights,
1.7712 gramme.
28.338 gramme.
6.4534148 kilogram ::: *-*.
50.7824600 kilograpºles.
{015.64.96000
English.
.643 dwts. = 0.03216 oz. Troy
. 8 oz. 3 dwt.s. 6 grs. Troy wt.
b. 3 oz. 4 + drs. Avoirdupois. .
º
SPAIN.
Principal Ports.--Adra, Altea, Aguilas, Alicant, Almeria, Algesiras
Arens de Mar, Bilboa, Barcelona, Blanes, Benicarlo, Cadiz, Corunna, Cas-
tropol, Carill, Carboneras, Carthagena, Denia, Deva, Ferrol, Gijon, Mundica,
Malaga, Mahon, Passages, Palamos, Patma, Ribadeo, Roqt:exada, Riva de
Cetta, Rosas, Seville, San Lucar, St. Sebastian, Saloe, St. Felix, Santander,
or St. Andero, Tarragona, Tierra Wiega, Villa Nueva, Valencia, Vinaroz.
Vigo, Villa Viciosa, Xavea.
CoNSUL GENERAL.
CHEVALIER DON JOSE MARIA BARRERO.
Albany Villa, Maida Vale.
Consulate Office, 37, Old Broad Stree;.
CoNSULs.
Bombay—Don Francisco Godinez.
Gibraltar—Chevalier Don Antonio Es-
tefani.
Jamaica—Don Juan del Cantillo.
Malfa-— Don Jacobo Colombo.
New-Providence—Don Juan Maura.
Singapore—Don Antonio M. Segovia.
WICE-CoNSULs.
Birmingham—Don Fernando Villanueva.
Bristol—Don Antonio Lopez Vildosola.
Cape of Good Hope—Harrison Watson,
Esq.
cºbartolomew O'Verling, Esq.
Dartmouth — Richard Lungworthy
Kingston, Esq.
Deal—Edward Iggulden, Esq.
Dover–Henshaw Latham, Esq.
Dublin—Don Gregorio Juan de Isasi.
Dundee—Francis Molison, Esq.
Eaceter—John Clampitt Sercombe, Esq.
Falmouth—George E. Fox, Esq.
Gibraltar—Don Pedro Dégola.
Glasgow–Robert Wardrop, Esq.
Guernsey (Island of)—Albert Carey,
E
Sq.
Halifaa (Nova Scotia)—James George
Creighton, Esq.
Harwich—Samuel Billingsley, Esq.
Hastings—Don Lorenzo Moret.
Hull—Robert Keddey, Esq.
Jersey (Island of)—Charles Le Quesne,
Esq.
Leith—James Gordon, Esq.
Liverpool—Robert M*William, Esq.
Lucie (in Jamaica)—John Campbell,
Esq.
Llanelly—Robert Dankin, Esq.
Malta—Don Miguel Camilleri.


362
[1845.
EUROPE.-SPAIN.
V 1cE-Consuls—continued.
Manchester—Don Demetrio Duarte.
Montego Bay (in Jamaica)—Samuel An-
derson, Esq.
Newcastle-on-Tyne — Edward Bilton,
Esq.
Neufoundland—Aaron Hogsett, Esq.
Newport (Monmouthshire) William C.
Webb, Esq.
Orkney and Shetland (Islands of)—Ar-
thur Anderson, Esq.
Penzance—Richard Pearce, Esq.
Plymouth—John Luscombe, Esq.
Porf A, utonio (in Jamaica)—Alexander
Joseph Brimez, Esq.
Portsmouth—J. W. Wilkinson, Esq.
Ramsgate—Edward Hodges, Esq.
St. Ires (Cornwall)—Alexander Mar-
rack, Esq.
Scilly—Henry Edward, Esq.
Sheerness—William Edgecome, Esq.
Southampton—Arthur Stratford, Esq.
Consular Agent.
Swansea—John William Leach, Esq.
Weymouth—Edward Day, Esq.
Wight (Isle of)—T. Harling, Esq.
Parmouth—Samuel Pagett, Esq.
Houghall—Thomas John, Esq.
PASSPORTS.
No person is allowed to land in Spain unless he be provided with a passport;
if he be an Englishman, he must get one from the Foreign Office, if of any
other nation, he must have one from the Diplomatic Agent for that country, and
in both cases it must be duly authorised by the Spanish Ambassador. Without this
document, no Consul nor Vice-consul is allowed to include any passenger in the
bills of health.
TARIFF.
A TABLE of Duties payable upon the principal articles of the growth, produce, or
manufacture of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, upon impor-
tation into Spain.
[Compiled from Official Documents ea pressly for “Pope's Pearly Journal
of Trade.]
- # = 5 | #
Fixed value :3.3 ||3'34 #2
in British |### 33% ää
Currency. 3 *š # F# g-
3:= |::= | 5
£ s. d.
Beer in bottles, glass duty included, arroba 2 14 2 15 # #
in casks, arroba . - - • 1 9 2 do. I do. I do.
Brass in bars, lb. 10d., in sheet 0 1 8 20 | do. I do.
––– wares, kitchen utensils, lb. - 0 2 9} | do. do. do.
for furniture, polished, not gilt, lb. . () 6 2 do. I do. I do.
— for door cases, &c., gilt or polished, lb. 0 1 2 4 do. } #
Buttons, without shanks, gross 2s. 6d. ; ſ 6s. 2d. to 15 I 1.
with shanks, 5s. ; large for great coats 12s. 4d. 3. ZF
Coal, in national vessels, 2 reals per quin-
tal; in foreign, 3 reals - - -
coke, culm, and cinders, quinta 0 0 10 10 | } 2
Copper, raw or in bars, lb. 1s. 0}d. ; in
sheets, 1s. 63d. ; nails or pins . - 0 2 1 20 # #
wrought for sugar works, lb. . ad valorem 2 # #
— other, lb. - - - - - 0 2 7} | 20 | } #
Cutlery, table, common handles, dozen,
4s. 2d.; superior, 12s 4d. ; knives for
manufactures - - 0 0 10 15 do. I do.


PART X.]
EUROPE.—SPAIN, 363
TARIFF–continued.
## |# 5 |3
Fixed value |##3 |##3 ||3.
in British gå # 33% ää
Currency. gz # = 5 § 4'-
#3 Gº |3
£ s. d.
Earthenware of flint, large pieces, as dishes,
jugs, &c., piece . - - - - 0 2 1 20 | } §
- medium size, as dishes, plates, &c. 0 0 7} | 40 | do. do.
small, as egg cups, &c., piece 0 0 33 30 do. do.
--— wares of porcelain, piece various rates. 20 do. do.
Glass ware, arroba - - 1 6 10% do. do. do.
— beads and bugles, lb. 0 0 7% 15 do. do.
-— for telescopes, clocks, &c., dozen 0 2 6 do. I do. I do.
for optical lenses and prisms, each 0 1 3 do. do. do.
plain for mirrors, arroba . I 11 3 20 | do. I do.
Hides and Skins, not dressed, lb. 0 0 5 12 # do.
dressed and parchment, lb. 0 4 2 1 () do #
Iron in pigs, quintal - 0 8 4 15 | } #
cast, fine metal, quintal . - - 0 1 2 4 25 | do. I do.
-— forged, in bars or wedges, quintal,
20s. 10d. ; in sheets or plates • 1 5 () 40 # #
—— in bands or hoops, quintal - - 1 7 () 20 | } §
——— manufactures, as locks and pulleys, lb. 0 4 2 40 } #
scythes, quintal, 41s. 8d.: small
springs, lb. - - - - - 0 4 2 15 # §
springsfor carriages, lb. 2s. 1d.smooth-
ing irons, lb. 10d. ; plough shares, quin-
tal, 20s. 10d. ; screws, lb. 2s. 1d. ; mails,
lb. - - - e - 0 I 3 20 | do. I do.
Linen manufactures, plain and white, of and
under 11 threads, quintal 15 5 5 25 | do. do.
— 11 to 26 threads, quintal 39 15 0 20 do. do.
— 27 threads and upwards, quintal 216 13 4 15 do. I do.
—— plain, dyed, or printed, of and under
11 threads, quintal 14 15 10 25 | do. do.
—— 11 to 26 threads, quintal 44 13 6 20 | do. do.
—— 27 threads and upwards, quintal 229 8 1 15 do. do.
—— Checkered, with or without patterns,
but entirely white, quintal, 24!. 5s. 5d. ;
ditto above 1 vara wide - . . 28 8 9 15 do. do.
—— table linen, damask or figured, quintal,
47 l. 3s. 9d. ; other kinds - - 27 16 3 15 do. I do.
—— Lace and net, plain, oz. 20s. 10d. ;
frame or bobbin made • • 2 1 8 10 | } #
Machines and engines, steam engines free -
—— for spinning, weaving, or paper mak-
ing, lb. - - - - - - 0 0 10 || 2 | do. 3
—— all others, lb. - - - - 0 0 10 10 | do. #
Needles for embroidery, oz. 7s. 3}d. ; for
sewing, lb. 6s. 2d... for netting or sur- -
gical pnrposes, doz. 7}d. ; bodkins, |
doz. . . . . . . 0 7 5 15 | | | }
for weaver's use, lb. 0 0 7, 10 | do. do.
packing, 1000 0 1 2 4 40 | do. I do.
Silk, raw twisted, lb. - 1 5 0 15 do. I do.
— dyed, and floss silk, lb. 2 l 8 20 | do. I do.
strongly twisted, lb. 2 5 10 do. I do. do.


364 EUROPE –SpAIN. [1845.
TARIFF–continued.
is º -
iſſiº |##. 3
Fixed value #32 |33.3 | #:
in British 33% |###| #3
Currency 3.5 # 3.; #.5
- Qw --> -
* | * * : 5.3 P 5
3:= re: C
* * <!
AE s. d.
Silk manufactures : shallcón, and plain
cloth like serge, lb. - - - -
textures, striped, worked, variegated,
or embroidered, not by hand, lb. . 3 2 6 do. I do. I do.
of clear silk, plain, worked, or open
worked, lb. - - - - 3 10 8 20 | do. I do.
velvets and plushes, lb. 3 2 6 20 | do. I do.
The four last, if in handkerchiefs, tippets,
shawls, or veils, pay an additional 5 per
cent. Handkerchiefs of raw silk, of 1 vara
and 5 inches, printed, each . - -
— tulles, points of blonde, blondes, and
blondlues, if embroidered in the frame,
or with bobbins, lb. 145s. 10d. ; other-
wise - - - - - - :
ribbons of silk, velvet, or plush, lb.
— ribbons of silk of a transparent nature,
as gauze, crape, tulle, &c., lb. - - 2 12 1 do. I do. I do.
— hose, H, - - - - - 2
: — handkerchiefs, and shawls of silk and
worsted, fb 27s. 6d. ; handkerchiefs of
floss or nap silk, 23s. 9d. ; large shawls
3
l
l
2 6 20 | do. I do.
7 6 15 do. I do.
of ditto - - 1 19 7 15 do. I do.
Steel in bars, not wrought, lb. 0 0 5 do. I do. I do.
cast, in bars, lb. . - - - 0 1 8 do. I do. I do.
Threads of hemp or flax, unbleached, quintal,
83s. 4d. ; bleached, 104s. 2d.; ditto, of
all kinds, 2 threads and upwards . 20 16 8 10 | do. I do.
— cordage, quintal . - - - 0 15 7, 20 | do. I do.
— pack thread, lb. - - - 0 2 6 30 | do. I do.
Woollen manufactures: plain or worked,
striped or stamped, of and under § of a
vara wide, vara - - - - 0 2 () 20 | do. I do.
above #, up to 1 vara, var 0 2 1 25 | do. do.
-— 1 to 1. vara, 2s. 6d. ; 1 to 13,
3s. 4d. ; 13 to 2 varas, vara - - 0 4 1 30
serges, of and under # of a vara wide,
2s. 1d. ; # to 1 vara, 2s. 6d. ; 1 to 1,
3s. 4d. ; 13 to 13, 5s. 2%d. ; 13 to 2
varas, vara - - - - -
double cloths, kerseymeres, fine drug-
gets, beavers, stuffs, &c., of 3%-4 of a
breadth, vara - - - - -
ditto, vincunas, and other cloths,
above 3%-4 up to 7-4, vara - -
coatings, baizes, druggets, milled
flannels, ratteens, strong cloths, water-
proof cloths, &c., of 7-4 of a breadth,
Wata . - - - - - - 0 8 2 25
waistcoat pieces, mohair, plushes,
friezes, shags, carpets, &c., of wool or
mixed with any material except cotton,
}
#
#
#


PART X.] EUROPE.—SPAIN. 365
TARIFF-continued.
Q
# , ; ; , 3
Fixed value | .22 ||= g º 3, ,
in Briº |3}} |###| ##
Currency. 3 = } # ## 4-
* --
#: 7 ::= | 3
of ; a breadht, vara 4s. 1d. ; above ; up
to 1 vara . - o - 0 6 3 20 # #
Cotton manufactures : hats, caps, and
wearing apparel; manufactures of wood;
sadlery; blades for swords, knives, &c.;
tin and pewter wares; lead : gunpowder;
salt; window glass ; soap and candles ;
and gloves and mittens are prohibited to
be imported.
SHERRY.
A return of the exportation of sherry from Xeres and Port St. Mary's for the
six months ending the 1st inst. gives a total of 17,765 butts. The largest exporting
houses were Messrs. P. Domecq, of Xeres, 1,148 butts; and Messrs. Oldham, of
Port St. Mary's, 1,147 butts.-Cor.
Additional Article to the Treaty of Friendship and Alliance between His Britannic
Majesty and His Catholic Majesty Ferdinand VII., signed at Madrid, the 28th
August, 1814.
Former T'eaties.--It is agreed that, pending the megotiations of a new treaty of commerce,
Great Britain shall be admitted to trade with Spain upon the same conditions as those which
existed previously to the year 1796. All the treaties of commerce, which at that period subsisted
between the two nations being hereby ratified and confirmed,
Dome at Madrid, the 28th August, 1814. H. WELLESLEY.
By order in council, dated April 28, 1828, His Majesty doth grant that it shall be lawful for
Spanish ships to import into any of the British Possessions abroad, from the colonies and foreign
plantations of His Most Catholic Majesty, goods the produce of those colonies and possessions,
and to ‘. goods from any such British Possessions abroad, to be carried to any foreign
country whatever.


MONEYS.
[From a High Official Functionary.]
Common Moneys of Spain—those marked * are actual Coins.
š
Peseta. i + Peseta Peseta, Dea Peseta Co- - |Pesosencil-Peso Fuen- Doblon Media Onza de
Maravedir. Cuartos. Rºl. of . 3. half” Č. 4, or Pes- lunaria, or Nº. º º or Hard c. de oro, or Onza, or oro, or
ellon. Pestreen, or 3 Dollar, treen. # Dollar. or & Dollar. . ). "D.IIa. orriente. | 4 ounce. 4 ounce. Dubloon.
:k * | * * | * * | * i + >k
4 1 : :
34 8} 1 -
68 17 . 2 1 i
85 21}; 24 1
136 34 4 2 l | :
170 42; ; 0 2 l |
340 85 10 | 4 2 l |
510 127, 15 6 3 1
680 170 20 10 8 : 5 4 2 1
2040 510 60 30 24 15 12 6 4 3 l
2720 680 80 40 32 20 16 8 4 1
5440 1360 160 80 64 . 40 32 16 8 2 1
10880 27.20 320 160 128 80 64 32 | 16 4 2 l
Exchange Values or Moneys, no Coins except Cuartos.
64 Maravedir 16 Cuartos 1 Real of Plate.
512 7 x 128 > * 8 ** 1 Peso or Dollar of Exchange.
2048 77 512 * > 32 * * 4 Dos., or 1 Pistole or Doblon of Exchange.
17 Reals of Plate equal to 32 r. Don.
85 Dollars of Plate ,, to 64 hard Dollar.
=
;


PART X.] EUROPE.-SPAIN. 367
WEIGHTS AND MEASURES.
100 lb. or 4 Arrobas - - . = 101.44 lb. Avoirdupois.
1 Cantaro or Arroba of Wine - = 3.52 Imperial Gallons.
1 Fanega of Corn . - e . = 7.79 Imperial Bushels.
1 Vara or Ell . - - == 33.38 English Inches.
N.B.--These are the Castilian or Official Weights and Measures of Spain. but
many of the Provinces have their own local Weights and Measures.—Tate's
Modern Cambist.
CANARY ISANDS.
Principal Ports.—Canaria, Ferro, Fuerte Ventura, Gomera, Lazarota,
Orotava, Palmy, Santa Cruz, Teneriffe.
PORTUGAL.
Principal Ports.--Aveiro, Caminha, Faro, Figuera, Lisbon, Oporto,
St. Ubes, Vianna, Villa de Conde, Villa Nova de Portimão.
DISCONTINUANCE OF THE LIGHT AT CAPE ROCA DURING
REPAIRS.
[Translation.]
By the supreme Board of Customs at Lisbon, notice is hereby given, that it
being requisite to commence as soon as possible the works upon the light at Cabo
da Roca which have been determined upon, in order to improve it according to the
modern system, mariners are hereby forewarned, that during the whole of the
month of April next the said light will not be illuminated, in order to establish
with greater promptitude the new lantern and machinery destined for it.
CYPRIANo MANoFL DA SILVA MoRAEs, Secretary.
Supreme Board of Customs at Lisbon, March 11, 1844.
Admiralty, April 29, 1844.
Sir, With reference to my letter of the 2nd inst., announcing that no light
will be shown from the lighthouse on Cape Roca during the present month on
account of repairs, I am commanded by the Lords Commissioners of the Admi-
ralty to acquaint you, for the information of the committee for managing the affairs
of Lloyd's, that Her Majesty's Consul at Lisbon has stated, that at his repre-
sentation the repairs are postponed, and that the light will not be discontinued in
consequence thereof until the 15th of next June.
To T. W. Dobson, Esq., Secretary to Lloyd's. Jo HN BARRow.
REVOLVING LIGHT ON THE ROCK OF LISBON.
The Portuguese Government has given notice that the light on Cape da Roca,
or the Rock of Lisbon, has been altered from a fixed to a revolving light, each
revolution being completed in two minutes. During the first minute it will
present a red light, the greatest intensity of which will continue 30 seconds; and
during the second minute it will present a bright light, the greatest brilliancy of
which will also continue 30 seconds.
The light is in lat. 38° 45' 5" N., and long, 9° 29 W., and being 498 feet above
the level of the sea, may be seen in very clear weather at the distance of eight or
nine leagues.


368 EUROPE.--Pokrug AI. [1845.
THE BERLINGS LIGHT AND THE PENICHE LIGHT.
By the Royal Board of Customs at Lisbon, notice is hereby given, that in order
to obviate the inconvenience arising from the almost perfect similitude in the
revolution of the machinery of the Berlings Light and the light on Cape Carvoeiro,
at Peniche, the movement of the latter has been altered, the great flash of the light
being repeated consecutively every 30 seconds, but producing with but slight
difference a continued light, which makes the said lights perfectly distinct the one
from the other. CYPRIANo MANoel DA SILvA MoRAEs, Secretary. .
Royal Board of Customs, Lisbon, March 8, 1844.
CoNsu-L GENERAL.
F. J. WAN. ZELLER, Esq.
JLondon.
CoNSUI.s.
Liverpool—A. J. da Costa, Esq.
£ork—G. Manders, Esq.
Vice-Coxsuls.
Dover–Richard Bushell, Esq. Falmouth—George Croker Fox, Esq.
Hull—John Hollingworth, Esq. Eareter—Frederick Dashwood Lake
Deal—E. Spencer Curling, Esq. Hirtzel, Esq.
Ramsgate—Edward Hodges, Esq. Leith and the Ports on the Frith of
Poole—James Aldridge, Esq. Forth—William Muir, Esq.
Plymouth—John Collier, Esq. Cowes—Thomas Harling, Esq.
Guernsey, Jersey, Alderney—John Orkney and Shetland. Islands—Arthur
Mansell, Esq. Anderson, Esq.
Dundee—Archibald Crichton, Esq. Kingsbridge and Salcombe – Gabriel
Yarmouth—Isaac Preston, Esq. Beer Lidstone, Esq.
Weymouth—Joseph Horsford, Esq. Southamptom—N. M. Priaulx, Esq.
Harwich—Samuel Billingsley, Esq. Glasgow and the Ports of the Clyde—
Portsmouth—Arnaldus Vanden Bergh, John Mitchell, jun., Esq.
Esq. Brixham and Torbay—R.W. Wolstone,
Penzance and Scilly Islands—Richard Esq.
Pearce, Esq. London—Francis Rebello, Esq.
Newcastle—Edward Bilton, Esq. Stockton on Tees—George Wilkinson,
J)artmouth—R. Langworthy Hingston, Esq.
Esq. Sunderland—Hugh Panton, Esq.
Birmingham—George Richmond Collis, Folkstone—Alfred Lewton Hodges,
Esq. Esq.
CoNsu L GENERAL.
CHEVALIER A. B. DE MASCARENHAS.
Bristol and Channel.
31, Park Street.
Milford—G. Starback, Esq. Gloucester—E. L. Kendeth, Esq.
Llanelly—R. Dunkin, Esq. Bideford— -
Supansea—S. Padley, jun., Esq. Barnstople—
Cardiff—R. T. Todd, Esq. Bridgewater—- -
Neath— ditto Padstow—R. Pearce, Esq.
Newport—R. P. Jones, Esq. St. Ives— ditto
Chepstow— ditto
Treaty of Commerce and Navigation between Her Majesty and the Queen ºf
Portugal, signed at Lisbon, July 3, 1842.-Ratifications exchanged at Lisbon,
July 30, 1842.
Continuance of Treaty.—The present treaty shall be in force for the term of ten yeart from
the date hereof; and further till the end of twelve months after either of the high contracting
parties shall have given notice to the other of its intention to terminate the same : each of the
high contracting partics reserving to itself the right to give such notice to the other at the end
of the said term of ten years, or at any subsequent time.
And it is hereby agreed between them, that, at the expiration of twelve months after snch
notice shall have been received by either party from the other, this treaty, and all the provisions
thereof, shall altogether cease and determine. …


PART X.] EUROPE.—PoRTUGAL. 369
Revision.—It is agreed, nevertheless, that either of the two high contracting parties shall have
the right, at the end of five years, to require a revision of any articles not affecting the principle
of the treaty, on giving six months’ notice of a desire to make such revision: Provided, however,
that it be distinctly understood that the power of giving such notice shall not extend beyond,
nor be recognised after, the termination of the fifth year.
Ratification.—The present treaty shall be ratified, and the ratification shall be exchanged at
Lisbon at the expiration of two months from the date of its signature, or sooner, if possible.
In witness whereof the respective plenipotentiaries have signed the same, and have affixed
thereto the seals of their arms.
Done at Lisbon, the third day of July in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and
forty-two.
How ARD DE WALDEN.
DUQUE DE PALMELLA.
[The foregoing Treaty was given at large in the Journal for several years. As, however, the
essential parts touching imports and exports are embodied in the subsequent orders, it has now
been removed to make room for new matter.—Ed.]
BRITISH POSSESSIONS.
By O. C. Nov. 2, 1842, Portuguese ships may import into any of the British possessions
abroad from the Portuguese dominions, goods, the produce of the Portuguese dominions, and
may export goods from such possessions, to be carried to any foreign country whatever: Pro-
vided always, that nothing herein contained shall be construed to prevent Portuguese ships from
trading with any of the British possessions in Europe, to such extent and in such manner as
they lawfully may under the law of navigation now in force. -
DIFFERENTIAL DUTIES.
By O. C.,, January, 1842, the Additional Duties of one-fifth on Portuguese goods, and of 9d.
the ton on Portuguese vessels, are to cease.
By T. L., March 10, 1842, goods imported from Lisbon, and deposited in bond prior to 15th
January, are to be considered, upon being entered for home consumption, as if the same are im-
ported after the date of Her Majesty's order in council, which abrogated the differential duties
upon goods imported from Portugal.
CONSUL’S CERTIFICATE OF COCKETS.
By T. L., Aug. 6, 1839, in regard to the verification of Cockets by the Portu-
guese Consul, it is stated that their Lordships are aware that the reason for such
formality has ceased to exist, and is therefore to be discontinued.
MANIFEST.S.
By C. O., July 19, 1841, masters of vessels clearing out from the ports of the
United Kingdom for any of the ports of the Portuguese dominions, are to pro-
vide themselves with two copies of the Manifest of their cargoes, certified by
the Portuguese Consul or Vice-Consul, in conformity with the Customs Laws of
Portugal.
TARHFF.
A TABLE of Duties payable upon the principal articles of the growth, pro-
duce, or manufacture of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ire-
land, upon importation into Portugal.
[Compiled from Official Documents expressly for “Pope's Yearly Journal
of Trade.”]
Duty.
Inn. r.
Beer, Porter, Cider, or Perry, almude - - ... 2 880
Brass and latten, raw or in bars, quintal 100 r.; in sheets
500 r. basins of - • - ... 1 800
-— pins or nails, arroba 4 m.; wire 15 m. ; other manufac-
tures - - • - . 12 000
Bronze, arroba 100 r.; manufactures of - . 12 000
Buttons, gilt or plated arroba 16 m.; highly finishe . 18 000
Butter, arroba 1 m. 600 r.; cheese - - ... 1 920
Coal, ton, 200 r.; coke quintal - - . 0 400
2 B


370 EUROPE,-Portugal.
[1845.
TARIFF-continued.
Copper, ore or bars, quintal 100 r.; sheets 500 r.; basins .
wire, arroba 15 m.; lattice-work, 2 m. 500 r. ; stills or
alambics, 3 m. 200 r.; other manufactures - -
Cutlery, table-knives and forks, pen-knives, razors, &c., with
wood handles, arroba 4 m. ; horn 8 m.; metal 12 m. ; whale-
bone 14 m. 400 r.; ivory or pearl 19 m. 200 r. ; iron -
Earthenware, china ware, plain white, arroba 2 m.; painted
or gilt w • - - -
-— porcelain fine and transparent, plain, arroba
8 m.; painted, gilt or silvered, 16 m. ; mock called Etrurian
-— pottery, common red or gray, glaized, arroba
30 r.; black silvered or coppered - - -
Fish dry, salted, or smoked, quintal 1 m, 600 r.; in vinegar
3 m. 200 r.; in oil - - - -
Fowling pieces, one barrel, each, 7 m, 200 r. ; two barrels,
9 m. 600 r.; ornamented with gold or silver 25 per cent.
extra - - -
Glass, window, in squares, arroba 3 m. 400 r.; finer sorts 4 m.
500 r.; stained or painted . - • -
wares, bottles, flasks, &c., arroba 280 r.; tubes, &c.,
960 r.; glasses and lenses for mathematical or optical in-
struments 3 m.; cut for jewelry 12 m.; beads for em-
broidery 1 m. 500 r.; common - -
Iron, ore, quintal, 10 r.; pigs, sheets, or bars, 100 r.; hoops,
4 m. ; pieces for boilers, and machines, each piece not ex-
ceeding 300 arratels in weight -- • •
moulds, or brace buttons, quintal 12 m, 800 r. ; lattice
work, 1 m. 600 r.; pins, 6 m. 400 r.; bows and files, 100 r.;
anchors, cables, hackles, &c., 600 r. ; nails and screws,
5 m.; wares of finer descriptions, 8 m.; ditto. polished or
varnished, and plates, highly finished, 12 m. 800 r.; lack-
ered wares, 24 m.; other manufactures, varnished, or mixed
with any other than the precious metals, 8 m. old or broken
wire, arroba, 12 m. 800 r.; twisted, or covered with silk,
arratel 2 m. 400 r.; with paper or cotton, arroba
Lead, ore, quintal, 50 r.; pigs, 100 r. ; balls and bullets 1 m.
200 r. ; shot e • - - -
Leather and fur, manufactures of, capotes and vests lined with
fur each 12 m.; do. simply ornamented 6 m.; caps and
hats plain, arratal 600 r.; d.o. trimmed 1 m. 200 r.; leathern
drawers, pair 3 m. 600 r. ; suspenders, arratel 1 m. 200 r.;
gloves, pair 200 r. ; overalls, galoshes, pair 400 r.; boots
and shoes, men's, pair 3 m. 200 r.; women's . e
harness, girths, bridles, whips, bottles, purses, &c.,
arratel 600 r.; ditto ornamented 1 m. 200 r. saddles, each
Portmanteaus, each, 3 m. 200 r ; havresacs, night
bags, clothes bags, &c., each - - -
skins, dressed, arroba -
Machines for factories or laboratories, and for carding, with
fittings, quintal o • • •
Machines for other uses, complete, ad valorem, 20 per cent.
Needles, including the packages, arratel -
Duty,
*m. r.
1 800
12 000
4 800
6 000
4 000
3 000
6 400
32 000
0 480
0 600
*0 10, |
12 800
3 600
1 600
• *
1 600
1 600
O IOO
0 160


PART X.] EUROPE. — Pop TUGAL. 371
TARIFF-continued. , Puy. r.
Paper, writing, arroba, 1 m. 600 r.; d.o. ruled, 2 m. 560 r.;
music, 1 m. 920 r.; blotting, 960r.; for wadding or car-
tridges, 640 r.; hangings 2m. 560r.; other - ... 1 920
- Books, foreign languages, sheets or stitched, free;
bound, arroba 1 m. 280 r.; music, 5 m.; maps and charts 1 280
Tin and Bismuth, ore, and old broken, quintal 100 r.; ham-
mered and worked, 400 r.; ashes and dust of 15 m.; plates
for mirrors, 2 m. 400 r.; do. highly finished . ... 10 000
Types for printing, arratel . - - . 0 150
Steel, raw, quintal, 200 r.; files to No. 6. inclusive, 6 m.
400 r.; from 7 to 20, 3 m. 200 r. ; all other manufactures
not enumerated - • - . 12 800
Zinc, ore, and old broken, quintal 100 r.; bars, sheets, plates,
and hammered, 400 r.; manufactures - ... 7 200
TEXTILE MANUFACTUREs.
Gray. Bleached or Dyed. Sewing.
Reis. Reis. Reis.
Cotton twist 40 and under |b. 50 ---- 80 - - - - 100
—— 41 to 80 75 70 -- - - 120 ---- 240
— — 81 , 120 2x 120 .... 240 .... 480
--- Above 120 y? 250 ... 500 .... 1000
Gotton cloth, called gray stouts, of 15 threads, 40 r.; of 15 to 24 threads,
60 r. ; above 24 threads, 100 r.; ditto white of 14 threads 50 r.; 15
to 20, 70 r. ; above 20, 120 r.; dyed in the thread, 16 threads and
under, 200 r. ; 17 threads and upwards, 400 r.; the two last if shaped
for dresses, shawls, vests, &c., 200 rS. extra. Printed shawls and hand-
kerchiefs, 250 r. lb.
Cambrics, white, 20 threads and under, 100 r.; above 20, 160 r. lb.
Coloured cambric shawls, handkerchiefs, jaconets, also those cut for dresses,
400 r. Coloured sarsnets, dyed in the piece, 200 r.; dyed in the thread,
240 r.; the last in shawls, handkerchiefs, or dresses, 440 r. lb.
Calicoes and muslims, gray, in the piece 100 r. ; ditto made into shawls and
handkerchiefs, 20 threads and under, 200 r.; above 20, 400 r. ; ditto,
printed or coloured, 640 r. lb.
White twilled cottons, towelling, common damasks, dimities, drills, &c.,
150 r.; ditto printed, 200 r ; in shawls or handkerchiefs, in the web or
piece, 300 r.; ditto for dresses, shawls, &c., coloured, 400 r. White
quiltings, 360 r. Blue and white tabby cords, 80 r. Black velvets, 160r.
Oil-cloths, 300 r. Bobbinet, or muslin net lace, tamboured handkerchiefs,
shawls, bordered or frilled, 4 m. 800r. Tamboured jaconet, 1 m. 400 r. lb.
Bobbinet plain work, 600 r. Sheathing cotton, 80 r. lb.
Counterpanes and rugs, 200r., Cottons woven or mixed with linen, canvass,
and bagging, 50 r. Flannels for petticoats, shawls, or knitted shawls, or
handkerchiefs, or wrought resembling tapestry, 400 r. Wick for candles,
400 r. Small cotton wares, needle-work, buttons, fringes, braces, gaiters,
laces, night-caps, shirts, petticoats, socks, stockings, gloves, purses, &c.,
400 r.; per lb.
Cotton, hats and bonnets, 2 m. ; umbrellas and parasols, 600 r.; shirt
collars and stocks, 100 r.; collars for ladies, 720 r.; each.
Flax and hemp, manufactures of 100 r.; prepared or thrown like silk, 6 m.
400 r., per quintal.
, per q 2 B 2


372 EUROPE.—PoRTUGAL. [1845.
TARIFF-continued. -
Flax and Hemp Thread, raw, 90 r.; bleached, 14 Or.; dyed, 180 r. ; lustred
orbrightened, of and under 18 threads, 360 r.; above 18, 300 r. Sewing
thread, unbleached, 1 m.; bleached, 1 m. 500 r.; dyed, 2 m. Lint,
100 r. Tow thread for knitting, 140 r. per lb.
Hesian cloths, common, 800 r. ; fine, 1 m. 200 r. per arroba.
Osnaburgs and wrappers, 90 r.; Hollands, brown, or platillas, 140 r.
Brown linens, 200 r. Carpets with linen or hemp warp, 100 r. Linens
bleached, and sail cloth, except fine canvas, 60 r. Dowlas and Osna-
burghs, and ordinary Bremen and Westphalian linens and wrapping cloths,
240 r. Irish and Scotch linens, and Hollands duck, table and damask
linen, bleached, 600 r. Lawns or fine linens, and other linens, bleached,
not enumerated, 900 r. Linens dyed, printed, or stamped, not specified,
400 r.; bed ticking, 200 r. ; marline untarred, 100 r.; not specified, 300r.
Cambrics, fine of all kinds, in pieces or handkerchiefs, 4 m. 800 r.,
per lb.
Oil cloths, varnished, waxed, or painted, floor-cloths of all kinds; linen
tapes and ribbons, &c., 300 r. Lace, and lace-work of thread and tulle,
3 m. 200 r. IIosiery or knitwork, as stockings, vests, pantaloons, socks,
caps, &c.; small wares, as fringes, buttons, stays, stay-laces, galloons,
suspenders, &c. 400 r. per arratel. Linen wares made up as shirts, vests,
&c., to pay the duty upon the highest rated material.
Ropework and cordage, sail-twine, 9 m. 600r.; rope-yarns, white, 6 m.;
ropes, white, 3 m., 600 r.; ropes and yarns, tarred, 3 m.; yarns fit only
for oakum, 30 r. ; rope of sparte, 1 m.; sparte traces, 1 m. 600 r. Wad-
ding for guns, 800 r.; per quintal.
Wool, washed, 960 r.; cuizas, 240. ; dyed, 2 m. 880 r.; per arroba. Thread
of undyed, for sewing or embroidery, 1 m. 200 r. ; ditto for other pur-
poses, 240 r.; dyed for sewing or embroidery, 2 m. 400 r.; for other pur-
poses, 400 r. Carpets and rugs, 400 r. Blankets and coverlets, mixed or
not, 280 r. Shawls and handkerchiefs, of wool or de laine, or mixed with
any material except silk, dyed or printed, 1 m. 200 r. ; ditto, called chalies
marceline, or merino, mixed with any material except silk, and dyed or
printed, 2 m. 400 r. Cloths or dresses called chalies marceline, or merino,
dyed or not, or mixed with any material but silk, 1 m. 800 r. Damasked
cloth, Durack Estamenos worsted-work, in pieces or dresses, satins, sa-
tinettes, druggets, drills, amens, lastings, and gambroons, 480 r. Bom-
bazettes, de laine dresses, barragons, plainbacks, angolinas, Bruxellas,
shalloons, stuffs, and Scotch plaids, generally used for cloaks, also mixed
cloths of cotton and worsted called Lustres Orleans, plain and figured
cotton and worsted linings, 360 r. Baizes, serges, and drugget cloths,
170 r. Says, cassinetts, fine druggets, castors, flannels, bunting, and nun's
crape, 500 r. Coatings, raised baizes, dommets, serofenas, worsted sha >
&c., 280 r. Waddings, 240 r. Shawls and handkerchiefs of wool j
cassimeres, plain, or printed, or borders, 600 r. Castorinos and ladies
cloaking, Petershams, and woollen cloths, coarse, fine, and superfine, not
mixed, 600 r. ; mixed colours, 900 r. Parisiennes, printed, and Alpaca,
and printed mouselline-de-laine dresses, 540 r. Gambroons mixed with
other materials, 720 r. Hosiery, mixed or not, 600 r. Small-wares, as
buttons, cords, stay-laces, tapes, galloons, garters, belts, girths, fringes, &c.,
either of wool, or mixed with linen, cotton or hair, 700 r. Rags, 50 r.;
per arratel.
Cloth listings, 600 r. per arroba. Woollen manufactures made up, charged
with duty payable upon the highest rated material. -


PART X.] EUROPE. – Portug AL. 373
Official List of the Exportation of Wine from Oporto during the year 1843.
Pipes.
Great Britain • - . 21,244
Jersey and Guernsey - • 52
Gibraltar - * • 7
Newfoundland • - 130
Ports of Portugal - - - 157
Azores - - - 17
Cape Verdes - - 6
Angola • - 376
Brazil - - - . 2,541
Monte Video - - - 22
United States • - - 547
Denmark e - • 128
Sweden and Norway - - 85
Russia - - - 32
Hamburgh - e 879
France - - - 6
Holland - • - 75
Genoa • • - - I
Spain - • - - -
Cape of Good Hop - - 88
Messina e • - -
Total • 26,393
CUSTOM House REGULATIONS AT LISBON, RESPECTING
PASSENGERS’ BAGGAGE.
The following notice is publised by order of the Portuguese Government, for
the information of passengers who may proceed to the above-named port to re-
embark for other ports : —
GOVERNMENT NOTICE.
[Translation.]
It having been found that passengers frequently arrive at the port of this city
who are desirous of re-embarking in vessels on the point of leaving for foreign
ports, or having to wait for such opportunities, are desirous of avoiding the exa-
mination of their baggage, such examination causing them inconvenience and ex-
pense, and as the existing regulations of the Custom-house do not permit the
granting of such facilities, Her Majesty the Queen, with the view of affording
the utmost facilities to parties who may resort to the ports of this kingdom, but
at the same time without interfering with the necessary protection of the public
treasury, orders through the department of the Secretary of State for the Treasury
Affairs, that in future the following shall be the practice with regard to such pas-
sengers provided they shall have made first the necessary communication to the
Custom-house:–
1. Passengers who may wish to pass from the vessels in which they have
arrived to others on the point of sailing for foreign parts, may carry their baggage
on board such export vessel without its being opened, or undergoing exami-
nation.
A proper officer of the Custom-house will accompany each baggage from one
vessel to the other to prevent loss or fraud.
2. Passengers who, on their arrival at this port, may wish to proceed to other
ports, but who are unable to do so for want of an immediate opportunity, and
have consequently to wait, may send their baggage locked and marked to the
depository at the Custom-house, and receive it again when they leave this port
without its having been opened or examined. A Custom-house officer will accom-
pany such baggage on its being landed and re-shipped until it is on board the
export vessel, and will be responsible for any loss, either in its coming or going.


374 EUROPE.-Portugal. [1845.
-
This is communicated to the chief of the Custom-house of Lisbon for his infor-
mation, and that it may be duly attended to.—Given at the palace, on the 4th of
September, 1844,
(Signed) BARoN ToyAL.
Portuguese Consulate General, 15, St. Mary Axe,
London, 17th September, 1844.
TO THE EDITOR OF POPE'S JOURNAL OF TRADE.
Sir, We beg leave to hand you enclosed copies of correspondence respecting
trade with Portugal, which we shall feel obliged by your making public.
We are, Sir, your very obedient servants,
COCKBURN, BROTHERS, & CO.
60, Mark Lane, Aug. 23, 1844. -
60, Mark Lane, London, Aug. 14, 1844.
My Lord, We are induced to take the liberty of addressing your Lordship on
the following subject:-
The wine trade, in which we are engaged as Oporto merchants, has but recently
recovered from long and severe depression, caused by the protracted negotiation
with Portugal, respecting a mutual reduction of duties, and your Lordship will be
aware that the revenue sustained considerable injury in consequence of that de-
pression.
We are now threatened with a return of this injurious suspension of our trade,
and apparently without that valid reason for it which existed in the former in-
stance.
For some time past, the Lisbon correspondents of the press have weekly assured
their readers that a reduction of duties between Great Britain and Portugal may
now be looked upon as certain. We cannot but feel the injury which has been,
and may again be inflicted on our trade, by statements of this nature; and we,
therefore, request your Lordship to excuse our taking the liberty of inquiring
whether or not a renewal of the commercial negotiations with Portugal may be
considered probable.
We have the honour to be. my Lord, your Lordship's most obedient servants,
COCKBURN, BROTHERS, & CO.
The Right Hon. the Earl of Aberdeen,
Her Majesty's Principal Secretary of
State for Foreign Affairs.
Foreign Office, Aug. 16, 1844.
Gentlemen, I am directed by the Earl of Aberdeen to acknowledge the receipt
of your letter of the 14th instant, in which you request to be informed whether
commercial negotiations are likely to be re-opened with Portugal; and I am to
state to you, in reply, that his Lordship is not aware that there are any grounds
for supposing that such negotiations will be renewed.
I am, Gentlemen, your most obedient humble servant,
CANNING.
Messrs. Cockburn, Brothers, & Co.
MONEYS.
English Coins reduced into Portuguese, and the Portuguese into English, at the
Exchange of sixty-seven pence half-penny per mill rea, which is the par of Ex-
change between these Kingdoms; also, the paper-money, coins, measures, and
weights of both Kingdoms compared.
The following calculations are made at the rate of twenty-seven shillings sterling
for a moidore, or four mill, eight hundred reas, or 67% pence per mill rea, which is
the par of Exchange; although it is sometimes so high as 60 pence, and so low as
51 pence, according to the plenty or scarcity of bills or money.


PART X.] EUROPE.—Portugal. 375
GoLD Corn, # s. d.
1 piece of , or 7.500 2 2 2
} do. or 3 or 3.750 . 1 1 1
SILVER Coins of Portugal.
Portug. English.
Mill reas. reduced into # s. d.
0 480 a new crown - - - . 0 2 8,
0 240 do. or 12 vinten . - - - 0 1 4}
0 120 do. or 6 do. . - - - . 0 0 8,
0 60 do. or 3 do. - - - - 0 0 4}
0 100 a testoon . - - - - . 0 0 64
0 50 do. - - - - 0 0 3
Copper coins are 40 reas, 10, 5, and 3 rea pieces.
A mill rea is 1,000 reas, and is marked thus, l 3 000, is imaginary, and
generally used in book-keeping.,
MEASURES.
Cloth Measure.
A Vera is 43% inches, English. A Covado is 29 2 3inches, English.
- JPine Measure..
1 Almude 11 Canadas. An Almude is 43 Gallons, English.
1 Canada is 4 Quartillos. 1 Canada is 3 Pints, English.
Corn Measure.
1 Moyo is 12 Fangas. A Moyo of Salt is the same measure as
1 Fangas is 4 Alqueires. Corn.
1 Moyo 3 English Quarters, or 24 A Pipe of Coals is 16 Fangas.
Bushels, Winchester measure. 1 Fanga is 8 Alqueires.
A Quarter is 20 Alqueires. A Pipa of Coals is 128 Alqueires, which,
1 Bushel is 24 Alqueires. at 2%. Alqueires per Bushel, is 51}
1 Moyo is 15 Fangas, &c. Bushels, English.
WEIGHTS.
l Quintal is 4 Arrobas. An Arroba is about 32 lb. English.
1 Arroba is 32 lb., so that a Quintal is A Pound is about 16%. Ounces, English.
128 lb., Portugal weight, which is An English Sovereign for 4 3 100 or
equal to about 132 lb. English avoir- 4 $ 000 reas.
dupois weight. An English Shilling for 100 or 220 reas
AZO.R.E.S.
Principal ſººn..." (Island of Terceira), Ponta Delgada (Island of
St. Miguel, or St. Michael), Horta (Isle of Fayal), and Islands of St. George,
St. Marin, Pico, Graciosa, Corvo, and Flores.
The group of the Azores consists of nine islands, of which Angra, in Terceira,
is the capital and residence of the civil governor; but St. Michael's is the most
productive, and the seat of the bishop. It is 35 miles long, and about 10 broad
from north to south. Population, 105,000. All England attests the reputation *
of their oranges.—Rev. R. Walsh, Notices of Brazil.
FRUIT CROPS.
Fagal, Oct. 27, 1844.
The fruit crops here are more productive than for many years past.—Cor.


PART X.] EUROPE.—GIBRALTAR. 377
which by Order in Council, 14 September, 1838, is made a lawful tender in all the
British Colonies in which it is used, at the rate of 50d. sterling.
The Spanish doubloon is, by the same order, valued at 64 shillings sterling; but
in Gibraltar, as throughout Spain, it is valued at 16 dollars, and it here forms the
princpal money of payment.
WEIGHTS AND MEASURES.
are English, with the exception of the Arroba, which is equal to 26 lb. English, or
33 English gallons; and the Fanega, of which 5 (strike measure of Wheat) are
equal to 8 Winchester bushels, or 2 fanegas (heaped measure of maize and horse
beans) are equal to 4. Winchester bushels.
MALTA.
GEOGRAPHICAL SKETCH.
Malta, the Melite, or Melita, of Pliny and Strabo, with respect to its situation,
is farther distant from the main land than any other island in the Mediterranean.
It lies in 35°53' 36" N. latitude, and 14° 31'46" E. longitude from Greenwich.
The declination of the magnetic needle is 16 39 W. Its circumference is sixty
miles; greatest width, twelve miles: length, twenty miles; plain superficies,
ninty-five square miles; average population per square mile, 1,098. Total popu-
lation, 114,499.—Simmonds's Col. Mag.
Principal Port.—Valetta.
Malta in Europe.—The Island of Malta and its dependencies shall be
deemed to be in Europe. 3 & 4 Will. 4, c. 52, § 120.
Produce of Limits of Charter.—All goods the produce of places within
the limits of the East India Company's Charter, having been imported into
Malta from those places in British ships, shall, upon subsequent importation
into the United Kingdom direct from Malta, be liable to the same duties as
the like goods would respectively be liable to if imported direct from some
place within the limits of the said charter. 3 & 4 Will. 4, c. 56, § 10.
Manufactures.—All manufactures of Malta, made of materials of foreign
produce liable to duty upon importation into the United Kingdom, upon
which no such duty has been paid, or upon which drawback of such duty has
been allowed, in the United Kingdom, shall, for the purposes of duty, be
deemed and taken to be the produce of and imported from a foreign country.
6 & 7 Vict, c. 84, § 14. [Aug. 22, 1843.]
MONEYS.
20 Grani = 1 Tari.
12 Tari - 1 Scudo.
30 Tari - 1 Pezza or Sicilian Dollar.
The value of the Pezza is derived from that of the Sicilian Silver Scudo of 12
Sicilian Tari, is 49%d. sterling; but for general purposes of business, it is valued
at 50d. sterling, and the Maltese Scudo at 204. sterling.
WEIGHTS AND MEASURES.
The Cantero of 100 Rottoli 175.03 lb. Avoirdupois.
The Barile of Wine 9.35 Imperial Gallons.
The Caffiso of Oil 4.50 Imperial Gallons.
The Salma of Corn 7.88 Imperial Bushels.
The Canna of 8 Palmi 82.40 English Inches.
64 Rottoli 1 cwt.
3, Palmi 1 yard.
- —Tate’s Modern Cambist.


378 EUROPE.—MALTA. [1845.
-
ITALY.—SARDINIAN TERRITORIEs.
Principal Ports.-Cagliari, Genoa, Monaco, Nice, Spezzia or Speccia.
SARDINIA.
Treaty of Navigation between Her Majesty and the King of Sardinia, signed at
Turin, September 6, 1841.
(Ratifications exchanged at Genoa, Norember 6, 1841.)
Article 1. Reciprocity as to Ships.-British vessels which shall arrive laden in the ports of
the Kingdom of Sardinia, coming from the ports of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland; and, reciprocally, Sardinian vessels which shall arrive laden in the ports of the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, coming from the ports of Sardinia; as well as British or
Sardinian vessels which shall arrive in ballast, in respect of any voyage whatever, in the ports of
one or the other of these two kingdoms, shall be treated on their entry, during their stay, and
on their departure, on the same footing as national vessels, with respect to duties of tonnage,
harbour, light-houses, pilotage, quarantine, wharfage, beaconage, signals, and any other duties
of navigation whatever, which affect vessels, and are levied in the name and for the profit of
Government, public functionaries, communes, or establishments of whatever kind.
2. Nationality.—In order to avoid all misunderstanding with regard to the regulations ac-
cording to which are fixed the conditions which establish the nationality of vessels, it is agreed
that all vessels shall be considered as British vessels which are built in the dominions of Her
Britannic Majesty; and all those which, having been captured from an enemy by Her Majesty's
ships of war, or by her subjects furnished with letters of marque by the Lords Commissioners of
the Admiralty, shall have been regularly declared a lawful prize by one of the prize courts of Her
Britannic Majesty; as well as vessels which shall have bech condemned by any competent court
for a breach of the laws made for the º of the slave trade; provided that they are
owned, navigated, and registered according to the laws of Great Britain; that they are the
entire property of one or more of the subjects of Her Majesty the Queen of Great Britain and
Ireland: and that the master and three-fourths of the crew are British subjects.
In the same manner, all vessels shall be considered as Sardinian vessels which are built in the
dominions of His Sardinian Majesty; and all those which, having been captured from an enemy
by His Majesty's ships of war, or by his subjects furnished with letters of marque, shall have
been regularly declared a lawful prize by one of the prize courts of the kingdom of Sardinia; as
well as all vessels which shall have been condemned by any competent court for a breach of the
laws made for the prevention of the slave trade; lº. that they are owned, navigated, and
registered according to the laws of the said kingdom; that they are the entire property of one
or more subjects of His Sardinian Majesty; and that the master and three-fourths of the crew
are Sardinian subjects.
3. Placing of Ships loading and unloading.-In all that regards the stationing of vessels,
their loading and unloading in the ports, basins, roadsteads, and harbours of one of the two
countries, no privileges shall be accorded to national vessels which shall not be equally acceded
to the vessels of the other country; the desire of the contracting parties being that in this respect
likewise, vessels shall be treated on a footing of perfect equality.
4. Discharge of whole or part of Cargo. –Vessels of the two countries shall be at liberty to
discharge the whole or part of their cargo in the ports of the dominions of either of the high
contracting parties, according as the captain or the proprietor, or whoever is duly authorised to
act in the port as agent for the vessel or cargo shall consider advisable; and then proceed with
the remainder of the cargo to the other ports of the country.
... 5. Wrecks,—Should any ships of war or mercantile vessels of one of the two countries be
wrecked upon the coast of the other, such ships or vessels, or any part thereof, their rigging,
and all the appurtenances thereof, as well as all effects and merchandise which shall be saved
therefrom, or the proceeds of the sale thereof, shall be faithfully restored to the proprietors, or
their duly authorised factors, º being claimed by them. In the event of such proprietors or
factors not being on the spot, the said appurtenances, merchandise, or the proceeds thereof,
shall be delivered, together with all papers found on board such vessels, to the British or
Sardinian consul in whose district the wreck may have taken place; and such consul, proprietor,
or factor, shall pay only the expenses incurred in the preservation of the property, together with
the rate of salvage which would have been payable in the like case of a wreck of a national
vessel. The merchandise and goods saved from the wreck shall not be subject to the established
duties, unless cleared for consumption.
6. Coasting Trade-It is expressly understood that the preceding articles are not applicable
to the navigation of the coast, or coasting trade of each of the two countries, which is exclusively
reserved to each of the high contracting parties.
7. Gibraltar, or Malta.--British vessels arriving from Gibraltar or from Malta shall enjoy in
the ports of His Majesty the King of Sardinia, the same advantages as are accorded to British
vessels arriving from the ports of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland; and, reci-
procally, Sardinian vessels, which shall enter the ports of the Island of Malta or of Gibraltar,
shall enjoy all the advantages which are assured to them by the present treaty, when entering
the ports of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,


PART X.] EUROPE.-SARDINIA. 379
8. Duration of Treaty.—The present treaty shall be in force for the term of ten years from
the date of the exchange of the ratifications thereof, and further until the expiration of twelve
months after one of the contracting parties shall have announced to the other the intention to
terminate the same, each of the said high contracting parties reserving to itself the right of
giving such notice to the other at the end of the said term of ten years.
Ratifications.—The ratifications of the present treaty shall be exchanged at Turin, within the
space of two months from the date of the signature thereof, or sooner if possible.
In witness whereof, we, the plenipotentiaries have signed the same in double original, and have
affixed thereto the seals of our arms.
Dome at Turin, the 6th of September, 1841.
RALPH ABERCROMBY.
SoLAR DE LA MARGUERITE.
MONEYS.
100 Centissimi = 1 Lira Nuova.
The Liara Nuova is of the same value as the French Franc, or the Lira Italiana,
viz., 93d. sterling. The late money of Genoa was in Lire, Soldi, and Denari, called
fuori Banca. 5 Lire Nuove are reckoned equal to 6 Lire fuori Banco.
The Pezza is divided into 20 Soldi, each Denari, called Soldi, and Denari di
Pezza.
WEIGHTS AND MEASURES.
100 lb of Genoa = 69.88 lb. Avoirdupois.
100 Rottoli of 1; lb. = 104.83 lb. Avoirdupois.
The Barile of Wine = 16'34 Imperial Gallons.
The Mina of Corn — 3.31 Imperial Bushels.
The Braceio of 24 Palmi = 22.96 English Inches.
Tate's Modern Cambist.
CORSICA.
LIGHTS ON THE COAST.
Nov. 27, 1844.
The French Government has announced, that the following lights have been
established on the western side of the Island of Corsica.-- -
I. A fixed light on Revellata Point, at the western entrance of the Gulf of
Calvi, in latitude 43° 35' 10" N., and 8° 43' 50" E. of Greenwich. The light-
house is 28 feet high, and the light stands 240 feet above the level of the sea, and
in clear weather it will be seen at the distance of 18 miles.
2. An intermitting light on the summit of Sanguinario Island, at the entrance
of the Gulf of Ajaccio, in lat. 41° 52' 50" N., and long. 8° 35' 50' E. of Green-
wich. This light is varied every four minutes by a strong flash, which is preceded
and followed by a short interval of darkness, but the light will not quite disappear
within the distance of 10 miles. The lighthouse is 52 feet high, and the light
stands 321 feet above the level of the sea. It may be seen about 20 miles.
3. A revolving light on Cape Pertusato, at the western entrance of Bomfacio
Strait, in lat. 41° 22′ 10' N., and long. 9°11' 20" E. of Greenwich. This light
will revolve once every minute, but will not quite disappear within the distance of
10 miles. The lighthouse is 52 feet high, and the light is 324 feet above the level
of the sea. In very clear weather it may possibly be seen 27 miles.
ITALY.—PAPAL TERRITORIES.
MONEYS.
10 Bajocchi 1 Paoli.
100 Bajocchi 1 Scudi Romana.


380 EUROPE. – CoRsicA. [1845.
The silver value of Scudi is about 4s. 73d, sterling. The exchange on London,
479-10th Paoli per pound sterling.
WEIGHTS AND MEASURES.
100 Lira = 72.26 lb. Avoirdupois.
100 Braccia = 70.36 Imperial Yards.
100 Rubbio = 94.00 Imperial Quarters.
100 Boccali = 37.4 Imperial Gallons.
TRIESTE.
STATE OF TRADE.
From the accounts of the commercial state of Trieste, it appears that the entire
of the exchanges between that harbour and foreign countries, during the first half
of 1844, amounts to 94,000,000 f., or 300,000 f. less than in the corresponding
period of 1843. The imports present in 1844 a diminution of 2,365,000 f., but
the exports had increased by 2,066,000 f. In the same interval 797 vessels, mea-
suring 120,072 tons, entered the harbour, and 748, measuring 94,383 tons,
cleared; showing a decrease in the navigation of 99 vessels and 25,499 tons, as
compared with 1843. The coasting trade employed 42,000 tons more than during
the preceding year.—Moniteur.
AUSTRIAN TRADE WITH INDIA.
Trieste, June 15, 1844.
Some time ago the Austrian brigantine Joachim sailed with a cargo of Austrian
and German goods to the East Indies. Letters received within the last few days
from Bombay bring very favourable accounts of the result of the speculation.
Though the Joachim reached her destination somewhat too late, as the trading
season in those parts was at an end, nevertheless, the cargo sold well, and the
return freight, consisting entirely of the products of the country, is very satis-
factory to the owners. For the information of those engaged in German trade
and manufactures we select the following remarks from the letters received here.
The manufactured articles destined for the East India market should, in the first
place, be such as are suited to the wants of the country, and, next, they should
be of good quality. Ill-made goods will not find purchasers, and will soon shake
that commercial confidence which now rests on a firm footing. The goods must
be in the market at latest in the beginning of February; for, in that and the fol.
lowing month, the merchants repair from distant places to the sea-ports. All
important business is transacted during that interval, and consequently it is only
then that good back freights can be obtained. The articles which were found to
be most saleable in the cargo of the Joachim were steel and glass wares (among
the latter glass beads), cloths of middling fineness, merinos, and red indiana. It
is easy to foresee that the successful speculation of the Joachim will stimulate to
other enterprises of a similar kind.—Postamts Zeitung.
IONIAN ISLANDS.
Principal Ports.-Cephalonia, Cerigo, Corfu (Islands, of), Ith
(Island), Paxo (Island), St. Maura (Island), Teaki or hº (iii,
Zante (Island). >


PART X.] EUROPE.—Ion IAN IsLANDs. 381
Treaty between Great Britain and Russia, respecting the Ionian Islands, signed
at Paris, the 5th November, 1815.
Article 1. Independent State.—The islands of Corfu, Cephalonia, Zante, Maura, Ithaca, Cerigo,
and Paxo, with their dependencies, such as they are described in the treaty between His Majesty
the Emperor of all the Russias and the Ottoman Porte, on the 21st of March, 1800," shall form
a single free and independent state, under the denomination of the United States of the Ionian
Islands.
2. British protection.—This state shall be placed under the immediate and exclusive protection
of His Majesty the King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, and his heirs and
successors. The other contracting powers do consequently renounce every right or particular
pretension which they might have formed in respect to them, and formally guarantee all the dis-
positions of the present treaty.
7. Trading flag.—The trading flag of the United States of the Ionian Islands shall be ac-
knowledged by all the contracting parties as the flag of a free independent state.
8. Parties to accede.--All the powers which signed the treaty of Paris of the 30th May, 1814,
and the act of the Congress of Vienna of the 9th of June, 1815, and also His Majesty the King of
the two Sicilies, and the Ottoman Porte, shall be invited to accede to the present convention.
9. Ratification.—The present Act shall be ratified, and the ratification shall be exchanged in
two months, or sooner if possible.
In witness whereof the respective plenipotentiaries have signed it, and have affixed thereunto
the seals of their arms.
Done at Paris, the 5th November, 1815.
CASTLEREAGH. LE PRINCE DE RA soumo FFSKY.
WELLINGTON. LE CoMPTE CAM Po D'IsTRIA.
Note.—Similar treaties were signed on the same day by the plenipotentiaries of His Majesty
with those of the Emperor of Austria and the King of Prussia respectively.
PASS.
Extract of the Constitutional Chart of the United States of the Ionian Islands, as
agreed on and passed unanimously by the Legislative Assembly, on the 2nd of
May, 1817.
6. Pass.-With a view to ensure the most perfect protection to the commerce of these islands,
every vessel, navigating under the Ionian flag, shall be bound before leaving the port of the
Ionian States to which she belongs, to provide herself with a pass, signed by the Lord High
Commissioner of the protecting sovereign, and no vessel sailing without such pass shall be con-
sidered as navigating according to law. But it is reserved to His Majesty to decide how far it
may be necessary that, independent of such pass, they should further be bound to supply them-
selves with Mediterranean passes. [See Turkey.]
IONIAN WESSELS.
By T. L., May 25, 1839, Ionian vessels are to be treated on a footing of equality with British
ships in respect to direct voyages between the ports of the Ionian States and those of the United
Kingdom and the British Colonies.
* “The islands of Corfu, Zante, Cephalonia, Santa Maura, Ithaca, Paxo, Cerigo, and all the
large and small islands, inhabited and uninhabited, which are situated opposite to the coasts of
the Morea and Albania, which were detached from Venice, and have recently been conquered.”
—(Art. 2.)
CEPHALONIA.
LATEST INTELLIGENCE.
Cephalonia, Oct. 7, 1844.
Currants at present sell only in small quantities, holders being unwilling to part
with their stock at the price of 32 thal per 1,000 lb. Our sales hitherto amount
to 2,000,000 lb, of which about 178,150 fö, were shipped for Plymouth, 201,317 ih
for Preston, 579,679 ib for Liverpool, 285,956 lb for Bristol, 311,458 ſh for
Rotterdam, and 178,000 lb. for Falmouth. – Cor.


382 EUROPE.-Ion IAN IsLANDs. [1845.
MONEYS.
The only coinage of the States is a small currency to the amount of £11,000
sterling, viz.:-
Silver . . . ; Shillings . . . £1,000.
} Pence . . . . f6,000. º
Pence . . { * ,, . . . . $4,000.
Porter's Official Tables.
The money of account is in British currency, or pounds, shillings, and pence,
sterling. Spanish doubloons valued at 15% Spanish dollars, Spanish pillar-dollars
valued at 104 oboli or halfpence, and German dollars valued at 100 oboli, are also
current, and the latter are also partially the money of account.
500 Oboli — 1 Spanish Dollar.
The money of account is either in dollars and oboli, or in pounds, shillings, and
pence, the dollar being valued at 48. 4d. Sterling, or more properly Ionian
currency.
Spanish doubloons are valued at 16 Spanish dollars, and German and Venetian
dollars at 4s. 2d, I. C.
N.B. The division of the dollar into 500 oboli, is in conformity with an Act of
the Ionian Parliament, dated January 23, 1836.
WEIGHTS AND MEASURES.
The Imperial weights and measures of Great Britain are employed, but with
Italian denominations.
The Troy pound is the libbra sottile; the Avoirdupois pound, the libbra grossa.
The centinajo is 100 libbre, and the migliajo is 1,000 libbre.
In measures of capacity the gallone is divided into 8 dicotoli; 8 galloni make
1 chilo (Imp. bushel), and 16 galloni, 1 barile.
In measures of length, 5% yarde make 1 carnaco, and 22 yarde, 1 stadio.
VENICE.
STATE OF TRADE.
From returns of the trade of Venice in 1843, it results that the number of
vessels that entered, or sailed from, that harbour during that year, was 1,233,
measuring 142,972 tons, or 211 more than in 1842. The principal items of its
imports in 1843 were, from Turkey, 3,408,000 f.; England and her possessions,
3,304,000 f.; the Ionian Islands, 582,000 f.; Sweden and Norway, 1,400,000 f.;
the Roman States, 1,349,000 f.; The Two Sicilies, 1,134,000 f.; Brazils, 938,000f.;
Russia, 845,000 f.; France, 318,000 f. The exports in the same year were—to
the Roman States, 3,718,000 f.; to England and her possessions, 2,329,000 f.;
the Ionian Islands, 644,000 f.; Turkey, 1,229,000 f.; the Two Sicilies, 913,000 f.;
France, 644,000 f.—Moniteur. .
MONETARY SYSTEM.
Accounts are kept in Venice (and have been since 1824) in Austrian lire, of about
the value of 8d., and cents of the Austrian lira. -
The pieces of money in circulation are— -
SILVER—The Convention dollar of 6. 0 Austrian lire.
DO. 3 * florin of 3. 0 3 *
The Austrian piece of 1. 0 > y
Do. ; : ,, of 0.50 centesimi.
Do. 3 y ,, of 0.25 5 y
CoPPER—The Austrian ,, of 5 ??
Do. 27 5 * of 3 2 *
Do. y 7 > * of 1 × 2 -
There are also pieces of gold of 40 and 20 Austrian lire, but these are subject
to an agio, silver being a legal tender in the Austrian States.
Report by J. Bowring, LL.D.


PART X.] EUROPE.—LoMBARDo-VENETIAN STATEs. 383
LOMBARDO-VENETIAN STATES.
NIONEYS.
100 Centesimai — 1 Lira Austriaca.
The Lira is also divided into 20 Soldi Austriachi.
The Lira is the same value as the twenty kreutzer piece, or one-third of an
Austrian florin. The piece of three lire is of the same value as a florin, and the
piece of six lire as a species dollar.
The value of the lira in sterling 8%d. sterling, from which the par of exchange
is lire 29.52 cent. per pound sterling, or 483d. Sterling for six lire,
WENETIAN WEIGHTS AND MEASURES.
100 Libbre, peso grosso 105.17 lb. Avoirdupois.
100 Libbre, pesso sottile 66.41 lb. Avoirdupois.
100 Secchi 236.19 Imperial Gallons.
100 Staji 29.19 Imperial Quarters.
100 Braccia, Woollen Measure 74.47 Yards.
100 Braccia, Silk measure 69.81 Yards.
Tate's Modern Cambisł.
:
{}RAND DUCHY OF TUSCANY.
FIXED LIGHT.
Hydrographic Office, Admiralty, Jan. 22, 1844.
The Grand Ducal Government of Tuscany has given notice, that a small fixed
light was exhibited on the 15th inst., from the tower on Palmajola Island, in the
Piombino Channel, in lat. 42° 52' 6" N., and long. 10° 28' 50" E.
This light is 338 feet above the level of the sea, but from its minuteness it may
not be visible beyond the distance of five miles.
It will continue to be shown every night until replaced by a more powerful
light, which is now preparing, and of which due notice will be given.
MONEYS.
Accounts are kept in effective Livres.
Private accounts are kept in Scudi, Tari, and Grains—20 grains 1 Tari, 12
Tari 1 Sc., 21 Sc. the dollar of exchange.
WEIGHTS.
The cantaro consists of 100 rotoli of 30 ounces each, and is equal to 175 lb.
English; 793 killograms of Amsterdam; 793 killograms or 195 lb. poids de table
of Marseilles; 1723 lb. of Castile in Spain; 233 lb. of Tuscany; 262} lb.
peso sottile of Venice; 89 rotoli peso grosso of Naples; 141; funte of Trieste,
and 62} okes of Constantinople, Smyrna, and Alexandria, and 5 puds of Odessa.
Malta cotton wool is sold by the Cantaro of Rotoli, 114 of which is equal to 200
lb. English; 16 cantars are equivalent to a chaldron of 36 bushels. The pesata is
330 rotoli, or 5773 lb. English; one English ton is equal to rot. 1280.
MEASURES.
The salma (strike measure) consists of 16 tummoli, and is equal to 7 bushels
and 74 gallons of England imperial measure; 3% sacks of Amsterdam; 13 chet-
verts of Odessa; 43 sacks of Leghorn; 5% tummoli of Naples; 13 charge of Mar-
seilles; 5 fanegas of Gibraltar; 1 ardep of Rosetta, and 8 kiloes of Constanti-
nople; the heaped measure is about 16 per cent. more than the strike measure;
the caffiso is equal to 4% gallons, and the barrel to about 9% gallons English impe-
rial measure; the cane, long measure, is divided into 8 palms of 10} inches Eng-
lish, or 92.88 French lines each. Liquids are still sold by the gallon old measure,
but our sterling prices are calculated by the imperial gallon.


384 EUROPE.-GRAND Duchy of TUScANY. [1845.
TARES.
On coffee in casks 10 per cent. ; barrels 11 per cent. ; bags 1 rotolo each. On
sugars, Brazil in cases 20 per cent. : Havannah, ditto, 13 per cent. i. crushed in
casks 10 per cent.: East India in bags 5 to 7 rotoli each. Currants in butts 13
per cent., and in smaller casks 14 per cent. Tea: Hyson 11 rotoli; Souchong
i2 rotoli per chest; other articles, weight of package.
Charges on sales for cash (exclusive of freight and insurance), 5 to 6 per cent, :
charges on purchases about 4 per cent.—Leghorn Price Current.
NAPLES.
Principal Ports.-Brindisi, Barletta, Cassano, Castel-a-mare, Gallipoli,
Manfredonia, Naples.
PIER OR JETTY.
Sicilian Consulate General, Naples, Feb. 17, 1844.
The pier or jetty of the New Military Mole of Naples having been considerably
lengthened, it becomes necessary that mariners should be informed, that it now
extends as far as in the front of the lighthouse and the Old Mole, bearing N. 4
degrees N.E., and is consequently in the track which vessels might steer in coming
direct from the grand entrance of Capri, towards the said lighthouse.
NEW LIGHTHOUSE.
Naples, Feb. 29, 1844.
Upon the mole of the fort facing the sea at Brindisi, at the height of 123 palms, .
equivalent to 32.54 metres above the level of the sea, there has now been esta,
blished a lighthouse, illuminated in the ancient manner. The latitude is 40° 39'
17t, N.; the longitude, 15° 37' 57" meridian of Paris, and 3° 42/ 50// meridian of
the Royal Observatory at Naples. This new light has been lighted since the 20th
of January last. From the Sicilian Consulate General.
NEW LIGHT.
[Copy of a Dispatch from H.M. Consul.]
Naples, March 8, 1844.
Sir, I beg leave to report to you, for the information of the Earl of Aberdeen,
that I have received a note from His Excellency the Prince of Scilla, Minister of
State for Foreign Affairs of the Sicilian Government, apprising me that a light has
been established at the entrance of the port of Brindisi, on the Adriatic coast, on
a small island, on which a fort is constructed, and on which a small military de-
tachment is usually maintained. The place is designated in the charts as the
“Forte à Mare,’ and the official communication represents the position of it to be
in lat. 40° 39' 17" N.; long., by the meridian of Paris, 15°57' 57" E., and from
the Royal Observatory at Naples, 3°42'50' E., the height of the light from the
level of the sea being 123 palms, equal to 103 feet.
In the event of a good light being established in that position, it will prove of
great benefit during the winter season to vessels coming down the Adriatic.
I have, &c.,
To John Bidwell, Esq., Foreign Office. 'THöMAs GALLWEY.
GALLIPOLI.
SOUNDINGS IN THE SEA OF MARMORA REPORTED TO BE
INCORRRECT.
The Montefiores, Captain Duffill, arrived at Falmouth from Odessa, reports
that in beating down the Sea of Marmora towards Gallipoli, more generally known
as the Dardanelles, in lat. 40° 24' 50" N., long. 26° 39' 45ſ, E., Gallipoli bearing
W.S.W. 8 or 9 miles distance from the shore, three quarters of a mile from


PART X.] EUROPE.—NAPLEs. 385
the north shore, sighted the bottom under the ship, and found but 4 fathoms
water, when his charts, two in number, indicated 21 fathoms close to the mainland.
Captain Duffil also states that the opposite shore is also incorrectly laid down,
making the channel narrow and dangerous for 9 or 10 miles E. of Gallipoli.
POSITION OF THE PIER, SCOGLIERA.
[Translation.]
Naples, Oct. 21, 1844.
The national and foreign mercantile navy is hereby informed, that the point of
the pier of the new military port of Naples is at the present time opposite the
great light of the 3rd class, situate upon the Old Mole to the northward.
EXPORTATION OF CORN TO FOREIGN COUNTRIES.
The following has been received from the Sicilian Consulate-General, June 15,
1844 :—
Naples, May 3, 1844.
The exportation to foreign countries of wheat and all other descriptions of
grain, pulse, and of seed, is prohibited in all our Royal dominions until our
further Sovereign pleasure, from this very day here, and from the day of the
pubication of the present decree in foreign states.
FERDIN AND.
MONEYS.
100 Grani - I Ducat.
The Ducat is also divided into 5 Tari, or 10 Carlini.
The Neapolitan ducat, which is of silver, is called del Regno ; its value is
3s. 33d. Sterling, making the par of the exchange of Naples upon London 603;
Grani per £ sterling.
WEIGHTS AND MEASURES.
The Cantaro Grosso of 100 Rottoli - • 196.42 lb. Avoirdupois.
The Cantaro Piccolo of 150 Libbre of 12 oz. 106.07 ditto.
:
The Barile of Wine . - - - 9.11 ImperialGallons.
The Tolomo of Wheat . - - - - 1.41 Imperial Bushels.
A Canna - - - - - - - 83.18 English Inches.
Tafe’s Modern Cambisł.
SICILY.
Principal Ports.-Alicata, Catania, Cefalu, Girgenti, Messina, Marsala,
Mazara, Palermo, Sciacca, Syracuse, Trapani, Terra Nova, Termini.
Treaty of Commerce and Navigation between His Britannic Majesty and the
King of the Two Sicilies, together with a separate and additional Article
thereunto annexed, signed at London, Sept. 26, 1816.
Article 1. Privileges of His Britannic Majesty's subjects, commerce and shipping under
former treaties abolished.
2. Abolished privileges not to be granted to any other power.
3. British subjects not to be liable to stricter searches by officers of customs than Sicilian sub-
jects.
4. British commerce to be on the footing of that of the most favoured nations.
5. British subjects to have the same personal privileges to traffic, travel, &c. as those of the
most favoured nations.
6. Privileges and exemptions actually existing of British commerce not to be declared void,
until the same day, and by the same act, those of all other nations shall be so declared.
7. His Sicilian Majesty promises to make a reduction of 10 per cent. upon the amount of
duties, payable according to the tariff in force the 1st of January, 1816, upon the total of the
merchandise or production of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, her colonies,
possessions, .."dependencies, imported into the states of His said Sicilian Majesty, according
to the tenor of Article 4 of the present convention—it being understood that nothing in this
Article shall be construed to prevent the King of the Two Sicilies from granting, if he shall
think proper, the same reduction of duty to other foreign nations.
2 C


388 EUROPE.--TURKEY. [1845.
goods to be exported, and shall also deter.aia“ on the places of shipment where it may be most
convenient that such duties should be levied. -
Duration of ºr Tariff.-The new tariff thus established, to be in force for seven years after
it has been fixed, at the end of which time it shall be in the power of either of the parties to de-
m and a revision of that tariff; but if no such demand be made on either side within the six
months after the end of the first seven years, then the tariff shall remain in force for seven years
more, reckoned from the end of the preceding seven years; and so it shall be at the end of each
successive period of seven years. -
8. Ratific utions.—The present Convention shall be ratified, and the ratification shall be ex-
changed at Constantinople within the space of four months.
In witness whereof, the respective Plenipotentiaries have signed the game, and have affixed
there seals th reto.
Done at 13.1;ta-Liman, near Constant...lople, on the 16th August, 1838.
* Signed in the Turkish Original.)
Poxso NBY. MUsTAPHA REslā1N.
MustAPIſ A K1ANEE.
MEHEMED Nou BEE.
idºtiva:l Articles.
Guo's in Transit.—Cert:1,i … is 'si 's having arisen between the Ambassador of Her Britamic
Majesty and the Plenipotentiaries of the Sablime Porte, in fixing the new conditions which
should regulate the commerce in British gºods imported into the Turkish dominions, or passing
through the same in transit, it is agreed oetween His Excellency the British Ambassador and the
Plenipotentiaries of the Sublime Porte, that the present convention should receive their sigma-
tures, without the articles which have reference to the above-mentioned subjects forming part of
the body of the said convention.
But at the same time it is also agreed --the folio wing Articles having been consented to by the
Turkish Government—that they shall be submitted to the approbation of Her Majesty’s Govern-
ment, and should they be approved and accepted by Her M jesty's Government, they shall thea
form an integral part of the treaty now cºncluded.
The Articles in question are the following:
Article 1. Duties on Goods of the United Kin lon.—All articles being the growth, produce, or
manufacture of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and its dependencies, and all
merchandise of whatever description, embarked in British vessels, and being the property of
British subjects, or being brought over land, or by sea, from other countries by the same, shall
be admitted, as heretofore, into all parts of the Ottoman dominions, without exception, on the
payment of three per cent. duty, calculated upon the value of such articles.
Interior Duties. &c.—And in lieu of all other and interior dutics, whether levied on the pur-
chaser or seller, to which these articles are at present subject, it is agreed that the importer after
receiving his goods, shall pay, if he sells them at the place of reception, or if he sends them
thence to be sold elsewhere in the interior of the Turkish Empire, one fixed duty of two per cent. ;
after which such goods may be sold and re-sold in the interior, or exported without any further
duty whatsoever being levied or demanded on them.
But all goods that have paid the three per cºnt. import duty at one port, shall be sent to
another free from any further duty, and it is only when sold there, or transmitted thence into
the interior, that the second duty shall be paid.
It is always understood that Her Majesty's Government do not pretend, either by this article
or any other in the present Treaty, to stipulate for more than the plain and fair construction of
the terms employed; nor to preclude, in any manner, the Ottoman Government from the
exercise of its rights of internal administration, where the exercise of those rights does not
evidently infringe upon the privileges accorded by ancient treaties, or the present treaty, to
British merchandise or British subjects.
2. Trading in foreign Goods by British Subjects.--All foreign goods brought into Turkey
from other countries shall be freely purchased and traded in, in any manner, by the subjects of
Her Britannic Majesty or the agents for the same, at any place in the Ottoman dominions; and
if such foreign goods have paid no other duty than the duty paid on importation, then the British
subject or his agent shall be able to purchase such foreign goods on paying the extra duty of
two per cent, which he will have to pay on the sale of his own imported goods, or on their
transmission for sale into the interior: and after that such foreign goods shall be resold in the
interior, or exported, without further duty; or should such foreign goods have already paid the
amount of the two duties (i.e., the import duty and the one fixed interior duty), then they shall
be purchased by the British subject or his agent, and afterwards resold or exported, without being
ever submitted to any further duty.
3. British Goods passing Dardanelles or Bosphorus.--No charge whatever shall be made
upon British goods (such goods being the growth, produce, or manufacture of the United
Kingdom, or its dependencies, or the growth, produce, or manufacture of any foreign country,
and charged in British vessels and belonging to British subjects)—passing through the Straits
of the Dardanelles, of the Bosphorus, and of the Black Sea, whether such goods shall pass
through these straits in the ships that brought them, or are transhipped in those straits, or
destined to be sold elsewhere, or landed with a view to their being transferred to other vessels
and thus to proceed on their voyage) within a reasonable time. -
Transmission of Goods to other Countries.—All merchandise imported into Turkey for the
purpose of being transmitted to other countries, or which, remaining, in the hands of the
importer, shall be transmitted by him for sale to other countries, shall only pay the duty of
three per cent, paid on importation, and no other duty whatsoever.
Done at Balta-Liman, near Constantinople, the 16th August, 1838.
(Signed in the Turkish original)
Ponso NBY. MUsTAPHA RESHID.
MUSTAPHA KIANEE.
MEHEMED Nou REE.


PART X.] EUROPE,--TURKEY. 389
Official Note delivered to Lord Ponsonby by His Excellency Nouree Effendi, on
the 27th of August, 1838, relative to the 2nd Article of the preceding Con-
vention.
It is stipulated by the 2nd Article of the Treaty of Commerce concluded between the Sublime
Porte and the British Government on the 25th Djemaziulevvel, 1254 (16th August, 1838), that
English merchants are at liberty to purchase all kinds of merchandise in the Ottoman Empire.
But in order that the right of English merchants to sell within the Ottoman Empire, or to
export the merchandise which they may purchase, may not be liable to misconception, the
Embassy of Her Britannic Majesty has desired that an explanation should be given on this
point, either in the treaty itself, or in a special note.
Freedom of purchase, &c., by English merchants.-The meaning of the passage of which an
elucidation is requested, is clear, from the relation which the subsequent points in the 2nd
Article bear to each other. But we nevertheless repeat that English merchants may, in virtue
of the treaty, purchase within the Ottoman empire all kinds of merchandise, or may, if they
think proper, send the same abroad, after having paid the duty thereon stipulated by the treaty,
or may, if they think fit, re-sell the same within the Ottoman empire, on conforming to the
arrangements established by the said treaty with reference to internal commerce.
Such are the arrangements of the treaty, and we give this explanation to the ambassador,
renewing to His Excellency the assurances of our sincere and perfect friendship.
. The 7th Djemaziul-akir, 1254 (27th August, 1838.)
Declaration agreed upon and signed by the respective Plenipotenţiaries upon the
earchange of the Ratifications of the preceding Convention
* Commencement of Treaty.—Whereas it appears, on examining the English translation of the
8th Article of the Turkish original of the Treaty signed at Balta-Liman on the 16th of August,
1838, that certain words are inserted in that article in the Turkish language, which, have no
equivalent words in the English original of the same article of that treaty signed by the British
plenipotentiary, these words being to the effect that the treaty is not to come into operation
until the 1st day of March, 1830; and whereas it is desirable to prevent all doubts which might
arise in consequence of the difference between the texts of the English and Turkish originals of
the treaty; it is hereby declared to be the understanding of the plenipotentiaries on both sides
that the treaty aforesaid shall begin to have effect on the 1st day of March, 1839.
Turkish text of “overland or by sea,” or “ by sea.” It is further agreed and declared,—
the Turkish text of the first of three additional articles containing the words “overland or by
sea,” and the words “ or by sea,” having been omitted in the English text, but having been
introduced into Her Britannic Majesty’s ratifications—that these words shall be considered as
having the same force and validity as if they had been inserted in the original articles signed by
the British and Turkish Plenipotentiaries respectively
Done at Calender, on the 16th November, 1838.
(Signed in the Turkish original.)
Ponso NBY. MUSTAPEIA RIANEE.
MEIIEMED Nou REE,
-
Convention between Great Britain, Austria, France, Prussia, Russia, and Tur-
key, respecting the Straits of the Pordenelles and of the Bosphorus. Signed.
at London, July 13, 1841.
-
IN THE NAME of THE Most MERCI Fu L GoD !
Article 1. Prohibition for ships to enter the Straits of the Dardanelles and the Bosphorus,
His Highness the Sultan, on the one part, declares that he is firmly resolved to maintain for the
future the principle invariably established as the ancient rule of his empire, and in virtue of
which it has at all times been prohibited for the ships of war of foreign powers to enter the
Straits of the Dardanelles and of the Bosphorus; and that, so long as the Porte is at peace, His
Highness will admit no foreign ship of war into the said Straits. -. -
And their Majesties the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Em-
peror of Austria, King of Hungary and Bohemia, the King of the French, the King of Prussia,
and the Emperor of all the Russias, on the other part, engage to respect this determination of
the Sultan, and to conform themselves to the principle above declared.
2. Firmans of Passage.—It is understood that in recording the inviolability of the ancient
rule of the Ottoman Empire mentioned in the preceding Article, the Sultan reserves to himself,
as in past times, to deliver firmans of passage for light vessels under flag of war, which shall be
employed as is usual in the service of the missions of foreign powers.
3. Communication to other Powers.-His Highness the Sultan reserves to himself to com-
municate the present Convention to all the Powers with whom the Sublime Porte is in relations
of friendship, inviting them to accede thereto. - - -
Ratification.—The present Convention shall be ratified, and the ratification thereof shall be
exchanged at London at the expiration of two months, or sooner if possible.
In witness whereof the respective plenipotentiaries have signed the same, and have affixed
thereto the seals of their arms.


390 EUROPE—TURKEY—SERVIA. [1845.
Dome at London, the thirteenth day of July, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hun-
dred and forty-one.
PALMERston. CHEKIE.
EstERHAzY.
NEUMANN.
iSourquENEY.
Hulow.
BRUNNow.
ANCI IORAGE.
Where Wessels to Anchor. &c.—By O. C., Aug. 13, 1836, all vessels clearing out from the
United Kingdom for the Levant must anchor on the Asiatic shore, off the town of Scutari, a little
below Leander’s tower, having a yellow flag flying at their main-top-gallant mast, there to
remain until visited by the harbour-master, and furnished by him with the required firman.
LATEST INTELLIGENCE.
Smyrna, Oct. 19, 1844.
Money is this moment very scarce here, and therefore business is suffering.
Cotton however maintains its value of 190 to 210 dollars per quintal, according
to quality. Coffee and Sugar are rather firmer, the former having been paid with
390 to 426 p. per 100 okes, and the latter (Dutch refined) with 160 to 180 p.
per quintal. In other colonial produce nothing worth mentioning occurred. Of
manufactured goods some sorts sell pretty well, whilst arrivals from England have
been disposed of. Exchange on London 1063 to 1063, Marseilles 1664 to 167,
Trieste 436 to 438, Leghorn 143.-Cor.
MONEYs.
40 Paras F 1 Piastre.
The money of Turkey is so much debased, that it bears but little more than a
nominal value.—Bills and merchandise are chiefly valued from the rate borne by
Foreign Coins, particularly Spanish and German Dollars.-Reckoning the former
at 22 Piastres, the value of the Piastre is about 2%d. sterling.
SERVIA.
WEIGHTS AND MEASURES.
The Rottolo of 180 Drams 1.27 lb. Avoirdupois.
The Oke of 400 Drams 2.83 lb. Avoirdupois.
The Almud (Liquid Measure) 1.15 lb. Imperial Gallon.
The Killow of Corn 0.96 Imperial Bushel.
The Pike 26; English Inches.
Tate's Modern Cambist.
:
BLACK SEA.
Principal Ports belonging to Russia.--Kertsch and Odessa.
ODESSA.
AUSTRIAN WESSELS AND CARGOES.
By O. C., Dec. 10, 1842, Her Mºy is pleased to order and declare, that Austrian vessels
and their cargoes, consisting of such of the produce of Galicia as can be legally imported into
the United Kingdom and the British possessions abroad, from the ports of Åustria y the said
vessels, shall, when coming from Odessa, be admitted into the ports of the United Kingdom
and of the British possessions abroad, in as full and ample a manner as if the port of Ödess.
were within the dominions of Austria; and such vessels shall be permitted to import the produce


PART X.] EUROPE.—GREEcE, &c. 391
above mentiomed upon the same terms on which the same produce might be imported if coming
from Austrian ports, it being understood that these privileges are to extend to the vessels of
Austria and their cargoes only so long as British vessels and their cargoes shall, upon their
arrival at, and departure from, the port of Odessa, continue to be placed upon the same
footing as the vessels of Austria and their cargoes, and so long as the cargoes which may be
legally imported into the Austrian dominions through the port of Odessa in British vessels, shall
continue to be placed in the Austrian dominions upon the same footing as the like cargoes so
imported in Austrian vessels.
GREECE.
A kingdom of Europe, extending from Cape Matapan, the most southern point
of its continent in lat. 36.21 N., to its most northern frontier with Turkey, in
lat. 39 13 N.—Landmann's Gazetteer.
Convention of Commerce and Navigation between Her Majesty and the King of
Greece, signed at London, October 4, 1837.
15. Duration.—The present convention shall be in force for ten years from the date of the
exchange of the ratifications thereof; and further, until the end of twelve months after either of
the high contracting parties shall have given notice to the other of his intention to terminate the
same ; each of the high contracting parties reserving to itself the right of giving such notice to
the other, at the end of the ten years above mentioned, or at any other period after that time;
and it is hereby agreed between them, that, at the expiration of twelve months after such notice
shall have been received by either party from the other, this convention, and all the provisions
thereof, shall altogether cease and determine.
16. Ratifications.—The present convention shall be ratified, and the ratifications shall be
exchanged at London, within three months from the date hereof.
In witness whereof the respective plenipotentiaries have signed the same, and have affixed
thereto the seals of their arms. -
Dome at London, 4th October, 1837.
PALMERSTON.
S, TRICOUPI.
[This convention was given at large in the Journal for several years. As, however, the essen-
tial parts touching imports and exports are embodied in the subsequent order, it is now removed
to make room for new matter.—Ed.]
ORDER FOR CARRYING TREATY INTO EFFECT,
By O. C., July 5, 1838, Greek vessels, entering or departing from the ports of the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, together with the cargoes on board the same (such
cargoes consisting of articles which may be legally imported or exported), shall not be subject to
any other or higher duties or charges whatever than are or shall be levied on British vessels
entering or departing from such ports, or on similar articles, when imported into or exported
from such ports in such vessels; and also, such articles when exported from the said ports, in
Greek vessels, shall be entitled to the same bounties, drawbacks, and allowances that are granted
on similar articles when exported in British vessels.
BRITISH POSSESSIONS ABROAD.
See p. 41.
MONEYS.
The following coins are the only ones taken at the Treasury, which gives in ex-
change new coin, according to the following tariff —
Drachm. Lepta.
The franc - - - ... 1 11
5 franc piece - - - 5 58
20 ditto, gold - - - . 22 33
40 ditto, ditto - - 44 66
New Louis d'or - - - . 26 54
Dollars (Tallero Colontai) - - 6 3
Maria Theresa, and other Austrian and Bavarian dollars 5 78
Austrian sovereigns (gold) - - . 38 88
Austrian and Bavarian ducats - - 13 6
Dutch ducats - - - - . 13 17
Cor.


392 EUROPE.—GREEcE, MoREA, &c. [1845.
MOREA AND GREEK ISLANDS.
Principal Ports.-Andro, Argentierra (Islands of), Canea, Coron, Can-
dia, Cos. Cyprus (Islands of), Delos (Isle of), Hydra (Island), Lemnos.
(Island), Mylo, Mycone, Mytilene (Islands of), Napoli di Romania, Nava-
rino, Naxia, Negropont, Nicaria (Islands of), Paros, Patmos, Patras
(Islands), Rhodes (Island), Scio, Spezzia, Scarpanto, Stampalia, Syra, San-
torini, Skyro, Samos (Islands), Tenedos, Tino (Islands),
CURRANTS.
Peroeus, Oet. 26, 1844.
According to a Government notification, the price of Currants in different dis-
tricts of Greece has been fixed as follows:—Patras at 300, Messina at 216,
Corinth at 240, and Argoles at 198 drachmas, according to which the export duty
for next year is to be calculated.—Cor.
LATEST INTELLIGENCE.
Patras, Nov. 5, 1844.
Patras and Vostizza Currants are worth 40 to 41 thal per 1,000 lb., and from
the Provinces 8 to 10 thal less. Calamata Figs have risen, and are paid 18-5 to
19 drachmen per 1,000 baskets, Falconea Comata may be bought at 17 thal per
1,000 lb., free on board.—Cor. -
MONEYS.
100 Leptas —— I Phonix.
6 Phonix -- I Spanish Dollar.
Čor-


P A R T THE EL EVENT H.
A S I A.
BRITISH POSSESSIONS.
As to the importation into the United Kingdom of Goods, the produce of
Asia, and also as to importation into British Possessions in Africa or America,
see p. 1 and 39.
As to the Trade between neighbouring Ports being declared a Coasting
Trade, see p. 298.
How the King may regulate Trade of Colonies.—It shall be lawful for
His Majesty, by any orders in council to be issued from time to time, to
make such regulations touching the trade and commerce to and from any
British possessions on or near the continent of Europe, or within the Medi-
terranean Sea, or in Africa, or within the limits of the East India Company's
charter (excepting the possessions of the said Company), as to His Majesty
in Council shall appear most expedient and salutary; and if any goods be
imported or exported in any manner contrary to such order, the same shall
be forfeited, together with the ship importing or exporting the same. 3 & 4
Will. 4, c. 59, § 81.
WAREHOUSING.
How any Goods may be Warehoused for Erportation, see p. 257.
CORN.
Certificate of Corn imported into the United Kingdom.—No corn, grain,
meal, or flour shall be shipped from any port in any British possession out
of Europe, as being the produce of any such possession, until the owner, or
proprietor, or shipper thereof shall have made and subscribed, before the
Collector of Customs” at the port of shipment, a declaration in writing, spe-
cifying the quantity of each sort of such corn, &c., and that the same was
the produce of some British possession out of Europe, to be named in such
declaration, nor until such owner or proprietor, or shipper shall have obtained
from the Collector of Customs of the port a certificate, under his signature,
of the quantity of corn, &c., so declared to be shipped; and before any corn,
&c., shall be entered at any place in the United Kingdom, as being the
produce of any British possession out of Europe, the master of the ship im–
porting the same shall produce and deliver to the Collector or other Chief
Officer of Customs of the place of importation, a copy of such declaration,
certified to be a true copy thereof, under the hand of the Collector of Cus-
toms, at the port of shipment, before whom the same was made, together
with the certificate, signed by the said collector, of the quantity of corn so
declared to be shipped; and such master shall also make and subscribe,
* “Or other chief officer”—to be understood in each case.


394 ASIA.—ARABIA. [1845.
before the Collector of Customs at the place of importation, a declaration in .
writing, that the several quantities of corn, &c., on board such ship, and
proposed to be entered under the authority of such declaration, are the same
that were mentioned and referred to in the declaration and certificate pro-
duced by him, without any admixture or addition; and if any person ji
in any such declaration wilfully and corruptly make any false statement
respecting the place of which any such corn, &c., was the produce, or res-
pecting the identity of any such corn, &c., such person shall forfeit and
become liable to pay to Her Majesty £100, and the corn, &c., to such person:
belonging on board any such ship shall also be forfeited.
5 Vict, sess. 2, c. 14, § 5.—[April 29, 1842.]
ARABIA.
Principal Ports.-Aden, Beetlefackie, Bussorah or Basra, Hodeida, Judda,
Loheia, Mocha, Muscat. -
MUSCAT.
Convention of Commerce between Her Majesty and His Highness the Imaum of
Muscat, signed, in the English and Arabic languages, at Zanzibar, May 31,
1839.
Article 1. Reciprocity of Commerce granted in the dominions of either of the high contracting
parties on the footing of the most favoured mations.
2. Liberty to Buy and Sell–Warehouses not to be forcibly opened, searched, &c. . . . . .
3. Consuls and other Public Functionaries on both sides to be appointed on the footing of
the most furoured nations.
4. Subjects of Muscat in service of British subjects to have the same protection as British
subjects themselves.
5. pºpule to be decided by British Consul—or by the highest authority of Muscat as ease
7ntly be.
6. Security of property of persons who may die.
7. Bankruptcy.—If a British subject shall become bankrupt in the dominions of His Highness
the Sultan of Muscat, the British consul or resident agent shall take possession of all the pro-
|. of such bankrupt, and shall give it up to his creditors, to be divided amongst them. This
aving been done, the bankrupt shall be entitled to a full discharge from his creditors, and he
shall not at any time afterwards be required to make up his deficiency, nor shall any property
he may afterwards acquire be considered liable for that purpose. But the British consul or
resident agent shall use his endeavours to obtain for the benefit of the creditors, any property
of the bankrupt in another country, and to ascertain that everything possessed by the bankrupt,
at the time when he became insolvent, has been given up without reserve.
8. Payment of Debts.-If a subject of His Highness the Sultan of Muscat should resist or
evade payment of his just debts to a British subject, the authorities of His Highness shall
afford to the British subject every aid and facility in recovering the amount due ; and, in like
manner, the British consul or resident agent shall afford every aid and facility to subjects of
His Highness the Sultan of Muscat, in recovering debts justly due to them from a British
subject.
9. Duties.—No duty exceeding five per cent, shall be levied at the place of entry in the domi-
mions of His Highness the Sultan of Muscat, on any goods, the growth, produce, or manufac-
ture of the dominions of Her Britannic Majesty, imported by British vessels; and this duty
shall be deemed to be full payment of all import, . export, and tonnage duties, of licence
to trade, of pilotage and anchorage, and of any other charge by government whatever,” upon
the vessels or upon the goods so imported or exported. Nor shall any charge be made on that
part of the cargo which may remain on board unsold; and no additional or higher duty shall be
levied upon these goods when afterwards transported from one place to another in the dominions
of His Highness; but the above-mentioned duty having once been paid, the goods may be sold
by wholesale or retail, without any further duty. No charge whatever shall be made on British
vessels which may enter any of the ports of His Highness for the purpose of refitting, or for re-
freshments, or to inquire about the state of the market.
10. Prohibitions, Monopolies, &c., Exceptions.—No article whatever shall be prohibited
from being imported into, or exported from, the territories of His Highness the Sultan of
Muscat; but the trade between the dominions of Her Britannic Majesty and those of His
Highness the Sultan of Muscat shall be perfectly free, subject to the above-mentioned duty upon
goods imported, and to no other. And His Highness the Sultan of Muscat hereby engages not
to permit the establishment of any monopoly or exclusive privilege of sale within his dominions,
cxcept in the articles of ivory and gum copal, on that part of the east coast of Africa, from the
* See Declaration at the end of this Treaty.


PART XI.] ASIA.—ARABIA. 395
port of Tangate, situate in about five and a half degrees of south latitude, to the Port of Quila,
lying in about seven degrees south of the equator, both ports inclusive; but in all other ports
and places in His Highness's dominions there shall be no monopoly whatever; but the subjects
of Her Britamic Majesty shall be at liberty to buy and sell with perfect freedom from whom-
soever and to whomsoever they choose, subject to no other duty by government than that before
mentioned.
11. Value of Goods.-If any dispute should arise in the dominions of His Highness the Sultan
of Muscat as to the value of goods which shall be imported by British merchants, and on which
the duty of five per cent, is to be levied, the custom-master, or other authorised officer, actin
on the part of the government of His Highness the Sultan of Muscat, shall be entitled to deman
one-twentieth part of the goods in lieu of the payment of five per cent., and the merchant shalf
be bound to surrender the twentieth part so demanded whenever, from the nature of the articles,
it may be practicable to do so; but the merchant having done so, shall be subject to no further
demand on account of the customs on the other nineteen-twentieths of those goods, in any
art of the dominions of His Highness the Sultan of Muscat, to which he may transport them.
But if the custom-master should object to levy the duty in the manner aforesaid, by taking one
twentieth part of the goods, or if the goods should not admit of being so divided, then the point
in dispute shall be referred to two competent persons—one chosen by the custom-master, and
the other by the importer; and a valuation of the goods shall be made, and if the referees shall
differ in opinion, they shall appoint an arbitrator, whose decision shall be final; and the duty
shall be levied according to the value thus established.
12. When Goods may be earposed for Sale.—It shall not be lawful for any British merchant
to expose his goods for sale for the space of three days after the arrival of such goods, unless
before the expiration of such three days the importer and custom-master shall have agreed as to
the value of such goods. . If the custom-master shall not, within three days, have accepted one
of the two modes proposed for ascertaining the value of the goods, the authorities of His Highness
the Sultan of Muscat, on application being made to them to that effect, shall compel the custom-
master to choose one of the two modes by which the amount of the customs to be levied is to
be determined.
13. War.—If it shall happen that either the Queen of England or His Highness the Sultan of
Muscat should be at war with another country, the subjects of Her Britannic Majesty, and the
subjects of His Highness the Sultan of Muscat, shall nevertheless be allowed to pass to such
country, through the dominions of either Power, with merchandise of every description except
Mºore ; but they shall not be allowed to enter any port or place actually blockaded or
esieged.
Vessels in Distress or Wrecked.—Should a vessel under the British flag enter a port in the
dominions of His Highness the Sultan of Muscat in distress, the local authorities at such port
shall afford all necessary aid, to enable the vessel to refit and to prosecute her voyage; and if
any such vessel should be wrecked on the coast of the dominions of His Highness the Sultan of
Muscat, the authorities of His Highness shall give all the assistance in their power to recover
and to deliver over to the owners all the property that can be saved from such vessel. The same
assistance and protection shall be afforded to vessels of the dominions of His Highness the
Sultan of Muscat, and property saved therefrom under similar circumstances, in the ports and
on the coasts of the British dominions.
15, Slave Trade.—His Highness the Sultan of Muscat hereby renews and confirms the en-
gagements entered into by His Highness with Great Britain, on the 10th of September, 1822,
for the entire suppression of slave trade between his dominions and all Christian countries; and
His Highness further engages that the vessels of war belonging to the East India Company,
shall be allowed to give full force and effect to the stipulations of the said treaty, agreeably with
the conditions prescribed therein, and in the same manner as the ships and vessels of Her Bri-
tannic Majesty.
16. East India Company's Charter.—It is further acknowledged and declared by the high
contracting parties, that nothing in this convention is intended in any way to interfere with, or
rescind any of, the rights or privileges now enjoyed by the subjects of His Highness the Sultan
of Muscat, in respect to commerce and navigation, within the limits of the East India Company’s
charter.
17. Ratification.—The present convention shall be ratified, and the ratifications thereof
shall be exchanged at Muscat or Zanzibar, as soon as possible; and, in any case, within the
space of fifteen months from the date hereof.
Done on the island, and at the town of Zanzibar, this thirty-first day of May, in the year of
Christ eighteen hundred and thirty-nine, corresponding with the seventeenth of the month
Rebeal Owal, of the ul Hujra, twelve hundred and fifty-five.
Rob ERT CogAN.
(Signed in the Arabic original), HAss AN BIN EBRIIIIM,
: ALLI BIN NAs ER.
Declaration made on the part of Her Britannie Majesty, on the exchange of the
Ratification of the preceding Convention.
The words contained in the ninth article of the said treaty, “any other charge by Government
whatever,” are by Her Majesty taken and understood to mean, “any other charge whatever
made by the Government, or by any local authority of the Government.”
Muscat, 22nd July, 1840. S. HENNEL.


396 ASIA.—ARAHIA. [1845.
Counter Declaration made on the part of Iłis Highness the Imaum of Muscat...
(Translation from the Arabic.) - ***
"I he undersigned, Syk (1 Mahonuncil Ibid Syed Shurruf, being duly authoriscd by His Highness
the Sultan of Muscat, hereby accepts and adopts the said declaration, in the name and on the
behalf of His Highness the Sultan of Muscat.
Muscat, 22nd July, 1840.
(Signed in the Arabic original, Syri, MA 1:oti M ED. Hurry SYED SILURRur.
A DFN.
Aden, which was formerly called “Portus Romanus,” is a town of the Yemen,
which, from its position and on account of its recent oceupation by the English,
promises to become an important commercial and military station, particularly
now that Egypt is advancing towards the period when she will become a British:
colony. The town is built in the crater of an exhausted volcano, and is situate at
the extremity of a small peninsula, formed of volcanic matter, and attached to the
continent solely by a low neck of land from 500 to 600 yards wide, and which
might be easily isolated by a canal. The harbour is a magnificent basin, capable
of containing an ::se fleet, and is entered by a narrow passage between two
other craters.-Courrier Prançaise.
MONEY.
Money is every where reckoned by piastres; but the value of these is fluc-,
tuating, and has greatly depreciated within the last fifteen or twenty years. -
I Piastre contains 40 Fuddahs, called in Turkish, Parahs.
50 Piastres were equivalent, in 1838, to Austrian Florin.
20 • - - • . I Aust. or Arºor. iPoſlar.
2] - - - • 1 Span. Pillared Dollar.
100 - , about £1 sterling.
I Kis or Purse is 500 Piastres, or about 25 Dollars, or £5 sterling.
At Constantinople, in 1838, the Spanish Dollar (Colonnato), was worth 23
Piastres, and the other coins in proportion.
WEIGHTS.
1 Rutl, or Pound, is in general about 4 oz. less than the Fagfish pound avoir-
dupois; but it is sometimes also reckoned only at 12 oz.
I Ukkah (called by the Franks, Oke), is about 23 lb. English.
1 Kantā, or cºt., contains 100 Rutls.
IMEASURES.
1 Ardeb is equivalent, very nearly, to 5 English busheſs.
1 Rubá is the twenty-fourth part of an Ardeb.
1 Mid (measure), in Palestine contains 12 Rubas.
Dr. Robinson's Biblical Researches in Palestine, Arabia, &c.
PERSIA.
Principal Ports.-Bushire, Bahreen, Gombroon. -
Treaty of Commerce between Her Majesty and the Shah of Persin, signed in the
English and Persian Languages, at Tehran, October 28, 1841.
ART. I.-Reciprocity of Trade, &c.—The merchants of the two mighty states are reciprocally
permitted and allowed to carry into each other's territories their goods and manufactures of
every description, and to sell or exchange them in any part of their respective countries; and on
the goods which they import or export, custom duties shall be levied, that is to say, on entering
the country the same amount of custom duties shall be levied, once for all, that is fevied on mer-
chandise imported by the merchants of the most favoured European nations; and at the time of
going out of the country, the same amount of custom duties which is levied on the merchandise


PART XI.] A Si A.—PERSIA. 397
of merchants of the most favoured European nations shall be levicii from the merchants, subjects
of the high contracting parties; and except this, Bo claim shall be made upon the merchants of
the two states in each other's dominions on any pretext or under any denomination ; and the
merchants or persons connected with or dependent upon the high contracting parties in each
other's dominions, mutually, shall receive the same aid and support, and the same respect, which
are received by the subjects of the most favoured nations.
Residence of Government Commercial Agents.-As it is necessary, for the purpose of attend-
ing to the aifairs of the merchants of the two parties respectively, that from both governments
commercial agents should be appointed to reside in stated places; it is therefore arranged that
two commercial agents on the part of the British government shall reside, one in the capital,
and one in Tabreez, and in those places only, and on this condition, that he who shall reside at
Tabreez, and he alone, shall be honoured with the privileges of consul-general ; and as for a
series of years a resident at the British government has resided at Bushire, the Persian govern.
ment grants permission that the said resident shall reside there as heretofore. And, in like man-
mer, two commercial agents shall reside on the port of the Persian government, one in the capi-
ial of London, and one in the port of Bombay, and shall enjoy the same rank and privileges
which the commercial agents of the British government shall enjoy in Persia.
This commercial treaty, We, the plenipotentiaries of the high contraccing parties, have agreed
to; and in witness thereof, have set thereunto our hands and seals, at the capital city of Tehran,
this twenty-eighth day of October, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and
forty-one, corresponding to the twelfth day of the month Ramazan, in the year of the Hejera.
#257.
Joji N M*NE1LL.
MºRzA ABU L HA's SAN KHAN.
SYR is,
Principal Ports.--The only port in Syria which is really entitled to the
name, is that of Alexandretta or Scanderoun. Mersin, which is the port
of Tarsous; Latakia, Tripoli, Beyrout, and Akka, are the others.--Dr.
Bowring.
MONEYS.
Piastres. Paras.
Old Gahadi - - - . 60 23
New Gahadi - - • 50 33
{}id Funduckli . - - . 43 10
Cld Selimi Funduckli - - 36 12
New Funduckli of 4 Tubi . - . 34 9
Selimi, from Constantinople - - 25 13
Old Mahbub of Egypt, Mastafané - . 24 }
Egyptian Mahbub, Old Mahmudi - 20 24
Old Adli - - - . 17 16
New Adli . c - - 15 28
White Rubia Zariffa • - ... 3 3
Red Rubia Zariffa - - - 2 28
Old Gazi - - - . 20 5
Mamduchi, or New Gazi d - 17 10
Old Jussefi - o • . 174 4
New Jussefi - - - 173 11
Old Beshlik - - - . 16 22
Juzluck - - - - 11 23
Beshlik, with crescent of 5 - ... 2 24
Altimishlik - - - 3 I
Iklik - - - . 9 39
At these rates coins are ordered to be received and paid as legal tenders. Be.
sides, there are gold coins of different value,
Piastres.
Old double Gazi, struck by Mahmoud Sultan . 40
Half new Gazi do. do. - - 10
Quarter new Gazi, do. do. - . 5
Egyptian gold coin, struck by Mahomet Ali Pacha 20
Half gold coin, do. do. . ... 10
Quarter gold coin, do. do. - 5
Small gold coin, rouble - - ... 4
Ditto, do. - - - 3


398 ASIA.—SYRIA. “[1845.
SILVER—DRAcHMs of 10. º:
Value in Piastres. .
Real Sham . - - - ... 10%
Juzluk - - - - 124
Ikilik - - - - ... 10 ---
Beshlik - - - - 16
Abou Turrah - - - . 5 :
Mis Beshlik - - - - 5
Nakishli - - - - - 3
New Beshlik - 5
N.B.-It is calculated that a miskal of gold of good quality of kerats 24, is
worth 13 shillings in England.
The miskal weighs 13 drachms of 24 kerats.
100 drachms of silver, pure, is worth in England £2 16s. ; a quintal of England
of 112 lb., weighs here 41 okes.
100 English yards are here 130 pikes, country measure.
EXCHANGES.
The exchange in London is calculated at so many piastres per pound sterling,
the present rate being about 100 piastres, so that the piastre is = 23d.
On France the exchange is calculated at so much per franc; the present course
is 4 piastres. -
WEIGHTS AND MEASURES.
The oke = 400 drachms = 2; lb. English, or 40 okes = 1 cwt.
And 800 ditto – 1 ton. -
640 ditto = 252 gals. liquid measure.
720 drach = 1 rottolo = 5 lb. English.
100 Habbies of Jaffa = . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 quarters.
13, pike = . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 yard.
The Syrian cantar is 180 okes of Constantinople = 504 lb.
—Dr. Bowring.
INDIAN OCEAN.
REEFS OFF RODRIGUES.
His Excellency the Governor directs that the accompanying copy of a letter
from Captain Sir John Marshall, of Her Majesty's ship Isis, to Rear-Admiral the
Honorable Jocelyn Percy, Commander-in-Chief on the Cape station, relative to
the extent of the reefs off the south side of the island of Rodrigues, may be pub-
lished for general information.
GEO. F. Dick, Colonial Secretary.
Colonial Secretary Office, 13th February, 1844.
Her Majesty's ship Isis, Port Louis, November 10th, 1844.
Sir, Two British merchant ships of considerable tonnage, the Queen Victoria
and the Oxford, having been wrecked on the coral reefs off the south side of the
island of Rodrigues, within the last seven months, and the masters of these vessels,
with their officers and crews, having in their protests declared on oath, that the
said reefs extend from 13 to 15 miles from the island, whilst hydrographical
authorities confine their limits within 5 or six miles, this difference in their
positions, if correct, would subject our commercial marine to considerable danger,
particularly as a large number of ships sight Rodrigues on their way from India
to Mauritius and England.
I considered the subject of sufficient importance to submit to your Excellency
the expediency of my proceeding there in Her Majesty's ship Isis, under my
command, for the purpose of ascertaining the actual position of these reefs, and
accordingly proceeded from Port Louis on the 12th October, and arrived at


PART XI.] ASIA.—INDIAN OcEAN. 399
Rodrigues on the 19th, where, assisted by my officers, I carefully examined the
reefs extending from Flat Island on the south side of Rodrigues round the west
end to Booby Island, on the north side, and in no part does the reef extend
beyond 5 or 6 miles.
Ships are recommended to pass to leeward of the island, giving the north-west
part of the reef a good berth. I have, &c.,
(Signed) J. MARSHALL, Captain.
Commander-in-Chief, &c., Cape Station.
CORRECT POSITION OF THE CHERBAMAN BANK
OR REEF.
WRECK OF THE CEYLON.
[The following letters are most important, not only as determining the correct
position of this dangerous reef, but as confirming the remarks prefixed to “DAN-
GERs of THE SEAs,” PART VI., Ed.]
Bombay, October 30, 1844.
The Ceylon, under my command, was wrecked on the Cherbaman bank or reef,
off the Laccadives, on the 1st of October. . She struck upon the reef at half-past
9 o'clock at night. We remained by her three days, using every exertion possible
to save the ship, and put a considerable portion of the cargo overboard, and would
have succeeded in getting her off, only that the wind unfortunately changed and set
a heavy sea in upon the reef, which forced her further on, in spite of all our
endeavours to heave her off, although we had a bower anchor and 85 fathoms of
chain out.
The position of these dangerous reefs is incorrectly laid down on the charts.
They are 18' 18" farther west than the place assigned to them. . When the ship
struck I was 20 miles W. by S. off the reef by chronometer and observation. The
above statement is corroborated by the best authority in Bombay, which you will
observe by the accompanying letter from Captain Daniel Ross, Master Attendant,
whom I dare say you know well. As I am going home by the mail that takes this
letter, I need not enter into particulars, as I shall see you, shortly after your re-
ceiving this, in London myself.
When we abandoned the wreck the water was flowing the same inside as outside,
with the rudder and main keel off, and bilged on the larboard side.
Bombay, Oct. 24, 1844.
In compliance with your request to give you some information of the position
of the Cherbaman Bank of the Laccadives, I have to observe, that when Captain
Moresby surveyed the group he determined his first position among them by as-
certaining by chronometers the meridianal distance between the Cherbaman Bank
and Mangalore Flagstaff, at which time the longitude of the latter, according to
Horsburgh, was 75° 7' east of Greenwich; but by recent observations taken at
the Madras Observatory, and reduced to Mangalore, the longitude of the latter is
74° 48'42" east, and deducting 2°53', the distance determined by Capt. Moresby
between the Flagstaff and the Cherbaman Bank, gives 71° 55'42" east of Green-
wich as the correct longitude of the bank, which is 18' 18" more to the westward
than the position assigned to it on the chart. This error becomes dangerous to
ships approaching it from the westward by their falling on it much sooner than
expected.
As Captain Moresby determined the positions of all the other dangers of the
group from his first station at the Cherbaman Bank, the relative distances of each
are, I believe, correct, although the longitude with regard to Greenwich is not so.
The Cherbaman Bank extends from 12° 15' to 12° 22' 30" north by Captain
Moresby's account, and by his chart the longitude is 72° 14' east of Greenwich.
I am, dear Sir, yours faithfully,
- DANIEL ROSS.


400 ASIA.—PHILIPPINE IsLANDs, &c. [1845,
PHILIPPINE ISLANDS.
Principal Ports.-Leyte, Luzon or Luconia (Islands), Mandanao, Min-
doro, Manilla (Islands), Negros (Island), Panay, Palawan (Islands), Samar
(Island), Zebu (Island).
MANILLA.
TOBACCO.
The tobacco crop at Manilla is represented as having failed.
Bombay Times, July, 1844.
COCHIN CHINA.
Principal Ports.-Cambodia, Cachaa, Faifoe, Hue, Quinhon, Saigong,
Taron or Hansan.
CEYLON.
Principal Ports.-Columbo, Point-de-Galle, Trincomalee.
There is no English colony in which the progress of improvement has been
more rapid and satisfactory than Ceylon. While the roads of the Indian presi-
dencies remain in their primitive condition of bullock-tracks, the two main roads
of Ceylon are nearly as good as those of England, and are traversed daily by mail-
coaches. Large tracts of land, which had long remained waste, have been brought
into cultivation, and planted with coffee or cinnamon trees and sugar-canes,
the produce of which has more than realized the expectation of the planters.
Since the abolition of monopolies and compulsory labour, the natives have ex-
hibited a growing disposition to adopt European improvements in agriculture and
manufactures; the trade of the island is steadily increasing, and the native
merchants have made a marked advance in industry, respectability, and intelli-
gence. Mr. Selkirk's account of the native trees and plants shows that the island
is rich in resources, which have not yet been developed, and the existence of which
is scarcely suspected, and he looks forward with confident hope to a vast increase
in its physical prosperity, and the moral condition of its inhabitants.-Athenaeum,
Feb. 3rd, 1844.—“Recollections of Ceylon,” by Rev. J. Selkirk.
MONEYS.
GoLD.—None.
SILVER.
British Coinage.—The new rix-dollars of 1821, and the supply of crowns, half-
crowns, shillings, and sixpence, sent out from England.
Foreign Coinage.—The quarter Madras rupees, made current in Ceylon, by
the impression of a crown, for one-third of a rix-dollar, or 4 fanams, equal
to 6d.
COPPER.
The half-fanam or two pice, quarter-fanam or one pice, one-eighth fanam or
half-pice, coined in England, and sent out to this colony; the Dutch copper
challies taken as prize in Kandy; also the supply of penny pieces, halfpence,
farthings, and half-farthings, sent out from England. -
The value of the new rix-dollars of 1821 and the British silver must have been
fixed by assay in England.
None of these coins have been cut, pierced, or defaced. The Madras quarter-
rupees, imported expressly for circulation in the island, have received the im-
pression of a crown, but not otherwise altered, producing an augmentation in
their current value of one-sixth part of a Ceylon fanam, being current for 4 fanams,
instead of 3; fanams, the value of a Madras rupee on account.
#


PART XI.] ASIA.—CEYLoN. 401
ACCOUNTS.
Accounts are kept in pounds, shillings, and pence.
WEIGHTS AND MEASURES.
WEIGHTS.
16 Ounces. 1 Pound.
448 28 ! Quarter.
1,792 112 4 1 Cwt.
35,840 2,240 30 20 1 Ton.
MEASUR.E.S.
Dry Measure.
Cut Coondoos.
4 I Cut Measure or Seer.
19} 4} 1 Coornie.
48 12 2} 1 Marcal.
96 24 5 2 1 Parrah.
768 192 40 16 8 1 Ammonam.
7,200 1,800 375 150 75 9; 1 Last.
The Parrah measure is a perfect cube of internal dimensions, a table of which,
with its sub-divisions, is herewith inserted.
Internal dimensions of a Parrah and its subdivisions:—
Length. Depth. Breadth.
Parrah. . . . . . 11% inches. 11.1% inches. 11; inches.
Half ditto ... # , 9% 9; , ,
Quarter ditto 75% , 7# ,, 7# , º
The Seer is a perfect cylinder of the depth and diameter as stated below:—
Depth. Diameter.
Seer. . . . . . . . 4% inches. 41% inches.
Half-Seer ... 3; , , 3% ,
Quarter-Seer 2; , 2% ,
Linear or Cloth Measure.
Inches.
12 1 Foot.
18 1% 1 Cubit.
36 3 2 1 Yard.
Liquid Measure, Long Measure, and Land Measure.
The same as in England.
Kandyan Land Measure,
8 Lahas... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . make 1 Coornie.
10 Coornies ... . . . . . . . . . . ,, 1 Peyla.
4 Peylas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,, 1 Ammonam.
A Coornie is equal to 11 square perches.
A Peyla > * 2 square rods, 29# square perches.
An Ammonam , , 2 acres, 2 square rods, 37} square perches.
—Porter's Official Tables.
FRENCH SETTLEMENTS,
Principal Ports.-Pondicherry.
DANISH SETTLEMENTS.
Principal Ports.-Serampore, Tranquebar, 2
d


402 ASIA.—Portuguese SETTLEMENTs, &c. . . [1845.
PORTUGUESE SETTLEMENTS.
Principal Ports.-Dui, Dumaum, Goa, Meliapour, or St. Thomé.
CUTCII AND SCINDE.
Principal Ports.-Aurungabundar, Crotchey, Muddi, Tatta.
The Governor General has declared this State annexed to the territory of the
English empire.
BIRMAN EMPIRE. * *
Principal Ports.-Rangoon.
By C.O., Aug. 6, 1835, it is stated, that doubts having been entertained whether certain places
within the Burmese territory, &c., are to be considered as British possessions,—and the Court of
Directors of the East India Company having, in return to the Board’s inquiry on the subject,
transmitted various extracts of treaties which have been concluded with some of the native
powers of India, by which it appears that “a tract of territory, now called Province Wellesley,
on the coast opposite to Penang Prince of Wales's Island", extending to twenty-eight miles from
the southern side of the river Mooda to that of Carrian inclusive, and measuring (inland) three
miles,” has been ceded to the Company by the King of Queda;, that the following places and
provinces have also been ceded to the aid Company by the King of Ava, viz., Aracan, Yeh,
Tavoy, Mergui, Tennasserim, with the islands and dependencies thereof, and are therefore
deemed to be British Possessions ; and that of the newly-acquired territory, the principal ports
are as follows, viz., Moulmeen, Aracan, Sandowey, Ramree, Martaban, Tavoy, Mergui, and
Amherst, (on the coast of the Burman Empire, and Malacca, and Nanning, on the iſalay
peninsula,
SIAMI.
Principal Ports.-Bankok, Cancao.
C H I N A.
NAVIGATION OF THE CHINA SEAS.
St. Helena, Dec. 14, 1843.
The Bahamian, arrived here to-day from China, discovered some rocks in the
China Seas on the 19th of September, in lat 8° 56' N., long. 118° 42 E. From
the above latitude and longitude these rocks, which are above water, must lie
between Gassard's-reef and the Half-moon bank, and therefore too far south to
be those which, within the last seven years, are said to have been seen in these
seas several times, and to which so much interest is attached, as most probably
being those seen about 100 years ago.
THE CYRUS BANK.
February, 1844.
Her Majesty’s ship Jupiter, which arrived at Singapore a short time since,
spoke the Cyrus whaler, of London, which had fallen in with rocks and breakers
in lat. 8° 43' N., long. 111° 43' E., lying S.W, and by W. of the West London
reef 20 miles; also a shoal, 5 miles in extent, in lat. 7°42' N., long. 111° 37' E.,
least water seven fathoms. The Cyrus was in it two days, and it was called the
Cyrus Bank. It is supposed to be the same bank previously reported as the Pearl
Bank. The captain of the Cyrus also reported a continual line of breakers from
the Friendship to the Abercrombie shoals.-Cor. . . . .


PART XI.] ASIA.—CHINA. 403
HITHERTO UNKNOWN REEF.
Hong Kong, March 1, 1844.
The Alligator, arrived here from Sydney, New South Wales, reports that on
the 9th of January she fell in with an unknown reef, in lat. 75° 6' N., long.
154° 20' E., in form of a horse-shoe, to the extent of at least 10 miles. On the
15th of January, in lat. 13° N., long. 163° E., was thrown on her beam-ends,
and cut away her masts.
SHOAL IN THE CHINA SEA.
August 16, 1844.
The Henry Pratt, arrived at New York from China, reports having discovered
a dangerous shoal, running north and south, about half a mile in length, appa-
rently level with the water's edge. Observation placed it in lat. 19 33° S.,
long. 107° E.; next day, weather thick and heavy, in 23 fathoms water, muddy
bottom, shoal bearing E.N.E. and S.W. one mile distant; the morning after a
north-west set at about 11% miles per hour.
GENERAL ARRANGEMENTS.
How Her Majesty may authorise the Chief Superintendent of Trade to make
ordinances.—It shall be lawful for Her Majesty, by any commission under the
great seal of the United Kingdom, or by any instructions under Her Majesty's
signet and sign manual accompanying and referred to in any such commission or
commissions, to authorise the superintendent of the trade of Her Majesty's sub-
jects in China (so long as such superintendent shall be also the governor of the
island of Hong Kong) to enact, with the advice of the legislative council of the
said island of Hong Kong, all such laws and ordinances as may from time to time
be required for the peace, order, and good government of Her Majesty's subjects
being within the dominions of the Emperor of China, or being within any vessel
at a distance of not more than one hundred miles from the coast of China, and to
enforce the execution of such laws and ordinances by such penalties and forfeitures
as to him shall seem fit ; and it shall also be lawful for Her Majesty, by any such
commission or instructions, to impose upon the exercise of the before-mentioned
legislative authority all such conditions and limitations as Her Majesty shall see
fit to prescribe; and it shall also be lawful for Her Majesty to disallow, in the
whole or in part, any laws or ordinances so to be enacted, to alter the same or any
of them as to Her Majesty in council shall seem meet.* 6 & 7 Vict. c. 80, § 1.
[Aug. 22, 1843.]
Temporary Vacancy in the Office of Superintendent.—It shall be lawful for
Her Majesty, by any commission or warrant under her royal sign manual, to make
such provision as to Her Majesty may seem fit for the temporary exercise of the
duties of the chief superintendent in the event of a vacancy occurring in that office
by death, resignation, or otherwise, and that the provisions herein contained re-
specting the said chief superintendent shall be taken to apply to the person for the
time being exercising the duties of chief superintendent under such commission or
warrant. § 2.
How Her Majesty may make Ordinances for Her Majesty's Subjects in China.
—It shall also be lawful for Her Majesty, by any orders made with the advice of
* By O. C. October 2, 1843, whereas Her Majesty was pleased, by a commission and instruc-
tion, issued by Her Majesty on 26th August. 1843, in pursuance oftbe powers vested in Her
Majesty, to authorize. Sir Henry Pottinger, Bart., chief superintendent of the trade of Her Ma-
jesty's subjects in China, and governor of Her Majesty's island of Hong Kong, to enact all such
laws and ordinances as may, from time to time, be required for the peace, order, and good
government of Her Majesty's subjects, being within the dominions of the Emperor of China, or
being within any vessel at a distance of not more than one hundred miles from the coast of China,
and to enforce the execution of such laws and ordinances by such penalties and forfeitures as to
him shall seem fit; now, therefore, in pursuance and exercise of the powers in Her Majesty, it is
hereby ordered, that if any law or ordinance, made in pursuance of the above Act of Parliament,
shall be in anywise repugnant to, or at variance with, the said Orders in Council, or any of
them, then such law or ordinance, so long as the same shall be in force, shall be obeyed and
observed.
2 D 2


404 ASIA.—CHINA. ..[1845.
Her Majesty's Privy Council, to ordain, for the government of Her Majesty's
subjects being within the dominions of the Emperor of China, or being within any
vessel at a distance of not more than one hundred miles from the coast of China,
any law or ordinance which to Her Majesty in council may seem meet, as fully
and effectually as any such lºw or ordinance could be made by Her Majesty in
council for the government of Her Xiajesty's subjects being within the said island
of Hong Kong. § 3. . .
Parliament.—All such commissions and instructions and orders in council, and
all laws and ordinances so to be mºde, shall be laid before both Houses of Parlia-
ment as soon as conveniently may be after the making and enacting thereof re-
spectively. § 4.
• I imitations ºf Actions.—Every suit or action which shall be brought against
any person for anything done in pursuance of this Act shall be commenced within
six calendar menths after the fact committed, and not afterwards, except where the
cause of action shall have arisen in any place not within the jurisdiction of any of
Her Majesty's courts having civil jurisdiction, and then within six calendar months
after the plaintiff and defendant shall have been both within the jurisdiction of any
such court; and every such action or suit shall be brought in the place where the
cause of action shall have arisen, and not elsewhere, except where the cause of action
shall have arisen in any place not within the jurisdiction of any of Her Majesty’s
courts having civil jurisdiction; and the defendant shall be entitled to the like
notice, and shall have the like privilege of tendering amends to the plaintiff, or his
agent or attorney, as is provided in actions brºught against any justice of the peace
for any act done by him in the execution of his office. § 6. -
PORTS WITII WHIICH TRADE MAY BE CARRIED ON.
At the Court at Buckingham Palace, the 24th day of February, 1843; present,
the Queen's Most Excellent Majesty in Council:
Whereas by an Act passed in the session of Parliament holden in the 3rd and
4th years of the reign of his late Majesty King William IV., entitled “An Act to
regulate the Trade to China and India,” it was, amongst other things, enacted
that it should and might be lawful for His Majesty, by any such order or orders,
commission or commissions, as to His Majesty in Council should appear expedient
and salutary, to give to the superintendents in the said Act mentioned, or any of
them, powers and authorities over and in respect of the trade and commerce of
His Majesty's subjects within any part of the dominions of the Emperor of China,
and to make and issue directions and regulations touching the said trade and com-
merce, and for the government of His Majesty's subjects within the said domi-
nions, and to impose penalties, forfeitures, or imprisonments for the breach of any
such directions or regulations, to be enforced in such manner as in the said order
or orders should be specified:—
Now, therefore, Her Majesty in Council is pleased, by and with the advice of
her Privy Council, to prohibit, and doth hereby prohibit, her subjects from resort-
ing, for the purposes of trade and commerce, to any other ports in the dominions
of the Emperor of China than those of Canton, Amoy, Fooshow-foo, Ningpo, and
Shanghae, or than may be in the occupation of Her Majesty's forces; and Her
Majesty is pleased to order that any of her subjects committing a breach or viola-
tion of this direction shall, upon conviction thereof in any of Her Majesty's Courts
of Record or Vice-Admiralty, be, for every such offence, liable to a penalty not
exceeding 100l., or to be imprisoned for a term not exceeding three months, at the
discretion of the Court before which the conviction shall take place; and Her
Majesty is hereby further pleased to order that all proceedings which may be had
under this order shall be, as far as circumstances will permit, in conformity with
the law of England: -
And the Right Hon. the Earl of Aberdeen, and the Right Hon. Lord Stanley,
two of Her Majesty's Principal Secretaries of State, the Lords Commissioners of
Her Majesty's Treasure, and the Commissioners for executing the office of Lord
High Admiral, are to give the necessary directions herein as to them may respec-
tively appertain. - :
W. L. BATHURST...s


PART XI.] ASIA.—CHINA. 405.
HONG KONG.
r- - DESCRIPTION OF THE ISLAND.
At a meeting of the Geographical Society, Jan. 8, 1844, Mr. Murchison, pre-
sident, in the chair. The secretary read an account of the island of Hong Kong, by
Mr. A. R. Johnston. This island, it appears, is small, being only from 4 to 5 miles
wide; it is traversed by a range of hills, from 500 to upwards of 1,000 feet high,
chiefly granitic ; the soil is decomposed granite: there is abundance of good water
at all times of the year. There are about 1,500 mows of land (of 1,000 square
yards each) under cultivation, chiefly rice. A quantity of fish is also cured at the
village of Chik-choo. The animals are deer, armadillo, land tortoise, and snakes,
not known to be venomous. The vegetable productions are mangoes, lechees, len-
gans, oranges, pears, rice, sweet potatoes, yams, and a small quantity of flax.
The climate is not essentially different from that of Macao. The most prevalent
diseases are intermittent and remittent fevers; and dysentery is common through-
out the year, particularly after sudden changes of weather. The natives suffer
from these complaints as well as Europeans.
The paper being concluded, a very interesting discussion ensued on the asserted
unhealthiness of the island, and the probability of this disadvantage being confined
to particular spots ; and much curious information on climate generally, and on
the anomalies exhibited by malaria in different parts of the world, was communi-
cated by several speakers; among whom were the president, Mr. W. R. Hamilton,
Mr. Warburton, Mr. Wheelwright, Dr. Thompson, Mr. Cumming, Mr. Gowen,
Mr. Bell, the secretary, &c.
THE CANTON RIVER, OR RIVER TIGRIS.
Large quantities of rice is grown, both on the islands formed by the river, and
on the flats on the mainland ; the tide is kept out by embankments, where, of
course, the ground can be overflowed at will.
Sugar-cane is also grown rather extensively near Whampoa, and is an article in
great demand amongst the Chinese in a raw state. It is manufactured into sugar-
candy and brown sugar; many kinds of the latter being particularly fine, though
not much used by the foreigners who reside in the country; they generally prefer
the candy reduced to powder, in which state it is very fine and white. I have not
met in any part of the country with our loaf sugar, and I suppose it is not made.
A great number of the common fruit trees of the country are also growing all
over the plains and near the side of the river. The mango, guava, wanipee (cookia
punctata), leechee, longan, oranges, and pumelows, are the principal kinds. Be-
sides these, there are the cypress, thuja, banyan, and other kinds of fig trees, and
a species of pine, called by the Chinese the water pine, from its growing always by
the sides of the rivers and canals. The bamboo and a kind of weeping willow,
very much like our own, are also frequently met with.-R. F. in Athenæum, Nov.
16, 1844.
How Goods may be Imported.—Whereas by Act 3 & 4 Will. 4, c. 54
[p. 1], it is enacted, that no goods shall be imported into any British pos-
sessions in Asia, Africa, or America, in any foreign ships, unless they be
ships of the country of which the goods are the produce and from which the
goods are imported: and whereas the enforcement of the said recited enact-
ment in the island of Hong Kong, now forming part of Her Majesty's domi-
nions, would be attended with great difficulty, and would materially check
the growth of the trade therein; it is therefore enacted, that it shall be lawful
for Her Majesty from time to time, by any Order in Council, to declare that
goods, the growth, produce, or manufacture of any foreign country, may be
imported into the said island of Hong Kong, from the same or any other
foreign country, in vessels belonging to the same, or any other foreign
country, and however navigated, subject, nevertheless, to such limitations


406 ASIA.—CHINA. [1845.
and restrictions as shall be contained in any such Order in Council; and
from and after the publication of any such Order in Council such goods
may lawfully be so imported into the said island of Hong Kong according to
the provisions of such order, and until the revocation thereof, and any such
Order in Council may from time to time be altered or revoked by Her Majesty
by any subsequent Order in Council. 6 & 7 Vict. c. 84, § 19. [Aug. 22,
1843.]
CIRCUL.ATING MEDIUM.
Pivoci, AMATION.
With reference to the desirable object of preventing disputes, and laying down
some defined system regarding the circulating medium in this settlement, His
Excellency Sir Henry Pottinger, Bart., Her Majesty's Plenipotentiary and Chief
Superintendent of the trade of British subjects in China, is pleased to promulgate
the following brief rules, which are to be considered applicable to all common
bazaar purchases and barter, hire, &c. &c., but not to interfere with or affect
what may be termed mercantile transactions, and are to be in force in the island
of Hong Kong during the gracious pleasure of Her Majesty the Queen of Great
Britain.
1st. The following coins are to be deemed legal tenders:–
Spanish, Mexican, and other dollars, and their component parts.
Company's rupees and other component parts—“Cash’’ or the copper coin.
current in China.
2d. Dollars of whatever denomination or device, and whether whole or chopped,
are to circulate at par with reference to each other, always providing that they be
of the proper weight and standard.
3d. Two and one quarter Company's rupees shall be considered equal to one
dollar. One rupee and two annas (or half a quarter) equal to half a dollar, and
three-quarters of a rupee (or twelve annas) equal to one-quarter of a dollar.
4th. Twelve hundred (1,200) cash (copper coin) shall be equal to 1 dollar.
Six hundred (600) to half a dollar. Three hundred (300) to a quarter of a dollar.
Five hundred and thirty-three (533) to one Company's rupee. Two hundred and
sixty-six (266) to half a rupee. One hundred and thirty-three (133) to one
quarter of a rupee.
5th. Any other coins, whether British or foreign, not enumerated in the pre-
ceding rules, are not to be deemed a legal tender, but they can, of course, be
sold, or otherwise bartered, in the bazaar, according to their intrinsic value. -
6th. Cash (copper coin), at the rate laid down in the 4th rule, will be sold to
any individual requiring it, in sums of not less than fifty dollars, on application to
the treasurer, Secretary to Her Britannic Majesty's Superintendents of Trade.
God save the Queen,
HENRY Potti NgER,
Her Majesty's Plenipotentiary, &c. &c,
Dated at Hong Kong, Government-House, this
29th day of March, 1842.
Treaty between Her Majesty and the Emperor of China, signed in the English and
Chinese Languages, at Nankin, August 29, 1842. With other Documents
relating thereto.
TREATY.
[Ratifications exchanged at Hong Kong, June 26, 1843.]
Article 1. Peace.—There shall henceforward be peace and friendship between Her Majesty
the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and His Majesty the Emperor of
China, and between their j. subjects, who shall enjoy full security and protection for
their persons and property within the dominions of the other.
2. Cities or Towns.—His Majesty the Emperor of China agrees, that the British subjects, with
their families and establishments, shall be allowed to reside, for the purpose of carrying on their
mercantile pursuits, without molestation or restraint, at the cites and towns of Canton, Amoy,
Foochowfoo, Ningpo, and Shanghai; and Her Majesty the Queen of Great Britain, &c., will appoint
superintendents or consular officers, to reside at each of the above-named cities or towns, to be
the medium of communication between the Chinese authorities and the said merchants, and to


408 ASIA—CHINA. [1845;"
signed and sealed by the plenipotentiaries on behalf of their respective Sovereigns, shall be mu-2.
tually delivered, and all its provisions and arrangements shall take effect. -
Done at Nankim, and signed and sealed by the Plenipotentiaries on board Her Britannic Ma-º.
jesty's ship “Cornwallis,” this twenty-ninth day of August 1842; corresponding with the ºf
Chinese date, twenty-fourth day of the seventh month, in the twenty-second year of Taouk-...
wang.
HENRY Pottix GER,
Her M.'s Plenipotentiary.
Seal of | * *
i the Chinese
i High
! Commissioner.
j
-— —-- – -------—
Signature Signature | Signature
of 3d i of 2d - of 1st
Chinese Chinese. Chinese
Plenipotentiary. . | Plenipotentiary. } Plenipotentiary.
–– -------
Declaration respecting Transit Duties.
[Signed in the English and Chinese Languages.]
Whereas by the tenth Article of the Treaty between Her Majesty the Queen of the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, and His Majesty the Emperor of China, concluded and
signed on board Her Britannic Majesty's ship “Cornwallis,” at Nankin, on the 29th day of
August, 1842, corresponding with the Chinese date 24th day of the 7th month, in the 22d year of
Taoukwang, it is stipulated and agreed, that His Majesty the Emperor of China shall establish
at all the ports which, by the second Article of the said Treaty, are to be thrown open for the
resort of British merchants, a fair and regular Tariff of export and import customs and other
dues; which Tariff shall be publicly notified and promulgated for general information; and fur-
ther, that when British merchandise shall have once paid, at any of the said ports, the regulated
customs and dues, agreeably to the Tariff to be hereafter fixed, such merchandise may be con-
veyed by Chinese merchants to any province or city in the interior of the empire of China, on pay-
ing a further amount of duty as transit duty; -
And whereas the rate of transit duty to be so levied was not fixed by the said Treaty;
Now, therefore, the undersigned Plenipotentiaries of Her Britannic Majesty, and of His
Majesty the Emperor of China, do hereby, on proceeding to the exchange of the ratifications of
the said treaty, agree and declare, that the further amount of duty to be so levied on British mer-
chandise, as transit duty, shall not exceed the present rates, which are upon a moderate scale;
and the ratifications of the said treaty are exchanged subject to the express declaration and sti-
pulation hercin contained. -
In witness whereof, the respective Plenipotentiaries have signed the present Declaration, and
have affixed thereto their respective seals.
Done at Hong Kong, the 26th day of June, one thousand eight hundred and forty-three; cor-
responding with the Chinese date, Taoukwang twenty-third year, fifth month, and twenty-uinth
day,
y HENRY Potti NGER.
Scal
and Signature
t of the
Chinese |
Plenipotentiary.
Supplementary Treaty between Her Majesty and the Emperor of China, Signed
at Hoomun-Chae, October 8, 1843. With other documents relating thereto.
Whereas a treaty of perpetual peace and friendship between Her Majesty the Queen of the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, and His Majesty the Emperor of China, was
concluded at Nanking, and signed on board Her said Majesty’s ship “Cornwallis,” on the 29th
day of August, A. D. 1842, corresponding with the Chinese date of the 24th day of the 7th
month, of the 22nd year of Taoukwang, of which said treaty of perpetual peace and friendship,
the ratifications, under the respective seals and signs manual of the Queen of Great Britain, &c.
and the Emperor of China, were duly exchanged at Hong-Kong on the 26th day of June, Á. D.
1843, corresponding with the Chinese date of the 29th day of the 5th month, in the 23rd year of
Taoukwang; and whereas in the said treaty it was provided (amongst other things), that the
five ports of Canton, Foochowfoo, Amoy, Ningpo, and Shanghai, should be thrown open for the
i - - - -


410 ASIA.—CHINA. • ? ſists,
11. Chusan and Koolangsoo.—The posts of Chusan and Koolangsoo will be withdrawn, as
vided for in the Treaty of Perpetual Peace and Friendship, the moment all the monies stipu-:
ated for in that Treaty shall be paid; and the British Plenipotentiary distinctly and voluntarily;
agrees, that all dwelling-houses, store-houses, barracks, and other buildings that the Britis
troops or people may have occupied, or intermediately built or repaired, shall be handed over, on
the evacuation of the posts, exactly as they stand, to the Chinese authorities, so as to prevent
any pretence for delay, or the slightest occasion for discussion or dispute on those points. . . . .
i2. Smuggling.—A fair and regular Tariff of duties and other dues having now been established,
it is to be hoped that the system of smuggling which has heretofore been carried on between:
English and Chinese merchants—in many cases with the open commivance and collusion of the
Chinese Custom-house officers—will entirely cease; and the most peremptory Proclamation to
all English merchants, has been already issued on this subject by the British Plenipotentiary,
who will also instruct the different Consuls to strictly watch over and carefully scrutinize the
conduct of all persons, being British subjeets, trading under his superintendence. In any
positive instance of smuggling transactions coming to the Consul’s knowledge, he will instantly
apprize the Chinese authorities of the fact, and they will proceed to seize and confiscate all
goods, whatever their value or nature, that may have been so smuggled, and will also be at
iiberty, if they see fit, to prohibit the ship from which the smuggled goods were landed, from
trading further, and to send her away, as soon as her accounts are adjusted and paid. The
Chinese Government officers will, at the same time, adopt whatever measures they may think fit
with regard to the Chinese merchants and Custom-house officers, who may be discovered to be
concerned in smuggling. -
13. Conreyance of Goods from any of the fire Ports.--All persons, whether natives of China.
or otherwise, who may wish to convey goods from any one of the five ports of Canton, Fowchow-
foo, Amoy, Ningpo, and Shanghai, to Hong-Kong, for sale or consumption, shall be at full and
perfect liberty to do so on paying the duties due on such goods, and obtaining a pass or port
clearance from the Chinese Custom-house at one of the said ports. Should natives of #:
wish to repair to Hong-Kong to purchase goods, they shall have free and full permission to do
so; and should they require a Chinese vessel to carry away their purchases, they must obtain a
pass, or port-clearance, for her at the Custom-house of the port whence the vessel may sail for
Hong-Kong. It is further settled, that in all cases the passes are to be returned to the officers
of the Chinese Government, as soon as the trip for which they may be granted shall be com-
leted. -
p 14. English Officer at Hong-Kong to entiae Registers and Passes of Vessels-An English
officer will be appointed at Hong-Kong, one part of whose duty will be to examine the registers
and passes of i Chinese vessels that may repair to that port to buy or sell goods; and should such
officer at any time find that any Chinese i.1erchant vessel has not a pass or register, from one of
the five ports, she is to be considered as an unauthorized or smuggling vessel, and is not to be
allowed to trade, whilst a report of the circumstance is to be made to the Chinese authorities.
By this arrangement, it is to be hoped that piracy and illegal rtaffic will be effectually prevented.
15. Chinese or English incurring Debts.-Should natives of China, who may repair to Hong-
Kong to trade, incur debts there, the recovery of such debts must be arranged for by the English
Courts of Justice on the spot; but if the Chinese debtor shall abscond, and be known to have
property, real or personal, within the Chinese territory, the rule laid down in the fourth clause
of the General Regulations for Trade shall be applied to the case; and it will be the duty of the
Chinese authorities, on application by, and in concert with the British consuls, to do their
utmost to see justice dome between the parties. On the same principle, should a British merchant
incur debts at any of the five ports, and fly to Hong-Kong, the British authorities will, on re-
ceiving an application from the Chinese Government officers, accompanied by statements and
full proofs of the debts, institute an investigation into the claims, and, when established, oblige
the defaulter or debtor to settle them to the utmost of his means.
16. Monthly return to Canton of Vessels to Hong-Kong.—It is agreed, that the Custom-
house officers at the five ports shall make a monthly return to Canton of the passes granted to
vessels proceeding to Hong-Kong, together with themature of their cargoes; and a copy of these
returns will be embodied in one return, and communicated once a month to the proper English
officer at Hong-Kong. The said English officer will, on his part, make a similar return or com-
munication to the Chinese authorities at Canton, showing the names of Chinese vessels arrived
at Hong-Kong, or departed from that port, with the nature of their cargoes: and the Canton
authorities will apprize the Custom-houses at the five ports, in order that, by these arrangements.
and precautions, all clandestine and illegal trade, under the cover of passes, may be averted.
ADDITIONAL ARTICLE.
17. Relating to British Small Craft.-Various small vessels belonging to the English nation,
called schooners, cutters, lorchas, &c., &c., have not hitherto been chargeable with tonnage dues.
It is now agreed, in relation to this class of vesssels which ply between Hong-Kong ..". city,
and the city and Macao, that if they only carry passengers, letters, and baggage, they shall, as
heretofore, pay no-tonnage dues; but if these small craft carry any dutiable articles, no matter
how small the quantity may be, they ought, in principle, to pay their full tomage dues. But
this class of small craft are not like the large ships which are engaged in foreign trade; they are
eonstantly coming and going : they make several trips a month, j are not like the largeforei
ships, which, on entering the port, cast anchor at Whampoa. If we were to place them on the
same footing as the large foreign ships, the charge would fall unequally; therefore, after this, the
smallest of these craft shall be rated at 75 tons, and the largest not to exceed 150 tons; whenever
they enter the port (or leave the port with cargo) they shall pay tonnage dues at the rate of one
mace per ton register. If not so large as 75 tons, they shall still be considered and charged as of
75 tons; and if they exceed 150 tons, they shall be considered as large foreign ships, and, like
them, charged tonnage dues, at the rate of five mace per register ton. Foochow and the other
ports having none of this kind of intercourse, and none of this kind of small craft, it would be
ummecessary to make any arrangement as regards them.
The following are the rules by which they are to be regulated;—


PART XI.] ASIA.—CHINA. 411
1st. Every British schooner, cutter, lorcha, &c., shall have a sailing letter or register in Chinese
and English, under the seal and signature of the chief superintendent of trade, describing her
appearance, burthen, &c., &c.
2nd. Every schooner, lorcha, and such vessel, shall report herself, as large vessels are required
to do, at the Bocca Tigris; and when she carries cargo, she shall also report herself at Whampoa,
and shall, on reaching Canton, deliver up her sailing letter or register to the British Consul, who
will obtain permission from the Hoppo for her to discharge her cargo, which she is not to do
without such permission, under the forfeiture of the penalties laid down in the 3d clause of the
general regulations of trade.
3rd. When the inward cargo is discharged, and an outward one (if intended) taken on board,
and the duties on both arranged and paid, the Consul will restore the register or sailing letter,
and allow the vessel to depart.
This supplementary treaty, to be attached to the original treaty of peace, consisting of sixteen
articles, and one additional article relating to small vessels, is now written out, forming, with its
accompaniments, four pamphlets, and is formally signed and sealed by their Excellencies the
British Plenipotentiary, and the Chinese Imperial Commissioners, who, in the first instance, take
two copies each, and exchange them, that their provisions may be immediately carried into
effect. At the same time, each of these high functionaries, having taken his two copies,
shall duly memoralize the Sovereign of his nation; but the two countries are differently
situated as respects distance, so that the will of the one Sovereign can be known sooner
than the will of the other. It is now therefore agreed, that on receiving the gracious assent
of the Emperor in the Vermillion Pencil, the Imperial Commissioner will deliver the very
document containing it into the hands of His Excellency Hwang, Judge of Canton, who will pro-
ceed to such place as the Plenipotentiary may appoint, and deliver it to the English Plenipoten-
tiary, to have and to hold. Afterwards the sign manual of the Sovereign of England having been
received at Hong-Kong, likewise graciously assenting to and confirming the treaty, the English.
Plenipotentiary will despatch a specially appointed officer to Canton, who will deliver the copy
containing the Royal sign manual to His Excellency Hwang, who will forward it to the Imperial
Commissioner, as a rule and a guide to both nations for ever, and as a solemn confirmation of
our peace and friendship.
A most important supplementary treaty.
Signed and sealed at Hoomun-Chae, on the 8th October, 1843, corresponding with the Chinese
date of the fifteenth day of the eighth moon, of the 23rd year of Taoukwang.
HENRY Potting ER.
Seal
and Signature
of the
. Chinese
Plenipotentiary.
Proclamation issued by Sir Henry Pottinger.
SIR HENRY Potti NGER, Bart., G.C.B., Her Britannic Majesty’s Plenipotentiary, &c., &c.,
in China, has the gratification to announce, for the general information and guidance of all sub-
jects of Her said Majesty, that he has concluded and sealed, with the High Commissioner ap-
pointed by His Imperial Majesty the Emperor of China to treat with him, a commercial treaty,
stipulated for in the definitive treaty of peace, signed at Nankin on the 29th day of August, 1842,
and the ratifications of which definitive treaty of peace have been lately exchanged under the
signs manual and seals of Her Majessy the Queen of Great Britain and Ireland, &c., and His
Majesty the Emperor of China.
Her Britannic Majesty’s Plenipotentiary, &c., now publishes the export and import tariff, and
the regulations of trade, which have been, after the most searching scrutiny and examination,
fixed and finally agreed upon, and which tariff and regulations of trade are to be promulgated in
Chinese, simultaneously with this proclamation, accompanied by a proclamation on the part of
the Imperial Commissioners, &c.
Her Britannic Majesty’s Plenipotentiary, &c., trusts, that the provisions of the Commercial
Treaty will be found in practice mutually advantageous, beneficial, and just, as regards the
interests, the honour, and the future augmented prosperity of the Governments of the two mighty
contracting empires, and their subjects: and His Excellency most solemnly and urgently calls
upon all subjects of the British Crown, individually and collectively, by their allegiance to their
Sovereign, by their duty to their country, by their own personal reputation, respect, and good
name, and by the integrity and honesty which is due from them as men, to the imperial rights of
the Emperor of China, not only to strictly conform and act up to the said provisions of the com-
mercial treaty, but to spurn, decry, and make known to the world, any base, unprincipled, and
traitorous overtures which they, or their agents or employés, may receive from, or which may be
in any shape made to them, by any subject of China—whether officially connected with the
Government, or not—towards entering into any collusion or scheme for the purpose of evading,
or acting in contravention of, the said provisions of the commercial treaty.
Her Britannic Majesty’s Plenipotentiary, &c., will not allow himself to anticipate or suppose,
that the appeal which he now makes to all Her Majesty’s subjects will be unheeded, or over-
looked, by even a single individual; but at the same time it is his duty, in the responsible and
unprecedented situation in which he has been placed by the course of events, to distinctly inti-
mate, that he is determined, by every means at his disposal, to see the provisions of the commer-
cial treaty fulfilled by all who chose to engage in future in commerce with China; and that in
any case where he may receive well-grounded representations from Her Majesty's Consuls, or


412 ASIA.—CHINA. ... [1845,
from the Chinese authorities, that such provisions of the commercial treaty have been evaded (or
have been attempted to be so), he will adopt the most stringent and decided measures against.
the offending parties; and where his present powers may not #. authorise and sanction such mea-
sures as may seem to him fitting, he will respectfully trust that the Legislature of Great Britain
will hold him indemnified for adopting them, in an emergency directly compromising the national
honour, dignity, and good faith in the estimation of the Government of China, and in the eyes of
all other nations.
God save THE QUEEN.
HENRY Potting ER.
Dated at Government-House, at Victoria, Hong-Kong, º
this 22nd day of July, 1843. ... -- *
Proclamation issued by the Imperial Commissioner, &c.
KEYING, High Commissioner, &c., &c., Kekung, Governor-General, &c., and Ching-yuet-
sai, Governor, &c., issue this Proclamation for the purpose of giving clear information and com-
mands.
Whereas, when the English had last year ceased from hostilities, our august Sovereign
granted them commercial intercourse at Canton and at four other ports, and was graciously
pleased to sanction the treaty that had been concluded: the ratifications of that Treaty have now
therefore been exchanged, and commercial regulations have been agreed upon, and a Tariff of
duties, wherein all fees and presents are abolished, has been distinctly settled. These, as soon
as the High Commissioner, with the Governor-general and Governor, shall have received the
replies of the Board of Revenue, shall be promulgated, and shall become the rules to be observed
in the various ports. The Tariff of Duties will then take effect with reference to the commerce
with China of all countries, as well as of England.
Henceforth, then, the weapons of war shall for ever be laid aside, and joy and profit shall be
the perpetual lot of all: neither slight nor few will be the advantages reaped by the merchants,
alike of China and of foreign countries. From this time forward all must free themselves from
prejudice, and suspicions, pursuing each his proper avocation, and careful always to retain no
inimical feelings from the recollection of the hostilities that have before taken place. For such
feelings and recollections can have no other effect than to hinder the growth of a good under-
standing between the two people. :
With regard to Foochow, Amoy, Ningpo, and Shanghai, the four ports which, by His Impe-
rial Majesty’s gracious permission, are now newly opened for trade, it is requisite that the re-
plies of the Board of Revenue should be received before the commerce of those ports should be
actually thrown open. But Canton has been a mart for English trade during more than two
centuries past; and therefore, the new regulations having been decided upon, they ought at once
to be brought into operation, that the far-travelled merchants may not be any longer detained in
the outer seas, disappointed in all their anticipations. The High Commissioner, the Governor-
general, and the Governor, have therefore, in concert with the Superintendent of Customs, de-
termined, in fulfilment of their august Sovereign's gracious desire to cherish tenderly men from
aſar, that a commencement shall he made with the opening of the Port of Canton under the new
regulations, on the 1st of the 7th month. The visites of the merchants will thus, it is hoped, be
met.
The Island of Hong-Kong having been, by the gracious pleasure of His august Majesty,
granted as a place of residence to the English nation, the merchants of that nation, who will
proceed from thence to the various ports will be numerous; and such vessels as they may engage
to convey them to and fro will therefore be required to lie under no restrictions, but merely to
accept engagements at fair and just rates. If, however, such passengers convey goods in the
same boats with the view of evading the dues of Government, they shall be subject to such fines
as the law shall direct. Should merchants of China desire to proceed to the Island of Hong-
Kong aforesaid, to trade, they will be required only to report themselves to the next custom-
house, and to pay the duties on their merchandise according to the new Tariff, obtaining a pass
before they quit port to commence their traffick. Any who may dare to go and trade without
having requested such a pass, on discovery shall be dealt with as offenders of the laws against
clandestine traffic, and against contumacious visiting of the open seas.
As to those natives of China who, in past days, may have served the English soldiery or others
with supplies, and may have been apprehended in consequence, the High Commissioner has ob-
tainca from the good favour of his august Sovereign, vast and boundless as that of Heaven itself,
the remission of their punishment for all past deeds; and any such who may not yet have been
brought to trial are therefore no longer to be sought after, while all who may have been seized
and brought before Government are granted a free pardon. All persons of this class must then
attend quietly to their avocations, with a diligent pursuit of every thing that is good and right:
they need entertain no apprehension of being hereafter dragged forward, nor yield in conse-
quence to any fears or suspicions.
with reference to the arrangements which the High Commissioner and his colleagues have
made in regard to duties, every thing has been done with a single eye to a just impartiality: all
merchants, then, whether of China or of foreign countries, are called upon to consider the many
pains that the High Commissioner and his colleagues have taken, and by all means to abide in
the quiet pursuit of their respective callings, and in the enjoyment of so auspicious a peace.
From henceforward amity and good will shall ever continue, and those from afar and those who
are near shall perpetually rejoice together. Such is the ſervent hope of the High Commissioner
and his colleagues; and in this hope they command implicit obedience to what is now thus spe-
cially promulgated.
- A true Translation,
(Signed) J. Rob T. MoRR1son,
Chinese Secretary and Interpreter.


PART XI.]
413
ASIA.—CHINA.
i!
10
11
12
TARIFF OF DUTIES
ON THE FOREIGN TRADE WITH CHINA,
EXPORTS.
Alum, 100 catties - - - -
Aniseed, Star, do. - -
Ditto, Oil of, do.
Arsenic, do. - -
Bangles (or Glass Armlets), do. • -
Bamboo Screens and Bamboo Ware of all kinds, do.
Brass leaf, do. - -
Building Materials -
Bone and Horn Ware, 100 catties
Camphor, do. - -
Canes of all kinds, thousand
Capoor Cutchery, 100 catties
Cassia, do. -
Ditto Buds, do.
Ditto Oil, do.
China Root, do. -
China Ware, all kinds, do.
Clothes (ready made), do. -
Copper Ware, Pewter, ditto, &c. do.
Corals (or False Coral), do. -
Crackers and Fire-Works of all kinds, do.
Cubebs, do - - -
Fans (as Feather Fans, &c.), do.
Furniture of all kinds, do. -
Galingal, do.
Gamboge, do. - -
Glass, and Glass Ware of all kinds, do.
Glass Beads, do.
Glue (as Fish-glue, &c.) do. - - -
Grass Cloth, all kinds, do.
Hartall, do. -
Ivory Ware, all kinds, do. - - - -
Kittysols, or Paper Umbrellas, do. - -
Lacquered Ware, all kinds, do. - -
Lead (White Lead) do. - - - -
Lead (Red Lead) do. - - - -
Marble Slabs, do. -
Mats (Straw, Rattan, Bamboo, &c. &c.), do.
Mother o'Pearl Ware, do. - -
Musk, catty - - - - -
Nankeen, and Cotton Cloth of all kinds, 100 catties -
Pictures, viz., large Paintings, each - -
Rice Paper Pictures, 100 pictures - - -
Paper Fans, 100 catties - - -
Paper of all kinds, do.
Pearls (i.e., false Pearls) do. -
Preserves and Sweetmeats of all kinds, do.
Rattan work of all kinds, do.
Rhubarb, do. - - - - -
Silk, Raw, whether from Chekiang, Canton, or elsewhere,
all kinds, do. - - - -
1
0
0
0
e
e
0
i
[Articles unenumerated in this Tariff, to pay a Duty of 5 per cent. ad valorem].


414 ASIA.—CHINA. T1845.
T. M. C. c.
TARIFF-continued. -
— Coarse, or refuse of Silk, 100 catties - - 2 5 0 0
— Organzine, all kinds, do. - - 10 0 0 0
— Ribbons, Thread, &c. &c., do. - - ... 10 0 0 0
— Silk Piece goods of all kinds, as Silks, Satins, Pongees,
Velvets, Crapes, Lutestrings, &c. &c., do. - - 12 0 0 0
— N.B.-The additional Duty of so much per piece, hitherto
levied, to be henceforth abolished
47 Silk and Cotton mixtures, Silk and Woollen mixtures, and
goods of such classes, do. - - - 3 0 0 0
48 Shoes and Boots, of Leather, Satin, or otherwise, do. - 0 2 0 0
49 Sandal Wood Ware, do. - - - - 1 0 0 0
50 Soy, do. - - - - - 0 4 0 0
51 Silver and Gold Ware, do. - - 10 0 0 0
52 Sugar, white and brown, do. - - - 0 2 5 0
53 Sugar Candy, all kinds, do. - - - 0 3 5 0
54 Tin Foil, do. - - - - 0 5 0 0
55 Tea, do. - - - - - 2 5 0 0
56 Tobacco of all kinds, do. - 0 2 0 0
57 Turmeric, do. - - - - - 0 2 0 & 0
58 Tortoise-Shell Ware, do. - - ... 10 0 0 0
59 Trunks (of Leather), do. - - - - 0 2 0 0
60 Treasure, i.e., Coin of all kinds - - - Free.
61 Vermilion, do. - - - - - 3 0 0 0
|MPORTS.
I Assafoetida, 100 catties - - - - 1 0 0 0
2 Bees' Wax, do. - - - - 1 0 0 9
3 Betel Nut, do. . - - - - 0 1 5 0.
4 Bicho de Mar, first quality, or blk., do. - - 0 8 0 . 0
Bicho de Mar, second quality, or wht., do. - - 0 2 0 0
5 Birds' Nests, first quality, cleaned, do. - - 5 0 0 0
Birds' Nests, second quality, good middling, do. - 2 5 0 0
Birds' Nests, third quality, uncleaned, do. - 0 5 0 0
6 Camphor (Malay), first quality, clean, catty - - 1 0 0 0
Camphor, second quality, refuse, do. - - 0. 5 0 0
7 Cloves, first quality, picked, 100 catties - - 1 5 0 0
Ditto, second ditto, mother do. . - - 0. 5 0 0
8 Clocks, Watches, Spy-Glasses, all kinds of Writing-Desks,
Dressing Boxes, Cutlery, Perfumery, &c. &c. 5 per cent. ad valorem.
9 Canvas, 30 a 40 yards yards long, 24 a 31 inches wide, per piece 0 5 0 0
10 Cochineal, 100 catties - - - 5 0 0 0
11 Cornelians, 100 stones - - - - 0. 5 0 0
Ditto Beads, 100 catties - - - 10 0 0 0
12 Cotton, do. - - - - - 0 4 0 0
13 Cotton Manufactures, viz.:-
Long Cloths, white, 30 a 40 yards long, 30 a 36 inches -
wide, piece - - - - 0 1 ()
Cambrics and Muslins, 20 a 24 yards long, 40 a 46 -
inches wide, do. - - - 0 1 5 0
Grey or Unbleached Cottons, viz.: Long Cloths, Do-
mestics, &c. &c., 30 a 40 yards long, 28 a 40 inches
wide, do. - e - - 0 1 0 0
Grey Twilled Cottons, 30 a 40 yards long, 28 a 40 inches
wide, do. - - e - 0 1 0 0
Chintz and Prints of all kinds, 20 a 30 yards long, - -
26 a 31 inches wide, do. - - - 0 2 0 - 0
Handkerchiefs under 1 yard square, each - 0 0 1 0
Handkerchiefs above 1 yard square, do. - 0 0 1 5
Ginghams, pullicates, Dyed Cottons, Velveteens, Silk and


PART XI.] ASIA.—CHINA. 415
T. M. C. C-
TARIFF-continued.
Cotton Mixtures, Woolled and Cotton Mixtures, and
all kinds of Fancy Goods not in current consumption
5 per cent, ad valorem
14 Cotton Yarn and Cotton Thread, 100 catties • I 0 0 0
15 Cow Bezoar, catty - • º • I () () 0
16 Cutch, 100 catties • - o • {) 3 0 0
17 Elephants' Teeth, first quality, whole, do * • 4 0 0 0
Elephants' Teeth, second quality, broken, do. * 2 0 0 0
18 Fish Maws, do. - • • - J 5 0 0
19 Flints - e - • - 0 0 5 0
20 Glass, Glass Ware, and Crystal Ware, of all kinds 5 per cent. ad valorem.
21 Gambier, 100 catties o o o - 0 1 5
22 Ginseng”
23 Gold and silver Thread:—
first quality, or real, catty . w - - 0 1 3 0.
second ditto, or imitation, do. • • o 0 0 3 ()
24 Gums, Benjamin, 100 catties - • • 1 0 0 0
Olibanum, do. • e • y 0 5 () ()
Myrrh, do. • - o - 0. 5 () ()
Gums, unenumerated o o . 10 per cent. ad valorem
25 Horns, Bullocks' and Buffaloes', 100 catties . e 2 () () ()
26 Horns, Unicorns' or Rhinoceros’, do. • e 3 0 0 0
27 Linen, fine, as Irish or Scotch yards long, inches
wide, piece w e - - 0 5 0 ()
Coarse Linen, as Linen and Cotton Mixtures, Silk and
Linen Mixtures, &c. &c. - . 5 per cent ad aalovem.
28 Mace or Flower of Nutmeg, 100 catties o • 1 0 0 ()
29 Mother of Pearl Shells, do. e - e 0 2 0 0
30 Metals, viz.:-
Copper, unmanufactured, as in pigs, do. - 1 0 0 0
Copper, manufactured, as in sheets, rods, do. - 1 5 0 0
Iron. unmanufactured, as in pigs, do. - 0 1 0 0
* GOVERNMENT NOTIFICATION,
The annexed copy of an official communication from His Excellency the Imperial Commissioner,
intimating a modification which has been made in the new tariff, regarding the article “Foreign
ginseng,” is published for general information,
It is also notified, that on a careful examination of the English version of the tariff, promul-
gated on the 22d. of July last, it has been discovered that the article, “Sea otter skins,” are
inserted at one mace five candareens each (1m. 5c.), instead of one teal 5 mace each (1t, 5m.),
which typographical error is hereby pointed out and is to be corrected accordingly.
By order of His Excellency. Her Britannic Majesty’s Plenipotentiary, &c., in China,
Government House, Victoria, Nov. 13, 1843. RICHARD WoosNAM.
* Keying, High Imperial Commissioner, Governor-General of Kiangsoo and Kiangse, &c.,
hereby makes this official communication :
The American Consul having represented to us, “that in arranging the new tariff, the duty
on foreign ginseng had alone been left unequal, and that it was proposed to rate it as follows,
viz., on every 100 catties of foreign ginseng to rate two-tenths as first quality, and eight-tenths
as inferior quality, and levy duties on those rates according to the newly established rules, and
that this once agreed to, afterwards there should be no change,” and other words to the same
effect; whereupon I, the High Commissioner, having consulted with the Governor-General,
and having ascertained from the market price of foreign ginseng that the above statement was
perfectly correct, we forthwith agreed to the said proposal. Besides, therefore, respectfully me-
imorialising the Court of this correction, and giving an official reply to the said American Consul,
and duly advising the several high officers of Canton, Fokien, Chekiang and Kiangsoo, charged
with the superintendence of maritime customs, it is right that I also officially inform the Hon.
Plenipotentiary of the same, which is the express object of this communication.
An important official communication.
To His Excellency Sir Henry Pottinger, Bart., G.C.B., Her British Majesty's Plenipotentiary.
Taoukwang, 23rd year, 9th month, 16th day (7th November, 1843).
True translation. (Signed) R. TIIoM, Interpreter.
The correction in the tariff will be as follows:–
t. m.
38t. X2-10ths 7 6
3t. 5m. X8-10ths 2 8
22 Ginseng, first quality, per 100 catties -
Ditto, second quality, or refuse per 100 catties
New duty on 100 catties of Ginseng, all qualities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 4
(True copy) RICHARD WoosNAM.


416 ASIA.—CHINA. [1845.
T. M. C. c.
TARIFF-continued. -
Iron, manufactured, as in bars, rods, &c., do. - 0 1 5 0
Lead, in pigs, or manufactured, do. - - 0 4 0 0
Quicksilver, do. - 3 0 0 0
Steel, unmanufactured, do. - - 0 4 0 0
Tin, do. 1 0 0 0
Tin Plates, do. - - - 0 4 0 0
Unenumerated Metals, 10 per cent. ad ralorem. -
31 Nutmegs, first quality, or cleaned, 100 catties 2 0 0 0
— Nutmegs, second quality, or uncleaned, do. I 0 0 0
32 Pepper, do. - - - 0 4 0 0
33 Putchuck, do. 0 7 5 0
34 Rattans, do. - - - 0 2 0 0
35. Rice, Paddy, and Grain of all kinds, Duty Free.
36 Rose Maloes, 100 catties - - 1 0 0 0
37 Saltpetre (to be sold to Government Agents only) do. 0 3 0 0
38 Shark's Fins, first quality, or White, do. - 1 0 0 0
— Shark's Fins, second quality, or Black, do. 0 5 0 0
39 Skins and Furs, ric. : —
Cow and Ox Iſides, tanned, and untanned, do. 0 5 0 0
Sea-Otter Skins*, each - 1 5 0 0
Fox Skins, large, do. - 0 1 5 0.
Fox Skins, small, do. - - 0 0 7 5
Tiger, Leopard, and Martin Skins, do. - 0 1 5 0
Hand-Otter, Racoon, and Shark's Skins, hundred 2 0 0 0
Beaver Skins, do. - - - 5 0 0 0
Hare, Rabbit, and Ermine, do. 0 5 0 0
40 Smalts, 100 catties - - - - 4 0 0 0
41 Soap, do. - - - - - 0 5 0 0
42 Stock Fish, &c., do. - - - - 0 4 0 . 0
43 Sea-Horse Teeth, do. - 2 0 0 0
44 Treasure and Money of all kind - - Free.
45 Wine, Beer, Spirits, &c. in quart bottles, 100 bottles 1 0 0 0
In Pint bottles, 100 bottles - 0 5 0 0
In Cask, 100 catties - - - 0. 5 0 0
46 Woods, namely:—
Ebony, do. - - - - 0 1 5 0
Sandal Wood, do. - - 0. 5 0 0
0 0 0
Sapan Wood, do. - - - 1
Unenumerated Woods - - 10 per cent. ad valorem.
47 Woollen Manufactures, viz.:-
Broad Cloths, Spanish Stripes, Habit Cloth, &c., 53 a 64
inches wide - per Chang of 141 inches 0 1 5 0
Long Ells, Cassimeres, Flannel, and narrow Cloths of this
description, Chang of 141 inches - - 0 0 7 0
Blankets of all kinds, each s - - 0 1 0 0
Dutch Camlets, per Chang of 141 inches - - 0 1 5 0
Camlets, do. - • - - 0 0 7 0
Imitation do., Bombazettes, &c., do. • 0 0 3 5
Bunting (narrow), per Chang of 141 inches - 0 0 1 5
Unenumerated Woollen Goods, or Silk and Woollen, and
Cotton and Woollen Mixtures, &c. - 5 per cent, ad valorem.
48 Woollen Yarn, 100 catties - - - 3 0 0 0
* See preceding page.
[All Articles unenumerated in this Tariff, 5 per cent. ad valorem.]
- HENRY PottſNGER:
Seal
and Signature
of the
Chinese
Plenipotentiary.


PART XI.] ASIA.—CHINA. 417
CHINESE RE-ARRANGEMENT OF TARIFF, UNDER CLASSES
OF GOODS.
TITLE.—Tariff of Duties to be levied at the Fire Ports ºf Canton, &c. &c., as
newly Established.
The Duties which it is agreed shall be paid upon Goods Imported and Exported
by England, at the Five Ports of Customs of Canton, Foochow, Amoy, Ningpo,
and Shanghai, are here stated in classified order.
CLAss I.—Eaported Oilman's Stores (Oil, Waw, Alum Sulphur, &c.)
ARTICLEs.
Corresponding to No.
in Alpbabetical, i.e.,
English List.
Alum, i. e. White Alum—formerly White Alum and Bluestone I
Aniseed Oil, not formerly contained in the Tariff - - 2
Cassia Oil do. do. • - - 12
CLAss II.—Erported Spices, Tea, &c.
ARTICL::s.
Tea, (formerly divided into fine and native black, and fine and
native green, Teas) - 55
Aniseed, Star 2
Musk 37
CLAss II.-Exported Drugs.
Capoor Cutchery - - - - - 11
Camphor . - - - - - 9
Arsenic, under different Chinese names - - 3
Cassia • - - - - - 12
Cassia Buds, not formerly in Tariff - - - 12
China Root - - - - - 13
Cubebs, not formerly in Tariff . - - - 19
ARTICLEs.
Galingal . - - - - - 22
Hartall • - - - - - 28
Rhubarb . - - - - - 45
Turmeric - - - - - 57
CLAss IV.-Erported Sundries.
Bangles (glass armlets) not formerly in Tariff - - 4.
Bamboo Screens, and Bamboo Ware - - - 5
Corals, Native or false coral, not formerly in Tariff . - 17
Crackers, and fireworks of all kinds (formerly classed as rockets,
&c.) - • - - - - 18
Fans (feather fans, &c.) not formerly in the Tariff . - 20
Glass, Glass ware of all kinds, formerly classed as Native crystal
Ware - - - - - - 24
Glass beads, or False pearls • - - - 25
Kittysols, or paper Umbrellas - - - 30
Marble, Marble slabs, not formerly in Tariff - - 34
Rice-Paper pictures - - - - 39
Paper Fans - - - - - 40
Pearls (false), not formerly in Tariff - - - 42
2 E


.4 || 8 ASIA. —CHINA. [1845.
‘. to No-
- in Alphabetical, i. e.,
TARIFF.—continued. In . #. e
CLAss W.-Foyorted Painter's Stores, &c. &c.
Brass Leaf 6
Gamboge 23
Red Lead - - 33
Glue, as fish glue, cow-skin glue, &c. 26
'aper, Stationery 41
ARTICLEs.
Tinfoil 54
Vormilion - - - - 61
’aintings (large paintings), formerly divided into large and small
paintings - - - 39
White Lead 32
CLAss VI.-Exported Wares of various kinds.
Bone and Horn warc - - - - 8
China Ware, fine and coarse (formerly classed as fine, coarse,
native, and middling) - 14
Copper ware, and pewter ware 16
Manufactures of wood, furniture - - - 21
Ivory ware, all carved ivory work included, formerly divided into
ivory, and ivory carvings - 29
Lacquered ware . 31
Mother o' Pearl ware - 36
Rattan ware, rattan and Bamboo work 44
Sandal-wood ware - - - - 49
Gold and silver ware, formerly divided into Gold ware, and silver
Ware - - 51
Tortoise-shell ware 58
Leather Trunks and Boxes 59
CLAss VII.-Exported Woods, Canes, &c.
Canes or walking sticks of all kinds 10
CLAss VIII.-Eagorted Articles of Clothing.
Wearing apparel, whether of Cotton, Woollen, or Silk; formerly
divided into Cotton clothing, Woollen ditto, Silk and Satin ditto,
and Velvet ditto - - - - • 15
Boots and Shoes, whether of leather, satin, or otherwise 48
CLAss IX. Eayorted Fabrics of Cotton, &c.
Grass Cloth, and all Cloths of hemp or linen - 27
Nankeen, and all Cloths of Cotton (not formerly in the Tariff) 38
CLAss X. —Eagorted Silk, Fabrics of Silk, &c.
Raw Silk, of any province 46
Coarse or Refuse of Silk 46
Organzine of all kinds . - 46
Silk Ribbons and Thread - - - - 46
Silk and Satin Fabrics of all kinds, as crape, lute-strings, &c., &c.,
formerly classed as silks and satins - - * 46


PART XI.] ASIA.—CHINA. 419
- .g to No.
TARIFF-continued. ****
Silk and Cotton mixed Fabrics . e - - 47
Heretofore a further charge per piece has been 'levied; the
whole duty is now to be paid in one sum, and the further
charge is abolished.
CLAss XI.-Earported Carpetting, Matting, &c.
Mats of all kinds, as of straw, rattan, bamboo, &c., &c. - 35
CLAss XII.-Earported Preserves, &c.
ARTICLEs.
Preserved Ginger and Fruits of all kinds . • - 43
Soy • - - - - - 50
Sugar, white and brown - - - - 52
Sugar Candy, all kinds - - - - 53
Tobacco, prepared and unprepared, &c., &c., of all kinds • 56
CLAss XIII.-All that it has not been practicable herein to include, are to be
charged an ad valorem duty of five per cent.
CLAss XIV.-Gold and Silver Coin, and Gold and Silver. Duty free.
CLAss XV.-Bricks, Tiles, and Building Materials. Duty free.
CLAss I.—Imported Oilman's Stores, &c.
ARTICLEs.
Wax, Bees' Wax • - - - - 2
Rose Maloes • - - - - 36
Saltpetre, to be sold only to the licensed Agents of the Govern-
ment - - - - - - 37
Soap - - - - - - 4]
CLAss II.-Imported Spices and Perfumes.
Gum Benzoin and Oil of Ditto . - - - 24
Sandal wood - - - - - 46
Pepper - - - - - - 32
All other articles of this Class not included in the Tariff, to
pay an ad valorem duty of ten per cent.
Perfumery . - - - - . 5 per cent.
CLAss III.-Imported Drugs.
Assafoetida . - - - - - 1
Camphor Baroos (or Malay), 1st quality, or cleaned; formerly
classed as good and inferior Camphor - - 6
— 2nd quality, refuse; formerly classed as uncleaned Camphor 6
Cloves, 1st quality (picked) o • - - 7
2nd quality (Mother Cloves) - - - 7
Cow Bezoar - - - - - 15
Cutch - - - - - - 16


420 ASIA.—CHINA.
I1845.
Corresponding to No.
TARIFF-continued. English
Gambier - - 21
Betel Nut . - - - - 3.
Ginseng, 1st quality, or cleaned . - - 22
2nd ditto, refuse, or Ginseng beard 22
Gum Olibanum - 24
Myrrh - - 24
Mace, or Flower of Nutmeg 28
Mercury, or Quicksilver - 30
Nutmegs, 1st quality, or cleaned 31
2nd ditto, uncleaned 31
Putchuck 33
Rhinoceros' Horns 26
CLAss IV.-Imported Sundries.
Flints - y 19
Mother o' Pearl Shells 29
CLAss W.-Imported Dried Meats, &c.
ARTICLEs.
Bird's nests, 1st quality, cleaned 5
- 2nd quality, good middling 5
-- 3rd ditto, uncleaned 5
Bicho de Mar, 1st ditto, black 4
2nd ditto, white . - 4
Shark's fins, 1st ditto, white - e 38
- 2nd ditto, black 38
Stock fish and dried fish - o 42
Fish Maws, not formerly in the Tariff - 18
CLAss WI.-Imported Painter's Stores.
Cochineal - - - 10
Smalts - - - - - 40
Sapan Wood - - - - 46
CLAss VII.-Imported Woods, Canes, &c.
Rattans - - - - - 34
Ebony - - 46
All other imported woods—as red wood, satin wood, yellow
wood, &c., not included in the Tariff, 10 per cent. ad
walorem.
CLASE VIII.-Imported Clocks, Watches, and Trinketry.
Clocks
Watches
Telescopes . - - -
Glass panes, and glass and crystal ware of all kinds
ARTICLEs.
Writing Desks - -
Dressing Cases -
Jewellery of Gold and Silver
Cutlery, Swords, &c. . - - - -
All the foregoing, and any other miscellaneous articles of the
same description, 5 per cent. ad valorem.
2
:
:
in Alphabetical, i.e.,
ish List.


PART XI.] ASIA.—CHINA. 421
ºº No.
- in A tical, i.e.,
TARIFF-continued. " ; "“
CLAss IX.-Gold and Silver Bullion, and Specie.
Duty free . - - - - - 44
CLAss X.—Imported Cotton, Fabrics of Cotton, &c. &c.
Canvass . - • - - - 9
Cotton - - • - - - 12
Long Cloth, white, formerly divided into superior and inferior fine
cotton cloth • • 13
Cambrics and Muslins • º - - 13
Cottons, grey, or unbleached, domestic, &c., formerly classed as
coarse long cloth - • - - 13
Twilled Cottons, grey - - - - 13
Chintz and Prints, of all kinds . - - - 13
Cotton Yarn and Cotton Thread - - - 14
Linen, fine, not formerly in the Tariff - - - 27
Bunting - - • - • - 47
All other imported articles of this class, as Ginghams, Pulli-
cates, Dyed Cottons, Velveteens, Silk, and Cotton Mix-
tures, Coarse Linen, and Mixtures of Cotton and Linen,
&c., &c., 5 per cent, ad valorem - - 13
CLAss XI.-Imported Fabrics of Woollen, Silks, &c., &c.
Handkerchiefs, large . - - - - 13
——— small . - - - - 13
Gold and Silver Thread, superior or real . - - 23
-- — inferior or imitation - - - 23
Broad Cloth, Spanish Stripes, &c. - e - 47
Narrow Cloths, as Long Ells, Cassimeres, &c., &c. . - 47
Camlets (Dutch) - - - - - 47
Imitation Camlets or Bombazette - - - 47
Woollen Yarn - - - - - 48
Blankets . - - - 2 - 47
All other fabrics of wool, or of mixed wool and silk, wool
and cotton, &c., 5 per cent. ad valorem.
CLAss XII.-Imported Wines, Preserves, Spirits, &c.
Wine and Beer in quart bottles . - - - 45
——— in pint bottles - - - - 45
—— in cask - - - - 45
CLAss XIII.-Imported Metals.
ARTICLEs.
Copper, unmanufactured as in pigs - - - 30
manufactured as in sheets, rods, &c. - - 30
Iron, unmanufactured as in pigs - - - 30
manufactured as in bars, rods, &c. . - - 30
Lead, in pigs, or manufactured . - - - 30
Steel, unmanufactured - - - - 30
Tin - - - - - - 30
Tin Plates, not formerly in the Tariff - 30
All other Metals, as Zinc, Yellow Copper, &c., not herein
enumerated, 10 per cent ad valorem. -


422 ASIA.—CHINA. [1845.
Corresponding to No.
TARIFF-continued. Ini º Cºx.
CLAss XIV.-Imported Jewellery.
ARTICLEs.
Cornelians . - - - - - II.
Cornelian Beads : - -> - - 11
CLASS XV.-Imported Skins, Teeth, Horns, &c.
Bullock's and Buffalo's Horns . - - - 25
Cow and Ox hides, tanned and untanned . - - 39
Sea Ottter Skins - - - - - 39
Fox Skins, large and smalls - - - - 39
Tiger, Leopard, and Martin skins - - - 39
Land-Otter, Racoon, and Shark Skins - - - 39
Beaver Skins - - • - - 39
ARTICLEs.
Hare, Rabbit, and Ermine Skins - - - 39
Sea Horse Teeth - - - - - 43
Elephant's Teeth, 1st quality, whole - - - l?
- 2nd ditto, broken - - - 17
CLASS XVI.
All new goods imported, which it has not been practicable to in-
clude herein, 5 per cent. ad valorem.
CLASS XVII.
All Foreign Rice, and other Grain, duty free - - 35
SHIPPING DUES.
These have hitherto been charged upon the measurement of the ships's length
and breadth, at so much per chang; but it is now agreed to alter the system, and
charge according to the registered statement of the number of tons of cargo the ship
may carry. On each ton (reckoned equal to the cubic contents of 122 tow,) a
shipping charge of five mace is to be levied : and all the old charges of measure-
ment, entrance and port-clearance fees, daily and monthly fees, &c., are to be
abolished.
Taoukwang, 33rd year, 8th month, –day.
(July —, 1843.
L. S.
of the Supt.
of
Customs,
L. S. L. S. L. S.
of gºal of High of Gymor
~. Two Kwang. Commissioner, Canton,
(A true abstract—reference numbers to the Alphabetic List being inserted in
place of the amounts of duty, those amounts having been carefully com-
pared and found correct.). -
(Signed) - J. RoBT. MoRR1son,
Chinese Secretary and Interpreter.


PART Xſ.] ASIA.—CHINA. 423
General Regulations, under which the British Trade is to be conducted at the
Five Sorts of Canton, Amoy, Foochow, Ningpo, and Shanghai.
1. Pilots.--Whenever a British merchantman shall arrive off any of the five ports opened to
trade, viz., Canton, Foochow, Amoy, Ningpo, or Shanghai, pilots shall be allowed to take her
immediately into port; and in like manner, when such British ship shall have settled all legal
duties and charges, and is about to return home, pilots shall be immediately granted to take her
out to sea, without any stoppage or delay.
Regarding the remuneration to be given these pilots, that will be equitably settled by the
British Consul appointed to each particular port, who will determine it with due reference to the
distance gone over, the risk run, &c.
2. Custom-house Guards.-The Chinese Superintendent of Customs at each port will adopt
the means that he may judge most proper to prevent the revenue suffering by fraud or smuggling.
Whenever the pilot shall have brought any British merchantman into port, the Superintendent
of Customs will depute one or two trusty custom-house officers, whose duty it will be to watch
against frauds on the revenue. These will either live in a boat of their own, or stay on board
the English ship, as may best suit their convenience. Their food and expenses will be supplied
them from day to day from the custom-house, and they may not exact any fees whatever from
either the commander or the consignee. Should they violate this regulation, they shall be
punished proportionately to the amount so exacted.
3. Masters of Ships reporting themselves on arrival.—Whenever a British vessel shall have
cast anchor at any of the above mentioned ports, the captain will, within four and twenty hours
after arrival, proceed to the British Consulate, and deposit his ships' papers, bills of lading,
manifest, &c., in the hands of the Consul; failing to do which he will subject himself to a
penalty of two hundred dollars.
For presenting a false manifest, the penalty will be five hundred dollars.
For breaking bulk and commencing to discharge, before due permission shall be obtained,
the penalty will be five hundred dollars, and confiscation of the goods so discharged.
The Consul, having taken possession of the ships’ papers, will immediately send a written
communication, to the Superintendent of Customs, specifying the register tonnage of the ship
and the particulars of the cargo she has on board ; all of which being done in due form, per-
mission will then be given to discharge, and the duties levied as provided for in the tariff.
4 Commercial Dealings between English and Chinese Merchants—It having been stipulated
that English merchants may trade with whatever native merchants they please—should any
Chinese merchant abscond or incur debts which he is unable to discharge, the Chinese autho-
rities, upon complaint being made thereof, will of course do their utmost to bring the offender
to justice; it must, however, be distinctly understood, that if the defaulter really cannot be
found, or be dead or bankrupt, and there be not wherewithal to pay, the English merchants may
not appeal to the former custom of the Hong merchants paying for one another, and can no
longer expect to have their losses made good to them. -
5. Tonnage Dues.—Every English merchantman, on entering any one of the above mentioned
five ports, shall pay tonnage dues at the rate of five mace per register ton, in full of all charges.
The fees formerly levied, on entry and departure, of every description, are henceſorth abolished.
6. Import and Eaport Duties.—Goods, whether imported into, or exported from any one of the
above mentioned five ports, are henceforwad to be taxed according to the tariff as now fixed and
agreed upon, and no further sums are to be levied beyond those which are specified in the tariff.
All duties incurred by an English merchant vessel, whether on goods imported or exported, or in
the shape of tonnage dues, must first be paid up in full; which done, the Superintendent of
Customs will grant a port-clearance, and this being shown to the British Consul, he will thereupon
return the ship's papers, and permit the vessel to depart.
7, Eramination of Goods at the Custom-house–Tare-Every English merchant, having
cargo to load or discharge, must give due intimation thereof, and hand particulars of the same to
the Consul, who will immediately dispatch a recognised linguist of his own establishment to
communicate the particulars to the Superintendent of Customs, that the goods may be duly
examined, and neither party subjected to loss. The English merchant must also have a properly
º person on the spot to attend to his interests when his goods are being examined for
uty; otherwise, should there be complaints, these cannot be attended to.
Regarding such goods as are subject by the tariff to an ad valorem, duty; if the English
merchant cannot agree with the Chinese officer in fixing a value, then either party shall call two
or three merchants to look at the goods, and the highest price at which any of these merchants
would be willing to purchase, shall be assumed to be the value of the goods.
To fix the tare on any article, such as tea; if the English merchant cannot agree with the
custom-house officer, then each party shall choose so many chests out of every hundred, which
being first weighed in gross, shall afterwards be tared, and the average tare upon these chests
shall be assumed as the tare upon the whole; and upon this principle shall the tare be fixed upon
all other goods in packages. -
If there should still be any disputed points which cannot be settled, the English merchant
may appeal to the Consul, who will communicate the particulars of the case to the Superintendent
of Customs, that it may be equitably arranged. But the appeal must be made on the same day
or it will not be regarded. While such points are still open, the Superintendent of customs will
delay to insert the same in his books, thus affording an opportunity that the merits of the case
may be duly tried and sifted. - - -
8. Manner of paying the Duties.--It is hereinbefore provided, that every English vessel that
enters any one of the five ports, shall pay all duties and tonnage dues before she be permitted to
depart. The Superintendent of Customs will select certain shroffs, or banking establishments,
of known stability, to whom he will give licences, authorising them to receive duties from the
English merchants on behalf of Government, and the receipt of these shroffs for any moneys
aid them shall be considered as a Government voucher. In the paying of these duties different
inds of foreign money may be made use of; but as foreign money is not of equal purity with


424 ASIA.—CHINA. [1845,
Sycee silver, the English Consuls appointed to the different ports will, according to time, place,
and circumstances, arrange with the Superintendent of Customs at each, what coins may be taken
in payment, and what per centage may be necessary to make them equal to standard or pure silver.
9. Weights and Measures.—Sets of balance-yards for the weighing of goods, of money-
weights, and of measures, prepared in exact conformity to those hitherto in use at the Custom-
house of Canton, and duly stainped and sealed in proof thereof, will be kept in possession of the
Superintendent of Customs, and also at the British Consulate at each of the five ports; and
these shall be the standards by which all duties shall be charged, and all sums paid to Govern-
ment. In case of any dispute arising between British merchants and Chinese officers of customs,
regarding the weights or measures of goods, reference shall be made to these standards, and dis-
putes decided accordingly.
10. Lighters or Cargo Boats.--Whenever any English merchant shall have to load or dis-
charge cargo, he may hire whatever kind of lighter or cargo-boat he pleases, and the sum to be
paid for such boat can be settled between the parties themselves, without the interference of
Government. The number of these bººts shall not be limited, nor shall a monopoly of them be
granted to any parties. If any smuggling take place in them, the offenders º of course be
punished according to law. Should any of these boat-people, while engaged in conveying goods
for English merchants, fraudulently abscond with the property, the Chinese authorities will do
their best to apprehend them; but, at the same time, the English merchants must take every
due precaution for the safety of their goods.
11. Transhipment of Goods.-No English merchant-ships may transship goods without
special permission: should any urgent case happen where transshipment is necessary, the cir-
cumstances must first be submitted to the Consul, who will give a certificate to that effect, and
the Superintendent ºf Customs will then send a special officer to be present at the transshipment.
If any one presumes to transship without such permission being asked for and obtained, the
whole of the goods so illicitly transhipped will be confiscated.
12. Subordinate Consular (ifficers.-At any place selected for the anchorage of the English
merchant-ships, there may be appointed a subordinate Consular officer, of approved good con-
duct, to exercise due control over the seamen and others. He must exert himself to prevent
quarrels between the English seamen and natives, this being of the utmost importance. Should
any thing of the kind unfortunately take place, he will in like manner do his best to arrange it
amicably. When sailors go on shore to walk, officers shall be required to accompany them;
and should disturbances take place, such officers will be held responsible. The Chinese officers
may not impede natives from coming alongside the ships to sell clothes and other necessaries to
the sailors living on board.
13. Disputes between British Subjects and Chinese.—Whenever a British subject has reason
to complain of a Chinese, he must first procecd to the Consulate and state his grievance. The
Consul will thereupon inquire into the merits of the case, and do his utmost to arrange it ami-
cably. In like manner, if a Chinese have reason to complain of a British subject, he shall no
less listen to his complaint, and endeavour to settle it in a friendly manner. If an English
merchant have occasion to address the Chinese authorities, he shall send such address through
the Consul, who will see that the language is becoming ; and, if otherwise, will direct it to be
changed, or will refuse to convey the address. If, unfortunately, any disputes take place of such
a nature that the Consul cannot arrºr them amicably, then he shall request the assistance of a
Chinese officer, that they may together examine into the merits of the case, and decide it equi-
tably. Regarding the punishment of English criminals, the English Government will enact the
laws necessary to attain that end, and the Consul will be empowered to put them in force; and
regarding the punishment of Chinese criminals, these will be tried and punished by their own
laws, in the way provided for by the correspondence which took place at Nankin, after the con-
cluding of the peace.
14. British Government Cruizers anchoring within the Ports.-Am English Government
cruizer will anchor within each of the five ports, that the Consul may have the means of better
restraining sailors and others, and preventing disturbances. But these Government cruizers are
not to be put on the same footing as merchant-vessels; for, as they bring no merchandise, and
do not come to trade, they will of course pay neither dues, nor charges. The resident Consul
will keep the Superintendent of Customs duly informed of the arrival and departure of such
Government cruizers, that he may take his measures accordingly.
15. On the Security to be given for British Merchant-vessels.--It has hitherto been the
custom, when an English vessel entered the port of Cantom, that a Chinese Hong merchant
stood security for her, and all duties and charges were paid through such security-merchant;
but these security-merchants being now done away with, it is understood, that the British
Consul will henceforth be security for all British merchant-ships entering any of the aforesaid
five ports.
HENRY Potti NGER.
Seal and
Signature of
the Chinese
Plenipotentiary.


PART XI.] ASIA.—CHINA. 4.25
ACTS OF THE LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL.
No. 5 of 1844. An Ordinance to carry into effect the Treaties between Great
Britain and China, and to indemnify Her Majesty's Consuls and all other
persons in China, who may have assisted therein, passed the Legislative Council
10th April, 1844.
The enactments are as follows:–
1st. Treaties with China to have the same effect as an Ordinance.
2nd. Superintendent of Trade and Consuls to levy fines on and detain persons and ships
offending against the provisions of the Treaties.
3rd. Persons and ships offending to be detained until security given for good behaviour, and
Consul to report detention of person or ship, or to send them to Hong Kong.
4th. Penalty for offending against provisions of Treaties to which no penalty is therein affixed,
and which are contrary to the laws of England, a fine not exceeding 200 dollars.
5th. Double penalties to be imposed by Superintendent of Trade on flagrant offenders, and
imprisonment in the event of the fine not being paid.
th. Regulations made by Superintendent of Trade to remain in force, Consuls to inflict pe-
malties provided therein.
7th. Fines to be paid to Her Majesty.
8th. Consul, on production of instructions of Superintendent of Trade, to be exonerated from
all liability.
9th. tºmanders of Her Majesty’s ships and others exonerated on producing requisition from
Her Majesty's Consuls.
10th. Actions to be brought in Hong Kong within six months, and two months’ notice thereof
given, that defendant may tender amends, and plaintiff shall not recover costs unless the judge
certifies.
11th. Indemnity to Consuls and others for acts hitherto performed in carrying Treatics or
Regulations into effect.
12th. No act done or performed by any such Consul or other person aforesaid, shall be ques-
tioned or avoided in any court of law by reason of any supposed want of power or authority, and
that all such acts so done and performed shall be, and they are declared to be, as valid and
effectual to all intents and purposes as if each of such Consuls, or other persons, had done and
performed such acts under or by virtue of this Ordinance.
COTTON MANUFACTURES.
China does not now, for the first time, receive our cotton manufactures, hav-
ing, since 1826, been a customer to a considerable amount.—Hong Kong Gaz.,
April 13, 1844.
OPIUM.
The adulteration of opium in Bombay appears to be carried on to such an ex-
tent that, if steps are not taken to put an end to it the existence of the trade will
be endangered.—Bombay Times, July, 1844.
QUICKSILVER.
This metal, so extensively employed in medicine, in the amalgamation of the
noble metals, in water gilding, the making of vermilion, the silvering of looking-
glasses, the filling of barometer and thermometer tubes, &c. has hitherto been
imported chiefly from Spain, Germany, and Peru. Now, however, there is a
prospect of its being obtained from China, some of the provinces of which have
been long known to yield it in considerable abundance. One of the main novel-
ties in the Chinese import consists in the mode of package, the metal being simply
poured into a piece of bamboo, about a foot long and three inches thick, having
each end firmly closed with rosin. This rude form of package is found quite as
serviceable as the iron bottle in which mercury is usually brought, while it is
lighter, and in every way more convenient for shipment. Specimens were recently
shown in the London market; and from the remunerating prices which they
brought, it is expected that renewed shipments of the article to Europe will take
place on an extensive scale.—Bombay Times.
SMALL ARMS.
Hong Kong, April 16, 1844.
Small arms of every description obtain a ready sale, a marked preference being
given to those on the percussion principle. Large quantities of caps are of course
sold in consequence.—Cor.


426 ASIA.—CHINA. [1845:
LATEST INTELLIGENCE.
Canton, Aug. 30, 1844.
Several heavy purchases of silk have been made. The prices quoted are, for
Tsatlee, 520 dollars to 550 dollars per picul. Of Taysaam there was none in the
market. Canton was quoted 280 dollars to 350 dollars. The new crop is arriv-
ing slowly. Of 1,250 bales which have come to market, 1,100 bales were bought
at, for No. 1,540 dollars; No. 2,520 dollars. The silk is reported to be of an
ordinary quality of Tsatlee. It appears that the quantity of silk offered for sale
between the 7th and 14th of August was about one-half of the entire shipments of
the year 1843. The teas which had been brought to market were all bought up
at prices varying from 39 to 43 taels. The following are the prices at which pur-
chases have been made :-Congou old, 12 dollars to 16 dollars; new ditto, 39
dollars to 43 dollars; Caper new, 19 dollars to 27 dollars; souchong old, 15 dol-
lars to 20 dollars; souchong new, 30 to 50 dollars; orange pekoe new, 27 to 34
dollars; orange, fine scented, 30 to 70 dollars; twankay, 14 to 24 dollars; young
hyson, 50 to 56 dollars; hyson skin, 15 to 32 dollars; gunpowder, 43 to 70 dol-
lars; imperial, 40 to 67. In fact, cotton was altogether unsaleable, except in
barter for teas. The quotations were—for Bombay, old, 4.5 to 5.5 dollars; new
6.5 to 7.8 dollars. For Madras qualities there was no demand, and no quotations
are given. Bengal was quoted 6.8 to 8.5 dollars. Bills on London at six months’
sight, 4s 3d. ; Navy Bills, three days' sight, 4s. to 4s. 1d. Freights to England
were quoted at £4 per ton of 50 feet. To Amoy, 6 dollars per ton of 40 feet.
To ports north of Amoy, 8 dollars per 40 feet. For gray cotton goods there was
rather an active demand; but for bleached qualities there was no inquiry. The
importations of both descriptions had been very large. White shirtings, 40-inch,
3.50 dollars to 3.80 dollars per piece; gray ditto, 40-inch, 2.90 dollars to 3.40
dollars per piece. The stock of yarns was very heavy, and there appears to be no
improvement in prices. Nos. 18 to 30 are quoted 24 dollars to 26.50 dollars per
picul. Nos. 38 to 42, 29 dollars to 30 dollars per picul. The heavy importations
of opium, and the knowledge that large shipments were on the way, had caused a
decline in the various qualities of the drug. Prices were merely nominal. A few
chests of Patna were sold at 760 dollars—some circulars quote the rate 765 to
810. Malwa is quoted at 750 dollars. At Chusan, Patna was quoted at 810 dol-
lars, and Malwa 840. Turkey drug at Hong-Kong was selling at 380—the lat-
ter is increasing in consumption in consequence of the inferiority of Malwa. On
the above prices no rise is anticipated.—Cor.
MONEYS."k
10 Cash . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I Canderine.
10 Canderines ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Mace.
10 Mace ... . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Tael.
Or, 1 Tael, 10 Mace, 100 Canderines; or 1,000 Cash.
72 Taels equal to 100 Spanish Dollars. -
EXAMPLES.
~
How many Taels will 1,142 Peculs 10 Catties give? and, at 11s. 2d. per Pecul,
how many Dollars will it give 2 72 equal to 100 Dollars.
Pls. Ctts. Fractions.
1,142 10 1,142 10
11 2
-- — *
12,563 10 1,000)228,420(228 4 2 0
* 228 4 2 0
Taels...... 12,791 5 2 0
* As to Circulating medium at Hong Kong, see p. 406.


PART XI.] ASIA.—CHINA. 427
If 72 Taels give 100 Spanish Dollars, what will 12,792 Taels give 2
Taels.
12,792
100
72)1,279,200/17,766 dollars.
If I Pecul cost 420 Dollars, what is it per ib. exchange at 4s. 10d. per Dollar *
Dollars.
133} 420
3 58 pence.
400 3,360
- 2,100
24,360
3
400)73,080( 12 ( 182
15/2 per lb.
lf 31 Peculs 57 Catties cost 18,099 Dollars, exchange at 4s. 11}d. per Dollar,
what is it per lb. ?
Dollars.
31 57% 18,099
133 59 pence.
93 162,891
93 90,495
31 -
- 1,067,841
4,123 9,049%
67 lb. * -
- 4,190)1,076,890( 12
4,190 ( 257
21/5 per Ib.
WEIGHTS.
1 Pecul equal to 100 Catties, 1,600 Taels, or 133% lb. avoirdupois.
3 Taels . - ... equal to . - . 4 oz. * >
# Catty - - - - 1 lb.
84 , , - - - - - - . 1 cwt.
16 Peculs and 80 Catties - - - 1 ton.
Or, 3 Peculs . . equal to - . 400 lb. avoirdupois.
3 Catties - - - - 4 lb.
3 Tael. - - - - - - 4 oz.
To Bring Peculs into lb.
In 203 Peculs, 2 Catties, how many lbs. 2
Pls. Ctts.
203 2
133}
609
609
203
Add one-third of the top line, about 67
Add 2 Catties, say about . • 2 lb. 10 oz.
27,068 lb. 10 oz.


428 ASIA.—CHINA. [1845,
lb.
152,280
3.
— Pls. Ctts.
1333 400)456,840(1,142 10
3
100
Or, in 900 cwt. 3 qº. 15 lb. how many Peculsº
Cwt. qr, lb.
900 3 15
112
133, 1800
3. 900
--- 90()
{ 0() -
100,800
99
100,899
3
— Pls. Ctt.
100)302,697 (756 74
FURTHER REGULATIONS AS TO CHINA TRADE.
See p. 430.
EAST INDIES.
EAST INDIA COMPANY'S TERRITORIES, EXCLUSIVE OF
SINGAPORE.
Principal Ports.-Aleppi,” Arracan, Bimlepatam, Bombay Island, Coringa,
Calcutta, Chittagong, Fort William, Madras, Malacca, Penang, Surat, Tanaserim,
Tellicherry, Visigapatam.
MALACCA.
Could there be doubt in the mind of any intelligent person that it is to the
interest of every Ship Owner to supply each of his Ship-Masters with a copy of
“Pope's YEARLY Jours.All of TRADE,” the following Report, as well as the
Notices in numerous other pages of this Work, must remove such doubt. Look,
for instance, at the appalling case of the “Wreck of the Ceylon,” in the Indian
Ocean, in this Part, and then judge if not only interest but humanity also do not
sternly demand such supply.—Ed.
REPORT OF CAPTAIN DUMARESQ OF THE ANTELOPE.
Nov. 3, 1844.
In Horsburgh's charts of Malacca Straits there is a doubtful three fathoms bank
laid down, bearing from Tonjon Patta Point, N. by E., 14 miles from Malacca
Town, S.W. by S. 20 miles, and from Onjong Bantan Point (on Pulo Rupat)
* By G. O. Sept. 28, 1833, Aleppi, on the Malabar coast, is not a British possession, being
like Quillon, a port within the dominions of the Rajah of Travancore,
By C. O., Feb. 16, 1837, Mysore is not a British possession within the meaning of 5 & 6
Will. IV., c. 66, and 6 & 7 Will. IV. c. 66.


430 ASIA.—EAST INDIEs. [1845.
safety of the vessel by suddenly falling upon the Oyster rock or reef before sighting
the lighthouse. • .
Strangers are advised not to make use of the channel inside of the Oyster rock
or reef on any occasion. JAMES C. MELv1LL, Secretary.
By 9 & 10 Will. 3, c. 4, § 61, certain persons are allowed to freely
traffic, “and use the trade of merchandise in such places, and by such ways
and passages as are already frequented, found out, or discovered, or which -
shall be found out, and discovered, and as they severally shall esteem and
take to be the fittest or best for them, into and from the East Indies, in the
countries and parts of Asia and Africa, and into and from the islands, ports,
havens, cities, creeks, towns, and places of Asia, Africa, and America, or any
of them, beyond the Cape of Bona Esperanza, to the Straits of Magellan,
where any trade or traffic of merchandise is or may be used or had, and to
and from every one of them,”
By 33 Geo. 3, c. 52, § 71, the East India Company shall enjoy the ex-
clusive trade, and the only privilege of trading, in, to, and from the East
Indies, and in, to, and from all the islands and places between the Cape of
Good Hope and Straits of Magellan, and limits in 9 Will. 3, or in a certain
charter of the 5th of September, in the 10th year of the same king men-
tioned, in as ample and beneficial manner as the Company could thereby or
otherwise lawfully trade thereto, subject nevertheless to the several regula-
tions of that Act.
By 53 Geo. 3, c. 155, § 1, the territorial acquisitions mentioned in 33 Geo.
3, c. 52, together with such of the territorial acquisitions since obtained upon
the continent of Asia, or in any islands situate to the north of the equator
as are now in the possession of, and under the government of the East India
Company, with the revenues thereof respectively, shall continue in the pos-
session and under the government of the Company, subject to such authori-
ties, for the superintendence over all concerns which relate to the civil or
military government or revenues of the said territories, and to such further
regulations as have been already made by any Act of Parliament in that
behalf, or are made by this Act, for a further term, to be computed from the
10th April, 1814, until the same shall be determined by virtue of the proviso
hereinafter contained.
By 6 Geo. 4, c. 107, § 115, the term “Limits of the East India Company's
charter” shall be construed to mean all places and seas eastward of the Cape
of Good Hope to the Straits of Magellan.
Goods of places within the limits of the East India Company's charter,
unless into such ports in the United Kingdom as shall be approved of by the
Lords of the Treasury, and declared by order in council to be fit and proper
for such importation, prohibited to be imported on pain of forfeiture. 3 & 4
Will. 4, c. 52, § 58.
PORTS.
By O. C., Jan. 30, 1827, Sept. 17, 1834, and Aug. 26, 1835, the following
ports are declared fit and proper for the importation of goods of places within the
limits of the East India Company's Charter, viz.:-
London. Dublin. Leith.
Liverpool. - Cork. Greenock.
Bristol. Belfast. Port Glasgow.
Gloucester, O. C., Aug. 19, 1837. Waterford.
Hull.
Newcastle-upon-Tyne.
Whitehaven.
See List in WAREHousing, PART VIII. - -
China and Tea Trade.—From April 22, 1834, the exclusive right of
A


PART XI.] ASIA.—EAST INDIEs. 431
trading with the dominions of the Emperor of China, and of trading in tea,
continued to the Company by the said 53 Geo. 3, shall cease. 3 & 4 Will. 4,
c. 85, § 3.
Company to close their Business.-The Company shall, with all convenient
speed, after April 22, 1834, close their commercial business, and make sale
of all their merchandise, stores, and effects at home and abroad. § 4.
How Persons may reside in certain parts without Licence.—It shall be
lawful for any natural-born subjects of His Majesty to proceed by sea to any
place having a custom-house establishment within the territories, and to
reside thereat, or to proceed to and reside in or pass through any part of
such of the territories as were under the government of the Company on
January 1, 1800, and in any part of the country ceded by the Nabob of the
Carnatic, of the province of Cuttack, and of the settlements of Singapore and
Malacca, without any licence whatever; provided that all subjects of His
Majesty, not natives of the said territories, shall, on their arrival in any part
of the said territories from any place not within the said territories, make
known in writing their names, places of destination, and objects of pursuit
in India, to the chief officer of customs or other officer authorised for that
purpose at such places as aforesaid. § 81.
Licence in certain Cases. Parts of India without Licence.—It shall not
be lawful for any subject of His Majesty, except the servants of the said
Company and others now lawfully authorised to reside in the said territories,
to enter the same by land, or to proceed to or reside in any place in such
parts of the said territories as are not hereinbefore in that behalf mentioned,
without licence from the said board of commissioners, or the said court of
directors, or the said governor-general in council, or a governor or governor
in council of any of the said presidencies for that purpose first obtained,
provided that no lieence given to any natural-born subject of His Majesty to
reside in parts of the territories not open to all such subjects shall be deter-
mined or revoked unless in accordance with the terms of some express clause
of revocation or determination in such licence contained. § 82.
Other Places.—It shall be lawful for the governor-general in council, with
the previous consent and approbation of the court of directors for that purpose
obtained, to declare any place whatever within the said territories open to all
His Majesty's natural-born subjects, and it shall be thenceforth lawful for
any of His Majesty's natural-born subjects to proceed to, or reside in, or
pass through, any place or places declared open, without any licence what-
ever. § 83.
Trade Opened.—It shall be lawful for any of His Majesty's subjects to
carry on trade with any countries beyond the Cape of Good Hope to the
Straits of Magellan. 3 & 4 Will. 4, c. 93, § 2.
List of Persons on board Ship arriving in India.-The person having the
command of any ship arriving at any place in the possession of or under the
government of the said Company shall make out, sign, and deliver to the
principal officer of customs, or other person thereunto lawfully authorised, a
true and perfect list, specifying the names, capacities, and description of all
persons who shall have been on board such ship at the time of its arrival;
and if any person having the command of such ship shall not make out, sign,
and deliver such list, he shall forfeit £100, one-half part of which penalty
shall belong to such persons as shall inform or sue for the same, and the
other half part to the said Company; and if the said Company shall inform
or sue for the same, then the whole of the said penalty shall belong to the
said Company. § 3.
How His Majesty may issue Orders and Commissions. Regulations
touching Trade.—It shall be lawful for His Majesty to give to the said super-
intendents powers and authorities over the trade and commerce of His
Majesty's subjects within any part of the said dominions; and to issue di-
rections touching the said trade and commerce, and for the government of


432 ASIA. —EAST INDIE's. [1845.
His Majesty's subjects within the said dominions; and to impose penalties
or imprisonment for the breach of any such directions. § 6.
Tonnage Duties. London Gazette.—It shall be lawful for His Majesty,
by any order to be issued from time to time, to impose, and to empower such
persons as His Majesty in council shall think fit to collect on account of any
ship belonging to any of the subjects of His Majesty entering any place
where the said superintendents or any of them shall be stationed, such duty
on tonnage and goods as shall from time to time be specified in such order,
not exceeding in respect of tonnage 5s. for ‘. ton, and not exceeding in
respect of goods 10s. for every £100 of the value of the same, the fund
arising from the collection of which duties shall be appropriated in such
manner as His Majesty in council shall direct, towards defraying the ex-
penses of the establishments by this Act authorised within the said dominions:
Provided always, that every order in council issued by authority of this Act
shall be published in the London Gazette; and that every such order in
council and the amount of the expense incurred, and of duties raised under
this Act, shall be annually laid before both Houses of Parliament. § 8.
Pririleges of Ships --All ships built at any place within the limits of the
East India Company's charter prior to January 1, 1816, and which then
were and have continued ever since to be solely the property of His Majesty's
subjects, shall be deemed to be British ships for all the purposes of trade
within the said limits, including the Cape of Good Hope. 3 & 4 Will. 4,
c. 59, § 4.
Certificate of Sugar.—It shall be lawful for any person, being the shipper
of any sugar the produce of some British possession, within the limits of the
East India Company's charter, to be exported from any place in such pos-
sessions, to go before the collector or controller or other chief officer of
customs at such place, or, if there be no such officer of customs, to go before
the principal officer of such place, or the judge or commercial resident of
the district, and make and sign an affidavit before him that such sugar was
really and bona fide the produce of such British possession, to the best of his
knowledge and belief; and such officer, judge, or resident is hereby autho-
rised and required to administer such affidavit, and to grant a certificate thereof,
setting forth in such certificate the name of the ship in which the sugar is to
be exported, and the destination of the same. § 83.
Lascars and Natives of India.-No Asiatic sailors, Lascars, or natives of
any of the territories, countries, islands, or places within the limits of the
charter of the East India Company, although born in territories, countries,
islands, or places under the government of His Majesty, or of the East India
Company, shall at any time be deemed to be British sailors, seamen, or
mariners within the intent and meaning of any Act of Parliament relating
to the navigation of British ships by subjects of His Majesty, for the purpose
f entitling any vessel to be deemed to be a British ship navigated according
to law, and to have the privileges and advantages of British ships having
the master and three-fourth of the mariners British subjects: provided also,
that it shall be lawful for His Majesty, by his royal proclamation, upon or,
after the commencement of any hostilities, to permit all merchant-ships, or
any other trading vessels, and all privateers, to be manned wholly, or in any
such proportions as shall be specified in any such proclamation, with such
Asiatic sailors, lascars, or natives, for such periods as shall be specified in
any such proclamation. 4 Geo. 4, c. 80, § 20.
Proportion of Lascars.--Any vessel duly registered, manned in part with
lascars or natives of India, which shall be commanded by a British master,
and navigated by four British seamen, as part of the crew for every hundred
tons of her registered burden, and so in proportion for any part of a hundred
tons, shall be deemed to be navigated according to law, as to the crew of any
such vessel, although the number of such British seamen shall not be equal
to the proportion of three-fourths of the whole crew of such vessel. $21,


PART XI.] ASIA.—EAst INDIEs. 433
British Seamen wanting.—And whereas it may not always be possible to
procure the due proportion of British seamen at ports in India for vessels
sailing from India; it is therefore enacted, that it shall be lawful for any of
the governments of the East India Company in India or for any governor
or lieutenant-governor of any colony, territory, or island belonging to His
Majesty, within the limits of the said charter, and they are hereby required,
on application made by the owner or commander of any vessel, and after
having ascertained, by due inquiry, that a sufficient number of British sea-
men cannot be procured for the crew of any vessel sailing from India, within
ten days from such application to certify the same, and licence such vessel to
sail and carry on her voyage with a less proportion of British seamen than
required by law; and every such ship, having on board such licence, and
the proportion of British seamen therein specified, shall be deemed to be
navigated according to law, notwithstanding such deficiency of Pritish sea-
men. § 22.
Seamen in Limits only.—Nothing in this or in any other Act of Parlia-
ment shall extend to require any number of British seamen to be on board
as part of the crew or mariners of any vessel employed in trade only between
places within the limits of the charter of the said company, including the
Cape of Good Hope. § 23.
Former Act as to Lascars.--From and after 1st June, 1824, all the pro-
visions in 54 Geo. 3, c. 134, relative to Asiatic sailors, lascars, or natives of
any territories, countries, or places within the limits of the charter of the
company, are hereby repealed, except as to the recovery of any sum of
money which has become or may become due on any bond which may have
been or ought to have been entered into before the said day, or of any sum
of money which has otherwise become or may become due by virtue of the
said Act, before the said day. § 24. -
Rules as to Masters and Crews by Governor of Fort William.—The
governor-general of Fort William in Bengal, in council, is hereby required,
as soon as may be, to make and publish, and from time to time, as occasion
may require, to repeal and alter, and newly to make and publish such regu-
lations, to be observed by masters, officers, and owners of vessels trading
under the authority of this Act, the crews of which vessels shall be wholly
or in part composed of Asiatic sailors, lascars, or natives of any of the
places within the limits of the charter of the company, for the due supply of
provisions, clothing, and other necessary accommodaiion of such Asiatic
sailors, lascars, and natives, whilst they shall be on board such vessels, and
whilst absent from the countries or places to which they shall respectively
belong, and until they shall be carried back to the places to which they may
belong, or whence they may have been brought, and for the conveyance
back of such Asiatic sailors, lascars, or natives, within a reasonable time, to
be fixed by such regulations. § 25.
Rules binding.—All such regulations, until they shall be repealed or
altered, shall be observed in like manner as if they had formed part of this
Act; and a copy of every such regulation, signed and authenticated as such
by the secretary of the governor of Bengal, or by the secretary of the com-
pany, shall be received in and by all courts, justices, and other persons, as
full evidence of such regulations. § 26.
Lists of Lascars on arrival in United Kingdom.—The master of every
vessel trading under the authority of this Act, which shall arrive at an
port in the United Kingdom of Great Britain or Ireland, and which shall
have on board, or which, during any part of her voyage, shall have had on
board, either as part of her crew or in any other character, or for any other
reason, any Asiatic sailor, lascar, or native of any of the territories, countries,
islands, or places within the limits of the charter of the company, before
such vessel shall be admitted to entry, shall make out and exhibit to the
principal officer of customs, or other person thereunto lawfully authorised, a
2 F


434 ASIA.—EAst INDIEs. [1845.
true and perfect list and description of every such Asiatic sailor, lascar, or
native, who shall then be, or who during any part of her voyage shall have
been, on board such vessel, with a true account and statement of what shall
have become of every such Asiatic sailor, lascar, and native aforesaid, who
may have been and shall not then be on board. § 27. [See p. 20.]
Breach of Rules as to Lascars.-For every breach or non-observance of
any regulation to be made in pursuance of this Act, in relation to Asiatic
sailors, lascars, or natives aforesaid, which shall have happened, and for
every omission to make out and exhibit such list, description, account, or
statement of all such Asiatic sailors, lascars, or natives, the master and every
owner of the vessel on board which any such Asiatic sailor, lascar, or native
shall be or shall have been, shall forfeit 10l. for every Asiatic sailor, lascar,
or native aforesaid, in respect of whom such breach, non-observance, omis-
sion, or defect shall have happened. § 28.
Manifest to be produced before clearing out.—Before any ship shall be
cleared out or depart from any place in any of the British possessions
abroad, or from any place in China, with any goods for the United Kingdom
or for the Isle of Man, the master of such ship shall produce the manifest
to the collector or controller of the customs, or other proper officer, who shall
certify upon the same the date of the production thereof to him. 3 & 4 Will.
4, c. 52, § 4.
Vessels entitled to Privileges under former Acts.-Until declaration by
proclamation shall be made by the governor-general in council, as herein-
after is authorised, as well all ships mentioned in the said enactment con-
tained in the preceding Act of King William the Fourth, as also all other
vessels described in the preceding Act of 55 Geo. 3, shall have the same pri-
vileges as were thereby given to such vessels. 3 & 4 Vict., c. 56, § 1.
{Aug. 7, 1840.]
Force as to former Act.—For all purposes of indemnity and discharge
from all actions, forfeitures, disabilities, or impediments, and for all purposes
of confirming and giving validity to all sales, assignments, mortgages,
contracts, engagements, bonds, policies of assurance, gifts, bequests, rights,
titles, interests, matters, and things whatsoever, which but for the repeal
of the said privileges would have been valid and effectual in law, and
for all other beneficial purposes whatever, this Act shall have the same
force and effect as if the said Act of 55 Geo. 5, c. 116, had never been re-
pealed. § 2.
How Governor-General to declare what Ships shall be considered as
British.-It shall be lawful for the governor-general of India in council, by
proclamation, to declare that all vessels built or to be built within the limits
of the charter of the East India Company, being owned by Her Majesty's
subjects, for whom the said governor-general in council has power to legislate,
and belonging, under the regulations hereinafter provided for, to any ports
in the territories under the government of the company, shall be deemed to
be British ships for all the purposes of trade within the said limits, including
the Cape of Good Hope, and the territories and dependencies thereof; pro-
vided that upon such declaration being made, the said governor-in-council
shall make regulations, to be enforced by suitable penalties, concerning the
registering, licensing, and ascertaining the admeasurement of the tonnage
and burden, and generally for the trading within the limits aforesaid of such
vessels, which regulations shall be of equal force with any laws and regula-
tions which the said governor-general is authorised to make, but shall be
subject to disallowance and repeal, and shall in the same manner be trans-
mitted to England, and be laid before both Houses of Parliament, as in the
case of any other laws or regulations which the governor-general is now by
law empowered to make. § 3.
How Ships belonging to Native Powers may be admitted to Privileges of
British Ships.-And whereas it may be expedient to admit to similar pri-


PART XI.] ASIA.—EAST INDIE's. - 435
vileges and advantages any vessels belonging to native princes or states in
subordinate alliance with or having subsidiary treaties with the East India
Company, or owned by subjects of any such princes or states, it is there-
fore enacted that the governor-general of India in council may by such re-
gulations admit to the privileges and advantages of British ships, for the
purposes of trade, within the limits of the charter of the company, including
the territories of the Cape of Good Hope and the territories and dependen-
cies thereof, or to any of such privileges and advantages any vessels belong-
ing to such princes or states, or owned by subjects of any such princes or
states; but any such regulations shall provide for the granting to such ves-
sels fit and convenient licenses or passes, and generally for the trading within
the limits aforesaid of such vessels. § 4.
Former Acts of Governors of Presidencies.—And whereas vessels ex-
ceeding the burden of three hundred and fifty tons, built in ports within the
limits of the East India Company's charter, since 1st of January, 1816, and
owned by British subjects, and vessels built in ports within the limits afore-
said, owned by native princes or states in subordinate alliance with, or having
subsidiary treaties with the East India Company, or by the subjects of such
princes or states, may have heretofore engaged and may be now engaged in
trade within such limits under some licence, authority, or sanction of the
respective governments of the several presidencies in India: and it is expe-
dient that full legal validity and effect should be given to all acts of the said
government respectively in reference to any trading; it is therefore enacted,
that all acts and documents whatever, done or issued by any of the said go-
vernments in reference to the trading of the two classes of vessels last here-
inbefore mentioned, shall be deemed to have had for all purposes full legal
validity and effect from the respective times when such acts and documents
may have been done or issued, and shall for all purposes continue to have
such validity and effect until the governor-general of India in council shall
make other provisions in respect of the trading of such classes of vessels
under the authority of this Act. § 5.
Detention of Register.—And whereas doubts have been entertained whe-
ther the provisions of 3 & 4 Will. 4, c. 55, in cases of the wilful deten-
tion and refusal to deliver up the certificate of the registry of any vessel to
the proper officer or other persons authorised in that behalf, extend to the
territories under the government of the East India Company; and it is expe-
dient that such doubts should be removed; it is therefore enacted, that the
said several provisions in the said Act touching the wilful detention of such
certificate of registry, or the absconding of any person in possession of the
same, shall extend to the territories under the government of the East India
Company. § 6.
Power of Governor. General, &c., as to Registry.—Wherever by the said
Act it is directed that anything shall be done by the governor, lieutenant-
governor, or commander-in-chief of any place where any vessel may be re-
gistered under the authority of the same Act, the same shall be done in the
territories under the government of the East India Company by the governor-
general of India in council, or the governor of the Presidency of Fort Wil-
liam in Bengal, or the respective governors in council, or governors of the
Presidencies of Fort Saint George and Bombay, or the governor of Prince
of Wales Island, Singapore, and Malacca, or the respective resident coun-
cillors at Singapore and Malacca, according to circumstances, and as the
case may be. § 7.
Staying Proceedings.-Governor-general, governor, or commander-in-
chief, may cause proceedings in suits, &c. to be stayed. § 8.


436 ASIA.—EAst INDIE's, [1845.
TRADE IN FOREIGN SHIPS.
East India-Housc, Jan. 11, 1844.
Sir, –In reply to your mote of the 9th instant, inquiring if Neapolitan merchant
vessels under the Neapolitan flag can take cargoes in the port of Singapore for
the kingdom of the two Sicilies, I am commanded by the Court of Directors of
the East India Company to transmit to you a copy of “a regulation relating to
the trade of foreign ships with India,” which was promulgated by the Governmen
of India on the 2d of December, 1839. -
I am, Sir, your most obedient humble servant,
JAMEs MELVILL.
Mr. W. Dobson, Secretary at Lloyd's.
Extract from the Calcutta Gazette, Dec. 11, 1839.
Legislative Department, Dec. 8, 1839.
The following regulation, made and passed by the Hon. Court of Directors of
the East India Company, under the authority given to them by the act of the 37th
George III., cap. 117, is published for general information by order of the Hon.
the President of the Council of India in Council:—
A REGULATIox Rei. ATING to THE TRADE of Foreign SHIPs witH INDIA.
Whereas a regulation was made and passed by the Court of Directors of the
East India Company, and transmitted to India by a despatch dated the 28th day
of July, 1837, and promulgated by the Supreme Government on the 29th day of
December, 1837, for rescinding and re-enacting, with modifications, certain pro-
visions contained in a regulation made and passed by the said Court of Directors
on the 12th of August, 1829, for regulating the trade of foreign nations with the
ports and settlements of the British nation in the East Indies; and whereas doubts
have arisen as to the true intent and meaning of certain parts of such regulations,
and it is expedient that such doubts should be removed, the Court of Directors of
the said Company, by virtue of the powers granted to them by the act passed in
the 37th year of the reign of his late Majesty King George III., entituled ‘An act
for regulating the trade to be carried on with the British possessions in India by
the ships of nations in amity with his Majesty,’ have rescinded the whole of the
said regulations, and in lieu thereof have framed the following regulations:—
Foreign ships belonging to any state or country in Europe, or in America, so
long as such states or countries respectively remain in amity with Her Majesty,
may freely enter the British sea-ports and harbours in the East Indies, whether
they come directly from their own country, or from any other places, and shall
be there hospitably received, and shall have liberty to trade there in imports and
exports, conformably to the regulations established, or to be established, in such
sea-ports; provided that it shall not be lawful for the said ships to receive goods
on board at one British port of India, to be conveyed to another British port of
India, on freight or otherwise, but nevertheless the inward cargoes of such ships
may be discharged at different British ports, and the outward cargoes of such ships
may be laden at different British ports for their foreign destinations; and provided
further, that it shall not be lawful for the said ships in time of war between the
British Government and any state or power whatsoever, to export from the said
British territories, without the special permission of the British Government, any
military or naval stores, saltpetre, or grain.
J. P. GRANT, Officiating
Secretary of the Government of India.
POST OFFICE.
As to Postage of Letters, see PART VII., see also ADDENDA.
SUGAR.
Owing to the very favourable results of one or two factories established by
Europeans in Tirhoot, the manufacture of sugar in that district has been very con-
siderably increased, the greater number of indigo factories carrying it on to a


PART XI.] ASIA.—EAST INDIE's. 437
greater or less extent, and we therefore look forward to receiving next year a larger
supply of sugar, of very superior quality, from that part.—Calcutta Englishman,
Aug. 12, 1844.
COWRIE SHELLS.
In some parts of the East Indies these small shells pass current for money, and
a very important trade is carried on in this material by the native merchants of
Balasore, in the province of Orissa. The latter export from the above town large
quantities of a cloth called “sannathee,” the manufacture of that district, to the
Maldive Islands, and receive back in return cargoes of these shells. The inferior
classes of labourers are paid by the Government, for the most part, in cowries,
particularly the coolies employed in working the embankments of the rivers against
the innovations of the floods, occasioned by the rainy monsoons, as also such as
are engaged in repairing the roads and highways. The Church-bungalow of Cut-
tack and its appurtenances, which was erected by the late Major Carr, when that
officer commanded the above station, and which cost 4,000 sicca rupees (£400,)
was paid for wholly in these shells. Now, when it is considered that 140 cowries
are deemed as equivalent to 1 pice, and 64 pice to 1 rupee, it will appear that no
less than 35,840,000 of these small shells were employed to defray the expenses
attendant upon the erection of the Church-bungalow at Cuttack. —Cor.
CALCUTTA.
ANALysis of the Export and Import Trade of Calcutta, compiled from the Annual
Statements published by Mr. Wilkinson.*
The gross amounts, of imports and exports, according to this return exceed that
of any previous year, the value of the former having been 6,47,66,000 rupees; and
the latter 10, 11,71,270 rupees. The increase of exports of 1843-4 compared with
1842-3 amounts to nearly 2,50,00,000 rupees. This augmentation, it appears,
chiefly arises from the increased export of the two articles of indigo and raw silk,
and the advanced price of opium. The indigo returns, as constituting part of this
increase, show an improvement to the extent of 1,54,39,000 rupees: the opium
returns to the extent of 61,06,000 rupees; and the raw silk returns to the extent
of 34,59,000 rupees.
Years. Rupees. -
1841-42 were 8,39,40,000
1842-43 –– 7,65,21,000
1843-44 — 10, 11,71,000
Of the imports, amounting to 6,47,66,000 rupees, it is stated that it must be
remarked that 1,90,85,000 rupees consisted of treasure, and formed the largest
importation of any year on record. As it is of some interest to watch the progress
of imports, both merchandise and treasure, the following table gives at one glance
the substance of the returns for the same period as those of exports;–
Years. Merchandise. Treasure. Total.
1841-42 4,43,69,000 99,27,000 5,42,96,000
1842-43 4,06,80,000 1,65,28,000 5,71,45,000
1843-44 4,56,80,000 1,90,85,000 6,47,66,000
These figures, as observed, at once establish the fact of a steady and gratifying
increase in this department, they having been during the period nearly doubled.—
Friend of India.
* The Editor of “Pope's Journal of Trade”, begs to express his best acknowledgments for
Mr. Wilkinson's polite attention in forwarding from time to time Calcutta Prices Current, and
other valuable information for the use of the Journal.


4.38 ASIA.—EAST INDIE's. [1845.
INDIGO.
Calcutta, Sep. 18, 1844.
Exports from the 1st of November, 1843, to the 14th of September, 1844.
Chests. Facty. Mds.
To Great Britain - - . 31,120 1,18,232
France - - - 10,006 34,701
North America - - - 1,199 4,038
Foreign, Europe - - 90 306
Red Sea, Bombay, Gulphs, &e . 2,801 9,305
Total - 45,216 1,66,582
Cor.
MADRAS.
NEW LIGHT HOUSE.
East India House, London, Dec. 13, 1843.
Notice is hereby given, that on and after the 1st day of January, 1844, a light
will be exhibited on the new lighthouse erected at Madras, immediately to the
northward of the walls of Fort St. George, and that on and after the said 1st day
of January, 1844, the light heretofore and now exhibited on the old lighthouse
within the walls of Fort St. George will be discontinued.
The new light will be elevated 128 feet above the mean level of the sea, and may
be seen from the deck of a ship at the distance of 20 miles. The light is of the
“flashing description,” and the duration of the flashes to that of the eclipses or
dark periods is the ratio of 2 to 3 ; but as the nature of the motion is reciproca-
ting instead of rotatory, the above ratio merely expresses the average proportion of
the light and dark intervals, which are themselves variable according to the position
of the spectator. The rapidity of movement is so adjusted that the duration of the
flashes will vary from 0" to 48", and that of the eclipses from 0" to 72", the sums
of the duration of light and darkness bearing, however, in every position the con-
stant ratio of 2 to 3.
From the south-eastern extremity of the Pulicat Shoal the new lighthouse bears
S. 23 W., and is distant 13 miles; but no ship or vessel when hauling in from
the northward for the Madras Roadstcad should bring the light to bear to the
southward of S. 28 W., or S.S.W. & W., unless her position is well ascertained.
Commanders of vessels are hereby warned of the serious risk they incur by incau-
tiously approaching the dangerous vicinity of the Pulicat Shoal, as hazy weather or
other causes may obscure the light; true soundings, therefore, and a vigilant look-
out, are imperatively called for.
The limits of the Madras Roadstead (in 8 or 9 fathoms) are comprised within
the following bearings, viz., from the northward the lighthouse will bear S. 56 W.,
aud from the southward N. 81 W., or from S.W. by W. to W. # N.
The new lighthouse
At Madras is in Latitude 13° 5' 10' North.
And in . . Longitude 80° 20' East of Greenwich.
JAMEs C. MELv1.1L, Secretary.
MYSORE.
By T. L., June 13, 1844, Mysore produce is legally admissible as produce of
Madras.
GEOILOGY.
ROYAL ASIATIC SOCIETY-November, 16, 1844.
Sir A. Johnston in the Chair—The paper read, was “On the publication of Statistical Reports,
&c., by Major-General W. Cullen, stationed at Cochin.”


PART XI.] ASIA.—EAST INDIEs. 439
The General alluded to the extensive deposits of gold-dust, or its matrix, which occupies so
large a portion of the Calecut collectorat, of which we have no good scientific account; nor have
we any of the former extensive workings of lead at Jugumrazpilly, which have been for forty years
in our possession. He observed that the whole line of Ghats, from Trippetty to the Kistnah, was
full of geological interest; that they not only contained copper, lead, and diamonds, but
abounded in valuable sandstone, limestone, and roofing slate.
ADEN.
By T. L., Dec. 3, 1842, Aden declared to be, for the purposes of commerce, a port of the
Presidency of Bombay.
MONEYS.
Gold.—By order of the Governor-General, dated May 12, 1820, there is—A
five-rupee piece of one-third gold rupee of pure gold.
Silver.—By an Act, No. 17, in 1835, the under-mentioned silver coins only
shall be coined at the mints within the territories of the East India Company; viz.,
a rupee to be denominated the Company's rupee, half-rupee, quarter-rupee, and
double-rupee.
Copper.—12 Pice = 1 Anna.
WEIGHTS AND MEASURES.
10 Pagodas = 1 Pollam.
40 Pollams = 1 Vis.
8 Wis . = 1 Maund, or 25 lb. avoird.
20 Maunds = 1 Candy, or 500 lb. avoird,
DRY MEASURE.
8 Ollucks . . = 1 Puddy.
8 Puddies . . = 1 Marcal.
40 Marcals . . = 1 Caree, weight 9,256 lb.,
ASSAM.
CULTIVATION OF TEA.
A report, just published by the Agricultural Society of Calcutta, wiil put an end
to the expectations of those who thought that India might rival China in the tea
trade. It appears, on the evidence of the most experienced cultivator in Assam,
that tea cannot be grown at less than one shilling a pound on the average of years,
and this without reckoning any of the expenses of bringing to market. It can,
therefore, never compete with the produce of China, not even in this country.—
Calcutta Englishman, Oct. 1844.
JAPANESE ISLANDS.
Principal Ports.--Niphon (Island), Nangasaki, Ximo, Xicoso (Islands).
SUMATRA.
Principal Ports-Bencoolen, Padang, Palembang, Pedir, Tappancely.
JAVA.
Principal Ports.-Batavia, Cheribon, Samarang, Sourabaya.
TRADE with NEw SouTH WALEs.
The undersigned, by order of his Excellency the Governor, hereby gives notice


440 ASIA.—EAsT INDIes. [1845.
that an official declaration of the Governor of New South Wales (New Holland):
has been received, to the effect that, by a decision of the British Government in.
Europe, the trade hitherto carried on between New South Wales and the Dutch
possessions in the East Indies can no longer be permitted between the subjects of
the British and Dutch Governments in the Eastern Archipelago, as the terms of
the treaty of 17th of March, 1824, are considered as not applicable to New Hol-
land; and that, accordingly, no Dutch ship shall enter one of the harbours of New
South Wales and its dependencies which shall sail from one of the ports of the
Dutch East India possessions after the publication of this measure, or which may
arrive in New South Wales after the 1st of January, 1839, without regard to the
date of their sailing from one of the ports of the Dutch East India possessions.
The Secretary-General, CoRNETs DE GRoot.
OTHER ISLANDS OF THE INDIAN SEAS.
IxcLUSIVE OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS.
Principal Ports.-Amboyna (Island), Banda, Banka, Batchian, Billeton, .
Bintand, Borneo, Bouro (Islands of), Celebes (Island), Gilolo (Island),
Motir, Mysol, Matchian (Islands of), New Guinea (Island), Pelew Islands,
Ternate, Tidore, Timor (Islands).
AUSTRALIA.
GEOGRAPHICAL SKETCH.
New Holland or Australia, which likewise includes the penal island of Van
Diemen's Land : the former geographically presents 3,025,000 square miles, or
1,846,000,000 square acres; and the latter 24,000 square miles, or 15,360,000
square acres, available to the purposes of colonization. The entire population of
this division of the globe, in extent nearly equal to Europe, is only 226,000, one-
tenth of that of Scotland, or the 1,017th of that of Europe.—Colin T. Campbell,
in Simmond's Col. Mag., June, 1844.
EXPORT OF BARK AND SARSAPARILLA.
It appears that some of the settlers in Port Philip are preparing a strong de-
coction of bark, a considerable quantity of which will be shipped for the home
market this season The cost of preparing the decoction is very trifling; and as a
great saving will be effected in carriage and freight, it is likely to prove a far more
lucrative undertaking than shipping the article in its raw state. No doubt, says
the “Melbourne Times,” the first few shipments will be looked upon with an eye
of suspicion by the consumers at home ; but when it has stood the test, and
proved to be a genuine extract, all obstacles to its profitable introduction into the
home market will be removed. The value which this article bears in England, we
believe to be from 40l. to 421. per ton of 252 gallons. The Sarsaparilla shrub has
recently been discovered in the Portland Bay district ; and the experiments which
have been made go to prove that it is of the very finest quality. The extract is
said to resemble Spanish liquorice in taste and appearance, and can be obtained
from the root in the proportion of two ounces to sixteen. A medical gentleman
in Melbourne has used it with much benefit in his prescriptions. Samples of this
valuable product have been shipped to London both in extract and root.—Adelaide
Observer, Dec. 16, 1843.
DISCOVERY OF A COPPER MINE.
A specimen of copper ore discovered within a few miles of Melbourne has been
brought to town, and has been declared by a person of many years' experience in


442 ASIA.—NEw SouTH WAEEs. . [1845.
IMPORTS.
Return of the value of Imports (including the district of Port Philip) for the
years 1841, 1842, and 1843:-
From 1841. 1842. 1843.
Great Britain .. - - - - £1,837,369 £854,774 £1,034,942
New Zealand .. - - - - 45,659 37,246 15,738
Other British Colonies - - 286,637 260,955 211,291
South Sea Islands - - - - 24,361 10,020 22,387
Fisheries -- - - - - 87,809 64,999 42,579
United States - - - - 35,282 20,117 12,041
Foreign States - - - - 200,871 206,948 211,566
Total - - 2,527,988 1,455,059 1,550,544
EXPORTS.
Return of the value of Exports (including the district of Port Philip) for the
years 1841, 1842, and 1843:-
To 184]. 1842. 1843.
Great Britain - - - - .6706,336 £685,705 £825,885
New Zealand - - - - 114,980 131,784 79,764
Other British Colonies - - 123,968 166,239 205,992
South Sea Islands - - - - 13,144 3,005 17,934
Fisheries - - - - - - 18,417 22,862 18,827
United States - - - - 4,837 17,101 - -
Foreign States .. - - - - 41,715 40,715 23,918
Total - - 1,023,397 1,067,411 1,172,320
Return of the quantity and value of Timber exported, for the years 1840, 1841,
1842, and 1843 —
Cedar. Blue Gum, Pine, &c. Treenails. Walue.
Quantity. No. £
1840. . - - 1,250,786 ſ: 151,500 4,350 20,971
1841. . - - 513,139 J = # 1,000 26,890 7,004
1842.. - - 522,882 : $2 27,404 55,644 5,800
44,121 U : 10,020 * -
1843. . . . 30 logs 155,294 9,813
DUTCH POSSESSIONS.
As to Trade with Dutch possessions, see p. 39.
WAREHOUSING.
Melbourne, in the district of Port Philip, declared a Free Port, and also a Free
Warehousing Port. O. C., March 4, 1840.
See also FREE WAREHousing Ports, PART XIII.
NEW HOLLAND.
As to IMPoRTs IN For EIGN VEssels, see p. 39.
WAN DIEMAN'S LAND.
Principal Ports.-Hobart Town, Port Dalrymple.
As to IMports IN For EIGN VEssels, see p. 39.


PART XI.] ASIA.—NEw ZEALAND. 443
HOBART AND LAUNCESTON.
By C. O. 20, 1835, declared free warehousing ports. See List, in PART XIII.
WEIGHTS AND MEASURES.
Under the Act of Legislative Council, Nov. 3, the 4th Will. IV., the Imperial
weights and measures have been introduced throughout the Colony from the 1st of
April, 1834.—Porter's Tables.
NEW ZEALAND.
GEOGRAPHICAL SKETCH, WITH SAILING DIRECTIONS,
TOUCHING THE COMPANY'S SETTLEMENTS.
[Written expressly for Pope's Journal of Trade.]
Wellington, founded in 1839, by the Company’s principal agent, Colonel
Wakefield, is situate at the South East end of the North island, and South East
extremity of Cook's Strait, commanding the advantages of a fine and capacious
harbour (Port Nicholson), accessible at all times to ships of the largest burden,
though not at present the seat of Government, it may be justly considered the
principal town in New Zealand, not only from the natural advantages arising
from its position, but also from the activity, enterprise, and extent of its popu-
lation.
The Exchange is in lat. 41° 18' S., long. 174° 50' E., and in the centre of
the town.
Strangers coming from the Westward for Cook's Strait will find the following
directions useful : —
As W. and S.W. winds prevail along the W. coast of the middle island, endea-
vour to make the land a little S. of Cape Farewell—say in lat. 41° S., steering
N.E. when the Cape (which is easily distinguished, if by day, from the long sandy
beach to the E. of it) bears by compass due S., and distant 15 miles, steer E. H. S.
84 miles. This course will clear the sand spit of Massacre Bay, and carry past
Stephens's Island about four miles—the tide in this run will have but little effect,
as one will balance the other, and the chances are, the distance run per log will
bring Kapiti, distant 15 miles, right ahead; from here Cape Terawitti bears S. # W.
distant 37 miles, which course will clear the Brothers, and a rock lying 3% miles
N.N.W. from them, only seen at low water spring-tides—in rounding Terawitti,
give the Karori Rock, and those of Sinclair Head, a berth of about # of a mile,
as some sunken rocks extend a mile beyond them—it is necessary to keep the
land on board in strong winds, as it is difficult to beat up again if blown off; if
attention is paid, you will most likely head up for Barrett's Reef, the Pinnacle
Rock can be passed about ship's width, but pilots are always on the look out, if
the proper flag is hoisted, vessels can beat in at any time. Tide flows on full and
change at Wellington until twenty-five minutes after 4 o’Clock, and springs rise
six feet. On the western side of the Strait the tide flows on full and change until
8 o’Clock, flood running North, and ebb South, and rises in springs about fifteen
feet.
Amount of population (British) from returns made up to 31st August, 1843.
Male Adults - - . . 1243
Female ,, - - - - 910
Male Children - - - 847
Female ,, - - - 797
Total - - 3797
Cattle (heads of) - - - 6567
Land in Cultivation - - 580 acres.


444 ASIA.—New ZEALAND. [1845.
Amount of tonnage entered direct from England since 1839, 39,564 tons.
Exports —Flax, Oil, and Whalebone, Wool, Wood (for furniture) Hog's
Lard.
PETRE, a town situated about four miles inland, on the banks of the Wanganni
river, which empties itself (on the Northern side) into Cook's Strait. This town
will no doubt, in a few years, rise into importance as a depôt for the produce of
the country, on either side of the river, for 70 miles up. Wessels not drawing
more than ten feet, can enter the Wanganni at high water, when there is a depth
of about fourteen feet over the bar.
Population (British) - - 550
Land in Cultivation (acres) - 80
Value of Cattle about - . 62,500
New PLYMouth, founded also in 1839, by a body of settlers from the West
of England and elsewhere, under the auspices of the then New Plymouth Land
Company, since merged in that of the London Company, is situated on the west side
of the north island, in the healthy and fertile district of Taranaki, celebrated as the
“Garden of New Zealand.” Though not possessing the advantages of a harbour,
its roadstead affords anchorage, equally as good, if not superior to that of Madras;
considerable traffic is now springing up between Sydney and this settlement, and
in a few years it will become a town of no small importance in the export of grain,
flax, and wool. The anchorage of the town is in lat. 38° 58' S. and long.
174° 10' E., in from 10 to 14 fathoms water, and is sheltered from the prevailing
winds which are S.W., by three islands (Sugar Loaves) lying about W.S.W.
from it, distance 2 miles, and about 13 to 2 miles from the shore. Moorings
have been likewise laid down by the New Zealand Company, in lat. 39° 2 S.,
long. 174° 15' E., where vessels may slip without difficulty in cases of the wind
hauling to the N.W., which are not frequent. With regard to making the
anchorage, any directions would be superfluous, as Mount Egmont can be seen
from sea 120 miles in clear weather, and the Sugar Loaves a considerable distance,
both which could direct the most inexperienced navigator.
Population (British):—
Male Adults - - . 393-
Female - - - 264
Male Children - - . 224
Female - - - 210
Total 1091
Cattle (heads of) - - . 1463
Land in Cultivation - - 250 acres.
Tonnage of Vessels direct from England 5638
Exports: Oil and Whalebone
NELsoN, a town and harbour founded in 1841, by the late lamented Captain
Arthur Wakefield, is situated at the northern end of the Middle Island,in Tasman's
Gulf, and at the western entrance of Cook's Strait. The Arrow Rock at the
entrance of the harbour is in lat. 41° 15' S., long. 173° 16' E. Strangers bound
there from the westward might observe the direction for the Straits until they bring
Separation Point to bear due south, then steer S.S.E. A. E., 44 miles. This
course will carry clear of Entry Bank, bring you to four miles from Pepin Island,
from thence steer for the Roads; if by day, keeping about a mile off the shingle
bank forming, the harbour. Pilots are always on the look out ; there is good
anchorage in the Bolton Roads in about seven fathoms. The harbour can easily
be seen by day from Pepin Island, and by night, vessels may lie off and on till
day-break; the soundings are regular.
From returns (recently received) up to the end of October, 1843, the population
(British) was—


PART XI.] ASIA.—NEw ZEALAND. 445
Male Adults - - . 974
Female do. - - - 779
Male Children - - . 614
Female do. - - - 575
Total 2942
Cattle (heads of) - - . 3006
Land in cultivation 673 acres.
Tonnage of Wessels direct from England 14,248
Exports: Coal, Limestone, Flax, and Wool.
PROCLAMATION.
In the name of Her Majesty Victoria, Queen of the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, by Willlam Hobson, Esq., a Captain in the Royal Navy,
Lieutenant-Governor of New Zealand.
Whereas, by a treaty bearing date the 5th day of February, in the year of our
Lord 1840, made and executed by me, William Hobson, a Captain in the Royal
Navy, Consul, and Lieutenant-Governor in New Zealand, vested for the purpose
with full powers by Her Britannic Majesty, of the one part, and the chiefs of the
confederation of the united tribes of New Zealand, and the separate and independent
chiefs of New Zealand, not members of the confederation, of the other; and further
ratified and confirmed by the adherence of the principal chiefs of this island of New
Zealand, commonly called the Northern Island, all rights and powers of sovereignty
over the said Northern Island were ceded to Her Majesty the Queen of Great
Britain and Ireland, absolutely and without reservation.
Now, therefore, I, William Hobson, Lieutenant-Governor of New Zealand, in
the name and on the behalf of Her Majesty, do hereby proclaim and declare to all
men, that, from and after the date of the above-mentioned treaty, the full sove-
reignty of the Northern Island of New Zealand vests in Her Majesty Queen
Victoria, her heirs and successors, for ever.
Given under my hand, at Government-House, Russell, Bay of Islands, this 21st
day of May, in the year of our Lord 1840.
WILLIAM Hobson, Lieutenant-Governor.
By His Excellency’s command,
WILLough BY SHORTLAND, Colonial Secretary.
PROCLAMATION.
In the name of Her Majesty Victoria, Queen of the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, by William Hobson, Esq., a Captain in the Royal Navy,
Lieutenant-Governor of New Zealand.
Whereas I have it in command from Her Majesty Queen Victoria through
Her Principal Secretary of State for the Colonies, to assert the sovereign rights
of Her Majesty over the Southern Islands of New Zealand, commonly called
the “Middle Island” and “Stewart's Island,” and also the island commonly
called “The Northern Island,” the same having been ceded in sovereignty to Her
Majesty; .
º therefore I, William Hobson, Lieutenant-Governor of New Zealand, do
hereby declare and proclaim to all men, that from and after the date of these
presents, the full sovereignty of the Islands of New Zealand, extending from
34° 30′ north, to 47° 10' south latitude, and between 166° 5' to 179° of east
longitude, vests in Her Majesty Queen Victoria, her heirs and successors,
for ever.
Given under my hand, at Government-House, Russell, Bay of Islands, this
21st day of May, in the year of our Lord, 1840.
WILLIAM Hobson, Lieutenant-Governor,
By His Excellency's command,
Willough by Shortland, Colonial Secretary.


446 ASIA.—NEw ZEALAND. [1845.
PRITISH POSSESSION.
By T. L., Dec. 29, 1841, it is stated, in reference to the notification in the
Gazette, of 24th Nov. 1840, that Her Majesty had, “by Letters Patent under
the great seal of the United Kingdom, been pleased to erect the Islands of New
Zealand into a distinct and separate colony ;” that my Lords are pleased to
authorise and direct that the said islands shall be considered and treated, so far as
regards the Customs, in all respects as a British possession.
CERTAIN SHIPS PIRIVILEGED TO TRADE.
By O. C., Aug. 23, 1843, Her Majesty, in pursuance and exercise of the power and authority
in her vested by the “ British Possessions Act” doth declare and grant, that French ships,
and ships of or belonging to any kingdom or state within the limits of the East India Com-
pany’s Charter, shall have such and the like privileges of trading with the colony of New
Zealand as such ships are respectively entitled to under anthority of the order with reference
to the colonies, settlements, and islands named and described on the said Order.
FREE PORTS.
Ports Wellington, Auckland, and Russell constituted Free Ports.-O. C.,
Aug. 27, 1842.


PART THE TWELFTH.
A FR I C A.
-
B R IT IS H PO S S E S S I O N S.
PROGRESS OF DISCOVERY.
Early in the year 1841, Dr. Beke traced the route from Tajura, at the mouth
of the Red Sea, to Ankobar and Angolalla, the capitals of the eastern and western
Christian Kingdom of Shoa. He ascertained that Messrs. Combes and Tamisier
had been at Shoa, and were consequently the first European visitors since the
time of the Portuguese Jesuits. Monsieur Dufey came next, but he died at Jidda;
then the missionaries Krapf and Isemberg; then Rochert d’Hericourt, and finally
himself, being the first Englishman. Three other travellers had perished in the
country, Mr. Airton, and Messrs. Fain and Kielmaer. Dr. Beke ascertained that
Ankobar was 8,200 feet above the level of the sea, and Angolalla 8,400. From
Shoa, Dr. Beke travelled to Kok Fara, in the province of Gedem, never before
visited by any European. On this excursion he determined the Waterished, in
10° 11 N. in a swampy moor, between the Abai, or Blue Nile, and the Hawash,
a river flowing to the eastward, to the Mahommedan kingdom of Aussa, where it
loses itself in a lake, supposed to be 150 miles in circumference. Dr. Beke
describes the countries he traversed as varying in character from the most absolute
sterility to the most luxuriant vegetation. He speaks of large plantations of
capsicums and of excellent cotton, of rich corn fields and fertile meadows, the
whole studded with trees, and divided by hedge-rows of jasmine, roses, and honey
suckle.—Lit. Gaz. Feb. 7, 1844.
Since the additional information obtained by Beke and Harris concerning the
great river of eastern Africa called the Go-jub, Lieut. Christopher has dis-
covered a river to which he has given the name of Haines, after the resident at
Aden, and which appears with the Jub to be one of the mouths of the Go-jub.
The Haines river presents the peculiarity of only approaching the sea within ten
miles, but is supposed to reach it by infiltration. It was traced for a distance of
130 miles, and found to increase in width and depth. The natives asserted that it
continued to do so for 400 miles further. It varied from 200 to 300 feet in breadth,
and from 13 to 60 in depth; so that it was well adapted for stream navigation.
The stream was clear, winding, and the banks richly cultivated. The natives were
also civil and obliging. Capt. Haines has ordered further explorations of this re-
markable river. The establishment of a British vice-consulate at Murzuk is expected
to forward the interests of geography in a marked degree. Nearly all Africa will
soon be open from that quarter; and not only is a most extensive trade said to be
available from the same station, but intercourse and commerce are judiciously looked
to as promising to better the condition of the natives, and extend the blessings of
civilisation.—Lit. Gaz. March 16, 1844.
sº
As to the Importation into the United Kingdom of Goods the produce of
Africa, and as to Importation into British Possessions in Asia and Africa,
see p. 1 and 39.


PART XII.] AFRICA–Maozina. 449
WEIGHTS AND MEASURES.
The Cantar of 100 Rottoli, each of 144 Meticals, or 216 Drachms, is reckoned
equal to 100 lb. Avoirdupois.
The Cantar is also estimated as being 36 Okes, and 40 Okes are reckoned equal
to 112 lb. Avoirdupois.
N.B. This is the only Cantar now allowed to be used.
The Ardeb of 24 Cairo Rubbie, has been appointed as the sole measure for
Grain, and it is estimated that 100 Ardebs are equal to 61 Imperial Quarters, or
that 164 Ardebs are equal to 100 Imperial Quarters.
The Long Measure is the Turkish Pike, commonly reckoned to be 27 English
Hnches.
Tate’s Modern Caonbisł.
MADEIRA.
PASSPORTS AND CLEARANCES.
By C. O., July 27, 1832, it is stated that the Island of Maderia is in Africa, and that under the
Navigation Act [p. 1.] goods the produce of that Island, imported from ports in Europe into
the United Kingdom, are inadmissible to entry for home use.
WEIGHTS AND MEASURES.
The wine measure Almude, is here 1-12th larger than the Lisbon Almude, and
23; Almudes are equal to a pipe of 96 imperial gallons.—Jºd.
ISLAND OF ASCENSION.
By T. L., April 28, 1843, my Lords state that they are not aware of any reason why the
Island of Ascension should not be treated as a British possession, for all purposes of trade and
revenue.
TRIPOLI, BARBARY, AND MOROCCO.
Principal Ports.--Algiers, Fez, Medea, Mogador, Salle, Susa, Tripoli,
Tunis, Tangier.
A L G. I. E. R. S.
STATE OF TRADE, DUTIES, &c.
Algiers, July 17, 1844.
The commercial system lately adopted here has, in a great measure, shut out
British commerce from this port. Formerly several British vessels came here;
but, no more now, except with coals, are expected. The port dues on all foreign
vessels are four francs per ton: French vessels pay scarcely anything; Sardinian
vessels are, however, favoured by treaty, and pay only two francs per ton; Eng-
lish cotton manufactures, which paid last year but 15 per cent., now pay more
than 30, which amounts to exclusion.
Oran is infinitely more of a Barbary town than Algiers. The number of Arabs
which frequent this place is very great; but few of them reside within the wells.
The population consists of about 6,000 Europeans, principally Spaniards, and
twice this number of natives, comprising Jews, Moors, and Arabs. Oran has the
best port in all Algeria, and the fleet of the Prince is very snug, protected from
nearly all weathers.-Cor.
CULTURE.
ACADEMY OF SCIENCES-PAIt is, October 28, 1844.
A report was read on a communication received in July last, from M. Hardy,
the director of the Central Nursery at Algiers, respecting the culture there of the
2 G :


450 AFRICA.—ALGIERs. [1845.
somniferous poppy, and various other productions of warm latitudes. It appears.
from the statement of M. Hardy that he obtained from a hectare (about two
English acres and a half) of land, sown with the poppy seed, 23 kilogrammes and
268 grammes of opium, which he estimates at 30f. per kilogramme; 11 hectolitres
of seed, estimated at 30f. per hectolitre, and 690 stalks, valued together at 69f.,
making a total of 1,097f, and yielding a profit of 167f. M. Hardy does not seem
to think this profit a remunerating one, and it certainly is not, if we take into con-
sideration the chance of failure of crops, and the commission and other expenses
attending the sale of the produce. The only motive, therefore, for the growth of
opium in Algeria, supposing, of course, that the favourable report lately made to
the Academy of the quality of the article was correct, would be the certainty of
having pure a drug of the highest importance in medicine, and which frequently
comes to us from Turkey in a very adulterated state. M. Hardy informs us, that
not en'ſ do the productiºns of warm latitudes thrive in Algeria, but also those of
almost every climate; but he me::tiºns particularly the mulberry, the olive-tree,
tobacco, sugar, indigo, cºffee, sesame, and all the fruits of Europe. The sesame,
great quantities of which have of late years been imported into Marseilles from
Egypt, for the manufacture of oil, to the great injury of the colza growers in the
north of France, seems to give a much better return in Algeria than the poppy. A
hectare of land gave 1,475 kilogrammes of seed, which, estimated at 50f. for the
kilogrammes, amounts to 737ſ., whilst the cost of production is estimated at
only 259f., leaving a profit of 478f. The oil obtained from this seed is very inferior
to good olive oil, but it is superior to that oil for the manufacture of soap.
MOROCCO.
FRANCE.
A Treaty of Peace between Frture and Moroccº was signed on 10th Sept., 1844.
PRESENT STATE OF TRADE.
Oran, October 1, 1844.
Two-thirds of the commerce of Mogador is with England, the rest with all the
other nations.
The port of Mogador has usually some half-dozen vessels in it; from 20 to 30
have been seen there; they usually iie sixty days discharging and taking in cargo ;
each vessel pays 44 dollars port dues, which must fall very unequally upon large or
small vessels, and very seldom a vessel less than 100 tons is seen at Mogador. The
grand staple exports of Mogador are gum and almonds; upon the sale of these the
commercial activity of the city entirely depends.
The same system of commerce is applicable more or less to all other ports, but
still Mogador is the favoured port, and the imperial commercial city of the
emblre.
º merchants who trade in Morocco make, some annual and others triennial,
presents to the Emperor, as well as innumerable presents to the governors of the
provinces. This indemnifies the Emperor for his lending money and giving credit
without interest. Perhaps the presents of the Emperor laid before the Sheriffran
feet a few months ago at Morocco by 15 merchants amounted to 50,000 dollars,
consisting of articles of European manufacture and luxury of every description.
This is repeated every three or four years.
The Emperor has established many monopolies, some of which he has reserved
for himself, as those of tobacco, sulphur, and cochineal. The monopolies are
bought at public auction, at so much per annum.
The following are the monopolies which the Emperor sells, either to his own
employés or to native or foreign merchants:—
1. LEECHES.—This is one of the newest made monopolies, and avery profitable
one, amounting to about 50,000 dollars. It was commenced by Mr. Trennery,
an old and very respectable merchant of Morocco. The leeches are found princi-
pally in the lakes of the north-western district, called the Gharb. The discovery of
–


PART XII.] AFRICA.—Morocco. 451
this trade only dates back 15 years. The leeches are shipped to Gibraltar, and
thence forwarded by steam to England; and by sailing vessels to South America,
and many other parts.
2. WAx.—The monopoly is confined principally to the markets of Tangier and
El-Araish. It is generally shipped to Gibraltar, and thence finds its way to
France, England, Italy, and elsewhere. It was sold this year for 3,000 dollars.
3. BARK.—This is a monopoly of the north, and principally the province of Rif.
It is farmed out for about 16,000 dollars.
4. THE Cois ING of CoPPER MoSEY, cALLED FLUs E.-The right of coining
money in the name of the Emperor is sold for 1,000 dollars for each principality
of the empire. It is a right dangerous to be exercised, for if the money be not of
an alloy which pleases the Governor or the Emperor, the unfortunate coiner is
forthwith degraded, and his property confiscated; indeed, he sometimes pays for
his negligence or his trickery with his head.
5. MILLET or SMALL SEED.—This monopoly at Tangier is sold for 500 dollars.
The price varies in other places according to the locality of the city.
6. CATTLE.—Even the cattle exported from Tetuan, Tangier, and El-Araish
for the garrison of Gibraltar is a monopoly. It amounted this year to 7,500
dollars.
These monopolies do not interfere with the custom-house, which levies its duties
without any consideration thereof. The leeches pay an import duty of 2s. 9d. the
1,000; wax pays a duty of half its value; bark pays a very small duty, and millet
scarcely 1d. the quintal.
Independently of these monopolies, exercised by the Emperor himself, or sold
by auction to native or foreign merchants, there are exports of a merchandise of a
special character, and requiring a special permission for exportation, as grain and
beasts of burden. No male Jew or child can leave the ports of Morocco without
paying 4 dollars; a Jewess must pay 100 dollars.
Besides the payment of a special impost of exportation, wool pays a duty of 3
dollars per quintal, and two pounds of powder when dirty, and double this when
washed.
A bullock pays an export duty of 10 dollars per head, a sheep one ; bullocks'
skins, 3 dollars per quintal; sheep skins, 8 dollars the hundred ; goats skins, 3
dollars per quintal.
Of grain, wheat pays an export duty of 3 of a dollar per fanega, or about a
quintal. Barley is not exported, there being scarcely enough for home con-
sumption.
Horses are exported only in small numbers. When a horse is exported it pays
60 dollars, a mule 40, and an ass 5. Mules are usually much dearer than horses
in Morocco. Camels are very rarely exported, and have no fixed impost. The
Queen of Spain some time ago solicited for the export of four camels, and the
Emperor had the gallantry to grant the export free from duty.
There are several exports which are not monopolies. These are principally ex-
ports from the south, from Sous and Wadnoun. They are—
Ostrich FEATHERs.-These are of three qualities, and pay for the first 3 dol-
lars per pound, the second l ; dollar, and the third # of a dollar.
Ivory.—This product of the Sahara pays an export duty of 10 per cent. on
its value. Both ivory and ostrich feathers have lost much of their commercial
importance during late years. There are still feather merchants, as they are termed,
at Mogador, who are in communication with all the districts of the Desert where
the bird is found.
GUMs.—Gum arabic pays two dollars per quintal export duty, and gum
sandarach 10 per cent. on its value. But now a-days only the very best gums will
sell in the English market; the inferior qualities of all Barbary produce are shipped
to Marseilles.
ALMoWDs.—Both sweet and bitter in the shell pay 3 dollars per quintal.
RED WoollBN SASHEs.—These are exported at 5 dollars per dozen. The
Spaniards consume a great quantity.
TANNED SKINs.-Various tanned skins, and especially the red, or Morocco,
are exported at 10 per cent. of their value.
SLIPPERs.-This article pays a dollar per cent. ; slippers as well as the haik
2 G 2


452 AFRICA.—Morocco. [1845.
are exported iu great numbers to the Levant by the pilgrims. The vessels which
bring the pilgrims back to Morocco, return laden with these and other Moorish
manufactures.
BARBARY DRIED PEAs.-These are exported especially into Spain, and pay a
dollar per quintal.
FEz FLóUR.—This article, which is exported to Gibraltar, pays 1% dollar per
fanega.
I} 	es.—These pay 5 dollars per quintal.
Fowls AND Eggs.-The former pay 2 dollars per dozen, the latter 2 dollars
per 1,000.
ORANGEs AND LEMoss.-These pay 1 dollar the 1,000 on exportation.
Gold DUST is sometimes exported.—Cor.
TRIPOLI.
GEOGRAPHICAL SOCIETY, FEB. 26, 1844.
Mr. Murchison, President, in the Chair.—The Secretary read a short account
of the Regency of Tripoli, in the West, by Colonel Warrington, Her Majesty’s
Consul-General in that country. The port of Tripoli is described as tolerably
good for vessels of 800 tons, and is capable of great improvement; the soil in
the neighbourhood extremely fertile ; vegetables of all kinds are produced; dates
are the staple food, besides which, oranges, lemons, pomegranates, figs, almonds,
&c., are indigenous. Exotic fruits do not thrive here. The climate is considered
by the Consul, who has resided there more than twenty-seven years, the best in
the world, and the people live to a great age. Agriculture is in the most primi-
tive state—the ground is barely scratched by a light plough, drawn by a camel,
and the grain thrown in ; from this they reap thirty for one. The exports of Tri-
poli are—olive-oil, madder-root, satiroa, senna, skins, ostrich-feathers, bullocks,
and red pepper; from the interi gºld-dust, ivory, ostrich-feathers, choice
guns, indigo, skins of wild and domestic animals, tronna (Latron), senna, &c.
The quantity of sulphur is incxhaustille: the cultivation of the vine is increasing
rapidly, and a flourishing trade in wine might be established.
TANGIER.
Tangier, Aug. 20, 1844.
The city itself is of little importance—it is poor, and has little trade. Tangier
has no interest but from its being the residence of the European Consuls, for its
population only amounts to from 8,000 to 9,000, and its commerce is inferior to
that of some other ports, notwithstanding its proximity to the European coast.
The houses of the Consuls form the only cºmament of the town. The English
draw their supply of beef, mutton, fruits, and vegetables from Tangier and Tetuan.
Tangier is distant 70 leagues from Fez and Mequinez, and 150 from Morocco,
these being the three imperial cities at which the Sultan alternately resides. From
18 to 20 days is required to send a dispatch, and get an answer from Tangier to:
Fez, and from Morocco, requires from 45 to 50 days.-Cor.
SENEGAL AND THE COAST.
FROM MOROCCO TO THE RIVER GAMBIA.
Principal Ports.--Cape Verd, Goree, Portendic, Senegal.
By an official return of the commerce of Gorée, the imports, during the first
three months of the present year, amounted to 621,913 fr., of which 125,202 fr.
were in French merchandise from France, 149,892 fr. from the French colonies
and fisheries, and the remainder in foreign merchandise. The exports amounted
to 512,910 fr., of which 335,647 fr. were the produce of the colony.


PART XII.] AFRICA.—GAMBIA, &c. 453
GAMBIA.
TARIFF.—IMPORTs.
The same Duties imposed as at Sierra Leone, by the Act passed 10th Dec.,
1839.
A Duty of Sixpence per gallon upon all Palm Wine imported.
SIERRA LEONE AND THE COAST.
FROM THE RIVER GAMBIA TO THE RIVER MESURADA
Principal Ports.-De Loss (Isles), Rio Grande, Sierra Leone, St. Mary.
SIERRA LEONE.
BRITISH COLONY.
See “Cape Coast Castle,” next page.
WINDWARD COAST.
FROM THE RIVER MESURADA TO CAPE APOLLONIA.
Principal Ports.-Point-de-Galle, St. Andrew's Bay.
CAPE COAST CASTLE, AND THE GOLD COAST.
If ROM CAPE APOLLONIA TO THE RIO VOLTA.
Principal Ports.-Acra, Anamaboe, Cape Coast Castle, Commendo, Dix
Cove, Elmina, Mingo, Succonde, St. George.
CAPE COAST CASTLE, &c.
BRITISH POSSESSION.
At the Court at Windsor, the 3d day of September, 1844.
PRESENT,
The QUEEN’s Most Excellent Majesty in Council.
Whereas Her Majesty hath power and jurisdiction within divers countries and
places adjacent to Her Majesty's forts and settlements on the Gold Coast, in
Africa, Her Majesty is pleased, by and with the advice of Her Privy Council, to
order, and it is hereby ordered, that all judges, magistrates, assessors, and other
officers duly appointed to exercise the said power and jurisdiction in the name
and on the behalf of Her Majesty, within the countries and places aforesaid, shall,
in the exercise thereof, observe, until further order, such of the local customs of
the said countries and places as may be compatible with the principles of the law
of England, and, in default of such customs, shall proceed in all things, as nearly
as may be, according to the said law of England; and, in further pursuance of the
powers by the said Acts of Parliament, vested in Her Majesty, Her Majesty is
pleased, by and with the advice of Her Privy Council, to appoint the settlement


454 AFRICA.—CAPE CoAsT CASTLE, &c. [1845.
of Cape Coast Castle, and the colony of Sierra Leone as British colonies, to which
it shall be lawful for any person, having authority derived from Her Majesty in
that behalf, by warrant under her hand and seal, to cause any person charged with
the commission of any crime or offence, the cognizance whereof may at any time
appertain to any judge, magistrate, or other officer of Her Majesty within the
countries and places aforesaid, to be sent for trial, or in order that sentenees,
passed within such countries and places as aforesaid, may be carried into effect
within such colonies. -
COAST FROM RIO VOLTA TO CAPE OF GOOD HOPE.
Principal Ports.--Annobon [Island of), Angola, Bonny, Calabar, Ca-
meroon, Fernando Po (Island), Caboou, Prince's Island, St. Thomas's
Island.
ICHABOE.
SAILING DIRECTIONS. -: *
[Extract of a letter dated from Angra, Pequina Bay.]
The westernmost point on the south side of Angra, Pequina Bay, is in lat.
25° 39' S., and long. 15° 7' 30" E., one league north of which is Ichaboe Island,
the latitude of which, by lunar observation recently taken, is 26°24' 15" S., and
long. 14° 46' 45", variation of the needle, 26 W., rise and fall of the water around
the island from five to six feet. This is the place of loading—the island is only
one mile in circumference, and twelve miles from the shore, on the east side of
which vessels can lie all the year round in perfect safety and smooth water, riding
in five fathoms water.
The safety and convenience of this harbour are owing to the following circum-
stances :—
A point of land from the continent extends from three to four miles into the
sea, to the south of the island, and from the extremity of this point a reef puts
off in a north-west direction, until it nearly meets a reef that projects from the
west side of the island. Another reef puts off from the north-east part of the
island; consequently a bay is formed, in which a ship may lie all the year round
in safety and smooth water; but in entering this harbour or anchorage, care should
always be taken to pass round the north end of the island, giving its north-east
point a berth of about half a mile, which will avoid all danger. In working into
the harbour, the shore on the main may be approached within two cables' length.
The wind generally is from the north. The current sets in a northerly direction,
about three-quarters of a mile per hour. Vessels may load at Penguin Island,
which is at the head of Angra, Penquina Bay; but Ichaboe Island is preferable on
account of the safety of the harbour.
Extract of a letter received at Lloyds, dated Ichaboe, May 16, 1844:—
I wrote some time ago about the nature of the anchorage, so that I have only
to add, that the more I see of the place, goes to a confirmation of its being any-
thing but a safe harbonr, for many ships have lost anchors and cables, and some
both anchors, and it is a truly destructive place for boats.
The island whence the guano” is taken is about three miles from the shore, on
the south-west coast of Africa. It is a barren rock, about a mile in circumference;
has no soil, or the least sign of vegetation. The guano lies to the depth of about
20 feet, and without any variation in quality. The continent is very sandy, and in
high winds (hurricanes for instance) will cover a ship's deck nearly 100 miles from
* See “Guano,” p. 142.


PART XII.] AFRICA.—ICHABoe. 455
the land. The birds on the island are a kind of penguin, and cannot fly to any
distance, if at all, their wings being a kind of fin. It is believed that the captain
of the vessel (said to be Mr. Parr, of the Anne of Bristol) who brought the guano,
was the first human being who set foot on the island, which is very difficult to
approach, there being no harbour, and a heavy surf. On walking on it, he could
scarcely set his foot without treading on the birds, and they took no notice
whatever of him, except pecking at his feet, he being at the time barefoot; and on
a gun being fired, they merely fluttered a good deal, and made much noise. There
is no fresh water, it is believed, for some hundreds of miles along the coast, and
no rain.—Edinburgh New Philosophical Journal.
MERCURY ISLAND.
In lat. 25° 42. S., long. 14° 58' E. It is a mile in circumference, and three-
quarters of a mile from the south-west point of Spencer's Bay, and one mile and
a half from the north-west point of that bay. Both passages are easy to take, and
perfectly clear. The best anchorage is on the east side of the island, one and a
half cable's length from its shore, in five fathoms, on a bottom of sand and clay.
Near the full and change of the moon a heavy swell often sets in to the south part
of the bay, and renders it there unsafe for anchorage. There can be little doubt
that, like Ichaboe, Mercury Island is stocked with guano.—Cor.
OTHER PLACES.
Ichaboe, Sept. 11, 1844.
I have ascertained from parties who have landed on Possession Island, that
guano may be procured there, but it is very bad. That got at Angra Pequina is
also very bad, so much so that they throw it out when they come here, and load
this. Mercury Island is cleared, and that got at Hollams Bird Island is of very
good quality, but very bad to be got off, on account of the surf running so far
out. I should not by any means recommend chartering any more veseels for
Ichaboe: from calculations there is only 112,000 tons of guano upon the island,
and there is now in the roads 98,000 tons of shipping.—Cor.
CAPE OF GOOD HOPE.
As to DANGERs of THE SEAs, see PART VI.
As to IMPORTs IN For EIGN VEssels, see p. 39.
Principal Ports.--Cape Town, Table Bay, seat of Government, Port
Elizabeth, Algoa Bay, and Simon's Bay.
THE CURRENTS AT CAPE AGULHAS.
A bottle containing the following was picked up near the mouth of the Kaffer
Kuil river, Cape of Good Hope, a short time since —
“The bark, Maria, Sproule, from Batavia to Cowes, thrown overboard on
20th July, 1843, lat. 35°28' S., long. 20° 54' E. Should this be picked up by
any one, for the extension of our knowledge of the currents of the ocean, they will
please make it known.”
A difference of opinion exists amongst nautical men trading to the eastward
regarding the current abreast of Cape Agulhas, but it has been ascertained from
captains who have long traded on the eastern coast, and who have had very frequent
occasion to notice the current, that it generally runs westward on the edge of the
bank all the way from Port Natal round the Cape. Close to the shore there is
often a re-action, and there are also eddies formed, which are apt to mislead
strange vessels in coming too near in.


456 AFRICA.— CAPE of Good HoPE. [1845.
FREE wark HousING PoRTs,
By O. C., Feb. 22, 1832, the several ports of Cape Town, Simon's Town, and Port Elizabeth
shall be Free Ports: and the said ports of Cape Town and Simon's Town shall be Free
Warehousing Ports. See “ British Possessions,” PART XIII.
By T. L., May 24, 1836, Port Elizabeth in this colony is declared to be a Free Warehousing
Port, and the provisions of the Act 3 & 4 Will. 4, c. 59 (PART XIII.) permitting the
removal of goods, under bond, from ore warehousing port to another within the same:
possessions.
Limits of Charter.--For the purpose of this Act, the Cape of Good Hope,
and the territories and dependencies thereof, shall be deemed to be within
the limits of the East India Company's charter. 3 & 4 Will. 4, c. 56, § 9.
Limits.--In all trade with the British possessions in America, the Cape
of Good Iſope, and the territories and dependencies thereof, shall be deemed
to be within the limits of the East India Company's charter. 3 & 4 Will. 4,
c. 59, § 50.
TARIFF.”
A TABLE of THE DUT is of custo MS PAYABLE ON GooDs, IMPoRTED INTO:
THE COLONY OF THE C.A.P.E OF GOOD HOPE.
IVWTARI)S. Buty.
£. s. d.
Coffee.—Produce of British possessions, cwt. - 0 5 0.
Produce of foreign possessions, cwt. . - . 0 10 0
Flour, wheaten, not being the manufacture of the United Kingdom,
barrel of 196 lb. - - - - . 0 3 0.
Gunpowder, lb. - - - - . 0 0 3
Pepper, cwt. . - - - - . 0 4 0.
Rice, cwt - - - - - . 0 1 6.
Sugar, viz. –
Not refined, the produce of any British possession, cwt. . . 0 2 3
Not refined, the produce of any other place, cwt. - 0 4 6
Refined or candy, not manufactured in the United Kingdom, cwt. 0 6 0
Refined or candy, the manufacture of the United Kingdom, cwt. . 0 3 0.
; Spirits and Tea, viz.:-
Brandy, the produce of France, not exceeding the strength of proof
by Sykes's hydrometer, and so in proportion for any greater
strength, imperial gallon - - - . 0 0 4
All other spirits, not being the manufacture of the United Kingdom,
or of any British possession (strength as before) imperial gallon 0 1 0.
Spirits of all sorts, being the manufacture of the United Kingdom, or -
of any British possession (strength as before) imperial gallon . 0 0 4
Tea, fb. - - - - - . 0 0 4%
Tobacco, viz.:-
Not manufactured, cwt. . - - - . 0 12 0
Manufactured (not segars), cwt. - - - . 1 0 0
Segars, 1,000 . - - - - . 0 5 0
Wood Unmanufactured,” viz.:-
Mahogany, rosewood, and teak wood, cubic foot - . 0 0 3
All other wood, not the produce of the United Kingdom, cubic foot 0 0 2
Wine, viz.:-
In bottles, each not of greater content than six to the imperial gallon,
dozen bottles - • • . 0 4 0
* O. C., 11th March, 1842.
f O. C., May 8, 1841.


PART XII.] AFRICA.—CAPE of Good Hope. 457
TARIFF-continued.
In bottles, each not of greater content than twelve to the imperial gal-
lon, dozen bottles - - - - . 0 2 ()
Not in bottles, imperial gallon - - - -
Goods, not otherwise charged with duty, and not herein declared free
of duty, being the growth, produce, or manufacture of the United
Kingdom, or of any of Her Majesty's possessions abroad, C100
value - - - - - . 5 0 0
Goods, not otherwise charged with duty, and not herein declared to
be free of duty, being the growth, produce, or manufacture of any
foreign state, É100 value. . 12 0 0
Bottles, of common glass, imported full.
Bullion.
Casks, Staves, Hoops, and Cooper's Rivets.
Coin.
Diamonds.
Horses, Mules, Asses, Sheep, Cattle, and all other live stock and live animals.
Seeds, Bulbs, and Plants.
Specimens, illustrative of Natural History.
FURTHER CUSTOM's DUTIES. *
Meat, salted or cured, of all sorts, not being the production or manu-
facture of the United Kingdom, or of any British possession, cwt. 0
Meat, salted or cured, of all sorts, being the production or manufac-
ture of the United Kingdom, or of any British possession, cwt. . 0 1
Oil, train and blubber, the produce of fish or creatures living in the
3
:
sea, of foreign fishing, tun (Imperial measure) - . 3 0
Oil, spermaceti, of foreign fishing, tun (Imperial measure) . 7 10
Fish, dried or salted, and fins and skins, the produce of creatures liv-
ing in the sea, of foreign fishing or taking, £100 val. - . 12 0
ALTERATIONS IN DUTHES.
Cape Town, Jan. 20, 1844.
An ordinance is about passing the Legislative Council, abolishing port, anchor-
age, and lightage dues; and the duties formerly levied on foreign oil, beef, pork,
and fish, have been considerably reduced. The rates of duty in future are to be
3s. per cwt. for all meats, salted or cured, not being the production of the United
Kingdom or British possessions; 1s. per cwt, for the same the production of the
United Kingdom or British possessions; £7 10s. per tun for spermaceti oil; £3
per tun for oil train, or blubber of foreign fishing; and an ad valorem duty of
3612 for every £100 value is to be paid upon fish, dried or salted, fins, skins, &c.,
of foreign fishing.—Cor.
WINE.
It shall be lawful for the shipper of any wine, the produce of the Cape
of Good Hope, or of its dependencies, which is to be exported from thence,
to go before the chief officer of customs, and make and sign an affidavit
before him that such wine was really and bona fide the produce of the Cape
of Good Hope or of its dependencies; and such officer is hereby authorised
and required to administer such affidavit, and to grant a certificate thereof,
setting forth in such certificate the name of the ship in which the wine is to
be exported, and the destination of the same. 3 & 4 Will. 4, c. 56, § 85.
* By O. C., Oct. 2, 1843, to come nto operation from the time when the same shall be made
*..." in the said colony, by a proclamation of the Governor of the said colony of the Cape of
ood Hope.


PART XII.] AFRICA.—CAPE of Good HoPE. 459
ExpoRTs—continued.
Sheep, no. - - - - - - 574 353
Skins, Goat and Sheep, do. - - - - 22,603 816
Tallow, lb. - - - - • - - - 3,065 85
Wine, pps. . . - - - - - - 1,252 11,999
Wool, lb. - - - - - - 68,533 3,074
Other articles - - - - - - 1,793
Total Colonial - - - - 32,174
Not Colonial - - - - 24,654
Total Cape Town - - 56,828
ExpoRTs FROM Port BEAUFORT :—
Aloes, lb. . . - - - - - - 14,211 #165
Butter, do. - - - - - - 3,704 214
Feathers, Ostrich, do. - - - - - - 11 65
Fruit, dried, do. - - - - - - - - l
Grain, qrs. . . - - - - - - 94 172
Hides, no. - - - - - - 341 138
Horns, do. - - - - - - 2,074 31
Live Stock, Sheep, no. - - - - 70 42
Skins, Goat and Sheep, do. - - - - 6,651 439
Wine, pps. - - - - - - I 11
Wool, lb. - - - - - - 76,925 3,519
Other articles, - - - - 9
Total Port Beaufort .. - - #4,806
MONEYS.
The coins in circulation are exclusively British, consisting, in gold, of sovereigns
and half-soveraigns; in silver, of crowns and half-crowns, shillings and sixpences;
and in copper, of pennies, half-pennies, and farthings. There is no colonial coin.
Her Majesty's government having established the British coin as a circulating
medium of this colony, and having directed that British silver money shall be a
legal tender in the discharge of all debts, at the rate of 1s. 6d. sterling for each
paper rix dollar, and so in proportion for any greater or less sum ; the value of
the rix dollar, formerly the only currency in the colony, was accordingly fixed at
that rate by ordinance of the Governor in council, bearing date June 6, 1825. The
coins in circulation have not been cut, pierced, defaced, or otherwise altered ;
neither have their respective values been diminished nor augmented.
FOREIGN COINS.
These are in very small quantities, and are not in use as a circulating medium.
They are principally Spanish dollars, and a few rupees. Their value depends
almost entirely on the occasional demand for them. The usual exchangeable value
of the Spanish dollar is from 3s. 9d. to 3s. 10d., or at most 3s. 11d. and that of
the Sicca rupee, from 1s. 6d. to 1s. 84d. Other rupees, when in demand, are dis-
posed of at 1s. 6d. each, but the general price does not exceed 18. 1%d. or six
paper shillings.
ACCOUNTS.
All public accounts have, since January 1, 1826, been rendered in British
currency, although amongst private persons the old mode of reckoning in rix
dollars, skillings, and stivers is in many instances still in use. The proportions
are as follow:—
8.
l Stiver = 0
6 stivers = 1 skilling, or 0 23
8 skillings = 1 rix dollar, or 1


PART XII.] AFRICA.—CAPE VERDE ISLANDs, &c. 461
CAPE VERDE ISLANDS.
Principal Ports.-Brava, Bonavista (Islands of), Fogo (Island), Mayo
(Island), Midello, St. Antonio, St. Jago, St. Lucia, St. Nicholas, St. Vincent
(Islands of), Praya (Island of St. Jago).
ST. HELENA.
The island of St. Helena, and all forts, factories, public edifices, and he-
reditaments whatsoever in the said island, and all stores and property thereon,
fit or used for the service of the government thereof, shall be vested in His
Majesty; and the said island shall be governed by such orders as His
Majesty in council shall from time to time issue in that behalf. 3 & 4 Will.
c. 85, § 112.
MADAGASCAR.
Principal Ports.--Tamatave, Fort Dauphin, Foul Point.
ISLE OF BOURBON.
Principal Ports.-St. Denis, St. Paul.
It appears by an official return of the commerce of the Island of Bourbon, dur-
ing the first quarter of 1844, that the imports amounted to 1,739,542f., of which
1,184,648f. were from France, 140,002f. from the French colonies and fisheries,
and 414,862f. from Foreign countries. The exports amounted to 2,908,799f., of
which 2,816,985f. were of the produce of the colony.
MAURITIUS.
Principal Ports.-Mahebourg, Port Louis, Seychelles Island.
As to IM ports IN For 1:GN VEss:Ls, see p. 39.
Footing of West Indies.—All goods the growth, produce, or manufacture
of the island of Mauritius, and all goods, which having been imported into
the said island shall be imported thence into any part of the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland, or into any possessions of His Majesty, shall
be liable, upon such importation into the United Kingdom, or into any such
possessions respectively, to the payment of the same duties, and shall be
subject to the same regulations as the like goods, being of the growth, pro-
duce, or manufacture of His Majesty's islands in the West Indies, or having
been imported into and exported from any of the said islands, and imported
from the same into the said United Kingdom, or into any such possessions
respectively, would on such importation be liable to the payment of, or would
be subject unto; and upon the exportation of any goods from the United
Kingdom to the island of Mauritius, such goods shall be liable to the same
duties, and shall be entitled to the like drawbacks respectively as would or
ought by law to be charged or allowed upon the like goods from the United
Kingdom to any of His Majesty's islands in the West Indies; and all goods
which shall be imported into or exported from the island of Mauritius from
or to any place whatever, other than the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, shall, upon such importation or exportation respectively, be
liable to the payment of the same duties, and shall be subject to the same
regulations, as far as any such regulations can or may be applied, as the like


462 AFRICA.—MAURITIUs. [1845.
goods would be liable to the payment of, or would be subject to, upon im-
ortation or exportation into or from any of His Majesty's islands in the
W. Indies; and all ships whatever which shall arrive at or depart from the
island of Mauritius shall be liable to the payment of the same duties, and
shall be subject to the same regulations as such ships would be liable to the
payment of, or would be subject to, if arriving at or departing from any of
His Majesty's islands in the West Indies. 3 & 4 Will. 4, c. 59, § 49.
For the purposes of this Act the island of Mauritius shall be deemed to be
one of His Majesty's sugar colonies, and placed upon the same footing in all
respects as His Majesty's islands in the West Indies. 3 & 4 Will. 4, c. 56,
§ 9.
NEW TARIFF.
Port Louis, Aug. 22, 1844.
By the new tariff, on non-enumerated articles, an ad valorem duty of 6 per cent.
is levied on imports from the United Kingdom, and of 10 per cent from foreign
ports.-Cor.


P A R T T H E T H I R T E E N T H.
AMERICA.
TRADE WITH BRITISH POSSESSIONS.
As to the importation into the United Kingdom of Goods the produce of America,
and as to importation into British Possessions in Asia and Africa, see p. i
and 41.
COASTING TRADE.
As to the Trade between the neighbouring Ports being declared a Coasting Trade
see p. 298.
DANGERS OF THE SEAS.
[See PART VI.]
BRITISH POSSESSIONS IN GENERAL.
GENERAL REGULATIONS.
Repeal of former Acts.--So much of the Acts 4 Geo. 3, c. 15, 6 Geo. 3,
c. 52, and 14 Geo. 3, c. 88, as imposes or authorises the charge of the duties
upon wine, molasses, pimento, and spirits respectively, is hereby repealed.
5 & 6 Wict. c. 49, § 2. [16 July, 1842.]
Repeal of former Prohibitions.—So much of the Possessions Act of
3 & 4 Will. 4, c. 59, as prohibits the importation of the goods enumerated
and described in the table in the said Act contained, and as declares the for-
feiture of such goods, and of certain vessels importing the same, shall be
repealed. § 3.
Establishing Prohibitions.—The several sorts of goods enumerated in the
table following, denominated “A Table of Prohibitions and Restrictions,”
are hereby prohibited to be imported or brought, either by sea or by land
carriage or navigation, into the British possessions in America or the Mau-
ritius, or shall be so imported or brought only under the restrictions men-
tioned in such table, according as the several sorts of such goods are set
forth therein; viz.:-
A TABLE OF PROHIBITIONS AND RESTRICTIONS.
GUNPowDER,
AMMUNITION, ARMs, or UTENSILS of WAR,
prohibited to be imported, except from the United Kingdom or from some
other British Possession.


464 AMERICA.—BRITISH Possessions. [1845.
CofFEE,
Sug AR, not being refined, in Bond in the United Kingdom.
Moi, Asses,
RUM, being the produce or manufacture of any British Possession within the
limits of the East India Company's Charter, except and subject as herein-
: is provided, or being of foreign produce or manufacture, prohibited to |
l, insported into any of the British Possessions on the Continent of South
An:erica or in the West Indies (the Bahamia and Bermuda Islands not in-
cluded), or into the Mauritius, excopt to be warehoused for exportation
only, and may also be prohibited to be imported into the Bahama or Ber-
muda Island by Her Majesty's Order in Council.
BAsi, on Covstº FEIT Coix,
Books, such as are prohibited to be imported into the United Kingdom,
prohibited to be imported.
And if any goods shall be imported or brought into any of the British pos-
sessions in America or the Mauritius, contrary to any of the prohibitions or
restrictions mentioned in such table in respect of such goods, the same shall
be forfeited; and if the vessel in which such goods shall be imported be of
less burden than seventy tons, such ship or vessel shall also be forfeited.
How Coffee, Sugar, and Rum may be Imported. Certificate of Origin.-
It shall be lawful to import into any British possessions in the West Indies
and South America, and into the Mauritius, any coffee, the produce of any
British possessions within the limits of the East India Company's charter,
and also any sugar the produce of any British possessions within the limits
of the East India Company's charter, into which the importation of sugar,
the product of any foreign country, or of any British possession into which
foreign sugar may be legally imported, has been prohibited, and also any
rum, the produce of any British possession within the limits of the East
India Company's charter into which the importation of rum the produce of
any foreign country or of any British possession into which foreign sugar or
rum may be legally imported, has been prohibited; provided nevertheless,
that no such coffee, sugar, or rum shall be entered in any British possession
in the West Indies or South America, or in the Island of Mauritius, as being
the produce of any British possession within the limits of the East India
Company's charter, from which the same may be legally imported under the
proviso last aforesaid, unless the master of the ship importing the same shall
have delivered to the collector or principal officer of customs at the port of
importation such certificate of origin as hereinafter is mentioned, under the
hand and seal of the proper officer at the place where the same shall have
been taken on board; and such master shall also make and subscribe a de-
claration before the proper officer of customs that such certificate was
received by him at the place where such coffee, sugar, or rum was
taken on board, and that the coffee, sugar, or rum so imported is the |
same as is mentioned therein; and such certificate of origin shall, as regards |
coffee, certify that a declaration in writing had been made and signed before |
the officer giving such certificate, the contents of which he believed to be
true, by the shipper of such coffee, that the same was really and bond fide
the produce of some British possession; and such certificate of origin shall,
as respects sugar, state the name of the district in which such sugar was pro-
duced, the quantity and quality thereof, the number and denomination of
the packages containing the same, and the name of the ship in which they
were laden, and the master thereof, to the officer giving the same, by the
shipper of such sugar, and shall likewise certify that there had been produced
a certificate under the hand and seal of the collector or assistant collector of
the land or customs revenue of the district within which sugar was produced,
that such sugar was of the produce of the district, and that the importation
into such district of foreign sugar, or sugar the growth of any British pos-
session into which foreign sugar can be legally imported, is prohibited; and


PART XIII.] AMERICA.—BRITISH Possessions. 465
such certificate of origin shall, as respects rum, state the name of the district
in which such rum was produced, the quantity and strength thereof, the
number and denomination of the packages containing the same, the name
of the ship in which they were laden, and of the master thereof, and shall
also testify that there had been produced to the party giving such certificates,
by the shipper of such rum, a certificate under the hand and seal of the
collector or assistant collector of the land or customs revenue of the district
within which such rum was produced, that the same was the production of
such district. § 5.
Import Duties.—There shall be paid unto Her Majesty the several duties
of customs as the same are respectively set forth in figures in the table of
duties hereinafter contained, upon goods not being the growth, production,
or manufacture of the United Kingdom, or of any of the British possessions
in America, or of the Mauritius, or of any of the British possesssions within
the limits of the East India Company's charter, or the produce of any of the
British fisheries, imported or brought into any of the British possessions in
America or the Mauritius by sea or inland carriage or mavigation. $ 7.
TARIFF.
3. s. d.
Wheat flour - - ... the barrel of 196 lb. 0 2 0
Fish of foreign taking l dried or salted . . cwt. - 0 2 0
or curing - pickled . - barrel - 0 4 0
Meat, salted, or cured” - - . cwt. - 0 3 0
Butter - - - - > * - 0 8 0
Cheese . o - e - 5 y - 0 5 0
Coffee - - - - * } - 0. 5 0
Cocoa . • - - - ; 7. - 0 1 0
Molasses - - e - * * - 0 3 0
Sugar, unrefined . - - - 2 : - 0 5 0
Refined sugar, the produce of and refine . £100 val. . 20 0 0
in foreign countries - -
Foreign Sugar refined, in bond in United Kingdom, see § 9 of this Act,
next page.
Tea, unless imported direct from China,
or unless imported from the United lb 0 0 1
Kingdom, or from any of the British - - •
possessions - - -
Spirits: •
Rum - - - - gallon - 0 0 6
Other Spirits and cordials - - * , - 0 1 ()
Glass manufactures - -
Silk manufactures . - £100 val. . 20 0 0
Spermaceti . - -
* Foreign Salted Beef and Pork for Stores.—By 6 & 7 Vict, c. 84, § 18 [Aug. 22, 1843]
foreign salted beef and pork which shall have been warehoused in any British possession may
be delivered into the charge of the searchers to be shipped as stores, and which shall and may
be so shipped without entry or payment of any duty, for every ship of the burden of sixty tons
at least, §. upon a voyage to foreign | ". the probable duration of which, out and home,
will not be less than forty days: Provided, that such foreign beef and pork shall be duly borne
upon the ship's clearance, and shall be shipped in such quantities, and subject to such directions
and regulations, as the collector of customs at the port of shipment shall direct and appoint:
Provided also, that the surplus stores of such º beef or pork may be delivered into the
charge of the searcher to be ºp. as stores, under such regulations as such collector may
see fit to direct; and any such beef or pork shipped contrary to such directions shall be for-
feited.
2 H


466 AMERICA.—BRITISH Possessions. - - [1845;
TARIFF-continued.
Wine, whether bottled or not
Cotton Manufactures
Linen ditto
Woollen ditto - -
Leather ditto . - -
Paper ditto . - - - -
fºre - - - . E100 val. . 7 0 o
Clocks and Watches -
Manufactured Tobacco -
Soap . - - -
Candles, other than Spermaceti J
Corks, Cordage, and Oakum . -
Oil, blubber, fins, and skins, the produce of fish and creatures living
in the sea, of foreign fishing - . E100 val. . 15 0 0
Article not enumerated,” except such a
are comprised or referred to in the sub- . £100 val. . 4 0 0
joined table of exemptions . -
And if any of the goods hereinbefore pro-
posed to be charged with duty, except
sugar and tea, shall be imported | Such goods shall only be
through the United Kingdom (having charged with three-
been warehoused therein, and being ex- fourths of the duties
ported from the warehouse), or the herein.
duties thereon, if there paid, having
been drawn back - -
EXEMPTIONS.
Coin, bullion and diamonds. i Fruit and vegetables, fresh.
Horses, mules, asses, neat cattle, and Carriages of travellers.
all other live stock. | Wood and lumber.
Hay and straw. Cotton wool.
Tallow and raw hides. | Hemp, flax, and tow.
Salt. Drugs.
Rice. Gums and Resins.
Corn and grain unground. Tortoise-shell.
Biscuit or bread. Manures of all kinds.
Bastard Sugar. Specimens, illustrative of Natural His-
Meal or flour, except wheat flour. tory, from Feb. 1, 1844.—O. C.,
Fresh meat. Aug. 23, 1843.
Fresh fish.
Herrings, taken and cured by the inhabitants of the Isle of Man, and imported
from thence.
Provisions and stores of every description, imported or supplied for the use of Her
Majesty's land and sea forces.
All goods imported from the United Kingdom after having there paid the duties of
consumption, and imported from thence without drawback. § 7
ARTICLES DUTY-FREE.
The articles enumerated in the table of exemptions herein-before contained shall
be imported without payment of any duty under this Act, and also such of the fol-
lowing Articles, viz. –
Salted or cured meat. Pitch.
Flour. Tar.
Butter. Turpentine.
Cheese. - Leather and leather-ware.
Molasses. Fishermen's clothing and hosiery.
Cork-wood. Fishing craft, utensils, instruments,
Cordage. and bait.
Oakum.
* By T. L., April 11, 1844, inasmuch as bastard sugars are the result of a m - -
cess; dietà:kigºº, tºº. anufacturing pro


PART XIII.] AMERICA.—BRITISH Possessions. 467
as shall be imported for the use of the British fisheries in America, into any
place at or from whence any such fishery is carried on, subject to such re-
gulations as the Commissioners of Customs, or the principal officer of cus-
toms at such place shall make, and which they and he are hereby empowered
to establish, for the purpose of ascertaining that such articles are bona fide
intended to be applied to the use of such fisheries, or that such provisions
and stores as aforesaid are bona fide imported or supplied for the use of Her
Majesty's land and sea forces. § 8.
Import Duty on Sugar refined in Bond.—There shall be paid unto Her
Majesty a duty of 10l. for every 100l. of the value upon sugar refined in
bond in the United Kingdom,” not being of the growth of any of the Bri-
tish possessions in America, or of the Mauritius, or of any of the British pos-
sessions within the limits of the East India Company's charter, imported or
brought into any of the British possessions in America, or into the Mauritius,
by sea or by inland carriage or navigation. § 9.
Duties to be increased in certain Cases; Tea, amount of differential Duty.
—If in any of the British possessions in America, or the Mauritius, any
duty be chargeable by any colonial law upon any articles, being the growth,
produce, or manufacture of the United Kingdom, or of the British posses-
sions in America, or of the British possessions within the limits of the East
India Company's charter, or the produce of the British fisheries, beyond the
duty (if any) chargeable by such colonial law upon similar foreign articles,
the imperial duty hereby imposed upon such foreign articles shall be increased
by such excess or amount (as the case may be) of the duties so chargeable
by such colonial law upon similar British articles; and if in any of the Bri-
tish possessions in America or the Mauritius, any duty be chargeable by any
colonial law upon tea imported direct from China, or imported from the
United Kingdom or any of the British possessions, beyond the duty (if any)
chargeable by such colonial law upon tea not so imported, the imperial duty
hereby imposed upon tea not so imported, shall be increased by such excess
or amount (as the case may be) of the duties so chargeable by such colonial
law, upon tea imported direct from China, or imported from the United
Kingdom or from any of the British possessions. $ 10.
Power to Her Majesty to exempt certain Articles from Duty.—It shall
be lawful for Her Majesty, by and with the advice of her Privy Council, by
any orders in council to be issued from time to time, to direct that any article
described in such order, being an article chargeable under this Act, as an
unenumerated article, with a duty of four per centum ad valorem, shall be
added to the list of exemptions hereinbefore set forth, and shall be free from
such duty, and from the time mentioned in such order for the commence-
ment of such exemption, not being less than six months from the date
thereof, such exemption shall take effect, and such article shall thenceforth,
whilst such order shall continue in force, be free from such duty accordingly;
and any such order may at any time be suspended or revoked by Her Majesty,
with the advice of her Privy Council, by any other order in council. § 11.
Channel Islands.--Goods, the produce or manufacture of the islands of
Guernsey, Jersey, Alderney, or Sark, when imported from such islands into
the British possessions in America or the Mauritius, shall be admitted to
entry upon payment of the same duties as are payable upon the like goods,
the produce or manufacture of the United Kingdom, or of any of the said
possessions, upon production of the principal officer of customs at the port
of importation, of the proofs now required by law, that such goods are the
production or manufacture of the islands aforesaid. § 15.
How Imperial and Colonial Duties to be levied.—In any British posses-
sion in America, in which the imperial duties imposed by the said Possessions
f By T. L., April 11, 1844, not applicable to Bastard Sugars produced in the process of that
reſumery. -
2 II 2


468 AMERICA.—BRITISH Possessions. [1845.
Act. and the colonial duties imposed by the laws of such possession have both
been customarily levied in full, without making any deduction from the im-
perial duties in respect of the colonial duties, or from the colonial duties in
respect of the imperial duties, it shall be lawful, from the passing of this Act,
for the officers of customs and other officers duly authorised to continue so
to levy in full, such imperial and colonial duties respectively, during the
continuance of the Possessions Act. § 17.
COLONIAL DUTY UPON FOREIGN WHEAT IMPORTED INTO
CANADA.
Neur Duty.—Whereas the free introduction of wheat and wheat-flour into the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from this province, would, by
affording a market for these articles at all times certain and available, promote
essentially the agriculture and commercial interests of Canada; and whereas foreign
wheat is at present admitted free of duty into Canada; and whereas the intention
of the laws of the United Kingdom aforesaid is to preserve the home market for
Her Majesty's subjects, by certain restrictions, and by the imposition of duties;
and whereas the introduction of foreign wheat into the United Kingdom, free of
duty, after the introduction of the same into Canada free of duty, would be in
manifest violation of the said intention of the laws of the said United Kingdom;
and whereas the chief objection to the free admission of wheat and wheat-flour into
the said United Kingdom from Canada arises from the free admission of foreign
wheat into Canada, and whereas a certain despatch addressed to the Governor of
this province, by Her Majesty's Secretary of State for the Colonies, dated the
2nd day of March, 1842, a copy whereof has been laid by His Excellency’s
command before the legislative assembly of this province, affords the strongest
ground for the confident belief and expectation, that upon the imposition of a duty
upon foreign wheat imported into this province, Her Majesty will be graciously
pleased to recommend to parliament” the removal or reduction of the duties on
wheat and flour imported into the said United Kingdom from Canada: it is there-
fore enacted, that from July 5, 1842, there shall be paid for the public uses of this
province, on all wheat imported into this province, except from the said United
Kingdom, or any of Her Majesty's possessions, and being the growth and produce
thereof, a duty of 3s. sterling money of Great Britain, for each imperial quarter
of such wheat, and so in proportion for any greater or less quantity thereof—
Colonial Act of 1842. § 1.
Fisheries.—Foreign wheat imported by sea into this province, for the use of the
fisheries, shall be free of duty, and subject to the regulations expressed and enacted,
in regard to certain articles specified in the eighth section of the Act of Parliament
of the said United Kingdom, passed in the last session of the said Parliament, and
entitled “An Act to amend the Laws for the Regulation of the Trade of the British
Possessions abroad.” $ 2.
Moneys, Weights, &c.—The duties imposed by this Act shall be levied, under
the same regulations, and in the same coins, to be received at the same rates, and
according to the same weights and measures, and under the same penalties, to be
enforced and applied in the same manner, and with the same restrictions and regu-
lations for ensuring the payment or punishing the evasion thereof, as the duties
imposed in and by the said Act, intituled “An Act to amend the Laws for the
Regulation of the British Possessions abroad.” $ 3.
Appropriation.—All sums which shall arise from the duty hereby imposed shall
be paid over by the officers receiving the same to Her Majesty's Receiver-General
for this province, and shall form part of the consolidated revenue fund thereof; and
shall, as shall also all fines, penalties, and confiscations incurred under this Act,
be accounted for to Her Majesty, through the Lords Commissioners of Her
Majesty's Treasury, in such manner as Her Majesty shall direct. § 4.
Growth, Manufacture, &c.—No goods shall, upon importation into any
of the British possessions in America, be deemed to be the growth, produc-
tion, or manufacture of the United Kingdom, or of any British possessions
* See p. 154, the new Act for reducing the duty to 1s. a quarter.


PART XIII.] AMERICA.—BRITISH Possessions. 469
in America, unless imported from the United Kingdom, or from some Bri-
tish possession in America. 3 & 4 Will. 4, c. 59, § 27.
Importation and Exportation.—No goods shall be imported into, nor shall
any goods, except the produce of the fisheries in British ships, be exported
from any of the British possessions in America, by sea, from or to any place
other than the United Kingdom, or some other of such possessions, except
into or from the several ports in such possessions, called “Free Ports,” enu-
merated or described in the table following, viz.:-
TABLE OF FEEE PORTS.
(For Warehousing Ports, see p. 472.)
Kingston, Savanna la Mar, Montego)
Bay, Santa Lucia, Antonio, Saint |
Ann, Falmouth,” Maria, Morant
Bay, Annotto Bay, Black River, Rio Jamaica.
Bueno, Port Morant, Old Harbour
—O. C., April 29, 1836.
Saint George - - Grenada.
Rosseau - - - Dominica.
Saint John's - - Antigua.
San Joseph • - Trinidad.
Scarborough - - Tobago.
Road Harbour - - Tortola.
Nassau - - - New Providence.
Pitt's Town - - Crooked Island.
Kingston - • Saint Vincent.
Port St. George and Port Hamilton Bermuda.
Any Port where there is a Custom-
house Bahamas.
Bridgetown - - Barbadoes.
St. John’s, St. Andrew's - New Brunswick.
Halifax, Pictou - - Nova Scotia.
Quebec - - - Canada.
Saint John's . • • Newfoundland.
George Town . • - Demerara.
New Amsterdam - - Berbice.
Castries—O.C., Sept. 30, 1835 - Saint Lucia.
Basseterre - - Saint Kitt's.
Charles Town . - - Nevis.
Plymouth - - - Montserrat.
Sydney - • - Cape Breton.
Charlotte Town - - Prince Edward Island.
Anguilla - - Anguilla.
%. }—o. C., Aug. 15, 1834 Nova Scotia.
Welch Pool in the island of Campo
Bello—O. C., April, 1835 - New Brunswick.
Miramichi—T. L., Sept. 5, 1836 . Ditto.
Majaquadavie—O. C., April 30, 1838 New Brunswick.
Harbour Grace—T. L., June 11, 1838 Newfoundland.
George Town—O. C., Sept. 5, 1838 Prince Edward Island.
Port of George Town, Demerara, from
Oct. 26, 1839—O.C., Aug. 26, 1839 British Guiana.
George Town—T. L., Sept. 9, 1839 Demerara. -
Dalhousie, on the River Restigouche
—O. C., June 10, 1843 - New Brunswick.
Shelburne, Luneburgh, from Dec. Province of Nova Scotia.
1, 1839,-O. C., Sept. 30, 1839.
* See next page.
Windsor, Parsboro’, º


470 AMERICA.—BRITISH Possessions. [1845.
TABLE –-continued.
Hobart Town Van Diemen's Land,
Launceston Sept. 12, 1835.
San Fernando, in the Island of Trinidad, T. L., March 6, 1841.
Melbourne in the district of Port Philip, New South Wales, O. C., March 5,
1840.
Ports Wellington, Auckland, and Russell, New Zealand, O. C., Aug. 27, 1842.
Falmouth in Jamaica, O. C., March 5, 1840.-Provided that nothing in such
order shall exempt any goods imported from the said Port of Falmouth into
any of the British Possessions in the West Indies; or on the continent of
South America, or into the Bahama Islands, from the payment of the duties
now chargeable thereon in such places under the Act.
New Edinburgh—Nova Scotia.-O. C., March 4, 1844.
And if any goods be imported into any place in any of the said possessions
contrary hereto, such goods shall be forfeited. 3 & 4 Will. 4, c. 59, § 2."
Other Ports.-If His Majesty shall deem it expedient to extend the pro-
visions of this Act to any ports not enumerated in the said table, it shall be
lawful for His Majesty, by order in council, to extend the provisions of this
Act to such ports; and, from the day mentioned in such order in council,
all the privileges and advantages of this Act, and all the provisions and for-
feitures therein contained (subject nevertheless to the limitations and restric-
tions hereinafter provided), shall extend to any such ports respectively, as
fully as if the same had been inserted in the said table at the time of passin
this Act: Provided also, that nothing hereinbefore contained shall ...;
to prohibit the importation or exportation of goods into or from any places
in Newfoundland or Labrador in British ships. § 3.
Ports for limited purposes.—And whereas there are in the said posses—
sions many places situated in rivers and bays at which it may be necessary
to establish ports for particular and limited purposes only; it is therefore
enacted that it shall be lawful for His Majesty, in any order in council made
for the appointment of any free port, to limit and confine such appointments
respectively to any and such purposes only as shall be expressed in such
order. § 4.
Articles, British, in certain cases deemed Foreign.—All coffee, sugar,
molasses, and rum, (although the same may be of the British Plantations,)
exported from any of the British possessions in America, into which the
like goods of foreign production can be legally imported, shall, upon subse-
quent importation thence into any of the British possessions in America,
into which such goods, being of foreign production, cannot be legally im-
ported, or into the United Kingdom, be deemed to be of foreign production,
and shall be liable, on such importation respectively, to the same duties or
the same forfeiture as articles of the like description, being of foreign pro-
duction, would be liable to, unless the same shall have been warehoused
under the provisions of this Act, and exported from the warehouse direct to
* JERSEY, GUERNSEY, &c.
Custom House, London, 1834.
GENTLEMEN-A question having arisen as to the admission, duty free, of goods the produce
or manufacture of the islands of Jersey and Guernsey, and also of goods the produce of the
United Kingdom, when imported from those islands into the British Possessions in America,
we acquaint you that goods the produce of the islands of Jersey and Guernsey, are not, upon
importation thence into the British Possessions in America, exempted from the payment of
duties which are chargeable upon the like goods when imported from any foreign country;
and we acquaint you that goods the produce of the United Kingdom, when imported from the
islands of Jersey or Guernsey, are liable to the foreign duty, it having been enacted by the
27th section of the Act 3 & 4 Will. 4, c. 59, that no goods shall upon importation into any
of the British Possessions in America be deemed to be the growth, production, or manufacture
of the United Kingdom, unless imported from the United Kingdom, or from some British Pos-
sessions in America.
H. Rich MoMD.
W. L. MABERLY.


PART XIII.] AMERICA.—BRITISH Possessions. 471
such other British possession, or to the United Kingdom, as the case may
be. § 8.
Certificate of production for Sugar, Coffee, Cocoa, or Spirits. Oath of
Grower.—Declaration of Exporter. Declaration of Master. Goods with-
out Certificate.—Before any sugar, coffee, cocoa, or spirits, shall be shipped
for exportation in any British possession in America, or in the island of
Mauritius, as being the produce of such possession or of such island, the
proprietor of the estate on which such goods were produced or his known
agent, shall make and sign an affidavit" in writing before the collector or
controller at the port of exportation, or before one of His Majesty's justices
of the peace, or other officer duly authorised to administer, such oath, re-
siding in or near the place where such estate is situated, declaring that such
goods are the produce of such estate; and such affidavit shall set forth the
name of the estate, and the description and quantity of the goods, and the
packages containing the same, with the marks and numbers thereon, and
the name of the person to whose charge at the place of shipment they are to
be sent: and if any justice of the peace or other officer aforesaid shall sub-
scribe his name to any writing purporting to be such affidavit, unless the
person purporting to make such affidavit shall actually appear before him,
and be sworn to the truth of the same, such justice of the peace or officer
shall forfeit for any such offence 50l.; and the person entering and shipping
such goods shall deliver such affidavit to the collector or controller, or other
proper officer, and shall make and subscribe a declaration before him that
the goods which are to be shipped by virtue of such entry are the same as
are mentioned in such affidavit; and the master of the ship in which such
goods shall be laden, shall, before clearance, make and subscribe a declara-
tion before the collector or controller, that the goods shipped by virtue of
such entry are the same as are mentioned and intended in such affidavit to
the best of his knowledge and belief; and thereupon the collector and con-
troller, or other proper officer, shall sign and give to the master a certificate
of production, stating that proof has been made in manner required by law,
that such goods (describing the same) are the produce of such British pos-
session or of such island, and setting forth in such certificate the name of
the exporter and of the exporting ship, and of the master thereof, and the
destination of the goods; and if any sugar, coffee, cocoa, or spirits be im-
ported into any British possession in America, as being the produce of some
other such possession or of such island, without such certificate of produc-
tion, the same shall be forfeited. § 29.
Certificate of production on re-exportation from another Colony.—Before
any sugar, coffee, cocoa, or spirits shall be shipped for exportation in any
British possession in America, as being the produce of some other such pos-
session, the person exporting the same shall, in the entry outwards, state the
place of the production, and refer to the entry inwards and landing of such
goods, and shall make and subscribe a declaration before the collector or
controller to the identity of the same; and thereupon, if such goods shall
have been duly imported with a certificate of production within twelve months
prior to the shipping for exportation, the collector and controller shall sign
and give to the master a certificate of production founded upon and referring
to the certificate of production under which such goods had been so im-
ported, and containing the like particulars, together with the date of such
importation. § 30.
Certificate.—No goods shall be entered as being of or from any British
possession in America (if any benefit attach to such distinction) unless the
master of the ship importing the same shall have delivered to the collector
or controller a certificate, under the hand of the proper officer, of the place
* By 5 will. 4, c. 8, Treasury empowered to substitute a declaration.


472 AMERICA.—BRITISH Possessions. [1845.
where such goods were taken on board, of the due clearance of such ship
from thence, containing an account of such goods. 3 & 4 Will. 4, c. 52,
§ 31.
WAREHOUSING.
How any Goods may be Farehoused for Exportation, see PART VIII.
FREE WAREHousixg Ports.
Bridgetown in Barbadoes,
Quebec in Canada,
Sydney in Cape Breton,
Rouseau in Dominica,
St. George in Grenada,
Kingston and Montego Bay in Jamaica,
Charlestown in Nevis,
St. John's and St. Andrew's in New Brunswick,
St. John's in Newfoundland
Nassau in New Providence,
Halifax and Pictou in Nova Scotia,
Basseterre in St. Kitt’s,
Kingston in St. Vincent,
Road Harbour in Tortola,
San Joseph in Trinidad,
Castries in St. Lucia Oct. 1835,
Harbour Grace, in the island of Newfoundland, from the 10th July,
1836 O. C., 11th June, 1836.
Grand Key, Turk's Island, in the Bahamas O. C., 18 May, 1836.
St. George in the Bermudas O. C., 26th October, 1836,
Digby and Arichat, in the province of Nova Scotia O. C., 11th
July, 1839,
New Amsterdam in Berbice O. C., Sept. 11, 1840,
Hamilton in Bermuda O. C., Dec. 8, 1840,
Scarborough in the island of Tobago O. C., May 8, 1841,
Sydney in New South Wales O. C., Nov. 26, 1835,
Melbourne, in the district of Port Philip, New South Wales
July 1, 1840 O. C., March 4, 1840,
St. John, in the island of Antigua O. C., Feb, 2, 1842,
Plymouth, in the island of Montserrat O. C., Feb. 2, 1842,
Toronto and Hamilton, Canada O. C., June, 1842,
Charlotte Town, Prince Edward Island O. C., Aug. 11, 1842,
Kingston and Montreal, in the Canadas, and
Liverpool and Yarmouth, in Nova Scotia,
shall be Warehousing Ports for the warehousing of goods brought by land or by
inland navigation, or imported in British ships.
from
Appointment of Warehouses.—It shall be lawful for the several collectors
and controllers of the said ports respectively, by notice in writing under their
hands, to appoint from time to time such warehouses at such ports respec-
tively as shall be approved of by them for the free warehousing and securing
of goods therein for the purposes of this Act, and also in such notice to declare
what sort of goods may be so warehoused, and also by like notice to revoke
or alter any such appointment or declaration: Provided always, that every
such notice shall he transmitted to the governor of the place, and shall be
published in such manner as he shall direct. 3 & 4 Will. 4, c. 59, § 36.
How Tea may be Imported.—It shall be lawful to import any tea into
the British possessions of America, from the Cape of Good Hope and places
eastward of the same to the Straits of Magellan, or from the United Kingdom,
and not from any other place, in such and the like manner as if the same
were set forth in an Act passed in the present session of parliament to regu-
late the trade of the British possessions abroad. 3 & 4 Will. 4, c. 101, § 2.


PART XIII.] AMERICA.—BRITISH Possessions. 473
Manifest to be produced before clearing out.—Before any ship shall be
cleared out or depart from any place in any of the British possession abroad,
with any goods for the United Kingdom, or for the Isle of Man, the master
of such ship shall produce the manifest to the collector or controller of the
customs, or other proper officer, who shall certify upon the same the date of
the production thereof to him. 3 & 4 Will. 4, c. 52, § 4.
Dutch proprietors may supply their Estates from Holland.—It shall be
lawful for any of the subjects of the King of the Netherlands, being Dutch
proprietors in the colonies of Demerara and Essequibo, and of Berbice, to
import in Dutch ships, from the Netherlands into the said colonies, all the
usual articles of supply for their estates therein, and also wine imported for
the purposes of medicine only, and which shall be liable to a duty of 10s.
per tun, and no more; and in case seizure be made of any articles so im-
ported, upon the ground that they are not such supplies, or are for the pur-
pose of trade, the proof to the contrary shall lie on the Dutch proprietor
importing the same, and not on the seizing officer: Provided that if sufficient
security by bond be given in court to abide the decision of the commission-
ers of the customs upon such seizure, the goods so seized shall be admitted
to entry and released. 3 & 4 Will. 4, c. 59, § 51.
Conditions.—It shall not be lawful for such Dutch proprietors to export the
produce of their estates to the United Kingdom, or to any of His Majesty's
sugar colonies in America, except under the conditions hereinafter provided.
§ 52.
Who deemed Dutch Proprietors, . Proprietors of Estates. Holders of
Mortgages.—All subjects of His Majesty the King of the Netherlands resi-
dent in His said Majesty's European dominions, who were at the date of the
signature of the convention between His late Majesty King George the
Third and the King of the Netherlands, dated Aug. 12, 1815, proprietors of
estates in the said colonies, and all subjects of His said Majesty who may
hereafter become possessed of estates then belonging to Dutch proprietors
therein, and all such proprietors as being then resident in the said colonies,
and being natives of His said Majesty's dominions in the Netherlands, may
have declared, within three months after the publication of the aforesaid con-
vention in the said colonies, that they wish to continue to be considered as
such, and all subjects of His said Majesty the King of the Netherlands, who
may be the holders of mortgage of estates in the said colonies made prior to
the date of the convention, and who may, under their mortgage deeds, have
the right of exporting from the said colonies to the Netherlands the produce
of such estates, shall be deemed Dutch proprietors under the provisions of
this Act: Provided that where both Dutch and British subjects have mort-
gages upon the same property in the said colonies, the produce to be con-
signed to the different mortgagees shall be in proportion to the debts respec-
tively due to them. § 53.
Persons not wishing to be considered Dutch proprietors.-If any such
person shall make and sign a declaration in writing, attested by two credible
witnesses, setting forth that he is desirous and has elected not to be deemed
to be a Dutch proprietor within the meaning of the said Act in respect of
any such estate or º to be mentioned and named in such declara-
tion, and shall cause such declaration to be delivered to the commissioners of
customs, such persons shall thenceforth be no longer nor again be deemed a
Dutch proprietor within the meaning of the said Act in respect of the estate
or mortgage so mentioned in such declaration; and such declaration shall
have effect in respect of any goods the produce of any such estate of
which such person, so far as relates to those goods, was a Dutch proprietor,
although such goods may have been exported from the colony before the
delivering of such declaration as aforesaid. § 54.
Articles from Guernsey and Jersey for Fisheries.—Whereas it is expe-
dient to allow any sort of craft, food, victuals (except spirits), and any sort


PART XIII.] AMERICA.—BRITISH Possessions. 475
UPPER AND LOWER CANADA REUNITED.
By O. C., August 10, 1843, Upper and Lower Canada are reunited.
Principal Ports.-Gaspe, Montreal, New Carlisle, Quebec.
MONTREAL.
HIDDEN ROCKS.
Sept. 24, 1844.
The brig Guide, arrived in the river from Montreal, reports, that off the small
island of Roekal, in lat. 57° 39'N.long. 13°31'W., there are some hidden rocks about
80 to 90 feetin length, and 30 feet in breadth; the main rock on Rockal bearing frons
the outer one W. by N. by compass, distance eight miles. On the 15th of April
sighted Rockal, bearing N.W. by W., with strong gales from S.W., and W. clear
weather. The rocks are bad to discern aloft, and their locality can be seen much
more readily from the deck by the colour of the water.—Cor.
QUEBEC.
LIGHTS AND BUOYS IN THE RIVER ST. LAWRENCE.
Notic E.
Notice is hereby given, that a Revolving Light will be shown from the Tower,
lately erected on South Pillow, on and after the night of the 28th September
instant, during the season of the navigation.
This Light will revolve at regulated intervals of one and a half minutes.
(Signed) LINDSAY and LEMOINE, R. T. H. Q.
Trinity House, Quebec, Sept. 22, 1843.
Notice.
Notice is hereby given, that two new buoys have been placed in the river St.
Lawrence. to mark the Channel between Beaujeu's Bank and Crane Island,
W1z. :—
A White Buoy on the shoal off the south side of Crane Island, in 33 fathoms
low water spring tides, Mr. Macpherson's house bearing north half east, distant
one-third of a mile, and the south side of Crane Island, bearing west south
west. This buoy bears' east half south from the Black Buoy on the south west
end of Beaujeu's Bank.
Another white buoy on the south edge of Goose Island shoal in four fathoms
low water spring tides, about two miles below Mr. Macpherson's house. Onion
Island bearing north-west, and the south side of Crane Island, bearing south-west
by west one quarter west.
Whereby a clear channel will be left, of nearly a quarter of a mile, between the
Black Buoy and the above White Buoys carrying four and a half fathoms, and
which will allow ships at dead low water spring tides to pass up or down without
having occasion to anchor to wait for water over the flats to the southward of
Beaujeau's Bank.
By order of the Board,
(Signed) LINDs.AY and LEMoINE, R. T. H. Q.
Trinity House, Quebec, May 22, 1844.
NoTICE.
A Lighthouse having been erected on the west end of the Island of Biquet, in
the river St. Lawrence, notice is hereby given, that a Revolving Light of the first


476 AMERICA.—BRITIs H. PossessroNs. [1845.
class was shown thereon for the first time on the 9th of August instant; and that the
said Light will continue to be shown every night, from sunset to sunrise, from
the 15th of April to the 15th of December in each year.
The Tower is 70 feet high, and the light stands 130 feet above the level of the
sea, the north-west shoal bearing from it due west a mile and a half.
This Light will revolve at regulated intervals of two minutes.
A nine-pounder gun is placed near the Lighthouse, and will be fired every hour
during foggy weather and snow storms. -
By order,
(Signed) LINDs.AY and DEMoin E, R. T. H. Q.
Trinity House, Quebec, Aug. 16, 1844.
MONEYS.
By 4 and 5 Vict., c. 93, the Par of Exchange is established at 11.4s. 4d. currency per 20s.
sterling.
NEW BRUNSWICK.
Principal Ports.-Miramichi, Restigouche, Richibucto, St. John's, St.
Andrew’s, St. Peter's, Shediac.
BAY OF FUNDY.
The positions of the following places in the Bay of Fundy having been recently
ascertained by astromical observations, have been communicated to the Lieutenant-
Governor by the Honourable Captain Owen, R.N., charged with the survey of the
Bay in Her Majesty's ship Columbia, and are published for general information:
Shadwood Cliff, near Sackville, and Tantamar Marsh, sometimes called Woody
Point, lat. 45° 51' 6", long. 64° 22' 5", war. of compass 19° 30' W.
Amherst Court House, lat. 45° 48' 7", long. 64° 12' 4", var. of compass
19° 30' W.
Dorchester Island, south extremity, M*Almon the pilot's house, lat. 45°53' 35",
long. 64° 33' 4". r
Bend of Peticodiac River, lat. 46° 6' 25", long. 64° 45' 6".
Cape Enrage Light House, lat. 45° 36' 35", long. 64° 46' 6".
Quaco Light House, lat. 45° 19 55", long. 65° 31' 9".
Quaco Ledge, E. and W. 153 fms. by N.S. 50 fims., the centre, lat. 45° 15' 2",
long. 65° 23'25". At low water spring tides, the highest rock is 12 or 14 feet
above water, and as much under the surface at high water; and then in light
winds and smooth it is not visible, and therefore very dangerous.
Isle Hante, centre, lat. 45° 15' 6", long. 55° 0' 6",—Frederickton Royal Gas.
MARINE HOSPITALS.
Extract of a Despatch from Sir W. M. G. Colebrooke to Lord Stanley, dated
Frederickton, New Brunswick, April 24, 1844:—
Marine hospitals have been established at St. John's, St. Andrew's, and some
other seaports, where sick and disabled seamen are received and provided with
every comfort. These establishments are supported from a fund raised on the
shipping frequenting the ports.
NOVA SCOTIA.
Principal Ports.--Arischat, Bedique, Cumberland, Country Harbour,
Douglas, Gysborough, Halifax, Liverpool, La Havre, Manchester, New
Edinburgh, Pictou, Pugwash, Ramshag, Shelburne, Shelbrooke, Sydney
(Cape Breton), Tatmagush, Yarmouth.


PART XIII.] AMERICA.—BRITISH Possessions. 477
CAPE BRETON.
COAL.
GEOI.OGICAL SOCIETY.
May 15, 1844.—The president, Mr. Warburton, in the chair. The following
is an extract from one of the papers read “On the Geology of Cape Breton,”
by Mr. R. Brown, communicated by Mr. Lyell. The newest stratified rocks in
the island of Cape Breton belong to the coal formation. The coal-field of Sydney
occupies an area of 250 square miles, and appears, from the dip of the beds, to be
a portion of a still more extensive field. -
STATE OF MAINE.
[See “AMERICA—UNITED STATEs,” in this Part.]
MONEYS.
The only gold coins current in the province are the doubloon and its parts.
The value of the doubloon is 31. 7s. 2d. sterling. at which rate only it is received
at the Custom-house; but it passes at the Treasury, Excise-office and currently
throughout the province, at 31. 12s. Sterling, equal to 4!. currency—16 dollars.
The silver current coins are the dollar and its parts; four dollars make ll. cur-
rency, and 16 dollars a doubloon.
The English shilling is made by law equal to 1s. 3d. currency, 4s. making a
dollar, its former current value having been 18. 1%d. English crowns and half-
crowns do not bear a proportionate value, passing respectively at only 6s. and 3s.
currency.
Accounts kept.—At the custom-house and military offices accounts are kept in
sterling money; but at the provincial treasury, public offices, and throughout the
province, they are kept in currency.
To reduce sterling into currency, add one-ninth.
To reduce currency into sterling, deduct one-tenth.
WEIGHTS AND MEASURES.
The same as those used in England.
—Porter's Official Tables.
BRITISH WEST INDIES.
Anguilla, Antigua, Bahamas, Barbadoes, Berbice, Bermuua, Demerara,
Dominica, Grenada, Honduras, Jamaica, Montserrat, Nevis, St. Kitt's, St.
Lucia, St. Vincent's, Tobago, Tortola, Trinidad.
As regards our colonies, there is a dawn of better things for them, and they ap-
pear destined soon to emerge from the depression under which they have so long
suffered. There seems to be no doubt it is the intention of Government to pro-
pose to Parliament a loan of 1,500,000l. for the West Indies (upon the same
principle as that formerly granted to Canada), for the purpose of introducing an
extensive supply of economical and effective labour, and after the measure of last
session, some essential relief is imperatively demanded. At Mauritius they have
already obtained a greater number of effective labourers than the colony possessed
before slave emancipation, and the result will soon be apparent in their production
of sugar, which this year will probably reach 45,000 tons, or 15,000 tons more
than that of the last two years. The West Indies, with the projected assistance
from Government, will equally be enabled very considerably to increase their pro-


478 AMERICA.—BRITISH Possessions. [1845.
duce; but with the augmented supply of sugar, consumption must be fostered, or
the measure will be incomplete and abortive. By the official accounts to the 10th
of October, the consumption in the United Kingdom appears to have exceeded that
to the same period in 1843 by 3,700 tons; but as far as can be ascertained it has
fallen off since then, and now only shows an insignificant excess of about 1,500
tons.—Cor., Nov. 9, 1844.
ANTIGUA.
MONEYS.
Gold.
Doubloons, and their proportions of one-half and a quarter, are the only gold
coin in currency. The value generally is 16 dollars, or 71.4s. currency: occa-
sionally they have commanded the price of 71. 8s. currency.
Silver.
The silver coin most in use is the old Spanish piece (Carolus III.) and its half
proportion; the value is 2s. currency. But these having been exported in large
quantities to America, in payment of American merchandise, it was deemed
expedient to import from England British shillings and sixpences; and accordingly
the amount of 4,500l. in these two last coins was imported by the local govern-
ment, and these now form a large proportion of the money in circulation. In
order to prevent their following the Spanish pieces above described to America,
the treasurer has been authorised to issue them at 12; per cent. above par, so that
the English shilling is now current in Antigua for a quarter of a dollar, and the
sixpence at one-eighth of a dollar.
Copper.
For along period there was no copper money except a small debased piece, silver-
washed, of intrinsic value much below its current value. It is termed the dog-
piece, and passes for three half-pence currency, or #d. sterling. These have
latterly given way to British copper money, which, having been issued to the
troops by the commissariat, is by degrees superseding the small thin base metal
piece above described.
British silver (half-crowns, shillings, and sixpences) has been imported to a large
amount from the mother-country; and these, with a small quantity of British
copper money, form the greater part of the present circulation.
Accounts are kept in pounds, shillings, and pence, currency.
WEIGHTS AND MEASURES.
The same as in Great Britain, except the cwt., which contains only 100 ib., and
not 112 ft.—Porter's Official Tables.
BARBADOES.
MONEYS.
Gold.
SPANIsh, CoLUMBIAN, &c.
The Doubloom, or - - - 16 dollar piece
Half ditto
Quarter ditto
Eighth ditto
Sixteenth ditto
:


480 AMERICA.—BRITIs H. Possessions. [1845.
and attentive observation, prompted alike by duty and the heartfelt interest I take
in your welfare, that the present condition of the Island does not afford cause for
despondency or alarm. Jamaica offers attractions to the capitalist such as few
parts of the world present.—LoRD ELGIN's Speech to the Jamaica Assembly at
the opening of the Session, 1844.
THE PLOUGH.
Lord Elgin, the present Governor of Jamaica, is reported as declaring “That
by the substitution of the plough for the hoe, and the introduction of improved
modes of cultivating the land, and manufacturing sugar, fifty per cent more sugar
may be raised than is raised at present.”
STAPLE EXPORTS.
Kingston. Jamaica, Dec. 26, 1844.
An account has been published of the staple exports of the year up to the 10th
of October, 1844, according to which it appears, that during that period 30,930
hogsheads, 4,663 tierces, and 3,243 barrels of sugar were shipped to various desti-
nations, besides 11,512 puncheons, 190 hogsheads, and 193 casks of rum, 92
casks of molasses, 3,692 casks and 1,230 bags of ginger, 88 casks and 12,055
bags of pimento, and 7,148,775 lb. of coffee.—Cor.
MONTSERRAT.
MONEY S.
Gold.—Joes according to their weight. Doubloons and parts thereof.
Silver.—British at its sterling value brought into currency at 100 per cent.
exchange. Spanish dollars and cut money. Dollars and other Spanish coin were
cut by order of the legislature.
CoIN AND PAPER CURRENCY in circulation.—Coin, about 10,000l. sterling;
paper currency, none.
Accounts kept in pounds, shillings, and pence.
WEIGHTS AND MEASURES.
The Custom House standard weights, steelyards, and poise, brass scales and
weights. Articles are purchased and sold by the 100 lb. instead of cwt. The old
standard measure is used, being about one-sixth below the imperial measure.-
Porter’s Official Tables.
NEWIS.
MONEYS.
All British coins pass at the nominal rate of exchange, or par, 200 per cent.
Currency. Sterling.
Gold. £ s. d. # s. d.
A Sixteen-Dollar Piece or Doubloon - ... = 7 4 0 or 3 12 0
Eight -> Half-Doubloon = 3 12 0 1 16 0
Four y: Quarter-Doubloon = 1 16 0 0 18 0
Two -> 7-y = 0 18 0 0 9 0
One x - * > = 0 9 0 0 .4 6
8ilver.
A Seventy-two Dog, or Dollar - - = 0 9 0 0 4 6
Thirty-six . , Six-bit piece, or half-a-dollar = 0 4 6 0 2 3
Thirty-two ,, Five-bit and Two-dog or two-
sheedie piece . - = 0 4 0 0 , 2 . .0


482 AMERICA. —BRITIsh Possessions. I1845.
three farthings sterling, 72 being equal to a Spanish dollar. The bit is a nominal
coin, value 4 d. sterling. The current value of the English coin is regulated by
the Governor's proclamation.—Porter's Official Tables.
S T. L. UC I A.
SUGAR AND COFFEE EXPORTED.
St. Lucia, Jan. 23, 1844.
The export of sugar from St. Lucia last year was 5,095,195 th: against
6,405,365 lb. in 1842. Coffee showed a greater decline, the exports last year
being only 26,795 lb. against 144,441 lb. in 1842.-Cor. - - -
MONEYS. -
Sovereigns, since the payment of the Compensation Money, have been in
general use.—Porter's Official Tables.
WEIGHTS AND MEASURES.
The same as in England.
TRINIDAD.
NEWLY DISCOVERED ABORIGINES.
It is stated in accounts from the West Indies, that in taking a census in Trinidad
two encampments of aboriginal Indians were discovered, belonging to a race per-
fectly distinct from any hitherto known.—Lit. Gaz. Sept. 7, 1844.
FOREIGN WEST INDIES.
Principal Ports.-Hayti, Cuba, Porto Rico, Guadaloupe, Martinique,
Curaçoa, St. Bartholomew, St. Martin, St. Thomas, Cayenne, Surinam,
St. Croix, Puerto Arenas. -
HAYTI.
FREE PORTS.
Decree by THE PRovision AL Gover NMENT of HAYTI,
DATED APRIL 17, 1843.
Art. 1. The ports of St. Marc, Port de Paix, Aquin, Miragonne, and
Anse d'Hainault, are free and open to foreign commerce.
RELATIONS WITH WEST INDIES.
By decree, dated April 12, 1843, the maritime and commercial relations
are made free between Hayti and the West India Islands with whom they
trade.
By O. C., August 23, 1843, it shall be lawful for vessels to import from the territories of
the Republic of Hayti, into any of the British possessions abroad, goods the produce of the
said territories of the Republic of Hayti, and to export goods from such possessions, to be
carried into any foreign country whatever. Provided, that nothing herein contained shall
be construed to prevent the vessels of the Republic of Hayti from trading with any of the
British possessions in Europe, to such extent and in such manner as they lawfully may
under the laws of navigation now in force. Provided further, that nothing hereinbefore
contained shall extend or *P. to the possessions of the East India Company. Provided
always, that the privileges hereby, granted shall be confined to vessels of the Republic of
Hayti, built, owned, and navigated as required by the British laws of navigation for the
time being in force. . -


PART XIII.] AMERICA.—For EIGN Possessions. 483
CUBA.
Principal Ports, being Ports of Entry.—Havannah, Cuba, Neuvitas,
Matanzas, Trinidad, Baracoa, Gibara, Cienfuegos, Manzanillo, San Espiritu,
Santa Cruz, San Juan.
CUSTOMS RULES.
July 30, 1844.
Official notification from the Department of State, of the adoption by the
authorities of Cuba, of the following rules to be observed in all the Custom-houses
of the island.—
1. Every box of sugar, exported under the national flag, shall pay a duty of 5
reals, and those under a foreign flag of 6 reals.
2. Every quintal of coffee shall pay in all cases 3 reals under the national flag,
for a port of the nation ; 4 reals under the Spanish flag, for a foreign port; and
4; reals under a foreign flag for a foreign port.
3. Molasses and rum are declared free from all duty.
4. Wessels going out laden completely with molasses shall moreover enjoy
freedom from tonnage duty.
5. Vessels which take on board more than 1,000 cases of sugar shall pay as
tonnage duty at the rate of six cents per ton of measurement of foreign, and 2%
reals of Spanish.
6. Vessels which take on board more than 2,000 bags of coffee and more than
300 pipes of rum shall enjoy the same advantages.
LATEST ACCOUNTS.
Havannah, Oct. 29, 1844.
Sugars have advanced fully 1 to 1% rs; sales to-day of Cocoruchos were at 5%
to 5% rs., that two weeks ago brought 4} rs. ; even common quality whites sold
for 93 rs. The reason for this rise may be found in the fact that it has been well
ascertained that the damage caused to the cane by the late hurricane has been very
great; and no chance exists of any new crop coming in before, say the latter part of
next February. The drought and the hurricane have done their work, and much
distress already exists among the planters and smaller Sitio-holders. Owing to the
late edict of the superintendent, relative to the free imports of certain American
articles, our market has become glutted with every thing like corn or grain, corn,
meal, and rice. Lumber, shingles, &c., might yet do well.—Cor.
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA.
ENvoy ExTRAoRDINARY AND MINISTER PLENI Potex.TIARY.
EDWARD EVERETT.
SECRETARY of LEGATION.
FRANCIS ROBERT RIVES.
46, Grosvenor-place, Pimlico.
CoNsu Ls &c., IN THE BRITISH DoxiiNIoxs.
COLONEL ASPINWALL,
Consul for London, &c. Office No. 1, Bishopsgate Churchyard.
CoNSULs. -
Belfast—James Shaw. Dublin—Thomas Wilson.
Bristol—Francis B. Ogden. Dundee—Edward Baxter.
Cork—John Murphy. Falmouth—Robert W. Fox.
Cowes—Jos. Rodney Croskey. Galway—Michael Kennedy.
2 I 2


484 AMERICA.—UNITED STATEs. [1845.
Glasgow–Thomas M. Guire. Liverpool—Joel W. White. -
Kingston upon Hull–Joshua Garsed, jun. Londonderry—James McHenry.
Leeds—Albert Davy. Plymouth—Thomas W. Fox.
Leith—Robert Grieve.
Vice-CoNsuls.
Deal—Edward Iggulden. Neurcastle–Matthew Plummer.
J)orer—Henshaw Latham. Ramsgate—Edward Hodges.
Greenock—J. Little. Waterford–Thomas S. Harvey.
Llanelly—R. Dunkin. Harmonth—Isaac Preston.
Margate—William Cobb, Jun.
AGENTs.
Harwich—J. Sansum. Sheffield—F. Fenton.
Newport (Mon.)—W. Reynolds. Woodsłocł—W. Carter.
Penzance—R. Pearce.
EAST INDIES.
Bombay—Q. C. Alexander. Sincapore—John Balestier.
IN AND NEAR EUROPE AND AFRICA.
Cape Town (Cape Good Hope)— Malta–William W. Andrews.
Isaac Chase. Balearic Islands—O. Rich.
Gibraltar—Horatio Sprague.
NORTH AMERICA.
Halifar (N.S.)—T. B. Livingston. Sidney (N.S.)—C. H. Delavan.
Pictou (N.S.)—James Primrose. St. John's (N.B.)—Israel D. Andrews.
WEST INDIES.
Bermuda—W. T. Tucker. Nassau (Bahamas)—Timothy Darling.
Barbadoes—W. R. Hayes. Trinidad (Island of)—W. Macomb.
Kingston (Jamaica)—R. M. Harrison. Turks Island—John Arthur.
SOUTH AMERICA.
Demerara (British Guiana)—Moses Benjamin.
AUSTRALIA.
Sidney (N. S. W.)—James H. Williams.
CoMMERCIAL AGENTs.
St. Christopher and Antigua—Richard Port Louis (Mauritius)—W. H. H.
S. Higinbotham. Griffiths.
St. Helena—William Carroll.
Convention of Commerce between Great Britain and the United States of America,
signed at London, the 3rd July, 1815.
Article 1. Reciprocal Commerce.—There shall be between all the territories of His Britannic
Majesty in Europe, and the territories of the United States, a reciprocal liberty of commerce.
The inhabitants of the two countries respectively shall have liberty freely and securely to come
with their . and cargoes to all such places, ports, and rivers in the territories aforesaid, to
which other foreigners are permitted to come, to enter into the same, and to remain and reside
in any parts of the said territories respectively: also to hire and occupy houses and warehouses
for the purposes of their commerce; and generally the merchants and traders of each nation re-
spectively shall enjoy the most º protection and security for their commerce; but subject
always to the laws and statutes of the two countries º
2. Duties, &c.—No higher or other duties shall be imposed on the importation into the terri-
tories of His Britannic Majesty in Europe of any articles, the growth, produce, or manufacture
of the United States, and no higher, or other duties shall be imposed on the importation into -
the United States, of any articles, the growth, produce, or manufacture of His Britannic -
Majesty's territories in Europe, than are or shall §. payable on the like articles, being the


PART XIII.] AMERICA.—UNITED STATEs. 485
growth, produce, or manufacture of any other foreign country, nor shall any higher or other
duties or charges be imposed in either of the two countries on the exportation of any articles to
His Britannic Majesty's territories in Europe, or to the United States respectively, than such as
are payable on the exportation of the like articles to any other foreign country; nor shall any
prohibition be imposed upon the exportation or importation of any articles the growth, produce,
or manufacture of the United States or of His Britannic Majesty's territories in Europe, to or
from the said territories of His Britanmic Majesty in Europe, or to or from the said United States,
which shall not equally extend to all other nations.
No higher or other duties or charges shall be imposed in any of the ports of the United States
on British vessels, than those payable in the same ports by vessels of the United States; nor in
the ports of any of His Britannic Majesty’s territories in Europe on the vessels of the United
States, than shall be payable in the same ports on British vessels.
The same duties shall be paid on the importation into the United States of any articles, the
growth, produce, or manufacture of His Britannic Majesty's territories in Europe, whether such
importation shall be in vessels of the United States, or in British vessels, and the same duties
shall be paid on the importation into the ports of any of His Britannic Majesty’s territories in
Europe, of any article, the growth, produce, or manufacture of the United States, whether such
importation shall be in British vessels or in vessels of the United States.
The same duties shall be paid and the same bounties allowed, on the exportation of any articles,
the growth, produce, or manufacture of His Britannic Majesty’s territories in Europe to the
United States, whether such exportation shall be in vessels of the United States, or in British
vessels; and the same duties shall be paid and the same bounties allowed, on the exportation of
any article, the growth, produce, or manufacture of the United States, to His Britannic Majesty’s
territories in Europe, whether such exportation shall be in British vessels, or in vessels of the
United States.
Drawbacks,—It is further agreed, that in all cases where drawbacks are or may be allowed,
upon the re-exportation of any goods, the growth, produce, or manufacture of either country re-
spectively, the amount of the said drawbacks shall be the same, whether the said goods shall have
been originally imported in a British or American vessel; but when such re-exportation shall take
place from the United States in a British vessel, or from the territories of His Britannic Majesty
in Europe in an American vessel, to any other foreign nation, the two contracting parties reserve
to themselves, respectively, the right of regulating or diminishing, in such case, the amount of
the said drawback.
West Indies.—The intercourse between the United States and His Britannic Majesty's pos-
sessions in the West Indies, and on the continent of North America, shall not be affected by any
of the provisions of this article, but each party shall remain in the complete possession of its
rights, with respect to such an intercourse. -
3. East Indies.—His Britannic Majesty agrees that the vessels of the United States of America
shall be admitted, and hospitably received, at the principal settlements of the British dominions
in the East Indies, viz., Calcutta, Madras, Bombay, and Prince of Wales’s Island, and that the
citizens of the said United States may freely carry on trade between the said principal settlements
and the said United States, in all articles of which the importation and exportation respectively,
to and from the said territories, shall not be entirely prohibited; provided only, that it shall not
be lawful for them in any time of war, between the British government and any state or power
whatever, to export from the said territories, without the special permission of the British govern-
ment, any military stores, or naval stores, or rice. The citizens of the United States shall pay
for their vessels, when admitted, no higher or other duty or charge than-shall be payable on the
vessels of the most favoured European nations, and they shall pay no higher or other duties or
charges on the importation or exportation of the cargoes of the said vessels, than shall be pay-
able on the same articles when imported or exported in the vessels of the most favoured European
nations.
But it is expressly agreed, that the vessels of the United States shall not carry any articles from
the said principal settlements to any port or place, except to some port or place in the United
States in America, where the same shall be unladen.
China, Cape of Good Hope, St. Helena, &c.—It is also understood, that the permission
granted by this article is not to extend to allow the vessels of the United States to carry on any
part of the coasting trade of the said British territories, but the vessels of the United States having,
in the first instance, proceeded to one of the said principal settlements of the British dominions
in the East Indies, and them going with their original eargoes or any part thereof, from one of
the said principal settlements to another, will not be considered as carrying on the coasting trade.
The vessels of the United States may also touch for refreshments, but not for commerce, in the
course of their voyage to or from the British territories in India, or to or from the dominions of
the Emperor of China, at the Cape of Good Hope, the Islands of St. Helena, or such other places
as may be in the possession of Great Britain, in the African or Indian seas; it being well
understood that in all that regards this article, the citizens of the United States shall be sub-
ject in all respects to the laws and regulations of the British Government from time to time
established. - -
4. Consuls.-It shall be free for each of the two contracting F. respectively to appoint
consuls for the protection of trade, to reside in the dominions and territories of the other party;
but before any consul shall act as such, he shall in the usual form be approved and admitted by
the government to which he is sent; and it is hereby declared, that in case of illegal and impro-
per conduct towards the laws or government of the country to which he is sent, such consul may
either be punished according to law, if the laws will reach the case, or be sent back, the offended
government assigning to the other the reasons for the same. -
It is hereby declared, that either of the contracting parties may except from the residence of
consuls such particular places as such party shall judge fit to be so excepted.
5. Duration.—This convention, when the same shall have been duly ratified by His Britannic
Majesty and by the President of the United States, by and with the advice and consent of their
senate, and the respective ratifications mutually exchanged, shall be binding and obligatory on
His Majesty and on the said United States for four years from the date of its signature; and the


486 AMERICA.—UNITED STATEs. [1845.
ratifications shall be exhanged in six months from this time, or sooner if possible. [See Article
4, below.] -
Done at London, the 3d Julo, 1815. FRED. J. Robinson.
HENRY Goulburn.
WILLIAM ADAMs. .
JoBN Q. ADAM.
H. CLAY.
ALBERT GALATIN.
Concention between Great Britain and the United States of America, signed
at London, the 20th October, 1818.
Article 1. Fishery.—Whereas differences have arisen respecting the liberty claimed by the
United States, for the inhabitants thereof to take, dry, and cure fish, on certain coasts, bays,
harbours, and creeks, of His Britannic Majesty’s dominions in America, it is agreed between
the high contracting parties, that the inhabitants of the said United States shall have, for ever,
in common with the subjects of His Britannic Majesty, the liberty to take fish of every kind,
on that part of the coast of Newfoundland, which extends from Cape Ray to the Rameau
Islands, on the western and northern coasts of Newfoundland, from the said Cape Ray to the
Quirpon Islands, on the shores of the Magdalen Islands, and also on the coasts, bays, harbours,
and creeks, from Mount Joly, on the southern coast of Labrador, to and through the Straits of
Beleisle, and thence northwardly indefinitely along the coast, without prejudice, however, to
any of the exclusive rights of the Hudson Bay Company: and that the American fishermen
shall also have liberty, for ever, to dry and cure fish in any of the unsettled bays, harbours,
and creeks of the southern part of the coast of Newfoundland, and of the coast of Labrador;
but so soon as the same, or any portion thereof, shall be settled, it shall not be lawful for the
said fishermen to dry or cure fish, without previous agreement for such purpose, with the in-
habitants, proprietors, or possessors of the ground. And the United States hereby renounce,
for ever, any liberty heretofore enjoyed or claimed by the inhabitants thereof, to take, dry, or
cure fish, on or within three marine miles of any of the coasts, bays, creeks, or harbours of
His Britannic Majesty’s dominions in America, not included within the above-mentioned
limits; provided, however, that the American fishermen shall be permitted to enter such.
bays or harbours, for the purpose of shelter and of repairing damages therein, of purchasing
wood, and of obtaining water, and for no other purpose whatever. But they shall be under such
restrictions as may be meccssary to prevent their taking, drying, or curing fish therein, or in any
other manner abusing the privileges hereby reserved to them,
2. Limits.-It is agreed that a line drawn from the most north-western point of the Lake of the
Woods, along the forty-ninth parallel of north latitude, or of the said point shall not be in the
forty-ninth parallel of north latitude, then that a line drawn from the said point due north or
south, as the case may be, until the said line shall intersect the said parallel of north latitude,
and from the point of such intersection due west along and with the said parallel, shall be the
line of demarcation between the territories of the United States and those of His Britannic
Majesty, and that the said line shall form the northern boundary of the said territories of the
United States, and the southern boundary of the territories of His Britannic Majesty, from the
Lake of Woods to the Stony Mountains.
3. North-west Coast.—It is agreed that any country that may be claimed by either party on
the north-west coast of America, westward of the Stony Mountains, shall, together with its
harbours, bays, and creeks, and the navigation of all rivers within the same, be free and open,
for the term of ten years from the date of the signature of the present convention, to the vessels,
citizens, and subjects of the two powers: it being well understood, that this agreement is not to
be construed to the prejudice of any claim which either of the two high contracting parties may
have to any part of the said country, nor shall it be taken to affect the claims of any other power
or state to any part of the said country, the only object of the high contracting parties, in that
respect, being to prevent disputes and differences among themselves.
4. Former Treaty.—All the provisions of the convention to “regulate the commerce between
the territories of the United States and of His Britannic Majesty, concluded at London,” on
the 3d of July, in the year of our Lord 1815, with the exception of the clause which limited its
duration to four years, and excepting, also, so far as the same was affected by the declaration of
His Majesty respecting the Island of St. Helena, are hereby extended and continued in force for
the term often years,” from the date of the signature of the present convention, in the same
manner as if all the provisions of the said convention were herein specially recited.
5. Restitution.—Whereas it was agreed, by the first article of the Treaty of Ghent, that “all
territory, places, and possessions whatsoever, taken by either party from the other during the
war, or which may be taken after the signing of this treaty, excepting only the islands hereinafter
mentioned, shall be restored without delay, and without causing any destruction, or carrying
away any of the artillery, or other public property originally captured in the said forts or places,
which shall remain therein, upon the exchange of the ratifications of this treaty, or any slaves,
or other private property,’’—and whereas, under the aforesaid article, the United States claim
for their citizens, and as their private property, the restitution of, or full compensation for, all
slaves, who, at the date of the exchange of the ratifications of the said treaty, were in anyter-
ritory, place, or possessions whatsoever, directed by the said treaty to be restored to the United
States, but then still º: by the British forces, whether such slaves were, at the date afore-
said, on shore, or on board any British vessel, lying in waters within the territory or jurisdiction
of the United States; and whereas differences have arisen, whether by the true intent and
meaning of the aforesaid article of the Treaty of Ghent, the United States are entitled to the
restoration of, or full compensation for all or any slaves, as above described, the high contracting
* By Convention in 1827 extended and indefinitely continued on twelve months' notice by
either party, -


PART XIII.] AMERICA.—UNITED STATEs. 487
arties hereby agree to refer the said differences to some friendly sovereign or state, to be named
or that purpose; and the high contracting parties further engage to consider the decision of
such friendly sovereign or state to be final and conclusive on all the matters referred.
6. Ratification.—This convention, when the same shall have been duly ratified by the Pre-
sident of the United States, by and with the advice and consent of their senate, and by His
Britannic Majesty, and the respective ratifications mutually exchanged, shall be binding and
obligatory on the said United States, and on His Majesty; and the ratifications shall be ex-
changed in six months from this date, or sooner, if possible.
In witness whereof the respective plenipotentiaries have signed the same, and have thereunto
affixed the seal of their arms.
Dome at London, the 20th October, 1818. ALBERT GALATIN.
RICHARD RUSH.
FREDERICK JoHN Rod INso N.
HENRY Go ULBURN.
[Ratified by the President of the United States, January 30, 1819].
STATE OF MAINE.
Produce of the Forest, and Agricultural Produce of those Parts of the State of
Maine, watered by the River St. John and its Tributaries.—Whereas a Treaty
has been concluded between Her Majesty and the United States of America,
dated the 9th August, 1842, whereby it is stipulated, that all the produce of the
Forest, in logs, lumber, timber, timber boards, staves, or shingles, or of agriculture,
not being manufactured, grown on any of those parts of the State of Maine watered
by the river St. John or by its tributaries, of which fact reasonable evidence shall,
if required, be produced, shall have free access into and through the said river and
its said tributaries, having their source within the State of Maine, to and from the
seaport at the mouth of the river St. John, and to and round the Falls of the said
river, either by boats, rafts, or other conveyance, that when within the province of
New Brunswick, the said produce shall be dealt with as if it were the produce of
the said province: And whereas it is the intention of the high contracting parties
to the said treaty that the aforesaid produce should be dealt with as if it were the
produce of the province of New Brunswick, it is therefore enacted, that the
produce in the said recited treaty, shall, so far as regards all laws relating to
duties, navigation, and customs in force in the United Kingdom, or in any of Her
Majesty's dominions, be deemed to be and be dealt with as the produce of the
province of New Brunswick: Provided that in all cases in which declarations and
certificates of production or origin and certificates of clearance would be required
in respect of such produce, if it were the produce of New Brunswick, similar
declarations and certificates shall be required in respect of such produce, and shall
state the same to be the produce of those parts of the State of Maine which are
watered by the river St. John or by its tributaries, 6 & 7 Vict. c. 84, § 23,
Aug. 22, 1843.
By O. C., July 16, 1827, whereas by an order in Council of July 27, 1826, after reciting that the
conditions in the Act 3 & 4 Will. 4, c. 51 [page 40], had not in all respects been fulfilled by the
government of the United States of America, and that, therefore, the privileges granted by the
law of navigation to foreign ships could not lawfully be exercised or enjoyed by the ships of the
United States, unless His Majesty, by His Order in Council, should grant the whole or any of
such privileges to the ships of the United States, and that His Majesty did deem it expedient to
grant to the ships of the said United States such of the said privileges as were thereinafter men-
tioned, His Majesty did, in pursuance and exercise of the powers and authorities in him vested
by the said Act, declare and grant, that it was and should be lawful for the ships of the United
States to import into any of the British possessions abroad, from the said United States, goods,
the produce of the United States, and not enumerated in the table of prohibitions and restric-
tions in the Act contained, and to export goods from such British possessions abroad to be carried
to any forcign country whatever; provided always, that such goods so imported should be subject
to the payment of the duties imposed by the said Act; provided also, and His Majesty did
further declare, that the privileges so granted to the ships of the United States, so far as re-
spected the British possessions in the West Indies and on the Continent of South America, and
so far as respected the Bahama Islands and the Bermuda or Somer Islands, and so far as re-
spected His Majesty’s settlements in the island of Newfoundland and the several islands belong-
ing to and dependent on those settlements, should absolutely cease upon and from the 1st Dec.
1826; and it was further provided, and His Majrsty did further declare, that the privileges so
granted to the ships of d. United States, so far as respected the British possessions on the
western coast of Africa, should absolutely cease upon and from the said day; and it was further
provided, that the privileges so granted to the ships of the United States, so far as respected
the colony of the Cape of Good Hope and the islands, settlements, and territories belonging
thereto and dependent thereupon, and so far as respected the island of Mauritius and the several
islands and territories belonging thereto or dependent thereupon, and so far as respected the


PART XIII.] AMERICA.—UNITED STATEs. 489
TARIFF-continued.
Iron—continued. Cents. Cents.
,, cables, chains, and parts, lbs. 2; Books, if published abroad
2 y Anchors, do. . 2% more than 1 year, and not
,, Anvils, do. - - 2} re-published in the United
,, Blacksmith's hammers, States, or if published
&c., do. - . 2} abroad more than 5 years
,, Casting vessels, &c. do. 1} before importation, then
,, All others, do. - l only half above rates to be
,, Round and brazier rods, charged—said terms not
3-16 to 10-16 dia., do. 2; to commence before pas-
* > S. º º - # tº: Act (30th August,
,, Sheep or hoop, do. 5. -
3 * Band, &c. .do. 9 dº — Latin or Greek, bound, lb. 15
, , in pigs, ton * -n - 7 y unbound, do. 13
,, old scrap, do. ... 10.00 — Hebrew, bound, do. y ... • 10
,, bar rolled, do. . 25.00 ,, unbound, do. . '8
,, , , hammered, do. . 17.00 All Books in foreign lan-
Hemp, Russian, and Italian, guages, except Latin,
Mºi S e d oth 40.00 . ºna Hebrew, F.
anilla. unn, an er ound, vol. - - * O.
Indian Jute, Sisal, and Sheets, or Pamphlets, lb. . . 15
Coir, do. - . 25.00 —Greek, Latin, Hebrew, and
Codilla, do., do. . 20.00 English, printed 40 years
Alum, cwt. • . 1.50 prior to importation, vol. 5
Copperas, do. - 2.00 Reports of Legislative Com-
Wheat flour, do. - .70 cts. mittees, Polyglots, Lexi-
Salt, 56 lb. - .8 cons, and Dictionaries, lb. 5
Coal, ton, - . $1.75 Books of Engravings and
Wheat, bushel . .25 Plates, Maps, and Charts,
º: do. d - - º bound or unbound, adval. 20pr.ct
otatoes, do. - - Apothecaries vials, under
Paper, bank, folio, quarto, ". OZ., gr. • . 1.75
post, letter, and * 17 do. 6 to 16 oz., do. 2:25
note, - - - Demijohns, in capaci l
Antiquarian, demy, elephant, º or less, º ty, s • 15
foolscap, and writing, do .15 # gal. to 3 gallons, do. . .30
Copperplate, blotting, copy- Exceeding 3 gallons, do. . '50
ing, fancy coloured, mar- Glass bottles to 1 qt., gr. . 3:00
ble, glass, sand, paste- Glass bottles over 1 qt., gr. 4'00
board, tissue, and gold and Playing Cards, pack . 25
silver paper, do. . .12% Window Glass, cylinder or
Coloured copper-plate and l broad, not exceeding 8 in.
printing, do. • .10 by 10 in. square foot .. 2
Binders and printers' boards, y ,, 10 in. by 12 do. 2;
box boards, mill boards, Above 12, not exceeding
sheathing, wrapping, and 14 in. by 10 do. 3%
cartridge paper, do. .3 3 y 16 11 do. "4
Envelopes, fancy note, adval. 30pr.ct 5 * 18 12 do. 5
Music paper, paper snuff- Exceeding 18 12 do. 6
boxes, and other fancy pa- Crown Window—
per boxes, ad val, . 25pr.ct Not ex. 10 in. by 8 do. 3%
Paper hangings . . 35pr.ct 5 * 10 12 do. 5
Blank or visiting card, lb. 12 cts. * * 14 10 do. 6
Parchment and wellum, ad 3 * 16 11 do. 7
wal. - - 25pr.ct > * 18 12 do. 8
Books, blank, unbound, lb. .15 cts. All excd. 18 12 do. “10
Do. do. bound, do. .25 Plate Glass, not silvered, and
Do. in the English language, mot excd. 12 in. by 8 do. 5
sheets, or boards, do. . .20 7 7 14 10 do. 7
Do. in the English language, * * 16 11 do. •8
bound, do. - .30 > * 18 12 do. 10


490 AMERICA.—UNITED STATEs.. [1845.
TARIFF-continued.
Glass, continued. Cents.
not ex. 22 in. by 14 do.sq.ft. “12 :
All beyond 22 by 14 ad. ca. 30prict
If silvered, an addition of do. 20pr.ct
If franced, do. - . .30pr.ct
On all broad glass, weighing i
over 183 lb. per 100 sq. -
feet: and on Crown glass,
weighing over 160 lb. per
100 sq. feet, an additional
duty on the excess, at the
same rate as above. :
Fish, dried or smoked, per
quintal - . 1:00
,, Salmon, barrel . 2:00
,, Mackrel, do. . 1'50
,, All other, do. . 1'00
Shoes and Slippers, silk, pair 30 i
Shoes, prunella, do. ... •25
... leather, &c. do. . .30 :
,, children's, do. . 15
Boots and Bootees, do. . 1:25
Wool cots, at place of ex-
portation, 7 cents or under
ad valorem - - 5pr.ct
,, Over 7 cts., 3 cts. Ib. :
and do. - . .30pr.ct
Woollen yarns . . 36pr.ct
Merino Shawls - . 40 pr.ct
Cloths and Cassimeres . 40pr.ct
Other Woollen manufactures 39pr.ct
Clothes ready made . 50pr.ct
Glass, cut, lb. - 25 to 45
,, plain and other, do. 10
Silk goods, pongee and plain
white, do. - . 1:50
All other, do. - . 2'50
Watches, Diamonds, & parts
of Watches . .7%pr.ct
Gems, Pearls, &c. .7 pr.ci
Molasses, 43 mills per lb.,
instead of 5 cts. per gallon.
Wines, Madeira in casks, and
other white wines of Por-
tugal, gallon - . .7%pr.ct
Do. do. in bottles, do. 15
Sherry, San Lucar and Ca-
nary, casks or bottles, do. 60
Red Wines of Portugal, in
casks, do. - . .6
do. do. in bottles, do. 15
Wine, Champagne, gallon 40
Burgundy and Claret, in bot-
tles, do. - . 35
Claret in casks, do. - 6
Teneriffe, do., or bottles . 20
,, white wines, not enume-
rated, of France, Austria,
Prussia, Sardinia, in casks,
do. 7%
do. bottles, do. .20
Wine, continued. Cents.
Red of do., casks, gal. . . . .6
do. do., bottles, do. . . 20
White and red of Spain, Ger-
many, and the Mediter-
ranean, not enumerated,
in casks, do. - . '12%
do. do., bottles, do. . 20
Marsala, do. do. ... •25.
Other Wines of Sicily, do. 15.
All other Wines, and other
than those of France, Aus-
... tria, Prussia, Sardinia, and
Portugal, in bottles, do. 65
do. do., casks, do. 25
Brandy, do. - $1.00
Other Spirits from grain, 1st
and 2d proof, do. ... '60
3 ,, do. ... •65.
4 ,, do. . -70
5 ,, do. . .75
All above 5th, do. . -90
Raw Hides, dried or salted,
ad valorem - . 5pr.ct
Skins, pickled and in casks,
not specified, ad vaſorem 20pr.ct
Furs, on the skin dressed 25
* > undressed 5pr.ct
,, liatters’, dressed or
undressed not on the 25pr.ct
skin -
,, manufactures of, not
specified - . 35pr.ct
Clocks - - 25pr.ct
Chronometers - . 20pr.ct
Woollen and worsted yarn 30pr.ct
Woollen hosiery - 30pr.ct
Furniture oil cloth, made on
Canton or cotton flannel,
sq. yds. - . 16 cts.
,, of linen silk, or other
materials used for hat
covers, aprons, coach
curtains, or similar
purposes, sq. yd. 12}cts.
Rags, lb. - - 1.
Cocoa, lb. - - 1°
Raisins, Muscatel and bloom,
lb w
Do. other kinds, lb. . 2
Silk, sewing twist, &c., lb. 32.00
,, raw, lb. - . 50
,, and worsted, ad val. 30pr.ct
Worsted stuffs, do. . 30pr.ct
Cotton, unmanufactured, lb. 3 cts.
Do. on all manufactures
of, not otherwise speci-
ficd, lb. - - 30pr.ct
Provided all manufactures of -
cotton, or of which cotton -


PART XIII.] AMERICA.—UNITED STATEs. 491
TARIFF-continued.
Cotton, continued. Cents. Cents,
shall be a component part,
not dyed, coloured, printed
or stained, not exceeding in
value 20 cents; a square
yard shall be valued at 20
cents a square yard, and if
dyed, &c., in whole or part,
not exceeding in value 30
cents a square yard, shall
square yard, and duty paid
thereon accordingly.
All cotton, twist, yarn, or
thread, unbleached and
uncoloured, the value of
which, at the place whence
imported, shall be less than
60 cents per lb., shall be
valued at 60 cents, and
be valued at 30 cents a charged with a duty of 25pr.ct
square yard, excepting All bleached or coloured
velvets, cords, moleskins, twist, yarn, and thread,
fustians, buffalo cloths, or the value of which, at the
goods manufactured by place whence imported,
napping or raising, cut- shall be less than 75 cents
ting, or shearing, not ex- per lb., shall be valued at
ceeding in value 35 cents 75 cents per lb., and pay
the square yard, shall be a duty of . - 25pr.ct
valued at 35 cents the All other • . 30pr.ct
DUTY FREE.
The following list comprises all the important articles to be admitted duty
free :—
1. All articles imported for the use of the United States.
2. All goods the product of the United States exported and brought back, and
books, and personal, and household effects of citizens of the United States dying
abroad.
3. Paintings and statuary, the productions of American artists residing abroad.
4. Wearing apparel in actual use, and other personal effects, and tools of trade
of persons arriving in the United States.
5. Philosophical apparatus, instruments, books, maps, and charts, statues,
statuary, busts and casts of marble bronze and alabaster or plaister of Paris,
paintings, drawings, engravings, etchings, specimens of sculpture, cabinets of
coins, medals, gems, and all other collections of antiquities, provided the same be
specially imported in good faith for the use (and by the order) of any society in-
corporated or established for philosophical or literary purposes, or for the use and
by the order of any college, academy, school, or seminary of learning in the United
States.
6. Anatomical preparations, models of machinery, and of other inventions and
improvements in the arts, specimens in matural history, mineralogy, and botany,
trees, shrubs, plants, bulbs, or roots, and garden seeds, not otherwise specified,
berries, nuts, and vegetables, used principaliy in dyeing or composing dyes; all
dye-woods in stick, whale, and other fish oils of American fisheries, and all other
articles the produce of said fisheries, animals imported for breed, fish fresh caught,
imported for daily consumption, fruit, green or ripe, from the West Indies in
bulk; tea and coffee when imported in American vessels from the place of their
rowth.
§ 7. Adhesive felt for sheathing vessels, aloes, antimony, crude argol, assafoetida,
avaroot, barilla, bark of cork tree unmanufactured, bells or bell metal old, only
fit to be re-manufactured, and chimes of bells, brass in pigs or bars, and old brass,
Brazil wood, crude brimstone, and flour of sulphur, bullion, burr stones un-
wrought, cochineal, coins and gold, and silver, copper imported in any shape for
the use of the Mint, copper in pigs or bar, and copper ore, old copper, and cream
of tartar, flints, gold, bullion, and ground flints, gold epaulettes, and grindstones,
gum Arabic, gum Senegal, gum tragacanth, India rubber, oakum, lac dye, leeches,
maddar, mother of pearl, nickel, nux vomica, palm leaf manufactured, palm oil,
Peruvian bark, platina, ivory, plaster of Paris, rattans and reeds, saltpetre when
crude, sarsaparilla, shellac, silver epaulettes and wings, stones, stones called
rotten.


492 AMERICA.—UNITED STATEs. - [1845.
TARIFF–continued.
OTHER DUTIES.
The duties are imposed by the first nine sections of the law:—
Section 10 enacts that on all unenumerated articles shall be imposed a duty of
20 per cent. ad ralorem.
Section 11—an additional 10 per cent. shall be levied on all goods which shall
be imported in vessels not of the United States, when no specific discrimination
is made by the Bill, and 10 per cent. additional on all goods brought from beyond
the Cape of Good Hope in foreign vessels, provided no treaty stipulations be
infringed thereby.
Section 12—all duties shall be paid in cash, or the goods will be sold after sixty
days' detention.
Section 13 prescribes the method of selling and means for the owner to recover
the overplus.
3. DRAWBACK.
Section 14 allows a drawback on foreign sugars refined in and exported from
the United States equal in the amount to the duty paid on the foreign sugar of five
cents per gal. on spirits distilled from foreign molasses till 1843, when it shall be
only four, and annually reduced one cent.
Section 15 enacts that no drawback shall be allowed to goods entitled to deben-
ture, unless exported within three years after their import; 23 per cent. retained for
use of United States, except on refined sugar.
4. VALUATION.
Section 16 provides the modes of valuation of all goods paying ad valorem
duties, enacting that all costs, charges, and commissions, except insurance, shall
be added to the market value when imported.
Section 17 empowers collectors and appraisers to take testimony necessary for
valuation.
Section 18 empowers collectors to take the duties in the articles themselves, in
certain cases, and to sell the same.
5. REGULATIONS.
Section 19 enacts penalties for attempts to evade the payment of duties.
Section 20 imposes on non-enumerated articles the same duties as those enu-
merated which they most resemble.
Section 21 directs the method of appraisement and examination of goods.
Section 22 provides for ports where there are no appraisers.
Section 23 directs the Secretary of the Treasury to make necessary rules for
faithful appraisals.
Section 24 directs collectors to follow the Secretary's instructions.
Section 25 provides that the Act shall not apply to vessels that shall have left
their last port, east of the Capes of Good Hope and Horn, Sept. 1st, 1842.
Section 26 provides that the penalties of the law of June 30th, 1842, shall be
continued. -
Section 27 requires the Secretary annually to ascertain and report what articles
have paid duty of more than 35 per cent. ad valorem.
Section 28 prohibits the importation of indecent books and prints.
Section 29 establishes a ton at 20 cwt. at 112 lb each.
Section 30—a new section added in the senate, enacting that while the distri-
bution of the public lands is suspended, the 10 per cent. allowed to the Western
States shall be also suspended.
CLOCKS.
The extent of the clock manufactory of Commecticut is not perhaps generally
known. It is estimated that her citizens manufacture clocks to the amount of
one million dollars per annum.—Cor.


PART XIII.] AMERICA.—UNITED STATEs. 493
HCE.
Ice has become a great article of export in America. Sixty thousand tons are
annually sent from Boston to southern parts, the East and West Indies, &c.; and
as saw-dust is solely used in packing, a large trade is also carried on in that
article. The ice-houses, near the lakes and ponds, are immense wooden buildings,
capable of holding 10,000 to 20,000 tons each; some of them, indeed, cover half
an acre of ground. If the weather be favourable, 100 men are sometimes em-
ployed at once; and in three weeks the ice-crop, about 200,000 tons, is secured.
The ice is transported on railways. Each ice-house has a branch railway from
the main line; and is conveyed in properly constructed box-waggons to Boston—
a distance of (as the locality may be) 10 to 18 miles. The tools, machinery, &c.,
employed, and the building the houses, and constructing and keeping up the rail-
roads, &c., are very expensive ; yet the facilities are such, through good manage-
ment, that ice can be furnished at a very trifling cost per pound; and a failure of
the ice crop in America would be a great calamity.—Cor.
NEW ORLEANS.
September 1st, 1844.
We beg to call your attention to the accompanying Annual Statements of the
Trade of New Orleans during the season 1843-44. It must be remembered that
the country from which these vast supplies come forward was, at the beginning of
the present century, quite unknown as a producing country; and, indeed, only a
few years since some of the Western States imported Bread Stuffs and Provisions
for the consumption of their own population; but, from the fertility of soil and
variety of climate, from the great extent of river navigation, and abundance of
coal and minerals, it is evident that the Western States of America must become
the greatest producing country in the world. The increase of population and
variety and extent of production may be inferred from the annexed tables; and
even in this city, despite an unhealthy situation, the population has increased in a
wonderful proportion. In 1820 the population of New Orleans amounted to
27,178; in 1830, 46,082; and in 1840, 102,198; and it is not too much to
expect, that the census of 1850 will return above 200,000 inhabitants.
Exch ANGEs have ruled high during the season. The imports of specie cannot
have been much under eight millions of dollars, and the interruption given to
regular business occasioned an accumulation of funds, and assisted to maintain
rates. At present we quote sterling bills at 9 to 9% per cent. premium ; francs,
5.25 to 5.30; Sixty-day Bills, on New York, 4 to # per cent. discount; Sight
Checks, # per cent. premium.
FREIGHTs.—The arrivals at this port during the past year have been as follows:
Ships. Barques. Brigs. Schooners. Steam-boats.
665 256 376 389 2,570
Rates ruled low, but shipmasters expected exorbitant prices and allowed too
great an accumulation of tonnage. With our rapidly increasing receipts it is
natural to suppose that this port must become one of the most important freighting
ports in the world, equally for British as American shipping, and the subjoined
table of our supplies of coffee, &c., show that our import trade is only secondary
to our export:
DIRECT IMPORTS OF COFFEE, SUGAR, AND SALT.
For Three Years, from September 1 to August 31.
1843-44 1842-43 1841-42
Coffee, Havana. . . bags 52,857 60,183 37,509
Coffee, Rio . - - bags 161,082 85,438 126,610
Sugar, Havana . . boxes 10,153 2,233 7,736
Salt, Liverpool . . . sacks 302,350 239,427 | 156,781
Salt, Turk' Island, &c. bushels 309,650 129,520 113,400


PART XIII.] AMERICA.—UNITED STATEs. 495
-
EXPORTS OF FLOUR, PORK, BACON, LARD, BEEF, LEAD,
WHISKEY, AND CORN,
In the Year, from 1st September to 31st August.
1843-44.
Destination. -
Flour. Pork. Bacon. Lard. Beef. Lead. Whiskey Corm.
|Barrels. Barrels. Hh.ds. Kegs. Barrels. | Pigs. |Barrels. Sacks.
New York...... 48,323 219,756 5,104 || 324,776 || 9,112 || 264,834 2,216 44,367
Boston : . . . . . . . . 63,653 109,410 | 1,742 216,773 || 5,871 111,614 138 27,536
Philadelphia.... ...... 13,702 I,718 || 30,493 | 1,042 53,901 730 | . . . . . .
Baltimore . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,939 1,217 25,831 383 | 12,561 631 | . . . . . .
º - - - - - - 1,395 2,255 3,986 8,924 637 | . . . . . . 4,332 2,775
... ... }| 48,718 9,229 10,421 | 13,327 2,640 2,455 38,536 | 60,278
3. Foreign, 29,314 397 504 || 100,764 509 | . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,809
º, *}|108,679 26,491 157 | 151,382 15,192 | 154,955 544 53,516
Toulºs 398,179 24,852 |872,270 35,386 |600,320 42,127 |201,281
In the above the Ex i. to Mobile, &c., via the Pontchartrain Railroad, are included.
Vessels reported in the clearances as having Provisions and Merchandise are not included.
FOREIGN MONEYS.
As taken at the Cust m House in New York.
Dol. Cents. Dol. Cents.
Antwerp, Amsterdam, Rot- Florence livre, 6% to a dollar.
terdam, and all the Ne- Genoa livre, 6% to a dollar.
therlands, florins, or guil- Halifax pound . . . . . . . . . . 4 00
ders (thus fixed by law). 0 40 Hamburgh rix dollar . . . . 1 00
Augsburgh florins , 0 48 Hamburgh marc banco ... 0 35
Batavia rix dollar . . . . . . . . 0 75 India pagoda (thus fixed by
Brazil guilder . . . . . . . . . . 0 40 law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 84
Banco marks . . . . . . . . . . 0 33} Ireland pound (thus fixed
Barcelona and Catalonian by law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
livres. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 53% Jamaica currency, 3 dollars
Brabant florin . . . . . 0 34 to the pound.
Bremen rix dollar . ... 0 78; Leghorn dollar . . . . . . . . . . 0 90ſ,
Bremen thaler of 72 grotes 0 71 Leghorn livre, 6% to the dollar.
Bengal rupee . . . . . . . . . . 0 44} Louis d'or, or rix dollar of
Bombay rurpee . . . . . . . . . . 0 44; Bremen. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 75
Calcutta rupee (thus fixed Milrei of Azores . . . . . . . . 0 834
by law). . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 50 Milrei of Madeira 0 100
China tale (thus fixed bylaw) l 48 Ounce of Sicily. . . . . . . . . . 2 46
Cayenne livres 7 to a dollar. Portugal milrei. . . . . . . . . . 1 12
Creveld florins. . . . . . . . . . 0 37% Russia rouble . . . . . . . . . . 0 75
Crowns of Tuscany . . . . . . 1 05 Spain real of plate (thus
Current marks . . . . . . . . . . 0 28 fixed by law) . . . . . . . . 0 10
Denmark rix dollar (thus Spain real of vellon (thus
fixed by law) . . . . . . . . 1 00 fixed by law) . . . 0 05
Ducat of Naples . . . . . . . . 0 803 St. Gaul guilders . . . . . . . . 0 40;
Englandpoundsterling (thus Sweden rix dollar. . . . . . . . 1
fixed by law) . . . . . . . . 4 80 Saxon dollar. . . . . . . . . . . . 0 69
France—franc . . . . . . . . . . 0 18; Swiss livre . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 27
Ditto livre (thus fixed by Scudes of Malta . . . . . . . . 0 40
law) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 18} Trieste guilder . . . . . . . . . . 0 47%


496 AMERICA.—UNITED STATEs. [1845.
Foreign Moneys—continued.
I)ol. Cents. Dol. Cents.
Turkish piastre+ Prussian thaler.......... 0 68}
Prussian rix dollar . . . . . . 0 78; Leipsic florin . . . . . . . . . . 0 48
Prussian florin . . . . . . . . . . 0 23
* Value to be ascertained according to the exchange in London.
NOTE.-All currencies Not fixed by law will be taken according to the American consul's
certificate of their intrinsic value, compared with the American dollar, which must accompany
the invoice.—Campbell's American Tariff, and Act of Congress, March, 1843.
MEXICO.4
Principal Ports.--Acaculpo, Antonia Lizardo, Alvarado or Albarado,
Campeachy, California (ports of), Delcarmen (Island), Isla del Carmen,
Lagoon de Terminos, Mazatlan, Mocambo, Refugio, San Blas, San Luis
Potosi, Tamaulipas, Tampico, Vera Cruz.
LOSS OF THE ROYAL MAIL STEAM PACKET, ACTAEON.
London, Dec. 13, 1844.
The Royal Mail steam-packet Avon arrived at Southampton yesterday at half-
past 11 A.M., bringing all the West India mails. She has brought on freight, it
is believed, the largest amount ever shipped from the eastern ports of Mexico in
one bottom, viz. 2,078,739; dollars, part on account of Mexican dividends, say
268,067 dollars. She has also brought seventeen passengers, five Government
ditto, two distressed seamen, and an invalid, together with the crew of the late
steamer Actaeon, belonging to this Company, which vessel was lost on the morning
of Sunday, the 20th of October, about nine miles northward of Carthagena.
She was rounding the Punta Canoa, at 8 o’clock in the morning, the Popa or
high land within the city being S.S.E. The Actaeon steering south, struck at
8.40 upon a sunken rock, supposed to be the Negrillo, but which, according to the
chart, should have been nearer the land than the ship then was. Immediately she
struck the captain, with the view of lightening her, ordered the boilers to be blown
off, but without effect, till about 30 minutes afterwards. A swell of the sea then
lifted her off, when it soon became evident that, in spite of every exertion, she
could not be kept long afloat. Sail was then made to force her on shore, or into
shallow water. Precisely, however, at 20 minutes past 11 she went down in 6}
fathoms.
The Actaeon makes the fourth vessel lost since the establishment of the Royal
Mail Steam Company, being a quarter of the number of steam-ships it has afloat.
They are—the Medina, the Isis, the Solway, (in which so many lives were sacri-
ficed), and now this unfortunate ship completes the number. The Actaeon,
however, was the smallest of the four, being only 600 tons’ burden. Her value,
exclusive of stores, &c., was about 25,000l. She plied between the various islands
for the intercolonial mails.-Cor.
Treaty of Amity, Commerce, and Navigation, between Great Britain and Mexico,
signed at London, December 26, 1826.
[This Treaty was given at large in the Journal for several years. As, however, the essential
parts touching imports and exports are embodied in the subsequent order, it is now removed
to make room for new matter.—Ed.]
Additional Articles.
..l. Mexican Wessels.--Whereasin the present state of Mexican shipping, it would not be pos-
sible for Mexico to receive the full advantage of the reciprocity .. ished by the articles 5, 6,
7, of the treaty signed this day, if that part of the 7th article which stipulates that, in order to
be considered as a Mexican ship, a ship shall actually have been built in Mexico should be
f. Some part of Mexico are now known by the names of CENTRAL AMERICA, VENEzuela, .
and NEw GRENADA.


498 AMERICA.—TexAs. [1845.
designated or included, than those which are there paid by the subjects or citizens of the most
favoured nation; and the subjects and citizens respectively of the two high contracting parties
shall enjoy the same rights, privileges, liberties, favours, immunities, and exemptions, in mat-
ters of commerce and navigation, that are granted or may hereafter be granted, in either coun-
try, to the subjects or citizens of the most favoured nation. No duty of customs or other impost
shall be charged upon any goods the produce of one country, upon importation by sea or by
land from such country into the other, higher than the duty or impost charged upon goods of
the same kind the produce of, or imported from, any other country; and Her Majesty the
Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, and the Republic of Texas, do
hereby bind and engage themselves not to grant any favour, privilege, or immunity, in matters
of commerce and navigation, to the subjects or citizens of any other state which shall not be
also and at the same time extended to the subjects or citizens of the other high contracting
party, gratuitously, if the concession in favour of that other state shall have been gratuitous;
or on giving, as nearly as possible, the same compensation or equivalent, in case the concession
shall have been conditional.
2. Duties of Tonnage, IIarbour, &c.—No duties of tonnage, harbour, lighthouse, pilotage,
quarantine, or other similar or corresponding duties, of whatever nature or under whatever de-
nomination, shall be inmposed in either country upon the vessels, or upon any articles the growth,
produce, or manufacture of the other, in respect of voyages between the two countries, if laden,
or in respect of any voyage if in ballast, which shall not be equally imposed, in the like cases,
on national vessels; and in neither country shall any duty, charge, restriction, or prohibition
be imposed upon, nor any drawback, bounty, or allowance be withheld from, any goods imported.
from, or exported to any country, in the vessels of the one country, which shall not be equally
imposed upon or withheld from such goods, when so imported or exported in the vessels of the
other country.
3. Liberty to go to Ports, unlade, hire Houses, &c.; Ships of War.—The citizens and sub-
jects of each country shall enjoy full liberty to go to the ports and harbours of the other country,
where other foreigners are allowed to enter, to unlade their merchandise therein, to hire and
occupy houses, and peaceably to conduct their respective trades and professions. The ships of
war of both countries respectively shall have the liberty to enter freely and to touch at all such
ports in each country into which the ships of war of any other nation are permitted to enter;
subject, however, to the regulations, laws, and statutes of the respective countries.
4. Coasting Trade.—The stipulations of the present treaty shall not be considered as applying
to the navigation and carrying trade between one port and another situated in the dominions of
one contracting party by the vessel of the other, as far as regards passengers, commodities, and
articles of commerce, such navigation and transport being reserved by each contracting party
to national vessels.
5. Colonial Possessions.—The high contracting parties reserve for future negotiation, at such
time as they may mutually agree upon, the conditions upon which the trade and navigation shall
be regulated between Her Britannic Majesty’s colonial possessions in Europe, Asia, Africa, and
America, and the Republic of Texas,
6. What considered as Tea an Vessels.--Whereas in the present state of Texan shipping,
the Republic of Texas would not enjoy the full benefit of the reciprocity intended by this treaty,"
if no vessel were to be admitted into British ports as a Texan vessel, unless it had been built
within the territory of Texas: it is therefore agreed, that for the space of eight years, to be
reckoned from the date of the exchange of the ratifications of this treaty, any vessels, where-
soever built, being homa fide the property of, and wholly owned by, one or more citizens of the
Republic of Texas, and whereof the master and three-fourths of the mariners at least are natu-
ralized citizens of the said Republic, or persons domiciliated in that Republic by act of the
government as lawful citizens of the Texan Republic ; to be certified according to the laws of
that country, shall be considered as Texan vessels; Her Majesty the Queen of the United King-
dom of Great Britain and Ireland reserving to herself the right, at the end of the said term of
eight years, to claim that the provisions of the British Navigation Act relative to the nationality
of foreign vessels shall be strictly applied to Texan vessels in British ports.
7. Powers of Consuls; Deserters, &c.—The consuls and vice-consuls of each country shall,
within the territory of the other, enjoy all the rights, privileges, and immunities, which are ac-
corded to such functionaries by the law of nations; and it is provided, that in the ports of each
country especially the authorities shall give all due legal assistance and protection for the appre-
hension, safe keeping, and delivery of all deserters from the ships of war and trading vessels of
either country; and all the powers and privileges granted in respect to the matters to which
the stipulations of this article relate by either of the contracting parties to any other nations,
shall be granted by such contracting party to the consuls, vice-consuls, ships of war, and trading
vessels of the other.
8. Wrecks.-If any ships of war, or merchant-vessels, should be wrecked on the coasts of
either of the high contracting parties, such vessels, or any parts thereof, and all furniture and
appurtenances belonging thereunto, and all goods and merchandise which shall be saved there-
from or the produce thereof, if sold, shall be faithfully restored to the proprietors, upon being
claimed by them or by their duly authorised factors; and if there are no such proprietors or .
factors on the spot, then the said goods or the proceeds thereof, as well as all the papers found
on board such wrecked vessels, shall be delivered to the British or Texan consul in whose dis-
trict the wreck may have taken place; and such consul, proprietors, or factors, shall pay onl
the expenses incurred in the preservation of the property, together with the rate of salvage whic
would have been payable in the like case of a wreck of a national vessel; and the goods saved:
from the wreck shall not be subject to duties, unless cleared for consumption. -
9. Religious Worship: Rights of Property; Wills; Forced Loans; Courts of Judicature;
War.—The exercise of the rights of religious worship, and freedom of conscience, shall be re-
ciprocally secured to the subjects and citizens of each country by the government of the other.


PART XIII.] AMERICA.—TExAs. 499
The right of sepulture shall be reciprocally accorded by each of the contracting parties to the
other; and there shall be no law passed by either government that shall violate the rights of
property, or limit the power of bequeathing personal estate by will or testament. The subjects
or citizens of the one country residing in the other shall not be liable, under extraordinary war-
rants or otherwise, to compulsory services or to forced loans; and on all questions affecting the
rights of person or property the courts of judicature of the one country shall be impartially open
to the sabjects or citizens of the other. In the event of war between the contracting parties,
the subjects or citizens of the one country, residing in the other, shall reciprocally have twelve
months, after a formal declaration of the same, to depart with their property and effects, and
without any hinderance or disturbance whatsoever.
10. Duration of Treaty.—The present treaty, when the same shall have been ratified by
+Her Britannic Majesty, and by the President of the Republic of Texas, with the advice and
sconsent of the Senate, shall be binding and obligatory on the contracting parties for eight years
from the date of its signature; and further, until the expiration of twelve months after one of
the high contracting parties shall have notified to the other an intention to terminate its dura-
tion. It is further agreed, that in twelve months after one of the high contracting parties shall
have received from the other such notification, this treaty, and all the stipulations it contains,
shall cease to be obligatory upon either party.
11. Ratifications.—The present treaty shall be ratified, and the ratification shall be exehanged
at London, as soon as tº: within the space of nine months from this date.
In witness whereof, the respective Plenipotentiaries have signed the same, and have affixed
thereto the seals of their arms.
Pone at London the 13th day of November, in the year of our Lord 1840.
PALMERSTox.
J. HAMILTON.
[Ratifications exchanged at London, June 28, 1842.]
THE UNITED STATES AND TEXAS.
A Treaty for the annexation of Texas was concluded between the United States
of America and the Republic of Texas at Washington on the 12th of April, 1844.
PITCH LAKE.
Perhaps few of our citizens are aware that there is a small lake situate within
100 miles of Houston, that is quite similar to the Pitch Lake of Trinidad. This
singular lake or pond is situate in Jefferson county, near the pond between Liberty
and Beaumont, and about twenty miles from the latter village. The lake is formed
of bitumen or asphaltum, and is about a quarter of a mile in circumference.—
Houston Telegraph published at Texas.
MUSQUITO COUNTRY.
GEOGRAPHICAL SKETCH.
There is no country over which England exercises control of greater importance
to the people of Great Britain at the present moment than the Musquito country.
It is situate in the central portion of the long isthmus which unites North and
South America, and extends from 8° to 18° north latitude; and from 84° to 94°
west longitude. The boundaries are the British settlement of Belize and the
United Mexican States on the north, and the Republic of New Granada on the
south ; the Caribbean Sea on the east and north-east, and the Pacific on the south-
west. The coast forms a sea line of upwards of 180 leagues. The Musquito
country derives its name from a powerful race of Indians that inhabit it, and is fertile
in everything that can conduce to the comfort and luxury of mankind. The British
settlement of Bluefields lies in the most productive part of this luxuriant country,
and is said to derive its name from an English captain of buccaniers in the 17th
century. The grant was purchased from the King of the Musquito nation, with
the formal assent of all the inferior chiefs, who were summoned to approve and
confirm the concession. The government abandoned it in the year 1786. The
first step towards a revival of the settlement was taken in April 1844, by the
appointment of Mr. Patrick Waller as British agent and Consular-general.—Cor.
2 K 2


PART XIII.] AMERICA.—ColombiA. 501
9. Miseellaneous Privileges.—Subjects of the two parties to have the rights as the most
favoured nations to lade and unlade ships; conveyance of property, administration of
justice, &c.
10. Consals to be appointed.
1. # War-Privilege of continuing trade given to parties residing in the dominions of either
party.
12. Religious liberty preserved.
13. Slave Trade to be abolished.
14. Further Articles to be added when wanting.
15. Ratification.
SHIPPING.
Whereas treatises of amity, commerce, and navigation have been con-
cluded between His Majesty and the republics of the states of the Rio de la
Plate, and of Colombia respectively; and whereas it is expedient to give
effect to such parts of the said treaties as require the sanction of Parliament;
it is therefore enacted, that all ships, of whatever built, and in whatever way
acquired, being duly owned and navigated as the ships of the said republics
respectively, shall, for the term of seven years from the respective dates of
such treaties, be deemed to be the ships of those countries respectively in all
places under British dominion. 7 Geo. 4, c. 5, § 1.
And whereas treaties of the like nature may be concluded between His
Majesty and other countries in America not yet provided with national
merchant-shipping, built or acquired in manner required by the law of na-
vigation; it is therefore enacted, that all ships, of whatever built, and in
whatever way acquired, being duly owned and navigated as the ships of
particular countries in America, shall be deemed to be the ships of such
countries respectively, in all places under British dominion, for any term not
exceeding seven years, agreed to in that behalf in any treaty between His
Majesty and any of such countries respectively. § 2,
RECIPROCITY.
By O.C., Sept. 3, 1827, it is ordered that yessels of the State of Colombia, entering the ports
of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland in ballast, or laden direct from any of the
ports of Colombia, or departing from the ports of the said United Kingdom, together with the
cargoes on board the same, such cargoes consisting of articles which may be legally imported or
exported, shall not be subject to any other or higher duties or charges whatever than are or shall
be levied on British vessels entering or departing from such ports, or on similar articles when
imported into or exported from such ports in British vessels; and also such articles, when ex-
ported from the .. ports in vessels of the State of Colombia, shall be entitled to the same
bounties, drawbacks, and allowances that are granted on similar articles when exported in Bri-
tish vessels.
BRITISH POSSESSIONS.
As to Imports into British Possessions in Foreign Ships, see p. 41.
WENEZUEſ, A.
Principal Ports.-By a law passed by the Congress of Venezuela, and
published at Caraccas on the 22nd of April, 1839, it has been declared that
the following ports shall be open for imports and exports, viz.:-Angostura,
in the province of Guayana; Cumana, in that of the same name; Barcelona,
in that of Barcelona; La Guayra, in that of Caraccas; Puerto Cabello, in
that of Carababo; La Vela, in that of Coro; and Maracaibo, in the province
of that name. By the second article, Pampatar and Juan Griego, in the
province of Margarita; and Carapina, Guiria, and Maturin, in that of Cumana,
are declared open for exportation, but for importation so far only as their
own consumption. By the third article the following are declared open
ports for foreign exportation –Higuerote and Choroni, in the province of
Caraccas; Rio Caribe (Caraiba), in that of Cumana; and in that of Coro,
Cumarebo, Adicora, and Jayana; these two last under the direction of the
same administrator.


502 AMERICA.—VENEzu ELA. [1845.
Convention between His Majesty and the State of Venezuela. Signed at London,
29th October, 1834. -
ARTICLE 1. Independence of Venezuela—Colombian Treaty.—His Majesty the King of the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, and the State of Venezuela, the i. of
which State is hereby acknowledged, recognised, and declared by His said Majesty, mutually
agree to adopt and confirm, as effectually as if the same were inserted word for word herein, the
several articles and provisions of the Treaty concluded between His said Majesty and the State
of Colombia,” together with the additional article thereto; and that all the matters and things
contained in such Treaty, and additional article shall, mutatis mutandis, from and after the
conclusion of the present Convention, be applied to the high contracting parties, their subjects
and citizens, as effectually as if they were recited word for word herein; confirming and ap-
proving hereby all matters and things done, or to be done, by their respective subjects and
citizens, under the aforesaid Treaty, and in execution thereof.
2. Ships.-Definition in Colombian Treaty as to ships to be adopted.
3. Ratification.
SUGAR.
By O. C., 28th November, 1844, it is stated, that whereas, amongst other treaties and con-
ventions, a treaty was, at the time of the passing of the Act 7 & 8 Vict. c. 28 [p. 169], and still
is subsisting between Her Majesty and the State of Venezuela, which was signed on 29th Oct.
1834, adopting and confirming certain articles and provisions therein mentioned or referred to,
amongst which was an agreement that no other or higher duties should be charged on the im-
portation of any articles, the growth, produce, or manufacture of one country, into the terri-
tories or dominions of the other, than such as were or might be payable on the importation of
the like articles from any other foreign country:
And whereas, application has been made on the part of the Government of Venezuela, claiming,
under the said Treaty, the admission of sugars, the growth of Venezuela, at the duty of 11.14s.
per cwt., with five per cent, additional.
Now, therefore, Her Majesty, by and with the advice of Her Privy Council, doth order, and
it is hereby ordered accordingly, that, from and after 28th Nov., 1844, brown, Muscovado, or
clayed sugars (not being refined), the growth of Venezuela, shall, if imported from Venezuela,
or from any British possession abroad, having been imported into such British possession from
Venezuela, be admitted into entry for consumption into the United Kingdom, at the aforesaid:
rate of duty of 11 14s, per cwt., and five per cent. additional as aforesaid, subject nevertheless,
to the production of the like certificates, and the making of the like declaration, as are in the
said Act required, with respect to sugars, the growth of China, Java, or Manilla.
CARACCAS.
Aug. 14, 1844.
A comparison of the Exports registered at the Custom House of Laguayra for
the three last years, from the first of January to the 10th of August:—
Coffee. Cocoa. Indigo. Hides.
ggls. fanegs. Qqls. number.
1842 . - . 108,127 41,406 396 29,435
1843 - - 134,495 17,170 865 24,342
1844 . - . 116,209 41,744 627 31,291
BRAZIL.
Principal Ports-A direct trade with foreign countries is only permitted
in such ports of the empire of Brazil where there are custom-houses esta-
blished; they are the following:—Parae, Maranham, Parnahiba, Fortaleza
(Ceara), Aracaty (Ceara), Rio Grande North, Parahiba. Pernambuco,
Maceyo (Alagoas), Lanangeiras (Sergipe), Bahia. Espirito Santo, Rio de
Janeiro, Santos, Paranagna, St. Catherine, Rio Grande, Sao Borga (R. G.
south), Porto Allegre, (R. G. S.)—Lyford.
LIGHT AT ST. ANNA.
Trinity-House, London, May 17, 1844.
The Consul-general for the Brazils having communicated to this Corporation
that he has received the following intimation from His Excellency the President of
the Province of Maranham, the same is hereby notified for the information of all
persons interested therein, viz.:-
* See p. 500.


PART XIII.] AMERICA.—BRAZIL. 505
COMPARATIVE EXPORT OF COFFEE, SUGAR, AND HIDES IN
SEPTEMBER, 1842, 1843, AND 1844.
Coffee. Sugar. Hides.
Bags. Cases.*
1842 e - 91,286 483 4,159
1843 - - 112,478 305 14,908
1844 - - 127,544 687 32,140
Average - - 110,436 492 17,069
Increase . - 17,108 195 15,071
Thus exhibiting, upon the average, since 1842, an increase in coffee of 15% ;
sugar, 39;; and hides, 88% per cent.
A STATEMENT of the revenue of the Customs and Consulado in September,
1844, compared with that in the same month of 1842 and 1843 –
1842. 1843. 1844.
Dollars. Dollars. Dollars.
. Customs • 535,606 679,769 832,264
Consulado - 126,178 154,352 186,163
Total . 661,784 834,121 1,018,427
Showing in the Customs an increase upon 1842 of 55; ; and upon 1843 of 22%
per cent. ; in the Consulado, an increase upon 1842 of 47% ; and upon 1843, of
20; per cent.
The revenue, from these two sources united, was more than in 1842, 53; ; and
exceeded that of 1843 22% per cent.
The increase in the Customs is mainly attributable to the anxiety which was
manifested to clear goods with all possible despatch prior to the new tariff being
put into force, and bearing in mind the increased taxation since 1842, the addi-
tional income thus derived is, perhaps, less than may have been expected.
An Account of the Declared Value of British and Irish Produce and Manu-
factures Exported from the United Kingdom to Brazil, in the Years, 1841,
1842, and 1843; distinguishing the principal Articles.
Years
– -
1841. 1842. 1843.
| |
|
e e e
2,556.554 1,756,805 2,140,127
|
Inspector General’s Office, Custom-House,
London, February 26, 1844. WILLIAM IRVING.
AS TO RECIPROCITY TREATY, See p. 175.
STATES OF THE RIO DE LA PLATA.
Principal Ports.-Buenos Ayres, Colonia, Monte Video, Madonado,
Treaty of Amity, Commerce, and Navigation, between His Majesty and the United
Provinces of Rio de la Plata. -
[Signed at Buenos Ayres, Feb. 2, 1825.]
[This treaty was given at large in several former editions of this Journal, but the essence as to
trade lºs incorporated in the following order, it has been removed to make room for new
matter,
* Other packages included at their average weights,


PART XIII.] AMERICA.—BUENos AYREs. 507
BUENOS AYRES.
THE RIVER PARANA openED To VEssFLs UNDER THE BUENos AYREAN
FLAG.
Office of Committee of Privy Council for Trade,
Whitehall, Dec. 3, 1844.
Sir, I am directed by the Lords of the Committee of Privy Council for Trade
to acquaint you, for the information of merchants trading to Buenos Ayres, that
Her Majesty's Government have received information that the Government of
Buenos Ayres, has opened the river Parana to vessels under the Buenos Ayrean
flag, upon security being given against their touching at any place in the province
of Corrientes.
I am, Sir, your obedient servant,
J. M'GREGoR.
William Dobson, Esq., Secretary, Lloyd's.
URUGUAY.
Treaty of Amity, Commerce, and Navigation, between Her Majesty and the
Oriental Republic of the Uruguay. Signed at London, August 26, 1842.
[Ratifications exchanged at London, July 17, 1843.]
Article 1. Peace and Amity.—There shall be perpetual peace and amity between the domi-
nions and subjects of Her Majesty the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ire-
land, her heirs and successors, and the Oriental Republic of the Uruguay and its citizens.
2. Reciprocal freedom of Commerce,—There shall be between all the territories of Her
Britannic Majesty in Europe, and the territories of the Oriental Republic of the Uruguay, a
reciprocal freedom of commerce. The subjects and citizens of the two countries, respectively,
shall have liberty freely and securely to come, with their ships, and cargoes, to all places, ports,
and rivers in the territories aforesaid, to which other foreigners are or may be permitted to come;
to enter into the same, and to remain and reside in any part of the said territories respectively;
also to hire and occupy houses and warehouses for the purposes of their commerce; and, gene-
rally, the merchants and traders of each nation shall enjoy, within the territories of the other,
the most complete protection and security for their commerce; subject always to the laws and
statutes of the land.
Ships of War and Post-Office Packets..—In like manner, the respective ships of war and
p: packets of the two countries, shall have liberty freely and securely to come to all
arbours, rivers, and places, in either country, to which other foreign ships of war and packets
are or may be permitted to come ; and they shall be allowed to enter into the same, to anchor
and remain there and refit; subject always to the laws and statutes of the two countries, re-
spectively.
"ºtion and Carrying Trade.—It is hereby declared, that the stipulations of the present
article are not to be understood as applying to the navigation and carrying trade between one
port and another, situated in the dominions of either contracting party; such navigation and
trade being reserved exclusively to national vessels.
3. Customs Duties.—There shall be reciprocal liberty of commerce and navigation between
and amongst the subjects and citizens of the two high contracting parties; and the subjects and
citizens of the two countries respectively, shall not pay in the ports, harbours, roads, cities,
towns, or places whatsoever, in either country, any other, or higher duties, taxes, or imposts,
under whatsoever names designated or included, than those which are there paid by the subjects
or citizens of the most favoured nation; and the subjects and citizens of each of the high con-
tracting parties shall enjoy the same rights, privileges, liberties, favours, immunities, and ex-
emptions in matters of commerce and navigation, that are granted, or may hereafter be granted,
in either country, to the subjects or citizens of the most favoured nation.
No duty of customs or other impost shall be charged upon any goods the produce of one
country, upon importation by sea or by land from such country into the other, higher than the
duty or impost charged upon goods of the same kind, the produce of, or imported from, any
other country. And Her Majesty the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, and the Oriental Republic of the Uruguay, do hereby bind and engage themselves not
to grant any favour, privilege, or immunity, in matters of commerce and navigation, to the
subjects or citizens of any other state, which shall not be also and at the same time extended to
the subjects or citizens of the other high contracting party; gratuitously, if the concession in
favour of that other state shall have been gratuitous; and on giving as nearly as possible the
same compensation or equivalent, in case the concession shall have been conditional.
4. Tonnage Duties, Pilotage, &c.—No higher or other duties or payments on account of tom-
mage, light, or harbour duties, pilotage, salvage in case of damage or shipwreck, or any local
charges, shall be imposed in any of the ports of the one country upon the vessels of the other,
than are payable in those ports upon national vessels.


508 AMERICA.—URUGUAY. [1845.
5. Imports in British or Uruguay. Kessels.-The game duties shall be paid on all articles, the
growth, produce, or manufacture of Her Britannic Majesty's dominions, when imported into
the territories of the Oriental Itepublic of the º: whether such article be imported in ves-
sels of the said republic, or in British vessels; and the same duties shall be paid on all articles,
the growth, produce, or manufacture of the said republic, when imported into the dominions of
Her Britannic Majesty, whether such article be imported in British vessels, or in vessels of the
said republic.
Erports.-The same duties shall be paid, and the same bounties and drawbacks allowed, on
all articles, the growth, produce, or manufacture of Her Britannic Majesty’s dominions, when
exported to the said republic of the Uruguay, whether such article be exported in vessels of the
said republic, or in British vessels; and the same duties shall be paid, and the same bounties
and drawbacks allowed, on all articles, the growth, produce, or manufacture of the said re-
public, when exported to the dominions of Her Britannic Majesty, whether such articles be
exported in British vessels, or in vessels of the said republic.
. What deemed British or Uruguay: Vessels.-In order to avoid any misunderstanding with
respect to the regulations which may respectively determine what shall be considered a British
vessel, or a vessel of the Oriental Republic of the Uruguay, when engaged in commerce between
the two countries; it is hereby agreed, that all vessels built in the dominions of Her Britannic
Majesty, or having been made prize of war, and condemned as such, or having been forfeited
under any law made for the prevention of the slave trade, and condemned in any competent
court for a breach of such law ; and which shall be owned and navigated by subjects of Her
Majesty, and whereof the master and three-fourths at least of the mariners shall be subjects of
Her Britannic Majesty, and which shall be registered according to the laws of Great Britain
shall be considered as British vessels: and that all vessels built within the territory of the said
Oriental Republic of the Uruguay, or having been made prize of war and condemned as such, or
having been forfeited under any law made for the prevention of the slave trade, and condemned
in any competent court for a breach of such law, or being of bona fide British construction,
built in any port of Her Britannie Majesty’s dominions, and acquired by purchase: and which
shall be owned and navigated by citizens of the said republie, and whereof the master and three-
fourths, at least, of the mariners shall be citizens of the said republic, or matriculated subjects.
of Her Britannic Majesty, and which shall be registered according to the laws of the said re-
public, shall be considered as vessels of the said:Oriental Republic of the Uruguay, so far as shall
relate to any commercial rights or privileges in the several ports of Her Britannic Majesty’s.
dominions.”
Register, Passport, or Sea Letter —And it is furthcragreed, that no ship considered as being
the ship of cither country, shall be qualified to trade, as above described, under the provisions
of this treaty, unless she be furnished with a register, passport, or sea-letter, under the sigma-
ture of the proper person authorised to grant the same, according to the laws of the respective
countries, and in a form to be reciprocally communicated by the two governments to each other.
Such register, passport, or sea-letter shall certify the name, occupation, and residence of the
owner or owners in the dominions of Her Britannic Majesty, or in the territories of the Oriental
Republic of the Uruguay, as the case may be ; shall declare that he or they, is or are, the sole
owner of the ship, or owners in the proportion to be specified; and shall state the name, bur-
den, and description of the vessel, as to built and measurement; and if the vessel is of foreign
built, of what country : and, as far as may be possible, when and from whom purchased; and
all other particulars constituting the national character of the vessel, as the case may be.
10. Consuls and Diplomatie Agents.--It shall be free for each of the two contracting parties to
appoint consuls for the protection of trade, to reside in the dominions and territories of the other
party; but no consul shall act as such until he shall, in the usual form, be approved and ad-
mitted by the government to which he is sent; and either of the contracting parties may except
from the residence of consuls such partieular places as they may judge fit to be excepted. The
diplomatic agents and consuls of the Oriental Republic of the Uruguay, in the dominions of Her
Britannic Majesty, shall enjoy whatever privileges, exemptions, and immunities, are or may there
be granted to agents of the same rank belonging to the most favoured nation; and in like man-
mer, the diplomatic agents and consuls of Her Britannic Majesty in the territories of the Oriental
Republic of the Uruguay, shall enjoy, according to the strictest reciprocity, whatever privileges,
exemptions, and immunities are or may there be granted to the diplomatic agents and consuls of
the most favoured nation.
11. Duration of Treaty.—The present treaty shall be in force for the term of ten years from
the date thereof; and, further, until the expiration of twelve months after either of the high
contracting parties shall have given notice to the other of its intention to terminate the same;
each of the high contracting parties reserving to itself the right of giving such notice to the
other at the end of the said term of ten years, or at any subsequent time.
And it is hereby agreed between them, that at the expiration of twelve months after such notice
shall have been received by either party from the other, this treaty, and all the provisions thereof,
shall altogether cease and determine.
12. Ratification.—The present treaty shall be ratified, and the ratifications shall be exehanged
at London as soon as possible within the period of eighteen months from the date thereof.
In witness whereof the respective plenipotentiaries have signed the same, and have affixed
thereto their respective seals. -
Done at London, 26th August, 1843. ABERDEEN
RIP on.
Jose ELLAURI.
And His Excellency the President of the Oriental Republic of the Uruguay engages, on his
§. that if at any future time, the amount payable by British subjects for such license should
e increased, a corresponding increase shall at the same time be made in the sum payable by
* See second additional Article, next page.


PART XIII.] AMERICA.—PERU. -
5 11
duce, or manufacture of His Britannic Majesty's dominions, than are or shall be payable on the
like articles, being the growth, produce, or manufacture of any other foreign country; nor shall
any other or higher duties or charges be imposed in the territories or dominions of either of the
contracting parties, on the exportation of any articles to the territories or dominions of the
other, than such as are or may be payable on the exportation of the like articles to any other
foreign country; nor shall any prohibition be imposed upon the exportation or importation of
any article, the growth, produce, or manufacture of His Britannic Majesty’s dominions, or of
the said territories of the Peru-Bolivian Confederation, to or from the said dominions of His
Britannic Majesty, or to or from the said territories of the Peru-Bolivian Confederation, which
shall not equally extend to all other nations.
5. Port Charges.—No higher or other duties or charges on account of tonnage, light or
harbour dues, pilotage, salvage in case of damage or shipwreck, or any other local charges, shall
be imposed in any of the ports of the Peru-Bolivian Confederation, on British vessels, than
those payable, in the same ports, by Peru-Bolivian vessels; nor in the ports of His Britannic
Majesty’s territories, on Peru-Bolivian vessels, than shall be payable in the same ports on British
vessels.
Import and Eaſport in Vessels of either Country:-The same duties shall be paid on the im-
portation into the territories of the Peru-Bolivian Confederation of any article the growth, pro-
duce, or manufacture of His Britannic Majesty’s dominions, whether such importation shall be
in Peru-Bolivian or in British vessels; and the same duties shall be paid on the importation
into the dominions of His Britannic Majesty of any article the growth, produce, or manufacture
of the territories of the Peru-Bolivian Confederation, whether such importation shall be in
British or Peru-Bolivian vessels. The same duties shall be paid and the same bounties and
drawbacks allowed, on the exportation to the ports of the Peru-Bolivian Confederation of any
articles of the growth, produce, or manufacture of His Britannic Majesty’s dominions, whether
such exportation shall be in Peru-Bolivian or British vessels; and the same duties shall be paid,
and the same bounties and drawbacks allowed, on the exportation of any articles the growth,
produce, or manufacture of the Peru-Bolivian Confederation, to His Britannic Majesty's domi.
mions, whether such exportation shall be in British or in Peru-Bolivian vessels.
7. Built of Vessels. In order to avoid any misunderstanding with respect to the regulations
which may respectively constitute a British or Peru-Bolivian vessel, it is hereby agreed that no
ship shall be admitted to be a ship of either country, unless she shall be of the built of such
country, or have been made prize of war to such country, and condemned as such ; or have been
forfeited to such country under any law of the same made for the prevention of the slave trade,
and condemned in any competent court as forfeiture for a breach of such law; nor unless she
be navigated by a master who is a subject of such country, and by a crew, of whom three-fourths,
at least, are subjects of such country; nor unless she be wholly owned by subjects of such
country, usually residing therein, or under the dominion thereof; excepting where the laws
provide for any extreme cases.
Register, Passport, &c.—And it is further agreed, that no ship, admitted to be a ship of
either country, shall be qualified to trade as above described, under the provisions of this treaty,
wnless furnished with a register, passport, or sea-letter, under the signature of the proper person
authorised to grant the same, according to the laws of the respective countries, (the form of
which shall be communicated,) certifying the name, occupation, and residence of the owner or
owners, in the dominions of His Britannic Majesty, or, in the territories of the Peru-Bolivian
Confederation, as the case may be ; and that he or they, is or are the sole owner or owners, in
the proportion to be specified; together with the name, burden, and description of the vessel,
as to built and measurement, and the several particulars constituting the national character of
the vessel, as the case may be.
Individual Affairs, Brokers, &c.—All merchants, commanders of ships, and others, the sub-
jects of His Britannic Majesty, shall have full liberty in all the territories of the Peru-Bolivian
Confederation, to manage their own affairs themselves, or to commit them to the management
of whomsoever they please, as broker, factor, agent, or interpreter; nor shall they be obliged
to employ any other persons for those purposes than those employed by Peru-Bolivians, nor to
pay them any other salary or remuneration than such as is paid, in like cases, by Peru-Bolivian
citizens: and absolute freedom shall be allowed, in all cases, to the buyer and seller to bargain
and fix the price of any goods, wares, or merchandise imported into, or exported from, the
Peru-Bolivian Confederation, as they shall see good, observing the laws and established customs
of the country. The same privileges shall be enjoyed in the dominions of His Britannic Majesty,
by the citizens of the Peru-Bolivian Confederation, under the same conditions.
protection.—The citizens and subjects of the contracting parties, in the territories of each
other, shall receive and enjoy full and perfect protection for their persons and property, and shall
have free and open acecss to the courts of justice in the said countries respectively, for the pro-
secution and defence of their just rights; and they shall be at liberty to employ, in all causes,
the advocates, attorneys, or agents, of whatever description, whom they may think proper; and
they shall enjoy, in this respeet, the same rights and privileges therein as native citizens.
9. Privileges as Native Subjects.-In whatever relates to the police of the ports, the lading
and unlading of ships, the safety of merchandise, goods, and effects, the succession to personal
estates, by will or otherwise, and the disposal of personal property of every sort and denomination,
by sale, donation, exchange, or testament, or in any other manner whatsoever, as also the admi-
mistration of justice, the subjects and citizens of the two contracting *. shall enjoy, in their
respective dominions and territories, the same privileges, liberties, and rights, as native subjects:
and shall not be charged, in any of these respects, with any higher imposts or duties than those
which are paid, or may be paid by the native subjects or citizens of the power in whose dominions
or territories they may be resident; subject, of course, to the local laws and regulations of such
dominions or territories.
11. Consuls, &c.—It shall be free for each of the two contracting parties to appoint consuls for
the protection of trade, to reside in the dominions and territories of the other party: but before
any consul shall act as such, he shall, in the usual form, be approved and admitted by the govern-
ment to which he is sent; and either of the contracting º: may except from the residence of
consuls such particular places as cither of them may judge ſit to be excepted. The diplomatic


512 AMERICA.—Peru. [1845.
agenis and consuls of the Peru-Bolivian Confederation shall enjoy, in the dominions of His Bri-
tannic Majesty, whatever privileges, exceptions, and immunities, are or shall be granted to agents
of the same rank belonging to the most favoured nation; and in like manner, the diplomatic
agents and consuls of His Britannic Majesty in the territories of the Peru-Bolivian Confederation
shall enjoy, according to the strictest reciprocity, whatever privileges, exceptions, and immu-
nities, are or may be granted to the diplomatic agents and consuls of the most favoured nation
in the territories of the Peru-Bolivian Confederation.
15. Fresh Articles.—The two contracting parties reserve to themselves the right of treating and
of agreeing hereafter, from time to time, upon such other articles as may appear to them to con-
tribute still further to the improvement of their mutual intercourse, and to the advancement of
the general interests of their respective subjects and citizens; and such articles as may be so
agreed upon shall, when duly ratified, be regarded as forming a part of the present treaty, and
shall have the same force as those now contained in it.
16. Ratification.—The present treaty shall be ratified, and the ratification shall be exchanged
in London or at Lima, within the space of twenty months, or sooner if possible.
In witness whereof, the respective plenipotentiaries have signed the same, and have affixed
thereto their respective seals.
1)one at Lima, this 5th day of June, in the year of our Lord 1837.
BElford H1NT on Wilson.
LoRENzo BAzo.
Al)1) ITIONAL ARTICLES.
Article 1. Ships, Property of Citizens of the Peru-Bolirian Confederation.—Whereas in the
present state of Peru-Bolivian shipping, it would not be possible for the said Confederation to
receive the full advantage of the reciprocity established by the Articles 5, 6, and 7 of the treaty
signed this day, if that part of the 7th article which º: that, in order to be considered as
a Peru-Bolivian ship, a ship shall actually have been built in the Peru-Bolivian Confederation
should be strictly and literally observed, and immediately brought into operation; it is a i
that, for the space of fifteen years, to be reckoned from the date of the exchange of the ratifica-
tions of this treaty, any ships wheresoever built, being homa fide the property of and wholly owned
by one or more citizens of the Peru-Bolivian Confederation, and whereof the masters and three-
fourths of the mariners, at least, are also natural-born citizens of the Peru-Bolivian Confede-
ration, or persons domiciliated in the Peru-Bolivian Confederation by act of the Government,
as lawful subjects of the Peru-Bolivian Confederation, to be certified according to the laws of that
country, shall be considered as Peru-Bolivian ships; His Majesty the King of the United King-
dom of Great Britain and Ireland reserving to himself the right, at the end of the said term of
fifteen years, to claim the principle of reciprocal restrictions stipulated for in article 7, above re-
ferred to, if the interests of British navigation shall be found to be prejudiced by the present
exception to that reciprocity in favour of Peru-Bolivian shipping.
2. Ships and Goods of either Country on footing of most favoured Nations.—It is further
agreed that, for the like term of fifteen years, the stipulations contained in the Articles 5 and 6
of the present treaty shall be suspended : and, in lieu thereof, it is hereby agreed, that until the
expiration of the said term of fifteen years, British ships entering into the ports of the Peru-
Bolivian Confederation, from the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, or any other
of His Britannic Majesty's dominions, and all articles, the growth, produce, or manufacture of
the United Kingdom, or of any of the said dominions, imported in such ships, shall pay no other
or higher duties than are or may hereafter be payable, in the said ports, by the ships, and the
like goods the growth, produce, or manufacture of the most favoured nation: and reciprocally,
it is agreed that Peru-Bolivian ships entering into the ports of the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, or any other of His Britannic Majesty's dominions, from any port of the
Peru-Bolivian Confederation, and all articles, the growth, produce or manufacture of the said
Confederation, imported in such ships, shall pay no other or higher duties than are or may
hereafter be payable, in the said ports, by the ships and the like goods, the growth, produce, or
manufacture of the most favoured nation; and #. no higher duties shall be paid, or bounties
or drawbacks allowed, on the exportation of any article, the growth, produce, or manufacture of
the dominions of either country, in the ships of the other, than upon the exportation of the like
articles in the ships of any other foreign country.
It being understood that, at the end of the said term of fifteen years, the stipulations of the
said 5th and 6th Articles shall, from thenceforward, be in full force between the two countries.
The present additional articles shall have the same force and validity as if they were inserted
word for word, in the treaty signed this day. They shall be ratified, and the ratification shall be
exchanged at the same time.
In witness whereof the respective plenipotentiaries have signed the same, and have affixed
thereto their respective seals.
Done at Lima, 5th June, 1837. BELFoRD HINTon WILson.
LoRENzo BAzo.


514 N()]?"I'H AND SOUTH SEAS, &c. [1845.
6. Biitish merchandisc, or recognised as coming from the British dominions,
shall not be prohibited ; ºr shall they be subjected to a higher duty than five per
cent. ad ralure”.
7. No tonnag". Import, or other duties shall be levied on British vessels or
goods, or on goods imported in British vessels, beyond what are levied on the
* essels or goods of the most favoured nation.
8. The subjects of the King of the Sandwich Islands shall, in their commercial
and other relations with Great Britain, be treated on the footing of the most
favoured nation.
I) one af Jahaina, the 12th of February, 1844.
KAMEil AMEHA III.
KEcAULuoh 1.
W.M. MILLER.
Signed in the presence
G. P. Ji in, Secretary for Foreign Affairs.
R. ('. \ , 1.1.1". Secretary to General Miller.
.#dditional Article.
his Majesty the King of the Iławalian Islands, being anxious to suppress
intemperance within his dominions, and with that view having taken measures to
obtain the consent of the French (i.overnment to the abrogation of the sixth article
of the treaty of the 17th of July, 1839, which admits the introduction of spirits
and wines on payment of a duty of 5 per cent., it is hereby further agreed, that if
Ilis Majesty the King of the French should consent to the abrogation, or to any
alteration, of the said article, Her Majesty the Queen of Great Britain will like-
wise consent so to alter the sixth article of the foregoing treaty as that it may
have precisely the same effect in what relates to intoxicating liquors, and that this
additional article shall be referred to the British Government for approval, to be
afterwards appended to the convention at present agreed to.
KAMEHAMEHA III.
KECAULUohi.
W. Mr LLER.
OTAHEITE.
TAHITI.
Tahiti, Aug. 15, 1843.
The laws of the island have been revised and republished. The pilotage and
harbour dues are now—for ships under 50 tons, $15; under 100 tons, $20;
under 300 tons, 25 dols.; and 7 dols. for every additional 100 tons. All intoxi-
cating drinks are to be placed in bond immediately the vessel arrives, under a
penalty of 500 dols.; and spirits are not to be sold in less quantities than two
gallons, the duty being 1 dol. per gallon.—Cor.
SOUTH SEA ISLANDS.
Principal Ports.-Friendly Islands, Huhaheine (Island of), Marquesas
(Islands), New Britain, New Caledonia, New Hebrides, New Ireland
(Islands), Otaheite, Owhyhee (Islands of), Queen Charlotte's Island, Sand-
wich Islands, Solomon's Islands.
Eacclusive Trade to cease.—So much of the Act of 9 Anne as vests, or
may be deemed to have vested, in the South Sea Company or Corporation
by the said Act directed, the sole privilege of trade into and from all king-
doms and places whatsoever within the limits of the charter of the said
company, as described in the said Act, and all powers and privileges to the
South Sea Company or Corporation by the .# Act given for carrying on
such sole trade, and all penalties and forfeitures by the said Act enacted for
securing the same, and for preventing His Majesty's subjects from carrying
on trade contrary to the provisions of the said Act, are hereby declared to
be absolutely repealed. 55 Geo. 3, c. 51, $ 1.


PART XIV.] NORTH AND SOUTH SEAS, &c. 515
Duties.—The duties granted by 55 Geo. 3, c. 57, are repealed. 6 & 7
Will. 4, c. 60, § 13.
DANGEROUS REEFS IN THE SOUTH PACIFIC OCEAN.
The following important information has been received at New Bedford from
the American Consul at the Bay of Islands:—
I have obtained information of three dangerous rocks in juxta-position with the
Centis Islands in the South pacific Ocean. The position of these rocks lie directly
in the track of ships cruising from Spain, while in lat. 31 14. long. 1783, bearing
E.N.E. by compass from the French Rock 85 miles distant; said to be 12 feet
water on the first, but no breakers were discovered on it.
The second rock lies in lat. 31 13, long. 179 W., bearing W.N.W. of the
French Rock 10 miles distant, just a wash with the surface of the sea, and breaks
high in boisterous weather.
The third was observed in lat. 31°29′ S., long. 178° 28′E., bearing W. from the
French Rock about 133 miles distant, and heavy breakers on it in rough weather.”
FALKLAND ISLANDS.
By O. C., June 29, 1836, the Falkland Islands are stated to be British ground,
How the Queen in Council may make Laws, constitute Courts, &c.—
Whereas divers of Her Majesty's subjects have resorted to and taken up
their abode, and may hereafter resort to and take up their abode at divers
places on or adjacent to the coast of the continent of Africa and on the
Falkland Islands: and whereas it is necessary that Her Majesty should be
enabled to make further and better provision for the civil government of the
said settlements: it is therefore enacted that it shall be lawful for Her
Majesty, by any order to be by her made, with the advice of her Privy
Council, to establish all such laws, institutions, and ordinances, and to con-
stitute such courts and officers, and to make such regulations for the pro-
ceedings in such courts, and for the administration of justice, as may be
necessary for the peace, order, and good government of Her Majesty's sub-
jects and others within the said present or future settlements respectively, or
any of them. 6 & 7 Vict. c. 13, § 1. [April 11, 1843.]
How the Queen may delegate her Powers to resident Officers.--It shall
be lawful for IHer Majesty, by any commission under the great seal of the
United Kingdom, or by any instructions under Her Majesty's signet and
sign manual, accompanying and referred to in any such commission, to dele-
gate to any three or more persons within any of the settlements aforesaid
respectively the powers and authorities so vested in Her Majesty in council,
either in whole or in part, and subject to all such conditions as by any such
commission or instructions IIer Majesty shall see fit to prescribe: Provided,
that notwithstanding any such delegation it shall still be competent to Her
Majesty in council, in manner aforesaid, to exercise all the powers and au-
thorities so vested in Her Majesty: Provided also, that all such orders in
council, commissions, and instructions, and all laws and ordinances so to be
made shall be laid before both Houses of Parliament as soon as conveniently
may be after the making and enactment thereof respectively.


518 ADDENDA..
Powders.
31. Two dozen Purgative, each to contain l dr. of Compound Powder of Jalap,
and 2 grs. of ("alomel.
35. Two dozen Emetic, each to contain 15 grs. of Ipecacuanha, and 2 grs.
of Tartrate of Antimony.
36. Two dozen Sudorific, each to contain 10 grs. of Nitre, 10 grs. of Cream of
Tartar, and 3 grs. of Dover's Powder.
37. Two dozen Injection, each to contain 3 grs. of the Acetate of Zinc.
38. One set Scales and Weights.
39. ()ne Marble Mortar and Pestle.
40. ()ne Tile.
4 l. ()ne (Hraduated Measure.
42. One Funnel.
43. One Small Pewter Cup.
44. Two Pewter Tea-spoons.
45. One Spatula.
46. One Scissors.
47. One Syringe.
48. Two lancets.
49. Six Bandages, of different sizes.
50. Six yards of Calico.
51. A paper of Needles, Pins, and Thread.
The pills and powders are to be carefully put up in tin or leaden boxes, and
properly labelled.
The above are the quantities of medicines to be supplied to ten men, and are to
be increased, proportionally, for any additional number of men borne.
By command of their Lordships,
SIDNEY HERBERT.
UNITEI) KlNGIDOM.
CLAss I.
FRUIT.—ORANGEs.
By T. L., January 3, 1845, my Lords are pleased to authorise that all chests
or boxes of oranges and lemons, measuring 36 inches in length, 20 in width, and
7 in depth, and having cones of 9 and under 12 inches in heighth, may be ad-
mitted to entry, at the ruled duty of 3s. 9d. each, and that all chests and boxes of
the above length, width, and depth, having cones amounting to, or exceeding 12
inches in heighth, may be charged with the ruled duty of 7s.6d, each.
CLAss VI.
Lead–Litharge ºf.-By T. L., Nov. 5, 1844, Litharge of Lead may be taken
out of bond, for the purpose of extracting silver therefrom.
Plate.—By C. O., Nov, 16, 1844, the Collectors and Controllers may allow
the delivery, free of duty, of such old British plate as may have been taken abroad
by the persons who bring the articles back, upon a declaration in proof that the
same were taken out by them, that the property remains unchanged, that no
drawback was received thereon.
Cr,Ass XVII.
Coffee.—By C.O., Dec. 19, 1844, samples of coffee, imported in packages as
such, not exceeding half-pound weight each, may be passed duty free, provided
the officers shall be satisfied that they are intended for samples only.


ADDENDA. 519
CLASS XVIII.
SAMPLES.
Spirits.-By C. O., November 12, 1844, the attention of the Board having
been drawn to differences between the strength of several casks of rum, as ascer-
tained at one of the outports, and that found on their removal to London under
bond; and as it would appear that this difference has arisen in consequence of the
samples thereof having been taken without removing the casks from the position
in which they had remained undisturbed, for a considerable period at the portnof
importation, the officers at the several outports are to govern themselves by the
practice observed in London in such cases, viz., immediately prior to drawing
samples for delivery, or for any revenue purpose, to require all casks of spirits to
be broken up from the places where they have been stowed away, and to have
them rolled over, and made up for regauging and retrying.
DEFICIENCIES.
Spirits.-A petition having been presented to the Treasury, praying that the
duty might be remitted on the deficiencies in six casks of Geneva, warehoused at
Brewer's Quay, their Lordships authorise the duty to be remitted in the present
case, provided the officers of customs are satisfied that the same have arisen from
matural causes, and that no abstraction or improper interference has taken place,
and in all similar cases. By C. O., Nov. 25, 1844, the officers are to govern
themselves, with reference to the regulations in respect to deficiencies on brandy
in general, minute of Nov. 1843 [p. 120].
CHANNEL ISLAND SPIRITS.
By C. O., Dec. 1844, it is stated, on a memorial to the Treasury, praying that
the duty on certain Channel Island spirits may be paid according to the quantity
ascertained after vatting, instead of that ascertained at the time of importation,
their Lordships' concurrence is given thereto. And the Commissioners, adverting
to the circumstance, that duty should be charged upon all deficiencies of Guernsey
and Jersey spirits, ascertained to have arisen between the period of importation
and that of the regauge, prior to their reduction in strength, for home use, have
given directions that no duty shall be charged on any deficiency arising from such
process.
CLASS XX.
Corn.—By C. O., Dec. 9, 1844, the duty due at the actual time of each entry
of Foreign Corn for Home Consumption, whether prime or post, is to be only
received.
EXPORTS_PAPER.
By T. L., Dec. 30, 1844, my Lords are of opinion, that it will be advisable to
modify the order under which the examination of paper for export was placed upon
its present footing.
My Lords consider, therefore, that all parties intending to export paper in
future, should give notice to the excise officers, who shall attend, and take account
of the packing; that such packages shall be exported without further examination
under certificate of the excise, unless the officers of customs on their being offered
for shipment, shall have good reason to suspect, from information or otherwise,
that there is any fraud in the transaction.
My Lords further consider it necessary, that the officers of customs should
attend with particularity to the size, description of, and marks on the packages,
so that if any package be offered for exportation, without such certificate from the
excise, the officers of customs should, in each such case, adhere to the existing
regulation.
DANGERS OF THE SEAS.
COLDBOLD'S PATENT LIFE BUOY,
The subject of shipwreck is of such vast importance to the maritime interests,
not only of this country, but of the whole world, that any suggestion for mitigating


520 ADDENDA.
its evils deserves attention. The present suggestion seems well suited to its end.
The apparatus is constructed for the purpose of carrying a rope from stranded or
wrecked vessels to the shore, or for communicating from one vessel to another
in case of need. It is so admirably contrived, that it has only to be thrown over-
board, when it immediately rights itself and sails away, carrying with it a small
rope. If every vessel had one of these on hoard very few lives would be lost at
Sea.
Most vessels are wrecked on a lee shore, and bodies are generally washed on the
coast within eight or ten hours after she goes to pieces.—Ed.
WRECK OFF THE GRIBBEN HEAD, NEAR FOWEY, CORNWALL-
Trinity-House, London, Dec. 1st., 1844.
Notice is hereby given that a green buoy marked “Wreck,” has been laid seven
fathoms S.W. from a vessel sunk in the track of shipping between the Deadman and
. ... "Harbour.
Fowey 1... in 12% fathoms at low water, and with the following marks and
The buoy lies * -
compass bearings, viz. sail's breadth open of the east
Menabily Grotto, a ... ºd - - s . N.E. by N.
end of the Gribbon Hea, extreme end of Pen-
Landsailes Tower, on with the . - • . E. by N.
carrah Head . - - J. HERBERT, Secretary,
By Order
WREC TOL CHANNEL.
WRECK IN r
KINGROAD, BRIS', London, Dec. 26, 1844,
Trinity-House, he word “Wreck,” has
Notice is hereby given, that a green buoy marked with t “oad.
been placed 30 fathoms S.S.W. of a schooner sunk in King, l with the following
The buoy lies in 5% fathom at low water spring tides, and
mark and compass beaaings, viz. –
Blacknose Point just opening without Fort Point, * S.
and bearing . - - - - • ... W. & N.
Denny Rock . . N.W. g .
Avon Light-house - - S.S.E # 1. Secretary,
By order, J. HERBERT, &
WRECK IN GRAVESEND REACH. 45.
Trinity-House, London, January 2, 18, shore
Notice is hereby given, that two Beacons have been erected on the south ssel,
of the lower part of Gravesend Reach, to denote the situation of a sunken va gut
which lies with the two Beacons in line, the northernmost of the two being ab, ow
110 fathoms distant from the wreck, over which there are two fathoms at
Water. By order, J. HERBERT, SecA
POST OFFICE.
CERTAIN ARTICLES NOT TO BE SENT BY POST. º
By Treasury Warrant, Nov. 28, 1844, it is directed that no letter or packet
shall be forwarded, conveyed, or delivered by the post, either within the Únited'
Kingdom or any of Her Majesty's colonies, containing any of the following
enclosures, that is to say: any glass or glass bottle; any razor, scissors, knife,
fork, or other sharp or pointed instrument; any leeches, game, fish, flesh, fruit,
vegetables, Or other perishable substance; any bladder or other vessel containing
liquid, or any article, matter, or thing whatsoever which might, by pressure or
otherwise, be rendered injurious either to the officers of the post-office, or to the
contents of the mail-bags.
*


ADDENI)A. 521
EAST INDIES.
By Treasury Warrant, 28th Nov., 1844, to come into operation 1st Jan.,
1845, it is directed that on all letters not exceeding half an ounce in weight,
transmitted by the post from the United Kingdom, or from Gibraltar, Malta, the
Ionian Isles, France, Spain, Portugal, Italy, Greece, Turkey, Syria, or Egypt, to
Bombay, or Madras, or Calcutta, in the East Indies, and forwarded from such
place of arrival by packet boats or private ships to any place situate to the east-
ward of such place of arrival (Ceylon only excepted); and all letters sent by
packet boats or private ships to Bombay from any places situate to the eastward
of Bombay, or sent by packet boats or private ships to Madras from any places
situate to the eastward of Madras, or sent by packet boats or private ships to
Calcutta from any places situate to the eastward of Calcutta (Ceylon, in every
case, only excepted); and from Bombay, Madras, or Calcutta, respectively,
transmitted by the post to the United Kingdom, or to Gibraltar, Malta, the
Ionian Isles, France, Spain, Portugal, Italy, Greece, Turkey, Syria, or Egypt;
and on all letters not exceeding half an ounce in weight, passing between any of
the British colonies or any foreign country, and any place situate or lying to the
eastward of Bombay, Madras, or Calcutta (Ceylon only excepted), and sent viá
the United Kingdom and Bombay, Madras, or Calrutta (the conveyance between
any such eastward place and Bombay, Madras or Calcutta, being by packet boats,
or private ships) there shall be charged and taken (in addition to all other rates of
postage payable by law on such letters) one uniform rate of postage of fourpence;
and that on all letters transmitted and sent as hereinbefore in this clause men-
tioned, exceeding half an ounce in weight, there shall be charged (in addition to
all other rates of postage payable by law on such letters) progressive and
additional rates of postage, each additional rate being estimated at four-pence,
according to the scale of weight and number of rates fixed by the Act of 3 & 4
Vict. ſp. 247]; but the additional rate of four-pence hereinbefore mentioned is
not to extend to the letters of soldiers or sailors in the service of Her Majesty, or
of the East India Company, provided such letters do not exceed half an ounce in
weight, and are forwarded in conformity with the existing regulations; provided
also, that such postage of four-pence, and such progressive and additional postage
on such letters sent from the United Kingdom, or posted in Gibraltar, Malta, the
Ionian Isles, or in any British Colony or foreign country, shall be prepaid at the
time of posting the same, except as to letters addressed to the Island of Hong
Kong, in China, and forwarded vid Southampton and the Mediterranean packet
boats, on which letters the prepayment of such additional rates of postage shall be
optional with the sender.
WAREHOUSING.
Manchester.—By C. O., Dec. 16, 1844, it is stated, that the Board have ap-
proved of premises at Manchester for the reception of goods in general, including
tobacco, under the provisions of the Warehousing Act.
RUSSIA.
EEACONS IN THE GULF OF FINLAND.
Extract from a Publication made by the Russian Government on the 18th of
November, 1844.
On the south side of the Gulf of Finland, in the Government of St. Petersburgh,
a pyramidal wooden beacon is erected on the hill called Strepiloff, with two shields
on the top in the form of a cross. The pyramid is painted white, and the cross
black. It is 45 feet in height from its hase, and 171 feet from the level of the
water. It is placed in north latitude 59° 58' 30"; longitude, east of Greenwich,
299 97.
On one of the northernmost headlands of the island Lavenscaar, a four-sided
pyramidal wooden beacon is erected, with an iron vane on its apex. The sides


522 ADDENDA.
facing the N.E. and N.W. are painted white, those facing the S.E. and S.W. red,
and the roof black. It is 80 feet in height from its base, and 88 feet from the
level of the water. It is placed in north latitude 60° 2' 8"; longitude east of
Greenwich 27° 51' 5".
On the isthmus joining the island of Suisari to Lavenscaar a wooden beacon is
erected, in the shape of a shield, 25 feet long and 8 feet broad. The side facing
the north is painted black, with a white spot in the middle. It is placed two and
a half Italian miles from the beacon on Lavenscaar, bearing by the compass S.E.
it is 28 feet in height from its base. and 35 feet from the level of the water.
PORTUGAL.
9() RT WINE.
The Annual Return from the Oporto Custom-house of the total shipments of
Port wine during the past year, amounted to 33,916 pipes—viz., to Great Britain
and Ireland, 25,492 United States of America, 3,278; Brazil, 1,943; Hamburgh,
919; Calcutta and Hong Kong, 716; Denmark, Sweden, and Norway, 290;
Quebec and Montreal, 225 ; Halifax, 212; Holland, 162; Newfoundland, 109;
Russia, 95 ; Prussia, 67 ; France, 6: Portuguese settlements, &c., 432—total
33,946 pipes.
OLDENBURG.
CoNSUI, GENERAL.
HENRY FREDERICK TIARKS, Esq., 48, Fenchurch Street.
CHINA.
NEWLY DISCOVERED LEDGE OF ROCKS.
To THE EDITOR of Tril. HoNGKox g {}AzETTE.
SIR,-Permit me through the medium of your publication to point out
the existence of a ledge of rocks, which I discovered the other day on my passage
from Chusan, lying a few miles outside of the Hishan Group; being much in the
acay of vessels running to or from the former place, must be considered very dan-
gerous ; and as nothing is said of it in the “ sailing directions” of the late sur-
veys of that neighbourhood, I believe it to have been hitherto unknown. Its ap-
proximate position is as follows:—from the northernmost detached rock of the
group, N.E. # E., 2% and 33 miles; from the southeasternmost islet N. by E.
# E., 4 and 5 miles; lying in a N.E. and S.W. direction, in extent 50 to 80
yards.
It was just sunset when I passed it, and we were going very fast through the
water or I should have sent a boat to examine it more closely; of its existence,
however, there is not a doubt.
I have reason to think that at high tide and smooth water it may not break;
but when we passed it broke every few seconds, chiefly on the N.E. end.
As most vessels on leaving Chusan steer to pass close to the Hishan Islands, to
avoid the above reef, they must either do so within about 1 to 13 miles, or at least
5 outside of the northernmost rock.-I am, Sir, your obedient servane,
John WALKER.
“Will o' the Wisp,” Nov. 8, 1844.
P.S.–I saw the reef last year; but being night and nearly calm, I took the
roller, which was about a half a mile outside of me at the time, for a plashing of
fish.


ADDENDA. 523
TEA.
An Account of the Export of Tea from China from the 1st October, 1843 to
the 4th October, 1844 :—
lb. lb.
Congou • . 39,535,258 Twankay - o 4,098,226
Souchong - 1,397,735 Young Hyson - 1,698,422
Black Leaf Pekoe - 298,560 Gunpowder . - 1,556,201
Pekoe . s 435,963 Imperial - 699,237
Orange Pekoe . 1,238,660 | Hyson - - 1,266,266
Campoi e 157,630 | Hyson Skin - 572,639
Caper - - 575,535 -
Bohea - 11,193 || Total Green . - 9,890,291
-- Sorts - - 81,766
Total Black . 43,610,536 wº-
| Grand Total , 53,583.293
ICHABOE.
EXHAUSTION OF GUANO.
[Extract of a letter forwarded from the Admiralty to Mr. W. Dobson, the
Secretary at Lloyd's.]
From Sir John Marshall, of Her Majesty's ship Isis, to the Hon. Jocelyn Percy,
dated Sept. 21, 1844.
Nearly one-half of the guano is already shipped, amounting to about 90,000
tons, and, from the activity displayed in its removal, the remainder may be ex-
pected to disappear in six months from this time, unless the present boisterous
weather impedes the shipment; but little guano has been shipped during the last
eight days in consequence of the strong wind and heavy seas; and in reference to
the 58,000 tons now here, and what may be reasonably supposed to be on the
passage, the ships now engaged in this business will appear to be not far from
sufficient for its entire removal. This fact, if known, would assist mercantile
speculators in their shipping arrangements. It is necessary to observe that the
tonnage of shipping is measurement, and that they will load one-third more. The
quantity of guano now to be shipped is about 90,000 to 100,000 tons.
CAPE OF GOOD HOPE.
DISCOVERY OF A GUANO ISLAND.
Cape Town, Nov. 9. 1844.
A discovery has just been made of a Guano Island in the neighbourhood of
Saldanha Bay, which, being within the limits of the British Government, has
been claimed by our representative, and licenses are to be granted for loading
vessels at the rate of 11. Sterling per ton.—Cor.
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA.
United States Legation, Macao, July 4, 1844.
The Minister of the United States has the pleasure to announce that yesterday,
at Wanghia, he concluded and signed with the Imperial Commissioner, Keying, a
treaty of peace, amity, and commerce between the United States and China.
The terms of the treaty, which will in due time be made public by the proper
authorities, are such, he is happy to say, as he believes will confirm the good
understanding which already exists between the two Governments, and, if ratified,
prove beneficial to the commerce and interests of the citizens and subjects of both
countries.
The Minister of the United States congratulates his countrymen on this event,
and offers them, on this happy anniversary of the independence of their country,
his hearty wishes for their health and prosperity, and joins them in their aspira-
tions for the continued peace, welfare, and glory of the United States.


G E N E R A L IND EX.
AALBoltg, 330
Aarhus, 330, 333
Aasgaardstrand, 321
Abandonment of warehoused goods,
48, 267
Abbeville, 354
Abbreviations, xvii
Abenrade, 330
Aberdeen, 272
Aberystwith, 272
Abo, 277
Acajutla, 500
Acapulco, 496
Accidents, warehoused goods lost or
destroyed by, 261
Accounts of warehoused goods on re-
moval from port to port, 262
— of all other sorts are given under the
names of the articles or places to
which they respectively appertain
Accounts of Imports, Exports, Duties,
Vessels, &c., xxviii
Accoutrements, military, 126, 185
Acetic Acid, 180
Acid, acetous, 240
boracic, 85
citric, 78
tartaric, 89
Acorns, 63
Acra, 453
Acummersiel, 341
Address to the Reader, ix
Aden, 394, 439
Addenda, 517
Adicora, 501
Admeasurement of Ships, 7
Admiralty, Droits of, 141
Adra, 361
Advertisements, Duty on, 244
AEther, 236
Affidavit, 244
AFRICA, in general, 446
— trade with Europe, 295
Asia, 2, 393
America, 2, 463
— whence, and in what ships, goods of,
may be imported and exported, 3
AFRICA, how trade of British posses-
sions may be regulated by order in
council, 448
Agates, 126
Agents, Custom House, 289
Agreements with seamen, 10
stamp duty on, 243
Agent and principal, 289
Aggurhuys, 321
Aguilas, 361
Agulhas, 455
Ahuys, 315
Akka, 397
Alogoas, 502
Aland, 309
Albarado, 496
Aldborough, 217
Alderney. See Guernsey
Ale, 59, 185
Aleppi, 428
Alexandretta, 277, 397
Alexandria, Africa, 277
Alganobilla, 63
Algesiras, 354
Algiers, 277, 449
Algoa Bay, 455
Alicant, 277, 354
Alicata, 385
Aliens, 285
Alkali, 83
Alkmaar, or Alkmeer, 334
Alkanet root, 83
Alloa, 272
Allowances on warehoused goods, 268
— spirits, 119
Almeria, 277, 354
Almonds, 54, 283 -
oil of, 79
Alnmouth, 272
Aloes, 83
Altea, 277, 354
Altenbrauch, 341
Altona, 330
Alum, 83
Alvarado, 496
Amber, 83
Ambergris, 83


526
INDEX.
Banda, 4 10
Bandannoes. See Silk
Bandstring twist, 9 |
Banff, 272
Banka, 1()
Bankok, 102
13aracoa, 183
Barbadoes, 278, 477, 179
Barbary, 119
Barcelona, Spain, 27.8, 361
— ("olombia, 500, 50)
Barcelor, 278
|Barfleur, 35 ſ
Barilla, S
IBark, 8 |
Barley and Barley Meal, 58, 152. See
Corn
— Pearl, 58.
Barletta, 38 |
Barnstaple, 272, 277
Barwood. 64
Barth, 324, 348
Basket rods, 128
See (’orn
Bastia, 35 |
Bast hats or bonnets, l ; 1
— platting, 146
— ropes, twine, and strands, 102
Batavia, 172, 278, 139
Batchian, 440
Battens and batten ends, 65
Bavaria, 325, 329
Bayonne, 278, 354
Bay berries, 84
Bay of Iłonduras, 278
— Campeachy, 278
— of Roses, 278
Bays, oil of, 79
Beacons. See Lights
Beads, 74, 97, 128, 198
Beans, 152
— French or Kidney, 58
Bear skins, 90
Beaver, 90
Beavoir, 354
Bedique, 477
Beds, feathers for, 141
— of wool, 185
Beef, 60, 185
Beef wood, 61
Beer, 59, 186
— or Bigg, 153.
Bees’ wax, 90
Beetlefackie, 394
Beet-root sugar, 237.
Beiraut, 397
Belfast, 111, 272, 430
Belgium, 337
Belize, 64
See Corn
See Sugar
Bell metal, 76
Bencoolen, 439
Bengal, 278
Benicarlo, 361
Berbice, 278, 473, 477
Bergamot, 79
Bergen, 278, 321
Bermuda, 278, 477
Berries, 54, 84
Berwick Harbour, 272
Beyrout, 397
Bideford, 272, 277
Bigg, 153. See Corn
Bilboa, 278, 361
Hilleton, 440
Billet wood, 70
Hills of store. Sec Goods
— of exchange, 240, 254
— of lading, 245
Bimlepatam, 428
Pintand, 440
Birch wood, 69
Birds, 128
Birman Empire, 402
Biscuit, 165. See Corn
Bitumen Judaicum, 85
Bjorneburg, 309
Blacking, 128
Black lead, 75
Black Sea, 390
Black wood, 64
I3]ack River, Jamaica, 469
Bladders, 128
Blanes, 361
Blankenese, 330
Blubber, 81
Blumenthal, 341
Boards, 65
— mill, paste, scale, and button,
145, 196
— pasteboards, 145, 196
Boats. See Ships
Bogense, 330
Bolivia, 45
Bombay, 278, 428, 485
Bona, 278
Bonavista, 461
Bonds, warehousing, 241, 257
[The regulations concerning other
bonds will be found under the
names of the several articles or
places to which they relate.]
Bonding System. See Warehousing
Bones, 137
Bonksiel, 330
Bonnets. See Silk, 143
Bonny, 454
Books, 128, 132
Boots, 93
Boracic Acid, 85
Borax, or tincal, 85


INDEX. 527
Bordeaux, 354, 278
Borgo, 309
Borneo, 440
Bornholm, 278, 330
Borregarol, 321
Borrestad, 321
Borrowstones, 272
Boston, England, 272
— America, 278
Botany Bay, 278
Bottle tickets, 199
Bottling off rum or wine in warehouse.
See Spirits and Wine
Bottles, 98, 191, 194, 237
Bottomry, 26
Boulogne, 354
Bounties on goods in general. See
Goods and Duties
Bourbon, 461
Bouro, 440
Boxes, 138
Boxwood, 64
Brahastadt, 309
Brake, 350
Bran, 190. See Corn
Brandy. See Spirits
Brass, 71
— powder of 71
— wire, 74
Brava, 461
Brazil, 45, 188, 278, 502
— wood, 64
Braziletto wood, 64
Bredstedt, 330
Bremen, 44, 189, 277, 344
Bremerlohe, 341
Bremervoorde, 341
Brensurseil, 341
Brest, 354
Brevig, 321
Bricks, 104, 186, 235
Bridge Town, 469, 472
Bridgewater, 272, 277
Bridle Stands or Frames, 199
Briel or Brielle, 334
Brigs. See Ships
Brimstone, 72
Brindisi, 384
Bristles, 138
Bristol, 111, 272, 277, 430
British Possessions. See Possessions
— masters of ships who are qualified
to be such, 4
— Channel, 277
— Colonies, governors of, xliv
— West India, 477
- Goods as Stores, 283
— Northern Colonies, 474
- Consuls abroad, xliii
— Ministers abroad, xli
Brocade of gold or silver, 138
Brokers, 289
Bronze, 72
Brooches, 198
Bronwershoven, or Bromwershaven, 334
Bruges, 337
Brunsbuttel, 330
Brunswick, New, 279
Brushwood, 70
Brushes, health for, 144
Brussels, 337
Buckles, 199
Buck wheat, 153
Buenaventura, 500
Buenos Ayres, 45, 278, 505
Bugles, 97
Bulk. See Goods and Warehousing
Bullets, 126
Bullion, 72, 193
— spangles, 195
Bull-rushes, 138
Bulls, 52
Bungsill, 330
Buoys, Great Britain and Ireland,
216
— Foreign.
and Places.
Burg, 330
Burgundy pitch, 88
Burmese territory, 402
Bushire, 396
Busum, 330
Bussorah, 394
Busts, casts of, 139
Butter, 60, 283
Button board, 196, 238
Buttons, 73, 198
Buxtehude, 341
See names of Nations
C
Cabinets, silver, 199
Cables, 102
Caboon, 454
Cachaa, 400
Caddy ladles, 199
Cadiz, 278, 361
Caen, 354
Cagliari, 378
Calabar, 278, 4.54
Calais, 354
Calashes, 93
Calcutta, 278, 428, 437, 485
California, 496
Callao, 278, 510
Calmar, 315
Calves, 52
Camaret, 354
Cameroon, 454
Cambodia, 400
Cambrics, 95
Caminha, 367
Camel's hair, 94
Camomile flowers, 85


INDEX.
Charente, 354
Charlestown, 278, 469, 472
Charlotte Town, 469, 472
Charter party, 245
Charts, 145
Cheese, 60, 283
Chepstow, 272, 277
Cherbourg, 354
Cheribon, 439
Cherries, 54
Chesapeake Bay, 278
Chesnuts, 55
Chester, 272
Chichester, 272
Chicory, 52
Chili, 278, 510
Chiloe, 510
‘CHINA, 278, 402,485
Cochin, 400
root, 85
sugar, 167
ware, 98
Ghinchilla, 90
Chinhae, 407
Chip hats or bonnets, 144
Chip of willow for platting, 139, 143,
146
Chisme, 387
Chittagong, 428
Chocolate and cocoa paste, 106
Choroni, 501
Christiana, 278, 321
Christiansand, 321
Christianstadt, 309, 315
Chromate of iron, 75
— of lead, 75
Churches, 139
Chusan, 410
Cider, 5.9
Cienfuegos, 483
Cigars, 110, 187.
Cimbrishamn, 315
Cinders, 73, 188
Cinnabaris nativa, 85
Cinnamon, 62
Cinque Ports, rates of pilotage, 221
Cisme, 387
Citrate of lime, 85
Citric acid, 78
Citron, 54
Civet, 85
Civita Vecchia, 278
Classification of articles, 51
Cleaning of warehoused goods, 58,270
Clinkers, 104
Clippings, 86
Clocks, 139, 187
Clogs, 93
Cloth, 187
Clothing, military, 203
Clover-seed, 63
See Tobacco
Cloves, 62
— oil of, 79
Coals, 73, 188, 212
— Trimmers, 3
Coastwise, 211
Coastwise, goods carried, when to be
deemed to take effect from, xx
— in what ships goods to be carried,
coastwise, 2
— trade, definition of, 211
— general regulations, 211
Cobalt, 73, 85
Cochin China, 400
Cochineal, 85
Cocoa, 55, 105, 267, 283, 471
— nuts, 190
– oil, 79
Coculus indicus, 78, 85
Codilla, 94
Coffee, 105, 190, 267, 283, 471
Coin, gold or silver, 72
— of all sorts. See the names of the
several places
— copper, 73
Coir, rope, twine, and strands, 102, 148
Coke, 188
Colberg, 324
Colchester, 272
Colden, 330
Colchicum seed, 63
Colding, 330
Coleraine, 272
Cole-seed, 63
Collars, for castors, &c., 198
Collisions, 27
Cologne-water, 83
Colocynth, 85
Colombia, 44, 188, 500
Colonia, 505
Colonial Letters, 247
Colonies, Governors of, xlvi
Colonies, British, 298
Colours, painters, 88
Colts, 52
Columbia River, 278
Columbo root, 85
Columbo, 278, 400
Comfits, 52
Commendo, 453
Commerce, general regulations of, 1
— conventions of. See the names of
the several kingdoms and places
Conchagud, 500,
Coney, 90
Confectionary, 61
Conquet, 354
Conserves, 61
Consignees, 36
Constantinople, 278, 387
Construction in general, xx
Consuls, British, abroad, xliii
2 M


INDEX. 531
3Devise, 354
Dialette, 354
Diamonds, 14]
Diaper, 95
Dice, 141, 187.
Dieppe, 354
Digby, 472
Divi Divi, 85
Dixcove, 453
Documents. See the names of the
several articles and places
D’Omonville, 354
Dominica, 278, 477
Dorcum, or Dokkum, 334
Dormummersiel, 341
Dortrecht, or Dordrecht, 334
Douglas, Nova Scotia, 477
Dover, 272
Down, 141
Dragon's blood, 89
Dram, 321
Dramatic Pieces, 133
Drawbacks. See Duties
Drawing off warehoused rum for stores,
262
Drawings, 146
Dresses, silk. See Cotton and Silk
Dress swords, 277
Drillings. See Limen
Droback, 321
Drogheda, 111, 272
Droits of Admiralty, 141
Drontheim, 278, 321
Drugs, 83, 85
Dublin, 111, 272, 430
Dui, 402
HDumaum, 402
Dumfries, 272
Dunbar, 272
Dundalk, 272
Dundee, 272
Dunkirk, 354
Dutch proprietors of estates in Beme-
rara, Essequibo, and Berioice, 473
Duties, drawbacks, and bounties, xxvi
— new ones granted, 16
— rates of, on mport, 47, 299
— reciprocity, 39
— computation, of, 48
— on export, 185
— abandonment of warehoused goods
for duties, 48
— payable in British possessions in
America, 467
— return of, 293
— tonnage, 214
— countervailing,236
— inland excise, 237
— lights, buoys, &c., 21%
— pilotage, 219
— stamp, 240
See Cards
Duties, Trinity, 217, 220
— local, 217
See also various kingdoms, as Russia,
&c.
Dye-lac, 87
Dyers' Fºrk, 84
Dye st:#s, 83
E.
Earthenware, 97
East Coast, light, &c. duties, 218
EAST INDſ es, viz —
— in general, 428
— goods of, how they may be imported
from Gibraltar or Malta, into United
Kingdom, 2
— natives of, not deemed British Sea-
men, 4
— ports for importation into United
Kingdom, 430
— American vessels, 42, 485
East Friesland, 344
East Ries, 321
Eau-de-Cologne, 83
Ebony, 64
Eckenforde, 330
Edam, 334
Eels, 53
Effects of Seamen, 18
Eggs, 60
Egypt, 45, 448
Elenas, 309
bºlba, 278
Elbe, 325, 342, 344, 348
Elhing, 278, 324
Elephant's teeth, 150
Elimeshorn, 330
Elmina, 453
Elsfleth, 350
Eisineur, or Elsinore, 278, 330
Embden, 278, 341
Embezzlement of warehoused goods,
260
Embroidery, 141
Emeralds, 14 |
Emerlow, 330
Emigrants, 25
Ems, 325, 342
Enamel, 98
Engelholm, 315
Engineers, 3
England, 272
English Channel, 216
Engravings, 38
Enkuisem, 334
Enos, 387
Entry of Goods. See Goods
Emulae Campanae, 88
Fringii, 88
Esmeraldus, 500
Espirito Santo, 502
Essences, 59, 78

2 M 2


HNIDEX.
535
Hemp-seed, 63, 80
Herlekietgodens, 341
Hernosand, 315
Hesse, 325, 329
Hever, 330
Hides, 92
Higuerote, 501
Hobart Town, 278, 442, 470
Hodeida, 394
Hogs, 52
Holbeck, 330
Holidays, 292
Holland, 45, 336
— New, 442
Holmstadt, 321
Holmstrand, 321
Holstein, 330
Holtenau, 330
Honduras, 27 A, 278, 477
Hones, 144
Honey, 58
Honfleur, 354
Hong Kong, 410
Hoofs of cattle, 144
Hooksiel, 350
Hoops, 69
— of Iron, 75
Hops, 58, 194, 235, 237
Horns, horn tips, and pieces of horns,
141
Hornummersiel, 350
Horsbull, 330
Horsehair hats or bonnets. 144
Horsens, 330
Horses, 52
Horta, 376
Horvacht, 330
Hovet, 337
Hoyer, 330
Huasco, 5 | {}
Hudickswald, 315
Hudson's Bay, 278, 186
Hue, 400
Huhaheine, Island of, 513
Hull, 111, 272, 430
Hunte, 350
Husum, 330
Hydra, 392
Iceland. 278
Ichaboe, .45
Images, 105, 139
Imports, 35, 47
— time of. Yix
— quantities, xxxii
India rubber, 85
India corn, 1.33
— Ocean, 398
Indian Seas, Islands of, 440
Indies, East, 428
Indigo, 87
Ink, 144
Inkle, 95
Inkstands, 198
Inland Excise, Duties, 237
— Letters, 247
Instruments, musical, 145
Insurance, marine, 242
Innhauzersiel, 311
International Copyright Act, 132
Inverness, 272
Ionian Islands, 278, 380
Ipecacuanha, 88
Ipswich, 272
Ireland, 299
Iris root, 88
Iron, 74
Isigny, 354
Isinglass, 87
Isla del Carmen, 496
Islands in the Archipelago, 278
Isle of Man, 144, 270, 299. See
Guernsey
Isle of Bourbon, 278, 461
— of France, 278
— of Sable, 278
Italy, 278, 380
Ithaca, 381
Itzehoe, 330
Ivory, 144
Ivica, 278
Jacobstadt, 309,
Jahde, 350
Jalap, 87
Jamaica, 278, 177, 479
Japanese Islands, 439
Japanned Ware, 144
Japonica, 89
Java, 172, 278, 4.3%
— Sugar, 167
Jayana, 501
Jem gum, 34 l
Jersey. See Guernsey
Jesuit's or Peruvian bark, 79
Jet, 144
Jetsam, l 10
Jever, 350
Jewels, emeralds, rubies, and all other
precious stones, 144
Journal of Trade, Character, xvi
Juan Griego, 500
Judda, 39.4
Juice of lemons, limes, or oranges, 59
— Liquorice, 59
Juniper berries, 84
Junk, 148
See the several titles, such as Ships
and Boats, and the names of the
various articles.


538
INDEX.
Meat, salted or fresh, tiſ
Mecklenburg. 45
— Schwerin, 348
— Strelitz, 348
Mechlin, 337
Medals, 76, 198
Medea, 449
Medicines. Sean:en's. 3
Medinablik, 33 |
Medlars, 55
Melasses. See Molasses
Melbourne, { {l. 4 2, 170, 47.2
Meldorf, 330
Meliapour, 102
Melting pots. 1 16
Memel, 279, 32 (, ; 12
Mensuration of Timber, 67
Merchandise, articles of, described ºut-
der their various names
Mercury. 76
Mergui, 402
Mersin, 397
Messina, 279, 38.
Mesunde, 330
Mesurada River, 453
Mletal, bell and leaf, 76
Mletals, 51, 71, 76
Metheglin, 59
Meuse, 325, 312. 3.1%
Mercury Island, 155
Mexico, 44, 188, 279, 496
Middleburg, 33 |
Midello, 461
Milford, 272, 277, 282
Military clothing accoutrements, or
stores, 203
Millboards, 145, 196
Millet seed, 63
Millinery. See Silk
Milo, 392
Mindanao, 400
Mindoro, 400
Minerals, 51, 71, 76
— specimens of, 76
Mineral water, 150
Mingo, 453
Ministers, British, abroad, xli
Minorca, 279
Mint, Oil of, 79
Miramichi, 279, 469, 476
Miragonne, 482
Miscellaneous articles, 126, 244
Mitts, 93
Mocambo, 496
Mocha, 279, 394
Models, 145
Moer, 330
Mogador, 279, 449
Mohair yarn, 97
Molasses, 151, 207, 212, 283
Molde, 321
Monaco, 378
Money, 76
Money, origin of, xxi
Moneys. See names of several places
|Monnikendam, 334
Montego Bay, 469, 472
Monte Video, 279, 505
Montreal, 279, 472, 474
Montrose, 272
Montserrat, 279, 477, 480.
Mooda, 402
Moose Factory, 474
Morant Bay, 469
Morea, 392
Morlaix, 354
Morocco, 449
Morphia, and its salts, 88
Moss, 87
Mount Joly, 486
Moss, Port of, 321
Mother-of-pearl shells, 143
Motir, 440
Moulman, 402
Mounts, silver, 198
Muddi, 402
Miuiden, 334
Mules, 52
Mum, 59
Mundanao, 402
Mundica, 361
Muscat, 45, 394
Musical Instruments, 133, 143
Musk, 88
Musquito Country, 499
Mustard Flour, 145
—- seed, 63
Musunde, 330
Mycone, 392
Mylo, 392
Myrobolane Berrics, 84
Myrrh, 88,
Myrtle Wax, 90
Mysol, 440
Mytilene, 392
Mysore, 428,438
N.
Nakskow, 333
Nangasaki, 439
Nanning, 402, 407
Nantes, 279, 354
Naples, 279, 384
Napoli di Romana, 392
Narbonne, 279
Narva, 309
Nassau, 325, 329, 469, 472
Nastoed, 330
National ships. See Ships.
Natural-born subjects, 285
Naval stores, l02


INDEX.
539
Navarino, 392
Navigation, definition of, I
— act, 1
— Rules of, 27
— upon Rivers, 28
Naxis, 392
Naxkow, 330
Neck for castors, &c., 198,
Necklaces, 198
Needlework, 141
Needle labels, 145
Negapatam, 279
Negroes, 433
Negropont, 392
Negros, 400
Neesummersiel, 341
Net Silk. See Silk
Nets, old fishing, 148
Netherlands, 45, 188, 334.472
Neuharlingersiel, 341
Neustadt, 330
Neuvitas, 483
Nevis, 279, 477, 480
New Amsterdam, 469,472
New Britain, 513
New Brunswick, 279, 476
Newburg, 272
New Caledonia, 513
New Carleby, 309
New Carlisle, 474,
Newcastle, 111, 272, 430
New Edinburgh, Nova Scotia, 477
Newfoundland, 279, 474, 486
New Granada, 500
New Guinea, 279, 440
Newhaven, England, 272
New Hebrides, 513
New Holland, 45, 335, 442
New Ireland, 513
Newly-discovered rocks, 222, Abroad,
see names of countries
New Orleans, 279, 493
Newport, 272, 277, 280
New Port, 272, 279
New Providence, 279
New Ross, 272
New South Wales, 279, 441
New Tariff, of United Kingdom, 47.
For other Tariffs, see the names of
the several Countries and Places
New York, 279
New Zealand, 279, 443. See Adverts.
Newry, 111, 272
Newspapers, 145
Neyhus, 341
Nicaragua, wood, 65
Nicaragua, 500
Nicaria, 392
Nice, 279, 378
Nieuport, 337
Niekel, 76
Nickel, metallic, 76
Nikioping, 330
Ningpo, 402, 406, 409, 410, 423
Niphon, 439
Nitre, 88, 236
Norden, 341
Norderscheluse, 330
Nordstrand, 330
North Bergen, 279
North Brevig, 321
North Holland, 334
North Shields, 272
Norkoping, 315
Normentiers, 354
Norway, 44, 189, 315, 321
Notes, promissory, 240, 251
Notice of removal and repacking of
warehoused goods, 263, 267, 283
Notices to avoid shipwreck, 222. Fo-
reign, see names of countries
Nova Scotia, 279, 477
Numbers. See Goods
Nutmegs, 62
Nuts, 55
Nux vomica, 79, 88
Nyborg, 330
Ny Carleby, 309
Nyland, 315
Nystadt, 309
O.
Oakum, 103
Oars, 65, 69
Oats and oatmeal, 152
Ochlandsvogen, 321
Ochre, 88
Odensee, 330, 333
Oder, 348
Odessa, 279, 340, 390 -
Officers. See Goods, Ships, Ware-
housing, &c.
Oil, 78
— Palm, 196
— seed cake, 60
Oldenburg, 44, 350
Oldersum, 341
Old Harbour, 469
Oleron, 354
Olibanum, 88
Olives, 56
Olive oil, 80
— wood, 65
Omoa, 500
Onega, 309
Onions, 62
— seed, 63
Opening Royal Exchange, 295
Opium, 78, 88
Oporto, 279, 367
Orange-flower-water, 83
Oranges, 56


540
INDEX.
Orange juice of 59
— peel of, 57
Orchal, or Orchelia, 88
Orders in council and of public boards
will be found under the names of the
several articles and places
Ores, 51, 71, 73
— specimens of, 76
Orinoco river, 500
Orotava, 367
Orpiment, 88
Orris root, 88
Orsedew, 76
Ostend, 337
Oster Reisoer, 321
Otaheite, 279, 513
Other Islands of the Indian Seas, 440
Ottendorf, 341
Otto of roses, 79
Ottoman Porte, 45
Oude, Pekel-a, 334
Oversea General passing Lights, 215
Overyssel, 334
Owhyhee, 279, 513
Owners of ships.
Goods
Oxen, 52
Oysters, 53
See Ships and
P.
Packages, duty free on export, 196
— on warehousing, 260, 267
— of goods abandoned, 48
— used for repacking, 267
Packet rates on Letters, 253
Padang, 439
Padstow, 277
Paimpol, 354
Painters' colours, 88
Paintings, 146
Paintings on glass, 99
Palamos, 361
Palawan, 400
Palembang, 439
Palermo, 279, 385
Palma, Canaries, 367
Palmetto thatch, 145
Palm oil, 81, 196
Palmy, 367
Pampala, 500
Pampatar, 501
Panama, 500
Panay, 400
Papal territories, 380
Papenborg, 341
Paper, 145, 196, 238
Para, 279
Paradise, grains of, 86
Parae, 502
Parahiba, 502
Paragua, 509
Paranagna, 502
Parchment, 94
Par of exchange, xxii
Paran oil, 81
Parliamentary Papers and Speeches.
See names of articles and places.
Parnahiba, 502
Paros, 392
Parsboro’, 469
Parsley-seed, 63
Passages, 361
Passports, 362
Paste, Liquorice, 59
Pasteboards, 145, 196
Pataholm, 315
Patch boxes, 199
Patma, 361
Patmos, 392
Patras, 392
Patterns, 94, 100. See also under the
names of the several Articles
Paxo, 381
Payta, 510
Pearl Ashes, 83
— barley, 198
— gold and silver, 195
Pears, 57
Peas, 152. See Corm
Pedir, 439
Peel, orange, lemon, and pomegranate,
57.
Pelew Islands, 279, 440
Pellworm, 330
Pelts, 90
Penang, 402,428
Pencils, 145
Pensacola, 279
Pens, 145
Penzance, 272
Pepper, 62, 198, 267, 283
Peppermint, 79
Percussion caps, 146
Perfumery, 78, 83
Pernaiha, 502
Pernambuco, 279
Pernau, 309
Perry, 59
Persia, 396
Perth, 272
Peru, 45, 510
— Balsam of, 84
— Bolivia, 46
Peruvian, or Jesuit's Bark, 79, 84
Peterhead, 272
Petersburg, Russia, 279, 309
Pewter, 76
Philadelphia, 279
Philippine Islands, 279, 400
Phosphorus, 146
Pickles, 60
Pico, 376


542
INDEX.
l’uerto ( 'abello, 300
Pugwash, 477
Purmerend, 334
Q.
Quarters, beech and fir. See Wood
Quassia, 79, 88
Quebec, 279, 469, 472, 474
Queda, 102
Queen Ann's l’oint, 279
--- Charlotte's Island, 513
Quick-ands. Foreign, see names of
countries.
Quicksilver, 78
Quila, 39 |
Quilea, 51()
Quills, 148
Quimper, 354
Quinces, 57
-— seed, 64
Quinine, 88
Quinhon, 100
Quirpon Islands, 486
R.
Radix, 88
Rhatini.e. 79
Rags, 148
Railways, 297
Raisins, 57, 190, 284)
Rameau islands, 485
Ramree, 402
Rameare Islands, 486
Ramshag, 477
Randers, 330
Ranebeck, 3 | 1
Rangoon, 402
Rape oil, 80
— seed, 64
Ratafia. See Spirits
Rates of Pilotage, 220
— of Postage, 253
— Packet, 253
— Tonnage, 214
Rattans, 138
Raudervehn or Raudervein, 341
Ready Reckoning, 48, 49, 58, 70, 80,
99, 150, 155, 170
Realejo, 500
Receipts, 244
Reciprocity system, 39, 185, 188
— treaties, with what nations, 44
Red Lead, 75
Red Sea, African ports on, 460
Redwood or Guinea wood, 65
Refugio, 496
Register-tickets.
Reignville, 364
Removal of warehoused goods from
port to port, 263, 265
— of warehoused goods illegally, 260
Seamen's, 16
Rendsburg, 330
Rennebide, 341
Bent, 114
Re-packing of warehoused goods, 263,
267, 283
Reports. See Goods and Ships
Reports of Law Cases. See the names
of the several articles and places
Reprisals, 2
Requexada, 361
Resins, 83, 103
Respondentia, 26
Restigouche, 476
Restrictions. See Goods
Returned goods, 185
Return of duty, 293
Reuss, States of, 329
Revel, 279, 369
Re-weighing, &c., 363
iênatania, 89
Rhode Islands, 279
Rhodes Morea, 392
Rhubarb, 89
Ribbons, 100.
Ribadeo, 361
Ribands, 100
Ribe, 330
Rice, 58, 283
Richibucto, 474
Riga, 279, 309
Riga balsam, 84
Rings, 198
Ringkioping, 330, 333
Rio Bueno, 469
Rio Caribe, 501
Rio de la Plata, States of, 45, 188
Rio Grande, Africa, 279, 453, 502
— Brazil. 502
— Hache, 500
— Janeiro, 279, 502
— de la Plata, 505
— Negro, 506
— Volta, 454
River Colombia, 278
— Gambia, 279
— Mesurada, 453
– See the several names of Coun-
tries
Riva de Cetta, 361
River Oronoco, 500
Road, harbour, 469, 472
Rochebernard, 354
Rochelle, 279, 354
Rochester, 272
Rochfort, 354
Rocks, newly discovered, abroad. See
names of places
Rock oil, 81
Rods for baskets, 128
Romoe, 330
Rome, 279
See Silk


INDEX. 543
Roots, flower, 142
— Colombo, 85
— iris or orrice, 88
— liquorice, 59
— pink, 88
Rope coir, 102, 142
Ropes, new, 102
— old, 148
Rosas, 361
Roscof, 354
Roseau, 469, 472
Rose leaves, 87
Rosewood, 65
Rosin, 103
Ross, 272
Rotterdam, 334
Rouen, 354
Royal Yacht Club, 212
Rubies, 144
Rudkoping, 330
Rugen, 279, 324
Rugenwalde, 324
Rulers, 196
Rum. See Spirits
Rushes, bull, 138
Russell, 446, 470
Russia, 45, 189, 309
Rustersell, 350
Rutzebutte, 341
Rye, 152
Rye, Port of, 272
Rypen, 330
S.
Sables d'Olonne, 354
Saccharum saturni, 89
Safflower, 89
Saffron, 89
Sagapenum, 87
Sago, 61
Szigong, 400
Sails and sail-cloth, 95
Sal, 89
— ammoniac, 89
Salerno, 279
Sale of warehoused goods, 25.)
Salep, or Salop, 89
Sallee, 279, 449
Salmon, 53
Sal e, 361
Salonica, 279, 387
Salt, 148
Salthallen, 32!
Saltpetre, 89
Saltspoons, 199
Salvage, 12, 30
Samar, 400
Samarang, 172, 439
Samos, 392
Samples, 118, 270, 293
Samsoe, 330
San Blas, 496
San Fernando, 470
Sandefiord, 321
Sanderhoe, 330
Sandesund, 321
Sandowey, 402
Sandwich Islands, 280, 513
Sam Esperitu, 483
Sanguis Draconis, 89
San Josef, 469, 472
San Juan, Cuba, 483
San Juan de Nicoragua, 500
San Juan del Norde, 500
San Juan del Sur, 500
San Lucar, 361
San Louis Potosi, 496
Santa Cruz, 367, 483
— Lucia, 469
— Maria wood, 65
— Marta, 279, 500
Santander, 361
Santorini, 392
Santos, 502
San Borga, 502
Sapan wood, 65
Sardinia, 45, 279, 378
Sark, Isle of. See Guernsey
Sarsaparilla, 89
Sassafras, 89
Satin. See Silk
shoes and boots, 93
— wood, 65
Saunders wood, 65
Sausages, 61
Savanilla, 500
Savannah, 279
Savannah le Mar, 469
Saxony, 325, 329
Saxe Royal, 329
— Altenburg, 329
— Coburg, 32%
— Menezen, 329
Scalanova, 387
Scaleboards, 148, 196, 238
Scammony, 89
Scanderoon, 280, 397
Scarborough, 272
Sea borough, West Indies, 469, 472
Scarpanto, 392
Schedule of License Goods, 300
of Samples, 271
Schiedam, 330
Schien, 321
Schleswic, 330
Schlie, 330
Schwartzburg Rudolstadt, 329
—- Sanderhausen, 329
Sciacca, 385
Scinde, 402
Scio, 392
Scotia, Nova, 279, 477


544
INDEX.
Scotland, 272
Sculptures, 132
Sea, what deemed trading by, 21]
— cow, horse, or morse teeth, 150
— dangers of, 222
— insurance, 242
— Black, 390
Sealing wax, 90
Seals, 199
Seamen. See Ships
Security, ordinary warehouses, 257
— special, 258
Seed, 51, 63, 64, 81.
Segars. See Tobacco
Senna, 89
Senegal, 86, 280, 452
Senekae, 89
Serampore, 401
Sergipe, 502
Serpentariae, 89
Servan, 35 |
Servia, 390
Sesamum seed, 64
Seville, 361
Seychelles Island, 461
Shan-Ha, 40ſ, 406, 409, [10,423
Shediac, 476
Sheep, 52
Shelburne, 469, 477
Shellac, 87
Shells, 145
Shelbrooke, 477
Ships, viz.:
— letters, 247
— accounts of, xxviii
— of what country deemed, 4
— tonnage of, 7
— carrying letters, 247
— in which trade to be carried on, 3
— what to be admitted as British, 3
— how to be manned and navigated, 3
— built in Honduras, how to be en-
titled as British, 4
— how foreign ships, prize of war, or
concerned in slave-trade, to be
deemed built, &c., 4
— masters of, who qualified to be Bri-
tish masters and British seamen, 4
— how foreign seamen may be em-
ployed instead of British, 4
— seamen, proporton of, for navigating
ships, may be altered, 5
— registry of, 3
— timber not to be carried on deck, 9
— Agreements with seamen on going to
sea, 10
— Seamen deserting, 12
— Wages, 13
— Medicines, 15
— Register tickets, 16
— Effects of seamen, 18
SHIPs, Survey of provisions, 19
— Distressed seamen, 20
— Apprentices, 20
— list of crew, amount of wages, 17
— size of, for export of goods, 268
— trading coastwise, general regula-
tions, 211
- to be broken up, duty on import,
103
— Emigrant, 184
Shipwreck, notices to avoid, 222.
Foreign, see names of Countries
Shoals, 222. Abroad, see names of
Countries
Shoes, 93
Shoe clasps, 199
Shoreham, 272
Shrubs, 64
Shumac, 89
Siam. 402
Sicily, 385
Sienna, 90
Sierra Leone, 280,453
Seignior, Grand, 2
Silk, and manufactures of, 100
— boots and shoes, 93
— fringe, certain sorts of, not to be ex-
ported, 200
Silk-worm gut, 101
Silver brocade, 138
— bullion, coin & ore, 72
— fringe, lace, thread and wire, 210
— Harp strings, 143
— litharge, 76
— medals, 76
— plate, 76, 198, 235
— Stamp duty at Goldsmiths' Hall, 76
— Watches, 150
Simon's Bay, 455
— Town, 456
Singapore, 280
Sketches, geographical. See the several
countries and places
Skielskior, 330
Skins, 90
Skonwick, 315
Skyro, 392
Slate, 104, 145, 200
Sligo, 111, 272
Small nuts, 55
Smalts, 89
Smuggling, 33
Smyrna, 280, 387
Snuff, 110
Soap, 148, 200, 235, 239
Soap ashes, 83
Society Islands, 280
Soderham, 315
Soendborg, 380
Soles, 53
Solomon's Islands, 513


INDEX.
545
Solid Vegetable Oil, 82
Sondeborg, 330
Soon, port of, 321
Sounkim, 460
Sound, duties, 333
Sourobaya, 172, 439
Southampton, 272
South America, 500
— Australia, 440
— Sea, 280, 513
— Shields, 272
— Wales, New, 279, 441, 472
Spa ware, 149
Spain, 361
Spangles, 195
Spars, or poles, 70
Speccia, 378
Specimens of minerals, fossils, or ores,
149.
Speckled wood, 65
Speeches. See names of articles and
places
Spelter, 78
Spermaceti, 81, 138, 149
Spezzia, 378, 392
Spices, 51, 62
Spike, oil of 79
Spirit of Turpentine, 83
SPIRITs, viz.:-
— duties and regni. on import, 115
— excise duty on, 237
— Brandy, how it may be mixed with
wine in warehouse, 118
— warehoused and exported, 202
— regulations concerning Guernsey,
Jersey, Alderney, Sark, and Man,
119, 123
— Irish and Scotch, 235, 239
Spokes for wheels, 70
Sponge, 149
Spoons, 198
Spouts, teapot, 198
Spruce beer, 5.9
— essence of, 59
Squills, 89
Stade, 34
Stampalia, 392
Stamp duties, 240
— at Goldsmiths' Hall, 199
Stands, silver, 198
Starch, 149
Stations for vessels to bring to, 182
Statues, 139
Staves, 65, 69
Stavesacre, 150
Stavinger, 321
Stavoren or Stuveren, 334
Steam vessels. See ships
– Firemen, engineers, and coal trim-
mers, 3
Stearine, 138
St. Andero, 279, 361
— Andrew’s, 279, 453, 469, 472
— Ann, 469
— Antonio, 278, 279, 461
— Augustine's Bay, 279
— Bartholomew, 279, 482
— Brieux, 354
— Catherine, 502
— Christopher's, 279
— Croix, 279, 482
— Denis, 461
— Domingo, 279
— Eustatia, 279
— Felix, 361
— George, Azores, 376
— George, Africa, 453
— George, Bermudas, 469, 472
— George, Grenada, 469, 472
— George's Channel, 216
— Gowan's, 218
— Helena, 280, 461, 485
— Ives, 272, 277
— Jago, 278, 279, 461
— Jago de Cuba, 279
— Jean de Luz, 354
— John's, Antigua, 469, 472
— John's, New Brunswick, 279, 469,
472, 476
— John’s, Newfoundland, 279, 469.
472, 474
— Juan de Nicaragua, 500
— Juan del Norte, 500
— Juan del Sur, 500
— Kitt's, 477, 481
— Lucia, 279, 461, 477, 481
— Maloes, 354
— Mare, 482
— Marin, 376
— Martin, France, 279, 354
West Indies, 482
— Mary, Africa, 278, 453
... — Maura, 381
— Michael, 279
— Miguel, 375
— Nicholas, 461
— Paul, 461
— Peter's, 476
— Petersburg, 310
— Salvador, 279
— Sebastian, Spain, 279, 361
— Servan, 354
— Thomé, 402
- Thomas, 279, 454, 482
— Ube's, 279, 367
– Vallery, 354
— Vincent, 278, 279, 461, 477
Steege, 330
Steel, 78
Steenhausen, 350
Stettin, 279, 324, 348
Stick lac, 87


3-16 INIDEX.
Sticks, walking, 138 Swages, 198
Stirling, 273
Stockholm, 279, 315
Stockton, 272
Stolhe, 324
Stolpemunde, 400
Stones, precious, 14 |
— of all other sorts, 104
Stores, surplus, 184
— Foreign goods. 280
-— ships 203
— marine, 102
-- military and naval, 1')2
-— government, 181
Straits of Gibraltar. 37t,
— Belleisle, 486
— Strainers, 199
Strands, coir, 102
Stralsund, 324, 348
Straw, 146, 149
— hats and bonnets, 144
Strings, harp and lute, 143
Strohausen, 350
Stromstadt, 315
Strong waters, l 13
Studs, silver, 198
Subjects, Natural-born, 4
Succades, 61
Succonde, 453
Succus liquoritiae, 59
Sudwesthoorn, 330
Suez, 460
SU GAR, ric. :
— Muscovado, duties and regulations
on import, 151, 167, 471
— inland excise duties, 339
— certificate of produce, 171
— exports in general, 203
— export to Isle of Man, 299
— refined, 283, 302
— removed coastwise, 212
— bounties, 203
— candy, 205
— crashed, 205
— maple, 172
— beetroot, 239
— regulations concerning Guernsey,
Jersey, Alderney, Sark, and Man,
172, 299
Sulphate of Quinine, 88
Sulphur, 72
—impressions, 150
Sumatra, 280,439
Sunderland, 27
Sundswall, 315
Superintendents in East Indies, and
China, 431
Surat, 280,428
Surinam, 482
Surplus stores, 37
Susa, 279, 449
Swan River, 280
Swansea, 272, 277, 282
Sweaborg, 309
Sweden, 315, 44, 189
Sweetmeats, 61
Sweets, 315
Sweetwood, 65
Swine, 52
Swinnemunde, 324
Swords, 277
Sydney, New South Wales, 280, 441,
477
Sydney, Cape Breton, 469, 472, 477
Sylt, 330
Syra, 280, 392
Syracuse, 279, 385
Syria, 397
T.
Table bay, 455
Table of Free Ports, 469
Tabreez, 397
Tacames, 500
Taganrog, 309
Tahiti, 514
Tails, 90
Talc, 78
Tallow, 138, 142, 150
Tamarinds, 58
Tamatave, 461
Tamaulipas, 496
Tambour work, 195
Tampico, 496
Tanaserim, 428
Tangate, 395
Tangiers, 280, 449,452
Tanner's bark, 84
Tapioca, 61
Tappancely, 439
Tar, 103
— Barbadoes, 128
Tares, 64
Tares, allowance for.
of the several articles
— calculation of, 49
Tariffs. See the names of the several
kingdoms and places
Taron, 408
Tarragona, 280, 361
Tarras, 150
Tarsous, 397
Tartaric acid, 89
Tatmagush, 477
Tatta, 402
Tavoy, 402
TEA-import of, into United Kingdom,
and duties thereon, 105
— exported, not to be imported for
home use, 36
— ports, 108
See the names


INDEX.
5
4
7
TEA–export, 207
— permits, 107
— how it may be imported into British
possessions in America, 472
— chests, silver, 199
— spoons, 199
— strainers, silver, 199
Teake wood, 70
Teaki, 381
Teasels, 150
Teeth, 150
Telescopes, 150
Tellicherry, 280, 428
Tenasserim, 402
Tenedos. 392
Teneriffe, 280, 367
Terceira, 276
Termini, 385
Termunterzyl, 334
Ternate, 440
Terra, 89
Terra Nova, 385
Terschelling, 334
Teste, 354
Texas, 46, 189, 497
Tezel, 334
Thames, rates of pilotage, 22]
Thatch, Palmetto, 145
Thread, 95, 210
Thuringia, 325
Thyme, 79
Tickets, bottle, 199
— seamen’s, 16
Tidore, 440
Tierra Viega, 361
Tiles, 105
Timber, 65
-— mensuration of, 67
— for railways, 213
Time in which goods to be cleared from
warehouses, 260
Timor, 280, 440
Tin, 78
Tincal, 90
Tinfoil, 78
Tino, 392
Tippings, 198
ToBAcco, 110
— ports, 111
— manifests, 111
— duties and regul. on import, 110
— export, 207
— warehoused, 259
— for use of King's ships, 112, 207
— warehouses to be provided, 259
— rent, 259
— regulations concerning Guernsey,
Jersey, Alderney, Sark, and Man,
300
Tobacco pipes, 150
Tobago, 280, 477
Tolu, balsam of, 84
Tongues, 61
Tondern, 330
Tonnage rates, 214
— of ships, 7, 268
Tonningen, 280, 330
Tongsberg, 321
Topaz. See Jewels.
Topsham, 272
Tornea, 315
Tornsal, 90
Toronto, 472
Tortoiseshell, 150
Tortola, 280, 477, 481
Tottenbullspiecker, 330
Toulon, 280, 354
Tow, 94
Toys, 150
Trade, general regulations of, l
— coasting, what deemed, 211
— how treasury may regulate it, 21]
Train oil, 81
Tragacanth, 87
Tralee, 277
Transfers in England, 246
Tranquebar, 280, 401
Transfer of warehoused goods, 260
Translations of documents. See names
of the several articles and places
Transports, 184
Trapani, 385
Trave, 342, 348
Travemunde, 344
Treacle, 207
Treasury to regulate coasting trade, 21]
Treaties, reciprocity, 44. See the names
of the several kingdoms and places
Trees, 64
Trefoil-seed, 64
Treguir, 354
Tremblade, 35
Treport, 354
Treuville, 354
Tricot. See Silks
Trieste, 280, 380
Trincomalee, 280, 400
Trinidad, 280, 477, 482
Trinity Bay, 280
Trinity House Lights, duties on, 219
— rates of pilotage, 220
Tripoli, 280, 397, 449, 452
Troops, 184
Truffles, 61
Truro, 272
Truxillo, 280, 500
Tulip wood, 65
Tul:e. See Silk
Tunis, 280, 449
Turbans. See Silk
Turbots, 53
Turk’s island, 472
2 o 2


5 18
INDEX.
Turkey, 387
Turmeric, 90
Turnery, 150
Turpentine, 83, 90, 103
Turtle. . .
Turtleshell, 150
Tuscany, 393
"I'wine, 102, l ();}
Tynemouth, 272
tº .
U clºermunde, 324
Udbychog, 330
Uddevalla, 3 l 5
Ufers, 70
U leaborg, 309
Umbra, 90
Umca, 315
United States of America. See America,
Upsal, 315
Uruguay, 46, 507
Usk, 217
Usquebaugh, See Spirits
Utensils of war, 185, 463
V.
Vagrants, 434
Valdivia, 280
Valencia, 280, 361
Vallery, 35.1
Valonia, 90
Valparaiso, 280, 510
Van Diemen's Land, 45, 280, 353, 142
Vanelloes, 61
Vannes, 354
Varel, 350
Warnish, 90
Vases, 150
Veere, 334
Vegesack, 341
Vegetable juice, 170
— wax, 90
Vegetables, 62
Vellum, 94
Velveret, or velvet. See Cotton, Linen,
and Silk
Venezuela, 45, 188, 280, 501
Veneers. See Mahogany
Venice, 280,082
Vera Cruz, 280,496
Verde, 90
Verdigris, 90
Verjuice, 90
Vermicelli, 60
Vermillion, 90
Verriere and Co., Importers of Capers,
52
Vessels and boats, 6. See Ships
Viana, or Vianna, 367
Victuals, 200
Vigo, 280, 361
Villa de Conde, 367
Villa Nove de Portimao, 367
Villa Nueva, 361
Villa Viciosa, 361
Vinaroz, 361
Vinegar, 59
Visigapatam, 428
Vistula, 339
Vitriol, 79
Viaardingen, 334
Vlessingen, or Vlissingen, 334
Voyage, derivation of See the severa.
law cases under insurance, &c.
Voyages, computed length of, 277
W.
Wafers, 150
Wages, Seamen's, 10
Wales, New South, 279, 441
Walking sticks, 138
Walnuts, 55
— oil of, 83
— wood, 65
War, ships prize of, how to be deemed
built, 4
_ utensils of, 126
Warberg, 315
Ware, china, or porcelain, 98
– earthen, 98
— japanned or lacquered, 144
— Magna Graecia, 144
— Spa, 149
WAREHous ING, U. K. 256
— returned goods, 35
— prohibited goods, 257
-— ports, 272
— sorts of goods, 257
— warehouses of special and extra
security, 259,267, 268
— for exportation, 298
Warehouses, tobacco to be provided,
259, 267
— rent, 259
— opening warehouses when secured
under King's lock, without presence
of officer, 260
— British Possession, 472
Wares of silver, 198
Wasa, 369
Washing balls, 150
Waste allowances on warehoused goods,
268
Waste glue, 86
— wood, 70
Watches, 139, 150, 187
Watch cases, 198
Water, orange flower, 83
— strong, 115
—- of other sorts, 150
— Cologne, 83


INDEX.
549
Waterford, 111, 272, 430
Wax, 90, 138
Wearing apparel, 127
Weed ashes, 83
Weender, 341
Wefelsfleth, 330
Weights. See names of the several
places
Welchpool, 469
Weld, 90
Wellington, 446, 470
Weser, 325, 342, 344
Western Australia, 444
Western Accummersiel, 341
Westerwick, 315
West Barbary. See Barbary
West Indies, British, 477
— Foreign, 482
Wester Accummersiel, 341
Westport, 272
Wexford, 111, 272
Whalefins, 81, 150
Wheat and wheatmeal, 151, 153
— imports of, total amount, xxxii
Whipcord, 150
Whiskey. See Spirits
Whitby, 272
Whitehaven, 111, 272, 430
White Lead, 75
Wild nutmegs, 62
Willow, chip for platting, 139
Windau, 309
Windsor, West Indies, 469
Windward Coast, 453
Wine, 115, 208
— for officers in navy and army, 209
— regulations concerning Guernsey,
Jersey, Alderney, Sark, and Man,
299, 308
Wine, warehoused, 122
— lees, 122
Wire, 210
— silver, 76
Wisbech, 272
Wisby, 315
Woad, 90
Wolgast, 324, 348
Wood, 51, 64, 65, 210, 262
Wood ashes, 83
Woodbridge, 272
Wool, duties and manufactures of, 94,
96
Woollen manufactures, duties and regu-
lations on import, 96
— rags, 148
Workum, 334
Workington, 272
Works of Art, 72, 132
Worm seed, 64
Worsted, 97
Wrecks, 141
— Notices to avoid, 222.
See names of places
Wurtemburgh, 325, 329
Wullersum, 330
Wyborg. Denmark, 280, 330
Foreign,
—Russia, 209
Wyck, 330
X.
Xavea, 361
Xicoso, 439
Ximo, 439
Y
Yards, warehousing, 258
Yarmouth, England, 272
— Nova Scotia, 469, 472, 477
Yarn, 94, 97, 103 .
Yacht, Royal, club, 212
Yeh, 402
Yellow Berries, 84
York Factory, 474
Ystad, 315
Z.
Zaandam, 334
Zaffre, 90
Zante, 280, 381
Zara, 280
Zea, 280
Zealand, 330, 334
– New, 279
Zebu, 400
Zebra wood, 65
Zierikzee, 334
Zinc, 78
Zoll Verein, 340
Zoltkamp, 334
Zwolle, 334


PO PE’S
YEARLY JOURNAL OF TRADE
%lºucrtiger.
1845.
ANCHOR LIFE ASSURANCE COMPANY,
30, SACKVILLE-STREET, PMCCADILLY.
DIRECTORS.
J. Bremridge, Esq., 22, Westbourne- T. M. Cleoburey, Esq., Askew Villa,
street, Hyde Park Gardens; Cole- Shepherd's Bush.
brooke Park, Kent. W. C. Curteis, Esq., L.I., D., 12, Mon-
E. Baylis, Esq., 30, Sackville-street, Pic- tague-street, I&ussell-square.
cadilly. Sir G. W. Prescott, Bart., Theobald's
J. G. Cassaigne, Esq., Watkin’s-terrace, Park, Herts.
Eaton-square. Rev. J. Wright, M.A., F.R.S., 67,
N. Cumberlege, Esq., Mimwood, Herts. Westbourne-terrace, Hyde Park.
Auditor—Thomas Wilson, Esq., Bedford-place, Old Kent-road.
Actuary and Resident Manager—Edward Baylis, Esq.
Physicians—B. G. Babington, M. D., Cantab, F.R.S., George-street, Hanover-
square. Henry Oldham, M.D., Devonshire-square, City.
Surgeon—J. Syer Bristowe, Esq., Canberwell.
Bankers—Messrs. Wm. Strahan, Sir J. D. Paul, and R. M. Bates, 217, Strand, near
Temple Bar.
The distinguishing characteristics of this Qffice are—The lowest rates of Premiums
consistent with stability; the issuing of Policies for £20 and upwards; the effecting
of Assurances on Survivorship; the granting and purchasing of immediate Survivor-
ships and Deferred Annuities; the purchase of Contingent and Reversionary Property;
the Endowment of Widows, and Children; the advancing of Money on Annuity,
Mortgage, and other Securities; and a liberal system of Loan to persons assured in
this Office.
Officers in the Army and Navy, Clergymen, Professional Men, Merchants, Trades-
men, and all persons of respectability and character, may obtain Advances amounting
to £50 and upwards, upon approved Personal Security, the Borrower procuring two
or more responsible Sureties to join him in a bond or other security for re-payment of
the Loan, and on condition of the life of the Borrower, or one of the Co-sureties, being
assured to an adequate amount.
Assurances may be effected with the least possible delay, a Board of Directors being
in attendance § to facilitate the business of the Office,
EDWARD BAYLIS, Actuary.
Just published (for the use of Schools) price 3s., cloth, boards,
THE ARITHMETIC OF ANNUITIES AND LIFE ASSURANCE,
Or, Compound Interest Simplified; explaining the Value of Annuities Certain, Con-
tingent on One or Two Lives, and the Values of Assurances in Single and Annual
Payments, and comprehending the Values of Leases, Pensions, Freeholds, and lèever-
sionary Sums, in Possession or Expectation, Immediate, Deferred, or Temporary;
illustrated with Practical and l'amiliar Examples.
Iły EDWARD BAYI,IS, Actuary of the Anchor Liſe Assurance Company.
Iondon : Longman, Brown, Green, and I.ongmans.


5.2 POPE'S YEAR I.Y JOURNAI, OF TRADE ADVERTISER. [1845.
CAL EDONIAN INSURANCE COMPANY.,
ESTABLISHED IN 1805.
I.VCORPORATED BY ROYAL CHARTER,
For Assurance on Lives, granting Immediate, Deferred, and Survivorship Annuities
and the purchase of IReversionary Property.
IIEAD OFFIcE–19, George Street, Fdinburgh.
OI&IDINARY DIRECTORS.
Alexander Paterson, Esq., merchant. John Baird, Esq., of Camelon.
John Sawyers, Esq. Alexander Stevenson, Esq., W. S.
Thomas Johnston, Esq., of Underwood. James Baxter, Esq.
Henry Raeburn, Esq., of St. Bernard's. Patrick Neill, Esq., L.L.D.
James Newton, Esq., W. S. Alexander Allan, Esq., Advocate.
Thomas Ranken, Esq., S. S. C. Archibald Anderson, Esq.
Manager—II. D. Dickie, Esq. Secretary—John Moinet, Esq.
Physician–Professor Henderson. Solicitor—John Archibald Campbell, Esq.
Bankers—The National Bank, and Commercial Banking Company, C. S.
OFFICE IN LoNDoN--27, Moorgate Street.
Agent—Mr. James Inglis.
Surgeon-George Pilcher, Esq., 7, Great George-street, Westminster.
Solicitor—IIerbert Stearmy, Esq., 8, Wellington-street, London Bridge.
Bankers—I,ondon Joint Stock Bank.
The plan adopted by this Company affords to the public the security of an ample
subscribed capital, with the advantages of the Mutual Assurance Scheme, or the option
of insuring at a lower rate of premium without participation in the profits.
The Company has adopted a variety of modes of effecting Assurance on Lives with
a view, to suit the purposes and meet the wants of parties. The rates have been calcu-
lated from the most approved Tables of Mortality, and will be found exceedingly
moderate. Prospectuses and every information afforded at the Office by
JAMES INGLIS, 27, Moorgate Street.
[; H U R (; H 0 F E N G L A N D
LIFE AND FIRE ASSURANCE INSTITUTION,
6, KING WILLIAM STREET, CITY.
(EMPower ED BY special Act of PARLIAMENT, 4 & 5 vict. CAP. xc11.)
CAPITAL ONE MILLION,
J.I.F.E.-This Institution adopts both the MUTUAL AND PRoPRIETARY systems of
Life Assurance. Persons assurd according to the MUTUAL ScALE are entitled to
ſ”-fifths of the profits of this branch, whilst those assured according to the PRorruptARx
ScALE are charged the lowest possible rate of premium consistent with security to the esta-
*'''{{{ Rºth are fully protected by the large subscribed capital of the Company.
FIRE-The Premiums for Assurance against Fire are charged at the usual mode-
rate rates, with a reduction of £10 per cent, on the RESIDENCES AND FURNI-
TUIRE OF CLERGYMEN.
TABLE OF I,IFE RATES.
WITHOUT PROF1TS.
ASCENID1N G SCALE.
Mutual -
Age. Scale. ºqual ** - -
Rates. First Seven | Sec. Seven | Remainder
Years. Years. of Life.
£ s d. l e s. d. e s. a. | c. s. d. | c. s. d.
20 1 17 4 I 13 11 1 2 () I 13 0 2 4 0
30 2 6 0 2 2 7 l 8 () 2 2 0 2 16 0
46) 3 3 6 2 17 8 | 10 0 2 18 6 3 18 0
50 4 lº 4 4 4 ll 3 0 2 4 10 3 6 0 4
Detailed Prospectuses, the necessary forms for electing Assurances, and every in-
formation, may be obtained by application at the Office. "W. EMMENs, Secretary.


54 POPE'S YEARLY JOURNAL OF TRADE ADVERTISEIR.
[1845.
ED IN BURGH LIFE ASSURANCE COMPANY.
Fst ABLISHED 1823.−CONSTITUTED BY ACT OF PARLIAMENT.
Capital Half a Million Sterling.
Edinburgh, 24, George-street, and 11, King William-street, City, London.
President—The Right Hon. Lord Viscount Melville.
Vice-President.—Alex. Pringle, Esq., of Whytbank, M.P.
I,()NI)0N BOARD
Francis Whitmarsh, Esq., Q.C.
Henry Barkly, Esq.
William A. #. Esq.
James Bonar, Esq.
Thomas Marshall, Secretary.
Medical Officer.—Robert Dickson, M.D., 5, Curzon-street, May Fair.
Bankers--Messrs. Smith, Payne, and Smiths. | Solicitor—David Rowland, Esq., Cornhill.
The mode in which this Company is constituted presents to the Assured the benefits of Mutual Assu-
rance, combined with the influence and security of a large proprietary all assured with the Company.
Perfect security to the assured, and freedom from, all liability. A right of Participating in the whole
Profits of the Company to the extent of Four-fifths. A principle of division, making the distribution
among those who participate in , proportion to the amount severally contributed by them. The highest
benefits to all First Class Lives, by no unjust liberality being shown to those who die early. Very Mode-
rate Rates, without participation, which on young lives are equivalent to a present bonus of very cou-
siderable amount. No Eutry-Money or other charge beyond Policy Stamp. Assurances effected on equal,
or ascending or descending scales, or in any other way that the interests of parties may require.
Specimen of Rales for insuring 100l. on a Single Life.
The Right Hon. Ilord Reay
The Hon. Robert Dundas
John Abei Smith Esq., M.P.
George Macintosh, Esq.
Hugh Johnston, Esq.
Arthur J. Blackwood, Esq.
Charles Stainforth, Esq. Resident.
w ITHOUT PARTICIPATION. WITH PARTICIPATION.
Age. One Year. Seven Years. For Life. Age. For Life.
20 fºl) 17 3 f() 19 ll fl 14 2 20 ze l 17 4
3 ) I 1 3 1 4 8 2 3 7 30 2 7 7
40 1 6 10 I l l 10 2 17 ll 40 3 3 2
50 1 15 2 4 5 4 J 7 50 4 9 0
60 | 3 l 8 3 18 11 6 4 4 60 6 15 8
Tabular tiew of Additions to Policies of 1,000l., opened at the commencement of the Company.
Bonus in 1842.
Age of Assuring. Sum Assured. Bonus in 1835. Sum now payable.
20 ge 1000 £100 0 10 #87 3 3 £1,187 4 I
30 1000 10.1 & 0 89 8 0 1193 l l 0
40 I ()()() 113 l l l I 103 l l 7 1217 3 6
50 1000 142 8 8 148 9 || 1 1290 18 7
60 l()()() n 186 17 2 245 16 8 1432 13 10
Edinburgh, Feb. 4th, 1844. G. L. FINLAY, Manager. W. M. DICKSON, Sec.
| M P E RIAL LIFE ASSU R A N G E G0 MPANY.,
SUN COURT, CORN HILL AND 16, PALL-MALL, LONDON.
INST 1TUTED 1820. – SUBscR1BED AND INvest ED CAPITAL, £1,000,000.
DIRECTORS.
Joseph Reid, Esq., Chairman. Samuel Hibbert, Esq., Deputy Chairman.
Michael Bland, Esq. James G. Murdoch, Esq. George Reid, Esq.
Andrew Colville, Esq. John Horsley Palmer, Esq. W. R. Robinson, Esq.
George H. Cutler, Esq. James Pattison, Esq., M.P. Newman Smith, Esq. .
John H. Deffell, Esq. Henry Pearse, Esq. Richard Smith, Esq. ,
Daniel Mildred, Esq Henry J. Prescott, Esq.
AUDITORS.
Charles Cave, Esq., | George Field, Esq., | Thomas Newman Hunt, Esq.
Four Fiſths of the Profits made by this Company will be appropriated to Policies every Five.Years with-
out the Insured incurring the personal responsibility attached to Mutual Societies.
The Profits to Policies of twenty years standing on the 31st January, 1841, are shown in the follow
ing Examples —
Age Cash paid Or
at Sum Annual Bonus on sturrender Premium
Entry. Insured. Premium. Added. of Bonus, reduced to.
; :6 36 s. d. 36 36 s. d 36 s. d.
15 1000 19 5 10 350 122 18 11 12 0 1
20 1000 2] 15 lo 350 135 8 9 13 5 II
30 1000 26 14 2 350 166 18 lo 14 8 8
40 1000 33 19 2 350 20 l 4 5 15 15 1.
50 1000 45 6 8 350 240 l 3 15 18 9
60 | iodo 63 13 4 350 281 l 2 I8 15 . 9
The Next Appropriation of Profits will be made in the year 1846, and persons then insured will partici-
pate therein, according to the number of Annual Premiums paid since the last appropriation.
Insurances without participation in Profits may be effected at reduced Rates of Premium.
Prºspectuses may be had at the Company's Offices in London, or on application to the Agents inſtine
Wrincipal towns throughout the Kingdom. By order of the Directors. -
SAMUEL INGALL, ActUARy.


1845.) Pope's YEARLY JOURNAL OF TRADE ADVERTISER. 555
GREAT BRITAIN MUTUAL LIFE ASSURANCE SOCIETY,
14, WATERLOO PLACE, LONDON.
D1 RECt OR.S.
T. Chisholm, Chairman.
William Morley, Esq., Deputy Chairman.
John Brightman, Esq. | James John Kinloch, Esq.
Francis Brodigan, Esq. Henry Lawson, Esq.
James William Deacon, Esq. Henry Fenny, Esq.
Alexander Robert Irvine, Esq. | Robert Power, Esq.
John Inglis Jerdein, Esq. | The Rev. F. W. Johnson Vickery, A.M.
AUDITORs –C. B. Rule, Esq.--T. C. Simmons, Esq.--George Thomas, Esq.
PhysiciaN.—John Glendinning, M.D., F.R.S.; 16, Wimpole Street.
solicitor.—Walter Prideaux, Esq. Goldsmiths' Hall.
BANKERs.—Union Bank of London.
GREAT ADVANIAGES OFFERED TO POLICY-HOLDERS IN THIS INSTITUTION,
A large and immediate accession of Assurances by the transfer of the Policies of
the “Achilles British and Foreign Life Assurance Association’ to this Society.
The whole of the Profits divided ANNUALLY among the Holders of Policies on
which five Annual Premiums shall have been paid.
Credit given for half the amount of the first five Annual Premiums, by which
means Assurances may be effected and loans for short periods secured with the least
possible present outlay, and after payment of the arrears, the Policy-holder will become
entitled to participate in the entire profits of this Institution, precisely in the same
manner as if he had paid the whole amount of his Premiums in advance in the usual
Thus, for example—a person in the twenty-fifth year of his age, instead of paying
21.6s. per annum for an Assurance of 100l. would be º!. to pay Il. 3s, only during
the first five years, when, on payment of the arrears of Premium, amounting to 5l. 15s.
his share of the Profits would be such as to reduce his future Annual Premiums to very
little more the half Premium of 11. 3s. originally paid by him. The GREAT BRITAus.
is the only Mutual Assurance Society in which this great accommodation is given to
the Assured.
Credit allowed for the whole of the first five Annual Premiums, on satisfactory
security being given for the payment of the same at the expiration of five years.
Transfers of Policies effected and registered (without charge) at the Office.
Claims on Policies not subject to be litigated or disputed, except with the sanction,
in each case, of a General Meeting of the Assured, to be specially convened on the
Occasion.
Holders of Policies of 1000l. entitled (after payment of five Annual Premiums)
to attend and vote at all General Meetings of the Assured, who will have the super-
intendance and control of the funds and affairs of the Society.
An extremely low IRate of Premium, without participation in the Profits, but with
the option, at any time within five years, of paying up the difference between the
Reduced Rates and the Mutual Assurance Rates; and thus becoming Members of the
Society, and entitled to a full participation in the Profits.
Extract from the Reduced Scale of Rates, for an Assurance of 100l. for One Year,
Seven Years, and the whole Term of Ilife.
Annual Premiums.
Age. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --------
One Year. seven Years. Whole I.ife.
| £ s. d. £ s. d. iſ s. d.
:^ 0 | | | | | | | 13 11
30 2 9 1 :3 3 2 2 1
4() 1 5 (; I 7 (; 2 1(; 4
5i) 1 15 4) 2 l (; 4 l l 1
6{) | 3 3 5 8 lºſ () G 1 3
i'ull particulars are detailed in the Prospectus.
A. R. IRVINE, Managung Director


o:36 POPE's YEARLY JOURNAL OF TRADE ADVERTISER. [1845.
The MiNERVA life assurance company,
81, KING WILLIAM STREET, MANSION HOUSE, LONDON.
"I'RU STEES.
Thomas Halifax. jun., Esq. i Claude Edward Scott, Esq.
l’rancis Mills, Esq. Thomas Heath, Esq.
1) I it ECTORS.
I'rancis Mills, 1 sq., ('hairman. | Thomas Heath, Esq., Dep. Chairman.
Yui. Chippindale, Esq. , John IIarvey, Esq. John Stewart, Esq.
Edwin ſeaf, Esq.
Edwaid Sept. Coºk!, r.sq. William Iyall, Esq. Barclay F. Watson, Esq.
Henry T. Danvers, Esq. Thomas Morgan, Esq. J. J. Zornlin, Esq.
AU"I)ITORS.
John I. Iłennett, Esq. Itobert W. Eyles, Esq. William Scott, Esq.
13 AN KERS.
Messrs. Glynn, Halifax, Mills & Co. | Sir Claude:Scott, Bart. & Co.
The first Quinquennial Valuation was mºde, and Division of the Profits of this Com
pany declared at the Annual General Meeting, held on 23rd June, 1842, when Four-
rif rhs of the ascertained profit were appropriated to the Policy holders entitled to
participate, enabling the IXirectors to add a reversionary bonus averaging 31 per Cent,
on the Premiums paid during the preceding fire years, or to give an equivalent reduction
premium of nearly 17 per Cent, ºn the prºmiums payable during the succeeding five years.
The next Quinquennial Division will be made in June, 1847, and all persons as-
suring by the participation scale, prior to 31st Dec. 1846, will be entitled to share
therein.
Tables and every information can be obtained at the Office.
- W. T. ROISINSON, Actuary and Secretary.
*** No appearance required before the Board ; a private interview with the Medical
Adviser considered sufficient.
Assur Ances, Annuities, AND loans,
$20tti) 0f Sºtotlality
L I FE ASSU R A N C E COMPANY.,
No. 1, MOORGATE STREET, LONDON.
Number of Proprietors above 850.
Directors.
John Abercrombie, Esq. Eneas Mackintosh, Esq.
George G. Anderson, Esq. | Charles R. M'Grigor, Esq.
James Farquhar, Esq. Alexander ltogers, Esq.
Peter Laurie, Esq. Alexander ltogers, Esq.
Robert Low, Esq. -
Physicians, Seth Thompson, M.D.—Patrick Black, M.D.
Surgeon, Charles Guthrie, Esq.
Solicitors, Messrs. Johnston, Farquhar & Leech, Moorgate-street.
Rankers, The Union Bank of Iondon.
The Rates for Assurances and Annuities are on the most economical scales.
The participation class of Assurers receive the benefit of the whole profits of their pre-
mium fund, and the cost of management and guarantee is limited to a fixed proportion.
In certain cases half the premium for the first five years on a whole-life Policy may
remain unpaid, at interest, as a debt on the Policy.
Loans at 5 per Cent., and to a limited extent, are granted on approved real or per-
sonal security, to be further secured by Assurances to be effected with the Company.
General day of appearance, Thursday, at two o'clock.
ALEXANI).EIR EDMOND, Secretary


1845.] POPE'S YEARLY JOURNAL OF TRADE ADVERTISER, 557
NATIONAL LOAN FUND LIFE ASSURANCE SOCIETY,
FOR GRANTING LIFE ASSURANCES, DEFERRED ANNUITIES, &c, &c.
No. 26, CORN HILL, LONDON.
Capital, £500,000.-3Empomeret hp ::pecial Act of 33arliament.
I).IRECTORS.
T. Lamie Murray, Esq., Chairman.
John Elliotson, M.D., F.R.S. * John Rawson, Esq.
John Griffith Frith, Esq. Clement Tabor, Esq.
H. Gordon, Esq Joseph Thompson, Esq.
Auditors—Professor Wheatstone, F.R.S.; Professor Graves, A.M., F.R.S.
Physician—J. Elliotson, M.D., F.R.S., 37 Conduit Street.
Surgeon–E. S. Symes, Esq., 38, Hill Street, Berkeley Square.
Actuary—W. S. B. Woolhouse, Esq., F.R.A.S.
Solicitors—Messrs Sutton, Ewens, Ommanney, and Prudence, 6, Basinghall Street.
Bankers—Messrs Glyn, Hallifax, Mills and Co. 67, Lombard Street.
- Secretary–F. Ferguson Camroux, Esq.
This institution offers many important and substantial advantages with respect to
both Life Assurances and Deferred Annuities. The assured has, on all occasions, the
power to borrow, without expense or forfeiture of the Policy, two-thirds of the pre-
miums, paid, (see table); also the option of selecting benefits, and the conversion of
interests to meet other conveniences or necessity. Assurances for terms of years are
granted on the lowest possible rates.
Policies in force for seven years, not forfeited by suicide.
3}robigion of 33rofits:—
The steady success and increasing prosperity of the Society, has enabled the Direc-
tors, at the last annual investigation, to declare a second Bonus, averaging 60 per
cent. on the amounts invested on each Policy effected on the Profit scale.
EXAMPI.ES :
Sum the As-
- Permanent
Age. Sum. | Premium. || Year. Pºin reduction of ...”
| • Premium. -
| Policy.
A e s. d. 36 s. d. | 36 s. d. 36 s. d.
| 1837 || 170 9 3 | 12 3 2 346 2 3
60 1000 74 3 4 1838 144 2 2 9 16 4 296 13 4
1830 | 1.16 16 0 7 11 6 247 4 5
The division of profits is annual, and the next will be made in December of the
present year.
N.B.-Policies, as collateral money security for periods of one to five years, effected
at lower rates than charged at any other office, with option of continuance for life at
the usual rates.
3.Bcfcrred Ammuities.
I. A small yearly contribution, will secure the most ample return for after life;
thus—42 12s. per annum, paid for the age of 20, will give the Policy-holder the
following options:—
AT Sl), TY. AT SIXTY-FIVE.
An Annuity for re- An Annuity for re-
mainder of life.... £27 l l 4 or mainder of life .... E47 16 0
Cash... . . . . . . . . . . . 269 11 0 or a |º. I 1 0 or a
Policy, without further Policy, without further
contribution, of... 346 I5 0 at death. contribution of..... 466 0 0 at death.
Other ages above 20 may secure the like advantages through an increased payment,
or by the annual payment above, with a small sum as disparity.
Deferred annuities also granted, to commence at the ages of 50 and 55.
2. Two-thirds at any time lent on deposit of Policy, being a fund always available.
3. Two-thirds of all payments returned to representatives in case of premature
death.
Detailed Prospectuses, with every variety of Tables, may be obtained at the office,
or at any of its branches, or on application will be forwarded post free.
F. FERGUSON CAMROUX, Secretary.
Agents.-Bristol........ Wm. Claxton, Esq. l, Marsh Street.
Dublin........ Richard Symes, Esq. 18, Fleet Street.
Liverpool........ James Irvine, Esq. 28, South Castle Street.
Southampton.... Messrs Sharp and Harrison, French Street.
Sunderland ....Tomas Burn, jun. Esq. High Street,
H’aterford...... Sir Benjamin Morris Wall.


558 POPE's YEARLY JOURNAL OF TRADE ADVERTISER. ſigáš.
PROVIDENT CLERKS! MUTUAL BENEFIT ASSOCIATION
AND BENEWOLENT FUND,
No. 60, KING WILLIAM STREET, LONDON BRIDGE.
TIRU"STEES.
Thomas Baring, Esq. Wm. George Prescott, Esq.
Thomson Hankey, Esq. junior Raron I.ionel de Rothschild.
Treasurer of the Bencrolent Fund—John Abel Smith, Esq., M.P.
This Society presents important advantages to Clerks and their Families.
Pensions, Gratuities, Loans without Interest, Medical Advice, all the privileges
of the Sanatorium (Devonshire Place House, New Road), in case of illness, at one-
half the usual expense, and use of the Situation Book when out of employ, are
amongst the advantages offered, agreeably with the Rules, to Clerks who assure their
Lives with, or subscribe One Guinea annually to this Association; besides Pensions
and Allowances to their Widows and Children.
Proposals for Assurances, Prospectuses, and every information, may be obtained at
the Offices.
GEORGE THOMAS, Chairman.
UNION AS SURANCE OFFICE,
CORNHILL, AND BAKER STREET, PORTMAN SQUARE. LONDON,
COI.I.EGE GREEN, DUBLIN, AND ESPLANADE, HAMBUIRG.
INSTITUTED IN THE REIGN OF QUEEN ANNE, A.D. 1714.
FIRE. LIFE. ANNUITIES.
39trettorg, &c.
WII, LIAM NOTTIDGE, F sq., CHAIRMAN.
BROOME P. WITTS. Esq., DEPUTY CHAIRMAN.
James Bentley, Esq. John R. Mills, Esq.
'Dhomas Bodley, Esq. : John Paynter, Esq.
John Britten, Esq. ! Richard Hotham Pigeon, Esq.
Nicholas Charrington, Esq. - George Spencer Smith, Esq.
David S. Hewson, Esq. Richard H. Solly, Esq.,
John Hibbert, Esq. Joseph Wilson, Esq.
Samuel Houston, Esq. - Stephen Wilson, Fºsq.
Mr. THOMAS I,EWIS, SECRETARY.


1845.] PopF's YEARLY JOURNAL OF TRADE ADVERTISER. 559
THE
S C DTTI SH PROVIDENT INSTITUTION,
FOR
3%ife 3.ggurance and 3mmatitieg,
No. 14, ST. ANDREW’S SQUARE, EDINBURGH,
Is the oNLY office which combines the advantages of MUTUAL Assum ANCE and
PARTICIPATION IN THE whole of THE PROFITS with MoDERATE PREMIUMS.
The PREMIUM's for Young and Middle Ages are about a fourth lower than in the
other Mutual Offices; equal to an immediate bonus of £250. on a policy for £1000.
The PRofits are wholly divisible among the Assured, on an equitable principle
peculiar to this Office.—The surplus being reserved for those members whose premiums,
with accumulated interest, amount to the sums in their policies, instead of being frittered
away among those who, dying earlier, occasion a loss and not a profit to the common
fund.
The Constitution of the Society thus embraces every advantage which Life Assu-
rance is capable of affording.
The number of Policies issued since the commencement, in 1837, greatly exceeds
that of every other Office in Scotland, at the same period of its existence; and the
Directors are enabled to state that the affairs are in a highly prosperous condition.
ANNUAL PREMIUM TO ASSURE ONE HUNDRED POUNDS AT DEATH.
Age 25. 30 35 40 45 50
#!. s. d. £. s. d. £. s. d. £. s. d £. s. d £. s. d.
l 18 0 2 I 6 2 6 10 2 14 9 3 5 9 4 1 7
Reports of the Annual Meetings of the Members, Prospectuses, and every
information may be had on application.
JAMES WATSON, MANAGER.


60 P()PE'S YEAR.I.Y JOURNAL () F TRAIDE ADVERTISER. [1845.
stmish EUTABLE IIHF Assurants society
FOR MUTUAL ASSURANCE.
INCORPORATED BY ROYAL CHARTER.
AIBI, ISHEI) l N 1831.
Founded on the iPodol of the “London Equitable.”
1.ON I), N () F iſ ICE, 61, MOORGATE STREET.
A GENT—William Cook, Esq.
PHYSIc 1AN —Joseph Laurie, M.D.
Soi.1c1Ton—Charles Lever, Esq.
11 EA 1) () I'l’ICE, 26, ST. AN IDREW 'S SQUARE, EDINBURGII.
3}resident,
His GRAcE TIn E 1) vk: or IBUccLI:UGH AND QUEENSBURY. K. G.
£itc=33rcšiūcmts,
TH1. It is, IIT IIox. I, on D GRAY,
DAvid MAIT LAND MAcc ILL CRichton, Esq.
MANAGER—-Robert Christie, Esq.
This Society is ſounded on the most approved principles of I.ife Assurance, the
w Hol.E PROFITs being secured to the l’oi, Icy Hor. DERs.
The importance of this advantage is apparent from the fact, that at 1st March, 1841,
the Soclety made rested additions, varying from Twi. Lv E to Tw ENTY per cent. on the
Sums assured, to all Policies of Five Years' endurance, and at 1st March, 1844, a
similar vested addition of six per cent. ; besides further prospective additions of Two
per cent. per annum, calculated on the accumulated amount, in the event of their be-
coming claims before ist March, 1847, being the next period of allocation. For
example: on a Policy for £1000, effected on 1st September, 1881, there will, if it
become a claim after the 31st August in that year (1847), be £1338 Gs. 3d. payable;
viz. :-
Sum originally assured ...... • * * * * * * * * * * * * * * . . . . . . £1000 0 0
Wested Addition at 1st March, 1841, 20 per cent...... 200 0 0
#1200 9 0
Wested Addition at 1st March, 1844 . . . . . . . a • * * * * * * * 72 0 0
£1272 0 0
Further Additions, viz.:- -
On surviving 31st August, 1844, 2 per cent . . . 25 8 9
On surviving 31st August, 1845, 2 per cent .... 25 8 9
On surviving 31st August, 1846, 2 per cent .... 25 8 9
36.1348 6 3
And if the party be alive on 1st March, 1847, another VESTED ADDITIon, with pro-
spective additions, will accrue in manner above stated ; and so on every Three Years
thereafter.
By the Deed of Constitution the Assured are permitted to visit or reside in any part
of Europe.
The Society's Year closes, 1st MARCII, and Policies effected before that period
obtain the advantage of a full year's standing in each Division of Profits.
WM. COOK.


1845.] POPE's YEARLY JOURNAL OF TRADE ADVERTISER. 56]
IMPORTANT TO ALL PERSONS GOING TO SEA.
+- h -
MARINERS’ R GENERAL LIFE ASSURANCE COMPANY,
C APITAL 0N E M ILLION,
IN 20,000 S H A R ES OF £50 E A CH,
Empowered by Act of Parliament,
FOR INSURANCES ON THE LIVES OF MARINERS,
Whether of the Royal or Mercantile Navy,
ſºlemberg of tije 38opal Coast Guard, ſisſ)ºrmen or 360atmen,
M II, ITARY MEN AND CIVILIANS,
Proceeding to any part of the Globe; as also Individuals of every class in Society,
RESIDENT ON SHORE.
QIrustees.—Admiral Sir Philip Henderson Durham, G.C.B.
Joseph Somes, Esq. | Vice-Adm. Sir William Hall Gage, G.C.H.
TBirzctors, -
The Right Hon. Captain Lord Wiscount Ingestre, R.N., C.B., M.P.
Captain Thomas Dickinson, R.N. Sir George Rich
Philip Baker, Esq. John Warrick, Esq.
Joseph Bishop, Esq. Edmund Turner Watts, Esq.
Frederick Heisch, Jun., Esq. John Wills, Esq.,
George Mann, Esq.
335usician.—Sir James Eglinton Anderson, M.D.,M.R.I.A., 11, New Burlington Street.
%urgeon.—Charles Ilderton Croft, Esq., 22, Laurence Poultney Lane.
$olicitor.—John Hayward, Esq., 2, Adelaide Place, London Bridge, and Dartford, Kent.
33ankers.--Bank of England, and Commercial Bank of London.
The Policies granted by this Company cover voyages of every description and ser-
vice in every part of the Globe. The Premiums for Life Policies with permission to go
any and every where without forfeiture, are lower than have hitherto been taken for such
É. risks. The rates for distant voyages and residence in foreign climates are
equitable.
Deferred Annuities to Mariners at very moderate Premiums. This kind of Assur-
ance is well worthy attention.
The Premiums for all General Assurances (persons residing on shore) are based upon
a new adjusted Table of Mortality.
On Life Policies half the Premiums may remain unpaid for seven years, and then be
continued as a permanent loan if required. Life Policies may all be made whole Globe
ones. To those insuring the Lives of others this is often of consequence, seeing that
persons insured mayºgo out of Europe without permission, and thus occasion a §.
of the Policy.
Loans to Master Mariners and others upon every available Security.
Ten per Cent. of the Profits applied in making provision for Destitute and Disabled
Mariners.
JOHN DAWSON, Resident Manager.
Arthur Street East, London Bridge.
Applications for Agencies ſrom individuals of respectability, influence, and activity,
resident in the principal Sea-ports and Market Towns of the United Kingdom, to be
addressed to the Resident Manager.
2 O


1845.] POPE'S YEARLY JOURNAL OF TRADE ADVERTISER. 563
VICTORIA LIFE ASSURANCE COMPANY,
18, KING WILLIAM STREET, CITY.
DIRECTORS. -
Sir James Duke, Ald. M.P., Chairman--Benjamin Hawes, Esq., Deputy Chairman.
William Allen, Esq. Aaron Goldsmid, Esq. ſ Thomas Nesbitt, Esq.
Benjamin Barnard, Esq. James Law Jones, Esq. John Nolloth, Esq.
Charles Baldwin, Esq. J. L. Kettle, Esq. Major-General Hobertson
Bryan Donkin, Esq. John Knill, Esq. Daniel Sutton, Esq.
-- -- O B. Bellingham Woolsey, Esq.
AUDITORs—John Barnard, Esq.-William Hawes, Fsq.—Edw. Greenaway, Esq.-Robt. Pearson, Esq.
BANKERS.–Messrs. Barnard, Dimsdale, Barnard & Co.
Physicians.—A. Billing, M.D. 6, Grosvenor Gate, Park Lane.—T. W. Jones, M.D. 19. Finsbury-cresc.
SURGEONS.–J. Farish, Esq. 8, Lancaster Place, Strand.-J Dalrymple, Esq. 56, Lower Grosvenor St.
STANDING Counseſ.—Hussell Gurney, Esq.
Solicitor.—John Curtis, Esq. 80, Basinghall Street.
Actua Ry, AND SECRETARY-William Ratray, Esq.
Peculiar advantages are offered by this Company. Thus—
Parties assuring the lives of others may make their policies secure, notwithstanding the life assured
may go out of the limits of Europe, without the necessary permission of the Directors having been pre-
viously obtained. -
Credit of half the premiums for the first five years allowed on policies effected for the whole term of life.
On policies of five years' standing, half the amount paid, after the first year's premium, may be bor-
rowed thereon by the Assured.
Advances are also made to Assurers on real or undoubted personal security, for terms of years, repay-
able by instalments. -
Attention is particularly requested to the detailed prospectuses of the Company, which muk be obtained
at the Office, is, King William Street, City, or by letter, addressed to the Secretary.
WILLIAM RATRAY, Actuary and Secretary.
THE WESTMINSTER AND GENERAL LIFE Assurance
ASSOCIATION,
A T T H E W E S T M I N S T E R ‘F I R E O F F I C E,
27, KING STREET, COVENT GARDEN,
For granting Assurances on Lives and Survivorships for any Term of Pears and for
Endowments.
Tru STEES.
George Dodd, Esq, M.P., | Luke T. Flood, Esq..] George Mercer, Esq. | Colonel W. H. Meyrick.
I) IRECTORS.
Thomas Acocks, Esq. Henry James Dixon, Esq. Robert Henry Parkinson, Esq.
William Aldous, Esq. Luke T. Flood, Esq. George Pitt, Esq.
George Barclay, Esq. Richard Halliwell, Esq. Charles Rogers, Esq.
Frederick R. P. Barlow, Esq. George Hunt, Esq. Edward Simon Stephenson, Esq.
Henry Smith Cafe, Esq. Charles William Knight, Esq. John Sturges, Esq.
George Cornell, Esq. Charles Mayhew, Esq. Joseph W. Thrupp, Esq.
William Crake, Esq. General Douglas Mercer. Howell Leny Vallotton, Esq.
Jolin Crake, Esq. Thomas Parker, Esq. | John White, Esq.
AUDITORs:
Thomas John Burgoyne, Esq; Benjamin Edward. Hall, Esq. Ijames Tilbury, Esq., John Walls, Esq.
PhysiciaN.—Charles J. Roberts, M.D. 31, New Bridge Sreet, Bl: clºfiars. .
SURGEON,-James M. Arnott, Esq. F.R.S.. 2, New Burlington Street.
SolicitoR.—Thomas Burgoyne, Esq., 160, Oxford Street.
BANKERs.—Messrs. Cocks, Biddulph, and Cº. 43, Charing Cross.
ACT ARY.-W. M. Browne, Esq.
A Diridend of the profits of the Society was declared on the 1st of January, 1842, when an addition
amounting on the average to 45 per Cent, on the premiums received was made to all policies entitled to
share in the division.
The effect of this division will be readily seen by the following Table, showing the sums added to
Policies for £1000 on which Five Premiums have been paid.
TABLE OF ADDITIONS.
cº: at Annual Addition to foll Equal to the |
ommence- Premiums. 'Sum Assured. ºllºwing per estage,
ment. - on Premiums received.
ſ e s. n. 36 s. d. ºf s. d.
25 | 23 0 0 : 50 17 6 44 4 ()
30 t 2.5 5 16 | 56 l 0 54 6 0
35 23 4 2 | 67 17 0 | 47 10 6
40 32 5 0 7ö 15 to | 47 10 9
45 37 10 10 87 14 0 45 16 o
50 44 10 2 96 15 0 I 43 0. o
55 53. 3 4 119 9 0. 44 14 0
60 63 13 4 134 18 0 - 42 8 0.
- -------
Four Fifths or 80 per cent of the total Profits are divided among the Assumed at intervals of five years.
The next division §". place in the year 1847, and all Policies effected prior to the 1st of January,
1816, will be entitled to participate. -
The Profits respectively allotted may be received by the assured in present money, by a reduction
of the Annual Premium, or by adding to the Policy an equivalent reversionary Sum.
All persons assured on their own lives for £1000 or upwards, have the right (after two Annual pay.
ments), to attend and Vote at the General Meetings of the Society.
-- - - - W. M. BROWNE, Secretary.
2 o 2


56.4
pope's YEARLY Journal of TRADE ADVERTISER. - [1845.
THE YORKSHIRE FIRE MND LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY,
Established at York, 1824, and Empowered by Act of Parliament.
CAPITAL–£500,000. -
DIRECTORS.
Thomas Price, Esq., Clementhorpe, Chairman.
Thomas Barstow, Esq., Garrow Hill; John Swann, Esq., Hutton Hall, Dep.-Chairmen.
John Agar, Esq., Hazle Bush, near York
James i3arber, Esq., Tang Hall, near York
Henry Broadley, Esq., M.P., Beverley .
Joseph Buckle, Esq., York
Sir W. B. Cooke, Dart., Wheatley Park,
near 1)oncaster
R. Creyke, Esq., Rawcliffe
Sir S. Crompton, 13art., Wood End, Thirsk
Benjamin Dodsworth, Esq., York.
Jos." Smyth Egginton, Esq., Kirk Ella,
Hull
Hewley Graham, Esq., Holdgate, near
York
William Gray, jun., Esq., York
J. Middleton Hall, Esq., Scorbrough, Be-
verley
William Hatfield, Esq., Newton Kyme
Right Hon. Ilord Hotham, M.P. South
alton Park
George Liddell, Esq., Hull
James Meek, Esq., Middlethorpe Lodge,
near York
John Robert Mills, Esq., York
Henry Preston, Esq., Moreby Hall
P. Saltmarshe, Esq., Saltmarshe, Howden
George Swann, Esq., York
Avison Terry, Esq., Newland, Hull
I,eonard Thompson, Esq., Sheriff-Hutton
Park
Samuel Tuke, Esq., York
Right Hon. Ilord Wenlock, Escrick Park
Charles Whitaker, Esq., Melton Hill, Hull
John Wood, Esq., York
John Wormald, Esq., Oldstead Hall
Trustees—The Right Hon. Lord Wenlock; Robert Swann, Esq.;
Leonard Thompson, Esq.
Bankers—Messrs. Swann, Clough & Co., York.
Actuary and Secretary—Mr. W. L. Newman, York.
The steady and increasing support which this Company has received during the
nineteen years of its establishment, is the best proof of the confidence which the public
reposes in its stability and liberality,
The attention of the public is particularly called to the terms of this Company for
I,IFE INSURANCES, and to the distinction which is made between MALE’ and
IFEMALE Lives.
The following extracts from the Company's copious Tables (complete copies of which,
with the rates of the intermediate ages and for terms of years, may be had, on appli-
cation, at the office in York, or any of the agents) will show the annual premiums
required for securing £100 payable on the decease of
A MALE. | A FEMALE. A MALE. | A FEMALE.
Age next Age next
birth day. Whole Life Premiums. birth day. Whole Life Premiums.
4. s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d.
1() | 7 (; 1 5 4 50 5 4 9 4 I4 0
20 1 14 4 1 l l 6 60 6 6. 0 5 12 6
30 2 5 () I 19 9 66 8 4 0 7 10 8
40 2 19 () 2 12 0 70 10 0 4 9 7 6
46 3 l l 6 3 3 2 73 11 16 2 11 2 6
50 4 1 9 3 13 3 80 15 12 10
FIRE INSURANCES are also effected by this Company on the most moderate
terms.
FARMING STOCK Insured without the average Clause.
London Agent for the Life Department—Mr. EDWARD HENWOOD,
46, Watling Street, City.
Surgeon—J. W. LAMIBERT, Esq., Berners' Street, Oxford Street.
Mr. W. L. NEWMAN, Actuary and Secretary, York.


18 5.] POPE'S YEARLY JOURNAL OF TRADE ADVERTISER 565
LLOYD'S REGISTER OF BRITISH E FOREIGN SHIPPING,
COMMITTEE OF MANAGEMENT—1844-5.
THOMAS CHAPMAN, Esq., F.R.S., F.S.A., Chairman.
WILLIAM TINDALL, Esq., Deputy-Chairman.
JoHN Robinson, Esq., Chairman of the Sub-Committee of Classification.
George Allfrey, Esq. Nathaniel Gould, Esq. James Parkinson, Esq.
Robert Barry, £sq. George Hankey, Esq. Thomas Q. Powles, Esq."
Henry Buckle, Esq. George Hanson, Esq. Anthony Ridley, Esq.
Nathaniel Domett, Esq. William C. Harnett, Esq. W. Wilson Saunders, Esq.
Stephenson Ellerby, Esq. J. L. Heathorn, Esq. Joseph Somes, Esq., M.P.
George Fenning, Esq. Edward Hurry, Esq. George Whitmore, Esq.
Thomas Forrest, Esq. T. Alex. Mitchell, Esq.M.P. George F. Young, Esq.
GEORGE R. Rob INson, Esq., Chairman of the Committee of Lloyd's.
Joseph CHAPMAN, Esq., Chairman of the General Ship-Owner's Society.
TRUSTEES.
George Allfrey, Esq. Thos. Chapman, Esq. F.R.S. John Robinson, Esq.
Nathaniel Gould, Esq. F.S.A. William Tindall, Esq.
George Hanson, Esq. |
IBAN KERS.
Bank of England.
SOLICITOR.
Thomas Oliverson, Esq., Frederick's-place, Old Jewry.
SECRETARY AND REGISTRAR. |
Charles Graham, Esq., F.S.A.
No. 2, White Lion-court, Cornhill.
London, 1st July, 1844.
GU A R A N T E E S D CIETY,
28, POULTRY, LONDON.
(Established by Act of Parliament, 5th Victoria, Session 1843.)
For providing Security for the Fidelity of Persons in Situations of Trust, where
Sureties are required, on payment of an Annual Premium per Cent. Capital £100,000.
TRUSTEES.
J. Colquhoun, Esq. Major-General B. B. Parlby, C. B.,
Thomas Fowler, Esq. E. I. C.
Charles Rugge, Price, Esq.
IDIRECTORS.
JAMEs Colquhou N, Esq., Chairman.
CHARLEs SAUNDERSON, Esq., Deputy Chairman.
Thomas Attree, Esq. | Major-General B. B. Parlby, C.B.,
John Benson, Esq. E. I. C.
Francis Ilysons Price, Esq.
George Scovell, Esq.
| William Stark, jun., Esq.
Patrick Colquhoun, Esq.
Captain John Enock
Abraham Lindo Mocatta, Esq.
George Palmer, Esq.
AUDITORs.-Fmanuel Aguilar, Esq., II. H. Cannan, Esq., George Thomas, Esq.
BANKERs.-Sir Charles Price, Bart., Marryat, Coleman, and Price, King William-
street, London.
STANDING CounsEL.—lt. Ryder Dean, Esq.
Solicitors.—Messrs. W. and S. Cotton, 7, I,othbury, Ilondon.
AGENTs.--Birmingham, Nathaniel Lea, Esq.; Bristol, Messrs. G. Edwards, and
Sons; Dublin, Messrs. R. Smyth, Sons, and Du Bedat; Dundee, Walter Shaw, jun.,
Fsq.; Edinburgh, Henry Callender, Esq.; Glasgow, Leraine M. Kerr, Esq.; Hull,
Messrs. Alsop and Son; I.eeds, Messrs. J. H. and G. Risdale; I.iverpool, Messrs.
Hughes and Renald; Manchester, Samuel Taylor, Esq.; Newcastle-on-Tyne, F. W.
Bulman, Esq.; Norwich, Anthony Madders, Esq.; Sheffield, Samuel Mitchell, Esq.
Forms of Application and other particularrs may be obtained at the Society’s office,
28, Poultry, London; or from the Agents.
By order, THOMAS DODGSON, Secretary.


566 POPE'S YEARLY JOURNAI. OF TRADE ADVERTISE.R. [1845.
H E W H E A L AND C 0 M P ANY,
INCORPORATED BY ROYAL CHARTER, 1841.
CAP1TAL £300,000,
In Shares of £25 each, with power to increase it to £1,000,000.
Gobcrimor.—JOSEPH SOMES, FSQ.
Deputy=Gobermor.—[ION. FRANCIS BARING, M.P
Zºirett0rg.
Henry Aglionby, Esq., M.P. George I.yall, Jun., Esq.
John Ellerker Boulcott, Esq. Ross'ſ)onnelly Mangles, Esq., M.P.
Charles Buller, Esq., M.P. Stewart Marjoribanks, Esq., M. P.
Viscount Courtenay, M.P. Alexander Nairne, lºsq.
Alexander Currie, Esq. : The I, ord Petre
Sir Isaac Iyon Goldsmid, Bart. Jeremiah Pilcher, Esq.
James Robert Gowen, Esq. | Sir John Pirie, Balt., Alderman
Archibald I lastie, Esq., M. P. , John Abel Smith, Esq., M.P.
Sir Ralph Iłoward, Bart., M.P. | William Thompson, Esq., Ald., M.P.
William Hutt, Fsq., M.P. Edward Gibbon Wakefield, Esq.
Viscount Ingestre, M.P. George IFrederick Young, Esq.
$ctretary.—Thomas Cudbert Harington, Esq.
Agents in Neto Zealantſ.
Principal Agent at Wellington—Colonel William Wakefield.
Resident Agent at Nelson—William Fox, Esq. (Acting).
Resident Agent at New Plymouth—John Tylston Wicksteed, Esq.
OFFICE,
NEW TEALAND HOUSE, BROAD-STREET-BUILDINGS, LONDON.
TO MERCHANTS, SHIPPERS, AND COLONIAL AGENTS.
J. W0OLCOTT,
No. 6, GREAT WICHESTER STREET, LONDON,
Late with the Horseley Iron Company, Staffordshire,
GENERAL COMMISSION AGENT,
Castings and Wrought Iron work of every description. Steam Engines, Sugar
Mills, and Machinery of all kinds. Wrought Iron Boilers, Gasometers, Sugar Pans,
Tunts, Ships, Tanks, &c. Pig and IBar Iron, Plate and Angle Iron, and general use
Iron. Steel Files, Chains, Fire Bricks, Nails, and general Ironmongery wholesale.
Malt, Oat Bean, and other Mills, Hurdles, &c.
Plans and Estimates made out. Machinery valued and disposed of.
THE LIMERICK COMMERCIAL LIST,
#ublished by Authority,
BY JOHN KEITH,
C U S T O M H O U S E, LIM E R I C K,
AND DESPATCHED EVERY SATURDAY.
Contains an account of all Exports from that Port (with shippers' names) till Friday
evening; similar accounts for Kilrush, Clare, Tarbert, Askeaton, Trater, and Galway,
till Thursday evening; for Valentia, and other dependencies of Tralee, till Wednes-
day evening; for Westport and Sligo, till the same time; and for Ballina, Killala,
Ballyshannon, and Donegal, till Tuesday evening; thus comprising all the Exports of
the Western coast of Ireland.
It also contains an account of the Imports, Duties received, Market Prices, Freights
and Vessels, loading at Limerick, § Friday evening; of Arrivals at, and Sailin
from, Tarbert, in that Port, till Friday morning; and Śhipping Intelligence from the
other Ports to the same dates as their Exports.
Subscription, if delivered in Limerick,25s. per annum; if despatched by post, 30s.
Postage included.


1845.] POPE'S YEARLY JOURNAL OF TRADE ADVERTISER. 567
MARINE S D CIETY,
For the Equipment, Maintenance, aud Instruction of Poor Boys for the Roya
Navy, the Honourable East India Company, and Merchants' Service, and the
Fisheries.—Instituted 1756, Incorporated 1772.
Owners and Captains may apply at the
OFFICE, 55, BISHOPGATE STREET,
For Boys trained up for Sea, and well fitted out with Clothes and Bedding.
The Marine Society's Ship, the Iphigenia, is moored off Greenwich.
President—The Right Hon. The Earl of Romney. Vice Presidents, -The Right
Hon. Vice Admiral Sir George Cockburn, G. C. B., M. P. ;. The Right Hon. Lord
Viscount Melville, K. T. G., C., B.; The Right Hon. Earl de Grey; William
Astell, Esq., M. P. ; Vice Admiral, Sir Charles Adam, K. C. B., and Rear Admiral
Young. Treasurer—William Astell, Esq. Secretary–Mr. Thomas King.
Owners, and Captains of Ships and Vessels, and also of Steamers, are supplied
with Fine Lads, well clothed, on application at the Office of the Marine Society. -
BANK OF AUSTRAL AS I A,
INCORPORATED BY ROYAL CHARTER, 1835,
Capital, 1,200,000.
LONDON OFFICE 2, MOORGATE STREET.
COURT OF DIRECTORS IN LONDON.
Charles Barry Baldwin, Esq., M. P. Oliver Farrer, Esq.
Edward Barnard, Esq. Sir Andrew Green.
John Brownrigg, Esq., M. P. Samuel E. Magan, Esq.
William Brown, Esq. Charles Morris, Esq.
Sir George Carroll, Alderman. Richard Norman, Esq.
Bazett David Colvin, Esq. William Sargent, Esq.
BANKERs—The Bank of England, and Messrs. Smith, Payne and Smiths.
SECRETARY-William Millikin, Esq. SolIcIToRs—Messrs. Farrer and Co.
THE Court of DIRECTORs grant Letters of Credit and Bills at 30 days sight,
on their under mentioned Branches in Australasia, viz;-SIDNEY, Maitland, Hobart
Town, Launceston, Melbourne, Port Phillip, Adelaide, South Australia, and South
Western Australia, on terms which may be learnt on enquiry.
Applications to be made either at their Office, as above, or at their Bankers,
Messrs. Smith, Payne and Smiths,
BY on DER of THE count,
W. MILLIKIN, SEcRETARY.
CIRCULAR NOTES AND LETTERS OF CREDIT.
THE
LONDON AND WESTMINSTER BANK,
HAS COMMENCED THE
ISSUE OF CIRCULAR NOTES,
For the use of Travellers, and Residents on the Continent.
These Notes are payable at every important place in Europe, and thus enable a
Traveller to vary his route without inconvenience; no expense is incurred except the
price of the Stamp, and when cashed, no charge is made for Commission.
For the convenience of the Public, these Notes may be obtained either at the
Head Office of the London and Westminster Bank, in Lothbury, or at the Branches
of the Bank, viz; —
No. 1, St James's Square; 213, High Holborn; 4, Stratford Place, Oxford Street;
3, Wellington Street, Borough ; 87, High Street, Whitechapel.
By order of the Board,
JAMES WILLIAM GII, BART,
GENERAL MANAGER.


1845.] POPES YEARLY JOURNAL OF TRADE ADVERTISER. 569
TO MERCHANTS, CAPTAINS, EXPORTERS AND CONSUMERS IN GENERAL.
COMPOSITIONS FOR WRITING WITH STEEL PENS,
$tepheng'$ &riting ſºluttg.
These Compositions, which have so remarkably extended the use of the Steel Pens, are brought to very
great perfection, being more easy to write with, more durable, and in every respect preferable to the
ordinary ink. In warm climates iney have become essential. They consist of:—
A Blue Fluid, changing to an intense Black colour.
A Patent Unchangeable Fluid, remaining a deep Blue colour.
A superior Black link of the common character, but more fluid.
A Brilliant Carmine-Red, for contrast writing.
A Carbonaceous Record link, unchangeable by any chemical agent, and of the utmost importance in
the prevention of frauds.
Aiso a New Kind of Marking lnk for Linen; and Ink Holders, adapted for preserving ink from evapor-
ation and dust.
Bottles at 3d. each, convenient for writing from, are prepared, which will enable those who may wish to
try either of these articles to do so at a small expense: ersons inquiring for the Blue Fluids silould be
particular to use the terms “Unchangeable Blue Fluids,” or “Blue Black,” whichever they may require.
N.B.-Black Ink and imitations of the above articles are constantly being announced as “New Dis-
coveries,” but on examination they will be found to have only some new name.
The Unchangeable Blue. Fluids are patent articles; the public are therefore cautioned against imitations,
which are infringements, to sell or use which is illegal.
§tephens’ $zlett #teel Apems.
The utmost possible care having been bestowed upon the manufacture of these articles so as to procure
the highest finish—they can be confidently recommended, both for flexibility and durability. Also,
$tepjens' 33 uſing anti ſãIzdjamical Braming link, for 3&ngineers, Artists, and TBesigners,
This article will be found superior to the best Indian Ink for the above purposes. It does not smear with
India rubber nor wash off with water. It flows freely from the drawing-pen, and never corrodes or en-
crusts it. It may be used on a plate or slab, with a camel's hair brush, diluting it with water, or thicken-
ing it by drying, as required. It has the advantage of being ready for immediate use.
Sold in conical shaped bottles, convenient for using from, without any stand, as above, at 6d. each.
All the above articles are prepared by HENRY STEPHENs, the Inventor, 54, Stamford-street, Black-
friar's-road, London, and sold by all Stationers and Booksellers.
3:3tablished 1811.
WARD's CHEMICAL MUSEUM OR REPOSITORY,
FOR THE SALE OF ALL KINIDS OF
CHEMICAL, PHILOSOPHICAL AND ELECTRICAL INSTRUMENTS,
Consisting of all kinds of Apparatus suited for the Lecture Room and the Laboratory, comprising vessels
made of Berlin and Dresden Porcelain, German Glass, Stone and Wedgwood ware of all sizes, adapted
for Alcalimetry, Distilling, Evaporating, Testing, and for all purposes of Chemical Investigation. Elec.
tograph and Hydrometrical Instruments, Thermometers, Scales and Weights; and LIEBIG's Apparatus
for Organic Analysis, &c., including Pure Tests and Re-agents, Rare Specimens, Minerals, &c. Also,
warD's NEw PortABLE LABORATORY,
Containing a Series of Tests and Reagents in stoppered Bottles. Platina Crucible, accurate Balance, and
decimal Weight Supports, &c., and a set of Blowpipe Apparatus, carefully packed in a meat mahogany
case, with lock and key complete, price £5 10s. and £7 }. -
Estimates for sets of assorted Apparatus for illustrating, at a small cost, a complete Series of Experi-
ments, strongly recommended to schools, families, and classes of students.
No. 1, set of 80 articles for £3 3 0 No. 3, set of 166 articles for £10 10 0
No. 2, “ 105 44 5 5 0 No. 4, “ 229 44 21 0 0
Wholesale and Export Orders executed. Catalogues will be forwarded gratis.
JOHN WARD, OPERATIVE CHEMIST, 79, BISHOPSGATE STREET WITHIN.
*** Agent for R. Griffin and Co. of Glasgow.
PEARS/S TRANSPARENT SDAP,
. The superiority of this Soap over every other will be apparent on comparison; and when used a few
times, its own intrinsic value will fully establish its pre-eminence.
The GENUINE TRANSPARENT SoAP is of uniform consistence, and of a pale amber colour, of an agree-
able fragrant smell, more durable than any other soap, and much more pleasant to use. For Shaving,
gentlemen will find this soap superior to any offered to the public, as it produces a strong, lather, softens
the beard, and leaves the face delicately smooth and white. For Washing, price Is., and ls. 6d., in large
squares, perfumed with Otto of Roses, price 2s. 6d. For Shaving, price ls., 1s. 6d., and 2s. 6d. each. Also,
Shaving Rolls for gentlemen travelling, price ls. 6d. and 3s. each.
To avoid counterfeits, A. and F. PeARs beg to inform Merchants, Traders and others, that the
Genuine TRANspARENT So AP can be procured at the inventor's Manufactory, 55, Wells-street, Oxford-
street, London, or of W. Edwards, 67, St. Paul's Churchyard; Low and Son, 330, Straud; T. and E.
Atkinson, 24, Old Bond-street; Barclay and Sons, 95, Farringdon-street; Smyth and Nephew, 117, New
Fººt: Sutton and Co., 10, Bow Church-yard; and R. Hendrie, 12, Tichborne-street, Haymarket,
..ondon.


1845.] POPE's YEARLY JOURNAL OF TRADE ADVERTISER. 57.1
J. AND R, MILLIGAN,
I M P R O V E D P A T E N T
P 0 R T A B L E W A T E R C L 0 S E T S
47, CAREY STREET,
LINCOIN'S INN FIELDS, LONDON.
MILIIGAN's PATENT, PORTABLE WATER-CIOSETs,
Warranted superior to anything of the kind ever invented, being more durable, more simple in their
construction, and entirely free from smell. They are of various designs, suitable for the cottage or
palace, and will be found thirty per cent, cheaper than those of inferior make. Also Milligan's newly in-
vented FIXED CLOSET, combining within the space of the seat Cisterns, and all other advantages, at
one half the expense of the common Closet. They are forwarded complete that any ordinary workman
can fix them, and are only to be obtained at the Manufactory, where Water Closets of every description
are to be seen, from 20s, upwards. Plumber's Work in all its branches executed in town and country.
J., and R. M. beg at the same time particularly to recommend their IMPROVED PATENT PORTA-
BLE WATER CLOSETS for SICK CHAMBERS and other situations, made upon the most simple plan,
and in imitation of sundry articles of Bed-room Furniture, and thus avoiding the unpleasantness of the
article proclaiming at first sight its use and purposes.
J. R. MILLICAN,
47, CAREY STREET LINCOLNS INN FIELDS LONDON.
r PRATT's PATENT COMPENDIUM PORTMANIEAU,
Sº ea º
O W E R L A N D TO IN D I A.
The Nobility, Gentry, and Officers joining their Regiments, are respectfully in-
vited to select their Outfits from
PRATT's camp & TRAVELLINc EquipAcE SHow-rooms,
123, NEW BOND STREET, & 19, COCKSPUR STREET,
Previous to starting for India. The personal requisites for the journey can be easily
contained in two of the Patent Compendium Portmanteaus, which afford greater con-
venience for packing than any hitherto invented, combines with it an expanding bag,
and opens at once to four compartments, so essentially necessary for packing clothes
without pressure; also the Light Portable Metallic Bedstead, with the Patent Mus-
quito Netting and Bedding, contained in one valleise. Chairs, Canteens, Wash Lea-
ther Sheets, and every travelling requisite for the comfort of passengers through
Egypt to India. Pratt's Military and Travelling Outfit List to be had gratis.


572 POPE's YEARLY JOURNAL OF TRADE ADVERTISER. [1845.
FOREIGN AND COLONIAL NEWSPAPER AND ADWERTISING -
AGENCY AND COMMISSION OFFICE, ..
18, CORN HILL, LONDON.
(Opposite THE Royal Exchange.)
SIMMONDS and CI.OWES, Foreign Newspaper and .# ºf . take
leave to acquaint the mercantile community at large and private individuals who have
friends or relations on foreign stations, that they receive regularly files of Newspapers
from all parts of the world, which are preserved for the facility of reference and in-
spection, and sent, when requested, to parties for perusal.
All the Newspapers published in the following British islands, settlements, &c., re-
ceived by the mail packets and private ships, with the utmost regularity:-Antigua,
Bahamas, Ibarbadoes, Berbice, Ibermuda, Bombay, Buenos Ayres, Cape Breton, Cape
of Good Hope, Calcutta, Canton, Canada, Demerara, Dominica, Gibraltar, Grenada,
IIalifax, Hobart Town, Honduras, Hong Kong, Jamaica, Madras, Malta, Mauritius,
Monte Video, Montreal, New Brunswick, Newfoundland, New Zealand, Nova Scotia,
Port Philip, Prince Edward's Island, Quebec, Rio de Janeiro, Singapore, St. Kitt's,
St. Lucia, St. Thomas's, St. Vincent, Sydney, Tobago, Toronto, Trinidad, Van Die-
men's Land, South Australia, Western Australia, &c.
Also those from New Orleans, Baltimore, Charleston, Boston, Washington, New
York, Philadelphia, and various German, French, Spanish, and other foreign Journals.
The proprietors venture to affirm, that a larger assortment of British 8. and
Foreign Journals is to be met with at their offices than at any other establishment in
Ilondon.
Orders and Advertisements received for every Newspaper published. The charges
may be known on application.
BRITISH AND FOREIGN ADVERTISING OFFICE,
21, CATHARINE STREET, STRAND.
ADv ERTISEMENTs, BIRTHs, DEAT IIs, MARRIAGES, and all public announcements
forwarded to W. THOMAS, General Advertising Agent, are punctually inserted in
the London and Country Newspapers and Periodicals, and all the Foreign, East
India, and Colonial Papers. W. T. having been appointed English Agent for the
JOURNAL DES DEBATS, I.F. GLOBE, L'EXPOSITION, AND
JOURNAL DES CHASSEURS,
Is enabled to insure the prompt insertion of Advertisements, and to supply the Papers
on advantageous terms to Parties residing in all parts of the United Kingdom and the
Colonies, as also every Journal and Periodical published throughout
FRANCE, GERMANY., ITALY, AND SPAIN.
In order to afford every facility to Advertisers and the Public, papers are filed
for inspection from every part of
ENGLAND, IRELAND, SCOTLAND, AND WALES,
which can be referred to on application; and for the convenience of Residents in the
country and abroad, W. T. undertakes to forward correct extracts, in every lan-
uage, relating to Legal, Political, I.iterary, or Commercial Affairs, Births, Deaths,
arriages, &c. &c., that may have appeared in any of the Newspapers for past
years published in
THE UNITED KINGIDOM OR, ABROAD.
Foreign Correspondence and Documents connected with Government, Commer-
cial, Literary, and Private Business, are translated; and Negotiations effected with
promptitude.
ADVERTISERs resident in England or on the Continent, can have their Letters ad-
dressed to this Office, and transmitted to their order, on entering the same in the
IRegister kept for that purpose.
W. THOMAS, GENERAL ADVERTISING AGENT,
21, CATHERINE STREET, STRAND.


1845] POPE'S YEARLY JOURNAL OF TRADE ADVERTISER. 573
WED GEW 0.0D S MANIF0 LD WRITER,
This Invention will enable you to produce a letter and its copy at one operation, or
if you require it, a letter, copy, and duplicate, all facsimiles, and in a permanent un-
changeable ink, and written with a single pen or style that is so durable as to require
no mending, and always writes the same. The apparatus is portable as a small writ-
ing case, and very cheap. It affords the means of effecting an immense saving as well
as dispatch in business, and precludes the possibility of fraud or forgery, or alterations
in documents written with it.
To Merchants, Bankers, Members of Parliament, and Solicitors, and indeed, to all
who write much, and desire to keep copies of their letters, or to send duplicate letters
abroad, this Invention will prove invaluable.
Price 16s., 21s., 30s., 42s., with common Pens, Ink, and Sealing Wax.
co o M B's P A T E N T Lic HT,
Very complete for Persons travelling or going abroad, either in russia or morocco
portfolios, £4.4s.
MANUFACTORY, 4, RATHBONE-PLACE, OXFORD STREET,
SMART/S FOR ADULT
INSTITUTION 2-2 TUITION,
==== ... --- ---Tº: – … .
No. 7, NEW STREET, COVENT GARDEN,
LEADING TO ST. MARTIN'S LAN.E.
Writing, Book-Keeping, &c.—Persons of any age, however bad their WRITING,
may, in Eight Lessons, acquire permanently an elegant and flowing style of Penman-
ship, adapted either to professional pursuits or private correspondence. ... Arithmetic
on a method requiring only one-third the time and mental labour usually requisite.
Book-keeping as practised in the Government, Banking and Merchants Offices.
Short-hand, &c.
Apply to Mr. SMART, at the Institution, 7, New Street, Covent-Garden, leading
to St. Martin's-lane.
“Under such instructors as Mr. SMART, penmanship has been reduced to a Sci-
ence, and the acquisition, therefore, of what is called a “good hand,’ rendered but the
“labour of an hour !’”—Polytechnic Journal.
“We advise all bad writers to apply to Mr. SMART, who will speedily render
them accomplished in the Caligraphic Science.”—The Evening Star. -
“Mr. SMART'S mode of teachlng is a vast improvement upon any former system
which has come under our inspection.”—London Journal of Commerce.
s MART's supe R10 R s T E E L PENs,
Adapted for Bold, Rapid, Free, and extremely Fine Writing,
Thirty for Is..—per gross, 3s. 6d.
Mr. SMART, in the course of his long experience as a Teacher of the Art of Writ-
ing, found that Steel Pens were so defective, as often to render the exertions of both
Teacher and Pupil abortive. He was, therefore, induced to turn his attention to
the improvement of an Article on which the success and satisfaction of both parties so
much depended, and the result has been the manufacture of a pen, which for the pro-
duction of Superior Caligraphy, ease and comfort in use, flexibility and durability
cannot be surpassed.
*...* Observe every Pen is stamped “W. SMART, WRITING MAst ER, LoNDoN.”


1845] Pope's YEARLY JOURNAL OF TRADE AD VERTISER. 575
Books Published by sherwood, Gilbert,
and Piper,
P A T E R N O S T E R. R. O. W.
Cribbage, Chegg, and Hºraugºtá.
CRIBBAGE-PLAYER's TEXT-BoöK: being a New and Complete Treatise and, Easy Guide to a
perfect knowledge of that Intellectual Game, in all its varieties; including Anthony Pasquin's scientific
work on Five-Cárd Cribbage. By G. WALKER. Price 3s.6d. bound and gilt.
CHESS MADE EASY : a New Introduction to the Rudiments of that Scientific and Popular Game,
exclusively for Beginners. Elegantly printed, and illustrated with numerous Diagrams. By G.
WALKER. Price 3s.6d. gilt edges. - - -
“He (Mr. Walker) has done more for Chess than any other man, now living; nothing could be better
arranged, or explained, than is the matter of this little Treatise.”—Metropolitan Magazine.
NEW TREATISE on CHESS. The Rudiments of the Game 'explained on Scientific Principles : with
the best Methods of Playing the most brilliant Openings and difficult Ends of Games;...including nºmerous
original Positions, and a selection of Fifty New Chess Problems. By G. WALKER. Third Edition,
corrected and improved, price 8s. cloth.
SELECT GAMES at CHESS, as actually played by PHILIDOR and his CONTEMPQRARIES.
Now first published, from the original Manuscripts, with Notes and Additions, by G. WALKER. Price
5s. cloth
STURGES GUIDE to the GAME of DRAUGHTS, in which the whole Theory and Practice of that
scientific Recreation are clearly illustrated: including many. Hundred Games Played Quți, and, Qhe
Hundred and Fifty Curious Positions displayed on Diagrams. Revised and improved by G. WALKER,
Price 4s. 6d. cloth - - -
&Joshua Sturges was the best writer on Draughts that ever appeared. He spent his whole leisure in
the cultivation of his favourite pursuit. The Game of Draughts was to him all in all.”-Atlas.
ARTS of LIFE and CIVILIZATION: with Accounts of all the Useful Products of Nature and Industry;
and Practical Details of Processes in Manufactures, Chemistry, Pharmacy, Building, Mechanics, and
other Social Sciences, alphabetically arranged according to the best Authorities and latest Discºveries:
In 1400 columns of Nonpareil type, forming a very thick volume in duodecimo. By SIR. RICHARD
PHILLIPS. Price 14s, cloth.
A PRACTICAL TREATISE on BREEDING, REARING, and FATTENING all kinds of poMESTIC
POULTRY, PIGEONS, and RABBITS; also on Breeding, Feeding, and Managing Swine, Milch Cows,
and Bees. Ty BONINGTON, MOUBRAY, Esq. Seventh Edition, enlarged by a Treatise on Brewing,
on Making British Wines, Cider, Butter, and Cheese, and Country Concerns generally ; adapted to the
Use and Domestic Comforts of Private Families. Illustrated with New and Original Drawings from Life,
coloured from Nature, of the various breeds of Fowls and Animals. 7s.6d. cloth boards.
Qſìgcful ºilorţg in Qſtabc.
LEYBOURNE'S TRADER'S SURE GUIDE: containing Tables, exhibiting at one view the Amount
or Value of any Number or Quantity of Goods, from One to Ten Thousand, at the various Prices, from
One Farthing to One Pound, New Edition, by T. HUGHES, printed in large type, 2s. 6d.
BETTESWORTH's MINIATURE READY-RECKONER; or Trader's Infallible Guide; which carries
the Farthings and Halfpence farther than any other: for the Pocket. By T. HUGHES. Price is. bound.
BETTESWORTH'S TABLES of INTEREST, on an enlarged Plan, from £1 to £1000; from One Day
to a Hundred Days, and for One to Twelve Months, at two, two and a half, three, three and a half, four,
four and a half, and five per cent per annum; with Tables of Brokerage, and for valuing Annuities. New
Edition, improved by J. GOODLUCK, 2s. 6d.
TABLES of SIMPLE INTEREST, at Three, Four, Four-and-a-half, and Five per Cent., (or from One
to Eight per Cent,) from One to Three Hundred and Sixty-five Days, in Daily Progression ; also
TABLES of COMMISSION, BROKERAGE, or EXCHANGE, from One-eighth to Five per Cent., and of
Income. Salary, Expenses, &c. by the Day, Week, Month, or Year. A Time Table of the Number of
Days, from any Day in the Year to the 31st of December, the period at which Interest is usually calculated,
or of the Number of Days from any Day of any Month in One Year to any given Day in the following
Year; and several useful Tables connected with Trade and Business. The whole carefully corrected.
By THOMAS BOWYER, Accountant. Price 5s. bound and lettered.
HARDWICK'S TRADER'S CHECK-BOOK; for finding at one View, the Amount of any Quantity of
Goods Bought or Sold by the Hundred Weight or Ton, or by Tale or Measure. Also, the OILMAN'S
ASSISTANT; shewing the value of a Ton of Fish or Seal Oil, from One Farthing to One Pound per Gallon;
or the Weight of any Number of Gallons, from One Gallon to One Tun. By R. W. WHITTON. Par-
ticularly adapted for the use of Grocers, Oilmen, Sugar-Refiners, Iron-Founders, Tallow-Chandlers, Soap
Manufacturers, Hop Merchants, Cheesemongers, Druggists, &c., &c.
...And any Business where Goods are Sold or Bought by the Great Hundred, Ton, Tale, or Measure. 3s.6d.
EDE'S GOLD and SILVERSMITH'S TABLES; shewing the Value of any quantity of Silver or Gold,
from 3s. to 10s. per ox. ; and from ll: 5s. to 5l. 5s. per of...; from one grain to 1000 ounces. Tables of Duties
as charged on Wrought Gold and Silver; Value of Gold at the Coinage Price; Standard and Current
Weights of the Gold and Silver Coinage ; Assayer's Mode of Reporting at Her Majesty's Mint; Tables of
the Rate of Exchange, shewing the Value of the Coins used in France, Holland, Portugal, and Hambro',
with reference to the Guinea of England. . Third Edition, with Improvements, price 7s —Exceedingly
useful to all Goldsmiths, Working Silversmiths, Pawnbrokers, and all persons dealing in Silver and Gold.
FORTUNE'S. EPITOME of the STOCKS and PUBLIC FUNDS; containing facts and events relative
to the Stocks, Funds, and other Government Securities, necessary to be known by all persons connected
therewith, or who are desirous of investing their capital; with every necessary information for perfect
understanding the nature of these Securities, and the mode of doing Business therein; including a full
Account of every Foreign Fund and Loan, the Dividends of which are payable in London. Fourteenth
Fdition, revised and corrected by J. FIELD, Jun, of the Stock-Exchangé. Price 6s, cloth.


576
Pope's YEARLY JOURNAL OF TRADE ADVERTISER. ſidis.
TO MERCHANTS, SHIPPERS, AND OTHERS,
H. J. & D. NICOLL,
Are induced to call the attention of Gentlemen proceeding
Abroad, or Shipping Wearing Apparel, who are desirous of
buying at the best and cheapest markets, at the same time to
avoid the carelessness of style, and inferior qualities of mate-
rial so commonly used. Those Gentlemen are referred to
114, REGENT STREET, LONDON.
At the above noble and extensive premises, from the spirited
manner in which the business is conducted, Gentlemen will im-
mediately see the superior advantages now offered by H. J. and
D. NICOLL, whose name has been so long established for excel-
lence of material and workmanship. Prompt Cash alone enables
the above Firm to submit to Merchants and Shippers their Goods
at their established moderate scale of Prices.
Agents for Irvine's Patent Water-Tight Trunks and Packages, which possess the
great advantage of preserving from damp the most delicate materials, and the most
important property of being so floatable and buoyant in the water, as, although filled
with goods, to be able to support several persons from sinking.
H. J. & D. NICOLL,
No. 114,
IRE GENT STREET, LONDON.


THE TEMPLER CAP
PATRONISED ISY THE ELITE OF THE LAND,
It.egistercd Act 6th and 7th Victoria, Tſo. 30,
ºğ (OIF ºf E jºiâ(ÖFILTE {
... The Textruth Cap. Under this name we have occasion to commend one of the best ºravelling of ºightly
coverings for the Head which we have yet.een: to those who are subject to colds, this is the most useful inven-
tion of till ind, and likely to prove very serviceable.”—Illustrated Polytechnic Review.
MSD on THIs.”
Q
were upon TIIIs Pl
'*', PRICES :
Tºjº.JPILIER,
TRAVELLINC
CAPs,
6s. 6d. to 18s.
\{P.E.
HT cAPs,
ls. 6d. 2s
2s. 6d. 3s.
3s. 6d. 4s.
SILK,
5s, to 15s
THE TEMPLER CAP. THE OLD NIGHTCAP.
“Otium cum dignitate.” “Nec otium mec dignitas.”
For the Railway it is light,
warm, durable, and portable, and
can be crammed in the pocket or hat
without injury. ... When worn for
warmth, it is similar in form to the
knight-templer's helmet. When
coolness is desirable, and the earlaps
looped at the top of the head, or
turned in, it resembles the Greek
cap. Can be procured of any re-
spectable Hosier or Hatter in the
|United Kingdom.
As a Nightcap, its advantages
may be thus briefly enumerated: it
will keep on all night, does away
with all the ridges, is uniform in Sortie de Bal, it will add muc
substance, is much lighter, cooler, § comfort without detracting from
or (what seems odd, but not the less appearance.
“THE TEMPLER CAP.-A most welcoxne change to men, as regards comfort and appearance; it has only
to be tried to supersede the old Krightcap. For Ladies, it is a truly elegant and exceedingly comfortable Cap,
whether for Travelling, returning from the Opera or Soirée.”—Court Gazette.
Templer Nightcaps sent to any part of the Kingdom on receipt of Post-Office Orders, with
Three Postage Stamps added for each Cap.
Thirty Warieties at tºac Hanwenator's, H&2 New FBomad St. London.
The Trade and Shipping Orders (only) supplied by Messrs. J. and R. MoRLEY, Fletcher Gate,
Nottingham, and 18 Wood Street, Cheapside, London.
“Mr. Powell's Templer Cap not only secures perfect comfort to the wearer, but gives to the general contour a graceful and
classical air.”—Tyne Mercury.
true) warmer than the old ugly
Nightcap, simply because it can be
regulated to suit all temperatures,
and, in fine, as the kind and abun-
dant Testimonials will prove, the
TEMPLER NIGHTCAP will be found
a most comfortable assistant to a
night's repose.
“Editors are always WIDE AWAKE;
but if ever we should be caught napping, our
excuse would be the temptation the new
Templer Nightcap offers, which is the MOST
ELEGANT AND COMFORTABLE AR-
TICLE we have ever yet seen.”—Bell's
Weekly Messenger.
As a Lady's Travelling . or
to
MR. CIIARLES KEENE having retired from the firm of KEENE and Power L, in order to
facilitate the adjustment of the Partnership Accounts, the whole of the valuable Stock, well known
to be of the best fabrics, and in good condition, comprising WoollBN, Cotton, AND SILK HostERY,
SHIRTs, IRISH LINENs, TABLE LINEN, Towelling, DREssING Gow Ns, Cotton, SILK, AND SATIN
CRAVATS AND ScARVEs, Su Awls, GLoy Es, INDIA-RUBBER WEBs AND BRACEs, and other Articles
too varied to enumerate, will be offered at a virtual reduction of 25 per cent, i.e. one-fourth off for
Cash by the remaining Partner,
HHRENRY P&PWEILFD, at the Warehouse, 102 New Ełońnd street.
T ... MA - 12 - 4 15 TT1:7-


580 POPE'S YEARLY JOURNAL OF TRADE ADVERTISER. [1845.
PATENT PARAGON CAMPHINE LAMPS,
The great fault which was last year found with the Vesta from the great smoke and
emission of black smuts is, happily, entirely obviated in the PARAGON, which sur-
passes, in brilliancy and whiteness of light, anything hitherto seen, giving the light of
sirteen wax candles, at the cost of one halfpenny per hour. The largest stock in Lon-
don to select from at G. WATSON'S warehouses, 41 and 42, Barbican, and 16, Nor-
ton-falgate. The spirit, analysed and recommended by Dr. Ure, is delivered by C.
Watson's carts, at 4s. per gallon, in screw cans.
TATENT ELECTRO-PLATED & GILT ARTICLES
In every variety, at the Establishments of the Patentees,
ELKI M GT ON & C 0,
WEST END–22, REGENT STREET,
Corner of Jermyn Street.
C IT Y-45, M O O R. G. A. T E S T R. E. E. T.
The Patent Electro processes being extensively adopted under their license, the
Patentees beg to state that they confine their own manufacture to goods of a superior
and warranted quality only, which invariably bear their mark, “E. and Co.,” under a
crown. Old articles re-plated and gilt.
E HE TER H 0 US E,
No. 374, S T R A N D L O N D O N.
sº
SALTERI & CO.,
CARVERS & GILDERS, LOOKING-GLASS MANUFACTURERs, &c.,
TO HIS LATE MAJESTY WILLIAM IV.
S. & Co., impressed with the deepest gratitude for the liberal patronage their House
has received, beg to inform the Nobility and Gentry, that they continue to furnish the
largest dimensions of Chimney and Pier Glasses, Console and Pier Tables, Girandoles,
Candelabras, Cheval and Toilette Glasses of the most exquisite Workmanship.
G I L T W IN DO W C O R N I C E S,
IN A GREAT WARIETY OF PATTERNS.
A large Assortment of Ornamental and well-seasoned
PO R T R A IT AN ID OT H E R F RAM E. S.
AT VERY LOW PRICES.
Country Orders executed free of Charge for Cases, &c.


582 POPE'S YEARLY JOURNAL OF TRADE ADVERTISER.
CABBURN’S OIL,
FOR THE CURE OF RHEUMATISM, G0 UT,
Lumbago, Pains in the Kidneys, Groin, and Joints; Swelling; Acute Pains in the
Flesh, as "Tic-J)oloureux; Sealds; Internal Injuries produced by Falls, Straining, or
Over-Exertion; 13urns, Spinal Affections, Loss of Strength, Weakness, Stiffness; Dis-
tortion and Cramp of the Îlimbs and Joints; Piles, Paralysis, Difficulty of Breathing.
Also, generally of Minor Complaints, as Chilblains, Chapped Hands, Wounds, &c. ...
:ATPID PROGRESS –In September 1840 only, a license was taken out for this
Preparation to cure the Rheumatic Gout, &c.; and although still little known from
advertising,
Upwards of IOO,000 Bottles have been sold.
It is under the immediate notice of the Faculty in several infirmaries; and last
August, an eminent physician testified his good opinion, having personally received all
the desired benefit in a severe attack of IRheumatism. Its powers are extensive ; and
to judge of it particularly, persons should obtain a pamphlet describing its capability
in nearl
n nearly 300 TESTIFIED GASESs
from the Infant to the elder Adult, which may be obtained (gratis), by addressing
a letter, post paid, inclosing two penny post stamps, to
MR. CAB BURN's DISPEN'sARY, King's Cross.
By the kind recommendation of the following Reverend Gentlemen, many afflicted persons have
been alleviated of their sufferings, and thereby enabled to support their Families, instead of
being dependant upon charity : —
The Rev. Sir Francis Stapleton, Bart., The Rev. G. T. Palmer, St. Pancras
Mereworth Rectory, Kent The Rev. E. Parry, Spafields
The Rev. Thomas Baker, St. Pancras The IRev. B. Pratt, St. Giles’
The Rev. Charles Carpenter, Bethnal | The Rev. D. Russell, A.M., Pentonville
Chapel The Rev. J. W.Washington, D.D., Gray's-
The Itev. W. E. L. Faulkner, Clerken- Inn-road
well The Rev. F. C. Wilson, All Saints, Is-
The Rev. Wm. Gleadell, Regent-square lington
The lèev. E. P. Hannan, Camden-town The Rev. W. Wilson, St. Pancras
The Rev. Wm. Harnes, Mecklenburgh- The Itev. 'Thomas Yolland, Brunswick-
square square
The Rev. J. Holdstock, Clarendon-square The Rev. W. Thompson, St. Barnabas
The lèev. D. Kelly, 57, Dorset-street : The Itev. G. H. Bowery, Rectory, Co-
The lèev. Jas. Mayne, Bethnal-green vent-garden
The Rev. R. Newilead, Hoxton | The Rev. Charles Bradley, St. James's
Tha Rev. A. Stead, New-road, St. Pancras | Chapel, Clapham
The Autographs and Recommendations from several hundreds of IReverend and other
Gentlemen, may be seen at the Dispensary.
£eports from Medical Dispensaries.
To Mr. Cabburn.
Sir.—I have great pleasure in informing you your Oil is much recommended, and
highly approved of here, by the first Nobility, who all tell me it is the best thing of
the kind they have ever yet tried, and is sought after as a sovereign remedy in Cases
of Rheumatism, Gout, &c. &c. I am, very respectfully, yours,
Medical Dispensary, STEPHEN WEHITE.
77, King's-road, Brighton, March 3, 1843.
An eminent physician, who was suspended from his professional duties by Rheumatic
Gout, in a few hours obtained such relief, that instead of being liftcd in and out of his
carriage, could leave it without assistance or inconvenience.
The following letter has been addressed to Mr. Cabburn from J. Rogers, Esq., the
present Mayor of Stafford:—
Dear Sir, At the request of Mr. Thorpe, I send you the accompanying statement,
being anxious to recommend your Medicine to others, and I could furnish you myself
with many similar testimonies to induce persons afflicted with Rheumatism, Gout,
Lumbago, &c., to avail themselves of the surprising effects of your valuable discovery.
I am, dear Sir, yours respectfully, J. ROGERS, Mayor of Stafford.
Testimonials of importance within these few weeks have been sent from Portsmouth,
York, Sheffield, IIereford, Manchester, Durham, Brighton, Norwich, Hamburgh, &c.,
to Mr. CARBURN's DisPENSARY, King's-cross, London, where the Öil may be had in
bottles, at 2s. 9d., 4s. 6d., 11s., and 22s. Likewise of Messrs. Hannay & Co., 63, Ox-
ford-street ; Barclay, Fdwards, Sutton & Co.; and of all principal medicine vendors
in the kingdom.—Ask for “CABRURN’s Oil roR THE CUPE or RHEUMATIsM,” &c.


586 POPE'S YEARLY JOURNAL OF TRADE ADVERTISER. [1845
THE ALBERT or ELASTIC CRAVAT.
Messrs. F. II UGHEs & CoMPANY (the well-known ANAToM1cAL MEcHANIcIANs),
have exhibited a FIGURE at their MANUFActon Y, 247, HIGH Holbohn, the head of
which is constantly moving backwards and forwards, thus silently, but surely, con-
vincing the world that their ALBERT or PATENT ELAstic CRAvAT cannot be put
out of shape by any motion of the head and neck. Its beautiful light spring (not made
of bristles, India-rubber, and starched materials) is so constructed that the wearer, for
life, is characterised by his orderly, easy, and GENTI.EMANLIKE CRAvAT, in contra-
distinction to a stiff, uncomfortable, or slovenly stock or neckcloth. Mrs. Cornwall,
I}ARoN WILson recommends her friends to present their admirers with an ALBERT
ELAst Ic CRAvAT, in return for their presents of bouquets, gloves, &c.; and
Vates's prophecy is daily verified, that there is an end approaching to a stiff-necked
generation, for F. Hugh Es & CoxipANY have beat all their competitors by a neck.
Iadics and Gentlemen's Elastic Surgical Instruments and Bandages of every
description.
An experienced Female to attend Ladies.—A Surgeon's advice if necessary.
IF. HUG IIES & Co. Established 1785.
Wholesale, Retail, and for Exportation.
PANCLIBANON IRON WORKS,
58 ,BAKER STREET, PORTMAN SQUARE,
3titrijcm 3 tangrg, stope Gratrº, jFitritisfying fronntongerp.
The Stock of this vast Establishment has been renewed, with an extensive selection
of every description of domestic Purniture usually found in the Ironmongery Depart-
ment. Every requisite for the Kitchen, in Copper, Iron, or Tin, of first-rate qualities.
KITCHEN. RANGES and Cooking Apparatus upon approved principles, including
useful and modern improvements. The higher class of goods comprises an enlarged
assortment of REGISTER STOVE GRATES in steel and black metal, with
FENDERS and FIRE-II: ONS to correspond, suitable to drawing and dining-rooms,
libraries, halls, and chambers, in various styles of ornamental embellishment now in
vogue, and of improved modes of construction, calculated to insure safety with economy.
A very large assemblage of BATHS, of sound make, and adapted to all purposes of
health and comfort; comprehending SHOWER, PLUNGE, and APOUR,
BATHIS; those proper to the Nursery, with HIP, FOOT, and KNEE BATHS,
and peculiar shapes convenient for embrocation; among these enumerated, are varieties
fitted with practical improvements for the ready application of this valuable resource
to the invalid, or in cases of sudden indisposition.
A commodious saloon has been added, to receive a new stock containing appendages
to the tea-table, including PAPIER MACHE and IRON łºś of great
beauty of design, and tasteful display of ornament. TEA and COFFEE-URNS and
COFFEE-MACHINES of the best quality, of London make, comprising every
useful improvement in those articles.
Tea Services in BRITANNIA METAI, of superior quality, and in considerable
variety of shape and pattern. A costly display of plain and enriched BIRITISH
PLATE of peculiar elegance of design and execution, chiefly work from silver models,
together with SPOONS, TONGS, and CADDIES, KNIVES, and FORKS EN
SUITE, to which may be added TABLE and GRAVY SPOONS, SOUP-LA-
DLES, FISH-KNIVES, SLICES, with the more consequential objects proper to
the dining-table, Turbot and Venison Dishes and Covers; square, round, and oval-
corner Dishes; Epergnes, Cruet-stands, &c. &c.
The Stock of WIRE-WQRK is the largest in the kingdom, and comprises ever
variety requisite for the HALL or VER ANDA, TERRACE, or ROOM WIN.
DQW.T.R.E.I.I.I.S.WORK, TRAINERS, BASKETs, ARch Es, TEMPLEs,
and ALCOVES, of new and beautiful designs, and of first class workmanship.
Every article is plainly exhibited, with the READY y - -
warranted of the best º e MONEY me affixed, and.


1845.] POPE'S YEARLY JOURNAL OF TRADE ADVERTISER. 589
BROWNE & CO.’S
UNIVERSITY STREET, LONDON.
AT THESE WORKS ARE EXECUTED IN SCAGLIOLA,
(In imitation of the most beautiful British and Foreign Marbles)
COLUMNS & PILASTRES,
WITH C A PIT ALS AND BASE S F & R D I ALS,
From approved Greek and Roman Evamples,
PEDESTALS, TERMINI, AND CANDELABRA,
$labs for Commouc, picts, amb otbct Cable Copg, with 33racácté, or
Cruggcg,
ALSO FINISHED IN SCAGLIOIA,
The Frieze, Walls, and Niches in Saloons, Halls, Staircases, Dining-Rooms, &c.,
A R D | N M A R 31 E,
MONUMENTS, CIIIMIN E Y- PIECEs, BATHs, VASEs, SLABS,
And every other Description of Work, in the best manner, and on moderate Terms,
-
An elegant and extensive variety of the above, in
M A R B L E A N D S C A G L T O LA,
MAY BE SEEN AT THIE WORKS.
Thrown and Co. respectfully acquaint the Nobility, Gentry, Architects, and Builders,
that, besides their extensive Stock of Marble Monuments, Chimney Pieces, Raths,
Scagliola Pedestals, &c., which are always on view at their Gallery, they have formed
the most considerable Collection of Cºassic and other Ornamental Works (on a large
scale) for the decoration of Mansions, Pleasure Grounds, and Gardens, that has ever
been submitted to public taste, many of which have been collected in France, Holland,
Germany, Italy and Spain, and are both unique and matchless.
In the other department of the Collection are – Groups, Statues. Busts. Candelabra,
Vases, Tazza, &c., in almost every variety of Marble, Porphyry, Alabaster, Bronze,
Or-Molu, &c., and superb Table and Pier Slabs, in Mosaic, Granite, Porphyry,
Coloured Glass, Marble, and Scagliola; also splendid Girandoles, and an innumerable
variety of elegant and curious Ornaments, in Egyptian, Grecian, Roman, and Asiatic
art, executed in small, suited for the gallery, library, dining and drawing rooms, or
Ladies' boudoir; the whole comprising some thousand articles of Verti, which are for
sale, on very low terms, and may be viewed gratis, daily (Sundays excepted,) from
Nine to Six o'Clock.
*
#5


590 POPE'S YEARLY JOURNAL OF TRADE ADVERTISEK. i845.
W I L L I A M S & S O N ' S
IMPROVED PORTABLE COPYING MACHINE,
25, Walbrook Mansion House, London.
MP Row ED PortABLE
C ()PY in C MACHINE
WILLIAMS & SON requestfully request the attention of the Mercantile com.
munity to their Improved Portable Copying Machine. To travellers it offers peculiar
advantages, occupying little space, its dimensions being no more than 13 inches by 3,
and yet combining alſ the usefulness of the large Machines.
To the literary community especially, and, in fact, to all who are desirous of pre-
serving copies of their i.I. this machine, from its simplicity in operation
and cheapness (its price being less than one quarter the expense of the machines hitherto
in use), particularly recommends itself.
Price, furnished with every requisite for its use, One Guinea.
For the Use of Merchants, Sugar Refiners, Wholesale Grocers, &c. &c.
In 8vo., price 21s. bound.
HOUGHTON'S MERCANTILE TABLES
Fort ExPEDITIOUSLY ASCERTAINING THE VALUE OF GOODs,
Bought or Sold by the Hundred-weight, at any price from One Farthing to Twenty
Pounds per Hundred-weight; or by the Ton, from One Shilling to Four Hundred
Pounds per Ton; each Table extending from 1 lb. to 112 lbs., and from 1 cwt. to
4,000 cwt. Also, a Table for Reducing the Long to the Common Hundred-weight.
To which are added Discount and Commission Tables, from One Shilling to a Thousand
Pounds, at Progressive Rates from One-Eighth to Fifty per Cent.
Carefully Revised by J. ASPIN, Accountant, formerly Actuary of the Finsbury
Savings' Bank.
London : Published by R. MACDoNALD, 30, Great Sutton Street; and SIMPK1N and
MARSHALL, Stationers' Hall Court.
EASE AND COMFORT FOR THE FEET, ETC,
H A L L & C O.,
WELLINGTON STREET, STRAND, LONDON,
Sole Patentees of the Pannws-Corium, or Leather Cloth Boots and Shoes.
These articles have borne the test and received the approbation of all who have worn
them. Such as are troubled with corns, bunions, gout, or tenderness of feet from any
other cause, will find them the most soft and comfortable ever invented. Also the Patént
India Rubber Goloshes are light, durable, and perfectly waterproof.
HALL and Co.'s Portable Waterproof Dresses claim the attention of all who are
exposed to the wet, Ladies' Cardinal Cloaks with Hoods, 18s. ; Gentlemen's Cape,
Overalls, and Hood, 21s. The whole can be carried with convenience in the pocket,
H. and Co. invite attention to their Elastic Boots, which supersede lacing or but-
toning, and are a decided support to the ankle. - -


1845.] POPE'S YEAR.I.Y JOURNAL OF TRADE ADVERTISER. 595
B E R K E L EY STREET MILL S,
BIRMINGHAM.
TH0 MAS H. CARP ENTER X, CO,
IRON AND STEEL WIRE, AND WOOD SCREW
MANUFACTURERS,
WEAVING, FENCING, SPRING, HALF ROUND, OVAL,
AND SQUARE WIRE,
IRON, COPPER, & BRASS WOOD-SCREWS; STOVE & GRATE SCREws,
Tinned Rivets, Bent Pins, &c.
LoNDoN AG ENT,
MR. GEO. CHIDLEY, 31, ELY PLACE, HOLBORN.
THOMAS STAR KEY AND CO.
PERCUSSION CAP AND BUTION MANUFACTURERs,
13, WEAMAN STREET, BIRMINGHAM,
PATENTEES OF THIE
Central Fire Water-proof Safety Percussion Gun Caps,
Which embrace all that is necessary to ensure the wants of the Sportsman, viz.
warranted Certainty of Fire, Small Report, perfectly Water-proof, will not fly in pieces;
and if the Caps are required to be removed from the Cone or Nipple, no danger is
thereby incurred, as no portion of the Detonating powder can adhere to the Cone or
Nipple, which is frequently the case with the ordinary Caps.
ALSO,
STARKEY'S BEST ANTICORROSIVE PERCUSSION CAPS,
Extra thick Copper, with ground , Edges; and IMproved ELAstic Clotii Gu N
WADDING, with chemically prepared Edges,
-
To be had of all respectable Gun Makers in the United Kingdom.
Manufacturers to the Hon. Board of Ordnance, and to the Hon. East India Company.
2 Q 2


598 POPE'S YEARLY JOURNAL OF TRADE ADVERTISER. 11845.
SHEFFIELD WORKs,
170, IS LINGTON, BIRMINGHAM.
F, JENKinson AND CD.
Manufacturers of all kinds of Steel and Bronze
STOVE GRATES AND FENDERS,
ORMOLU MOUNTED, &c. &c.
Sole MANU FAct URERs of the PATENT PERFORATED, RADIATING VASE STovEs,
on the most improved Principles.
THOMAS FAR MER,
PATENTEE AND MANUFACTURER OF PATENT INLAID
PAPIER MACHE,
An
J A PAN N E D GOODS,
11 AND 12, SUMMER LANE, BIRMINGHAM.
N. B. Every description of Japanned Articles suitable for the home and foreign Trade.
BRASS AND I R J N BE DST EADS,
MERCHANTS and BUYERS generally are respectfully requested, previously to
ordering, to examine those manufactured by
PEYION AND HARLOW, BDRDESEY WORKS, BIRMINGHAM;
Which, on inspection and trial, will be found handsomer, stronger, cheaper, and more
convenient than any others.
N. B. These Bedsteads are manufactured throughout with the circular dove-tail Joints
and Pillars, in accordance with Peyton and Harlow's Patent; and will be found supe-
rior, in all respects, to those recently introduced by other makers, in imitation of them.
BAck of 17, weAMAN-streET, BIRMINGHAM,
WILLIAM JAGKS 0N,
(SUCCESSOR TO SHIPLEY)
MANU FACTURER of TINMEN’S, BIRAZIERS', PLATERS’, SILVER-
SMITHS', and SPOON-MAKERS' TOOLS.
All kinds of BRig IIT HAMMERs, SIIEARS, SNI Ps, TINMENs’ ToI.LERs, &c. &c.
of THE BEST QuALITY.
T. GABRIEL,
99, COLESHILL STREET, BIRMINGHAM,
MANUFACTURER OF
PATENT AND IMPROVED MANGLES,
INVALIDS' BATH and MERLIN CHAIRS; and CHILDRENS’ CARRIAGES
Bath Chairs, Bed Rests, Ileg Rests, &c., lent on hire.—Apothecaries' Graduated
Measures, Retorts, Wolfe Bottles, &c. &c.
THC MAS F, JONES,
(LATE OF THE SOHO),
MANUFACTURER OF
PATENT SPRING LEVER SNUFFERS AND CORK-SCREWS,
Key Rings, Fire Irons, Court Dress Buttons, and Fancy SteelGoods of every description.
13, CECIL STREET, NEWTOWN ROW, BIRMINGHAM.


1845,) POPE'S YEARLY JOURNAL OF TRADE ADVERTISER. 599
MAPPLE BE (; K AND LOWE
£Herciants, ºf jFactors,
* º
º
IRoN AND Erass foundERs,
6, BULL RING, AND SMITHFIELD,
B1RMINGHAM,
Respectfully invite Families and Parties about to Furnish, to an inspection of
their Stock of
FURNISHING IRONMONGERY,
CUTIºIRY,
BEST SHEFFIELD PLATED GOODS,
Stove Grates, Fenders, Fire Irons, Kitchen Ranges, Cooking Utensils,
PAPIER MACHE AND OTHER TRAYS,
ILAMIPS,
BRONZED TEA AND COFFEE URNS,
BEST METAL TEA POTS, BEST IRLOCK-TIN DISH-COVERS,
Tin and Japanned Wares, Copper Goods, Baths, and every other Itequisite and Fancy
Article in House Ironmongery.
- Depôt for
Agricultural and Horticultural Implements,
Orders for Exportation executed on the shortest notice.
BY APPOINTMENT—AGENTs to JOSEPH ROGERS AND SONS, SHEFFIELD,
CUT LERS TO HER MAJESTY.
*...* Strangers are permitted to inspect the Show Rooms.
Z A C H ARIAH PAR KES’S
PATENT DOMESTIC FLOUR MILL,
(GRINDS AND DRESSES AT ONE OPERATION.)
SIMPLIcITY of construction, compactness and durability, are united in this Mill,
which will be found to answer admirably the purposes for which it is designed,
viz.:-For the use of Private Families, who wish to secnre pure bread, persons
residing at a distance from a Grist Mill, and especially for Emigrants. A man can
grind and dress, at one operation, a peck and a half in the hour; two men, three pecks
in the hour. Two qualities of Flour are produced, from which the Sharps and Bran
are separated, each portion falling into a distinct compartment of the drawer. To the
invalid it offers the facility of making, in its greatest purity, the Medicated Bread, so
highly recommended by the Faculty. Dut
SEE IT IN OPERATION
ZACHARIAH & RICHARD PARKES'S
OLD ESTABLISHEI)
Steel Mill Manufactory,
18, DIGIBETH-STREET, BIRMINGHAM.
The attention of Grocers is called to their newly invented Portable Frame Mills,
adapted for either the floor or counter. Post Mills in great variety for the use of
Brewers, Maltsters, Farmers, Druggists, &c.—N. B. NO CAST IRON MILLS SOLD.
*...* Letters of inquiry will receive prompt answers.


1845.] POPE'S YEARLY JOURNAL OF TRADE AD VERTISEIR. 611
DEAN's IMPROVED THRASHING MACHINES,
. Price —Two horse power, #16: four horse power, 622; Six horse power, 6.30 ; manufactured in a very
superior manner, with the ribs and rings of the concaves entirely of wrought iron, and exceedingly compact
and suitable for exportation. At the same meeting,
DEAN'S IMPROVED HAND THRASHING MACHINES were highly recommended by the Judges,
as possessing great capability, working remarkably easy, and well adapted for small farmers. Price, £12.
DEAN'S IRON CHAFF CUTTER, No. 1, price, £5. This machine does its work in a superior manner,
and being of very substantial make, is not liable to get out of order.
CHAFF CUT I'ER, No. 2, for horse, cattle, or steam power, price, £8 10s
At the meeting of the Evesham Agricultural Society, October 2, 1844, the prize for Chaff Cutters was
awarded to Dean's Iron Chaff Cutter, No. 1, “on account of its simplicity of construction.”
DEAN's PORTABLE CIRCULAR SAW Mill,
With Parallel Rising Bench, for morticing, boring, &c. This mill is exceedingly substantial and compact,
and with a portable horse or steam engine it may be worked in plantations or else where, and is calculated
to facilitate the clearing of heavy timber. The improved rising bench, for morticing or boring, will effect
a considerable saving of labour in preparing posts and rails for fencing; and its general applicability to
various descriptions of sawing, boring, morticing, &c., render it of great value on farms and estaſes where
timber is abundant, and a useful and economical machine for wheelwrights, carpenters, builders, emi-
grants, &c. These mills are made to any size and power required, and with self acting motions to feed
themselves when used for sawing long timber. Prices, in iron frame, 8 feet long (adapted for the colonies),
or in strong oak frame, 12 feet long, complete, with rising bench, £20 ; without the rising bench, £15.
STRONG IRON FRAMED VERTICAL SAW. MILLS, for saying deals and other timber into planks,
boards, &c., &c., manufactured to order, suitable for timber of all dimensions and to any extent of power.
DEAWS Pińiſaſiſi SIGAR WilliS,
Adapted for small estates, and to be worked by from two to eight or ten hotses or oxen Prices from £50
to £100. These mills will be found exceedingly convenient to small planters, and may be worked to great
advantage by Dean’s Small Steam Engines.
DEAN'S IMPROVED PADDY MILLS, for shelling Rice, to be worked by one or two persons, or by
horses or cattle.
DEAN'S IMPROVED HAND MACHINE for WINNOWING RICE, to separate it from the husks.
A. DEAN's DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE, with Engravings of his Steam Engines, Corn Mills, Bone
Mills, Bone Dust Mills, Pulping Mills for reducing Fruits and Roots for making Cyder or Wine, and for
Food for Cattle (for which the Royal Society's silver medal was awarded), Cake Crushers, Turnip Cutters,
Corn Crushers (which have received prizes at two agricultural meetings), may be had by post, the order
being accompanied with six stamps, to cover the expense of transmission.
NEW CANAL-STREET, BIRMINGHAM.
j j H R § 3 ;
tº A & PARASºn ºf FACTU;1&R
AND UMBRELLA FURNITURE FOUNDER,
PATENTEE OF THE IMPROVED TOP TIP, 70P HDTCH & STRETCHER,
No. 6, NEW HALL STREET:
WHOLESALE AND RETAIL UMBRELLA ESTABLISHMENT
37, UNION STREET,
3 iſ ſº º ji ºf G ºf £A ºn


612 POPE'S YEARLY JOURNAL OF TRADE ADVERTISER. [1845.
TO MERCHANTS, SHIPPERS, AND OTHERS,
s, ſº
No. 10, RussBLL STREET, St. MARY's square,
BIRMINGHAM,
MANUFACTURER 0F ENGLISH AND FOREIGN
survey orts' M. E. A su Rz N G T Arras,
In Patent Leather, Brass, Asses’ Skin, (for Memoranda,)
PAPIER MACHE, AND TIN CASES,
J. B. particularly recommends his improved
TAPE FOR RAILWAY SURVEYINc,
Also Manufacturer of
L AND C H A IN S.
MANUFACTURER OF EveRY DESCRIPTION OF TAPES SUITABLE FOR LADIEs’ AND
GENTLEMENs’ USE.
J. B. respectfully calls the attention of his friends to the greatly reduced price of the
Tºº Sºść ŠišićA$ºšf& ‘RAIP38&o
TAILORS, TAPES IN EVERY WARIETY,
M EA S U R ING TAPES WARRANTED CO R. R. E.C.T.








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