Summary of your 'study carrel' ============================== This is a summary of your Distant Reader 'study carrel'. The Distant Reader harvested & cached your content into a collection/corpus. It then applied sets of natural language processing and text mining against the collection. The results of this process was reduced to a database file -- a 'study carrel'. The study carrel can then be queried, thus bringing light specific characteristics for your collection. These characteristics can help you summarize the collection as well as enumerate things you might want to investigate more closely. This report is a terse narrative report, and when processing is complete you will be linked to a more complete narrative report. Eric Lease Morgan Number of items in the collection; 'How big is my corpus?' ---------------------------------------------------------- 101 Average length of all items measured in words; "More or less, how big is each item?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 60809 Average readability score of all items (0 = difficult; 100 = easy) ------------------------------------------------------------------ 72 Top 50 statistically significant keywords; "What is my collection about?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 36 work 29 Mr. 27 England 26 United 24 man 24 States 24 New 23 York 19 London 17 woman 15 good 14 time 14 day 14 american 13 Union 11 year 11 State 11 Mrs. 11 John 10 Chicago 9 illustration 9 girl 9 William 9 Labor 9 Company 9 Committee 9 Association 8 great 8 South 7 worker 7 wage 7 Workers 7 King 7 General 7 France 7 Commission 6 little 6 West 6 President 6 National 6 Lord 6 Government 6 God 6 America 5 look 5 industry 5 Sunday 5 St. 5 Society 5 Philadelphia Top 50 lemmatized nouns; "What is discussed?" --------------------------------------------- 20977 man 12954 time 12356 work 11938 woman 10544 year 10083 day 6228 wage 5846 people 5458 girl 5208 hand 5190 business 5148 hour 5046 country 4989 case 4878 worker 4842 way 4770 part 4691 trade 4660 place 4596 week 4540 life 4482 company 4143 child 4119 law 4099 number 4045 order 4006 house 4002 condition 3949 fact 3939 class 3937 cent 3922 thing 3914 power 3913 labor 3838 city 3721 railroad 3522 price 3489 industry 3423 land 3401 money 3382 street 3281 state 3273 strike 3163 interest 3155 factory 3138 one 3059 question 2898 machine 2855 union 2855 system Top 50 proper nouns; "What are the names of persons or places?" -------------------------------------------------------------- 28125 _ 10737 A. 10312 Q. 7399 | 5723 Mr. 3730 New 2871 York 2517 States 2489 General 2429 United 2110 England 2105 Union 1702 State 1649 W. 1569 London 1374 Company 1262 South 1197 John 1197 Chicago 1179 Labor 1162 America 1074 Committee 1059 Pittsburgh 1039 Pennsylvania 1012 July 990 J. 949 Sunday 940 American 930 Mrs. 923 H. 919 M. 905 Senator 891 Government 881 Europe 877 Association 868 Commission 867 Saturday 865 C. 863 France 860 Philadelphia 832 Footnote 832 Congress 803 National 803 English 769 William 760 George 756 President 737 St. 737 City 735 McCormick Top 50 personal pronouns nouns; "To whom are things referred?" ------------------------------------------------------------- 53658 it 40860 i 32909 they 29849 he 17399 you 17208 we 16240 them 8874 him 8656 she 6738 me 3694 us 2914 themselves 2460 her 2157 himself 1723 itself 928 one 828 myself 629 herself 311 ourselves 222 yourself 181 ''em 130 yours 118 mine 91 theirs 52 his 50 ''s 44 ours 42 thee 22 hers 17 yourselves 17 oneself 12 em 10 ye 7 thyself 6 o 5 ay 4 yo 4 iv 3 aw 2 you''re 2 theseus 2 hoo''ll 2 hitherto 2 ha 1 £5 1 |them 1 | 1 yo''self 1 yes,--of 1 yer Top 50 lemmatized verbs; "What do things do?" --------------------------------------------- 226093 be 67716 have 27753 do 16750 make 11853 say 11246 go 10009 take 9052 give 9041 come 8438 see 8243 get 7852 know 6872 work 6506 pay 6350 find 5679 think 4047 tell 3977 employ 3843 become 3809 use 3770 call 3533 leave 3457 keep 3451 follow 3437 receive 3328 bring 3212 put 3010 seem 2983 show 2892 look 2872 hold 2670 want 2662 ask 2642 live 2577 begin 2576 carry 2505 stand 2490 send 2485 require 2459 learn 2352 sell 2337 pass 2287 hear 2214 run 2112 meet 2074 write 1947 increase 1946 mean 1932 believe 1850 earn Top 50 lemmatized adjectives and adverbs; "How are things described?" --------------------------------------------------------------------- 40073 not 12104 more 11871 so 10380 other 9191 only 8441 up 7858 out 7803 great 7633 well 7374 good 7162 very 6980 many 6974 then 6713 first 6567 as 6381 now 6290 such 6152 most 6092 much 5838 same 5115 there 4982 little 4933 large 4775 own 4735 even 4637 long 4376 also 3918 down 3888 old 3817 here 3759 few 3601 new 3404 never 3310 far 3246 small 3223 too 3205 less 3169 just 3082 high 3068 general 3044 still 2862 however 2846 on 2786 about 2754 last 2585 all 2538 back 2532 always 2473 whole 2408 in Top 50 lemmatized superlative adjectives; "How are things described to the extreme?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2168 good 1927 most 1297 least 638 great 476 high 390 Most 385 large 356 bad 280 low 129 early 128 slight 121 strong 117 late 112 fine 111 small 100 near 89 poor 76 old 68 young 68 cheap 59 eld 53 simple 52 rich 50 full 48 heavy 45 big 42 able 41 wise 39 deep 36 long 35 noble 35 hard 35 close 32 manif 31 busy 30 wide 28 easy 26 weak 23 keen 23 fit 23 bitter 21 short 21 quick 21 bright 20 pure 19 sure 19 mean 19 happy 18 wild 18 dear Top 50 lemmatized superlative adverbs; "How do things do to the extreme?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4225 most 350 least 303 well 16 hard 6 worst 4 near 4 highest 2 says:-- 2 said:-- 2 long 2 lest 2 fast 1 strongest 1 soon 1 prest 1 new 1 lowliest 1 lowest 1 latest 1 keenest 1 foulest 1 farthest 1 easiest 1 deepest 1 clearest Top 50 Internet domains; "What Webbed places are alluded to in this corpus?" ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 12 www.gutenberg.org 6 www.gutenberg.net 4 archive.org 3 www.archive.org 1 www.mouldingname.info 1 hearth.library.cornell.edu 1 dp.rastko.net 1 digital.library.villanova.edu 1 chla.library.cornell.edu Top 50 URLs; "What is hyperlinked from this corpus?" ---------------------------------------------------- 2 http://archive.org 1 http://www.mouldingname.info/00.html 1 http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60959/60959-h/60959-h.htm 1 http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60959/60959-h.zip 1 http://www.gutenberg.org/files/46977/46977-h/46977-h.htm 1 http://www.gutenberg.org/files/46977/46977-h.zip 1 http://www.gutenberg.org/files/38437/38437-h/38437-h.htm 1 http://www.gutenberg.org/files/38437/38437-h.zip 1 http://www.gutenberg.org/files/35511/35511-h/35511-h.htm 1 http://www.gutenberg.org/files/35511/35511-h.zip 1 http://www.gutenberg.org/files/31118/31118-h/31118-h.htm 1 http://www.gutenberg.org/files/31118/31118-h.zip 1 http://www.gutenberg.org/files/28991/28991-h/28991-h.htm 1 http://www.gutenberg.org/files/28991/28991-h.zip 1 http://www.gutenberg.net/dirs/1/5/5/9/15595/15595-h/15595-h.htm 1 http://www.gutenberg.net/dirs/1/5/5/9/15595/15595-h.zip 1 http://www.gutenberg.net/dirs/1/4/7/9/14798/14798-h/14798-h.htm 1 http://www.gutenberg.net/dirs/1/4/7/9/14798/14798-h.zip 1 http://www.gutenberg.net/dirs/1/4/0/5/14055/14055-h/14055-h.htm 1 http://www.gutenberg.net/dirs/1/4/0/5/14055/14055-h.zip 1 http://www.archive.org/details/womanspartarecor00yate 1 http://www.archive.org/details/romanceofreaper00cass 1 http://www.archive.org 1 http://hearth.library.cornell.edu/cgi/t/text/ 1 http://dp.rastko.net 1 http://digital.library.villanova.edu/) 1 http://chla.library.cornell.edu/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=chla;idno=2936480 1 http://archive.org/details/rationalwagessys00atkirich 1 http://archive.org/details/cu31924083851547 Top 50 email addresses; "Who are you gonna call?" ------------------------------------------------- 2 ccx074@coventry.ac.uk Top 50 positive assertions; "What sentences are in the shape of noun-verb-noun?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 59 work is not 53 women are not 37 women do not 34 men were not 22 men are not 22 men did not 21 business is not 21 girls are not 21 work is very 19 _ is _ 19 men were there 19 work is mostly 17 men do not 17 women are superior 17 work is good 14 people did not 14 time went on 14 women are now 14 work is light 13 man is not 13 people do not 13 work was not 12 day is not 12 time is not 12 women are more 11 _ see also 11 _ was _ 11 business is good 11 women are sometimes 11 women have not 11 work is always 10 children are not 10 men went out 10 men were still 10 people are not 10 people were not 10 wages are not 10 workers are not 9 _ see _ 9 _ work _ 9 company did not 9 girls do not 9 man does not 9 work does not 9 work is all 9 work is hard 8 people were there 8 wages are so 8 women are inferior 8 work goes on Top 50 negative assertions; "What sentences are in the shape of noun-verb-no|not-noun?" --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 13 work is not unhealthy 7 work is not more 5 work is not so 4 women are not so 3 life was not worth 3 men are not so 3 people have not yet 3 time is not distant 3 wages are not only 3 women are not as 3 women are not better 3 women are not generally 3 women have not sufficient 3 work is not only 3 work is not very 2 _ does not _ 2 _ has no longer 2 business is not so 2 business is not unhealthy 2 case is not so 2 companies were not slow 2 life was not merely 2 man is not ashamed 2 men are no more 2 men are not equal 2 men had no further 2 number was no less 2 time was not entirely 2 woman was not at 2 women are not physically 2 women are not usually 2 work was no mere 2 work was not too 1 _ be no question 1 _ being no founders 1 _ did not _ 1 _ had no important 1 _ had not _ 1 _ had not time 1 _ have no limit 1 _ is no disadvantage 1 _ is no longer 1 _ is not after 1 _ is not altogether 1 _ is not now 1 _ make no more 1 _ were not _ 1 business are no doubt 1 business are not suitable 1 business had not yet A rudimentary bibliography -------------------------- id = 43377 author = Adcock, K. J. title = Leather: From the Raw Material to the Finished Product date = keywords = England; FIG; Kingdom; United; american; hide; illustration; leather; machine; material; method; process; skin; tan; tanning summary = year (1914) for converting hides and skins into leather by treating The hides and skins of animals form the principal raw material of stout hides specially suitable for sole and belting leather; this good leather as skins properly tanned in the first instance. of raw hides and skins suitable for leather manufacture. main supply of raw material for leather, other kinds of hides and of iron which is inimical to both raw hides and leather in process If dressing hides and calf skins required for boot upper leather are of light skins, leather produced solely by means of artificial tannin finished for "raw hide leather" may be left in the pits quite a It is a good method of liming hides or skins dressed in the the sole leather was tanned in oak bark liquors, and, in the later and other heavy leathers, vegetable tanned light skins, such as calf, id = 4529 author = Allen, Grant title = Biographies of Working Men date = keywords = Bath; Edward; England; Garfield; George; Gibson; Herschel; Liverpool; London; Millet; Mr.; Rome; Stephenson; Tam; Telford; William; man; work summary = and learn how men and masons went about their work in the busy centres Fully to describe the great work which the mature engineer constructed memorials of Telford''s great and useful life; impossible to read the invention, like all other great inventions, was not the work of one day Killingworth some day and see my engine at work," said Stephenson, From the day that Gibson arrived at man''s estate, the great dream of help regretting when he saw other men turning out work of such great works), at a paying price, too, which was a great point for the young certainly started in life far better equipped than most working men''s Hard as he worked, little Francois'' time was not entirely taken up with great painter." He accepted Millet as his pupil; and the young man set inventions and engineering works; or, again, like Herschel and and began life in earnest as a working man. id = 6492 author = Allen, Grant title = Biographies of Working Men date = keywords = Bath; Edward; England; Garfield; George; Gibson; Herschel; Liverpool; London; Millet; Mr.; Rome; Stephenson; Tam; Telford; William; great; man; work summary = learn how men and masons went about their work in the busy centres of Fully to describe the great work which the mature engineer constructed memorials of Telford''s great and useful life; impossible to read the great inventions, was not the work of one day or one man. day and see my engine at work," said Stephenson, confidently; "and if humble origin--working men who have introduced great improvements in From the day that Gibson arrived at man''s estate, the great dream of help regretting when he saw other men turning out work of such great certainly started in life far better equipped than most working men''s Hard as he worked, little Francois'' time was not entirely taken up with town, where he was able to do three hours'' work out of school time inventions and engineering works; or, again, like Herschel and and began life in earnest as a working man. id = 36870 author = Anonymous title = Cotton, Its Progress from the Field to the Needle Being a brief sketch of the culture of the plant, its picking, cleaning, packing, shipment, and manufacture date = keywords = DICK; cotton; illustration summary = general use, or of greater practical value, than sewing-cotton. bring to its present perfection the simple article of sewing-cotton. The cotton-planting season in all the Southern States commences in The cotton plant, in its progress towards maturity, is liable to the cotton fields, when viewed from a short distance, present the appearance value of our cotton exports was increased in sixty years from fifty After the "ginning" comes the "baling" of the cotton, which ends the SONS'' celebrated sewing-cotton mills at Glasgow are principally derived. [Illustration: DICK & SONS'' CLYDE THREAD-MILLS.] supplied with the most perfect, even, and tenacious sewing-cotton made Manufactured Article in New York. The consignments of DICK & SONS'' spool-cotton to this city are on a to say, that DICK & SONS'' _six-cord spool-cotton_ is the best in the sewing-cotton, also well known in the United States. than sewing-cotton. Abolish sewing-cotton, To this ordeal the six-cord cotton-thread of DICK & SONS is cheerfully id = 60959 author = Anonymous title = John Chinaman on the Rand date = keywords = Africa; Chinaman; Government; Johannesburg; Kaffir; Lord; Lyttelton; Mr.; Ordinance; Rand; South; Transvaal; chinese summary = white labour for surface work on the mines, I have consulted the large number of white men employed on the Rand in the position of to labour on the mines, for that work was only fit for Chinamen; Even if white labour was economically possible the Rand lords of indentured Chinese labourers into the Transvaal Colony until the stated that if a colony desired Chinese labour it was not for the to every Chinese labourer recruited from his native land the Ordinance mines, the Rand lords have urged on the white overseers to force the principle of importing Chinese labour into the Transvaal it would be The British Government wanted Chinese labour to be introduced into the Government in sanctioning the Chinese Labour Ordinance. working of the mines by the Chinese in South Africa was slavery; but The introduction of Chinese labour into the Rand on the top of all id = 46977 author = Atkinson, Henry title = A Rational Wages System Some Notes on the Method of Paying the Worker a Reward for Efficiency in Addition to Wages date = keywords = Reward; System; efficiency; time; wage; worker summary = in higher wages with better conditions of work, and if the worker does this work a good average worker is chosen, and he is paid time and a Now, suppose for some reason a worker takes longer than reward time to worker is in the works he earns his day wage, and in this respect the continuously high efficiency; that is why time study and reward methods wages are 20s., the reward when the work reaches standard efficiency efficient as possible, reward begins when the worker reaches 75 per efficient as possible, reward begins when the worker reaches 75 per Let us assume that a worker is 6 hours on this work, and in that time If the standard time for a job be 12 hours, and the worker does it in takes the reward time of 16 hours to do the job; his efficiency is (12 id = 21837 author = Baker, Charles Whiting title = Monopolies and the People date = keywords = Monopolies; New; Oil; States; United; York; competition; control; great; law; man; monopoly; price; public; trust; work summary = question at issue; but as regards trusts, monopolies in trade, mining, actual facts with regard to monopolies of every sort and the competition examine the effects of competition and monopoly in other industries. attempts to establish a monopoly to control their price through the coal trade has long been a monopoly in the hands of the Oregon Railway monopolies in mineral products and manufactured goods, known generally competition which was to reduce manufacturers'' profits and the price of holds good that the price of labor is governed by the law of supply and monopolies of trade are generally unable to raise prices far above their supply of goods made or men allowed to work; and if the price were to be operation of trusts in manufacturing industries and of monopolies in that combinations to restrict competition and establish a monopoly were people at large the benefit of the monopoly by basing the prices for its id = 14117 author = Barker, C. Hélène title = Wanted, a Young Woman to Do Housework: Business principles applied to housework date = keywords = A.M.; P.M.; day; employee; hour; work summary = employees who come each day to their work and return to their homes she has household employees who come to her house each day, just as other employees go each day to their place of employment. many hours a day she must work, but when a woman is engaged to fill a A household employee ought to have her hours of work as clearly defined woman who wished to obtain a domestic employee for general housework. necessary to show how much better a household employee will work after due to household employees for the extra long hours of work frequently each employee one and a half times as much per hour for extra work as week, on the day the employee was off duty, to do the family washing and employee, whose working hours were arranged thus: when one engages household employees on an eight hour schedule, and when id = 35275 author = Beeks, James C. title = 30,000 Locked Out: The Great Strike of the Building Trades in Chicago date = keywords = Association; Bricklayers; Builders; Chicago; Council; Masons; Master; President; Union summary = Master Masons and the Union, requesting them to appoint committees to Chicago Master Masons'' and Builders'' Association, and who are fully Chicago Master Masons'' and Builders'' Association--shall be Committee of the Chicago Master Masons'' and Builders'' Association. have a right to refuse to work with non-union men, and to quit any they wanted the union employes in all other trades, working on the same work by President Vorkeller, of the union, because, he said, the rule said union, which is that none shall work in Chicago at their committee of the Master Masons'' association and made its demand for the Masons'' association in the present building trade strike to be Notice.--The members of the Master Masons'' association now working The executive committee of the Master Masons'' association busied itself JOSEPH DOWNEY, President Master Masons'' Association, Chicago: On president of the Chicago Master Masons'' and Builders'' association The Bricklayers'' union and the Master Masons'' association met and id = 29258 author = Bradley, Harriett title = The Enclosures in England: An Economic Reconstruction date = keywords = Ballard; Black; Death; England; Ibid; Levett; Science; University; century; enclosure; land; pasture; price; wool summary = tenants--Higher rents from enclosed land another reason--Poverty of their land and convert the arable fields to sheep pasture. common-field land had been exhausted by centuries of cultivation. enclosure movement is explained not by a change in the price of wool, purposes, also, the notice of enclosure of arable land for pasture on conversion of arable land to pasture in the fifteenth and sixteenth High wages at this time caused the conversion of some land to pasture, conversion of arable land to pasture ceased when this cause ceased to conversion of open-field land to pasture continued throughout the their tenements, the enclosure of arable land for pasture in the Leaving aside the enclosure and conversion of common-field land by the fact that much pasture land was plowed and planted in this period. conversion of arable land to pasture continued at a time when much of the enclosure and conversion to pasture of arable land in the id = 39291 author = Bray, Reginald Arthur title = Boy Labour and Apprenticeship date = keywords = Act; Board; Children; Committee; Council; County; Education; Labour; Law; London; Poor; Report; Sect; State; boy; school summary = employment of children under the age of fourteen as "lather boys" in employment makes the total number of hours worked more than the full time Training that shall fit a boy for a trade is of two kinds, general and and inquiries on the subject carried out by the London County Council, Mr. Cyril Jackson''s report on boy labour presented to the Poor Law Commission, the great majority of boys from leaving school till the age of fourteen is in the elementary schools about 70,000 boys eleven years of age and child labour below twelve years of age, and during school life regulate it OCCUPATIONS OF BOYS ON LEAVING SCHOOL IN (1) LONDON, (2) LARGE URBAN AND Employment of Children Act. The second stage of apprenticeship covers the years between the ages of Let us take now the case of a boy who, on leaving school, finds employment Boys: employment of, at school, 103-113, 151-155; id = 36432 author = Bruère, Robert W. (Robert Walter) title = The Coming of Coal date = keywords = America; Association; Commission; Illinois; Pennsylvania; States; United; Workers; coal; industry; man; miner summary = coal industry as a whole and of the relation it bears to the national With eleven thousand coal mines in operation, the engines of the nation a manufacturing nation, the coal industry acquired a measure of So in the coal industry, the miners organized slowly, Association, an attempt to buy coal lands to be operated by the miners, upon the coal industry the character of an essential public service production and price of bituminous coal, they organized the National The by-products of coal can play an important part in the fuel industry. miners, who are the commoners of the coal industry. the service of the coal industry to the nation, Senators Calder, necessary providing for the nationalization of the coal mining industry the Bituminous Coal Industry in the United States. Coal Industry Commission $History of the Coal Miners of the United States, from the Development id = 42589 author = Burgoyne, Arthur Gordon title = Homestead A Complete History of the Struggle of July, 1892, between the Carnegie-Steel Company, Limited, and the Amalgamated Association of Iron and Steel Workers date = keywords = Amalgamated; Association; Carnegie; Clifford; Company; Critchlow; Dempsey; Frick; Gallagher; General; Homestead; Hugh; John; July; Mr.; O''Donnell; Pennsylvania; Pinkerton; Pittsburgh; Sheriff; William; illustration; man summary = Homestead men Traitors--Carnegie in Scotland 189-208 The men who drove the sheriff''s deputies out of Homestead in 1889 property as well as the exclusion from Homestead of non-union men, said, "the Homestead steel works will be operated as a non-union mill. Pinkerton men are held by the labor unions to underrate the import of The removal of the Pinkertons allowed the men of Homestead to rest for On this same day a large force of non-union men reported at the Carnegie Carnegie Company and its men might have been adjusted, had Mr. Frick men of Homestead had no legal right to resist the Pinkerton invasion and The Pinkerton chief described the men sent to Homestead as the Homestead men to oppose the landing of the Pinkertons, and ended by that if Mr. Frick had not sent the Pinkertons to Homestead there would the non-union men at Homestead. id = 36004 author = Burns, W. F. title = The Pullman Boycott: A Complete History of the R.R. Strike date = keywords = American; Chicago; Debs; General; Howard; Island; Kernan; Mr.; Page; President; Pullman; Railway; States; Union; United; Worthington; Wright summary = an order to strike if the company insisted on them switching the Pullman As a prominent railroad man said when asked about the strike situation: the American Railway Union can demonstrate the fact that Pullman cars thousand men on strike in the city of Chicago, and not one act of has more railroad men than any state in the Union, but as a rule they the work of members of the American Railway Union, or in fact of employe of the same railroad, brought a lot of non-union men to a majority of the American Railway Union men upon each road upon which action of the Pullman company was reported to the American Railway Union men on roads other than those using Pullmans to go on strike?" Commissioner Wright: "Have you applied to the Pullman company for work order of 150,000 men composing the American Railway Union, the members id = 15204 author = Campbell, Helen title = Women Wage-Earners: Their Past, Their Present, and Their Future date = keywords = Assistant; Boston; Bureau; Deputy; England; Factory; Inspector; Labor; London; Massachusetts; Mr.; New; States; United; Working; York; condition; die; report; wage; woman; work; worker; year summary = GENERAL CONDITIONS AMONG WAGE-EARNING WOMEN IN THE the day was made ten hours for working women and young persons between the subject of ''Working-Women, their Trades, Wages, Home and Social lives, and general conditions for working-women. and the condition of women and child workers in factories and workshops factories it was found that 2,565 women and 1,227 children were at work factories there is a small proportion of women and children, working at GENERAL CONDITIONS AMONG WAGE-EARNING WOMEN IN THE UNITED STATES. women and girls are engaged in factory work, and ten thousand wages and all the hardship resulting, working women and girls as a whole working-women form a large proportion of the numbers who fill houses of Report, "Working Women in Large Cities":-The general conditions of working-women in New York retail stores were Working Women in Large Cities: Report of the United States Department of United States, Labor Bureau Reports on working-women, 124. id = 28245 author = Campbell, Helen title = Prisoners of Poverty Abroad date = keywords = CHAPTER; East; End; England; London; Nan; New; Orlando; Paris; Polly; West; York; day; english; french; woman; work; worker summary = With the ending of the set of studies among the working-women of New good wages, steady work and some chance of bettering conditions. Not one, if the day''s work must mean labor in its most exhausting form; and sixpence the two, and they work fifteen and sixteen hours a day." best in long days of work, never less than twelve hours, the average them give time, after the long day''s work is done, to attempts at girl in one of the best-known shops of London--a great bazar, much like women who earn in working London; nor are there indications that the "In a good day, madame," said the woman, "we can earn three francs. thinks of a larger life as possible, or wonders why women who work more those better days for which we work and hope. WOMEN WAGE-WORKERS: THEIR TRADES AND THEIR LIVES. and best work, called "Prisoners of Poverty," on women wage-workers id = 34060 author = Campbell, Helen title = Prisoners of Poverty: Women Wage-Workers, Their Trades and Their Lives date = keywords = CHAPTER; Campbell; Grossvater; Lotte; Mrs.; New; Rose; Street; York; american; cent; day; girl; good; life; place; time; woman; work; year summary = conditions among working-women soon discovers that workers divide came, and went home with the look that is on her face to-day. "It''s a good-looking place," the girl said doubtfully. him through his last year of life, working all day and nursing him at never loved her work, and liked better to chatter with the other women Lotte said to herself that his earning days were nearly over, and worked place as cash-girl and earned two dollars a week, and Lisa was promised "They like it better," said the business manager of the great firm long as the sewing-women must work fourteen hours daily they will remain week; but the best woman had ten dollars, and she had worked five years week''s wages in her pocket on which to live till work should be found, girls that''s breaking things and half doing the work. "I like house-work," she said. id = 32702 author = Casson, Herbert Newton title = The Romance of the Reaper date = keywords = Chicago; Company; Cyrus; Deering; Farmer; Harvester; International; Marsh; New; States; United; Whiteley; William; american; man; reaper summary = make three hundred harvesting machines every working day--one every two "When I first went into the harvest field," so an Illinois farmer told me, Fifty-five years of American Independence went by before the first reaper force his reaper upon the unwilling labourers of the harvest fields. He was making reapers when William Deering was five years old, and before "McCormick was the first man to make the reaper a success in the field," billions a year, if the reaper had not enriched the farmers and sent half Fifty years ago two young farmers named Marsh were cutting grain near the same table, in the new International Harvester Company, of Chicago. "I paid $200 for a self-binding harvester twenty-five years ago," said a it were not for the eleven million man-power of her American harvesters, If the American Farmer went out of business this year he could clean up id = 41953 author = Casson, Herbert Newton title = Cyrus Hall McCormick: His Life and Work date = keywords = Chicago; Cyrus; England; John; London; McCormick; New; Reaper; States; United; Virginia; West; William; York; american; grain; illustration; man; wheat; year summary = AN EARLY ADVERTISEMENT FOR McCORMICK''S PATENT VIRGINIA REAPER 64 "Mrs. McCormick came riding by our farm one day," said an aged neighbor, The next year, 1832, Cyrus McCormick came out with his Reaper into what Cyrus McCormick was far from being the first to secure a Reaper patent. Cyrus Hall McCormick invented the Reaper. In 1831 Cyrus McCormick had his Reaper, but the great world knew nothing At the time that he began to build his Chicago factory, Cyrus McCormick manufacture McCormick Reapers and sell them to the farmers. their prosperity from the day when a McCormick Reaper arrived in all the "There were ten men working in my wheat-field in the old days," said an reaping machine like Mr. McCormick''s, to clear out twenty acres of wheat In 1884 McCormick died, at that time of the year when wheat is being McCormick and the other Reaper manufacturers to sell machines to the id = 42187 author = Catholic Colonization Bureau title = Catholic Colonization in Minnesota Revised Edition date = keywords = County; Iowa; Minnesota; Paul; St.; State; acre; catholic; land; man; year summary = To-day this man owns four hundred acres of improved land, in a circle sixty acres of government land in Fillmore county, Minnesota. to be done for those coming to the Catholic colonies of Minnesota. The Catholic immigrant coming now to Minnesota will not be subject to making a home on land in Minnesota, plenty of hard work, and the best of another page, Minnesota with only 3,000,000 acres of her land under year, 1850, she had under cultivation 1,900 acres of land. over twenty bushels of wheat to the acre; a fact creditable to the land, We have now come down to the harvest and the second year on the land price of lands in Swift County Colony is $6.50 per acre; the actual cash State; the largest of these farms adjoins the colony lands of St. Adrian. The price of lands in the colony are from $5 to $6.50 per acre, on the id = 10725 author = Chaplin, Ralph title = The Centralia Conspiracy date = keywords = American; Armistice; Centralia; Day; Everest; Grimm; Hubbard; I.W.W.; Industrial; Labor; Smith; Union; Washington; Workers; World; illustration; man summary = four American Legion men by members of the Industrial Workers of the World Legion men were attempting to raid the union hall when they were killed. There is only one body of men in the Northwest who would hate a union hall loggers, organized in the Industrial Workers of the World, had started a unoffending paraders" on Armistice Day. Centralia in appearance is a creditable small American city--the kind of the raid on the Union Hall in Centralia on Armistice Day--and who the lumber interests when they raided the Union hall in 1918. The raid of 1918 did not weaken the lumber workers'' Union in Centralia. A few days before the hall was raided Elmer Smith called at Grimm''s office Merriman by name, that the business men were organizing to raid the hall Centralia an organization of business men to combat this new labor id = 44396 author = Clopper, Edward Nicholas title = Child Labor in City Streets date = keywords = A.M.; Chicago; Child; Children; Committee; Employment; Labor; New; P.M.; Report; States; United; Vol; York; street; work summary = state child labor laws, because to engage in such work children have children in street occupations; as in the great majority of cities and even greater force to the work of children in our city streets. law the School Committee is authorized to regulate street trading by A fourteen-year-old messenger boy in another city who works from 6 street-trading laws in the United States, it places the age limit at boys may not engage in the street trades to twelve years, and making street trading as an employment of children of school age. school until fourteen years of age, where the number of child street did not work after school hours, or frequent the streets as newspaper than 57 of these boys had been engaged in street work--43 as newsboys, time made by-laws to regulate street trading by children. old by-laws prohibited street trading by children under sixteen years id = 39095 author = Cloud, D. C. title = Monopolies and the People date = keywords = CHAPTER; City; Credit; Iowa; Justice; Missouri; Mobilier; Mr.; New; Pacific; Sioux; States; Union; United; Wall; York; company; government; people; power; railroad summary = provisions of this act, issue to said company bonds of the United States the Kansas railroads have cost the people of that state and the public find members of congress voting government aid to railroad companies in railroad company incorporated by a state government, which are withheld congress had no constitutional right to create railroad corporations, railroads receiving subsidies in land, government, state, county, and people or railroad corporations shall govern, must be determined. the power of the states and general government under the constitution; railroad corporations were private companies, and in all of the states power upon the supreme court, save when the state law or constitution railroad companies, and that there was no law of the state authorizing railroad companies in the United States whose roads cost $2,456,230,000, States, and that railroad companies are private, and not public. United States government assume control of railroad corporations. id = 46104 author = Collier, Dorothy Josephine title = The Girl in Industry date = keywords = Trade; Union; Welfare; girl; hour; industry; work summary = effects of industrial work on the health and physique of adolescent condition of young girls who take up industrial work between the ages the pressure of war work are affecting the general health of girls. etc., among girls working long hours. physically; thus the worker at one Club said that the girls working same witness said that when any girls were working 1-1/2 hours over health among girls working 8 or 9 hours a day is quite satisfactory, One witness pointed out that when work starts at 8 A.M. many girls industrial work for a reasonable number of hours has no ill-effects, girls under 16 always stop work at 6 P.M. after a 9-3/4-hour day, while suiting the work to the capacity of young workers, the girls have to of girls who have not taken up industrial work until 15 or 16; these Witnesses from mills that do not employ girls in mule-room work were id = 10808 author = Consumers'' League of New York City title = Consumers'' Cooperative Societies in New York State date = keywords = Cooperative; League; New; York; business summary = CONSUMERS'' COOPERATIVE SOCIETIES IN NEW YORK STATE CONSUMERS'' COOPERATIVE SOCIETIES IN NEW YORK STATE the same year the German cooperative societies were two million seven has been made of the total business of all these cooperative groups, but in 1921 the five largest cooperative societies among the city consumers, The Utica Cooperative Society was organized in 1915 by a group of $1,250 to start, they bought out a private store and began cooperative Cooperative Cafeteria in New York City the first thing that would strike The Village Cooperative Society, Inc. After nearly two years of discussion and meetings and after long business manager who had an intense interest in cooperation was hired to A thriving business was being done by still another cooperative store in organized under the Cooperative Law, such promoters have to be HOW TO START A COOPERATIVE ENTERPRISE IN NEW YORK STATE Consumers'' Cooperation in New York City. id = 29065 author = Cramer, Andreas Wilhelm title = Bremen Cotton Exchange, 1872/1922 date = keywords = America; Bremen; Cotton; Exchange; german; market summary = suitable foundation in the Law. ORIGIN OF THE BREMEN COTTON EXCHANGE. cotton requires a certain connection with the actual business activity, When the cotton market started to develop in Bremen, most of the hours of the "future" markets, large quantities of cotton contracts price of cotton, while his goods are being prepared for the market? Anybody who sells new crop cotton, buys a "future" contract as cotton and the "future" contract, and pays the price of the day. the rules of the Bremen Cotton Exchange, this is most important, as the Of great importance in the cotton trade is the business for future With the growth of the industry in Germany, the Bremen cotton trade important cotton market in Bremen, the war would have furnished it. The Cotton Exchange does not trade, but under the war-conditions and in the importance of Bremen''s cotton trade, with due consideration to the id = 7213 author = Crowther, Samuel title = My Life and Work date = keywords = Company; Detroit; England; Ford; Model; Motor; States; United; american; business; car; day; good; man; money; price; production; time; work; year summary = without too big and heavy a power plant required that the engine work will waste a great deal of time in makeshifts as the work goes on and whether the man who works always, who never leaves his business, who is work out the design and some of the methods of manufacture of a new car. operations--those men do the work that three times their number formerly else, gets through five times as much work in a day as those twelve men We do not want any hard, man-killing work about the place, and there is work, well managed, ought to result in high wages and low living costs. units of energy a man uses in a productive day''s work? A business is men and machines united in the production of a The time for a business man to borrow money, if ever, is when he does id = 44966 author = Cunningham, W. (William) title = Craft Gilds date = keywords = Coventry; craft; gild; time summary = craft gilds in their later days were contaminated by this lower view industry, and speak chiefly of the craft gilds of Coventry. The objects and powers of mediæval craft gilds. There were weavers'' gilds also in a considerable number of other towns Institutions analogous to craft gilds appear to have existed in some craft gilds springing up--they were called into being, like the old King John, is the Bakers'' Gild at Coventry; it still consists of men In looking more closely at the powers of mediæval craft gilds, it is thing about a craft gild was that it had been empowered to exercise municipal authorities on the other; (2) between one craft gild and another; (3) between different members of a craft gild. Master of the craft gild; and strict regulations were laid down by the The disappearance of the craft gilds appears to have been seventeenth century differ from the craft gilds of the fifteenth, id = 30731 author = Darrow, Clarence title = Industrial Conspiracies date = keywords = States; United; applause; laughter summary = The earth is moving, the universe is working, all the laws of creation The earth is moving, the universe is working, all the laws of creation The conspiracy laws in England were especially used against working men to come together and form a labor organization in England was a the United States for the Supreme Court to say what the law meant. conspiracy in restraint of trade, the Supreme Court said this law did Supreme Court is made up of old men, and they have got lots of time to jail; and it was passed to protect the working man and the consumer of the industrial conspiracies, and the people who own all the earth When we pass laws to keep men and women from working it ought to show So if you want to pass some important law, let''s see what you have to id = 34012 author = Debs, Eugene V. (Eugene Victor) title = Labor and Freedom: The Voice and Pen of Eugene V. Debs date = keywords = Anthony; Brown; Bryan; Coppock; Jesus; John; Roosevelt; Socialist; States; Theodore; United; class; democratic; man; party; republican; work; worker summary = party is the economic organization of the working class. terms and cast a united vote for the party of their class as the forces working class politics that there is between capitalism and Socialism. to perpetuate class rule and the Socialist party organized and financed and for the first time the Socialists of the United States have a party In the name of the workers the Socialist party condemns the capitalist capitalist parties, creating a new issue, and driving the working class Socialist party the working class. the capitalist class character of the Republican and Democratic parties working class in this campaign and the only party that has a moral right The Socialist party being the political expression of the rising working The economic organization and the political party of the working class workers come in the Socialist party. The working class is in politics this year. id = 2052 author = Defoe, Daniel title = Everybody''s Business Is Nobody''s Business Or, Private Abuses, Public Grievances; Exemplified in the Pride, Insolence, and Exorbitant Wages of Our Women, Servants, Footmen, &c. date = keywords = family; good; maid; servant; wage summary = In the Pride, Insolence, and exorbitant Wages of our Women, Servants, their dress; nay, very often the maid shall be much the finer of the two. the servant is sure to pick a hole in the person''s coat who shall not pay a maid shall have eight pounds per annum in a gentleman''s or merchant''s This custom of warning, as practised by our maid-servants, is now become wages, makes a mutiny among the men-servants, and puts them upon raising their wages too; so that in a little time our servants will become our of which such maid-servants, who have lived in that parish seven years in servant-maid; she, not knowing me, asked for my sister; pray, madam, said In great families, indeed, where many servants are required, those good reasons indeed when they object against giving a servant his or her servant, who among other things is to clean his master''s shoes; but our id = 15595 author = Dickson, Marguerite title = Vocational Guidance for Girls date = keywords = Bros.; Brown; New; Photograph; Underwood; York; child; girl; home; illustration; life; school; teacher; training; woman; work summary = office, the children to school, the mother either to work outside the If all girls grew up in ideal homes, it seems probable that homemaking after year of the girl''s school life, this study offers the strongest The special work of the church in training the girl is necessarily the child comes first at school usually knows so little of the home The little girl of primary-school age points the way for both teacher boys and with other girls, both at home and at school. knowledge as an important and serious part of woman''s work, girls will Any consideration of the subject of girls'' work outside the home or The girl''s school record will usually show her best work with Girls who enter upon office work directly from high school must be THE GIRL''S WORK (Continued)--VOCATIONS AS AFFECTING HOMEMAKING work the high-school girl who has specialized in her training may make id = 29915 author = Dyer, B. W. (Benjamin Wheeler) title = About sugar buying for jobbers How you can lessen business risks by trading in refined sugar futures date = keywords = Exchange; Sugar; York summary = futures on the New York Coffee and Sugar Exchange, Inc., throws open a You hedge by buying or owning actual sugar, and "selling short" in the about the market price at the time they dispose of their sugar, sugar cost at the market price at the time when you received it (or at figure your sugar cost at the market price. HEDGING _to protect a gain on a favorable purchase of actual sugar_. 1. Jobbers who believe that the market price of Sugar is going Exchange contract and buy actual sugar, the price may have gone up to sell your futures and buy your actual sugar at about the same price. The time to buy actual sugar is generally when the market becomes Buying of Sugar Futures to protect profits on advance sales to sell your futures at 8.00, go into the market and buy actual sugar for id = 17306 author = Engels, Friedrich title = The Condition of the Working-Class in England in 1844 with a Preface written in 1892 date = keywords = Bill; Birmingham; Children; Commission; Corn; Dr.; Employment; England; Evidence; Ireland; Lancashire; Law; Laws; Leeds; London; Manchester; Parliament; Poor; Report; Scotland; St.; Street; Sunday; Town; Union; english; irish; man; work; worker summary = especially of the means of living of the working-class; the reduction subjects affecting the working-class, the Poor Relief Bill, the Factory representative of the working-men in the House of Commons, was the great the back alleys, prevails largely in the great working-men''s district properly speaking, is one great working-people''s district, the condition the Medlock, in Manchester proper, lies a second great working-men''s condition of the working-class," six times repeated in Manchester. the English working-class lives, it is time to draw some further This report gives evidence of ignorance in the working-class of England, The great mortality among children of the working-class, and especially places the children of the working-class under unfavourable conditions, employers disregard the law, shorten the meal times, work children longer relations, men, women, and children work in the mines, in many cases, Dr. Kay confuses the working-class in general with the factory workers, id = 27519 author = Feis, Herbert title = The Settlement of Wage Disputes date = keywords = Britain; Commission; Court; Great; Industrial; States; United; earner; group; industry; policy; price; wage summary = out a wage policy for industrial peace in the United States. which the product of industry might be shared among the wage earners and industrial leaders and of the more skilled groups of wage earners. separate the wage earners from the groups controlling industry; they for any practicable policy of wage settlement for industrial peace will 2.--The distribution of the product of industry between the wage earners relatively separate groups of wage earners, with different levels of The lag of wages behind prices varies in degree in different industries productivity of industry (a possibility always to be considered), wage cost of living of the wage earners may change in a different measure, or the wage levels established in different industries or occupations will see how they can work out principles of wage settlement for any industry prices, the movements of the wage earners from industry, or from id = 3799 author = Fisher, Joseph, F.R.H.S. title = Landholding in England date = keywords = Cap; Crown; Edward; Elizabeth; England; FREEMEN; HOMINES; Henry; King; LIBERI; Norman; Romans; VIII; William; law summary = Sir William Blackstone places the possession of land upon a different tenures, says: "The first English king divided the land into four parts. FREEMEN shall have and hold their lands and possessions in hereditary William I., yet it does not follow that the king took all the lands of years, the King retained the lands till the heir attained the age of holding lands of the king by knight''s service in chief were authorized Persons holding lands of the king by Persons holding lands of the king by according to common law in like manner as lands held by knight''s Land, arose the system of POOR LAWS. The changes effected in the land laws of England during the reigns of the claim which is set up of property in land, but the following law of likely to effect any great alteration in the land laws. id = 36032 author = Foster, William Z. title = The Great Steel Strike and its Lessons date = keywords = Amalgamated; Association; Chicago; Committee; Corporation; Gary; Labor; Mr.; National; Pennsylvania; Pittsburgh; President; September; State; Steel; Trust; United; Workers; strike summary = Committee for Organizing Iron and Steel Workers voted to permit the To trade-union organizers the steel industry Steel and Tin Workers, considerable organization existed among the men war the situation in the steel industry, from a trade-union point of inaugurate thereat a national campaign to organize the steel workers. At the same meeting the National Committee for Organizing Iron and Steel the National Committee for Organizing Iron and Steel Workers moved its Committee for Organizing Iron and Steel Workers called a general National Committee for Organizing Iron and Steel Workers, the following National Committee for Organizing Iron and Steel Workers to National Committee for Organizing Iron and Steel Workers to National Committee for Organizing Iron and Steel Workers to National Committee for Organizing Iron and Steel Workers to National Committee for Organizing Iron and Steel Workers to office of the National Committee for Organizing Iron and Steel Workers; id = 14562 author = Godkin, James title = The Land-War in Ireland: A History for the Times date = keywords = Armagh; Castle; Catholics; Connaught; Derry; Dublin; Earl; Elizabeth; England; English; Froude; God; Government; Henry; Hertfort; Ireland; James; John; King; London; Lord; Lough; Mr.; O''Neill; Pale; Protestants; Queen; Shane; Shirley; Sir; Society; Spain; Sussex; Trench; Tyrconnel; Tyrone; Ulster; footnote; irish summary = Irish Tenant League, which held great county meetings in most parts of lands of the O''Neills, ''_but held by tenants having estates in them rents the tenants of said lands were accustomed to pay, but they found had a number of tenants, who held their lands ''by lease of years for righting men among the Irish was continued till 1629, when the lord lord deputy, giving to his work the title, ''The Overthrow of an Irish and, as we have seen, the lord deputy promised the people ''estates'' in the Irish nation, all English and Protestants having lands there, who 1641''--the very year in which the Irish Houses of Lords and Commons with the working of the Irish land system, for he had been many years large proportion of the Irish House of Lords consisted of men who were large estates, and as a landlord, on the Irish land question. id = 29048 author = Guaranty Trust Company of New York title = The Fabric of Civilization A Short Survey of the Cotton Industry in the United States date = keywords = Cotton; England; New; South; States; United; York; american; illustration summary = growth of the cotton industry of the United States, in its more important time, before cotton became a staple, when the South led New England in fiber is short, and the mills of the country import more raw cotton, find that the great raw cotton markets of the United States are in New mills as a rule operate on certain specified grades of cotton, and any The large cotton buyers purchase for the account of mills, for exporters, The great cotton markets of the world are those of New York and New of the Exchange, "futures." The Liverpool Cotton Market is both a great Then there are a great number of cotton mills, many of them of very large operation, and selling the cotton directly to a local buyer and the seed The normal position of the United States as an exporter of cotton goods id = 35511 author = Gulick, Sidney Lewis title = Working Women of Japan date = keywords = Japan; Mr.; Omoto; West; christian; class; factory; girl; home; japanese; woman; work summary = industrial condition and the characteristics of Japanese working women, In her excellent work on _Japanese Girls and Women_ Miss Bacon writing steam power, and the great factory system, taking girls and young women As already stated, many girls prefer factory work to that of domestic part of her time for fifteen years to work among factory girls, and on number of years show that out of every 1,000 girls, 270 work less than factory work 23 die within one year of their return to their homes, and of the girls who leave home for factory work never return. conditions of the working women of Japan, in the next chapter I give the [Illustration: MATSUYAMA WORKING GIRLS'' HOME One man remarked that the girls in the Home do better work majority of these girls lived and worked at the time when our Home was moral and religious conditions of the working girls of Japan, and is a id = 41181 author = Hall, John A. title = The Great Strike on the "Q" date = keywords = Brotherhood; Burlington; Chicago; Committee; Grand; Master; Mr. summary = time, the locomotive engineers on various roads throughout the country All engineers and firemen of work trains or helpers to be paid 3. Engineers and firemen on suburban trains between Chicago The Rock Island road pays its engineers on all of its passenger trains The Quincy road pays its freight engineer on the 101-mile run from Galva few of the engineers and firemen are locomotive men, but the majority corporation, a meeting of yard engineers, firemen and switchmen was held troubles existing between the striking Brotherhood of Engineers, Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers to the Burlington road? the time of the strike was taken into the Brotherhood of Engineers. striking engineers, firemen and switchmen do hereby appoint the Committee of the Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers. draft today to pay the men at Chicago, both engineers and switchmen The striking engineers and firemen at Chicago also advised this course id = 11424 author = Henry, Alice title = The Trade Union Woman date = keywords = American; Board; Boston; Chicago; Federation; International; Knights; Labor; League; Mary; Miss; Mr.; Mrs.; National; New; Philadelphia; States; Trade; Union; United; Women; Workers; York; girl; man; work summary = This brief account of trade unionism in relation to the working-women The first form of trade-union activity among wage-earning women in the In New York a similar body of women workers was organized in 1845 as of Organized Trades and Labor Unions of the United States and Canada, The Women''s Trade Union League is the first organization which has National Women''s Trade Union League was organized and the following of the League to train women as trade-union organizers. members of the New York Women''s Trade Union League and has always been which this young organization, the National Women''s Trade Union League Federation of Labor and the Women''s Trade Union League. women engaged in factory work who have come into trade unions, but the that organizations like the National Women''s Trade Union League Especially has the work of the National Women''s Trade Union Especially has the work of the National Women''s Trade Union id = 39030 author = Hibbert, Francis Aiden title = The Influence and Development of English Gilds As Illustrated by the History of the Craft Gilds of Shrewsbury date = keywords = Act; Craft; Edward; Elizabeth; England; Gilds; Henry; Ibid; King; Mercers; Merchant; Shrewsbury; Vol; Welsh; company; sidenote; town summary = [Sidenote: _Importance of history of its Gilds._] The records of the later Craft Gilds at Shrewsbury are entirely supervision of trade, corresponding to the later Merchant Gild in nearly Merchant Gilds appear in one or two of the charters granted to towns[29], municipal officer in towns where there was no Merchant Gild[33]. MEMBERS OF THE SHREWSBURY MERCHANT GILD. an occasion of especial prominence at Shrewsbury, where the Gild charters [Sidenote: _The later "Merchant Gild."_] [Sidenote: _Identity of interests of Corporation and Gilds seen in Police In the composition of the Trade Gilds there was no attempt to erect a [Sidenote: _Charters granted to Craft Gilds._] [Sidenote: _The new companies show permanence of Gild-feeling._] [Sidenote: _The Gilds have changed to capitalist companies._] Pidgeon''s Some Account of the Ancient Gilds, Trading Companies, and the Merchant Gilds, the chief difference between town and country, 12, 21 town gild, 13, 31 id = 59674 author = Hill, Octavia title = Homes of the London Poor date = keywords = Board; Charity; Guardians; Law; London; Organization; Poor; Society; visitor; work summary = working man ought to be able to pay for his own house; that the outlay with the working of the houses has occupied so much time, that the many sets of people may administer relief to a given family in one Any persons accustomed to visit among the poor in a large district, a means of affording work to the tenants in slack times. suggest far more efficient ways of helping poor families than could has much time, one paid worker is needed to carry out the work well. she has lived in for so long, though the rent is high; why she works to the committee and of those at work under them is to give help that instance by the District Committee of the Charity Organization Society; the poor can live together, consecrating their whole life to the work. Relief Committee, and the District Visitors. visitors who can give their whole time to the work. id = 41703 author = Hutchins, B. L. title = Women in Modern Industry date = keywords = Act; Association; Commission; Committee; Cotton; England; Factory; Federation; General; Labour; Lancashire; League; London; Manchester; Miss; Mr.; Mrs.; National; Society; Trade; Union; Unionism; Weavers; Workers; employment; industry; wage; woman; work summary = of working women, with special reference to the effects of the industrial many married women in the working class, by the non-wage-earning group, to women''s work in non-textile trades previous to the industrial domestic system, and in no class probably was factory work for women more In the case of spinning, the division of work between men and women was each, into a large factory industry, numbers of girls and women were small number of women organised with men in Unions of varying strength and the Women''s Trade Union League is in touch with the larger Labour Movement As a result many women-workers were asked to do men''s work, and it seemed every form, and women''s work must develop into factory industry much more prefers organisation for working women along with men to separate Unions. women organised in Unions of general labourers and workers, and their id = 6766 author = Hutchinson, J. R. (John Robert) title = The Press-Gang Afloat and Ashore date = keywords = -Admiral; -capt; Admiralty; April; August; Board; Bristol; December; England; February; George; H.M.S.; John; July; June; King; Lieut; Liverpool; London; Lord; Majesty; March; Navy; October; Pounds; Records; William; footnote; gang; man; officer; opinion; press; sailor; ship summary = At what time the pressing of men for the sea service of the Crown was Old Man of the Sea. Outbursts of violent pressing before the dawn of the eighteenth century, pressed men were concerned, the Admiralty referred the case to Mr. Attorney-General (afterwards Lord) Thurlow for his opinion. fifteen officers, and employing as many boats as gangs for pressing in boats carrying a great press of sail, served best for overhauling ships; limits, pressed one Man and let her go." [Footnote: _Admiralty Records_ Paul Jones, when hard pressed by a gang on board his ship at Liverpool, time for us to part." Taken out of the ship as a pressed man, the mate answer to keep pressed men in." [Footnote: _Admiralty Records_ 1. pressed man then on board that ship, succeeded in her petition, and press-gang, the ship captured and taken to port, Rescue of pressed men from the gang, id = 37666 author = Ireland. Ministry of Economic Affairs title = Report on the Cost of Living in Ireland, June 1922 date = keywords = Government; July; June; March; Mid summary = different final result as regards the Irish cost of living figure; but method adopted is to ascertain the average retail prices for a number of combine these retail prices in a single figure representing the change "weight" to attach to the retail price changes, representative family =(A)= The collection of retail prices for July, 1914, and March and These forms for food, clothing, fuel and light and sundries, were sent Prices (Food, Fuel and | | } |Post Office, Ministry One set of average retail prices was compiled from the returns of the THE FOLLOWING TABLE SHEWS RETAIL PRICES IN IRISH TOWNS OF 500 INHABITANTS THE FOLLOWING TABLE shows Retail Prices in March and June, price changes might be combined into a single final figure. Wage-Earning Class Households which is spent on (1) Food, (2) Clothing, summarisation of the household budgets, and these prices and weights for id = 11874 author = Jefferies, Richard title = Hodge and His Masters date = keywords = Bank; Church; Court; Frank; Harry; Hodge; Hodson; Judge; London; Mr.; Plaintiff; Smith; country; day; farmer; field; good; hand; labourer; leave; like; little; look; man; old; pay; place; round; time; work; year summary = The old men, working so many years on a single farm, and whose minds were An aged man, coming out of an arable field into the lane, pauses to look muddled away, for the old man had worked hard, and was not at all When children came, as said before, our hard-working farmer found Men saw that he lived and worked as a labourer; they gave him no credit to-day the fortunate farmer in the dog-cart, dressed like a gentleman, in a small way for generations, farming little holdings, and working like The labourer, like so many farmers in a different way, lives on credit and The labourer working all the year round in the open air cannot but note to Other men come to the farm buildings to commence work about the time the by day; yet they work in the fields that come up to their very doors, and id = 27516 author = Jefferies, Richard title = The Toilers of the Field date = keywords = Absalom; John; June; London; Madge; Smith; Wiltshire; come; cottage; day; farmer; good; great; labourer; large; man; old; place; time; woman; work; year summary = Labourer''s Daily Life," "Field-faring Women," "An English Homestead," By this time the day-labourers have come (the working-farmer, who is as much a labouring man as any cottager on his The agricultural labourers, both men and women, are a slow set, never in As there was in those days little or no work for a man but upon a farm, cottagers, living in such houses as these, are the very best labourers Another class of labourers'' cottages is found chiefly in the villages. when the labouring classes work together in large numbers. At seven or eight years old the girl''s labour farmers in country places will not let their cottages except to their labour; but then, while reaping they work their own time, as it is done the labourer in the last few years, finding him with better cottages, He works like a labourer himself in all weathers and at all times; he id = 29714 author = Kelsey, Carl title = The Negro Farmer date = keywords = Alabama; Mississippi; Negro; Negroes; North; South; Square; Virginia; acre; average; land; state; white summary = whites who have as little to do with the Negro, and consequently know as situation of the Negro farmer the adaptability of the soil to cotton is land of every cotton-producing state east of the Mississippi river." As land cultivated by the Negroes is of the same quality as that farmed by Negroes in Arkansas and Mississippi are better farmers than the whites, land ownership is a bad thing for Negroes, for tenants of both classes made little, if any, progress, while the Negro, made to work, has held a great number of the Negroes are buying little places, and this bears cent in this county are owners or managers; the average for the negroes at the same time a chance for many Negroes to become land owners. and a population of 32,137 blacks and 3,349 whites, the Negroes thus The work is done by Negroes under direction of white id = 61894 author = L''Espagnol de la Tramerye, Pierre Paul Ernest title = The World-Struggle for Oil date = keywords = Britain; British; Company; Dutch; France; Government; Great; Mexico; Oil; Petroleum; Royal; Shell; Standard; States; United; american; anglo; french summary = _Standard Oil Company_--the United States, which control 70 per cent. to create the "United States Oil Corporation to develop new petroleum _Standard Oil Company_, asked the Government to lend its support to any the hands of two great trusts--one American, the _Standard Oil_, and _Standard Oil Company_ in each State of the Union. The _Anglo-American Oil Company_ in Great Britain. Oil Company of New Jersey_, which has a capital of 100 million dollars It was in 1890, at The Hague, that the _Royal Dutch Oil Company_[10] oil compelled the Dutch company to reduce its dividend to 6 per cent. the famous British State-subsidized company, the _Anglo-Persian Oil_, the _Standard Oil_ and the _Royal Dutch-Shell_. The _Royal Dutch-Shell_, _British Controlled Oil-fields_, _British Controlled Oil-fields_ place Americans and their own nationals of the United States Government that the world''s oil resources should tons of oil to the _Asiatic Petroleum_, one of the _Royal Dutch-Shell_ id = 46121 author = Lane, Rose Wilder title = Henry Ford''s Own Story How a Farmer Boy Rose to the Power that goes with Many Millions, Yet Never Lost Touch with Humanity date = keywords = Clara; Cooper; Detroit; Edison; Ford; Greenfield; Henry; Jim; Mrs.; car; good; man; work summary = is a Big Business Man. _Our tendency was immediately to put Henry Ford in that class. William Ford worked with the others, doing a good day''s task with the Ford should not return to his work in the machine shops. "It''s a fine place yet, as good as anybody could want," Henry Ford says Ford made the rounds of Detroit''s machine shops that day, but he did not Ford worked all day at the Edison plant, half the "I''ve got a machine here that saves time and work and money," he said. "Yes, she''s a good little car," Ford said, looking it over critically. men we''d be a long way from where we are to-day," Ford said at last. "After all, every man who''s working for us is helping," Ford decided. Over 4,000 of the 18,000 men working in the Ford plant were living in id = 60473 author = Lloyd, Henry Demarest title = Wealth against commonwealth date = keywords = Albert; Attorney; Boston; Buffalo; Chicago; City; Cleveland; Commerce; Commission; Committee; Company; Congress; Court; England; Footnote; General; Improvement; Interstate; Legislature; Matthews; Mr.; New; Ohio; Oil; Pennsylvania; Railroad; Report; Rice; Senate; South; Standard; State; Supreme; Testimony; Titusville; Toledo; Trusts; United; York; american summary = life," said the Senator who framed the United States Anti-Trust Law. This difference as to facts is due to a difference in the definitions the stock of the oil trust on the New York Stock Exchange by the men building up a great business in oil cars, pipe lines, refineries. petroleum, with offices in Oil City, London, and New York, issuing said the general freight agent.[190] The oil trust also cut the prices it the pipe lines, the oil combination, the Pennsylvania Railroad, and transportation" the counsel of the oil trust said, before the New York of the company at Cleveland, Oil City, New York, and elsewhere. State against the oil combination in New York, like that which had been gas?" the president of the oil trust was asked by the New York members of the great oil trust," said the New York _Press_, "President id = 41068 author = Lorwin, Lewis L. (Lewis Levitzki) title = Syndicalism in France date = keywords = Bourses; Committee; Confederal; Confederation; Congress; Congrès; Federation; France; General; Labor; Les; National; Paris; Sorel; Travail; french summary = represents Revolutionary Syndicalism in France is the General Bourses du Travail--The idea of the general strike--Its of Syndicats--Formation of General Confederation of Labor by revolutionary movements--The general strike as a means of revolutionary forces of labor".[37] The idea of the general strike organize a workingmen''s social political party. the "Federation of Socialist Workingmen of France". Under these conditions a general congress of syndicats was called in general strike before the Congress of the "National Federation of the general strike could be organized or decreed, but this idea was soon Congress of the "Federation of Bourses" to call a general trade-union The Congress of Paris adopted the principle of the general strike by socialists, they advanced the idea of the General Confederation of Labor general strike, on the social rôle of the syndicat, and on the future the workingmen of Paris to go out on a general strike, but the id = 32725 author = Manson, George J. title = Work for Women date = keywords = M.D.; New; York; book; business; good; pay; time; woman; work; year summary = Men still hold the best positions, and they receive large salaries, schools in New York where it is taught free to women no pupils are companies in New York says, that telegraphy is a good occupation for a In one of the large New York schools the course of instruction popular works is the "New Haven Hand-book of Nursing," which is used Men who employ women in trades and businesses where they have to work The pay of good women proof-readers is from $15 to $20 a week. then a woman receives exceptionally good pay for this kind of service. Good compositors in the large New York establishments where books are "Utility business" is the kind of work a young woman going upon the The country is a good place for a young lady to begin work. =Type-Writing.=--Young women in the large cities do well working on id = 7992 author = Meloney, Marie Mattingly title = Better Homes in America: Plan Book for Demonstration Week October 9 to 14, 1922 date = keywords = America; Better; Chairman; Committee; Demonstration; General; Governor; Home; Sub; house; room summary = a "_Better Homes in America_" Demonstration should be planned and A PLAN for COMMUNITY ORGANIZATION of BETTER HOMES IN AMERICA The community which exhibits a _Better Home_ during Demonstration Week production of a _Better Homes_ Exhibition during Demonstration Week, _How to Form a General Committee for Better Homes Demonstration Week_ (a) Sub-committee on Equipment of Demonstration Home; and (a) Sub-committee on Equipment of Demonstration Home; and (a) Sub-committee on Selection of Demonstration Home; and (a) Sub-committee on Selection of Demonstration Home; and Plan for a _Better Homes_ Demonstration and to secure their endorsement house for _all_ Sub-committees and directs the _Better Homes_ _3--How to Form Sub-Committee on Selection of Demonstration Home_ _4--How to Form Sub-Committee on Equipment of Demonstration Home_ communities co-operating in the _Better Homes in America_ Demonstration coordinate the work of local _Better Homes in America_ committees. _Suggestion for Furnishing and Decorating the Demonstration Home_ id = 37784 author = Mitchell, Broadus title = The Rise of Cotton Mills in the South date = keywords = Augusta; Carolina; Charleston; Columbia; Company; Cotton; Courier; England; Gastonia; Georgia; Ibid; January; Mill; Mr.; News; North; September; South; South Carolina; States; northern; southern summary = objective economic forces, in the rise of cotton mills in the South, there mills in South Carolina might be started with the Graniteville Cotton there are two facts in the building of cotton mills in the South which into cotton mills, capitalists, North and South, acted usually upon the The story of how capital was secured for the cotton mills of the South may year is the rapid extension of cotton manufacturing in South Carolina in capital from the North to manufacture the cotton at the South. cotton manufactures at the South may be noticed in the fact that New York development of cotton mills in the South, namely, that of increasing the manufacturers took no stock in the mills of the South to amount to growth of the cotton manufacturing industry of the South has been the South as a manufacturing city, there being eight cotton factories running id = 21657 author = Moorhouse, Herbert Joseph title = Deep Furrows date = keywords = Alberta; Association; Canada; Commission; Company; Elevator; Exchange; Farmers; Government; Grain; Growers; Manitoba; Partridge; President; Saskatchewan; United; West; Winnipeg; western summary = business and many farmers even did not know what a grain exchange was. farmer and graded either at the elevator or by the Chief Grain advisability of establishing a company to handle the farmers'' grain. The farmers who shipped their grain to the new company were expecting and with the elevators offering to handle the farmers'' grain for Inter-Provincial Council of Grain Growers'' and Farmers'' Associations. Inter-Provincial Council of Grain Growers'' and Farmers'' Associations. the Alberta Farmers'' Co-Operative Elevator Company, Limited, was The third season of the Alberta Farmers'' Co-operative Elevator Company Farmers'' Co-Operative Elevator Company, however, the pioneer business Farmers'' Co-Operative Elevator Company, the Manitoba Grain Growers'' Alberta Farmers'' Co-Operative Elevator Company, and President T. which led the Western farmers to organize, the Grain Growers from the Ontario, The United Farmers'' Co-Operative Company of Ontario, The Grain _Alberta Farmers'' Co-Operative Elevator Company--1913_. _Alberta Farmers'' Co-Operative Elevator Company--1913_. id = 44214 author = National Conference on Workmen''s Compensation for Industrial Accidents title = Proceedings, Third National Conference Workmen''s Compensation for Industrial Accidents date = keywords = Commission; Conference; England; Illinois; Legislature; Massachusetts; New; State; Wisconsin; York summary = commissions working on the question of compensation for industrial one on the Employers'' Liability Law in New York State and the other the present law on employers'' liability, how they thought it met the employers and the laboring people in the State on this subject. position to know what it wants in the matter of employers'' liability employers'' representative on the New York State Commission. that would be fair; and I feel that the employers of New York State time, under the New York law can bring suit under the employers'' dangerous employment; and would not the law cover that very accident. form of a Workmen''s Compensation Law. The New York Commission, while some of us perhaps were inclined to law was made right away to cover practically all employments; that The question of employers'' liability and workmen''s compensation, I liability law and workmen''s compensation act for 1908, and that may id = 28991 author = Nearing, Scott title = The Next Step: A Plan for Economic World Federation date = keywords = America; Britain; Europe; France; New; States; United; economic; group; industrial; industry; organization; producer; social; society; world summary = economic activities of the world must be federated in such a way that task of organizing world economic life. Before the war the centre of the world''s economic power was Great economic unit to the world industry. Economic society consists of unit groups or organs which are established local, district, divisional and to world economic groupings. This plan for the organization of a local self-governing economic unit district organization includes a group of local economic units, which PLAN FOR THE WORLD ORGANIZATION OF ONE INDUSTRIAL OR OCCUPATIONAL GROUP world organization within the major industrial groups does not provide the local, district, divisional and world industrial groups. local economic units, and ending with a federation of world industries. industrial groups that belonged to the world producers'' federation would The general lines of organization for the world producers'' federation PLAN FOR WORLD ECONOMIC ORGANIZATION involved in the world organization of economic life. Economic organization, world units of, 72 id = 3038 author = Orth, Samuel Peter title = The Armies of Labor: A Chronicle of the Organized Wage-Earners date = keywords = American; Association; Brotherhood; City; Congress; England; Federation; Knights; Labor; National; New; Philadelphia; President; States; Trades; Union; United; Workers; York; strike summary = In 1821 the New York Typographical Society, which had been organized four years earlier by Peter Force, a labor leader of unusual energy, set a precedent for the vigorous and fearless career of its modern successor by calling a strike in the printing office of Thurlow Weed, the powerful politician, himself a member of the society, because he employed a "rat," as a nonunion worker was called. For some years the membership increased slowly; but in 1889 over 70,000 new members were reported, in 1900 over 200,000, and from that time the Federation has given evidence of such growth and prosperity that it easily is the most powerful labor organization America has known, and it takes its place by the side of the British Trades Union Congress as "the sovereign organization in the trade union world." In 1917 its membership reached 2,371,434, with 110 affiliated national unions, representing virtually every element of American industry excepting the railway brotherhoods and a dissenting group of electrical workers. id = 61223 author = Park, Robert Ezra title = The Man Farthest Down: A Record of Observation and Study in Europe date = keywords = America; Austria; Burns; Cracow; Denmark; England; Europe; Government; Hungary; Italy; Jews; London; Negro; Negroes; Sicily; South; Southern; States; jewish; people summary = Europe great numbers of people who, in their homes, in their labour, the different countries I visited for one class of facts and seeking to raise the condition of the working people in the agricultural regions life of great cities, like London, it seems to me that the women suffer in the East End, where the masses of the labouring people live. of the Negro people of the Southern States with the masses in Europe life and work among the people of East London. lower position which women occupy among the people of southern Europe especially interesting to a race or a people like the Negro, that that I was entering into a country where the masses of the people lived opportunity to learn something of the way these farming people live. of the poor man in the complex life of a great city like London and id = 42766 author = Pennsylvania. General Assembly. Committee Appointed to Investigate the Railroad Riots in July, 1877 title = Report of the Committee Appointed to Investigate the Railroad Riots in July, 1877 Read in the Senate and House of Representatives May 23, 1878 date = keywords = Allegheny; Brinton; Captain; Colonel; Friday; General; Governor; July; Latta; Liberty; Lindsey; Means; Monday; Mr.; Norris; Pearson; Pennsylvania; Philadelphia; Pittsburgh; Reyburn; Saturday; Senator; State; Sunday; Thursday; Union; Yutzy summary = when the time (8.40 A.M.) came for the next train to leave, the men the crowd at this time; all men in the employ of the railroad company. depot, General Brinton gave orders that the mob must not be fired upon, time that General Brinton''s command went into the round house and wise movement to order General Brinton''s command into the round-house brakemen, I am told--I was not present at the time--came to the men, A. I believe they have an order called the Train Men''s Union. Q. At Twenty-eighth street, did the mob of men stop the train going I went back to the men, and by that time quite a crowd was A. When those men came from the office--the second force--Mr. Watt went time I went there I found a very considerable crowd of men there. Q. Do you know of any railroad men at the time of the disturbance, who id = 49912 author = Penny, Virginia title = The Employments of Women: A Cyclopædia of Woman''s Work date = keywords = August; Boston; England; Europe; February; France; Germany; January; July; London; March; Massachusetts; Mr.; Mrs.; New; Paris; Philadelphia; South; States; United; West; York; american; employ; french; maker; pay; week; woman; work; |Jan summary = the lady told me she used to employ a girl, paying her $3 a week, learn he employs forty women, who work by the piece, and whose average A manufacturer in New York writes: "I employ about twenty women and Print Works, "there are a good many women and children employed. Brothers, of New York, employ two girls for the same kind of work. business--women a year or so to learn the best paid kind of labor. manufacturer in New York told me, about two hundred women are employed is piece work, and women are paid from $4 to $6 per week, ten hours a Hands employed by the week usually work ten hours a day. Men are paid about $5 a week, and do different work from the women. It requires but a few weeks to learn the work done by women." id = 14458 author = Perlman, Selig title = A History of Trade Unionism in the United States date = keywords = Association; Chicago; Congress; Federation; Illinois; International; Knights; Labor; National; New; Philadelphia; President; States; Union; United; War; West; Workers; York; american; order; strike; trade summary = the _National Laborer_, declared that "_the Trades'' Union never will be In 1868 two new national labor unions were organized. movement by the National Labor Union, a loosely built federation of The National Labor Union centered on the passage of an eight-hour law trade-union basis in the form of a National Industrial Congress. organizations, namely the trade unions and the Knights of Labor. saw, in the labor movement of the sixties the national trade union was Organized Trades and Labor Unions of the United States and Canada," The new organization of 1881 was a loose federation of trade and labor leadership, the Federation of Organized Trades and Labor Unions of the The trade unions demanded that the Knights of Labor of the Federation of Organized Trades and Labor Unions, stated that in several national trade union federations that an international labor to this practical trade unionism, then, that the American labor movement id = 30850 author = Philippines. Bureau of Education title = Philippine Mats Philippine Craftsman Reprint Series No. 1 date = keywords = Bureau; Education; Philippines; Samar; mat; straw; weave summary = Philippine materials available for weaving these mats are varied and In general, too many different colors appear in the Philippine mats, Philippine mat straws can be divided into three classes--palm For stripping sabutan leaves, the mat weavers of Tanay, Rizal, use designs and panels for figured sabutan and tikug mats; (3) the open First, by weaving the design around the mat, using the same straws Buri straw intended for mats is usually colored with the cheap The mats are not decorated either by weaving in colored straws or by In mats of natural straw, the following colors may be used: No. 2, In mats of natural straw, the following colors may be used: No. 2, Mats woven for this design should be 254 by 407 straws; 271 by 424; Tikug mats in natural straw may be embroidered in the following colors: In tikug mats of natural straw, the following colors may be used id = 45425 author = Renard, Georges François title = Guilds in the Middle Ages date = keywords = Ages; Arte; Calimala; Crown; Documents; England; Fagniez; Florence; France; Guilds; Histoire; Martin; Middle; Paris; Saint; State; great; master summary = In the great days of the Guild system the industrial market was almost the earlier days of the Guild system industry was local in character, "Guild Merchant," a general organization including both trading and body gave way to a system of Craft Guilds, each representing as a rule to town or to Guild, was far less a matter of economic policy than Guilds and the trading or merchant class which was gradually extending English Guild Merchants, and the _Arte di Calimala_ in the commune great merchant guilds might arise in the course of trade even with In "great" commerce the guild regulated the conditions which made the head of the guild only created new master butchers every seven which the great guilds rose; and in those days the organized world followed by that of the great industrial guilds, destined in some the great commercial and industrial guilds which no longer allowed id = 31118 author = Richardson, Dorothy title = The Long Day: The Story of a New York Working Girl, as Told by Herself date = keywords = Bessie; Eunice; Henrietta; Jamison; Manners; Mason; Minnie; Miss; Mooney; Mrs.; New; Phoebe; Plympton; Rosebud; Smith; Street; Sunday; York; girl; good; little; look; woman; work summary = The Story of a New York Working Girl * * As Told by Herself At my table all had gone save the young girl with the dark eyes, working with likes to walk home looking decent and respectable, no "So long!" It was not the first time that I had heard a working girl The home for working girls I found, not very far away from this the stairs with a crowd of other girls--all, like myself, seeking work. "Don''t any men work in this place except the foreman?" I asked Mrs. Mooney, who had toiled a long time in the "Pearl" and knew everything. Yet it was as a working girl that I learned to know most of the The working girl in a great city like New York working girls'' home in which I lived for many weeks, and from my Another important thing looking to the well-being of the working girl of id = 28499 author = Robinson, Walter Stitt title = Mother Earth: Land Grants in Virginia, 1607-1699 date = keywords = Assembly; Company; Council; Governor; James; King; Neck; Thomas; Virginia; William; indian; land summary = Shore were granted the right to sell their land to the English provided the colony ignoring any Indian rights in the land to a gradual colonization led to grants of land in return for service to the company The trace of these grants, including the company land, the Governor''s With the dissolution of the company the issuing of land patents And a few years later Charles II awarded lands in Virginia to with the fifty acres of land granted to the persons who financed the Even though servants were not granted land by the colony at the BASED ON THE RECORD OF VIRGINIA LAND PATENTS BASED ON THE RECORD OF VIRGINIA LAND PATENTS patents to be issued on order of the Governor and Council for land Virginia Land Patents. Virginia Land Patents. Virginia Land Patents and Grants_, Richmond: The Dietz Printing C., The Land Grant Policy of Colonial Virginia, id = 17090 author = Rockefeller, John D. (John Davison) title = Random Reminiscences of Men and Events date = keywords = Backus; Cleveland; Company; Flagler; Mr.; Oil; Rockefeller; Standard; business; great; man; work summary = people our country has produced, especially in business--men who have by working out some great problems at a time when most men want to About the time we went into the oil business Mr. Flagler went into the oil business at all, we should do the work as well as we no end to the money needed to carry on and develop the business. of business management than giving profitable work to employees year working out of many of these great plans has developed largely since I the business of the Backus Oil Company to _be taken_ from you, I was well acquainted with the works of the Backus Oil Company and effective help I should join with other business men and give great best men we have in our commercial affairs, as great business men have had so little of business training in the work-a-day world. id = 43040 author = Ross, J. Elliot (John Elliot) title = Consumers and Wage-Earners: The Ethics of Buying Cheap date = keywords = Bureau; Class; Consumers; Consuming; Labor; League; New; York; wage summary = Our little boy and over-worked girl are not, probably, typical Consumers wage for a fair day''s work." If employers fail in their duty of meeting to a fair wage, and that if this right is violated the Consumer ought to right to a fair wage for a fair day''s work. agreed that workmen have a strict right in justice to a fair wage, time Consuming Class _in so far as they benefit by the laborer''s work_. This question of the duty of the Consuming Class towards the men who living wage is beyond contradiction, the Consuming Class, who benefit persons employed in its manufacture and distribution a living wage, S. Bureau of Labor, "Wage-Earning Women in Stores and report of the United States Bureau of Labor on "Wage-Earning Women and persons in many industries are receiving less than a living wage, in the S. Bur. Labor, "Women Wage-Earners in Stores and Factories," p. id = 31196 author = Ruskin, John title = Time and Tide by Weare and Tyne Twenty-five Letters to a Working Man of Sunderland on the Laws of Work date = keywords = Bible; Devil; England; God; LETTER; March; Mr.; Parliament; State; education; english; good; great; law; life; man; mean; power; time; work summary = declining years; and to form in the end a vast class of persons wholly you think the time will ever come for everybody to have _no_ work and hearts to do good work, so long as your right hands have motion in letter, as to the impossibility of the laws of work being investigated thinking how much worthier and nobler it was to work all day, and care help given by any Divine power to the thoughts of men. years, enforces certain simple laws of human conduct which you know of the laws which, in a true Working Men''s Parliament, must be because I know that the working men of England must, for some time, There again I find you both feel and write as all working men consider working men and slaves, such as you speak of in your letters. law, thousands of English working men would hail it with such a shout id = 59456 author = Ruskin, John title = Fors Clavigera (Volume 1 of 8) Letters to the workmen and labourers of Great Britain date = keywords = April; England; English; France; French; God; Hill; James; King; London; Lord; Mr.; Paris; Sir; St.; William; day; friend; good; great; like; man; thing; time; work summary = forms of government you have got, by setting honest men to work them; cannon, and the like,--you know the best thing we can possibly hope ''Fors'' is the best part of three good English words, Force, Fortitude, ''Force'' (in humanity), means power of doing good work. Fors, the Nail-bearer, means the strength of Lycurgus, or of Law. I will tell you what you may usefully know of those three Greek true, like old wine, as soon as things could be known accurately; for a long time, you begin to think that you would rather live as you of things you were little likely to care for, in words which it I write of things you care little for, knowing that what you least or ''Working-man.'' For again, I have spent many days, not to say years, with the working-men of our English school myself; and I know that, id = 61591 author = Ruskin, John title = Fors Clavigera (Volume 2 of 8) Letters to the workmen and labourers of Great Britain date = keywords = Christmas; Dante; England; Florence; Fors; George; God; Italy; John; Lucca; Marmontel; Mr.; Sir; St.; Sunday; Theseus; english; friend; good; greek; letter; little; man; money; thing; time; work; year summary = I would wish you a happy New Year, if I thought my wishes likely to be My friends, I quoted to you last year the foolishest thing, yet said, finally, for the cost of such smith''s work,--My good friends, let me heart good to hear it, providing only you are quite sure you know what I think I see her yet--the good little old woman! In old times, under the pure baronial power, things used, as I told "''Honoured Sir,--Knowing that you was my old master''s good gentleman; for you know, Sir, my good master was always the poor writing it, gave us such an idea of our good old friend, that ''God have a care of you, my good man!'' said he; ''you are people now-a-days do not, but think the only hopeful way of serving mind, use cursing little, and blessing much, you working-men more and id = 61634 author = Ruskin, John title = Fors Clavigera (Volume 3 of 8) Letters to the workmen and labourers of Great Britain date = keywords = Edinburgh; England; English; Fors; French; George; God; Hansli; Harden; John; King; Knowe; London; Lord; Master; Mr.; Mrs.; Professor; Sandy; Scotland; Scott; Sir; St.; Walter; day; good; great; life; like; man; time; word; work; year summary = enough to meet with the book;" one working man''s letter, for self and you think that merely to buy a book, and to know your letters, will can set you to any kind of work I like, whether it be good for you on week days, and ''Good Words'' on Sundays, and are entirely ignorant good things for her old days. country like England, though Mr. Ruskin seems to think the thing same time, read this little bit of a letter of Lord Northumberland''s that extremest folly of thinking that you can know a great man better You are well past all that kind of thing, you think, and know better scientific men do think, that there is no good in knowing anything in love, or you don''t know good writing from bad, (and likely enough The following letter from an old friend, whose manner of life, like id = 40628 author = Schreiner, George Abel title = The Iron Ration: Three Years in Warring Central Europe date = keywords = Austria; Austro; Berlin; Budapest; Bulgaria; Central; Constantinople; Emperor; Europe; Hungary; Russians; States; Turkey; United; Vienna; american; day; european; food; german; good; government; hungarian; little; thing; time; war; woman summary = I have pictured here the war time life of Central Europe''s social and The war-time life of Central Europe could not be I am really qualified to write on food in war-time, and no Shavianism is food shortage in Germany, there would soon come a time when I gained a good insight into German food production a few days later, the German food-producer operated, left a comfortable profit margin no imported a small quantity of food even in years when bumper crops came, Interviews with a goodly number of German government officials and men It was not until the fourth month of the war that prices of food showed Commission-men were licensed by the government, and when food regulation the government Food Centrals, all cereals and potatoes which he would Up to this time the war-bread of the Central states had been rather The woman not needing food supplies on a certain day id = 34379 author = Schäffle, A. (Albert) title = The Theory and Policy of Labour Protection date = keywords = Act; Auer; Berlin; Bill; Code; Conference; Germany; Imperial; Industrial; Labour; Protection; Social; State; Sunday; day; work summary = legal ten or eleven hours day for industrial work, with special the industrial wage-labour dealt with by State Protection, are not protection extended to those branches of industrial wage-labour which Those forms of industrial wage-labour which are dealt with by protective The varieties of protection needed by industrial wage-labour arise, demands for Labour Protection, the maximum working-day is variously working-day for all protected labour, or it may be specially regulated working-day, even when extended to all labourers employed in a factory, working-time of all wage-labourers above the age of 16 years shall be working-day for all industrial labour, or all industrial wage-service industries, there is no proposal to fix a special maximum working-day, maximum working-days appointed for purposes of State protection, but the The maximum working-day for female labour is necessary for all women The maximum working-day applied only to industrial labour lacks protection of holidays (§ 107, 1): "Industrial work shall be forbidden id = 33170 author = Scott, William R. (William Rufus) title = The Itching Palm: A Study of the Habit of Tipping in America date = keywords = Pullman; american; custom; employee; hotel; law; patron; pay; public; service; tip; tipping summary = the amount of money given in one year by the American people in tips, or waiter as a tip is an unsound transaction because the patron receives each meal by the head-waiter so that the patron has a new tip to give the waiters small change so as to make tipping easy for the patrons. to see that a waiter (paid to serve patrons) who accepts tips, is Leaving the hotel, and considering the tipping custom in its relation to time during the service he lets the patron know that the tips he After such evidence, patrons of hotels and other public service places gratuity or tip from any guest or patron shall be guilty of a or tip to any person or employee prohibited from receiving or receiving of tips by patrons or employees. give an employee any gratuity or tip each person shall be WAITERS AGAINST THE TIP CUSTOM id = 13397 author = Shaw, Robert B. title = History of the Comstock Patent Medicine Business and Dr. Morse''s Indian Root Pills date = keywords = Co.; Comstock; Dr.; Indian; Judson; Moore; Morristown; Morse; New; Pills; Root; White; York summary = years.--Lower left: Original packaging of the Indian Root Pills in oval *History of the Comstock Patent Medicine Business and of Dr. Morse''s *History of the Comstock Patent Medicine Business and of Dr. Morse''s village of Morristown, in northern New York State, was the W.H. Comstock factory, better known as the home of the celebrated Dr. Morse''s name of Comstock & Brother, doing business at 9 John Street in New York White contributed no money or property--nothing but the right to Dr. Morse''s Indian Root Pills. by Moore, the originator of the pills; _b_, initial label used by A.J. White & Co. under Comstock ownership, 1855-1857; _c_, revised label The Comstocks'' claim to the Indian Root Pills through Comstocks and White and Moore for control of the Indian Root Pills, the Comstocks were already manufacturing Dr. Morse''s Indian Root Pills at When William Henry Comstock, Sr., moved the Indian Root Pill business to id = 52959 author = Smart, William title = Women''s Wages date = keywords = low; wage; woman; work summary = men''s and women''s wages, and go on to ask the reason of it. The first answer given is that women''s wages are low because of the because there are enough women who take the low wage, is little more that make women take a wage below that of men, and what are the factors standard of women''s wages by the _wants_ of the worker. The next two reasons, accordingly, put the low wages of women on quite men for the same reason as the dock labourer gets lower wages than the In the cigar trade women make the lower-priced goods. difference of wages between men and women takes a new and definite women employed in equal work at unequal wages? girls were put on day wages, and when the machines were in good working to reduce women''s wages. which is economically "attributable" to their work, women''s wages are id = 31810 author = Smith, Walker C. title = The Everett Massacre: A history of the class struggle in the lumber industry date = keywords = Beard; Beverly; Club; Commercial; Cooley; County; Everett; Industrial; John; Mr.; Mrs.; November; Park; Seattle; Sheriff; State; Thomas; Thompson; Tracy; Vanderveer; Verona summary = at the depot by Sheriff McRae who asked him what he had come to Everett testimony of prosecution witnesses Donald McRae, sheriff of Snohomish W. members present, followed the deputies to the county jail, demanding The free speech committee sent John Berg to Everett that same day to Everett on Labor Day, got on the box and said, "Fellow comrades----" but to the City Dock at Everett, shortly before two o''clock, the men were In Everett the deputies left the dock when the Verona had steamed out of men on the Verona on the way over to Everett, and answered: McRae said that none of the men taken to Beverly Park were beaten on the deputy sheriff and McRae''s right-hand man. testified that the various men arrested on the picket line in Everett Part of the men were released in Seattle and part in Everett. id = 14055 author = United States Food Administration title = Food Guide for War Service at Home Prepared under the direction of the United States Food Administration in co-operation with the United States Department of Agriculture and the Bureau of Education, with a preface by Herbert Hoover date = keywords = Administration; England; Europe; Food; France; States; United; meat; wheat summary = SELLING OF WHEAT IS IN THE HANDS OF THE GREAT UNITED STATES FOOD the Civil War, with no world wheat shortage, but without food control, THE WAR-TIME IMPORTANCE OF WHEAT AND OTHER CEREALS THE WAR-TIME IMPORTANCE OF WHEAT AND OTHER CEREALS Sugar and foods rich in starch like flour and corn meal Countries like France, which use their cereals chiefly for bread, are food of the French is bread, so if the wheat shortage were near the To use this country''s share of the short supply of wheat to the UNTIL THE WHEAT-SUPPLY INCREASES AND THE FOOD ADMINISTRATION LESSENS wheat and meat, sugar and fats, and be none the worse for it, but WE the food situation than our short supplies of wheat and meat. Cheese.--Valuable protein food, 34; as meat substitute, 35-36; a use in Europe, 50; food value, 51-52; supply in United States, 52-53; United States: Exports.--Wheat, 5-6; meat, 33; fat, 40-41; sugar, id = 20041 author = United States Tariff Commission title = Men''s Sewed Straw Hats Report of the United Stated Tariff Commission to the President of the United States (1926) date = keywords = States; United; hat summary = of men''s sewed straw hats in the United States and in competing foreign the men''s sewed straw hats in the United States and include makers of three concerns exporting men''s sewed straw hats to the United States. the value of the total production of men''s straw hats was estimated at TABLE 7.--_Imports at the port of New York of men''s sewed straw hats TABLE 7.--_Imports at the port of New York of men''s sewed straw hats (_b_) _Foreign._--Costs of selling hats to importers in the United production of men''s sewed straw hats in the United States and in Italy, of production of men''s sewed straw hats in the United States and in The cost of production of the imported hats, including transportation imported men''s sewed straw hats whose landed costs, duty paid, range imported men''s sewed straw hats whose landed costs, duty paid, range (8) The average selling price of such imported men''s sewed straw hats, id = 8666 author = United States. Social Security Board title = Security in Your Old Age To Employees of Industrial and Business Establishments, Factories, Shops, Mines, Mills, Stores, Offices and Other Places of Business date = keywords = Security summary = by Congress and is called the Social Security Act. Under this law the United States Government will send checks every month years old, or more, and stop working, you will get a Government check "Old-Age Benefits" under the Social Security Act. If you prefer to keep on working after you are 65, the monthly checks from the Government will how much you earn in wages from your industrial or business employment if you had earned $25 a week for 10 years before that time, your family cent for every dollar you earn, and at the same time your employer will pay 1 cent for every dollar you earn, up to $3,000 a year. and your employer will pay, 1-½ cents for each dollar you earn, up to years from now, you and your employer will each pay 3 cents on each dollar Philadelphia, Pa. Region IV--Virginia, West Virginia, North Carolina, Maryland, and District id = 5887 author = Vaknin, Samuel title = The Labor Divide date = keywords = RTF summary = Copyright (C) 2007 by Lidija Rangelovska. Please see the corresponding RTF file for this eBook. RTF is Rich Text Format, and is readable in nearly any modern word processing program. id = 15218 author = Van Vorst, John, Mrs. title = The Woman Who Toils Being the Experiences of Two Gentlewomen as Factory Girls date = keywords = Brown; Carolina; Excelsior; Jones; Lynn; Mrs.; Perry; Saturday; South; american; child; day; girl; good; hand; illustration; like; little; look; mill; room; southern; woman; work summary = these the great number of women and girls who work in the factories and As to hair and hands, a half-day''s work suffices for their where I worked men and women were employed for ten-hour days. ten and a quarter hours five days in the week in order to work eight and across from her table one day when I was hard at work with a pain like a rented to a day lodger who worked nights, and one room without a window work without machinery in a shop where the girls used their hands alone didn''t care how hard I worked so long as I got good pay--$9 a week. purpose in going to live and work among the American factory hands? "We''ve got plenty of work for a good-looking woman like you," he said little girl work? little girl work? "Those little children--_love the mill!_ They _like_ to work. id = 38932 author = Walker, Charles R. (Charles Rumford) title = Steel: The Diary of a Furnace Worker date = keywords = Bouton; Fred; Mr.; Nick; Number; american; day; furnace; good; hour; look; man; steel; work summary = bought some second-hand clothes and went to work on an open-hearth furnace helper, working the twelve-hour day, and a Boston broker, owning He looked away again and said, "They want a man on the night-shift. "I''m looking for something for working-clothes," I said; "second-hand don''t use that shovel for mud!" said the second-helper on Number who looked as if he could work the turn and then box a little in the "Need a man to-night; want to work?" he said; "always short, you know, Now look here, suppose a man works like hell to fix "I work three week open-hearth," he said, "too hot, no good." "No," I said; "I have worked on the open-hearth furnaces a little. "Yes, I think I''ll like blast-furnace work," I said, "if I get to be went in first, with pick and shovel, and worked an hour. The day is made up of jobs like these--shoveling manganese at tap-time, id = 10126 author = Waugh, Edwin title = Home-Life of the Lancashire Factory Folk during the Cotton Famine date = keywords = CHAPTER; Committee; God; John; Lancashire; Lord; Preston; Relief; Street; Wigan; day; know; little; look; man; old; poor; time; woman; work summary = said to me, "Hard work being there." In one case, a poor, pale, old man was relieved at once; but, as he walked away, he looked hard of times--a very poor trade--since the days when tattered old "Jem arranging the little empty things in this way looked almost like the are a family of 3 the man work four or more days per week on the moor the woman works 6 days per week at Messrs Simpsons North Road man himself had got a few days'' work in that time. companion, "let us have a look at old John." A gray-headed little (Here the old man gave her a quiet, approving look, like a good After a little more talk, we bade the old couple good day, and went "Well," said the old woman, sitting down, "things is quare with us The old woman said, "My daughter has been eawt o'' work a long time. id = 14798 author = Wyatt, Edith title = Making Both Ends Meet: The income and outlay of New York working girls date = keywords = Consumers; East; Footnote; League; Management; Miss; Mr.; Mrs.; Natalya; New; Scientific; State; Union; York; day; girl; week; woman; work; worker summary = The Income and Outlay of New York Working Girls The New York State law in regard to the work of the younger women Labor Committee, the Working-Girls'' Clubs, and the Woman''s Trade-Union girls in New York: General expense per week: room, $2; meals, $3; a Wooster Street factory, earning for a week of nine-and-a-half-hour days a week for nine and one-half hours'' work a day, and was exhausting remaining six and a half months she worked from two to five days a week. at $6 or $7 a week, for ten hours'' work a day. Street shop, for $7 a week, working nine hours a day, with a Saturday Anna worked in this manner ten hours a day, for $6 a week. body of New York working girls and placed in the hands of Labor women''s work in laundries in New York. large laundry I worked over ten hours for seven days in the week--more id = 38437 author = Yates, L. K. title = The Woman''s Part: A Record of Munitions Work date = keywords = Britain; Ministry; Munitions; Welfare; canteen; case; factory; girl; illustration; room; war; woman; work; worker summary = Women in this country have, it is true, taken their place in factory life aeroplane factories, women welders work be-goggled at the anvils. a Training Section for factory workers within the Ministry of Munitions engineering work in a large number of women. work varies in these Instructional Factories as in the engineering shop of the normal life of the women in this country and the work in the munitions of successful handling of women in the munitions factory, it is as well In a shop in a certain optical munitions factory I met the first woman who working hours on board, between the sailors or men labourers and the women workers in munitions factories and more especially for the women and development of Welfare work in many a munitions factory throughout the of First-Aid work within the munitions factory, for without their to-day women police are undertaking numerous duties in munitions works. id = 11270 author = Zakrzewska, Marie E. (Marie Elizabeth) title = A Practical Illustration of "Woman''s Right to Labor" A Letter from Marie E. Zakrzewska, M.D. Late of Berlin, Prussia date = keywords = America; Berlin; Blackwell; Boston; Cleveland; Dr.; Marie; Mr.; New; Schmidt; York; time; woman summary = "Soon after I entered the hospital," said Marie, "the nurse called me to a already existed to women, and I left it to others to nurse the young life At the end of the year, my cousin left the hospital At the same time, the time would come, when they would learn that a great, warm heart was Upon my return home, my father told me, that, having quitted school, I My mother went everywhere, both night and day; and it soon came to pass, From the time of my leaving school until I was fifteen years old, my life business, I received news from Berlin, that Sister Catherine had left the I went home full of the hope and inspiration of a new life. Cleveland, but took my last money, and went to New York to stay for a goods that I received in Boston stimulated our friends in New York to such id = 12171 author = nan title = Women Workers in Seven Professions A Survey of Their Economic Conditions and Prospects date = keywords = Arts; Assistant; Association; Board; Bursaries; Clerks; College; County; Education; Health; Inspectors; London; Post; Prizes; Sanitary; Science; Service; University; Women; art; year; £20; £30; £40; £50 summary = desire to investigate the conditions of women''s public work in various Post-Graduate Work open to Women" published by intend to teach in schools ought also to spend one year in training. [Footnote 2: Trained teachers only, men and women, will be admitted to schools are staffed entirely by women, not because the woman teacher elementary schools of England, and the number of women and men special-school work that women who are not particularly patient would year Madame Osterberg started a Physical Training College for women men doing the same work in the boys'' schools as the women do in the The three-year course at King''s College for Women _Ladies'' Educational £30 3 years Open to women of not less Misses Baxter of £40 1 or 2 years Men and women educated in Women who are employed in Public Health Work hold office under Local years--in London alone there are over 25,000 women clerks and id = 19547 author = nan title = Obed Hussey, Who, of All Inventors, Made Bread Cheap date = keywords = August; County; Hussey; John; Maryland; Mr.; Obed; Patent; Reaper; Reaping; Society; cut; machine; sidenote summary = were the Hussey machines successful in harvesting grain and grass. "This Obed Hussey machine cutting in a good average stand of barley, nearly thirty years Obed Hussey manufactured and sold reaping machines Obed Hussey, deceased, for the extension of Reissued Letters Patent No. 449 for an improvement in Reaping Machines, dated the 14th day of April, Hussey''s, as he had invented a machine in 1831, two years before the order to invalidate Hussey''s Patent, that he invented a Reaping Machine In two trials of reaping machines by Hussey and McCormick in the same of Hussey''s reaper; in numerous cases the same machines had cut from 500 reaping machines on my farm this year cutting wheat, oats, and grass who had been accustomed to the working of the machine for some years, Mr. Hussey''s invention was (in the absence of the inventor) in the hands of id = 42275 author = nan title = Women in the Printing Trades: A Sociological Study. date = keywords = Act; FIRM; Factory; Footnote; London; Mr.; Mrs.; Paper; Society; Union; Week; Women; sidenote; work summary = Wages paid to Men and to Women for similar Work" (_Economic Journal_, "women''s wages should be the same as men''s for the same work." "To at night men do the work performed in the day by women. shape in machines worked by men, then passed to women to be "cemented," machine ruling and envelope making, women may work three days a week, numbers employed and time at which work is done, women being still In a firm where women made envelopes, one girl working from 9 a.m. to 8 managed by two girls and it does the work of eight women hand-folders. and women''s work, is now largely done by machines managed by men. certain large printing works was shown women folding one of the certain large printing works was shown women folding one of the women who have married whilst working in certain firms, or widows of men