G917.292 M625U THE LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS G917.292. M£>25j For further particulars apply to The Royal Mail Steam Packet Company Passenger Dept. 21-24 State Street New York THE LIBRARY THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS Jamaica Tourist and Motor GUIDE A Complete Guide to the Island of Jamaica, with Maps showing Motor Routes, Illustrations, History, Points of Interest, Description of Towns, Hotels, Methods of Travel Etc. Edited by I. P. MILLS Published by AINSLIE AND GRABOW PRESS Boston and Swampscott Massachusetts U. S. A. Copyrighted 1908 by Ainslie and Grabow Company Boston, U. S. A. THE LIBRARY THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS PREFACE In compiling this Guide Book care has been exercised to give the tourist full and accurate information concerning the Island of Jamaica. The most frequented tours by motor, buggy, train and coastal steamers have been enumerated, the principal towns described in brief and the different hotels have received some mention. The Editor is indebted to Miss L. McAllister, Mr. Frank Preston and Mr. A. Roy Camp for assistance in compilation. The illustrations have been made from photographs taken by Dr. James Johnston, Mr. Duperley and Mr. Potter. Many sources of information have been drawn upon, but principally Stark's History and Guide Book, Government Handbook of Jamaica, pamphlets issued by the Imperial Department of Agriculture, and the valuable books issued by the United Fruit Company, Hamburg-American Line and the Royal Mail Steam Packet Company. December 1, 1908. "The Editor." en ? 6ild20 OEC »F' The United States Cruiser " Des Moines' At Anchor in West Harbor, Port Antonio Hotel Titchfield in the Background A.J,' no rwfrs THE LIBRARY THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS Jamaica Tourist and Motor Guide USEFUL INFORMATION How to Reach Jamaica, Steamship Lines, Distances Time of Voyage, Etc. Never in the history of the world has the individuality of the tropical zone stood out in such bold relief as at the present time. During the past eight years events of moment have followed in rapid succession, and the annexation of Porto Rico to the United States, the freedom of Cuba and the present construction of the Panama Canal have been wonderfully instrumental in attracting the attention of the American people to their southern neighbors, and awakening an interest in the commerce and general beauty of the West Indies. No countries in the world have greater inducements to offer travelers during the winter than the Islands lying in and about the Caribbean Sea, and winter cruises are yearly becoming more and more popular. Hamburg=American Line Among the best facilities afforded the pleasure seeker on an ocean voyage are those offered by the Hamburg-American Line, which maintains a regular line of steamships between New York and Jamaica. To its regular Jamaica service, the Hamburg-American Line devotes, besides a number of other well known ships on its long list, the four "Prinz" steamers, built especially for passenger service in the tropics. The "Prinz" boats are great favorites with their patrons, as in all features of their equip- ment they equal the trans-Atlantic vessels of this great Company which ranks 11 and cany orchestras. Suites are available with bedroom, sitting room and bath. The staterooms, large and airy and fitted with wide portholes, are especially designed for tropic cruising. They have every other convenience -which modern science can invent. On the Royal Mail Company's ships the captains take a personal interest in the welfare and comfort of the voyager and so great is their courtesy and solicitude that the wayfarer is made to feel almost that he is not on board a steamship but on his own yacht. The course from New York is due South into and through the warm -waters of the Gulf Stream Three days of sailing through pleasant seas, and -with a steadily rising thermometer, brings the voyager to the Bahamas, that great fringe of coral islands extending more than 1,200 miles southeasterly from the coast of Florida. Passing through the Bahamas, it is but a short distance to the island of Cuba. Cape Maysi lighthouse and the forest-clad and cloud-capped mountains of Santiago Province, show prominently as the ship turns sharply around the eastern end of the island and heads southwesterly towards Jamaica. The Company also have winter cruises extending from twelve days to two months through the West Indies, and other windward and leeward islands. Splendidly equipped ships with every twentieth century requirement are used on these cruises, and the service is fully equal to the best trans-Atlantic steamers. Stops are made at Jamaica, Cuba, Porte Rico, Panama, and at Central and South America ports. At Venezuela a brief stop is made at La Guayra, and at Trinidad tourists can disembark at Port of Spain, and have ample time to visit the Government Botanical Gardens and picturesque waterfalls in the adjacent mountains. Pitch Lake, a wonderful deposit of natural asphalt, is the most distinctive feature of the Island, and as it is accessible from the Port, tourists can easily visit this natural curiosity. Gren- ada, which is a small fac-simile of Jamaica, and St. Lucia, with its sulphur baths of Souffreire which flourished in the time of Louis XVI, when St. Lucia was a French possession, are among the unique points of interest on the way. The Barbadoes, Montserrat, Antigua, Nevis and St. Kitts have their own distinctive charms. A tinge of romance still hovers about Nevis and St. Kitts, which figured so brilliantly in the life of the colonial days in the early part of the nineteenth century, when Nevis had the most splendid resort hotel in the entire world. The ruins of this great hostelry can still be seen at Charlestown, the principal seaport town. United Fruit Company To the United Fruit Company belongs the distinction of first making popular the winter trip between the northern cities of the United States and Jamaica — a trip which every season increases in extent of territory covered and in popularity with the best people from all parts of the country. For years the "Four Admirals" have carried full lists of enthusiastic tourists from Boston, New York, and Philadelphia, landing their passengers after a delightful trip of four and a half days, on the pier directly in front of the Hotel Titchfield at Port Antonio. These staunch and comfortable ships of 12 the famous "Great White Fleet" are still favorite means of transportation with many tourists, who every winter pass a pleasant holiday among the tropical charms of the West Indies. Unique in its opportunities for enjoying the varied coast scenery of the Caribbean Sea is the Boston and Limon Service of the United Fruit Company, whereby tourists after a fine trip by either of the three ships, "San Jose," "Limon," and "Esparta," landing at Limon, may make thence a variety of on-shore excursions, and then continue by water to Jamaica and the neighbor- ing islands by any of the numerous routes offered every winter to the traveling public in tropic lands. The latest innovation of this Company is the putting into commission of three new and magnificently appointed ships, which make weekly trips between New Orleans and Colon. This route will be especially appreciated by tourists from the inland cities of the great West and from the Pacific Coast, who can travel overland to New Orleans, and thence by a most enjoy- able trip through the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea, arrive at the wonders of the world-famous Canal Zone. After enjoying a more or less extended series of sightseeing jaunts about the mainland visitors may return to the States by a charming water route, taking in on their way Jamaica, Cuba, the neighboring islands, Florida, and the interesting cities of the Atlantic seaboard. The three sister ships, "Cartago," "Parismina" and "Heredia" are of 5,000 tons gross each, the dimensions being as follows: length 392 feet, breadth 45 feet, depth 32 feet, and draft 23 feet. They are a new type of ship built especially for the United Fruit Company's service to handle pas- sengers, fruit under refrigeration and cargo, and are the best equipped ships running between ports of the United States and Central America. The "Cartago" is named after the ancient capital of Costa Rica. The "Heredia" is named after the city of Heredia, located near San Jos6, the present capital of Costa Rica, and the "Parismina" takes its name from the river Parismina, in the same country, emptying into the Caribbean Sea. These ships possess many distinguishing features which make them peculiarly adapted for the special service in which they are engaged: and attention is particularly called to the refrigerating plant by means of which not only is fruit and other cargo of a perishable nature carried in an artificially cooled atmosphere, which greatly contributes to the safety of its transportation, but the private suites, staterooms, social room, dining saloon and smoking-room are also artificially cooled, the temperature being regulated to suit the taste of passengers by means of devices which supply a current of cold air until a satisfactory tem- perature is attained, when the current can be stopped. The ships are also equipped with steam heat so that an agreeable temperature can be main- tained, no matter what the natural conditions may be. The windows and doors have inside shutters and are also supplied with screens, a feature no«fc usually met with on steamers, and which will be appreciated by passengejets, especially in the tropics. a These ships can carry 5,000 tons of cargo and make a speed of abc^it 15 Automobiles, accompanied by their owners or chauffeurs, will be carried (at owner's risk, loading, unloading, and en route) between New York and Kingston, Jamaica, at $25.00 each, when weighing 2,000 pounds or less, with 50 cents per 100 pounds additional for any excess over 2,000 pounds; loading and unloading at owner's expense. On most of the Royal Mail Steam Packet Co.'s steamships a limited number of automobiles can be carried on deck, uncrated, at owner's risk. Those shipped below decks must, in all cases, be crated. Gasolene cannot be carried on passenger steamers, but can be procured at Port Antonio and Kingston, Jamaica, at reasonable rates. Dogs and Birds. — Dogs and birds are charged for at the rate of $5 each dog and $2 each bird. Dogs and birds not allowed in cabin. Bicycles. — Bicycles will be carried at owner's risk, free, but must be crated. Articles Wanted During Voyage. — Articles wanted during voyage should be put in a valise or steamer trunk. Access to "Wanted" Baggage stowed in the hold can be had on application to the Chief Officer. Goods of a Dangerous Nature must not be carried by passengers. Passengers Breaking Voyage should label their baggage for the first port of landing, and re-label before re-embarkation. Passengers' Names in Full should be painted on their boxes as a matter of precaution. Merchandise must not be shipped as baggage, but as freight, for which Bills of Lading should be obtained. Passengers' Valuables on Board. — Passengers are warned to look after all small baggage in their cabins, especially while in port, when strangers are on board. Twenty Cubic Feet measurement of baggage is allowed free to each adult first cabin passenger; 15 cubic feet to each adult second-class passenger; and 10 cubic feet to each adult steerage passenger; children and servants in proportion; in consideration of which it is agreed that the Company shall not be liable beyond the amount of $100, for loss of, injury to, or delay in delivery of baggage or personal effects of the passenger, unless the value in excess of said sum be declared, and freight at current rate be paid and a Bill of Lading or receipt signed therefor. Baggage in Excess of these allowances is rated at 25 cents per cubic foot to West Indies, etc., and vice versa. Securing Staterooms. — A deposit from each passenger is required in order to engage accommodation, and the full amount of passage money must be paid at least one week before sailing. In making reservations full name, and address should be given stating whether for "Mr.," "Mrs." or "Miss." Passengers not proceeding after taking their passage forfeit part of the passage-money, but should the detention be unavoidable, the passage may be transferred to a later steamship. Bookings may be made one, two, 21 n the high parts of the parish of Portland. So wonderfully green and luxu- riant is the growth on every side that one wonders when all these trees and shrubs find a resting time. The change of leafage is so gradual in most sases that it is said to be absolutely unnoticed. One hears much of the fine roads of the island but not too much, as their condition is always a surprise to the visitor Splendid stretches of smooth surface running around a cliff here and over a ridge there are often protected along the shore by some precipice or by a well-built wall. Women do much of the work on the roads and are frequently seen sitting by the roadside, breaking stone. Owing to the mountainous nature of the island and to the fact that climatic conditions vary with the differing altitudes pne part of Jamaica is best suited for certain agricultural pursuits, while a totally different one is adapted to some other locality. Each large tract of land has its own char- acteristics. The cane fields in their brilliant emerald green, the grazing pens in the hills with their cleared land for pasturage, and the golden orange groves of Manchester, offer a variety of scenery of never-failing interest to the traveler. A glance at the following figures relating to the area of different elevations will show why the island of Jamaica possesses its variation in climate and is so well adapted to the production of many different crops. Total areas in square miles 4207 Area below 1000 feet 2217 1000 feet to 2000 feet 1452 2000" "3000" 400 3000" "4000" 74 4000" "5000" 39 5000 " and upwards 24 There are various geological foundations. In the County of Surrey, for instance, the coast is of limestone, while in the high interior part there are extensive mineral deposits. Iron, copper, lead, manganese, and marble have been found here. In Middlesex County, in the district of Vere, there is an extensive alluvium flat of about 130 miles, while in Clarendon there are mineral deposits of undoubted value, and mining operations are now being carried on. The. County of Cornwall is mainly of alluvial lands and white and yellow limestone. RIVERS. With a few exceptions nearly all the rivers of Jamaica run north or south, owing to the high land of the central part of the country. Plaintain Garden River in St. Thomas does not follow this rule, as it suddenly changes its southerly course and runs in an easterly direction. The Montego River at the other end of the island is another exception, flowing north at first and then taking a westerly course The Rio Grande is perhaps the grandest river of all, and with its tributaries, Back and Stony Rivers contributes many beautiful waterfalls. In St. Andrew, the Hope River affords part of Bamboo Trees on Mandeville Road the water supply for the City of Kingston, while the Rio Cobre is used as a source of power for the electric roads of the city, as well as for irrigation of the surrounding plains. The Bog Walk Gorge through which the latter river flows is famous for its wild and lovely scenery. The White River between the parishes of St. Mary and St. Ann possesses fine cascades and waterfalls, while in St. Ann's the great volume of water in both Roaring River and Llandovery River form beautiful waterfalls, that of Roaring River in particular being famous and of easy access. DEPENDENCIES OF JAMAICA. Turks and Caicos Islands, the most southeastern of the Bahamas, are dependencies of Jamaica, being governed by a Commissioner and other officers, under the general supervision of the Governor of Jamaica. This also applies to the Cayman Islands, which lie about one hundred and fifty miles northwest of Jamaica. Turks Island, as every one knows, produces great quantities of salt, and the sea about the small cays of the Caicos group contains extensive fields of sponges, which are collected, dried and sent to New York. The conch in which is found the costly pink pearl is sometimes found here. Grand Cayman, Little Cayman, and Cayman Brae were named by Columbus, Las Fortugas, because of the great number of turtles which abound. Grand Cayman produces a good deal of timber, mahogany, cedar, some dye woods, 25 Sports and Recreations The visitor to Jamaica finds ample opportunity for out-of-door life and country sports, and one may indulge his own particular fancy along these lines. Bathing.— One of the most delightful experiences of a winter's stay is sea-bathing. At various places on the Island this sport may be enjoyed, perhaps the best known being at Port Antonio and at Montego Bay. At the former place the bath houses are built on a coral reef in the middle of the harbor, seemingly floating on the sea itself. One goes in a launch or boat from the hotel to the well appointed bath houses, where at the favorite hour, four or five o'clock in the afternoon, there is always a happy party, both of bathers and lookers on. Native attendants are in waiting, and tea is served every afternoon in the attractive and unique tea-house. The "Doctor's Cave" at Montego Bay is another famous bathing place, a great overhanging rock, with its fringe of cocoanut palms making a tropical setting for the strip of white sandy beach. The temperature of the water is about 80° F at both places. Cricket.— This old English game is popular all over the Island and clubs exist from one end of it to the other. All classes are interested in the game, and a cricket match may be found in progress almost any day in the towns of any size The Kingston Cricket Club is the leading club on the Island, having existed many years, and possessing a large membership. Many famous players have visited the Island and teams from the West Indies (including members from Jamaica) have visited England. Yachting is much in vogue in Kingston, the Royal Jamaica Yacht Club having a large membership and being one of the chief social organiza- tions of the city. A yacht race in Kingston's fine harbor is an inspiring sight and tourists are always interested in watching the regattas which are 27 are again taken for Port Antonio. Although the native boatmen are careful, one is apt to be more or less spattered by the water, and it is wise to dress accordingly. The trip may be arranged at the Information Bureau of the Hotel Titchfield. Archery and Target Shooting.— Numerous clubs for both archery and rifle shooting exist, particularly about Kingston. Pony Polo — Matches are frequently played at Kingston, Mandeville, Montego Bay, and Port Maria, in all of which places there are clubs. Other Sports.— Alligator shooting is found at Holland Bay, at Milk River, and Alligator Pond. At Milk River, particularly, there is excellent fishing, mullet and snappers affording good sport. Tennis.— There are many good courts and much interest is manifested in this sport. In the country parts, every Saturday brings its tournament, and so great is the devotion to the game that frequently whole families drive long distances There are good courts near the vicinity of practically all the hotels, and the tourist frequently has opportunities to play on some of the private courts as well as on those available to his own hotel. Golf is played in various parts of the Island, the St. Andrew's Club at Kingston being the principal one. A new course is being made in the recently acquired Athletic Park at Port Antonio. Riding.— Good saddle horses are to be obtained in most parts of the Island, and many charming but otherwise inaccessible localities can be visited Rafting on the Rio Grande Bath and Tea Houses in the Ocean, Port Antonio in this way The early morning is the best time for this exercise, as the beauty of a tropical morning can be appreciated nowhere better than while in the saddle, from some of the many lofty points of view. Racing.— Races are run at various times during the season, those at Knutsford Park in Kingston at Christmas and Easter being especially inter esting. The Snow Hill track at Port Antonio is also often used for this sport. Capt. Slocum's Famous Yacht "Spray" in Port Antonio Harbor 34 Banana Plantation Products Jamaica is an agricultural country. In fact, even the Arawaks practise husbandry in a crude way. To-day the principal revenue of th e Island ii derived from the soil. Returns from the Revenue Department for the year ending 1906 show 816,811 acres under care and cultivation. Of this 570,836 acres are devoted to grazing, and 246,873 acres are under cultivation. The area under cultivation in 1906 was: Cocoanuts, 10,318; Bananas, 59,958; Canes, 26,338; Coffee, 27,765; Ginger, 259; Arrowroot, 29; Corn, 191; Cotton, 480; Tobacco, 257; Cacao, 6,021; Vegetables, 44; Ground Pro- vision, 113,029; Guinea Grass, 125,687; Common Pasture, 339,184; Pasture and Pimento, 105,967. Total acres under cultivation, 817,211. Average of wood and ruinate in the various parishes: Kingston, Port Royal, ;St. Andrew, 62,277; St. Thomas, 93,089; Portland, 89,385; St. Mary, 42,518; St. Ann, 108,974; Trelawny, 86,490; St. James, 79,178; Hanover, 45,694; Westmoreland, 96,436; St. Elizabeth, 147,485: Manchester, 83,817; Clarendon, 177,959; St. Catherine, 148,595. Total, 1,261,900. The five parishes having the greatest number of acres under care and cultivation are: St. Ann, 110,136; Westmoreland, 89,909; St. Elizabeth, 84,757; St. Mary, 83,440; St. Catherine, 80,095. The largest sugar estates on the Island are located in Clarendon Parish Acres in cane are: Amity Hall, 473; Bog, 450; Denbigh, 500; Hillside-Ray- mond, 591; Money Musk, 1,076; Morelands, 450. In St. Ann: Llandovery, 409; Richmond, 400. In Westmoreland: Belleisle, 450; Masemore, 550. In St. Catherine: Caymanas, 517; Cherry Garden, 400. After the crushing of cane in the sugar mills, that part of the resultant syrup that does not crystallize is molasses. This becomes rum after fer- mentation, and of this product 1,130,000 gallons were exported the year ending April 1, 1906. The largest coffee plantations are the Lomax and Somerset in Manchester, with 102 acres under cultivation, and Whitney, in Clarendon, belonging to Lord Dudley with 200 acres under cultivation The largest banana plantation is Rodons in St. Catherine, containing 1192 acres. Irrigation makes the country in the vicinity of Kingston especially productive. Picturesque Native Huts The most famous grazing pen on the Island is at Montpelier. It is owned by Hon. Evelyn Ellis, and contains about 7000 acres. On the estate between 1500 and 2000 of the gray Mysore and Zebu East Indian cattle can be seen. Oranoes.— Next to the banana in the way of fruits, the Jamaica orange is coming into great favor. It is grown largely in the parish of Manchester, and is now shipped extensively to other countries. The Jamaica orange has Cutting Bananas Pineapple Plantation often a green rind when perfectly ripe, and therefore appears to be unripe. But it is in reality sweet and delicious. The tangerine orange grown in Jamaica is of large size and fine flavor, and the King orange of a peculiarly rough exterior, is rich and juicy. Grape Fruit.— A fine grade of this popular fruit is raised in the same localities as the orange. It is not so large in size as the grape fruit grown in more northerly climates, but is of a peculiarly good texture and less bitter. Cocoa Harvest 41 The Holidays as prescribed at Public Offices and at Colonial Bank are New Years Day, January first, Ash Wednesday, Good Friday, Easter Monday, Whit Monday, King's Birthday, Christmas Day, the day after. The following table of precedence in Jamaica has been approved of by His Majesty the King. 1. The Governor, or Office administering the Government. 2. The senior officer in command of the troops, if of the rank of General, and the officer in command of His Majesty's Naval Forces on the station, if of the rank of Admiral, their own relative rank being determined by the King's Regulation on that subject. 3 The Chief Justice. 4. The senior officer in command of the troops, if of the rank of a Colonel or Lieutenant Colonel, and the officer in command of His Majesty's Naval Forces on the station, if of equivalent rank, their own relative rank being determined by the King's Regulation on the subject. 5. Members of the Privy Council. 6 The Commissioner of Turks Island. 7. The Commissioner of the Cayman Islands. 8. Puisne Judges. 9. Members of the Legislative Council. 10. Custodes of Parishes. 11. Collector General. 12. Treasurer 13. Auditor General. 14. Solicitor General. 15. The Superintending Medical Officer. 16. The Superintending Inspector of Schools. 17. Inspector General of Police and Inspector of Prisons. Each of the fourteen parishes of Jamaica has a Parochial Board consisting of the person representing the Electoral District in the Legislative Council, the Custos of the parish and from thirteen to eighteen persons elected by the tax payers who are qualified to vote at elections for members of the Legis- lative Council. These Boards manage all the local affairs of their various parishes. The roads of Jamaica are taken care of by the appointee of the various parochial boards. The Government maintains the Botanic Gardens, Castleton, Hill Gardens in the Blue Mountains, Hope Garden (King's House), six miles from Kingston, Kingston Parade Garden, Botanic Garden at Bath, and King's .House Garden and grounds four miles from Kingston. A Jamaica Residence are an interesting people and always attract the attention of strangers. Many of the men are of striking appearance, quite regal, indeed, in their simple dignity of expression and carriage. Both women and men work faithfully and for longer hours than the native laborers and their services are much valued on the great plantations. A curious custom among the coolies is that of turning their money into silver ornaments, with which, in the way of bracelets, anklets, and earrings, they adorn themselves, either for love of finery or because that is the safest way to secure their treasure. The coolies have their own picturesque little houses of worship, keeping to their own peculiar religious rites, and they do not intermarry with other people on the Island. Visitors to Jamaica are usually interested in the little colony of people known as the Maroons. Their story is one of the most unique pages in the his- tory of this beautiful Island, which in the days of past centuries witnessed so many tragedies and so many scenes of romance. The Maroons retain many of the ancient traditions and the curious customs of their ancestors, who are generally considered to have been the African slaves imported by the Spaniards at the time of their supremacy in Jamaica, with perhaps an admixture of the native Indians of the vicinity. At Moore Town the small remnant of these people have their exclusive little community where they have lived for many years exempt from the usual obligations of citizenship. During the early period of British possession in Jamaica there was a season of severe warfare between the English and the Maroons, who deserted and left to their fate by their Spanish masters, took refuge among the mountains and repulsed all efforts to conquer them. When the British finally subdued these brave and warlike people a treaty was made which gave to them ex- emption in certain matters of general law and assigned to them reservations in several places. Their descendants still live in their own territory and do not mingle with other natives. Taken as a composite whole the people are not the least of the attrac- tions which meet the northern tourist on his round of sight seeing in Jamaica, and make him realize that he is in a foreign land. Those who enjoy hearing the English language at its best are greatly pleased with the speech of the majority of residents with whom the stranger comes in contact. There is a subtle charm in the gently modulated speech of the natives and the correct- ness with which they speak the common mother tongue of the British Empire and the States often comes in the light of a pleasant surprise to visitors. 46 supervision and the income from stall rents is applied to the reduction of the principal advanced by the Government, or it may be further expended in the care of the property and for the general benefit of the town. Kings- ton, Port Antonio, Mandeville, Brownstown, and the leading towns of each Parish, have well equipped markets. The Lighthouses of Jamaica are under the care and management of the Director of Public Works. The lighthouse on Plumb Point, which marks the entrance to Kingston Harbor, stands on the Palisadoes, and rises to a height of seventy feet. It casts a white light, and in fair weather can be seer for a distance of twenty-one miles. Other lighthouses off shore are the Folly Point at Port Antonio, Negril light on the west coast, and the light- house on Morant Point on the extreme east end of the Island, which was erected in 1842, by Mr. George Grove, C.E. of London, who later in life be- came Sir George Grove, Mua. Doc. The schools of Jamaica are conducted by a Commission organized to 'promote the higher education of the country, and to exercise a general super- vision over the endowments which have been made in the cause of education by private individuals. The schools are classified as elementary and second- ary, all high schools and colleges being embraced in the latter class. Among the secondary schools are those of the Mico Training College in Kingston, which is similar in scope to the normal school of the United States, and a training school for girls at Shortwood in St. Andrew. There are also several private schools and colleges, besides church schools and a theological college. The Government provides an annual scholarship for any successful candidate in the Cambridge Senior Local Examinations, which are held each year in Kingston, and the Cecil Rhodes Scholarship of £300 for three years at Oxford, is also open to Jamaica students. Since 1868, the Government has maintained an efficient medical service under a superintending officer. There are thirty-four medical districts under the charge of a physician who cares for his specific district. Public general hospitals are maintained in the principal towns, and are open to all persons requiring hospital treatment. Dispensaries are connected with all institutions. In addition to the Church of England, which was established in Jamaica in 1662, practically all of the churches of the present day are represented in Jamaica. The Salvation Army supports eighty-four stations in Jamaica, and the usual homes and refuges for the needy. The system of irrigation is an important branch of the Public Works instituted by the Government, and both the Rio Cobre and Vere Canals are doing much to promote the output of native products. In addition to furnishing Spanish Town with its water supply and pro- viding the Kingston Street Railway with electric power, the Rio Cobre waters upwards of 20,000 acres of fruit land. The banana yield in this section has greatly increased under irrigation. The Vere Canal in the Parish of Claren- don supplies water to the richest cane estates in Jamaica, and the prediction that Vere "only awaits a central factory and irrigation to once more make it the richest part of Jamaica," is being literally fulfilled. 49 the duty of looking into their systematic cultivation. Results have proved the value of his advice and caused the Captain to be styled "a missionary for agriculture, for commerce, for a country's well-being." Building continually and with ever increasing enterprise upon the foundation so well laid, the United Fruit Company is to-day, under the direction of Mr. Andrew W. Preston, its President, one of the most successful and important commer- cial institutions in the world. The interest always felt by the Mother Country in forwarding Colonial affairs, reached a most practical demonstration in the establishment, early in the year 1901, by Elder, Dempster & Co., of the great steamship line, known as the Imperial Direct West India Mail Service. By means of the fine ships of this line, fitted up in addition to their passenger accommodations, with first-class facilities for the speedy and safe transportation of fruits and vegetables, Jamaica is enabled to market her products in England, to the inestimable benefit of both producers and consumers. To Sir Alfred L. Jones, K.C.M.G., head of the firm of Elder, Dempster & Co., "Prince of Ocean Commerce," the people of Jamaica are indebted for the untiring de- votion with which he has accomplished the enormous increase in value of the Island's yearly exports. Among the firms engaged in Jamaica's immense Fruit Traffic must be included the now well established Atlantic Fruit Company, with a fleet of fruit vessels running between the Company's American headquarters in Balti- more and Port Antonio. JAMAICA CONSOLIDATED COPPER CO. Although the mineral resources of the Island have heretofore hardly been considered among the reliable assets of the colony, ever since their first discovery fifty years ago, there have been mines in the southern section of the Parish of Clarendon awaiting development, and it has remained for the Jamaica Consolidated Copper Company to bring the mining industry into prominence at the present day. Since the formation of this Corporation in 1906, the copper mines of Clarendon have been worked diligently, rich veins have been uncovered, and the property, which embraces a territory of two thousand two hundred and seventy-six acres of mineral bearing ground, has passed to a group of Boston capitalists, under the superintendence of W. S. Baker, a mining expert. Mr. James Hunter MacNish, who was for many years a resident of Kingston, and closely identified with the business interests of Jamaica, is the Fiscal Agent for the Company on the Island. The success which has already attended this enterprise has proven that Jamaica possesses a good share of intrinsic mineral wealth. In a Government report, Jas. G. Sawkins, F.G.S., says: "The geology of this parish (Clarendon) is perhaps more inter- esting than that of any in the Island," and adds that the Clarendon mines approach more nearly to true mineral veins than "any of the other metalli- ferous deposits in Jamaica." 50 The Company are raining entirely by the tunnelling process, and while there will be no need of expensive methods to work the mines there will be an abundance of work for native laborers. Already the Copper Company has proven its value as a business institution by the manner in which it is utilizing its vast estate for the welfare of its em- ployees. A great portion of the property is under cultivation, which besides furnishing food to the workmen is yielding a revenue to the Company and adding materially to the resources of the Island. NEWSPAPERS. Journalism has for nearly three-quarters of a century been a prominent exponent of Jamaica governmental activities and matters of interest to the people at large. The year 1834 saw the establishment of the Daily Gleaner, published by the Gleaner Company, limited, at Kingston, a large, newsy paper of sixteen pages. The Daily Telegraph is another well-known Kingston newspaper, with bright columns and a very considerable circulation. Re- cently started on what promises to be a most successful career is the wide- awake and attractively gotten-up Jamaica Guardian, of which Mr. Robert C. Guy, formerly of the Telegraph, is editor, with Mr. W Kirkpatrick as secre- tary. The Guardian's advertising and publishing offices are located at 21 Church Street, Kingston. A number of special organs of religious societies, etc., are also represented in Jamaica's list of publications. MERCHANTS AND SHOPKEEPERS. Kingston, the capital and chief business centre of Jamaica, has a most extensive and varied line of shops with goods both native and imported, which appeal to the tourist in the way of novelties. An especially attractive feature and one greatly appreciated by tourists, is the choice stock of goods suitable for wearing apparel in the tropics, and the ease and despatch with which upon selection these goods are made for immediate use. Jippi-Jappi hats, so delightfully comfortable for wear in the summer climate of Jamaica, are among the first purchases made by new arrivals. Jamaica dainties, sweetmeats, fruits, and cooling drinks are the attractive stock to be found in a number of Kingston emporiums, while photographs and an endless variety of Island curios, special design jewelry, and a bewildering assortment of souvenir cards claim the stranger's attention in other directions. Choice liquors of superior brand and purity are offered by several well-known King- ston firms. From ss complete a list of dealers as are to be found in Kingston, it is hardly possible to select any for special mention in this Guide The daily papers carry elaborate advertising columns representing all business concerns of importance in Kingston as well as some of the interior and coast towns, which all have their little shops where may be found characteristic odds and ends, making pleasant reminders of outings about the Island 51 THE WEST INDIA ELECTRIC COMPANY, (LIMITED), incorporated in 1897, operates the main system of electric cars uTJamaica. The power which is derived from the Rio Cobre near Bog Walk, is transmitted twenty-one miles to Kingston, and thence distributed to the trolley lines throughout Kingston and St. Andrew. The Company operates twenty-five miles of tracks in all and includes a complete city service besides extending into the residential suburbs THE JAMAICA ELECTRIC LIGHT AND POWER COMPANY was formed in 1889, with the central station located in Kingston. The cost of installing incandescent lights in private houses is 20s each, and in business places where the wiring can be exposed it is 12s. ICE COMPANY. An important industry in Jamaica is the manufacture of ice, and since its establishment in 1884, the Kingston Ice Making Company, Limited, has in- creased its capacity from a five ton machine to a plant capable of producing sixty tons per day. Should necessity arise ninety-five tons per day can be turned out. Price is two shillings per one hundred pounds, wholesale, or at retail one penny for three pounds TELEPHONE COMPANIES. The Jamaica Telephone Company, Limited, with offices in Kingston, operates a series of lines covering a radius of several miles, including Constant Spring, Gordon Town, Half Way Tree and other important towns, besides being installed in many private residences in St. Andrew. The United Fruit Company supports a private telephone line connecting its many offices upon the Island. CABLE COMPANIES. Cable facilities connecting Jamaica with other countries, are provided by two companies. The West India and Panama Telegraph Company has cables running to Cuba, thence to Key West in Florida, connecting with the Western Union of the Anglo-American Telegraph Companies, and to Porte Rico and the Isthmus of Panama The Direct West India Cable Company's service connects Jamaica with the United Kingdom via Turk's Island, Bermuda and Halifax. GOVERNMENT TELEGRAPHS are under the control of the Post Master for Jamaica, and excellent service is maintained throughout the Island. Charge for telegrams is one shilling for the first twenty words, and three pence for every additional five words. 52 Towns of Jamaica PORT ANTONIO.— The town of Port Antonio is the first place touched in Jamaica by the tourist sailing from the United States. It is situated on the northeastern part of the Island on the sea coast. KINGSTON is the capital of the Island of Jamaica, and the largest commercial town in the West Indies. It covers with its suburbs an area of about 1080 acres. NEWCASTLE is located in the Blue Mountains in the Parish of St. Andrew, about 3974 feet above the sea. The scenery is very beautiful. SPANISHTOWN is located on the Rio Cobre, in the Parish of St. Catherine, twelve miles from Kingston. This is the oldest town in Jamaica, and was formerly known as St. Jago de la Vega. MONEAOUE is located in the Parish of St. Ann in a delightful and attractive country. It is noted for its beautiful mountain drives. OCHO RIOS is about seven miles from St. Ann's Bay in the Parish of St. Ann. The name is Spanish and means eight rivers. ST. ANN'S BAY.— The town of St Ann's Bay is located in the Parish of St. Ann, on the north coast towards the centre. BROWNSTOWN is in the interior and is situated in the western part of the Parish of St. Ann. It is a very thriving village. FALMOUTH is situated on the North sea coast in the Parish of Tre- lawny. It is a quaint old town, and was formerly one of the most important sugar centers. MONTEGO BA Y.— The town of Montego Bay is located on the north coast in the western part of the Island in the Parish of St. James. It is the terminus of the Jamaica Government Railway. LUCE A is the only town of importance in the Parish of Hanover on the northwestern coast of the Island. It is situated on a deep circular harbor. MONTPELIER is located in the Parish of St. James on the Jamaican Government Railway, ten miles from Montego Bay. This is the home of Hon. Evelyn Ellis, and here may be seen the choice East Indian cattle. MANDEVILLE is located in the mountains of the Parish of Manchester, and one writer describes it as "a pretty English village," on a plateau 2,500 feet above the ocean, and has a climate of remarkable salubrity. BOWDEN is on the south eastern coast in the Parish of St. Thomas. Here are located warehouses of the United Fruit Company, and vast quantities of bananas are shipped from this port. Port Antonio from Across the Harbor PORT ANTONIO. Port Antonio is a most beautifully situated town on the north coast in the Parish of Portland, on a long point of land running out into the sea and surmounted by the magnificent Hotel Titchfield. This point divides the water in such a way that in reality there are two harbors, the western and the eastern. Of these the western is protected on the seaside by Baker's Island, which, with the reef running from this island to the mainland, forms a complete shelter. The entrance to west harbor is narrow but deep, and is navigable for the largest vessels. The headquarters of several Fruit Companies are at Port Antonio, and it is seldom that the harbor is without a large number of ocean going steamships. As one enters from the sea, leaving a point of land on the left hand the town lies before him. Built along the water front, its appearance is most picturesque. The buildings of varied shape huddled together, their lines broken and softened here and there by trees and vines, wharves jutting into the harbor, numerous sailing crafts, canoes and launches darting about, and on shore groups of laughing, chattering colored people all interest the traveller immediately. Abruptly from the town level the hills rise, ridge upon ridge, terminating in the lofty peaks of the Blue Mountain Range. Some of these are nearly 8000 feet high. Little houses hang in seemingly impossible places on the ridges just back of the town with now and then the fine "Great House" of some estate in a commanding position. Along the water front of the lower town runs the main business street, on which are the principal offices, shops and the markets. Other streets run at right angles to this main thoroughfare. On one of them are the Parish Church, the Post Office, Constabulary, etc. The railway station is a short distance from the centre of the town in a westerly direction. A sharp turn to the left leads one past the Waverly Hotel and the Court House, a building of considerable size, while the steep hill beyond leads to the best residential 55 part of the town. The'attractive houses, mainly of wood, nearly every one set in its own garden, surrounded by gorgeously colored crotons, blossoming rose bushes, and a variety of flowers, are shaded by strange and beautiful trees. On a lofty ridge is situated the large and fine Hotel Titchfield, overlooking both harbors as well as the town, and with splendid sea and mountain views. Going on to the end of the bluff one finds old Fort George and the old barracks, the latter converted into a school. From this point of view there is a fine out- look seaward, as well as over the eastern harbor. There is now a landing place in this harbor for passengers who wish to be taken to and from some of the ocean liners which come in here. At the entrance to East Harbor is Folly Point Lighthouse, just back of which are the extensive grounds and fine house of a winter resident from the United States. While in Port Antonio the tourist finds great pleasure in exploring the many shops of the town. Some of them are large and a variety of first class English goods is displayed by them. The Great Winter Resort Hotel at Port Antonio—The Titchfield There are beautiful drives to be taken from Port Antonio, affording a great diversity of scenery. One may go inland towards the mountains to the great banana plantation of Golden Vale and on to Mooretown, the old Maroon village. A drive along the coast to the east for six miles brings one to the picturesque Blue Hole. In the same general direction lies Park Mount, a lofty elevation over which there is a carriage road, wild and beautiful in itself, and from which unsurpassed views may be obtained. A favorite drive is down the coast in a westerly direction to St. Margaret's Bay. At Burlington a fine view of the Rio Grande is to be had. This drive may be continued as far as Hope Bay and up to the Swift River valley, in which the luxuriant tropical growth may be seen to the best advantage. The interesting rafting trip on the Rio Grande may be arranged for at Port Antonio. Port Royal KINGSTON Constant Spring Hotel Veranda, Constant Spring Hotel The Jubilee Market 57 KINGSTON. Kingston, the capital of Jamaica, is the largest and most important city in the West Indies. It lies on the south coast and possesses a splendid harbor protected by a long narrow arm of land called the Palisadoes. The city is a I healthful one, the climate being dry and the heat tempered by the daily breeze, called the "Doctor." In January, 1907, the business part of the city was practically destroyed I by an earthquake followed by a disastrous fire, but it is being rapidly rebuilt I at the present time under Government supervision. Reinforced concrete is being used and a pleasing style of architecture has been adopted. The streets of Kingston have been laid out under the supervision of the Depart- ment of Public Gardens, and when completed, the city will be the handsomest in the West Indies. Kingston has a fine water supply, a well conducted system of electric street railways, telephones, etc. It is lighted by both gas and electricity. Too much stress cannot be laid on Kingston's advantages as the possessor of one of the best harbors in the world,— a harbor capable of receiving and loading alongside the wharves the largest ships afloat. The principal residen- tial quarter is on the road leading to Halfway Tree, and in that locality, pleasant looking houses are built well back from the road and surrounded by a luxuriant growth of plants, flowers, and trees. The Constant Spring Hotel situated about six miles from Kingston, at an elevation of six hundred feet above the sea, is built of stone, with spacious rooms and verandas, and has fine views of the surrounding country. The rides and walks about this hotel are very attractive, and electric cars run frequently to and from the city. The South Camp Road Hotel on South Camp Road, under the manage- ment of Henry A. Evelyn, has accommodations for forty-five persons. It is a pleasant house, and is surrounded by spacious and well arranged grounds. It is six minutes' drive from steamship piers and railway depot, and electric tram passes the gate. Knutsford Park Hotel and the Manor House are also located within a convenient distance of Kingston and have excellent accommodations for tourists. Hope Garden, which is also the Agricultural Experiment Station, contains ibout two hundred acres, and is situated about five and one-half miles from !