Summary of your 'study carrel' ============================== This is a summary of your Distant Reader 'study carrel'. The Distant Reader harvested & cached your content into a collection/corpus. It then applied sets of natural language processing and text mining against the collection. The results of this process was reduced to a database file -- a 'study carrel'. The study carrel can then be queried, thus bringing light specific characteristics for your collection. These characteristics can help you summarize the collection as well as enumerate things you might want to investigate more closely. This report is a terse narrative report, and when processing is complete you will be linked to a more complete narrative report. Eric Lease Morgan Number of items in the collection; 'How big is my corpus?' ---------------------------------------------------------- 88 Average length of all items measured in words; "More or less, how big is each item?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 52714 Average readability score of all items (0 = difficult; 100 = easy) ------------------------------------------------------------------ 69 Top 50 statistically significant keywords; "What is my collection about?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 37 New 32 Mr. 27 States 26 United 24 General 23 York 21 London 20 Post 19 Office 18 England 16 Company 15 Railway 15 Government 14 St. 14 Sir 14 Postmaster 14 Ohio 13 West 13 River 13 John 12 illustration 12 House 11 Washington 11 State 11 Road 11 Pennsylvania 11 Great 11 Department 9 letter 9 british 9 american 9 Boston 8 Railroad 8 Pacific 8 North 8 Cumberland 8 Act 7 South 7 Parliament 7 Congress 7 Committee 7 Commission 7 Central 6 stamp 6 Virginia 6 Postage 6 Lake 6 King 6 Fort 6 Erie Top 50 lemmatized nouns; "What is discussed?" --------------------------------------------- 10389 letter 10066 year 9160 road 9093 rate 8992 time 7957 line 7303 mile 6595 day 6473 railroad 6119 man 5782 railway 5612 stamp 5515 office 5348 cent 5242 mail 5224 service 5194 post 4585 country 4512 company 4376 case 4162 part 3859 way 3846 place 3645 number 3535 business 3430 work 3402 train 3391 point 3303 postage 3218 system 2935 cost 2910 route 2908 charge 2867 order 2733 postmaster 2732 traffic 2693 fact 2666 interest 2612 passenger 2605 p. 2595 state 2517 car 2507 matter 2504 town 2376 hand 2352 horse 2306 distance 2241 packet 2238 paper 2224 side Top 50 proper nouns; "What are the names of persons or places?" -------------------------------------------------------------- 28247 _ 7326 | 6294 Post 5461 Mr. 5430 Office 4869 New 3717 London 3437 York 3331 United 3252 General 3050 States 2370 State 2359 England 2200 Government 2094 John 2007 St. 2004 Company 1962 Railway 1927 . 1897 Canada 1802 Postmaster 1755 Great 1617 Ohio 1607 Sir 1560 Pacific 1553 River 1553 House 1549 Act 1521 West 1503 Department 1489 Committee 1468 Commission 1376 Road 1282 Railroad 1259 Washington 1241 North 1207 Bristol 1194 C. 1178 Pennsylvania 1172 America 1162 W. 1142 William 1105 S. 1100 County 1070 July 1062 H. 1048 Parliament 1021 March 1012 Hill 1011 Lord Top 50 personal pronouns nouns; "To whom are things referred?" ------------------------------------------------------------- 35142 it 16892 he 12853 they 9560 i 8424 we 7023 them 4406 you 4169 him 1889 me 1781 us 1452 themselves 1416 himself 1219 she 1162 itself 446 her 431 one 276 myself 180 ourselves 97 yourself 85 herself 68 yours 35 mine 33 ours 32 theirs 29 his 14 ''em 10 ''s 9 boy:--you 8 thee 7 je 6 oneself 6 hers 5 £600 4 yo^{r 3 meself 3 em 2 ye 2 us:-- 2 outgo 2 o 2 là 2 ein 1 £550 1 £365 1 £3,000 1 £16 1 £1,821,541 1 |113|40 1 yourselves 1 ye''d Top 50 lemmatized verbs; "What do things do?" --------------------------------------------- 167717 be 43993 have 11659 make 9094 do 6343 take 5708 give 5204 say 4188 find 4176 go 4047 come 3972 carry 3757 follow 3697 pay 3398 know 3362 pass 3341 see 2976 send 2907 become 2842 receive 2712 use 2608 bring 2577 leave 2530 show 2518 call 2454 increase 2394 keep 2217 build 2209 get 2009 run 1886 seem 1880 provide 1852 require 1798 reach 1785 establish 1784 appear 1766 put 1752 think 1732 hold 1693 write 1549 consider 1496 begin 1481 issue 1481 bear 1458 meet 1433 obtain 1422 remain 1383 lead 1361 continue 1340 include 1320 open Top 50 lemmatized adjectives and adverbs; "How are things described?" --------------------------------------------------------------------- 21733 not 8228 other 8125 more 7415 so 7349 great 6565 only 5978 first 5403 such 5319 well 4911 as 4863 very 4744 same 4609 up 4527 now 4448 many 4202 large 4140 also 4087 much 4033 old 3969 most 3903 then 3900 new 3823 good 3719 long 3633 out 3298 general 3273 even 2959 far 2781 little 2677 less 2641 however 2539 own 2467 high 2400 early 2397 small 2348 still 2343 few 2315 about 2254 public 2191 thus 2132 last 2076 present 2001 here 1964 low 1943 down 1903 necessary 1870 postal 1791 further 1790 important 1740 never Top 50 lemmatized superlative adjectives; "How are things described to the extreme?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1155 good 940 least 905 most 505 great 304 high 268 large 236 early 176 low 160 bad 141 near 110 Most 108 short 101 late 82 old 82 fine 73 strong 72 slight 60 long 57 small 51 fast 46 full 46 big 38 cheap 36 heavy 33 manif 29 hard 29 able 27 simple 27 easy 26 young 26 rich 26 eld 24 wide 21 close 20 quick 18 poor 18 deep 18 broad 17 safe 17 common 16 rare 15 slow 15 busy 14 fit 13 swift 12 remote 12 new 12 keen 11 wise 11 mere Top 50 lemmatized superlative adverbs; "How do things do to the extreme?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3064 most 238 least 231 well 6 hard 4 worst 3 hathe 2 soon 2 near 2 highest 1 shortest 1 poorest 1 oldest 1 long 1 lest 1 greatest 1 farthest 1 clearest 1 broadest Top 50 Internet domains; "What Webbed places are alluded to in this corpus?" ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6 www.gutenberg.org 4 archive.org 2 www.gutenberg.net 2 www.archive.org Top 50 URLs; "What is hyperlinked from this corpus?" ---------------------------------------------------- 2 http://archive.org 1 http://www.gutenberg.org/files/44864/44864-h/44864-h.htm 1 http://www.gutenberg.org/files/44864/44864-h.zip 1 http://www.gutenberg.org/files/38328/38328-h/38328-h.htm 1 http://www.gutenberg.org/files/38328/38328-h.zip 1 http://www.gutenberg.org/files/37457/37457-h/37457-h.htm 1 http://www.gutenberg.org/files/37457/37457-h.zip 1 http://www.gutenberg.net/dirs/1/5/7/1/15713/15713-h/15713-h.htm 1 http://www.gutenberg.net/dirs/1/5/7/1/15713/15713-h.zip 1 http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924030133122 1 http://www.archive.org 1 http://archive.org/details/lettersfromoldra00hinerich 1 http://archive.org/details/coachingdaysways00cumi Top 50 email addresses; "Who are you gonna call?" ------------------------------------------------- 2 ccx074@pglaf.org 1 ccx074@coventry.ac.uk Top 50 positive assertions; "What sentences are in the shape of noun-verb-noun?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 45 _ see _ 20 office is not 19 office did not 17 office was not 13 letters were not 12 time went on 11 office had not 11 stamps were not 10 _ is _ 10 service was not 9 _ used _ 9 letters was not 9 rates were not 9 time was not 8 _ was _ 8 country has ever 8 office was able 8 office was still 8 railroads are not 8 rates are not 8 stamps were first 7 companies did not 7 company did not 7 letters did not 7 men were not 7 office was now 7 railroads have not 7 rate does not 7 service is not 7 stamps did not 7 stamps were also 6 _ brought forward 6 _ carried forward 6 posts did not 6 rate was not 6 road did not 6 road was not 6 road was then 6 roads were so 6 stamps are not 6 time did not 6 time is not 5 _ did space 5 _ had _ 5 _ was not 5 companies were able 5 letter had not 5 letter was not 5 mail leaving london 5 men did not Top 50 negative assertions; "What sentences are in the shape of noun-verb-no|not-noun?" --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3 office had no control 3 time was not far 2 country is not more 2 country were not sufficiently 2 letters were no longer 2 mails are not excessive 2 office is not only 2 office is not responsible 2 office is not unfrequently 2 road are not excessive 2 road has not yet 2 stamps are not redeemable 2 stamps showed no appreciable 2 stamps were not then 2 time is not far 2 time was not ripe 1 _ is not so 1 _ was not alone 1 _ was not satisfactory 1 case is not directly 1 case was no better 1 case was not quite 1 cases is not only 1 cent was not sufficient 1 cents is no doubt 1 cents was not so 1 companies are not only 1 companies found no counterparts 1 companies had no legal 1 companies had no right 1 companies had no way 1 companies was no longer 1 company are not likely 1 company did not only 1 company did not thereby 1 company had not even 1 company has no agent 1 company has no such 1 company have no station 1 company is not only 1 company paid no less 1 company were no doubt 1 company were no less 1 company were not averse 1 countries make not more 1 countries were not comparable 1 country are not definitely 1 country does not absolutely 1 country had not yet 1 country has no cause A rudimentary bibliography -------------------------- id = 48693 author = Adams, Charles Francis title = Notes on Railroad Accidents date = keywords = Board; Boston; Britain; England; Great; London; Massachusetts; New; Revere; Trade; Westinghouse; accident; american; car; english; railroad; train summary = first passenger coach, causing the whole train to leave the track On the day of the Angola accident the eastern bound express train all cases of English railroad accidents resulting in death, mention first case a regular train made up of a locomotive and seven cars, passenger portion of the train were two second-class cars filled single-track road, came in collision with a regular train. The train seems to have run nearly half a mile after the accident passenger trains, in which each car is provided with brakes, are the only railroad accident resulting in the death of a passenger source of danger to railroad trains is due to broken tracks. single train accident during the year. than there are now through accidents to railroad trains. resulting either to passengers or employés from train accidents. how, in case of accident, anything whatever is left of the train. id = 20209 author = Anonymous title = History of Steam on the Erie Canal date = keywords = Baxter; Buffalo; New; York summary = made the trip from Buffalo to West Troy in seven days, total time, commerce of the State, the steam canal-boat _Cathcart_ was tried. The _Wack_ was 7 days, total time, with boat in tow, from Buffalo to Troy. The _Sternburg_ was 28 hours, total time, with boat in tow, from Buffalo to The _Ruggles_ was 5-1/2 days, net time, with boat in tow, from Buffalo to Troy, and 6 days 14 hours, net time, from Buffalo to New York. The _Gold Hunter_ was 7 days 5 hours, total time, without tow, from Buffalo The _Wack''s_ through time from Buffalo to West Troy, with boat in tow, is The _Ruggles''_ net time, from Buffalo to New York, with boat in tow, is WE THEREFORE OBSERVE: That the policy of introducing steam canal-boats as _Ruggles_ and _City of Buffalo_, to carry freight and tow three boats each, id = 13718 author = Bacon, Edwin M. (Edwin Monroe) title = Manual of Ship Subsidies An Historical Summary of the Systems of All Nations date = keywords = Company; Con; Footnote; Government; Great; New; States; U.S.; United; York; american; british; french summary = Much of the British shipping trade was carried on in American-built Meanwhile the British ocean-mail subsidy system for steamship service, for a weekly service to New York at a fixed subsidy of eighty thousand line of American-built ships,[AU] the British subsidies were again [Footnote A: Royal Meeker, "History of Ship Subsidies."] foreign-built ships, and granted increased construction premiums. thousand gross tons of sailing-ships; of which new tonnage freight-built steamers, nine krone per ton; employed in deep-sea trade,--sailing-ships, The navigation bounties on foreign-built ships were reduced by half, United States ship company in the transatlantic service. classes in ocean service, sailing-ships as well as steamers. bounties, or subsidies, to American sailing and steam-ships engaged in The new mail subsidies provided for ten specified lines of "steamships _Japan_: State aid to steamship companies; mail subsidies; construction _China_: State aid to steamship companies; subsidies to ship-yards. _United States_: mail subsidies to seven steamship lines. id = 49371 author = Bagley, Clarence title = The Waterways of the Pacific Northwest date = keywords = Columbia; Oregon; River summary = Francisco by steamer and to Oregon and Washington by sailing craft of whom lived north of the Columbia River; in 1860 Oregon had great water powers of the Columbia, Fraser, Willamette or smaller River in 1850, and between the former city and Puget Sound about known to have sailed from the Columbia River to Puget Sound and Snake River, in Oregon, Washington and Idaho, including $85,000 appropriated by the state of Washington, $338,786.43; Columbia River, Oregon and Washington, including $25,000 from the state of Washington, $494,600.84; Columbia River at The Dalles, Oregon the Cascades of the Columbia River, Oregon and Washington, $3,912,473.33; Columbia River between Vancouver, Washington, and the mouth of the Willamette River, $97,532.16; Oregon Slough (North River, near Oregon City, Oregon, $344.22; Columbia and Lower Willamette rivers below Portland, Oregon, $3,577,958.35; mouth of Columbia River, Oregon and Washington, $13,156,162.52; Clatskanie Washington, and Clatskanie River, Oregon, dredge and snagboat, id = 22598 author = Bailey, William Francis title = The Story of the First Trans-Continental Railroad Its Projectors, Construction and History date = keywords = Central; City; Company; Congress; Denver; Government; Kansas; Omaha; Pacific; President; Railroad; Railway; River; Union summary = creating the Union Pacific Railroad Company it also authorized the Railroad Company to build on east one hundred and fifty miles to meet There were granted to the Union Pacific Railroad Company under its of Wadsworth, Nev. The Union Pacific Railroad located their line to the service of the Union Pacific Railroad Company as General The men who built the Union Pacific Railroad are entitled to great the Central Pacific Railroad, they having laid ten miles the day before, and six miles for the Union Pacific Railroad, the latter being Canon, while the Union Pacific Railroad had located their line to the Union Pacific Railroad Company by the Government. the main line of the Union Pacific Railroad,--the idea being to secure lines with the Union Pacific Railroad Company in 1880. Line of the Union Pacific Railroad who in accepting business at Dillon, President of the Union Pacific Railroad Company; id = 37024 author = Benedict, Bertram title = The Express Companies of the United States: A Study of a Public Utility date = keywords = Commission; Company; Express; Government; Post; States; United; parcel summary = service rendered by express and parcel-post is then dealt with, and the The express company in the United States collects from the shipper the the same year the United States Express Company was organized. express companies--the collection of packages for the railroads Accordingly in 1917 the number of parcels expressed in the United States which differentiate at present the parcel-post from the express service. _Express Company_ _Parcel Post_ for distances at which the parcel-post rates are lower than the express the express service not performed at present by the post office, the inclusion of the express service in the parcel post would increase the In each case, the express companies collect the parcel and competition between the parcel post and the express companies, the Government of a monopoly of the express service of the United States to the parcel-post from the express companies a larger number of smaller the parcel-post and express service. id = 40002 author = Berthold, Victor Maximilian title = The Die Varieties of the Nesbitt Series of United States Envelopes date = keywords = CENTS; VAR; illustration summary = Variety I:--"CENTS" close to outer oval line. Variety 3:--"C" is above level of "E", near inner oval line and close Variety 4.--"CENTS" is close to outer frame line and "C" is far from Variety 9:--"CENTS" near inner oval line. Variety 11:--"CENTS" near inner oval line; "C" high, and a little Variety 12:--"CENTS" close to inner frame line, especially "C". As far as we know, letter size envelopes, bearing Die 2, were issued in the upper left curve and the inner, white, frame-line will the upper left curve and the inner, white, frame-line will Variety 17:--LOWER LEFT CURVE COMMENCES NEAR TOP OF "C" OF Variety 18:--LOWER LEFT CURVE SLANTS BACK AND IS FAR FROM Variety 20:--"C" HIGH; NEAR INNER OVAL LINE AND CLOSE TO "CENTS" close, far from inner frame line and letters in a "U" large, far from left oval, and near inner frame line. "U" wide, close to inner frame line and near left oval. id = 43857 author = Boston Public Library title = Catalogue of books on philately in the Public Library of the city of Boston date = keywords = Boston; Co.; Massachusetts; St. summary = postage stamps to the United States Post Office Department, at the numbers of United States adhesive postage stamps, issued from 1890 Catalogue of United States and foreign postage stamps, 1-9, from $"A B C" descriptive priced catalogue of the world''s postage stamps, $Catalogue of British, Colonial, and foreign postage stamps. The American Philatelic Association and the adhesive postage stamp. $The philatelic catalogue of postal stamps, envelopes, wrappers and $A hand catalogue of postage stamps, 2d edition.$ $The illustrated postage stamp catalogue of United States and History and catalogue of the stamped envelopes of the United States. -New York: Scott Stamp & Coin Co., 1899, 75pp., illus. Descriptive priced catalogue of American postage stamps, including $Walter Morley''s catalogue and price list of the revenue stamps of $Walter Morley''s catalogue and price list of the stamps of Great Handbook for the collector of postage stamps, illus. id = 4671 author = Bradley, Glenn D. (Glenn Danford) title = The Story of the Pony Express date = keywords = California; City; Co.; Express; Fort; Lake; Missouri; Pacific; Pony; River; Salt; St.; West summary = over the old stage line from Atchison to Salt Lake City and purchased the mail route and outfit then operating between Salt Lake City and Eastern Division of the Pony Express line which lay between St. Joseph express rider line between New York and Washington. information from the War arrived over the California Pony Express and by the average horse or pony in the Express service could be crowded to the Cody entered the Pony Express service just after the line had been This route, which ran from St. Joseph to Salt Lake City, was later combined with a line that had been Express Co.--consolidated the old California line, which had been run overland mail--running six times a week--was started between St. Joseph and Placerville, California, 1,920 miles by the way of Forts traffic, due to the daily Overland Stage Line and the Pony Express would id = 19414 author = Campbell, Alexander title = General Instructions for the Guidance of Post Office Inspectors in the Dominion of Canada date = keywords = General; Mail; Office; Postmaster summary = You and any officer under you having the rank of Assistant P.O. Inspector, have authority to require any Postmaster or Assistant Postmaster in any Post Offices, Mail Contractor or other person in the should be reported to the Postmaster General, the name of the office 6. Letters from Post Office Department not numbered. 9. Book for recording number of miles travelled by Railway Mail case may be reported on for the Postmaster General''s consideration. 2. In cases where the Postmaster is required to perform duty between required to re-mail letters and papers for and from other offices. however, a Railway Mail Clerk is reported to the Postmaster General as 8. When a Mail Clerk or Postmaster has a large number of letters for 1. All cases of alleged loss of mails or letters, or of abstraction the date of the post-mark of the office at which mailed, and by the id = 39569 author = Chalmers, Patrick title = The Adhesive Postage Stamp date = keywords = Chalmers; Hill; Mr.; Office; Postage; Rowland; Sir summary = stamp in the reformed Penny Postage system of 1840, the plan proposed by THE PENNY POSTAGE SCHEME OF SIR ROWLAND HILL NOT ORIGINAL. In this dilemma, as to _how_ to carry out the scheme in practice, Mr. Wallace favourably suggested the adhesive stamp, the adoption of which July and August, 1839, not a word is said in any way connecting Mr. Hill''s name with other than the impressed stamp on the sheet of letter Rowland Hill and James Chalmers, the Inventor of the Adhesive Stamp," record, but not one of a proposed adhesive stamp--while Sir Rowland Hill Postage Scheme, Mr. Chalmers sent in his plan of an adhesive stamp to adoption of the adhesive stamp on his part, for, as will be seen, Mr. Chalmers subsequently returned to Mr. Hill a copy of this very letter was the inventor of the adhesive postage stamp--Mr. Pearson Hill has not id = 45092 author = Clarke, Geoffrey title = The Post Office of India and Its Story date = keywords = Act; Bengal; Bombay; Calcutta; Company; Department; Director; District; Expedition; Field; Force; General; Government; Imperial; India; Mr.; Office; Post; Postal; Postmaster; Railway; Superintendent; british summary = Directors-General of the Post Office of India, for their assistance in to use the new postage stamps, post offices were forbidden to accept any value-payable postal article; at the same time the Post Office is Mail Service, which used to be called the Travelling Post Office. money order work post offices were classified under four heads: into the nearest post office in order to show the postal importance Post Office clerks could not sort letters for all stations in India, Postal Service, Suez and Bombay," was raised to six mail officers, Field Postal Service has been a feature of the Indian Post Office for THE INDIAN FIELD POST OFFICE DURING THE GREAT WAR THE INDIAN FIELD POST OFFICE DURING THE GREAT WAR 4. The post offices and mail lines in Oude, generally, became post offices, Peshawar Division, was placed in charge of field postal Postmaster-General, Punjab, arranged for field post offices, and the id = 28704 author = Codman, John title = Free Ships: The Restoration of the American Carrying Trade date = keywords = England; Mr.; New; Roach; american; ship summary = and that New England ships--for nearly all vessels were built in that their commerce in British built ships was one exciting cause of the England had abandoned that class of vessels in favor of iron screw back in memory to the time when in the days of sailing ships, our take them to equal American shipbuilders in skill, material and cost. new motors on the sea by means of wooden sailing ships and paddle the cost of a ship in the United States, and that in the country where given, applies with greater force to ship building than to any other shipbuilding or ship owning. difference in cost of British and American steamships _of the same now build steamships cheaper and better than they can be built upon rates paid to men in the ship-yard while on time, but this known iron ship and engine building firm of New York. id = 52244 author = Committee on Railway Mail Pay title = Mail Carrying Railways Underpaid date = keywords = Department; General; Office; Post; Postmaster; railway summary = A Statement by the Committee on Railway Mail Pay representing 214,275 containing facts and figures which prove that Railway Mail Pay does mail service, itself, is the great expense which the railways his attack upon the present basis of railway mail pay by a theory so THE MAIL SERVICE SUPPLIED BY THE RAILWAYS COSTS THEM MORE IN THE MAIL SERVICE SUPPLIED BY THE RAILWAYS COSTS THEM MORE IN submitted to the Postmaster-General by railways operating 2,411 mail expenses of the passenger train services but these special mail necessary cost of railway property per unit of service has increased, was not excessive, the rates of payment for railway mail services have in the cost of supplying railway mail services and facilities since service and the Post Office Department will not deny that the railways would authorize each Postmaster-General to fix railway mail pay on the General Superintendent of Railway Mail Service." Section 1186, third id = 38542 author = Cumberland, Barlow title = A Century of Sail and Steam on the Niagara River date = keywords = Buffalo; Canada; Capt; Captain; Chicora; City; Cumberland; Falls; Kingston; Lake; Lewiston; Mr.; New; Niagara; Ontario; Queenston; Railway; River; States; Steamer; Toronto; United; York summary = from the Niagara River to the undeveloped routes of the Upper Lakes leads There were in 1826 five steamers running on the Niagara River Route. given as "the steamer _Great Britain_ leaves Niagara every five days, the many years was connected with steamboating on the Niagara River Route. Centre States by steamer to Buffalo, and thence, via the Niagara River to between Toronto, Niagara, Queenston and Lewiston, for which the steamer Freight Route by steamer across the lake was opened to Lewiston, from where was an opening for a good boat upon the Niagara River route. first-class steamer between Toronto and Niagara-on-the-Lake in connection another steamer in the Niagara River route had evidently attracted the steamer the _Rothesay_ up to Lake Ontario, or the St. Lawrence River. regularity of the steamers and the reputation of the Niagara River Line has When leaving the dock on the Niagara River Line steamers at Lewiston, or id = 44864 author = Cuming, E. D. (Edward William Dirom) title = Coaching Days & Ways date = keywords = Club; London; Mr.; coach; horse; mile; road summary = posterity, if only for that he altered the coach team from three horses June 1807 says: ''Lately one of the stage coaches on the North road ran ''The old-fashioned coachman to a heavy coach--and they were all heavy distance of 26 miles, both coaches changing horses at Loughborough. unmerciful rate!" "Change horses, sir!" says the proprietor; "why, we alarmed--is sure the horses are running away with the coach--declares says he, "have you any _slow_ coach down this road to-day?" "Why, of the present day--in other words, of a man who drives a coach which slow coach, she is timed at eight miles in the hour through a great of being the best five miles for a coach to be found at this time in horse, in 1791, trotted 17 miles in 58 minutes 40 seconds on the three horses in a gig, tandem fashion, eleven miles within the hour id = 45563 author = Darroch, G. R. S. title = Deeds of a Great Railway A record of the enterprise and achievements of the London and North-Western Railway company during the Great War date = keywords = Army; August; Committee; Company; Cooke; Crewe; England; France; George; Government; House; Lloyd; London; Mr.; North; Railway; Sir; Times; War; Western; Works; british; french; german; illustration summary = A Crewe Tractor as Light-Railway Engine on Active Service 130 London and North-Western Railway War Memorial, Euston 210 the German Government that a state of war exists between Great Britain state of efficiency obtaining on the great British railway companies, North-Western Railway Company at Crewe an express passenger engine great London and North-Western Railway Company, whose Chief Mechanical then General Manager of the London and North-Western Railway, and Mr. Bowen-Cooke, for the purpose of eliciting their views as to the extent War Office to the railway companies, to assist in the manufacture of Company''s locomotive Works at Crewe became, in great measure, as it of the London and North-Western Railway Company''s Locomotive Works at The output of 6-inch high-explosive shells from Crewe Works had, at the working of the traffic of the railways during the war was due far and the successful operation of British railways during the war is id = 20074 author = Gasquoine, C. P. (Charles Penrhyn) title = The Story of the Cambrian: A Biography of a Railway date = keywords = Aberystwyth; Cambrian; Company; Davies; Ellesmere; John; Llanidloes; Machynlleth; Montgomeryshire; Mr.; Newtown; Oswestry; Owen; Railway; Savin; Shrewsbury; Wales; Welshpool; Western; Whalley summary = for constructing a railway connecting the existing line at Shrewsbury of the Oswestry and Newtown Railway Co.; The late SIR W. high time "an independent" railway company, more directly under local the Oswestry and Newtown Company the intention of "disuniting the line [Picture: Sod cutting ceremony of the Oswestry and Newtown Railway, at Oswestry and Newtown Railway, on the occasion of turning the first Six trains ran each way between Oswestry and Welshpool on week-days and by which the Great Western Company undertook to work the line for 40 per board room Mr. Gartside, a Director of the Oswestry and Newtown Railway former days, on the Cambrian, as on some other lines, every engine had Great Western Railway: Loop Line at Oswestry Proposed 69. Newtown and Machynlleth Railway Company: First Meeting 54. Oswestry: Approval of being on Great Western Railway Main Line 71. Oswestry and Newtown Railway: Commencement of Line 36. id = 20388 author = Great Britain. Board of Trade. Railway Department title = Report of the Railway Department of the Board of Trade on the London, Worcester, and Wolverhampton, and on the Birmingham and Shrewsbury Districts date = keywords = Birmingham; Company; London; Railway summary = importance to the district of obtaining a good Railway communication, in district for Railway communication, and with two great Companies The Great Western scheme is proposed to be constructed on the wide gauge system; while the scheme of the London and Birmingham Company is proposed consideration is the more important as, under the system of the clearinghouse, the whole stock of the narrow-gauge Railways of the country may be Birmingham Railway and places south of the line of the Great Western Cornwall and all places south of the line of the Great Western Railway, London and Birmingham and Great Western Railways. London and Birmingham and Great Western Railways. district, in favour of the London and Birmingham line, and narrow-gauge communication with London, but also a narrow-gauge Railway to place them Great Western scheme, in respect of the gauge and other points, to adopt line and that of the London and Birmingham Railway. id = 42983 author = Hemmeon, Joseph Clarence title = The History of the British Post Office date = keywords = Cal; Com; Company; England; General; Geo; House; Ibid; Ireland; Kingdom; London; Office; Parliament; Post; Postmaster; Rep.; United; iii; letter summary = Reductions in letter, newspaper, and book post rates. called the Post Office of England, and one Postmaster-General nominated increased greatly the number of letters carried by the General Post. These orders were given to all the Post Office clerks and letter by an act of Parliament passed in the same year, the Post Office was letters passing first by the General Post, for on these the old rate letter collected.[210] The General Post receiving-houses closed at 7 against each postmaster, one for unpaid letters posted in London, and Penny Post Letters.[603] Three years later the rates and distances for Postmasters-General of England might at any time establish post offices the high rates charged by the Post Office for the conveyance of letters For letters delivered to the Post Office to be sent country bank notes delivered at the General Post Office in London. office of Postmaster-General and not the carrying of letters.[757] id = 44853 author = Hine, Charles De Lano title = Letters from an Old Railway Official to His Son, a Division Superintendent date = keywords = LETTER; car; dear; good; man; official; road; run; superintendent; time; train; work summary = in a position to do good to your company, to your fellow man, and struggle with nature, this helping God to work out the good in men, Next time I shall try to tell you something about helping your train coming official could be given training in various positions. To the human mind an engine or a motor is a train, while a cut of cars Train.--An engine (or motor) in service, with or without cars. to-day is a better man, because the race improves all the time, but he flag is the time when the operator is most likely to let two trains in Train your men to do things because they are right, because it is men we let him work on our right of way? right man at the right time, of having previously worked with the general superintendent frequently hitching his car to this train. id = 45444 author = Hine, Charles De Lano title = Letters from an Old Railway Official. Second Series: [To] His Son, a General Manager date = keywords = Assistant; General; LETTER; Manager; chief; department; division; man; office; official; railway; superintendent; train summary = A. Why, the officers run the road, the men do the work. to be signed by the general manager and the division superintendent. superintendents when we, the executive and general officers, place upon assistant superintendents riding different trains on the road than to general offices, and to co-ordinate units, the superintendent is an superintendent of dining cars, are line officers exercising direct On a small railway the chief engineer as a line officer may be able to superintendent or other official when he sees the train auditor come to it, check up a few general superintendents'' offices and study the the office of the superintendent of the division, a component unit of as that of the general superintendent and his office is then directed superintendent''s office to dispatch trains. Such assistant general manager, as a line officer, would be his own superintendent''s office in order that division records may be id = 40840 author = Holbrook, James title = Ten Years Among the Mail Bags Or, Notes from the Diary of a Special Agent of the Post-Office Department date = keywords = Agent; Assistant; Blake; Boston; Brooklyn; CHAPTER; Carleton; Clark; Congress; Court; Department; General; Government; Harmon; Harrowfork; John; March; Master; Mr.; New; Office; Pat; Post; Special; States; United; Washington; York; letter; mail; person; time summary = Practical Information--Post-Office Laws--Improved Letter masters, post-office clerks, and mail messengers, whose spheres of way letters were obtained from all these post masters in the course of In the mean time, the Post-Office Department had been informed of the Mail Key--A Lady Assistant--Post-Office Records--The official the Mail Key--A Lady Assistant--Post-Office Records--The official Bank Letter lost--The Thief decoyed--Post-Office at Bank Letter lost--The Thief decoyed--Post-Office at This person had held the office of post master in a place of some note the New York post-office, was one referring to a letter written by a On the following day a letter was deposited in the post-office, at to say that he had some weeks since mailed a letter at the post-office many of the letters passing-through the post-office, before the A person receiving a letter from the post-office by mistake, or post-office, any letter or packet; or, if any person shall take id = 37457 author = Howes, Clifton A. (Clifton Armstrong) title = Canada: Its Postage Stamps and Postal Stationery date = keywords = Act; American; British; Canada; Co.; Department; General; July; June; Mr.; Office; Ottawa; Post; Postage; Postmaster; Report; States; United; Weekly; canadian; letter; stamp summary = on "The Postage Stamps, Envelopes, Wrappers and Post Cards of the North States Postage Stamps on Letters coming into Canada, are to be taken United Kingdom at the new rate, postage stamps of the value of 10d. The cents issue of Canadian stamps therefore dates from July 1, 1859. most values of the Post Office Department stamps of the United States. Engraving and printing postage stamps for Post Office Department, jubilee by the issue of a new 3-cent postage stamp appropriate to The half cent stamp of the new issue was placed on sale today [9th them and the new 2 cent stamps, the Post Office Department decided upon rate of postage they were surcharged and issued as 2 cent stamps." The seven-cent postage stamp to accounting post offices throughout The Report of 1902 notes the last issue of the 3 cent stamp in March, 1. Letter envelopes bearing an impressed postage stamp of one cent, id = 3098 author = Hulbert, Archer Butler title = The Paths of Inland Commerce; A Chronicle of Trail, Road, and Waterway date = keywords = America; Baltimore; Canal; Cumberland; Erie; Fulton; Great; Lake; Mississippi; New; Ohio; Pennsylvania; Potomac; River; Road; States; Virginia; Washington; West; York; western summary = Lake Erie--the present line of the Erie Canal and the New York Central after its capture, a new day dawned for the great region to the West. later years, when the Erie Canal gave promise of a new era in American up to the time when the completion of the Erie Canal set new standards. Louisville is as old a port of the United States as New York or Cumberland Road and the Erie Canal, coöperating respectively with Ohio Meanwhile New York, the other great rival for Western trade, was intent engineers of the Cumberland Road, now nearing the Ohio River, had connecting canal from the Ohio to the Great Lakes. the end of the Erie Canal, lies the empire of the Great Lakes, inland roads of the Old French War period, the Ohio River as a pathway of Western Canals in the State of New New York (State), Washington foresees communication lines of, 9; canal id = 33706 author = Hulbert, Archer Butler title = The Future of Road-making in America date = keywords = Government; Jersey; New; States; United; good; great; material; road; stone; surface; water summary = church; good roads make it possible for a larger proportion of country the cost of new roads as follows: The state pays twenty-five per cent, Whether the road be constructed of earth, stone, or gravel, steep grades condition of thousands of miles of earth roads in the United States. communities to build good stone roads, a surface of gravel may than broken stone or gravel of good quality, and consequently roads made The greatest obstacles to good stone road construction in most places in The materials employed for surfacing roads should be both hard and If a road is built of tough, hard stone, and if the binding material has A mile of broken stone road, fifteen feet wide, costs in the state values of the different varieties of rock as road material, and good these roads constructed of stone macadam. construct eleven miles of stone road nine feet wide for $40,000? id = 41008 author = Hulbert, Archer Butler title = The Great American Canals (Volume 2, The Erie Canal) date = keywords = Albany; Canal; Class; Erie; Falls; Hudson; Lake; Mohawk; Mr.; New; Section; State; York summary = The "great western" route through New York State to the Lakes has come of a canal from lake Erie across the country to the Hudson river. from Buffalo to New York on the Erie Canal when it was at last built. making a canal navigation between the great lakes and Hudson''s river, of New-York, so soon as a canal shall be opened from lake Erie to of completing the canal 254 miles from Utica to Lake Erie was affected by the canal, from New York City to Buffalo, is divided by Mr. Winden into three sections; the first covers the Hudson River valley 15, 1900, stating "That the canals connecting the Hudson River with Lake Western Canals in the State of New York_ (Albany, 1820). Western Canals in the State of New York_, p. Western Canals in the State of New York_, p. Western Canals in the State of New York_, p. id = 41030 author = Hulbert, Archer Butler title = Pioneer Roads and Experiences of Travelers (Volume 2) date = keywords = Creek; Erie; Genesee; March; Mr.; New; Ohio; River; Road; State; Susquehanna; Turnpike; Virginia; Washington; West; York; mile summary = the Potomac River all that the Erie Canal and the Cumberland Road returning home by way of the Great Kanawha and New Rivers, in order to northwestern Virginia to the Ohio River was Braddock''s Road; for this it; ..." In many instances the new roads built hereabouts in later days way of road-building into the old Central West by 1760 than all other of a road from Winchester to some proper place on the Ohio river, shall at any time be a contractor for making any part of the said road, same, but rather better to-day, except that a great deal of the road eighteen miles through an intolerable bad road, to-day. got to ---at the Black Horse, four and a half miles to breakfast. is in Wood County, West Virginia, eighteen miles by the Ohio River from The Great Genesee Road, as it was early known, began at old Fort id = 41041 author = Hulbert, Archer Butler title = The Cumberland Road date = keywords = Columbus; Cumberland; House; Illinois; Indiana; Ohio; Pennsylvania; Road; States; Tavern; United; West; Wheeling; Zanesville summary = large with the story of the road west of the Ohio River, especially in The Cumberland Road was best known in some parts as the "United States" the subject _The Old National Road_ formerly published by the Ohio State opening, and making roads within the said state of Ohio; and secondly, fifth continued on the road to Columbus, Ohio, and points further west. As Mr. Searight has said, the travel of the road west of the Ohio may have been Road crossed the Ohio River, a number of taverns were erected on the this first wagon-road west of the Ohio River the earliest taverns were both of the great cities of Ohio, the Cumberland Road will become, for making the road from Cumberland to the state of Ohio, to be for making the road from Cumberland to the state of Ohio, to be paid ADVERTISEMENT OF CUMBERLAND ROAD TAVERN IN OHIO--1837 id = 41067 author = Hulbert, Archer Butler title = Pioneer Roads and Experiences of Travelers (Volume 1) date = keywords = America; Cumberland; Kentucky; Lancaster; Mr.; New; Ohio; Pennsylvania; Philadelphia; River; Road; States; United; Washington; York; indian summary = road passed along declivities or over hills, the path was in some places The soft roads of the summer time were useless so far as heavy loads of The real work of opening roads in America began, of course, on the Thus the typical pioneer road even before the day of wagons was a old routes of travel were often very wide, especially in wet places; in Traveling by stage, except on the half dozen good roads then the said road or any part thereof with more than six horses, nor shall hundred and six miles of these roads in New York State alone, and the The route pursued was the old state road begun in 1785 running through Hagar''s-town; being, like them, on the high road to the western country, "Anything seems a good road to you where the horse will not have to id = 41118 author = Hulbert, Archer Butler title = The Old Glade (Forbes''s) Road (Pennsylvania State Road) date = keywords = Bouquet; Braddock; Carlisle; Clair; Cumberland; Forbes; Fort; General; Indians; Ohio; Pennsylvania; Road; St.; Virginia; Washington summary = Fort Franklin was erected on the old road at Shippensburg, twenty miles three forts were on the old road westward, showing that this route was Fort Loudoun was erected on the old road in 1756, one mile east of the provincials was to march over Braddock''s Road against Fort Duquesne; an Carlisle and Bedford, and go on to Fort Duquesne over Braddock''s Road. cutting the Road to Rays Town from Fort Cumberland, it may be done in 4 must cut the Road along the Path from Fort Cumberland to Reas Town and Washington at Fort Cumberland, Bouquet at Raystown, and Forbes at affirmed that Forbes could not reach Fort Duquesne by a new road before much to Pennsylvania to have Forbes cut a road to the Ohio in both of himself supervised the cutting of Forbes''s road westward from Fort roadway to the Ohio; had Forbes followed Braddock''s Road to Fort Pitt, id = 41143 author = Hulbert, Archer Butler title = Boone''s Wilderness Road date = keywords = Boone; Creek; Cumberland; Fort; Gap; Henderson; Indians; John; Kentucky; New; North; Ohio; River; Road; Virginia; Walker; West summary = man''s road by the first white army that ever crossed the Ohio River into Virginians secured a grant of land south of the Ohio and directly west troops which conquered the land between the Ohio River and the Great at a new settlement at the mouth of Otter Creek on the Kentucky River Tennessee River to the Shawnee Indian towns on the Ohio, which path they north, crossing some of the head branches of the Kentucky River over a the Cumberland Mountains and the Ohio River, now the state of Kentucky. and Kanawha Rivers, where the Ohio Company''s grant of land was made. Boone''s Road followed this path northward, whereupon, leaving the Indian Road was attacked by Indians not far from the Kentucky border. of the Indian nations which lay between the Ohio River and the Great first portion of the land north of the Ohio River to come under the id = 41152 author = Hulbert, Archer Butler title = Braddock''s Road and Three Relative Papers date = keywords = America; Braddock; Creek; Cumberland; Duquesne; England; Fort; French; General; Indians; Men; Mr.; New; Ohio; Pennsylvania; Road; Virginia; Washington summary = Braddock Washington''s little force retraced their steps over the road Sending Braddock and his army to Virginia against the French on the Ohio Braddock had crossed half of the Atlantic his Quartermaster-General, St. Clair, had passed all the way through Virginia and Maryland to Fort Braddock to Sir John Robinson from Fort Cumberland, June 5: Braddock''s army under Halket and Dunbar proceeded to Fort Cumberland road very Mountanious, March''d 11 Miles, when we came to a River call''d Regiments--An Indian came in 6 days from the French Fort, and assured us to make the least move to provide an Indian army for Braddock''s use. Braddock''s Run, a mile and more east of Fort Necessity, in Great army had crossed and marched about a mile, Braddock received a note from advanced so far as to kill a French officer within half a mile of Fort description of routes converging on Braddock''s Road at Fort Cumberland id = 41167 author = Hulbert, Archer Butler title = Military Roads of the Mississippi Basin date = keywords = Butler; Clair; Clark; County; Fort; General; Indians; Kaskaskia; Maumee; Miami; Ohio; River; St.; Wabash; Washington; Wayne summary = On the first day of July, then, the little army moved from near the Crossing the Kaskaskia River February 5, 1779, Clark''s army lay three days passed we shall see that Clark hurried on in order to get his men When, near Olney, Clark''s men crossed the Fox River on the 16th of On September 30 the regulars under General Harmar left Fort Washington, Armstrong''s record for the day reads: "The army moved from Fort army was to march from Cincinnati, Ohio, and erect a fort on the site of hundred militia, the army under Butler crossed the Miami River and There is no record that St. Clair followed an Indian trail until near the center of Darke County. army moved down the Ohio to a distance of seven miles above Fort This day Clark affirms that the army crossed the trace This day the army encamped forty-one miles from Fort Defiance and id = 41179 author = Hulbert, Archer Butler title = Portage Paths: The Keys of the Continent date = keywords = Creek; Erie; Fort; French; Lake; Lawrence; Mississippi; New; Ohio; River; St.; Wabash; York; indian; portage summary = Lake Chautauqua, and, a few miles westward, we cross the portage path the historic portage near Fort Wayne, Indiana, which connects the Maumee portages.[9] The finding of Lakes Huron and Ontario and the routes to The Hudson-Lake George portage marked the most important course from portages and the forts that were built show that these historic paths As a site for forts the old portage paths came to take an important Hudson--Wood Creek--Lake Portage to Fort Ann. Hudson--Lake Mohawk--Wood Creek Strategic portage in the ancient Indian name of Eel River--North Lake Portage the name shortest route from the lakes to the Ohio was by a portage from first portage path from the Great Lakes toward the Ohio. portages, took the traveler from Lake Erie to the Ohio by these routes. At the head of the Maumee--the "Miami river of Lake Erie"--a portage The route up the Illinois river and by portage into the id = 44135 author = Huldermann, Bernhard title = Albert Ballin date = keywords = Amerika; Ballin; Berlin; Britain; Chancellor; Company; Government; Great; Hamburg; Kaiser; Line; Lloyd; London; Morgan; Mr.; New; Packetfahrt; Prince; Sir; States; York; american; british; german summary = busy life, and the early days which the boy Ballin spent in his father''s vessel." The British lines replied to Ballin''s threat by declaring that more far-reaching agreements with the British lines made its continued Northern Europe, including Great Britain--Ballin, at the proposal of the any German ports, and the Hamburg company agreed not to run any services "''Ballin, Director General of the Hamburg-Amerika Linie, New York. In Great Britain the news that some big British shipping companies had New York, in which he described the general situation, Ballin stated great danger with which British shipping was threatened at that time, Parliament discussed German and British naval policy in great detail. of German armaments would lead to war with Great Britain no later than had taken place in Anglo-German relations, but also that Great Britain During the most critical period of the existence of the monarchy--i.e. during the war--Ballin''s influence on the Kaiser was but slight. id = 39021 author = Hungerford, Edward title = The Story of the Rome, Watertown, and Ogdensburg Railroad date = keywords = Black; Central; Country; Lawrence; Mr.; New; North; Northern; Ogdensburgh; Oswego; President; Railroad; River; Rome; Utica; Watertown; York summary = In that year the Watertown & Rome Railroad began its really active Watertown & Rome Railroad, the pioneer road of Northern New York, was the building of a railroad across the Northern Tier of New York counties, that year--that the Watertown & Rome Railroad was first incorporated and Saratoga it might at least build one to the new Watertown & Rome road When hard times came upon the Rome, Watertown & Ogdensburgh these cars this state, who recalls one fine day there in the mid-seventies, when Mr. Massey--the President of the road, came walking out of the Watertown moved two years before from Watertown to New York City. Rome, Watertown & Ogdensburgh Railroad. and permit the New York Central to cross the Rome, Watertown & Ogdensburgh all-the-year sleeping-car service between Watertown and New York. the New York Central continued the operation of the Rome, Watertown & id = 39838 author = Hungerford, Edward title = Our Railroads To-Morrow date = keywords = Administration; Baltimore; Board; Boston; Central; Chicago; Cincinnati; City; England; Erie; Haven; Mr.; New; Ohio; Pacific; Pennsylvania; Railroad; St.; States; Station; United; Washington; York; american summary = tradition of American railroading--the thing which in war days we learned railroad in the United States to-day is a little more than ninety years our railroad structure in the United States to-day be rendering service at bosses of great railways did to our old-time traditions of railroad clearing-house yard for freight-cars in the entire world--a railroad point of the New York Central railroad, who is eighty-nine years old; but Mr. Depew long since was very glad to relinquish the reins of operating detail new railroad line were built in the United States, while 536 miles were In this great single super-economy the railroads of eastern New York, eleven-mile line up in western New York which to-day is being operated by Project this to the entire main line of that railroad, 999 miles from New of many new cars, particularly so at the times when our railroads find id = 40125 author = Hungerford, Edward title = The Railroad Problem date = keywords = Baltimore; Boston; Central; Chicago; Commerce; Grand; New; Pacific; Pennsylvania; St.; States; United; War; Washington; West; York; american; great; man; railroad; train summary = The Railroad is the great sick man of the American business family. United States, it long ago became necessary for our railroads to lower the "I could save the railroads of the United States a million dollars a day, Your new-time railroad allows him little or no discretion in matters of the great combinations of new-time railroads it was a mighty good step to A single flat-wheeled freight car went bumping up a railroad side line in locomotives, cars, trains and terminals; railroad managers, driven by the coming, not only to New York, but to the great territory his railroads Electric suburban train on the main line of the Pennsylvania Railroad confronts the passenger traffic men of the big steam railroads. opportunity of the railroads whose lines reach New York. shows the cars and engines of the United States Military Railroad of that railroad systems eight main-line tracks from New York to Philadelphia and id = 27688 author = Hyde, James Wilson title = A Hundred Years by Post: A Jubilee Retrospect date = keywords = Edinburgh; General; Glasgow; London; Mr.; Office; Post; coach; day; letter; mail; time; year summary = place in the Post Office service during the past hundred years; and the and uncertain the mail service by post was in the early years of the then several years in the Post Office service, and desired to obtain a time of the introduction of mail-coaches, just about a hundred years 1798 a post-boy carrying certain Selby mails was robbed near that place, later days of the mail-coach service. the arrival of the London mail-coach in Glasgow, when carrying the first former times, and down to the period of the mail-coaches, the A hundred years ago the chief post-office in London was situated in According to a time-table of the period, a letter posted at post-office here is an unsafe conveyance; many of the letters we receive the total number of letters passing through the Post Office in this times the number of letters which passed through the post fifty years id = 39978 author = Hyde, James Wilson title = The Royal Mail: Its Curiosities and Romance date = keywords = A.M.; Bank; Coupar; Edinburgh; England; General; Glasgow; John; Liverpool; London; Lord; P.M.; Post; Postmaster; Scotland; York; coach; day; find; illustration; letter; mail; office; person; place; time; year summary = said Mails, or Bags of Letters, at the next Post Town or letters in small towns were not always in the pay of the Post-office or Post-office work of carrying letters for money. travelling post-offices the plan of carrying letters away from their London Post-office indistinctly addressed letters are at once set aside, "A person applied at the Leeds post-office, and stated that two letters the Post-office and received the letter, and that he had afterwards left day were being carried to the Lombard Street Post-office, this letter bank that the letter had not been received; but the Post-office was able A person in that town having posted a letter with an old CURIOUS LETTERS ADDRESSED TO THE POST-OFFICE. arrived at the Returned-letter office two days ago, having been posted post-office on the same day for letters, and, as it happened, applying mail-coaches, the Post-office was very generally to be found established id = 58717 author = Hyde, James Wilson title = The Early History of the Post in Grant and Farm date = keywords = Coke; Council; Dover; England; Foreign; General; John; London; Lord; Majesty; Mr.; Office; Post; Postmaster; Secretary; Sir; Stanhope; State; Whitley; Witherings; order summary = New office created of Postmaster for Foreign Posts, Patent granted to Witherings for Foreign Letter Office 91 Witherings as regards the Foreign Letter Office 181 Foreign Letter Office remains with Witherings, the Foreign Letter Office carried on for behoof of Witherings'' Post Office farmed to Thurloe--Interception of letters 237 Early post-office letter-books preserved 300 son, the said office of Postmaster of England for Foreign Parts, for Witherings, gentlemen, the office of place of Postmaster of England for case Post paid be written upon any Letter that shall come from London, "Petitioner and the carriers of Norwich were lately questioned by Mr. Witherings touching the carriage of letters; and the Lords ordered a for 40 years has been postmaster in the said place, which office he of Postmaster of Foreign Parts as also of the Letter Office within Postmaster-General, but his connection with the Post Office was of id = 44171 author = Jefferies, Thomas C. title = The Postal System of the United States and the New York General Post Office date = keywords = Department; Division; General; New; Post; States; Station; York; office summary = Post-office Department by four assistant postmasters-general. for the post-offices and railway mail service. United States Post-Office," called the postal service "the mightiest postmasters, new post-offices, railway mail service, contracts for "chief letter office" in the City of New York, Philadelphia having been _The New York General Post-office To-day_ The world''s greatest post-office to-day is the New York General the New York post-office was published in the year 1786, and the first the future as the first post-office in New York City, located in the matter of providing the post-office at New York with a large amount of [Illustration: _Carriers sorting mail in the General Post Office._] The Motor Vehicle Service of the New York post-office is in charge The Foreign Station of the New York post-office stands out among the One of the most important departments of the New York post-office is the issue and payment of money-orders, the New York post-office is the id = 38359 author = Johnson, Stanley C. (Stanley Currie) title = Peeps at Postage Stamps date = keywords = Britain; Great; King; New; South; States; United; british; illustration; issue; price; stamp summary = OBSOLETE.--A stamp that is no longer issued by the postal authorities. OFFICIAL STAMPS.--Those printed for use in Government offices--_i.e._, 1. Sort out the stamps of each country according to the prices printed value and date of issue of every postage stamp may then be learnt with republics with new stamp-dies once a year on condition that the old 5. The line-engraved stamps of Great Britain (see following chapter). the earliest issues, as in the case of the first stamps of British [Illustration: SOME PENNY STAMPS OF GREAT BRITAIN 4 Stamp of King Edward issued at the time of his death Another curious stamp is the twopenny plum colour King Edward issue of to issue a stamped envelope as an alternative to the penny adhesive. Britain, the only country to issue stamps for nine whole years after pages of the stamp album; but when a series of labels is issued to stamps issued to collect a war-tax. id = 38328 author = Joyce, Herbert title = The History of the Post Office, from Its Establishment Down to 1836 date = keywords = Act; Allen; Carteret; Court; Dover; Dublin; Earl; Edinburgh; England; Falmouth; General; Holyhead; House; Ireland; John; King; London; Lord; Majesty; Mr.; Office; Palmer; Parliament; Pitt; Post; Scotland; Sir; State; Street; Treasury; Walsingham; letter summary = Office--New Ship-letter Act--Mail Service to India and the Cape-centre of the Post Office system, many letters passed in those days these hundred letters to the General Post Office, a shipmaster on his Act of Parliament for establishing a General Post Office all letters and subjected to the same rates of postage as general post letters; and that General Letter Office in London [shall be demanded and received the sum cross-post letters the postmasters-general had received, at the highest, the offices for the receipt of general post letters were kept open and postmasters-general no appointment within the Post Office could be single letter of any importance was received at the Post Office without Offices for the receipt of general post letters are return of the number of letters passing through the London Post Office first used in London to bring letters to the General Post Office, 316 offices for letters by the general post, 409, 423 id = 29493 author = Kahn, Otto H. title = Government Ownership of Railroads, and War Taxation date = keywords = Government; House; railroad; taxation; war summary = The history of our railroads in the last ten years is a case in point. means characteristic of railroading methods and practices in general, railroads, no less than by the public at large, and entirely capable of Government Ownership of Railroads in Foreign Countries," presented to maintains that in a country governed on the Prussian principles railroad some financial interest of the Government in the results of railroad The House Bill proposes to raise from income, excess or war profit and the very beginning advocated a high tax on war profits. The House rate of taxation on incomes up to, say, $5,000, averages only maximum limit of individual income and inheritance taxation, even after war profits tax and of at least as high a rate of income and inheritance taxation during the war as exist in any other country. which is entirely natural, because in this case the income tax can id = 21956 author = Knaresbrough Rail-Way Committee (Knaresborough, England) title = Report of the Knaresbrough Rail-way Committee date = keywords = Bridge; Knaresbro; Pateley; Railway; ton summary = Knaresbro'', and the neighbourhood of Pateley-Bridge to Barnsley, and Pateley-Bridge coal, when it reaches Knaresbro'', will yield a revenue of Pateley-Bridge will be 6000 tons, for 6 miles, the average distance at into the neighbourhood of Pateley-Bridge, or the quantity of lead taken carriage, hence the expense of carrying corn from Ripon to Pateley-Bridge Although the distance from Knaresbro'' to Pateley-Bridge is 14.75 miles, at present calculated, would be 1250 tons, up to Knaresbro'' from Bolton There is another kind of stone found a little way above Pateley-bridge, It is probable the expense of delivering this stone at Pateley-bridge, Having ascertained that two tons of this lime stone will make one Pateley-Bridge to Knaresbro'', by the Railway at a much cheaper rate than one ton of lead, or stone may be found near the higher end of the line; the great quantity of tonnage, a project of this kind must require to id = 27256 author = Lafferty, Maude Ward title = A Pioneer Railway of the West date = keywords = Frankfort; Lexington; Louisville; Mr.; Ohio; Rail; Road summary = under the name of the "Lexington and Ohio Rail Road." It is believed by Rail Road from Lexington to the Ohio River has been made as far as "The Stockholders of the Lexington and Ohio Rail Road Company met at the _Resolved_--That the Directors of the Lexington and Ohio Rail Road "A splendid car (the Lexington and Ohio) was placed on the Rail Road on The opening of the Rail Road from Lexington to the Ohio River "Two miles of the Lexington and Ohio Rail Road are now completed, and "We yesterday had the pleasure of examining--at the machine shop of Mr. Bruen--a new Locomotive Engine constructed for the Lexington and Ohio Lexington and Ohio Rail Road and Ohio Rail Road with Stone Sills, and 9 miles with Sleepers and so long it became known as the "Lexington and Frankfort Rail Road." Lexington and Ohio Rail Road for several days to Frankfort. id = 40469 author = Lang, T. B. (Thomas Bamford) title = An Historical Summary of the Post Office in Scotland date = keywords = Edinburgh; Office; Post; Scotland summary = CONTROLLER, SORTING DEPARTMENT, GENERAL POST OFFICE, EDINBURGH. Robert Mein, merchant,[10] and Keeper of the Letter Office, Edinburgh, settling and establishing a General Post Office," the Scottish Parliament "ordains and appoints a General Post Office to be kept within Postmaster-General is ordered to take care that Posts are established In 1708, the business of the General Post Office at Edinburgh was establishment of Horse Posts on the Western Road from Edinburgh. first regular Horse Post in Scotland appears to have been from Edinburgh Deputy Postmaster-General for Scotland, and would take office on the 1st In 1730, the yearly revenue of the Post Office establishment in Scotland carried more letters than the Post Office, at least in the country In 1754, the revenue of the General Post Office in Scotland was £8927, In April 1713, the Post Office in Edinburgh was removed to the first POSTMASTER-GENERAL OF GREAT BRITAIN, and the Office in SCOTLAND was id = 29294 author = Larrabee, William title = The Railroad Question A historical and practical treatise on railroads, and remedies for their abuses date = keywords = Central; Chicago; Commerce; Company; Congress; England; Europe; General; Government; Granger; Interstate; Iowa; Mr.; New; Pacific; Pennsylvania; Railroad; Railway; River; State; Union; United; West; York; american; mile; rate summary = Transportation Company, a railroad in the State of New Jersey for the number of people early favored State control of railroads as the best that among the great number of National and State courts the railroad and New York Central railroads the capital stock of the two roads had the United States of the Pacific railroad companies, was $114,490,000 on Island and Pacific Railroad Company owned 1,121 miles of road, only 172 miles in three years, yet that State prescribed rates for railroad McGregor Western Railroad Company to build twenty miles of said road authorized railroad companies chartered by the States to carry public control, that the State has authorized railroad companies to take railroad company in operating it is doing a public business and not a railroad laws of the State; and if such company continued the violation, railroad freight rate in the United States. id = 49589 author = Lehigh Coal and Navigation Company title = The "Switzerland of America": Lehigh Valley Railroad date = keywords = illustration summary = [Illustration: The "Switzerland of America" LEHIGH VALLEY RAILROAD.] The "Switzerland of America" LEHIGH VALLEY RAILROAD. [Illustration: MUSCONETCONG CURVE.] [Illustration: LEHIGH VALLEY FROM PICCADILLY HILL.] [Illustration: LEHIGH UNIVERSITY, SOUTH BETHLEHEM.] [Illustration: ONOKO FALLS, GLEN ONOKO.] [Illustration: SWITCHBACK CURVE, QUAKAKE.] [Illustration: CLIFF VIEW, SUMMIT OF ALLEGHENIES.] [Illustration: ROCKY BLUFF, NEAR FALLS STATION.] [Illustration: VIEW EAST OF STANDING STONE.] [Illustration: RED ROCKS, NEAR ALLEN''S.] [Illustration: TOWANDA FROM TABLE ROCK.] [Illustration: CAVERN CASCADE, WATKINS GLEN.] [Illustration: CORNELL UNIVERSITY AND CAYUGA LAKE, ITHACA.] [Illustration: LAKE FRONT, GENEVA.] [Illustration: MAIN STREET, ROCHESTER.] [Illustration: LOWER GENESEE FALLS, NEAR ROCHESTER.] [Illustration: HEMLOCK LAKE.] [Illustration: BRINK OF AMERICAN FALLS, NIAGARA.] [Illustration: NIAGARA FALLS FROM THE BRIDGE.] and New York), bound with an illustrated front cover. In the HTML version the "full-size" linked illustration files are 50% of A List of Illustrations has information on its verso--the only text contained within is the illustration captions. There is no body text. id = 42129 author = Lewins, William title = Her Majesty''s Mails An Historical and Descriptive Account of the British Post-Office date = keywords = Act; Committee; Commons; Department; Edinburgh; England; English; General; Government; Hill; House; Ireland; James; King; London; Lord; Majesty; Mr.; Office; Palmer; Parliament; Post; Postmaster; Queen; Scotland; Secretary; Sir; Treasury; United; letter summary = The London Post-Office was managed by the Postmaster-General 1. By its provisions a General Post and Letter-Office is established taken, and the letters were all passed through the Post-Office the same the same line (with all of which the Post-Office sent ship-letters), letters, cost the Post-Office authorities, as the simple expense of of registered letters would so increase, that other Post-Office work law with respect to the detaining of letters in the General Post-Office, The two classes of "General Post" and "London District" letter-carriers letters passing through the Post-Office during the year 1863 was great number of letters remained, in the words of the Post-Office [185] About two hundred letters pass through the General Post-Office letter addressed to the Secretary of the Post-Office, from Lord letter was, that _it had not been sent through the Post-Office_, as it first post) to the Returned Letter Office. Each letter, put into the Post-Office, is forwarded, id = 15713 author = Luff, John N. (John Nicholas) title = What Philately Teaches A Lecture Delivered before the Section on Philately of the Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences, February 24, 1899 date = keywords = British; New; Postage; Stamp; States; design; illustration; paper; plate summary = stamp is printed, and lastly the finishing touches of gum, perforation, [Illustration: Stamp, "Republic Liberia Postage", 1884-1892, 8 cents] History is sumptuously illustrated in the series of stamps issued by our Printing from line-engraved plates is largely done by hand presses. [Illustration: Stamp, "Hawaiian Postage", 5 cents] [Illustration: Stamp, "Hawaiian Postage", 5 cents] The stamps were printed one at a time upon a hand press. printing stamps the next thing to attract our attention is the paper. The two varieties of paper most used for stamps are termed wove and Some of the stamps of Mexico were printed on paper ruled with blue Some of the United States revenue stamps were printed on a paper which Watermarks in paper used for stamps are, of course, intended as a Having duly considered the design, printing and paper of stamps, the This group illustrates stamps of one country or state surcharged for use id = 20702 author = MacQueen, James title = A General Plan for a Mail Communication by Steam, Between Great Britain and the Eastern and Western Parts of the World date = keywords = America; Cape; Falmouth; Fayal; Jamaica; New; St.; West summary = yearly cost of mail communications by the aid of steam, to every West Indies, and steam from Falmouth to Fayal, with sailing-packets The steam-boats from Falmouth to Fayal would carry out all the mails returning with the mails for Great Britain from all the places Two steam-boats would perform this work, giving two mails each month, New York, the point of communication between Fayal and British North West Indian and South American packets returning to the central point, mails were carried by sailing packets on the four great lines, that By steam-boats the course of communication between Great Britain and communication for the return mails from the West Indies for Europe, so plan, the outward mails from Great Britain, by steamers, would reach To extend the mail communications between Great Britain and all places mail communication between the two places 105 days. thirty sailing packets; four steamers in the West Indies; ten mail id = 40514 author = Massachusetts. General Court. Committee on Railways and Canals title = Minority Report of the Committee on Railways in Relation to the Hoosac Tunnel and the Railroads Leading Thereto With a bill to incorporate the State Board of Trustees of the Hoosac Tunnel Railroad; also the speech delivered by Hon. E. P. Carpenter in the Senate of Massachusetts, June 3, 1873, in support of the same date = keywords = Boston; Commonwealth; Company; Railroad; State; Tunnel summary = Railroad Companies, with authority to lease or purchase the lines to the name of the State Board of Trustees of the Hoosac Tunnel Railroad, operation of said railroads and tunnel, and they shall define the of the gross earnings of said leased railroad and property shall member of the State Board of Trustees of the Hoosac Tunnel Railroad; member of the State Board of Trustees of the Hoosac Tunnel Railroad; Boston Railroad Company, and shall pay therefor an annual rental equal same continues in force, said Troy and Boston Railroad Company may And if the Eastern Railroad Company shall so fake the said property of easterly of such new location; and the Boston and Maine Railroad shall Boston Railroad Company into one corporation, with authority to THE EFFECT OF STATE CONTROL OF THE TUNNEL LINE. THE EFFECT OF STATE CONTROL OF THE TUNNEL LINE. great extent control the whole railroad system of the State. id = 26601 author = Melville, Frederick John title = Gambia date = keywords = CHAPTER; Crown; Gambia; illustration; plate summary = postage stamps of the Colony were issued. In later issues both stamps 1 and 5 shew the defect for the small sheets of the Gambia stamps, and the method of cutting stamps is printed on a row of six watermarks, and in most of the stamps show portions of the words CROWN COLONIES in stamp varies in colour from deep brown to pale brown; The date of issue of these watermarked stamps is uncertain, but the At first the stamps were perforated by a single line machine gauging panes of the regular Colonial postage stamps printed by Messrs. In perforating the stamps of Gambia in the small sheets of fifteen "WITHDRAWAL OF PRESENT ISSUE OF GAMBIA POSTAGE STAMPS. being printed from the key plate, and the name GAMBIA and the value Crown C.A. paper, each stamp shewing portions of two or more watermark Most Gambia stamps, from the C.C. perforated issue onwards, may be id = 34007 author = Melville, Frederick John title = The Postage Stamp in War date = keywords = Army; China; Fig; Figs; France; King; Office; Post; Postal; South; Turkey; War; british; german; illustration; stamp summary = Post--Peace--Military Frank Stamps--The German Invasion, 1914--Red Army Post Offices with the Troops (_Figs._ 35-37). INDIAN ARMY POSTAL SERVICE--China Expeditionary Force--British INDIAN ARMY POSTAL SERVICE--China Expeditionary Force--British Fig. 67 illustrates the postmark of the present base post office of Transvaal stamps bearing the portrait of King Edward (_Fig._ 97). "V.R.I." and "E.R.I." (_Fig._ 98), and later on new stamps were issued A sixpence blue stamp of the Orange Free State (_type of Fig._ 98) was for postal use by the overprint "POSTZEGEL" (postage stamp) (_Fig._ before the definite Red Cross stamp (_Fig._ 151) was issued on overprinted stamp for the French Red Cross (_Fig._ 152), and yet issued a new set of war charity postage stamps (_Figs._ 189-192) for first special war stamps issued by Germany for the use of their armies (_Fig._ 304), and United States postage stamps were later overprinted present work is _Fig._ 398, a postage-due stamp issued in 1898. id = 48118 author = Meyer, Hugo Richard title = The British State Telegraphs A Study of the Problem of a Large Body of Civil Servants in a Democracy date = keywords = Committee; Commons; Department; General; Government; House; London; Mr.; Office; Parliamentary; Post; Postmaster; Report; Scudamore; Secretary; Select; Sir; State; Telegraph; Treasury summary = Post Office employees for a House of Commons Select Committee on the In August, 1881, the House of Commons accepted the proposal of Mr. Fawcett, Postmaster General, to increase the pay of the telegraph the Select Committee on Post Office_ (_Telegraph Department_), 1876; THE HOUSE OF COMMONS SELECT COMMITTEE ON POST OFFICE SERVANTS, 1906 THE HOUSE OF COMMONS SELECT COMMITTEE ON POST OFFICE SERVANTS, 1906 [432] _Report from the Select Committee on Post Office_ (_Telegraph [432] _Report from the Select Committee on Post Office_ (_Telegraph [432] _Report from the Select Committee on Post Office_ (_Telegraph [432] _Report from the Select Committee on Post Office_ (_Telegraph [432] _Report from the Select Committee on Post Office_ (_Telegraph [432] _Report from the Select Committee on Post Office_ (_Telegraph [432] _Report from the Select Committee on Post Office_ (_Telegraph [432] _Report from the Select Committee on Post Office_ (_Telegraph [432] _Report from the Select Committee on Post Office_ (_Telegraph id = 3036 author = Moody, John title = The Railroad Builders: A Chronicle of the Welding of the States date = keywords = Baltimore; Central; Company; Erie; Morgan; New; Northern; Ohio; Pacific; Pennsylvania; Railroad; St.; States; Union; Vanderbilt; York summary = railroad, instead of a canal, across New York State from the Hudson many of the early railroads in these new Western States were built as had come over the railroad situation as a result of the Civil War. The time extending from 1860 to about 1875 marks the second stage in The New York Central and Hudson River Railroad was the New York Central and Pennsylvania Railroad early in 1900 acquired a financial world by his New York Central and Hudson River Railroad, with obtained an entry into New York City by acquiring the United Railroad new company, the New York, Lake Erie and Western Railroad, took over Railroad of the New York Central system, it now controlled the Reading Railroad of New Jersey, over the lines of which the Baltimore and Ohio branches, while a new company--known as the Southern Pacific Railroad practical merger with the Great Northern Railroad Company: the old stock id = 18204 author = Nankivell, Edward J. (Edward James) title = Stamp Collecting as a Pastime date = keywords = Album; Britain; Colonies; Great; New; Philatelic; South; States; collector; illustration; price; stamp summary = collectors do not go thus deeply into stamp collecting as a study; day than the collection and arrangement of postage stamps. copy of every stamp issued by each country in the Postal Union. A few years ago many heads of colleges prohibited stamp collecting postage stamp issued by France, on New Year''s Day of 1849, bore the A well-known collection, full of rare stamps of the value of from £5 The great stamp collections of to-day are in a few hands, and have H.R.H. collects only the stamps of Great Britain No. 5.--The Shilling Packet of Colonial Stamps contains 25 varieties, A very fine packet, containing many rare stamps, all arranged in The Ten Shilling Packet contains 100 Unused Postage Stamps, each one The Thirty Shilling Packet contains 100 rare unused Postage Stamps, EVERY Packet of this series contains different varieties, no Stamp Stamp-issuing Countries. id = 35344 author = Nunn, Herbert title = Third Biennial Report of the Oregon State Highway Commission Covering the Period December 1st, 1916 to November 30th, 1918 date = keywords = Bridge; Commission; County; Creek; Department; Highway; Hill; Line; Oregon; River; Road; Section; State summary = funds be set aside for engineering work handled by the State Highway State Highway Department has worked a rather large engineering force of those sections of State roads which are so located that the counties constructed at a total cost to State and Counties of $617,388.09. Of the structures paid for by the counties, the State Highway Department Roads and Rural Engineering, the State Highway Department simply The cost of work completed on the Columbia River Highway between Astoria COUNTY FUNDS EXPENDED BY STATE HIGHWAY DEPARTMENT--DECEMBER 1, 1916 TO and the Lane County Line; and that the State would grade 12.8 miles During 1918 the State Highway Commission surveyed a six mile section of This County work was contracted under State Highway Department The work of the State Highway Department in Polk County during 1917 and The State Highway Department has made a location survey of 45.26 miles id = 22143 author = Oppenheim, L. (Lassa) title = The Panama Canal Conflict between Great Britain and the United States of America A Study date = keywords = Canal; States; Treaty; United summary = III of the Hay-Pauncefote Treaty preferred by the United States, pp. grant the use of the Panama Canal to vessels of foreign nations on If the use of the Panama Canal by vessels of foreign nations the United States, under the Hay-Pauncefote Treaty, subjected to more Hay-Pauncefote Treaty which stipulates that the vessels of all nations United States interprets Article III, No. 1, of the Hay-Pauncefote Hay-Pauncefote Treaty does not affect the right of the United States to Article III of the Hay-Pauncefote Treaty as Great Britain or any other Hay-Pauncefote Treaty if the United States were not to be considered Hay-Pauncefote Treaty the United States acquired sovereign rights over Hay-Pauncefote Treaty the United States acquired sovereign rights over Panama Canal Act exempts only vessels engaged in the American coasting exempts all American coasting trade vessels from the Panama Canal tolls States now by the Panama Canal Act grants to these vessels. id = 3099 author = Paine, Ralph Delahaye title = The Old Merchant Marine: A Chronicle of American Ships and Sailors date = keywords = Atlantic; Boston; Captain; China; Delano; Derby; East; England; English; London; New; Salem; States; United; War; West; Yankee; York; american; british; ship summary = The story of American ships and sailors is an epic of blue water which of shipping merchants was Philip English, who was sailing his own ketch first two years of the war, as many as nine hundred American ships were been so long closed to American shipping that little demand was left for trade"--an unusual point of view for a shipping merchant of New England The American ship Franklin arrived at Batavia in 1799 and Captain James complete freedom of trade for British shipping in American ports. commander to visit every American ship in port and take from each of out of the hands of the English ship-owner, and that British vessels, Clipper ship crews included men of many nations. sailors to man half the ships that were built in these few years, and mostly recruited from the old fishing and shipping ports of New England American forecastle life in the sailing-ship era. id = 40709 author = Piper, John J. title = Facts and Figures Concerning the Hoosac Tunnel date = keywords = Bird; Boston; Hoosac; Mr.; New; Tunnel; West; western summary = of the Hoosac Tunnel, and the opening of another great route to the incapacity of these lines of New England railroads to do the work that west of Greenfield, within ten miles of the Tunnel line on the same power of the Western Road, which a few years before, had only obtained policy of the Western Railroad Company in regard to the Tunnel line, the Deerfield river, in order to secure power to operate the tunneling commissioners to examine the road and tunnel, and if the report to Cost and Time required to Complete the Tunnel. Hoosac Tunnel been completed twelve years ago, we have reason to Tunnel line, which is now a greater necessity than the Western road was The Hoosac Tunnel will be about four and a half miles long, a pneumatic drill, by means of which our great tunnel will be completed id = 22190 author = Poole, Bertram W. H. (Bertram William Henry) title = The Stamps of Canada date = keywords = American; Canada; Department; General; Howes; King; Mr.; Office; Ottawa; Post; Postage; Postmaster; Scott; States; United; canadian; stamp summary = Postage stamps were first placed on sale to the public in Canada on letters to the United Kingdom at the new rate, postage stamps of Mr. King states that this value was printed in sheets of 100 stamps, the foregoing rates, the following denominations of Postage Stamps the foregoing rates, the following denominations of Postage Stamps sheets of the large 5c stamp, _i.e._ "British American Bank Note Co. Montreal", in capitals and lower case letters on a strip of solid color The Postmaster-General''s Report for 1892 states that "Postage stamps of A new postage stamp of the value of 8c is now being put into letters, "Dominion of Canada, Diamond Jubilee Postage Stamps, 22nd NEW ISSUE OF POSTAGE STAMPS, ETC. Postmasters are hereby informed that a new issue of postage stamps, Canada has never issued special postage stamps for use on departmental now place upon his letter ordinary postage stamps to the value of id = 47435 author = Pratt, Edwin A. title = British Canals: Is their resuscitation practicable? date = keywords = Birmingham; Canal; Company; Great; London; Mersey; Navigation; New; North; Railway; Union; Western; british summary = canals now owned or controlled by railway companies; (3) that they was that the railway company took over the canal, and agreed to pay said he had had charge of a number of railway-owned canals at different "The London and North-Western Railway Company, who owned the canal, Union Railways and Canal Company." "between the Shropshire Union Railways and Canal Company and the London "between the Shropshire Union Railways and Canal Company and the London Canal Company should be granted to the London and North-Western Railway relations of railway companies to canals, I take the case of the Forth and North-Western Railway Company than had been so spent by the canal by railway companies, yet the amount of coal carried by canal to London coal would be tipped from the railway truck into the canal boat,[8] the canals were more or less forced upon the railway companies, who id = 52087 author = Pratt, Edwin A. title = A History of Inland Transport and Communication in England date = keywords = Act; Bill; Birmingham; Board; Bristol; Canal; Commission; Committee; Company; Eastern; England; Government; Great; House; John; Kingdom; Lancashire; Liverpool; London; Manchester; Mersey; Navigation; North; Parliament; Railway; Royal; Severn; Sir; South; State; Thames; Trade; Trent; United; Wales; Western; Yorkshire; history; road summary = include roads, rivers, canals, turnpikes, railways, tramways, and rail-less "Good roads, canals, and navigable rivers, by diminishing the expense of Account of the Navigable Rivers, Canals and Railways of Great Britain" railway, waggon road or bridge, under these conditions, the canal company railway company was required to allow a trader''s own horse or locomotive to railways, roads, rivers and canals. Rendell, chief goods manager of the Great Western Railway Company, added "The Swansea Canal belongs to the Great Western Railway Company. the working even of a single great railway company is given by the The locomotive works of the London and North-Western Railway Company at repair their own railway carriages and road vehicles, and do much work The Great Western Railway Company, on the recommendation of their general railways than either inland navigation or motor transport by road. railway companies and canals, 297-9, 306-7; id = 38731 author = Richards, R. C. (Ralph Coffin) title = Railroad Accidents, Their Cause and Prevention date = keywords = June; Rule; accident; car; cause; engine; passenger; track; train summary = Next we come to accidents caused by making a switch of cars containing secured before car is taken in the train, and so avoid such accidents. When passengers are carried on freight trains Rule 12 says the car in car from engine onto westbound track just as train No. 98 was ACCIDENTS CAUSED BY MOVING CARS ON OR UNDER WHICH MEN ARE WORKING under end of car on repair track; Switchman Moody backed train No. hand car accidents and injuries to section men caused by the use of caused by coupling cars, getting on or off, or falling from, trains or one or both ends of an engine, car, or train, indicates that them to strike any train, car, or engine that may be within the When a passenger train has stopped at a station platform, it Cutting off engine and cars before a train has stopped and id = 47831 author = Ripley, William Zebina title = Railroads: Rates and Regulations date = keywords = Central; Chicago; Commerce; Commission; Committee; Congress; Court; Elkins; Federal; I.C.C.; Idem; Illinois; Interstate; Kansas; Mississippi; Missouri; New; Ohio; Pacific; Railroad; Railway; Rep.; Senate; South; Southern; St.; States; Supreme; United; West; York; rate summary = actual panic, despite the railroad wars and low rates, no great change in rates occur at competitive points, with transition to a new level of that all rates from intermediate points between Chicago and New York, New York business, without being compelled to reduce its local rates lines represent the through rates from New York to each distributing practice does cost of operation really "control" the rate in cases of time charged from New York to Atlanta, Georgia, second-class rates, Chicago to be 900 odd miles from New York, the rate from a point 600 low-grade freight, western railroad rates per ton mile are very much Railroad Commission Proceedings in Maximum Freight Rate case, Record, New York to Atlanta, the freight rate, first-class, on the trunk lines The Interstate Commerce Commission in these Import Rate cases transcontinental case, the freight rate to Nevada points from New York id = 41799 author = Searight, Thomas B. (Thomas Brownfield) title = The Old Pike A History of the National Road, with Incidents, Accidents, and Anecdotes Thereon date = keywords = Baltimore; Brownsville; Congress; Cumberland; Daniel; David; Fayette; General; George; Henry; Hill; House; Jacob; James; John; Joseph; Maryland; Miller; Mr.; National; New; Ohio; Old; Pennsylvania; Peter; President; Road; Robert; Samuel; States; Stockton; Thomas; Uniontown; United; Virginia; Washington; West; Wheeling; William; illustration summary = Joseph Lawson, an old wagoner, kept tavern for many years in West Bailey, who kept a tavern near the old red house east of Brownsville, John Short, an old wagoner, retired from the road at an early day and John Means, an old wagoner, was killed by an accident on the road near the old taverns on the road are in the State of Maryland. a celebrated old tavern keeper, who kept at various points on the road as that of the old Braddock road, and this house was kept as a tavern by called, kept a tavern many years in an old log house in Jockey Hollow, Three miles west of Uniontown is an old tavern stand known in late years stage house on the road that was largely patronized by old wagoners, and was not as long as many other old taverns of the road, but in its time id = 13271 author = Sidney, Samuel title = Rides on Railways date = keywords = Birmingham; Camden; Castle; Church; College; Dudley; Duke; Earl; Edward; England; English; Great; Hall; Henry; House; John; Lancashire; Leeds; Liverpool; London; Lord; Manchester; Messrs.; Mr.; New; Oxford; Parliament; Queen; Railway; School; Sheffield; Shrewsbury; Sir; St.; Street; University; William; Wolverton summary = original route arrive at Crewe, the great workshop and railway town of the Camden Town is the great coach house of the line, where goods waggons are The best known route from London is by the Great Western Railway, which, pleasant town, with several fine old buildings, an ancient church, an open of manufactures and extension of the town of Birmingham, converted a great specimens of great merit at the last Birmingham Exhibition of manufactures. the commencement of the London and Birmingham Railway, for the manufacture of About 2,000 of the Birmingham manufacturers are what are termed garretmasters; they work themselves, and employ a few hands. pound is now manufactured, in Glamorganshire, at present a great seat of iron woodland country); secondly, Lord Dudley''s woods and works decayed, but pitcoal and iron stone or mines abounding upon his lands, but of little use; large work on the subject of gardens to great houses. id = 30509 author = Skelton, Oscar D. (Oscar Douglas) title = The Railway Builders: A Chronicle of Overland Highways date = keywords = Canada; Canadian; Grand; John; Lake; Lawrence; Montreal; New; Northern; Pacific; Quebec; Railway; Sir; States; Toronto; Trunk; United summary = The Coming of the Railway--The Iron Road--The New Power--Engine and Railway, the first successful public line ever built, opened four years modern railway, the iron road and the steam motive power, developed of any railway over seventy-five miles long, whenever half the road had help from New Brunswick and Canada to build the whole road from Halifax Canadian {137} border to join the government road being built south railway south of the Canadian Pacific, except such line as shall run out, terminals secured, and a new road built every few years. year a construction company was organized, the North American Railway the following year, and the building of the great northern road began. Canadian Pacific to build up its great system in the western states. the United {232} States for every mile in Canada controlled by railways government roads, 108, 233-239; Canada''s position in the railway world, id = 34011 author = Smith, A. D. (Alfred Daniel) title = The Development of Rates of Postage: An Historical and Analytical Study date = keywords = Act; America; British; Canada; Commission; Committee; Commons; Congress; Deputy; England; France; General; Government; Hill; House; Ibid; January; Kingdom; London; Mr.; New; North; Office; Paris; Parliament; Post; Postage; Postal; Postmaster; Report; Rowland; Sir; State; Union; United; York; charge; cost; history; letter; newspaper; rate summary = appointed to consider the posts to fix rates for private letters, to that if the rate were reduced by one-half, the number of letters posted actual cost to the Post Office of the transmission of letters, and found the rate, was that the number of letters actually posted in France was letters were increased 100 per cent.; the travelling post rates, which Post Office traffic in parcels, and the small degree in which the rates that in the second year the post office was handling parcels at the rate established, a parcel rate for every other post office must be transmission of letters between the post towns, and no rate of postage If in England the lowest rate fixed for General Post letters character of the Post Office service, can affect the rates of postage of any bag of letters from the Post Office subjected to a rate of id = 37238 author = Smith, William title = The History of the Post Office in British North America date = keywords = America; Boston; Britain; Brunswick; Canada; England; Finlay; Great; Halifax; Heriot; John; London; Montreal; New; North; Nova; Quebec; Scotia; St.; States; Stayner; United; Upper; York; british; canadian summary = colonial postal system and the general post office in London, to which monthly service between the Canadian post offices and New York, In America, the general post offices at Boston, New York and treasury, the postmaster general stated that the post office in America the general post office, Franklin states that the mails travel by night postmaster general of Canada, and the post office department at right of the British post office to collect postage in Canada was called from Canada was made part of the revenue of the general post office in United States post office arranged to have the British mails for New The post office committee called the deputy postmaster general before the postmaster general authority over the colonial post office and general post office and the legislatures of Upper and Lower Canada, The secretary of the general post office, in a letter to the postmaster id = 17299 author = Tatlow, Joseph title = Fifty Years of Railway Life in England, Scotland and Ireland date = keywords = Act; Board; Chairman; Commission; Committee; Company; County; Derby; Dublin; England; Glasgow; Great; House; Ireland; John; London; Manager; Midland; Mr.; North; Parliament; Railway; Scotland; Sir; South; Trade; Western; irish summary = FIFTY YEARS OF RAILWAY LIFE IN ENGLAND, SCOTLAND AND IRELAND Director Midland Great Western Railway or Ireland and Dublin and late Manager Midland Great Western Railway, etc. Fifty years of railway life, passed in the service of various companies, In 1867 Mr. James Allport was general manager of the Midland Railway, Mr. Thomas Walklate the goods manager and Mr. William Parker head of the Railway, and on the last day of the year 1872, I left the Midland Scotland has eight _working_ railway companies, England and Wales 104, The average number of miles _operated_ per working railway company in Ten years I served the Glasgow and South-Western Railway Company as chief that the position of Manager of the Midland Great Western Railway of THE MIDLAND GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY OF IRELAND THE MIDLAND GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY OF IRELAND chairman for the year of the Irish Railway Managers'' Conference. id = 35566 author = Tiffany, John K. (John Kerr) title = History of the Postage Stamps of the United States of America date = keywords = Act; Cents; Department; General; New; Office; Postage; Postmaster; States; United; Washington; stamp summary = lines, a second similar but smaller hand stamp with the word "Paid," and whether the Postmaster General might not issue postage stamps on his own postmaster, who offers to sell stamps of the value of five cents "An old envelope post office stamp, issued at New Haven, of the Post Office Department, or who, after such postage stamps have Post Office Department, deliver any postage stamps to any person fine colored lines, inscribed "_One Cent_" in outline capitals. Department will issue to Postmasters stamps of new designs. Department will issue to Postmasters, postage stamps of a new bordered by colored lines, in the same letters "_Ten Cents_," on a cents, the United States series of postage stamps had not such a issue a new stamp of the value of four cents, a denomination not The newspaper stamps issued by the United States Post Office Department id = 28533 author = Tombs, Robert Charles title = The King''s Post Being a volume of historical facts relating to the posts, mail coaches, coach roads, and railway mail services of and connected with the ancient city of Bristol from 1580 to the present time date = keywords = Allen; Bath; Bristol; Bush; Coach; General; Inn; John; King; London; Mail; Mr.; Office; Palmer; Portsmouth; Post; Postmaster; Road; Sir; Small; St.; Street; White; illustration summary = [Illustration: THE OLD POST-HOUSE IN DOLPHIN STREET, BRISTOL.] 1662.--EXCHANGE AVENUE AND SMALL STREET POST OFFICES, BRISTOL. The first half of the present Bristol Post Office premises in Small THE OLD GENERAL POST OFFICE IN LOMBARD STREET, LONDON.] THE OLD GENERAL POST OFFICE IN LOMBARD STREET, LONDON.] BRISTOL MAIL COACH ANNOUNCEMENTS, 1802-1830.--THE NEW GENERAL POST offered by the London, Bath, and Bristol mail coaches--to and from Southampton and general coach offices, Bush Inn and Tavern, Bristol, THE BRISTOL, BATH AND LONDON COACH TAKING UP MAILS WITHOUT HALTING.] seven coaches carrying West of England mails--the Bath, Bristol, POST OFFICES IN LONDON AND BRISTOL, 1881-1901. Bristol Post Office at the end of the year 1903. SMALL (THE POST OFFICE) STREET, BRISTOL. SMALL (THE POST OFFICE) STREET, BRISTOL. SMALL (THE POST OFFICE) STREET, BRISTOL. General Post Office, Bristol. London to Bristol Royal Mail Coach of 100 years since, with id = 34197 author = Tombs, Robert Charles title = The Bristol Royal Mail: Post, Telegraph, and Telephone date = keywords = Baldwin; Bath; Birmingham; Bristol; CHAPTER; Christmas; Clifton; General; London; Mr.; Office; Post; Postmaster; Railway; Sir; Small; St.; Street; Walton; West; illustration; letter; mail summary = There is a model of an old mail coach at the General Post Office, St. Martin''s-le-Grand, London, popularly supposed to be the model of the distance between the Post Office of London and Bristol, with a view to Bristol Post Office, there to await despatch by day mails to towns in In the Bristol district there is a railway Post Office apparatus station There is record of a Post Office having been established in Bristol by the Bristol Post Office as located there, and the old square open public About 5,500 ship letters were brought to the Bristol Post Office A case occurred at a Bristol Post Office fifteen years since, in which a Bristol Post Office, and kept in training for telegraph service with the years the Bristol Post Office has had two out of the nine The Bristol Post Office has its returned letter branch, with which id = 18878 author = United States. Council of National Defense. Highways Transport Committee title = Return-Loads Bureaus to Save Waste in Transportation date = keywords = Commerce; truck summary = RETURN-LOAD BUREAUS TO SAVE WASTE IN TRANSPORTATION. CHAMBERS OF COMMERCE BRING SHIPPER AND TRUCK OWNER TOGETHER. A Return-loads Bureau can be established by a Chamber of Commerce Defense, Return-Loads Bureaus have been established in 15 cities. to motor-truck owners in the different cities. a week the truck would be available under the return-loads plan, its the bureau in each city knows just what trucks are available in the The telephone company should be asked to list the Return-Loads Bureau under the title "Return Loads" in the local directory and truck owners carry back to the city from which the truck brought a load or where a service should be arranged with bureaus in other cities, so that a truck Return-Loads Bureau was established there) and stated it intended to just as quickly as possible, the organization of Return-Loads Bureaus in bring loads by truck from other points telephone to the bureau in order id = 19757 author = United States. Council of National Defense. Highways Transport Committee title = ''Return Loads'' to Increase Transport Resources by Avoiding Waste of Empty Vehicle Running. date = keywords = return summary = use of the motor truck as a transportation agency, and requests vehicles empty, return-load bureaus are established. National Defense, through its Highways Transport Committee and its Return Load Bureaus, Rural Express, Cooperation with Federal Railroad of highways transport as will eliminate making trips with part loads, placing it on motor trucks operating over the highways, millions of deliver a load, they return empty, whereas there are shippers who interests of both, hence the return-load bureaus are of mutual calling "Return loads" or the telephone number of the bureau, shippers trucks and can place them at the service of the shippers on short highways can not be of service both to the country and its shippers. local return-load bureau and the possibilities of this type of as quickly as possible an organization of return-load bureaus in all cooperating with the return-load bureaus. and encourage the work of return-load bureaus. id = 19758 author = United States. Council of National Defense. Highways Transport Committee title = Address by Honorable William C. Redfield, Secretary of Commerce at Conference of Regional Chairmen of the Highways Transport Committee Council of National Defense date = keywords = New; York summary = use of the motor truck as a transportation agency, and requests [Illustration: MAP SHOWING REGIONAL AREAS Highways Transport Committee they might carry their share of the war burden, the Highways Transport chairmen of the Highways Transport Committee, Council of National BEFORE THE REGIONAL CHAIRMEN OF THE HIGHWAYS TRANSPORT that historical line of water and rail transportation the basis for a waterways and highways to get a perfect transportation system for this Still with the coming of the railroad we thought of transportation as we thought of transportation as a unity of railroads. public transportation as meaning essentially the railroads. the steam engine in its time, making possible a tool for the waterway waterway and highway have been, as regards the tools for their use, on vessels upon the Hudson River was never as great, never so new or well transportation--railway, water way, and highway--that they are one, id = 19759 author = United States. Council of National Defense. Highways Transport Committee title = Address by Honorable Franklin K. Lane, Secretary of the Interior at Conference of Regional Chairmen of the Highways Transport Committee Council of National Defense date = keywords = States; United summary = they might carry their share of the war burden, the Highways Transport chairmen of the Highways Transport Committee, Council of National Those men built the roads of France. highways than it would to do the same transportation work by railroad. I have thought of the men who will come back after the war. nation has had a problem to deal with the returning soldier. Now, when this thing is over, our men will begin to come back into the small communities in which men have small acreages of land, not to world by highways, by developing rivers, and by railroads. thought and money into the problem of making this country what it can The United States is not going to be after the war as it has been. That is a thing that you sober men of business are already thinking make this country a new land in which these boys who come back will id = 19799 author = United States. Council of National Defense. Highways Transport Committee title = The Rural Motor Express To Conserve Foodstuffs and Labor and to Supply Rural Transportation. date = keywords = Defense; State summary = possible use of the motor truck as a transportation agency, hauling to market, but adoption of the rural motor express will enable The use of the motor truck for farm transport is growing regular daily service over the main highways from farm to city and from the motor truck as a transportation agency, and requests the State The highways transport committee of the Council of National Defense is motor-truck transportation in the marketing of farm produce. urges the adoption of motor-truck transportation facilities in order to The preliminary surveys by the highways transport committee in sections enthusiastically indorse the plan and wherever rural motor express lines this State has been made by the highways transport committee and shows The rural motor express is not, however, a development to meet an The state highways transport committees are organizing local committees 1. Experience of existing motor-truck lines in the locality. id = 36464 author = nan title = The Mail Pay on the Burlington Railroad Statements of Car Space and All Facilities Furnished for the Government Mails and for Express and Passengers in All Passenger Trains on the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad date = keywords = Department; Government; Post; mail summary = mile of such mail route per year, based upon the average weight of was $44,885,395.29 for weight of mail, and for post office cars the Post Office Department and contain a statement of the mail service car in service on the road during the month of November for mail, and apartment cars, and the space therein used for mails, the railroad 3. Space ordered in post office cars operated in lieu of apartment railroad company operates larger post office or apartment cars than The Government cannot justly ask a railroad company to carry the mails IS THE GOVERNMENT PAYING THE RAILROADS FOR CARRYING THE MAILS THE COST cost to the Burlington Company of transporting the Government mails. This mail service in a traveling post office on an expensive railroad pay of the railroad company is $900 a year, the average cost of this The Post Office Department weighed all the mails carried in all postal id = 50220 author = nan title = The Railway Library, 1909 A Collection of Noteworthy Chapters, Addresses, and Papers Relating to Railways, Mostly Published During the Year date = keywords = Bureau; Chicago; Commerce; Commission; Company; Congress; Cwt; England; Interstate; June; Mr.; New; Pennsylvania; Pittsburg; Railroad; South; States; United; York; american; average; car; increase; mile; pay; railway; rate; total; year summary = United States increased about 24½ per cent., the passenger business "In Great Britain their average railway cost is $234,000 per mile. ton of freight a hundred miles, and in the United States the cost is by the railroad forty-two cents go directly to pay wages of railway total earnings of all railroads in the United States for year ending highest railroad capitalization have the lowest average freight rate. If freight rates were advanced 10 per cent the increased price to If freight rates were advanced 10 per cent, the increased cost in Comparing results of operation of all railroads of the United States Rate of mail and R.P.O. car pay per gross ton mile (cents) 0.438 freight rates, despite higher labor and material costs of railroad years ago, (third) that average rates per ton per mile for railway index of railway operation, and 1909, the average rate per ton mile