SERIN CAPATAM BASAPPA ПАСАРРА? s D0000000000000000 THE LIBRARY THE OF TY OF popanagaana OMNIBUS ARTIBUS REGENTS COMMUNE VINCULUM MINNESOTA 3 ALL 8808 TO COLONEL A. LEMESSURIER, R. E., Consulting Engineer, Mysore Government. THIS BROCHURE IS RESPECTFULLY DEDICATED IN GRATEFUL REMEMBRANCE OF MANY HAPPY HOURS SPENT IN SERINGAPATAM. IN HIS INSTRUCTIVE COMPANY, AND AS A TRIBUTE OF SINCERE GRATITUDE FOR VARIOUS ACTS OF KINDNESS, PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION, The rapid sale of the first edition of this brochure has encouraged me to bring out this second edition. Though the great want of leisure has not allowed a thorough revision, yet I hope the public will grant me the patronage they have hitherto done, considering that I have spared no pains to get this up to the best of my convenience. I have improved the present edition with some additional matter. My great desire has been to supply information and to preserve in print at least the accounts and descriptions of the once impregnable fortifications and places of historical interest and standing, but Lo ! many are the ruins in this little town. Even now the work cannot be said to stand complete. I must ask the reader to bear with me; should he find that this new edition is a nearer approach to my original plan and carries out my design better than the first, I shall feel myself sufficiently rewarded. The maps, it may be seen, are also much improved. We are indebted for the same to Mr. T. Rangaswamy Pille, the Engraver and Draughtsman in the Mysore Service, whose talents as an artist are well known in India and England. We also thank Mr. P. Herman, Printer in the same service and through whose hands this edition passed in the Press, for his kindness in getting the work neatly printed and correcting the proofs. STEPHEN BASAPPA. SERINGAPATAM, 1st, October 1887. TABLE OF CONTENTS. CHAPTER I. PAGE. PAGE, Introduction ...9 Seringapatam under the follow- The Origin of Seringapatam ers of Ramanujacharier 10 The Situation Seringapatam under the Sove- The Name 10 reigns of Vijiyanagar 11 The Temple Seringapatam under the Vice- Tradition regarding the Temple roys of Vijiyanagar of Sri Ranganathaswami Seringapatam under the Rajas Gautama's Cave of Mysore. Grant of Seringapatam to Ra- manujacharier CHAPTER II. The Fort 15 The Racket Court 19 Tippu Sultan's Palace 16 The Powder Magazines Kantirava Narasa Raja's Palace The spot where Tippu fell Krishna Raja Wadier's Palace Colonel Braithwait The Temple of Sri Rangana. General Matthews thaswami Captain Baird Tippu's Band Stand 17 Tippu's Parade The Temple of Lakshmi Nara British Prisons 20 simhaswami British Prisoners The Temple of Gangadhara Railway Office :21 swami 18 Last Spike The Great Mosque Tippu's Zenana Tippu's Stores The Breach De Havilland's Arch Short, Survey ... ... ... 26 CHAPTER III. Bangara Doddi Nullah 23 Sabul Rani Tittu ... The Lal Bagh 24 Baillie's Tomb Mausoleum Stack of Hay The Dariya Daulat Bagh Small Quarry The two Cannon 25 (Ganjam The Christian Cemetery Climate Scott's Bungalow Social and Domestic Life 27 VI]T ... CHAPTER IV. Tre Paschama Vahini 27 | The Urs and Sandle at Ganjam30 The Chandra Vanam The Roman Catholic Church Wellesley's Bridge 28 Sultanpet 31 The Raja's Bridge , Palhalli The Delhi Bridge French Rocks Railway Bridge Tonnur The Quarry at Kengal Koppalu, Melkote 32 Karighat Éill The Vairamudi Festival 33 Webb's Monument 29 Somanatbpura 34 Festivals or Jatras Ramanujacharier Sacred Places and Waters 30 CHAPTER V. A brief Muhamadan Version of the sieges of 1792 and 179936 CHAPTER VI. The invasion of Mysore Terri Return of the killed and tories 41 wounded 59 The Sieges of Seringapatam 42 Mutiny at Seringapatam 60 By Lord Cornwallis 43 John Floyd and Benki Nabob 61 By General Harris 46 Wellesley's narrow escape ... Troops under General Harris 49 General Medows... Do. Lieut.-Genl. Stuart 50 Rev. Abbe Dubois Storming Party ...51 Dhondiah Wagh 62 The Capture ... Hyder Ali's injunctions Conduct of the Sultan during Mir Sadak the Assault 54 ! Dewan Purnania Copy of General Orders 57 Personal qualities of Tippu... 63 ... ... 72 APPENDIX. Webb’s Monument 65 Sons of Tippu Wellesley's Monument Residents at the Court of Baillie's Tomb Mysore 73 Irwin's Grave 66 Pensions to Sardars Obelisk Commissioners in Mysore Fitzgerald's tomb 67 List of Officers imprisoned 74 Colly's tomb Embassies of Tippu Sultan to Mrs. Scott's tomb the Isle of France 75 Tippu's treasure in 1786 Proclamation at the Isle of Route of British March 68 France 75 The Prize Papers containing the cor- The Medal respondence previous to and Inscriptions at the mausoleum69 during the Siege of 1799 ...77 Do. Elephant gate way » Explanation of Technical Lord Dalhousie's Minute 70 Words and Phrases, &c... 79 Ancestry of Tippu 72 .. 11 rulers of the Vijayanagar family, who sought to divest them of the privilege which they had heretofore been enjoying. A. D. 1510 seems to be the probable date when Krishna Rayala, the ruling sovereign at Vijayanagar, took possession of the island and sent his Viceroy to rule over the place and surrounding country. From 1510, the Viceroy and his success- ors ruled over the island, greatly improved the place, and built a small fort for the first time. In 1564, the confederate Mahamadan princes of the Deccan overthrew the royal house of Vijayanagar, and Rama Rayalu the 7th of the Royal family was killed on the banks of the Krishna in the contest ; and from the time of his death, the destruction of the Vijayanagar kingdom commenced: but Seringapatam, being far away on the confines of that extensive kingdom, does not seem to have been affected by the overthrow of the para- mount power. This little dependency kept up its regal autho. rity till 1610, when the last of its Viceroys, Tirumala Rayala alias Sri Ranga Rayalu, worn out by age, broken down by disease and feeling greatly distressed at having no issue or other near relative to maintain the continuity of his royal house, retired from the cares and anxieties of his government to Tal- kad, where he seems to have spent the remainder of his days in erecting temples in honor of various gods. TEE RAJAS OF MYSORE. In A. D. 1610 Raja Wadier assumed possession of Seringa- patám, thep vacated by his powerful rival, and made it the capital of his little State. Previous to the acquisition of Seringa- patama, he was à petty chief ruling over thirty-two principal villages. Raja Wadier was succeeded in 1618 by his son Chama Raja Wadier, who appears to have been a vigorous ruler. He is said to have extended his kingdom on all sides and to have improv- ed the old fort of Seringapatam. Another account says that he was the first to build a small fort on the island, the east face of which, it is said, intersected the present fort in a line with Tippu's palace. He made some additions to the Sriranga- nathaswami's pagoda. Immadi Raja Wadier (1638) was poisoned by his Minis- ter and died without issue. The throne was then offered to Kanthirava Narasa Raja Wadier (1638) who possessed å wårlike spirit. It was during 12 this Raja's reign, that the place was improved and the fort of Seringapatam was greatly altered and strengthened. He organized a regular system of administration and established a mint, from which were issued the golden fanam, still current and known as Kanthirava varaha (pagoda). He built the palace known as Kanthirava Narasa Raja's palace and the pagoda of Narasimhaswami. He made several conquests, and add Madda- giri, Hassan, Belur, Oossoor and Bangalore to his kingdom. He was celebrated for his personal courage and strength, and. is said to have engaged and vanquished the Raja of Trichino- poly in single combat brought about by a challenge the latter had sent to him. During the reign of Dodda Deva Raja Wadier (1659) the State may be said to have assumed sufficient importance in Soutbern India to attract attention, Chikka Deva Raja Wadier (1674) was celebrated for his bravery and generosity and raised Mysore to the dignity of a kingdom. The great irrigation canal, known as Chikka Deva Raja Sagar Nullah in the vicinity of Seringapatam, and the Mysore bridge over the southern branches of the Cauvery were constructed during this sovereign's reign in 1690. He greatly extended his kingdom and added Kadur and Vastara. In one day, he captured nine forts and such a quantity of wealth. that he was designated-Nava Koti Narayana—or nine crores Narayana. The Emperor of Delhi, hearing of bis fame, sent him the title of Raja Jagga Deva. He made several revende regulations and other laws, which were afterwards looked upon as models for conducting every department of the State. Kanthirava Raja Wadier, (1703) was born deaf and dumb and was only a sovereign in name. He ruled 12 years. It was during the reign of Dodda Krishna Raja Wadier that Dalavayi Deva Raja became a prominent figure in the ad- ministration of the country, monopolizing all real power and leaving but an empty title to the king. On the demise of Dodda Krishna Raja Wadier, his suc- cessor Cham Raja Wadier (1733) was deposed by the Dalavayi Deva Raja who made him prisoner and after treating him with great indignity, sentenced him to a most cruel death on Kopaldroog. Chikka Krishna Raja Wadier, (1736), was placed on the throne by the Minister ruler, Deva Raja Ars, who was still a Minister, and his brother Napja Raja Ars was Sarvadhikar or 1 14 lost his mother. At the death of the Raja in 1795, Tippu plundered the palace and stripped it of all its jewels and orna- ments and confined the Ranis and the infant Maha Raja within the precincts of the pulace. There they remained con- fined till the day of Tippu's death. Hyder Ali Khan for a long time had laboured under the painful complaint of a cancer in the back, the violence of which had been much augmented by the fatigues of three successive campaigos. In the month of November 1782, the symptoms of his disorder increasing, he retired from the tumults of a camp to the city of Arcot, where on the 6th December 1782 (1st of Moharam 11. 1196) he terminated his earthly career, aged 80 years. His death was for several days kept a profound secret and the body, was privately sent away by night on the road to Sira. By their taking this route it was probably the intention of his friends to have him buried near bis father at Kolar; but by the direction of his son Tippu Sultán, the body was conveyed to Seringapatata and buried with much state under a magnificent mausoleum in the garden called “Lal-Bagh.” He was a prince of great abilities and resolution. He reduced all places of importance and all hill forts in Southern India and raled Mysore for 21 years. He was succeeded by his son Tippu Sultan who was born on 19th November 1749, 20th Zihoj 1163-H. at Devanhalli. In 1793, Tippu greatly added to the fortifications of Seringa- patam built an inner line of works and strengthened the fortress by throwing up high cavaliers and cutting trenches through the rocks. He fell in the siege of 1799 while forcing his way through a narrow sally port into the inner fortifications. After the subversion of the Muhamiadan dynasty of Mysore by the British in 1799, the Hindu family of Mysore was ofice more raised to the masnad of its ancestors. Maha Raja Krishna Raja Wadier (the infant who had been maltreated by Tippu) was placed on the throne in June 1799 and a Regent' in the person of Dewan Purpaiya was appointed to administer the affairs of the State during his minority. Dewan Purpaiya held office till 1810 when the Maha Raja expressed a wish to govern the kingdom for himself, and retired from public life to Seringapatam. In 1830, owing to internal dissensions in the Province, the Government of India took over the affairs of the State into their own hands and for the next half a century the Province was administered by British officers, 18 The temple of Gangadharaswami is dedicated to Siva or Iswara. This god is known as Gangadhara for having Ganga on his head. This temple is near the sally port wbere Tippu fell. The temple of Gangadharaswami receives from Govern- ment Rs. 2,026-8-0 per annum. ORIGIN OF MASZIDE ALA OR THE GREAT MOSQUE.- When Kande Rao, the Pradhan or Minister, plotted to check the growing power of Hyder Ali and Hyder fled to Bangalore to escape his assassins the minister imprisoned Tippu, (then a boy of 7 years of age) along with Hyder Ail's zenana in a house near the Ganjam gate, facing a Hindu temple dedicated to Anjaneya. Tippu used to play with some Hindu boys in the spacious compound of that temple; while so engaged it happened one day that a fakir passing that way and seeing Tippu, addressed him as follows: “O fortunate child, when thou art made king of this country, raze this temple to the ground and erect a mosque in its stead, for fuure generations will honor thee, and it will stand á memorial of thee." Tippu with a smiling face said that whenever by his bles- sings he should be made king, he would do so. And when Tippu became king, he pulled down the temple and a mosque was raised on the site in 1790. This was the favorite mosque of Tippu. The mosque was the greatest and the last scene of bloodshed within the fortifi- cation on that memorable 4th May 1799. TIPPU'S STORES OR GRANARY.Those tottering lofty walls now remaining are the only relics of the huge stores first erec- ted by Kanthirava Narasa Raja Wadier and completed by Tippu. These granaries were found, immediately after the siege of 1799, to be stored with a supply of grain and other article of consumption sufficient for Tippu's garrison for a period of twelve years. This granary is to the south of the temple of Sriranganatha and contained underground vaults for storing ghee, oil, salt, &c. The granary is now levelled to the ground. Captain defavilland of the Madras Engineers was attached to the Garrison at Seringapatam from 1808 to 1810. While he was here he erected the experimental arch. The length of of the span is 112 feet, the breadth of the arch is 4 feet, thick- ness at lower end or haunches is 5 feet and at the crown 3 feet 10 inches. The rise of the arch is 10 feet 11 inches. The arch is supported at either end with buttresses of stone in chunam. The arch vibrates, and its vibrations are felt and seen when a man dances at the crown. 19 The Racket Court near the Mysore Gate is built of stone and brick. The enclosure is now converted into a lawa tennis court. There are twelve powder magazines, built in different pla- ces; they were designed and constructed under the supervision of French Engineers who were in the service of Tippu. The water gateway known as Holé-diddi-bagala is poin- ted by local tradition as the place where Tippu fell after receiving mortal wounds in the thickness of the contest at that narrow dark arch way. Another account, as advanced by most of the celebrated travellers, points to an archway in the inner fortifications of Tippu (since destroyed) about 100 yards to the right of the sally port known as Holó-diddi-bagalu. Tippu attacked Colonel Braithwait and his detachment at Pandalore on the banks of the Coleroon on the 17th Febru- ary 1782. The Colonel surrendered himself with his detach- ment the next day from failure in his attempt to retreat. The Colonel and his men arrived as prisoners of war at Seringapatam on the 27th March 1782. General Matthews, the gallant defender of Mangalore and Bednore and who was taken a prisoner in 1783, arrived at Seringapatam on the 25th May and died on the 8th September. It is said that the General died suddenly from the effects of poison administered to him. Captain Baird of H. M's. 73rd was taken prisoner along with Colonel Baillie on the 10th September 1780, and arri- ved in Seringapatam on the 27th October. He was a prisoner at Seringapatam for 3 years and 9 months. He commanded the storming party in the assawlt on the momorable 4th May 1799, Captain Baird along with some other officers seem to have been confined in a tiled house on the verge of the parade ground at the northern prolongations of the Sultan's palace, close to the outer fortifications. That grassy plain, extending from the west of Tippu's palace to the railway line, adjoining the temple of Sriranga- natha, the old palace of the Rajah and the temple of Nara- simhaswami to the south, was used by Tippu for a parade ground. To the west of it stood his court house. 20 Colonel Baillie, along with some other officers, seems to have been confined in a choultry (now. destroyed) on the parade in front of the demolished palace of the Mysore Rajas. The underground vault opposite the Railway Office and a litile to the west of the sally port known as Krishna-diddi on the northern walls of the Fort, is said to have been the place, where a number of British soldiers under the late tyrant's reign were confined and exposed to the greatest bar- barity man could imagine. The stones with holes in centre which are fixed in the walls of the vault, are said to have been intended for chaining British prisoners. Besides this, there are other vaults in the walls of the fortifications where the British soldier is said to have met with his share of cruelty at the tyrant's hand. A SHORT MELANCHOLY ACCOUNT OF THE BRITISH PRISONERS.- The British officers and soldiers who were imprisoned in the Fort of Seringapatam, it appears were subjected to the most horrid tortures that human mind could think of. With most dreadful menaces and most alluring promises, the officers and men were asked to give consent to embrace Muhamadanism. Some were starved to give consent, others were flogged to be- come proselytes and on pain of death they were all asked to embrace Muhamadanism, to take service in the Army and to teach English discipline and exercise to Muhamadan recruits; when the officers to a man refused with disdain to embrace their religion or to take service in the army and chose even to die than teach the Mubamadans to fight against their fellow countrymen. Then, they were all led group by group to the school of exercise under chains, where after being menaced in the severest manner, they were obliged at last to suffer themselves to be shaved and forced to take a heavy dose of majum ; a little while after, a number of Kaffirs (the negroes who were in Tippu's service) holding them, the Mhua- medan hakims performed the painful operation of circumci- sion. Their heads were shaved. They had dungherry cloths given them to wear, date mats to sleep on and straw to lie on; rough cots were allowed to some officers and pials for others. At times, the officers and men when paraded before the cut- chery were fed with boiled rice, gram and ghee mixed with camphor, like horses in gram bags, and their food washed down their throats with unwholesome and dirty water, It is also said that the Killedar of Chitaldroog after menacing the 17 British officers, who had surrendered themselves along with General Matthews at Bednore, in a most cruel manner, 23 watered by the southern branches of the Cauvery. At a dis- tance and in the midst of a group of trees, stands the bungalow of Colonel Scott. In the fort is a high cavalier on which stands a flagstaff placed there by Tippu. Lost in the clouds is the hill of Chamundi, (near Mysore), so named from the buffaloe-beaded monster having been slain there by Chamundi, the consort of Siva. Opposite the south or Mysore gate stands the Racket Court adjoining a high cavalier. The Ele- phant gate is in the outer fortifications. Facing at the distance of a furlong to our left stands the cemetery where the dead are laid in peace. On proceeding towards the sally port named Bommuru-bagalu the experimental arch built by Captain de Havilland is to our right, opposite the gateway. From here, we have a commanding view of a fertile plain, grown with areca, cocoanut and other fruit trees. The gateway leads to Bom- muru or Sultanpet and it is one of the oldest gateways of the fort. After crossing the railway line, we stand somewhere about the place where the flank companies of H. M.'s 12th Re- giment found a narrow passage across the inner ditch for en- tering the fort. The Military and Civil Hospital of the British Garrison is in ruins near the north-west angle of the fort. Here ends our short survey of the island fortress. The Fort of Seringapatam is situted to the western end of the island. It is about one mile in length, half a mile in breadth and two and half miles in circumference. The town is large containing about 1400 houses and 4000 inhabitants ; the houses are poor-looking and dirty, the com- pounds are in ruins, streets are narrow, lanes are crooked and the drains are filled with filth effusing offensive effluvia. Steps are bowever being taken for its improvement, and since, the time our first edition appeared great changes have been made for the better. CHAPTER III. THE ISLAND OF SERINGAPATAM. The Bangara Doddi Nalla is a channel into which the water is raised by dams across the Cauvery. This channel is a large stream which waters the paddy fields in the island and supplies the town with water. One half of the bridge 25 the handsome and stately palace of Tippu-his favorite řetreat from public business. Its walls are decorated with paintings representing the daily life of various Nababs, Rajas and Ranis of Southern India, as well as the victory over Colonel Baillie's little band by the combined armies under Hyder Ali and Tippu at Pollilore on 10th September 1780. The reservoir in the garden is Tippu's favorite bathing place. Before the siege of 1799, the picture of the defeat of Colonel Baillie was effaced from the walls by order of Tippu, but it was renewed by Colonel Wellesley's order, who occupied the building from 1799 to 1801. In 1855, Lord Dalhousie ordered that the palace should be put into a state of through repair, and the paintings were once more renewed and the roof and walls of the building gorgeously decorated. Since that time the palace was neglected and the Mysoro Durbar has now most consider- ately sanctioned a thorough renovation, which is being carried out. A flight of stone steps has been lately constructed on the banks of the Cauvery adjoining the garden. Close by Chandra Vanam, two cannon are fixed in the ground marking the head of the parallels from which the Bri- tish under Sir David Baird dashed out to storm and assault the fortress on the 4th May 1799. The Christian Cemetery is a furlong from the high road to Mysore to the left and is opposite to the Mysore gate. Here repose in peace the remains of those of the garrison and other civil population who departed their lives between the years 1800 and 1835. This cemetery is occasionally used by the European residents of the town of Mysore to inter their departed relatives and friends. Colonel Scott's bungalow is about half a mile from the Mysore gate of the fort. There is a cart track leading to the place. The bungalow is built on the northern bank of the southern branch of the Cauvery. Captain Scott (afterwards Colonel) who was first in charge of the Gan Carriage Manu- factory here in 1800, became the Commandant of the garrison at Seringapatam. The Colonel had scarcely recovered from the effects of the loss experienced in the death of his dear partner in life in child bed on the 19th of April 1817, than to his great remorse, he found one morning on returning from parade that his two dårling daughters had been cut off by cholera. In his great agony and perplexity of mind, according to one account, he is said to have resigned his appointment and returned home ; while according to another, he is said to have D the 26 drowned himself in the Cauvery. This bungalow with all its furniture (the old fashioned chairs, the lambrous cot, rudely constructed sofa, the old pianos and the mirror) was ordered by the late Maharaja to be left intact in honor of the me- mory of the gallant Colonel. Sabbl Rani Titta, the elevated ground to the right of the high road leading to Ganjam on which a cenotaph now stands is said to have been the place where Tippu, in order to enforce a great strictness of manners, is said to have cruelly punished with a red-hot iron crowbar a woman charged with adultery. Colonel Baillie's Tomb is outside the gates of the Mauso- leum. It was built over the spot where he is probably said to have been interred by order of Tippu's Circar. This tomb was built by his nephew, a Resident at the Court of Lucknow. Colonel Baillie was made a prisoner on the 10th September 1780 at Pollilore near Perambaucum. He arrived in Seringa- patam in irons on the 26th January 1781 and died while a pri- soner on the 13th November 1782 from close confinement and want of medical comforts. It is said that his remains was put into a coffin, and was carried to its last resting place on a gun carriage. The funeral ceremony was attended by a European Sergeant and a few sepoys. None of the British ufficers in prison were allowed to attend the funeral or to pay their last respects to their departed gallant Colonel. A large quantity of hay stacked by Tippu near Bom- muru-bagala took fire duriog the siege of 1799 and burnt down. The ashes are considered sacred and are used by the people at Serinġapatam and its neighbourhood for marking on their foreheads. A small quarry consisting of soft stone of a slaty nature which the Hindus call “Muggu kalla,” is in the outer ditch of the fortifications near the Mysore gate. The whitish powder obtained by nicely pounding the stones, is used by the Hindu females in drawing figures representing various flowers on the floors of their houses when the whole house undergoes a gene- ral purification in the mornings. Until this is done, they can- not cook their food. Cowdung plays an important part in all such purifications. The town of Ganjam to the east of the island contains about 2,000 houses and 5,000 inhabitants; the houses are poor and desolate, but the streets are wide. 28 is another place of cremation of the old Rajas of Mysore. There is a little temple dedicated to Isvara erected near the banks of the Cauvery to which people generally frequent to per- form faneral and other ceremonial rites to their departed rela- tives and ancestors. The Wellesley or northern bridge over the northern branch of the Cauvery was erected under the care of Dewan Purnaiya at the cost of rupees 51 lakhs, in honor of Marquis Wellesley, then Governor-General of India. It was 3 years under construc- tion when Colonel Close was Resident at the Court of Mysore. The southern or Raja's bridge over the southern branch of the Cauvery is said to have been erected by Ohikka Deva Raja Wadier. It serves as an aqueduct to convey from a higher level of the Cauvery a large stream of water known as the Bangara Doddi Nullah into the island. One half of the bridge is occupied by this aqueduct. The old or Delhi bridge over the northern branch of the Cauvery is near the place where the river branches off into two and is in a parallel line with the railway bridge about a furlong to the west. This is said to have been constructed by the Viceroys of Vijayanagar and destroyed by Tippu in 1799 to prevent General Stuart from forcing his way over. A row of stones still remain showing the position of the old bridge. The Gordon Viaducts or Railway bridge is composed of three stone bridges over the three branches of the Cauvery and number 68 arches. This fine work was constructed by Lieuto- Colonel A. LeMessurier, R. E., at a cost of 14 lakhs and we had the good fortune to be with that officer on the evening he took the first ballast-train into the Fort of Seringapatam. Driver Loveday was on the engine. This is truly a work of peace and for the benefit of the people. The quarry at the Kengal Koppalu at the northern banks of the Cauvery is not far off from the Railway line; it consists of red and yellowish quartz. The Native Doctors here and elsewhere attach a high value to the mortars and pestles made from this stone. Kalbats or stone vessels used by the natives are prepared out of this quarry. Karighat bill is 2,697 feet above the level of the sea. It is near the junction of the Lokani (Lokapavani) with the Cauvery. There is a temple on the hill dedicated to Venkat- ramanaswami (a form of Vishnu). The annual festival in honor of this god takes place about February or March. A large 31 & mark of the cross. In 1784, Tippu forcibly circumcised about 30,000 Native Christians of Canara and deported them to Mysore. Many of them lived and died without ever seeing & priest. They however baptised their children, taught them prayers and kept up Christian worship. Bommuru or Brahmapura is to the south-west of Seringa- patam, on whose site Tippu erected a small town and a battery and named the place after himself “Sultanpet. There, Tippu kept a number of elephants; and on this spot once stood a famous temple dedicated to Bommuramma (or Brahma Rakshasi), a cruel and blood-thirsty goddess whom the people greatly feared and adored. Without imploring the aid of the goddess, it is said, that no act of wickedness is committed by the murderer, the robber and the prostitute. Palhalli is situated 3 miles to the west of Seringapatam near the southern banks of the Cauvery. It is a large village on the high road to Cannanore. It was the head-quarters of the British Army under General Harris during the siege of 1799. There are large sugar and iron manufactories here, and also coffee curing works. French-Rocks is situated on an undulating plain 6 miles to the north of Seringapatam. The two rocky hills forming a portion of the bund of the large tank here are called French Rocks owing to the place having been occupied by the French who were in the service of Hyder Ali and Tippu Sultan, Ori- ginally, the hills were known as Chikka Mallana Betta. The height of the plain, above the level of the sea, is 2,880 feet. It is called Hirode by Natives. It was recently a small Bri. tish military station occupied by a Native Infantry Regiment. It contains a population of about 3,000 inhabitants. Tonnore or Yadavapuri, once the powerful capital of the Ballala Rayas, is a place of great celebrity. These sovereigns ruled over the whole of the Carnatic. It is in ruins and has dwindled down into an insignificant village by lapse of time. It is situated about 12 miles north-west of Seringapatam and 6 miles from French Rocks. The reservoir is so large as to deserve the name of a lake : it has no fixed shape. The great tank is named “Moti Talav," or the lake of pearls. It is & work of vast utility. It was named “Moti Talav" from the purity and clearness of its waters by Nazur Jung in 1746. The Yadava Nadi, a mountain stream, which was forcing its way through the valley between the two rocky hills, is said to 34 The origin? town is defective.' Cholera is not of local origin. Water in some of the wells is rather foul from disuse and contamination. It is about 15 miles north-west of French Rocks. The temples of Sri Narayanaswami and Yoga Narasimha- swami at Melkote are maintained by Government at a cost of Rupees 20,295 and 1,625 per annum, respectively. Somanathapura is a place of great celebrity and antiquity. It is about 20 miles south-east of Seringapatam. Here is a neat and elegant pagoda dedicated to Prasanna Channa Kesava (a form of Vishnu). The temple with all its graceful sculpture and architectural skill is said to have been constructed under the supervision of Dankanachariar, the famous architect, The walls and ceilings are profusely covered with carved stone- work after the manner of the celebrated temple at Halebid. Ramanujachariar, the great Hindu doctor and founder of the sect known as Sriavishnava Brahmans, was born at Sri Perambatore in the year of the Kaliyuga 4108, or 1015 of the Christian era. sage is as follows: The god Sésha (the serpent) entered the womb of a woman of the twice born order, and was born as Ramanujachariar. At this time, many sects over-ran the country with heretical doctrines. l'hey were 18 in number, very powerful and prevalent every-where. Even the Brah- mans themselves were very low until the time of Sankaracha- riar, who is said to have flourished a century or two after Christ. He won a great victory over them and entirely destroyed 12 of them. He seems to have spared the other 6 sects, because they were said to possess influence enough with the governing powers to prevent the ascendancy of Sankaracariar over them. About this time, Ramanujachariar incalcated his new doctrines and openly taught his new opinions to the people below the ghats, where he was greatly persecuted op account of the new set of doctrines he upheld and promulgated. Therefore, Ramanuja- chariar was forced to flee from the presence of his persecutors, the foremost among them being the Tanjore princes, who were the followers and upholders of the doctrine taught by Sanka- rachariar, the founder of the sect known as Smarta Brahmans. In his retreat, he found refuge in the court of the Ballala Raya of the Ballala family, the most powerful Jain king of Yadava- puri or Tonnore, who governed the whole country south of the Krishna. The daughter of Ballala Raya was then being poss- 35 essed and tormented by a Bramharakabasa, otherwise called Tonnore Rakshasa. The kingwho had sent for all the magicians, priests of all the gods and sorcerers in his dominions and tried them in vain, had recourse to Ramanujachariar, who with his magical power exorcised the monster and released the princess from the bonds of that Rakshasa. Amazed at the superhuman powers of Ramanujachariar, the king re- nounced his own religion and embraced that of Ramanujachariar, accepted him as his guru and worshipped Vishnu; whereopon, this eminents age changed the king's name from "Ballala Raya" to “Vishnu Vardhana Raya" and bestowed upon him chak- rantikam and upadesam. The Jain priests were greatly en- raged with the Brahman for having converted their king, and a great debate and dispute took place before the king in which the Jains were entirely defeated, convinced and convicted of their errors. Some of them embraced the new opinions, others fled and those who obstinately refused to follow the new faith were put to the terrible death of being ground in an oil mill. Thas, Ramar ujachariar extirpated the Jain families and Jain worship at Tounore, destroyed all the Jain temples and with their materials built the great reservoir, and also repaired the three long deserted temples of the god Vishnu. Then being warned in a dream by Narayana to go to Melkote and to put into order the temple of the god Ramapriya, be left Tonnore for Melkote. On Ramanujachariar proceeding from Tonnore to perform his devotions at Melkote at that celebrated shrine, he war informed that the god Chaluva Raya had been carried away by the Mubamadan General of the Emperor of Delhi, who attacked and plundered the town, and sacked the temple. The great doctor at once proceeded to the Muha- madan capital and had an interview with the Emperor who ordered his Ministers to show the sage all the places where idols were amassed. Among them the Doctor was not able to find his god, but came to know that the Em- peror had made a present of the image to his daughter as & toy. It is stated, that all day the princess played with the idol and at nights the idol assumed å human form and enjoyed her bed. On Ramanujachariar repeating some powerful mantrams and calling on his god, the deity appeared before him. Then the sage clasped the image and mysteri- ously returned to Melkote. The princess also, it appears, followed the image mounted on a horse as fast as possible, and no sooner did she approach the deity than she is said to have been absorbed into the substance of the image. A monument is created for the princess at the foot of the hill. 39 frening troops in person. Budrazzaman Khar persuaded Tippu pot to quit the place, for by so doing, the courage of the garrison would fail whence would follow the destruction of the army. On the day of the assault little before midday, Mir Sadak under the pretention of paying the troops, sent for the men stationed on the ramparts near the breach. On the morning of the assault, the Sultan in person i ispected the breach and ordered the (kamatis) workmen to repair the walls and returned to the Palace a little before midday. Astrologers represented to the Sulian that the day (4th May 1799) was very unpropitious to him according to their calculation. The Sultan retired for the bath, and when he was at his dinner, the death of his faithful Syed Goffur was reported to bim. The Sultan, it is said, scoffed at the very idea of the death of Syed Goffur, and exclaimed—“ What? Is wy fort built of wax, and my Syed Goffur-is he an ordinary man to fall ?” Mounting his horse he went by the way of Hole-diddi (a sally port) along the northern ramparts of outer works. Before the Sultan could collect bis men and infuse vigour into their hearts and before he could try to secure order and hope, every chance of success was over. When the Sultan baw that'an opportunity for a gallant fight had ceased; be returned to the Hole-diddi-bagalu, but finding the gates pro- perly secured and closed against him, tried in vain to get an entrance into the inner fort fully believing that his servants had really betrayed him into the hands of his enemies. When the storming party followed him closely, furiously firing; the Sultan with his followers, who like wounded tigers for the last time, fought with the greatest gallantry and exhibited greatest bravery but to no effect. The Sultan himself exhi- bited great,valour, and receiving mortal wounds, fell a martyr. Raja Khan who clung to the Sultan, advised him to proclaim himself. “Are you mad? Be silent, I would rather die the death of a martyr than die the death of a dog, being delivered into the hands of the enemies” was the reply. On the departure of the Sultan through the sally port to the breach, Dewan Mir Sadak properly shut up the gateway and tried to escape by way of the Ganjam gateway; but when he arrived at the 3rd gate, a Mahamadan soldier greeted him with the following words : “Thou fool, thou hast delivered an holy prince into the hands of Kafers, and art thou trying to save thyself? Therefore I will place thy guilt upon thine own head, and despatched him to the next world with one cut of his sword. 40 The curious traditional version of the circumstances of the seige, current among the Mussaulum inhabitants of Seringas patam is, that the fall of the fortress was due to the treachery of Mahamed Mir Sadak, and the Hindu Minister Purnaiya. Mir Syed Gaffur was Tippu Sultan's best and bravest officer, or rather he shared this distinction with Mahamad Mir Sadak, ovly the former is esteemed a martyr while the latter unfortunately has bad the stigma of a traitor attached to his name, when the treachery myth was invented. Purnaiya was on the ramparts with Syed Gaffur just before the assault, and by a scheme preconcerted with the English General he ordered a green umbrella to be held over Syed Gaffur's head, under the plea that it was only a protection agaiost the powerful rays of the midday sun, but really intending it as a mark of distinc- tion for the guidance of the gunners on the breaching batteries. The gunners fired, and of course, killed Syed Gaffur, and the fall of the green umbrella gave the signal for the assault. But for this piece of treachery, Tippu Sultan would probably have conquered the whole of Hindustan and driven the English out of India. This is one of the many marvellous stories by which the Mussaulums of Mysore seek to palliate the defect of their champion. Kumruddin Khan, on the 11th May 1799, came with great pleasure to offer his seryices to General Harris and ob- tained from the General a treaty entitling him to a Jahagir. Futte Hyder, with bright hopes of being placed on the throne of his father, surrendered himself to General Harris on the 13th May 1799. The English officers, after great search, found the body of the Sultan amidst a heap of dead and dying bodies, placed it in a palanquin and left it in the palace for the night. The remains of the Saltan were interred in the mausoleum erected over his deceased father. The Sultan shed his blood on Satur- day the 28th Zikayid 1213, Hijiri. is? 8th Invasion, 1792. On the first February 1792, the allied armies of the Nizam and the British under the command of 'Lord. Cornwallis commenced again their march upon Seringa- patam. On the 5th February the army took up its ground near Seringapatam in full view of that proud capital and of Tippu and his army who were encamped between the island of Seringapatam and a very winding water course. Tippu's front and flanks were covered by a double range of round redoubts uncommonly well constructed and filled with guns and with troops. Tippu's arıy lay completely under the protection of the guns at the Fort. In the afternoon of the 6th February, Lord Cornwallis issued orders to the principal commanders that he would attack the enemy's lines that night in three columns. The total force engaged was Europeans 5,900 and natives 8,700 men. General Meadows commanded the right column which was to enter on the enemy's line and then turn to the left.. -:? Lt. Col. Maxwell who commanded the left column was to turn the enemy's posts on the Karighat bills and enter the Lal-bagh on the right of the enemy. The centre column under Lord Cornwallis, having under him Lt. Col. Stuart was to attack the centre of the enemy's line. The reserve was to cover the park, the guns and stores ander Col. Floyd. Col, Maxwell's attack commenced and the enemy were in. stantly dispossessed of their hills. Lord Cornwallis commenced at about midnight, it was moon light, and the firing was exceedingly heavy. The enemy also fired a great deal from rédoubts, but with slight execution. General Meadows beginning very soon attacked the left hand redoubt defended by Monsieur Nigy commonly called young Lally. The redoubt was carried. The column then proceeded as directed towards the left of the enemy's line, it changed the route however very unfortunately and ranging along the enemy's front at great distance crossing Lord Cornwallig' reat reached Col. Maxwell's hill. Captain Beatson led the right co- lumin commanded by General Meadows. There was no mistake as has been stated in several publications in leading that column! 46 enemy abandoned every out-post. On the 24th a treaty of peace was brought by Lieutenants Chalmers and Nash (British prisoners) to Lord Cornwallis, sigued by Tippu Sultan. The general terms of the treaty were that Tippu Sultan should pay three crores and thirty laklıs of mpees and give up countries equal to half his revenues ; for the due perform- ance of which he despatched two of his song as hostages. On the afternoon of the 26th the two bostages-sons of Tippa Sultan-arrived ; the princes were each mounted on an elephant richly caparisoned and seated in a silver howdah and attended by a tutor and the old confidential minister of Eyder Ali, a body of pikesmen, a body of rocket boys and a small body of horse. They were received with honor. Lord Cornwallis attended by his staff and principal officers met the princes with unaffected courtesy as they dismounted from the elephants and after embracing them, led them in, one on each hand to the tent. The elder Adul Khalik was about 10 years, the younger Moizaudden was 8 years. When they were seated on each side of Lord Cornwallis, Gulam Ali, the head vakil, ad. dressed his Lordship as follows: "These children were this morning the sons of the Sultan my master, their situation is now changed, and they must look ap to your Lordship as their father.” 9th Invasion, 1799.-Another war with Tippu Sultan was imminent, all preparations and arrangements for the campaign being nearly completed the troops assembled in the vicinity of Vellore. General Harris accompanied by the general staff left Madras on the 26th January 1799 and joined the army on the 29th of the same month. The army consisting of 20,802 men with 60 field pieces and 40 heavy guns attacked the fort of Seringapatam for the last time. The Tiger of Mysore fell a victim to his zeal and gallantry in defending his favorite city. The army marched from Vellore on the 6th February 1799. The following were the senior officers according to their ranks : Lt.-General Harris, Commander-in-chief, Major-General John Floyd, Commanding Cavalry. Major General Bridges, Commanding right wing Major-General' Popham Commanding left wing. Majnr-General Baird Commanding European brigade right wing: MADRAS ARMY. General Return of Troops under the command of General Harris, 1799. Total. EUROPEANS. Rank and File. Cavalry. 19th Regiment Light Dragoons. 25th do. do. 430 454 884 Artillery Two Companies Bengal Artillery... 1st Battalion Artillery... 2nd do. do, 139 148 321 608 Infantry12th Regiment Foot 33rd do. do. 173rd do. do. 174th do. do. Scotch Brigade..... Swiss Regiment 693 879 746 789 559 715 4,381 NATIVES. Cavalry 1st Native Cavalry 2nd do. do. 3rd do. do. 4th do. do. 439 422 437 453 1,751 1,080 Infantry 1st Battalion, 1st Regiment, Native Infantry 963 2nd do. 3rd do. do. 1,023 2nd do. 5th do, do. 1st do. 6th do. do. 1,012 1st do. 8th do. 910 2nd do, 9th do. do. 821 Ist do. 12th do. do, 795 2nd do. 12th do. do. ... 1,034 Three Battalions Bengal Volunteers 3,057 do, 10,695 Gun Lascars Pioneers 1,483 11,000 2,483 Total of the Army...... 20,802 G 54 ately their lives would be spared. He conducted the prin- ces to the presence of General Baird, who had himself experienced the cruelty of their father. His mind too had been inflamed by a report just then received that Tippu had mur- dered all the Europeans made prisoners during the siege. He was, however, sensibly affected by the sight of the princes, and his gallantry on the assault was not more conspicuous than the moderation and humanity which he on this occasion dis- played. He received the princes with every mark of regard, repeatedly assured them that no violence or insult should be offered to them, and gave them in charge of two officers to conduct them to head-quarters in camp. They were escorted by a European guard and the troops were ordered to pay them the compliments of presenting arms as they passed. Monsieur Chapuy and most of the French surrendered them- selves and were made prisoners of war; they had commissions from their Government. In the evening, when a search was made for the body of Tippu by General Baird, it was found amidst a heap of dead bodies, at the spot where it bad breathed its last breath. The remains of Tippu were interred with military honors at the mausoleum which he erected over his father at the Lal Bagh. Those of the garrison on the works, who threw themselves into the ditches below and broke their limbs by so doing, were afterwards attended to by the British Surgeons at the great mosque. The Fort of Seriogapatam was captured by the British on Saturday, new moon, in the month of Chaitra (4th May) in the year Siddharti (1799) A. D 4th May 1799, A, D., New Moon, Saturday, month of Chaitra, in the year Siddharti, 28th Zikayida, 1213 Hijiri. THE CONDUCT OF THE SULTAN DURING THE ASSAULT. The Sultan went out early in the morning as was his custom daily to one of the cavaliers of the outer rampart of the north face, whence he could observe what was going on both sides, and remained there till about noon, when he took his usual repast under a pandal. It would appear, that he had at that time, no suspicion of the assault being so near ; for when it was reported to him that British parallels and approaches were ; 60 Abstract of Return of killed, wounded, and missing at the Assault. EUROPEANS. Killed-Two Captains, six Lieutenants, three Sergeants, one Drummer, fifty-eight Rank and File. Wounded One Lieutenant-Colonel, four Captains, eight Lieutenants, three Ensigns, two Conductors, twelve Sergeants, five Drummers, and two hundred and twenty-eight Rank and File. Missing-One Sergeant and three Rank and File. NATIVES. Killed Thirteen Rank and File. Wounded One Jamadar, two Drummers and thirty-one Rank and File. Missing-Two Rank and File. MISCELLANEOUS NOTES. THE MUTINY AT SERINGA PATAM.—The peace that prevailed in Seringapatam was disturbed in 1809 by Col. Bell, the Com- mandant of the garrison at Seringapatam, who manifesting his feelings of indignation openly at the proceedings of Sir George Barlow, the Governor of Madras, depriving the Com- mander-in-Chief of a seat in Council and requiring all officers to sign the test of allegiance, the fortress was once more mounted with cannons; but the tide of events turning favor- ably in other parts of the country, Col. Bell submitted to the orders of the Government. On the 11th of August 1809, a great fighting took place near Seringapatam, where “Rana Kambha” (war pillar) known as Webb’s Monument now stards. This action took place between a detachment of Mysore Horse under the command of Bakshis Rama Rao and Bbima Rao by order of the British Resident of the Mysore Court, Sir Arthur Cole, and two battalions of British Native Infantry 62 Dhondiah Wagh, a Mahratta in the service of the Sultan, was a brave and dashing officer. He was forcibly circumcised, was named Mullik Juhan Khan and chained in one of the dungeons of the fort by order of the Sultan. He was released by the British after the siege, and taking advantage of his liberty, be presented himself before Futteh Hyder ( Mir Lash- kar) for service, Seeing no chance of war being continaed he escaped and collected marauders around him and committed great depredation and ravages in the newly acquired : territo- ries. At last his gang was completely destroyed and dispersed by Colonel Wellesley, and Dhondiah himself was slain near Banavar. Hyder Ali, knowing Tippu's fanaticism and passion for sacrilege on Hindu sacred buildings, it appears, left him strict injunctions not to meddle with the three most famous temples in his dominions, viz : 1. The idol standing, (the temple of Chelva Raya- swami at Melkote. 2. The idol sitting, the temple of Nanjandeswara at Nanjangud. 3. The idol reclining, the temple of Sri Ranganatha- swami at Seringapatam. Mir Sadak was the most influential and favorite minister of Tippu. He is said to have been during the reign of Tippu the real cause of all the misery aud cruelty to the people, which seems to have greatly contributed to the downfall of the Sul- tan's Government. He fell while attempting to get through the Bangalore gateway at the hands of a Muhamadan sentry at the gate, in the confusion of the assault on the memorable 4th May 1799. His body was exposed for nearly 8 days to the insults of the people, who it is said, spat on it as they passed by, and tied a shoe on it as a mark of contempt. The name Mir Sadak' has become a household term or saying, and is made use of to one that betrays his trust. Dewan Purnaiya Bakshi of the Thosi Khana or Treasury was at the head of the Financial Department in the adminis- tration of Hyder Ali. During the reign of Tippu, he enjoyed the greatest influence and authority in the realm, next to Mir Sadak. He was appointed Regent in 1799, after the siege, to administer the affairs of the State during the minority of the laté Maharaja. In 1810, when the reins of the Government were assumed by the late Maharaja, Parniaya returned to Seringa- 83 مع patam. He was a man of extraordinary abilities, eminent public zeal, integrity, judgment and energy; and to this distinguished minister must be ascribed the success of the measures which were adopted for the settlement of Mysore, and the happy and prosperous condition of this now flourishing Province. Personal qualities of Tippu Sultan.--Everywhere within and about the palace, evidence of the depraved and sangui- nary tastes of Tippu met the eye of the conquerors. His name meant tiger; he called his soldiers his tigers of war, and the tigers of the Indian jungles" were his pets and executioners; for the attendant that offended him or the pri- soner that was brought into his presence was not unfrequent- ly turned into a barred room or large cage, where the savage animals were let loose upon him. Near the door of his trea- sury, an enormous tiger was found chained. There were other tigers in the edifice, and so numerous as to give some trouble to Colonel Wellesley. The history and character of the son of Hyder Ali were, in a manner, indicated by the bar- barous big toy invented for his amusement, which was found in his palace, and which may now be seen in the Library of the East India House, London. This rude automaton is a tiger in the act of devouring a European, who lies prostrate under the savage beast. There is likewise, in the palace of the Maharaja of Mysore, another automaton figure of a tiger, life size, so set on springs, that Tippu could make it take a leap and light on the person of any unsuspecting visitor, who of course imagined that he was assailed by a living tiger, to the great merriment of the monarch. Tippu looked every inch a gallant prince. He wore a jacket of a light color with fine chintz trowsers and a silken sash of red tinge. On horse back, he wore a coat of red with tiger stripes embroidered with gold, and a turban of a green hue encircled by gold band studded with pearls. A brooch was fastened to the front of the turban from which a plume of rose color was weighed down with the weight of a splendid jewel at its end. An embroidered sword belt siudded with pre- cious stones encircled his waist, in which he carried a hand- some dagger. He was corpulent, fair complexioned and round faced, with large black eyes and an aquiline nose. His coun- tenance was intelligent and he emitted a cruel fierce light from his eyes. He wore a moustache and no beard; he was by religion a Súni. Tippu Sultan was beginning to assume to himself a position co-equal to that of Muhamad the -69 i the storm, and the following inscription in Persian underneath :. "The Fort of Seringapatam, the Gift of God, the 4th May 1799." 0 On the reverse side is the British Line subduing the Tiger, the emblem of the late Tippu Sultan's Government with the period when it was effected and the following words in Arabic on the banner : • Assud ulla il Ghaulib” signifying the Line of God is the Conqueror or the Conquering Line of God. The Inscriptions in Persian and Arabic at the Mosoleum, run to the following effect: In the name of God, the Merciful. Tippu Sultan has become a martyr. His blood was shed in the cause of Allah, on Saturday, the 28th Zikayid 1213. In his death, the world felt a moment- ary shock of the awe of the day of Resurrection. The light of Islams has quitted this earth. Tippu Sultan, the son of Hyder, suffered death in the defence of the faith of Mahamad. In the death of Tippu Sultan, Chivalry and the Sword of the faithful have left this world. Angels in heaven exclaim in admiration : “ Tippu Sultan, the offspring of Hyder, bas become a glorious martyr.” The honor of Hindustan and of Roem (Turkey) is lost in the death of Tippu Sultan. The great king of this world and the defender of Islam's faith has left this world. - o ) 3 The Inscription in Pérsian over the Elephant gateway runs to the following effect : “In the name of God, the Merciful. The Padshaw (Em- peror) began the construction of this fort on Tuesday, the 9th, in the month of Khusraree, in the year Zaburjid 1219, com- mencing from the birth of Mahamad the Prophet, when the heavenly bodies were in auspicious and good conjunction with € 12 10. The Commissioner will be so good as to place this minute upon his records and upon those of the office of the Superintendent, Ashtagram Division, who will consider this building as at all times an object of his special attention. 11. When the separate department of Public Works shall have been organized in Mysore, Colonel Wellesley's house in the Daulat Bagh at Seringapatam will form a separate head of accounts and a separate head in each an- nual report of the Chief Engineer. 12. By this means, I trust that the building with all its memories and associations may long be preserved for the con- templation and reverence of generations to come, (Signed) DALHOUSIE. ANCESTRY OF TIPPU SULTAN. t Wulli Mahammad of the Kureish tribe, (Begat) Sheik Mahammad Ali, (Do ) Mahammad Ilias, ( Do ) Hyder Ali, who had two sons: Tippu Sultan and Karim Khan. Hyder Ali was born in 1701 A, D., 1114 H., at the town of Kolar. Tippu Sultan was born on the 19th November 1749, 20th of Zihuj, 1163 H. (Saturday morning), at Devanhalli. SONS OF TIP PU SULTAN. 1. Hyder Ali Sultan or Futteh Hyder (eldest son) 2. Mohiuddin Sultan. 3. Abdul Khalik Sultan. 4. Moizeiddin Sultan. 5. Subban Sahib Sultan. 6. Shukar Ullah Sultan. 7. Gholam Ahmed Sultan. 8. Gholam Mahamad Sultan. 9. Surwuruddin Sultan. 10. Yasin Sahib Sultan. 11. Jamauddin Sultan. 12. Mauirudin Sultan. 14 Provisions made for the maintenance of the families of Hyder Ali, Khan Bahadur, and of Tippu Sultan, 2,00,000 Star Pagodas, Officers in prison at Seringapatam (10th August 1781.) COLONEL BAILLIE'S DETACHMENT, COLONEL BRAITHWAIT'S DETACHMENT. Colonel Baillie. Colonel Braithwait. Captain Rumley, Captain Judson, Artillery. Do. Baird, 73rd Regt. Lieutenant Eastland. Do. Lucas, died 5th July Do. Lind. 1782. Do. Gillon, Do. Wragg Do. Samson. Do. Grant. Do. Cameron Do. Monteith. Ensign Holmes Lieut, Frasier. Do, Graham. Do. Lindsay, 73rd Regt. Do. Thewles. Do. Butler, died 8th Nov. Do. Kennot. 1783 Do. Gahagan. Do. Loy Do. Massy. Do. McCawley. Do. Chace. Do. Haywood Do. Mackay. Do. Fenwick. Do. Bowen. Do. Turing. Surgeon Whyte. Captain Bowles. Ensign Pictal. Nabob's Do. Moore. Lieut. T. W. Clauman. Do. Coke. Do. McConicby, died 9th Ensign Stuart, killed on the field. July 1782. Do. Stringer Do. Wilson. Do. McAuley. Do. McAlister. Cadet Jno. Baillie. Do. Arch. Hope, died 7th July 1782. Ensign Gordon. Do. Brunton. Lieut. 1. V. Bauman, } Nabobasa 79 1 Explanation of Technical and other Vernacular words and phrases, Vade (word).- A huge stone vessel used for keeping corn. Di !di (ac).-Sally port. Wicket gate. Paile Kille or Haval Kille-Inner fortification. It was built by Tippu in 1793, and demolished by the English in 1800. Donvi and Tinvi Killes. The second and third ramparts of Tippu, built by Hindu Rajas, and which formed the outer fortifications of Tippu. Oharvi Kille.-Fourth rampart running from Daria Daulat Bagh to the bridge uver the southern Cauvery. Mulasthanı. (Bispestoon.—The holy of holies in a temple, or the chief place in a temple, Mula Vigraha. (Bune 88)5) –The chief image in a temple. Garbhasthana. (x28 Five ). — The idol's apartment in a temple. Hutsava Mantapa. (evijas 330837).-An open temple or stone building for images to halt. Adi Sesha. (cafeai).—The serpent that supports the earth upon his thousand heads, and forms both the couch and canopy of Vishnu in the form of Adi Sri Ranganathaswami at Seringapatam, Avatar, USED.-Incarnation. The ten incarnations of Vishnu are :-(1) the fish, (2) the tortoise, (3) the boar, (4) the man lion, (5) the dwarf, (6) Parasu Rama, (7) Raghu Rama, (8) Bala Rama, (9) the Budha, and (10) the Horse. Kalasha. (ter).-A vase. Hulle. 15630%).-(or Hulle Karamelo 70).—The spotted female antelope. Narasimha. (30805). -The incarnation of Vishnu as the man lion. Jangama. (worlás). A Lingayat priest. Gangadhara. (xonado).-Siva or Iswara, who received Ganga or Ganges on his head and retained her in his locks. 80 Devasthana. (Be away). The house of god or temple. Brundavanı, (2,01833) .A raised piece of ground in the yard or front of Brahmin and other higher classes of Hindu houses, within which, the purple stalked basil (Ocynum Sanctum) or Tulasi is planted, preserved and worshipped. As the leaves of Talasi (Ocynum Sanctum) which is a fragrant and sacred shurb, is held sacred unto Vishnu, so the leaves of Bilpatre (Æagle Marmelos) is unto Siva or Iswara. Rathasaptami. (ogle Q30).—The festival held in honor of the sun on the 7th day of the bright half of the month of Magha. Gajendra Moksham, (Re Elephant, sapo Heaven). A place in paradise granted to an elephant by Vishnu, when the elephant in its distress, implored the aid of Vishnu. Vaira Mudi. (@joavad, or aftösacgabo@). The golden crown, embedded with costly gems. Ashta. Eight. Tirtha.-Sacred waters, Pattana.-City. Sri Rangapatna. The city of holy Ranga. Pagoda, --A temple of an Hindu idol. A great Hindu temple. The Vishnu.—The second person of the Hindu Triad. deity of first cause, has resolved into three forms, viz. Brahma, the Creator, Vishnı, the Preserver, and Siva, tho Destroyer, Hosahalli.-Name of a village. Angarahalli.- The village named after Angara' trees, or the place where Angara trees grow. Timmanna.-The name of a Brahman. Hombe.---The name of an harlot, Kadu.-Forest. Gautama.-The name of a great sage. 81 Gautama, Bhrigu, Galava, The great sages who sojourned at Seringapatam. Shuka, Maha Muni.-The great sage. Muni.-A sage, or the supposed head of all evil spirits. Munisvara. Vishnu Vardhana Raya. --The patron of Vishnuvites, or the protector of Vishnupites. Vijiya Nagar. --The city of victory. Deckan. (from ages.)-South. Varaha. (30.)-Pagoda. Nullah.--A large stream of water, Wadier. (Bidosso web0o), )-Lord, Master, the family title of the Rajas of Mysore. Rana Kambha. (dɛa battle, fox pillar).-The war pillar or the pillar of bloodshed. This memorable pillar is dedicated to Josiah Webb, Esq., the 2nd Resident, at the Court of Mysore. (From 1802 to 1804.) The battle which was fought near this pillar on the 9th day of August 1809, gave it the odious name of war pillar or Rana kambha. Majam.-An intoxicating preparation made by ground- ing the leaves of canabis sativa (Indian Hemp) with milk, and adding sugar and aromatic spices. Kapal Durga—Is in the Malvalli Taluk: It is a bill fort used by the Rajas of Mysore as a place of penal transporta- tion. In the days of the Tiger of Mysore, the fort was used for committing dreadful tortures and horrible murders on the men imprisoned there. The notoriety it has earned in former days, is shocking alike to the reader of the history of Mysore, as well as to the peaceable inhabitant. The highest peak in the Karighat hill is 2697 feet above the level of the sea. Khudadad, kingdom, or (Sultan's Government,) the god- granted kingdom or the kingdom granted by (Khuda) god to Tippu Sultan, the Tiger of Mysore. Tukia, -The residence of religious men.