id sid tid token lemma pos 33589 1 1 produced produce VBN 33589 1 2 from from IN 33589 1 3 images image NNS 33589 1 4 available available JJ 33589 1 5 at at IN 33589 1 6 The the DT 33589 1 7 Internet Internet NNP 33589 1 8 Archive Archive NNP 33589 1 9 . . . 33589 1 10 ) ) -RRB- 33589 2 1 ARCHITECTURE ARCHITECTURE NNP 33589 2 2 BY by IN 33589 2 3 MRS MRS NNP 33589 2 4 . . . 33589 2 5 ARTHUR ARTHUR NNP 33589 2 6 BELL BELL NNP 33589 2 7 AUTHOR AUTHOR NNP 33589 2 8 OF of IN 33589 2 9 " " `` 33589 2 10 THE THE NNP 33589 2 11 ELEMENTARY ELEMENTARY NNP 33589 2 12 HISTORY history NN 33589 2 13 OF of IN 33589 2 14 ART art NN 33589 2 15 , , , 33589 2 16 " " '' 33589 2 17 " " `` 33589 2 18 MASTERPIECES masterpieces NN 33589 2 19 OF of IN 33589 2 20 THE the DT 33589 2 21 GREAT GREAT NNP 33589 2 22 ARTISTS ARTISTS NNP 33589 2 23 , , , 33589 2 24 " " '' 33589 2 25 " " `` 33589 2 26 REPRESENTATIVE representative NN 33589 2 27 PAINTERS painter NNS 33589 2 28 OF of IN 33589 2 29 THE the DT 33589 2 30 NINETEENTH NINETEENTH NNP 33589 2 31 CENTURY CENTURY NNP 33589 2 32 , , , 33589 2 33 " " '' 33589 2 34 ETC etc FW 33589 2 35 . . . 33589 3 1 [ [ -LRB- 33589 3 2 Illustration illustration NN 33589 3 3 : : : 33589 3 4 logo logo NN 33589 3 5 ] ] -RRB- 33589 3 6 LONDON LONDON NNP 33589 3 7 : : : 33589 3 8 T. T. NNP 33589 3 9 C. C. NNP 33589 3 10 & & CC 33589 3 11 E. E. NNP 33589 3 12 C. C. NNP 33589 3 13 JACK JACK NNP 33589 3 14 67 67 CD 33589 3 15 LONG LONG NNP 33589 3 16 ACRE ACRE NNP 33589 3 17 , , , 33589 3 18 W.C. W.C. NNP 33589 3 19 , , , 33589 3 20 AND and CC 33589 3 21 EDINBURGH EDINBURGH NNP 33589 3 22 NEW NEW NNP 33589 3 23 YORK YORK NNP 33589 3 24 : : : 33589 3 25 DODGE DODGE NNP 33589 3 26 PUBLISHING PUBLISHING NNP 33589 3 27 CO CO NNP 33589 3 28 . . . 33589 4 1 CONTENTS content NNS 33589 4 2 CHAP chap VBP 33589 4 3 . . . 33589 5 1 PAGE page NN 33589 5 2 INTRODUCTION introduction NN 33589 5 3 : : : 33589 5 4 WHAT what WP 33589 5 5 ARCHITECTURE ARCHITECTURE NNP 33589 5 6 IS be VBZ 33589 5 7 -- -- : 33589 5 8 MATERIALS MATERIALS NNP 33589 5 9 EMPLOYED EMPLOYED NNP 33589 5 10 -- -- : 33589 5 11 DEFINITION DEFINITION VBN 33589 5 12 OF of IN 33589 5 13 DISTINCTIVE distinctive JJ 33589 5 14 FEATURES FEATURES NNP 33589 5 15 OF of IN 33589 5 16 THE the DT 33589 5 17 TWO two CD 33589 5 18 MAIN MAIN NNP 33589 5 19 STYLES style NNS 33589 5 20 , , , 33589 5 21 TRABEATED TRABEATED NNP 33589 5 22 AND and CC 33589 5 23 ARCUATED arcuate VBN 33589 5 24 v v IN 33589 5 25 I. i. 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NNP 33589 13 1 RENAISSANCE RENAISSANCE NNP 33589 13 2 ARCHITECTURE ARCHITECTURE NNP 33589 13 3 IN in IN 33589 13 4 EUROPE EUROPE NNP 33589 13 5 83 83 CD 33589 13 6 XI XI NNP 33589 13 7 . . . 33589 14 1 RENAISSANCE RENAISSANCE NNP 33589 14 2 ARCHITECTURE ARCHITECTURE NNP 33589 14 3 IN in IN 33589 14 4 GREAT GREAT NNP 33589 14 5 BRITAIN BRITAIN NNP 33589 14 6 88 88 CD 33589 14 7 INDEX INDEX VBD 33589 14 8 93 93 CD 33589 14 9 INTRODUCTION introduction NN 33589 14 10 WHAT what WP 33589 14 11 ARCHITECTURE ARCHITECTURE NNP 33589 14 12 IS be VBZ 33589 14 13 -- -- : 33589 14 14 MATERIALS MATERIALS NNP 33589 14 15 EMPLOYED EMPLOYED NNP 33589 14 16 -- -- : 33589 14 17 DEFINITION DEFINITION VBN 33589 14 18 OF of IN 33589 14 19 DISTINCTIVE distinctive JJ 33589 14 20 FEATURES FEATURES NNP 33589 14 21 OF of IN 33589 14 22 THE the DT 33589 14 23 TWO two CD 33589 14 24 MAIN MAIN NNP 33589 14 25 STYLES style NNS 33589 14 26 , , , 33589 14 27 TRABEATED trabeate VBD 33589 14 28 AND and CC 33589 14 29 ARCUATED arcuate VBN 33589 14 30 It -PRON- PRP 33589 14 31 is be VBZ 33589 14 32 only only RB 33589 14 33 when when WRB 33589 14 34 a a DT 33589 14 35 building building NN 33589 14 36 entirely entirely RB 33589 14 37 fulfils fulfil VBZ 33589 14 38 the the DT 33589 14 39 purpose purpose NN 33589 14 40 for for IN 33589 14 41 which which WDT 33589 14 42 it -PRON- PRP 33589 14 43 is be VBZ 33589 14 44 intended intend VBN 33589 14 45 and and CC 33589 14 46 bears bear VBZ 33589 14 47 the the DT 33589 14 48 impress impress NN 33589 14 49 of of IN 33589 14 50 a a DT 33589 14 51 genuine genuine JJ 33589 14 52 style style NN 33589 14 53 that that WDT 33589 14 54 it -PRON- PRP 33589 14 55 takes take VBZ 33589 14 56 rank rank NN 33589 14 57 as as IN 33589 14 58 a a DT 33589 14 59 work work NN 33589 14 60 of of IN 33589 14 61 architecture architecture NN 33589 14 62 . . . 33589 15 1 This this DT 33589 15 2 definition definition NN 33589 15 3 , , , 33589 15 4 exclusive exclusive JJ 33589 15 5 though though IN 33589 15 6 it -PRON- PRP 33589 15 7 at at IN 33589 15 8 first first JJ 33589 15 9 sight sight NN 33589 15 10 appears appear VBZ 33589 15 11 , , , 33589 15 12 brings bring VBZ 33589 15 13 within within IN 33589 15 14 the the DT 33589 15 15 province province NN 33589 15 16 of of IN 33589 15 17 the the DT 33589 15 18 art art NN 33589 15 19 every every DT 33589 15 20 structure structure NN 33589 15 21 which which WDT 33589 15 22 combines combine VBZ 33589 15 23 with with IN 33589 15 24 practical practical JJ 33589 15 25 utility utility NN 33589 15 26 beauty beauty NN 33589 15 27 of of IN 33589 15 28 design design NN 33589 15 29 and and CC 33589 15 30 execution execution NN 33589 15 31 , , , 33589 15 32 from from IN 33589 15 33 the the DT 33589 15 34 humblest humblest NN 33589 15 35 cottage cottage NN 33589 15 36 to to IN 33589 15 37 the the DT 33589 15 38 most most RBS 33589 15 39 dignified dignified JJ 33589 15 40 temple temple NN 33589 15 41 or or CC 33589 15 42 palace palace NN 33589 15 43 . . . 33589 16 1 Suitability suitability NN 33589 16 2 of of IN 33589 16 3 material material NN 33589 16 4 and and CC 33589 16 5 harmony harmony NN 33589 16 6 with with IN 33589 16 7 its -PRON- PRP$ 33589 16 8 surroundings surrounding NNS 33589 16 9 are be VBP 33589 16 10 among among IN 33589 16 11 the the DT 33589 16 12 minor minor JJ 33589 16 13 factors factor NNS 33589 16 14 that that WDT 33589 16 15 give give VBP 33589 16 16 to to IN 33589 16 17 a a DT 33589 16 18 building building NN 33589 16 19 vitality vitality NN 33589 16 20 of of IN 33589 16 21 character character NN 33589 16 22 and and CC 33589 16 23 contribute contribute VB 33589 16 24 to to IN 33589 16 25 its -PRON- PRP$ 33589 16 26 enduring endure VBG 33589 16 27 value value NN 33589 16 28 , , , 33589 16 29 a a DT 33589 16 30 value value NN 33589 16 31 enhanced enhance VBN 33589 16 32 by by IN 33589 16 33 its -PRON- PRP$ 33589 16 34 reflection reflection NN 33589 16 35 of of IN 33589 16 36 the the DT 33589 16 37 needs need NNS 33589 16 38 and and CC 33589 16 39 aspirations aspiration NNS 33589 16 40 of of IN 33589 16 41 those those DT 33589 16 42 by by IN 33589 16 43 whom whom WP 33589 16 44 and and CC 33589 16 45 for for IN 33589 16 46 whom whom WP 33589 16 47 it -PRON- PRP 33589 16 48 was be VBD 33589 16 49 erected erect VBN 33589 16 50 . . . 33589 17 1 Wood wood NN 33589 17 2 appears appear VBZ 33589 17 3 to to TO 33589 17 4 have have VB 33589 17 5 been be VBN 33589 17 6 the the DT 33589 17 7 earliest early JJS 33589 17 8 material material NN 33589 17 9 used use VBN 33589 17 10 for for IN 33589 17 11 the the DT 33589 17 12 building building NN 33589 17 13 of of IN 33589 17 14 a a DT 33589 17 15 home home NN 33589 17 16 when when WRB 33589 17 17 out out IN 33589 17 18 - - HYPH 33589 17 19 of of IN 33589 17 20 - - HYPH 33589 17 21 door door NN 33589 17 22 dwellings dwelling NNS 33589 17 23 took take VBD 33589 17 24 the the DT 33589 17 25 place place NN 33589 17 26 of of IN 33589 17 27 the the DT 33589 17 28 caves cave NNS 33589 17 29 that that WDT 33589 17 30 were be VBD 33589 17 31 the the DT 33589 17 32 first first JJ 33589 17 33 shelters shelter NNS 33589 17 34 of of IN 33589 17 35 primitive primitive JJ 33589 17 36 man man NN 33589 17 37 . . . 33589 18 1 At at IN 33589 18 2 Joigny Joigny NNP 33589 18 3 in in IN 33589 18 4 France France NNP 33589 18 5 there there EX 33589 18 6 still still RB 33589 18 7 exist exist VBP 33589 18 8 examples example NNS 33589 18 9 of of IN 33589 18 10 what what WP 33589 18 11 are be VBP 33589 18 12 supposed suppose VBN 33589 18 13 to to TO 33589 18 14 be be VB 33589 18 15 the the DT 33589 18 16 most most RBS 33589 18 17 ancient ancient JJ 33589 18 18 of of IN 33589 18 19 all all DT 33589 18 20 such such JJ 33589 18 21 dwellings dwelling NNS 33589 18 22 , , , 33589 18 23 namely namely RB 33589 18 24 circular circular JJ 33589 18 25 holes hole NNS 33589 18 26 , , , 33589 18 27 locally locally RB 33589 18 28 known know VBN 33589 18 29 as as IN 33589 18 30 _ _ NNP 33589 18 31 buvards buvard NNS 33589 18 32 _ _ NNP 33589 18 33 , , , 33589 18 34 in in IN 33589 18 35 which which WDT 33589 18 36 the the DT 33589 18 37 trunk trunk NN 33589 18 38 of of IN 33589 18 39 a a DT 33589 18 40 tree tree NN 33589 18 41 had have VBD 33589 18 42 been be VBN 33589 18 43 fixed fix VBN 33589 18 44 , , , 33589 18 45 the the DT 33589 18 46 branches branch NNS 33589 18 47 plastered plaster VBD 33589 18 48 over over RP 33589 18 49 with with IN 33589 18 50 clay clay NN 33589 18 51 forming form VBG 33589 18 52 the the DT 33589 18 53 roof roof NN 33589 18 54 of of IN 33589 18 55 a a DT 33589 18 56 simple simple JJ 33589 18 57 but but CC 33589 18 58 rain rain NN 33589 18 59 - - HYPH 33589 18 60 proof proof JJ 33589 18 61 refuge refuge NN 33589 18 62 . . . 33589 19 1 Huts hut NNS 33589 19 2 of of IN 33589 19 3 wattle wattle NN 33589 19 4 and and CC 33589 19 5 hurdle hurdle NN 33589 19 6 work work NN 33589 19 7 dating date VBG 33589 19 8 from from IN 33589 19 9 prehistoric prehistoric JJ 33589 19 10 times time NNS 33589 19 11 have have VBP 33589 19 12 also also RB 33589 19 13 been be VBN 33589 19 14 preserved preserve VBN 33589 19 15 , , , 33589 19 16 some some DT 33589 19 17 rising rise VBG 33589 19 18 from from IN 33589 19 19 the the DT 33589 19 20 ground ground NN 33589 19 21 , , , 33589 19 22 others other NNS 33589 19 23 from from IN 33589 19 24 platforms platform NNS 33589 19 25 resting rest VBG 33589 19 26 on on IN 33589 19 27 piles pile NNS 33589 19 28 sunk sink VBN 33589 19 29 in in IN 33589 19 30 the the DT 33589 19 31 beds bed NNS 33589 19 32 of of IN 33589 19 33 lakes lake NNS 33589 19 34 . . . 33589 20 1 These these DT 33589 20 2 were be VBD 33589 20 3 in in IN 33589 20 4 their -PRON- PRP$ 33589 20 5 time time NN 33589 20 6 superseded supersede VBN 33589 20 7 by by IN 33589 20 8 stronger strong JJR 33589 20 9 structures structure NNS 33589 20 10 , , , 33589 20 11 with with IN 33589 20 12 walls wall NNS 33589 20 13 made make VBN 33589 20 14 of of IN 33589 20 15 squared squared JJ 33589 20 16 beams beam NNS 33589 20 17 piled pile VBN 33589 20 18 up up RP 33589 20 19 horizontally horizontally RB 33589 20 20 and and CC 33589 20 21 fastened fasten VBN 33589 20 22 together together RB 33589 20 23 at at IN 33589 20 24 the the DT 33589 20 25 corners corner NNS 33589 20 26 with with IN 33589 20 27 wooden wooden JJ 33589 20 28 pegs peg NNS 33589 20 29 ; ; : 33589 20 30 the the DT 33589 20 31 roof roof NN 33589 20 32 being be VBG 33589 20 33 formed form VBN 33589 20 34 of of IN 33589 20 35 roughly roughly RB 33589 20 36 sawn sawn JJ 33589 20 37 planks plank NNS 33589 20 38 . . . 33589 21 1 Out out IN 33589 21 2 of of IN 33589 21 3 such such JJ 33589 21 4 primeval primeval NN 33589 21 5 houses house NNS 33589 21 6 as as IN 33589 21 7 these these DT 33589 21 8 were be VBD 33589 21 9 evolved evolve VBN 33589 21 10 in in IN 33589 21 11 the the DT 33589 21 12 course course NN 33589 21 13 of of IN 33589 21 14 centuries century NNS 33589 21 15 the the DT 33589 21 16 picturesque picturesque NN 33589 21 17 half half RB 33589 21 18 - - HYPH 33589 21 19 timbered timbere VBN 33589 21 20 cottages cottage NNS 33589 21 21 of of IN 33589 21 22 mediæval mediæval NN 33589 21 23 Europe Europe NNP 33589 21 24 and and CC 33589 21 25 the the DT 33589 21 26 quaint quaint JJ 33589 21 27 wooden wooden JJ 33589 21 28 churches church NNS 33589 21 29 of of IN 33589 21 30 Norway Norway NNP 33589 21 31 such such JJ 33589 21 32 as as IN 33589 21 33 the the DT 33589 21 34 characteristic characteristic JJ 33589 21 35 one one CD 33589 21 36 at at IN 33589 21 37 Hitterdal Hitterdal NNP 33589 21 38 . . . 33589 22 1 Limestone limestone NN 33589 22 2 , , , 33589 22 3 granite granite NN 33589 22 4 , , , 33589 22 5 and and CC 33589 22 6 sandstone sandstone NN 33589 22 7 were be VBD 33589 22 8 used use VBN 33589 22 9 for for IN 33589 22 10 building build VBG 33589 22 11 at at IN 33589 22 12 a a DT 33589 22 13 very very RB 33589 22 14 remote remote JJ 33589 22 15 period period NN 33589 22 16 in in IN 33589 22 17 much much RB 33589 22 18 the the DT 33589 22 19 same same JJ 33589 22 20 way way NN 33589 22 21 as as IN 33589 22 22 wood wood NN 33589 22 23 , , , 33589 22 24 large large JJ 33589 22 25 blocks block NNS 33589 22 26 , , , 33589 22 27 fresh fresh JJ 33589 22 28 from from IN 33589 22 29 the the DT 33589 22 30 quarry quarry NN 33589 22 31 , , , 33589 22 32 of of IN 33589 22 33 all all DT 33589 22 34 manner manner NN 33589 22 35 of of IN 33589 22 36 different different JJ 33589 22 37 shapes shape NNS 33589 22 38 , , , 33589 22 39 being be VBG 33589 22 40 piled pile VBN 33589 22 41 up up RP 33589 22 42 horizontally horizontally RB 33589 22 43 or or CC 33589 22 44 stood stand VBD 33589 22 45 on on IN 33589 22 46 edge edge NN 33589 22 47 , , , 33589 22 48 no no DT 33589 22 49 cement cement NN 33589 22 50 being be VBG 33589 22 51 employed employ VBN 33589 22 52 , , , 33589 22 53 though though IN 33589 22 54 in in IN 33589 22 55 certain certain JJ 33589 22 56 cases case NNS 33589 22 57 crushed crush VBN 33589 22 58 stone stone NN 33589 22 59 was be VBD 33589 22 60 used use VBN 33589 22 61 to to TO 33589 22 62 fill fill VB 33589 22 63 up up RP 33589 22 64 the the DT 33589 22 65 spaces space NNS 33589 22 66 between between IN 33589 22 67 the the DT 33589 22 68 blocks block NNS 33589 22 69 . . . 33589 23 1 To to IN 33589 23 2 walls wall NNS 33589 23 3 or or CC 33589 23 4 buildings building NNS 33589 23 5 of of IN 33589 23 6 which which WDT 33589 23 7 courses course NNS 33589 23 8 of of IN 33589 23 9 undressed undressed JJ 33589 23 10 stone stone NN 33589 23 11 were be VBD 33589 23 12 the the DT 33589 23 13 only only JJ 33589 23 14 materials material NNS 33589 23 15 , , , 33589 23 16 the the DT 33589 23 17 name name NN 33589 23 18 of of IN 33589 23 19 Cyclopean Cyclopean NNP 33589 23 20 has have VBZ 33589 23 21 been be VBN 33589 23 22 given give VBN 33589 23 23 because because IN 33589 23 24 of of IN 33589 23 25 the the DT 33589 23 26 erroneous erroneous JJ 33589 23 27 belief belief NN 33589 23 28 that that IN 33589 23 29 it -PRON- PRP 33589 23 30 was be VBD 33589 23 31 originated originate VBN 33589 23 32 by by IN 33589 23 33 the the DT 33589 23 34 Cyclopes Cyclopes NNPS 33589 23 35 , , , 33589 23 36 an an DT 33589 23 37 imaginary imaginary JJ 33589 23 38 race race NN 33589 23 39 of of IN 33589 23 40 giants giant NNS 33589 23 41 , , , 33589 23 42 supposed suppose VBN 33589 23 43 to to TO 33589 23 44 have have VB 33589 23 45 lived live VBN 33589 23 46 in in IN 33589 23 47 Thrace Thrace NNP 33589 23 48 , , , 33589 23 49 a a DT 33589 23 50 province province NN 33589 23 51 of of IN 33589 23 52 ancient ancient JJ 33589 23 53 Greece Greece NNP 33589 23 54 . . . 33589 24 1 Bricks brick NNS 33589 24 2 , , , 33589 24 3 that that DT 33589 24 4 is be VBZ 33589 24 5 to to TO 33589 24 6 say say VB 33589 24 7 , , , 33589 24 8 dried dry VBN 33589 24 9 blocks block NNS 33589 24 10 of of IN 33589 24 11 clay clay NN 33589 24 12 , , , 33589 24 13 were be VBD 33589 24 14 used use VBN 33589 24 15 at at IN 33589 24 16 a a DT 33589 24 17 very very RB 33589 24 18 early early JJ 33589 24 19 date date NN 33589 24 20 as as IN 33589 24 21 a a DT 33589 24 22 supplement supplement NN 33589 24 23 to to IN 33589 24 24 or or CC 33589 24 25 substitute substitute VB 33589 24 26 for for IN 33589 24 27 wood wood NN 33589 24 28 and and CC 33589 24 29 stone stone NN 33589 24 30 for for IN 33589 24 31 building building NN 33589 24 32 purposes purpose NNS 33589 24 33 . . . 33589 25 1 The the DT 33589 25 2 most most RBS 33589 25 3 ancient ancient JJ 33589 25 4 bricks brick NNS 33589 25 5 were be VBD 33589 25 6 not not RB 33589 25 7 subjected subject VBN 33589 25 8 to to IN 33589 25 9 artificial artificial JJ 33589 25 10 heat heat NN 33589 25 11 but but CC 33589 25 12 were be VBD 33589 25 13 simply simply RB 33589 25 14 exposed expose VBN 33589 25 15 to to IN 33589 25 16 the the DT 33589 25 17 sun sun NN 33589 25 18 , , , 33589 25 19 and and CC 33589 25 20 even even RB 33589 25 21 when when WRB 33589 25 22 kiln kiln NNP 33589 25 23 - - HYPH 33589 25 24 baked bake VBN 33589 25 25 bricks brick NNS 33589 25 26 were be VBD 33589 25 27 introduced introduce VBN 33589 25 28 they -PRON- PRP 33589 25 29 were be VBD 33589 25 30 often often RB 33589 25 31 employed employ VBN 33589 25 32 merely merely RB 33589 25 33 to to TO 33589 25 34 face face VB 33589 25 35 the the DT 33589 25 36 older old JJR 33589 25 37 variety variety NN 33589 25 38 . . . 33589 26 1 Spacious spacious JJ 33589 26 2 and and CC 33589 26 3 lofty lofty JJ 33589 26 4 buildings building NNS 33589 26 5 consisting consist VBG 33589 26 6 entirely entirely RB 33589 26 7 of of IN 33589 26 8 bricks brick NNS 33589 26 9 were be VBD 33589 26 10 erected erect VBN 33589 26 11 at at IN 33589 26 12 a a DT 33589 26 13 very very RB 33589 26 14 early early JJ 33589 26 15 date date NN 33589 26 16 in in IN 33589 26 17 Assyria Assyria NNP 33589 26 18 , , , 33589 26 19 Persia Persia NNP 33589 26 20 , , , 33589 26 21 and and CC 33589 26 22 elsewhere elsewhere RB 33589 26 23 , , , 33589 26 24 and and CC 33589 26 25 some some DT 33589 26 26 of of IN 33589 26 27 the the DT 33589 26 28 most most RBS 33589 26 29 noteworthy noteworthy JJ 33589 26 30 architectural architectural JJ 33589 26 31 survivals survival NNS 33589 26 32 of of IN 33589 26 33 the the DT 33589 26 34 Roman Roman NNP 33589 26 35 Empire Empire NNP 33589 26 36 are be VBP 33589 26 37 of of IN 33589 26 38 the the DT 33589 26 39 same same JJ 33589 26 40 material material NN 33589 26 41 . . . 33589 27 1 The the DT 33589 27 2 main main JJ 33589 27 3 features feature NNS 33589 27 4 of of IN 33589 27 5 a a DT 33589 27 6 building building NN 33589 27 7 are be VBP 33589 27 8 determined determine VBN 33589 27 9 by by IN 33589 27 10 the the DT 33589 27 11 shape shape NN 33589 27 12 of of IN 33589 27 13 the the DT 33589 27 14 walls wall NNS 33589 27 15 or or CC 33589 27 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were be VBD 33589 28 5 flat flat JJ 33589 28 6 , , , 33589 28 7 and and CC 33589 28 8 the the DT 33589 28 9 most most RBS 33589 28 10 ancient ancient JJ 33589 28 11 mode mode NN 33589 28 12 of of IN 33589 28 13 linking link VBG 33589 28 14 together together RB 33589 28 15 the the DT 33589 28 16 supports support NNS 33589 28 17 of of IN 33589 28 18 doors door NNS 33589 28 19 and and CC 33589 28 20 windows window NNS 33589 28 21 was be VBD 33589 28 22 to to TO 33589 28 23 place place VB 33589 28 24 a a DT 33589 28 25 plank plank NN 33589 28 26 of of IN 33589 28 27 wood wood NN 33589 28 28 or or CC 33589 28 29 slab slab NN 33589 28 30 of of IN 33589 28 31 stone stone NN 33589 28 32 known know VBN 33589 28 33 as as IN 33589 28 34 a a DT 33589 28 35 _ _ NNP 33589 28 36 lintel lintel NNP 33589 28 37 _ _ NNP 33589 28 38 across across IN 33589 28 39 them -PRON- PRP 33589 28 40 at at IN 33589 28 41 the the DT 33589 28 42 top top NN 33589 28 43 . . . 33589 29 1 To to IN 33589 29 2 this this DT 33589 29 3 style style NN 33589 29 4 of of IN 33589 29 5 roofing roofing NN 33589 29 6 and and CC 33589 29 7 spanning spanning NN 33589 29 8 , , , 33589 29 9 which which WDT 33589 29 10 reached reach VBD 33589 29 11 its -PRON- PRP$ 33589 29 12 most most RBS 33589 29 13 perfect perfect JJ 33589 29 14 development development NN 33589 29 15 in in IN 33589 29 16 the the DT 33589 29 17 temples temple NNS 33589 29 18 of of IN 33589 29 19 Greece Greece NNP 33589 29 20 , , , 33589 29 21 the the DT 33589 29 22 name name NN 33589 29 23 of of IN 33589 29 24 the the DT 33589 29 25 _ _ NNP 33589 29 26 trabeated trabeate VBN 33589 29 27 _ _ NNP 33589 29 28 was be VBD 33589 29 29 given give VBN 33589 29 30 , , , 33589 29 31 derived derive VBN 33589 29 32 in in IN 33589 29 33 the the DT 33589 29 34 first first JJ 33589 29 35 instance instance NN 33589 29 36 from from IN 33589 29 37 the the DT 33589 29 38 so so RB 33589 29 39 - - HYPH 33589 29 40 called call VBN 33589 29 41 _ _ NNP 33589 29 42 trabea trabea NN 33589 29 43 _ _ NNP 33589 29 44 , , , 33589 29 45 a a DT 33589 29 46 toga toga NN 33589 29 47 adorned adorn VBN 33589 29 48 with with IN 33589 29 49 horizontal horizontal JJ 33589 29 50 stripes stripe NNS 33589 29 51 . . . 33589 30 1 It -PRON- PRP 33589 30 2 was be VBD 33589 30 3 only only RB 33589 30 4 by by IN 33589 30 5 very very RB 33589 30 6 gradual gradual JJ 33589 30 7 degrees degree NNS 33589 30 8 that that WDT 33589 30 9 the the DT 33589 30 10 trabeated trabeate VBN 33589 30 11 mode mode NN 33589 30 12 of of IN 33589 30 13 roofing roofing NN 33589 30 14 and and CC 33589 30 15 spanning spanning NN 33589 30 16 was be VBD 33589 30 17 succeeded succeed VBN 33589 30 18 by by IN 33589 30 19 what what WP 33589 30 20 is be VBZ 33589 30 21 known know VBN 33589 30 22 as as IN 33589 30 23 the the DT 33589 30 24 _ _ NNP 33589 30 25 arcuated arcuate VBD 33589 30 26 _ _ NNP 33589 30 27 , , , 33589 30 28 or or CC 33589 30 29 that that IN 33589 30 30 in in IN 33589 30 31 which which WDT 33589 30 32 the the DT 33589 30 33 arch arch NN 33589 30 34 takes take VBZ 33589 30 35 the the DT 33589 30 36 place place NN 33589 30 37 of of IN 33589 30 38 the the DT 33589 30 39 horizontal horizontal JJ 33589 30 40 beam beam NN 33589 30 41 . . . 33589 31 1 In in IN 33589 31 2 early early JJ 33589 31 3 Roman roman JJ 33589 31 4 temples temple NNS 33589 31 5 and and CC 33589 31 6 palaces palace NNS 33589 31 7 the the DT 33589 31 8 Greek greek JJ 33589 31 9 style style NN 33589 31 10 was be VBD 33589 31 11 long long RB 33589 31 12 carefully carefully RB 33589 31 13 copied copied JJ 33589 31 14 , , , 33589 31 15 but but CC 33589 31 16 in in IN 33589 31 17 utilitarian utilitarian JJ 33589 31 18 works work NNS 33589 31 19 such such JJ 33589 31 20 as as IN 33589 31 21 bridges bridge NNS 33589 31 22 , , , 33589 31 23 viaducts viaduct NNS 33589 31 24 , , , 33589 31 25 and and CC 33589 31 26 drains drain VBZ 33589 31 27 the the DT 33589 31 28 arch arch NN 33589 31 29 was be VBD 33589 31 30 employed employ VBN 33589 31 31 at at IN 33589 31 32 a a DT 33589 31 33 very very RB 33589 31 34 remote remote JJ 33589 31 35 period period NN 33589 31 36 . . . 33589 32 1 An an DT 33589 32 2 arch arch JJ 33589 32 3 whether whether IN 33589 32 4 circular circular JJ 33589 32 5 or or CC 33589 32 6 pointed pointed JJ 33589 32 7 consists consist NNS 33589 32 8 of of IN 33589 32 9 two two CD 33589 32 10 series series NN 33589 32 11 of of IN 33589 32 12 stones stone NNS 33589 32 13 cut cut VBN 33589 32 14 into into IN 33589 32 15 the the DT 33589 32 16 form form NN 33589 32 17 of of IN 33589 32 18 wedges wedge NNS 33589 32 19 known know VBN 33589 32 20 as as IN 33589 32 21 _ _ NNP 33589 32 22 voussoirs voussoir NNS 33589 32 23 _ _ NNP 33589 32 24 , , , 33589 32 25 a a DT 33589 32 26 central central JJ 33589 32 27 one one NN 33589 32 28 at at IN 33589 32 29 the the DT 33589 32 30 apex apex NN 33589 32 31 or or CC 33589 32 32 highest high JJS 33589 32 33 point point NN 33589 32 34 called call VBN 33589 32 35 the the DT 33589 32 36 _ _ NNP 33589 32 37 keystone keystone NN 33589 32 38 _ _ NNP 33589 32 39 locking lock VBG 33589 32 40 the the DT 33589 32 41 two two CD 33589 32 42 series series NN 33589 32 43 together together RB 33589 32 44 . . . 33589 33 1 This this DT 33589 33 2 beautiful beautiful JJ 33589 33 3 contrivance contrivance NN 33589 33 4 , , , 33589 33 5 the the DT 33589 33 6 inventor inventor NN 33589 33 7 of of IN 33589 33 8 which which WDT 33589 33 9 is be VBZ 33589 33 10 unknown unknown JJ 33589 33 11 , , , 33589 33 12 gradually gradually RB 33589 33 13 revolutionised revolutionise VBD 33589 33 14 the the DT 33589 33 15 science science NN 33589 33 16 of of IN 33589 33 17 architecture architecture NN 33589 33 18 . . . 33589 34 1 It -PRON- PRP 33589 34 2 was be VBD 33589 34 3 used use VBN 33589 34 4 at at IN 33589 34 5 first first RB 33589 34 6 , , , 33589 34 7 tentatively tentatively RB 33589 34 8 as as IN 33589 34 9 it -PRON- PRP 33589 34 10 were be VBD 33589 34 11 , , , 33589 34 12 in in IN 33589 34 13 combination combination NN 33589 34 14 with with IN 33589 34 15 the the DT 33589 34 16 horizontal horizontal JJ 33589 34 17 beam beam NN 33589 34 18 or or CC 33589 34 19 slab slab NN 33589 34 20 of of IN 33589 34 21 stone stone NN 33589 34 22 , , , 33589 34 23 but but CC 33589 34 24 in in IN 33589 34 25 the the DT 33589 34 26 end end NN 33589 34 27 became become VBD 33589 34 28 in in IN 33589 34 29 its -PRON- PRP$ 33589 34 30 rounded rounded JJ 33589 34 31 form form NN 33589 34 32 the the DT 33589 34 33 distinctive distinctive JJ 33589 34 34 peculiarity peculiarity NN 33589 34 35 of of IN 33589 34 36 the the DT 33589 34 37 Romanesque Romanesque NNP 33589 34 38 and and CC 33589 34 39 in in IN 33589 34 40 its -PRON- PRP$ 33589 34 41 pointed pointed JJ 33589 34 42 shape shape NN 33589 34 43 of of IN 33589 34 44 the the DT 33589 34 45 Gothic gothic JJ 33589 34 46 style style NN 33589 34 47 . . . 33589 35 1 ARCHITECTURE ARCHITECTURE NNP 33589 35 2 CHAPTER CHAPTER NNP 33589 35 3 I -PRON- PRP 33589 35 4 EGYPTIAN egyptian VBP 33589 35 5 , , , 33589 35 6 ASIATIC ASIATIC NNP 33589 35 7 , , , 33589 35 8 AND and CC 33589 35 9 EARLY EARLY NNP 33589 35 10 AMERICAN AMERICAN NNP 33589 35 11 ARCHITECTURE ARCHITECTURE NNP 33589 35 12 The the DT 33589 35 13 most most RBS 33589 35 14 ancient ancient JJ 33589 35 15 existing exist VBG 33589 35 16 examples example NNS 33589 35 17 of of IN 33589 35 18 Egyptian egyptian JJ 33589 35 19 architecture architecture NN 33589 35 20 are be VBP 33589 35 21 the the DT 33589 35 22 royal royal JJ 33589 35 23 tombs tomb NNS 33589 35 24 of of IN 33589 35 25 the the DT 33589 35 26 Memphite Memphite NNP 33589 35 27 kingdom kingdom NN 33589 35 28 known know VBN 33589 35 29 as as IN 33589 35 30 the the DT 33589 35 31 Pyramids Pyramids NNPS 33589 35 32 , , , 33589 35 33 of of IN 33589 35 34 which which WDT 33589 35 35 the the DT 33589 35 36 oldest old JJS 33589 35 37 is be VBZ 33589 35 38 that that DT 33589 35 39 of of IN 33589 35 40 King King NNP 33589 35 41 Seneferu Seneferu NNP 33589 35 42 ( ( -LRB- 33589 35 43 about about RB 33589 35 44 3000 3000 CD 33589 35 45 B.C. B.C. NNP 33589 35 46 ) ) -RRB- 33589 36 1 at at IN 33589 36 2 Medum Medum NNP 33589 36 3 , , , 33589 36 4 and and CC 33589 36 5 the the DT 33589 36 6 largest large JJS 33589 36 7 , , , 33589 36 8 which which WDT 33589 36 9 rises rise VBZ 33589 36 10 to to IN 33589 36 11 a a DT 33589 36 12 height height NN 33589 36 13 of of IN 33589 36 14 481 481 CD 33589 36 15 feet foot NNS 33589 36 16 from from IN 33589 36 17 a a DT 33589 36 18 base base NN 33589 36 19 764 764 CD 33589 36 20 feet foot NNS 33589 36 21 square square JJ 33589 36 22 , , , 33589 36 23 that that DT 33589 36 24 called call VBD 33589 36 25 the the DT 33589 36 26 Great Great NNP 33589 36 27 Pyramid Pyramid NNP 33589 36 28 of of IN 33589 36 29 King King NNP 33589 36 30 Cheops Cheops NNP 33589 36 31 ( ( -LRB- 33589 36 32 3788 3788 CD 33589 36 33 - - SYM 33589 36 34 3666 3666 CD 33589 36 35 ) ) -RRB- 33589 36 36 at at IN 33589 36 37 Ghizeh Ghizeh NNP 33589 36 38 , , , 33589 36 39 near near IN 33589 36 40 Cairo Cairo NNP 33589 36 41 , , , 33589 36 42 on on IN 33589 36 43 which which WDT 33589 36 44 100,000 100,000 CD 33589 36 45 men man NNS 33589 36 46 are be VBP 33589 36 47 said say VBN 33589 36 48 to to TO 33589 36 49 have have VB 33589 36 50 been be VBN 33589 36 51 continuously continuously RB 33589 36 52 employed employ VBN 33589 36 53 for for IN 33589 36 54 thirty thirty CD 33589 36 55 years year NNS 33589 36 56 . . . 33589 37 1 The the DT 33589 37 2 latter latter NN 33589 37 3 is be VBZ 33589 37 4 not not RB 33589 37 5 only only RB 33589 37 6 a a DT 33589 37 7 marvel marvel NN 33589 37 8 of of IN 33589 37 9 constructive constructive JJ 33589 37 10 skill skill NN 33589 37 11 , , , 33589 37 12 but but CC 33589 37 13 is be VBZ 33589 37 14 by by IN 33589 37 15 many many JJ 33589 37 16 authorities authority NNS 33589 37 17 considered consider VBN 33589 37 18 to to TO 33589 37 19 be be VB 33589 37 20 a a DT 33589 37 21 most most RBS 33589 37 22 accurately accurately RB 33589 37 23 designed design VBN 33589 37 24 astronomical astronomical JJ 33589 37 25 observatory observatory NN 33589 37 26 . . . 33589 38 1 [ [ -LRB- 33589 38 2 Illustration illustration NN 33589 38 3 : : : 33589 38 4 Section section NN 33589 38 5 of of IN 33589 38 6 King King NNP 33589 38 7 's 's POS 33589 38 8 Chamber Chamber NNP 33589 38 9 , , , 33589 38 10 and and CC 33589 38 11 of of IN 33589 38 12 Passage passage NN 33589 38 13 in in IN 33589 38 14 Great Great NNP 33589 38 15 Pyramid Pyramid NNP 33589 38 16 ] ] -RRB- 33589 38 17 The the DT 33589 38 18 Pyramids Pyramids NNPS 33589 38 19 consist consist VBP 33589 38 20 of of IN 33589 38 21 masses masse NNS 33589 38 22 of of IN 33589 38 23 admirably admirably RB 33589 38 24 squared squared JJ 33589 38 25 and and CC 33589 38 26 polished polished JJ 33589 38 27 stones stone NNS 33589 38 28 , , , 33589 38 29 in in IN 33589 38 30 certain certain JJ 33589 38 31 cases case NNS 33589 38 32 supplemented supplement VBN 33589 38 33 with with IN 33589 38 34 bricks brick NNS 33589 38 35 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33589 40 18 and and CC 33589 40 19 children child NNS 33589 40 20 and and CC 33589 40 21 of of IN 33589 40 22 the the DT 33589 40 23 great great JJ 33589 40 24 officers officer NNS 33589 40 25 of of IN 33589 40 26 state state NN 33589 40 27 . . . 33589 41 1 They -PRON- PRP 33589 41 2 are be VBP 33589 41 3 constructed construct VBN 33589 41 4 of of IN 33589 41 5 stone stone NN 33589 41 6 , , , 33589 41 7 are be VBP 33589 41 8 square square JJ 33589 41 9 or or CC 33589 41 10 oblong oblong JJ 33589 41 11 in in IN 33589 41 12 form form NN 33589 41 13 , , , 33589 41 14 and and CC 33589 41 15 their -PRON- PRP$ 33589 41 16 walls wall NNS 33589 41 17 are be VBP 33589 41 18 adorned adorn VBN 33589 41 19 with with IN 33589 41 20 paintings painting NNS 33589 41 21 of of IN 33589 41 22 scenes scene NNS 33589 41 23 from from IN 33589 41 24 contemporary contemporary JJ 33589 41 25 life life NN 33589 41 26 , , , 33589 41 27 the the DT 33589 41 28 whole whole JJ 33589 41 29 reminiscent reminiscent NN 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33589 46 29 than than IN 33589 46 30 it -PRON- PRP 33589 46 31 , , , 33589 46 32 known know VBN 33589 46 33 as as IN 33589 46 34 pylons pylon NNS 33589 46 35 , , , 33589 46 36 their -PRON- PRP$ 33589 46 37 surfaces surface NNS 33589 46 38 enriched enrich VBD 33589 46 39 with with IN 33589 46 40 symbolic symbolic JJ 33589 46 41 carvings carving NNS 33589 46 42 , , , 33589 46 43 giving give VBG 33589 46 44 access access NN 33589 46 45 to to IN 33589 46 46 a a DT 33589 46 47 square square JJ 33589 46 48 space space NN 33589 46 49 open open JJ 33589 46 50 to to IN 33589 46 51 the the DT 33589 46 52 sky sky NN 33589 46 53 , , , 33589 46 54 and and CC 33589 46 55 partly partly RB 33589 46 56 surrounded surround VBN 33589 46 57 with with IN 33589 46 58 cloisters cloister NNS 33589 46 59 , , , 33589 46 60 leading lead VBG 33589 46 61 into into IN 33589 46 62 a a DT 33589 46 63 noble noble JJ 33589 46 64 hall hall NN 33589 46 65 of of IN 33589 46 66 huge huge JJ 33589 46 67 dimensions dimension NNS 33589 46 68 , , , 33589 46 69 its -PRON- PRP$ 33589 46 70 flat flat JJ 33589 46 71 roof roof NN 33589 46 72 upheld uphold VBN 33589 46 73 by by IN 33589 46 74 columns column NNS 33589 46 75 , , , 33589 46 76 some some DT 33589 46 77 with with IN 33589 46 78 capitals capital NNS 33589 46 79 resembling resemble VBG 33589 46 80 lotus lotus NNP 33589 46 81 buds bud NNS 33589 46 82 , , , 33589 46 83 others other NNS 33589 46 84 representing represent VBG 33589 46 85 the the DT 33589 46 86 head head NN 33589 46 87 of of IN 33589 46 88 the the DT 33589 46 89 goddess goddess NN 33589 46 90 Isis Isis NNP 33589 46 91 . . . 33589 47 1 Beyond beyond IN 33589 47 2 this this DT 33589 47 3 hall hall NN 33589 47 4 were be VBD 33589 47 5 a a DT 33589 47 6 number number NN 33589 47 7 of of IN 33589 47 8 small small JJ 33589 47 9 dark dark JJ 33589 47 10 rooms room NNS 33589 47 11 , , , 33589 47 12 the the DT 33589 47 13 use use NN 33589 47 14 of of IN 33589 47 15 which which WDT 33589 47 16 has have 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48 3 noble noble JJ 33589 48 4 buildings building NNS 33589 48 5 were be VBD 33589 48 6 ranged ranged JJ 33589 48 7 obelisks obelisk NNS 33589 48 8 , , , 33589 48 9 or or CC 33589 48 10 four four CD 33589 48 11 - - HYPH 33589 48 12 sided sided JJ 33589 48 13 tapering tapering NN 33589 48 14 - - HYPH 33589 48 15 pillars pillar NNS 33589 48 16 of of IN 33589 48 17 great great JJ 33589 48 18 height height NN 33589 48 19 , , , 33589 48 20 covered cover VBN 33589 48 21 with with IN 33589 48 22 hieroglyphics hieroglyphic NNS 33589 48 23 commemorating commemorate VBG 33589 48 24 the the DT 33589 48 25 triumphs triumph NNS 33589 48 26 of of IN 33589 48 27 the the DT 33589 48 28 kings king NNS 33589 48 29 , , , 33589 48 30 and and CC 33589 48 31 colossal colossal JJ 33589 48 32 figures figure NNS 33589 48 33 , , , 33589 48 34 few few JJ 33589 48 35 of of IN 33589 48 36 which which WDT 33589 48 37 remain remain VBP 33589 48 38 _ _ NNP 33589 48 39 in in IN 33589 48 40 situ situ NN 33589 48 41 _ _ NNP 33589 48 42 , , , 33589 48 43 which which WDT 33589 48 44 added add VBD 33589 48 45 greatly greatly RB 33589 48 46 to to IN 33589 48 47 the the DT 33589 48 48 dignity dignity NN 33589 48 49 of of IN 33589 48 50 the the DT 33589 48 51 appearance appearance NN 33589 48 52 of of IN 33589 48 53 the the DT 33589 48 54 whole whole NN 33589 48 55 . . . 33589 49 1 To to IN 33589 49 2 the the DT 33589 49 3 same same JJ 33589 49 4 period period NN 33589 49 5 as as IN 33589 49 6 the the DT 33589 49 7 temples temple NNS 33589 49 8 of of IN 33589 49 9 Thebes Thebes NNPS 33589 49 10 belong belong VBP 33589 49 11 those those DT 33589 49 12 of of IN 33589 49 13 very very RB 33589 49 14 similar similar JJ 33589 49 15 general general JJ 33589 49 16 design design NN 33589 49 17 hewn hew VBN 33589 49 18 out out IN 33589 49 19 of of IN 33589 49 20 the the DT 33589 49 21 sides side NNS 33589 49 22 of of IN 33589 49 23 the the DT 33589 49 24 mountains mountain NNS 33589 49 25 of of IN 33589 49 26 Nubia Nubia NNP 33589 49 27 , , , 33589 49 28 of of IN 33589 49 29 which which WDT 33589 49 30 the the DT 33589 49 31 best good JJS 33589 49 32 example example NN 33589 49 33 is be VBZ 33589 49 34 the the DT 33589 49 35 larger large JJR 33589 49 36 of of IN 33589 49 37 the the DT 33589 49 38 two two CD 33589 49 39 at at IN 33589 49 40 Ipsambul Ipsambul NNP 33589 49 41 , , , 33589 49 42 specially specially RB 33589 49 43 noteworthy noteworthy JJ 33589 49 44 for for IN 33589 49 45 the the DT 33589 49 46 huge huge JJ 33589 49 47 seated seated JJ 33589 49 48 figure figure NN 33589 49 49 of of IN 33589 49 50 the the DT 33589 49 51 monarch monarch NN 33589 49 52 for for IN 33589 49 53 whom whom WP 33589 49 54 it -PRON- PRP 33589 49 55 was be VBD 33589 49 56 built build VBN 33589 49 57 , , , 33589 49 58 the the DT 33589 49 59 great great JJ 33589 49 60 Rameses Rameses NNPS 33589 49 61 II II NNP 33589 49 62 , , , 33589 49 63 guarding guard VBG 33589 49 64 the the DT 33589 49 65 entrance entrance NN 33589 49 66 to to IN 33589 49 67 it -PRON- PRP 33589 49 68 . . . 33589 50 1 The the DT 33589 50 2 tombs tomb NNS 33589 50 3 of of IN 33589 50 4 the the DT 33589 50 5 Theban Theban NNP 33589 50 6 rulers ruler NNS 33589 50 7 , , , 33589 50 8 like like IN 33589 50 9 the the DT 33589 50 10 Nubian nubian JJ 33589 50 11 temples temple NNS 33589 50 12 , , , 33589 50 13 were be VBD 33589 50 14 hewn hew VBN 33589 50 15 out out IN 33589 50 16 of of IN 33589 50 17 the the DT 33589 50 18 living live VBG 33589 50 19 rock rock NN 33589 50 20 , , , 33589 50 21 and and CC 33589 50 22 are be VBP 33589 50 23 many many JJ 33589 50 24 of of IN 33589 50 25 them -PRON- PRP 33589 50 26 , , , 33589 50 27 notably notably RB 33589 50 28 those those DT 33589 50 29 known know VBN 33589 50 30 as as IN 33589 50 31 the the DT 33589 50 32 Tombs Tombs NNPS 33589 50 33 of of IN 33589 50 34 the the DT 33589 50 35 Kings king NNS 33589 50 36 and and CC 33589 50 37 the the DT 33589 50 38 Tombs Tombs NNPS 33589 50 39 of of IN 33589 50 40 the the DT 33589 50 41 Queens Queens NNPS 33589 50 42 in in IN 33589 50 43 the the DT 33589 50 44 plains plain NNS 33589 50 45 watered water VBN 33589 50 46 by by IN 33589 50 47 the the DT 33589 50 48 Nile Nile NNP 33589 50 49 , , , 33589 50 50 of of IN 33589 50 51 vast vast JJ 33589 50 52 extent extent NN 33589 50 53 , , , 33589 50 54 labyrinths labyrinth NNS 33589 50 55 of of IN 33589 50 56 passages passage NNS 33589 50 57 , , , 33589 50 58 alternating alternate VBG 33589 50 59 with with IN 33589 50 60 large large JJ 33589 50 61 rooms room NNS 33589 50 62 , , , 33589 50 63 leading lead VBG 33589 50 64 to to IN 33589 50 65 the the DT 33589 50 66 actual actual JJ 33589 50 67 sepulchral sepulchral JJ 33589 50 68 chamber chamber NN 33589 50 69 . . . 33589 51 1 [ [ -LRB- 33589 51 2 Illustration illustration NN 33589 51 3 : : : 33589 51 4 Tomb tomb VB 33589 51 5 at at IN 33589 51 6 Beni Beni NNP 33589 51 7 Hassan Hassan NNP 33589 51 8 ] ] -RRB- 33589 51 9 Of of IN 33589 51 10 considerably considerably RB 33589 51 11 later late JJR 33589 51 12 date date NN 33589 51 13 than than IN 33589 51 14 any any DT 33589 51 15 of of IN 33589 51 16 the the DT 33589 51 17 buildings building NNS 33589 51 18 referred refer VBD 33589 51 19 to to IN 33589 51 20 above above RB 33589 51 21 are be VBP 33589 51 22 the the DT 33589 51 23 temples temple NNS 33589 51 24 of of IN 33589 51 25 Denderah Denderah NNP 33589 51 26 , , , 33589 51 27 Edfou Edfou NNP 33589 51 28 , , , 33589 51 29 and and CC 33589 51 30 Philæ Philæ NNP 33589 51 31 , , , 33589 51 32 erected erect VBN 33589 51 33 after after IN 33589 51 34 the the DT 33589 51 35 conquest conquest NN 33589 51 36 of of IN 33589 51 37 Egypt Egypt NNP 33589 51 38 by by IN 33589 51 39 the the DT 33589 51 40 Greeks Greeks NNPS 33589 51 41 , , , 33589 51 42 but but CC 33589 51 43 they -PRON- PRP 33589 51 44 all all DT 33589 51 45 resemble resemble VBP 33589 51 46 those those DT 33589 51 47 of of IN 33589 51 48 the the DT 33589 51 49 Theban Theban NNP 33589 51 50 dynasty dynasty NN 33589 51 51 in in IN 33589 51 52 general general JJ 33589 51 53 style style NN 33589 51 54 , , , 33589 51 55 whilst whilst IN 33589 51 56 that that DT 33589 51 57 at at IN 33589 51 58 Esneh Esneh NNP 33589 51 59 is be VBZ 33589 51 60 a a DT 33589 51 61 good good JJ 33589 51 62 example example NN 33589 51 63 of of IN 33589 51 64 the the DT 33589 51 65 results result NNS 33589 51 66 of of IN 33589 51 67 Roman roman JJ 33589 51 68 influence influence NN 33589 51 69 . . . 33589 52 1 Very very RB 33589 52 2 great great JJ 33589 52 3 is be VBZ 33589 52 4 the the DT 33589 52 5 contrast contrast NN 33589 52 6 to to IN 33589 52 7 Egyptian egyptian JJ 33589 52 8 architecture architecture NN 33589 52 9 presented present VBN 33589 52 10 by by IN 33589 52 11 the the DT 33589 52 12 Asiatic asiatic JJ 33589 52 13 buildings building NNS 33589 52 14 that that WDT 33589 52 15 have have VBP 33589 52 16 been be VBN 33589 52 17 preserved preserve VBN 33589 52 18 to to IN 33589 52 19 the the DT 33589 52 20 present present JJ 33589 52 21 day day NN 33589 52 22 . . . 33589 53 1 In in IN 33589 53 2 the the DT 33589 53 3 former former JJ 33589 53 4 stone stone NN 33589 53 5 was be VBD 33589 53 6 the the DT 33589 53 7 usual usual JJ 33589 53 8 material material NN 33589 53 9 employed employ VBN 33589 53 10 , , , 33589 53 11 and and CC 33589 53 12 the the DT 33589 53 13 mode mode NN 33589 53 14 of of IN 33589 53 15 construction construction NN 33589 53 16 was be VBD 33589 53 17 as as IN 33589 53 18 a a DT 33589 53 19 general general JJ 33589 53 20 rule rule NN 33589 53 21 that that WDT 33589 53 22 known know VBN 33589 53 23 as as IN 33589 53 24 the the DT 33589 53 25 post post NN 33589 53 26 and and CC 33589 53 27 lintel lintel NN 33589 53 28 , , , 33589 53 29 whilst whilst IN 33589 53 30 in in IN 33589 53 31 the the DT 33589 53 32 latter latter JJ 33589 53 33 brick brick NN 33589 53 34 was be VBD 33589 53 35 almost almost RB 33589 53 36 exclusively exclusively RB 33589 53 37 used use VBN 33589 53 38 , , , 33589 53 39 and and CC 33589 53 40 the the DT 33589 53 41 arch arch NN 33589 53 42 was be VBD 33589 53 43 a a DT 33589 53 44 distinctive distinctive JJ 33589 53 45 feature feature NN 33589 53 46 . . . 33589 54 1 The the DT 33589 54 2 so so RB 33589 54 3 - - HYPH 33589 54 4 called call VBN 33589 54 5 Babylonian Babylonian NNP 33589 54 6 or or CC 33589 54 7 Chaldean Chaldean NNP 33589 54 8 , , , 33589 54 9 Assyrian Assyrian NNP 33589 54 10 , , , 33589 54 11 and and CC 33589 54 12 Persian persian JJ 33589 54 13 styles style NNS 33589 54 14 resemble resemble VBP 33589 54 15 each each DT 33589 54 16 other other JJ 33589 54 17 so so RB 33589 54 18 greatly greatly RB 33589 54 19 that that IN 33589 54 20 they -PRON- PRP 33589 54 21 may may MD 33589 54 22 justly justly RB 33589 54 23 be be VB 33589 54 24 said say VBN 33589 54 25 to to TO 33589 54 26 belong belong VB 33589 54 27 to to IN 33589 54 28 one one CD 33589 54 29 type type NN 33589 54 30 , , , 33589 54 31 evolved evolve VBN 33589 54 32 by by IN 33589 54 33 the the DT 33589 54 34 inhabitants inhabitant NNS 33589 54 35 of of IN 33589 54 36 the the DT 33589 54 37 extensive extensive JJ 33589 54 38 region region NN 33589 54 39 watered water VBN 33589 54 40 by by IN 33589 54 41 the the DT 33589 54 42 Euphrates Euphrates NNP 33589 54 43 and and CC 33589 54 44 Tigris Tigris NNP 33589 54 45 , , , 33589 54 46 who who WP 33589 54 47 like like VBP 33589 54 48 the the DT 33589 54 49 Egyptians Egyptians NNPS 33589 54 50 attained attain VBD 33589 54 51 to to IN 33589 54 52 a a DT 33589 54 53 very very RB 33589 54 54 advanced advanced JJ 33589 54 55 civilisation civilisation NN 33589 54 56 at at IN 33589 54 57 a a DT 33589 54 58 remote remote JJ 33589 54 59 period period NN 33589 54 60 . . . 33589 55 1 Of of IN 33589 55 2 the the DT 33589 55 3 temples temple NNS 33589 55 4 not not RB 33589 55 5 a a DT 33589 55 6 single single JJ 33589 55 7 one one NN 33589 55 8 has have VBZ 33589 55 9 been be VBN 33589 55 10 preserved preserve VBN 33589 55 11 , , , 33589 55 12 but but CC 33589 55 13 the the DT 33589 55 14 remains remain NNS 33589 55 15 have have VBP 33589 55 16 recently recently RB 33589 55 17 been be VBN 33589 55 18 excavated excavate VBN 33589 55 19 , , , 33589 55 20 in in IN 33589 55 21 the the DT 33589 55 22 mounds mound NNS 33589 55 23 on on IN 33589 55 24 the the DT 33589 55 25 site site NN 33589 55 26 of of IN 33589 55 27 Babylon Babylon NNP 33589 55 28 , , , 33589 55 29 of of IN 33589 55 30 four four CD 33589 55 31 that that WDT 33589 55 32 consisted consist VBD 33589 55 33 of of IN 33589 55 34 numerous numerous JJ 33589 55 35 chambers chamber NNS 33589 55 36 enclosing enclose VBG 33589 55 37 a a DT 33589 55 38 large large JJ 33589 55 39 court court NN 33589 55 40 with with IN 33589 55 41 towered tower VBN 33589 55 42 gateways gateway NNS 33589 55 43 , , , 33589 55 44 whilst whilst IN 33589 55 45 at at IN 33589 55 46 Assur Assur NNP 33589 55 47 another another DT 33589 55 48 has have VBZ 33589 55 49 been be VBN 33589 55 50 uncovered uncover VBN 33589 55 51 of of IN 33589 55 52 a a DT 33589 55 53 somewhat somewhat RB 33589 55 54 similar similar JJ 33589 55 55 design design NN 33589 55 56 . . . 33589 56 1 To to TO 33589 56 2 atone atone VB 33589 56 3 for for IN 33589 56 4 the the DT 33589 56 5 lack lack NN 33589 56 6 of of IN 33589 56 7 temples temple NNS 33589 56 8 many many JJ 33589 56 9 Asiatic asiatic JJ 33589 56 10 palaces palace NNS 33589 56 11 have have VBP 33589 56 12 been be VBN 33589 56 13 to to IN 33589 56 14 some some DT 33589 56 15 extent extent NN 33589 56 16 reconstructed reconstruct VBN 33589 56 17 , , , 33589 56 18 the the DT 33589 56 19 most most RBS 33589 56 20 remarkable remarkable JJ 33589 56 21 being be VBG 33589 56 22 those those DT 33589 56 23 unearthed unearth VBN 33589 56 24 near near IN 33589 56 25 the the DT 33589 56 26 villages village NNS 33589 56 27 of of IN 33589 56 28 Nimrod Nimrod NNP 33589 56 29 , , , 33589 56 30 Khorsabad Khorsabad NNP 33589 56 31 , , , 33589 56 32 and and CC 33589 56 33 Koyunjik Koyunjik NNP 33589 56 34 , , , 33589 56 35 all all DT 33589 56 36 supposed suppose VBN 33589 56 37 to to TO 33589 56 38 be be VB 33589 56 39 relics relic NNS 33589 56 40 of of IN 33589 56 41 Nineveh Nineveh NNP 33589 56 42 . . . 33589 57 1 They -PRON- PRP 33589 57 2 originally originally RB 33589 57 3 consisted consist VBD 33589 57 4 of of IN 33589 57 5 lofty lofty JJ 33589 57 6 many many JJ 33589 57 7 - - HYPH 33589 57 8 roomed roomed JJ 33589 57 9 structures structure NNS 33589 57 10 raised raise VBN 33589 57 11 on on IN 33589 57 12 high high JJ 33589 57 13 platforms platform NNS 33589 57 14 , , , 33589 57 15 and and CC 33589 57 16 entered enter VBN 33589 57 17 from from IN 33589 57 18 arched arch VBN 33589 57 19 gateways gateway NNS 33589 57 20 flanked flank VBN 33589 57 21 by by IN 33589 57 22 colossal colossal JJ 33589 57 23 winged wing VBD 33589 57 24 bulls bull NNS 33589 57 25 of of IN 33589 57 26 stone stone NN 33589 57 27 . . . 33589 58 1 The the DT 33589 58 2 brick brick NN 33589 58 3 walls wall NNS 33589 58 4 were be VBD 33589 58 5 encased encase VBN 33589 58 6 in in IN 33589 58 7 alabaster alabaster NN 33589 58 8 slabs slab NNS 33589 58 9 carved carve VBN 33589 58 10 with with IN 33589 58 11 figure figure NN 33589 58 12 subjects subject NNS 33589 58 13 in in IN 33589 58 14 low low JJ 33589 58 15 relief relief NN 33589 58 16 , , , 33589 58 17 some some DT 33589 58 18 of of IN 33589 58 19 which which WDT 33589 58 20 are be VBP 33589 58 21 in in IN 33589 58 22 the the DT 33589 58 23 British British NNP 33589 58 24 Museum Museum NNP 33589 58 25 , , , 33589 58 26 and and CC 33589 58 27 galleries gallery NNS 33589 58 28 , , , 33589 58 29 rising rise VBG 33589 58 30 from from IN 33589 58 31 columns column NNS 33589 58 32 with with IN 33589 58 33 capitals capital NNS 33589 58 34 that that WDT 33589 58 35 foreshadowed foreshadow VBD 33589 58 36 Greek greek JJ 33589 58 37 forms form NNS 33589 58 38 , , , 33589 58 39 admitted admit VBN 33589 58 40 air air NN 33589 58 41 and and CC 33589 58 42 light light NN 33589 58 43 freely freely RB 33589 58 44 . . . 33589 59 1 The the DT 33589 59 2 Palace Palace NNP 33589 59 3 of of IN 33589 59 4 Nebuchadnezzar Nebuchadnezzar NNP 33589 59 5 has have VBZ 33589 59 6 also also RB 33589 59 7 recently recently RB 33589 59 8 been be VBN 33589 59 9 identified identify VBN 33589 59 10 , , , 33589 59 11 and and CC 33589 59 12 must must MD 33589 59 13 when when WRB 33589 59 14 uninjured uninjured JJ 33589 59 15 have have VBP 33589 59 16 been be VBN 33589 59 17 an an DT 33589 59 18 immense immense JJ 33589 59 19 castle castle NN 33589 59 20 - - HYPH 33589 59 21 like like JJ 33589 59 22 pile pile NN 33589 59 23 with with IN 33589 59 24 a a DT 33589 59 25 vast vast JJ 33589 59 26 number number NN 33589 59 27 of of IN 33589 59 28 courts court NNS 33589 59 29 and and CC 33589 59 30 halls hall NNS 33589 59 31 to to TO 33589 59 32 which which WDT 33589 59 33 a a DT 33589 59 34 paved paved JJ 33589 59 35 way way NN 33589 59 36 led lead VBN 33589 59 37 up up RP 33589 59 38 . . . 33589 60 1 [ [ -LRB- 33589 60 2 Illustration illustration NN 33589 60 3 : : : 33589 60 4 Terrace Terrace NNP 33589 60 5 Wall Wall NNP 33589 60 6 at at IN 33589 60 7 Khorsabad Khorsabad NNP 33589 60 8 ] ] -RRB- 33589 60 9 Tombs tomb NNS 33589 60 10 and and CC 33589 60 11 palaces palace NNS 33589 60 12 are be VBP 33589 60 13 the the DT 33589 60 14 chief chief JJ 33589 60 15 relics relic NNS 33589 60 16 of of IN 33589 60 17 Persian persian JJ 33589 60 18 architecture architecture NN 33589 60 19 . . . 33589 61 1 Many many JJ 33589 61 2 of of IN 33589 61 3 the the DT 33589 61 4 former former JJ 33589 61 5 , , , 33589 61 6 notably notably RB 33589 61 7 that that IN 33589 61 8 near near IN 33589 61 9 Murghab Murghab NNP 33589 61 10 , , , 33589 61 11 supposed suppose VBN 33589 61 12 to to TO 33589 61 13 have have VB 33589 61 14 been be VBN 33589 61 15 the the DT 33589 61 16 sepulchre sepulchre NN 33589 61 17 of of IN 33589 61 18 Cyrus Cyrus NNP 33589 61 19 , , , 33589 61 20 resemble resemble JJ 33589 61 21 Greek greek JJ 33589 61 22 temples temple NNS 33589 61 23 in in IN 33589 61 24 general general JJ 33589 61 25 style style NN 33589 61 26 , , , 33589 61 27 whilst whilst IN 33589 61 28 others other NNS 33589 61 29 are be VBP 33589 61 30 rock rock NN 33589 61 31 - - HYPH 33589 61 32 cut cut VBN 33589 61 33 and and CC 33589 61 34 recall recall VB 33589 61 35 the the DT 33589 61 36 Mastabas Mastabas NNP 33589 61 37 of of IN 33589 61 38 Egypt Egypt NNP 33589 61 39 . . . 33589 62 1 Of of IN 33589 62 2 the the DT 33589 62 3 palaces palace NNS 33589 62 4 those those DT 33589 62 5 at at IN 33589 62 6 Persepolis Persepolis NNP 33589 62 7 were be VBD 33589 62 8 the the DT 33589 62 9 most most RBS 33589 62 10 remarkable remarkable JJ 33589 62 11 , , , 33589 62 12 for for IN 33589 62 13 in in IN 33589 62 14 them -PRON- PRP 33589 62 15 Persian persian JJ 33589 62 16 architecture architecture NN 33589 62 17 reached reach VBD 33589 62 18 its -PRON- PRP$ 33589 62 19 fullest full JJS 33589 62 20 development development NN 33589 62 21 . . . 33589 63 1 Their -PRON- PRP$ 33589 63 2 ruins ruin NNS 33589 63 3 , , , 33589 63 4 that that WDT 33589 63 5 rise rise VBP 33589 63 6 from from IN 33589 63 7 a a DT 33589 63 8 platform platform NN 33589 63 9 some some DT 33589 63 10 forty forty CD 33589 63 11 feet foot NNS 33589 63 12 high high JJ 33589 63 13 hewn hew VBN 33589 63 14 out out IN 33589 63 15 of of IN 33589 63 16 the the DT 33589 63 17 surface surface NN 33589 63 18 of of IN 33589 63 19 the the DT 33589 63 20 living live VBG 33589 63 21 rock rock NN 33589 63 22 , , , 33589 63 23 to to TO 33589 63 24 which which WDT 33589 63 25 long long JJ 33589 63 26 flights flight NNS 33589 63 27 of of IN 33589 63 28 steps step NNS 33589 63 29 led lead VBN 33589 63 30 up up RP 33589 63 31 , , , 33589 63 32 consist consist VB 33589 63 33 of of IN 33589 63 34 vast vast JJ 33589 63 35 columned columned JJ 33589 63 36 halls hall NNS 33589 63 37 entered enter VBN 33589 63 38 from from IN 33589 63 39 detached detach VBN 33589 63 40 porticoes portico NNS 33589 63 41 known know VBN 33589 63 42 as as IN 33589 63 43 propylæa propylæa NN 33589 63 44 . . . 33589 64 1 When when WRB 33589 64 2 intact intact JJ 33589 64 3 the the DT 33589 64 4 largest large JJS 33589 64 5 of of IN 33589 64 6 these these DT 33589 64 7 halls hall NNS 33589 64 8 , , , 33589 64 9 named name VBN 33589 64 10 after after IN 33589 64 11 Xerxes Xerxes NNP 33589 64 12 , , , 33589 64 13 must must MD 33589 64 14 have have VB 33589 64 15 exceeded exceed VBN 33589 64 16 in in IN 33589 64 17 size size NN 33589 64 18 the the DT 33589 64 19 cathedrals cathedral NNS 33589 64 20 of of IN 33589 64 21 Canterbury Canterbury NNP 33589 64 22 or or CC 33589 64 23 Winchester Winchester NNP 33589 64 24 . . . 33589 65 1 Other other JJ 33589 65 2 noteworthy noteworthy JJ 33589 65 3 relics relic NNS 33589 65 4 of of IN 33589 65 5 early early JJ 33589 65 6 Asiatic asiatic JJ 33589 65 7 architecture architecture NN 33589 65 8 are be VBP 33589 65 9 the the DT 33589 65 10 tombs tomb NNS 33589 65 11 of of IN 33589 65 12 Lycia Lycia NNP 33589 65 13 , , , 33589 65 14 Phrygia Phrygia NNP 33589 65 15 , , , 33589 65 16 and and CC 33589 65 17 Lydia Lydia NNP 33589 65 18 . . . 33589 66 1 The the DT 33589 66 2 first first JJ 33589 66 3 named name VBN 33589 66 4 -- -- : 33589 66 5 of of IN 33589 66 6 which which WDT 33589 66 7 the the DT 33589 66 8 so so RB 33589 66 9 - - HYPH 33589 66 10 called call VBN 33589 66 11 tomb tomb NN 33589 66 12 of of IN 33589 66 13 the the DT 33589 66 14 Harpies Harpies NNPS 33589 66 15 now now RB 33589 66 16 in in IN 33589 66 17 the the DT 33589 66 18 British British NNP 33589 66 19 Museum Museum NNP 33589 66 20 is be VBZ 33589 66 21 a a DT 33589 66 22 typical typical JJ 33589 66 23 example example NN 33589 66 24 -- -- : 33589 66 25 are be VBP 33589 66 26 all all DT 33589 66 27 either either RB 33589 66 28 cut cut VBN 33589 66 29 in in IN 33589 66 30 the the DT 33589 66 31 living live VBG 33589 66 32 rock rock NN 33589 66 33 or or CC 33589 66 34 carved carve VBD 33589 66 35 out out IN 33589 66 36 of of IN 33589 66 37 detached detached JJ 33589 66 38 masses masse NNS 33589 66 39 of of IN 33589 66 40 stone stone NN 33589 66 41 , , , 33589 66 42 in in IN 33589 66 43 either either DT 33589 66 44 case case NN 33589 66 45 recalling recall VBG 33589 66 46 in in IN 33589 66 47 their -PRON- PRP$ 33589 66 48 general general JJ 33589 66 49 appearance appearance NN 33589 66 50 the the DT 33589 66 51 log log NN 33589 66 52 - - HYPH 33589 66 53 huts hut NNS 33589 66 54 of of IN 33589 66 55 prehistoric prehistoric JJ 33589 66 56 times time NNS 33589 66 57 . . . 33589 67 1 More more RBR 33589 67 2 ornate ornate JJ 33589 67 3 than than IN 33589 67 4 those those DT 33589 67 5 of of IN 33589 67 6 Lycia Lycia NNP 33589 67 7 , , , 33589 67 8 the the DT 33589 67 9 Phrygian phrygian JJ 33589 67 10 sepulchral sepulchral JJ 33589 67 11 monuments monument NNS 33589 67 12 , , , 33589 67 13 of of IN 33589 67 14 which which WDT 33589 67 15 the the DT 33589 67 16 grave grave NN 33589 67 17 of of IN 33589 67 18 Midas Midas NNP 33589 67 19 at at IN 33589 67 20 Doganlu Doganlu NNP 33589 67 21 is be VBZ 33589 67 22 the the DT 33589 67 23 finest fine JJS 33589 67 24 , , , 33589 67 25 are be VBP 33589 67 26 also also RB 33589 67 27 rock rock NN 33589 67 28 hewn hewn NNP 33589 67 29 , , , 33589 67 30 but but CC 33589 67 31 their -PRON- PRP$ 33589 67 32 shape shape NN 33589 67 33 and and CC 33589 67 34 decoration decoration NN 33589 67 35 are be VBP 33589 67 36 more more RBR 33589 67 37 suggestive suggestive JJ 33589 67 38 of of IN 33589 67 39 the the DT 33589 67 40 tent tent NN 33589 67 41 than than IN 33589 67 42 the the DT 33589 67 43 wooden wooden JJ 33589 67 44 dwelling dwelling NN 33589 67 45 , , , 33589 67 46 whilst whilst IN 33589 67 47 those those DT 33589 67 48 in in IN 33589 67 49 Lydia Lydia NNP 33589 67 50 are be VBP 33589 67 51 comparatively comparatively RB 33589 67 52 primitive primitive JJ 33589 67 53 , , , 33589 67 54 being be VBG 33589 67 55 in in IN 33589 67 56 some some DT 33589 67 57 cases case NNS 33589 67 58 , , , 33589 67 59 notably notably RB 33589 67 60 in in IN 33589 67 61 the the DT 33589 67 62 Tumulus Tumulus NNP 33589 67 63 of of IN 33589 67 64 Tantalus Tantalus NNP 33589 67 65 on on IN 33589 67 66 the the DT 33589 67 67 Gulf Gulf NNP 33589 67 68 of of IN 33589 67 69 Smyrna Smyrna NNP 33589 67 70 , , , 33589 67 71 mere mere JJ 33589 67 72 masses masse NNS 33589 67 73 of of IN 33589 67 74 stone stone NN 33589 67 75 heaped heap VBD 33589 67 76 up up RP 33589 67 77 above above IN 33589 67 78 a a DT 33589 67 79 huge huge JJ 33589 67 80 mound mound NN 33589 67 81 . . . 33589 68 1 [ [ -LRB- 33589 68 2 Illustration illustration NN 33589 68 3 : : : 33589 68 4 Restored Restored NNP 33589 68 5 Section Section NNP 33589 68 6 of of IN 33589 68 7 Hall Hall NNP 33589 68 8 of of IN 33589 68 9 Xerxes Xerxes NNP 33589 68 10 ] ] -RRB- 33589 68 11 [ [ -LRB- 33589 68 12 Illustration illustration NN 33589 68 13 : : : 33589 68 14 Capital Capital NNP 33589 68 15 of of IN 33589 68 16 Lât Lât NNP 33589 68 17 ] ] -RRB- 33589 68 18 The the DT 33589 68 19 most most RBS 33589 68 20 ancient ancient JJ 33589 68 21 examples example NNS 33589 68 22 of of IN 33589 68 23 Indian indian JJ 33589 68 24 architecture architecture NN 33589 68 25 are be VBP 33589 68 26 the the DT 33589 68 27 Stambhas Stambhas NNP 33589 68 28 or or CC 33589 68 29 Lâts Lâts NNP 33589 68 30 , , , 33589 68 31 the the DT 33589 68 32 earliest early JJS 33589 68 33 dating dating NN 33589 68 34 from from IN 33589 68 35 the the DT 33589 68 36 time time NN 33589 68 37 of of IN 33589 68 38 Asoka Asoka NNP 33589 68 39 ( ( -LRB- 33589 68 40 272 272 CD 33589 68 41 - - SYM 33589 68 42 236 236 CD 33589 68 43 B.C. B.C. NNS 33589 69 1 ) ) -RRB- 33589 69 2 , , , 33589 69 3 that that WDT 33589 69 4 are be VBP 33589 69 5 pillars pillar NNS 33589 69 6 bearing bear VBG 33589 69 7 inscriptions inscription NNS 33589 69 8 and and CC 33589 69 9 surmounted surmount VBN 33589 69 10 by by IN 33589 69 11 a a DT 33589 69 12 symbolic symbolic JJ 33589 69 13 animal animal NN 33589 69 14 such such JJ 33589 69 15 as as IN 33589 69 16 an an DT 33589 69 17 elephant elephant NN 33589 69 18 or or CC 33589 69 19 a a DT 33589 69 20 lion lion NN 33589 69 21 , , , 33589 69 22 of of IN 33589 69 23 which which WDT 33589 69 24 there there EX 33589 69 25 is be VBZ 33589 69 26 a a DT 33589 69 27 good good JJ 33589 69 28 specimen speciman NNS 33589 69 29 at at IN 33589 69 30 Allahabad Allahabad NNP 33589 69 31 , , , 33589 69 32 and and CC 33589 69 33 the the DT 33589 69 34 Stupas Stupas NNPS 33589 69 35 or or CC 33589 69 36 Topes Topes NNPS 33589 69 37 , , , 33589 69 38 mounds mound NNS 33589 69 39 encased encase VBN 33589 69 40 in in IN 33589 69 41 masonry masonry NN 33589 69 42 , , , 33589 69 43 crowned crown VBN 33589 69 44 by by IN 33589 69 45 a a DT 33589 69 46 reliquary reliquary NN 33589 69 47 containing contain VBG 33589 69 48 memorials memorial NNS 33589 69 49 of of IN 33589 69 50 Buddha Buddha NNP 33589 69 51 or or CC 33589 69 52 of of IN 33589 69 53 his -PRON- PRP$ 33589 69 54 chief chief JJ 33589 69 55 disciples disciple NNS 33589 69 56 , , , 33589 69 57 and and CC 33589 69 58 enclosed enclose VBD 33589 69 59 within within IN 33589 69 60 a a DT 33589 69 61 stone stone NN 33589 69 62 railing rail VBG 33589 69 63 elaborately elaborately RB 33589 69 64 carved carve VBN 33589 69 65 with with IN 33589 69 66 scenes scene NNS 33589 69 67 from from IN 33589 69 68 the the DT 33589 69 69 life life NN 33589 69 70 of of IN 33589 69 71 the the DT 33589 69 72 founder founder NN 33589 69 73 of of IN 33589 69 74 Buddhism Buddhism NNP 33589 69 75 , , , 33589 69 76 with with IN 33589 69 77 an an DT 33589 69 78 even even RB 33589 69 79 more more RBR 33589 69 80 ornate ornate JJ 33589 69 81 gateway gateway NN 33589 69 82 at at IN 33589 69 83 each each DT 33589 69 84 of of IN 33589 69 85 the the DT 33589 69 86 four four CD 33589 69 87 corners corner NNS 33589 69 88 , , , 33589 69 89 of of IN 33589 69 90 which which WDT 33589 69 91 the the DT 33589 69 92 finest fine JJS 33589 69 93 is be VBZ 33589 69 94 the the DT 33589 69 95 larger large JJR 33589 69 96 of of IN 33589 69 97 two two CD 33589 69 98 at at IN 33589 69 99 Sanchi Sanchi NNP 33589 69 100 in in IN 33589 69 101 Central Central NNP 33589 69 102 India India NNP 33589 69 103 . . . 33589 70 1 Even even RB 33589 70 2 more more RBR 33589 70 3 interesting interesting JJ 33589 70 4 than than IN 33589 70 5 the the DT 33589 70 6 Lâts Lâts NNP 33589 70 7 and and CC 33589 70 8 Stupas Stupas NNPS 33589 70 9 are be VBP 33589 70 10 the the DT 33589 70 11 Viharas Viharas NNP 33589 70 12 or or CC 33589 70 13 Buddhist Buddhist NNP 33589 70 14 monasteries monastery NNS 33589 70 15 , , , 33589 70 16 of of IN 33589 70 17 which which WDT 33589 70 18 there there EX 33589 70 19 is be VBZ 33589 70 20 a a DT 33589 70 21 specially specially RB 33589 70 22 good good JJ 33589 70 23 example example NN 33589 70 24 at at IN 33589 70 25 Nigope Nigope NNP 33589 70 26 near near IN 33589 70 27 Behar Behar NNP 33589 70 28 , , , 33589 70 29 and and CC 33589 70 30 the the DT 33589 70 31 Chaityas chaityas NN 33589 70 32 or or CC 33589 70 33 temples temple NNS 33589 70 34 , , , 33589 70 35 of of IN 33589 70 36 which which WDT 33589 70 37 those those DT 33589 70 38 at at IN 33589 70 39 Karli Karli NNP 33589 70 40 , , , 33589 70 41 Ellora Ellora NNP 33589 70 42 , , , 33589 70 43 Ajunta Ajunta NNP 33589 70 44 , , , 33589 70 45 and and CC 33589 70 46 Elephanta Elephanta NNP 33589 70 47 are be VBP 33589 70 48 amongst amongst IN 33589 70 49 the the DT 33589 70 50 finest fine JJS 33589 70 51 . . . 33589 71 1 All all DT 33589 71 2 alike alike RB 33589 71 3 hewn hew VBD 33589 71 4 out out IN 33589 71 5 of of IN 33589 71 6 the the DT 33589 71 7 living live VBG 33589 71 8 rock rock NN 33589 71 9 , , , 33589 71 10 the the DT 33589 71 11 former former JJ 33589 71 12 consist consist NN 33589 71 13 of of IN 33589 71 14 a a DT 33589 71 15 square square JJ 33589 71 16 central central JJ 33589 71 17 hall hall NN 33589 71 18 with with IN 33589 71 19 or or CC 33589 71 20 without without IN 33589 71 21 columns column NNS 33589 71 22 , , , 33589 71 23 surrounded surround VBN 33589 71 24 by by IN 33589 71 25 cells cell NNS 33589 71 26 for for IN 33589 71 27 the the DT 33589 71 28 monks monk NNS 33589 71 29 , , , 33589 71 30 whilst whilst IN 33589 71 31 the the DT 33589 71 32 latter latter JJ 33589 71 33 , , , 33589 71 34 of of IN 33589 71 35 more more RBR 33589 71 36 complicated complicated JJ 33589 71 37 design design NN 33589 71 38 , , , 33589 71 39 resemble resemble JJ 33589 71 40 in in IN 33589 71 41 general general JJ 33589 71 42 plan plan NN 33589 71 43 a a DT 33589 71 44 Roman roman JJ 33589 71 45 basilica basilica NN 33589 71 46 . . . 33589 72 1 A a DT 33589 72 2 wide wide JJ 33589 72 3 nave nave NN 33589 72 4 with with IN 33589 72 5 rows row NNS 33589 72 6 of of IN 33589 72 7 massive massive JJ 33589 72 8 pillars pillar NNS 33589 72 9 upholding uphold VBG 33589 72 10 a a DT 33589 72 11 slightly slightly RB 33589 72 12 domed dome VBN 33589 72 13 roof roof NN 33589 72 14 is be VBZ 33589 72 15 flanked flank VBN 33589 72 16 by by IN 33589 72 17 lateral lateral JJ 33589 72 18 aisles aisle NNS 33589 72 19 , , , 33589 72 20 and and CC 33589 72 21 at at IN 33589 72 22 the the DT 33589 72 23 eastern eastern JJ 33589 72 24 end end NN 33589 72 25 rises rise VBZ 33589 72 26 a a DT 33589 72 27 semicircular semicircular JJ 33589 72 28 sanctuary sanctuary NN 33589 72 29 containing contain VBG 33589 72 30 a a DT 33589 72 31 seated seated JJ 33589 72 32 figure figure NN 33589 72 33 of of IN 33589 72 34 Buddha Buddha NNP 33589 72 35 . . . 33589 73 1 [ [ -LRB- 33589 73 2 Illustration illustration NN 33589 73 3 : : : 33589 73 4 Section Section NNP 33589 73 5 of of IN 33589 73 6 Cave Cave NNP 33589 73 7 at at IN 33589 73 8 Karli Karli NNP 33589 73 9 ] ] -RRB- 33589 73 10 Out out IN 33589 73 11 of of IN 33589 73 12 the the DT 33589 73 13 Buddhist Buddhist NNP 33589 73 14 religion religion NN 33589 73 15 grew grow VBD 33589 73 16 that that DT 33589 73 17 known know VBN 33589 73 18 as as IN 33589 73 19 the the DT 33589 73 20 Jaina Jaina NNP 33589 73 21 , , , 33589 73 22 and and CC 33589 73 23 many many JJ 33589 73 24 fine fine JJ 33589 73 25 temples temple NNS 33589 73 26 , , , 33589 73 27 of of IN 33589 73 28 which which WDT 33589 73 29 the the DT 33589 73 30 most most RBS 33589 73 31 remarkable remarkable JJ 33589 73 32 are be VBP 33589 73 33 that that IN 33589 73 34 at at IN 33589 73 35 Sadri Sadri NNP 33589 73 36 and and CC 33589 73 37 the the DT 33589 73 38 Dilwana Dilwana NNP 33589 73 39 Temple Temple NNP 33589 73 40 on on IN 33589 73 41 Mount Mount NNP 33589 73 42 Abu Abu NNP 33589 73 43 , , , 33589 73 44 remain remain VBP 33589 73 45 that that WDT 33589 73 46 were be VBD 33589 73 47 erected erect VBN 33589 73 48 for for IN 33589 73 49 the the DT 33589 73 50 use use NN 33589 73 51 of of IN 33589 73 52 its -PRON- PRP$ 33589 73 53 professors professor NNS 33589 73 54 . . . 33589 74 1 It -PRON- PRP 33589 74 2 was be VBD 33589 74 3 usual usual JJ 33589 74 4 to to TO 33589 74 5 group group VB 33589 74 6 a a DT 33589 74 7 number number NN 33589 74 8 on on IN 33589 74 9 some some DT 33589 74 10 hill hill NN 33589 74 11 - - HYPH 33589 74 12 top top NN 33589 74 13 , , , 33589 74 14 and and CC 33589 74 15 the the DT 33589 74 16 plan plan NN 33589 74 17 of of IN 33589 74 18 each each DT 33589 74 19 was be VBD 33589 74 20 generally generally RB 33589 74 21 that that DT 33589 74 22 of of IN 33589 74 23 a a DT 33589 74 24 Greek greek JJ 33589 74 25 cross cross NN 33589 74 26 , , , 33589 74 27 a a DT 33589 74 28 columned 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33589 74 66 suggestive suggestive JJ 33589 74 67 of of IN 33589 74 68 a a DT 33589 74 69 spire spire NN 33589 74 70 , , , 33589 74 71 the the DT 33589 74 72 whole whole JJ 33589 74 73 both both CC 33589 74 74 inside inside IN 33589 74 75 and and CC 33589 74 76 out out IN 33589 74 77 being be VBG 33589 74 78 richly richly RB 33589 74 79 decorated decorate VBN 33589 74 80 with with IN 33589 74 81 carvings carving NNS 33589 74 82 . . . 33589 75 1 [ [ -LRB- 33589 75 2 Illustration illustration NN 33589 75 3 : : : 33589 75 4 View View NNP 33589 75 5 of of IN 33589 75 6 Temple Temple NNP 33589 75 7 at at IN 33589 75 8 Sadri Sadri NNP 33589 75 9 ] ] -RRB- 33589 75 10 Hindu Hindu NNP 33589 75 11 architecture architecture NN 33589 75 12 , , , 33589 75 13 or or CC 33589 75 14 that that DT 33589 75 15 of of IN 33589 75 16 those those DT 33589 75 17 who who WP 33589 75 18 hold hold VBP 33589 75 19 the the DT 33589 75 20 Brahmanic Brahmanic NNP 33589 75 21 faith faith NN 33589 75 22 , , , 33589 75 23 differs differ VBZ 33589 75 24 very very RB 33589 75 25 greatly greatly RB 33589 75 26 from from IN 33589 75 27 Buddhist Buddhist NNP 33589 75 28 , , , 33589 75 29 its -PRON- PRP$ 33589 75 30 chief chief JJ 33589 75 31 characteristic characteristic NN 33589 75 32 being be VBG 33589 75 33 a a DT 33589 75 34 lofty lofty JJ 33589 75 35 pyramidal pyramidal NN 33589 75 36 tower tower NN 33589 75 37 of of IN 33589 75 38 several several JJ 33589 75 39 stories story NNS 33589 75 40 , , , 33589 75 41 as as IN 33589 75 42 a a DT 33589 75 43 general general JJ 33589 75 44 rule rule NN 33589 75 45 covered cover VBN 33589 75 46 with with IN 33589 75 47 ornament ornament JJ 33589 75 48 , , , 33589 75 49 that that WDT 33589 75 50 reached reach VBD 33589 75 51 its -PRON- PRP$ 33589 75 52 fullest full JJS 33589 75 53 development development NN 33589 75 54 in in IN 33589 75 55 the the DT 33589 75 56 so so RB 33589 75 57 - - HYPH 33589 75 58 called call VBN 33589 75 59 pagodas pagodas NN 33589 75 60 , , , 33589 75 61 of of IN 33589 75 62 which which WDT 33589 75 63 there there EX 33589 75 64 are be VBP 33589 75 65 fine fine JJ 33589 75 66 specimens specimen NNS 33589 75 67 at at IN 33589 75 68 Jaggernaut Jaggernaut NNP 33589 75 69 , , , 33589 75 70 Mahavellipore Mahavellipore NNP 33589 75 71 , , , 33589 75 72 and and CC 33589 75 73 Palitana Palitana NNP 33589 75 74 . . . 33589 76 1 In in IN 33589 76 2 different different JJ 33589 76 3 parts part NNS 33589 76 4 of of IN 33589 76 5 India India NNP 33589 76 6 various various JJ 33589 76 7 modifications modification NNS 33589 76 8 of of IN 33589 76 9 this this DT 33589 76 10 general general JJ 33589 76 11 style style NN 33589 76 12 occur occur VBP 33589 76 13 to to TO 33589 76 14 which which WDT 33589 76 15 distinctive distinctive JJ 33589 76 16 names name NNS 33589 76 17 have have VBP 33589 76 18 been be VBN 33589 76 19 given give VBN 33589 76 20 , , , 33589 76 21 but but CC 33589 76 22 the the DT 33589 76 23 same same JJ 33589 76 24 spirit spirit NN 33589 76 25 may may MD 33589 76 26 be be VB 33589 76 27 said say VBN 33589 76 28 to to TO 33589 76 29 pervade pervade VB 33589 76 30 them -PRON- PRP 33589 76 31 all all DT 33589 76 32 , , , 33589 76 33 from from IN 33589 76 34 the the DT 33589 76 35 great great JJ 33589 76 36 Temples temple NNS 33589 76 37 of of IN 33589 76 38 Bhuvaneswar Bhuvaneswar NNP 33589 76 39 , , , 33589 76 40 Tanjore Tanjore NNP 33589 76 41 , , , 33589 76 42 Bundaban Bundaban NNP 33589 76 43 , , , 33589 76 44 and and CC 33589 76 45 elsewhere elsewhere RB 33589 76 46 , , , 33589 76 47 to to IN 33589 76 48 the the DT 33589 76 49 humbler humbler NN 33589 76 50 shrines shrine NNS 33589 76 51 scattered scatter VBN 33589 76 52 throughout throughout IN 33589 76 53 the the DT 33589 76 54 length length NN 33589 76 55 and and CC 33589 76 56 breadth breadth NN 33589 76 57 of of IN 33589 76 58 the the DT 33589 76 59 vast vast JJ 33589 76 60 continent continent NN 33589 76 61 and and CC 33589 76 62 of of IN 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NNS 33589 84 28 , , , 33589 84 29 all all DT 33589 84 30 their -PRON- PRP$ 33589 84 31 distinctive distinctive JJ 33589 84 32 features feature NNS 33589 84 33 having have VBG 33589 84 34 been be VBN 33589 84 35 either either CC 33589 84 36 copied copy VBN 33589 84 37 or or CC 33589 84 38 modified modify VBN 33589 84 39 in in IN 33589 84 40 those those DT 33589 84 41 of of IN 33589 84 42 the the DT 33589 84 43 rest rest NN 33589 84 44 of of IN 33589 84 45 Europe Europe NNP 33589 84 46 . . . 33589 85 1 [ [ -LRB- 33589 85 2 Illustration illustration NN 33589 85 3 : : : 33589 85 4 Plan plan NN 33589 85 5 of of IN 33589 85 6 Greek Greek NNP 33589 85 7 Temple Temple NNP 33589 85 8 ] ] -RRB- 33589 85 9 The the DT 33589 85 10 Greeks Greeks NNPS 33589 85 11 , , , 33589 85 12 though though IN 33589 85 13 they -PRON- PRP 33589 85 14 were be VBD 33589 85 15 doubtless doubtless RB 33589 85 16 acquainted acquaint VBN 33589 85 17 with with IN 33589 85 18 the the DT 33589 85 19 arch arch NN 33589 85 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33589 87 18 remains remain NNS 33589 87 19 of of IN 33589 87 20 a a DT 33589 87 21 many many JJ 33589 87 22 - - HYPH 33589 87 23 roomed roomed JJ 33589 87 24 palace palace NN 33589 87 25 , , , 33589 87 26 and and CC 33589 87 27 elsewhere elsewhere RB 33589 87 28 in in IN 33589 87 29 the the DT 33589 87 30 same same JJ 33589 87 31 island island NN 33589 87 32 of of IN 33589 87 33 circular circular JJ 33589 87 34 stone stone NN 33589 87 35 tombs tomb NNS 33589 87 36 , , , 33589 87 37 all all DT 33589 87 38 of of IN 33589 87 39 which which WDT 33589 87 40 betray betray VBP 33589 87 41 strong strong JJ 33589 87 42 Oriental oriental JJ 33589 87 43 influence influence NN 33589 87 44 , , , 33589 87 45 confirm confirm VB 33589 87 46 the the DT 33589 87 47 opinion opinion NN 33589 87 48 of of IN 33589 87 49 archæologists archæologist NNS 33589 87 50 that that IN 33589 87 51 it -PRON- PRP 33589 87 52 was be VBD 33589 87 53 in in IN 33589 87 54 the the DT 33589 87 55 islands island NNS 33589 87 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33589 88 61 justly justly RB 33589 88 62 be be VB 33589 88 63 said say VBN 33589 88 64 to to TO 33589 88 65 presage presage VB 33589 88 66 the the DT 33589 88 67 triumphs triumph NNS 33589 88 68 of of IN 33589 88 69 the the DT 33589 88 70 Golden Golden NNP 33589 88 71 Age Age NNP 33589 88 72 . . . 33589 89 1 [ [ -LRB- 33589 89 2 Illustration illustration NN 33589 89 3 : : : 33589 89 4 Column column NN 33589 89 5 from from IN 33589 89 6 the the DT 33589 89 7 Parthenon Parthenon NNP 33589 89 8 ] ] -RRB- 33589 89 9 From from IN 33589 89 10 first first RB 33589 89 11 to to IN 33589 89 12 last last JJ 33589 89 13 Hellenic Hellenic NNP 33589 89 14 architecture architecture NN 33589 89 15 was be VBD 33589 89 16 characterised characterise VBN 33589 89 17 by by IN 33589 89 18 unity unity NN 33589 89 19 of of IN 33589 89 20 purpose purpose NN 33589 89 21 , , , 33589 89 22 its -PRON- PRP$ 33589 89 23 grandest grand JJS 33589 89 24 forms form NNS 33589 89 25 being be VBG 33589 89 26 essentially 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63 this this DT 33589 89 64 day day NN 33589 89 65 remain remain VBP 33589 89 66 absolutely absolutely RB 33589 89 67 unrivalled unrivalled JJ 33589 89 68 in in IN 33589 89 69 their -PRON- PRP$ 33589 89 70 exquisite exquisite JJ 33589 89 71 beauty beauty NN 33589 89 72 of of IN 33589 89 73 proportion proportion NN 33589 89 74 and and CC 33589 89 75 the the DT 33589 89 76 close close JJ 33589 89 77 correlation correlation NN 33589 89 78 of of IN 33589 89 79 every every DT 33589 89 80 detail detail NN 33589 89 81 with with IN 33589 89 82 each each DT 33589 89 83 other other JJ 33589 89 84 and and CC 33589 89 85 the the DT 33589 89 86 whole whole NN 33589 89 87 . . . 33589 90 1 [ [ -LRB- 33589 90 2 Illustration illustration NN 33589 90 3 : : : 33589 90 4 Portion portion NN 33589 90 5 of of IN 33589 90 6 a a DT 33589 90 7 Doric Doric NNP 33589 90 8 Entablature Entablature NNP 33589 90 9 ] ] -RRB- 33589 90 10 The the DT 33589 90 11 grand grand JJ 33589 90 12 temples temple NNS 33589 90 13 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Illustration illustration NN 33589 100 12 : : : 33589 100 13 Portion portion NN 33589 100 14 of of IN 33589 100 15 Frieze Frieze NNP 33589 100 16 of of IN 33589 100 17 Parthenon Parthenon NNP 33589 100 18 ] ] -RRB- 33589 100 19 [ [ -LRB- 33589 100 20 Illustration illustration NN 33589 100 21 : : : 33589 100 22 Ionic Ionic NNP 33589 100 23 Capital Capital NNP 33589 100 24 ] ] -RRB- 33589 100 25 The the DT 33589 100 26 Ionic ionic JJ 33589 100 27 and and CC 33589 100 28 Corinthian corinthian JJ 33589 100 29 orders order NNS 33589 100 30 are be VBP 33589 100 31 alike alike RB 33589 100 32 characterised characterise VBN 33589 100 33 by by IN 33589 100 34 lightness lightness NN 33589 100 35 and and CC 33589 100 36 grace grace NN 33589 100 37 rather rather RB 33589 100 38 than than IN 33589 100 39 massiveness massiveness JJ 33589 100 40 and and CC 33589 100 41 simplicity simplicity NN 33589 100 42 . . . 33589 101 1 In in IN 33589 101 2 both both DT 33589 101 3 , , , 33589 101 4 the the DT 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portion NN 33589 102 30 between between IN 33589 102 31 the the DT 33589 102 32 volutes volute NNS 33589 102 33 is be VBZ 33589 102 34 surmounted surmount VBN 33589 102 35 by by IN 33589 102 36 finely finely RB 33589 102 37 carved carve VBN 33589 102 38 leaf leaf NN 33589 102 39 mouldings moulding NNS 33589 102 40 . . . 33589 103 1 The the DT 33589 103 2 Corinthian corinthian JJ 33589 103 3 order order NN 33589 103 4 is be VBZ 33589 103 5 specially specially RB 33589 103 6 distinguished distinguish VBN 33589 103 7 by by IN 33589 103 8 the the DT 33589 103 9 ornate ornate JJ 33589 103 10 decoration decoration NN 33589 103 11 of of IN 33589 103 12 the the DT 33589 103 13 capitals capital NNS 33589 103 14 , , , 33589 103 15 that that WDT 33589 103 16 represent represent VBP 33589 103 17 calices calix NNS 33589 103 18 of of IN 33589 103 19 flowers flower NNS 33589 103 20 and and CC 33589 103 21 leaves leave NNS 33589 103 22 , , , 33589 103 23 chiefly chiefly RB 33589 103 24 those those DT 33589 103 25 of of IN 33589 103 26 the the DT 33589 103 27 acanthus acanthus NNP 33589 103 28 , , , 33589 103 29 arranged arrange VBD 33589 103 30 so so IN 33589 103 31 as as IN 33589 103 32 to to TO 33589 103 33 point point VB 33589 103 34 upwards upward NNS 33589 103 35 and and CC 33589 103 36 curve curve NN 33589 103 37 outwards outward NNS 33589 103 38 in in IN 33589 103 39 much much RB 33589 103 40 the the DT 33589 103 41 same same JJ 33589 103 42 style style NN 33589 103 43 as as IN 33589 103 44 they -PRON- PRP 33589 103 45 do do VBP 33589 103 46 in in IN 33589 103 47 nature nature NN 33589 103 48 . . . 33589 104 1 The the DT 33589 104 2 architrave architrave NN 33589 104 3 in in IN 33589 104 4 both both PDT 33589 104 5 the the DT 33589 104 6 Ionic Ionic NNP 33589 104 7 and and CC 33589 104 8 the the DT 33589 104 9 Corinthian corinthian JJ 33589 104 10 orders order NNS 33589 104 11 consists consist VBZ 33589 104 12 of of IN 33589 104 13 plain plain JJ 33589 104 14 slabs slab NNS 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105 70 pediment pediment NN 33589 105 71 in in IN 33589 105 72 which which WDT 33589 105 73 are be VBP 33589 105 74 primitive primitive JJ 33589 105 75 sculptures sculpture NNS 33589 105 76 of of IN 33589 105 77 a a DT 33589 105 78 gorgon gorgon NN 33589 105 79 flanked flank VBN 33589 105 80 by by IN 33589 105 81 lions lion NNS 33589 105 82 . . . 33589 106 1 Of of IN 33589 106 2 somewhat somewhat RB 33589 106 3 later later JJ 33589 106 4 date date NN 33589 106 5 are be VBP 33589 106 6 the the DT 33589 106 7 ruined ruin VBN 33589 106 8 temples temple NNS 33589 106 9 at at IN 33589 106 10 Girgenti Girgenti NNP 33589 106 11 , , , 33589 106 12 Syracuse Syracuse NNP 33589 106 13 , , , 33589 106 14 and and CC 33589 106 15 Segesta Segesta NNP 33589 106 16 , , , 33589 106 17 all all DT 33589 106 18 in in IN 33589 106 19 Sicily Sicily NNP 33589 106 20 , , , 33589 106 21 the the DT 33589 106 22 last last JJ 33589 106 23 the the DT 33589 106 24 best good JJS 33589 106 25 preserved preserve VBN 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33589 107 5 in in IN 33589 107 6 the the DT 33589 107 7 island island NN 33589 107 8 of of IN 33589 107 9 Ægina Ægina NNP 33589 107 10 marks mark VBZ 33589 107 11 the the DT 33589 107 12 transition transition NN 33589 107 13 from from IN 33589 107 14 the the DT 33589 107 15 extreme extreme JJ 33589 107 16 severity severity NN 33589 107 17 of of IN 33589 107 18 early early JJ 33589 107 19 Doric Doric NNP 33589 107 20 to to IN 33589 107 21 the the DT 33589 107 22 more more RBR 33589 107 23 ornate ornate JJ 33589 107 24 buildings building NNS 33589 107 25 of of IN 33589 107 26 the the DT 33589 107 27 Golden Golden NNP 33589 107 28 Age Age NNP 33589 107 29 of of IN 33589 107 30 Greek greek JJ 33589 107 31 architecture architecture NN 33589 107 32 , , , 33589 107 33 its -PRON- PRP$ 33589 107 34 decorative decorative JJ 33589 107 35 sculptures sculpture NNS 33589 107 36 being be VBG 33589 107 37 of of IN 33589 107 38 exquisite exquisite JJ 33589 107 39 design design NN 33589 107 40 and and 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110 14 Parthenon Parthenon NNP 33589 110 15 , , , 33589 110 16 or or CC 33589 110 17 Temple Temple NNP 33589 110 18 of of IN 33589 110 19 the the DT 33589 110 20 Virgin Virgin NNP 33589 110 21 Goddess Goddess NNP 33589 110 22 of of IN 33589 110 23 Wisdom Wisdom NNP 33589 110 24 , , , 33589 110 25 at at IN 33589 110 26 Athens Athens NNP 33589 110 27 , , , 33589 110 28 that that IN 33589 110 29 the the DT 33589 110 30 Doric doric JJ 33589 110 31 style style NN 33589 110 32 found find VBD 33589 110 33 its -PRON- PRP$ 33589 110 34 highest high JJS 33589 110 35 expression expression NN 33589 110 36 , , , 33589 110 37 for for IN 33589 110 38 in in IN 33589 110 39 it -PRON- PRP 33589 110 40 were be VBD 33589 110 41 combined combine VBN 33589 110 42 the the DT 33589 110 43 massive massive JJ 33589 110 44 grandeur grandeur NN 33589 110 45 of of IN 33589 110 46 the the DT 33589 110 47 archaic archaic JJ 33589 110 48 period period NN 33589 110 49 with with IN 33589 110 50 the the DT 33589 110 51 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111 21 destroyed destroy VBN 33589 111 22 by by IN 33589 111 23 Xerxes Xerxes NNP 33589 111 24 , , , 33589 111 25 and and CC 33589 111 26 it -PRON- PRP 33589 111 27 rises rise VBZ 33589 111 28 from from IN 33589 111 29 the the DT 33589 111 30 summit summit NN 33589 111 31 of of IN 33589 111 32 the the DT 33589 111 33 lofty lofty JJ 33589 111 34 rock rock NN 33589 111 35 of of IN 33589 111 36 the the DT 33589 111 37 Acropolis Acropolis NNP 33589 111 38 that that WDT 33589 111 39 dominated dominate VBD 33589 111 40 the the DT 33589 111 41 ancient ancient JJ 33589 111 42 city city NN 33589 111 43 . . . 33589 112 1 It -PRON- PRP 33589 112 2 was be VBD 33589 112 3 built build VBN 33589 112 4 , , , 33589 112 5 it -PRON- PRP 33589 112 6 is be VBZ 33589 112 7 supposed suppose VBN 33589 112 8 , , , 33589 112 9 by by IN 33589 112 10 the the DT 33589 112 11 famous famous JJ 33589 112 12 architects architect NNS 33589 112 13 Ictinus Ictinus NNP 33589 112 14 and and CC 33589 112 15 Callicrates 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112 56 , , , 33589 112 57 they -PRON- PRP 33589 112 58 still still RB 33589 112 59 rank rank VBP 33589 112 60 amongst amongst IN 33589 112 61 the the DT 33589 112 62 greatest great JJS 33589 112 63 masterpieces masterpiece NNS 33589 112 64 of of IN 33589 112 65 plastic plastic JJ 33589 112 66 art art NN 33589 112 67 . . . 33589 113 1 Before before IN 33589 113 2 the the DT 33589 113 3 Parthenon Parthenon NNP 33589 113 4 , , , 33589 113 5 after after IN 33589 113 6 being be VBG 33589 113 7 long long RB 33589 113 8 used use VBN 33589 113 9 as as IN 33589 113 10 a a DT 33589 113 11 Christian christian JJ 33589 113 12 church church NN 33589 113 13 , , , 33589 113 14 was be VBD 33589 113 15 reduced reduce VBN 33589 113 16 to to IN 33589 113 17 ruins ruin NNS 33589 113 18 by by IN 33589 113 19 the the DT 33589 113 20 explosion explosion NN 33589 113 21 of of IN 33589 113 22 a a DT 33589 113 23 shell shell NN 33589 113 24 , , , 33589 113 25 when when WRB 33589 113 26 in in IN 33589 113 27 1687 1687 CD 33589 113 28 it -PRON- PRP 33589 113 29 was be VBD 33589 113 30 desecrated desecrate VBN 33589 113 31 by by IN 33589 113 32 being be VBG 33589 113 33 converted convert VBN 33589 113 34 into into IN 33589 113 35 a a DT 33589 113 36 powder powder NN 33589 113 37 magazine magazine NN 33589 113 38 by by IN 33589 113 39 the the DT 33589 113 40 Turks Turks NNPS 33589 113 41 during during IN 33589 113 42 their -PRON- PRP$ 33589 113 43 struggle struggle NN 33589 113 44 with with IN 33589 113 45 the the DT 33589 113 46 Venetians Venetians NNPS 33589 113 47 , , , 33589 113 48 it -PRON- PRP 33589 113 49 must must MD 33589 113 50 have have VB 33589 113 51 been be VBN 33589 113 52 one one CD 33589 113 53 of of IN 33589 113 54 the the DT 33589 113 55 very very RB 33589 113 56 noblest noble JJS 33589 113 57 buildings building NNS 33589 113 58 in in IN 33589 113 59 the the DT 33589 113 60 world world NN 33589 113 61 , , , 33589 113 62 forming form VBG 33589 113 63 with with IN 33589 113 64 other other JJ 33589 113 65 sanctuaries sanctuary NNS 33589 113 66 and and CC 33589 113 67 secular secular JJ 33589 113 68 buildings building NNS 33589 113 69 on on IN 33589 113 70 the the DT 33589 113 71 world world NN 33589 113 72 - - HYPH 33589 113 73 famous famous JJ 33589 113 74 hill hill NN 33589 113 75 a a DT 33589 113 76 spectacle spectacle NN 33589 113 77 of of IN 33589 113 78 surpassing surpass VBG 33589 113 79 grandeur grandeur NN 33589 113 80 , , , 33589 113 81 the the DT 33589 113 82 pride pride NN 33589 113 83 and and CC 33589 113 84 glory glory NN 33589 113 85 of of IN 33589 113 86 the the DT 33589 113 87 whole whole JJ 33589 113 88 Greek greek JJ 33589 113 89 world world NN 33589 113 90 . . . 33589 114 1 [ [ -LRB- 33589 114 2 Illustration illustration NN 33589 114 3 : : : 33589 114 4 Acanthus Acanthus NNP 33589 114 5 Ornament Ornament NNP 33589 114 6 ] ] -RRB- 33589 114 7 [ [ -LRB- 33589 114 8 Illustration illustration NN 33589 114 9 : : : 33589 114 10 Corinthian Corinthian NNP 33589 114 11 Capital Capital NNP 33589 114 12 ] ] -RRB- 33589 114 13 The the DT 33589 114 14 Parthenon Parthenon NNP 33589 114 15 was be VBD 33589 114 16 228 228 CD 33589 114 17 feet foot NNS 33589 114 18 long long JJ 33589 114 19 by by IN 33589 114 20 101 101 CD 33589 114 21 broad broad JJ 33589 114 22 , , , 33589 114 23 and and CC 33589 114 24 64 64 CD 33589 114 25 feet foot NNS 33589 114 26 high high JJ 33589 114 27 ; ; : 33589 114 28 the the DT 33589 114 29 porticoes portico NNS 33589 114 30 at at IN 33589 114 31 each each DT 33589 114 32 end end NN 33589 114 33 had have VBD 33589 114 34 a a DT 33589 114 35 double double JJ 33589 114 36 row row NN 33589 114 37 of of IN 33589 114 38 eight eight CD 33589 114 39 columns column NNS 33589 114 40 ; ; : 33589 114 41 the the DT 33589 114 42 sculptures sculpture NNS 33589 114 43 in in IN 33589 114 44 the the DT 33589 114 45 pediments pediment NNS 33589 114 46 were be VBD 33589 114 47 in in IN 33589 114 48 full full JJ 33589 114 49 relief relief NN 33589 114 50 , , , 33589 114 51 representing represent VBG 33589 114 52 in in IN 33589 114 53 the the DT 33589 114 54 eastern eastern JJ 33589 114 55 the the DT 33589 114 56 Birth Birth NNP 33589 114 57 of of IN 33589 114 58 Athene Athene NNP 33589 114 59 , , , 33589 114 60 and and CC 33589 114 61 in in IN 33589 114 62 the the DT 33589 114 63 western western JJ 33589 114 64 the the DT 33589 114 65 Struggle Struggle NNP 33589 114 66 between between IN 33589 114 67 that that DT 33589 114 68 goddess goddess NN 33589 114 69 and and CC 33589 114 70 Poseidon Poseidon NNP 33589 114 71 , , , 33589 114 72 whilst whilst IN 33589 114 73 those those DT 33589 114 74 on on IN 33589 114 75 the the DT 33589 114 76 metopes metope NNS 33589 114 77 , , , 33589 114 78 some some DT 33589 114 79 of of IN 33589 114 80 which which WDT 33589 114 81 are be VBP 33589 114 82 supposed suppose VBN 33589 114 83 to to TO 33589 114 84 be be VB 33589 114 85 from from IN 33589 114 86 the the DT 33589 114 87 hand hand NN 33589 114 88 of of IN 33589 114 89 Alcamenes Alcamenes NNPS 33589 114 90 , , , 33589 114 91 the the DT 33589 114 92 contemporary contemporary JJ 33589 114 93 and and CC 33589 114 94 rival rival NN 33589 114 95 of of IN 33589 114 96 Phidias Phidias NNP 33589 114 97 , , , 33589 114 98 rendered render VBN 33589 114 99 scenes scene NNS 33589 114 100 from from IN 33589 114 101 battles battle NNS 33589 114 102 between between IN 33589 114 103 the the DT 33589 114 104 Gods Gods NNPS 33589 114 105 and and CC 33589 114 106 Giants Giants NNPS 33589 114 107 , , , 33589 114 108 the the DT 33589 114 109 Greeks Greeks NNPS 33589 114 110 and and CC 33589 114 111 the the DT 33589 114 112 Amazons Amazons NNPS 33589 114 113 , , , 33589 114 114 and and CC 33589 114 115 the the DT 33589 114 116 Centaurs Centaurs NNPS 33589 114 117 and and CC 33589 114 118 Lapithæ Lapithæ NNP 33589 114 119 . . . 33589 115 1 Of of IN 33589 115 2 somewhat somewhat RB 33589 115 3 later later JJ 33589 115 4 date date NN 33589 115 5 than than IN 33589 115 6 the the DT 33589 115 7 Parthenon Parthenon NNP 33589 115 8 and and CC 33589 115 9 resembling resemble VBG 33589 115 10 it -PRON- PRP 33589 115 11 in in IN 33589 115 12 general general JJ 33589 115 13 style style NN 33589 115 14 , , , 33589 115 15 though though IN 33589 115 16 it -PRON- PRP 33589 115 17 is be VBZ 33589 115 18 very very RB 33589 115 19 considerably considerably RB 33589 115 20 smaller small JJR 33589 115 21 , , , 33589 115 22 is be VBZ 33589 115 23 the the DT 33589 115 24 Theseum Theseum NNP 33589 115 25 or or CC 33589 115 26 Temple Temple NNP 33589 115 27 of of IN 33589 115 28 Theseus Theseus NNP 33589 115 29 on on IN 33589 115 30 the the DT 33589 115 31 plain plain NN 33589 115 32 on on IN 33589 115 33 the the DT 33589 115 34 north north NN 33589 115 35 - - HYPH 33589 115 36 west west NN 33589 115 37 of of IN 33589 115 38 the the DT 33589 115 39 Acropolis Acropolis NNPS 33589 115 40 , , , 33589 115 41 and and CC 33589 115 42 at at IN 33589 115 43 Bassæ Bassæ NNP 33589 115 44 in in IN 33589 115 45 Arcadia Arcadia NNP 33589 115 46 is be VBZ 33589 115 47 a a DT 33589 115 48 Doric doric JJ 33589 115 49 building building NN 33589 115 50 , , , 33589 115 51 dedicated dedicated JJ 33589 115 52 to to IN 33589 115 53 Apollo Apollo NNP 33589 115 54 Epicurius Epicurius NNP 33589 115 55 and and CC 33589 115 56 designed design VBN 33589 115 57 by by IN 33589 115 58 Ictinus Ictinus NNP 33589 115 59 , , , 33589 115 60 that that DT 33589 115 61 has have VBZ 33589 115 62 the the DT 33589 115 63 peculiarity peculiarity NN 33589 115 64 of of IN 33589 115 65 facing face VBG 33589 115 66 north north NN 33589 115 67 and and CC 33589 115 68 south south NN 33589 115 69 instead instead RB 33589 115 70 of of IN 33589 115 71 , , , 33589 115 72 as as IN 33589 115 73 was be VBD 33589 115 74 usual usual JJ 33589 115 75 , , , 33589 115 76 east east NNP 33589 115 77 and and CC 33589 115 78 west west NNP 33589 115 79 . . . 33589 116 1 Scarcely scarcely RB 33589 116 2 less less RBR 33589 116 3 beautiful beautiful JJ 33589 116 4 than than IN 33589 116 5 the the DT 33589 116 6 Parthenon Parthenon NNP 33589 116 7 itself -PRON- PRP 33589 116 8 is be VBZ 33589 116 9 the the DT 33589 116 10 grand grand JJ 33589 116 11 triple triple JJ 33589 116 12 portico portico NN 33589 116 13 known know VBN 33589 116 14 as as IN 33589 116 15 the the DT 33589 116 16 Propylæa Propylæa NNP 33589 116 17 that that WDT 33589 116 18 gives give VBZ 33589 116 19 access access NN 33589 116 20 to to IN 33589 116 21 it -PRON- PRP 33589 116 22 on on IN 33589 116 23 the the DT 33589 116 24 western western JJ 33589 116 25 side side NN 33589 116 26 . . . 33589 117 1 It -PRON- PRP 33589 117 2 was be VBD 33589 117 3 designed design VBN 33589 117 4 about about IN 33589 117 5 430 430 CD 33589 117 6 by by IN 33589 117 7 Mnesicles Mnesicles NNP 33589 117 8 , , , 33589 117 9 and and CC 33589 117 10 in in IN 33589 117 11 it -PRON- PRP 33589 117 12 the the DT 33589 117 13 Doric doric JJ 33589 117 14 and and CC 33589 117 15 Ionic ionic JJ 33589 117 16 styles style NNS 33589 117 17 are be VBP 33589 117 18 admirably admirably RB 33589 117 19 combined combine VBN 33589 117 20 , , , 33589 117 21 whilst whilst IN 33589 117 22 in in IN 33589 117 23 the the DT 33589 117 24 Erectheum Erectheum NNP 33589 117 25 , , , 33589 117 26 sacred sacred JJ 33589 117 27 to to IN 33589 117 28 the the DT 33589 117 29 memory memory NN 33589 117 30 of of IN 33589 117 31 Erechtheus Erechtheus NNP 33589 117 32 , , , 33589 117 33 a a DT 33589 117 34 hero hero NN 33589 117 35 of of IN 33589 117 36 Attica Attica NNP 33589 117 37 , , , 33589 117 38 the the DT 33589 117 39 Ionic ionic JJ 33589 117 40 order order NN 33589 117 41 is be VBZ 33589 117 42 seen see VBN 33589 117 43 at at IN 33589 117 44 its -PRON- PRP$ 33589 117 45 best good JJS 33589 117 46 , , , 33589 117 47 so so CC 33589 117 48 delicate delicate JJ 33589 117 49 is be VBZ 33589 117 50 the the DT 33589 117 51 carving carving NN 33589 117 52 of of IN 33589 117 53 the the DT 33589 117 54 capitals capital NNS 33589 117 55 of of IN 33589 117 56 its -PRON- PRP$ 33589 117 57 columns column NNS 33589 117 58 . . . 33589 118 1 It -PRON- PRP 33589 118 2 has have VBZ 33589 118 3 moreover moreover RB 33589 118 4 the the DT 33589 118 5 rare rare JJ 33589 118 6 and and CC 33589 118 7 distinctive distinctive JJ 33589 118 8 feature feature NN 33589 118 9 of of IN 33589 118 10 what what WP 33589 118 11 is be VBZ 33589 118 12 known know VBN 33589 118 13 as as IN 33589 118 14 a a DT 33589 118 15 caryatid caryatid JJ 33589 118 16 porch porch NN 33589 118 17 , , , 33589 118 18 that that DT 33589 118 19 is be VBZ 33589 118 20 to to TO 33589 118 21 say say VB 33589 118 22 , , , 33589 118 23 one one CD 33589 118 24 in in IN 33589 118 25 which which WDT 33589 118 26 the the DT 33589 118 27 entablature entablature NN 33589 118 28 is be VBZ 33589 118 29 upheld uphold VBN 33589 118 30 by by IN 33589 118 31 caryatides caryatide NNS 33589 118 32 or or CC 33589 118 33 statues statue NNS 33589 118 34 representing represent VBG 33589 118 35 female female JJ 33589 118 36 figures figure NNS 33589 118 37 . . . 33589 119 1 Other other JJ 33589 119 2 good good JJ 33589 119 3 examples example NNS 33589 119 4 of of IN 33589 119 5 the the DT 33589 119 6 Ionic ionic JJ 33589 119 7 style style NN 33589 119 8 are be VBP 33589 119 9 the the DT 33589 119 10 small small JJ 33589 119 11 Temple Temple NNP 33589 119 12 of of IN 33589 119 13 Niké Niké NNP 33589 119 14 Apteros Apteros NNP 33589 119 15 , , , 33589 119 16 or or CC 33589 119 17 the the DT 33589 119 18 Wingless Wingless NNP 33589 119 19 Victory Victory NNP 33589 119 20 , , , 33589 119 21 situated situate VBN 33589 119 22 not not RB 33589 119 23 far far RB 33589 119 24 from from IN 33589 119 25 the the DT 33589 119 26 Propylæa Propylæa NNP 33589 119 27 and and CC 33589 119 28 the the DT 33589 119 29 Parthenon Parthenon NNP 33589 119 30 of of IN 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NN 33589 119 68 _ _ NNP 33589 119 69 . . . 33589 120 1 Of of IN 33589 120 2 the the DT 33589 120 3 sacred sacred JJ 33589 120 4 buildings building NNS 33589 120 5 of of IN 33589 120 6 Greece Greece NNP 33589 120 7 in in IN 33589 120 8 which which WDT 33589 120 9 the the DT 33589 120 10 Corinthian corinthian JJ 33589 120 11 order order NN 33589 120 12 was be VBD 33589 120 13 employed employ VBN 33589 120 14 there there EX 33589 120 15 exist exist VB 33589 120 16 , , , 33589 120 17 with with IN 33589 120 18 the the DT 33589 120 19 exception exception NN 33589 120 20 of of IN 33589 120 21 the the DT 33589 120 22 Temple Temple NNP 33589 120 23 of of IN 33589 120 24 Jupiter Jupiter NNP 33589 120 25 at at IN 33589 120 26 Athens Athens NNP 33589 120 27 already already RB 33589 120 28 referred refer VBN 33589 120 29 to to IN 33589 120 30 , , , 33589 120 31 but but CC 33589 120 32 a a DT 33589 120 33 few few JJ 33589 120 34 scattered scatter VBN 33589 120 35 remains remain NNS 33589 120 36 , , 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NNP 33589 122 1 to to TO 33589 122 2 commemorate commemorate VB 33589 122 3 the the DT 33589 122 4 triumph triumph NN 33589 122 5 of of IN 33589 122 6 that that DT 33589 122 7 hero hero NN 33589 122 8 's 's POS 33589 122 9 troop troop NN 33589 122 10 in in IN 33589 122 11 the the DT 33589 122 12 choric choric JJ 33589 122 13 dances dance NNS 33589 122 14 in in IN 33589 122 15 honour honour NN 33589 122 16 of of IN 33589 122 17 Dionysos Dionysos NNP 33589 122 18 , , , 33589 122 19 and and CC 33589 122 20 the the DT 33589 122 21 Tower Tower NNP 33589 122 22 of of IN 33589 122 23 the the DT 33589 122 24 Winds Winds NNPS 33589 122 25 , , , 33589 122 26 both both CC 33589 122 27 at at IN 33589 122 28 Athens Athens NNP 33589 122 29 , , , 33589 122 30 the the DT 33589 122 31 Corinthian corinthian JJ 33589 122 32 style style NN 33589 122 33 is be VBZ 33589 122 34 seen see VBN 33589 122 35 at at IN 33589 122 36 its -PRON- PRP$ 33589 122 37 best good JJS 33589 122 38 . . . 33589 123 1 [ [ -LRB- 33589 123 2 Illustration illustration NN 33589 123 3 : : : 33589 123 4 Corinthian Corinthian NNP 33589 123 5 Column Column NNP 33589 123 6 from from IN 33589 123 7 Monument Monument NNP 33589 123 8 of of IN 33589 123 9 Lysicrates Lysicrates NNPS 33589 123 10 ] ] -RRB- 33589 123 11 In in IN 33589 123 12 addition addition NN 33589 123 13 to to IN 33589 123 14 the the DT 33589 123 15 temples temple NNS 33589 123 16 described describe VBN 33589 123 17 above above RB 33589 123 18 , , , 33589 123 19 some some DT 33589 123 20 remains remain NNS 33589 123 21 of of IN 33589 123 22 tombs tomb NNS 33589 123 23 , , , 33589 123 24 notably notably RB 33589 123 25 that that DT 33589 123 26 of of IN 33589 123 27 the the DT 33589 123 28 huge huge JJ 33589 123 29 Mausoleum Mausoleum NNP 33589 123 30 at at IN 33589 123 31 Halicarnassus Halicarnassus NNP 33589 123 32 in in IN 33589 123 33 memory memory NN 33589 123 34 of of IN 33589 123 35 King King NNP 33589 123 36 Mausolus Mausolus NNP 33589 123 37 , , , 33589 123 38 who who WP 33589 123 39 died die VBD 33589 123 40 in in IN 33589 123 41 353 353 CD 33589 123 42 B.C. 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NNP 33589 123 43 , , , 33589 123 44 and and CC 33589 123 45 several several JJ 33589 123 46 theatres theatre NNS 33589 123 47 , , , 33589 123 48 including include VBG 33589 123 49 that that DT 33589 123 50 of of IN 33589 123 51 Dionysos Dionysos NNP 33589 123 52 at at IN 33589 123 53 Athens Athens NNP 33589 123 54 , , , 33589 123 55 with with IN 33589 123 56 a a DT 33589 123 57 well well RB 33589 123 58 - - HYPH 33589 123 59 preserved preserve VBN 33589 123 60 one one CD 33589 123 61 of of IN 33589 123 62 larger large JJR 33589 123 63 size size NN 33589 123 64 at at IN 33589 123 65 Epidaurus Epidaurus NNP 33589 123 66 , , , 33589 123 67 bear bear VB 33589 123 68 witness witness NN 33589 123 69 to to IN 33589 123 70 the the DT 33589 123 71 general general JJ 33589 123 72 prevalence prevalence NN 33589 123 73 of of IN 33589 123 74 Doric doric JJ 33589 123 75 features feature NNS 33589 123 76 in in IN 33589 123 77 funereal funereal JJ 33589 123 78 monuments monument NNS 33589 123 79 and 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of IN 33589 143 34 harmoniously harmoniously RB 33589 143 35 co co NN 33589 143 36 - - NN 33589 143 37 ordinating ordinating JJ 33589 143 38 in in IN 33589 143 39 a a DT 33589 143 40 single single JJ 33589 143 41 building building NN 33589 143 42 an an DT 33589 143 43 infinite infinite JJ 33589 143 44 variety variety NN 33589 143 45 of of IN 33589 143 46 structural structural JJ 33589 143 47 features feature NNS 33589 143 48 . . . 33589 144 1 They -PRON- PRP 33589 144 2 were be VBD 33589 144 3 moreover moreover RB 33589 144 4 exceptionally exceptionally RB 33589 144 5 successful successful JJ 33589 144 6 in in IN 33589 144 7 the the DT 33589 144 8 laying laying NN 33589 144 9 out out IN 33589 144 10 of of IN 33589 144 11 cities city NNS 33589 144 12 , , , 33589 144 13 as as IN 33589 144 14 proved prove VBN 33589 144 15 by by IN 33589 144 16 the the DT 33589 144 17 wonderful wonderful JJ 33589 144 18 groups group NNS 33589 144 19 of of IN 33589 144 20 buildings building NNS 33589 144 21 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VBN 33589 144 59 by by IN 33589 144 60 clever clever JJ 33589 144 61 contrivances contrivance NNS 33589 144 62 , , , 33589 144 63 adding add VBG 33589 144 64 greatly greatly RB 33589 144 65 to to IN 33589 144 66 the the DT 33589 144 67 symmetry symmetry NN 33589 144 68 of of IN 33589 144 69 the the DT 33589 144 70 general general JJ 33589 144 71 effect effect NN 33589 144 72 . . . 33589 145 1 Temples temple NNS 33589 145 2 , , , 33589 145 3 basilicas basilica NNS 33589 145 4 , , , 33589 145 5 baths bath NNS 33589 145 6 , , , 33589 145 7 bridges bridge NNS 33589 145 8 , , , 33589 145 9 aqueducts aqueduct NNS 33589 145 10 , , , 33589 145 11 triumphal triumphal NN 33589 145 12 arches arch NNS 33589 145 13 , , , 33589 145 14 palaces palace NNS 33589 145 15 , , , 33589 145 16 and and CC 33589 145 17 private private JJ 33589 145 18 houses house NNS 33589 145 19 were be VBD 33589 145 20 all all DT 33589 145 21 set set VBN 33589 145 22 in in IN 33589 145 23 the the DT 33589 145 24 environment environment NN 33589 145 25 most most RBS 33589 145 26 suitable suitable JJ 33589 145 27 to to IN 33589 145 28 them -PRON- PRP 33589 145 29 , , , 33589 145 30 and and CC 33589 145 31 even even RB 33589 145 32 tombs tomb NNS 33589 145 33 were be VBD 33589 145 34 ranged range VBN 33589 145 35 according accord VBG 33589 145 36 to to IN 33589 145 37 a a DT 33589 145 38 definite definite JJ 33589 145 39 plan plan NN 33589 145 40 , , , 33589 145 41 not not RB 33589 145 42 , , , 33589 145 43 as as IN 33589 145 44 in in IN 33589 145 45 most most JJS 33589 145 46 modern modern JJ 33589 145 47 cemeteries cemetery NNS 33589 145 48 , , , 33589 145 49 dotted dot VBN 33589 145 50 here here RB 33589 145 51 and and CC 33589 145 52 there there RB 33589 145 53 in in IN 33589 145 54 an an DT 33589 145 55 arbitrary arbitrary JJ 33589 145 56 manner manner NN 33589 145 57 . . . 33589 146 1 [ [ -LRB- 33589 146 2 Illustration illustration NN 33589 146 3 : : : 33589 146 4 Pont Pont NNP 33589 146 5 du du NNP 33589 146 6 Gard Gard NNP 33589 146 7 , , , 33589 146 8 Nîmes Nîmes NNP 33589 146 9 ] ] -RRB- 33589 146 10 The the DT 33589 146 11 earliest early JJS 33589 146 12 Roman roman JJ 33589 146 13 works work NNS 33589 146 14 of of IN 33589 146 15 architecture architecture NN 33589 146 16 were be VBD 33589 146 17 of of IN 33589 146 18 a a DT 33589 146 19 purely purely RB 33589 146 20 utilitarian utilitarian JJ 33589 146 21 character character NN 33589 146 22 , , , 33589 146 23 and and CC 33589 146 24 in in IN 33589 146 25 addition addition NN 33589 146 26 to to IN 33589 146 27 the the DT 33589 146 28 Cloaca Cloaca NNP 33589 146 29 Maxima Maxima NNP 33589 146 30 already already RB 33589 146 31 mentioned mention VBD 33589 146 32 the the DT 33589 146 33 most most RBS 33589 146 34 noteworthy noteworthy JJ 33589 146 35 still still RB 33589 146 36 in in IN 33589 146 37 existence existence NN 33589 146 38 are be VBP 33589 146 39 the the DT 33589 146 40 bridges bridge NNS 33589 146 41 over over IN 33589 146 42 the the DT 33589 146 43 Tiber Tiber NNP 33589 146 44 , , , 33589 146 45 the the DT 33589 146 46 aqueducts aqueduct NNS 33589 146 47 of of IN 33589 146 48 the the DT 33589 146 49 Campagna Campagna NNP 33589 146 50 outside outside IN 33589 146 51 Rome Rome NNP 33589 146 52 , , , 33589 146 53 and and CC 33589 146 54 the the DT 33589 146 55 so so RB 33589 146 56 - - HYPH 33589 146 57 called call VBN 33589 146 58 Pont Pont NNP 33589 146 59 du du NNP 33589 146 60 Gard Gard NNP 33589 146 61 at at IN 33589 146 62 Nîmes Nîmes NNP 33589 146 63 , , , 33589 146 64 France France NNP 33589 146 65 . . . 33589 147 1 The the DT 33589 147 2 most most RBS 33589 147 3 ancient ancient JJ 33589 147 4 temples temple NNS 33589 147 5 greatly greatly RB 33589 147 6 resemble resemble VBP 33589 147 7 those those DT 33589 147 8 of of IN 33589 147 9 Greece Greece NNP 33589 147 10 , , , 33589 147 11 and and CC 33589 147 12 amongst amongst IN 33589 147 13 them -PRON- PRP 33589 147 14 may may MD 33589 147 15 be be VB 33589 147 16 named name VBN 33589 147 17 as as IN 33589 147 18 specially specially RB 33589 147 19 typical typical JJ 33589 147 20 those those DT 33589 147 21 of of IN 33589 147 22 Fortuna Fortuna NNP 33589 147 23 Virilis Virilis NNPS 33589 147 24 and and CC 33589 147 25 of of IN 33589 147 26 Antoninus Antoninus NNP 33589 147 27 and and CC 33589 147 28 Faustina Faustina NNP 33589 147 29 , , , 33589 147 30 both both DT 33589 147 31 now now RB 33589 147 32 in in IN 33589 147 33 use use NN 33589 147 34 as as IN 33589 147 35 churches church NNS 33589 147 36 , , , 33589 147 37 and and CC 33589 147 38 that that DT 33589 147 39 of of IN 33589 147 40 Venus Venus NNP 33589 147 41 and and CC 33589 147 42 Rome Rome NNP 33589 147 43 , , , 33589 147 44 all all RB 33589 147 45 in in IN 33589 147 46 the the DT 33589 147 47 capital capital NN 33589 147 48 , , , 33589 147 49 that that DT 33589 147 50 of of IN 33589 147 51 Diana Diana NNP 33589 147 52 at at IN 33589 147 53 Nîmes Nîmes NNP 33589 147 54 known know VBN 33589 147 55 as as IN 33589 147 56 the the DT 33589 147 57 Maison Maison NNP 33589 147 58 Carrée Carrée NNP 33589 147 59 , , , 33589 147 60 and and CC 33589 147 61 that that DT 33589 147 62 of of IN 33589 147 63 the the DT 33589 147 64 Sun Sun NNP 33589 147 65 at at IN 33589 147 66 Baalbec Baalbec NNP 33589 147 67 . . . 33589 148 1 Of of IN 33589 148 2 later later JJ 33589 148 3 date date NN 33589 148 4 are be VBP 33589 148 5 the the DT 33589 148 6 beautiful beautiful JJ 33589 148 7 circular circular JJ 33589 148 8 temples temple NNS 33589 148 9 , , , 33589 148 10 of of IN 33589 148 11 which which WDT 33589 148 12 the the DT 33589 148 13 grandest grand JJS 33589 148 14 example example NN 33589 148 15 is be VBZ 33589 148 16 the the DT 33589 148 17 Pantheon Pantheon NNP 33589 148 18 of of IN 33589 148 19 Rome Rome NNP 33589 148 20 , , , 33589 148 21 built build VBN 33589 148 22 under under IN 33589 148 23 Hadrian Hadrian NNP 33589 148 24 about about IN 33589 148 25 A.D. A.D. NNP 33589 148 26 117 117 CD 33589 148 27 , , , 33589 148 28 in in IN 33589 148 29 which which WDT 33589 148 30 Roman roman JJ 33589 148 31 architecture architecture NN 33589 148 32 reached reach VBD 33589 148 33 its -PRON- PRP$ 33589 148 34 noblest noble JJS 33589 148 35 development development NN 33589 148 36 . . . 33589 149 1 The the DT 33589 149 2 colonnaded colonnade VBN 33589 149 3 porch porch NN 33589 149 4 with with IN 33589 149 5 entablature entablature NN 33589 149 6 and and CC 33589 149 7 pediment pediment NN 33589 149 8 , , , 33589 149 9 that that WDT 33589 149 10 detracts detract VBZ 33589 149 11 so so RB 33589 149 12 much much RB 33589 149 13 from from IN 33589 149 14 the the DT 33589 149 15 external external JJ 33589 149 16 effect effect NN 33589 149 17 of of IN 33589 149 18 this this DT 33589 149 19 magnificent magnificent JJ 33589 149 20 building building NN 33589 149 21 , , , 33589 149 22 did do VBD 33589 149 23 not not RB 33589 149 24 originally originally RB 33589 149 25 belong belong VB 33589 149 26 to to IN 33589 149 27 it -PRON- PRP 33589 149 28 , , , 33589 149 29 but but CC 33589 149 30 formed form VBD 33589 149 31 the the DT 33589 149 32 entrance entrance NN 33589 149 33 of of IN 33589 149 34 a a DT 33589 149 35 temple temple NN 33589 149 36 built build VBN 33589 149 37 by by IN 33589 149 38 Agrippa Agrippa NNP 33589 149 39 more more JJR 33589 149 40 than than IN 33589 149 41 a a DT 33589 149 42 century century NN 33589 149 43 before before RB 33589 149 44 , , , 33589 149 45 and and CC 33589 149 46 was be VBD 33589 149 47 added add VBN 33589 149 48 to to IN 33589 149 49 the the DT 33589 149 50 Rotunda Rotunda NNP 33589 149 51 after after IN 33589 149 52 the the DT 33589 149 53 completion completion NN 33589 149 54 of of IN 33589 149 55 the the DT 33589 149 56 latter latter JJ 33589 149 57 . . . 33589 150 1 The the DT 33589 150 2 internal internal JJ 33589 150 3 diameter diameter NN 33589 150 4 of of IN 33589 150 5 the the DT 33589 150 6 Pantheon Pantheon NNP 33589 150 7 is be VBZ 33589 150 8 142 142 CD 33589 150 9 feet foot NNS 33589 150 10 6 6 CD 33589 150 11 inches inch NNS 33589 150 12 , , , 33589 150 13 and and CC 33589 150 14 its -PRON- PRP$ 33589 150 15 height height NN 33589 150 16 at at IN 33589 150 17 the the DT 33589 150 18 apex apex NN 33589 150 19 of of IN 33589 150 20 the the DT 33589 150 21 dome dome NN 33589 150 22 is be VBZ 33589 150 23 the the DT 33589 150 24 same same JJ 33589 150 25 ; ; : 33589 150 26 its -PRON- PRP$ 33589 150 27 walls wall NNS 33589 150 28 are be VBP 33589 150 29 20 20 CD 33589 150 30 feet foot NNS 33589 150 31 thick thick JJ 33589 150 32 , , , 33589 150 33 and and CC 33589 150 34 its -PRON- PRP$ 33589 150 35 concrete concrete JJ 33589 150 36 dome dome NN 33589 150 37 is be VBZ 33589 150 38 adorned adorn VBN 33589 150 39 with with IN 33589 150 40 deeply deeply RB 33589 150 41 recessed recess VBN 33589 150 42 panels panel NNS 33589 150 43 or or CC 33589 150 44 coffers coffer NNS 33589 150 45 and and CC 33589 150 46 has have VBZ 33589 150 47 a a DT 33589 150 48 single single JJ 33589 150 49 circular circular JJ 33589 150 50 opening opening NN 33589 150 51 at at IN 33589 150 52 the the DT 33589 150 53 crown crown NN 33589 150 54 through through IN 33589 150 55 which which WDT 33589 150 56 alone alone RB 33589 150 57 light light NN 33589 150 58 is be VBZ 33589 150 59 admitted admit VBN 33589 150 60 . . . 33589 151 1 The the DT 33589 151 2 floor floor NN 33589 151 3 is be VBZ 33589 151 4 of of IN 33589 151 5 marble marble NN 33589 151 6 ; ; : 33589 151 7 bronze bronze NN 33589 151 8 pilasters pilaster NNS 33589 151 9 flank flank NN 33589 151 10 doorways doorway NNS 33589 151 11 of of IN 33589 151 12 the the DT 33589 151 13 same same JJ 33589 151 14 metal metal NN 33589 151 15 , , , 33589 151 16 the the DT 33589 151 17 oldest old JJS 33589 151 18 existing exist VBG 33589 151 19 specimens specimen NNS 33589 151 20 of of IN 33589 151 21 their -PRON- PRP$ 33589 151 22 kind kind NN 33589 151 23 , , , 33589 151 24 and and CC 33589 151 25 it -PRON- PRP 33589 151 26 is be VBZ 33589 151 27 supposed suppose VBN 33589 151 28 that that IN 33589 151 29 when when WRB 33589 151 30 first first RB 33589 151 31 completed complete VBD 33589 151 32 the the DT 33589 151 33 whole whole NN 33589 151 34 of of IN 33589 151 35 the the DT 33589 151 36 outside outside NN 33589 151 37 was be VBD 33589 151 38 cased case VBN 33589 151 39 in in IN 33589 151 40 white white NNP 33589 151 41 and and CC 33589 151 42 the the DT 33589 151 43 inside inside NN 33589 151 44 in in IN 33589 151 45 coloured coloured JJ 33589 151 46 marbles marble NNS 33589 151 47 . . . 33589 152 1 [ [ -LRB- 33589 152 2 Illustration illustration NN 33589 152 3 : : : 33589 152 4 Section section NN 33589 152 5 of of IN 33589 152 6 Pantheon Pantheon NNP 33589 152 7 ] ] -RRB- 33589 152 8 Other other JJ 33589 152 9 circular circular JJ 33589 152 10 temples temple NNS 33589 152 11 of of IN 33589 152 12 Roman roman JJ 33589 152 13 origin origin NN 33589 152 14 , , , 33589 152 15 but but CC 33589 152 16 on on IN 33589 152 17 a a DT 33589 152 18 much much RB 33589 152 19 smaller small JJR 33589 152 20 scale scale NN 33589 152 21 than than IN 33589 152 22 the the DT 33589 152 23 Pantheon Pantheon NNP 33589 152 24 , , , 33589 152 25 are be VBP 33589 152 26 the the DT 33589 152 27 Temple Temple NNP 33589 152 28 of of IN 33589 152 29 Vesta Vesta NNP 33589 152 30 and and CC 33589 152 31 that that IN 33589 152 32 in in IN 33589 152 33 the the DT 33589 152 34 Forum Forum NNP 33589 152 35 Boarium Boarium NNP 33589 152 36 , , , 33589 152 37 Rome Rome NNP 33589 152 38 , , , 33589 152 39 the the DT 33589 152 40 latter latter JJ 33589 152 41 much much RB 33589 152 42 injured injure VBN 33589 152 43 and and CC 33589 152 44 spoiled spoil VBN 33589 152 45 by by IN 33589 152 46 a a DT 33589 152 47 modern modern JJ 33589 152 48 roof roof NN 33589 152 49 quite quite RB 33589 152 50 out out IN 33589 152 51 of of IN 33589 152 52 character character NN 33589 152 53 with with IN 33589 152 54 it -PRON- PRP 33589 152 55 ; ; : 33589 152 56 the the DT 33589 152 57 one one CD 33589 152 58 at at IN 33589 152 59 Tivoli Tivoli NNP 33589 152 60 near near IN 33589 152 61 the the DT 33589 152 62 capital capital NN 33589 152 63 , , , 33589 152 64 known know VBN 33589 152 65 as as IN 33589 152 66 that that DT 33589 152 67 of of IN 33589 152 68 the the DT 33589 152 69 Sybils sybil NNS 33589 152 70 , , , 33589 152 71 still still RB 33589 152 72 beautiful beautiful JJ 33589 152 73 in in IN 33589 152 74 spite spite NN 33589 152 75 of of IN 33589 152 76 the the DT 33589 152 77 loss loss NN 33589 152 78 of of IN 33589 152 79 much much JJ 33589 152 80 of of IN 33589 152 81 its -PRON- PRP$ 33589 152 82 entablature entablature NN 33589 152 83 and and CC 33589 152 84 many many JJ 33589 152 85 of of IN 33589 152 86 its -PRON- PRP$ 33589 152 87 columns column NNS 33589 152 88 ; ; : 33589 152 89 the the DT 33589 152 90 Temple Temple NNP 33589 152 91 of of IN 33589 152 92 Jupiter Jupiter NNP 33589 152 93 at at IN 33589 152 94 Spalato Spalato NNP 33589 152 95 with with IN 33589 152 96 a a DT 33589 152 97 domed domed JJ 33589 152 98 roof roof NN 33589 152 99 upheld uphold VBN 33589 152 100 by by IN 33589 152 101 columns column NNS 33589 152 102 ; ; : 33589 152 103 and and CC 33589 152 104 that that IN 33589 152 105 at at IN 33589 152 106 Baalbec Baalbec NNP 33589 152 107 , , , 33589 152 108 which which WDT 33589 152 109 has have VBZ 33589 152 110 the the DT 33589 152 111 distinctive distinctive JJ 33589 152 112 feature feature NN 33589 152 113 of of IN 33589 152 114 a a DT 33589 152 115 curved curved JJ 33589 152 116 instead instead RB 33589 152 117 of of IN 33589 152 118 a a DT 33589 152 119 perfectly perfectly RB 33589 152 120 flat flat JJ 33589 152 121 entablature entablature NN 33589 152 122 . . . 33589 153 1 A a DT 33589 153 2 very very RB 33589 153 3 special special JJ 33589 153 4 interest interest NN 33589 153 5 attaches attache NNS 33589 153 6 to to IN 33589 153 7 the the DT 33589 153 8 Roman roman JJ 33589 153 9 basilica basilica NN 33589 153 10 on on IN 33589 153 11 account account NN 33589 153 12 of of IN 33589 153 13 its -PRON- PRP$ 33589 153 14 having have VBG 33589 153 15 so so RB 33589 153 16 long long RB 33589 153 17 been be VBN 33589 153 18 supposed suppose VBN 33589 153 19 to to TO 33589 153 20 have have VB 33589 153 21 been be VBN 33589 153 22 the the DT 33589 153 23 type type NN 33589 153 24 on on IN 33589 153 25 which which WDT 33589 153 26 the the DT 33589 153 27 earliest early JJS 33589 153 28 Christian christian JJ 33589 153 29 churches church NNS 33589 153 30 were be VBD 33589 153 31 built build VBN 33589 153 32 . . . 33589 154 1 Basilicas Basilicas NNP 33589 154 2 were be VBD 33589 154 3 used use VBN 33589 154 4 as as IN 33589 154 5 courts court NNS 33589 154 6 of of IN 33589 154 7 justice justice NN 33589 154 8 and and CC 33589 154 9 exchanges exchange NNS 33589 154 10 , , , 33589 154 11 more more RBR 33589 154 12 rarely rarely RB 33589 154 13 as as IN 33589 154 14 market market NN 33589 154 15 - - HYPH 33589 154 16 places place NNS 33589 154 17 , , , 33589 154 18 and and CC 33589 154 19 the the DT 33589 154 20 most most RBS 33589 154 21 ancient ancient JJ 33589 154 22 are be VBP 33589 154 23 said say VBN 33589 154 24 to to TO 33589 154 25 have have VB 33589 154 26 been be VBN 33589 154 27 merely merely RB 33589 154 28 square square JJ 33589 154 29 spaces space NNS 33589 154 30 , , , 33589 154 31 enclosed enclose VBN 33589 154 32 within within IN 33589 154 33 rows row NNS 33589 154 34 of of IN 33589 154 35 columns column NNS 33589 154 36 open open JJ 33589 154 37 to to IN 33589 154 38 the the DT 33589 154 39 air air NN 33589 154 40 , , , 33589 154 41 that that WDT 33589 154 42 were be VBD 33589 154 43 however however RB 33589 154 44 soon soon RB 33589 154 45 succeeded succeed VBN 33589 154 46 by by IN 33589 154 47 walled walled JJ 33589 154 48 buildings building NNS 33589 154 49 roofed roof VBN 33589 154 50 with with IN 33589 154 51 timber timber NN 33589 154 52 or or CC 33589 154 53 with with IN 33589 154 54 vaults vault NNS 33589 154 55 of of IN 33589 154 56 concrete concrete NN 33589 154 57 supported support VBN 33589 154 58 on on IN 33589 154 59 massive massive JJ 33589 154 60 piers pier NNS 33589 154 61 of of IN 33589 154 62 stone stone NN 33589 154 63 . . . 33589 155 1 In in IN 33589 155 2 them -PRON- PRP 33589 155 3 a a DT 33589 155 4 raised raise VBN 33589 155 5 semicircular semicircular JJ 33589 155 6 space space NN 33589 155 7 at at IN 33589 155 8 the the DT 33589 155 9 eastern eastern JJ 33589 155 10 end end NN 33589 155 11 was be VBD 33589 155 12 divided divide VBN 33589 155 13 off off RP 33589 155 14 by by IN 33589 155 15 columns column NNS 33589 155 16 known know VBN 33589 155 17 as as IN 33589 155 18 cancelli cancelli NN 33589 155 19 for for IN 33589 155 20 the the DT 33589 155 21 use use NN 33589 155 22 of of IN 33589 155 23 the the DT 33589 155 24 magistrate magistrate NN 33589 155 25 and and CC 33589 155 26 his -PRON- PRP$ 33589 155 27 lectors lector NNS 33589 155 28 , , , 33589 155 29 and and CC 33589 155 30 between between IN 33589 155 31 it -PRON- PRP 33589 155 32 and and CC 33589 155 33 the the DT 33589 155 34 main main JJ 33589 155 35 body body NN 33589 155 36 of of IN 33589 155 37 the the DT 33589 155 38 hall hall NN 33589 155 39 , , , 33589 155 40 which which WDT 33589 155 41 was be VBD 33589 155 42 divided divide VBN 33589 155 43 by by IN 33589 155 44 columns column NNS 33589 155 45 into into IN 33589 155 46 a a DT 33589 155 47 nave nave NN 33589 155 48 and and CC 33589 155 49 aisles aisle NNS 33589 155 50 , , , 33589 155 51 rose rise VBD 33589 155 52 the the DT 33589 155 53 altar altar NN 33589 155 54 on on IN 33589 155 55 which which WDT 33589 155 56 sacrifice sacrifice NN 33589 155 57 was be VBD 33589 155 58 offered offer VBN 33589 155 59 up up RP 33589 155 60 before before IN 33589 155 61 any any DT 33589 155 62 business business NN 33589 155 63 of of IN 33589 155 64 importance importance NN 33589 155 65 was be VBD 33589 155 66 entered enter VBN 33589 155 67 upon upon IN 33589 155 68 . . . 33589 156 1 A a DT 33589 156 2 good good JJ 33589 156 3 example example NN 33589 156 4 of of IN 33589 156 5 an an DT 33589 156 6 early early JJ 33589 156 7 Roman roman JJ 33589 156 8 basilica basilica NN 33589 156 9 is be VBZ 33589 156 10 that that DT 33589 156 11 called call VBN 33589 156 12 the the DT 33589 156 13 Ulpian Ulpian NNP 33589 156 14 in in IN 33589 156 15 the the DT 33589 156 16 Forum Forum NNP 33589 156 17 of of IN 33589 156 18 Trajan Trajan NNP 33589 156 19 , , , 33589 156 20 Rome Rome NNP 33589 156 21 , , , 33589 156 22 dating date VBG 33589 156 23 from from IN 33589 156 24 A.D. A.D. NNP 33589 156 25 98 98 CD 33589 156 26 , , , 33589 156 27 which which WDT 33589 156 28 is be VBZ 33589 156 29 said say VBN 33589 156 30 to to TO 33589 156 31 have have VB 33589 156 32 had have VBN 33589 156 33 a a DT 33589 156 34 flat flat JJ 33589 156 35 roof roof NN 33589 156 36 and and CC 33589 156 37 double double JJ 33589 156 38 aisles aisle NNS 33589 156 39 , , , 33589 156 40 the the DT 33589 156 41 latter latter JJ 33589 156 42 surmounted surmount VBN 33589 156 43 by by IN 33589 156 44 galleries gallery NNS 33589 156 45 , , , 33589 156 46 whilst whilst IN 33589 156 47 that that DT 33589 156 48 of of IN 33589 156 49 Maxentius Maxentius NNP 33589 156 50 and and CC 33589 156 51 Constantine Constantine NNP 33589 156 52 , , , 33589 156 53 the the DT 33589 156 54 ruins ruin NNS 33589 156 55 of of IN 33589 156 56 which which WDT 33589 156 57 are be VBP 33589 156 58 known know VBN 33589 156 59 as as IN 33589 156 60 the the DT 33589 156 61 Temple Temple NNP 33589 156 62 of of IN 33589 156 63 Peace Peace NNP 33589 156 64 , , , 33589 156 65 also also RB 33589 156 66 in in IN 33589 156 67 the the DT 33589 156 68 capital capital NN 33589 156 69 , , , 33589 156 70 of of IN 33589 156 71 considerably considerably RB 33589 156 72 later later JJ 33589 156 73 date date NN 33589 156 74 , , , 33589 156 75 A.D. A.D. NNP 33589 156 76 312 312 CD 33589 156 77 , , , 33589 156 78 had have VBD 33589 156 79 a a DT 33589 156 80 groined groin VBN 33589 156 81 central central JJ 33589 156 82 roof roof NN 33589 156 83 and and CC 33589 156 84 barrel barrel NN 33589 156 85 - - HYPH 33589 156 86 vaulted vaulted JJ 33589 156 87 side side NN 33589 156 88 aisles aisle NNS 33589 156 89 . . . 33589 157 1 [ [ -LRB- 33589 157 2 Illustration illustration NN 33589 157 3 : : : 33589 157 4 Roman roman JJ 33589 157 5 Doric Doric NNP 33589 157 6 Column Column NNP 33589 157 7 and and CC 33589 157 8 Entablature entablature NN 33589 157 9 ] ] -RRB- 33589 157 10 [ [ -LRB- 33589 157 11 Illustration illustration NN 33589 157 12 : : : 33589 157 13 Roman Roman NNP 33589 157 14 Ionic Ionic NNP 33589 157 15 Column Column NNP 33589 157 16 and and CC 33589 157 17 Entablature entablature NN 33589 157 18 ] ] -RRB- 33589 157 19 [ [ -LRB- 33589 157 20 Illustration illustration NN 33589 157 21 : : : 33589 157 22 Roman Roman NNP 33589 157 23 Corinthian Corinthian NNP 33589 157 24 Column Column NNP 33589 157 25 and and CC 33589 157 26 Entablature Entablature NNP 33589 157 27 ] ] -RRB- 33589 157 28 It -PRON- PRP 33589 157 29 was be VBD 33589 157 30 in in IN 33589 157 31 their -PRON- PRP$ 33589 157 32 Thermæ Thermæ NNS 33589 157 33 or or CC 33589 157 34 Baths Baths NNPS 33589 157 35 rather rather RB 33589 157 36 than than IN 33589 157 37 in in IN 33589 157 38 their -PRON- PRP$ 33589 157 39 Temples Temples NNPS 33589 157 40 and and CC 33589 157 41 Basilicas Basilicas NNP 33589 157 42 that that WDT 33589 157 43 the the DT 33589 157 44 Roman roman JJ 33589 157 45 architects architect NNS 33589 157 46 achieved achieve VBD 33589 157 47 their -PRON- PRP$ 33589 157 48 greatest great JJS 33589 157 49 triumphs triumph NNS 33589 157 50 . . . 33589 158 1 These these DT 33589 158 2 were be VBD 33589 158 3 vast vast JJ 33589 158 4 complex complex JJ 33589 158 5 structures structure NNS 33589 158 6 fitted fit VBN 33589 158 7 up up RP 33589 158 8 with with IN 33589 158 9 every every DT 33589 158 10 conceivable conceivable JJ 33589 158 11 luxury luxury NN 33589 158 12 for for IN 33589 158 13 the the DT 33589 158 14 use use NN 33589 158 15 of of IN 33589 158 16 bathers bather NNS 33589 158 17 , , , 33589 158 18 with with IN 33589 158 19 a a DT 33589 158 20 large large JJ 33589 158 21 hall hall NN 33589 158 22 artificially artificially RB 33589 158 23 heated heat VBN 33589 158 24 and and CC 33589 158 25 known know VBN 33589 158 26 as as IN 33589 158 27 the the DT 33589 158 28 tepidarium tepidarium NN 33589 158 29 , , , 33589 158 30 open open JJ 33589 158 31 colonnaded colonnaded JJ 33589 158 32 courts court NNS 33589 158 33 , , , 33589 158 34 and and CC 33589 158 35 many many JJ 33589 158 36 subsidiary subsidiary NN 33589 158 37 buildings building NNS 33589 158 38 including include VBG 33589 158 39 gymnasia gymnasia NNP 33589 158 40 , , , 33589 158 41 debating debate VBG 33589 158 42 rooms room NNS 33589 158 43 , , , 33589 158 44 & & CC 33589 158 45 c. c. CC 33589 158 46 They -PRON- PRP 33589 158 47 combined combine VBD 33589 158 48 simple simple JJ 33589 158 49 grandeur grandeur NN 33589 158 50 of of IN 33589 158 51 structure structure NN 33589 158 52 with with IN 33589 158 53 rich rich JJ 33589 158 54 internal internal JJ 33589 158 55 decoration decoration NN 33589 158 56 . . . 33589 159 1 The the DT 33589 159 2 most most RBS 33589 159 3 ancient ancient JJ 33589 159 4 Thermæ Thermæ NNP 33589 159 5 in in IN 33589 159 6 Rome Rome NNP 33589 159 7 , , , 33589 159 8 of of IN 33589 159 9 which which WDT 33589 159 10 extensive extensive JJ 33589 159 11 remains remain VBZ 33589 159 12 still still RB 33589 159 13 exist exist VBP 33589 159 14 , , , 33589 159 15 were be VBD 33589 159 16 those those DT 33589 159 17 of of IN 33589 159 18 Caracalla Caracalla NNP 33589 159 19 , , , 33589 159 20 erected erect VBN 33589 159 21 in in IN 33589 159 22 A.D. A.D. NNP 33589 159 23 217 217 CD 33589 159 24 , , , 33589 159 25 already already RB 33589 159 26 referred refer VBD 33589 159 27 to to IN 33589 159 28 in in IN 33589 159 29 connection connection NN 33589 159 30 with with IN 33589 159 31 the the DT 33589 159 32 earliest early JJS 33589 159 33 use use NN 33589 159 34 of of IN 33589 159 35 the the DT 33589 159 36 contrivance contrivance NN 33589 159 37 which which WDT 33589 159 38 foreshadowed foreshadow VBD 33589 159 39 the the DT 33589 159 40 pendentive pendentive NN 33589 159 41 . . . 33589 160 1 Rising rise VBG 33589 160 2 from from IN 33589 160 3 a a DT 33589 160 4 lofty lofty JJ 33589 160 5 platform platform NN 33589 160 6 , , , 33589 160 7 the the DT 33589 160 8 noble noble JJ 33589 160 9 tepidarium tepidarium NN 33589 160 10 was be VBD 33589 160 11 roofed roof VBN 33589 160 12 in in RP 33589 160 13 by by IN 33589 160 14 three three CD 33589 160 15 fine fine JJ 33589 160 16 intersecting intersecting NN 33589 160 17 vaults vault NNS 33589 160 18 , , , 33589 160 19 and and CC 33589 160 20 its -PRON- PRP$ 33589 160 21 walls wall NNS 33589 160 22 were be VBD 33589 160 23 cased case VBN 33589 160 24 in in IN 33589 160 25 marble marble NN 33589 160 26 . . . 33589 161 1 With with IN 33589 161 2 their -PRON- PRP$ 33589 161 3 supplementary supplementary JJ 33589 161 4 buildings building NNS 33589 161 5 the the DT 33589 161 6 baths bath NNS 33589 161 7 covered cover VBD 33589 161 8 a a DT 33589 161 9 space space NN 33589 161 10 some some DT 33589 161 11 110 110 CD 33589 161 12 yards yard NNS 33589 161 13 square square JJ 33589 161 14 , , , 33589 161 15 and and CC 33589 161 16 beneath beneath IN 33589 161 17 them -PRON- PRP 33589 161 18 were be VBD 33589 161 19 many many JJ 33589 161 20 vaulted vaulted JJ 33589 161 21 rooms room NNS 33589 161 22 for for IN 33589 161 23 the the DT 33589 161 24 attendants attendant NNS 33589 161 25 on on IN 33589 161 26 the the DT 33589 161 27 bathers bather NNS 33589 161 28 . . . 33589 162 1 Amongst amongst IN 33589 162 2 their -PRON- PRP$ 33589 162 3 ruins ruin NNS 33589 162 4 were be VBD 33589 162 5 found find VBN 33589 162 6 the the DT 33589 162 7 masterpieces masterpiece NNS 33589 162 8 of of IN 33589 162 9 sculpture sculpture NN 33589 162 10 known know VBN 33589 162 11 as as IN 33589 162 12 the the DT 33589 162 13 Farnese Farnese NNP 33589 162 14 Hercules Hercules NNP 33589 162 15 and and CC 33589 162 16 the the DT 33589 162 17 Farnese Farnese NNP 33589 162 18 Bull Bull NNP 33589 162 19 , , , 33589 162 20 but but CC 33589 162 21 when when WRB 33589 162 22 they -PRON- PRP 33589 162 23 were be VBD 33589 162 24 first first RB 33589 162 25 placed place VBN 33589 162 26 there there RB 33589 162 27 , , , 33589 162 28 there there EX 33589 162 29 is be VBZ 33589 162 30 no no DT 33589 162 31 evidence evidence NN 33589 162 32 to to TO 33589 162 33 prove prove VB 33589 162 34 . . . 33589 163 1 [ [ -LRB- 33589 163 2 Illustration illustration NN 33589 163 3 : : : 33589 163 4 Temple Temple NNP 33589 163 5 of of IN 33589 163 6 Vesta Vesta NNP 33589 163 7 , , , 33589 163 8 Rome Rome NNP 33589 163 9 ] ] -RRB- 33589 163 10 Larger large JJR 33589 163 11 and and CC 33589 163 12 more more RBR 33589 163 13 imposing impose VBG 33589 163 14 in in IN 33589 163 15 appearance appearance NN 33589 163 16 even even RB 33589 163 17 than than IN 33589 163 18 the the DT 33589 163 19 Baths Baths NNPS 33589 163 20 of of IN 33589 163 21 Caracalla Caracalla NNP 33589 163 22 were be VBD 33589 163 23 those those DT 33589 163 24 of of IN 33589 163 25 Diocletian Diocletian NNP 33589 163 26 , , , 33589 163 27 that that WDT 33589 163 28 were be VBD 33589 163 29 capable capable JJ 33589 163 30 of of IN 33589 163 31 accommodating accommodate VBG 33589 163 32 more more JJR 33589 163 33 than than IN 33589 163 34 3000 3000 CD 33589 163 35 bathers bather NNS 33589 163 36 and and CC 33589 163 37 were be VBD 33589 163 38 built build VBN 33589 163 39 about about IN 33589 163 40 A.D. A.D. NNP 33589 163 41 303 303 CD 33589 163 42 . . . 33589 164 1 The the DT 33589 164 2 grand grand JJ 33589 164 3 hall hall NN 33589 164 4 or or CC 33589 164 5 tepidarium tepidarium NNP 33589 164 6 and and CC 33589 164 7 the the DT 33589 164 8 barrel barrel NN 33589 164 9 - - HYPH 33589 164 10 vaulted vaulted JJ 33589 164 11 entrance entrance NN 33589 164 12 portico portico NN 33589 164 13 were be VBD 33589 164 14 most most RBS 33589 164 15 successfully successfully RB 33589 164 16 converted convert VBN 33589 164 17 in in IN 33589 164 18 the the DT 33589 164 19 sixteenth sixteenth JJ 33589 164 20 century century NN 33589 164 21 into into IN 33589 164 22 the the DT 33589 164 23 church church NN 33589 164 24 of of IN 33589 164 25 S. S. NNP 33589 164 26 Maria Maria NNP 33589 164 27 degli degli VBP 33589 164 28 Angeli Angeli NNP 33589 164 29 by by IN 33589 164 30 Michael Michael NNP 33589 164 31 Angelo Angelo NNP 33589 164 32 , , , 33589 164 33 and and CC 33589 164 34 one one CD 33589 164 35 of of IN 33589 164 36 two two CD 33589 164 37 circular circular JJ 33589 164 38 structures structure NNS 33589 164 39 that that WDT 33589 164 40 flanked flank VBD 33589 164 41 the the DT 33589 164 42 encircling encircle VBG 33589 164 43 wall wall NN 33589 164 44 was be VBD 33589 164 45 later later RB 33589 164 46 consecrated consecrate VBN 33589 164 47 under under IN 33589 164 48 the the DT 33589 164 49 name name NN 33589 164 50 of of IN 33589 164 51 S. S. NNP 33589 164 52 Bernardo Bernardo NNP 33589 164 53 , , , 33589 164 54 and and CC 33589 164 55 is be VBZ 33589 164 56 still still RB 33589 164 57 used use VBN 33589 164 58 as as IN 33589 164 59 a a DT 33589 164 60 place place NN 33589 164 61 of of IN 33589 164 62 worship worship NN 33589 164 63 . . . 33589 165 1 Next next RB 33589 165 2 in in IN 33589 165 3 importance importance NN 33589 165 4 to to IN 33589 165 5 the the DT 33589 165 6 Thermæ Thermæ NNP 33589 165 7 rank rank NN 33589 165 8 the the DT 33589 165 9 Amphitheatres Amphitheatres NNP 33589 165 10 of of IN 33589 165 11 the the DT 33589 165 12 Roman Roman NNP 33589 165 13 Empire Empire NNP 33589 165 14 , , , 33589 165 15 in in IN 33589 165 16 which which WDT 33589 165 17 gladiatorial gladiatorial JJ 33589 165 18 contests contest NNS 33589 165 19 and and CC 33589 165 20 other other JJ 33589 165 21 trials trial NNS 33589 165 22 of of IN 33589 165 23 skill skill NN 33589 165 24 took take VBD 33589 165 25 place place NN 33589 165 26 , , , 33589 165 27 and and CC 33589 165 28 without without IN 33589 165 29 which which WDT 33589 165 30 no no DT 33589 165 31 town town NN 33589 165 32 however however RB 33589 165 33 small small JJ 33589 165 34 was be VBD 33589 165 35 considered consider VBN 33589 165 36 complete complete JJ 33589 165 37 . . . 33589 166 1 Though though IN 33589 166 2 their -PRON- PRP$ 33589 166 3 detail detail NN 33589 166 4 was be VBD 33589 166 5 almost almost RB 33589 166 6 exclusively exclusively RB 33589 166 7 borrowed borrow VBN 33589 166 8 from from IN 33589 166 9 the the DT 33589 166 10 Greeks Greeks NNPS 33589 166 11 -- -- : 33589 166 12 tiers tier NNS 33589 166 13 of of IN 33589 166 14 arches arch NNS 33589 166 15 resting rest VBG 33589 166 16 on on IN 33589 166 17 columns column NNS 33589 166 18 and and CC 33589 166 19 surmounted surmount VBN 33589 166 20 by by IN 33589 166 21 an an DT 33589 166 22 entablature entablature NN 33589 166 23 rising rise VBG 33589 166 24 one one CD 33589 166 25 above above IN 33589 166 26 the the DT 33589 166 27 other other JJ 33589 166 28 -- -- : 33589 166 29 their -PRON- PRP$ 33589 166 30 architects architect NNS 33589 166 31 managed manage VBD 33589 166 32 to to TO 33589 166 33 impress impress VB 33589 166 34 on on IN 33589 166 35 them -PRON- PRP 33589 166 36 a a DT 33589 166 37 distinctive distinctive JJ 33589 166 38 character character NN 33589 166 39 of of IN 33589 166 40 their -PRON- PRP$ 33589 166 41 own own JJ 33589 166 42 . . . 33589 167 1 Finest fine JJS 33589 167 2 of of IN 33589 167 3 all all DT 33589 167 4 still still RB 33589 167 5 existing exist VBG 33589 167 6 examples example NNS 33589 167 7 is be VBZ 33589 167 8 the the DT 33589 167 9 Flavian Flavian NNP 33589 167 10 Amphitheatre Amphitheatre NNP 33589 167 11 , , , 33589 167 12 generally generally RB 33589 167 13 known know VBN 33589 167 14 as as IN 33589 167 15 the the DT 33589 167 16 Coliseum Coliseum NNP 33589 167 17 at at IN 33589 167 18 Rome Rome NNP 33589 167 19 , , , 33589 167 20 which which WDT 33589 167 21 occupies occupy VBZ 33589 167 22 the the DT 33589 167 23 site site NN 33589 167 24 of of IN 33589 167 25 the the DT 33589 167 26 famous famous JJ 33589 167 27 Golden Golden NNP 33589 167 28 House House NNP 33589 167 29 of of IN 33589 167 30 Nero Nero NNP 33589 167 31 , , , 33589 167 32 and and CC 33589 167 33 was be VBD 33589 167 34 completed complete VBN 33589 167 35 about about IN 33589 167 36 A.D. A.D. NNP 33589 167 37 70 70 CD 33589 167 38 . . . 33589 168 1 It -PRON- PRP 33589 168 2 is be VBZ 33589 168 3 of of IN 33589 168 4 elliptical elliptical JJ 33589 168 5 plan plan NN 33589 168 6 , , , 33589 168 7 measures measure VBZ 33589 168 8 some some DT 33589 168 9 612 612 CD 33589 168 10 by by IN 33589 168 11 515 515 CD 33589 168 12 feet foot NNS 33589 168 13 , , , 33589 168 14 and and CC 33589 168 15 was be VBD 33589 168 16 from from IN 33589 168 17 160 160 CD 33589 168 18 to to TO 33589 168 19 180 180 CD 33589 168 20 feet foot NNS 33589 168 21 high high JJ 33589 168 22 . . . 33589 169 1 It -PRON- PRP 33589 169 2 was be VBD 33589 169 3 capable capable JJ 33589 169 4 of of IN 33589 169 5 containing contain VBG 33589 169 6 some some DT 33589 169 7 80,000 80,000 CD 33589 169 8 spectators spectator NNS 33589 169 9 , , , 33589 169 10 and and CC 33589 169 11 was be VBD 33589 169 12 for for IN 33589 169 13 a a DT 33589 169 14 long long JJ 33589 169 15 period period NN 33589 169 16 the the DT 33589 169 17 chief chief JJ 33589 169 18 meeting meeting NN 33589 169 19 - - HYPH 33589 169 20 place place NN 33589 169 21 of of IN 33589 169 22 the the DT 33589 169 23 Roman roman JJ 33589 169 24 citizens citizen NNS 33589 169 25 . . . 33589 170 1 The the DT 33589 170 2 exterior exterior NN 33589 170 3 is be VBZ 33589 170 4 four four CD 33589 170 5 stories story NNS 33589 170 6 high high JJ 33589 170 7 and and CC 33589 170 8 consists consist VBZ 33589 170 9 of of IN 33589 170 10 a a DT 33589 170 11 series series NN 33589 170 12 of of IN 33589 170 13 three three CD 33589 170 14 rows row NNS 33589 170 15 of of IN 33589 170 16 arches arch NNS 33589 170 17 , , , 33589 170 18 the the DT 33589 170 19 lowest low JJS 33589 170 20 with with IN 33589 170 21 Doric Doric NNP 33589 170 22 , , , 33589 170 23 the the DT 33589 170 24 second second JJ 33589 170 25 with with IN 33589 170 26 Ionic Ionic NNP 33589 170 27 , , , 33589 170 28 and and CC 33589 170 29 the the DT 33589 170 30 third third JJ 33589 170 31 with with IN 33589 170 32 Corinthian corinthian JJ 33589 170 33 capitals capital NNS 33589 170 34 , , , 33589 170 35 the the DT 33589 170 36 last last JJ 33589 170 37 surmounted surmount VBN 33589 170 38 by by IN 33589 170 39 a a DT 33589 170 40 row row NN 33589 170 41 of of IN 33589 170 42 Corinthian corinthian JJ 33589 170 43 pilasters pilaster NNS 33589 170 44 , , , 33589 170 45 forming form VBG 33589 170 46 a a DT 33589 170 47 fourth fourth JJ 33589 170 48 story story NN 33589 170 49 , , , 33589 170 50 which which WDT 33589 170 51 is be VBZ 33589 170 52 supposed suppose VBN 33589 170 53 to to TO 33589 170 54 have have VB 33589 170 55 been be VBN 33589 170 56 originally originally RB 33589 170 57 of of IN 33589 170 58 wood wood NN 33589 170 59 and and CC 33589 170 60 to to TO 33589 170 61 have have VB 33589 170 62 been be VBN 33589 170 63 rebuilt rebuild VBN 33589 170 64 in in IN 33589 170 65 stone stone NN 33589 170 66 considerably considerably RB 33589 170 67 later later RB 33589 170 68 . . . 33589 171 1 The the DT 33589 171 2 groups group NNS 33589 171 3 of of IN 33589 171 4 seats seat NNS 33589 171 5 , , , 33589 171 6 which which WDT 33589 171 7 , , , 33589 171 8 with with IN 33589 171 9 the the DT 33589 171 10 central central JJ 33589 171 11 arena arena NN 33589 171 12 they -PRON- PRP 33589 171 13 commanded command VBD 33589 171 14 , , , 33589 171 15 were be VBD 33589 171 16 protected protect VBN 33589 171 17 from from IN 33589 171 18 the the DT 33589 171 19 weather weather NN 33589 171 20 by by IN 33589 171 21 a a DT 33589 171 22 moveable moveable JJ 33589 171 23 awning awning NN 33589 171 24 called call VBN 33589 171 25 the the DT 33589 171 26 velarium velarium NN 33589 171 27 , , , 33589 171 28 corresponded correspond VBD 33589 171 29 with with IN 33589 171 30 the the DT 33589 171 31 exterior exterior NNP 33589 171 32 stories story NNS 33589 171 33 , , , 33589 171 34 and and CC 33589 171 35 to to IN 33589 171 36 each each DT 33589 171 37 tier tier NN 33589 171 38 a a DT 33589 171 39 staircase staircase NN 33589 171 40 led lead VBD 33589 171 41 up up RP 33589 171 42 , , , 33589 171 43 wide wide JJ 33589 171 44 vaulted vaulted JJ 33589 171 45 corridors corridor NNS 33589 171 46 connecting connect VBG 33589 171 47 the the DT 33589 171 48 various various JJ 33589 171 49 entrances entrance NNS 33589 171 50 with with IN 33589 171 51 each each DT 33589 171 52 other other JJ 33589 171 53 , , , 33589 171 54 running run VBG 33589 171 55 round round IN 33589 171 56 the the DT 33589 171 57 entire entire JJ 33589 171 58 building building NN 33589 171 59 , , , 33589 171 60 the the DT 33589 171 61 whole whole NN 33589 171 62 producing produce VBG 33589 171 63 a a DT 33589 171 64 most most RBS 33589 171 65 harmonious harmonious JJ 33589 171 66 and and CC 33589 171 67 pleasing pleasing JJ 33589 171 68 effect effect NN 33589 171 69 . . . 33589 172 1 At at IN 33589 172 2 Verona Verona NNP 33589 172 3 , , , 33589 172 4 Capria Capria NNP 33589 172 5 , , , 33589 172 6 Pola Pola NNP 33589 172 7 , , , 33589 172 8 and and CC 33589 172 9 Pezzuoli Pezzuoli NNP 33589 172 10 in in IN 33589 172 11 Italy Italy NNP 33589 172 12 , , , 33589 172 13 at at IN 33589 172 14 Syracuse Syracuse NNP 33589 172 15 in in IN 33589 172 16 Sicily Sicily NNP 33589 172 17 , , , 33589 172 18 and and CC 33589 172 19 at at IN 33589 172 20 Arles Arles NNP 33589 172 21 and and CC 33589 172 22 Nîmes Nîmes NNPS 33589 172 23 in in IN 33589 172 24 France France NNP 33589 172 25 are be VBP 33589 172 26 remains remain NNS 33589 172 27 of of IN 33589 172 28 important important JJ 33589 172 29 Roman roman JJ 33589 172 30 amphitheatres amphitheatre NNS 33589 172 31 , , , 33589 172 32 and and CC 33589 172 33 of of IN 33589 172 34 the the DT 33589 172 35 rarer rarer NN 33589 172 36 theatres theatre NNS 33589 172 37 used use VBN 33589 172 38 for for IN 33589 172 39 dramatic dramatic JJ 33589 172 40 entertainments entertainment NNS 33589 172 41 must must MD 33589 172 42 be be VB 33589 172 43 named name VBN 33589 172 44 the the DT 33589 172 45 two two CD 33589 172 46 well well RB 33589 172 47 - - HYPH 33589 172 48 preserved preserve VBN 33589 172 49 examples example NNS 33589 172 50 at at IN 33589 172 51 Pompeii Pompeii NNP 33589 172 52 , , , 33589 172 53 the the DT 33589 172 54 ruins ruin NNS 33589 172 55 of of IN 33589 172 56 the the DT 33589 172 57 Odeion Odeion NNP 33589 172 58 of of IN 33589 172 59 Herodes Herodes NNP 33589 172 60 Atticus Atticus NNP 33589 172 61 at at IN 33589 172 62 Athens Athens NNP 33589 172 63 , , , 33589 172 64 and and CC 33589 172 65 most most RBS 33589 172 66 ancient ancient JJ 33589 172 67 of of IN 33589 172 68 all all DT 33589 172 69 , , , 33589 172 70 the the DT 33589 172 71 remains remain NNS 33589 172 72 of of IN 33589 172 73 the the DT 33589 172 74 so so RB 33589 172 75 - - HYPH 33589 172 76 called call VBN 33589 172 77 Theatre Theatre NNP 33589 172 78 of of IN 33589 172 79 Marcellus Marcellus NNP 33589 172 80 at at IN 33589 172 81 Rome Rome NNP 33589 172 82 now now RB 33589 172 83 incorporated incorporate VBN 33589 172 84 with with IN 33589 172 85 the the DT 33589 172 86 Orsinii Orsinii NNP 33589 172 87 Palace Palace NNP 33589 172 88 , , , 33589 172 89 all all DT 33589 172 90 which which WDT 33589 172 91 appear appear VBP 33589 172 92 to to TO 33589 172 93 have have VB 33589 172 94 resembled resemble VBN 33589 172 95 the the DT 33589 172 96 Coliseum Coliseum NNP 33589 172 97 to to IN 33589 172 98 a a DT 33589 172 99 great great JJ 33589 172 100 extent extent NN 33589 172 101 in in IN 33589 172 102 their -PRON- PRP$ 33589 172 103 general general JJ 33589 172 104 style style NN 33589 172 105 and and CC 33589 172 106 decoration decoration NN 33589 172 107 . . . 33589 173 1 Of of IN 33589 173 2 the the DT 33589 173 3 vast vast JJ 33589 173 4 and and CC 33589 173 5 imposing impose VBG 33589 173 6 palaces palace NNS 33589 173 7 built build VBN 33589 173 8 or or CC 33589 173 9 added add VBN 33589 173 10 to to IN 33589 173 11 by by IN 33589 173 12 successive successive JJ 33589 173 13 Roman roman JJ 33589 173 14 emperors emperor NNS 33589 173 15 , , , 33589 173 16 that that WDT 33589 173 17 included include VBD 33589 173 18 audience audience NN 33589 173 19 chambers chamber NNS 33589 173 20 , , , 33589 173 21 basilicas basilicas NN 33589 173 22 , , , 33589 173 23 stadia stadia NN 33589 173 24 for for IN 33589 173 25 athletic athletic JJ 33589 173 26 games game NNS 33589 173 27 , , , 33589 173 28 galleries gallery NNS 33589 173 29 , , , 33589 173 30 state state NN 33589 173 31 dining dining NN 33589 173 32 - - HYPH 33589 173 33 halls hall NNS 33589 173 34 , , , 33589 173 35 baths bath NNS 33589 173 36 , , , 33589 173 37 and and CC 33589 173 38 many many JJ 33589 173 39 suites suite NNS 33589 173 40 of of IN 33589 173 41 apartments apartment NNS 33589 173 42 for for IN 33589 173 43 various various JJ 33589 173 44 purposes purpose NNS 33589 173 45 , , , 33589 173 46 there there EX 33589 173 47 exist exist VBP 33589 173 48 unfortunately unfortunately RB 33589 173 49 but but CC 33589 173 50 a a DT 33589 173 51 few few JJ 33589 173 52 remains remain NNS 33589 173 53 . . . 33589 174 1 Nero Nero NNP 33589 174 2 's 's POS 33589 174 3 Golden Golden NNP 33589 174 4 House House NNP 33589 174 5 , , , 33589 174 6 several several JJ 33589 174 7 of of IN 33589 174 8 the the DT 33589 174 9 ruins ruin NNS 33589 174 10 of of IN 33589 174 11 which which WDT 33589 174 12 were be VBD 33589 174 13 excavated excavate VBN 33589 174 14 in in IN 33589 174 15 the the DT 33589 174 16 16th 16th JJ 33589 174 17 century century NN 33589 174 18 , , , 33589 174 19 and and CC 33589 174 20 inspired inspire VBD 33589 174 21 Raphael Raphael NNP 33589 174 22 with with IN 33589 174 23 some some DT 33589 174 24 of of IN 33589 174 25 the the DT 33589 174 26 decorative decorative JJ 33589 174 27 details detail NNS 33589 174 28 of of IN 33589 174 29 the the DT 33589 174 30 loggia loggia NN 33589 174 31 of of IN 33589 174 32 the the DT 33589 174 33 Vatican Vatican NNP 33589 174 34 , , , 33589 174 35 is be VBZ 33589 174 36 said say VBN 33589 174 37 to to TO 33589 174 38 have have VB 33589 174 39 covered cover VBN 33589 174 40 more more JJR 33589 174 41 than than IN 33589 174 42 a a DT 33589 174 43 mile mile NN 33589 174 44 of of IN 33589 174 45 ground ground NN 33589 174 46 , , , 33589 174 47 and and CC 33589 174 48 at at IN 33589 174 49 one one CD 33589 174 50 time time NN 33589 174 51 the the DT 33589 174 52 whole whole NN 33589 174 53 of of IN 33589 174 54 the the DT 33589 174 55 Palatine Palatine NNP 33589 174 56 Hill Hill NNP 33589 174 57 was be VBD 33589 174 58 occupied occupy VBN 33589 174 59 by by IN 33589 174 60 stately stately JJ 33589 174 61 edifices edifice NNS 33589 174 62 , , , 33589 174 63 with with IN 33589 174 64 the the DT 33589 174 65 Palace Palace NNP 33589 174 66 of of IN 33589 174 67 Augustus Augustus NNP 33589 174 68 in in IN 33589 174 69 the the DT 33589 174 70 centre centre NN 33589 174 71 and and CC 33589 174 72 those those DT 33589 174 73 of of IN 33589 174 74 Tiberius Tiberius NNP 33589 174 75 , , , 33589 174 76 Caligula Caligula NNP 33589 174 77 , , , 33589 174 78 Nero Nero NNP 33589 174 79 , , , 33589 174 80 Domitian Domitian NNP 33589 174 81 , , , 33589 174 82 and and CC 33589 174 83 Septimius Septimius NNP 33589 174 84 Severus Severus NNP 33589 174 85 , , , 33589 174 86 who who WP 33589 174 87 greatly greatly RB 33589 174 88 added add VBD 33589 174 89 to to IN 33589 174 90 and and CC 33589 174 91 modified modify VBD 33589 174 92 the the DT 33589 174 93 work work NN 33589 174 94 of of IN 33589 174 95 his -PRON- PRP$ 33589 174 96 predecessors predecessor NNS 33589 174 97 , , , 33589 174 98 grouped group VBD 33589 174 99 about about IN 33589 174 100 them -PRON- PRP 33589 174 101 , , , 33589 174 102 but but CC 33589 174 103 all all DT 33589 174 104 that that WDT 33589 174 105 can can MD 33589 174 106 now now RB 33589 174 107 be be VB 33589 174 108 fully fully RB 33589 174 109 identified identify VBN 33589 174 110 are be VBP 33589 174 111 some some DT 33589 174 112 of of IN 33589 174 113 the the DT 33589 174 114 ground ground NN 33589 174 115 plans plan NNS 33589 174 116 with with IN 33589 174 117 a a DT 33589 174 118 few few JJ 33589 174 119 of of IN 33589 174 120 the the DT 33589 174 121 minor minor JJ 33589 174 122 details detail NNS 33589 174 123 of of IN 33589 174 124 structure structure NN 33589 174 125 . . . 33589 175 1 To to TO 33589 175 2 atone atone VB 33589 175 3 for for IN 33589 175 4 this this DT 33589 175 5 however however RB 33589 175 6 , , , 33589 175 7 much much JJ 33589 175 8 of of IN 33589 175 9 the the DT 33589 175 10 Palace Palace NNP 33589 175 11 of of IN 33589 175 12 Diocletian Diocletian NNP 33589 175 13 at at IN 33589 175 14 Spalato Spalato NNP 33589 175 15 in in IN 33589 175 16 Dalmatia Dalmatia NNP 33589 175 17 , , , 33589 175 18 to to TO 33589 175 19 which which WDT 33589 175 20 that that DT 33589 175 21 emperor emperor NN 33589 175 22 withdrew withdraw VBD 33589 175 23 after after IN 33589 175 24 his -PRON- PRP$ 33589 175 25 abdication abdication NN 33589 175 26 in in IN 33589 175 27 A.D. A.D. NNP 33589 175 28 305 305 CD 33589 175 29 , , , 33589 175 30 which which WDT 33589 175 31 originally originally RB 33589 175 32 formed form VBD 33589 175 33 a a DT 33589 175 34 small small JJ 33589 175 35 town town NN 33589 175 36 in in IN 33589 175 37 itself -PRON- PRP 33589 175 38 , , , 33589 175 39 is be VBZ 33589 175 40 still still RB 33589 175 41 to to IN 33589 175 42 a a DT 33589 175 43 great great JJ 33589 175 44 extent extent NN 33589 175 45 intact intact JJ 33589 175 46 , , , 33589 175 47 including include VBG 33589 175 48 a a DT 33589 175 49 temple temple NN 33589 175 50 now now RB 33589 175 51 used use VBN 33589 175 52 as as IN 33589 175 53 a a DT 33589 175 54 cathedral cathedral NN 33589 175 55 , , , 33589 175 56 a a DT 33589 175 57 gallery gallery NN 33589 175 58 520 520 CD 33589 175 59 feet foot NNS 33589 175 60 long long JJ 33589 175 61 by by IN 33589 175 62 24 24 CD 33589 175 63 wide wide JJ 33589 175 64 , , , 33589 175 65 and and CC 33589 175 66 a a DT 33589 175 67 few few JJ 33589 175 68 of of IN 33589 175 69 the the DT 33589 175 70 covered cover VBN 33589 175 71 arcades arcade NNS 33589 175 72 that that WDT 33589 175 73 originally originally RB 33589 175 74 connected connect VBD 33589 175 75 its -PRON- PRP$ 33589 175 76 various various JJ 33589 175 77 parts part NNS 33589 175 78 . . . 33589 176 1 What what WP 33589 176 2 is be VBZ 33589 176 3 left leave VBN 33589 176 4 of of IN 33589 176 5 the the DT 33589 176 6 so so RB 33589 176 7 - - HYPH 33589 176 8 called call VBN 33589 176 9 Hadrian Hadrian NNP 33589 176 10 's 's POS 33589 176 11 Villa Villa NNP 33589 176 12 at at IN 33589 176 13 Tivoli Tivoli NNP 33589 176 14 near near IN 33589 176 15 Rome Rome NNP 33589 176 16 proves prove VBZ 33589 176 17 that that IN 33589 176 18 it -PRON- PRP 33589 176 19 too too RB 33589 176 20 was be VBD 33589 176 21 of of IN 33589 176 22 vast vast JJ 33589 176 23 extent extent NN 33589 176 24 , , , 33589 176 25 with with IN 33589 176 26 a a DT 33589 176 27 great great JJ 33589 176 28 variety variety NN 33589 176 29 of of IN 33589 176 30 buildings building NNS 33589 176 31 , , , 33589 176 32 different different JJ 33589 176 33 suites suite NNS 33589 176 34 of of IN 33589 176 35 rooms room NNS 33589 176 36 having have VBG 33589 176 37 been be VBN 33589 176 38 occupied occupy VBN 33589 176 39 according accord VBG 33589 176 40 to to IN 33589 176 41 the the DT 33589 176 42 seasons season NNS 33589 176 43 , , , 33589 176 44 and and CC 33589 176 45 at at IN 33589 176 46 Pompeii Pompeii NNP 33589 176 47 and and CC 33589 176 48 Herculaneum Herculaneum NNP 33589 176 49 , , , 33589 176 50 thanks thank NNS 33589 176 51 to to IN 33589 176 52 the the DT 33589 176 53 remarkable remarkable JJ 33589 176 54 preservation preservation NN 33589 176 55 of of IN 33589 176 56 many many JJ 33589 176 57 of of IN 33589 176 58 the the DT 33589 176 59 houses house NNS 33589 176 60 in in IN 33589 176 61 them -PRON- PRP 33589 176 62 , , , 33589 176 63 notably notably RB 33589 176 64 that that IN 33589 176 65 named name VBN 33589 176 66 after after IN 33589 176 67 Pansa Pansa NNP 33589 176 68 , , , 33589 176 69 the the DT 33589 176 70 domestic domestic JJ 33589 176 71 architecture architecture NN 33589 176 72 of of IN 33589 176 73 the the DT 33589 176 74 private private JJ 33589 176 75 citizens citizen NNS 33589 176 76 of of IN 33589 176 77 the the DT 33589 176 78 great great JJ 33589 176 79 Roman Roman NNP 33589 176 80 Empire Empire NNP 33589 176 81 , , , 33589 176 82 of of IN 33589 176 83 which which WDT 33589 176 84 picturesque picturesque NN 33589 176 85 arcaded arcade VBN 33589 176 86 courts court NNS 33589 176 87 were be VBD 33589 176 88 a a DT 33589 176 89 noteworthy noteworthy JJ 33589 176 90 feature feature NN 33589 176 91 , , , 33589 176 92 can can MD 33589 176 93 be be VB 33589 176 94 well well RB 33589 176 95 studied study VBN 33589 176 96 , , , 33589 176 97 as as RB 33589 176 98 well well RB 33589 176 99 as as IN 33589 176 100 that that DT 33589 176 101 of of IN 33589 176 102 the the DT 33589 176 103 temples temple NNS 33589 176 104 , , , 33589 176 105 triumphal triumphal NN 33589 176 106 arches arch NNS 33589 176 107 , , , 33589 176 108 public public JJ 33589 176 109 baths bath NNS 33589 176 110 , , , 33589 176 111 & & CC 33589 176 112 c. c. NNP 33589 176 113 , , , 33589 176 114 all all DT 33589 176 115 of of IN 33589 176 116 which which WDT 33589 176 117 greatly greatly RB 33589 176 118 resembled resemble VBD 33589 176 119 those those DT 33589 176 120 of of IN 33589 176 121 the the DT 33589 176 122 Capital Capital NNP 33589 176 123 . . . 33589 177 1 [ [ -LRB- 33589 177 2 Illustration illustration NN 33589 177 3 : : : 33589 177 4 Arch arch JJ 33589 177 5 of of IN 33589 177 6 Titus Titus NNP 33589 177 7 at at IN 33589 177 8 Rome Rome NNP 33589 177 9 ] ] -RRB- 33589 177 10 Whether whether IN 33589 177 11 the the DT 33589 177 12 Romans Romans NNPS 33589 177 13 were be VBD 33589 177 14 or or CC 33589 177 15 were be VBD 33589 177 16 not not RB 33589 177 17 the the DT 33589 177 18 first first JJ 33589 177 19 people people NNS 33589 177 20 of of IN 33589 177 21 Western Western NNP 33589 177 22 Europe Europe NNP 33589 177 23 to to TO 33589 177 24 use use VB 33589 177 25 the the DT 33589 177 26 arch arch NN 33589 177 27 , , , 33589 177 28 they -PRON- PRP 33589 177 29 certainly certainly RB 33589 177 30 took take VBD 33589 177 31 a a DT 33589 177 32 very very RB 33589 177 33 great great JJ 33589 177 34 delight delight NN 33589 177 35 in in IN 33589 177 36 it -PRON- PRP 33589 177 37 , , , 33589 177 38 setting set VBG 33589 177 39 up up RP 33589 177 40 ornately ornately RB 33589 177 41 decorated decorate VBN 33589 177 42 examples example NNS 33589 177 43 of of IN 33589 177 44 it -PRON- PRP 33589 177 45 at at IN 33589 177 46 the the DT 33589 177 47 entrances entrance NNS 33589 177 48 to to IN 33589 177 49 their -PRON- PRP$ 33589 177 50 towns town NNS 33589 177 51 , , , 33589 177 52 their -PRON- PRP$ 33589 177 53 fora fora NN 33589 177 54 , , , 33589 177 55 and and CC 33589 177 56 their -PRON- PRP$ 33589 177 57 bridges bridge NNS 33589 177 58 , , , 33589 177 59 as as RB 33589 177 60 well well RB 33589 177 61 as as IN 33589 177 62 in in IN 33589 177 63 commemoration commemoration NN 33589 177 64 of of IN 33589 177 65 great great JJ 33589 177 66 victories victory NNS 33589 177 67 in in IN 33589 177 68 war war NN 33589 177 69 and and CC 33589 177 70 of of IN 33589 177 71 the the DT 33589 177 72 completion completion NN 33589 177 73 of of IN 33589 177 74 civic civic JJ 33589 177 75 enterprises enterprise NNS 33589 177 76 . . . 33589 178 1 Most most RBS 33589 178 2 remarkable remarkable JJ 33589 178 3 of of IN 33589 178 4 those those DT 33589 178 5 still still RB 33589 178 6 standing stand VBG 33589 178 7 in in IN 33589 178 8 Rome Rome NNP 33589 178 9 are be VBP 33589 178 10 the the DT 33589 178 11 Arch Arch NNP 33589 178 12 of of IN 33589 178 13 Titus Titus NNP 33589 178 14 of of IN 33589 178 15 one one CD 33589 178 16 span span NN 33589 178 17 only only RB 33589 178 18 , , , 33589 178 19 erected erect VBN 33589 178 20 in in IN 33589 178 21 memory memory NN 33589 178 22 of of IN 33589 178 23 the the DT 33589 178 24 destruction destruction NN 33589 178 25 of of IN 33589 178 26 Jerusalem Jerusalem NNP 33589 178 27 by by IN 33589 178 28 the the DT 33589 178 29 Emperor Emperor NNP 33589 178 30 after after IN 33589 178 31 whom whom WP 33589 178 32 it -PRON- PRP 33589 178 33 is be VBZ 33589 178 34 named name VBN 33589 178 35 ; ; : 33589 178 36 the the DT 33589 178 37 triple triple JJ 33589 178 38 - - HYPH 33589 178 39 span span NN 33589 178 40 arch arch NN 33589 178 41 of of IN 33589 178 42 Septimius Septimius NNP 33589 178 43 Severus Severus NNP 33589 178 44 , , , 33589 178 45 and and CC 33589 178 46 the the DT 33589 178 47 smaller small JJR 33589 178 48 one one CD 33589 178 49 of of IN 33589 178 50 Constantine Constantine NNP 33589 178 51 . . . 33589 179 1 Though though IN 33589 179 2 they -PRON- PRP 33589 179 3 were be VBD 33589 179 4 rather rather RB 33589 179 5 triumphs triumph NNS 33589 179 6 of of IN 33589 179 7 engineering engineering NN 33589 179 8 skill skill NN 33589 179 9 than than IN 33589 179 10 works work NNS 33589 179 11 of of IN 33589 179 12 architecture architecture NN 33589 179 13 properly properly RB 33589 179 14 so so RB 33589 179 15 called call VBN 33589 179 16 , , , 33589 179 17 the the DT 33589 179 18 fine fine JJ 33589 179 19 stone stone NN 33589 179 20 built build VBD 33589 179 21 aqueducts aqueduct NNS 33589 179 22 such such JJ 33589 179 23 as as IN 33589 179 24 those those DT 33589 179 25 in in IN 33589 179 26 the the DT 33589 179 27 Campagna Campagna NNP 33589 179 28 of of IN 33589 179 29 Rome Rome NNP 33589 179 30 and and CC 33589 179 31 at at IN 33589 179 32 Nîmes Nîmes NNP 33589 179 33 must must MD 33589 179 34 be be VB 33589 179 35 mentioned mention VBN 33589 179 36 here here RB 33589 179 37 on on IN 33589 179 38 account account NN 33589 179 39 of of IN 33589 179 40 the the DT 33589 179 41 æsthetic æsthetic JJ 33589 179 42 effect effect NN 33589 179 43 of of IN 33589 179 44 the the DT 33589 179 45 long long JJ 33589 179 46 rows row NNS 33589 179 47 of of IN 33589 179 48 lofty lofty JJ 33589 179 49 arches arch NNS 33589 179 50 , , , 33589 179 51 and and CC 33589 179 52 a a DT 33589 179 53 few few JJ 33589 179 54 words word NNS 33589 179 55 must must MD 33589 179 56 also also RB 33589 179 57 be be VB 33589 179 58 said say VBN 33589 179 59 of of IN 33589 179 60 the the DT 33589 179 61 Pillars Pillars NNPS 33589 179 62 of of IN 33589 179 63 Victory Victory NNP 33589 179 64 , , , 33589 179 65 of of IN 33589 179 66 which which WDT 33589 179 67 that that DT 33589 179 68 of of IN 33589 179 69 Trajan Trajan NNP 33589 179 70 at at IN 33589 179 71 Rome Rome NNP 33589 179 72 is be VBZ 33589 179 73 the the DT 33589 179 74 most most RBS 33589 179 75 notable notable JJ 33589 179 76 still still RB 33589 179 77 extant extant JJ 33589 179 78 , , , 33589 179 79 adorned adorn VBN 33589 179 80 as as IN 33589 179 81 it -PRON- PRP 33589 179 82 is be VBZ 33589 179 83 with with IN 33589 179 84 a a DT 33589 179 85 spiral spiral NN 33589 179 86 of of IN 33589 179 87 finely finely RB 33589 179 88 sculptured sculpture VBN 33589 179 89 bas bas NN 33589 179 90 - - HYPH 33589 179 91 reliefs reliefs NNP 33589 179 92 . . . 33589 180 1 In in IN 33589 180 2 the the DT 33589 180 3 early early JJ 33589 180 4 days day NNS 33589 180 5 of of IN 33589 180 6 the the DT 33589 180 7 Roman roman JJ 33589 180 8 power power NN 33589 180 9 it -PRON- PRP 33589 180 10 was be VBD 33589 180 11 customary customary JJ 33589 180 12 to to TO 33589 180 13 cremate cremate VB 33589 180 14 the the DT 33589 180 15 dead dead NN 33589 180 16 , , , 33589 180 17 the the DT 33589 180 18 ashes ashe NNS 33589 180 19 being be VBG 33589 180 20 preserved preserve VBN 33589 180 21 in in IN 33589 180 22 urns urn NNS 33589 180 23 that that WDT 33589 180 24 were be VBD 33589 180 25 ranged range VBN 33589 180 26 in in IN 33589 180 27 cells cell NNS 33589 180 28 known know VBN 33589 180 29 as as IN 33589 180 30 Columbaria Columbaria NNP 33589 180 31 , , , 33589 180 32 generally generally RB 33589 180 33 hewn hew VBN 33589 180 34 in in IN 33589 180 35 the the DT 33589 180 36 living living NN 33589 180 37 rock rock NN 33589 180 38 . . . 33589 181 1 As as IN 33589 181 2 time time NN 33589 181 3 went go VBD 33589 181 4 on on RP 33589 181 5 , , , 33589 181 6 however however RB 33589 181 7 , , , 33589 181 8 the the DT 33589 181 9 Egyptian egyptian JJ 33589 181 10 mode mode NN 33589 181 11 of of IN 33589 181 12 sepulchre sepulchre NNP 33589 181 13 was be VBD 33589 181 14 adopted adopt VBN 33589 181 15 . . . 33589 182 1 Bodies body NNS 33589 182 2 were be VBD 33589 182 3 embalmed embalm VBN 33589 182 4 and and CC 33589 182 5 laid lay VBN 33589 182 6 in in IN 33589 182 7 stone stone NN 33589 182 8 or or CC 33589 182 9 marble marble NN 33589 182 10 coffins coffin NNS 33589 182 11 which which WDT 33589 182 12 were be VBD 33589 182 13 placed place VBN 33589 182 14 in in IN 33589 182 15 the the DT 33589 182 16 basements basement NNS 33589 182 17 of of IN 33589 182 18 tombs tomb NNS 33589 182 19 of of IN 33589 182 20 two two CD 33589 182 21 or or CC 33589 182 22 more more JJR 33589 182 23 stories story NNS 33589 182 24 , , , 33589 182 25 surmounted surmount VBN 33589 182 26 by by IN 33589 182 27 round round JJ 33589 182 28 towers tower NNS 33589 182 29 with with IN 33589 182 30 pointed pointed JJ 33589 182 31 or or CC 33589 182 32 circular circular JJ 33589 182 33 roofs roof NNS 33589 182 34 . . . 33589 183 1 Of of IN 33589 183 2 these these DT 33589 183 3 complex complex JJ 33589 183 4 resting resting NN 33589 183 5 - - HYPH 33589 183 6 places place NNS 33589 183 7 of of IN 33589 183 8 the the DT 33589 183 9 dead dead JJ 33589 183 10 the the DT 33589 183 11 finest fine JJS 33589 183 12 now now RB 33589 183 13 in in IN 33589 183 14 existence existence NN 33589 183 15 is be VBZ 33589 183 16 the the DT 33589 183 17 Mole Mole NNP 33589 183 18 or or CC 33589 183 19 Mausoleum Mausoleum NNP 33589 183 20 of of IN 33589 183 21 Hadrian Hadrian NNP 33589 183 22 , , , 33589 183 23 known know VBN 33589 183 24 as as IN 33589 183 25 the the DT 33589 183 26 Castle Castle NNP 33589 183 27 of of IN 33589 183 28 S. S. NNP 33589 183 29 Angelo Angelo NNP 33589 183 30 , , , 33589 183 31 at at IN 33589 183 32 Rome Rome NNP 33589 183 33 , , , 33589 183 34 which which WDT 33589 183 35 is be VBZ 33589 183 36 some some DT 33589 183 37 300 300 CD 33589 183 38 feet foot NNS 33589 183 39 high high JJ 33589 183 40 and and CC 33589 183 41 was be VBD 33589 183 42 originally originally RB 33589 183 43 encased encase VBN 33589 183 44 in in IN 33589 183 45 marble marble NN 33589 183 46 . . . 33589 184 1 No no DT 33589 184 2 burial burial NN 33589 184 3 was be VBD 33589 184 4 allowed allow VBN 33589 184 5 within within IN 33589 184 6 the the DT 33589 184 7 walls wall NNS 33589 184 8 of of IN 33589 184 9 a a DT 33589 184 10 Roman roman JJ 33589 184 11 city city NN 33589 184 12 , , , 33589 184 13 but but CC 33589 184 14 the the DT 33589 184 15 approaches approach NNS 33589 184 16 were be VBD 33589 184 17 generally generally RB 33589 184 18 lined line VBN 33589 184 19 with with IN 33589 184 20 tombs tomb NNS 33589 184 21 as as IN 33589 184 22 at at IN 33589 184 23 Rome Rome NNP 33589 184 24 , , , 33589 184 25 at at IN 33589 184 26 Pompeii Pompeii NNP 33589 184 27 , , , 33589 184 28 and and CC 33589 184 29 elsewhere elsewhere RB 33589 184 30 , , , 33589 184 31 most most JJS 33589 184 32 of of IN 33589 184 33 them -PRON- PRP 33589 184 34 , , , 33589 184 35 though though IN 33589 184 36 on on IN 33589 184 37 a a DT 33589 184 38 smaller small JJR 33589 184 39 scale scale NN 33589 184 40 , , , 33589 184 41 of of IN 33589 184 42 a a DT 33589 184 43 similar similar JJ 33589 184 44 plan plan NN 33589 184 45 to to IN 33589 184 46 that that DT 33589 184 47 of of IN 33589 184 48 Hadrian Hadrian NNP 33589 184 49 . . . 33589 185 1 CHAPTER CHAPTER NNP 33589 185 2 IV IV NNP 33589 185 3 EARLY EARLY NNP 33589 185 4 CHRISTIAN CHRISTIAN NNP 33589 185 5 ARCHITECTURE ARCHITECTURE NNP 33589 185 6 It -PRON- PRP 33589 185 7 was be VBD 33589 185 8 in in IN 33589 185 9 the the DT 33589 185 10 low low JJ 33589 185 11 , , , 33589 185 12 gloomy gloomy JJ 33589 185 13 , , , 33589 185 14 dimly dimly RB 33589 185 15 lighted light VBN 33589 185 16 subterranean subterranean JJ 33589 185 17 galleries gallery NNS 33589 185 18 known know VBN 33589 185 19 as as IN 33589 185 20 catacombs catacombs NNP 33589 185 21 , , , 33589 185 22 hewn hew VBN 33589 185 23 in in IN 33589 185 24 the the DT 33589 185 25 living live VBG 33589 185 26 rock rock NN 33589 185 27 near near IN 33589 185 28 Rome Rome NNP 33589 185 29 , , , 33589 185 30 that that IN 33589 185 31 Christian christian JJ 33589 185 32 architecture architecture NN 33589 185 33 may may MD 33589 185 34 be be VB 33589 185 35 said say VBN 33589 185 36 to to TO 33589 185 37 have have VB 33589 185 38 had have VBN 33589 185 39 its -PRON- PRP$ 33589 185 40 first first JJ 33589 185 41 crude crude JJ 33589 185 42 beginnings beginning NNS 33589 185 43 . . . 33589 186 1 The the DT 33589 186 2 passages passage NNS 33589 186 3 in in IN 33589 186 4 the the DT 33589 186 5 walls wall NNS 33589 186 6 of of IN 33589 186 7 which which WDT 33589 186 8 the the DT 33589 186 9 graves grave NNS 33589 186 10 of of IN 33589 186 11 the the DT 33589 186 12 dead dead JJ 33589 186 13 were be VBD 33589 186 14 hollowed hollow VBN 33589 186 15 out out RP 33589 186 16 , , , 33589 186 17 widened widen VBD 33589 186 18 at at IN 33589 186 19 intervals interval NNS 33589 186 20 into into IN 33589 186 21 spacious spacious JJ 33589 186 22 vaulted vault VBN 33589 186 23 halls hall NNS 33589 186 24 , , , 33589 186 25 where where WRB 33589 186 26 the the DT 33589 186 27 persecuted persecute VBN 33589 186 28 followers follower NNS 33589 186 29 of of IN 33589 186 30 the the DT 33589 186 31 crucified crucify VBN 33589 186 32 Redeemer Redeemer NNP 33589 186 33 met meet VBD 33589 186 34 in in IN 33589 186 35 secret secret NN 33589 186 36 for for IN 33589 186 37 worship worship NN 33589 186 38 or or CC 33589 186 39 to to TO 33589 186 40 take take VB 33589 186 41 part part NN 33589 186 42 in in IN 33589 186 43 the the DT 33589 186 44 funeral funeral NN 33589 186 45 services service NNS 33589 186 46 for for IN 33589 186 47 those those DT 33589 186 48 they -PRON- PRP 33589 186 49 had have VBD 33589 186 50 lost lose VBN 33589 186 51 . . . 33589 187 1 It -PRON- PRP 33589 187 2 was be VBD 33589 187 3 long long RB 33589 187 4 taken take VBN 33589 187 5 for for IN 33589 187 6 granted grant VBN 33589 187 7 that that IN 33589 187 8 it -PRON- PRP 33589 187 9 was be VBD 33589 187 10 not not RB 33589 187 11 until until IN 33589 187 12 the the DT 33589 187 13 first first JJ 33589 187 14 issue issue NN 33589 187 15 in in IN 33589 187 16 A.D. A.D. NNP 33589 187 17 313 313 CD 33589 187 18 of of IN 33589 187 19 the the DT 33589 187 20 Edict Edict NNP 33589 187 21 of of IN 33589 187 22 Milan Milan NNP 33589 187 23 by by IN 33589 187 24 Constantine Constantine NNP 33589 187 25 , , , 33589 187 26 Emperor Emperor NNP 33589 187 27 of of IN 33589 187 28 the the DT 33589 187 29 West West NNP 33589 187 30 , , , 33589 187 31 and and CC 33589 187 32 Licinius Licinius NNP 33589 187 33 , , , 33589 187 34 Emperor Emperor NNP 33589 187 35 of of IN 33589 187 36 the the DT 33589 187 37 East East NNP 33589 187 38 , , , 33589 187 39 that that IN 33589 187 40 the the DT 33589 187 41 professors professor NNS 33589 187 42 of of IN 33589 187 43 the the DT 33589 187 44 new new JJ 33589 187 45 faith faith NN 33589 187 46 ventured venture VBD 33589 187 47 to to TO 33589 187 48 erect erect VB 33589 187 49 above above IN 33589 187 50 ground ground NN 33589 187 51 buildings building NNS 33589 187 52 for for IN 33589 187 53 the the DT 33589 187 54 exercise exercise NN 33589 187 55 of of IN 33589 187 56 the the DT 33589 187 57 rites rite NNS 33589 187 58 of of IN 33589 187 59 their -PRON- PRP$ 33589 187 60 religion religion NN 33589 187 61 , , , 33589 187 62 but but CC 33589 187 63 recent recent JJ 33589 187 64 discoveries discovery NNS 33589 187 65 prove prove VBP 33589 187 66 that that IN 33589 187 67 Christian christian JJ 33589 187 68 churches church NNS 33589 187 69 were be VBD 33589 187 70 built build VBN 33589 187 71 as as RB 33589 187 72 early early RB 33589 187 73 as as IN 33589 187 74 the the DT 33589 187 75 3rd 3rd JJ 33589 187 76 century century NN 33589 187 77 in in IN 33589 187 78 many many JJ 33589 187 79 parts part NNS 33589 187 80 of of IN 33589 187 81 the the DT 33589 187 82 Roman roman JJ 33589 187 83 empire empire NN 33589 187 84 . . . 33589 188 1 To to TO 33589 188 2 quote quote VB 33589 188 3 but but CC 33589 188 4 two two CD 33589 188 5 cases case NNS 33589 188 6 in in IN 33589 188 7 point point NN 33589 188 8 , , , 33589 188 9 relics relic NNS 33589 188 10 of of IN 33589 188 11 a a DT 33589 188 12 circular circular JJ 33589 188 13 one one NN 33589 188 14 with with IN 33589 188 15 a a DT 33589 188 16 small small JJ 33589 188 17 apse apse NN 33589 188 18 at at IN 33589 188 19 the the DT 33589 188 20 eastern eastern JJ 33589 188 21 end end NN 33589 188 22 have have VBP 33589 188 23 been be VBN 33589 188 24 found find VBN 33589 188 25 at at IN 33589 188 26 Antepellius Antepellius NNP 33589 188 27 in in IN 33589 188 28 Asia Asia NNP 33589 188 29 Minor Minor NNP 33589 188 30 , , , 33589 188 31 and and CC 33589 188 32 of of IN 33589 188 33 one one CD 33589 188 34 of of IN 33589 188 35 the the DT 33589 188 36 basilican basilican JJ 33589 188 37 type type NN 33589 188 38 at at IN 33589 188 39 Silchester Silchester NNP 33589 188 40 in in IN 33589 188 41 England England NNP 33589 188 42 . . . 33589 189 1 Moreover moreover RB 33589 189 2 , , , 33589 189 3 heathen heathen NN 33589 189 4 temples temple NNS 33589 189 5 were be VBD 33589 189 6 occasionally occasionally RB 33589 189 7 converted convert VBN 33589 189 8 into into IN 33589 189 9 churches church NNS 33589 189 10 , , , 33589 189 11 whilst whilst IN 33589 189 12 basilicas basilica NNS 33589 189 13 were be VBD 33589 189 14 sometimes sometimes RB 33589 189 15 used use VBN 33589 189 16 for for IN 33589 189 17 Christian christian JJ 33589 189 18 services service NNS 33589 189 19 just just RB 33589 189 20 as as IN 33589 189 21 they -PRON- PRP 33589 189 22 were be VBD 33589 189 23 . . . 33589 190 1 [ [ -LRB- 33589 190 2 Illustration illustration NN 33589 190 3 : : : 33589 190 4 Plan plan NN 33589 190 5 of of IN 33589 190 6 a a DT 33589 190 7 Basilica Basilica NNP 33589 190 8 ] ] -RRB- 33589 190 9 Some some DT 33589 190 10 few few JJ 33589 190 11 early early JJ 33589 190 12 Christian christian JJ 33589 190 13 churches church NNS 33589 190 14 were be VBD 33589 190 15 possibly possibly RB 33589 190 16 modelled model VBN 33589 190 17 on on IN 33589 190 18 classic classic JJ 33589 190 19 tombs tomb NNS 33589 190 20 such such JJ 33589 190 21 as as IN 33589 190 22 those those DT 33589 190 23 referred refer VBN 33589 190 24 to to IN 33589 190 25 in in IN 33589 190 26 the the DT 33589 190 27 chapter chapter NN 33589 190 28 on on IN 33589 190 29 Roman roman JJ 33589 190 30 architecture architecture NN 33589 190 31 , , , 33589 190 32 but but CC 33589 190 33 the the DT 33589 190 34 more more RBR 33589 190 35 usual usual JJ 33589 190 36 form form NN 33589 190 37 was be VBD 33589 190 38 the the DT 33589 190 39 basilican basilican NNP 33589 190 40 , , , 33589 190 41 the the DT 33589 190 42 altar altar NN 33589 190 43 having have VBG 33589 190 44 been be VBN 33589 190 45 placed place VBN 33589 190 46 on on IN 33589 190 47 the the DT 33589 190 48 raised raise VBN 33589 190 49 platform platform NN 33589 190 50 within within IN 33589 190 51 the the DT 33589 190 52 semicircular semicircular JJ 33589 190 53 apse apse NN 33589 190 54 at at IN 33589 190 55 the the DT 33589 190 56 eastern eastern JJ 33589 190 57 end end NN 33589 190 58 , , , 33589 190 59 the the DT 33589 190 60 bishops bishop NNS 33589 190 61 and and CC 33589 190 62 clergy clergy NNP 33589 190 63 occupying occupy VBG 33589 190 64 the the DT 33589 190 65 seats seat NNS 33589 190 66 assigned assign VBN 33589 190 67 in in IN 33589 190 68 halls hall NNS 33589 190 69 of of IN 33589 190 70 justice justice NN 33589 190 71 to to IN 33589 190 72 the the DT 33589 190 73 prætor prætor NN 33589 190 74 and and CC 33589 190 75 his -PRON- PRP$ 33589 190 76 assessors assessor NNS 33589 190 77 , , , 33589 190 78 whilst whilst IN 33589 190 79 the the DT 33589 190 80 congregation congregation NN 33589 190 81 met meet VBD 33589 190 82 in in IN 33589 190 83 the the DT 33589 190 84 nave nave NN 33589 190 85 and and CC 33589 190 86 aisles aisle NNS 33589 190 87 . . . 33589 191 1 Ere Ere NNP 33589 191 2 long long RB 33589 191 3 , , , 33589 191 4 however however RB 33589 191 5 , , , 33589 191 6 to to IN 33589 191 7 this this DT 33589 191 8 general general JJ 33589 191 9 plan plan NN 33589 191 10 was be VBD 33589 191 11 added add VBN 33589 191 12 the the DT 33589 191 13 distinctive distinctive JJ 33589 191 14 feature feature NN 33589 191 15 of of IN 33589 191 16 transepts transept NNS 33589 191 17 or or CC 33589 191 18 transverse transverse JJ 33589 191 19 passages passage NNS 33589 191 20 running run VBG 33589 191 21 across across IN 33589 191 22 the the DT 33589 191 23 entrance entrance NN 33589 191 24 to to IN 33589 191 25 the the DT 33589 191 26 apse apse NN 33589 191 27 , , , 33589 191 28 thus thus RB 33589 191 29 giving give VBG 33589 191 30 to to IN 33589 191 31 the the DT 33589 191 32 whole whole JJ 33589 191 33 building building NN 33589 191 34 the the DT 33589 191 35 form form NN 33589 191 36 of of IN 33589 191 37 a a DT 33589 191 38 cross cross NN 33589 191 39 . . . 33589 192 1 Later later JJ 33589 192 2 structural structural JJ 33589 192 3 changes change NNS 33589 192 4 were be VBD 33589 192 5 the the DT 33589 192 6 erection erection NN 33589 192 7 of of IN 33589 192 8 an an DT 33589 192 9 arch arch NN 33589 192 10 above above IN 33589 192 11 the the DT 33589 192 12 altar altar NN 33589 192 13 , , , 33589 192 14 the the DT 33589 192 15 heightening heightening NN 33589 192 16 of of IN 33589 192 17 the the DT 33589 192 18 nave nave NN 33589 192 19 , , , 33589 192 20 the the DT 33589 192 21 connecting connecting NN 33589 192 22 of of IN 33589 192 23 the the DT 33589 192 24 columns column NNS 33589 192 25 between between IN 33589 192 26 the the DT 33589 192 27 nave nave NN 33589 192 28 and and CC 33589 192 29 aisles aisle NNS 33589 192 30 by by IN 33589 192 31 arches arch NNS 33589 192 32 instead instead RB 33589 192 33 of of IN 33589 192 34 horizontal horizontal JJ 33589 192 35 architraves architrave NNS 33589 192 36 , , , 33589 192 37 the the DT 33589 192 38 introduction introduction NN 33589 192 39 of of IN 33589 192 40 windows window NNS 33589 192 41 , , , 33589 192 42 to to TO 33589 192 43 which which WDT 33589 192 44 the the DT 33589 192 45 collective collective JJ 33589 192 46 name name NN 33589 192 47 of of IN 33589 192 48 the the DT 33589 192 49 clerestory clerestory NN 33589 192 50 or or CC 33589 192 51 the the DT 33589 192 52 clear clear JJ 33589 192 53 - - HYPH 33589 192 54 story story NN 33589 192 55 was be VBD 33589 192 56 given give VBN 33589 192 57 , , , 33589 192 58 in in IN 33589 192 59 the the DT 33589 192 60 semicircular semicircular JJ 33589 192 61 heads head NNS 33589 192 62 of of IN 33589 192 63 the the DT 33589 192 64 arches arch NNS 33589 192 65 and and CC 33589 192 66 more more RBR 33589 192 67 rarely rarely RB 33589 192 68 into into IN 33589 192 69 the the DT 33589 192 70 upper upper JJ 33589 192 71 part part NN 33589 192 72 of of IN 33589 192 73 the the DT 33589 192 74 low low JJ 33589 192 75 external external JJ 33589 192 76 walls wall NNS 33589 192 77 of of IN 33589 192 78 the the DT 33589 192 79 aisles aisle NNS 33589 192 80 , , , 33589 192 81 the the DT 33589 192 82 apse apse NN 33589 192 83 , , , 33589 192 84 which which WDT 33589 192 85 was be VBD 33589 192 86 gradually gradually RB 33589 192 87 lengthened lengthen VBN 33589 192 88 eastwards eastward NNS 33589 192 89 , , , 33589 192 90 being be VBG 33589 192 91 left leave VBN 33589 192 92 comparatively comparatively RB 33589 192 93 dark dark JJ 33589 192 94 , , , 33589 192 95 the the DT 33589 192 96 only only JJ 33589 192 97 light light NN 33589 192 98 proceeding proceed VBG 33589 192 99 from from IN 33589 192 100 the the DT 33589 192 101 main main JJ 33589 192 102 body body NN 33589 192 103 of of IN 33589 192 104 the the DT 33589 192 105 church church NN 33589 192 106 . . . 33589 193 1 Simultaneously simultaneously RB 33589 193 2 with with IN 33589 193 3 or or CC 33589 193 4 in in IN 33589 193 5 some some DT 33589 193 6 cases case NNS 33589 193 7 earlier early RBR 33589 193 8 than than IN 33589 193 9 these these DT 33589 193 10 alterations alteration NNS 33589 193 11 , , , 33589 193 12 a a DT 33589 193 13 portico portico NN 33589 193 14 known know VBN 33589 193 15 as as IN 33589 193 16 the the DT 33589 193 17 narthex narthex NN 33589 193 18 was be VBD 33589 193 19 added add VBN 33589 193 20 at at IN 33589 193 21 the the DT 33589 193 22 western western JJ 33589 193 23 end end NN 33589 193 24 , , , 33589 193 25 extending extend VBG 33589 193 26 across across IN 33589 193 27 the the DT 33589 193 28 whole whole JJ 33589 193 29 width width NN 33589 193 30 of of IN 33589 193 31 the the DT 33589 193 32 nave nave NN 33589 193 33 and and CC 33589 193 34 aisles aisles NNP 33589 193 35 , , , 33589 193 36 for for IN 33589 193 37 the the DT 33589 193 38 use use NN 33589 193 39 of of IN 33589 193 40 those those DT 33589 193 41 , , , 33589 193 42 such such JJ 33589 193 43 as as IN 33589 193 44 catechumens catechumen NNS 33589 193 45 or or CC 33589 193 46 penitents penitent NNS 33589 193 47 , , , 33589 193 48 who who WP 33589 193 49 were be VBD 33589 193 50 not not RB 33589 193 51 privileged privileged JJ 33589 193 52 to to TO 33589 193 53 enter enter VB 33589 193 54 the the DT 33589 193 55 church church NN 33589 193 56 itself -PRON- PRP 33589 193 57 . . . 33589 194 1 The the DT 33589 194 2 narthex narthex NN 33589 194 3 in in IN 33589 194 4 its -PRON- PRP$ 33589 194 5 turn turn NN 33589 194 6 was be VBD 33589 194 7 set set VBN 33589 194 8 within within IN 33589 194 9 an an DT 33589 194 10 atrium atrium NN 33589 194 11 or or CC 33589 194 12 outer outer NN 33589 194 13 colonnaded colonnade VBN 33589 194 14 court court NN 33589 194 15 , , , 33589 194 16 in in IN 33589 194 17 the the DT 33589 194 18 centre centre NN 33589 194 19 of of IN 33589 194 20 which which WDT 33589 194 21 was be VBD 33589 194 22 a a DT 33589 194 23 fountain fountain NN 33589 194 24 , , , 33589 194 25 used use VBN 33589 194 26 by by IN 33589 194 27 worshippers worshipper NNS 33589 194 28 for for IN 33589 194 29 ablutions ablution NNS 33589 194 30 before before IN 33589 194 31 entering enter VBG 33589 194 32 the the DT 33589 194 33 consecrated consecrate VBN 33589 194 34 building building NN 33589 194 35 . . . 33589 195 1 A a DT 33589 195 2 minor minor JJ 33589 195 3 characteristic characteristic NN 33589 195 4 of of IN 33589 195 5 early early JJ 33589 195 6 Christian christian JJ 33589 195 7 churches church NNS 33589 195 8 was be VBD 33589 195 9 the the DT 33589 195 10 richness richness NN 33589 195 11 of of IN 33589 195 12 the the DT 33589 195 13 internal internal JJ 33589 195 14 decoration decoration NN 33589 195 15 , , , 33589 195 16 mosaics mosaic NNS 33589 195 17 that that DT 33589 195 18 is be VBZ 33589 195 19 to to TO 33589 195 20 say say VB 33589 195 21 , , , 33589 195 22 patterns pattern NNS 33589 195 23 or or CC 33589 195 24 pictures picture NNS 33589 195 25 made make VBN 33589 195 26 of of IN 33589 195 27 many many JJ 33589 195 28 coloured coloured JJ 33589 195 29 pieces piece NNS 33589 195 30 of of IN 33589 195 31 glass glass NN 33589 195 32 or or CC 33589 195 33 stone stone NN 33589 195 34 , , , 33589 195 35 combined combine VBN 33589 195 36 in in IN 33589 195 37 certain certain JJ 33589 195 38 examples example NNS 33589 195 39 with with IN 33589 195 40 marble marble NN 33589 195 41 carvings carving NNS 33589 195 42 and and CC 33589 195 43 gilding gilding NN 33589 195 44 , , , 33589 195 45 adorned adorn VBD 33589 195 46 the the DT 33589 195 47 vaulting vaulting NN 33589 195 48 , , , 33589 195 49 the the DT 33589 195 50 wall wall NN 33589 195 51 , , , 33589 195 52 and and CC 33589 195 53 even even RB 33589 195 54 the the DT 33589 195 55 floor floor NN 33589 195 56 , , , 33589 195 57 a a DT 33589 195 58 kind kind NN 33589 195 59 of of IN 33589 195 60 mosaic mosaic JJ 33589 195 61 known know VBN 33589 195 62 as as IN 33589 195 63 the the DT 33589 195 64 _ _ NNP 33589 195 65 opus opus NN 33589 195 66 alexandrinum alexandrinum NN 33589 195 67 _ _ NNP 33589 195 68 being be VBG 33589 195 69 generally generally RB 33589 195 70 used use VBN 33589 195 71 for for IN 33589 195 72 the the DT 33589 195 73 last last JJ 33589 195 74 , , , 33589 195 75 the the DT 33589 195 76 whole whole NN 33589 195 77 producing produce VBG 33589 195 78 a a DT 33589 195 79 very very RB 33589 195 80 gorgeous gorgeous JJ 33589 195 81 but but CC 33589 195 82 harmonious harmonious JJ 33589 195 83 effect effect NN 33589 195 84 . . . 33589 196 1 One one CD 33589 196 2 of of IN 33589 196 3 the the DT 33589 196 4 most most RBS 33589 196 5 interesting interesting JJ 33589 196 6 existing exist VBG 33589 196 7 early early JJ 33589 196 8 Christian christian JJ 33589 196 9 churches church NNS 33589 196 10 , , , 33589 196 11 that that WDT 33589 196 12 remains remain VBZ 33589 196 13 very very RB 33589 196 14 much much RB 33589 196 15 what what WP 33589 196 16 it -PRON- PRP 33589 196 17 was be VBD 33589 196 18 when when WRB 33589 196 19 first first RB 33589 196 20 completed complete VBN 33589 196 21 , , , 33589 196 22 is be VBZ 33589 196 23 that that DT 33589 196 24 of of IN 33589 196 25 the the DT 33589 196 26 Nativity Nativity NNP 33589 196 27 at at IN 33589 196 28 Bethlehem Bethlehem NNP 33589 196 29 , , , 33589 196 30 built build VBN 33589 196 31 in in IN 33589 196 32 A.D. A.D. NNP 33589 196 33 327 327 CD 33589 196 34 by by IN 33589 196 35 the the DT 33589 196 36 Empress Empress NNP 33589 196 37 Helena Helena NNP 33589 196 38 when when WRB 33589 196 39 on on IN 33589 196 40 her -PRON- PRP$ 33589 196 41 quest quest NN 33589 196 42 for for IN 33589 196 43 the the DT 33589 196 44 True True NNP 33589 196 45 Cross Cross NNP 33589 196 46 , , , 33589 196 47 with with IN 33589 196 48 the the DT 33589 196 49 Convent Convent NNP 33589 196 50 to to TO 33589 196 51 which which WDT 33589 196 52 it -PRON- PRP 33589 196 53 originally originally RB 33589 196 54 belonged belong VBD 33589 196 55 , , , 33589 196 56 that that WDT 33589 196 57 was be VBD 33589 196 58 destroyed destroy VBN 33589 196 59 by by IN 33589 196 60 the the DT 33589 196 61 Turks Turks NNPS 33589 196 62 in in IN 33589 196 63 1236 1236 CD 33589 196 64 and and CC 33589 196 65 later later RB 33589 196 66 restored restore VBN 33589 196 67 by by IN 33589 196 68 the the DT 33589 196 69 Crusaders Crusaders NNPS 33589 196 70 . . . 33589 197 1 The the DT 33589 197 2 Church Church NNP 33589 197 3 of of IN 33589 197 4 the the DT 33589 197 5 Nativity Nativity NNP 33589 197 6 rises rise VBZ 33589 197 7 above above IN 33589 197 8 a a DT 33589 197 9 natural natural JJ 33589 197 10 cave cave NN 33589 197 11 now now RB 33589 197 12 converted convert VBN 33589 197 13 into into IN 33589 197 14 a a DT 33589 197 15 crypt crypt NN 33589 197 16 or or CC 33589 197 17 vaulted vault VBN 33589 197 18 subterranean subterranean JJ 33589 197 19 chamber chamber NN 33589 197 20 . . . 33589 198 1 It -PRON- PRP 33589 198 2 is be VBZ 33589 198 3 of of IN 33589 198 4 cruciform cruciform NN 33589 198 5 plan plan NN 33589 198 6 , , , 33589 198 7 and and CC 33589 198 8 though though IN 33589 198 9 its -PRON- PRP$ 33589 198 10 unpretending unpretende VBG 33589 198 11 exterior exterior NN 33589 198 12 is be VBZ 33589 198 13 of of IN 33589 198 14 brick brick NN 33589 198 15 , , , 33589 198 16 the the DT 33589 198 17 interior interior NNP 33589 198 18 has have VBZ 33589 198 19 four four CD 33589 198 20 rows row NNS 33589 198 21 of of IN 33589 198 22 massive massive JJ 33589 198 23 stone stone NN 33589 198 24 pillars pillar NNS 33589 198 25 dividing divide VBG 33589 198 26 the the DT 33589 198 27 nave nave NN 33589 198 28 from from IN 33589 198 29 the the DT 33589 198 30 aisles aisle NNS 33589 198 31 , , , 33589 198 32 which which WDT 33589 198 33 as as RB 33589 198 34 well well RB 33589 198 35 as as IN 33589 198 36 the the DT 33589 198 37 choir choir NN 33589 198 38 at at IN 33589 198 39 the the DT 33589 198 40 eastern eastern JJ 33589 198 41 end end NN 33589 198 42 have have VBP 33589 198 43 semicircular semicircular JJ 33589 198 44 apses apse NNS 33589 198 45 . . . 33589 199 1 Contemporary contemporary JJ 33589 199 2 with with IN 33589 199 3 this this DT 33589 199 4 humble humble JJ 33589 199 5 building building NN 33589 199 6 , , , 33589 199 7 that that WDT 33589 199 8 is be VBZ 33589 199 9 closely closely RB 33589 199 10 associated associate VBN 33589 199 11 with with IN 33589 199 12 all all PDT 33589 199 13 the the DT 33589 199 14 most most RBS 33589 199 15 sacred sacred JJ 33589 199 16 memories memory NNS 33589 199 17 of of IN 33589 199 18 the the DT 33589 199 19 early early JJ 33589 199 20 Church Church NNP 33589 199 21 , , , 33589 199 22 were be VBD 33589 199 23 the the DT 33589 199 24 vast vast JJ 33589 199 25 basilican basilican JJ 33589 199 26 places place NNS 33589 199 27 of of IN 33589 199 28 worship worship NN 33589 199 29 erected erect VBN 33589 199 30 at at IN 33589 199 31 Rome Rome NNP 33589 199 32 by by IN 33589 199 33 Constantine Constantine NNP 33589 199 34 and and CC 33589 199 35 his -PRON- PRP$ 33589 199 36 immediate immediate JJ 33589 199 37 successors successor NNS 33589 199 38 , , , 33589 199 39 which which WDT 33589 199 40 have have VBP 33589 199 41 unfortunately unfortunately RB 33589 199 42 been be VBN 33589 199 43 either either CC 33589 199 44 destroyed destroy VBN 33589 199 45 or or CC 33589 199 46 so so RB 33589 199 47 much much RB 33589 199 48 modified modify VBN 33589 199 49 as as IN 33589 199 50 to to TO 33589 199 51 retain retain VB 33589 199 52 little little JJ 33589 199 53 of of IN 33589 199 54 their -PRON- PRP$ 33589 199 55 distinctive distinctive JJ 33589 199 56 character character NN 33589 199 57 . . . 33589 200 1 The the DT 33589 200 2 Cathedral Cathedral NNP 33589 200 3 of of IN 33589 200 4 S. S. NNP 33589 200 5 Peter Peter NNP 33589 200 6 occupies occupy VBZ 33589 200 7 the the DT 33589 200 8 site site NN 33589 200 9 of of IN 33589 200 10 one one CD 33589 200 11 of of IN 33589 200 12 them -PRON- PRP 33589 200 13 , , , 33589 200 14 which which WDT 33589 200 15 had have VBD 33589 200 16 five five CD 33589 200 17 aisles aisle NNS 33589 200 18 , , , 33589 200 19 a a DT 33589 200 20 nave nave NN 33589 200 21 80 80 CD 33589 200 22 feet foot NNS 33589 200 23 wide wide JJ 33589 200 24 , , , 33589 200 25 a a DT 33589 200 26 comparatively comparatively RB 33589 200 27 small small JJ 33589 200 28 apse apse NN 33589 200 29 , , , 33589 200 30 and and CC 33589 200 31 a a DT 33589 200 32 noble noble JJ 33589 200 33 atrium atrium NN 33589 200 34 ; ; : 33589 200 35 the the DT 33589 200 36 Church Church NNP 33589 200 37 of of IN 33589 200 38 S. S. NNP 33589 200 39 Giovanni Giovanni NNP 33589 200 40 in in IN 33589 200 41 Laterano Laterano NNP 33589 200 42 retains retain NNS 33589 200 43 but but CC 33589 200 44 a a DT 33589 200 45 few few JJ 33589 200 46 details detail NNS 33589 200 47 of of IN 33589 200 48 its -PRON- PRP$ 33589 200 49 predecessor predecessor NN 33589 200 50 of of IN 33589 200 51 the the DT 33589 200 52 same same JJ 33589 200 53 name name NN 33589 200 54 , , , 33589 200 55 but but CC 33589 200 56 that that DT 33589 200 57 of of IN 33589 200 58 S. S. NNP 33589 200 59 Paolo Paolo NNP 33589 200 60 fuori fuori NN 33589 200 61 le le NNP 33589 200 62 Mura Mura NNP 33589 200 63 or or CC 33589 200 64 St. St. NNP 33589 200 65 Paul Paul NNP 33589 200 66 without without IN 33589 200 67 the the DT 33589 200 68 walls wall NNS 33589 200 69 , , , 33589 200 70 built build VBN 33589 200 71 by by IN 33589 200 72 Theodosius Theodosius NNP 33589 200 73 in in IN 33589 200 74 386 386 CD 33589 200 75 , , , 33589 200 76 is be VBZ 33589 200 77 supposed suppose VBN 33589 200 78 to to TO 33589 200 79 be be VB 33589 200 80 a a DT 33589 200 81 true true JJ 33589 200 82 copy copy NN 33589 200 83 , , , 33589 200 84 so so RB 33589 200 85 far far RB 33589 200 86 as as IN 33589 200 87 structure structure NN 33589 200 88 is be VBZ 33589 200 89 concerned concern VBN 33589 200 90 , , , 33589 200 91 of of IN 33589 200 92 the the DT 33589 200 93 grand grand NNP 33589 200 94 basilica basilica NNP 33589 200 95 destroyed destroy VBN 33589 200 96 by by IN 33589 200 97 fire fire NN 33589 200 98 in in IN 33589 200 99 1823 1823 CD 33589 200 100 . . . 33589 201 1 It -PRON- PRP 33589 201 2 has have VBZ 33589 201 3 a a DT 33589 201 4 nave nave JJ 33589 201 5 280 280 CD 33589 201 6 feet foot NNS 33589 201 7 long long JJ 33589 201 8 by by IN 33589 201 9 78 78 CD 33589 201 10 wide wide JJ 33589 201 11 , , , 33589 201 12 and and CC 33589 201 13 the the DT 33589 201 14 whole whole JJ 33589 201 15 building building NN 33589 201 16 is be VBZ 33589 201 17 400 400 CD 33589 201 18 feet foot NNS 33589 201 19 in in IN 33589 201 20 length length NN 33589 201 21 by by IN 33589 201 22 200 200 CD 33589 201 23 wide wide RB 33589 201 24 . . . 33589 202 1 A a DT 33589 202 2 noble noble JJ 33589 202 3 arch arch NN 33589 202 4 spans span NNS 33589 202 5 the the DT 33589 202 6 intersection intersection NN 33589 202 7 of of IN 33589 202 8 the the DT 33589 202 9 transepts transept NNS 33589 202 10 , , , 33589 202 11 and and CC 33589 202 12 lofty lofty JJ 33589 202 13 columns column NNS 33589 202 14 with with IN 33589 202 15 richly richly RB 33589 202 16 carved carve VBN 33589 202 17 capitals capital NNS 33589 202 18 divide divide VBP 33589 202 19 the the DT 33589 202 20 nave nave NN 33589 202 21 from from IN 33589 202 22 the the DT 33589 202 23 aisles aisle NNS 33589 202 24 and and CC 33589 202 25 the the DT 33589 202 26 latter latter JJ 33589 202 27 , , , 33589 202 28 of of IN 33589 202 29 which which WDT 33589 202 30 there there EX 33589 202 31 are be VBP 33589 202 32 five five CD 33589 202 33 , , , 33589 202 34 from from IN 33589 202 35 each each DT 33589 202 36 other other JJ 33589 202 37 , , , 33589 202 38 but but CC 33589 202 39 the the DT 33589 202 40 roof roof NN 33589 202 41 is be VBZ 33589 202 42 only only RB 33589 202 43 a a DT 33589 202 44 flat flat JJ 33589 202 45 wooden wooden JJ 33589 202 46 one one NN 33589 202 47 , , , 33589 202 48 the the DT 33589 202 49 external external JJ 33589 202 50 walls wall NNS 33589 202 51 are be VBP 33589 202 52 wanting want VBG 33589 202 53 in in IN 33589 202 54 dignity dignity NN 33589 202 55 and and CC 33589 202 56 solidity solidity NN 33589 202 57 , , , 33589 202 58 whilst whilst IN 33589 202 59 the the DT 33589 202 60 height height NN 33589 202 61 , , , 33589 202 62 100 100 CD 33589 202 63 feet foot NNS 33589 202 64 only only RB 33589 202 65 , , , 33589 202 66 is be VBZ 33589 202 67 quite quite RB 33589 202 68 out out IN 33589 202 69 of of IN 33589 202 70 proportion proportion NN 33589 202 71 with with IN 33589 202 72 the the DT 33589 202 73 otherwise otherwise RB 33589 202 74 noble noble JJ 33589 202 75 dimensions dimension NNS 33589 202 76 . . . 33589 203 1 Another another DT 33589 203 2 very very RB 33589 203 3 fine fine JJ 33589 203 4 early early JJ 33589 203 5 basilican basilican JJ 33589 203 6 church church NN 33589 203 7 in in IN 33589 203 8 Rome Rome NNP 33589 203 9 is be VBZ 33589 203 10 that that DT 33589 203 11 of of IN 33589 203 12 S. S. NNP 33589 203 13 Maria Maria NNP 33589 203 14 Maggiore Maggiore NNP 33589 203 15 , , , 33589 203 16 occupying occupy VBG 33589 203 17 the the DT 33589 203 18 site site NN 33589 203 19 of of IN 33589 203 20 a a DT 33589 203 21 5th 5th JJ 33589 203 22 century century NN 33589 203 23 building building NN 33589 203 24 , , , 33589 203 25 some some DT 33589 203 26 of of IN 33589 203 27 the the DT 33589 203 28 marble marble NN 33589 203 29 columns column NNS 33589 203 30 of of IN 33589 203 31 which which WDT 33589 203 32 with with IN 33589 203 33 Ionic ionic JJ 33589 203 34 capitals capital NNS 33589 203 35 have have VBP 33589 203 36 been be VBN 33589 203 37 incorporated incorporate VBN 33589 203 38 in in IN 33589 203 39 the the DT 33589 203 40 later later JJ 33589 203 41 structure structure NN 33589 203 42 . . . 33589 204 1 The the DT 33589 204 2 Churches Churches NNPS 33589 204 3 of of IN 33589 204 4 S. S. NNP 33589 204 5 Agnese Agnese NNP 33589 204 6 and and CC 33589 204 7 S. S. NNP 33589 204 8 Lorenzo Lorenzo NNP 33589 204 9 are be VBP 33589 204 10 also also RB 33589 204 11 of of IN 33589 204 12 basilican basilican JJ 33589 204 13 plan plan NN 33589 204 14 , , , 33589 204 15 and and CC 33589 204 16 have have VBP 33589 204 17 both both CC 33589 204 18 the the DT 33589 204 19 somewhat somewhat RB 33589 204 20 rare rare JJ 33589 204 21 feature feature NN 33589 204 22 of of IN 33589 204 23 galleries gallery NNS 33589 204 24 over over IN 33589 204 25 the the DT 33589 204 26 aisles aisle NNS 33589 204 27 . . . 33589 205 1 The the DT 33589 205 2 former former JJ 33589 205 3 is be VBZ 33589 205 4 but but CC 33589 205 5 little little JJ 33589 205 6 altered alter VBN 33589 205 7 since since IN 33589 205 8 its -PRON- PRP$ 33589 205 9 erection erection NN 33589 205 10 , , , 33589 205 11 whilst whilst IN 33589 205 12 the the DT 33589 205 13 latter latter NN 33589 205 14 has have VBZ 33589 205 15 gone go VBN 33589 205 16 through through IN 33589 205 17 a a DT 33589 205 18 long long JJ 33589 205 19 series series NN 33589 205 20 of of IN 33589 205 21 vicissitudes vicissitude NNS 33589 205 22 . . . 33589 206 1 It -PRON- PRP 33589 206 2 was be VBD 33589 206 3 founded found VBN 33589 206 4 in in IN 33589 206 5 the the DT 33589 206 6 4th 4th JJ 33589 206 7 century century NN 33589 206 8 and and CC 33589 206 9 greatly greatly RB 33589 206 10 added add VBN 33589 206 11 to to IN 33589 206 12 in in IN 33589 206 13 the the DT 33589 206 14 5th 5th NN 33589 206 15 by by IN 33589 206 16 Sixtus Sixtus NNP 33589 206 17 III III NNP 33589 206 18 , , , 33589 206 19 who who WP 33589 206 20 joined join VBD 33589 206 21 a a DT 33589 206 22 second second JJ 33589 206 23 church church NN 33589 206 24 on on RP 33589 206 25 to to IN 33589 206 26 it -PRON- PRP 33589 206 27 , , , 33589 206 28 so so IN 33589 206 29 that that IN 33589 206 30 it -PRON- PRP 33589 206 31 had have VBD 33589 206 32 an an DT 33589 206 33 apse apse NN 33589 206 34 at at IN 33589 206 35 each each DT 33589 206 36 end end NN 33589 206 37 . . . 33589 207 1 Both both DT 33589 207 2 these these DT 33589 207 3 apses apse NNS 33589 207 4 , , , 33589 207 5 with with IN 33589 207 6 the the DT 33589 207 7 walls wall NNS 33589 207 8 between between IN 33589 207 9 the the DT 33589 207 10 earlier early JJR 33589 207 11 and and CC 33589 207 12 the the DT 33589 207 13 later later JJ 33589 207 14 buildings building NNS 33589 207 15 , , , 33589 207 16 were be VBD 33589 207 17 pulled pull VBN 33589 207 18 down down RP 33589 207 19 in in IN 33589 207 20 the the DT 33589 207 21 13th 13th JJ 33589 207 22 century century NN 33589 207 23 by by IN 33589 207 24 order order NN 33589 207 25 of of IN 33589 207 26 Pope Pope NNP 33589 207 27 Honorius Honorius NNP 33589 207 28 III III NNP 33589 207 29 , , , 33589 207 30 who who WP 33589 207 31 had have VBD 33589 207 32 the the DT 33589 207 33 earlier early JJR 33589 207 34 church church NN 33589 207 35 converted convert VBN 33589 207 36 into into IN 33589 207 37 a a DT 33589 207 38 choir choir NN 33589 207 39 and and CC 33589 207 40 the the DT 33589 207 41 later later JJ 33589 207 42 into into IN 33589 207 43 a a DT 33589 207 44 nave nave NN 33589 207 45 , , , 33589 207 46 with with IN 33589 207 47 very very RB 33589 207 48 satisfactory satisfactory JJ 33589 207 49 results result NNS 33589 207 50 . . . 33589 208 1 Even even RB 33589 208 2 more more RBR 33589 208 3 interesting interesting JJ 33589 208 4 than than IN 33589 208 5 S. S. NNP 33589 208 6 Lorenzo Lorenzo NNP 33589 208 7 is be VBZ 33589 208 8 S. S. NNP 33589 208 9 Clemente Clemente NNP 33589 208 10 , , , 33589 208 11 Rome Rome NNP 33589 208 12 , , , 33589 208 13 that that WDT 33589 208 14 consists consist VBZ 33589 208 15 of of IN 33589 208 16 two two CD 33589 208 17 buildings building NNS 33589 208 18 of of IN 33589 208 19 widely widely RB 33589 208 20 separated separate VBN 33589 208 21 dates date NNS 33589 208 22 one one CD 33589 208 23 above above IN 33589 208 24 another another DT 33589 208 25 , , , 33589 208 26 the the DT 33589 208 27 lower low JJR 33589 208 28 , , , 33589 208 29 which which WDT 33589 208 30 now now RB 33589 208 31 serves serve VBZ 33589 208 32 as as IN 33589 208 33 a a DT 33589 208 34 crypt crypt NNP 33589 208 35 , , , 33589 208 36 supposed suppose VBN 33589 208 37 to to TO 33589 208 38 have have VB 33589 208 39 been be VBN 33589 208 40 built build VBN 33589 208 41 at at IN 33589 208 42 the the DT 33589 208 43 beginning beginning NN 33589 208 44 of of IN 33589 208 45 the the DT 33589 208 46 6th 6th JJ 33589 208 47 century century NN 33589 208 48 , , , 33589 208 49 the the DT 33589 208 50 upper upper JJ 33589 208 51 not not RB 33589 208 52 until until IN 33589 208 53 1108 1108 CD 33589 208 54 . . . 33589 209 1 Both both DT 33589 209 2 are be VBP 33589 209 3 of of IN 33589 209 4 the the DT 33589 209 5 same same JJ 33589 209 6 general general JJ 33589 209 7 plan plan NN 33589 209 8 as as IN 33589 209 9 the the DT 33589 209 10 other other JJ 33589 209 11 basilican basilican JJ 33589 209 12 churches church NNS 33589 209 13 described describe VBN 33589 209 14 , , , 33589 209 15 with with IN 33589 209 16 certain certain JJ 33589 209 17 differences difference NNS 33589 209 18 in in IN 33589 209 19 minor minor JJ 33589 209 20 details detail NNS 33589 209 21 , , , 33589 209 22 including include VBG 33589 209 23 in in IN 33589 209 24 the the DT 33589 209 25 more more RBR 33589 209 26 modern modern JJ 33589 209 27 portion portion NN 33589 209 28 a a DT 33589 209 29 low low JJ 33589 209 30 marble marble NN 33589 209 31 screen screen NN 33589 209 32 dividing divide VBG 33589 209 33 the the DT 33589 209 34 choir choir NN 33589 209 35 and and CC 33589 209 36 altar altar NN 33589 209 37 from from IN 33589 209 38 the the DT 33589 209 39 nave nave NN 33589 209 40 . . . 33589 210 1 [ [ -LRB- 33589 210 2 Illustration illustration NN 33589 210 3 : : : 33589 210 4 Church Church NNP 33589 210 5 of of IN 33589 210 6 S. S. NNP 33589 210 7 Clemente Clemente NNP 33589 210 8 ] ] -RRB- 33589 210 9 To to IN 33589 210 10 many many JJ 33589 210 11 of of IN 33589 210 12 these these DT 33589 210 13 early early JJ 33589 210 14 churches church NNS 33589 210 15 fine fine JJ 33589 210 16 cloisters cloister NNS 33589 210 17 , , , 33589 210 18 that that DT 33589 210 19 is be VBZ 33589 210 20 to to TO 33589 210 21 say say VB 33589 210 22 , , , 33589 210 23 arcaded arcade VBD 33589 210 24 colonnades colonnade NNS 33589 210 25 encircling encircle VBG 33589 210 26 the the DT 33589 210 27 outer outer JJ 33589 210 28 walls wall NNS 33589 210 29 , , , 33589 210 30 were be VBD 33589 210 31 added add VBN 33589 210 32 , , , 33589 210 33 those those DT 33589 210 34 that that WDT 33589 210 35 once once RB 33589 210 36 enclosed enclose VBD 33589 210 37 the the DT 33589 210 38 ancient ancient JJ 33589 210 39 basilica basilica NN 33589 210 40 of of IN 33589 210 41 S. S. NNP 33589 210 42 Paola Paola NNP 33589 210 43 fuori fuori NN 33589 210 44 le le NNP 33589 210 45 Mura Mura NNP 33589 210 46 being be VBG 33589 210 47 among among IN 33589 210 48 the the DT 33589 210 49 finest fine JJS 33589 210 50 still still RB 33589 210 51 preserved preserve VBN 33589 210 52 , , , 33589 210 53 that that DT 33589 210 54 may may MD 33589 210 55 be be VB 33589 210 56 said say VBN 33589 210 57 to to TO 33589 210 58 have have VB 33589 210 59 anticipated anticipate VBN 33589 210 60 the the DT 33589 210 61 beautiful beautiful JJ 33589 210 62 ambulatories ambulatory NNS 33589 210 63 of of IN 33589 210 64 later later RB 33589 210 65 monastic monastic JJ 33589 210 66 and and CC 33589 210 67 collegiate collegiate JJ 33589 210 68 buildings building NNS 33589 210 69 . . . 33589 211 1 In in IN 33589 211 2 other other JJ 33589 211 3 cities city NNS 33589 211 4 of of IN 33589 211 5 the the DT 33589 211 6 Roman roman JJ 33589 211 7 empire empire NN 33589 211 8 are be VBP 33589 211 9 many many JJ 33589 211 10 noteworthy noteworthy JJ 33589 211 11 early early JJ 33589 211 12 basilican basilican JJ 33589 211 13 churches church NNS 33589 211 14 , , , 33589 211 15 including include VBG 33589 211 16 S. S. NNP 33589 211 17 Apollinare Apollinare NNP 33589 211 18 Nuovo Nuovo NNP 33589 211 19 within within IN 33589 211 20 and and CC 33589 211 21 S. S. NNP 33589 211 22 Apollinare Apollinare NNP 33589 211 23 in in IN 33589 211 24 Classe Classe NNP 33589 211 25 without without IN 33589 211 26 the the DT 33589 211 27 walls wall NNS 33589 211 28 of of IN 33589 211 29 Ravenna Ravenna NNP 33589 211 30 , , , 33589 211 31 the the DT 33589 211 32 cathedral cathedral NN 33589 211 33 of of IN 33589 211 34 Torcello Torcello NNP 33589 211 35 , , , 33589 211 36 that that WDT 33589 211 37 is be VBZ 33589 211 38 connected connect VBN 33589 211 39 by by IN 33589 211 40 a a DT 33589 211 41 narthex narthex NN 33589 211 42 with with IN 33589 211 43 the the DT 33589 211 44 later later JJ 33589 211 45 S. S. NNP 33589 211 46 Fosca Fosca NNP 33589 211 47 , , , 33589 211 48 in in IN 33589 211 49 which which WDT 33589 211 50 the the DT 33589 211 51 transition transition NN 33589 211 52 from from IN 33589 211 53 the the DT 33589 211 54 Roman Roman NNP 33589 211 55 to to IN 33589 211 56 the the DT 33589 211 57 Byzantine byzantine JJ 33589 211 58 style style NN 33589 211 59 is be VBZ 33589 211 60 shadowed shadow VBN 33589 211 61 forth forth RB 33589 211 62 , , , 33589 211 63 and and CC 33589 211 64 the the DT 33589 211 65 cathedrals cathedral NNS 33589 211 66 of of IN 33589 211 67 Parenzo Parenzo NNP 33589 211 68 and and CC 33589 211 69 Grado Grado NNP 33589 211 70 in in IN 33589 211 71 Istria Istria NNP 33589 211 72 , , , 33589 211 73 the the DT 33589 211 74 former former JJ 33589 211 75 retaining retain VBG 33589 211 76 almost almost RB 33589 211 77 intact intact JJ 33589 211 78 its -PRON- PRP$ 33589 211 79 beautiful beautiful JJ 33589 211 80 colonnaded colonnade VBN 33589 211 81 atrium atrium NN 33589 211 82 , , , 33589 211 83 the the DT 33589 211 84 latter latter JJ 33589 211 85 chiefly chiefly RB 33589 211 86 remarkable remarkable JJ 33589 211 87 for for IN 33589 211 88 its -PRON- PRP$ 33589 211 89 fine fine JJ 33589 211 90 mosaic mosaic NNP 33589 211 91 pavement pavement NN 33589 211 92 . . . 33589 212 1 In in IN 33589 212 2 addition addition NN 33589 212 3 to to IN 33589 212 4 the the DT 33589 212 5 early early JJ 33589 212 6 churches church NNS 33589 212 7 of of IN 33589 212 8 basilican basilican NNP 33589 212 9 plan plan NN 33589 212 10 are be VBP 33589 212 11 a a DT 33589 212 12 few few JJ 33589 212 13 of of IN 33589 212 14 circular circular JJ 33589 212 15 form form NN 33589 212 16 , , , 33589 212 17 such such JJ 33589 212 18 as as IN 33589 212 19 that that DT 33589 212 20 at at IN 33589 212 21 Rome Rome NNP 33589 212 22 enshrining enshrine VBG 33589 212 23 the the DT 33589 212 24 tomb tomb NN 33589 212 25 of of IN 33589 212 26 S. S. NNP 33589 212 27 Constanza Constanza NNP 33589 212 28 , , , 33589 212 29 the the DT 33589 212 30 daughter daughter NN 33589 212 31 of of IN 33589 212 32 Constantine Constantine NNP 33589 212 33 , , , 33589 212 34 dating date VBG 33589 212 35 from from IN 33589 212 36 about about IN 33589 212 37 A.D. A.D. NNP 33589 212 38 354 354 CD 33589 212 39 , , , 33589 212 40 which which WDT 33589 212 41 has have VBZ 33589 212 42 a a DT 33589 212 43 domed domed JJ 33589 212 44 roof roof NN 33589 212 45 and and CC 33589 212 46 vaulted vault VBD 33589 212 47 aisles aisle NNS 33589 212 48 , , , 33589 212 49 the the DT 33589 212 50 5th 5th JJ 33589 212 51 century century NN 33589 212 52 church church NN 33589 212 53 of of IN 33589 212 54 S. S. NNP 33589 212 55 Stefano Stefano NNP 33589 212 56 Rotondo Rotondo NNP 33589 212 57 in in IN 33589 212 58 the the DT 33589 212 59 same same JJ 33589 212 60 town town NN 33589 212 61 , , , 33589 212 62 the the DT 33589 212 63 latter latter JJ 33589 212 64 , , , 33589 212 65 though though IN 33589 212 66 greatly greatly RB 33589 212 67 modified modify VBN 33589 212 68 in in IN 33589 212 69 detail detail NN 33589 212 70 , , , 33589 212 71 still still RB 33589 212 72 preserving preserve VBG 33589 212 73 its -PRON- PRP$ 33589 212 74 two two CD 33589 212 75 concentric concentric JJ 33589 212 76 ranges range NNS 33589 212 77 of of IN 33589 212 78 columns column NNS 33589 212 79 , , , 33589 212 80 S. S. NNP 33589 212 81 Vitale Vitale NNP 33589 212 82 at at IN 33589 212 83 Ravenna Ravenna NNP 33589 212 84 , , , 33589 212 85 and and CC 33589 212 86 S. S. NNP 33589 212 87 George George NNP 33589 212 88 at at IN 33589 212 89 Salonika Salonika NNP 33589 212 90 , , , 33589 212 91 that that DT 33589 212 92 has have VBZ 33589 212 93 a a DT 33589 212 94 circular circular JJ 33589 212 95 nave nave NN 33589 212 96 but but CC 33589 212 97 an an DT 33589 212 98 oblong oblong JJ 33589 212 99 chancel chancel NN 33589 212 100 and and CC 33589 212 101 apse apse NN 33589 212 102 , , , 33589 212 103 whilst whilst IN 33589 212 104 the the DT 33589 212 105 6th 6th JJ 33589 212 106 century century NN 33589 212 107 tomb tomb NN 33589 212 108 of of IN 33589 212 109 Theodoric Theodoric NNP 33589 212 110 is be VBZ 33589 212 111 typical typical JJ 33589 212 112 of of IN 33589 212 113 the the DT 33589 212 114 use use NN 33589 212 115 of of IN 33589 212 116 a a DT 33589 212 117 similar similar JJ 33589 212 118 plan plan NN 33589 212 119 in in IN 33589 212 120 sepulchral sepulchral JJ 33589 212 121 monuments monument NNS 33589 212 122 . . . 33589 213 1 In in IN 33589 213 2 the the DT 33589 213 3 first first JJ 33589 213 4 centuries century NNS 33589 213 5 of of IN 33589 213 6 the the DT 33589 213 7 Christian christian JJ 33589 213 8 era era NN 33589 213 9 it -PRON- PRP 33589 213 10 was be VBD 33589 213 11 customary customary JJ 33589 213 12 for for IN 33589 213 13 the the DT 33589 213 14 ceremony ceremony NN 33589 213 15 of of IN 33589 213 16 baptism baptism NN 33589 213 17 to to TO 33589 213 18 be be VB 33589 213 19 performed perform VBN 33589 213 20 in in IN 33589 213 21 buildings building NNS 33589 213 22 known know VBN 33589 213 23 as as IN 33589 213 24 baptisteries baptistery NNS 33589 213 25 , , , 33589 213 26 apart apart RB 33589 213 27 from from IN 33589 213 28 , , , 33589 213 29 but but CC 33589 213 30 close close RB 33589 213 31 to to IN 33589 213 32 , , , 33589 213 33 cathedrals cathedral NNS 33589 213 34 and and CC 33589 213 35 important important JJ 33589 213 36 parish parish NN 33589 213 37 churches church NNS 33589 213 38 . . . 33589 214 1 These these DT 33589 214 2 buildings building NNS 33589 214 3 were be VBD 33589 214 4 as as IN 33589 214 5 a a DT 33589 214 6 general general JJ 33589 214 7 rule rule NN 33589 214 8 of of IN 33589 214 9 circular circular JJ 33589 214 10 or or CC 33589 214 11 octagonal octagonal JJ 33589 214 12 plan plan NN 33589 214 13 with with IN 33589 214 14 a a DT 33589 214 15 tank tank NN 33589 214 16 in in IN 33589 214 17 the the DT 33589 214 18 centre centre NN 33589 214 19 of of IN 33589 214 20 the the DT 33589 214 21 interior interior NN 33589 214 22 , , , 33589 214 23 of of IN 33589 214 24 size size NN 33589 214 25 sufficient sufficient JJ 33589 214 26 for for IN 33589 214 27 the the DT 33589 214 28 total total JJ 33589 214 29 immersion immersion NN 33589 214 30 of of IN 33589 214 31 candidates candidate NNS 33589 214 32 . . . 33589 215 1 The the DT 33589 215 2 earliest early JJS 33589 215 3 and and CC 33589 215 4 also also RB 33589 215 5 one one CD 33589 215 6 of of IN 33589 215 7 the the DT 33589 215 8 finest fine JJS 33589 215 9 existing existing JJ 33589 215 10 examples example NNS 33589 215 11 is be VBZ 33589 215 12 the the DT 33589 215 13 Baptistery Baptistery NNP 33589 215 14 of of IN 33589 215 15 Constantino Constantino NNP 33589 215 16 that that WDT 33589 215 17 rises rise VBZ 33589 215 18 close close RB 33589 215 19 to to IN 33589 215 20 S. S. NNP 33589 215 21 Giovanni Giovanni NNP 33589 215 22 in in IN 33589 215 23 Laterano Laterano NNP 33589 215 24 , , , 33589 215 25 Rome Rome NNP 33589 215 26 , , , 33589 215 27 and and CC 33589 215 28 is be VBZ 33589 215 29 two two CD 33589 215 30 stories story NNS 33589 215 31 high high JJ 33589 215 32 , , , 33589 215 33 with with IN 33589 215 34 a a DT 33589 215 35 central central JJ 33589 215 36 domed dome VBN 33589 215 37 roof roof NN 33589 215 38 of of IN 33589 215 39 timber timber NN 33589 215 40 and and CC 33589 215 41 flat flat RB 33589 215 42 - - HYPH 33589 215 43 ceilinged ceilinge VBN 33589 215 44 aisles aisle NNS 33589 215 45 , , , 33589 215 46 the the DT 33589 215 47 massive massive JJ 33589 215 48 porphyry porphyry NN 33589 215 49 columns column NNS 33589 215 50 dividing divide VBG 33589 215 51 them -PRON- PRP 33589 215 52 from from IN 33589 215 53 the the DT 33589 215 54 space space NN 33589 215 55 set set VBN 33589 215 56 apart apart RB 33589 215 57 for for IN 33589 215 58 the the DT 33589 215 59 ceremony ceremony NN 33589 215 60 of of IN 33589 215 61 baptism baptism NN 33589 215 62 , , , 33589 215 63 being be VBG 33589 215 64 surmounted surmount VBN 33589 215 65 by by IN 33589 215 66 slender slender NN 33589 215 67 pilasters pilaster NNS 33589 215 68 . . . 33589 216 1 Another another DT 33589 216 2 fine fine JJ 33589 216 3 early early JJ 33589 216 4 Baptistery Baptistery NNP 33589 216 5 is be VBZ 33589 216 6 that that IN 33589 216 7 at at IN 33589 216 8 Nocera Nocera NNP 33589 216 9 , , , 33589 216 10 which which WDT 33589 216 11 resembles resemble VBZ 33589 216 12 that that DT 33589 216 13 of of IN 33589 216 14 Constantine Constantine NNP 33589 216 15 in in IN 33589 216 16 general general JJ 33589 216 17 plan plan NN 33589 216 18 and and CC 33589 216 19 style style NN 33589 216 20 . . . 33589 217 1 The the DT 33589 217 2 Christians Christians NNPS 33589 217 3 of of IN 33589 217 4 Egyptian egyptian JJ 33589 217 5 descent descent NN 33589 217 6 , , , 33589 217 7 to to TO 33589 217 8 whom whom WP 33589 217 9 the the DT 33589 217 10 name name NN 33589 217 11 of of IN 33589 217 12 Copts Copts NNP 33589 217 13 has have VBZ 33589 217 14 been be VBN 33589 217 15 given give VBN 33589 217 16 , , , 33589 217 17 evolved evolve VBD 33589 217 18 a a DT 33589 217 19 style style NN 33589 217 20 of of IN 33589 217 21 building build VBG 33589 217 22 that that WDT 33589 217 23 combined combine VBN 33589 217 24 with with IN 33589 217 25 oriental oriental JJ 33589 217 26 traditions tradition NNS 33589 217 27 certain certain JJ 33589 217 28 details detail NNS 33589 217 29 of of IN 33589 217 30 western western JJ 33589 217 31 architecture architecture NN 33589 217 32 . . . 33589 218 1 They -PRON- PRP 33589 218 2 were be VBD 33589 218 3 very very RB 33589 218 4 early early RB 33589 218 5 familiar familiar JJ 33589 218 6 with with IN 33589 218 7 the the DT 33589 218 8 dome dome NN 33589 218 9 , , , 33589 218 10 and and CC 33589 218 11 employed employ VBD 33589 218 12 it -PRON- PRP 33589 218 13 in in IN 33589 218 14 churches church NNS 33589 218 15 of of IN 33589 218 16 a a DT 33589 218 17 basilican basilican JJ 33589 218 18 ground ground NN 33589 218 19 - - HYPH 33589 218 20 plan plan NN 33589 218 21 even even RB 33589 218 22 before before IN 33589 218 23 it -PRON- PRP 33589 218 24 was be VBD 33589 218 25 adopted adopt VBN 33589 218 26 in in IN 33589 218 27 the the DT 33589 218 28 Roman Roman NNP 33589 218 29 Empire Empire NNP 33589 218 30 . . . 33589 219 1 Moreover moreover RB 33589 219 2 , , , 33589 219 3 certain certain JJ 33589 219 4 of of IN 33589 219 5 the the DT 33589 219 6 barrel barrel NN 33589 219 7 vaults vault NNS 33589 219 8 and and CC 33589 219 9 arches arch NNS 33589 219 10 in in IN 33589 219 11 Coptic coptic JJ 33589 219 12 places place NNS 33589 219 13 of of IN 33589 219 14 worship worship NN 33589 219 15 were be VBD 33589 219 16 pointed point VBN 33589 219 17 , , , 33589 219 18 so so IN 33589 219 19 that that IN 33589 219 20 the the DT 33589 219 21 most most RBS 33589 219 22 distinctive distinctive JJ 33589 219 23 characteristic characteristic NN 33589 219 24 of of IN 33589 219 25 Gothic gothic JJ 33589 219 26 architecture architecture NN 33589 219 27 may may MD 33589 219 28 be be VB 33589 219 29 said say VBN 33589 219 30 to to TO 33589 219 31 have have VB 33589 219 32 been be VBN 33589 219 33 to to IN 33589 219 34 some some DT 33589 219 35 extent extent NN 33589 219 36 anticipated anticipate VBN 33589 219 37 . . . 33589 220 1 Except except IN 33589 220 2 for for IN 33589 220 3 the the DT 33589 220 4 effective effective JJ 33589 220 5 feature feature NN 33589 220 6 of of IN 33589 220 7 the the DT 33589 220 8 dome dome NN 33589 220 9 the the DT 33589 220 10 exteriors exterior NNS 33589 220 11 of of IN 33589 220 12 these these DT 33589 220 13 buildings building NNS 33589 220 14 were be VBD 33589 220 15 plain plain JJ 33589 220 16 and and CC 33589 220 17 unpretending unpretende VBG 33589 220 18 , , , 33589 220 19 but but CC 33589 220 20 the the DT 33589 220 21 interiors interior NNS 33589 220 22 were be VBD 33589 220 23 in in IN 33589 220 24 many many JJ 33589 220 25 cases case NNS 33589 220 26 lavishly lavishly RB 33589 220 27 decorated decorate VBN 33589 220 28 with with IN 33589 220 29 marble marble NN 33589 220 30 mosaics mosaic NNS 33589 220 31 . . . 33589 221 1 Other other JJ 33589 221 2 peculiarities peculiarity NNS 33589 221 3 were be VBD 33589 221 4 the the DT 33589 221 5 division division NN 33589 221 6 of of IN 33589 221 7 the the DT 33589 221 8 eastern eastern JJ 33589 221 9 extremity extremity NN 33589 221 10 into into IN 33589 221 11 three three CD 33589 221 12 semicircular semicircular JJ 33589 221 13 or or CC 33589 221 14 square square JJ 33589 221 15 recesses recess NNS 33589 221 16 , , , 33589 221 17 each each DT 33589 221 18 containing contain VBG 33589 221 19 an an DT 33589 221 20 altar altar NN 33589 221 21 , , , 33589 221 22 the the DT 33589 221 23 use use NN 33589 221 24 of of IN 33589 221 25 an an DT 33589 221 26 elaborately elaborately RB 33589 221 27 carved carve VBN 33589 221 28 screen screen NN 33589 221 29 shutting shut VBG 33589 221 30 off off RP 33589 221 31 the the DT 33589 221 32 choir choir NN 33589 221 33 or or CC 33589 221 34 chancel chancel VB 33589 221 35 from from IN 33589 221 36 the the DT 33589 221 37 nave nave NN 33589 221 38 and and CC 33589 221 39 aisles aisles NNP 33589 221 40 , , , 33589 221 41 and and CC 33589 221 42 the the DT 33589 221 43 introduction introduction NN 33589 221 44 of of IN 33589 221 45 galleries gallery NNS 33589 221 46 above above IN 33589 221 47 the the DT 33589 221 48 latter latter NN 33589 221 49 for for IN 33589 221 50 the the DT 33589 221 51 use use NN 33589 221 52 of of IN 33589 221 53 the the DT 33589 221 54 women woman NNS 33589 221 55 of of IN 33589 221 56 the the DT 33589 221 57 congregation congregation NN 33589 221 58 . . . 33589 222 1 Specially specially RB 33589 222 2 noteworthy noteworthy JJ 33589 222 3 examples example NNS 33589 222 4 of of IN 33589 222 5 Coptic coptic JJ 33589 222 6 architecture architecture NN 33589 222 7 are be VBP 33589 222 8 the the DT 33589 222 9 two two CD 33589 222 10 churches church NNS 33589 222 11 in in IN 33589 222 12 Upper Upper NNP 33589 222 13 Egypt Egypt NNP 33589 222 14 known know VBN 33589 222 15 as as IN 33589 222 16 the the DT 33589 222 17 White White NNP 33589 222 18 and and CC 33589 222 19 Red Red NNP 33589 222 20 Convents Convents NNP 33589 222 21 , , , 33589 222 22 the the DT 33589 222 23 former former JJ 33589 222 24 supposed suppose VBN 33589 222 25 by by IN 33589 222 26 some some DT 33589 222 27 authorities authority NNS 33589 222 28 to to TO 33589 222 29 be be VB 33589 222 30 even even RB 33589 222 31 older old JJR 33589 222 32 than than IN 33589 222 33 the the DT 33589 222 34 church church NN 33589 222 35 of of IN 33589 222 36 the the DT 33589 222 37 Nativity Nativity NNP 33589 222 38 of of IN 33589 222 39 Bethlehem Bethlehem NNP 33589 222 40 , , , 33589 222 41 the the DT 33589 222 42 6th 6th JJ 33589 222 43 century century NN 33589 222 44 church church NN 33589 222 45 of of IN 33589 222 46 Dair Dair NNP 33589 222 47 - - HYPH 33589 222 48 as as IN 33589 222 49 - - HYPH 33589 222 50 Sûriâni Sûriâni NNP 33589 222 51 in in IN 33589 222 52 the the DT 33589 222 53 Desert Desert NNP 33589 222 54 , , , 33589 222 55 and and CC 33589 222 56 the the DT 33589 222 57 8th 8th JJ 33589 222 58 century century NN 33589 222 59 S. S. NNP 33589 222 60 Sergius Sergius NNP 33589 222 61 or or CC 33589 222 62 Abu Abu NNP 33589 222 63 Sargah Sargah NNP 33589 222 64 at at IN 33589 222 65 Cairo Cairo NNP 33589 222 66 , , , 33589 222 67 whilst whilst IN 33589 222 68 in in IN 33589 222 69 the the DT 33589 222 70 oasis oasis NN 33589 222 71 of of IN 33589 222 72 El El NNP 33589 222 73 Bagawat Bagawat NNP 33589 222 74 have have VBP 33589 222 75 recently recently RB 33589 222 76 been be VBN 33589 222 77 excavated excavate VBN 33589 222 78 a a DT 33589 222 79 large large JJ 33589 222 80 number number NN 33589 222 81 of of IN 33589 222 82 sepulchral sepulchral JJ 33589 222 83 chapels chapel NNS 33589 222 84 , , , 33589 222 85 dating date VBG 33589 222 86 probably probably RB 33589 222 87 from from IN 33589 222 88 the the DT 33589 222 89 5th 5th JJ 33589 222 90 century century NN 33589 222 91 , , , 33589 222 92 many many JJ 33589 222 93 of of IN 33589 222 94 which which WDT 33589 222 95 have have VBP 33589 222 96 domed dome VBN 33589 222 97 cupolas cupola NNS 33589 222 98 greatly greatly RB 33589 222 99 resembling resemble VBG 33589 222 100 in in IN 33589 222 101 structure structure NN 33589 222 102 those those DT 33589 222 103 of of IN 33589 222 104 considerably considerably RB 33589 222 105 later later JJ 33589 222 106 Byzantine byzantine JJ 33589 222 107 buildings building NNS 33589 222 108 . . . 33589 223 1 In in IN 33589 223 2 Syria Syria NNP 33589 223 3 , , , 33589 223 4 as as RB 33589 223 5 well well RB 33589 223 6 as as IN 33589 223 7 in in IN 33589 223 8 Egypt Egypt NNP 33589 223 9 , , , 33589 223 10 are be VBP 33589 223 11 many many JJ 33589 223 12 very very RB 33589 223 13 interesting interesting JJ 33589 223 14 early early JJ 33589 223 15 Christian christian JJ 33589 223 16 churches church NNS 33589 223 17 , , , 33589 223 18 including include VBG 33589 223 19 the the DT 33589 223 20 vast vast JJ 33589 223 21 complex complex JJ 33589 223 22 5th 5th JJ 33589 223 23 century century NN 33589 223 24 building building NN 33589 223 25 at at IN 33589 223 26 Kalat Kalat NNP 33589 223 27 - - HYPH 33589 223 28 Seman Seman NNP 33589 223 29 dedicated dedicate VBD 33589 223 30 to to IN 33589 223 31 S. S. NNP 33589 223 32 Simeon Simeon NNP 33589 223 33 Stylites Stylites NNP 33589 223 34 , , , 33589 223 35 which which WDT 33589 223 36 has have VBZ 33589 223 37 four four CD 33589 223 38 basilicas basilica NNS 33589 223 39 , , , 33589 223 40 each each DT 33589 223 41 with with IN 33589 223 42 an an DT 33589 223 43 apse apse NN 33589 223 44 , , , 33589 223 45 grouped group VBN 33589 223 46 about about IN 33589 223 47 a a DT 33589 223 48 central central JJ 33589 223 49 octagon octagon NN 33589 223 50 ; ; : 33589 223 51 the the DT 33589 223 52 6th 6th JJ 33589 223 53 century century NN 33589 223 54 church church NN 33589 223 55 at at IN 33589 223 56 Sergiopolis Sergiopolis NNP 33589 223 57 ; ; : 33589 223 58 and and CC 33589 223 59 the the DT 33589 223 60 smaller small JJR 33589 223 61 contemporaneous contemporaneous JJ 33589 223 62 ones one NNS 33589 223 63 at at IN 33589 223 64 Qalb Qalb NNP 33589 223 65 Lorzeh Lorzeh NNP 33589 223 66 and and CC 33589 223 67 Roueiha Roueiha NNP 33589 223 68 ; ; : 33589 223 69 all all DT 33589 223 70 of of IN 33589 223 71 which which WDT 33589 223 72 , , , 33589 223 73 though though IN 33589 223 74 they -PRON- PRP 33589 223 75 resemble resemble VBP 33589 223 76 in in IN 33589 223 77 general general JJ 33589 223 78 plan plan NN 33589 223 79 the the DT 33589 223 80 basilicas basilicas NN 33589 223 81 of of IN 33589 223 82 Rome Rome NNP 33589 223 83 , , , 33589 223 84 have have VBP 33589 223 85 certain certain JJ 33589 223 86 details detail NNS 33589 223 87 that that WDT 33589 223 88 appear appear VBP 33589 223 89 to to TO 33589 223 90 shadow shadow VB 33589 223 91 forth forth RB 33589 223 92 the the DT 33589 223 93 characteristics characteristic NNS 33589 223 94 of of IN 33589 223 95 the the DT 33589 223 96 Romanesque romanesque JJ 33589 223 97 style style NN 33589 223 98 , , , 33589 223 99 notably notably RB 33589 223 100 in in IN 33589 223 101 the the DT 33589 223 102 first first JJ 33589 223 103 the the DT 33589 223 104 cruciform cruciform NN 33589 223 105 bays bay NNS 33589 223 106 dividing divide VBG 33589 223 107 the the DT 33589 223 108 nave nave NN 33589 223 109 from from IN 33589 223 110 the the DT 33589 223 111 aisles aisle NNS 33589 223 112 , , , 33589 223 113 in in IN 33589 223 114 the the DT 33589 223 115 second second JJ 33589 223 116 , , , 33589 223 117 the the DT 33589 223 118 use use NN 33589 223 119 of of IN 33589 223 120 the the DT 33589 223 121 lobed lobed NNP 33589 223 122 arch arch NN 33589 223 123 , , , 33589 223 124 and and CC 33589 223 125 in in IN 33589 223 126 it -PRON- PRP 33589 223 127 and and CC 33589 223 128 the the DT 33589 223 129 Roueiha Roueiha NNP 33589 223 130 building build VBG 33589 223 131 the the DT 33589 223 132 grouping grouping NN 33589 223 133 of of IN 33589 223 134 the the DT 33589 223 135 clerestory clerestory JJ 33589 223 136 windows window NNS 33589 223 137 . . . 33589 224 1 Asia Asia NNP 33589 224 2 Minor Minor NNP 33589 224 3 is be VBZ 33589 224 4 also also RB 33589 224 5 rich rich JJ 33589 224 6 in in IN 33589 224 7 examples example NNS 33589 224 8 of of IN 33589 224 9 early early JJ 33589 224 10 Christian christian JJ 33589 224 11 architecture architecture NN 33589 224 12 , , , 33589 224 13 of of IN 33589 224 14 which which WDT 33589 224 15 one one CD 33589 224 16 of of IN 33589 224 17 the the DT 33589 224 18 most most RBS 33589 224 19 remarkable remarkable JJ 33589 224 20 is be VBZ 33589 224 21 the the DT 33589 224 22 5th 5th JJ 33589 224 23 century century NN 33589 224 24 S. S. NNP 33589 224 25 Demetrius Demetrius NNP 33589 224 26 at at IN 33589 224 27 Salonika Salonika NNP 33589 224 28 , , , 33589 224 29 of of IN 33589 224 30 basilican basilican NNP 33589 224 31 plan plan NN 33589 224 32 with with IN 33589 224 33 transepts transept NNS 33589 224 34 at at IN 33589 224 35 the the DT 33589 224 36 eastern eastern JJ 33589 224 37 end end NN 33589 224 38 , , , 33589 224 39 nave nave NNP 33589 224 40 arcades arcade NNS 33589 224 41 resembling resemble VBG 33589 224 42 those those DT 33589 224 43 of of IN 33589 224 44 S. S. NNP 33589 224 45 Clemente Clemente NNP 33589 224 46 , , , 33589 224 47 Rome Rome NNP 33589 224 48 , , , 33589 224 49 and and CC 33589 224 50 galleries gallery NNS 33589 224 51 above above IN 33589 224 52 the the DT 33589 224 53 aisles aisle NNS 33589 224 54 , , , 33589 224 55 such such JJ 33589 224 56 as as IN 33589 224 57 those those DT 33589 224 58 of of IN 33589 224 59 the the DT 33589 224 60 Coptic coptic JJ 33589 224 61 places place NNS 33589 224 62 of of IN 33589 224 63 worship worship NN 33589 224 64 quoted quote VBN 33589 224 65 above above RB 33589 224 66 . . . 33589 225 1 With with IN 33589 225 2 it -PRON- PRP 33589 225 3 must must MD 33589 225 4 be be VB 33589 225 5 named name VBN 33589 225 6 the the DT 33589 225 7 6th 6th JJ 33589 225 8 century century NN 33589 225 9 church church NN 33589 225 10 in in IN 33589 225 11 the the DT 33589 225 12 same same JJ 33589 225 13 city city NN 33589 225 14 , , , 33589 225 15 now now RB 33589 225 16 used use VBN 33589 225 17 as as IN 33589 225 18 a a DT 33589 225 19 mosque mosque NN 33589 225 20 , , , 33589 225 21 under under IN 33589 225 22 the the DT 33589 225 23 name name NN 33589 225 24 of of IN 33589 225 25 Eski Eski NNP 33589 225 26 Djuma Djuma NNP 33589 225 27 , , , 33589 225 28 and and CC 33589 225 29 the the DT 33589 225 30 considerably considerably RB 33589 225 31 later later JJ 33589 225 32 churches church NNS 33589 225 33 at at IN 33589 225 34 Bin Bin NNP 33589 225 35 Bir Bir NNP 33589 225 36 Kilissi Kilissi NNP 33589 225 37 that that WDT 33589 225 38 have have VBP 33589 225 39 only only RB 33589 225 40 recently recently RB 33589 225 41 been be VBN 33589 225 42 explored explore VBN 33589 225 43 and and CC 33589 225 44 are be VBP 33589 225 45 of of IN 33589 225 46 basilican basilican JJ 33589 225 47 plan plan NN 33589 225 48 with with IN 33589 225 49 barrel barrel NN 33589 225 50 - - HYPH 33589 225 51 vaulted vaulted JJ 33589 225 52 roofing roofing NN 33589 225 53 . . . 33589 226 1 CHAPTER chapter NN 33589 226 2 V V NNP 33589 226 3 BYZANTINE BYZANTINE NNS 33589 226 4 AND and CC 33589 226 5 SARACENIC SARACENIC NNP 33589 226 6 ARCHITECTURE ARCHITECTURE NNP 33589 226 7 The the DT 33589 226 8 term term NN 33589 226 9 Byzantine Byzantine NNP 33589 226 10 has have VBZ 33589 226 11 been be VBN 33589 226 12 given give VBN 33589 226 13 to to IN 33589 226 14 the the DT 33589 226 15 style style NN 33589 226 16 of of IN 33589 226 17 architecture architecture NN 33589 226 18 which which WDT 33589 226 19 was be VBD 33589 226 20 the the DT 33589 226 21 outcome outcome NN 33589 226 22 of of IN 33589 226 23 the the DT 33589 226 24 fusion fusion NN 33589 226 25 of of IN 33589 226 26 the the DT 33589 226 27 best good JJS 33589 226 28 building building NN 33589 226 29 traditions tradition NNS 33589 226 30 of of IN 33589 226 31 the the DT 33589 226 32 East East NNP 33589 226 33 and and CC 33589 226 34 of of IN 33589 226 35 the the DT 33589 226 36 West West NNP 33589 226 37 , , , 33589 226 38 the the DT 33589 226 39 former former JJ 33589 226 40 contributing contribute VBG 33589 226 41 the the DT 33589 226 42 distinctive distinctive JJ 33589 226 43 structural structural JJ 33589 226 44 feature feature NN 33589 226 45 of of IN 33589 226 46 the the DT 33589 226 47 dome dome NN 33589 226 48 , , , 33589 226 49 with with IN 33589 226 50 the the DT 33589 226 51 minor minor JJ 33589 226 52 details detail NNS 33589 226 53 of of IN 33589 226 54 richness richness NN 33589 226 55 of of IN 33589 226 56 colouring colouring NN 33589 226 57 and and CC 33589 226 58 lavishness lavishness NN 33589 226 59 of of IN 33589 226 60 decoration decoration NN 33589 226 61 , , , 33589 226 62 the the DT 33589 226 63 latter latter JJ 33589 226 64 dignified dignified JJ 33589 226 65 symmetry symmetry NN 33589 226 66 of of IN 33589 226 67 proportion proportion NN 33589 226 68 and and CC 33589 226 69 scientific scientific JJ 33589 226 70 solidity solidity NN 33589 226 71 of of IN 33589 226 72 construction construction NN 33589 226 73 . . . 33589 227 1 It -PRON- PRP 33589 227 2 was be VBD 33589 227 3 in in IN 33589 227 4 Byzantium Byzantium NNP 33589 227 5 , , , 33589 227 6 when when WRB 33589 227 7 in in IN 33589 227 8 330 330 CD 33589 227 9 the the DT 33589 227 10 first first JJ 33589 227 11 Christian Christian NNP 33589 227 12 Emperor Emperor NNP 33589 227 13 chose choose VBD 33589 227 14 it -PRON- PRP 33589 227 15 as as IN 33589 227 16 his -PRON- PRP$ 33589 227 17 headquarters headquarters NN 33589 227 18 , , , 33589 227 19 and and CC 33589 227 20 its -PRON- PRP$ 33589 227 21 name name NN 33589 227 22 was be VBD 33589 227 23 changed change VBN 33589 227 24 in in IN 33589 227 25 his -PRON- PRP$ 33589 227 26 honour honour NN 33589 227 27 to to IN 33589 227 28 Constantinople Constantinople NNP 33589 227 29 , , , 33589 227 30 that that IN 33589 227 31 the the DT 33589 227 32 union union NN 33589 227 33 which which WDT 33589 227 34 was be VBD 33589 227 35 to to TO 33589 227 36 be be VB 33589 227 37 so so RB 33589 227 38 prolific prolific JJ 33589 227 39 of of IN 33589 227 40 results result NNS 33589 227 41 took take VBD 33589 227 42 place place NN 33589 227 43 . . . 33589 228 1 Unfortunately unfortunately RB 33589 228 2 however however RB 33589 228 3 none none NN 33589 228 4 of of IN 33589 228 5 the the DT 33589 228 6 churches church NNS 33589 228 7 erected erect VBN 33589 228 8 under under IN 33589 228 9 the the DT 33589 228 10 auspices auspex NNS 33589 228 11 of of IN 33589 228 12 Constantine Constantine NNP 33589 228 13 in in IN 33589 228 14 the the DT 33589 228 15 new new JJ 33589 228 16 capital capital NN 33589 228 17 have have VBP 33589 228 18 been be VBN 33589 228 19 preserved preserve VBN 33589 228 20 , , , 33589 228 21 the the DT 33589 228 22 sole sole JJ 33589 228 23 relic relic NN 33589 228 24 of of IN 33589 228 25 his -PRON- PRP$ 33589 228 26 reign reign NN 33589 228 27 , , , 33589 228 28 so so RB 33589 228 29 far far RB 33589 228 30 as as IN 33589 228 31 architecture architecture NN 33589 228 32 is be VBZ 33589 228 33 concerned concern VBN 33589 228 34 , , , 33589 228 35 being be VBG 33589 228 36 the the DT 33589 228 37 foundations foundation NNS 33589 228 38 of of IN 33589 228 39 the the DT 33589 228 40 apse apse NN 33589 228 41 of of IN 33589 228 42 a a DT 33589 228 43 church church NN 33589 228 44 , , , 33589 228 45 now now RB 33589 228 46 replaced replace VBN 33589 228 47 by by IN 33589 228 48 a a DT 33589 228 49 considerably considerably RB 33589 228 50 later later JJ 33589 228 51 building building NN 33589 228 52 , , , 33589 228 53 in in IN 33589 228 54 which which WDT 33589 228 55 he -PRON- PRP 33589 228 56 had have VBD 33589 228 57 the the DT 33589 228 58 Holy Holy NNP 33589 228 59 Sepulchre Sepulchre NNP 33589 228 60 at at IN 33589 228 61 Jerusalem Jerusalem NNP 33589 228 62 enclosed enclose VBD 33589 228 63 . . . 33589 229 1 The the DT 33589 229 2 oldest old JJS 33589 229 3 existing exist VBG 33589 229 4 church church NN 33589 229 5 in in IN 33589 229 6 Constantinople Constantinople NNP 33589 229 7 is be VBZ 33589 229 8 a a DT 33589 229 9 basilica basilica NN 33589 229 10 of of IN 33589 229 11 the the DT 33589 229 12 Roman roman JJ 33589 229 13 type type NN 33589 229 14 dating date VBG 33589 229 15 from from IN 33589 229 16 463 463 CD 33589 229 17 , , , 33589 229 18 with with IN 33589 229 19 nothing nothing NN 33589 229 20 distinctive distinctive JJ 33589 229 21 of of IN 33589 229 22 the the DT 33589 229 23 new new JJ 33589 229 24 style style NN 33589 229 25 about about IN 33589 229 26 it -PRON- PRP 33589 229 27 , , , 33589 229 28 but but CC 33589 229 29 there there EX 33589 229 30 is be VBZ 33589 229 31 historical historical JJ 33589 229 32 evidence evidence NN 33589 229 33 that that IN 33589 229 34 the the DT 33589 229 35 noble noble JJ 33589 229 36 S. S. NNP 33589 229 37 Sophia Sophia NNP 33589 229 38 , , , 33589 229 39 in in IN 33589 229 40 which which WDT 33589 229 41 that that DT 33589 229 42 style style NN 33589 229 43 reached reach VBD 33589 229 44 its -PRON- PRP$ 33589 229 45 fullest full JJS 33589 229 46 development development NN 33589 229 47 , , , 33589 229 48 was be VBD 33589 229 49 preceded precede VBN 33589 229 50 in in IN 33589 229 51 Constantinople Constantinople NNP 33589 229 52 by by IN 33589 229 53 other other JJ 33589 229 54 grand grand JJ 33589 229 55 buildings building NNS 33589 229 56 of of IN 33589 229 57 a a DT 33589 229 58 similar similar JJ 33589 229 59 type type NN 33589 229 60 , , , 33589 229 61 including include VBG 33589 229 62 one one CD 33589 229 63 dedicated dedicate VBN 33589 229 64 to to IN 33589 229 65 the the DT 33589 229 66 Holy Holy NNP 33589 229 67 Apostles Apostles NNP 33589 229 68 which which WDT 33589 229 69 was be VBD 33589 229 70 cruciform cruciform NN 33589 229 71 in in IN 33589 229 72 plan plan NN 33589 229 73 and and CC 33589 229 74 had have VBD 33589 229 75 five five CD 33589 229 76 domes dome NNS 33589 229 77 . . . 33589 230 1 [ [ -LRB- 33589 230 2 Illustration illustration NN 33589 230 3 : : : 33589 230 4 S. S. NNP 33589 230 5 Sophia Sophia NNP 33589 230 6 , , , 33589 230 7 Constantinople Constantinople NNP 33589 230 8 ] ] -RRB- 33589 230 9 The the DT 33589 230 10 most most RBS 33589 230 11 distinctive distinctive JJ 33589 230 12 peculiarity peculiarity NN 33589 230 13 of of IN 33589 230 14 Byzantine byzantine JJ 33589 230 15 architecture architecture NN 33589 230 16 is be VBZ 33589 230 17 the the DT 33589 230 18 roofing roofing NN 33589 230 19 over over RP 33589 230 20 of of IN 33589 230 21 square square JJ 33589 230 22 spaces space NNS 33589 230 23 with with IN 33589 230 24 the the DT 33589 230 25 aid aid NN 33589 230 26 of of IN 33589 230 27 the the DT 33589 230 28 pendentive pendentive NN 33589 230 29 , , , 33589 230 30 a a DT 33589 230 31 clever clever JJ 33589 230 32 expedient expedient NN 33589 230 33 already already RB 33589 230 34 explained explain VBD 33589 230 35 , , , 33589 230 36 that that DT 33589 230 37 was be VBD 33589 230 38 carried carry VBN 33589 230 39 to to IN 33589 230 40 great great JJ 33589 230 41 perfection perfection NN 33589 230 42 by by IN 33589 230 43 the the DT 33589 230 44 builders builder NNS 33589 230 45 of of IN 33589 230 46 Constantinople Constantinople NNP 33589 230 47 and and CC 33589 230 48 those those DT 33589 230 49 who who WP 33589 230 50 elsewhere elsewhere RB 33589 230 51 followed follow VBD 33589 230 52 their -PRON- PRP$ 33589 230 53 example example NN 33589 230 54 . . . 33589 231 1 Previously previously RB 33589 231 2 employed employ VBN 33589 231 3 in in IN 33589 231 4 comparatively comparatively RB 33589 231 5 small small JJ 33589 231 6 structures structure NNS 33589 231 7 , , , 33589 231 8 it -PRON- PRP 33589 231 9 now now RB 33589 231 10 became become VBD 33589 231 11 the the DT 33589 231 12 fundamental fundamental JJ 33589 231 13 principle principle NN 33589 231 14 for for IN 33589 231 15 the the DT 33589 231 16 roofing roofing NN 33589 231 17 over over RP 33589 231 18 of of IN 33589 231 19 spaces space NNS 33589 231 20 of of IN 33589 231 21 a a DT 33589 231 22 great great JJ 33589 231 23 variety variety NN 33589 231 24 of of IN 33589 231 25 extent extent NN 33589 231 26 , , , 33589 231 27 groups group NNS 33589 231 28 of of IN 33589 231 29 domes dome NNS 33589 231 30 and and CC 33589 231 31 semi semi JJ 33589 231 32 - - JJ 33589 231 33 domes dome NNS 33589 231 34 , , , 33589 231 35 in in IN 33589 231 36 many many JJ 33589 231 37 cases case NNS 33589 231 38 supplemented supplement VBN 33589 231 39 by by IN 33589 231 40 tapering taper VBG 33589 231 41 towers tower NNS 33589 231 42 rising rise VBG 33589 231 43 with with IN 33589 231 44 imposing impose VBG 33589 231 45 effect effect NN 33589 231 46 from from IN 33589 231 47 massive massive JJ 33589 231 48 outer outer JJ 33589 231 49 walls wall NNS 33589 231 50 . . . 33589 232 1 The the DT 33589 232 2 long long JJ 33589 232 3 aisles aisle NNS 33589 232 4 and and CC 33589 232 5 nave nave NN 33589 232 6 of of IN 33589 232 7 the the DT 33589 232 8 Roman roman JJ 33589 232 9 and and CC 33589 232 10 early early JJ 33589 232 11 Christian christian JJ 33589 232 12 basilicas basilica NNS 33589 232 13 were be VBD 33589 232 14 replaced replace VBN 33589 232 15 by by IN 33589 232 16 a a DT 33589 232 17 more more RBR 33589 232 18 or or CC 33589 232 19 less less JJR 33589 232 20 square square JJ 33589 232 21 plan plan NN 33589 232 22 , , , 33589 232 23 lofty lofty JJ 33589 232 24 piers pier NNS 33589 232 25 spanned span VBN 33589 232 26 by by IN 33589 232 27 arches arch NNS 33589 232 28 upholding uphold VBG 33589 232 29 the the DT 33589 232 30 central central JJ 33589 232 31 cupola cupola NN 33589 232 32 , , , 33589 232 33 whilst whilst IN 33589 232 34 the the DT 33589 232 35 galleries gallery NNS 33589 232 36 above above IN 33589 232 37 the the DT 33589 232 38 aisles aisle NNS 33589 232 39 rested rest VBD 33589 232 40 on on IN 33589 232 41 slender slend JJR 33589 232 42 columns column NNS 33589 232 43 such such JJ 33589 232 44 as as IN 33589 232 45 were be VBD 33589 232 46 also also RB 33589 232 47 employed employ VBN 33589 232 48 to to TO 33589 232 49 rail rail VB 33589 232 50 off off RP 33589 232 51 the the DT 33589 232 52 sanctuary sanctuary NN 33589 232 53 and and CC 33589 232 54 narthex narthex NNP 33589 232 55 from from IN 33589 232 56 the the DT 33589 232 57 main main JJ 33589 232 58 body body NN 33589 232 59 of of IN 33589 232 60 the the DT 33589 232 61 building building NN 33589 232 62 . . . 33589 233 1 The the DT 33589 233 2 whole whole NN 33589 233 3 of of IN 33589 233 4 the the DT 33589 233 5 interior interior NN 33589 233 6 , , , 33589 233 7 which which WDT 33589 233 8 was be VBD 33589 233 9 lighted light VBN 33589 233 10 from from IN 33589 233 11 windows window NNS 33589 233 12 in in IN 33589 233 13 the the DT 33589 233 14 dome dome NN 33589 233 15 , , , 33589 233 16 was be VBD 33589 233 17 most most RBS 33589 233 18 profusely profusely RB 33589 233 19 decorated decorate VBN 33589 233 20 , , , 33589 233 21 the the DT 33589 233 22 walls wall NNS 33589 233 23 having have VBG 33589 233 24 dados dado NNS 33589 233 25 or or CC 33589 233 26 slabs slab NNS 33589 233 27 of of IN 33589 233 28 different different JJ 33589 233 29 coloured coloured JJ 33589 233 30 marbles marble NNS 33589 233 31 supplemented supplement VBN 33589 233 32 by by IN 33589 233 33 mosaics mosaic NNS 33589 233 34 , , , 33589 233 35 with with IN 33589 233 36 which which WDT 33589 233 37 every every DT 33589 233 38 portion portion NN 33589 233 39 of of IN 33589 233 40 the the DT 33589 233 41 domes dome NNS 33589 233 42 , , , 33589 233 43 semi semi JJ 33589 233 44 - - JJ 33589 233 45 domes dome NNS 33589 233 46 , , , 33589 233 47 and and CC 33589 233 48 pendentives pendentive NNS 33589 233 49 were be VBD 33589 233 50 also also RB 33589 233 51 covered cover VBN 33589 233 52 , , , 33589 233 53 whilst whilst IN 33589 233 54 the the DT 33589 233 55 columns column NNS 33589 233 56 , , , 33589 233 57 in in IN 33589 233 58 many many JJ 33589 233 59 cases case NNS 33589 233 60 of of IN 33589 233 61 variegated variegate VBN 33589 233 62 marble marble NN 33589 233 63 , , , 33589 233 64 had have VBD 33589 233 65 beautifully beautifully RB 33589 233 66 carved carve VBN 33589 233 67 capitals capital NNS 33589 233 68 of of IN 33589 233 69 an an DT 33589 233 70 infinite infinite JJ 33589 233 71 variety variety NN 33589 233 72 of of IN 33589 233 73 design design NN 33589 233 74 . . . 33589 234 1 It -PRON- PRP 33589 234 2 is be VBZ 33589 234 3 customary customary JJ 33589 234 4 to to TO 33589 234 5 divide divide VB 33589 234 6 the the DT 33589 234 7 history history NN 33589 234 8 of of IN 33589 234 9 the the DT 33589 234 10 development development NN 33589 234 11 of of IN 33589 234 12 Byzantine byzantine JJ 33589 234 13 architecture architecture NN 33589 234 14 into into IN 33589 234 15 two two CD 33589 234 16 distinct distinct JJ 33589 234 17 periods period NNS 33589 234 18 , , , 33589 234 19 the the DT 33589 234 20 first first JJ 33589 234 21 extending extending NN 33589 234 22 from from IN 33589 234 23 the the DT 33589 234 24 4th 4th NN 33589 234 25 to to IN 33589 234 26 the the DT 33589 234 27 close close NN 33589 234 28 of of IN 33589 234 29 the the DT 33589 234 30 6th 6th JJ 33589 234 31 century century NN 33589 234 32 , , , 33589 234 33 the the DT 33589 234 34 second second JJ 33589 234 35 from from IN 33589 234 36 the the DT 33589 234 37 8th 8th NN 33589 234 38 to to IN 33589 234 39 the the DT 33589 234 40 13th 13th JJ 33589 234 41 century century NN 33589 234 42 , , , 33589 234 43 there there EX 33589 234 44 having have VBG 33589 234 45 been be VBN 33589 234 46 a a DT 33589 234 47 pause pause NN 33589 234 48 between between IN 33589 234 49 them -PRON- PRP 33589 234 50 during during IN 33589 234 51 which which WDT 33589 234 52 no no DT 33589 234 53 buildings building NNS 33589 234 54 of of IN 33589 234 55 any any DT 33589 234 56 importance importance NN 33589 234 57 were be VBD 33589 234 58 erected erect VBN 33589 234 59 owing owe VBG 33589 234 60 to to IN 33589 234 61 the the DT 33589 234 62 wars war NNS 33589 234 63 which which WDT 33589 234 64 convulsed convulse VBD 33589 234 65 alike alike RB 33589 234 66 the the DT 33589 234 67 East East NNP 33589 234 68 and and CC 33589 234 69 the the DT 33589 234 70 West West NNP 33589 234 71 . . . 33589 235 1 As as IN 33589 235 2 already already RB 33589 235 3 stated state VBN 33589 235 4 , , , 33589 235 5 no no DT 33589 235 6 actual actual JJ 33589 235 7 buildings building NNS 33589 235 8 belonging belong VBG 33589 235 9 to to IN 33589 235 10 the the DT 33589 235 11 earlier early JJR 33589 235 12 portion portion NN 33589 235 13 of of IN 33589 235 14 the the DT 33589 235 15 first first JJ 33589 235 16 period period NN 33589 235 17 remain remain VBP 33589 235 18 , , , 33589 235 19 but but CC 33589 235 20 there there EX 33589 235 21 exist exist VBP 33589 235 22 in in IN 33589 235 23 S. S. NNP 33589 235 24 Vitale Vitale NNP 33589 235 25 at at IN 33589 235 26 Ravenna Ravenna NNP 33589 235 27 and and CC 33589 235 28 still still RB 33589 235 29 more more JJR 33589 235 30 in in IN 33589 235 31 S. S. NNP 33589 235 32 Sophia Sophia NNP 33589 235 33 at at IN 33589 235 34 Constantinople Constantinople NNP 33589 235 35 unique unique JJ 33589 235 36 examples example NNS 33589 235 37 of of IN 33589 235 38 the the DT 33589 235 39 golden golden JJ 33589 235 40 age age NN 33589 235 41 of of IN 33589 235 42 Byzantine byzantine JJ 33589 235 43 architecture architecture NN 33589 235 44 , , , 33589 235 45 the the DT 33589 235 46 inspiring inspiring JJ 33589 235 47 influence influence NN 33589 235 48 of of IN 33589 235 49 which which WDT 33589 235 50 was be VBD 33589 235 51 felt feel VBN 33589 235 52 throughout throughout IN 33589 235 53 the the DT 33589 235 54 whole whole NN 33589 235 55 of of IN 33589 235 56 Europe Europe NNP 33589 235 57 and and CC 33589 235 58 the the DT 33589 235 59 greater great JJR 33589 235 60 part part NN 33589 235 61 of of IN 33589 235 62 Asia Asia NNP 33589 235 63 . . . 33589 236 1 The the DT 33589 236 2 former former JJ 33589 236 3 church church NN 33589 236 4 , , , 33589 236 5 begun begin VBN 33589 236 6 about about RB 33589 236 7 526 526 CD 33589 236 8 , , , 33589 236 9 is be VBZ 33589 236 10 of of IN 33589 236 11 octagonal octagonal JJ 33589 236 12 plan plan NN 33589 236 13 , , , 33589 236 14 each each DT 33589 236 15 division division NN 33589 236 16 , , , 33589 236 17 except except IN 33589 236 18 that that IN 33589 236 19 containing contain VBG 33589 236 20 the the DT 33589 236 21 choir choir NN 33589 236 22 , , , 33589 236 23 with with IN 33589 236 24 an an DT 33589 236 25 apse apse NN 33589 236 26 of of IN 33589 236 27 its -PRON- PRP$ 33589 236 28 own own JJ 33589 236 29 , , , 33589 236 30 and and CC 33589 236 31 though though IN 33589 236 32 the the DT 33589 236 33 interior interior NN 33589 236 34 has have VBZ 33589 236 35 been be VBN 33589 236 36 greatly greatly RB 33589 236 37 spoiled spoil VBN 33589 236 38 by by IN 33589 236 39 restoration restoration NN 33589 236 40 , , , 33589 236 41 the the DT 33589 236 42 general general JJ 33589 236 43 effect effect NN 33589 236 44 of of IN 33589 236 45 the the DT 33589 236 46 vaulted vaulted JJ 33589 236 47 roofing roofing NN 33589 236 48 , , , 33589 236 49 marble marble NN 33589 236 50 casing casing NN 33589 236 51 of of IN 33589 236 52 the the DT 33589 236 53 walls wall NNS 33589 236 54 , , , 33589 236 55 and and CC 33589 236 56 mosaics mosaic NNS 33589 236 57 of of IN 33589 236 58 the the DT 33589 236 59 eastern eastern JJ 33589 236 60 end end NN 33589 236 61 is be VBZ 33589 236 62 extremely extremely RB 33589 236 63 fine fine JJ 33589 236 64 . . . 33589 237 1 San San NNP 33589 237 2 Vitale Vitale NNP 33589 237 3 is be VBZ 33589 237 4 , , , 33589 237 5 however however RB 33589 237 6 , , , 33589 237 7 altogether altogether RB 33589 237 8 excelled excel VBN 33589 237 9 by by IN 33589 237 10 the the DT 33589 237 11 world world NN 33589 237 12 - - HYPH 33589 237 13 famous famous JJ 33589 237 14 S. S. NNP 33589 237 15 Sophia Sophia NNP 33589 237 16 , , , 33589 237 17 now now RB 33589 237 18 the the DT 33589 237 19 chief chief JJ 33589 237 20 mosque mosque NN 33589 237 21 of of IN 33589 237 22 Constantinople Constantinople NNP 33589 237 23 , , , 33589 237 24 which which WDT 33589 237 25 occupies occupy VBZ 33589 237 26 the the DT 33589 237 27 site site NN 33589 237 28 of of IN 33589 237 29 a a DT 33589 237 30 basilica basilica NN 33589 237 31 built build VBN 33589 237 32 under under IN 33589 237 33 Constantine Constantine NNP 33589 237 34 , , , 33589 237 35 that that WDT 33589 237 36 was be VBD 33589 237 37 burnt burn VBN 33589 237 38 down down RP 33589 237 39 early early RB 33589 237 40 in in IN 33589 237 41 the the DT 33589 237 42 reign reign NN 33589 237 43 of of IN 33589 237 44 Justinian Justinian NNP 33589 237 45 . . . 33589 238 1 The the DT 33589 238 2 latter latter JJ 33589 238 3 emperor emperor NN 33589 238 4 at at IN 33589 238 5 once once RB 33589 238 6 ordered order VBD 33589 238 7 the the DT 33589 238 8 erection erection NN 33589 238 9 of of IN 33589 238 10 its -PRON- PRP$ 33589 238 11 successor successor NN 33589 238 12 , , , 33589 238 13 appointing appoint VBG 33589 238 14 as as IN 33589 238 15 architects architect NNS 33589 238 16 Anthemios Anthemios NNPS 33589 238 17 of of IN 33589 238 18 Thralles Thralles NNPS 33589 238 19 and and CC 33589 238 20 Isodoros Isodoros NNP 33589 238 21 of of IN 33589 238 22 Miletus Miletus NNP 33589 238 23 . . . 33589 239 1 Begun begin VBN 33589 239 2 in in IN 33589 239 3 532 532 CD 33589 239 4 and and CC 33589 239 5 completed complete VBN 33589 239 6 in in IN 33589 239 7 537 537 CD 33589 239 8 , , , 33589 239 9 S. S. NNP 33589 239 10 Sophia Sophia NNP 33589 239 11 is be VBZ 33589 239 12 of of IN 33589 239 13 very very RB 33589 239 14 simple simple JJ 33589 239 15 yet yet RB 33589 239 16 most most RBS 33589 239 17 dignified dignified JJ 33589 239 18 external external JJ 33589 239 19 appearance appearance NN 33589 239 20 , , , 33589 239 21 so so RB 33589 239 22 symmetrical symmetrical JJ 33589 239 23 is be VBZ 33589 239 24 the the DT 33589 239 25 grouping grouping NN 33589 239 26 of of IN 33589 239 27 its -PRON- PRP$ 33589 239 28 many many JJ 33589 239 29 domes dome NNS 33589 239 30 and and CC 33589 239 31 semi semi JJ 33589 239 32 - - JJ 33589 239 33 domes dome NNS 33589 239 34 , , , 33589 239 35 whilst whilst IN 33589 239 36 the the DT 33589 239 37 interior interior NNP 33589 239 38 , , , 33589 239 39 though though IN 33589 239 40 it -PRON- PRP 33589 239 41 has have VBZ 33589 239 42 none none NN 33589 239 43 of of IN 33589 239 44 the the DT 33589 239 45 rich rich JJ 33589 239 46 colouring colour VBG 33589 239 47 usual usual JJ 33589 239 48 in in IN 33589 239 49 oriental oriental JJ 33589 239 50 buildings building NNS 33589 239 51 , , , 33589 239 52 is be VBZ 33589 239 53 unsurpassed unsurpassed JJ 33589 239 54 in in IN 33589 239 55 the the DT 33589 239 56 harmony harmony NN 33589 239 57 of of IN 33589 239 58 its -PRON- PRP$ 33589 239 59 structural structural JJ 33589 239 60 details detail NNS 33589 239 61 , , , 33589 239 62 all all DT 33589 239 63 of of IN 33589 239 64 which which WDT 33589 239 65 lead lead VBP 33589 239 66 up up RP 33589 239 67 , , , 33589 239 68 as as IN 33589 239 69 it -PRON- PRP 33589 239 70 were be VBD 33589 239 71 , , , 33589 239 72 to to IN 33589 239 73 the the DT 33589 239 74 huge huge JJ 33589 239 75 central central JJ 33589 239 76 dome dome NN 33589 239 77 , , , 33589 239 78 the the DT 33589 239 79 lower low JJR 33589 239 80 portion portion NN 33589 239 81 of of IN 33589 239 82 which which WDT 33589 239 83 is be VBZ 33589 239 84 pierced pierce VBN 33589 239 85 with with IN 33589 239 86 a a DT 33589 239 87 series series NN 33589 239 88 of of IN 33589 239 89 small small JJ 33589 239 90 windows window NNS 33589 239 91 throwing throw VBG 33589 239 92 a a DT 33589 239 93 flood flood NN 33589 239 94 of of IN 33589 239 95 light light NN 33589 239 96 upon upon IN 33589 239 97 the the DT 33589 239 98 vast vast JJ 33589 239 99 circular circular JJ 33589 239 100 space space NN 33589 239 101 below below RB 33589 239 102 . . . 33589 240 1 The the DT 33589 240 2 general general JJ 33589 240 3 plan plan NN 33589 240 4 is be VBZ 33589 240 5 square square JJ 33589 240 6 , , , 33589 240 7 but but CC 33589 240 8 a a DT 33589 240 9 fine fine JJ 33589 240 10 narthex narthex NN 33589 240 11 consisting consist VBG 33589 240 12 of of IN 33589 240 13 two two CD 33589 240 14 spacious spacious JJ 33589 240 15 halls hall NNS 33589 240 16 one one CD 33589 240 17 above above IN 33589 240 18 the the DT 33589 240 19 other other JJ 33589 240 20 projects project NNS 33589 240 21 slightly slightly RB 33589 240 22 beyond beyond IN 33589 240 23 the the DT 33589 240 24 actual actual JJ 33589 240 25 church church NN 33589 240 26 at at IN 33589 240 27 the the DT 33589 240 28 western western JJ 33589 240 29 end end NN 33589 240 30 . . . 33589 241 1 The the DT 33589 241 2 nave nave NN 33589 241 3 , , , 33589 241 4 which which WDT 33589 241 5 is be VBZ 33589 241 6 106 106 CD 33589 241 7 feet foot NNS 33589 241 8 wide wide JJ 33589 241 9 by by IN 33589 241 10 225 225 CD 33589 241 11 long long JJ 33589 241 12 , , , 33589 241 13 has have VBZ 33589 241 14 a a DT 33589 241 15 semicircular semicircular JJ 33589 241 16 apse apse NN 33589 241 17 with with IN 33589 241 18 small small JJ 33589 241 19 recesses recess NNS 33589 241 20 opening opening NN 33589 241 21 out out RP 33589 241 22 of of IN 33589 241 23 it -PRON- PRP 33589 241 24 at at IN 33589 241 25 either either DT 33589 241 26 end end NN 33589 241 27 , , , 33589 241 28 and and CC 33589 241 29 is be VBZ 33589 241 30 separated separate VBN 33589 241 31 from from IN 33589 241 32 the the DT 33589 241 33 aisles aisle NNS 33589 241 34 by by IN 33589 241 35 rows row NNS 33589 241 36 of of IN 33589 241 37 closely closely RB 33589 241 38 set set VBN 33589 241 39 columns column NNS 33589 241 40 with with IN 33589 241 41 ornate ornate JJ 33589 241 42 capitals capital NNS 33589 241 43 , , , 33589 241 44 spanned span VBN 33589 241 45 by by IN 33589 241 46 arches arch NNS 33589 241 47 upholding uphold VBG 33589 241 48 two two CD 33589 241 49 - - HYPH 33589 241 50 storied story VBN 33589 241 51 arcaded arcade VBN 33589 241 52 galleries gallery NNS 33589 241 53 , , , 33589 241 54 roofed roof VBN 33589 241 55 in in RP 33589 241 56 by by IN 33589 241 57 semi semi JJ 33589 241 58 - - NN 33589 241 59 domes dome NNS 33589 241 60 , , , 33589 241 61 except except IN 33589 241 62 at at IN 33589 241 63 the the DT 33589 241 64 northern northern JJ 33589 241 65 and and CC 33589 241 66 southern southern JJ 33589 241 67 ends end NNS 33589 241 68 , , , 33589 241 69 which which WDT 33589 241 70 have have VBP 33589 241 71 walls wall NNS 33589 241 72 with with IN 33589 241 73 numerous numerous JJ 33589 241 74 small small JJ 33589 241 75 windows window NNS 33589 241 76 . . . 33589 242 1 One one CD 33589 242 2 large large JJ 33589 242 3 western western JJ 33589 242 4 window window NN 33589 242 5 illuminates illuminate VBZ 33589 242 6 the the DT 33589 242 7 nave nave NN 33589 242 8 , , , 33589 242 9 and and CC 33589 242 10 there there EX 33589 242 11 is be VBZ 33589 242 12 also also RB 33589 242 13 a a DT 33589 242 14 double double JJ 33589 242 15 circle circle NN 33589 242 16 of of IN 33589 242 17 lights light NNS 33589 242 18 round round IN 33589 242 19 the the DT 33589 242 20 apse apse NN 33589 242 21 , , , 33589 242 22 the the DT 33589 242 23 galleries gallery NNS 33589 242 24 , , , 33589 242 25 and and CC 33589 242 26 the the DT 33589 242 27 narthex narthex NN 33589 242 28 . . . 33589 243 1 Other other JJ 33589 243 2 interesting interesting JJ 33589 243 3 early early JJ 33589 243 4 Byzantine byzantine JJ 33589 243 5 buildings building NNS 33589 243 6 are be VBP 33589 243 7 the the DT 33589 243 8 Baptistery Baptistery NNP 33589 243 9 at at IN 33589 243 10 Kalat Kalat NNP 33589 243 11 - - HYPH 33589 243 12 Seman Seman NNP 33589 243 13 and and CC 33589 243 14 the the DT 33589 243 15 church church NN 33589 243 16 of of IN 33589 243 17 S. S. NNP 33589 243 18 George George NNP 33589 243 19 at at IN 33589 243 20 Ezra Ezra NNP 33589 243 21 , , , 33589 243 22 both both DT 33589 243 23 in in IN 33589 243 24 Syria Syria NNP 33589 243 25 , , , 33589 243 26 each each DT 33589 243 27 of of IN 33589 243 28 which which WDT 33589 243 29 is be VBZ 33589 243 30 of of IN 33589 243 31 square square JJ 33589 243 32 plan plan NN 33589 243 33 with with IN 33589 243 34 an an DT 33589 243 35 octagonal octagonal JJ 33589 243 36 central central JJ 33589 243 37 space space NN 33589 243 38 , , , 33589 243 39 the the DT 33589 243 40 latter latter JJ 33589 243 41 having have VBG 33589 243 42 the the DT 33589 243 43 comparatively comparatively RB 33589 243 44 unusual unusual JJ 33589 243 45 feature feature NN 33589 243 46 of of IN 33589 243 47 a a DT 33589 243 48 dome dome NN 33589 243 49 upheld uphold VBN 33589 243 50 by by IN 33589 243 51 what what WP 33589 243 52 is be VBZ 33589 243 53 known know VBN 33589 243 54 as as IN 33589 243 55 a a DT 33589 243 56 drum drum NN 33589 243 57 , , , 33589 243 58 that that DT 33589 243 59 is be VBZ 33589 243 60 to to TO 33589 243 61 say say VB 33589 243 62 a a DT 33589 243 63 low low JJ 33589 243 64 vertical vertical JJ 33589 243 65 wall wall NN 33589 243 66 instead instead RB 33589 243 67 of of IN 33589 243 68 pendentives pendentive NNS 33589 243 69 . . . 33589 244 1 The the DT 33589 244 2 church church NN 33589 244 3 of of IN 33589 244 4 S. S. NNP 33589 244 5 Sergius Sergius NNP 33589 244 6 at at IN 33589 244 7 Constantinople Constantinople NNP 33589 244 8 , , , 33589 244 9 contemporaneous contemporaneous JJ 33589 244 10 with with IN 33589 244 11 S. S. NNP 33589 244 12 Sophia Sophia NNP 33589 244 13 , , , 33589 244 14 is be VBZ 33589 244 15 specially specially RB 33589 244 16 noteworthy noteworthy JJ 33589 244 17 on on IN 33589 244 18 account account NN 33589 244 19 of of IN 33589 244 20 the the DT 33589 244 21 introduction introduction NN 33589 244 22 in in IN 33589 244 23 it -PRON- PRP 33589 244 24 of of IN 33589 244 25 a a DT 33589 244 26 classic classic JJ 33589 244 27 entablature entablature NN 33589 244 28 , , , 33589 244 29 combined combine VBN 33589 244 30 with with IN 33589 244 31 distinctive distinctive JJ 33589 244 32 Byzantine byzantine JJ 33589 244 33 features feature NNS 33589 244 34 , , , 33589 244 35 with with IN 33589 244 36 which which WDT 33589 244 37 may may MD 33589 244 38 be be VB 33589 244 39 named name VBN 33589 244 40 the the DT 33589 244 41 much much RB 33589 244 42 - - HYPH 33589 244 43 restored restore VBN 33589 244 44 S. S. NNP 33589 244 45 Lorenzo Lorenzo NNP 33589 244 46 at at IN 33589 244 47 Milan Milan NNP 33589 244 48 and and CC 33589 244 49 the the DT 33589 244 50 church church NN 33589 244 51 of of IN 33589 244 52 the the DT 33589 244 53 Virgin Virgin NNP 33589 244 54 at at IN 33589 244 55 Misitra Misitra NNP 33589 244 56 , , , 33589 244 57 the the DT 33589 244 58 ancient ancient JJ 33589 244 59 Sparta Sparta NNP 33589 244 60 . . . 33589 245 1 To to IN 33589 245 2 the the DT 33589 245 3 second second JJ 33589 245 4 period period NN 33589 245 5 of of IN 33589 245 6 Byzantine Byzantine NNP 33589 245 7 Architecture Architecture NNP 33589 245 8 belong belong VBP 33589 245 9 not not RB 33589 245 10 only only RB 33589 245 11 several several JJ 33589 245 12 fine fine JJ 33589 245 13 buildings building NNS 33589 245 14 in in IN 33589 245 15 Constantinople Constantinople NNP 33589 245 16 , , , 33589 245 17 but but CC 33589 245 18 others other NNS 33589 245 19 in in IN 33589 245 20 Greece Greece NNP 33589 245 21 , , , 33589 245 22 Asia Asia NNP 33589 245 23 Minor Minor NNP 33589 245 24 , , , 33589 245 25 the the DT 33589 245 26 North North NNP 33589 245 27 of of IN 33589 245 28 Italy Italy NNP 33589 245 29 , , , 33589 245 30 and and CC 33589 245 31 elsewhere elsewhere RB 33589 245 32 , , , 33589 245 33 all all DT 33589 245 34 of of IN 33589 245 35 which which WDT 33589 245 36 , , , 33589 245 37 though though IN 33589 245 38 they -PRON- PRP 33589 245 39 have have VBP 33589 245 40 the the DT 33589 245 41 leading lead VBG 33589 245 42 structural structural JJ 33589 245 43 features feature NNS 33589 245 44 of of IN 33589 245 45 the the DT 33589 245 46 style style NN 33589 245 47 , , , 33589 245 48 are be VBP 33589 245 49 distinguished distinguish VBN 33589 245 50 by by IN 33589 245 51 certain certain JJ 33589 245 52 minor minor JJ 33589 245 53 local local JJ 33589 245 54 characteristics characteristic NNS 33589 245 55 . . . 33589 246 1 The the DT 33589 246 2 most most RBS 33589 246 3 noteworthy noteworthy JJ 33589 246 4 in in IN 33589 246 5 the the DT 33589 246 6 capital capital NN 33589 246 7 are be VBP 33589 246 8 the the DT 33589 246 9 now now RB 33589 246 10 secularised secularise VBN 33589 246 11 church church NN 33589 246 12 of of IN 33589 246 13 S. S. NNP 33589 246 14 Irene Irene NNP 33589 246 15 , , , 33589 246 16 founded found VBN 33589 246 17 by by IN 33589 246 18 Constantine Constantine NNP 33589 246 19 and and CC 33589 246 20 rebuilt rebuild VBD 33589 246 21 considerably considerably RB 33589 246 22 later later RB 33589 246 23 , , , 33589 246 24 and and CC 33589 246 25 the the DT 33589 246 26 church church NN 33589 246 27 of of IN 33589 246 28 the the DT 33589 246 29 Chora Chora NNP 33589 246 30 monastery monastery NN 33589 246 31 , , , 33589 246 32 specially specially RB 33589 246 33 remarkable remarkable JJ 33589 246 34 for for IN 33589 246 35 its -PRON- PRP$ 33589 246 36 beautiful beautiful JJ 33589 246 37 mosaics mosaic NNS 33589 246 38 , , , 33589 246 39 whilst whilst IN 33589 246 40 in in IN 33589 246 41 Greece Greece NNP 33589 246 42 the the DT 33589 246 43 Churches Churches NNPS 33589 246 44 of of IN 33589 246 45 S. S. NNP 33589 246 46 Nicodemus Nicodemus NNP 33589 246 47 at at IN 33589 246 48 Athens Athens NNP 33589 246 49 and and CC 33589 246 50 that that DT 33589 246 51 of of IN 33589 246 52 Daphni Daphni NNP 33589 246 53 not not RB 33589 246 54 far far RB 33589 246 55 from from IN 33589 246 56 it -PRON- PRP 33589 246 57 , , , 33589 246 58 with with IN 33589 246 59 the the DT 33589 246 60 two two CD 33589 246 61 monastic monastic JJ 33589 246 62 churches church NNS 33589 246 63 at at IN 33589 246 64 Stiris Stiris NNP 33589 246 65 and and CC 33589 246 66 the the DT 33589 246 67 churches church NNS 33589 246 68 of of IN 33589 246 69 S. S. NNP 33589 246 70 Sophia Sophia NNP 33589 246 71 and and CC 33589 246 72 S. S. NNP 33589 246 73 Elias Elias NNP 33589 246 74 , , , 33589 246 75 at at IN 33589 246 76 Salonika Salonika NNP 33589 246 77 , , , 33589 246 78 are be VBP 33589 246 79 all all DT 33589 246 80 thoroughly thoroughly RB 33589 246 81 Byzantine byzantine JJ 33589 246 82 , , , 33589 246 83 bearing bear VBG 33589 246 84 a a DT 33589 246 85 close close JJ 33589 246 86 resemblance resemblance NN 33589 246 87 to to IN 33589 246 88 each each DT 33589 246 89 other other JJ 33589 246 90 . . . 33589 247 1 They -PRON- PRP 33589 247 2 are be VBP 33589 247 3 all all RB 33589 247 4 , , , 33589 247 5 however however RB 33589 247 6 , , , 33589 247 7 excelled excel VBN 33589 247 8 by by IN 33589 247 9 the the DT 33589 247 10 great great JJ 33589 247 11 Cathedral Cathedral NNP 33589 247 12 of of IN 33589 247 13 S. S. NNP 33589 247 14 Marco Marco NNP 33589 247 15 at at IN 33589 247 16 Venice Venice NNP 33589 247 17 , , , 33589 247 18 which which WDT 33589 247 19 rivals rival VBZ 33589 247 20 even even RB 33589 247 21 S. S. NNP 33589 247 22 Sophia Sophia NNP 33589 247 23 in in IN 33589 247 24 the the DT 33589 247 25 exquisite exquisite JJ 33589 247 26 beauty beauty NN 33589 247 27 of of IN 33589 247 28 the the DT 33589 247 29 interior interior NN 33589 247 30 and and CC 33589 247 31 excels excel VBZ 33589 247 32 it -PRON- PRP 33589 247 33 in in IN 33589 247 34 the the DT 33589 247 35 ornate ornate JJ 33589 247 36 richness richness NN 33589 247 37 of of IN 33589 247 38 the the DT 33589 247 39 exterior exterior NN 33589 247 40 . . . 33589 248 1 Founded found VBN 33589 248 2 early early RB 33589 248 3 in in IN 33589 248 4 the the DT 33589 248 5 9th 9th JJ 33589 248 6 century century NN 33589 248 7 , , , 33589 248 8 S. S. NNP 33589 248 9 Marco Marco NNP 33589 248 10 was be VBD 33589 248 11 partially partially RB 33589 248 12 destroyed destroy VBN 33589 248 13 in in IN 33589 248 14 978 978 CD 33589 248 15 and and CC 33589 248 16 rebuilt rebuild VBN 33589 248 17 soon soon RB 33589 248 18 afterwards afterwards RB 33589 248 19 in in IN 33589 248 20 the the DT 33589 248 21 original original JJ 33589 248 22 style style NN 33589 248 23 , , , 33589 248 24 that that DT 33589 248 25 of of IN 33589 248 26 a a DT 33589 248 27 basilica basilica NN 33589 248 28 without without IN 33589 248 29 transepts transept NNS 33589 248 30 , , , 33589 248 31 but but CC 33589 248 32 in in IN 33589 248 33 the the DT 33589 248 34 second second JJ 33589 248 35 half half NN 33589 248 36 of of IN 33589 248 37 the the DT 33589 248 38 11th 11th JJ 33589 248 39 century century NN 33589 248 40 it -PRON- PRP 33589 248 41 was be VBD 33589 248 42 completely completely RB 33589 248 43 transformed transform VBN 33589 248 44 by by IN 33589 248 45 additions addition NNS 33589 248 46 converting convert VBG 33589 248 47 it -PRON- PRP 33589 248 48 into into IN 33589 248 49 a a DT 33589 248 50 cruciform cruciform NN 33589 248 51 building building NN 33589 248 52 , , , 33589 248 53 roofed roof VBN 33589 248 54 over over RP 33589 248 55 by by IN 33589 248 56 five five CD 33589 248 57 domes dome NNS 33589 248 58 of of IN 33589 248 59 the the DT 33589 248 60 same same JJ 33589 248 61 size size NN 33589 248 62 , , , 33589 248 63 and and CC 33589 248 64 with with IN 33589 248 65 five five CD 33589 248 66 arcaded arcade VBN 33589 248 67 porches porch NNS 33589 248 68 at at IN 33589 248 69 the the DT 33589 248 70 western western JJ 33589 248 71 end end NN 33589 248 72 that that WDT 33589 248 73 form form VBP 33589 248 74 one one CD 33589 248 75 of of IN 33589 248 76 the the DT 33589 248 77 grandest grand JJS 33589 248 78 façades façade NNS 33589 248 79 in in IN 33589 248 80 the the DT 33589 248 81 world world NN 33589 248 82 . . . 33589 249 1 Numerous numerous JJ 33589 249 2 columns column NNS 33589 249 3 of of IN 33589 249 4 many many JJ 33589 249 5 covered cover VBN 33589 249 6 marbles marble NNS 33589 249 7 uphold uphold JJ 33589 249 8 graceful graceful JJ 33589 249 9 arches arch NNS 33589 249 10 , , , 33589 249 11 the the DT 33589 249 12 spandrels spandrel NNS 33589 249 13 , , , 33589 249 14 or or CC 33589 249 15 triangular triangular NN 33589 249 16 spaces space NNS 33589 249 17 between between IN 33589 249 18 them -PRON- PRP 33589 249 19 filled fill VBD 33589 249 20 in in RP 33589 249 21 with with IN 33589 249 22 gleaming gleam VBG 33589 249 23 mosaics mosaic NNS 33589 249 24 , , , 33589 249 25 and and CC 33589 249 26 above above IN 33589 249 27 them -PRON- PRP 33589 249 28 rise rise VBP 33589 249 29 other other JJ 33589 249 30 arches arch NNS 33589 249 31 that that WDT 33589 249 32 contrast contrast VBP 33589 249 33 well well RB 33589 249 34 with with IN 33589 249 35 tapering taper VBG 33589 249 36 towers tower NNS 33589 249 37 supported support VBN 33589 249 38 on on IN 33589 249 39 slender slend JJR 33589 249 40 pilasters pilaster NNS 33589 249 41 to to TO 33589 249 42 which which WDT 33589 249 43 the the DT 33589 249 44 domes dome NNS 33589 249 45 beyond beyond IN 33589 249 46 form form NN 33589 249 47 an an DT 33589 249 48 admirable admirable JJ 33589 249 49 background background NN 33589 249 50 . . . 33589 250 1 Within within IN 33589 250 2 the the DT 33589 250 3 church church NN 33589 250 4 to to TO 33589 250 5 which which WDT 33589 250 6 this this DT 33589 250 7 magnificent magnificent JJ 33589 250 8 narthex narthex NN 33589 250 9 gives give VBZ 33589 250 10 entrance entrance NN 33589 250 11 , , , 33589 250 12 an an DT 33589 250 13 infinite infinite JJ 33589 250 14 variety variety NN 33589 250 15 of of IN 33589 250 16 harmonious harmonious JJ 33589 250 17 details detail NNS 33589 250 18 combine combine VBP 33589 250 19 to to TO 33589 250 20 produce produce VB 33589 250 21 an an DT 33589 250 22 entrancing entrancing NN 33589 250 23 effect effect NN 33589 250 24 : : : 33589 250 25 one one CD 33589 250 26 charming charm VBG 33589 250 27 vista vista NN 33589 250 28 succeeding succeed VBG 33589 250 29 another another DT 33589 250 30 , , , 33589 250 31 the the DT 33589 250 32 whole whole NN 33589 250 33 flooded flood VBN 33589 250 34 with with IN 33589 250 35 light light NN 33589 250 36 from from IN 33589 250 37 a a DT 33589 250 38 vast vast JJ 33589 250 39 number number NN 33589 250 40 of of IN 33589 250 41 windows window NNS 33589 250 42 , , , 33589 250 43 there there EX 33589 250 44 being be VBG 33589 250 45 no no DT 33589 250 46 less less JJR 33589 250 47 than than IN 33589 250 48 eighty eighty CD 33589 250 49 in in IN 33589 250 50 the the DT 33589 250 51 domes dome NNS 33589 250 52 alone alone RB 33589 250 53 . . . 33589 251 1 Mosaics mosaic NNS 33589 251 2 of of IN 33589 251 3 different different JJ 33589 251 4 dates date NNS 33589 251 5 and and CC 33589 251 6 greatly greatly RB 33589 251 7 varying vary VBG 33589 251 8 æsthetic æsthetic JJ 33589 251 9 merit merit NN 33589 251 10 completely completely RB 33589 251 11 clothe clothe VBD 33589 251 12 the the DT 33589 251 13 surfaces surface NNS 33589 251 14 of of IN 33589 251 15 the the DT 33589 251 16 vaulting vaulting NN 33589 251 17 , , , 33589 251 18 the the DT 33589 251 19 capitals capital NNS 33589 251 20 of of IN 33589 251 21 the the DT 33589 251 22 columns column NNS 33589 251 23 -- -- : 33589 251 24 many many JJ 33589 251 25 of of IN 33589 251 26 which which WDT 33589 251 27 , , , 33589 251 28 by by IN 33589 251 29 the the DT 33589 251 30 way way NN 33589 251 31 , , , 33589 251 32 are be VBP 33589 251 33 purely purely RB 33589 251 34 decorative decorative JJ 33589 251 35 , , , 33589 251 36 upholding uphold VBG 33589 251 37 no no DT 33589 251 38 arches arch NNS 33589 251 39 -- -- : 33589 251 40 are be VBP 33589 251 41 elaborately elaborately RB 33589 251 42 carved carve VBN 33589 251 43 , , , 33589 251 44 and and CC 33589 251 45 the the DT 33589 251 46 flooring flooring NN 33589 251 47 is be VBZ 33589 251 48 of of IN 33589 251 49 marble marble NN 33589 251 50 , , , 33589 251 51 slabs slab NNS 33589 251 52 of of IN 33589 251 53 considerable considerable JJ 33589 251 54 size size NN 33589 251 55 being be VBG 33589 251 56 set set VBN 33589 251 57 in in IN 33589 251 58 patterns pattern NNS 33589 251 59 of of IN 33589 251 60 tesseræ tesseræ NN 33589 251 61 . . . 33589 252 1 In in IN 33589 252 2 the the DT 33589 252 3 various various JJ 33589 252 4 countries country NNS 33589 252 5 which which WDT 33589 252 6 fell fall VBD 33589 252 7 under under IN 33589 252 8 the the DT 33589 252 9 influence influence NN 33589 252 10 of of IN 33589 252 11 the the DT 33589 252 12 followers follower NNS 33589 252 13 of of IN 33589 252 14 Mahommed Mahommed NNP 33589 252 15 a a DT 33589 252 16 style style NN 33589 252 17 of of IN 33589 252 18 architecture architecture NN 33589 252 19 was be VBD 33589 252 20 evolved evolve VBN 33589 252 21 that that WDT 33589 252 22 had have VBD 33589 252 23 marked mark VBN 33589 252 24 affinities affinity NNS 33589 252 25 with with IN 33589 252 26 the the DT 33589 252 27 Byzantine Byzantine NNP 33589 252 28 , , , 33589 252 29 the the DT 33589 252 30 first first JJ 33589 252 31 mosques mosque NNS 33589 252 32 having have VBG 33589 252 33 been be VBN 33589 252 34 designed design VBN 33589 252 35 , , , 33589 252 36 it -PRON- PRP 33589 252 37 is be VBZ 33589 252 38 supposed suppose VBN 33589 252 39 , , , 33589 252 40 by by IN 33589 252 41 Christian christian JJ 33589 252 42 architects architect NNS 33589 252 43 of of IN 33589 252 44 Oriental oriental JJ 33589 252 45 origin origin NN 33589 252 46 , , , 33589 252 47 who who WP 33589 252 48 retained retain VBD 33589 252 49 the the DT 33589 252 50 square square JJ 33589 252 51 or or CC 33589 252 52 circular circular JJ 33589 252 53 ground ground NN 33589 252 54 - - HYPH 33589 252 55 plan plan NN 33589 252 56 of of IN 33589 252 57 early early JJ 33589 252 58 churches church NNS 33589 252 59 , , , 33589 252 60 though though IN 33589 252 61 they -PRON- PRP 33589 252 62 modified modify VBD 33589 252 63 the the DT 33589 252 64 interior interior NNP 33589 252 65 to to TO 33589 252 66 suit suit VB 33589 252 67 the the DT 33589 252 68 requirements requirement NNS 33589 252 69 of of IN 33589 252 70 the the DT 33589 252 71 new new JJ 33589 252 72 religion religion NN 33589 252 73 , , , 33589 252 74 introducing introduce VBG 33589 252 75 , , , 33589 252 76 for for IN 33589 252 77 instance instance NN 33589 252 78 , , , 33589 252 79 a a DT 33589 252 80 central central JJ 33589 252 81 tank tank NN 33589 252 82 for for IN 33589 252 83 ablutions ablution NNS 33589 252 84 . . . 33589 253 1 Mosques mosque NNS 33589 253 2 intended intend VBN 33589 253 3 for for IN 33589 253 4 worship worship NN 33589 253 5 only only RB 33589 253 6 , , , 33589 253 7 generally generally RB 33589 253 8 had have VBD 33589 253 9 flat flat JJ 33589 253 10 roofs roof NNS 33589 253 11 , , , 33589 253 12 the the DT 33589 253 13 use use NN 33589 253 14 of of IN 33589 253 15 the the DT 33589 253 16 dome dome NN 33589 253 17 being be VBG 33589 253 18 at at IN 33589 253 19 first first JJ 33589 253 20 distinctive distinctive NN 33589 253 21 of of IN 33589 253 22 a a DT 33589 253 23 burial burial NN 33589 253 24 place place NN 33589 253 25 , , , 33589 253 26 but but CC 33589 253 27 as as IN 33589 253 28 it -PRON- PRP 33589 253 29 very very RB 33589 253 30 soon soon RB 33589 253 31 became become VBD 33589 253 32 usual usual JJ 33589 253 33 to to TO 33589 253 34 inter inter VB 33589 253 35 in in IN 33589 253 36 mosques mosque NNS 33589 253 37 , , , 33589 253 38 the the DT 33589 253 39 dome dome NN 33589 253 40 came come VBD 33589 253 41 to to TO 33589 253 42 be be VB 33589 253 43 quoted quote VBN 33589 253 44 as as IN 33589 253 45 a a DT 33589 253 46 distinctive distinctive JJ 33589 253 47 feature feature NN 33589 253 48 of of IN 33589 253 49 them -PRON- PRP 33589 253 50 . . . 33589 254 1 By by IN 33589 254 2 degrees degree NNS 33589 254 3 simple simple JJ 33589 254 4 unadorned unadorned JJ 33589 254 5 mosques mosque NNS 33589 254 6 were be VBD 33589 254 7 replaced replace VBN 33589 254 8 by by IN 33589 254 9 vast vast JJ 33589 254 10 buildings building NNS 33589 254 11 with with IN 33589 254 12 many many JJ 33589 254 13 arcaded arcade VBN 33589 254 14 courts court NNS 33589 254 15 entered enter VBN 33589 254 16 from from IN 33589 254 17 ornate ornate JJ 33589 254 18 lateral lateral JJ 33589 254 19 doorways doorway NNS 33589 254 20 , , , 33589 254 21 whilst whilst IN 33589 254 22 certain certain JJ 33589 254 23 characteristic characteristic JJ 33589 254 24 features feature NNS 33589 254 25 were be VBD 33589 254 26 introduced introduce VBN 33589 254 27 , , , 33589 254 28 of of IN 33589 254 29 which which WDT 33589 254 30 the the DT 33589 254 31 chief chief NN 33589 254 32 were be VBD 33589 254 33 the the DT 33589 254 34 stalactite stalactite JJ 33589 254 35 vaulting vaulting NN 33589 254 36 , , , 33589 254 37 the the DT 33589 254 38 name name NN 33589 254 39 of of IN 33589 254 40 which which WDT 33589 254 41 explains explain VBZ 33589 254 42 itself -PRON- PRP 33589 254 43 , , , 33589 254 44 the the DT 33589 254 45 horse horse NN 33589 254 46 - - HYPH 33589 254 47 shoe shoe NN 33589 254 48 arch arch NN 33589 254 49 , , , 33589 254 50 and and CC 33589 254 51 the the DT 33589 254 52 minaret minaret NN 33589 254 53 , , , 33589 254 54 the the DT 33589 254 55 last last JJ 33589 254 56 named name VBN 33589 254 57 a a DT 33589 254 58 turret turret NN 33589 254 59 of of IN 33589 254 60 several several JJ 33589 254 61 stories story NNS 33589 254 62 gradually gradually RB 33589 254 63 decreasing decrease VBG 33589 254 64 in in IN 33589 254 65 circumference circumference NN 33589 254 66 , , , 33589 254 67 each each DT 33589 254 68 with with IN 33589 254 69 a a DT 33589 254 70 balcony balcony NN 33589 254 71 of of IN 33589 254 72 its -PRON- PRP$ 33589 254 73 own own JJ 33589 254 74 from from IN 33589 254 75 which which WDT 33589 254 76 the the DT 33589 254 77 mueddin mueddin NNP 33589 254 78 calls call VBZ 33589 254 79 the the DT 33589 254 80 faithful faithful JJ 33589 254 81 to to IN 33589 254 82 prayer prayer NN 33589 254 83 . . . 33589 255 1 Pointed pointed JJ 33589 255 2 arches arch NNS 33589 255 3 were be VBD 33589 255 4 also also RB 33589 255 5 constantly constantly RB 33589 255 6 employed employ VBN 33589 255 7 as as RB 33589 255 8 well well RB 33589 255 9 as as IN 33589 255 10 the the DT 33589 255 11 form form NN 33589 255 12 known know VBN 33589 255 13 as as IN 33589 255 14 cusped cuspe VBN 33589 255 15 , , , 33589 255 16 that that DT 33589 255 17 is be VBZ 33589 255 18 to to TO 33589 255 19 say say VB 33589 255 20 one one CD 33589 255 21 with with IN 33589 255 22 a a DT 33589 255 23 triangular triangular JJ 33589 255 24 projection projection NN 33589 255 25 springing springing NN 33589 255 26 from from IN 33589 255 27 the the DT 33589 255 28 inner inner JJ 33589 255 29 curve curve NN 33589 255 30 . . . 33589 256 1 A a DT 33589 256 2 minor minor JJ 33589 256 3 but but CC 33589 256 4 most most RBS 33589 256 5 significant significant JJ 33589 256 6 characteristic characteristic NN 33589 256 7 of of IN 33589 256 8 Saracenic Saracenic NNP 33589 256 9 architecture architecture NN 33589 256 10 is be VBZ 33589 256 11 the the DT 33589 256 12 elaborate elaborate JJ 33589 256 13 surface surface NN 33589 256 14 decoration decoration NN 33589 256 15 in in IN 33589 256 16 which which WDT 33589 256 17 geometrical geometrical JJ 33589 256 18 designs design NNS 33589 256 19 , , , 33589 256 20 letters letter NNS 33589 256 21 , , , 33589 256 22 & & CC 33589 256 23 c. c. NNP 33589 256 24 , , , 33589 256 25 are be VBP 33589 256 26 interwoven interwoven JJ 33589 256 27 with with IN 33589 256 28 consummate consummate JJ 33589 256 29 skill skill NN 33589 256 30 , , , 33589 256 31 but but CC 33589 256 32 in in IN 33589 256 33 which which WDT 33589 256 34 no no DT 33589 256 35 figures figure NNS 33589 256 36 of of IN 33589 256 37 animals animal NNS 33589 256 38 are be VBP 33589 256 39 ever ever RB 33589 256 40 introduced introduce VBN 33589 256 41 , , , 33589 256 42 the the DT 33589 256 43 representation representation NN 33589 256 44 of of IN 33589 256 45 life life NN 33589 256 46 being be VBG 33589 256 47 strictly strictly RB 33589 256 48 forbidden forbid VBN 33589 256 49 by by IN 33589 256 50 the the DT 33589 256 51 Koran Koran NNP 33589 256 52 . . . 33589 257 1 Although although IN 33589 257 2 Arabia Arabia NNP 33589 257 3 was be VBD 33589 257 4 the the DT 33589 257 5 birthplace birthplace NN 33589 257 6 of of IN 33589 257 7 the the DT 33589 257 8 founder founder NN 33589 257 9 of of IN 33589 257 10 Islam Islam NNP 33589 257 11 , , , 33589 257 12 there there EX 33589 257 13 are be VBP 33589 257 14 few few JJ 33589 257 15 Saracenic saracenic JJ 33589 257 16 buildings building NNS 33589 257 17 of of IN 33589 257 18 importance importance NN 33589 257 19 in in IN 33589 257 20 it -PRON- PRP 33589 257 21 . . . 33589 258 1 The the DT 33589 258 2 so so RB 33589 258 3 - - HYPH 33589 258 4 called call VBN 33589 258 5 great great JJ 33589 258 6 Mosque Mosque NNP 33589 258 7 at at IN 33589 258 8 Mecca Mecca NNP 33589 258 9 , , , 33589 258 10 which which WDT 33589 258 11 has have VBZ 33589 258 12 been be VBN 33589 258 13 a a DT 33589 258 14 goal goal NN 33589 258 15 of of IN 33589 258 16 pilgrimage pilgrimage NN 33589 258 17 from from IN 33589 258 18 all all DT 33589 258 19 points point NNS 33589 258 20 of of IN 33589 258 21 the the DT 33589 258 22 Mahommedan Mahommedan NNP 33589 258 23 world world NN 33589 258 24 for for IN 33589 258 25 so so RB 33589 258 26 many many JJ 33589 258 27 centuries century NNS 33589 258 28 , , , 33589 258 29 has have VBZ 33589 258 30 been be VBN 33589 258 31 since since IN 33589 258 32 its -PRON- PRP$ 33589 258 33 foundation foundation NN 33589 258 34 completely completely RB 33589 258 35 rebuilt rebuild VBD 33589 258 36 , , , 33589 258 37 not not RB 33589 258 38 assuming assume VBG 33589 258 39 its -PRON- PRP$ 33589 258 40 present present JJ 33589 258 41 form form NN 33589 258 42 until until IN 33589 258 43 the the DT 33589 258 44 middle middle NN 33589 258 45 of of IN 33589 258 46 the the DT 33589 258 47 16th 16th JJ 33589 258 48 century century NN 33589 258 49 . . . 33589 259 1 It -PRON- PRP 33589 259 2 has have VBZ 33589 259 3 little little JJ 33589 259 4 that that WDT 33589 259 5 can can MD 33589 259 6 be be VB 33589 259 7 called call VBN 33589 259 8 architectural architectural JJ 33589 259 9 style style NN 33589 259 10 about about IN 33589 259 11 it -PRON- PRP 33589 259 12 , , , 33589 259 13 consisting consist VBG 33589 259 14 as as IN 33589 259 15 it -PRON- PRP 33589 259 16 does do VBZ 33589 259 17 of of IN 33589 259 18 an an DT 33589 259 19 arcaded arcade VBN 33589 259 20 enclosure enclosure NN 33589 259 21 in in IN 33589 259 22 the the DT 33589 259 23 centre centre NN 33589 259 24 of of IN 33589 259 25 which which WDT 33589 259 26 is be VBZ 33589 259 27 the the DT 33589 259 28 Kaaba Kaaba NNP 33589 259 29 , , , 33589 259 30 a a DT 33589 259 31 heathen heathen NNP 33589 259 32 shrine shrine NN 33589 259 33 that that WDT 33589 259 34 existed exist VBD 33589 259 35 long long RB 33589 259 36 before before IN 33589 259 37 the the DT 33589 259 38 time time NN 33589 259 39 of of IN 33589 259 40 Mohammed Mohammed NNP 33589 259 41 , , , 33589 259 42 the the DT 33589 259 43 whole whole NN 33589 259 44 surrounded surround VBN 33589 259 45 by by IN 33589 259 46 a a DT 33589 259 47 wall wall NN 33589 259 48 with with IN 33589 259 49 several several JJ 33589 259 50 gateways gateway NNS 33589 259 51 and and CC 33589 259 52 minarets minaret NNS 33589 259 53 . . . 33589 260 1 [ [ -LRB- 33589 260 2 Illustration illustration NN 33589 260 3 : : : 33589 260 4 Section Section NNP 33589 260 5 of of IN 33589 260 6 Mosque Mosque NNP 33589 260 7 el el NNP 33589 260 8 Aksah Aksah NNP 33589 260 9 at at IN 33589 260 10 Jerusalem Jerusalem NNP 33589 260 11 ] ] -RRB- 33589 260 12 In in IN 33589 260 13 Jerusalem Jerusalem NNP 33589 260 14 various various JJ 33589 260 15 characteristic characteristic JJ 33589 260 16 buildings building NNS 33589 260 17 bear bear VBP 33589 260 18 witness witness NN 33589 260 19 to to IN 33589 260 20 the the DT 33589 260 21 prevalence prevalence NN 33589 260 22 of of IN 33589 260 23 the the DT 33589 260 24 Mahommedan Mahommedan NNP 33589 260 25 faith faith NN 33589 260 26 in in IN 33589 260 27 the the DT 33589 260 28 Holy Holy NNP 33589 260 29 City City NNP 33589 260 30 of of IN 33589 260 31 the the DT 33589 260 32 Christians Christians NNPS 33589 260 33 , , , 33589 260 34 including include VBG 33589 260 35 the the DT 33589 260 36 7th 7th JJ 33589 260 37 century century NN 33589 260 38 Mosque Mosque NNP 33589 260 39 el el NNP 33589 260 40 Aksah Aksah NNP 33589 260 41 , , , 33589 260 42 originally originally RB 33589 260 43 a a DT 33589 260 44 Christian christian JJ 33589 260 45 church church NN 33589 260 46 transformed transform VBD 33589 260 47 into into IN 33589 260 48 what what WP 33589 260 49 it -PRON- PRP 33589 260 50 now now RB 33589 260 51 is be VBZ 33589 260 52 by by IN 33589 260 53 Calif Calif NNP 33589 260 54 Omar Omar NNP 33589 260 55 , , , 33589 260 56 and and CC 33589 260 57 the the DT 33589 260 58 8th 8th JJ 33589 260 59 century century NN 33589 260 60 shrine shrine NN 33589 260 61 erroneously erroneously RB 33589 260 62 named name VBN 33589 260 63 after after IN 33589 260 64 him -PRON- PRP 33589 260 65 , , , 33589 260 66 also also RB 33589 260 67 known know VBN 33589 260 68 as as IN 33589 260 69 the the DT 33589 260 70 Dome Dome NNP 33589 260 71 of of IN 33589 260 72 the the DT 33589 260 73 Rock Rock NNP 33589 260 74 , , , 33589 260 75 both both DT 33589 260 76 of of IN 33589 260 77 which which WDT 33589 260 78 rise rise VBP 33589 260 79 from from IN 33589 260 80 the the DT 33589 260 81 site site NN 33589 260 82 of of IN 33589 260 83 the the DT 33589 260 84 Jewish jewish JJ 33589 260 85 Temple Temple NNP 33589 260 86 . . . 33589 261 1 The the DT 33589 261 2 latter latter JJ 33589 261 3 is be VBZ 33589 261 4 of of IN 33589 261 5 octagonal octagonal JJ 33589 261 6 plan plan NN 33589 261 7 , , , 33589 261 8 and and CC 33589 261 9 , , , 33589 261 10 though though IN 33589 261 11 its -PRON- PRP$ 33589 261 12 details detail NNS 33589 261 13 are be VBP 33589 261 14 of of IN 33589 261 15 a a DT 33589 261 16 somewhat somewhat RB 33589 261 17 hybrid hybrid JJ 33589 261 18 character character NN 33589 261 19 , , , 33589 261 20 many many JJ 33589 261 21 of of IN 33589 261 22 the the DT 33589 261 23 columns column NNS 33589 261 24 having have VBG 33589 261 25 been be VBN 33589 261 26 filched filch VBN 33589 261 27 from from IN 33589 261 28 other other JJ 33589 261 29 buildings building NNS 33589 261 30 , , , 33589 261 31 whilst whilst IN 33589 261 32 the the DT 33589 261 33 decorations decoration NNS 33589 261 34 of of IN 33589 261 35 the the DT 33589 261 36 great great JJ 33589 261 37 dome dome NN 33589 261 38 and and CC 33589 261 39 of of IN 33589 261 40 the the DT 33589 261 41 exterior exterior NN 33589 261 42 were be VBD 33589 261 43 added add VBN 33589 261 44 in in IN 33589 261 45 the the DT 33589 261 46 16th 16th JJ 33589 261 47 century century NN 33589 261 48 , , , 33589 261 49 is be VBZ 33589 261 50 of of IN 33589 261 51 very very RB 33589 261 52 singular singular JJ 33589 261 53 charm charm NN 33589 261 54 on on IN 33589 261 55 account account NN 33589 261 56 of of IN 33589 261 57 the the DT 33589 261 58 symmetry symmetry NN 33589 261 59 of of IN 33589 261 60 its -PRON- PRP$ 33589 261 61 proportions proportion NNS 33589 261 62 and and CC 33589 261 63 the the DT 33589 261 64 richness richness NN 33589 261 65 of of IN 33589 261 66 its -PRON- PRP$ 33589 261 67 colouring colouring NN 33589 261 68 , , , 33589 261 69 the the DT 33589 261 70 walls wall NNS 33589 261 71 being be VBG 33589 261 72 cased case VBN 33589 261 73 in in IN 33589 261 74 Persian persian JJ 33589 261 75 tiles tile NNS 33589 261 76 and and CC 33589 261 77 the the DT 33589 261 78 windows window NNS 33589 261 79 filled fill VBN 33589 261 80 with with IN 33589 261 81 stained stain VBN 33589 261 82 glass glass NN 33589 261 83 . . . 33589 262 1 It -PRON- PRP 33589 262 2 appears appear VBZ 33589 262 3 to to TO 33589 262 4 have have VB 33589 262 5 been be VBN 33589 262 6 in in IN 33589 262 7 Egypt Egypt NNP 33589 262 8 that that IN 33589 262 9 Saracenic Saracenic NNP 33589 262 10 architecture architecture NN 33589 262 11 , , , 33589 262 12 strictly strictly RB 33589 262 13 so so RB 33589 262 14 - - HYPH 33589 262 15 called call VBN 33589 262 16 , , , 33589 262 17 first first RB 33589 262 18 attained attain VBD 33589 262 19 to to IN 33589 262 20 the the DT 33589 262 21 structural structural JJ 33589 262 22 dignity dignity NN 33589 262 23 and and CC 33589 262 24 appropriateness appropriateness NN 33589 262 25 of of IN 33589 262 26 ornamentation ornamentation NN 33589 262 27 that that WDT 33589 262 28 were be VBD 33589 262 29 to to TO 33589 262 30 distinguish distinguish VB 33589 262 31 it -PRON- PRP 33589 262 32 in in IN 33589 262 33 Persia Persia NNP 33589 262 34 , , , 33589 262 35 Spain Spain NNP 33589 262 36 , , , 33589 262 37 and and CC 33589 262 38 India India NNP 33589 262 39 . . . 33589 263 1 In in IN 33589 263 2 the the DT 33589 263 3 7th 7th JJ 33589 263 4 century century NN 33589 263 5 Mosque Mosque NNP 33589 263 6 of of IN 33589 263 7 Amru Amru NNP 33589 263 8 and and CC 33589 263 9 that that DT 33589 263 10 of of IN 33589 263 11 Ibn Ibn NNP 33589 263 12 Touloun Touloun NNP 33589 263 13 , , , 33589 263 14 dating date VBG 33589 263 15 from from IN 33589 263 16 the the DT 33589 263 17 9th 9th JJ 33589 263 18 century century NN 33589 263 19 , , , 33589 263 20 both both CC 33589 263 21 at at IN 33589 263 22 Cairo Cairo NNP 33589 263 23 , , , 33589 263 24 the the DT 33589 263 25 earlier early JJR 33589 263 26 phases phase NNS 33589 263 27 of of IN 33589 263 28 the the DT 33589 263 29 style style NN 33589 263 30 can can MD 33589 263 31 be be VB 33589 263 32 studied study VBN 33589 263 33 , , , 33589 263 34 whilst whilst IN 33589 263 35 the the DT 33589 263 36 later later JJ 33589 263 37 development development NN 33589 263 38 is be VBZ 33589 263 39 illustrated illustrate VBN 33589 263 40 in in IN 33589 263 41 the the DT 33589 263 42 same same JJ 33589 263 43 city city NN 33589 263 44 by by IN 33589 263 45 the the DT 33589 263 46 13th 13th JJ 33589 263 47 century century NN 33589 263 48 Mosque Mosque NNP 33589 263 49 of of IN 33589 263 50 Kalaoon Kalaoon NNP 33589 263 51 , , , 33589 263 52 the the DT 33589 263 53 14th 14th JJ 33589 263 54 century century NN 33589 263 55 Mosque Mosque NNP 33589 263 56 of of IN 33589 263 57 Sultan Sultan NNP 33589 263 58 Hassan Hassan NNP 33589 263 59 , , , 33589 263 60 that that DT 33589 263 61 has have VBZ 33589 263 62 the the DT 33589 263 63 rare rare JJ 33589 263 64 feature feature NN 33589 263 65 in in IN 33589 263 66 a a DT 33589 263 67 Mahommedan Mahommedan NNP 33589 263 68 building building NN 33589 263 69 of of IN 33589 263 70 a a DT 33589 263 71 cruciform cruciform NN 33589 263 72 plan plan NN 33589 263 73 , , , 33589 263 74 the the DT 33589 263 75 contemporaneous contemporaneous JJ 33589 263 76 Mosque Mosque NNP 33589 263 77 of of IN 33589 263 78 Sultin Sultin NNP 33589 263 79 Barkook Barkook NNP 33589 263 80 , , , 33589 263 81 and and CC 33589 263 82 the the DT 33589 263 83 small small JJ 33589 263 84 15th 15th JJ 33589 263 85 century century NN 33589 263 86 Mosque Mosque NNP 33589 263 87 of of IN 33589 263 88 Kait Kait NNP 33589 263 89 - - HYPH 33589 263 90 Bey Bey NNP 33589 263 91 , , , 33589 263 92 the the DT 33589 263 93 last last JJ 33589 263 94 specially specially RB 33589 263 95 noteworthy noteworthy JJ 33589 263 96 on on IN 33589 263 97 account account NN 33589 263 98 of of IN 33589 263 99 its -PRON- PRP$ 33589 263 100 beautiful beautiful JJ 33589 263 101 internal internal JJ 33589 263 102 decoration decoration NN 33589 263 103 and and CC 33589 263 104 its -PRON- PRP$ 33589 263 105 graceful graceful JJ 33589 263 106 minaret minaret NN 33589 263 107 . . . 33589 264 1 In in IN 33589 264 2 Persia Persia NNP 33589 264 3 the the DT 33589 264 4 finest fine JJS 33589 264 5 mosques mosque NNS 33589 264 6 are be VBP 33589 264 7 the the DT 33589 264 8 13th 13th JJ 33589 264 9 century century NN 33589 264 10 one one CD 33589 264 11 at at IN 33589 264 12 Tabrez Tabrez NNP 33589 264 13 known know VBN 33589 264 14 as as IN 33589 264 15 the the DT 33589 264 16 Blue Blue NNP 33589 264 17 , , , 33589 264 18 and and CC 33589 264 19 that that IN 33589 264 20 at at IN 33589 264 21 Ispahan Ispahan NNP 33589 264 22 dating date VBG 33589 264 23 from from IN 33589 264 24 the the DT 33589 264 25 16th 16th JJ 33589 264 26 century century NN 33589 264 27 , , , 33589 264 28 which which WDT 33589 264 29 has have VBZ 33589 264 30 a a DT 33589 264 31 grand grand JJ 33589 264 32 dome dome NN 33589 264 33 and and CC 33589 264 34 noble noble JJ 33589 264 35 gateways gateway NNS 33589 264 36 with with IN 33589 264 37 pointed pointed JJ 33589 264 38 arches arch NNS 33589 264 39 , , , 33589 264 40 whilst whilst IN 33589 264 41 at at IN 33589 264 42 Serbistan Serbistan NNP 33589 264 43 , , , 33589 264 44 Firanzabad Firanzabad NNP 33589 264 45 , , , 33589 264 46 Ukheithar Ukheithar NNP 33589 264 47 , , , 33589 264 48 Kasir Kasir NNP 33589 264 49 - - HYPH 33589 264 50 i i NNP 33589 264 51 - - HYPH 33589 264 52 Shirin Shirin NNP 33589 264 53 , , , 33589 264 54 and and CC 33589 264 55 elsewhere elsewhere RB 33589 264 56 in in IN 33589 264 57 the the DT 33589 264 58 same same JJ 33589 264 59 country country NN 33589 264 60 are be VBP 33589 264 61 remains remain NNS 33589 264 62 of of IN 33589 264 63 palaces palace NNS 33589 264 64 and and CC 33589 264 65 other other JJ 33589 264 66 secular secular JJ 33589 264 67 buildings building NNS 33589 264 68 , , , 33589 264 69 ranging range VBG 33589 264 70 in in IN 33589 264 71 date date NN 33589 264 72 from from IN 33589 264 73 the the DT 33589 264 74 4th 4th NN 33589 264 75 to to IN 33589 264 76 the the DT 33589 264 77 9th 9th JJ 33589 264 78 century century NN 33589 264 79 , , , 33589 264 80 that that WDT 33589 264 81 give give VBP 33589 264 82 proof proof NN 33589 264 83 of of IN 33589 264 84 great great JJ 33589 264 85 structural structural JJ 33589 264 86 and and CC 33589 264 87 decorative decorative JJ 33589 264 88 skill skill NN 33589 264 89 on on IN 33589 264 90 the the DT 33589 264 91 part part NN 33589 264 92 of of IN 33589 264 93 the the DT 33589 264 94 architects architect NNS 33589 264 95 who who WP 33589 264 96 worked work VBD 33589 264 97 for for IN 33589 264 98 the the DT 33589 264 99 fire fire NN 33589 264 100 - - HYPH 33589 264 101 worshippers worshipper NNS 33589 264 102 , , , 33589 264 103 who who WP 33589 264 104 , , , 33589 264 105 though though IN 33589 264 106 they -PRON- PRP 33589 264 107 required require VBD 33589 264 108 no no DT 33589 264 109 temples temple NNS 33589 264 110 in in IN 33589 264 111 which which WDT 33589 264 112 to to TO 33589 264 113 worship worship VB 33589 264 114 their -PRON- PRP$ 33589 264 115 gods god NNS 33589 264 116 , , , 33589 264 117 lavished lavish VBD 33589 264 118 vast vast JJ 33589 264 119 sums sum NNS 33589 264 120 on on IN 33589 264 121 their -PRON- PRP$ 33589 264 122 own own JJ 33589 264 123 homes home NNS 33589 264 124 . . . 33589 265 1 Beautiful beautiful JJ 33589 265 2 as as IN 33589 265 3 are be VBP 33589 265 4 the the DT 33589 265 5 relics relic NNS 33589 265 6 of of IN 33589 265 7 Saracenic Saracenic NNP 33589 265 8 architecture architecture NN 33589 265 9 in in IN 33589 265 10 Egypt Egypt NNP 33589 265 11 , , , 33589 265 12 Syria Syria NNP 33589 265 13 , , , 33589 265 14 and and CC 33589 265 15 Persia Persia NNP 33589 265 16 , , , 33589 265 17 they -PRON- PRP 33589 265 18 are be VBP 33589 265 19 excelled excel VBN 33589 265 20 by by IN 33589 265 21 many many JJ 33589 265 22 remarkable remarkable JJ 33589 265 23 buildings building NNS 33589 265 24 in in IN 33589 265 25 Spain Spain NNP 33589 265 26 , , , 33589 265 27 where where WRB 33589 265 28 , , , 33589 265 29 after after IN 33589 265 30 the the DT 33589 265 31 conquest conquest NN 33589 265 32 of of IN 33589 265 33 the the DT 33589 265 34 country country NN 33589 265 35 by by IN 33589 265 36 the the DT 33589 265 37 Moors Moors NNPS 33589 265 38 in in IN 33589 265 39 the the DT 33589 265 40 8th 8th JJ 33589 265 41 century century NN 33589 265 42 , , , 33589 265 43 the the DT 33589 265 44 style style NN 33589 265 45 reached reach VBD 33589 265 46 its -PRON- PRP$ 33589 265 47 fullest full JJS 33589 265 48 development development NN 33589 265 49 . . . 33589 266 1 The the DT 33589 266 2 most most RBS 33589 266 3 remarkable remarkable JJ 33589 266 4 examples example NNS 33589 266 5 of of IN 33589 266 6 it -PRON- PRP 33589 266 7 are be VBP 33589 266 8 the the DT 33589 266 9 Mosque Mosque NNP 33589 266 10 at at IN 33589 266 11 Cordova Cordova NNP 33589 266 12 , , , 33589 266 13 begun begin VBN 33589 266 14 in in IN 33589 266 15 786 786 CD 33589 266 16 by by IN 33589 266 17 Abd Abd NNP 33589 266 18 - - HYPH 33589 266 19 el el NNP 33589 266 20 - - HYPH 33589 266 21 Rahman Rahman NNP 33589 266 22 and and CC 33589 266 23 added add VBD 33589 266 24 to to IN 33589 266 25 from from IN 33589 266 26 time time NN 33589 266 27 to to IN 33589 266 28 time time NN 33589 266 29 by by IN 33589 266 30 his -PRON- PRP$ 33589 266 31 successors successor NNS 33589 266 32 , , , 33589 266 33 with with IN 33589 266 34 the the DT 33589 266 35 result result NN 33589 266 36 that that IN 33589 266 37 it -PRON- PRP 33589 266 38 affords afford VBZ 33589 266 39 an an DT 33589 266 40 excellent excellent JJ 33589 266 41 illustration illustration NN 33589 266 42 of of IN 33589 266 43 the the DT 33589 266 44 modification modification NN 33589 266 45 of of IN 33589 266 46 details detail NNS 33589 266 47 that that WDT 33589 266 48 took take VBD 33589 266 49 place place NN 33589 266 50 as as IN 33589 266 51 time time NN 33589 266 52 went go VBD 33589 266 53 on on RP 33589 266 54 ; ; : 33589 266 55 the the DT 33589 266 56 12th 12th JJ 33589 266 57 century century NN 33589 266 58 Giralda Giralda NNP 33589 266 59 or or CC 33589 266 60 Tower Tower NNP 33589 266 61 at at IN 33589 266 62 Seville Seville NNP 33589 266 63 , , , 33589 266 64 noteworthy noteworthy JJ 33589 266 65 for for IN 33589 266 66 its -PRON- PRP$ 33589 266 67 fine fine JJ 33589 266 68 proportions proportion NNS 33589 266 69 and and CC 33589 266 70 effective effective JJ 33589 266 71 surface surface NN 33589 266 72 decoration decoration NN 33589 266 73 , , , 33589 266 74 the the DT 33589 266 75 13th 13th JJ 33589 266 76 century century NN 33589 266 77 Alcazar Alcazar NNP 33589 266 78 or or CC 33589 266 79 castle castle VB 33589 266 80 in in IN 33589 266 81 the the DT 33589 266 82 same same JJ 33589 266 83 town town NN 33589 266 84 , , , 33589 266 85 and and CC 33589 266 86 above above IN 33589 266 87 all all PDT 33589 266 88 the the DT 33589 266 89 Palace Palace NNP 33589 266 90 of of IN 33589 266 91 the the DT 33589 266 92 Alhambra Alhambra NNP 33589 266 93 , , , 33589 266 94 that that WDT 33589 266 95 dominates dominate VBZ 33589 266 96 Granada Granada NNP 33589 266 97 from from IN 33589 266 98 a a DT 33589 266 99 lofty lofty JJ 33589 266 100 height height NN 33589 266 101 above above IN 33589 266 102 the the DT 33589 266 103 city city NN 33589 266 104 , , , 33589 266 105 which which WDT 33589 266 106 was be VBD 33589 266 107 begun begin VBN 33589 266 108 in in IN 33589 266 109 1248 1248 CD 33589 266 110 by by IN 33589 266 111 the the DT 33589 266 112 Moorish moorish JJ 33589 266 113 King King NNP 33589 266 114 , , , 33589 266 115 Ibn Ibn NNP 33589 266 116 - - HYPH 33589 266 117 l l NNP 33589 266 118 - - HYPH 33589 266 119 Ahmar Ahmar NNP 33589 266 120 and and CC 33589 266 121 added add VBN 33589 266 122 to to IN 33589 266 123 by by IN 33589 266 124 his -PRON- PRP$ 33589 266 125 successors successor NNS 33589 266 126 . . . 33589 267 1 Of of IN 33589 267 2 the the DT 33589 267 3 original original JJ 33589 267 4 buildings building NNS 33589 267 5 that that WDT 33589 267 6 , , , 33589 267 7 when when WRB 33589 267 8 first first RB 33589 267 9 completed complete VBN 33589 267 10 , , , 33589 267 11 must must MD 33589 267 12 have have VB 33589 267 13 been be VBN 33589 267 14 one one CD 33589 267 15 of of IN 33589 267 16 the the DT 33589 267 17 grandest grand JJS 33589 267 18 and and CC 33589 267 19 most most RBS 33589 267 20 finely finely RB 33589 267 21 situated situate VBN 33589 267 22 groups group NNS 33589 267 23 in in IN 33589 267 24 the the DT 33589 267 25 world world NN 33589 267 26 , , , 33589 267 27 all all DT 33589 267 28 that that WDT 33589 267 29 now now RB 33589 267 30 remain remain VBP 33589 267 31 are be VBP 33589 267 32 the the DT 33589 267 33 towers tower NNS 33589 267 34 of of IN 33589 267 35 the the DT 33589 267 36 north north NNP 33589 267 37 wall wall NN 33589 267 38 , , , 33589 267 39 in in IN 33589 267 40 one one CD 33589 267 41 of of IN 33589 267 42 which which WDT 33589 267 43 is be VBZ 33589 267 44 the the DT 33589 267 45 vast vast JJ 33589 267 46 hall hall NN 33589 267 47 of of IN 33589 267 48 the the DT 33589 267 49 Ambassadors Ambassadors NNPS 33589 267 50 , , , 33589 267 51 and and CC 33589 267 52 various various JJ 33589 267 53 colonnaded colonnade VBN 33589 267 54 rooms room NNS 33589 267 55 and and CC 33589 267 56 porticoes portico NNS 33589 267 57 ranged range VBD 33589 267 58 round round RB 33589 267 59 two two CD 33589 267 60 spacious spacious JJ 33589 267 61 courts court NNS 33589 267 62 , , , 33589 267 63 one one PRP 33589 267 64 called call VBD 33589 267 65 that that DT 33589 267 66 of of IN 33589 267 67 the the DT 33589 267 68 Fishpond Fishpond NNP 33589 267 69 , , , 33589 267 70 the the DT 33589 267 71 other other JJ 33589 267 72 that that DT 33589 267 73 of of IN 33589 267 74 the the DT 33589 267 75 Lions lion NNS 33589 267 76 . . . 33589 268 1 The the DT 33589 268 2 delicate delicate JJ 33589 268 3 grace grace NN 33589 268 4 of of IN 33589 268 5 the the DT 33589 268 6 columns column NNS 33589 268 7 and and CC 33589 268 8 arches arch NNS 33589 268 9 , , , 33589 268 10 with with IN 33589 268 11 the the DT 33589 268 12 richness richness NN 33589 268 13 of of IN 33589 268 14 their -PRON- PRP$ 33589 268 15 decoration decoration NN 33589 268 16 and and CC 33589 268 17 of of IN 33589 268 18 every every DT 33589 268 19 inch inch NN 33589 268 20 of of IN 33589 268 21 surface surface NN 33589 268 22 , , , 33589 268 23 has have VBZ 33589 268 24 never never RB 33589 268 25 been be VBN 33589 268 26 surpassed surpass VBN 33589 268 27 either either CC 33589 268 28 in in IN 33589 268 29 beauty beauty NN 33589 268 30 of of IN 33589 268 31 design design NN 33589 268 32 or or CC 33589 268 33 harmony harmony NN 33589 268 34 of of IN 33589 268 35 colour colour NN 33589 268 36 , , , 33589 268 37 whilst whilst IN 33589 268 38 the the DT 33589 268 39 effects effect NNS 33589 268 40 of of IN 33589 268 41 perspective perspective NN 33589 268 42 from from IN 33589 268 43 the the DT 33589 268 44 doorways doorway NNS 33589 268 45 and and CC 33589 268 46 other other JJ 33589 268 47 points point NNS 33589 268 48 of of IN 33589 268 49 view view NN 33589 268 50 are be VBP 33589 268 51 equally equally RB 33589 268 52 unrivalled unrivalled JJ 33589 268 53 . . . 33589 269 1 No no DT 33589 269 2 single single JJ 33589 269 3 detail detail NN 33589 269 4 is be VBZ 33589 269 5 superfluous superfluous JJ 33589 269 6 or or CC 33589 269 7 without without IN 33589 269 8 its -PRON- PRP$ 33589 269 9 special special JJ 33589 269 10 meaning meaning NN 33589 269 11 in in IN 33589 269 12 relation relation NN 33589 269 13 to to IN 33589 269 14 the the DT 33589 269 15 whole whole NN 33589 269 16 , , , 33589 269 17 and and CC 33589 269 18 even even RB 33589 269 19 what what WP 33589 269 20 to to IN 33589 269 21 the the DT 33589 269 22 uninitiated uninitiated JJ 33589 269 23 appear appear NN 33589 269 24 mere mere JJ 33589 269 25 geometrical geometrical JJ 33589 269 26 designs design NNS 33589 269 27 on on IN 33589 269 28 the the DT 33589 269 29 walls wall NNS 33589 269 30 , , , 33589 269 31 lintels lintel NNS 33589 269 32 , , , 33589 269 33 & & CC 33589 269 34 c. c. NNP 33589 269 35 , , , 33589 269 36 are be VBP 33589 269 37 quotations quotation NNS 33589 269 38 from from IN 33589 269 39 the the DT 33589 269 40 Koran Koran NNP 33589 269 41 and and CC 33589 269 42 classic classic JJ 33589 269 43 Arabic arabic JJ 33589 269 44 poetry poetry NN 33589 269 45 . . . 33589 270 1 [ [ -LRB- 33589 270 2 Illustration illustration NN 33589 270 3 : : : 33589 270 4 Section section NN 33589 270 5 of of IN 33589 270 6 Mosque Mosque NNP 33589 270 7 at at IN 33589 270 8 Cordoba Cordoba NNP 33589 270 9 ] ] -RRB- 33589 270 10 When when WRB 33589 270 11 through through IN 33589 270 12 the the DT 33589 270 13 breaking breaking NN 33589 270 14 up up RP 33589 270 15 of of IN 33589 270 16 the the DT 33589 270 17 power power NN 33589 270 18 of of IN 33589 270 19 the the DT 33589 270 20 Moors Moors NNPS 33589 270 21 in in IN 33589 270 22 Spain Spain NNP 33589 270 23 , , , 33589 270 24 the the DT 33589 270 25 architecture architecture NN 33589 270 26 introduced introduce VBN 33589 270 27 by by IN 33589 270 28 them -PRON- PRP 33589 270 29 seemed seem VBD 33589 270 30 fated fate VBN 33589 270 31 to to TO 33589 270 32 share share VB 33589 270 33 their -PRON- PRP$ 33589 270 34 decline decline NN 33589 270 35 , , , 33589 270 36 a a DT 33589 270 37 kind kind NN 33589 270 38 of of IN 33589 270 39 revival revival NN 33589 270 40 of of IN 33589 270 41 it -PRON- PRP 33589 270 42 took take VBD 33589 270 43 place place NN 33589 270 44 in in IN 33589 270 45 Constantinople Constantinople NNP 33589 270 46 through through IN 33589 270 47 the the DT 33589 270 48 conquest conquest NN 33589 270 49 of of IN 33589 270 50 that that DT 33589 270 51 city city NN 33589 270 52 by by IN 33589 270 53 the the DT 33589 270 54 Turks Turks NNPS 33589 270 55 in in IN 33589 270 56 1453 1453 CD 33589 270 57 . . . 33589 271 1 Unfortunately unfortunately RB 33589 271 2 however however RB 33589 271 3 the the DT 33589 271 4 style style NN 33589 271 5 made make VBD 33589 271 6 no no DT 33589 271 7 real real JJ 33589 271 8 progress progress NN 33589 271 9 there there RB 33589 271 10 , , , 33589 271 11 the the DT 33589 271 12 mosques mosque NNS 33589 271 13 and and CC 33589 271 14 other other JJ 33589 271 15 buildings building NNS 33589 271 16 erected erect VBN 33589 271 17 by by IN 33589 271 18 the the DT 33589 271 19 new new JJ 33589 271 20 owners owner NNS 33589 271 21 being be VBG 33589 271 22 rather rather RB 33589 271 23 Byzantine byzantine JJ 33589 271 24 than than IN 33589 271 25 Saracenic Saracenic NNP 33589 271 26 , , , 33589 271 27 even even RB 33589 271 28 that that DT 33589 271 29 known know VBN 33589 271 30 as as IN 33589 271 31 the the DT 33589 271 32 Suleimanyeh Suleimanyeh NNP 33589 271 33 , , , 33589 271 34 built build VBN 33589 271 35 between between IN 33589 271 36 1550 1550 CD 33589 271 37 - - SYM 33589 271 38 1556 1556 CD 33589 271 39 , , , 33589 271 40 and and CC 33589 271 41 the the DT 33589 271 42 Ahmediyeh Ahmediyeh NNP 33589 271 43 , , , 33589 271 44 dating date VBG 33589 271 45 from from IN 33589 271 46 1608 1608 CD 33589 271 47 - - SYM 33589 271 48 1614 1614 CD 33589 271 49 , , , 33589 271 50 greatly greatly RB 33589 271 51 resembling resemble VBG 33589 271 52 St. St. NNP 33589 271 53 Sophia Sophia NNP 33589 271 54 . . . 33589 272 1 In in IN 33589 272 2 India India NNP 33589 272 3 the the DT 33589 272 4 mosques mosque NNS 33589 272 5 and and CC 33589 272 6 palaces palace NNS 33589 272 7 erected erect VBN 33589 272 8 by by IN 33589 272 9 the the DT 33589 272 10 Mahommedan Mahommedan NNP 33589 272 11 conquerors conqueror NNS 33589 272 12 and and CC 33589 272 13 their -PRON- PRP$ 33589 272 14 successors successor NNS 33589 272 15 are be VBP 33589 272 16 even even RB 33589 272 17 more more RBR 33589 272 18 beautiful beautiful JJ 33589 272 19 and and CC 33589 272 20 impressive impressive JJ 33589 272 21 than than IN 33589 272 22 the the DT 33589 272 23 Buddhist Buddhist NNP 33589 272 24 and and CC 33589 272 25 Hindu Hindu NNP 33589 272 26 buildings building NNS 33589 272 27 described describe VBN 33589 272 28 in in IN 33589 272 29 the the DT 33589 272 30 section section NN 33589 272 31 on on IN 33589 272 32 Asiatic asiatic JJ 33589 272 33 architecture architecture NN 33589 272 34 . . . 33589 273 1 Their -PRON- PRP$ 33589 273 2 distinctive distinctive JJ 33589 273 3 characteristics characteristic NNS 33589 273 4 , , , 33589 273 5 as as IN 33589 273 6 in in IN 33589 273 7 Egypt Egypt NNP 33589 273 8 , , , 33589 273 9 Persia Persia NNP 33589 273 10 , , , 33589 273 11 and and CC 33589 273 12 Spain Spain NNP 33589 273 13 , , , 33589 273 14 are be VBP 33589 273 15 the the DT 33589 273 16 skilful skilful JJ 33589 273 17 combination combination NN 33589 273 18 of of IN 33589 273 19 the the DT 33589 273 20 dome dome NN 33589 273 21 , , , 33589 273 22 the the DT 33589 273 23 arch arch NN 33589 273 24 and and CC 33589 273 25 the the DT 33589 273 26 minaret minaret NN 33589 273 27 , , , 33589 273 28 and and CC 33589 273 29 the the DT 33589 273 30 lavish lavish JJ 33589 273 31 surface surface NN 33589 273 32 decoration decoration NN 33589 273 33 of of IN 33589 273 34 the the DT 33589 273 35 interior interior NNP 33589 273 36 , , , 33589 273 37 with with IN 33589 273 38 certain certain JJ 33589 273 39 other other JJ 33589 273 40 peculiarities peculiarity NNS 33589 273 41 that that WDT 33589 273 42 were be VBD 33589 273 43 the the DT 33589 273 44 outcome outcome NN 33589 273 45 of of IN 33589 273 46 local local JJ 33589 273 47 tradition tradition NN 33589 273 48 . . . 33589 274 1 More More JJR 33589 274 2 attention attention NN 33589 274 3 was be VBD 33589 274 4 given give VBN 33589 274 5 , , , 33589 274 6 for for IN 33589 274 7 instance instance NN 33589 274 8 , , , 33589 274 9 to to IN 33589 274 10 external external JJ 33589 274 11 appearance appearance NN 33589 274 12 , , , 33589 274 13 huge huge JJ 33589 274 14 recessed recess VBN 33589 274 15 gateways gateway NNS 33589 274 16 and and CC 33589 274 17 colonnaded colonnade VBN 33589 274 18 cloisters cloister NNS 33589 274 19 surmounted surmount VBN 33589 274 20 by by IN 33589 274 21 rows row NNS 33589 274 22 of of IN 33589 274 23 purely purely RB 33589 274 24 decorative decorative JJ 33589 274 25 domes dome NNS 33589 274 26 on on IN 33589 274 27 pilasters pilaster NNS 33589 274 28 , , , 33589 274 29 being be VBG 33589 274 30 of of IN 33589 274 31 frequent frequent JJ 33589 274 32 occurrence occurrence NN 33589 274 33 . . . 33589 275 1 At at IN 33589 275 2 the the DT 33589 275 3 same same JJ 33589 275 4 time time NN 33589 275 5 , , , 33589 275 6 stalactite stalactite JJ 33589 275 7 vaulting vaulting NN 33589 275 8 was be VBD 33589 275 9 rarely rarely RB 33589 275 10 employed employ VBN 33589 275 11 , , , 33589 275 12 whilst whilst IN 33589 275 13 horizontal horizontal JJ 33589 275 14 courses course NNS 33589 275 15 of of IN 33589 275 16 corbels corbel NNS 33589 275 17 or or CC 33589 275 18 arches arch NNS 33589 275 19 in in IN 33589 275 20 which which WDT 33589 275 21 each each DT 33589 275 22 stone stone NN 33589 275 23 projects project VBZ 33589 275 24 slightly slightly RB 33589 275 25 beyond beyond IN 33589 275 26 that that DT 33589 275 27 on on IN 33589 275 28 which which WDT 33589 275 29 it -PRON- PRP 33589 275 30 rests rest VBZ 33589 275 31 , , , 33589 275 32 were be VBD 33589 275 33 used use VBN 33589 275 34 as as IN 33589 275 35 supports support NNS 33589 275 36 for for IN 33589 275 37 the the DT 33589 275 38 domes dome NNS 33589 275 39 instead instead RB 33589 275 40 of of IN 33589 275 41 pendentives pendentive NNS 33589 275 42 . . . 33589 276 1 [ [ -LRB- 33589 276 2 Illustration illustration NN 33589 276 3 : : : 33589 276 4 Section Section NNP 33589 276 5 of of IN 33589 276 6 Taj Taj NNP 33589 276 7 Mahal Mahal NNP 33589 276 8 , , , 33589 276 9 Agra Agra NNPS 33589 276 10 ] ] -RRB- 33589 276 11 Among among IN 33589 276 12 the the DT 33589 276 13 most most RBS 33589 276 14 noteworthy noteworthy JJ 33589 276 15 still still RB 33589 276 16 - - HYPH 33589 276 17 existing exist VBG 33589 276 18 examples example NNS 33589 276 19 of of IN 33589 276 20 Indo indo JJ 33589 276 21 - - HYPH 33589 276 22 Saracenic Saracenic NNP 33589 276 23 architecture architecture NN 33589 276 24 are be VBP 33589 276 25 the the DT 33589 276 26 early early JJ 33589 276 27 15th 15th JJ 33589 276 28 century century NN 33589 276 29 Jumna Jumna NNP 33589 276 30 Musjid Musjid NNP 33589 276 31 or or CC 33589 276 32 Great Great NNP 33589 276 33 Mosque Mosque NNP 33589 276 34 at at IN 33589 276 35 Ahmedabad Ahmedabad NNP 33589 276 36 , , , 33589 276 37 that that WDT 33589 276 38 has have VBZ 33589 276 39 certain certain JJ 33589 276 40 details detail NNS 33589 276 41 recalling recall VBG 33589 276 42 Hindu Hindu NNP 33589 276 43 post post NN 33589 276 44 and and CC 33589 276 45 lintel lintel NN 33589 276 46 structures structure NNS 33589 276 47 ; ; : 33589 276 48 the the DT 33589 276 49 late late JJ 33589 276 50 15th 15th JJ 33589 276 51 century century NN 33589 276 52 Adinah Adinah NNP 33589 276 53 mosque mosque NN 33589 276 54 at at IN 33589 276 55 Gaur Gaur NNP 33589 276 56 , , , 33589 276 57 which which WDT 33589 276 58 has have VBZ 33589 276 59 385 385 CD 33589 276 60 domes dome NNS 33589 276 61 ; ; : 33589 276 62 the the DT 33589 276 63 16th 16th JJ 33589 276 64 century century NN 33589 276 65 Jumna Jumna NNP 33589 276 66 Musjid Musjid NNP 33589 276 67 at at IN 33589 276 68 Bijapur Bijapur NNP 33589 276 69 , , , 33589 276 70 that that DT 33589 276 71 has have VBZ 33589 276 72 the the DT 33589 276 73 singular singular JJ 33589 276 74 feature feature NN 33589 276 75 of of IN 33589 276 76 a a DT 33589 276 77 central central JJ 33589 276 78 space space NN 33589 276 79 covered cover VBN 33589 276 80 in in RP 33589 276 81 by by IN 33589 276 82 a a DT 33589 276 83 dome dome NN 33589 276 84 upheld uphold VBN 33589 276 85 by by IN 33589 276 86 intersecting intersect VBG 33589 276 87 arches arch NNS 33589 276 88 , , , 33589 276 89 set set VBN 33589 276 90 in in IN 33589 276 91 a a DT 33589 276 92 number number NN 33589 276 93 of of IN 33589 276 94 squares square NNS 33589 276 95 with with IN 33589 276 96 flat flat JJ 33589 276 97 roofs roof NNS 33589 276 98 ; ; : 33589 276 99 the the DT 33589 276 100 Mosque Mosque NNP 33589 276 101 built build VBN 33589 276 102 by by IN 33589 276 103 Akbar Akbar NNP 33589 276 104 in in IN 33589 276 105 the the DT 33589 276 106 second second JJ 33589 276 107 half half NN 33589 276 108 of of IN 33589 276 109 the the DT 33589 276 110 16th 16th JJ 33589 276 111 century century NN 33589 276 112 at at IN 33589 276 113 Futtehpore Futtehpore NNP 33589 276 114 Sikhri Sikhri NNP 33589 276 115 , , , 33589 276 116 the the DT 33589 276 117 gateways gateway NNS 33589 276 118 of of IN 33589 276 119 which which WDT 33589 276 120 are be VBP 33589 276 121 specially specially RB 33589 276 122 characteristic characteristic JJ 33589 276 123 ; ; : 33589 276 124 and and CC 33589 276 125 the the DT 33589 276 126 remarkable remarkable JJ 33589 276 127 buildings building NNS 33589 276 128 at at IN 33589 276 129 Delhi Delhi NNP 33589 276 130 and and CC 33589 276 131 Agra Agra NNPS 33589 276 132 , , , 33589 276 133 erected erect VBN 33589 276 134 in in IN 33589 276 135 the the DT 33589 276 136 17th 17th JJ 33589 276 137 century century NN 33589 276 138 under under IN 33589 276 139 the the DT 33589 276 140 enlightened enlighten VBN 33589 276 141 Shah Shah NNP 33589 276 142 Jehan Jehan NNP 33589 276 143 , , , 33589 276 144 including include VBG 33589 276 145 in in IN 33589 276 146 the the DT 33589 276 147 former former JJ 33589 276 148 city city NN 33589 276 149 the the DT 33589 276 150 Jumna Jumna NNP 33589 276 151 Musjid Musjid NNP 33589 276 152 and and CC 33589 276 153 the the DT 33589 276 154 fortified fortify VBN 33589 276 155 palace palace NN 33589 276 156 , , , 33589 276 157 and and CC 33589 276 158 in in IN 33589 276 159 the the DT 33589 276 160 latter latter JJ 33589 276 161 the the DT 33589 276 162 Moti Moti NNP 33589 276 163 Musjid Musjid NNP 33589 276 164 or or CC 33589 276 165 Pearl Pearl NNP 33589 276 166 Mosque Mosque NNP 33589 276 167 , , , 33589 276 168 and and CC 33589 276 169 the the DT 33589 276 170 Taj Taj NNP 33589 276 171 Mahal Mahal NNP 33589 276 172 , , , 33589 276 173 both both DT 33589 276 174 exceptionally exceptionally RB 33589 276 175 beautiful beautiful JJ 33589 276 176 , , , 33589 276 177 in in IN 33589 276 178 which which WDT 33589 276 179 the the DT 33589 276 180 Saracenic Saracenic NNP 33589 276 181 style style NN 33589 276 182 may may MD 33589 276 183 justly justly RB 33589 276 184 be be VB 33589 276 185 said say VBN 33589 276 186 to to TO 33589 276 187 have have VB 33589 276 188 reached reach VBN 33589 276 189 its -PRON- PRP$ 33589 276 190 culmination culmination NN 33589 276 191 , , , 33589 276 192 nothing nothing NN 33589 276 193 that that WDT 33589 276 194 can can MD 33589 276 195 be be VB 33589 276 196 compared compare VBN 33589 276 197 with with IN 33589 276 198 them -PRON- PRP 33589 276 199 having have VBG 33589 276 200 been be VBN 33589 276 201 since since IN 33589 276 202 produced produce VBN 33589 276 203 either either CC 33589 276 204 in in IN 33589 276 205 India India NNP 33589 276 206 or or CC 33589 276 207 elsewhere elsewhere RB 33589 276 208 . . . 33589 277 1 The the DT 33589 277 2 Taj Taj NNP 33589 277 3 Mahal Mahal NNP 33589 277 4 , , , 33589 277 5 built build VBN 33589 277 6 by by IN 33589 277 7 the the DT 33589 277 8 Emperor Emperor NNP 33589 277 9 as as IN 33589 277 10 a a DT 33589 277 11 tomb tomb NN 33589 277 12 for for IN 33589 277 13 himself -PRON- PRP 33589 277 14 and and CC 33589 277 15 his -PRON- PRP$ 33589 277 16 favourite favourite JJ 33589 277 17 wife wife NN 33589 277 18 , , , 33589 277 19 is be VBZ 33589 277 20 indeed indeed RB 33589 277 21 of of IN 33589 277 22 dream dream NN 33589 277 23 - - HYPH 33589 277 24 like like JJ 33589 277 25 and and CC 33589 277 26 ethereal ethereal VB 33589 277 27 charm charm NN 33589 277 28 , , , 33589 277 29 with with IN 33589 277 30 its -PRON- PRP$ 33589 277 31 well well RB 33589 277 32 - - HYPH 33589 277 33 proportioned proportion VBN 33589 277 34 domes dome NNS 33589 277 35 and and CC 33589 277 36 minarets minaret NNS 33589 277 37 , , , 33589 277 38 cased case VBN 33589 277 39 , , , 33589 277 40 as as IN 33589 277 41 is be VBZ 33589 277 42 the the DT 33589 277 43 rest rest NN 33589 277 44 of of IN 33589 277 45 the the DT 33589 277 46 exterior exterior NN 33589 277 47 , , , 33589 277 48 in in IN 33589 277 49 white white JJ 33589 277 50 marble marble NN 33589 277 51 , , , 33589 277 52 and and CC 33589 277 53 its -PRON- PRP$ 33589 277 54 interior interior JJ 33589 277 55 enriched enrich VBN 33589 277 56 with with IN 33589 277 57 mosaics mosaic NNS 33589 277 58 of of IN 33589 277 59 precious precious JJ 33589 277 60 stones stone NNS 33589 277 61 . . . 33589 278 1 CHAPTER CHAPTER NNP 33589 278 2 VI VI NNP 33589 278 3 ROMANESQUE ROMANESQUE VBD 33589 278 4 ARCHITECTURE ARCHITECTURE NNP 33589 278 5 The the DT 33589 278 6 term term NN 33589 278 7 Romanesque Romanesque NNP 33589 278 8 is be VBZ 33589 278 9 given give VBN 33589 278 10 to to IN 33589 278 11 the the DT 33589 278 12 period period NN 33589 278 13 between between IN 33589 278 14 the the DT 33589 278 15 beginning beginning NN 33589 278 16 of of IN 33589 278 17 the the DT 33589 278 18 9th 9th NN 33589 278 19 and and CC 33589 278 20 the the DT 33589 278 21 middle middle NN 33589 278 22 of of IN 33589 278 23 the the DT 33589 278 24 12th 12th JJ 33589 278 25 century century NN 33589 278 26 , , , 33589 278 27 but but CC 33589 278 28 there there EX 33589 278 29 was be VBD 33589 278 30 no no DT 33589 278 31 real real JJ 33589 278 32 break break NN 33589 278 33 in in IN 33589 278 34 the the DT 33589 278 35 continuity continuity NN 33589 278 36 of of IN 33589 278 37 the the DT 33589 278 38 evolution evolution NN 33589 278 39 of of IN 33589 278 40 Christian christian JJ 33589 278 41 architecture architecture NN 33589 278 42 in in IN 33589 278 43 Europe Europe NNP 33589 278 44 from from IN 33589 278 45 the the DT 33589 278 46 time time NN 33589 278 47 when when WRB 33589 278 48 that that DT 33589 278 49 art art NN 33589 278 50 first first RB 33589 278 51 freed free VBD 33589 278 52 itself -PRON- PRP 33589 278 53 from from IN 33589 278 54 Pagan pagan JJ 33589 278 55 influence influence NN 33589 278 56 till till IN 33589 278 57 it -PRON- PRP 33589 278 58 reached reach VBD 33589 278 59 its -PRON- PRP$ 33589 278 60 noblest noble JJS 33589 278 61 development development NN 33589 278 62 in in IN 33589 278 63 the the DT 33589 278 64 Gothic gothic JJ 33589 278 65 style style NN 33589 278 66 . . . 33589 279 1 [ [ -LRB- 33589 279 2 Illustration illustration NN 33589 279 3 : : : 33589 279 4 Simple Simple NNP 33589 279 5 Intersecting Intersecting NNP 33589 279 6 Vaulting Vaulting NNP 33589 279 7 ] ] -RRB- 33589 279 8 From from IN 33589 279 9 first first RB 33589 279 10 to to TO 33589 279 11 last last VB 33589 279 12 the the DT 33589 279 13 keynote keynote NN 33589 279 14 of of IN 33589 279 15 structure structure NN 33589 279 16 was be VBD 33589 279 17 the the DT 33589 279 18 use use NN 33589 279 19 of of IN 33589 279 20 the the DT 33589 279 21 arch arch NN 33589 279 22 for for IN 33589 279 23 vaulting vaulting NN 33589 279 24 and and CC 33589 279 25 for for IN 33589 279 26 the the DT 33589 279 27 spanning spanning NN 33589 279 28 of of IN 33589 279 29 piers pier NNS 33589 279 30 and and CC 33589 279 31 columns column NNS 33589 279 32 , , , 33589 279 33 and and CC 33589 279 34 its -PRON- PRP$ 33589 279 35 form form NN 33589 279 36 is be VBZ 33589 279 37 , , , 33589 279 38 as as IN 33589 279 39 a a DT 33589 279 40 general general JJ 33589 279 41 rule rule NN 33589 279 42 , , , 33589 279 43 indicative indicative JJ 33589 279 44 of of IN 33589 279 45 the the DT 33589 279 46 phase phase NN 33589 279 47 of of IN 33589 279 48 development development NN 33589 279 49 to to TO 33589 279 50 which which WDT 33589 279 51 it -PRON- PRP 33589 279 52 belongs belong VBZ 33589 279 53 . . . 33589 280 1 Although although IN 33589 280 2 , , , 33589 280 3 however however RB 33589 280 4 , , , 33589 280 5 it -PRON- PRP 33589 280 6 may may MD 33589 280 7 be be VB 33589 280 8 said say VBN 33589 280 9 that that IN 33589 280 10 the the DT 33589 280 11 semicircular semicircular JJ 33589 280 12 arch arch NN 33589 280 13 is be VBZ 33589 280 14 characteristic characteristic JJ 33589 280 15 of of IN 33589 280 16 Romanesque romanesque JJ 33589 280 17 buildings building NNS 33589 280 18 , , , 33589 280 19 the the DT 33589 280 20 lintel lintel NN 33589 280 21 is be VBZ 33589 280 22 occasionally occasionally RB 33589 280 23 used use VBN 33589 280 24 simultaneously simultaneously RB 33589 280 25 with with IN 33589 280 26 it -PRON- PRP 33589 280 27 in in IN 33589 280 28 interiors interior NNS 33589 280 29 , , , 33589 280 30 and and CC 33589 280 31 the the DT 33589 280 32 chief chief JJ 33589 280 33 entrances entrance NNS 33589 280 34 are be VBP 33589 280 35 in in IN 33589 280 36 many many JJ 33589 280 37 cases case NNS 33589 280 38 spanned span VBN 33589 280 39 by by IN 33589 280 40 horizontal horizontal JJ 33589 280 41 beams beam NNS 33589 280 42 or or CC 33589 280 43 courses course NNS 33589 280 44 of of IN 33589 280 45 stone stone NN 33589 280 46 that that WDT 33589 280 47 are be VBP 33589 280 48 , , , 33589 280 49 however however RB 33589 280 50 , , , 33589 280 51 as as IN 33589 280 52 a a DT 33589 280 53 general general JJ 33589 280 54 rule rule NN 33589 280 55 surmounted surmount VBN 33589 280 56 by by IN 33589 280 57 arches arch NNS 33589 280 58 . . . 33589 281 1 Moreover moreover RB 33589 281 2 in in IN 33589 281 3 late late JJ 33589 281 4 Romanesque romanesque JJ 33589 281 5 work work NN 33589 281 6 the the DT 33589 281 7 pointed pointed JJ 33589 281 8 arch arch NN 33589 281 9 is be VBZ 33589 281 10 now now RB 33589 281 11 and and CC 33589 281 12 then then RB 33589 281 13 introduced introduce VBD 33589 281 14 shadowing shadow VBG 33589 281 15 forth forth RP 33589 281 16 the the DT 33589 281 17 approaching approach VBG 33589 281 18 change change NN 33589 281 19 . . . 33589 282 1 It -PRON- PRP 33589 282 2 was be VBD 33589 282 3 not not RB 33589 282 4 in in IN 33589 282 5 the the DT 33589 282 6 invention invention NN 33589 282 7 of of IN 33589 282 8 new new JJ 33589 282 9 forms form NNS 33589 282 10 of of IN 33589 282 11 vaulting vaulting NN 33589 282 12 but but CC 33589 282 13 in in IN 33589 282 14 the the DT 33589 282 15 adaptation adaptation NN 33589 282 16 and and CC 33589 282 17 improvement improvement NN 33589 282 18 of of IN 33589 282 19 those those DT 33589 282 20 already already RB 33589 282 21 in in IN 33589 282 22 existence existence NN 33589 282 23 that that IN 33589 282 24 Romanesque romanesque JJ 33589 282 25 architects architect NNS 33589 282 26 chiefly chiefly RB 33589 282 27 displayed display VBD 33589 282 28 their -PRON- PRP$ 33589 282 29 skill skill NN 33589 282 30 . . . 33589 283 1 The the DT 33589 283 2 earliest early JJS 33589 283 3 Romanesque romanesque JJ 33589 283 4 vaults vault NNS 33589 283 5 were be VBD 33589 283 6 simple simple JJ 33589 283 7 intersecting intersect VBG 33589 283 8 arches arch NNS 33589 283 9 similar similar JJ 33589 283 10 to to IN 33589 283 11 those those DT 33589 283 12 which which WDT 33589 283 13 had have VBD 33589 283 14 long long RB 33589 283 15 been be VBN 33589 283 16 in in IN 33589 283 17 use use NN 33589 283 18 , , , 33589 283 19 but but CC 33589 283 20 as as IN 33589 283 21 time time NN 33589 283 22 went go VBD 33589 283 23 on on IN 33589 283 24 these these DT 33589 283 25 were be VBD 33589 283 26 superseded supersede VBN 33589 283 27 by by IN 33589 283 28 what what WP 33589 283 29 is be VBZ 33589 283 30 known know VBN 33589 283 31 as as IN 33589 283 32 ribbed rib VBN 33589 283 33 vaulting vaulting NN 33589 283 34 ; ; : 33589 283 35 that that DT 33589 283 36 is be VBZ 33589 283 37 to to TO 33589 283 38 say say VB 33589 283 39 by by IN 33589 283 40 roofs roof NNS 33589 283 41 divided divide VBN 33589 283 42 into into IN 33589 283 43 bays bay NNS 33589 283 44 by by IN 33589 283 45 a a DT 33589 283 46 framework framework NN 33589 283 47 of of IN 33589 283 48 diagonal diagonal JJ 33589 283 49 ribs rib NNS 33589 283 50 supporting support VBG 33589 283 51 fillings filling NNS 33589 283 52 in in IN 33589 283 53 of of IN 33589 283 54 thin thin JJ 33589 283 55 stone stone NN 33589 283 56 called call VBN 33589 283 57 severes severe NNS 33589 283 58 , , , 33589 283 59 which which WDT 33589 283 60 in in IN 33589 283 61 their -PRON- PRP$ 33589 283 62 turn turn NN 33589 283 63 gradually gradually RB 33589 283 64 developed develop VBD 33589 283 65 into into IN 33589 283 66 the the DT 33589 283 67 complex complex JJ 33589 283 68 and and CC 33589 283 69 ornate ornate JJ 33589 283 70 system system NN 33589 283 71 of of IN 33589 283 72 Gothic gothic JJ 33589 283 73 vaulting vaulting NN 33589 283 74 . . . 33589 284 1 To to TO 33589 284 2 counteract counteract VB 33589 284 3 the the DT 33589 284 4 thrust thrust NN 33589 284 5 of of IN 33589 284 6 arched arch VBN 33589 284 7 and and CC 33589 284 8 ribbed rib VBD 33589 284 9 vaulting vault VBG 33589 284 10 the the DT 33589 284 11 device device NN 33589 284 12 of of IN 33589 284 13 buttresses buttress NNS 33589 284 14 was be VBD 33589 284 15 hit hit VBN 33589 284 16 upon upon IN 33589 284 17 . . . 33589 285 1 These these DT 33589 285 2 buttresses buttress NNS 33589 285 3 consisted consist VBD 33589 285 4 at at IN 33589 285 5 first first RB 33589 285 6 of of IN 33589 285 7 a a DT 33589 285 8 series series NN 33589 285 9 of of IN 33589 285 10 supports support NNS 33589 285 11 introduced introduce VBN 33589 285 12 beneath beneath IN 33589 285 13 the the DT 33589 285 14 roof roof NN 33589 285 15 of of IN 33589 285 16 the the DT 33589 285 17 aisles aisle NNS 33589 285 18 and and CC 33589 285 19 extending extend VBG 33589 285 20 from from IN 33589 285 21 the the DT 33589 285 22 back back NN 33589 285 23 of of IN 33589 285 24 the the DT 33589 285 25 nave nave NN 33589 285 26 to to IN 33589 285 27 the the DT 33589 285 28 aisle aisle NN 33589 285 29 wall wall NN 33589 285 30 , , , 33589 285 31 which which WDT 33589 285 32 were be VBD 33589 285 33 later later RB 33589 285 34 supplemented supplement VBN 33589 285 35 by by IN 33589 285 36 the the DT 33589 285 37 external external JJ 33589 285 38 buttresses buttress NNS 33589 285 39 known know VBN 33589 285 40 as as IN 33589 285 41 flying flying NN 33589 285 42 , , , 33589 285 43 that that WDT 33589 285 44 were be VBD 33589 285 45 to to TO 33589 285 46 be be VB 33589 285 47 so so RB 33589 285 48 distinctive distinctive JJ 33589 285 49 a a DT 33589 285 50 feature feature NN 33589 285 51 of of IN 33589 285 52 Gothic gothic JJ 33589 285 53 architecture architecture NN 33589 285 54 . . . 33589 286 1 [ [ -LRB- 33589 286 2 Illustration illustration NN 33589 286 3 : : : 33589 286 4 Ribbed Ribbed NNP 33589 286 5 Vaulting Vaulting NNP 33589 286 6 ] ] -RRB- 33589 286 7 [ [ -LRB- 33589 286 8 Illustration illustration NN 33589 286 9 : : : 33589 286 10 Ribbed Ribbed NNP 33589 286 11 Vaulting Vaulting NNP 33589 286 12 ] ] -RRB- 33589 286 13 Other other JJ 33589 286 14 characteristics characteristic NNS 33589 286 15 of of IN 33589 286 16 Romanesque romanesque JJ 33589 286 17 architecture architecture NN 33589 286 18 are be VBP 33589 286 19 the the DT 33589 286 20 slenderness slenderness NN 33589 286 21 of of IN 33589 286 22 the the DT 33589 286 23 columns column NNS 33589 286 24 as as IN 33589 286 25 compared compare VBN 33589 286 26 with with IN 33589 286 27 those those DT 33589 286 28 of of IN 33589 286 29 earlier early JJR 33589 286 30 buildings building NNS 33589 286 31 , , , 33589 286 32 the the DT 33589 286 33 disuse disuse NN 33589 286 34 of of IN 33589 286 35 classic classic JJ 33589 286 36 capitals capital NNS 33589 286 37 , , , 33589 286 38 and and CC 33589 286 39 the the DT 33589 286 40 substitution substitution NN 33589 286 41 for for IN 33589 286 42 them -PRON- PRP 33589 286 43 of of IN 33589 286 44 what what WP 33589 286 45 is be VBZ 33589 286 46 known know VBN 33589 286 47 as as IN 33589 286 48 the the DT 33589 286 49 basket basket NN 33589 286 50 form form NN 33589 286 51 , , , 33589 286 52 that that DT 33589 286 53 is be VBZ 33589 286 54 to to TO 33589 286 55 say say VB 33589 286 56 , , , 33589 286 57 semicircular semicircular JJ 33589 286 58 mouldings moulding NNS 33589 286 59 enclosing enclose VBG 33589 286 60 floral floral JJ 33589 286 61 designs design NNS 33589 286 62 , , , 33589 286 63 later later RB 33589 286 64 replaced replace VBN 33589 286 65 by by IN 33589 286 66 a a DT 33589 286 67 great great JJ 33589 286 68 variety variety NN 33589 286 69 of of IN 33589 286 70 forms form NNS 33589 286 71 , , , 33589 286 72 such such JJ 33589 286 73 as as IN 33589 286 74 flowers flower NNS 33589 286 75 , , , 33589 286 76 leaves leave NNS 33589 286 77 , , , 33589 286 78 human human NN 33589 286 79 and and CC 33589 286 80 animals animal NNS 33589 286 81 ' ' POS 33589 286 82 heads head NNS 33589 286 83 . . . 33589 287 1 The the DT 33589 287 2 grouping grouping NN 33589 287 3 of of IN 33589 287 4 columns column NNS 33589 287 5 in in IN 33589 287 6 clusters cluster NNS 33589 287 7 also also RB 33589 287 8 came come VBD 33589 287 9 into into IN 33589 287 10 use use NN 33589 287 11 , , , 33589 287 12 the the DT 33589 287 13 general general JJ 33589 287 14 tendency tendency NN 33589 287 15 being be VBG 33589 287 16 towards towards IN 33589 287 17 the the DT 33589 287 18 production production NN 33589 287 19 of of IN 33589 287 20 an an DT 33589 287 21 effect effect NN 33589 287 22 of of IN 33589 287 23 grace grace NN 33589 287 24 and and CC 33589 287 25 lightness lightness NN 33589 287 26 rather rather RB 33589 287 27 than than IN 33589 287 28 of of IN 33589 287 29 strength strength NN 33589 287 30 and and CC 33589 287 31 solidity solidity NN 33589 287 32 . . . 33589 288 1 Arched arch VBN 33589 288 2 cornices cornice NNS 33589 288 3 were be VBD 33589 288 4 introduced introduce VBN 33589 288 5 to to TO 33589 288 6 relieve relieve VB 33589 288 7 the the DT 33589 288 8 monotony monotony NN 33589 288 9 of of IN 33589 288 10 the the DT 33589 288 11 walls wall NNS 33589 288 12 above above IN 33589 288 13 the the DT 33589 288 14 pillars pillar NNS 33589 288 15 of of IN 33589 288 16 the the DT 33589 288 17 nave nave NN 33589 288 18 , , , 33589 288 19 whilst whilst IN 33589 288 20 an an DT 33589 288 21 even even RB 33589 288 22 more more RBR 33589 288 23 marked marked JJ 33589 288 24 change change NN 33589 288 25 took take VBD 33589 288 26 place place NN 33589 288 27 in in IN 33589 288 28 the the DT 33589 288 29 windows window NNS 33589 288 30 , , , 33589 288 31 which which WDT 33589 288 32 , , , 33589 288 33 though though IN 33589 288 34 small small JJ 33589 288 35 and and CC 33589 288 36 few few JJ 33589 288 37 in in IN 33589 288 38 early early JJ 33589 288 39 Renaissance Renaissance NNP 33589 288 40 buildings building NNS 33589 288 41 , , , 33589 288 42 gradually gradually RB 33589 288 43 increased increase VBD 33589 288 44 in in IN 33589 288 45 number number NN 33589 288 46 , , , 33589 288 47 in in IN 33589 288 48 size size NN 33589 288 49 , , , 33589 288 50 and and CC 33589 288 51 in in IN 33589 288 52 the the DT 33589 288 53 beauty beauty NN 33589 288 54 of of IN 33589 288 55 their -PRON- PRP$ 33589 288 56 tracery tracery NN 33589 288 57 . . . 33589 289 1 At at IN 33589 289 2 the the DT 33589 289 3 eastern eastern JJ 33589 289 4 end end NN 33589 289 5 of of IN 33589 289 6 churches church NNS 33589 289 7 several several JJ 33589 289 8 windows window NNS 33589 289 9 were be VBD 33589 289 10 in in IN 33589 289 11 some some DT 33589 289 12 cases case NNS 33589 289 13 grouped group VBN 33589 289 14 together together RB 33589 289 15 , , , 33589 289 16 divided divide VBN 33589 289 17 only only RB 33589 289 18 by by IN 33589 289 19 slender slend JJR 33589 289 20 pilasters pilaster NNS 33589 289 21 , , , 33589 289 22 and and CC 33589 289 23 above above IN 33589 289 24 the the DT 33589 289 25 western western JJ 33589 289 26 entrance entrance NN 33589 289 27 large large JJ 33589 289 28 circular circular JJ 33589 289 29 windows window NNS 33589 289 30 known know VBN 33589 289 31 as as IN 33589 289 32 the the DT 33589 289 33 rose rose NN 33589 289 34 or or CC 33589 289 35 wheel wheel NN 33589 289 36 -- -- : 33589 289 37 according accord VBG 33589 289 38 to to IN 33589 289 39 certain certain JJ 33589 289 40 peculiarities peculiarity NNS 33589 289 41 of of IN 33589 289 42 their -PRON- PRP$ 33589 289 43 tracery tracery NN 33589 289 44 -- -- : 33589 289 45 were be VBD 33589 289 46 introduced introduce VBN 33589 289 47 , , , 33589 289 48 whilst whilst IN 33589 289 49 the the DT 33589 289 50 walls wall NNS 33589 289 51 were be VBD 33589 289 52 pierced pierce VBN 33589 289 53 by by IN 33589 289 54 rows row NNS 33589 289 55 of of IN 33589 289 56 complex complex JJ 33589 289 57 windows window NNS 33589 289 58 , , , 33589 289 59 each each DT 33589 289 60 with with IN 33589 289 61 a a DT 33589 289 62 number number NN 33589 289 63 of of IN 33589 289 64 different different JJ 33589 289 65 lights light NNS 33589 289 66 . . . 33589 290 1 In in IN 33589 290 2 Romanesque romanesque JJ 33589 290 3 churches church NNS 33589 290 4 the the DT 33589 290 5 beautiful beautiful JJ 33589 290 6 colonnaded colonnade VBN 33589 290 7 narthex narthex NN 33589 290 8 of of IN 33589 290 9 the the DT 33589 290 10 early early JJ 33589 290 11 Christian christian JJ 33589 290 12 basilica basilica NN 33589 290 13 is be VBZ 33589 290 14 replaced replace VBN 33589 290 15 in in IN 33589 290 16 Northern Northern NNP 33589 290 17 and and CC 33589 290 18 occasionally occasionally RB 33589 290 19 in in IN 33589 290 20 Southern Southern NNP 33589 290 21 Italy Italy NNP 33589 290 22 by by IN 33589 290 23 a a DT 33589 290 24 projecting projecting NN 33589 290 25 , , , 33589 290 26 and and CC 33589 290 27 elsewhere elsewhere RB 33589 290 28 by by IN 33589 290 29 a a DT 33589 290 30 simple simple JJ 33589 290 31 , , , 33589 290 32 porch porch NN 33589 290 33 ; ; : 33589 290 34 but but CC 33589 290 35 to to TO 33589 290 36 make make VB 33589 290 37 up up RP 33589 290 38 for for IN 33589 290 39 the the DT 33589 290 40 loss loss NN 33589 290 41 of of IN 33589 290 42 what what WP 33589 290 43 was be VBD 33589 290 44 a a DT 33589 290 45 very very RB 33589 290 46 effective effective JJ 33589 290 47 feature feature NN 33589 290 48 , , , 33589 290 49 the the DT 33589 290 50 whole whole NN 33589 290 51 of of IN 33589 290 52 the the DT 33589 290 53 western western JJ 33589 290 54 façade façade NNP 33589 290 55 , , , 33589 290 56 including include VBG 33589 290 57 the the DT 33589 290 58 recessed recess VBN 33589 290 59 doorway doorway NN 33589 290 60 giving give VBG 33589 290 61 access access NN 33589 290 62 to to IN 33589 290 63 the the DT 33589 290 64 nave nave NN 33589 290 65 , , , 33589 290 66 is be VBZ 33589 290 67 generally generally RB 33589 290 68 most most RBS 33589 290 69 richly richly RB 33589 290 70 decorated decorate VBN 33589 290 71 with with IN 33589 290 72 sculpture sculpture NN 33589 290 73 and and CC 33589 290 74 carving carving NN 33589 290 75 , , , 33589 290 76 figures figure NNS 33589 290 77 in in IN 33589 290 78 niches niche NNS 33589 290 79 , , , 33589 290 80 grotesque grotesque JJ 33589 290 81 animal animal NN 33589 290 82 forms form NNS 33589 290 83 of of IN 33589 290 84 symbolic symbolic JJ 33589 290 85 meaning meaning NN 33589 290 86 , , , 33589 290 87 with with IN 33589 290 88 floral floral JJ 33589 290 89 and and CC 33589 290 90 geometrical geometrical JJ 33589 290 91 designs design NNS 33589 290 92 of of IN 33589 290 93 great great JJ 33589 290 94 variety variety NN 33589 290 95 and and CC 33589 290 96 beauty beauty NN 33589 290 97 adorning adorn VBG 33589 290 98 every every DT 33589 290 99 portion portion NN 33589 290 100 . . . 33589 291 1 [ [ -LRB- 33589 291 2 Illustration illustration NN 33589 291 3 : : : 33589 291 4 Clustered cluster VBN 33589 291 5 Column column NN 33589 291 6 ] ] -RRB- 33589 291 7 [ [ -LRB- 33589 291 8 Illustration illustration NN 33589 291 9 : : : 33589 291 10 Buttress buttress NN 33589 291 11 ] ] -RRB- 33589 291 12 [ [ -LRB- 33589 291 13 Illustration illustration NN 33589 291 14 : : : 33589 291 15 Buttress buttress NN 33589 291 16 ] ] -RRB- 33589 291 17 On on IN 33589 291 18 either either DT 33589 291 19 side side NN 33589 291 20 of of IN 33589 291 21 the the DT 33589 291 22 west west JJ 33589 291 23 front front NN 33589 291 24 of of IN 33589 291 25 many many JJ 33589 291 26 Romanesque romanesque JJ 33589 291 27 buildings building NNS 33589 291 28 , , , 33589 291 29 more more RBR 33589 291 30 rarely rarely RB 33589 291 31 also also RB 33589 291 32 from from IN 33589 291 33 the the DT 33589 291 34 point point NN 33589 291 35 of of IN 33589 291 36 junction junction NN 33589 291 37 of of IN 33589 291 38 the the DT 33589 291 39 transepts transept NNS 33589 291 40 and and CC 33589 291 41 nave nave NNP 33589 291 42 , , , 33589 291 43 rise rise VBP 33589 291 44 lofty lofty JJ 33589 291 45 square square NN 33589 291 46 or or CC 33589 291 47 octagonal octagonal JJ 33589 291 48 towers tower NNS 33589 291 49 , , , 33589 291 50 the the DT 33589 291 51 earlier early RBR 33589 291 52 with with IN 33589 291 53 flat flat JJ 33589 291 54 , , , 33589 291 55 the the DT 33589 291 56 later later JJ 33589 291 57 with with IN 33589 291 58 more more RBR 33589 291 59 or or CC 33589 291 60 less less RBR 33589 291 61 steeply steeply RB 33589 291 62 pitched pitch VBN 33589 291 63 roofs roof NNS 33589 291 64 , , , 33589 291 65 that that WDT 33589 291 66 gradually gradually RB 33589 291 67 developed develop VBD 33589 291 68 into into IN 33589 291 69 the the DT 33589 291 70 tapering tapering NN 33589 291 71 spires spire NNS 33589 291 72 so so RB 33589 291 73 characteristic characteristic JJ 33589 291 74 of of IN 33589 291 75 the the DT 33589 291 76 Gothic gothic JJ 33589 291 77 style style NN 33589 291 78 . . . 33589 292 1 Occasionally occasionally RB 33589 292 2 the the DT 33589 292 3 eastern eastern JJ 33589 292 4 apse apse NN 33589 292 5 is be VBZ 33589 292 6 flanked flank VBN 33589 292 7 by by IN 33589 292 8 a a DT 33589 292 9 turret turret NN 33589 292 10 or or CC 33589 292 11 small small JJ 33589 292 12 tower tower NN 33589 292 13 , , , 33589 292 14 and and CC 33589 292 15 in in IN 33589 292 16 some some DT 33589 292 17 cases case NNS 33589 292 18 , , , 33589 292 19 chiefly chiefly RB 33589 292 20 in in IN 33589 292 21 Italy Italy NNP 33589 292 22 , , , 33589 292 23 a a DT 33589 292 24 detached detached JJ 33589 292 25 and and CC 33589 292 26 lofty lofty JJ 33589 292 27 tower tower NN 33589 292 28 known know VBN 33589 292 29 as as IN 33589 292 30 a a DT 33589 292 31 Campanile Campanile NNP 33589 292 32 or or CC 33589 292 33 Bell Bell NNP 33589 292 34 Tower Tower NNP 33589 292 35 -- -- : 33589 292 36 though though IN 33589 292 37 it -PRON- PRP 33589 292 38 only only RB 33589 292 39 rarely rarely RB 33589 292 40 contains contain VBZ 33589 292 41 bells bell NNS 33589 292 42 , , , 33589 292 43 being be VBG 33589 292 44 sometimes sometimes RB 33589 292 45 merely merely RB 33589 292 46 a a DT 33589 292 47 secular secular JJ 33589 292 48 monument monument NN 33589 292 49 -- -- : 33589 292 50 rises rise VBZ 33589 292 51 close close RB 33589 292 52 to to IN 33589 292 53 the the DT 33589 292 54 church church NN 33589 292 55 or or CC 33589 292 56 at at IN 33589 292 57 a a DT 33589 292 58 little little JJ 33589 292 59 distance distance NN 33589 292 60 from from IN 33589 292 61 it -PRON- PRP 33589 292 62 , , , 33589 292 63 but but CC 33589 292 64 connected connect VBN 33589 292 65 with with IN 33589 292 66 it -PRON- PRP 33589 292 67 by by IN 33589 292 68 a a DT 33589 292 69 cloister cloister NN 33589 292 70 . . . 33589 293 1 [ [ -LRB- 33589 293 2 Illustration illustration NN 33589 293 3 : : : 33589 293 4 Rose Rose NNP 33589 293 5 Window Window NNP 33589 293 6 ] ] -RRB- 33589 293 7 In in IN 33589 293 8 S. S. NNP 33589 293 9 Ambrogio Ambrogio NNP 33589 293 10 , , , 33589 293 11 Milan Milan NNP 33589 293 12 , , , 33589 293 13 begun begin VBN 33589 293 14 in in IN 33589 293 15 the the DT 33589 293 16 9th 9th NN 33589 293 17 and and CC 33589 293 18 completed complete VBN 33589 293 19 in in IN 33589 293 20 the the DT 33589 293 21 12th 12th JJ 33589 293 22 century century NN 33589 293 23 , , , 33589 293 24 the the DT 33589 293 25 gradual gradual JJ 33589 293 26 change change NN 33589 293 27 from from IN 33589 293 28 the the DT 33589 293 29 early early JJ 33589 293 30 Christian Christian NNP 33589 293 31 to to IN 33589 293 32 the the DT 33589 293 33 Romanesque romanesque JJ 33589 293 34 style style NN 33589 293 35 as as IN 33589 293 36 developed develop VBN 33589 293 37 in in IN 33589 293 38 Italy Italy NNP 33589 293 39 can can MD 33589 293 40 be be VB 33589 293 41 studied study VBN 33589 293 42 . . . 33589 294 1 It -PRON- PRP 33589 294 2 has have VBZ 33589 294 3 a a DT 33589 294 4 nave nave NN 33589 294 5 of of IN 33589 294 6 basilican basilican JJ 33589 294 7 type type NN 33589 294 8 , , , 33589 294 9 a a DT 33589 294 10 narthex narthex NN 33589 294 11 surmounted surmount VBN 33589 294 12 by by IN 33589 294 13 a a DT 33589 294 14 gallery gallery NN 33589 294 15 , , , 33589 294 16 a a DT 33589 294 17 pediment pediment NN 33589 294 18 - - HYPH 33589 294 19 like like JJ 33589 294 20 gable gable NN 33589 294 21 at at IN 33589 294 22 the the DT 33589 294 23 western western JJ 33589 294 24 end end NN 33589 294 25 , , , 33589 294 26 an an DT 33589 294 27 octagonal octagonal JJ 33589 294 28 cupola cupola NN 33589 294 29 roofing roof VBG 33589 294 30 over over IN 33589 294 31 the the DT 33589 294 32 eastern eastern JJ 33589 294 33 apse apse NN 33589 294 34 , , , 33589 294 35 with with IN 33589 294 36 a a DT 33589 294 37 circle circle NN 33589 294 38 of of IN 33589 294 39 windows window NNS 33589 294 40 flooding flood VBG 33589 294 41 the the DT 33589 294 42 choir choir NN 33589 294 43 with with IN 33589 294 44 light light NN 33589 294 45 , , , 33589 294 46 a a DT 33589 294 47 triforium triforium NN 33589 294 48 or or CC 33589 294 49 arcaded arcade VBD 33589 294 50 storey storey NN 33589 294 51 above above IN 33589 294 52 the the DT 33589 294 53 aisles aisle NNS 33589 294 54 , , , 33589 294 55 and and CC 33589 294 56 most most RBS 33589 294 57 characteristic characteristic JJ 33589 294 58 of of IN 33589 294 59 all all DT 33589 294 60 , , , 33589 294 61 an an DT 33589 294 62 open open JJ 33589 294 63 external external JJ 33589 294 64 arcaded arcade VBN 33589 294 65 gallery gallery NN 33589 294 66 , , , 33589 294 67 admitting admit VBG 33589 294 68 air air NN 33589 294 69 and and CC 33589 294 70 light light NN 33589 294 71 beneath beneath IN 33589 294 72 the the DT 33589 294 73 roof roof NN 33589 294 74 of of IN 33589 294 75 the the DT 33589 294 76 apse apse NN 33589 294 77 , , , 33589 294 78 such such JJ 33589 294 79 as as IN 33589 294 80 was be VBD 33589 294 81 to to TO 33589 294 82 become become VB 33589 294 83 so so RB 33589 294 84 effective effective JJ 33589 294 85 a a DT 33589 294 86 decorative decorative JJ 33589 294 87 feature feature NN 33589 294 88 of of IN 33589 294 89 later later JJ 33589 294 90 buildings building NNS 33589 294 91 , , , 33589 294 92 and and CC 33589 294 93 in in IN 33589 294 94 some some DT 33589 294 95 cases case NNS 33589 294 96 to to TO 33589 294 97 be be VB 33589 294 98 extended extend VBN 33589 294 99 along along IN 33589 294 100 the the DT 33589 294 101 aisles aisle NNS 33589 294 102 and and CC 33589 294 103 above above IN 33589 294 104 the the DT 33589 294 105 chief chief JJ 33589 294 106 entrance entrance NN 33589 294 107 . . . 33589 295 1 [ [ -LRB- 33589 295 2 Illustration illustration NN 33589 295 3 : : : 33589 295 4 Example example NN 33589 295 5 of of IN 33589 295 6 Arched Arched NNP 33589 295 7 Cornice Cornice NNP 33589 295 8 ] ] -RRB- 33589 295 9 S. S. NNP 33589 295 10 Michele Michele NNP 33589 295 11 , , , 33589 295 12 Pavia Pavia NNP 33589 295 13 , , , 33589 295 14 is be VBZ 33589 295 15 a a DT 33589 295 16 typical typical JJ 33589 295 17 and and CC 33589 295 18 very very RB 33589 295 19 beautiful beautiful JJ 33589 295 20 example example NN 33589 295 21 of of IN 33589 295 22 the the DT 33589 295 23 Romanesque romanesque JJ 33589 295 24 style style NN 33589 295 25 of of IN 33589 295 26 the the DT 33589 295 27 twelfth twelfth JJ 33589 295 28 century century NN 33589 295 29 , , , 33589 295 30 specially specially RB 33589 295 31 noteworthy noteworthy JJ 33589 295 32 features feature NNS 33589 295 33 being be VBG 33589 295 34 its -PRON- PRP$ 33589 295 35 cruciform cruciform NN 33589 295 36 plan plan NN 33589 295 37 , , , 33589 295 38 its -PRON- PRP$ 33589 295 39 two two CD 33589 295 40 - - HYPH 33589 295 41 storied story VBN 33589 295 42 aisles aisle NNS 33589 295 43 , , , 33589 295 44 and and CC 33589 295 45 its -PRON- PRP$ 33589 295 46 external external JJ 33589 295 47 gallery gallery NN 33589 295 48 with with IN 33589 295 49 clustered clustered JJ 33589 295 50 pilasters pilaster NNS 33589 295 51 ; ; : 33589 295 52 and and CC 33589 295 53 the the DT 33589 295 54 contemporary contemporary JJ 33589 295 55 S. S. NNP 33589 295 56 Zeno Zeno NNP 33589 295 57 , , , 33589 295 58 Verona Verona NNP 33589 295 59 , , , 33589 295 60 though though IN 33589 295 61 it -PRON- PRP 33589 295 62 has have VBZ 33589 295 63 no no DT 33589 295 64 triforium triforium NN 33589 295 65 and and CC 33589 295 66 is be VBZ 33589 295 67 not not RB 33589 295 68 vaulted vault VBN 33589 295 69 , , , 33589 295 70 has have VBZ 33589 295 71 noble noble RB 33589 295 72 clustered clustered JJ 33589 295 73 piers pier NNS 33589 295 74 from from IN 33589 295 75 which which WDT 33589 295 76 sprang sprang NNP 33589 295 77 arches arch VBZ 33589 295 78 -- -- : 33589 295 79 only only RB 33589 295 80 one one CD 33589 295 81 of of IN 33589 295 82 which which WDT 33589 295 83 remains remain VBZ 33589 295 84 -- -- : 33589 295 85 spanning span VBG 33589 295 86 the the DT 33589 295 87 nave nave NN 33589 295 88 , , , 33589 295 89 alternating alternate VBG 33589 295 90 with with IN 33589 295 91 single single JJ 33589 295 92 columns column NNS 33589 295 93 . . . 33589 296 1 Other other JJ 33589 296 2 fine fine JJ 33589 296 3 Romanesque romanesque JJ 33589 296 4 buildings building NNS 33589 296 5 in in IN 33589 296 6 Italy Italy NNP 33589 296 7 are be VBP 33589 296 8 the the DT 33589 296 9 Cathedral Cathedral NNP 33589 296 10 of of IN 33589 296 11 Verona Verona NNP 33589 296 12 , , , 33589 296 13 which which WDT 33589 296 14 has have VBZ 33589 296 15 a a DT 33589 296 16 fine fine JJ 33589 296 17 two two CD 33589 296 18 - - HYPH 33589 296 19 storied story VBN 33589 296 20 porch porch NN 33589 296 21 ; ; : 33589 296 22 the the DT 33589 296 23 Cathedral Cathedral NNP 33589 296 24 of of IN 33589 296 25 Novara Novara NNP 33589 296 26 , , , 33589 296 27 specially specially RB 33589 296 28 noteworthy noteworthy JJ 33589 296 29 for for IN 33589 296 30 its -PRON- PRP$ 33589 296 31 beautiful beautiful JJ 33589 296 32 atrium atrium NN 33589 296 33 ; ; : 33589 296 34 S. S. NNP 33589 296 35 Miniato Miniato NNP 33589 296 36 , , , 33589 296 37 Florence Florence NNP 33589 296 38 , , , 33589 296 39 that that DT 33589 296 40 is be VBZ 33589 296 41 of of IN 33589 296 42 basilican basilican JJ 33589 296 43 plan plan NN 33589 296 44 , , , 33589 296 45 and and CC 33589 296 46 , , , 33589 296 47 though though IN 33589 296 48 it -PRON- PRP 33589 296 49 is be VBZ 33589 296 50 without without IN 33589 296 51 transepts transept NNS 33589 296 52 , , , 33589 296 53 has have VBZ 33589 296 54 the the DT 33589 296 55 distinctive distinctive JJ 33589 296 56 Romanesque romanesque JJ 33589 296 57 feature feature NN 33589 296 58 of of IN 33589 296 59 transverse transverse JJ 33589 296 60 arches arch NNS 33589 296 61 upheld uphold VBN 33589 296 62 by by IN 33589 296 63 clustered clustered JJ 33589 296 64 piers pier NNS 33589 296 65 spanning span VBG 33589 296 66 the the DT 33589 296 67 nave nave NN 33589 296 68 and and CC 33589 296 69 aisles aisle NNS 33589 296 70 ; ; : 33589 296 71 S. S. NNP 33589 296 72 Antonio Antonio NNP 33589 296 73 , , , 33589 296 74 Piacenza Piacenza NNP 33589 296 75 , , , 33589 296 76 with with IN 33589 296 77 transepts transept NNS 33589 296 78 at at IN 33589 296 79 the the DT 33589 296 80 western western JJ 33589 296 81 instead instead RB 33589 296 82 of of IN 33589 296 83 the the DT 33589 296 84 eastern eastern JJ 33589 296 85 end end NN 33589 296 86 , , , 33589 296 87 fine fine JJ 33589 296 88 intersecting intersecting NN 33589 296 89 vaults vault NNS 33589 296 90 roofing roof VBG 33589 296 91 in in IN 33589 296 92 the the DT 33589 296 93 whole whole JJ 33589 296 94 building building NN 33589 296 95 , , , 33589 296 96 and and CC 33589 296 97 a a DT 33589 296 98 tower tower NN 33589 296 99 rising rise VBG 33589 296 100 from from IN 33589 296 101 the the DT 33589 296 102 junction junction NN 33589 296 103 of of IN 33589 296 104 the the DT 33589 296 105 nave nave NN 33589 296 106 and and CC 33589 296 107 transepts transept NNS 33589 296 108 ; ; , 33589 296 109 and and CC 33589 296 110 the the DT 33589 296 111 Cathedral Cathedral NNP 33589 296 112 of of IN 33589 296 113 Pisa Pisa NNP 33589 296 114 , , , 33589 296 115 the the DT 33589 296 116 last last JJ 33589 296 117 a a DT 33589 296 118 complex complex JJ 33589 296 119 building building NN 33589 296 120 with with IN 33589 296 121 vaulted vaulted JJ 33589 296 122 aisles aisle NNS 33589 296 123 , , , 33589 296 124 a a DT 33589 296 125 dome dome NN 33589 296 126 above above IN 33589 296 127 the the DT 33589 296 128 intersection intersection NN 33589 296 129 of of IN 33589 296 130 the the DT 33589 296 131 transepts transept NNS 33589 296 132 and and CC 33589 296 133 nave nave NNP 33589 296 134 , , , 33589 296 135 a a DT 33589 296 136 flat flat JJ 33589 296 137 roof roof NN 33589 296 138 over over IN 33589 296 139 the the DT 33589 296 140 latter latter JJ 33589 296 141 , , , 33589 296 142 and and CC 33589 296 143 a a DT 33589 296 144 lofty lofty JJ 33589 296 145 triforium triforium NN 33589 296 146 gallery gallery NN 33589 296 147 running run VBG 33589 296 148 round round IN 33589 296 149 the the DT 33589 296 150 entire entire JJ 33589 296 151 church church NN 33589 296 152 , , , 33589 296 153 the the DT 33589 296 154 general general JJ 33589 296 155 effect effect NN 33589 296 156 being be VBG 33589 296 157 most most RBS 33589 296 158 pleasing pleasing JJ 33589 296 159 and and CC 33589 296 160 harmonious harmonious JJ 33589 296 161 . . . 33589 297 1 Close close RB 33589 297 2 to to IN 33589 297 3 the the DT 33589 297 4 cathedral cathedral NN 33589 297 5 are be VBP 33589 297 6 the the DT 33589 297 7 12th 12th JJ 33589 297 8 century century NN 33589 297 9 circular circular JJ 33589 297 10 Baptistery Baptistery NNP 33589 297 11 , , , 33589 297 12 that that DT 33589 297 13 has have VBZ 33589 297 14 considerably considerably RB 33589 297 15 later later JJ 33589 297 16 additions addition NNS 33589 297 17 , , , 33589 297 18 and and CC 33589 297 19 the the DT 33589 297 20 famous famous JJ 33589 297 21 Leaning Leaning NNP 33589 297 22 Tower Tower NNP 33589 297 23 , , , 33589 297 24 the the DT 33589 297 25 three three CD 33589 297 26 buildings building NNS 33589 297 27 forming form VBG 33589 297 28 one one CD 33589 297 29 of of IN 33589 297 30 the the DT 33589 297 31 finest fine JJS 33589 297 32 architectural architectural JJ 33589 297 33 groups group NNS 33589 297 34 in in IN 33589 297 35 the the DT 33589 297 36 world world NN 33589 297 37 . . . 33589 298 1 Certain certain JJ 33589 298 2 very very RB 33589 298 3 marked marked JJ 33589 298 4 characteristics characteristic NNS 33589 298 5 distinguish distinguish VBP 33589 298 6 the the DT 33589 298 7 buildings building NNS 33589 298 8 of of IN 33589 298 9 Sicily Sicily NNP 33589 298 10 from from IN 33589 298 11 those those DT 33589 298 12 of of IN 33589 298 13 contemporary contemporary JJ 33589 298 14 date date NN 33589 298 15 on on IN 33589 298 16 the the DT 33589 298 17 mainland mainland NN 33589 298 18 of of IN 33589 298 19 Italy Italy NNP 33589 298 20 , , , 33589 298 21 the the DT 33589 298 22 Romanesque romanesque JJ 33589 298 23 style style NN 33589 298 24 , , , 33589 298 25 as as IN 33589 298 26 is be VBZ 33589 298 27 very very RB 33589 298 28 clearly clearly RB 33589 298 29 seen see VBN 33589 298 30 in in IN 33589 298 31 the the DT 33589 298 32 Cathedral Cathedral NNP 33589 298 33 of of IN 33589 298 34 Monreale Monreale NNP 33589 298 35 , , , 33589 298 36 having have VBG 33589 298 37 been be VBN 33589 298 38 there there RB 33589 298 39 considerably considerably RB 33589 298 40 modified modify VBN 33589 298 41 alike alike RB 33589 298 42 by by IN 33589 298 43 Saracenic Saracenic NNP 33589 298 44 and and CC 33589 298 45 Norman Norman NNP 33589 298 46 influences influence NNS 33589 298 47 . . . 33589 299 1 The the DT 33589 299 2 pointed pointed JJ 33589 299 3 arch arch NN 33589 299 4 was be VBD 33589 299 5 adopted adopt VBN 33589 299 6 long long RB 33589 299 7 before before IN 33589 299 8 it -PRON- PRP 33589 299 9 came come VBD 33589 299 10 into into IN 33589 299 11 use use NN 33589 299 12 elsewhere elsewhere RB 33589 299 13 in in IN 33589 299 14 Europe Europe NNP 33589 299 15 , , , 33589 299 16 having have VBG 33589 299 17 been be VBN 33589 299 18 , , , 33589 299 19 it -PRON- PRP 33589 299 20 is be VBZ 33589 299 21 suggested suggest VBN 33589 299 22 , , , 33589 299 23 a a DT 33589 299 24 modification modification NN 33589 299 25 of of IN 33589 299 26 the the DT 33589 299 27 horse horse NN 33589 299 28 - - HYPH 33589 299 29 shoe shoe NN 33589 299 30 form form NN 33589 299 31 so so RB 33589 299 32 characteristic characteristic JJ 33589 299 33 of of IN 33589 299 34 Moorish moorish JJ 33589 299 35 mosques mosque NNS 33589 299 36 . . . 33589 300 1 In in IN 33589 300 2 France France NNP 33589 300 3 , , , 33589 300 4 Romanesque romanesque JJ 33589 300 5 ecclesiastical ecclesiastical JJ 33589 300 6 architecture architecture NN 33589 300 7 followed follow VBD 33589 300 8 , , , 33589 300 9 in in IN 33589 300 10 the the DT 33589 300 11 main main JJ 33589 300 12 , , , 33589 300 13 the the DT 33589 300 14 same same JJ 33589 300 15 lines line NNS 33589 300 16 as as IN 33589 300 17 in in IN 33589 300 18 Italy Italy NNP 33589 300 19 , , , 33589 300 20 with with IN 33589 300 21 , , , 33589 300 22 in in IN 33589 300 23 many many JJ 33589 300 24 cases case NNS 33589 300 25 , , , 33589 300 26 one one CD 33589 300 27 notable notable JJ 33589 300 28 addition addition NN 33589 300 29 , , , 33589 300 30 that that DT 33589 300 31 of of IN 33589 300 32 the the DT 33589 300 33 chevet chevet NNS 33589 300 34 , , , 33589 300 35 a a DT 33589 300 36 circlet circlet NN 33589 300 37 of of IN 33589 300 38 chapels chapel NNS 33589 300 39 round round IN 33589 300 40 the the DT 33589 300 41 eastern eastern JJ 33589 300 42 apse apse NN 33589 300 43 , , , 33589 300 44 which which WDT 33589 300 45 gradually gradually RB 33589 300 46 grew grow VBD 33589 300 47 out out IN 33589 300 48 of of IN 33589 300 49 what what WP 33589 300 50 was be VBD 33589 300 51 known know VBN 33589 300 52 as as IN 33589 300 53 an an DT 33589 300 54 ambulatory ambulatory NN 33589 300 55 , , , 33589 300 56 that that DT 33589 300 57 is be VBZ 33589 300 58 to to TO 33589 300 59 say say VB 33589 300 60 , , , 33589 300 61 a a DT 33589 300 62 space space NN 33589 300 63 in in IN 33589 300 64 which which WDT 33589 300 65 perambulation perambulation NN 33589 300 66 was be VBD 33589 300 67 possible possible JJ 33589 300 68 , , , 33589 300 69 obtained obtain VBN 33589 300 70 by by IN 33589 300 71 the the DT 33589 300 72 extension extension NN 33589 300 73 of of IN 33589 300 74 the the DT 33589 300 75 aisles aisle NNS 33589 300 76 behind behind IN 33589 300 77 the the DT 33589 300 78 choir choir NN 33589 300 79 . . . 33589 301 1 In in IN 33589 301 2 early early JJ 33589 301 3 examples example NNS 33589 301 4 of of IN 33589 301 5 the the DT 33589 301 6 ambulatory ambulatory NN 33589 301 7 the the DT 33589 301 8 circle circle NN 33589 301 9 was be VBD 33589 301 10 continuous continuous JJ 33589 301 11 , , , 33589 301 12 as as IN 33589 301 13 in in IN 33589 301 14 the the DT 33589 301 15 church church NN 33589 301 16 of of IN 33589 301 17 S. S. NNP 33589 301 18 Saturnin Saturnin NNP 33589 301 19 , , , 33589 301 20 Auvergne Auvergne NNP 33589 301 21 , , , 33589 301 22 but but CC 33589 301 23 as as IN 33589 301 24 time time NN 33589 301 25 went go VBD 33589 301 26 on on RP 33589 301 27 , , , 33589 301 28 small small JJ 33589 301 29 semicircular semicircular JJ 33589 301 30 chapels chapel NNS 33589 301 31 were be VBD 33589 301 32 introduced introduce VBN 33589 301 33 , , , 33589 301 34 with with IN 33589 301 35 windows window NNS 33589 301 36 between between IN 33589 301 37 them -PRON- PRP 33589 301 38 , , , 33589 301 39 that that DT 33589 301 40 gradually gradually RB 33589 301 41 developed develop VBD 33589 301 42 into into IN 33589 301 43 the the DT 33589 301 44 chevet chevet NNS 33589 301 45 , , , 33589 301 46 the the DT 33589 301 47 chapels chapel NNS 33589 301 48 increasing increase VBG 33589 301 49 in in IN 33589 301 50 number number NN 33589 301 51 and and CC 33589 301 52 in in IN 33589 301 53 size size NN 33589 301 54 , , , 33589 301 55 and and CC 33589 301 56 in in IN 33589 301 57 some some DT 33589 301 58 cases case NNS 33589 301 59 extending extend VBG 33589 301 60 westwards westward NNS 33589 301 61 along along IN 33589 301 62 the the DT 33589 301 63 aisles aisle NNS 33589 301 64 . . . 33589 302 1 The the DT 33589 302 2 churches church NNS 33589 302 3 and and CC 33589 302 4 cathedrals cathedral NNS 33589 302 5 of of IN 33589 302 6 Southern Southern NNP 33589 302 7 France France NNP 33589 302 8 differ differ VBP 33589 302 9 in in IN 33589 302 10 several several JJ 33589 302 11 respects respect NNS 33589 302 12 from from IN 33589 302 13 those those DT 33589 302 14 of of IN 33589 302 15 the the DT 33589 302 16 North North NNP 33589 302 17 , , , 33589 302 18 the the DT 33589 302 19 aisleless aisleless NNP 33589 302 20 basilica basilica NNP 33589 302 21 plan plan NN 33589 302 22 with with IN 33589 302 23 barrel barrel NN 33589 302 24 , , , 33589 302 25 intersecting intersect VBG 33589 302 26 , , , 33589 302 27 or or CC 33589 302 28 domed dome VBD 33589 302 29 vaulting vaulting NN 33589 302 30 being being NN 33589 302 31 of of IN 33589 302 32 frequent frequent JJ 33589 302 33 occurrence occurrence NN 33589 302 34 in in IN 33589 302 35 the the DT 33589 302 36 former former JJ 33589 302 37 , , , 33589 302 38 whilst whilst IN 33589 302 39 in in IN 33589 302 40 the the DT 33589 302 41 latter latter JJ 33589 302 42 the the DT 33589 302 43 beautiful beautiful JJ 33589 302 44 arcaded arcade VBN 33589 302 45 aisles aisle NNS 33589 302 46 and and CC 33589 302 47 steeply steeply RB 33589 302 48 pitched pitch VBD 33589 302 49 roof roof NN 33589 302 50 presage presage VB 33589 302 51 the the DT 33589 302 52 approach approach NN 33589 302 53 of of IN 33589 302 54 the the DT 33589 302 55 Gothic gothic JJ 33589 302 56 style style NN 33589 302 57 with with IN 33589 302 58 its -PRON- PRP$ 33589 302 59 pointed pointed JJ 33589 302 60 arches arch NNS 33589 302 61 , , , 33589 302 62 groined groin VBD 33589 302 63 roofs roof NNS 33589 302 64 , , , 33589 302 65 flying fly VBG 33589 302 66 buttresses buttress NNS 33589 302 67 , , , 33589 302 68 and and CC 33589 302 69 tapering taper VBG 33589 302 70 pinnacles pinnacle NNS 33589 302 71 . . . 33589 303 1 The the DT 33589 303 2 five five CD 33589 303 3 - - HYPH 33589 303 4 domed dome VBN 33589 303 5 S. S. NNP 33589 303 6 Front Front NNP 33589 303 7 in in IN 33589 303 8 Perigueux Perigueux NNP 33589 303 9 , , , 33589 303 10 though though IN 33589 303 11 it -PRON- PRP 33589 303 12 has have VBZ 33589 303 13 rudimentary rudimentary JJ 33589 303 14 aisles aisle NNS 33589 303 15 only only RB 33589 303 16 , , , 33589 303 17 is be VBZ 33589 303 18 a a DT 33589 303 19 good good JJ 33589 303 20 example example NN 33589 303 21 of of IN 33589 303 22 an an DT 33589 303 23 early early JJ 33589 303 24 French french JJ 33589 303 25 Romanesque romanesque JJ 33589 303 26 building building NN 33589 303 27 , , , 33589 303 28 in in IN 33589 303 29 which which WDT 33589 303 30 Oriental oriental JJ 33589 303 31 influence influence NN 33589 303 32 is be VBZ 33589 303 33 very very RB 33589 303 34 perceptible perceptible JJ 33589 303 35 , , , 33589 303 36 it -PRON- PRP 33589 303 37 being be VBG 33589 303 38 in in IN 33589 303 39 some some DT 33589 303 40 of of IN 33589 303 41 its -PRON- PRP$ 33589 303 42 features feature NNS 33589 303 43 a a DT 33589 303 44 copy copy NN 33589 303 45 of of IN 33589 303 46 S. S. NNP 33589 303 47 Marco Marco NNP 33589 303 48 , , , 33589 303 49 Venice Venice NNP 33589 303 50 , , , 33589 303 51 whilst whilst IN 33589 303 52 in in IN 33589 303 53 the the DT 33589 303 54 later later JJ 33589 303 55 Cathedral Cathedral NNP 33589 303 56 of of IN 33589 303 57 Angoulême Angoulême NNP 33589 303 58 of of IN 33589 303 59 cruciform cruciform NN 33589 303 60 plan plan NN 33589 303 61 with with IN 33589 303 62 apsidal apsidal NN 33589 303 63 chapels chapel NNS 33589 303 64 , , , 33589 303 65 that that DT 33589 303 66 of of IN 33589 303 67 Le Le NNP 33589 303 68 Puy Puy NNP 33589 303 69 with with IN 33589 303 70 a a DT 33589 303 71 triple triple JJ 33589 303 72 entrance entrance NN 33589 303 73 porch porch NN 33589 303 74 , , , 33589 303 75 the the DT 33589 303 76 church church NN 33589 303 77 of of IN 33589 303 78 S. S. NNP 33589 303 79 Hilaire Hilaire NNP 33589 303 80 , , , 33589 303 81 Poitiers Poitiers NNP 33589 303 82 , , , 33589 303 83 with with IN 33589 303 84 its -PRON- PRP$ 33589 303 85 irregular irregular JJ 33589 303 86 domes dome NNS 33589 303 87 , , , 33589 303 88 the the DT 33589 303 89 uncompleted uncompleted JJ 33589 303 90 S. S. NNP 33589 303 91 Ours Ours NNP 33589 303 92 , , , 33589 303 93 Loche Loche NNP 33589 303 94 , , , 33589 303 95 with with IN 33589 303 96 its -PRON- PRP$ 33589 303 97 pyramidal pyramidal JJ 33589 303 98 octagonal octagonal JJ 33589 303 99 spires spire NNS 33589 303 100 , , , 33589 303 101 S. S. NNP 33589 303 102 Saturnin Saturnin NNP 33589 303 103 , , , 33589 303 104 Toulouse Toulouse NNP 33589 303 105 , , , 33589 303 106 with with IN 33589 303 107 its -PRON- PRP$ 33589 303 108 central central JJ 33589 303 109 many many JJ 33589 303 110 - - HYPH 33589 303 111 storied storied JJ 33589 303 112 tapering taper VBG 33589 303 113 tower tower NN 33589 303 114 , , , 33589 303 115 the the DT 33589 303 116 12th 12th JJ 33589 303 117 century century NN 33589 303 118 churches church NNS 33589 303 119 of of IN 33589 303 120 Vezelay Vezelay NNP 33589 303 121 and and CC 33589 303 122 Avallon Avallon NNP 33589 303 123 ; ; : 33589 303 124 the the DT 33589 303 125 cathedral cathedral NN 33589 303 126 and and CC 33589 303 127 church church NN 33589 303 128 of of IN 33589 303 129 La La NNP 33589 303 130 Trinité Trinité NNP 33589 303 131 at at IN 33589 303 132 Angers Angers NNPS 33589 303 133 , , , 33589 303 134 both both DT 33589 303 135 combining combine VBG 33589 303 136 pointed pointed JJ 33589 303 137 arches arch NNS 33589 303 138 with with IN 33589 303 139 domed domed JJ 33589 303 140 vaulting vaulting NN 33589 303 141 , , , 33589 303 142 the the DT 33589 303 143 gradual gradual JJ 33589 303 144 development development NN 33589 303 145 of of IN 33589 303 146 the the DT 33589 303 147 southern southern JJ 33589 303 148 branch branch NN 33589 303 149 of of IN 33589 303 150 French french JJ 33589 303 151 Romanesque romanesque JJ 33589 303 152 architecture architecture NN 33589 303 153 can can MD 33589 303 154 be be VB 33589 303 155 very very RB 33589 303 156 clearly clearly RB 33589 303 157 studied study VBN 33589 303 158 . . . 33589 304 1 In in IN 33589 304 2 many many JJ 33589 304 3 of of IN 33589 304 4 the the DT 33589 304 5 noble noble JJ 33589 304 6 churches church NNS 33589 304 7 and and CC 33589 304 8 cathedrals cathedral NNS 33589 304 9 of of IN 33589 304 10 Northern Northern NNP 33589 304 11 France France NNP 33589 304 12 and and CC 33589 304 13 elsewhere elsewhere RB 33589 304 14 the the DT 33589 304 15 Romanesque Romanesque NNP 33589 304 16 may may MD 33589 304 17 justly justly RB 33589 304 18 be be VB 33589 304 19 said say VBN 33589 304 20 to to TO 33589 304 21 have have VB 33589 304 22 melted melt VBN 33589 304 23 into into IN 33589 304 24 the the DT 33589 304 25 Gothic gothic JJ 33589 304 26 style style NN 33589 304 27 , , , 33589 304 28 some some DT 33589 304 29 of of IN 33589 304 30 them -PRON- PRP 33589 304 31 combining combine VBG 33589 304 32 as as IN 33589 304 33 they -PRON- PRP 33589 304 34 do do VBP 33589 304 35 the the DT 33589 304 36 most most RBS 33589 304 37 beautiful beautiful JJ 33589 304 38 features feature NNS 33589 304 39 of of IN 33589 304 40 both both DT 33589 304 41 . . . 33589 305 1 To to IN 33589 305 2 the the DT 33589 305 3 cost cost NN 33589 305 4 of of IN 33589 305 5 their -PRON- PRP$ 33589 305 6 erection erection NN 33589 305 7 ecclesiastics ecclesiastic NNS 33589 305 8 and and CC 33589 305 9 laymen laymen NNP 33589 305 10 alike alike RB 33589 305 11 contributed contribute VBD 33589 305 12 with with IN 33589 305 13 eager eager JJ 33589 305 14 zeal zeal NN 33589 305 15 , , , 33589 305 16 and and CC 33589 305 17 amongst amongst IN 33589 305 18 the the DT 33589 305 19 architects architect NNS 33589 305 20 and and CC 33589 305 21 craftsmen craftsman NNS 33589 305 22 employed employ VBN 33589 305 23 on on IN 33589 305 24 them -PRON- PRP 33589 305 25 , , , 33589 305 26 class class NN 33589 305 27 and and CC 33589 305 28 professional professional JJ 33589 305 29 rivalry rivalry NNS 33589 305 30 were be VBD 33589 305 31 merged merge VBN 33589 305 32 in in IN 33589 305 33 one one CD 33589 305 34 common common JJ 33589 305 35 enthusiasm enthusiasm NN 33589 305 36 to to TO 33589 305 37 promote promote VB 33589 305 38 the the DT 33589 305 39 glory glory NN 33589 305 40 of of IN 33589 305 41 God God NNP 33589 305 42 , , , 33589 305 43 all all DT 33589 305 44 desire desire VBP 33589 305 45 for for IN 33589 305 46 individual individual JJ 33589 305 47 distinction distinction NN 33589 305 48 being be VBG 33589 305 49 merged merge VBN 33589 305 50 in in IN 33589 305 51 an an DT 33589 305 52 unselfish unselfish JJ 33589 305 53 ambition ambition NN 33589 305 54 to to TO 33589 305 55 aid aid VB 33589 305 56 in in IN 33589 305 57 producing produce VBG 33589 305 58 a a DT 33589 305 59 building building NN 33589 305 60 worthy worthy JJ 33589 305 61 of of IN 33589 305 62 His -PRON- PRP$ 33589 305 63 worship worship NN 33589 305 64 . . . 33589 306 1 In in IN 33589 306 2 Normandy Normandy NNP 33589 306 3 was be VBD 33589 306 4 inaugurated inaugurate VBN 33589 306 5 the the DT 33589 306 6 phase phase NN 33589 306 7 of of IN 33589 306 8 Romanesque romanesque JJ 33589 306 9 architecture architecture NN 33589 306 10 which which WDT 33589 306 11 was be VBD 33589 306 12 to to TO 33589 306 13 develop develop VB 33589 306 14 on on IN 33589 306 15 such such JJ 33589 306 16 noble noble JJ 33589 306 17 lines line NNS 33589 306 18 in in IN 33589 306 19 England England NNP 33589 306 20 , , , 33589 306 21 the the DT 33589 306 22 chief chief JJ 33589 306 23 distinctions distinction NNS 33589 306 24 of of IN 33589 306 25 which which WDT 33589 306 26 are be VBP 33589 306 27 the the DT 33589 306 28 massiveness massiveness JJ 33589 306 29 of of IN 33589 306 30 the the DT 33589 306 31 walls wall NNS 33589 306 32 and and CC 33589 306 33 pillars pillar NNS 33589 306 34 , , , 33589 306 35 the the DT 33589 306 36 great great JJ 33589 306 37 length length NN 33589 306 38 of of IN 33589 306 39 the the DT 33589 306 40 nave nave NN 33589 306 41 , , , 33589 306 42 the the DT 33589 306 43 richness richness NN 33589 306 44 of of IN 33589 306 45 the the DT 33589 306 46 decoration decoration NN 33589 306 47 alike alike RB 33589 306 48 of of IN 33589 306 49 the the DT 33589 306 50 shafts shaft NNS 33589 306 51 and and CC 33589 306 52 capitals capital NNS 33589 306 53 of of IN 33589 306 54 the the DT 33589 306 55 columns column NNS 33589 306 56 and and CC 33589 306 57 of of IN 33589 306 58 the the DT 33589 306 59 round round RB 33589 306 60 - - HYPH 33589 306 61 headed head VBN 33589 306 62 arches arch NNS 33589 306 63 they -PRON- PRP 33589 306 64 uphold uphold VBP 33589 306 65 . . . 33589 307 1 Very very RB 33589 307 2 notable notable JJ 33589 307 3 examples example NNS 33589 307 4 are be VBP 33589 307 5 the the DT 33589 307 6 Abbaye Abbaye NNP 33589 307 7 aux aux JJ 33589 307 8 Hommes Hommes NNP 33589 307 9 , , , 33589 307 10 the the DT 33589 307 11 Abbaye Abbaye NNP 33589 307 12 aux aux NNP 33589 307 13 Dames Dames NNP 33589 307 14 , , , 33589 307 15 and and CC 33589 307 16 the the DT 33589 307 17 Church Church NNP 33589 307 18 of of IN 33589 307 19 S. S. NNP 33589 307 20 Nicholas Nicholas NNP 33589 307 21 , , , 33589 307 22 all all DT 33589 307 23 at at IN 33589 307 24 Caen Caen NNP 33589 307 25 , , , 33589 307 26 the the DT 33589 307 27 first first JJ 33589 307 28 with with IN 33589 307 29 circular circular JJ 33589 307 30 arched arched JJ 33589 307 31 vaulting vaulting NN 33589 307 32 and and CC 33589 307 33 western western JJ 33589 307 34 towers tower NNS 33589 307 35 ending end VBG 33589 307 36 in in IN 33589 307 37 spires spire NNS 33589 307 38 , , , 33589 307 39 the the DT 33589 307 40 second second JJ 33589 307 41 with with IN 33589 307 42 a a DT 33589 307 43 Gothic gothic JJ 33589 307 44 roof roof NN 33589 307 45 of of IN 33589 307 46 intersecting intersect VBG 33589 307 47 pointed pointed JJ 33589 307 48 arches arch NNS 33589 307 49 , , , 33589 307 50 the the DT 33589 307 51 third third JJ 33589 307 52 with with IN 33589 307 53 three three CD 33589 307 54 apses apse NNS 33589 307 55 , , , 33589 307 56 each each DT 33589 307 57 with with IN 33589 307 58 a a DT 33589 307 59 steeply steeply RB 33589 307 60 pitched pitch VBN 33589 307 61 roof roof NN 33589 307 62 , , , 33589 307 63 a a DT 33589 307 64 porch porch NN 33589 307 65 with with IN 33589 307 66 three three CD 33589 307 67 arcades arcade NNS 33589 307 68 at at IN 33589 307 69 the the DT 33589 307 70 western western JJ 33589 307 71 end end NN 33589 307 72 , , , 33589 307 73 and and CC 33589 307 74 a a DT 33589 307 75 low low JJ 33589 307 76 gabled gabled JJ 33589 307 77 tower tower NN 33589 307 78 rising rise VBG 33589 307 79 from from IN 33589 307 80 the the DT 33589 307 81 point point NN 33589 307 82 of of IN 33589 307 83 intersection intersection NN 33589 307 84 of of IN 33589 307 85 the the DT 33589 307 86 nave nave NN 33589 307 87 and and CC 33589 307 88 transepts transept NNS 33589 307 89 , , , 33589 307 90 the the DT 33589 307 91 three three CD 33589 307 92 buildings building NNS 33589 307 93 illustrating illustrate VBG 33589 307 94 well well RB 33589 307 95 the the DT 33589 307 96 transition transition NN 33589 307 97 from from IN 33589 307 98 the the DT 33589 307 99 simple simple JJ 33589 307 100 basilica basilica NN 33589 307 101 to to IN 33589 307 102 the the DT 33589 307 103 complex complex JJ 33589 307 104 Gothic gothic JJ 33589 307 105 structure structure NN 33589 307 106 . . . 33589 308 1 With with IN 33589 308 2 them -PRON- PRP 33589 308 3 may may MD 33589 308 4 be be VB 33589 308 5 named name VBN 33589 308 6 the the DT 33589 308 7 Abbey Abbey NNP 33589 308 8 of of IN 33589 308 9 Jumièges Jumièges NNPS 33589 308 10 , , , 33589 308 11 of of IN 33589 308 12 which which WDT 33589 308 13 unfortunately unfortunately RB 33589 308 14 but but CC 33589 308 15 a a DT 33589 308 16 few few JJ 33589 308 17 relics relic NNS 33589 308 18 remain remain VBP 33589 308 19 , , , 33589 308 20 which which WDT 33589 308 21 had have VBD 33589 308 22 beautiful beautiful JJ 33589 308 23 clustered clustered JJ 33589 308 24 piers pier NNS 33589 308 25 alternating alternate VBG 33589 308 26 with with IN 33589 308 27 single single JJ 33589 308 28 columns column NNS 33589 308 29 upholding uphold VBG 33589 308 30 semicircular semicircular JJ 33589 308 31 lateral lateral JJ 33589 308 32 arches arch NNS 33589 308 33 , , , 33589 308 34 a a DT 33589 308 35 flat flat JJ 33589 308 36 roofed roof VBN 33589 308 37 nave nave NN 33589 308 38 , , , 33589 308 39 and and CC 33589 308 40 vaulted vault VBD 33589 308 41 aisles aisle NNS 33589 308 42 . . . 33589 309 1 Other other JJ 33589 309 2 fine fine JJ 33589 309 3 Romanesque romanesque JJ 33589 309 4 churches church NNS 33589 309 5 of of IN 33589 309 6 Northern Northern NNP 33589 309 7 France France NNP 33589 309 8 , , , 33589 309 9 all all DT 33589 309 10 of of IN 33589 309 11 which which WDT 33589 309 12 differ differ VBP 33589 309 13 somewhat somewhat RB 33589 309 14 in in IN 33589 309 15 general general JJ 33589 309 16 appearance appearance NN 33589 309 17 from from IN 33589 309 18 those those DT 33589 309 19 of of IN 33589 309 20 Normandy Normandy NNP 33589 309 21 , , , 33589 309 22 are be VBP 33589 309 23 the the DT 33589 309 24 Cathedrals Cathedrals NNPS 33589 309 25 of of IN 33589 309 26 Noyon Noyon NNP 33589 309 27 and and CC 33589 309 28 Soissons Soissons NNPS 33589 309 29 , , , 33589 309 30 the the DT 33589 309 31 church church NN 33589 309 32 of of IN 33589 309 33 S. S. NNP 33589 309 34 Pierre Pierre NNP 33589 309 35 at at IN 33589 309 36 Lisieux Lisieux NNP 33589 309 37 , , , 33589 309 38 all all DT 33589 309 39 of of IN 33589 309 40 which which WDT 33589 309 41 combine combine VBP 33589 309 42 pointed point VBD 33589 309 43 with with IN 33589 309 44 semicircular semicircular JJ 33589 309 45 arches arch NNS 33589 309 46 , , , 33589 309 47 and and CC 33589 309 48 above above IN 33589 309 49 all all PDT 33589 309 50 the the DT 33589 309 51 Cathedral Cathedral NNP 33589 309 52 of of IN 33589 309 53 Le Le NNP 33589 309 54 Mans Mans NNP 33589 309 55 , , , 33589 309 56 which which WDT 33589 309 57 has have VBZ 33589 309 58 a a DT 33589 309 59 very very RB 33589 309 60 characteristic characteristic JJ 33589 309 61 Romanesque romanesque JJ 33589 309 62 nave nave NN 33589 309 63 flanked flank VBN 33589 309 64 by by IN 33589 309 65 round round RB 33589 309 66 - - HYPH 33589 309 67 headed head VBN 33589 309 68 arches arch NNS 33589 309 69 and and CC 33589 309 70 roofed roof VBD 33589 309 71 over over RP 33589 309 72 with with IN 33589 309 73 an an DT 33589 309 74 equally equally RB 33589 309 75 characteristic characteristic JJ 33589 309 76 groined groin VBN 33589 309 77 Gothic Gothic NNP 33589 309 78 vault vault NN 33589 309 79 , , , 33589 309 80 whilst whilst IN 33589 309 81 the the DT 33589 309 82 choir choir NN 33589 309 83 , , , 33589 309 84 added add VBN 33589 309 85 in in IN 33589 309 86 the the DT 33589 309 87 early early JJ 33589 309 88 13th 13th JJ 33589 309 89 century century NN 33589 309 90 , , , 33589 309 91 is be VBZ 33589 309 92 encircled encircle VBN 33589 309 93 by by IN 33589 309 94 a a DT 33589 309 95 beautiful beautiful JJ 33589 309 96 chevet chevet NNS 33589 309 97 , , , 33589 309 98 the the DT 33589 309 99 exterior exterior NN 33589 309 100 of of IN 33589 309 101 which which WDT 33589 309 102 with with IN 33589 309 103 its -PRON- PRP$ 33589 309 104 many many JJ 33589 309 105 buttresses buttress NNS 33589 309 106 and and CC 33589 309 107 pinnacles pinnacle NNS 33589 309 108 presents present VBZ 33589 309 109 a a DT 33589 309 110 most most RBS 33589 309 111 impressive impressive JJ 33589 309 112 appearance appearance NN 33589 309 113 . . . 33589 310 1 One one CD 33589 310 2 of of IN 33589 310 3 the the DT 33589 310 4 finest fine JJS 33589 310 5 Romanesque romanesque JJ 33589 310 6 buildings building NNS 33589 310 7 in in IN 33589 310 8 Europe Europe NNP 33589 310 9 is be VBZ 33589 310 10 the the DT 33589 310 11 Cathedral Cathedral NNP 33589 310 12 of of IN 33589 310 13 Tournai Tournai NNP 33589 310 14 , , , 33589 310 15 Belgium Belgium NNP 33589 310 16 , , , 33589 310 17 which which WDT 33589 310 18 has have VBZ 33589 310 19 a a DT 33589 310 20 flat flat RB 33589 310 21 - - HYPH 33589 310 22 roofed roofed JJ 33589 310 23 nave nave NN 33589 310 24 of of IN 33589 310 25 exceptional exceptional JJ 33589 310 26 length length NN 33589 310 27 , , , 33589 310 28 picturesque picturesque NN 33589 310 29 lateral lateral JJ 33589 310 30 storied storied JJ 33589 310 31 galleries gallery NNS 33589 310 32 , , , 33589 310 33 a a DT 33589 310 34 central central JJ 33589 310 35 tower tower NN 33589 310 36 with with IN 33589 310 37 a a DT 33589 310 38 lofty lofty JJ 33589 310 39 spire spire NN 33589 310 40 , , , 33589 310 41 and and CC 33589 310 42 two two CD 33589 310 43 supplementary supplementary JJ 33589 310 44 towers tower NNS 33589 310 45 , , , 33589 310 46 also also RB 33589 310 47 with with IN 33589 310 48 spires spire NNS 33589 310 49 , , , 33589 310 50 flanking flank VBG 33589 310 51 the the DT 33589 310 52 northern northern JJ 33589 310 53 and and CC 33589 310 54 southern southern JJ 33589 310 55 apses apse NNS 33589 310 56 . . . 33589 311 1 Elsewhere elsewhere RB 33589 311 2 in in IN 33589 311 3 Belgium Belgium NNP 33589 311 4 are be VBP 33589 311 5 several several JJ 33589 311 6 flat flat RB 33589 311 7 - - HYPH 33589 311 8 roofed roof VBN 33589 311 9 churches church NNS 33589 311 10 of of IN 33589 311 11 basilican basilican NNP 33589 311 12 plan plan NN 33589 311 13 , , , 33589 311 14 some some DT 33589 311 15 with with IN 33589 311 16 ambulatories ambulatory NNS 33589 311 17 in in IN 33589 311 18 the the DT 33589 311 19 French french JJ 33589 311 20 style style NN 33589 311 21 but but CC 33589 311 22 no no DT 33589 311 23 apsidal apsidal NN 33589 311 24 chapels chapel NNS 33589 311 25 . . . 33589 312 1 In in IN 33589 312 2 Spain Spain NNP 33589 312 3 , , , 33589 312 4 on on IN 33589 312 5 the the DT 33589 312 6 other other JJ 33589 312 7 hand hand NN 33589 312 8 , , , 33589 312 9 the the DT 33589 312 10 chevet chevet NNS 33589 312 11 is be VBZ 33589 312 12 rarely rarely RB 33589 312 13 absent absent JJ 33589 312 14 from from IN 33589 312 15 ecclesiastical ecclesiastical JJ 33589 312 16 buildings building NNS 33589 312 17 , , , 33589 312 18 whilst whilst IN 33589 312 19 a a DT 33589 312 20 distinctive distinctive JJ 33589 312 21 local local JJ 33589 312 22 feature feature NN 33589 312 23 is be VBZ 33589 312 24 a a DT 33589 312 25 low low JJ 33589 312 26 central central JJ 33589 312 27 dome dome NN 33589 312 28 or or CC 33589 312 29 tower tower NN 33589 312 30 known know VBN 33589 312 31 as as IN 33589 312 32 the the DT 33589 312 33 cimborio cimborio NN 33589 312 34 , , , 33589 312 35 which which WDT 33589 312 36 is be VBZ 33589 312 37 in in IN 33589 312 38 many many JJ 33589 312 39 cases case NNS 33589 312 40 scarcely scarcely RB 33589 312 41 more more JJR 33589 312 42 than than IN 33589 312 43 a a DT 33589 312 44 swelling swelling NN 33589 312 45 of of IN 33589 312 46 the the DT 33589 312 47 roof roof NN 33589 312 48 at at IN 33589 312 49 the the DT 33589 312 50 point point NN 33589 312 51 of of IN 33589 312 52 intersection intersection NN 33589 312 53 of of IN 33589 312 54 nave nave NN 33589 312 55 and and CC 33589 312 56 transept transept NN 33589 312 57 . . . 33589 313 1 Germany Germany NNP 33589 313 2 is be VBZ 33589 313 3 especially especially RB 33589 313 4 rich rich JJ 33589 313 5 in in IN 33589 313 6 Romanesque romanesque JJ 33589 313 7 churches church NNS 33589 313 8 , , , 33589 313 9 which which WDT 33589 313 10 , , , 33589 313 11 like like IN 33589 313 12 those those DT 33589 313 13 of of IN 33589 313 14 Belgium Belgium NNP 33589 313 15 , , , 33589 313 16 are be VBP 33589 313 17 of of IN 33589 313 18 basilican basilican JJ 33589 313 19 plan plan NN 33589 313 20 with with IN 33589 313 21 flat flat JJ 33589 313 22 roofs roof NNS 33589 313 23 . . . 33589 314 1 In in IN 33589 314 2 the the DT 33589 314 3 Cathedral Cathedral NNP 33589 314 4 of of IN 33589 314 5 Trier Trier NNP 33589 314 6 can can MD 33589 314 7 be be VB 33589 314 8 studied study VBN 33589 314 9 the the DT 33589 314 10 gradual gradual JJ 33589 314 11 growth growth NN 33589 314 12 of of IN 33589 314 13 the the DT 33589 314 14 Teutonic Teutonic NNP 33589 314 15 form form NN 33589 314 16 of of IN 33589 314 17 the the DT 33589 314 18 Romanesque romanesque JJ 33589 314 19 style style NN 33589 314 20 , , , 33589 314 21 for for IN 33589 314 22 it -PRON- PRP 33589 314 23 was be VBD 33589 314 24 originally originally RB 33589 314 25 an an DT 33589 314 26 early early JJ 33589 314 27 Christian Christian NNP 33589 314 28 Church Church NNP 33589 314 29 of of IN 33589 314 30 the the DT 33589 314 31 Roman roman JJ 33589 314 32 type type NN 33589 314 33 , , , 33589 314 34 which which WDT 33589 314 35 was be VBD 33589 314 36 converted convert VBN 33589 314 37 into into IN 33589 314 38 one one CD 33589 314 39 of of IN 33589 314 40 a a DT 33589 314 41 more more RBR 33589 314 42 distinctive distinctive JJ 33589 314 43 style style NN 33589 314 44 in in IN 33589 314 45 the the DT 33589 314 46 11th 11th JJ 33589 314 47 century century NN 33589 314 48 by by IN 33589 314 49 additions addition NNS 33589 314 50 , , , 33589 314 51 including include VBG 33589 314 52 a a DT 33589 314 53 western western JJ 33589 314 54 apse apse NN 33589 314 55 , , , 33589 314 56 whilst whilst IN 33589 314 57 the the DT 33589 314 58 noble noble JJ 33589 314 59 vaulting vaulting NN 33589 314 60 of of IN 33589 314 61 the the DT 33589 314 62 nave nave NN 33589 314 63 dates date NNS 33589 314 64 from from IN 33589 314 65 the the DT 33589 314 66 12th 12th NN 33589 314 67 and and CC 33589 314 68 the the DT 33589 314 69 choir choir NN 33589 314 70 from from IN 33589 314 71 the the DT 33589 314 72 13th 13th JJ 33589 314 73 century century NN 33589 314 74 . . . 33589 315 1 As as IN 33589 315 2 time time NN 33589 315 3 went go VBD 33589 315 4 on on IN 33589 315 5 the the DT 33589 315 6 multiplication multiplication NN 33589 315 7 of of IN 33589 315 8 apses apse NNS 33589 315 9 became become VBD 33589 315 10 characteristic characteristic JJ 33589 315 11 of of IN 33589 315 12 German german JJ 33589 315 13 churches church NNS 33589 315 14 , , , 33589 315 15 it -PRON- PRP 33589 315 16 being be VBG 33589 315 17 usual usual JJ 33589 315 18 to to TO 33589 315 19 add add VB 33589 315 20 one one CD 33589 315 21 at at IN 33589 315 22 the the DT 33589 315 23 western western JJ 33589 315 24 end end NN 33589 315 25 , , , 33589 315 26 and and CC 33589 315 27 more more RBR 33589 315 28 rarely rarely RB 33589 315 29 also also RB 33589 315 30 on on IN 33589 315 31 the the DT 33589 315 32 northern northern JJ 33589 315 33 and and CC 33589 315 34 southern southern JJ 33589 315 35 sides side NNS 33589 315 36 , , , 33589 315 37 the the DT 33589 315 38 beautiful beautiful JJ 33589 315 39 tapering taper VBG 33589 315 40 columns column NNS 33589 315 41 dividing divide VBG 33589 315 42 them -PRON- PRP 33589 315 43 from from IN 33589 315 44 the the DT 33589 315 45 aisles aisle NNS 33589 315 46 , , , 33589 315 47 with with IN 33589 315 48 the the DT 33589 315 49 small small JJ 33589 315 50 chapels chapel NNS 33589 315 51 beyond beyond IN 33589 315 52 them -PRON- PRP 33589 315 53 , , , 33589 315 54 producing produce VBG 33589 315 55 very very RB 33589 315 56 fine fine JJ 33589 315 57 effects effect NNS 33589 315 58 of of IN 33589 315 59 perspective perspective NN 33589 315 60 . . . 33589 316 1 Other other JJ 33589 316 2 peculiarities peculiarity NNS 33589 316 3 of of IN 33589 316 4 German german JJ 33589 316 5 Romanesque romanesque JJ 33589 316 6 buildings building NNS 33589 316 7 are be VBP 33589 316 8 their -PRON- PRP$ 33589 316 9 great great JJ 33589 316 10 height height NN 33589 316 11 and and CC 33589 316 12 the the DT 33589 316 13 noble noble JJ 33589 316 14 proportions proportion NNS 33589 316 15 of of IN 33589 316 16 the the DT 33589 316 17 interiors interior NNS 33589 316 18 , , , 33589 316 19 with with IN 33589 316 20 the the DT 33589 316 21 finely finely RB 33589 316 22 balanced balanced JJ 33589 316 23 grouping grouping NN 33589 316 24 of of IN 33589 316 25 the the DT 33589 316 26 cupolas cupola NNS 33589 316 27 , , , 33589 316 28 towers tower NNS 33589 316 29 , , , 33589 316 30 and and CC 33589 316 31 turrets turret NNS 33589 316 32 of of IN 33589 316 33 the the DT 33589 316 34 exterior exterior NN 33589 316 35 ; ; : 33589 316 36 to to TO 33589 316 37 which which WDT 33589 316 38 must must MD 33589 316 39 be be VB 33589 316 40 added add VBN 33589 316 41 the the DT 33589 316 42 absence absence NN 33589 316 43 of of IN 33589 316 44 the the DT 33589 316 45 great great JJ 33589 316 46 Western western JJ 33589 316 47 doorway doorway NN 33589 316 48 that that WDT 33589 316 49 lends lend VBZ 33589 316 50 such such JJ 33589 316 51 distinction distinction NN 33589 316 52 to to IN 33589 316 53 French french JJ 33589 316 54 , , , 33589 316 55 Italian italian JJ 33589 316 56 , , , 33589 316 57 and and CC 33589 316 58 Belgian belgian JJ 33589 316 59 churches church NNS 33589 316 60 . . . 33589 317 1 Very very RB 33589 317 2 fine fine JJ 33589 317 3 examples example NNS 33589 317 4 of of IN 33589 317 5 the the DT 33589 317 6 style style NN 33589 317 7 in in IN 33589 317 8 Germany Germany NNP 33589 317 9 are be VBP 33589 317 10 the the DT 33589 317 11 churches church NNS 33589 317 12 of of IN 33589 317 13 S. S. NNP 33589 317 14 Maria Maria NNP 33589 317 15 in in IN 33589 317 16 Capitolo Capitolo NNP 33589 317 17 Cologne Cologne NNP 33589 317 18 , , , 33589 317 19 S. S. NNP 33589 317 20 Quirin Quirin NNP 33589 317 21 in in IN 33589 317 22 Neuss Neuss NNP 33589 317 23 , , , 33589 317 24 and and CC 33589 317 25 the the DT 33589 317 26 cathedrals cathedral NNS 33589 317 27 of of IN 33589 317 28 Nuremberg Nuremberg NNP 33589 317 29 and and CC 33589 317 30 Bamberg Bamberg NNP 33589 317 31 , , , 33589 317 32 but but CC 33589 317 33 it -PRON- PRP 33589 317 34 was be VBD 33589 317 35 in in IN 33589 317 36 those those DT 33589 317 37 of of IN 33589 317 38 Speier Speier NNP 33589 317 39 , , , 33589 317 40 Mainz Mainz NNP 33589 317 41 , , , 33589 317 42 and and CC 33589 317 43 Worms worm NNS 33589 317 44 that that IN 33589 317 45 it -PRON- PRP 33589 317 46 achieved achieve VBD 33589 317 47 its -PRON- PRP$ 33589 317 48 greatest great JJS 33589 317 49 triumphs triumph NNS 33589 317 50 . . . 33589 318 1 The the DT 33589 318 2 first first JJ 33589 318 3 , , , 33589 318 4 it -PRON- PRP 33589 318 5 is be VBZ 33589 318 6 true true JJ 33589 318 7 , , , 33589 318 8 has have VBZ 33589 318 9 no no DT 33589 318 10 western western JJ 33589 318 11 apse apse NN 33589 318 12 , , , 33589 318 13 but but CC 33589 318 14 this this DT 33589 318 15 is be VBZ 33589 318 16 atoned atone VBN 33589 318 17 for for IN 33589 318 18 by by IN 33589 318 19 a a DT 33589 318 20 fine fine JJ 33589 318 21 narthex narthex NN 33589 318 22 , , , 33589 318 23 and and CC 33589 318 24 in in IN 33589 318 25 the the DT 33589 318 26 other other JJ 33589 318 27 two two CD 33589 318 28 the the DT 33589 318 29 western western JJ 33589 318 30 extension extension NN 33589 318 31 is be VBZ 33589 318 32 as as RB 33589 318 33 conspicuous conspicuous JJ 33589 318 34 as as IN 33589 318 35 the the DT 33589 318 36 eastern eastern NN 33589 318 37 . . . 33589 319 1 Dignified dignified JJ 33589 319 2 simplicity simplicity NN 33589 319 3 and and CC 33589 319 4 sense sense NN 33589 319 5 of of IN 33589 319 6 space space NN 33589 319 7 are be VBP 33589 319 8 the the DT 33589 319 9 chief chief JJ 33589 319 10 characteristics characteristic NNS 33589 319 11 of of IN 33589 319 12 all all DT 33589 319 13 three three CD 33589 319 14 buildings building NNS 33589 319 15 , , , 33589 319 16 massive massive JJ 33589 319 17 columns column NNS 33589 319 18 upholding uphold VBG 33589 319 19 the the DT 33589 319 20 arcading arcading NN 33589 319 21 flanking flank VBG 33589 319 22 the the DT 33589 319 23 naves nave NNS 33589 319 24 , , , 33589 319 25 whilst whilst IN 33589 319 26 the the DT 33589 319 27 walls wall NNS 33589 319 28 of of IN 33589 319 29 the the DT 33589 319 30 aisles aisle NNS 33589 319 31 are be VBP 33589 319 32 unbroken unbroken VBN 33589 319 33 by by IN 33589 319 34 triforia triforia NNP 33589 319 35 , , , 33589 319 36 the the DT 33589 319 37 piers pier NNS 33589 319 38 at at IN 33589 319 39 Speier Speier NNP 33589 319 40 and and CC 33589 319 41 Worms Worms NNPS 33589 319 42 being be VBG 33589 319 43 carried carry VBN 33589 319 44 right right RB 33589 319 45 up up IN 33589 319 46 to to IN 33589 319 47 the the DT 33589 319 48 clerestory clerestory JJ 33589 319 49 windows window NNS 33589 319 50 , , , 33589 319 51 whilst whilst IN 33589 319 52 at at IN 33589 319 53 Mainz Mainz NNP 33589 319 54 two two CD 33589 319 55 arches arch NNS 33589 319 56 are be VBP 33589 319 57 placed place VBN 33589 319 58 one one CD 33589 319 59 above above IN 33589 319 60 the the DT 33589 319 61 other other JJ 33589 319 62 , , , 33589 319 63 the the DT 33589 319 64 vaulting vaulting NN 33589 319 65 of of IN 33589 319 66 the the DT 33589 319 67 nave nave JJ 33589 319 68 springing springing NN 33589 319 69 from from IN 33589 319 70 the the DT 33589 319 71 upper upper JJ 33589 319 72 tier tier NN 33589 319 73 . . . 33589 320 1 CHAPTER chapter NN 33589 320 2 VII vii NN 33589 320 3 ANGLO ANGLO NNP 33589 320 4 - - HYPH 33589 320 5 SAXON saxon NN 33589 320 6 AND and CC 33589 320 7 ANGLO anglo JJ 33589 320 8 - - HYPH 33589 320 9 NORMAN NORMAN NNP 33589 320 10 ARCHITECTURE ARCHITECTURE NNP 33589 320 11 In in IN 33589 320 12 Great Great NNP 33589 320 13 Britain Britain NNP 33589 320 14 , , , 33589 320 15 even even RB 33589 320 16 more more RBR 33589 320 17 than than IN 33589 320 18 on on IN 33589 320 19 the the DT 33589 320 20 Continent Continent NNP 33589 320 21 , , , 33589 320 22 the the DT 33589 320 23 architecture architecture NN 33589 320 24 of of IN 33589 320 25 the the DT 33589 320 26 past past NN 33589 320 27 reflects reflect VBZ 33589 320 28 national national JJ 33589 320 29 character character NN 33589 320 30 , , , 33589 320 31 its -PRON- PRP$ 33589 320 32 distinctive distinctive JJ 33589 320 33 peculiarities peculiarity NNS 33589 320 34 having have VBG 33589 320 35 been be VBN 33589 320 36 the the DT 33589 320 37 outcome outcome NN 33589 320 38 of of IN 33589 320 39 local local JJ 33589 320 40 conditions condition NNS 33589 320 41 differing differ VBG 33589 320 42 widely widely RB 33589 320 43 from from IN 33589 320 44 those those DT 33589 320 45 that that WDT 33589 320 46 obtained obtain VBN 33589 320 47 elsewhere elsewhere RB 33589 320 48 , , , 33589 320 49 which which WDT 33589 320 50 largely largely RB 33589 320 51 modified modify VBD 33589 320 52 the the DT 33589 320 53 styles style NNS 33589 320 54 introduced introduce VBN 33589 320 55 from from IN 33589 320 56 without without IN 33589 320 57 . . . 33589 321 1 On on IN 33589 321 2 the the DT 33589 321 3 arrival arrival NN 33589 321 4 of of IN 33589 321 5 the the DT 33589 321 6 Romans Romans NNPS 33589 321 7 in in IN 33589 321 8 the the DT 33589 321 9 first first JJ 33589 321 10 century century NN 33589 321 11 of of IN 33589 321 12 the the DT 33589 321 13 Christian christian JJ 33589 321 14 era era NN 33589 321 15 , , , 33589 321 16 there there EX 33589 321 17 were be VBD 33589 321 18 , , , 33589 321 19 with with IN 33589 321 20 the the DT 33589 321 21 exception exception NN 33589 321 22 of of IN 33589 321 23 the the DT 33589 321 24 monoliths monolith NNS 33589 321 25 on on IN 33589 321 26 Salisbury Salisbury NNP 33589 321 27 plain plain RB 33589 321 28 known know VBN 33589 321 29 as as IN 33589 321 30 Stonehenge Stonehenge NNP 33589 321 31 and and CC 33589 321 32 other other JJ 33589 321 33 prehistoric prehistoric JJ 33589 321 34 relics relic NNS 33589 321 35 , , , 33589 321 36 the the DT 33589 321 37 origin origin NN 33589 321 38 of of IN 33589 321 39 which which WDT 33589 321 40 has have VBZ 33589 321 41 never never RB 33589 321 42 yet yet RB 33589 321 43 been be VBN 33589 321 44 discovered discover VBN 33589 321 45 , , , 33589 321 46 no no DT 33589 321 47 buildings building NNS 33589 321 48 of of IN 33589 321 49 greater great JJR 33589 321 50 pretension pretension NN 33589 321 51 than than IN 33589 321 52 mud mud NN 33589 321 53 huts hut NNS 33589 321 54 or or CC 33589 321 55 circular circular JJ 33589 321 56 stone stone NN 33589 321 57 or or CC 33589 321 58 wooden wooden JJ 33589 321 59 houses house NNS 33589 321 60 with with IN 33589 321 61 a a DT 33589 321 62 hole hole NN 33589 321 63 in in IN 33589 321 64 the the DT 33589 321 65 tapering tapering NN 33589 321 66 roof roof NN 33589 321 67 through through IN 33589 321 68 which which WDT 33589 321 69 air air NN 33589 321 70 was be VBD 33589 321 71 admitted admit VBN 33589 321 72 and and CC 33589 321 73 smoke smoke NN 33589 321 74 dispersed disperse VBD 33589 321 75 . . . 33589 322 1 The the DT 33589 322 2 houses house NNS 33589 322 3 , , , 33589 322 4 palaces palace NNS 33589 322 5 , , , 33589 322 6 and and CC 33589 322 7 churches church NNS 33589 322 8 erected erect VBN 33589 322 9 by by IN 33589 322 10 the the DT 33589 322 11 invaders invader NNS 33589 322 12 were be VBD 33589 322 13 , , , 33589 322 14 as as IN 33589 322 15 proved prove VBN 33589 322 16 by by IN 33589 322 17 the the DT 33589 322 18 remains remain NNS 33589 322 19 at at IN 33589 322 20 Silchester Silchester NNP 33589 322 21 , , , 33589 322 22 Wroxeter Wroxeter NNP 33589 322 23 , , , 33589 322 24 and and CC 33589 322 25 elsewhere elsewhere RB 33589 322 26 , , , 33589 322 27 of of IN 33589 322 28 the the DT 33589 322 29 type type NN 33589 322 30 of of IN 33589 322 31 those those DT 33589 322 32 of of IN 33589 322 33 Imperial Imperial NNP 33589 322 34 Rome Rome NNP 33589 322 35 , , , 33589 322 36 and and CC 33589 322 37 on on IN 33589 322 38 them -PRON- PRP 33589 322 39 many many JJ 33589 322 40 British british JJ 33589 322 41 masons mason NNS 33589 322 42 were be VBD 33589 322 43 employed employ VBN 33589 322 44 , , , 33589 322 45 who who WP 33589 322 46 thus thus RB 33589 322 47 acquired acquire VBD 33589 322 48 a a DT 33589 322 49 knowledge knowledge NN 33589 322 50 of of IN 33589 322 51 the the DT 33589 322 52 principles principle NNS 33589 322 53 of of IN 33589 322 54 construction construction NN 33589 322 55 that that WDT 33589 322 56 stood stand VBD 33589 322 57 their -PRON- PRP$ 33589 322 58 successors successor NNS 33589 322 59 in in IN 33589 322 60 good good JJ 33589 322 61 stead stead NN 33589 322 62 . . . 33589 323 1 Those those DT 33589 323 2 successors successor NNS 33589 323 3 , , , 33589 323 4 however however RB 33589 323 5 , , , 33589 323 6 showed show VBD 33589 323 7 no no DT 33589 323 8 desire desire NN 33589 323 9 to to TO 33589 323 10 perpetuate perpetuate VB 33589 323 11 the the DT 33589 323 12 style style NN 33589 323 13 introduced introduce VBN 33589 323 14 by by IN 33589 323 15 the the DT 33589 323 16 conquerors conqueror NNS 33589 323 17 , , , 33589 323 18 and and CC 33589 323 19 when when WRB 33589 323 20 the the DT 33589 323 21 latter latter JJ 33589 323 22 withdrew withdraw VBD 33589 323 23 in in IN 33589 323 24 the the DT 33589 323 25 5th 5th JJ 33589 323 26 century century NN 33589 323 27 the the DT 33589 323 28 buildings building NNS 33589 323 29 they -PRON- PRP 33589 323 30 left leave VBD 33589 323 31 behind behind IN 33589 323 32 them -PRON- PRP 33589 323 33 were be VBD 33589 323 34 allowed allow VBN 33589 323 35 to to TO 33589 323 36 fall fall VB 33589 323 37 into into IN 33589 323 38 rapid rapid JJ 33589 323 39 decay decay NN 33589 323 40 . . . 33589 324 1 [ [ -LRB- 33589 324 2 Illustration illustration NN 33589 324 3 : : : 33589 324 4 Example example NN 33589 324 5 of of IN 33589 324 6 Saxon Saxon NNP 33589 324 7 Arcading Arcading NNP 33589 324 8 ] ] -RRB- 33589 324 9 [ [ -LRB- 33589 324 10 Illustration illustration NN 33589 324 11 : : : 33589 324 12 Example example NN 33589 324 13 of of IN 33589 324 14 Saxon Saxon NNP 33589 324 15 Arcading Arcading NNP 33589 324 16 ] ] -RRB- 33589 324 17 Very very RB 33589 324 18 quickly quickly RB 33589 324 19 too too RB 33589 324 20 did do VBD 33589 324 21 most most JJS 33589 324 22 of of IN 33589 324 23 the the DT 33589 324 24 converts convert NNS 33589 324 25 to to IN 33589 324 26 Christianity Christianity NNP 33589 324 27 relapse relapse VB 33589 324 28 into into IN 33589 324 29 heathenism heathenism NN 33589 324 30 , , , 33589 324 31 and and CC 33589 324 32 although although IN 33589 324 33 the the DT 33589 324 34 lamp lamp NN 33589 324 35 of of IN 33589 324 36 faith faith NN 33589 324 37 was be VBD 33589 324 38 long long RB 33589 324 39 kept keep VBN 33589 324 40 burning burn VBG 33589 324 41 in in IN 33589 324 42 Ireland Ireland NNP 33589 324 43 and and CC 33589 324 44 in in IN 33589 324 45 Scotland Scotland NNP 33589 324 46 , , , 33589 324 47 no no DT 33589 324 48 trace trace NN 33589 324 49 exists exist VBZ 33589 324 50 of of IN 33589 324 51 the the DT 33589 324 52 churches church NNS 33589 324 53 in in IN 33589 324 54 which which WDT 33589 324 55 the the DT 33589 324 56 little little JJ 33589 324 57 remnant remnant NN 33589 324 58 of of IN 33589 324 59 the the DT 33589 324 60 followers follower NNS 33589 324 61 of of IN 33589 324 62 the the DT 33589 324 63 Redeemer Redeemer NNP 33589 324 64 met meet VBD 33589 324 65 for for IN 33589 324 66 worship worship NN 33589 324 67 . . . 33589 325 1 Of of IN 33589 325 2 those those DT 33589 325 3 built build VBN 33589 325 4 later later RB 33589 325 5 under under IN 33589 325 6 the the DT 33589 325 7 auspices auspex NNS 33589 325 8 of of IN 33589 325 9 Saints Saints NNP 33589 325 10 Augustine Augustine NNP 33589 325 11 , , , 33589 325 12 Paulinus Paulinus NNP 33589 325 13 , , , 33589 325 14 and and CC 33589 325 15 other other JJ 33589 325 16 early early JJ 33589 325 17 bishops bishop NNS 33589 325 18 , , , 33589 325 19 not not RB 33589 325 20 one one CD 33589 325 21 escaped escape VBN 33589 325 22 destruction destruction NN 33589 325 23 , , , 33589 325 24 but but CC 33589 325 25 there there EX 33589 325 26 is be VBZ 33589 325 27 strong strong JJ 33589 325 28 evidence evidence NN 33589 325 29 to to TO 33589 325 30 prove prove VB 33589 325 31 that that IN 33589 325 32 they -PRON- PRP 33589 325 33 were be VBD 33589 325 34 of of IN 33589 325 35 the the DT 33589 325 36 basilican basilican NNP 33589 325 37 apsidal apsidal NNP 33589 325 38 plan plan NN 33589 325 39 , , , 33589 325 40 that that WDT 33589 325 41 never never RB 33589 325 42 took take VBD 33589 325 43 very very RB 33589 325 44 deep deep JJ 33589 325 45 root root NN 33589 325 46 in in IN 33589 325 47 England England NNP 33589 325 48 , , , 33589 325 49 but but CC 33589 325 50 was be VBD 33589 325 51 in in IN 33589 325 52 many many JJ 33589 325 53 cases case NNS 33589 325 54 ousted oust VBN 33589 325 55 by by IN 33589 325 56 the the DT 33589 325 57 sanctuary sanctuary NN 33589 325 58 with with IN 33589 325 59 a a DT 33589 325 60 square square RB 33589 325 61 - - HYPH 33589 325 62 shaped shape VBN 33589 325 63 eastern eastern JJ 33589 325 64 extension extension NN 33589 325 65 . . . 33589 326 1 It -PRON- PRP 33589 326 2 is be VBZ 33589 326 3 usual usual JJ 33589 326 4 to to TO 33589 326 5 give give VB 33589 326 6 the the DT 33589 326 7 term term NN 33589 326 8 Anglo Anglo NNP 33589 326 9 - - HYPH 33589 326 10 Saxon saxon NN 33589 326 11 to to IN 33589 326 12 all all DT 33589 326 13 relics relic NNS 33589 326 14 of of IN 33589 326 15 buildings building NNS 33589 326 16 in in IN 33589 326 17 Great Great NNP 33589 326 18 Britain Britain NNP 33589 326 19 , , , 33589 326 20 that that WDT 33589 326 21 can can MD 33589 326 22 be be VB 33589 326 23 proved prove VBN 33589 326 24 to to IN 33589 326 25 date date NN 33589 326 26 from from IN 33589 326 27 between between IN 33589 326 28 the the DT 33589 326 29 early early JJ 33589 326 30 7th 7th JJ 33589 326 31 century century NN 33589 326 32 and and CC 33589 326 33 1066 1066 CD 33589 326 34 , , , 33589 326 35 but but CC 33589 326 36 Pre Pre NNP 33589 326 37 - - NNP 33589 326 38 Conquest Conquest NNP 33589 326 39 would would MD 33589 326 40 be be VB 33589 326 41 more more RBR 33589 326 42 strictly strictly RB 33589 326 43 accurate accurate JJ 33589 326 44 , , , 33589 326 45 Anglo Anglo NNP 33589 326 46 - - HYPH 33589 326 47 Saxon Saxon NNP 33589 326 48 architects architect NNS 33589 326 49 having have VBG 33589 326 50 contributed contribute VBN 33589 326 51 but but CC 33589 326 52 little little JJ 33589 326 53 to to IN 33589 326 54 the the DT 33589 326 55 evolution evolution NN 33589 326 56 of of IN 33589 326 57 style style NN 33589 326 58 , , , 33589 326 59 for for IN 33589 326 60 they -PRON- PRP 33589 326 61 were be VBD 33589 326 62 wanting want VBG 33589 326 63 in in IN 33589 326 64 initiative initiative NN 33589 326 65 , , , 33589 326 66 rarely rarely RB 33589 326 67 trying try VBG 33589 326 68 experiments experiment NNS 33589 326 69 with with IN 33589 326 70 new new JJ 33589 326 71 features feature NNS 33589 326 72 as as IN 33589 326 73 was be VBD 33589 326 74 the the DT 33589 326 75 constant constant JJ 33589 326 76 custom custom NN 33589 326 77 of of IN 33589 326 78 their -PRON- PRP$ 33589 326 79 Norman Norman NNP 33589 326 80 successors successor NNS 33589 326 81 . . . 33589 327 1 To to IN 33589 327 2 this this DT 33589 327 3 , , , 33589 327 4 however however RB 33589 327 5 , , , 33589 327 6 there there EX 33589 327 7 was be VBD 33589 327 8 one one CD 33589 327 9 brilliant brilliant JJ 33589 327 10 exception exception NN 33589 327 11 in in IN 33589 327 12 Bishop Bishop NNP 33589 327 13 Wilfrid Wilfrid NNP 33589 327 14 of of IN 33589 327 15 York York NNP 33589 327 16 , , , 33589 327 17 who who WP 33589 327 18 greatly greatly RB 33589 327 19 improved improve VBD 33589 327 20 the the DT 33589 327 21 primitive primitive JJ 33589 327 22 church church NN 33589 327 23 , , , 33589 327 24 built build VBN 33589 327 25 by by IN 33589 327 26 King King NNP 33589 327 27 Edwin Edwin NNP 33589 327 28 in in IN 33589 327 29 the the DT 33589 327 30 capital capital NN 33589 327 31 of of IN 33589 327 32 his -PRON- PRP$ 33589 327 33 see see NN 33589 327 34 , , , 33589 327 35 that that WDT 33589 327 36 was be VBD 33589 327 37 later later RB 33589 327 38 destroyed destroy VBN 33589 327 39 by by IN 33589 327 40 fire fire NN 33589 327 41 , , , 33589 327 42 and and CC 33589 327 43 erected erect VBN 33589 327 44 noble noble JJ 33589 327 45 minsters minster NNS 33589 327 46 at at IN 33589 327 47 Hexham Hexham NNP 33589 327 48 and and CC 33589 327 49 Ripon Ripon NNP 33589 327 50 , , , 33589 327 51 of of IN 33589 327 52 which which WDT 33589 327 53 the the DT 33589 327 54 fine fine JJ 33589 327 55 crypts crypts NN 33589 327 56 with with IN 33589 327 57 massive massive JJ 33589 327 58 pillars pillar NNS 33589 327 59 still still RB 33589 327 60 remain remain VBP 33589 327 61 beneath beneath IN 33589 327 62 the the DT 33589 327 63 considerably considerably RB 33589 327 64 later later JJ 33589 327 65 buildings building NNS 33589 327 66 . . . 33589 328 1 In in IN 33589 328 2 the the DT 33589 328 3 south south NN 33589 328 4 of of IN 33589 328 5 England England NNP 33589 328 6 , , , 33589 328 7 too too RB 33589 328 8 , , , 33589 328 9 there there EX 33589 328 10 was be VBD 33589 328 11 considerable considerable JJ 33589 328 12 architectural architectural JJ 33589 328 13 activity activity NN 33589 328 14 in in IN 33589 328 15 the the DT 33589 328 16 7th 7th JJ 33589 328 17 and and CC 33589 328 18 8th 8th JJ 33589 328 19 centuries century NNS 33589 328 20 , , , 33589 328 21 whilst whilst IN 33589 328 22 in in IN 33589 328 23 the the DT 33589 328 24 9th 9th NN 33589 328 25 the the DT 33589 328 26 return return NN 33589 328 27 of of IN 33589 328 28 King King NNP 33589 328 29 Egbert Egbert NNP 33589 328 30 from from IN 33589 328 31 his -PRON- PRP$ 33589 328 32 long long JJ 33589 328 33 exile exile NN 33589 328 34 at at IN 33589 328 35 the the DT 33589 328 36 Court Court NNP 33589 328 37 of of IN 33589 328 38 Charlemagne Charlemagne NNP 33589 328 39 appears appear VBZ 33589 328 40 to to TO 33589 328 41 have have VB 33589 328 42 led lead VBN 33589 328 43 to to IN 33589 328 44 the the DT 33589 328 45 introduction introduction NN 33589 328 46 in in IN 33589 328 47 Wessex Wessex NNP 33589 328 48 of of IN 33589 328 49 the the DT 33589 328 50 Oriental oriental JJ 33589 328 51 branch branch NN 33589 328 52 of of IN 33589 328 53 the the DT 33589 328 54 Romanesque romanesque JJ 33589 328 55 style style NN 33589 328 56 to to TO 33589 328 57 which which WDT 33589 328 58 the the DT 33589 328 59 cathedral cathedral NN 33589 328 60 of of IN 33589 328 61 Aix Aix NNP 33589 328 62 - - HYPH 33589 328 63 la la NNP 33589 328 64 - - HYPH 33589 328 65 Chapelle Chapelle NNP 33589 328 66 belongs belong VBZ 33589 328 67 . . . 33589 329 1 [ [ -LRB- 33589 329 2 Illustration illustration NN 33589 329 3 : : : 33589 329 4 Tower Tower NNP 33589 329 5 of of IN 33589 329 6 Sompting Sompting NNP 33589 329 7 Church Church NNP 33589 329 8 , , , 33589 329 9 Sussex Sussex NNP 33589 329 10 ] ] -RRB- 33589 329 11 The the DT 33589 329 12 chief chief JJ 33589 329 13 characteristics characteristic NNS 33589 329 14 of of IN 33589 329 15 the the DT 33589 329 16 so so RB 33589 329 17 - - HYPH 33589 329 18 called call VBN 33589 329 19 Anglo Anglo NNP 33589 329 20 - - HYPH 33589 329 21 Saxon Saxon NNP 33589 329 22 style style NN 33589 329 23 are be VBP 33589 329 24 the the DT 33589 329 25 great great JJ 33589 329 26 height height NN 33589 329 27 in in IN 33589 329 28 comparison comparison NN 33589 329 29 with with IN 33589 329 30 the the DT 33589 329 31 length length NN 33589 329 32 and and CC 33589 329 33 breadth breadth NN 33589 329 34 of of IN 33589 329 35 a a DT 33589 329 36 building building NN 33589 329 37 , , , 33589 329 38 a a DT 33589 329 39 rectangular rectangular JJ 33589 329 40 plan plan NN 33589 329 41 , , , 33589 329 42 massive massive JJ 33589 329 43 square square JJ 33589 329 44 towers tower NNS 33589 329 45 , , , 33589 329 46 unadorned unadorned JJ 33589 329 47 angular angular JJ 33589 329 48 or or CC 33589 329 49 semicircular semicircular JJ 33589 329 50 arches arch NNS 33589 329 51 , , , 33589 329 52 stunted stunt VBD 33589 329 53 clumsy clumsy JJ 33589 329 54 - - HYPH 33589 329 55 looking look VBG 33589 329 56 columns column NNS 33589 329 57 with with IN 33589 329 58 roughly roughly RB 33589 329 59 carved carve VBN 33589 329 60 or or CC 33589 329 61 plain plain JJ 33589 329 62 capitals capital NNS 33589 329 63 , , , 33589 329 64 long long JJ 33589 329 65 narrow narrow JJ 33589 329 66 round round NN 33589 329 67 - - HYPH 33589 329 68 headed head VBN 33589 329 69 deeply deeply RB 33589 329 70 recessed recess VBN 33589 329 71 windows window NNS 33589 329 72 , , , 33589 329 73 massive massive JJ 33589 329 74 walls wall NNS 33589 329 75 without without IN 33589 329 76 internal internal JJ 33589 329 77 decoration decoration NN 33589 329 78 , , , 33589 329 79 with with IN 33589 329 80 on on IN 33589 329 81 the the DT 33589 329 82 exterior exterior NN 33589 329 83 a a DT 33589 329 84 somewhat somewhat RB 33589 329 85 ornate ornate JJ 33589 329 86 surface surface NN 33589 329 87 ornamentation ornamentation NN 33589 329 88 , , , 33589 329 89 combined combine VBN 33589 329 90 with with IN 33589 329 91 a a DT 33589 329 92 series series NN 33589 329 93 of of IN 33589 329 94 peculiar peculiar JJ 33589 329 95 clamps clamp NNS 33589 329 96 known know VBN 33589 329 97 as as IN 33589 329 98 quoins quoin NNS 33589 329 99 at at IN 33589 329 100 the the DT 33589 329 101 angles angle NNS 33589 329 102 of of IN 33589 329 103 the the DT 33589 329 104 walls wall NNS 33589 329 105 , , , 33589 329 106 greatly greatly RB 33589 329 107 strengthening strengthen VBG 33589 329 108 the the DT 33589 329 109 structure structure NN 33589 329 110 . . . 33589 330 1 There there EX 33589 330 2 were be VBD 33589 330 3 no no DT 33589 330 4 aisles aisle NNS 33589 330 5 or or CC 33589 330 6 transepts transept NNS 33589 330 7 in in IN 33589 330 8 early early JJ 33589 330 9 Anglo Anglo NNP 33589 330 10 - - HYPH 33589 330 11 Saxon saxon NN 33589 330 12 buildings building NNS 33589 330 13 , , , 33589 330 14 but but CC 33589 330 15 the the DT 33589 330 16 chancel chancel NN 33589 330 17 was be VBD 33589 330 18 divided divide VBN 33589 330 19 from from IN 33589 330 20 the the DT 33589 330 21 nave nave NN 33589 330 22 by by IN 33589 330 23 an an DT 33589 330 24 arch arch NN 33589 330 25 sometimes sometimes RB 33589 330 26 with with IN 33589 330 27 and and CC 33589 330 28 sometimes sometimes RB 33589 330 29 without without IN 33589 330 30 carving carve VBG 33589 330 31 . . . 33589 331 1 It -PRON- PRP 33589 331 2 is be VBZ 33589 331 3 supposed suppose VBN 33589 331 4 that that IN 33589 331 5 most most JJS 33589 331 6 of of IN 33589 331 7 the the DT 33589 331 8 early early JJ 33589 331 9 Anglo Anglo NNP 33589 331 10 - - HYPH 33589 331 11 Saxon saxon NN 33589 331 12 churches church NNS 33589 331 13 were be VBD 33589 331 14 built build VBN 33589 331 15 of of IN 33589 331 16 wood wood NN 33589 331 17 , , , 33589 331 18 and and CC 33589 331 19 at at IN 33589 331 20 Greenstead Greenstead NNP 33589 331 21 in in IN 33589 331 22 Essex Essex NNP 33589 331 23 an an DT 33589 331 24 example example NN 33589 331 25 remains remain VBZ 33589 331 26 of of IN 33589 331 27 the the DT 33589 331 28 mode mode NN 33589 331 29 in in IN 33589 331 30 which which WDT 33589 331 31 such such JJ 33589 331 32 buildings building NNS 33589 331 33 were be VBD 33589 331 34 constructed construct VBN 33589 331 35 , , , 33589 331 36 though though IN 33589 331 37 the the DT 33589 331 38 probability probability NN 33589 331 39 is be VBZ 33589 331 40 that that IN 33589 331 41 none none NN 33589 331 42 of of IN 33589 331 43 the the DT 33589 331 44 original original JJ 33589 331 45 material material NN 33589 331 46 remains remain VBZ 33589 331 47 . . . 33589 332 1 Of of IN 33589 332 2 the the DT 33589 332 3 stone stone NN 33589 332 4 buildings building NNS 33589 332 5 that that WDT 33589 332 6 succeeded succeed VBD 33589 332 7 those those DT 33589 332 8 in in IN 33589 332 9 the the DT 33589 332 10 more more RBR 33589 332 11 perishable perishable JJ 33589 332 12 material material NN 33589 332 13 a a DT 33589 332 14 few few JJ 33589 332 15 only only RB 33589 332 16 are be VBP 33589 332 17 still still RB 33589 332 18 in in IN 33589 332 19 existence existence NN 33589 332 20 , , , 33589 332 21 including include VBG 33589 332 22 the the DT 33589 332 23 Abbey Abbey NNP 33589 332 24 Church Church NNP 33589 332 25 of of IN 33589 332 26 Deerhurst Deerhurst NNP 33589 332 27 near near IN 33589 332 28 Towkesbury Towkesbury NNP 33589 332 29 , , , 33589 332 30 the the DT 33589 332 31 oldest oldest RBS 33589 332 32 consecrated consecrate VBN 33589 332 33 building building NN 33589 332 34 still still RB 33589 332 35 in in IN 33589 332 36 use use NN 33589 332 37 in in IN 33589 332 38 England England NNP 33589 332 39 , , , 33589 332 40 the the DT 33589 332 41 Tower Tower NNP 33589 332 42 of of IN 33589 332 43 Earl Earl NNP 33589 332 44 's 's POS 33589 332 45 Barton Barton NNP 33589 332 46 Church Church NNP 33589 332 47 in in IN 33589 332 48 Northamptonshire Northamptonshire NNP 33589 332 49 , , , 33589 332 50 parts part NNS 33589 332 51 of of IN 33589 332 52 Barfreston Barfreston NNP 33589 332 53 Church Church NNP 33589 332 54 , , , 33589 332 55 Kent Kent NNP 33589 332 56 , , , 33589 332 57 that that DT 33589 332 58 has have VBZ 33589 332 59 a a DT 33589 332 60 fine fine JJ 33589 332 61 Norman Norman NNP 33589 332 62 doorway doorway NN 33589 332 63 : : : 33589 332 64 Sompting Sompting NNP 33589 332 65 Church Church NNP 33589 332 66 , , , 33589 332 67 with with IN 33589 332 68 the the DT 33589 332 69 unusual unusual JJ 33589 332 70 feature feature NN 33589 332 71 of of IN 33589 332 72 a a DT 33589 332 73 gabled gabled JJ 33589 332 74 tower tower NN 33589 332 75 with with IN 33589 332 76 a a DT 33589 332 77 spire spire NN 33589 332 78 , , , 33589 332 79 and and CC 33589 332 80 that that DT 33589 332 81 of of IN 33589 332 82 Worth Worth NNP 33589 332 83 , , , 33589 332 84 both both DT 33589 332 85 in in IN 33589 332 86 Sussex Sussex NNP 33589 332 87 , , , 33589 332 88 the the DT 33589 332 89 latter latter JJ 33589 332 90 with with IN 33589 332 91 rudimentary rudimentary JJ 33589 332 92 transepts transept NNS 33589 332 93 and and CC 33589 332 94 a a DT 33589 332 95 semicircular semicircular JJ 33589 332 96 apse apse NN 33589 332 97 , , , 33589 332 98 with with IN 33589 332 99 which which WDT 33589 332 100 may may MD 33589 332 101 be be VB 33589 332 102 mentioned mention VBN 33589 332 103 S. S. NNP 33589 332 104 Lawrence Lawrence NNP 33589 332 105 at at IN 33589 332 106 Bradford Bradford NNP 33589 332 107 - - HYPH 33589 332 108 on on IN 33589 332 109 - - HYPH 33589 332 110 Avon Avon NNP 33589 332 111 , , , 33589 332 112 Wilts Wilts NNP 33589 332 113 , , , 33589 332 114 of of IN 33589 332 115 somewhat somewhat RB 33589 332 116 uncertain uncertain JJ 33589 332 117 but but CC 33589 332 118 probably probably RB 33589 332 119 later later RB 33589 332 120 date date NN 33589 332 121 than than IN 33589 332 122 any any DT 33589 332 123 of of IN 33589 332 124 these these DT 33589 332 125 , , , 33589 332 126 for for IN 33589 332 127 it -PRON- PRP 33589 332 128 has have VBZ 33589 332 129 a a DT 33589 332 130 square square JJ 33589 332 131 Eastern eastern JJ 33589 332 132 end end NN 33589 332 133 and and CC 33589 332 134 decorative decorative JJ 33589 332 135 arcading arcading NN 33589 332 136 on on IN 33589 332 137 the the DT 33589 332 138 upper upper JJ 33589 332 139 portion portion NN 33589 332 140 of of IN 33589 332 141 the the DT 33589 332 142 walls wall NNS 33589 332 143 , , , 33589 332 144 prophetic prophetic JJ 33589 332 145 of of IN 33589 332 146 coming come VBG 33589 332 147 changes change NNS 33589 332 148 . . . 33589 333 1 Certain certain JJ 33589 333 2 portions portion NNS 33589 333 3 of of IN 33589 333 4 St. St. NNP 33589 333 5 Martin Martin NNP 33589 333 6 's 's POS 33589 333 7 Church Church NNP 33589 333 8 , , , 33589 333 9 Canterbury Canterbury NNP 33589 333 10 , , , 33589 333 11 notably notably RB 33589 333 12 a a DT 33589 333 13 doorway doorway NN 33589 333 14 in in IN 33589 333 15 the the DT 33589 333 16 chancel chancel NN 33589 333 17 and and CC 33589 333 18 parts part NNS 33589 333 19 of of IN 33589 333 20 the the DT 33589 333 21 foundations foundation NNS 33589 333 22 , , , 33589 333 23 are be VBP 33589 333 24 supposed suppose VBN 33589 333 25 to to TO 33589 333 26 have have VB 33589 333 27 belonged belong VBN 33589 333 28 to to IN 33589 333 29 a a DT 33589 333 30 Saxon Saxon NNP 33589 333 31 church church NN 33589 333 32 of of IN 33589 333 33 earlier early JJR 33589 333 34 date date NN 33589 333 35 than than IN 33589 333 36 the the DT 33589 333 37 crypts crypt NNS 33589 333 38 of of IN 33589 333 39 Hexham Hexham NNP 33589 333 40 and and CC 33589 333 41 Ripon Ripon NNP 33589 333 42 already already RB 33589 333 43 referred refer VBD 33589 333 44 to to IN 33589 333 45 , , , 33589 333 46 and and CC 33589 333 47 which which WDT 33589 333 48 was be VBD 33589 333 49 preceded precede VBN 33589 333 50 by by IN 33589 333 51 an an DT 33589 333 52 even even RB 33589 333 53 more more RBR 33589 333 54 ancient ancient JJ 33589 333 55 building building NN 33589 333 56 , , , 33589 333 57 one one CD 33589 333 58 of of IN 33589 333 59 the the DT 33589 333 60 very very RB 33589 333 61 first first JJ 33589 333 62 places place NNS 33589 333 63 of of IN 33589 333 64 Christian christian JJ 33589 333 65 worship worship NN 33589 333 66 erected erect VBN 33589 333 67 in in IN 33589 333 68 England England NNP 33589 333 69 . . . 33589 334 1 The the DT 33589 334 2 so so RB 33589 334 3 - - HYPH 33589 334 4 called call VBN 33589 334 5 Pyx Pyx NNP 33589 334 6 House House NNP 33589 334 7 in in IN 33589 334 8 Westminster Westminster NNP 33589 334 9 Abbey Abbey NNP 33589 334 10 , , , 33589 334 11 a a DT 33589 334 12 low low JJ 33589 334 13 narrow narrow JJ 33589 334 14 solemn solemn NN 33589 334 15 - - HYPH 33589 334 16 looking look VBG 33589 334 17 vaulted vaulted JJ 33589 334 18 room room NN 33589 334 19 with with IN 33589 334 20 a a DT 33589 334 21 row row NN 33589 334 22 of of IN 33589 334 23 massive massive JJ 33589 334 24 pillars pillar NNS 33589 334 25 in in IN 33589 334 26 the the DT 33589 334 27 centre centre NN 33589 334 28 , , , 33589 334 29 and and CC 33589 334 30 a a DT 33589 334 31 single single JJ 33589 334 32 archway archway NN 33589 334 33 in in IN 33589 334 34 the the DT 33589 334 35 south south NNP 33589 334 36 transept transept NN 33589 334 37 , , , 33589 334 38 are be VBP 33589 334 39 all all DT 33589 334 40 that that WDT 33589 334 41 are be VBP 33589 334 42 left leave VBN 33589 334 43 of of IN 33589 334 44 the the DT 33589 334 45 noble noble JJ 33589 334 46 sanctuary sanctuary NN 33589 334 47 built build VBN 33589 334 48 under under IN 33589 334 49 the the DT 33589 334 50 direction direction NN 33589 334 51 of of IN 33589 334 52 the the DT 33589 334 53 last last JJ 33589 334 54 of of IN 33589 334 55 the the DT 33589 334 56 Saxon Saxon NNP 33589 334 57 kings king NNS 33589 334 58 , , , 33589 334 59 but but CC 33589 334 60 these these DT 33589 334 61 relics relic NNS 33589 334 62 , , , 33589 334 63 with with IN 33589 334 64 a a DT 33589 334 65 few few JJ 33589 334 66 conventual conventual JJ 33589 334 67 buildings building NNS 33589 334 68 , , , 33589 334 69 suffice suffice VBP 33589 334 70 to to TO 33589 334 71 connect connect VB 33589 334 72 with with IN 33589 334 73 Anglo Anglo NNP 33589 334 74 - - HYPH 33589 334 75 Saxon Saxon NNP 33589 334 76 times time NNS 33589 334 77 a a DT 33589 334 78 church church NN 33589 334 79 that that WDT 33589 334 80 is be VBZ 33589 334 81 perhaps perhaps RB 33589 334 82 more more RBR 33589 334 83 intimately intimately RB 33589 334 84 associated associated JJ 33589 334 85 than than IN 33589 334 86 any any DT 33589 334 87 other other JJ 33589 334 88 with with IN 33589 334 89 the the DT 33589 334 90 history history NN 33589 334 91 of of IN 33589 334 92 England England NNP 33589 334 93 from from IN 33589 334 94 the the DT 33589 334 95 close close NN 33589 334 96 of of IN 33589 334 97 the the DT 33589 334 98 11th 11th NN 33589 334 99 to to IN 33589 334 100 the the DT 33589 334 101 middle middle NN 33589 334 102 of of IN 33589 334 103 the the DT 33589 334 104 16th 16th JJ 33589 334 105 century century NN 33589 334 106 , , , 33589 334 107 it -PRON- PRP 33589 334 108 having have VBG 33589 334 109 been be VBN 33589 334 110 added add VBN 33589 334 111 to to IN 33589 334 112 under under IN 33589 334 113 every every DT 33589 334 114 successive successive JJ 33589 334 115 occupant occupant NN 33589 334 116 of of IN 33589 334 117 the the DT 33589 334 118 throne throne NN 33589 334 119 . . . 33589 335 1 The the DT 33589 335 2 Anglo anglo JJ 33589 335 3 - - HYPH 33589 335 4 Norman norman JJ 33589 335 5 style style NN 33589 335 6 , , , 33589 335 7 that that WDT 33589 335 8 succeeded succeed VBD 33589 335 9 the the DT 33589 335 10 Saxon Saxon NNP 33589 335 11 , , , 33589 335 12 prevailed prevail VBD 33589 335 13 in in IN 33589 335 14 Great Great NNP 33589 335 15 Britain Britain NNP 33589 335 16 from from IN 33589 335 17 the the DT 33589 335 18 conquest conquest NN 33589 335 19 to to IN 33589 335 20 the the DT 33589 335 21 last last JJ 33589 335 22 decade decade NN 33589 335 23 of of IN 33589 335 24 the the DT 33589 335 25 12th 12th JJ 33589 335 26 century century NN 33589 335 27 , , , 33589 335 28 becoming become VBG 33589 335 29 at at IN 33589 335 30 that that DT 33589 335 31 time time NN 33589 335 32 either either CC 33589 335 33 merged merge VBD 33589 335 34 in in IN 33589 335 35 or or CC 33589 335 36 superseded supersede VBN 33589 335 37 by by IN 33589 335 38 the the DT 33589 335 39 earliest early JJS 33589 335 40 phase phase NN 33589 335 41 of of IN 33589 335 42 the the DT 33589 335 43 Gothic Gothic NNP 33589 335 44 . . . 33589 336 1 Always always RB 33589 336 2 most most RBS 33589 336 3 enthusiastic enthusiastic JJ 33589 336 4 builders builder NNS 33589 336 5 , , , 33589 336 6 the the DT 33589 336 7 Normans Normans NNPS 33589 336 8 found find VBD 33589 336 9 in in IN 33589 336 10 the the DT 33589 336 11 land land NN 33589 336 12 of of IN 33589 336 13 their -PRON- PRP$ 33589 336 14 adoption adoption NN 33589 336 15 fuller fuller NN 33589 336 16 scope scope NN 33589 336 17 for for IN 33589 336 18 their -PRON- PRP$ 33589 336 19 energies energy NNS 33589 336 20 than than IN 33589 336 21 in in IN 33589 336 22 their -PRON- PRP$ 33589 336 23 own own JJ 33589 336 24 , , , 33589 336 25 and and CC 33589 336 26 before before IN 33589 336 27 they -PRON- PRP 33589 336 28 became become VBD 33589 336 29 absorbed absorb VBN 33589 336 30 in in IN 33589 336 31 the the DT 33589 336 32 race race NN 33589 336 33 they -PRON- PRP 33589 336 34 had have VBD 33589 336 35 conquered conquer VBN 33589 336 36 , , , 33589 336 37 they -PRON- PRP 33589 336 38 left leave VBD 33589 336 39 their -PRON- PRP$ 33589 336 40 impress impress NN 33589 336 41 throughout throughout IN 33589 336 42 the the DT 33589 336 43 length length NN 33589 336 44 and and CC 33589 336 45 breadth breadth NN 33589 336 46 of of IN 33589 336 47 their -PRON- PRP$ 33589 336 48 new new JJ 33589 336 49 domain domain NN 33589 336 50 , , , 33589 336 51 monasteries monastery NNS 33589 336 52 , , , 33589 336 53 cathedrals cathedral NNS 33589 336 54 , , , 33589 336 55 and and CC 33589 336 56 parish parish NN 33589 336 57 churches church NNS 33589 336 58 , , , 33589 336 59 castles castle NNS 33589 336 60 , , , 33589 336 61 and and CC 33589 336 62 dwelling dwell VBG 33589 336 63 houses house NNS 33589 336 64 rising rise VBG 33589 336 65 up up RP 33589 336 66 in in IN 33589 336 67 every every DT 33589 336 68 direction direction NN 33589 336 69 , , , 33589 336 70 all all DT 33589 336 71 stamped stamp VBD 33589 336 72 with with IN 33589 336 73 a a DT 33589 336 74 most most RBS 33589 336 75 distinctive distinctive JJ 33589 336 76 character character NN 33589 336 77 , , , 33589 336 78 the the DT 33589 336 79 result result NN 33589 336 80 of of IN 33589 336 81 the the DT 33589 336 82 welding welding NN 33589 336 83 into into IN 33589 336 84 one one CD 33589 336 85 of of IN 33589 336 86 Anglo Anglo NNP 33589 336 87 - - HYPH 33589 336 88 Saxon Saxon NNP 33589 336 89 and and CC 33589 336 90 Norman Norman NNP 33589 336 91 traditions tradition NNS 33589 336 92 , , , 33589 336 93 and and CC 33589 336 94 the the DT 33589 336 95 modification modification NN 33589 336 96 of of IN 33589 336 97 a a DT 33589 336 98 foreign foreign JJ 33589 336 99 style style NN 33589 336 100 by by IN 33589 336 101 local local JJ 33589 336 102 conditions condition NNS 33589 336 103 of of IN 33589 336 104 material material NN 33589 336 105 and and CC 33589 336 106 environment environment NN 33589 336 107 . . . 33589 337 1 In in IN 33589 337 2 many many JJ 33589 337 3 cases case NNS 33589 337 4 somewhat somewhat RB 33589 337 5 crude crude JJ 33589 337 6 and and CC 33589 337 7 heavy heavy JJ 33589 337 8 , , , 33589 337 9 Norman Norman NNP 33589 337 10 work work NN 33589 337 11 has have VBZ 33589 337 12 yet yet RB 33589 337 13 always always RB 33589 337 14 an an DT 33589 337 15 imposing impose VBG 33589 337 16 dignity dignity NN 33589 337 17 , , , 33589 337 18 and and CC 33589 337 19 is be VBZ 33589 337 20 , , , 33589 337 21 as as IN 33589 337 22 a a DT 33589 337 23 general general JJ 33589 337 24 rule rule NN 33589 337 25 , , , 33589 337 26 admirably admirably RB 33589 337 27 suited suit VBN 33589 337 28 to to IN 33589 337 29 the the DT 33589 337 30 site site NN 33589 337 31 it -PRON- PRP 33589 337 32 occupies occupy VBZ 33589 337 33 and and CC 33589 337 34 the the DT 33589 337 35 purpose purpose NN 33589 337 36 for for IN 33589 337 37 which which WDT 33589 337 38 it -PRON- PRP 33589 337 39 is be VBZ 33589 337 40 intended intend VBN 33589 337 41 . . . 33589 338 1 [ [ -LRB- 33589 338 2 Illustration illustration NN 33589 338 3 : : : 33589 338 4 Plan plan NN 33589 338 5 of of IN 33589 338 6 Norman Norman NNP 33589 338 7 Church Church NNP 33589 338 8 ] ] -RRB- 33589 338 9 [ [ -LRB- 33589 338 10 Illustration illustration NN 33589 338 11 : : : 33589 338 12 Norman Norman NNP 33589 338 13 Capital Capital NNP 33589 338 14 . . . 33589 339 1 White White NNP 33589 339 2 Tower Tower NNP 33589 339 3 , , , 33589 339 4 London London NNP 33589 339 5 ] ] -RRB- 33589 339 6 [ [ -LRB- 33589 339 7 Illustration illustration NN 33589 339 8 : : : 33589 339 9 Base Base NNP 33589 339 10 and and CC 33589 339 11 Capital Capital NNP 33589 339 12 of of IN 33589 339 13 Norman Norman NNP 33589 339 14 Pillar Pillar NNP 33589 339 15 ] ] -RRB- 33589 339 16 [ [ -LRB- 33589 339 17 Illustration illustration NN 33589 339 18 : : : 33589 339 19 Norman Norman NNP 33589 339 20 Capital Capital NNP 33589 339 21 ] ] -RRB- 33589 339 22 [ [ -LRB- 33589 339 23 Illustration illustration NN 33589 339 24 : : : 33589 339 25 Norman Norman NNP 33589 339 26 Arcading Arcading NNP 33589 339 27 ] ] -RRB- 33589 339 28 [ [ -LRB- 33589 339 29 Illustration illustration NN 33589 339 30 : : : 33589 339 31 Norman Norman NNP 33589 339 32 Window Window NNP 33589 339 33 ] ] -RRB- 33589 339 34 [ [ -LRB- 33589 339 35 Illustration illustration NN 33589 339 36 : : : 33589 339 37 Norman Norman NNP 33589 339 38 Arcading Arcading NNP 33589 339 39 ] ] -RRB- 33589 339 40 [ [ -LRB- 33589 339 41 Illustration illustration NN 33589 339 42 : : : 33589 339 43 Norman Norman NNP 33589 339 44 Window Window NNP 33589 339 45 ] ] -RRB- 33589 339 46 [ [ -LRB- 33589 339 47 Illustration illustration NN 33589 339 48 : : : 33589 339 49 Norman Norman NNP 33589 339 50 Window Window NNP 33589 339 51 ] ] -RRB- 33589 339 52 The the DT 33589 339 53 chief chief JJ 33589 339 54 characteristics characteristic NNS 33589 339 55 of of IN 33589 339 56 Anglo anglo JJ 33589 339 57 - - HYPH 33589 339 58 Norman norman JJ 33589 339 59 ecclesiastical ecclesiastical JJ 33589 339 60 buildings building NNS 33589 339 61 are be VBP 33589 339 62 a a DT 33589 339 63 cruciform cruciform NN 33589 339 64 plan plan NN 33589 339 65 ; ; : 33589 339 66 the the DT 33589 339 67 great great JJ 33589 339 68 length length NN 33589 339 69 in in IN 33589 339 70 comparison comparison NN 33589 339 71 with with IN 33589 339 72 the the DT 33589 339 73 breadth breadth NN 33589 339 74 of of IN 33589 339 75 the the DT 33589 339 76 nave nave NN 33589 339 77 , , , 33589 339 78 which which WDT 33589 339 79 joins join VBZ 33589 339 80 the the DT 33589 339 81 choir choir NN 33589 339 82 without without IN 33589 339 83 the the DT 33589 339 84 intervention intervention NN 33589 339 85 of of IN 33589 339 86 a a DT 33589 339 87 screen screen NN 33589 339 88 , , , 33589 339 89 such such JJ 33589 339 90 screens screen NNS 33589 339 91 as as IN 33589 339 92 are be VBP 33589 339 93 _ _ NNP 33589 339 94 in in IN 33589 339 95 situ situ NN 33589 339 96 _ _ NNP 33589 339 97 being be VBG 33589 339 98 of of IN 33589 339 99 much much JJ 33589 339 100 later later JJ 33589 339 101 date date NN 33589 339 102 than than IN 33589 339 103 the the DT 33589 339 104 churches church NNS 33589 339 105 in in IN 33589 339 106 which which WDT 33589 339 107 they -PRON- PRP 33589 339 108 are be VBP 33589 339 109 found find VBN 33589 339 110 ; ; : 33589 339 111 columns column NNS 33589 339 112 of of IN 33589 339 113 greater great JJR 33589 339 114 girth girth NN 33589 339 115 and and CC 33589 339 116 height height NN 33589 339 117 than than IN 33589 339 118 the the DT 33589 339 119 Saxon Saxon NNP 33589 339 120 type type NN 33589 339 121 , , , 33589 339 122 some some DT 33589 339 123 circular circular JJ 33589 339 124 , , , 33589 339 125 others other NNS 33589 339 126 six six CD 33589 339 127 or or CC 33589 339 128 eight eight CD 33589 339 129 sided side VBN 33589 339 130 , , , 33589 339 131 the the DT 33589 339 132 circular circular JJ 33589 339 133 type type NN 33589 339 134 occasionally occasionally RB 33589 339 135 clustered cluster VBN 33589 339 136 in in IN 33589 339 137 groups group NNS 33589 339 138 of of IN 33589 339 139 six six CD 33589 339 140 or or CC 33589 339 141 more more JJR 33589 339 142 , , , 33589 339 143 with with IN 33589 339 144 roughly roughly RB 33589 339 145 carved carve VBN 33589 339 146 capitals capital NNS 33589 339 147 of of IN 33589 339 148 which which WDT 33589 339 149 the the DT 33589 339 150 so so RB 33589 339 151 - - HYPH 33589 339 152 called call VBN 33589 339 153 cushion cushion NN 33589 339 154 form form NN 33589 339 155 is be VBZ 33589 339 156 of of IN 33589 339 157 most most JJS 33589 339 158 frequent frequent JJ 33589 339 159 occurrence occurrence NN 33589 339 160 , , , 33589 339 161 upholding upholding NN 33589 339 162 arches arch NNS 33589 339 163 of of IN 33589 339 164 wide wide JJ 33589 339 165 span span NN 33589 339 166 , , , 33589 339 167 massive massive JJ 33589 339 168 walls wall NNS 33589 339 169 , , , 33589 339 170 those those DT 33589 339 171 of of IN 33589 339 172 the the DT 33589 339 173 nave nave NN 33589 339 174 with with IN 33589 339 175 rows row NNS 33589 339 176 of of IN 33589 339 177 purely purely RB 33589 339 178 ornamental ornamental JJ 33589 339 179 arcading arcading NN 33589 339 180 , , , 33589 339 181 beautifully beautifully RB 33589 339 182 proportioned proportion VBD 33589 339 183 triforia triforia NN 33589 339 184 and and CC 33589 339 185 clerestories clerestory NNS 33589 339 186 ; ; : 33589 339 187 long long RB 33589 339 188 , , , 33589 339 189 narrow narrow JJ 33589 339 190 , , , 33589 339 191 round round JJ 33589 339 192 - - HYPH 33589 339 193 headed head VBN 33589 339 194 windows window NNS 33589 339 195 , , , 33589 339 196 two two CD 33589 339 197 or or CC 33589 339 198 three three CD 33589 339 199 being be VBG 33589 339 200 often often RB 33589 339 201 grouped group VBN 33589 339 202 together together RB 33589 339 203 ; ; : 33589 339 204 deeply deeply RB 33589 339 205 recessed recess VBN 33589 339 206 and and CC 33589 339 207 finely finely RB 33589 339 208 decorated decorate VBN 33589 339 209 doorways doorway NNS 33589 339 210 ; ; , 33589 339 211 strong strong JJ 33589 339 212 external external JJ 33589 339 213 buttresses buttress NNS 33589 339 214 ; ; : 33589 339 215 twin twin JJ 33589 339 216 western western JJ 33589 339 217 towers tower NNS 33589 339 218 and and CC 33589 339 219 a a DT 33589 339 220 loftier lofty JJR 33589 339 221 central central JJ 33589 339 222 one one NN 33589 339 223 rising rise VBG 33589 339 224 from from IN 33589 339 225 the the DT 33589 339 226 intersection intersection NN 33589 339 227 of of IN 33589 339 228 nave nave NN 33589 339 229 and and CC 33589 339 230 transepts transept NNS 33589 339 231 . . . 33589 340 1 With with IN 33589 340 2 certain certain JJ 33589 340 3 notable notable JJ 33589 340 4 exceptions exception NNS 33589 340 5 referred refer VBD 33589 340 6 to to IN 33589 340 7 below below RB 33589 340 8 , , , 33589 340 9 Norman Norman NNP 33589 340 10 churches church NNS 33589 340 11 have have VBP 33589 340 12 flat flat JJ 33589 340 13 timber timber NN 33589 340 14 roofs roof NNS 33589 340 15 , , , 33589 340 16 but but CC 33589 340 17 those those DT 33589 340 18 of of IN 33589 340 19 the the DT 33589 340 20 crypt crypt NN 33589 340 21 beneath beneath IN 33589 340 22 them -PRON- PRP 33589 340 23 are be VBP 33589 340 24 generally generally RB 33589 340 25 of of IN 33589 340 26 groined groin VBN 33589 340 27 stone stone NN 33589 340 28 with with IN 33589 340 29 plain plain JJ 33589 340 30 or or CC 33589 340 31 only only RB 33589 340 32 slightly slightly RB 33589 340 33 ornamented ornamented JJ 33589 340 34 ribs rib NNS 33589 340 35 . . . 33589 341 1 [ [ -LRB- 33589 341 2 Illustration illustration NN 33589 341 3 : : : 33589 341 4 Norman Norman NNP 33589 341 5 Window Window NNP 33589 341 6 ] ] -RRB- 33589 341 7 [ [ -LRB- 33589 341 8 Illustration illustration NN 33589 341 9 : : : 33589 341 10 Norman Norman NNP 33589 341 11 Doorway Doorway NNP 33589 341 12 ] ] -RRB- 33589 341 13 Another another DT 33589 341 14 very very RB 33589 341 15 distinctive distinctive JJ 33589 341 16 characteristic characteristic NN 33589 341 17 of of IN 33589 341 18 the the DT 33589 341 19 Norman Norman NNP 33589 341 20 style style NN 33589 341 21 is be VBZ 33589 341 22 the the DT 33589 341 23 richness richness NN 33589 341 24 of of IN 33589 341 25 the the DT 33589 341 26 surface surface NN 33589 341 27 decoration decoration NN 33589 341 28 of of IN 33589 341 29 the the DT 33589 341 30 interiors interior NNS 33589 341 31 of of IN 33589 341 32 cathedrals cathedral NNS 33589 341 33 and and CC 33589 341 34 churches church NNS 33589 341 35 , , , 33589 341 36 the the DT 33589 341 37 bases basis NNS 33589 341 38 , , , 33589 341 39 shafts shaft NNS 33589 341 40 , , , 33589 341 41 and and CC 33589 341 42 capitals capital NNS 33589 341 43 of of IN 33589 341 44 the the DT 33589 341 45 columns column NNS 33589 341 46 , , , 33589 341 47 the the DT 33589 341 48 arches arch NNS 33589 341 49 , , , 33589 341 50 headings heading NNS 33589 341 51 of of IN 33589 341 52 windows window NNS 33589 341 53 , , , 33589 341 54 mural mural NN 33589 341 55 arcades arcade NNS 33589 341 56 , , , 33589 341 57 & & CC 33589 341 58 c. c. NNP 33589 341 59 being be VBG 33589 341 60 all all DT 33589 341 61 enriched enrich VBN 33589 341 62 with with IN 33589 341 63 mouldings moulding NNS 33589 341 64 of of IN 33589 341 65 an an DT 33589 341 66 infinite infinite JJ 33589 341 67 variety variety NN 33589 341 68 of of IN 33589 341 69 form form NN 33589 341 70 , , , 33589 341 71 including include VBG 33589 341 72 the the DT 33589 341 73 so so RB 33589 341 74 - - HYPH 33589 341 75 called call VBN 33589 341 76 cable cable NN 33589 341 77 resembling resemble VBG 33589 341 78 a a DT 33589 341 79 rope rope NN 33589 341 80 , , , 33589 341 81 the the DT 33589 341 82 billet billet NN 33589 341 83 not not RB 33589 341 84 unlike unlike IN 33589 341 85 short short JJ 33589 341 86 bits bit NNS 33589 341 87 of of IN 33589 341 88 rounded rounded JJ 33589 341 89 wood wood NN 33589 341 90 , , , 33589 341 91 the the DT 33589 341 92 chevron chevron NNP 33589 341 93 or or CC 33589 341 94 zig zig NNP 33589 341 95 - - HYPH 33589 341 96 zag zag NNP 33589 341 97 , , , 33589 341 98 the the DT 33589 341 99 fret fret NN 33589 341 100 or or CC 33589 341 101 fillet fillet NN 33589 341 102 , , , 33589 341 103 the the DT 33589 341 104 lozenge lozenge NN 33589 341 105 , , , 33589 341 106 the the DT 33589 341 107 trellis trellis NNP 33589 341 108 , , , 33589 341 109 the the DT 33589 341 110 cone cone NN 33589 341 111 , , , 33589 341 112 the the DT 33589 341 113 scollop scollop NN 33589 341 114 , , , 33589 341 115 and and CC 33589 341 116 wave wave VB 33589 341 117 with with IN 33589 341 118 the the DT 33589 341 119 so so RB 33589 341 120 - - HYPH 33589 341 121 called call VBN 33589 341 122 torus torus NNP 33589 341 123 , , , 33589 341 124 a a DT 33589 341 125 convex convex NNP 33589 341 126 swelling swelling NN 33589 341 127 , , , 33589 341 128 and and CC 33589 341 129 the the DT 33589 341 130 cavetto cavetto NN 33589 341 131 , , , 33589 341 132 a a DT 33589 341 133 hollow hollow JJ 33589 341 134 moulding moulding NN 33589 341 135 , , , 33589 341 136 the the DT 33589 341 137 last last JJ 33589 341 138 two two CD 33589 341 139 used use VBD 33589 341 140 almost almost RB 33589 341 141 exclusively exclusively RB 33589 341 142 on on IN 33589 341 143 the the DT 33589 341 144 bases basis NNS 33589 341 145 of of IN 33589 341 146 columns column NNS 33589 341 147 . . . 33589 342 1 [ [ -LRB- 33589 342 2 Illustration illustration NN 33589 342 3 : : : 33589 342 4 Norman Norman NNP 33589 342 5 Buttress Buttress NNP 33589 342 6 ] ] -RRB- 33589 342 7 [ [ -LRB- 33589 342 8 Illustration illustration NN 33589 342 9 : : : 33589 342 10 Cable Cable NNP 33589 342 11 Moulding moulding NN 33589 342 12 ] ] -RRB- 33589 342 13 [ [ -LRB- 33589 342 14 Illustration illustration NN 33589 342 15 : : : 33589 342 16 Billet Billet NNP 33589 342 17 Moulding Moulding NNP 33589 342 18 ] ] -RRB- 33589 342 19 [ [ -LRB- 33589 342 20 Illustration illustration NN 33589 342 21 : : : 33589 342 22 Chevron Chevron NNP 33589 342 23 or or CC 33589 342 24 Zig Zig NNP 33589 342 25 - - HYPH 33589 342 26 zag zag NNP 33589 342 27 Moulding Moulding NNP 33589 342 28 ] ] -RRB- 33589 342 29 [ [ -LRB- 33589 342 30 Illustration illustration NN 33589 342 31 : : : 33589 342 32 Diamond Diamond NNP 33589 342 33 or or CC 33589 342 34 Lozenge Lozenge NNP 33589 342 35 Moulding Moulding NNP 33589 342 36 ] ] -RRB- 33589 342 37 [ [ -LRB- 33589 342 38 Illustration illustration NN 33589 342 39 : : : 33589 342 40 Trellis Trellis NNP 33589 342 41 Moulding Moulding NNP 33589 342 42 ] ] -RRB- 33589 342 43 [ [ -LRB- 33589 342 44 Illustration illustration NN 33589 342 45 : : : 33589 342 46 Cone Cone NNP 33589 342 47 Moulding Moulding NNP 33589 342 48 ] ] -RRB- 33589 342 49 [ [ -LRB- 33589 342 50 Illustration illustration NN 33589 342 51 : : : 33589 342 52 Scollop Scollop NNP 33589 342 53 Moulding Moulding NNP 33589 342 54 ] ] -RRB- 33589 342 55 Among among IN 33589 342 56 noteworthy noteworthy JJ 33589 342 57 existing exist VBG 33589 342 58 examples example NNS 33589 342 59 of of IN 33589 342 60 the the DT 33589 342 61 Anglo anglo JJ 33589 342 62 - - HYPH 33589 342 63 Norman norman JJ 33589 342 64 style style NN 33589 342 65 are be VBP 33589 342 66 the the DT 33589 342 67 nave nave NN 33589 342 68 , , , 33589 342 69 transepts transept NNS 33589 342 70 and and CC 33589 342 71 western western JJ 33589 342 72 doorway doorway NN 33589 342 73 of of IN 33589 342 74 Hereford Hereford NNP 33589 342 75 Cathedral Cathedral NNP 33589 342 76 ; ; : 33589 342 77 the the DT 33589 342 78 choir choir NN 33589 342 79 , , , 33589 342 80 transepts transept NNS 33589 342 81 , , , 33589 342 82 and and CC 33589 342 83 nave nave NN 33589 342 84 of of IN 33589 342 85 Peterborough Peterborough NNP 33589 342 86 Cathedral Cathedral NNP 33589 342 87 ; ; : 33589 342 88 the the DT 33589 342 89 naves nave NNS 33589 342 90 of of IN 33589 342 91 Gloucester Gloucester NNP 33589 342 92 , , , 33589 342 93 Exeter Exeter NNP 33589 342 94 , , , 33589 342 95 Chichester Chichester NNP 33589 342 96 , , , 33589 342 97 and and CC 33589 342 98 Ely Ely NNP 33589 342 99 Cathedrals Cathedrals NNPS 33589 342 100 ; ; , 33589 342 101 certain certain JJ 33589 342 102 portions portion NNS 33589 342 103 of of IN 33589 342 104 Canterbury Canterbury NNP 33589 342 105 Cathedral Cathedral NNP 33589 342 106 , , , 33589 342 107 including include VBG 33589 342 108 the the DT 33589 342 109 choir choir NN 33589 342 110 chapels chapel NNS 33589 342 111 , , , 33589 342 112 part part NN 33589 342 113 of of IN 33589 342 114 the the DT 33589 342 115 cloisters cloister NNS 33589 342 116 , , , 33589 342 117 the the DT 33589 342 118 baptistery baptistery NN 33589 342 119 tower tower NN 33589 342 120 , , , 33589 342 121 S. S. NNP 33589 342 122 Anselm Anselm NNP 33589 342 123 's 's POS 33589 342 124 Tower Tower NNP 33589 342 125 , , , 33589 342 126 and and CC 33589 342 127 a a DT 33589 342 128 fine fine JJ 33589 342 129 staircase staircase NN 33589 342 130 leading lead VBG 33589 342 131 up up RP 33589 342 132 from from IN 33589 342 133 the the DT 33589 342 134 Close close NN 33589 342 135 ; ; : 33589 342 136 the the DT 33589 342 137 Chapter Chapter NNP 33589 342 138 House House NNP 33589 342 139 of of IN 33589 342 140 Worcester Worcester NNP 33589 342 141 Cathedral Cathedral NNP 33589 342 142 ; ; : 33589 342 143 the the DT 33589 342 144 greater great JJR 33589 342 145 part part NN 33589 342 146 of of IN 33589 342 147 Norwich Norwich NNP 33589 342 148 Cathedral Cathedral NNP 33589 342 149 , , , 33589 342 150 which which WDT 33589 342 151 , , , 33589 342 152 though though IN 33589 342 153 it -PRON- PRP 33589 342 154 has have VBZ 33589 342 155 the the DT 33589 342 156 French french JJ 33589 342 157 chevet chevet NNS 33589 342 158 at at IN 33589 342 159 the the DT 33589 342 160 eastern eastern JJ 33589 342 161 end end NN 33589 342 162 , , , 33589 342 163 combines combine VBZ 33589 342 164 with with IN 33589 342 165 it -PRON- PRP 33589 342 166 the the DT 33589 342 167 distinctive distinctive JJ 33589 342 168 English english JJ 33589 342 169 characteristics characteristic NNS 33589 342 170 of of IN 33589 342 171 a a DT 33589 342 172 nave nave NN 33589 342 173 of of IN 33589 342 174 great great JJ 33589 342 175 length length NN 33589 342 176 and and CC 33589 342 177 long long JJ 33589 342 178 transepts transept NNS 33589 342 179 , , , 33589 342 180 the the DT 33589 342 181 former former JJ 33589 342 182 with with IN 33589 342 183 fourteen fourteen CD 33589 342 184 noble noble JJ 33589 342 185 bays bay NNS 33589 342 186 ; ; : 33589 342 187 the the DT 33589 342 188 naves nave NNS 33589 342 189 of of IN 33589 342 190 S. S. NNP 33589 342 191 Alban Alban NNP 33589 342 192 's 's POS 33589 342 193 Abbey Abbey NNP 33589 342 194 , , , 33589 342 195 Southwell Southwell NNP 33589 342 196 Minster Minster NNP 33589 342 197 , , , 33589 342 198 and and CC 33589 342 199 the the DT 33589 342 200 Priory Priory NNP 33589 342 201 Church Church NNP 33589 342 202 of of IN 33589 342 203 Christchurch Christchurch NNP 33589 342 204 , , , 33589 342 205 Hants hant NNS 33589 342 206 ; ; , 33589 342 207 portions portion NNS 33589 342 208 of of IN 33589 342 209 the the DT 33589 342 210 nave nave NN 33589 342 211 and and CC 33589 342 212 transepts transept NNS 33589 342 213 and and CC 33589 342 214 the the DT 33589 342 215 central central JJ 33589 342 216 tower tower NN 33589 342 217 of of IN 33589 342 218 Christchurch Christchurch NNP 33589 342 219 Cathedral Cathedral NNP 33589 342 220 , , , 33589 342 221 Oxford Oxford NNP 33589 342 222 ; ; : 33589 342 223 the the DT 33589 342 224 beautiful beautiful JJ 33589 342 225 portal portal NN 33589 342 226 of of IN 33589 342 227 Tewkesbury Tewkesbury NNP 33589 342 228 Abbey Abbey NNP 33589 342 229 , , , 33589 342 230 the the DT 33589 342 231 finest fine JJS 33589 342 232 in in IN 33589 342 233 England England NNP 33589 342 234 , , , 33589 342 235 and and CC 33589 342 236 the the DT 33589 342 237 doorway doorway NN 33589 342 238 of of IN 33589 342 239 Hales Hales NNP 33589 342 240 Church Church NNP 33589 342 241 , , , 33589 342 242 Norfolk Norfolk NNP 33589 342 243 , , , 33589 342 244 on on IN 33589 342 245 which which WDT 33589 342 246 may may MD 33589 342 247 be be VB 33589 342 248 seen see VBN 33589 342 249 many many JJ 33589 342 250 of of IN 33589 342 251 the the DT 33589 342 252 characteristic characteristic JJ 33589 342 253 mouldings moulding NNS 33589 342 254 enumerated enumerate VBN 33589 342 255 above above RB 33589 342 256 . . . 33589 343 1 [ [ -LRB- 33589 343 2 Illustration illustration NN 33589 343 3 : : : 33589 343 4 Norman Norman NNP 33589 343 5 Church Church NNP 33589 343 6 at at IN 33589 343 7 Kilpeck Kilpeck NNP 33589 343 8 ] ] -RRB- 33589 343 9 Somewhat somewhat RB 33589 343 10 later later RB 33589 343 11 in in IN 33589 343 12 date date NN 33589 343 13 and and CC 33589 343 14 even even RB 33589 343 15 more more RBR 33589 343 16 distinctively distinctively RB 33589 343 17 Anglo anglo JJ 33589 343 18 - - HYPH 33589 343 19 Norman norman JJ 33589 343 20 than than IN 33589 343 21 the the DT 33589 343 22 examples example NNS 33589 343 23 quoted quote VBN 33589 343 24 above above RB 33589 343 25 , , , 33589 343 26 is be VBZ 33589 343 27 the the DT 33589 343 28 noble noble JJ 33589 343 29 Cathedral Cathedral NNP 33589 343 30 of of IN 33589 343 31 Durham Durham NNP 33589 343 32 , , , 33589 343 33 in in IN 33589 343 34 which which WDT 33589 343 35 the the DT 33589 343 36 style style NN 33589 343 37 reached reach VBD 33589 343 38 its -PRON- PRP$ 33589 343 39 fullest full JJS 33589 343 40 culmination culmination NN 33589 343 41 . . . 33589 344 1 It -PRON- PRP 33589 344 2 remains remain VBZ 33589 344 3 , , , 33589 344 4 with with IN 33589 344 5 the the DT 33589 344 6 exception exception NN 33589 344 7 of of IN 33589 344 8 the the DT 33589 344 9 so so RB 33589 344 10 - - HYPH 33589 344 11 called call VBN 33589 344 12 Chapel Chapel NNP 33589 344 13 of of IN 33589 344 14 the the DT 33589 344 15 Nine Nine NNP 33589 344 16 Altars Altars NNPS 33589 344 17 that that WDT 33589 344 18 replaces replace VBZ 33589 344 19 the the DT 33589 344 20 original original JJ 33589 344 21 apse apse NN 33589 344 22 , , , 33589 344 23 very very RB 33589 344 24 much much RB 33589 344 25 what what WP 33589 344 26 it -PRON- PRP 33589 344 27 was be VBD 33589 344 28 when when WRB 33589 344 29 first first RB 33589 344 30 completed complete VBN 33589 344 31 , , , 33589 344 32 and and CC 33589 344 33 reflects reflect VBZ 33589 344 34 the the DT 33589 344 35 national national JJ 33589 344 36 unity unity NN 33589 344 37 that that WDT 33589 344 38 was be VBD 33589 344 39 becoming become VBG 33589 344 40 ever ever RB 33589 344 41 more more RBR 33589 344 42 and and CC 33589 344 43 more more RBR 33589 344 44 complete complete JJ 33589 344 45 whilst whilst IN 33589 344 46 it -PRON- PRP 33589 344 47 was be VBD 33589 344 48 being be VBG 33589 344 49 erected erect VBN 33589 344 50 . . . 33589 345 1 A a DT 33589 345 2 very very RB 33589 345 3 noteworthy noteworthy JJ 33589 345 4 feature feature NN 33589 345 5 of of IN 33589 345 6 this this DT 33589 345 7 most most RBS 33589 345 8 effective effective JJ 33589 345 9 building building NN 33589 345 10 , , , 33589 345 11 in in IN 33589 345 12 which which WDT 33589 345 13 every every DT 33589 345 14 detail detail NN 33589 345 15 is be VBZ 33589 345 16 subordinated subordinate VBN 33589 345 17 to to IN 33589 345 18 the the DT 33589 345 19 general general JJ 33589 345 20 effect effect NN 33589 345 21 , , , 33589 345 22 is be VBZ 33589 345 23 the the DT 33589 345 24 vaulted vaulted JJ 33589 345 25 roof roof NN 33589 345 26 of of IN 33589 345 27 the the DT 33589 345 28 nave nave NN 33589 345 29 , , , 33589 345 30 one one CD 33589 345 31 of of IN 33589 345 32 the the DT 33589 345 33 very very RB 33589 345 34 few few JJ 33589 345 35 dating dating NN 33589 345 36 from from IN 33589 345 37 Norman Norman NNP 33589 345 38 times time NNS 33589 345 39 , , , 33589 345 40 significant significant JJ 33589 345 41 of of IN 33589 345 42 the the DT 33589 345 43 approaching approach VBG 33589 345 44 revolt revolt NN 33589 345 45 against against IN 33589 345 46 the the DT 33589 345 47 flat flat JJ 33589 345 48 roofs roof NNS 33589 345 49 that that WDT 33589 345 50 had have VBD 33589 345 51 so so RB 33589 345 52 long long RB 33589 345 53 been be VBN 33589 345 54 looked look VBN 33589 345 55 upon upon IN 33589 345 56 as as IN 33589 345 57 essential essential JJ 33589 345 58 . . . 33589 346 1 In in IN 33589 346 2 spite spite NN 33589 346 3 of of IN 33589 346 4 certain certain JJ 33589 346 5 crudities crudity NNS 33589 346 6 of of IN 33589 346 7 structure structure NN 33589 346 8 it -PRON- PRP 33589 346 9 harmonises harmonise VBZ 33589 346 10 well well RB 33589 346 11 alike alike RB 33589 346 12 with with IN 33589 346 13 the the DT 33589 346 14 vaulting vaulting NN 33589 346 15 of of IN 33589 346 16 the the DT 33589 346 17 aisles aisle NNS 33589 346 18 and and CC 33589 346 19 transepts transept NNS 33589 346 20 of of IN 33589 346 21 earlier early RBR 33589 346 22 , , , 33589 346 23 and and CC 33589 346 24 of of IN 33589 346 25 the the DT 33589 346 26 choir choir NN 33589 346 27 of of IN 33589 346 28 somewhat somewhat RB 33589 346 29 later later JJ 33589 346 30 date date NN 33589 346 31 . . . 33589 347 1 The the DT 33589 347 2 great great JJ 33589 347 3 clustered clustered JJ 33589 347 4 piers pier NNS 33589 347 5 alternating alternate VBG 33589 347 6 with with IN 33589 347 7 cylindrical cylindrical JJ 33589 347 8 columns column NNS 33589 347 9 , , , 33589 347 10 the the DT 33589 347 11 fine fine JJ 33589 347 12 arches arch VBZ 33589 347 13 spanning span VBG 33589 347 14 them -PRON- PRP 33589 347 15 , , , 33589 347 16 the the DT 33589 347 17 beautiful beautiful JJ 33589 347 18 triforia triforia NN 33589 347 19 and and CC 33589 347 20 clerestories clerestory NNS 33589 347 21 , , , 33589 347 22 and and CC 33589 347 23 above above IN 33589 347 24 all all PDT 33589 347 25 the the DT 33589 347 26 long long JJ 33589 347 27 vista vista NNP 33589 347 28 of of IN 33589 347 29 nave nave NNP 33589 347 30 and and CC 33589 347 31 choir choir NNP 33589 347 32 , , , 33589 347 33 combine combine VBP 33589 347 34 to to TO 33589 347 35 place place VB 33589 347 36 Durham Durham NNP 33589 347 37 Cathedral Cathedral NNP 33589 347 38 in in IN 33589 347 39 the the DT 33589 347 40 very very RB 33589 347 41 highest high JJS 33589 347 42 rank rank NN 33589 347 43 amongst amongst IN 33589 347 44 contemporary contemporary JJ 33589 347 45 buildings building NNS 33589 347 46 either either CC 33589 347 47 in in IN 33589 347 48 England England NNP 33589 347 49 or or CC 33589 347 50 on on IN 33589 347 51 the the DT 33589 347 52 Continent continent NN 33589 347 53 , , , 33589 347 54 whilst whilst IN 33589 347 55 in in IN 33589 347 56 the the DT 33589 347 57 Galilee Galilee NNP 33589 347 58 Chapel Chapel NNP 33589 347 59 , , , 33589 347 60 to to TO 33589 347 61 which which WDT 33589 347 62 a a DT 33589 347 63 porch porch NN 33589 347 64 , , , 33589 347 65 replacing replace VBG 33589 347 66 an an DT 33589 347 67 earlier early JJR 33589 347 68 entrance entrance NN 33589 347 69 , , , 33589 347 70 gives give VBZ 33589 347 71 access access NN 33589 347 72 , , , 33589 347 73 the the DT 33589 347 74 details detail NNS 33589 347 75 of of IN 33589 347 76 the the DT 33589 347 77 transitional transitional JJ 33589 347 78 Norman Norman NNP 33589 347 79 style style NN 33589 347 80 can can MD 33589 347 81 be be VB 33589 347 82 very very RB 33589 347 83 clearly clearly RB 33589 347 84 studied study VBN 33589 347 85 , , , 33589 347 86 the the DT 33589 347 87 graceful graceful JJ 33589 347 88 intersecting intersect VBG 33589 347 89 arches arch NNS 33589 347 90 , , , 33589 347 91 upheld uphold VBN 33589 347 92 by by IN 33589 347 93 slender slender NN 33589 347 94 coupled couple VBN 33589 347 95 columns column NNS 33589 347 96 , , , 33589 347 97 recently recently RB 33589 347 98 supplemented supplement VBN 33589 347 99 by by IN 33589 347 100 additional additional JJ 33589 347 101 supports support NNS 33589 347 102 , , , 33589 347 103 enriched enrich VBN 33589 347 104 with with IN 33589 347 105 characteristic characteristic JJ 33589 347 106 mouldings moulding NNS 33589 347 107 , , , 33589 347 108 shadowing shadow VBG 33589 347 109 forth forth RP 33589 347 110 the the DT 33589 347 111 approaching approach VBG 33589 347 112 change change NN 33589 347 113 to to IN 33589 347 114 the the DT 33589 347 115 early early JJ 33589 347 116 English english JJ 33589 347 117 phase phase NN 33589 347 118 of of IN 33589 347 119 Gothic Gothic NNP 33589 347 120 . . . 33589 348 1 Winchester Winchester NNP 33589 348 2 Cathedral Cathedral NNP 33589 348 3 , , , 33589 348 4 originally originally RB 33589 348 5 a a DT 33589 348 6 very very RB 33589 348 7 typical typical JJ 33589 348 8 Norman Norman NNP 33589 348 9 building building NN 33589 348 10 designed design VBN 33589 348 11 by by IN 33589 348 12 William William NNP 33589 348 13 of of IN 33589 348 14 Wykeham Wykeham NNP 33589 348 15 , , , 33589 348 16 retains retain VBZ 33589 348 17 its -PRON- PRP$ 33589 348 18 Norman Norman NNP 33589 348 19 framework framework NN 33589 348 20 , , , 33589 348 21 covered cover VBN 33589 348 22 over over RB 33589 348 23 , , , 33589 348 24 as as IN 33589 348 25 it -PRON- PRP 33589 348 26 were be VBD 33589 348 27 , , , 33589 348 28 with with IN 33589 348 29 a a DT 33589 348 30 drapery drapery NN 33589 348 31 of of IN 33589 348 32 detail detail NN 33589 348 33 in in IN 33589 348 34 the the DT 33589 348 35 latest late JJS 33589 348 36 development development NN 33589 348 37 of of IN 33589 348 38 English English NNP 33589 348 39 Gothic Gothic NNP 33589 348 40 , , , 33589 348 41 and and CC 33589 348 42 with with IN 33589 348 43 it -PRON- PRP 33589 348 44 may may MD 33589 348 45 be be VB 33589 348 46 named name VBN 33589 348 47 as as IN 33589 348 48 characteristic characteristic JJ 33589 348 49 Norman Norman NNP 33589 348 50 buildings building NNS 33589 348 51 with with IN 33589 348 52 Gothic gothic JJ 33589 348 53 additions addition NNS 33589 348 54 , , , 33589 348 55 Peterborough Peterborough NNP 33589 348 56 Cathedral Cathedral NNP 33589 348 57 , , , 33589 348 58 all all DT 33589 348 59 Norman Norman NNP 33589 348 60 except except IN 33589 348 61 the the DT 33589 348 62 west west NNP 33589 348 63 front front NN 33589 348 64 and and CC 33589 348 65 eastern eastern JJ 33589 348 66 extremity extremity NN 33589 348 67 of of IN 33589 348 68 the the DT 33589 348 69 choir choir NN 33589 348 70 ; ; : 33589 348 71 Malmesbury Malmesbury NNP 33589 348 72 Abbey Abbey NNP 33589 348 73 , , , 33589 348 74 with with IN 33589 348 75 a a DT 33589 348 76 flat flat RB 33589 348 77 - - HYPH 33589 348 78 roofed roofed JJ 33589 348 79 nave nave NN 33589 348 80 and and CC 33589 348 81 vaulted vault VBN 33589 348 82 aisles aisle NNS 33589 348 83 , , , 33589 348 84 the the DT 33589 348 85 latter latter JJ 33589 348 86 with with IN 33589 348 87 pointed pointed JJ 33589 348 88 arches arch NNS 33589 348 89 ; ; : 33589 348 90 the the DT 33589 348 91 Cathedral Cathedral NNP 33589 348 92 of of IN 33589 348 93 Exeter Exeter NNP 33589 348 94 ; ; : 33589 348 95 the the DT 33589 348 96 Minster Minster NNP 33589 348 97 of of IN 33589 348 98 Sherbourne Sherbourne NNP 33589 348 99 ; ; : 33589 348 100 and and CC 33589 348 101 portions portion NNS 33589 348 102 of of IN 33589 348 103 Westminster Westminster NNP 33589 348 104 Abbey Abbey NNP 33589 348 105 . . . 33589 349 1 Many many JJ 33589 349 2 parish parish NN 33589 349 3 churches church NNS 33589 349 4 , , , 33589 349 5 too too RB 33589 349 6 , , , 33589 349 7 including include VBG 33589 349 8 those those DT 33589 349 9 of of IN 33589 349 10 Kilpeck Kilpeck NNP 33589 349 11 in in IN 33589 349 12 Herefordshire Herefordshire NNP 33589 349 13 , , , 33589 349 14 a a DT 33589 349 15 very very RB 33589 349 16 typical typical JJ 33589 349 17 Norman Norman NNP 33589 349 18 building building NN 33589 349 19 ; ; : 33589 349 20 Tickencote Tickencote NNP 33589 349 21 in in IN 33589 349 22 Lincolnshire Lincolnshire NNP 33589 349 23 , , , 33589 349 24 with with IN 33589 349 25 intersecting intersect VBG 33589 349 26 pointed pointed JJ 33589 349 27 arches arch NNS 33589 349 28 ; ; : 33589 349 29 S. S. NNP 33589 349 30 Peter Peter NNP 33589 349 31 's be VBZ 33589 349 32 in in IN 33589 349 33 the the DT 33589 349 34 East East NNP 33589 349 35 , , , 33589 349 36 Oxford Oxford NNP 33589 349 37 , , , 33589 349 38 with with IN 33589 349 39 a a DT 33589 349 40 groined groin VBN 33589 349 41 vaulted vault VBN 33589 349 42 roof roof NN 33589 349 43 ; ; : 33589 349 44 Barfreston Barfreston NNP 33589 349 45 Church Church NNP 33589 349 46 , , , 33589 349 47 Kent Kent NNP 33589 349 48 , , , 33589 349 49 with with IN 33589 349 50 a a DT 33589 349 51 very very RB 33589 349 52 beautiful beautiful JJ 33589 349 53 recessed recess VBN 33589 349 54 doorway doorway NN 33589 349 55 ; ; : 33589 349 56 Goring Goring NNP 33589 349 57 and and CC 33589 349 58 Iffley Iffley NNP 33589 349 59 in in IN 33589 349 60 Oxfordshire Oxfordshire NNP 33589 349 61 ; ; : 33589 349 62 and and CC 33589 349 63 above above IN 33589 349 64 all all DT 33589 349 65 , , , 33589 349 66 S. S. NNP 33589 349 67 Bartholomew Bartholomew NNP 33589 349 68 's 's POS 33589 349 69 in in IN 33589 349 70 London London NNP 33589 349 71 , , , 33589 349 72 date date NN 33589 349 73 from from IN 33589 349 74 Norman Norman NNP 33589 349 75 times time NNS 33589 349 76 , , , 33589 349 77 and and CC 33589 349 78 , , , 33589 349 79 though though IN 33589 349 80 they -PRON- PRP 33589 349 81 have have VBP 33589 349 82 all all DT 33589 349 83 been be VBN 33589 349 84 more more RBR 33589 349 85 or or CC 33589 349 86 less less RBR 33589 349 87 modified modify VBN 33589 349 88 by by IN 33589 349 89 restoration restoration NN 33589 349 90 , , , 33589 349 91 retain retain VB 33589 349 92 the the DT 33589 349 93 general general JJ 33589 349 94 characteristics characteristic NNS 33589 349 95 of of IN 33589 349 96 the the DT 33589 349 97 period period NN 33589 349 98 to to TO 33589 349 99 which which WDT 33589 349 100 they -PRON- PRP 33589 349 101 belong belong VBP 33589 349 102 . . . 33589 350 1 [ [ -LRB- 33589 350 2 Illustration illustration NN 33589 350 3 : : : 33589 350 4 Plan plan NN 33589 350 5 of of IN 33589 350 6 Peterborough Peterborough NNP 33589 350 7 Cathedral Cathedral NNP 33589 350 8 ] ] -RRB- 33589 350 9 Anglo anglo JJ 33589 350 10 - - HYPH 33589 350 11 Norman norman JJ 33589 350 12 secular secular JJ 33589 350 13 architecture architecture NN 33589 350 14 is be VBZ 33589 350 15 characterised characterise VBN 33589 350 16 by by IN 33589 350 17 much much RB 33589 350 18 the the DT 33589 350 19 same same JJ 33589 350 20 qualities quality NNS 33589 350 21 as as IN 33589 350 22 ecclesiastical ecclesiastical JJ 33589 350 23 , , , 33589 350 24 the the DT 33589 350 25 castles castle NNS 33589 350 26 and and CC 33589 350 27 residences residence NNS 33589 350 28 of of IN 33589 350 29 the the DT 33589 350 30 sovereigns sovereign NNS 33589 350 31 and and CC 33589 350 32 the the DT 33589 350 33 nobles noble NNS 33589 350 34 having have VBG 33589 350 35 been be VBN 33589 350 36 of of IN 33589 350 37 dignified dignified JJ 33589 350 38 and and CC 33589 350 39 impressive impressive JJ 33589 350 40 appearance appearance NN 33589 350 41 , , , 33589 350 42 well well RB 33589 350 43 proportioned proportion VBD 33589 350 44 , , , 33589 350 45 and and CC 33589 350 46 thoroughly thoroughly RB 33589 350 47 in in IN 33589 350 48 harmony harmony NN 33589 350 49 with with IN 33589 350 50 their -PRON- PRP$ 33589 350 51 surroundings surrounding NNS 33589 350 52 . . . 33589 351 1 During during IN 33589 351 2 the the DT 33589 351 3 reigns reign NNS 33589 351 4 of of IN 33589 351 5 the the DT 33589 351 6 Conqueror Conqueror NNP 33589 351 7 and and CC 33589 351 8 his -PRON- PRP$ 33589 351 9 successors successor NNS 33589 351 10 many many JJ 33589 351 11 noble noble JJ 33589 351 12 strongholds stronghold NNS 33589 351 13 were be VBD 33589 351 14 erected erect VBN 33589 351 15 on on IN 33589 351 16 points point NNS 33589 351 17 of of IN 33589 351 18 vantage vantage NN 33589 351 19 . . . 33589 352 1 The the DT 33589 352 2 most most RBS 33589 352 3 important important JJ 33589 352 4 feature feature NN 33589 352 5 , , , 33589 352 6 and and CC 33589 352 7 in in IN 33589 352 8 every every DT 33589 352 9 case case NN 33589 352 10 the the DT 33589 352 11 first first JJ 33589 352 12 to to TO 33589 352 13 be be VB 33589 352 14 built build VBN 33589 352 15 , , , 33589 352 16 having have VBG 33589 352 17 been be VBN 33589 352 18 the the DT 33589 352 19 lofty lofty JJ 33589 352 20 central central NN 33589 352 21 keep keep VB 33589 352 22 or or CC 33589 352 23 donjon donjon NNS 33589 352 24 , , , 33589 352 25 the the DT 33589 352 26 home home NN 33589 352 27 of of IN 33589 352 28 its -PRON- PRP$ 33589 352 29 owner owner NN 33589 352 30 in in IN 33589 352 31 peace peace NN 33589 352 32 , , , 33589 352 33 and and CC 33589 352 34 the the DT 33589 352 35 last last JJ 33589 352 36 refuge refuge NN 33589 352 37 of of IN 33589 352 38 a a DT 33589 352 39 besieged besieged JJ 33589 352 40 garrison garrison NN 33589 352 41 in in IN 33589 352 42 time time NN 33589 352 43 of of IN 33589 352 44 war war NN 33589 352 45 . . . 33589 353 1 In in IN 33589 353 2 it -PRON- PRP 33589 353 3 was be VBD 33589 353 4 a a DT 33589 353 5 fine fine JJ 33589 353 6 hall hall NN 33589 353 7 , , , 33589 353 8 in in IN 33589 353 9 which which WDT 33589 353 10 the the DT 33589 353 11 host host NN 33589 353 12 received receive VBD 33589 353 13 his -PRON- PRP$ 33589 353 14 guests guest NNS 33589 353 15 , , , 33589 353 16 with with IN 33589 353 17 a a DT 33589 353 18 raised raise VBN 33589 353 19 platform platform NN 33589 353 20 known know VBN 33589 353 21 as as IN 33589 353 22 the the DT 33589 353 23 daïs daïs NN 33589 353 24 for for IN 33589 353 25 the the DT 33589 353 26 use use NN 33589 353 27 of of IN 33589 353 28 those those DT 33589 353 29 of of IN 33589 353 30 high high JJ 33589 353 31 rank rank NN 33589 353 32 , , , 33589 353 33 and and CC 33589 353 34 the the DT 33589 353 35 approach approach NN 33589 353 36 to to IN 33589 353 37 it -PRON- PRP 33589 353 38 was be VBD 33589 353 39 protected protect VBN 33589 353 40 by by IN 33589 353 41 a a DT 33589 353 42 complex complex JJ 33589 353 43 series series NN 33589 353 44 of of IN 33589 353 45 defences defence NNS 33589 353 46 , , , 33589 353 47 including include VBG 33589 353 48 deep deep JJ 33589 353 49 ditches ditch NNS 33589 353 50 or or CC 33589 353 51 fosses fosse NNS 33589 353 52 , , , 33589 353 53 walls wall NNS 33589 353 54 with with IN 33589 353 55 towers tower NNS 33589 353 56 and and CC 33589 353 57 turrets turret NNS 33589 353 58 at at IN 33589 353 59 intervals interval NNS 33589 353 60 , , , 33589 353 61 forming form VBG 33589 353 62 two two CD 33589 353 63 distinct distinct JJ 33589 353 64 enclosures enclosure NNS 33589 353 65 known know VBN 33589 353 66 as as IN 33589 353 67 the the DT 33589 353 68 outer outer JJ 33589 353 69 and and CC 33589 353 70 inner inner JJ 33589 353 71 baileys bailey NNS 33589 353 72 , , , 33589 353 73 often often RB 33589 353 74 covering cover VBG 33589 353 75 a a DT 33589 353 76 vast vast JJ 33589 353 77 extent extent NN 33589 353 78 of of IN 33589 353 79 ground ground NN 33589 353 80 , , , 33589 353 81 the the DT 33589 353 82 whole whole NN 33589 353 83 encircled encircle VBN 33589 353 84 by by IN 33589 353 85 a a DT 33589 353 86 deep deep JJ 33589 353 87 moat moat NN 33589 353 88 that that WDT 33589 353 89 could could MD 33589 353 90 be be VB 33589 353 91 filled fill VBN 33589 353 92 with with IN 33589 353 93 water water NN 33589 353 94 when when WRB 33589 353 95 necessary necessary JJ 33589 353 96 . . . 33589 354 1 The the DT 33589 354 2 great great JJ 33589 354 3 main main JJ 33589 354 4 entrance entrance NN 33589 354 5 was be VBD 33589 354 6 flanked flank VBN 33589 354 7 by by IN 33589 354 8 towers tower NNS 33589 354 9 , , , 33589 354 10 and and CC 33589 354 11 in in IN 33589 354 12 connection connection NN 33589 354 13 with with IN 33589 354 14 the the DT 33589 354 15 heavy heavy JJ 33589 354 16 doors door NNS 33589 354 17 of of IN 33589 354 18 solid solid JJ 33589 354 19 oak oak NN 33589 354 20 was be VBD 33589 354 21 a a DT 33589 354 22 portcullis portcullis NNP 33589 354 23 , , , 33589 354 24 that that DT 33589 354 25 is be VBZ 33589 354 26 to to TO 33589 354 27 say say VB 33589 354 28 , , , 33589 354 29 a a DT 33589 354 30 grating grating NN 33589 354 31 of of IN 33589 354 32 timber timber NN 33589 354 33 and and CC 33589 354 34 iron iron NN 33589 354 35 bristling bristling NN 33589 354 36 with with IN 33589 354 37 spikes spike NNS 33589 354 38 , , , 33589 354 39 that that WDT 33589 354 40 could could MD 33589 354 41 be be VB 33589 354 42 drawn draw VBN 33589 354 43 up up RP 33589 354 44 from from IN 33589 354 45 within within IN 33589 354 46 , , , 33589 354 47 cutting cut VBG 33589 354 48 off off RP 33589 354 49 all all DT 33589 354 50 access access NN 33589 354 51 to to IN 33589 354 52 the the DT 33589 354 53 inner inner JJ 33589 354 54 precincts precinct NNS 33589 354 55 . . . 33589 355 1 Some some DT 33589 355 2 few few JJ 33589 355 3 Norman Norman NNP 33589 355 4 castles castle NNS 33589 355 5 , , , 33589 355 6 all all DT 33589 355 7 considerably considerably RB 33589 355 8 modified modify VBN 33589 355 9 to to TO 33589 355 10 suit suit VB 33589 355 11 modern modern JJ 33589 355 12 requirements requirement NNS 33589 355 13 , , , 33589 355 14 are be VBP 33589 355 15 still still RB 33589 355 16 in in IN 33589 355 17 use use NN 33589 355 18 as as IN 33589 355 19 residences residence NNS 33589 355 20 or or CC 33589 355 21 public public JJ 33589 355 22 buildings building NNS 33589 355 23 , , , 33589 355 24 including include VBG 33589 355 25 those those DT 33589 355 26 of of IN 33589 355 27 Windsor Windsor NNP 33589 355 28 , , , 33589 355 29 Warwick Warwick NNP 33589 355 30 ( ( -LRB- 33589 355 31 both both DT 33589 355 32 specially specially RB 33589 355 33 typical typical JJ 33589 355 34 ) ) -RRB- 33589 355 35 , , , 33589 355 36 Norwich Norwich NNP 33589 355 37 , , , 33589 355 38 Dover Dover NNP 33589 355 39 , , , 33589 355 40 Richmond Richmond NNP 33589 355 41 in in IN 33589 355 42 Yorkshire Yorkshire NNP 33589 355 43 , , , 33589 355 44 and and CC 33589 355 45 the the DT 33589 355 46 Tower Tower NNP 33589 355 47 of of IN 33589 355 48 London London NNP 33589 355 49 ; ; : 33589 355 50 the the DT 33589 355 51 keep keep NN 33589 355 52 of of IN 33589 355 53 the the DT 33589 355 54 last last JJ 33589 355 55 named name VBN 33589 355 56 ( ( -LRB- 33589 355 57 known know VBN 33589 355 58 as as IN 33589 355 59 the the DT 33589 355 60 White White NNP 33589 355 61 Tower Tower NNP 33589 355 62 ) ) -RRB- 33589 355 63 and and CC 33589 355 64 the the DT 33589 355 65 chapel chapel NN 33589 355 66 dedicated dedicate VBN 33589 355 67 to to IN 33589 355 68 S. S. NNP 33589 355 69 John John NNP 33589 355 70 being be VBG 33589 355 71 amongst amongst IN 33589 355 72 the the DT 33589 355 73 best good JJS 33589 355 74 examples example NNS 33589 355 75 of of IN 33589 355 76 the the DT 33589 355 77 Anglo anglo JJ 33589 355 78 - - HYPH 33589 355 79 Norman norman JJ 33589 355 80 style style NN 33589 355 81 in in IN 33589 355 82 existence existence NN 33589 355 83 ; ; , 33589 355 84 whilst whilst IN 33589 355 85 at at IN 33589 355 86 Rochester Rochester NNP 33589 355 87 , , , 33589 355 88 Colchester Colchester NNP 33589 355 89 , , , 33589 355 90 Croft Croft NNP 33589 355 91 , , , 33589 355 92 Headingham Headingham NNP 33589 355 93 , , , 33589 355 94 and and CC 33589 355 95 Kenilworth Kenilworth NNP 33589 355 96 are be VBP 33589 355 97 extensive extensive JJ 33589 355 98 remains remain NNS 33589 355 99 of of IN 33589 355 100 other other JJ 33589 355 101 strongholds stronghold NNS 33589 355 102 , , , 33589 355 103 that that IN 33589 355 104 before before IN 33589 355 105 they -PRON- PRP 33589 355 106 fell fall VBD 33589 355 107 into into IN 33589 355 108 decay decay NN 33589 355 109 , , , 33589 355 110 must must MD 33589 355 111 have have VB 33589 355 112 equalled equal VBN 33589 355 113 in in IN 33589 355 114 grandeur grandeur NN 33589 355 115 those those DT 33589 355 116 of of IN 33589 355 117 Windsor Windsor NNP 33589 355 118 and and CC 33589 355 119 Warwick Warwick NNP 33589 355 120 . . . 33589 356 1 A a DT 33589 356 2 very very RB 33589 356 3 remarkable remarkable JJ 33589 356 4 example example NN 33589 356 5 of of IN 33589 356 6 a a DT 33589 356 7 private private JJ 33589 356 8 residence residence NN 33589 356 9 dating date VBG 33589 356 10 from from IN 33589 356 11 Norman Norman NNP 33589 356 12 times time NNS 33589 356 13 is be VBZ 33589 356 14 Haddon Haddon NNP 33589 356 15 Hall Hall NNP 33589 356 16 in in IN 33589 356 17 Derbyshire Derbyshire NNP 33589 356 18 , , , 33589 356 19 the the DT 33589 356 20 seat seat NN 33589 356 21 of of IN 33589 356 22 the the DT 33589 356 23 Duke Duke NNP 33589 356 24 of of IN 33589 356 25 Rutland Rutland NNP 33589 356 26 , , , 33589 356 27 which which WDT 33589 356 28 retains retain VBZ 33589 356 29 the the DT 33589 356 30 original original JJ 33589 356 31 great great JJ 33589 356 32 hall hall NN 33589 356 33 with with IN 33589 356 34 a a DT 33589 356 35 daïs daïs NN 33589 356 36 and and CC 33589 356 37 minstrels minstrel NNS 33589 356 38 ' ' POS 33589 356 39 gallery gallery NN 33589 356 40 , , , 33589 356 41 and and CC 33589 356 42 a a DT 33589 356 43 number number NN 33589 356 44 of of IN 33589 356 45 fine fine JJ 33589 356 46 suites suite NNS 33589 356 47 of of IN 33589 356 48 rooms room NNS 33589 356 49 to to IN 33589 356 50 which which WDT 33589 356 51 various various JJ 33589 356 52 wings wing NNS 33589 356 53 were be VBD 33589 356 54 added add VBN 33589 356 55 during during IN 33589 356 56 the the DT 33589 356 57 13th 13th JJ 33589 356 58 , , , 33589 356 59 14th 14th JJ 33589 356 60 , , , 33589 356 61 and and CC 33589 356 62 15th 15th JJ 33589 356 63 centuries century NNS 33589 356 64 , , , 33589 356 65 affording afford VBG 33589 356 66 an an DT 33589 356 67 excellent excellent JJ 33589 356 68 opportunity opportunity NN 33589 356 69 for for IN 33589 356 70 the the DT 33589 356 71 study study NN 33589 356 72 of of IN 33589 356 73 the the DT 33589 356 74 development development NN 33589 356 75 of of IN 33589 356 76 English english JJ 33589 356 77 domestic domestic JJ 33589 356 78 architecture architecture NN 33589 356 79 . . . 33589 357 1 CHAPTER chapter NN 33589 357 2 VIII viii NN 33589 357 3 GOTHIC gothic NN 33589 357 4 ARCHITECTURE architecture NN 33589 357 5 IN in IN 33589 357 6 EUROPE europe NN 33589 357 7 The the DT 33589 357 8 first first JJ 33589 357 9 decades decade NNS 33589 357 10 of of IN 33589 357 11 the the DT 33589 357 12 12th 12th JJ 33589 357 13 century century NN 33589 357 14 were be VBD 33589 357 15 marked mark VBN 33589 357 16 throughout throughout IN 33589 357 17 Europe Europe NNP 33589 357 18 , , , 33589 357 19 as as RB 33589 357 20 far far RB 33589 357 21 as as IN 33589 357 22 architecture architecture NN 33589 357 23 was be VBD 33589 357 24 concerned concern VBN 33589 357 25 , , , 33589 357 26 by by IN 33589 357 27 the the DT 33589 357 28 final final JJ 33589 357 29 breaking breaking NN 33589 357 30 loose loose RB 33589 357 31 from from IN 33589 357 32 the the DT 33589 357 33 Roman roman JJ 33589 357 34 traditions tradition NNS 33589 357 35 that that WDT 33589 357 36 had have VBD 33589 357 37 so so RB 33589 357 38 long long RB 33589 357 39 been be VBN 33589 357 40 accepted accept VBN 33589 357 41 as as IN 33589 357 42 binding bind VBG 33589 357 43 , , , 33589 357 44 and and CC 33589 357 45 the the DT 33589 357 46 revolt revolt NN 33589 357 47 against against IN 33589 357 48 which which WDT 33589 357 49 had have VBD 33589 357 50 been be VBN 33589 357 51 inaugurated inaugurate VBN 33589 357 52 more more JJR 33589 357 53 than than IN 33589 357 54 a a DT 33589 357 55 hundred hundred CD 33589 357 56 years year NNS 33589 357 57 before before RB 33589 357 58 . . . 33589 358 1 The the DT 33589 358 2 struggle struggle NN 33589 358 3 between between IN 33589 358 4 the the DT 33589 358 5 old old JJ 33589 358 6 and and CC 33589 358 7 new new JJ 33589 358 8 methods method NNS 33589 358 9 of of IN 33589 358 10 building build VBG 33589 358 11 very very RB 33589 358 12 clearly clearly RB 33589 358 13 reflected reflect VBN 33589 358 14 that that DT 33589 358 15 of of IN 33589 358 16 the the DT 33589 358 17 people people NNS 33589 358 18 for for IN 33589 358 19 greater great JJR 33589 358 20 freedom freedom NN 33589 358 21 of of IN 33589 358 22 thought thought NN 33589 358 23 and and CC 33589 358 24 action action NN 33589 358 25 in in IN 33589 358 26 the the DT 33589 358 27 countries country NNS 33589 358 28 in in IN 33589 358 29 which which WDT 33589 358 30 it -PRON- PRP 33589 358 31 took take VBD 33589 358 32 place place NN 33589 358 33 . . . 33589 359 1 The the DT 33589 359 2 keynote keynote NN 33589 359 3 of of IN 33589 359 4 both both DT 33589 359 5 was be VBD 33589 359 6 an an DT 33589 359 7 aspiration aspiration NN 33589 359 8 after after IN 33589 359 9 nobler noble JJR 33589 359 10 things thing NNS 33589 359 11 , , , 33589 359 12 and and CC 33589 359 13 , , , 33589 359 14 in in IN 33589 359 15 architecture architecture NN 33589 359 16 , , , 33589 359 17 a a DT 33589 359 18 yearning yearning NN 33589 359 19 for for IN 33589 359 20 religious religious JJ 33589 359 21 expression expression NN 33589 359 22 , , , 33589 359 23 typified typify VBN 33589 359 24 by by IN 33589 359 25 the the DT 33589 359 26 pointing point VBG 33589 359 27 upwards upwards RB 33589 359 28 of of IN 33589 359 29 the the DT 33589 359 30 spires spire NNS 33589 359 31 and and CC 33589 359 32 pinnacles pinnacle NNS 33589 359 33 of of IN 33589 359 34 churches church NNS 33589 359 35 and and CC 33589 359 36 cathedrals cathedral NNS 33589 359 37 , , , 33589 359 38 coincided coincide VBD 33589 359 39 with with IN 33589 359 40 the the DT 33589 359 41 craving craving NN 33589 359 42 of of IN 33589 359 43 builders builder NNS 33589 359 44 for for IN 33589 359 45 increased increased JJ 33589 359 46 lightness lightness NN 33589 359 47 and and CC 33589 359 48 grace grace NN 33589 359 49 of of IN 33589 359 50 structure structure NN 33589 359 51 . . . 33589 360 1 The the DT 33589 360 2 lofty lofty JJ 33589 360 3 vaults vault NNS 33589 360 4 and and CC 33589 360 5 complicated complicated JJ 33589 360 6 systems system NNS 33589 360 7 of of IN 33589 360 8 buttresses buttress NNS 33589 360 9 of of IN 33589 360 10 the the DT 33589 360 11 Gothic gothic JJ 33589 360 12 style style NN 33589 360 13 bore bear VBD 33589 360 14 striking striking JJ 33589 360 15 witness witness NN 33589 360 16 to to IN 33589 360 17 the the DT 33589 360 18 ambitious ambitious JJ 33589 360 19 daring daring NN 33589 360 20 of of IN 33589 360 21 their -PRON- PRP$ 33589 360 22 designers designer NNS 33589 360 23 , , , 33589 360 24 a a DT 33589 360 25 daring dare VBG 33589 360 26 more more JJR 33589 360 27 than than IN 33589 360 28 justified justify VBN 33589 360 29 by by IN 33589 360 30 its -PRON- PRP$ 33589 360 31 results result NNS 33589 360 32 . . . 33589 361 1 [ [ -LRB- 33589 361 2 Illustration illustration NN 33589 361 3 : : : 33589 361 4 Gothic Gothic NNP 33589 361 5 Vaulting Vaulting NNP 33589 361 6 ] ] -RRB- 33589 361 7 The the DT 33589 361 8 term term NN 33589 361 9 Gothic Gothic NNP 33589 361 10 , , , 33589 361 11 that that IN 33589 361 12 now now RB 33589 361 13 calls call VBZ 33589 361 14 up up RP 33589 361 15 a a DT 33589 361 16 vision vision NN 33589 361 17 of of IN 33589 361 18 ethereal ethereal JJ 33589 361 19 beauty beauty NN 33589 361 20 , , , 33589 361 21 was be VBD 33589 361 22 , , , 33589 361 23 strange strange JJ 33589 361 24 to to TO 33589 361 25 say say VB 33589 361 26 , , , 33589 361 27 first first RB 33589 361 28 given give VBN 33589 361 29 to to IN 33589 361 30 the the DT 33589 361 31 style style NN 33589 361 32 that that WDT 33589 361 33 grew grow VBD 33589 361 34 out out IN 33589 361 35 of of IN 33589 361 36 the the DT 33589 361 37 Romanesque Romanesque NNP 33589 361 38 by by IN 33589 361 39 the the DT 33589 361 40 artists artist NNS 33589 361 41 of of IN 33589 361 42 the the DT 33589 361 43 Renaissance Renaissance NNP 33589 361 44 as as IN 33589 361 45 an an DT 33589 361 46 expression expression NN 33589 361 47 of of IN 33589 361 48 their -PRON- PRP$ 33589 361 49 contempt contempt NN 33589 361 50 for for IN 33589 361 51 what what WP 33589 361 52 they -PRON- PRP 33589 361 53 looked look VBD 33589 361 54 upon upon IN 33589 361 55 as as IN 33589 361 56 outworn outworn JJ 33589 361 57 methods method NNS 33589 361 58 of of IN 33589 361 59 building building NN 33589 361 60 , , , 33589 361 61 similar similar JJ 33589 361 62 to to IN 33589 361 63 those those DT 33589 361 64 of of IN 33589 361 65 the the DT 33589 361 66 Gothic gothic JJ 33589 361 67 barbarians barbarian NNS 33589 361 68 in in IN 33589 361 69 warfare warfare NN 33589 361 70 . . . 33589 362 1 It -PRON- PRP 33589 362 2 very very RB 33589 362 3 soon soon RB 33589 362 4 , , , 33589 362 5 however however RB 33589 362 6 , , , 33589 362 7 lost lose VBD 33589 362 8 all all DT 33589 362 9 association association NN 33589 362 10 with with IN 33589 362 11 this this DT 33589 362 12 most most RBS 33589 362 13 inappropriate inappropriate JJ 33589 362 14 comparison comparison NN 33589 362 15 , , , 33589 362 16 becoming become VBG 33589 362 17 synonymous synonymous JJ 33589 362 18 with with IN 33589 362 19 all all DT 33589 362 20 that that WDT 33589 362 21 is be VBZ 33589 362 22 most most RBS 33589 362 23 beautiful beautiful JJ 33589 362 24 in in IN 33589 362 25 the the DT 33589 362 26 architecture architecture NN 33589 362 27 of of IN 33589 362 28 the the DT 33589 362 29 period period NN 33589 362 30 to to TO 33589 362 31 which which WDT 33589 362 32 it -PRON- PRP 33589 362 33 is be VBZ 33589 362 34 applied apply VBN 33589 362 35 . . . 33589 363 1 The the DT 33589 363 2 most most RBS 33589 363 3 important important JJ 33589 363 4 characteristics characteristic NNS 33589 363 5 of of IN 33589 363 6 Gothic gothic JJ 33589 363 7 buildings building NNS 33589 363 8 are be VBP 33589 363 9 the the DT 33589 363 10 introduction introduction NN 33589 363 11 , , , 33589 363 12 wherever wherever WRB 33589 363 13 possible possible JJ 33589 363 14 , , , 33589 363 15 of of IN 33589 363 16 vertical vertical JJ 33589 363 17 or or CC 33589 363 18 very very RB 33589 363 19 sharply sharply RB 33589 363 20 pointed point VBD 33589 363 21 details detail NNS 33589 363 22 , , , 33589 363 23 such such JJ 33589 363 24 as as IN 33589 363 25 highly highly RB 33589 363 26 pitched pitch VBN 33589 363 27 roofs roof NNS 33589 363 28 and and CC 33589 363 29 gables gable NNS 33589 363 30 , , , 33589 363 31 spires spire NNS 33589 363 32 and and CC 33589 363 33 pinnacles pinnacle NNS 33589 363 34 , , , 33589 363 35 pointed point VBD 33589 363 36 arches arch NNS 33589 363 37 and and CC 33589 363 38 pointed point VBD 33589 363 39 vaulting vaulting NN 33589 363 40 , , , 33589 363 41 flying fly VBG 33589 363 42 buttresses buttress NNS 33589 363 43 , , , 33589 363 44 that that WDT 33589 363 45 grew grow VBD 33589 363 46 ever ever RB 33589 363 47 slenderer slenderer RBR 33589 363 48 and and CC 33589 363 49 more more RBR 33589 363 50 decorative decorative JJ 33589 363 51 , , , 33589 363 52 leading leading JJ 33589 363 53 downwards downwards RB 33589 363 54 from from IN 33589 363 55 the the DT 33589 363 56 roof roof NN 33589 363 57 , , , 33589 363 58 and and CC 33589 363 59 counteracting counteract VBG 33589 363 60 the the DT 33589 363 61 tremendous tremendous JJ 33589 363 62 thrust thrust NN 33589 363 63 of of IN 33589 363 64 the the DT 33589 363 65 suspended suspend VBN 33589 363 66 vault vault NN 33589 363 67 of of IN 33589 363 68 stone stone NN 33589 363 69 , , , 33589 363 70 all all DT 33589 363 71 of of IN 33589 363 72 true true JJ 33589 363 73 structural structural JJ 33589 363 74 value value NN 33589 363 75 . . . 33589 364 1 To to IN 33589 364 2 these these DT 33589 364 3 must must MD 33589 364 4 be be VB 33589 364 5 added add VBN 33589 364 6 the the DT 33589 364 7 minor minor JJ 33589 364 8 peculiarities peculiarity NNS 33589 364 9 of of IN 33589 364 10 slenderer slenderer NN 33589 364 11 columns column NNS 33589 364 12 than than IN 33589 364 13 those those DT 33589 364 14 of of IN 33589 364 15 Romanesque romanesque JJ 33589 364 16 buildings building NNS 33589 364 17 , , , 33589 364 18 several several JJ 33589 364 19 being be VBG 33589 364 20 often often RB 33589 364 21 clustered cluster VBN 33589 364 22 together together RB 33589 364 23 , , , 33589 364 24 mouldings moulding NNS 33589 364 25 cut cut VBN 33589 364 26 into into IN 33589 364 27 the the DT 33589 364 28 stone stone NN 33589 364 29 of of IN 33589 364 30 the the DT 33589 364 31 capitals capital NNS 33589 364 32 of of IN 33589 364 33 the the DT 33589 364 34 columns column NNS 33589 364 35 , , , 33589 364 36 arcading arcade VBG 33589 364 37 & & CC 33589 364 38 c. c. NNP 33589 364 39 , , , 33589 364 40 instead instead RB 33589 364 41 of of IN 33589 364 42 projecting project VBG 33589 364 43 beyond beyond IN 33589 364 44 the the DT 33589 364 45 surface surface NN 33589 364 46 , , , 33589 364 47 the the DT 33589 364 48 grouping grouping NN 33589 364 49 of of IN 33589 364 50 several several JJ 33589 364 51 windows window NNS 33589 364 52 under under IN 33589 364 53 the the DT 33589 364 54 arch arch NN 33589 364 55 , , , 33589 364 56 and and CC 33589 364 57 the the DT 33589 364 58 increase increase NN 33589 364 59 in in IN 33589 364 60 the the DT 33589 364 61 beauty beauty NN 33589 364 62 of of IN 33589 364 63 their -PRON- PRP$ 33589 364 64 tracery tracery NN 33589 364 65 . . . 33589 365 1 The the DT 33589 365 2 so so RB 33589 365 3 - - HYPH 33589 365 4 called call VBN 33589 365 5 lancet lancet NN 33589 365 6 or or CC 33589 365 7 long long JJ 33589 365 8 narrow narrow JJ 33589 365 9 window window NN 33589 365 10 with with IN 33589 365 11 stilted stilted JJ 33589 365 12 head head NN 33589 365 13 , , , 33589 365 14 pointed point VBD 33589 365 15 like like IN 33589 365 16 an an DT 33589 365 17 arch arch NN 33589 365 18 , , , 33589 365 19 is be VBZ 33589 365 20 specially specially RB 33589 365 21 distinctive distinctive JJ 33589 365 22 of of IN 33589 365 23 Early Early NNP 33589 365 24 Gothic Gothic NNP 33589 365 25 , , , 33589 365 26 and and CC 33589 365 27 was be VBD 33589 365 28 later later RB 33589 365 29 supplemented supplement VBN 33589 365 30 by by IN 33589 365 31 the the DT 33589 365 32 more more RBR 33589 365 33 elaborate elaborate JJ 33589 365 34 rose rise VBD 33589 365 35 window window NN 33589 365 36 , , , 33589 365 37 the the DT 33589 365 38 stained stained JJ 33589 365 39 glass glass NN 33589 365 40 in in IN 33589 365 41 them -PRON- PRP 33589 365 42 , , , 33589 365 43 and and CC 33589 365 44 in in IN 33589 365 45 the the DT 33589 365 46 more more RBR 33589 365 47 complex complex JJ 33589 365 48 groups group NNS 33589 365 49 , , , 33589 365 50 adding add VBG 33589 365 51 greatly greatly RB 33589 365 52 to to IN 33589 365 53 the the DT 33589 365 54 æsthetic æsthetic JJ 33589 365 55 effect effect NN 33589 365 56 of of IN 33589 365 57 the the DT 33589 365 58 whole whole JJ 33589 365 59 building building NN 33589 365 60 , , , 33589 365 61 the the DT 33589 365 62 many many JJ 33589 365 63 coloured coloured JJ 33589 365 64 light light NN 33589 365 65 from from IN 33589 365 66 them -PRON- PRP 33589 365 67 relieving relieve VBG 33589 365 68 the the DT 33589 365 69 monotony monotony NN 33589 365 70 of of IN 33589 365 71 the the DT 33589 365 72 stone stone NN 33589 365 73 work work NN 33589 365 74 . . . 33589 366 1 [ [ -LRB- 33589 366 2 Illustration illustration NN 33589 366 3 : : : 33589 366 4 Gothic Gothic NNP 33589 366 5 Vaulting Vaulting NNP 33589 366 6 ] ] -RRB- 33589 366 7 The the DT 33589 366 8 general general JJ 33589 366 9 appearance appearance NN 33589 366 10 of of IN 33589 366 11 the the DT 33589 366 12 interior interior NN 33589 366 13 of of IN 33589 366 14 a a DT 33589 366 15 Gothic gothic JJ 33589 366 16 cathedral cathedral NN 33589 366 17 , , , 33589 366 18 with with IN 33589 366 19 its -PRON- PRP$ 33589 366 20 long long JJ 33589 366 21 perspective perspective NN 33589 366 22 of of IN 33589 366 23 nave nave NN 33589 366 24 , , , 33589 366 25 aisles aisles NNP 33589 366 26 , , , 33589 366 27 and and CC 33589 366 28 choir choir NNP 33589 366 29 , , , 33589 366 30 its -PRON- PRP$ 33589 366 31 finely finely RB 33589 366 32 proportioned proportion VBD 33589 366 33 triforia triforia NN 33589 366 34 and and CC 33589 366 35 clerestories clerestory NNS 33589 366 36 , , , 33589 366 37 and and CC 33589 366 38 , , , 33589 366 39 above above IN 33589 366 40 all all DT 33589 366 41 , , , 33589 366 42 its -PRON- PRP$ 33589 366 43 graceful graceful JJ 33589 366 44 arches arch NNS 33589 366 45 leading lead VBG 33589 366 46 up up IN 33589 366 47 to to IN 33589 366 48 their -PRON- PRP$ 33589 366 49 points point NNS 33589 366 50 of of IN 33589 366 51 union union NN 33589 366 52 in in IN 33589 366 53 the the DT 33589 366 54 soaring soar VBG 33589 366 55 roof roof NN 33589 366 56 , , , 33589 366 57 may may MD 33589 366 58 justly justly RB 33589 366 59 be be VB 33589 366 60 called call VBN 33589 366 61 a a DT 33589 366 62 poem poem NN 33589 366 63 in in IN 33589 366 64 stone stone NN 33589 366 65 , , , 33589 366 66 whilst whilst IN 33589 366 67 its -PRON- PRP$ 33589 366 68 exterior exterior NN 33589 366 69 is be VBZ 33589 366 70 equally equally RB 33589 366 71 remarkable remarkable JJ 33589 366 72 for for IN 33589 366 73 the the DT 33589 366 74 close close JJ 33589 366 75 correlation correlation NN 33589 366 76 of of IN 33589 366 77 all all DT 33589 366 78 its -PRON- PRP$ 33589 366 79 parts part NNS 33589 366 80 , , , 33589 366 81 producing produce VBG 33589 366 82 an an DT 33589 366 83 impression impression NN 33589 366 84 of of IN 33589 366 85 consistent consistent JJ 33589 366 86 unity unity NN 33589 366 87 of of IN 33589 366 88 design design NN 33589 366 89 . . . 33589 367 1 An an DT 33589 367 2 added add VBN 33589 367 3 charm charm NN 33589 367 4 is be VBZ 33589 367 5 given give VBN 33589 367 6 alike alike RB 33589 367 7 to to IN 33589 367 8 the the DT 33589 367 9 interior interior NNP 33589 367 10 and and CC 33589 367 11 exterior exterior NN 33589 367 12 by by IN 33589 367 13 the the DT 33589 367 14 combined combine VBN 33589 367 15 richness richness NN 33589 367 16 and and CC 33589 367 17 quaintness quaintness NN 33589 367 18 of of IN 33589 367 19 the the DT 33589 367 20 decorative decorative JJ 33589 367 21 sculpture sculpture NN 33589 367 22 , , , 33589 367 23 in in IN 33589 367 24 which which WDT 33589 367 25 is be VBZ 33589 367 26 clearly clearly RB 33589 367 27 illustrated illustrate VBN 33589 367 28 the the DT 33589 367 29 delight delight NN 33589 367 30 in in IN 33589 367 31 symbolism symbolism NN 33589 367 32 of of IN 33589 367 33 the the DT 33589 367 34 mediæval mediæval JJ 33589 367 35 craftsmen craftsman NNS 33589 367 36 , , , 33589 367 37 who who WP 33589 367 38 , , , 33589 367 39 working work VBG 33589 367 40 in in IN 33589 367 41 close close JJ 33589 367 42 accord accord NN 33589 367 43 with with IN 33589 367 44 architect architect NN 33589 367 45 and and CC 33589 367 46 builder builder NN 33589 367 47 , , , 33589 367 48 supplemented supplemented JJ 33589 367 49 effigies effigy NNS 33589 367 50 of of IN 33589 367 51 heroes hero NNS 33589 367 52 and and CC 33589 367 53 heroines heroine NNS 33589 367 54 of of IN 33589 367 55 the the DT 33589 367 56 faith faith NN 33589 367 57 , , , 33589 367 58 royal royal JJ 33589 367 59 patrons patron NNS 33589 367 60 , , , 33589 367 61 & & CC 33589 367 62 c. c. NNP 33589 367 63 , , , 33589 367 64 with with IN 33589 367 65 emblematic emblematic JJ 33589 367 66 animals animal NNS 33589 367 67 , , , 33589 367 68 fruit fruit NN 33589 367 69 , , , 33589 367 70 flowers flower NNS 33589 367 71 , , , 33589 367 72 and and CC 33589 367 73 foliage foliage NN 33589 367 74 , , , 33589 367 75 welding weld VBG 33589 367 76 the the DT 33589 367 77 most most RBS 33589 367 78 incongruous incongruous JJ 33589 367 79 forms form NNS 33589 367 80 into into IN 33589 367 81 an an DT 33589 367 82 elaborate elaborate JJ 33589 367 83 and and CC 33589 367 84 beautiful beautiful JJ 33589 367 85 scheme scheme NN 33589 367 86 of of IN 33589 367 87 ornamentation ornamentation NN 33589 367 88 . . . 33589 368 1 [ [ -LRB- 33589 368 2 Illustration illustration NN 33589 368 3 : : : 33589 368 4 Gargoyle gargoyle NN 33589 368 5 ] ] -RRB- 33589 368 6 It -PRON- PRP 33589 368 7 was be VBD 33589 368 8 in in IN 33589 368 9 Northern Northern NNP 33589 368 10 France France NNP 33589 368 11 that that IN 33589 368 12 the the DT 33589 368 13 Gothic gothic JJ 33589 368 14 style style NN 33589 368 15 was be VBD 33589 368 16 first first RB 33589 368 17 developed develop VBN 33589 368 18 , , , 33589 368 19 and and CC 33589 368 20 there there RB 33589 368 21 , , , 33589 368 22 as as RB 33589 368 23 elsewhere elsewhere RB 33589 368 24 , , , 33589 368 25 it -PRON- PRP 33589 368 26 passed pass VBD 33589 368 27 through through IN 33589 368 28 three three CD 33589 368 29 phases phase NNS 33589 368 30 . . . 33589 369 1 The the DT 33589 369 2 first first JJ 33589 369 3 , , , 33589 369 4 characterised characterise VBN 33589 369 5 by by IN 33589 369 6 comparative comparative JJ 33589 369 7 severity severity NN 33589 369 8 of of IN 33589 369 9 style style NN 33589 369 10 and and CC 33589 369 11 simplicity simplicity NN 33589 369 12 of of IN 33589 369 13 decoration decoration NN 33589 369 14 , , , 33589 369 15 prevailing prevail VBG 33589 369 16 in in IN 33589 369 17 the the DT 33589 369 18 12th 12th JJ 33589 369 19 and and CC 33589 369 20 13th 13th JJ 33589 369 21 centuries century NNS 33589 369 22 ; ; : 33589 369 23 the the DT 33589 369 24 second second JJ 33589 369 25 , , , 33589 369 26 to to TO 33589 369 27 which which WDT 33589 369 28 the the DT 33589 369 29 name name NN 33589 369 30 of of IN 33589 369 31 Rayonnant Rayonnant NNP 33589 369 32 is be VBZ 33589 369 33 sometimes sometimes RB 33589 369 34 given give VBN 33589 369 35 , , , 33589 369 36 on on IN 33589 369 37 account account NN 33589 369 38 of of IN 33589 369 39 the the DT 33589 369 40 ray ray NN 33589 369 41 - - HYPH 33589 369 42 like like JJ 33589 369 43 window window NN 33589 369 44 tracery tracery NN 33589 369 45 , , , 33589 369 46 in in IN 33589 369 47 the the DT 33589 369 48 14th 14th JJ 33589 369 49 ; ; : 33589 369 50 and and CC 33589 369 51 the the DT 33589 369 52 third third JJ 33589 369 53 , , , 33589 369 54 known know VBN 33589 369 55 as as IN 33589 369 56 the the DT 33589 369 57 Flamboyant Flamboyant NNP 33589 369 58 , , , 33589 369 59 because because IN 33589 369 60 of of IN 33589 369 61 the the DT 33589 369 62 flame flame NN 33589 369 63 - - HYPH 33589 369 64 like like JJ 33589 369 65 tracery tracery NN 33589 369 66 and and CC 33589 369 67 general general JJ 33589 369 68 brightness brightness NN 33589 369 69 of of IN 33589 369 70 the the DT 33589 369 71 ornamentation ornamentation NN 33589 369 72 , , , 33589 369 73 in in IN 33589 369 74 the the DT 33589 369 75 15th 15th JJ 33589 369 76 century century NN 33589 369 77 . . . 33589 370 1 [ [ -LRB- 33589 370 2 Illustration illustration NN 33589 370 3 : : : 33589 370 4 Flying Flying NNP 33589 370 5 Buttress Buttress NNP 33589 370 6 ] ] -RRB- 33589 370 7 A a DT 33589 370 8 hint hint NN 33589 370 9 of of IN 33589 370 10 the the DT 33589 370 11 coming come VBG 33589 370 12 change change NN 33589 370 13 was be VBD 33589 370 14 , , , 33589 370 15 as as IN 33589 370 16 has have VBZ 33589 370 17 already already RB 33589 370 18 been be VBN 33589 370 19 shown show VBN 33589 370 20 , , , 33589 370 21 given give VBN 33589 370 22 in in IN 33589 370 23 many many JJ 33589 370 24 a a DT 33589 370 25 Romanesque romanesque JJ 33589 370 26 building building NN 33589 370 27 , , , 33589 370 28 notably notably RB 33589 370 29 , , , 33589 370 30 to to TO 33589 370 31 quote quote VB 33589 370 32 but but CC 33589 370 33 two two CD 33589 370 34 cases case NNS 33589 370 35 in in IN 33589 370 36 point point NN 33589 370 37 , , , 33589 370 38 in in IN 33589 370 39 the the DT 33589 370 40 Cathedral Cathedral NNP 33589 370 41 of of IN 33589 370 42 Evreux Evreux NNP 33589 370 43 , , , 33589 370 44 and and CC 33589 370 45 the the DT 33589 370 46 Church Church NNP 33589 370 47 of of IN 33589 370 48 S. S. NNP 33589 370 49 Etienne Etienne NNP 33589 370 50 , , , 33589 370 51 Beauvais Beauvais NNP 33589 370 52 , , , 33589 370 53 but but CC 33589 370 54 it -PRON- PRP 33589 370 55 was be VBD 33589 370 56 in in IN 33589 370 57 the the DT 33589 370 58 Cathedral Cathedral NNP 33589 370 59 of of IN 33589 370 60 S. S. NNP 33589 370 61 Denis Denis NNP 33589 370 62 , , , 33589 370 63 near near IN 33589 370 64 Paris Paris NNP 33589 370 65 , , , 33589 370 66 founded found VBN 33589 370 67 in in IN 33589 370 68 1140 1140 CD 33589 370 69 , , , 33589 370 70 that that IN 33589 370 71 the the DT 33589 370 72 full full JJ 33589 370 73 significance significance NN 33589 370 74 of of IN 33589 370 75 that that DT 33589 370 76 change change NN 33589 370 77 was be VBD 33589 370 78 revealed reveal VBN 33589 370 79 . . . 33589 371 1 It -PRON- PRP 33589 371 2 retains retain VBZ 33589 371 3 , , , 33589 371 4 it -PRON- PRP 33589 371 5 is be VBZ 33589 371 6 true true JJ 33589 371 7 , , , 33589 371 8 round round JJ 33589 371 9 - - HYPH 33589 371 10 headed head VBN 33589 371 11 arches arch NNS 33589 371 12 above above IN 33589 371 13 some some DT 33589 371 14 of of IN 33589 371 15 its -PRON- PRP$ 33589 371 16 windows window NNS 33589 371 17 and and CC 33589 371 18 a a DT 33589 371 19 few few JJ 33589 371 20 projecting projecting NN 33589 371 21 decorative decorative JJ 33589 371 22 mouldings moulding NNS 33589 371 23 , , , 33589 371 24 but but CC 33589 371 25 in in IN 33589 371 26 other other JJ 33589 371 27 respects respect NNS 33589 371 28 it -PRON- PRP 33589 371 29 is be VBZ 33589 371 30 essentially essentially RB 33589 371 31 Gothic gothic JJ 33589 371 32 , , , 33589 371 33 its -PRON- PRP$ 33589 371 34 double double JJ 33589 371 35 aisles aisle NNS 33589 371 36 foreshadowing foreshadow VBG 33589 371 37 those those DT 33589 371 38 of of IN 33589 371 39 the the DT 33589 371 40 later later JJ 33589 371 41 Notre Notre NNP 33589 371 42 Dame Dame NNP 33589 371 43 of of IN 33589 371 44 Paris Paris NNP 33589 371 45 , , , 33589 371 46 which which WDT 33589 371 47 may may MD 33589 371 48 justly justly RB 33589 371 49 be be VB 33589 371 50 said say VBN 33589 371 51 to to TO 33589 371 52 be be VB 33589 371 53 an an DT 33589 371 54 epitome epitome NN 33589 371 55 of of IN 33589 371 56 the the DT 33589 371 57 development development NN 33589 371 58 of of IN 33589 371 59 the the DT 33589 371 60 pointed pointed JJ 33589 371 61 style style NN 33589 371 62 in in IN 33589 371 63 France France NNP 33589 371 64 . . . 33589 372 1 Specially specially RB 33589 372 2 dear dear JJ 33589 372 3 to to IN 33589 372 4 the the DT 33589 372 5 French french JJ 33589 372 6 nation nation NN 33589 372 7 on on IN 33589 372 8 account account NN 33589 372 9 of of IN 33589 372 10 its -PRON- PRP$ 33589 372 11 intimate intimate JJ 33589 372 12 association association NN 33589 372 13 with with IN 33589 372 14 many many JJ 33589 372 15 thrilling thrilling JJ 33589 372 16 episodes episode NNS 33589 372 17 of of IN 33589 372 18 its -PRON- PRP$ 33589 372 19 history history NN 33589 372 20 , , , 33589 372 21 it -PRON- PRP 33589 372 22 remains remain VBZ 33589 372 23 , , , 33589 372 24 in in IN 33589 372 25 spite spite NN 33589 372 26 of of IN 33589 372 27 all all PDT 33589 372 28 the the DT 33589 372 29 vicissitudes vicissitude NNS 33589 372 30 through through IN 33589 372 31 which which WDT 33589 372 32 it -PRON- PRP 33589 372 33 has have VBZ 33589 372 34 passed pass VBN 33589 372 35 , , , 33589 372 36 so so RB 33589 372 37 far far RB 33589 372 38 as as IN 33589 372 39 its -PRON- PRP$ 33589 372 40 general general JJ 33589 372 41 structure structure NN 33589 372 42 is be VBZ 33589 372 43 concerned concern VBN 33589 372 44 , , , 33589 372 45 very very RB 33589 372 46 much much RB 33589 372 47 what what WP 33589 372 48 it -PRON- PRP 33589 372 49 was be VBD 33589 372 50 when when WRB 33589 372 51 first first RB 33589 372 52 completed complete VBN 33589 372 53 in in IN 33589 372 54 the the DT 33589 372 55 late late JJ 33589 372 56 13th 13th JJ 33589 372 57 century century NN 33589 372 58 . . . 33589 373 1 The the DT 33589 373 2 noble noble JJ 33589 373 3 western western JJ 33589 373 4 façade façade NN 33589 373 5 , , , 33589 373 6 with with IN 33589 373 7 its -PRON- PRP$ 33589 373 8 profuse profuse NN 33589 373 9 and and CC 33589 373 10 ornate ornate JJ 33589 373 11 ornamentation ornamentation NN 33589 373 12 , , , 33589 373 13 and and CC 33589 373 14 the the DT 33589 373 15 fine fine JJ 33589 373 16 square square JJ 33589 373 17 towers tower NNS 33589 373 18 flanking flank VBG 33589 373 19 it -PRON- PRP 33589 373 20 , , , 33589 373 21 each each DT 33589 373 22 pierced pierce VBN 33589 373 23 with with IN 33589 373 24 effective effective JJ 33589 373 25 openings opening NNS 33589 373 26 and and CC 33589 373 27 adorned adorn VBN 33589 373 28 with with IN 33589 373 29 grotesque grotesque JJ 33589 373 30 gargoyles gargoyle NNS 33589 373 31 , , , 33589 373 32 contrast contrast NN 33589 373 33 with with IN 33589 373 34 the the DT 33589 373 35 slender slender NN 33589 373 36 central central JJ 33589 373 37 spire spire NN 33589 373 38 -- -- : 33589 373 39 which which WDT 33589 373 40 , , , 33589 373 41 by by IN 33589 373 42 the the DT 33589 373 43 way way NN 33589 373 44 , , , 33589 373 45 is be VBZ 33589 373 46 modern modern JJ 33589 373 47 -- -- : 33589 373 48 tiers tier NNS 33589 373 49 of of IN 33589 373 50 graceful graceful JJ 33589 373 51 flying flying NN 33589 373 52 buttresses buttress NNS 33589 373 53 , , , 33589 373 54 and and CC 33589 373 55 the the DT 33589 373 56 numerous numerous JJ 33589 373 57 groups group NNS 33589 373 58 of of IN 33589 373 59 pinnacles pinnacle NNS 33589 373 60 , , , 33589 373 61 whilst whilst IN 33589 373 62 the the DT 33589 373 63 long long JJ 33589 373 64 line line NN 33589 373 65 of of IN 33589 373 66 the the DT 33589 373 67 great great JJ 33589 373 68 roof roof NNP 33589 373 69 ridge ridge NN 33589 373 70 brings bring VBZ 33589 373 71 into into IN 33589 373 72 relief relief NN 33589 373 73 the the DT 33589 373 74 comparative comparative JJ 33589 373 75 intricacy intricacy NN 33589 373 76 of of IN 33589 373 77 the the DT 33589 373 78 design design NN 33589 373 79 of of IN 33589 373 80 the the DT 33589 373 81 rest rest NN 33589 373 82 of of IN 33589 373 83 the the DT 33589 373 84 building building NN 33589 373 85 , , , 33589 373 86 especially especially RB 33589 373 87 of of IN 33589 373 88 the the DT 33589 373 89 extremities extremity NNS 33589 373 90 of of IN 33589 373 91 the the DT 33589 373 92 transepts transept NNS 33589 373 93 with with IN 33589 373 94 their -PRON- PRP$ 33589 373 95 fairy fairy NN 33589 373 96 - - HYPH 33589 373 97 like like JJ 33589 373 98 arcading arcading NN 33589 373 99 , , , 33589 373 100 beautiful beautiful JJ 33589 373 101 sculptures sculpture NNS 33589 373 102 , , , 33589 373 103 and and CC 33589 373 104 grand grand NNP 33589 373 105 rose rise VBD 33589 373 106 windows window NNS 33589 373 107 . . . 33589 374 1 The the DT 33589 374 2 most most RBS 33589 374 3 distinctive distinctive JJ 33589 374 4 details detail NNS 33589 374 5 of of IN 33589 374 6 the the DT 33589 374 7 interior interior NN 33589 374 8 of of IN 33589 374 9 Notre Notre NNP 33589 374 10 Dame Dame NNP 33589 374 11 are be VBP 33589 374 12 the the DT 33589 374 13 massive massive JJ 33589 374 14 piers pier NNS 33589 374 15 and and CC 33589 374 16 symmetrical symmetrical JJ 33589 374 17 arches arch NNS 33589 374 18 of of IN 33589 374 19 varying vary VBG 33589 374 20 width width NN 33589 374 21 of of IN 33589 374 22 the the DT 33589 374 23 nave nave NN 33589 374 24 , , , 33589 374 25 the the DT 33589 374 26 simple simple NN 33589 374 27 but but CC 33589 374 28 most most RBS 33589 374 29 effective effective JJ 33589 374 30 vaulting vaulting NN 33589 374 31 of of IN 33589 374 32 it -PRON- PRP 33589 374 33 , , , 33589 374 34 the the DT 33589 374 35 double double JJ 33589 374 36 aisles aisle NNS 33589 374 37 and and CC 33589 374 38 the the DT 33589 374 39 choir choir NN 33589 374 40 ; ; : 33589 374 41 the the DT 33589 374 42 shortness shortness NN 33589 374 43 of of IN 33589 374 44 the the DT 33589 374 45 transepts transept NNS 33589 374 46 , , , 33589 374 47 atoned atone VBN 33589 374 48 for for IN 33589 374 49 by by IN 33589 374 50 the the DT 33589 374 51 unusual unusual JJ 33589 374 52 length length NN 33589 374 53 of of IN 33589 374 54 the the DT 33589 374 55 semicircular semicircular JJ 33589 374 56 apse apse NN 33589 374 57 , , , 33589 374 58 with with IN 33589 374 59 its -PRON- PRP$ 33589 374 60 circlet circlet NN 33589 374 61 of of IN 33589 374 62 chapels chapel NNS 33589 374 63 ; ; : 33589 374 64 the the DT 33589 374 65 combination combination NN 33589 374 66 in in IN 33589 374 67 the the DT 33589 374 68 clerestory clerestory NN 33589 374 69 of of IN 33589 374 70 pointed point VBN 33589 374 71 - - HYPH 33589 374 72 headed head VBN 33589 374 73 and and CC 33589 374 74 rose rise VBD 33589 374 75 windows window NNS 33589 374 76 , , , 33589 374 77 and and CC 33589 374 78 , , , 33589 374 79 above above IN 33589 374 80 all all DT 33589 374 81 , , , 33589 374 82 the the DT 33589 374 83 exquisitely exquisitely RB 33589 374 84 proportioned proportioned JJ 33589 374 85 and and CC 33589 374 86 spacious spacious JJ 33589 374 87 triforium triforium NN 33589 374 88 , , , 33589 374 89 which which WDT 33589 374 90 surmounts surmount VBZ 33589 374 91 the the DT 33589 374 92 whole whole NN 33589 374 93 of of IN 33589 374 94 the the DT 33589 374 95 double double JJ 33589 374 96 aisles aisle NNS 33589 374 97 and and CC 33589 374 98 forms form VBZ 33589 374 99 a a DT 33589 374 100 circular circular JJ 33589 374 101 gallery gallery NN 33589 374 102 with with IN 33589 374 103 arcaded arcade VBN 33589 374 104 openings opening NNS 33589 374 105 , , , 33589 374 106 harmonising harmonise VBG 33589 374 107 alike alike RB 33589 374 108 with with IN 33589 374 109 those those DT 33589 374 110 of of IN 33589 374 111 the the DT 33589 374 112 nave nave NN 33589 374 113 below below RB 33589 374 114 and and CC 33589 374 115 the the DT 33589 374 116 clerestory clerestory NN 33589 374 117 above above RB 33589 374 118 , , , 33589 374 119 and and CC 33589 374 120 a a DT 33589 374 121 stone stone NN 33589 374 122 vault vault NN 33589 374 123 of of IN 33589 374 124 pointed point VBN 33589 374 125 intersecting intersect VBG 33589 374 126 arches arch NNS 33589 374 127 springing spring VBG 33589 374 128 from from IN 33589 374 129 slender slender JJ 33589 374 130 clustered clustered JJ 33589 374 131 columns column NNS 33589 374 132 . . . 33589 375 1 [ [ -LRB- 33589 375 2 Illustration illustration NN 33589 375 3 : : : 33589 375 4 Gothic Gothic NNP 33589 375 5 Arcade Arcade NNP 33589 375 6 ] ] -RRB- 33589 375 7 [ [ -LRB- 33589 375 8 Illustration illustration NN 33589 375 9 : : : 33589 375 10 Gothic Gothic NNP 33589 375 11 Steeple Steeple NNP 33589 375 12 ] ] -RRB- 33589 375 13 Contemporaneous Contemporaneous NNP 33589 375 14 with with IN 33589 375 15 Notre Notre NNP 33589 375 16 Dame Dame NNP 33589 375 17 is be VBZ 33589 375 18 Laon Laon NNP 33589 375 19 Cathedral Cathedral NNP 33589 375 20 , , , 33589 375 21 the the DT 33589 375 22 original original JJ 33589 375 23 and and CC 33589 375 24 characteristic characteristic JJ 33589 375 25 chevet chevet NNS 33589 375 26 of of IN 33589 375 27 which which WDT 33589 375 28 was be VBD 33589 375 29 replaced replace VBN 33589 375 30 in in IN 33589 375 31 the the DT 33589 375 32 early early JJ 33589 375 33 13th 13th JJ 33589 375 34 century century NN 33589 375 35 by by IN 33589 375 36 a a DT 33589 375 37 square square JJ 33589 375 38 termination termination NN 33589 375 39 , , , 33589 375 40 in in IN 33589 375 41 imitation imitation NN 33589 375 42 it -PRON- PRP 33589 375 43 is be VBZ 33589 375 44 supposed suppose VBN 33589 375 45 of of IN 33589 375 46 some some DT 33589 375 47 English english JJ 33589 375 48 church church NN 33589 375 49 , , , 33589 375 50 but but CC 33589 375 51 which which WDT 33589 375 52 otherwise otherwise RB 33589 375 53 resembles resemble VBZ 33589 375 54 the the DT 33589 375 55 Cathedral Cathedral NNP 33589 375 56 of of IN 33589 375 57 Paris Paris NNP 33589 375 58 , , , 33589 375 59 especially especially RB 33589 375 60 in in IN 33589 375 61 its -PRON- PRP$ 33589 375 62 fine fine JJ 33589 375 63 western western JJ 33589 375 64 façade façade NN 33589 375 65 and and CC 33589 375 66 open open JJ 33589 375 67 vaulted vaulted JJ 33589 375 68 triforium triforium NN 33589 375 69 . . . 33589 376 1 In in IN 33589 376 2 the the DT 33589 376 3 Cathedral Cathedral NNP 33589 376 4 of of IN 33589 376 5 Chartres Chartres NNPS 33589 376 6 , , , 33589 376 7 founded found VBN 33589 376 8 in in IN 33589 376 9 the the DT 33589 376 10 12th 12th JJ 33589 376 11 century century NN 33589 376 12 , , , 33589 376 13 but but CC 33589 376 14 practically practically RB 33589 376 15 rebuilt rebuild VBN 33589 376 16 in in IN 33589 376 17 the the DT 33589 376 18 13th 13th NN 33589 376 19 after after IN 33589 376 20 its -PRON- PRP$ 33589 376 21 almost almost RB 33589 376 22 complete complete JJ 33589 376 23 destruction destruction NN 33589 376 24 by by IN 33589 376 25 fire fire NN 33589 376 26 , , , 33589 376 27 the the DT 33589 376 28 further further JJ 33589 376 29 progress progress NN 33589 376 30 of of IN 33589 376 31 the the DT 33589 376 32 style style NN 33589 376 33 may may MD 33589 376 34 be be VB 33589 376 35 studied study VBN 33589 376 36 , , , 33589 376 37 its -PRON- PRP$ 33589 376 38 arches arch NNS 33589 376 39 being be VBG 33589 376 40 more more RBR 33589 376 41 stilted stilted JJ 33589 376 42 and and CC 33589 376 43 its -PRON- PRP$ 33589 376 44 nave nave NN 33589 376 45 and and CC 33589 376 46 choir choir NN 33589 376 47 wider wide JJR 33589 376 48 than than IN 33589 376 49 those those DT 33589 376 50 of of IN 33589 376 51 its -PRON- PRP$ 33589 376 52 predecessors predecessor NNS 33589 376 53 , , , 33589 376 54 whilst whilst IN 33589 376 55 its -PRON- PRP$ 33589 376 56 closed close VBN 33589 376 57 - - HYPH 33589 376 58 in in RP 33589 376 59 triforium triforium NN 33589 376 60 is be VBZ 33589 376 61 significant significant JJ 33589 376 62 of of IN 33589 376 63 the the DT 33589 376 64 ever ever RB 33589 376 65 increasing increase VBG 33589 376 66 height height NN 33589 376 67 of of IN 33589 376 68 the the DT 33589 376 69 roofs roof NNS 33589 376 70 , , , 33589 376 71 necessitating necessitate VBG 33589 376 72 the the DT 33589 376 73 strengthening strengthening NN 33589 376 74 of of IN 33589 376 75 the the DT 33589 376 76 walls wall NNS 33589 376 77 , , , 33589 376 78 a a DT 33589 376 79 change change NN 33589 376 80 that that WDT 33589 376 81 was be VBD 33589 376 82 , , , 33589 376 83 however however RB 33589 376 84 , , , 33589 376 85 quickly quickly RB 33589 376 86 succeeded succeed VBD 33589 376 87 and and CC 33589 376 88 , , , 33589 376 89 to to IN 33589 376 90 a a DT 33589 376 91 great great JJ 33589 376 92 extent extent NN 33589 376 93 , , , 33589 376 94 neutralised neutralise VBN 33589 376 95 by by IN 33589 376 96 the the DT 33589 376 97 piercing piercing NN 33589 376 98 and and CC 33589 376 99 filling fill VBG 33589 376 100 in in RP 33589 376 101 with with IN 33589 376 102 glass glass NN 33589 376 103 of of IN 33589 376 104 the the DT 33589 376 105 wall wall NN 33589 376 106 behind behind IN 33589 376 107 the the DT 33589 376 108 arcading arcading NN 33589 376 109 . . . 33589 377 1 Other other JJ 33589 377 2 characteristics characteristic NNS 33589 377 3 of of IN 33589 377 4 Chartres Chartres NNP 33589 377 5 Cathedral Cathedral NNP 33589 377 6 are be VBP 33589 377 7 the the DT 33589 377 8 noble noble JJ 33589 377 9 sculptures sculpture NNS 33589 377 10 of of IN 33589 377 11 the the DT 33589 377 12 west west NNP 33589 377 13 front front NN 33589 377 14 , , , 33589 377 15 that that WDT 33589 377 16 are be VBP 33589 377 17 not not RB 33589 377 18 only only RB 33589 377 19 among among IN 33589 377 20 the the DT 33589 377 21 finest fine JJS 33589 377 22 but but CC 33589 377 23 the the DT 33589 377 24 least least JJS 33589 377 25 injured injure VBN 33589 377 26 in in IN 33589 377 27 France France NNP 33589 377 28 , , , 33589 377 29 those those DT 33589 377 30 of of IN 33589 377 31 the the DT 33589 377 32 south south JJ 33589 377 33 and and CC 33589 377 34 north north NN 33589 377 35 porches porch NNS 33589 377 36 that that WDT 33589 377 37 are be VBP 33589 377 38 scarcely scarcely RB 33589 377 39 inferior inferior JJ 33589 377 40 , , , 33589 377 41 the the DT 33589 377 42 dignified dignified JJ 33589 377 43 towers tower NNS 33589 377 44 surmounted surmount VBN 33589 377 45 by by IN 33589 377 46 beautiful beautiful JJ 33589 377 47 and and CC 33589 377 48 graceful graceful JJ 33589 377 49 spires spire NNS 33589 377 50 of of IN 33589 377 51 different different JJ 33589 377 52 but but CC 33589 377 53 harmonious harmonious JJ 33589 377 54 designs design NNS 33589 377 55 , , , 33589 377 56 and and CC 33589 377 57 the the DT 33589 377 58 double double JJ 33589 377 59 tier tier NN 33589 377 60 of of IN 33589 377 61 flying fly VBG 33589 377 62 buttresses buttress NNS 33589 377 63 of of IN 33589 377 64 the the DT 33589 377 65 nave nave NN 33589 377 66 . . . 33589 378 1 The the DT 33589 378 2 last last JJ 33589 378 3 named name VBN 33589 378 4 are be VBP 33589 378 5 moreover moreover RB 33589 378 6 of of IN 33589 378 7 unusual unusual JJ 33589 378 8 construction construction NN 33589 378 9 , , , 33589 378 10 each each DT 33589 378 11 consisting consist VBG 33589 378 12 of of IN 33589 378 13 two two CD 33589 378 14 parts part NNS 33589 378 15 , , , 33589 378 16 the the DT 33589 378 17 upper upper JJ 33589 378 18 strengthened strengthen VBN 33589 378 19 by by IN 33589 378 20 an an DT 33589 378 21 arcade arcade NN 33589 378 22 with with IN 33589 378 23 round round RB 33589 378 24 - - HYPH 33589 378 25 headed head VBN 33589 378 26 arches arch NNS 33589 378 27 , , , 33589 378 28 springing spring VBG 33589 378 29 from from IN 33589 378 30 massive massive JJ 33589 378 31 stunted stunted JJ 33589 378 32 piers pier NNS 33589 378 33 , , , 33589 378 34 that that WDT 33589 378 35 seem seem VBP 33589 378 36 to to TO 33589 378 37 connect connect VB 33589 378 38 the the DT 33589 378 39 advanced advanced JJ 33589 378 40 Gothic Gothic NNP 33589 378 41 of of IN 33589 378 42 the the DT 33589 378 43 rest rest NN 33589 378 44 of of IN 33589 378 45 the the DT 33589 378 46 building building NN 33589 378 47 , , , 33589 378 48 with with IN 33589 378 49 the the DT 33589 378 50 late late JJ 33589 378 51 Romanesque romanesque JJ 33589 378 52 style style NN 33589 378 53 . . . 33589 379 1 The the DT 33589 379 2 Cathedral Cathedral NNP 33589 379 3 of of IN 33589 379 4 Rheims Rheims NNP 33589 379 5 is be VBZ 33589 379 6 another another DT 33589 379 7 typical typical JJ 33589 379 8 Gothic Gothic NNP 33589 379 9 building building NN 33589 379 10 with with IN 33589 379 11 a a DT 33589 379 12 western western JJ 33589 379 13 façade façade NN 33589 379 14 , , , 33589 379 15 the the DT 33589 379 16 deeply deeply RB 33589 379 17 recessed recess VBN 33589 379 18 central central JJ 33589 379 19 portal portal NN 33589 379 20 of of IN 33589 379 21 which which WDT 33589 379 22 is be VBZ 33589 379 23 especially especially RB 33589 379 24 fine fine JJ 33589 379 25 , , , 33589 379 26 resembling resemble VBG 33589 379 27 those those DT 33589 379 28 of of IN 33589 379 29 Notre Notre NNP 33589 379 30 Dame Dame NNP 33589 379 31 , , , 33589 379 32 Laon Laon NNP 33589 379 33 , , , 33589 379 34 and and CC 33589 379 35 Chartres Chartres NNP 33589 379 36 ; ; : 33589 379 37 a a DT 33589 379 38 remarkably remarkably RB 33589 379 39 effective effective JJ 33589 379 40 central central JJ 33589 379 41 tower tower NN 33589 379 42 that that WDT 33589 379 43 rises rise VBZ 33589 379 44 nearly nearly RB 33589 379 45 sixty sixty CD 33589 379 46 feet foot NNS 33589 379 47 above above IN 33589 379 48 the the DT 33589 379 49 high high RB 33589 379 50 - - HYPH 33589 379 51 pitched pitch VBN 33589 379 52 roof roof NN 33589 379 53 ; ; : 33589 379 54 a a DT 33589 379 55 well well RB 33589 379 56 - - HYPH 33589 379 57 developed develop VBN 33589 379 58 chevet chevet NNS 33589 379 59 , , , 33589 379 60 a a DT 33589 379 61 walled wall VBN 33589 379 62 - - HYPH 33589 379 63 in in RP 33589 379 64 triforium triforium NN 33589 379 65 similar similar JJ 33589 379 66 to to IN 33589 379 67 that that DT 33589 379 68 of of IN 33589 379 69 Chartres Chartres NNP 33589 379 70 , , , 33589 379 71 a a DT 33589 379 72 noble noble JJ 33589 379 73 series series NN 33589 379 74 of of IN 33589 379 75 clerestory clerestory NNP 33589 379 76 and and CC 33589 379 77 several several JJ 33589 379 78 grand grand JJ 33589 379 79 rose rise VBD 33589 379 80 windows window NNS 33589 379 81 filled fill VBN 33589 379 82 with with IN 33589 379 83 very very RB 33589 379 84 beautiful beautiful JJ 33589 379 85 stained stained JJ 33589 379 86 glass glass NN 33589 379 87 . . . 33589 380 1 [ [ -LRB- 33589 380 2 Illustration illustration NN 33589 380 3 : : : 33589 380 4 Gothic Gothic NNP 33589 380 5 Clustered Clustered NNP 33589 380 6 Column Column NNP 33589 380 7 ] ] -RRB- 33589 380 8 In in IN 33589 380 9 the the DT 33589 380 10 Cathedral Cathedral NNP 33589 380 11 of of IN 33589 380 12 Amiens Amiens NNP 33589 380 13 French french JJ 33589 380 14 Gothic Gothic NNP 33589 380 15 architecture architecture NN 33589 380 16 touched touch VBD 33589 380 17 its -PRON- PRP$ 33589 380 18 highest high JJS 33589 380 19 point point NN 33589 380 20 of of IN 33589 380 21 excellence excellence NN 33589 380 22 , , , 33589 380 23 before before IN 33589 380 24 the the DT 33589 380 25 over over JJ 33589 380 26 exaggeration exaggeration NN 33589 380 27 of of IN 33589 380 28 its -PRON- PRP$ 33589 380 29 distinctive distinctive JJ 33589 380 30 peculiarities peculiarity NNS 33589 380 31 sounded sound VBD 33589 380 32 the the DT 33589 380 33 note note NN 33589 380 34 of of IN 33589 380 35 decadence decadence NN 33589 380 36 . . . 33589 381 1 Begun begin VBN 33589 381 2 in in IN 33589 381 3 1220 1220 CD 33589 381 4 , , , 33589 381 5 when when WRB 33589 381 6 all all PDT 33589 381 7 the the DT 33589 381 8 structural structural JJ 33589 381 9 problems problem NNS 33589 381 10 of of IN 33589 381 11 the the DT 33589 381 12 pointed pointed JJ 33589 381 13 style style NN 33589 381 14 had have VBD 33589 381 15 been be VBN 33589 381 16 finally finally RB 33589 381 17 solved solve VBN 33589 381 18 , , , 33589 381 19 it -PRON- PRP 33589 381 20 was be VBD 33589 381 21 completed complete VBN 33589 381 22 in in IN 33589 381 23 1272 1272 CD 33589 381 24 , , , 33589 381 25 and and CC 33589 381 26 although although IN 33589 381 27 it -PRON- PRP 33589 381 28 has have VBZ 33589 381 29 more more JJR 33589 381 30 than than IN 33589 381 31 once once RB 33589 381 32 been be VBN 33589 381 33 seriously seriously RB 33589 381 34 injured injure VBN 33589 381 35 by by IN 33589 381 36 fire fire NN 33589 381 37 , , , 33589 381 38 it -PRON- PRP 33589 381 39 has have VBZ 33589 381 40 been be VBN 33589 381 41 so so RB 33589 381 42 successfully successfully RB 33589 381 43 restored restore VBN 33589 381 44 that that IN 33589 381 45 it -PRON- PRP 33589 381 46 still still RB 33589 381 47 remains remain VBZ 33589 381 48 one one CD 33589 381 49 of of IN 33589 381 50 the the DT 33589 381 51 noblest noble JJS 33589 381 52 churches church NNS 33589 381 53 of of IN 33589 381 54 Europe Europe NNP 33589 381 55 , , , 33589 381 56 the the DT 33589 381 57 one one CD 33589 381 58 thing thing NN 33589 381 59 detracting detract VBG 33589 381 60 from from IN 33589 381 61 the the DT 33589 381 62 solemn solemn JJ 33589 381 63 beauty beauty NN 33589 381 64 of of IN 33589 381 65 its -PRON- PRP$ 33589 381 66 general general JJ 33589 381 67 external external JJ 33589 381 68 appearance appearance NN 33589 381 69 being be VBG 33589 381 70 the the DT 33589 381 71 later later RB 33589 381 72 Flamboyant flamboyant JJ 33589 381 73 spire spire NN 33589 381 74 , , , 33589 381 75 that that DT 33589 381 76 is be VBZ 33589 381 77 quite quite RB 33589 381 78 out out IN 33589 381 79 of of IN 33589 381 80 character character NN 33589 381 81 with with IN 33589 381 82 the the DT 33589 381 83 rest rest NN 33589 381 84 of of IN 33589 381 85 the the DT 33589 381 86 building building NN 33589 381 87 . . . 33589 382 1 Its -PRON- PRP$ 33589 382 2 great great JJ 33589 382 3 height height NN 33589 382 4 and and CC 33589 382 5 breadth breadth NN 33589 382 6 ; ; : 33589 382 7 the the DT 33589 382 8 symmetry symmetry NN 33589 382 9 of of IN 33589 382 10 its -PRON- PRP$ 33589 382 11 proportions proportion NNS 33589 382 12 ; ; : 33589 382 13 the the DT 33589 382 14 dignified dignified JJ 33589 382 15 simplicity simplicity NN 33589 382 16 of of IN 33589 382 17 its -PRON- PRP$ 33589 382 18 vaulting vaulting NN 33589 382 19 , , , 33589 382 20 which which WDT 33589 382 21 in in IN 33589 382 22 nave nave NNP 33589 382 23 , , , 33589 382 24 aisles aisle NNS 33589 382 25 and and CC 33589 382 26 transepts transept NNS 33589 382 27 , , , 33589 382 28 chevet chevet NNS 33589 382 29 chapels chapel NNS 33589 382 30 and and CC 33589 382 31 ambulatory ambulatory NN 33589 382 32 is be VBZ 33589 382 33 of of IN 33589 382 34 similar similar JJ 33589 382 35 design design NN 33589 382 36 , , , 33589 382 37 the the DT 33589 382 38 centre centre NN 33589 382 39 from from IN 33589 382 40 which which WDT 33589 382 41 the the DT 33589 382 42 ribs rib NNS 33589 382 43 radiate radiate VBP 33589 382 44 being be VBG 33589 382 45 in in IN 33589 382 46 every every DT 33589 382 47 case case NN 33589 382 48 so so RB 33589 382 49 situated situate VBD 33589 382 50 that that IN 33589 382 51 these these DT 33589 382 52 ribs rib NNS 33589 382 53 are be VBP 33589 382 54 all all DT 33589 382 55 of of IN 33589 382 56 equal equal JJ 33589 382 57 length length NN 33589 382 58 ; ; : 33589 382 59 the the DT 33589 382 60 grand grand JJ 33589 382 61 sculptures sculpture NNS 33589 382 62 and and CC 33589 382 63 fine fine JJ 33589 382 64 arcading arcading NN 33589 382 65 of of IN 33589 382 66 the the DT 33589 382 67 great great NNP 33589 382 68 west west NNP 33589 382 69 front front NN 33589 382 70 , , , 33589 382 71 the the DT 33589 382 72 towers tower NNS 33589 382 73 of of IN 33589 382 74 which which WDT 33589 382 75 , , , 33589 382 76 though though IN 33589 382 77 they -PRON- PRP 33589 382 78 differ differ VBP 33589 382 79 in in IN 33589 382 80 detail detail NN 33589 382 81 , , , 33589 382 82 harmonise harmonise VBP 33589 382 83 well well RB 33589 382 84 with with IN 33589 382 85 each each DT 33589 382 86 other other JJ 33589 382 87 ; ; : 33589 382 88 the the DT 33589 382 89 exquisite exquisite JJ 33589 382 90 statues statue NNS 33589 382 91 and and CC 33589 382 92 bas bas NN 33589 382 93 - - HYPH 33589 382 94 reliefs relief NNS 33589 382 95 of of IN 33589 382 96 the the DT 33589 382 97 transept transept JJ 33589 382 98 portals portal NNS 33589 382 99 ; ; : 33589 382 100 the the DT 33589 382 101 combined combine VBN 33589 382 102 strength strength NN 33589 382 103 and and CC 33589 382 104 grace grace NN 33589 382 105 of of IN 33589 382 106 the the DT 33589 382 107 many many JJ 33589 382 108 flying fly VBG 33589 382 109 buttresses buttress NNS 33589 382 110 ; ; : 33589 382 111 the the DT 33589 382 112 admirable admirable JJ 33589 382 113 system system NN 33589 382 114 of of IN 33589 382 115 lighting lighting NN 33589 382 116 , , , 33589 382 117 windows window NNS 33589 382 118 occupying occupy VBG 33589 382 119 the the DT 33589 382 120 whole whole NN 33589 382 121 of of IN 33589 382 122 the the DT 33589 382 123 space space NN 33589 382 124 between between IN 33589 382 125 the the DT 33589 382 126 main main JJ 33589 382 127 arcades arcade NNS 33589 382 128 of of IN 33589 382 129 the the DT 33589 382 130 nave nave NN 33589 382 131 and and CC 33589 382 132 the the DT 33589 382 133 roof roof NN 33589 382 134 ; ; : 33589 382 135 the the DT 33589 382 136 beautiful beautiful JJ 33589 382 137 and and CC 33589 382 138 varied varied JJ 33589 382 139 effects effect NNS 33589 382 140 of of IN 33589 382 141 perspective perspective NN 33589 382 142 from from IN 33589 382 143 many many JJ 33589 382 144 different different JJ 33589 382 145 points point NNS 33589 382 146 of of IN 33589 382 147 view view NN 33589 382 148 in in IN 33589 382 149 the the DT 33589 382 150 interior interior NN 33589 382 151 ; ; : 33589 382 152 with with IN 33589 382 153 the the DT 33589 382 154 minor minor JJ 33589 382 155 detail detail NN 33589 382 156 of of IN 33589 382 157 the the DT 33589 382 158 marvellous marvellous JJ 33589 382 159 carvings carving NNS 33589 382 160 in in IN 33589 382 161 the the DT 33589 382 162 choir choir NN 33589 382 163 , , , 33589 382 164 justify justify VB 33589 382 165 the the DT 33589 382 166 claim claim NN 33589 382 167 that that IN 33589 382 168 Amiens Amiens NNP 33589 382 169 Cathedral Cathedral NNP 33589 382 170 is be VBZ 33589 382 171 the the DT 33589 382 172 crowning crowning JJ 33589 382 173 glory glory NN 33589 382 174 of of IN 33589 382 175 Gothic Gothic NNP 33589 382 176 architecture architecture NN 33589 382 177 and and CC 33589 382 178 an an DT 33589 382 179 ample ample JJ 33589 382 180 vindication vindication NN 33589 382 181 of of IN 33589 382 182 its -PRON- PRP$ 33589 382 183 principles principle NNS 33589 382 184 . . . 33589 383 1 In in IN 33589 383 2 the the DT 33589 383 3 contemporaneous contemporaneous JJ 33589 383 4 Beauvais Beauvais NNP 33589 383 5 Cathedral Cathedral NNP 33589 383 6 , , , 33589 383 7 that that WDT 33589 383 8 was be VBD 33589 383 9 intended intend VBN 33589 383 10 to to TO 33589 383 11 rival rival VB 33589 383 12 that that DT 33589 383 13 of of IN 33589 383 14 Amiens amien NNS 33589 383 15 in in IN 33589 383 16 its -PRON- PRP$ 33589 383 17 height height NN 33589 383 18 and and CC 33589 383 19 in in IN 33589 383 20 the the DT 33589 383 21 ethereal ethereal JJ 33589 383 22 lightness lightness NN 33589 383 23 of of IN 33589 383 24 its -PRON- PRP$ 33589 383 25 stilted stilted JJ 33589 383 26 arches arch NNS 33589 383 27 , , , 33589 383 28 a a DT 33589 383 29 convincing convincing JJ 33589 383 30 proof proof NN 33589 383 31 was be VBD 33589 383 32 given give VBN 33589 383 33 of of IN 33589 383 34 the the DT 33589 383 35 danger danger NN 33589 383 36 of of IN 33589 383 37 carrying carry VBG 33589 383 38 those those DT 33589 383 39 principles principle NNS 33589 383 40 too too RB 33589 383 41 far far RB 33589 383 42 , , , 33589 383 43 for for IN 33589 383 44 the the DT 33589 383 45 vaulting vaulting NN 33589 383 46 of of IN 33589 383 47 the the DT 33589 383 48 choir choir NN 33589 383 49 collapsed collapse VBD 33589 383 50 before before IN 33589 383 51 the the DT 33589 383 52 completion completion NN 33589 383 53 of of IN 33589 383 54 the the DT 33589 383 55 building building NN 33589 383 56 , , , 33589 383 57 which which WDT 33589 383 58 , , , 33589 383 59 though though IN 33589 383 60 it -PRON- PRP 33589 383 61 was be VBD 33589 383 62 restored restore VBN 33589 383 63 and and CC 33589 383 64 added add VBN 33589 383 65 to to IN 33589 383 66 later later RB 33589 383 67 , , , 33589 383 68 still still RB 33589 383 69 remains remain VBZ 33589 383 70 unfinished unfinished JJ 33589 383 71 . . . 33589 384 1 With with IN 33589 384 2 it -PRON- PRP 33589 384 3 may may MD 33589 384 4 be be VB 33589 384 5 mentioned mention VBN 33589 384 6 the the DT 33589 384 7 Sainte Sainte NNP 33589 384 8 Chapelle Chapelle NNP 33589 384 9 of of IN 33589 384 10 Paris Paris NNP 33589 384 11 , , , 33589 384 12 the the DT 33589 384 13 window window NN 33589 384 14 tracery tracery NN 33589 384 15 in in IN 33589 384 16 which which WDT 33589 384 17 is be VBZ 33589 384 18 very very RB 33589 384 19 fine fine JJ 33589 384 20 ; ; : 33589 384 21 the the DT 33589 384 22 Cathedral Cathedral NNP 33589 384 23 of of IN 33589 384 24 Coutances Coutances NNPS 33589 384 25 , , , 33589 384 26 which which WDT 33589 384 27 has have VBZ 33589 384 28 a a DT 33589 384 29 very very RB 33589 384 30 fine fine JJ 33589 384 31 central central JJ 33589 384 32 lantern lantern NN 33589 384 33 tower tower NNP 33589 384 34 -- -- : 33589 384 35 that that DT 33589 384 36 is be VBZ 33589 384 37 to to TO 33589 384 38 say say VB 33589 384 39 , , , 33589 384 40 one one CD 33589 384 41 with with IN 33589 384 42 windows window NNS 33589 384 43 that that WDT 33589 384 44 throw throw VBP 33589 384 45 a a DT 33589 384 46 light light NN 33589 384 47 upon upon IN 33589 384 48 the the DT 33589 384 49 centre centre NN 33589 384 50 of of IN 33589 384 51 the the DT 33589 384 52 interior interior NN 33589 384 53 of of IN 33589 384 54 a a DT 33589 384 55 building building NN 33589 384 56 -- -- : 33589 384 57 and and CC 33589 384 58 a a DT 33589 384 59 beautiful beautiful JJ 33589 384 60 tapering tapering JJ 33589 384 61 spire spire NN 33589 384 62 ; ; : 33589 384 63 and and CC 33589 384 64 the the DT 33589 384 65 Cathedral Cathedral NNP 33589 384 66 of of IN 33589 384 67 Lisieux Lisieux NNP 33589 384 68 , , , 33589 384 69 with with IN 33589 384 70 a a DT 33589 384 71 very very RB 33589 384 72 characteristic characteristic JJ 33589 384 73 chevet chevet NNS 33589 384 74 and and CC 33589 384 75 vaulting vaulting NN 33589 384 76 resembling resembling NN 33589 384 77 that that DT 33589 384 78 of of IN 33589 384 79 the the DT 33589 384 80 Cathedral Cathedral NNP 33589 384 81 of of IN 33589 384 82 Amiens Amiens NNP 33589 384 83 . . . 33589 385 1 The the DT 33589 385 2 Cathedral Cathedral NNP 33589 385 3 of of IN 33589 385 4 Le Le NNP 33589 385 5 Mans Mans NNPS 33589 385 6 , , , 33589 385 7 already already RB 33589 385 8 referred refer VBD 33589 385 9 to to IN 33589 385 10 in in IN 33589 385 11 connection connection NN 33589 385 12 with with IN 33589 385 13 its -PRON- PRP$ 33589 385 14 noble noble JJ 33589 385 15 Romanesque romanesque JJ 33589 385 16 nave nave NN 33589 385 17 , , , 33589 385 18 has have VBZ 33589 385 19 a a DT 33589 385 20 most most RBS 33589 385 21 beautiful beautiful JJ 33589 385 22 late late JJ 33589 385 23 13th 13th JJ 33589 385 24 century century NN 33589 385 25 Gothic gothic JJ 33589 385 26 choir choir NN 33589 385 27 , , , 33589 385 28 with with IN 33589 385 29 one one CD 33589 385 30 of of IN 33589 385 31 the the DT 33589 385 32 finest fine JJS 33589 385 33 chevets chevet NNS 33589 385 34 in in IN 33589 385 35 France France NNP 33589 385 36 . . . 33589 386 1 The the DT 33589 386 2 aisles aisle NNS 33589 386 3 , , , 33589 386 4 that that IN 33589 386 5 at at IN 33589 386 6 the the DT 33589 386 7 western western JJ 33589 386 8 end end NN 33589 386 9 of of IN 33589 386 10 the the DT 33589 386 11 building building NN 33589 386 12 are be VBP 33589 386 13 single single JJ 33589 386 14 , , , 33589 386 15 develop develop VBP 33589 386 16 at at IN 33589 386 17 the the DT 33589 386 18 transepts transept NNS 33589 386 19 into into IN 33589 386 20 a a DT 33589 386 21 double double JJ 33589 386 22 circlet circlet NN 33589 386 23 , , , 33589 386 24 with with IN 33589 386 25 chapels chapel NNS 33589 386 26 radiating radiate VBG 33589 386 27 from from IN 33589 386 28 them -PRON- PRP 33589 386 29 , , , 33589 386 30 whilst whilst IN 33589 386 31 the the DT 33589 386 32 choir choir NN 33589 386 33 has have VBZ 33589 386 34 exceptionally exceptionally RB 33589 386 35 fine fine JJ 33589 386 36 13th 13th NN 33589 386 37 and and CC 33589 386 38 14th 14th JJ 33589 386 39 century century NN 33589 386 40 stained stain VBN 33589 386 41 glass glass NN 33589 386 42 windows window NNS 33589 386 43 . . . 33589 387 1 The the DT 33589 387 2 general general JJ 33589 387 3 effect effect NN 33589 387 4 of of IN 33589 387 5 the the DT 33589 387 6 interior interior NN 33589 387 7 , , , 33589 387 8 in in IN 33589 387 9 which which WDT 33589 387 10 the the DT 33589 387 11 solemn solemn JJ 33589 387 12 dignity dignity NN 33589 387 13 of of IN 33589 387 14 the the DT 33589 387 15 nave nave NN 33589 387 16 contrasts contrast VBZ 33589 387 17 with with IN 33589 387 18 the the DT 33589 387 19 almost almost RB 33589 387 20 ethereal ethereal JJ 33589 387 21 beauty beauty NN 33589 387 22 of of IN 33589 387 23 the the DT 33589 387 24 choir choir NN 33589 387 25 and and CC 33589 387 26 its -PRON- PRP$ 33589 387 27 surroundings surrounding NNS 33589 387 28 , , , 33589 387 29 is be VBZ 33589 387 30 most most RBS 33589 387 31 impressive impressive JJ 33589 387 32 , , , 33589 387 33 whilst whilst IN 33589 387 34 the the DT 33589 387 35 exterior exterior NN 33589 387 36 with with IN 33589 387 37 its -PRON- PRP$ 33589 387 38 graceful graceful JJ 33589 387 39 flying flying NN 33589 387 40 buttresses buttress NNS 33589 387 41 and and CC 33589 387 42 pinnacles pinnacle NNS 33589 387 43 is be VBZ 33589 387 44 equally equally RB 33589 387 45 fine fine JJ 33589 387 46 . . . 33589 388 1 The the DT 33589 388 2 Cathedral Cathedral NNP 33589 388 3 of of IN 33589 388 4 Bourges Bourges NNP 33589 388 5 is be VBZ 33589 388 6 another another DT 33589 388 7 typical typical JJ 33589 388 8 13th 13th JJ 33589 388 9 century century NN 33589 388 10 Gothic gothic JJ 33589 388 11 building building NN 33589 388 12 which which WDT 33589 388 13 , , , 33589 388 14 though though IN 33589 388 15 it -PRON- PRP 33589 388 16 is be VBZ 33589 388 17 without without IN 33589 388 18 the the DT 33589 388 19 usual usual JJ 33589 388 20 transepts transept NNS 33589 388 21 , , , 33589 388 22 has have VBZ 33589 388 23 a a DT 33589 388 24 beautiful beautiful JJ 33589 388 25 apse apse NN 33589 388 26 , , , 33589 388 27 the the DT 33589 388 28 ambulatories ambulatory NNS 33589 388 29 of of IN 33589 388 30 which which WDT 33589 388 31 have have VBP 33589 388 32 unusually unusually RB 33589 388 33 wide wide JJ 33589 388 34 spaces space NNS 33589 388 35 between between IN 33589 388 36 the the DT 33589 388 37 columns column NNS 33589 388 38 , , , 33589 388 39 double double JJ 33589 388 40 aisles aisle NNS 33589 388 41 flanking flank VBG 33589 388 42 the the DT 33589 388 43 nave nave NN 33589 388 44 as as RB 33589 388 45 well well RB 33589 388 46 as as IN 33589 388 47 the the DT 33589 388 48 choir choir NN 33589 388 49 and and CC 33589 388 50 chevet chevet NNS 33589 388 51 , , , 33589 388 52 producing produce VBG 33589 388 53 a a DT 33589 388 54 unique unique JJ 33589 388 55 impression impression NN 33589 388 56 of of IN 33589 388 57 vastness vastness NN 33589 388 58 , , , 33589 388 59 whilst whilst IN 33589 388 60 the the DT 33589 388 61 exterior exterior NN 33589 388 62 is be VBZ 33589 388 63 equally equally RB 33589 388 64 effective effective JJ 33589 388 65 with with IN 33589 388 66 its -PRON- PRP$ 33589 388 67 five five CD 33589 388 68 grand grand JJ 33589 388 69 western western JJ 33589 388 70 portals portal NNS 33589 388 71 , , , 33589 388 72 a a DT 33589 388 73 long long JJ 33589 388 74 main main JJ 33589 388 75 roof roof NN 33589 388 76 unbroken unbroken VBN 33589 388 77 by by IN 33589 388 78 towers tower NNS 33589 388 79 or or CC 33589 388 80 spires spire NNS 33589 388 81 , , , 33589 388 82 and and CC 33589 388 83 a a DT 33589 388 84 series series NN 33589 388 85 of of IN 33589 388 86 steeply steeply RB 33589 388 87 pitched pitch VBD 33589 388 88 supplementary supplementary JJ 33589 388 89 roofs roof NNS 33589 388 90 above above IN 33589 388 91 the the DT 33589 388 92 chapels chapel NNS 33589 388 93 of of IN 33589 388 94 the the DT 33589 388 95 eastern eastern JJ 33589 388 96 end end NN 33589 388 97 . . . 33589 389 1 Dating date VBG 33589 389 2 from from IN 33589 389 3 the the DT 33589 389 4 same same JJ 33589 389 5 period period NN 33589 389 6 as as IN 33589 389 7 the the DT 33589 389 8 cathedrals cathedral NNS 33589 389 9 just just RB 33589 389 10 noticed notice VBD 33589 389 11 is be VBZ 33589 389 12 the the DT 33589 389 13 fortified fortify VBN 33589 389 14 Abbey Abbey NNP 33589 389 15 of of IN 33589 389 16 Mont Mont NNP 33589 389 17 St. St. NNP 33589 389 18 Michel Michel NNP 33589 389 19 , , , 33589 389 20 that that WDT 33589 389 21 has have VBZ 33589 389 22 been be VBN 33589 389 23 again again RB 33589 389 24 and and CC 33589 389 25 again again RB 33589 389 26 rebuilt rebuild VBD 33589 389 27 , , , 33589 389 28 and and CC 33589 389 29 in in IN 33589 389 30 which which WDT 33589 389 31 the the DT 33589 389 32 gradual gradual JJ 33589 389 33 evolution evolution NN 33589 389 34 of of IN 33589 389 35 the the DT 33589 389 36 Gothic gothic JJ 33589 389 37 style style NN 33589 389 38 in in IN 33589 389 39 France France NNP 33589 389 40 can can MD 33589 389 41 be be VB 33589 389 42 well well RB 33589 389 43 studied studied JJ 33589 389 44 , , , 33589 389 45 especially especially RB 33589 389 46 in in IN 33589 389 47 the the DT 33589 389 48 lovely lovely JJ 33589 389 49 chapel chapel NN 33589 389 50 justly justly RB 33589 389 51 called call VBD 33589 389 52 the the DT 33589 389 53 Merveille Merveille NNP 33589 389 54 or or CC 33589 389 55 the the DT 33589 389 56 Marvel Marvel NNP 33589 389 57 , , , 33589 389 58 that that IN 33589 389 59 , , , 33589 389 60 with with IN 33589 389 61 its -PRON- PRP$ 33589 389 62 cloisters cloister NNS 33589 389 63 , , , 33589 389 64 is be VBZ 33589 389 65 still still RB 33589 389 66 much much JJ 33589 389 67 what what WP 33589 389 68 it -PRON- PRP 33589 389 69 was be VBD 33589 389 70 when when WRB 33589 389 71 finished finish VBN 33589 389 72 in in IN 33589 389 73 1228 1228 CD 33589 389 74 , , , 33589 389 75 whilst whilst IN 33589 389 76 the the DT 33589 389 77 Chatelet Chatelet NNP 33589 389 78 or or CC 33589 389 79 Gate Gate NNP 33589 389 80 - - HYPH 33589 389 81 house house NNP 33589 389 82 , , , 33589 389 83 with with IN 33589 389 84 its -PRON- PRP$ 33589 389 85 massive massive JJ 33589 389 86 round round JJ 33589 389 87 towers tower NNS 33589 389 88 and and CC 33589 389 89 the the DT 33589 389 90 various various JJ 33589 389 91 abbatial abbatial JJ 33589 389 92 buildings building NNS 33589 389 93 , , , 33589 389 94 such such JJ 33589 389 95 as as IN 33589 389 96 the the DT 33589 389 97 Salle Salle NNP 33589 389 98 des des FW 33589 389 99 Hôtes Hôtes NNP 33589 389 100 or or CC 33589 389 101 Guest Guest NNP 33589 389 102 - - HYPH 33589 389 103 Hall Hall NNP 33589 389 104 , , , 33589 389 105 are be VBP 33589 389 106 equally equally RB 33589 389 107 characteristic characteristic JJ 33589 389 108 of of IN 33589 389 109 French french JJ 33589 389 110 domestic domestic JJ 33589 389 111 architecture architecture NN 33589 389 112 of of IN 33589 389 113 the the DT 33589 389 114 same same JJ 33589 389 115 period period NN 33589 389 116 . . . 33589 390 1 On on IN 33589 390 2 the the DT 33589 390 3 other other JJ 33589 390 4 hand hand NN 33589 390 5 the the DT 33589 390 6 Abbey Abbey NNP 33589 390 7 Church Church NNP 33589 390 8 , , , 33589 390 9 that that WDT 33589 390 10 crowns crown VBZ 33589 390 11 the the DT 33589 390 12 mount mount NNP 33589 390 13 , , , 33589 390 14 has have VBZ 33589 390 15 been be VBN 33589 390 16 so so RB 33589 390 17 much much RB 33589 390 18 - - HYPH 33589 390 19 restored restore VBN 33589 390 20 and and CC 33589 390 21 modified modify VBD 33589 390 22 that that IN 33589 390 23 little little JJ 33589 390 24 of of IN 33589 390 25 the the DT 33589 390 26 original original JJ 33589 390 27 structure structure NN 33589 390 28 remains remain VBZ 33589 390 29 , , , 33589 390 30 except except IN 33589 390 31 the the DT 33589 390 32 crypt crypt NNP 33589 390 33 which which WDT 33589 390 34 , , , 33589 390 35 with with IN 33589 390 36 its -PRON- PRP$ 33589 390 37 massive massive JJ 33589 390 38 piers pier NNS 33589 390 39 and and CC 33589 390 40 arches arch NNS 33589 390 41 and and CC 33589 390 42 many many JJ 33589 390 43 supplementary supplementary JJ 33589 390 44 chapels chapel NNS 33589 390 45 , , , 33589 390 46 is be VBZ 33589 390 47 practically practically RB 33589 390 48 the the DT 33589 390 49 same same JJ 33589 390 50 as as IN 33589 390 51 that that DT 33589 390 52 from from IN 33589 390 53 which which WDT 33589 390 54 uprose uprose NN 33589 390 55 the the DT 33589 390 56 famous famous JJ 33589 390 57 abbey abbey NN 33589 390 58 , , , 33589 390 59 the the DT 33589 390 60 building building NN 33589 390 61 of of IN 33589 390 62 which which WDT 33589 390 63 was be VBD 33589 390 64 a a DT 33589 390 65 labour labour NN 33589 390 66 of of IN 33589 390 67 love love NN 33589 390 68 to to IN 33589 390 69 so so RB 33589 390 70 many many JJ 33589 390 71 successive successive JJ 33589 390 72 abbots abbot NNS 33589 390 73 . . . 33589 391 1 The the DT 33589 391 2 Church Church NNP 33589 391 3 of of IN 33589 391 4 S. S. NNP 33589 391 5 Pierre Pierre NNP 33589 391 6 , , , 33589 391 7 Caen Caen NNP 33589 391 8 , , , 33589 391 9 which which WDT 33589 391 10 has have VBZ 33589 391 11 a a DT 33589 391 12 fine fine JJ 33589 391 13 tower tower NN 33589 391 14 with with IN 33589 391 15 a a DT 33589 391 16 beautiful beautiful JJ 33589 391 17 pierced pierced JJ 33589 391 18 spire spire NN 33589 391 19 , , , 33589 391 20 is be VBZ 33589 391 21 a a DT 33589 391 22 good good JJ 33589 391 23 example example NN 33589 391 24 of of IN 33589 391 25 the the DT 33589 391 26 second second JJ 33589 391 27 period period NN 33589 391 28 of of IN 33589 391 29 the the DT 33589 391 30 Gothic gothic JJ 33589 391 31 style style NN 33589 391 32 in in IN 33589 391 33 France France NNP 33589 391 34 , , , 33589 391 35 and and CC 33589 391 36 at at IN 33589 391 37 Rouen Rouen NNP 33589 391 38 the the DT 33589 391 39 Rayonnant Rayonnant NNP 33589 391 40 and and CC 33589 391 41 Flamboyant flamboyant JJ 33589 391 42 phases phase NNS 33589 391 43 are be VBP 33589 391 44 exceptionally exceptionally RB 33589 391 45 well well RB 33589 391 46 illustrated illustrate VBN 33589 391 47 . . . 33589 392 1 The the DT 33589 392 2 Abbey Abbey NNP 33589 392 3 Church Church NNP 33589 392 4 of of IN 33589 392 5 S. S. NNP 33589 392 6 Ouen Ouen NNP 33589 392 7 was be VBD 33589 392 8 built build VBN 33589 392 9 entirely entirely RB 33589 392 10 in in IN 33589 392 11 the the DT 33589 392 12 14th 14th JJ 33589 392 13 century century NN 33589 392 14 , , , 33589 392 15 and and CC 33589 392 16 , , , 33589 392 17 with with IN 33589 392 18 its -PRON- PRP$ 33589 392 19 characteristic characteristic JJ 33589 392 20 high high RB 33589 392 21 - - HYPH 33589 392 22 pitched pitch VBN 33589 392 23 roofs roof NNS 33589 392 24 over over IN 33589 392 25 each each DT 33589 392 26 bay bay NN 33589 392 27 of of IN 33589 392 28 the the DT 33589 392 29 aisles aisle NNS 33589 392 30 , , , 33589 392 31 its -PRON- PRP$ 33589 392 32 lofty lofty JJ 33589 392 33 towers tower NNS 33589 392 34 -- -- : 33589 392 35 those those DT 33589 392 36 at at IN 33589 392 37 the the DT 33589 392 38 west west NNP 33589 392 39 end end NN 33589 392 40 with with IN 33589 392 41 tapering tapering JJ 33589 392 42 spires spire NNS 33589 392 43 -- -- : 33589 392 44 its -PRON- PRP$ 33589 392 45 delicately delicately RB 33589 392 46 sculptured sculptured JJ 33589 392 47 portals portal NNS 33589 392 48 , , , 33589 392 49 double double JJ 33589 392 50 tiers tier NNS 33589 392 51 of of IN 33589 392 52 flying fly VBG 33589 392 53 buttresses buttress NNS 33589 392 54 , , , 33589 392 55 triple triple JJ 33589 392 56 division division NN 33589 392 57 of of IN 33589 392 58 arcades arcade NNS 33589 392 59 , , , 33589 392 60 triforium triforium NN 33589 392 61 , , , 33589 392 62 and and CC 33589 392 63 clerestory clerestory NN 33589 392 64 in in IN 33589 392 65 the the DT 33589 392 66 nave nave NN 33589 392 67 , , , 33589 392 68 the the DT 33589 392 69 number number NN 33589 392 70 and and CC 33589 392 71 beauty beauty NN 33589 392 72 of of IN 33589 392 73 its -PRON- PRP$ 33589 392 74 stained stained JJ 33589 392 75 glass glass NN 33589 392 76 windows window NNS 33589 392 77 , , , 33589 392 78 its -PRON- PRP$ 33589 392 79 graceful graceful JJ 33589 392 80 clustered clustered JJ 33589 392 81 piers pier NNS 33589 392 82 , , , 33589 392 83 that that WDT 33589 392 84 rise rise VBP 33589 392 85 without without IN 33589 392 86 a a DT 33589 392 87 break break NN 33589 392 88 from from IN 33589 392 89 the the DT 33589 392 90 ground ground NN 33589 392 91 to to IN 33589 392 92 the the DT 33589 392 93 springing springing NN 33589 392 94 of of IN 33589 392 95 the the DT 33589 392 96 vault vault NN 33589 392 97 , , , 33589 392 98 and and CC 33589 392 99 its -PRON- PRP$ 33589 392 100 beautiful beautiful JJ 33589 392 101 chevet chevet NNS 33589 392 102 , , , 33589 392 103 with with IN 33589 392 104 its -PRON- PRP$ 33589 392 105 circlet circlet NN 33589 392 106 of of IN 33589 392 107 eleven eleven CD 33589 392 108 chapels chapel NNS 33589 392 109 , , , 33589 392 110 is be VBZ 33589 392 111 an an DT 33589 392 112 epitome epitome NN 33589 392 113 of of IN 33589 392 114 all all PDT 33589 392 115 the the DT 33589 392 116 most most RBS 33589 392 117 characteristic characteristic JJ 33589 392 118 features feature NNS 33589 392 119 of of IN 33589 392 120 Gothic gothic JJ 33589 392 121 architecture architecture NN 33589 392 122 . . . 33589 393 1 The the DT 33589 393 2 Church Church NNP 33589 393 3 of of IN 33589 393 4 St. St. NNP 33589 393 5 Maclou Maclou NNP 33589 393 6 in in IN 33589 393 7 the the DT 33589 393 8 same same JJ 33589 393 9 town town NN 33589 393 10 is be VBZ 33589 393 11 a a DT 33589 393 12 fine fine JJ 33589 393 13 gem gem NN 33589 393 14 of of IN 33589 393 15 Flamboyant flamboyant JJ 33589 393 16 work work NN 33589 393 17 , , , 33589 393 18 with with IN 33589 393 19 its -PRON- PRP$ 33589 393 20 stilted stilted JJ 33589 393 21 arches arch NNS 33589 393 22 , , , 33589 393 23 tapering taper VBG 33589 393 24 spires spire NNS 33589 393 25 and and CC 33589 393 26 pinnacles pinnacle NNS 33589 393 27 , , , 33589 393 28 and and CC 33589 393 29 lavish lavish JJ 33589 393 30 internal internal JJ 33589 393 31 and and CC 33589 393 32 external external JJ 33589 393 33 decoration decoration NN 33589 393 34 , , , 33589 393 35 whilst whilst IN 33589 393 36 in in IN 33589 393 37 the the DT 33589 393 38 Cathedral Cathedral NNP 33589 393 39 of of IN 33589 393 40 Rouen Rouen NNP 33589 393 41 can can MD 33589 393 42 be be VB 33589 393 43 recognised recognise VBN 33589 393 44 details detail NNS 33589 393 45 of of IN 33589 393 46 each each DT 33589 393 47 of of IN 33589 393 48 the the DT 33589 393 49 three three CD 33589 393 50 stages stage NNS 33589 393 51 of of IN 33589 393 52 French French NNP 33589 393 53 Gothic Gothic NNP 33589 393 54 , , , 33589 393 55 combined combine VBN 33589 393 56 with with IN 33589 393 57 those those DT 33589 393 58 of of IN 33589 393 59 the the DT 33589 393 60 later later JJ 33589 393 61 Renaissance Renaissance NNP 33589 393 62 . . . 33589 394 1 The the DT 33589 394 2 western western JJ 33589 394 3 façade façade JJ 33589 394 4 , , , 33589 394 5 lateral lateral JJ 33589 394 6 portals portal NNS 33589 394 7 , , , 33589 394 8 towers tower NNS 33589 394 9 , , , 33589 394 10 spires spire NNS 33589 394 11 , , , 33589 394 12 and and CC 33589 394 13 fine fine JJ 33589 394 14 rose rise VBD 33589 394 15 windows window NNS 33589 394 16 are be VBP 33589 394 17 typically typically RB 33589 394 18 Flamboyant flamboyant JJ 33589 394 19 , , , 33589 394 20 and and CC 33589 394 21 the the DT 33589 394 22 general general JJ 33589 394 23 view view NN 33589 394 24 of of IN 33589 394 25 the the DT 33589 394 26 interior interior NN 33589 394 27 , , , 33589 394 28 with with IN 33589 394 29 its -PRON- PRP$ 33589 394 30 long long JJ 33589 394 31 vista vista NN 33589 394 32 of of IN 33589 394 33 nave nave NNP 33589 394 34 and and CC 33589 394 35 choir choir NNP 33589 394 36 , , , 33589 394 37 its -PRON- PRP$ 33589 394 38 slightly slightly RB 33589 394 39 pointed pointed JJ 33589 394 40 arcading arcade VBG 33589 394 41 , , , 33589 394 42 two two CD 33589 394 43 tiers tier NNS 33589 394 44 of of IN 33589 394 45 which which WDT 33589 394 46 divide divide VBP 33589 394 47 the the DT 33589 394 48 nave nave NN 33589 394 49 from from IN 33589 394 50 the the DT 33589 394 51 aisles aisle NNS 33589 394 52 , , , 33589 394 53 and and CC 33589 394 54 , , , 33589 394 55 above above IN 33589 394 56 all all DT 33589 394 57 , , , 33589 394 58 its -PRON- PRP$ 33589 394 59 simple simple NN 33589 394 60 but but CC 33589 394 61 most most RBS 33589 394 62 effective effective JJ 33589 394 63 vaulting vaulting NN 33589 394 64 , , , 33589 394 65 is be VBZ 33589 394 66 essentially essentially RB 33589 394 67 that that DT 33589 394 68 of of IN 33589 394 69 an an DT 33589 394 70 early early JJ 33589 394 71 example example NN 33589 394 72 of of IN 33589 394 73 the the DT 33589 394 74 pointed pointed JJ 33589 394 75 style style NN 33589 394 76 , , , 33589 394 77 that that DT 33589 394 78 of of IN 33589 394 79 the the DT 33589 394 80 Lady Lady NNP 33589 394 81 Chapel Chapel NNP 33589 394 82 being be VBG 33589 394 83 especially especially RB 33589 394 84 effective effective JJ 33589 394 85 . . . 33589 395 1 Good good JJ 33589 395 2 secular secular JJ 33589 395 3 examples example NNS 33589 395 4 of of IN 33589 395 5 the the DT 33589 395 6 Gothic gothic JJ 33589 395 7 style style NN 33589 395 8 in in IN 33589 395 9 France France NNP 33589 395 10 are be VBP 33589 395 11 the the DT 33589 395 12 Palais Palais NNP 33589 395 13 de de NNP 33589 395 14 Justice Justice NNP 33589 395 15 and and CC 33589 395 16 Hôtel Hôtel NNP 33589 395 17 de de IN 33589 395 18 Bourgtheroulde Bourgtheroulde NNP 33589 395 19 , , , 33589 395 20 both both CC 33589 395 21 at at IN 33589 395 22 Rouen Rouen NNP 33589 395 23 , , , 33589 395 24 the the DT 33589 395 25 Chateau Chateau NNP 33589 395 26 of of IN 33589 395 27 Coucy Coucy NNP 33589 395 28 near near IN 33589 395 29 Laon Laon NNP 33589 395 30 , , , 33589 395 31 the the DT 33589 395 32 Hôtel Hôtel NNP 33589 395 33 de de IN 33589 395 34 Cluny Cluny NNP 33589 395 35 , , , 33589 395 36 Paris Paris NNP 33589 395 37 , , , 33589 395 38 the the DT 33589 395 39 Chateau Chateau NNP 33589 395 40 de de IN 33589 395 41 Pierrefonds Pierrefonds NNPS 33589 395 42 in in IN 33589 395 43 Normandy Normandy NNP 33589 395 44 , , , 33589 395 45 and and CC 33589 395 46 , , , 33589 395 47 most most RBS 33589 395 48 characteristic characteristic JJ 33589 395 49 of of IN 33589 395 50 all all DT 33589 395 51 , , , 33589 395 52 the the DT 33589 395 53 House House NNP 33589 395 54 of of IN 33589 395 55 Jacques Jacques NNP 33589 395 56 Coeur Coeur NNP 33589 395 57 at at IN 33589 395 58 Bourges Bourges NNP 33589 395 59 . . . 33589 396 1 It -PRON- PRP 33589 396 2 was be VBD 33589 396 3 , , , 33589 396 4 however however RB 33589 396 5 , , , 33589 396 6 in in IN 33589 396 7 Belgium Belgium NNP 33589 396 8 that that IN 33589 396 9 Gothic Gothic NNP 33589 396 10 municipal municipal JJ 33589 396 11 and and CC 33589 396 12 domestic domestic JJ 33589 396 13 architecture architecture NN 33589 396 14 reached reach VBD 33589 396 15 its -PRON- PRP$ 33589 396 16 noblest noble JJS 33589 396 17 development development NN 33589 396 18 , , , 33589 396 19 the the DT 33589 396 20 great great JJ 33589 396 21 halls hall NNS 33589 396 22 of of IN 33589 396 23 the the DT 33589 396 24 towns town NNS 33589 396 25 being be VBG 33589 396 26 remarkable remarkable JJ 33589 396 27 for for IN 33589 396 28 their -PRON- PRP$ 33589 396 29 dignified dignified JJ 33589 396 30 and and CC 33589 396 31 massive massive JJ 33589 396 32 appearance appearance NN 33589 396 33 , , , 33589 396 34 and and CC 33589 396 35 , , , 33589 396 36 except except IN 33589 396 37 in in IN 33589 396 38 the the DT 33589 396 39 latest late JJS 33589 396 40 examples example NNS 33589 396 41 built build VBN 33589 396 42 after after IN 33589 396 43 the the DT 33589 396 44 decadence decadence NN 33589 396 45 had have VBD 33589 396 46 set set VBN 33589 396 47 in in RP 33589 396 48 , , , 33589 396 49 for for IN 33589 396 50 the the DT 33589 396 51 severe severe JJ 33589 396 52 restraint restraint NN 33589 396 53 of of IN 33589 396 54 their -PRON- PRP$ 33589 396 55 ornamentation ornamentation NN 33589 396 56 . . . 33589 397 1 Of of IN 33589 397 2 rectangular rectangular JJ 33589 397 3 plan plan NN 33589 397 4 , , , 33589 397 5 and and CC 33589 397 6 several several JJ 33589 397 7 stories story NNS 33589 397 8 in in IN 33589 397 9 height height NN 33589 397 10 , , , 33589 397 11 with with IN 33589 397 12 steeply steeply RB 33589 397 13 pitched pitch VBN 33589 397 14 roofs roofs NNP 33589 397 15 , , , 33589 397 16 the the DT 33589 397 17 gable gable JJ 33589 397 18 ends end NNS 33589 397 19 adorned adorn VBN 33589 397 20 with with IN 33589 397 21 many many JJ 33589 397 22 pinnacles pinnacle NNS 33589 397 23 , , , 33589 397 24 and and CC 33589 397 25 the the DT 33589 397 26 long long JJ 33589 397 27 sloping sloping NN 33589 397 28 sides side NNS 33589 397 29 broken break VBN 33589 397 30 by by IN 33589 397 31 dormer dormer NN 33589 397 32 windows window NNS 33589 397 33 , , , 33589 397 34 contrasting contrast VBG 33589 397 35 with with IN 33589 397 36 the the DT 33589 397 37 rows row NNS 33589 397 38 of of IN 33589 397 39 pointed point VBN 33589 397 40 - - HYPH 33589 397 41 headed head VBN 33589 397 42 lights light NNS 33589 397 43 in in IN 33589 397 44 the the DT 33589 397 45 walls wall NNS 33589 397 46 beneath beneath IN 33589 397 47 , , , 33589 397 48 and and CC 33589 397 49 lofty lofty JJ 33589 397 50 central central NNP 33589 397 51 tower tower NNP 33589 397 52 of of IN 33589 397 53 ornate ornate JJ 33589 397 54 design design NN 33589 397 55 , , , 33589 397 56 these these DT 33589 397 57 noble noble JJ 33589 397 58 buildings building NNS 33589 397 59 , , , 33589 397 60 of of IN 33589 397 61 which which WDT 33589 397 62 those those DT 33589 397 63 at at IN 33589 397 64 Ypres Ypres NNP 33589 397 65 , , , 33589 397 66 Bruges Bruges NNPS 33589 397 67 , , , 33589 397 68 Brussels Brussels NNP 33589 397 69 , , , 33589 397 70 Ghent Ghent NNP 33589 397 71 , , , 33589 397 72 and and CC 33589 397 73 Tournai Tournai NNP 33589 397 74 are be VBP 33589 397 75 the the DT 33589 397 76 best good JJS 33589 397 77 , , , 33589 397 78 are be VBP 33589 397 79 the the DT 33589 397 80 chief chief JJ 33589 397 81 pride pride NN 33589 397 82 of of IN 33589 397 83 the the DT 33589 397 84 cities city NNS 33589 397 85 to to TO 33589 397 86 which which WDT 33589 397 87 they -PRON- PRP 33589 397 88 belong belong VBP 33589 397 89 . . . 33589 398 1 They -PRON- PRP 33589 398 2 rival rival VBP 33589 398 3 in in IN 33589 398 4 the the DT 33589 398 5 affections affection NNS 33589 398 6 of of IN 33589 398 7 the the DT 33589 398 8 people people NNS 33589 398 9 even even RB 33589 398 10 the the DT 33589 398 11 cathedrals cathedral NNS 33589 398 12 of of IN 33589 398 13 contemporary contemporary JJ 33589 398 14 date date NN 33589 398 15 , , , 33589 398 16 although although IN 33589 398 17 those those DT 33589 398 18 of of IN 33589 398 19 Antwerp Antwerp NNP 33589 398 20 , , , 33589 398 21 specially specially RB 33589 398 22 noteworthy noteworthy JJ 33589 398 23 for for IN 33589 398 24 its -PRON- PRP$ 33589 398 25 seven seven CD 33589 398 26 aisles aisle NNS 33589 398 27 , , , 33589 398 28 Louvain Louvain NNP 33589 398 29 , , , 33589 398 30 the the DT 33589 398 31 nave nave NN 33589 398 32 and and CC 33589 398 33 transepts transept NNS 33589 398 34 of of IN 33589 398 35 which which WDT 33589 398 36 , , , 33589 398 37 as as IN 33589 398 38 already already RB 33589 398 39 stated state VBN 33589 398 40 , , , 33589 398 41 are be VBP 33589 398 42 Romanesque romanesque JJ 33589 398 43 , , , 33589 398 44 whilst whilst IN 33589 398 45 the the DT 33589 398 46 choir choir NN 33589 398 47 is be VBZ 33589 398 48 a a DT 33589 398 49 fine fine JJ 33589 398 50 specimen speciman NNS 33589 398 51 of of IN 33589 398 52 Early Early NNP 33589 398 53 Gothic Gothic NNP 33589 398 54 , , , 33589 398 55 Brussels Brussels NNP 33589 398 56 , , , 33589 398 57 Ghent Ghent NNP 33589 398 58 , , , 33589 398 59 Louvain Louvain NNP 33589 398 60 , , , 33589 398 61 and and CC 33589 398 62 Liège Liège NNP 33589 398 63 are be VBP 33589 398 64 all all DT 33589 398 65 noble noble JJ 33589 398 66 structures structure NNS 33589 398 67 , , , 33589 398 68 resembling resemble VBG 33589 398 69 those those DT 33589 398 70 of of IN 33589 398 71 France France NNP 33589 398 72 in in IN 33589 398 73 general general JJ 33589 398 74 plan plan NN 33589 398 75 , , , 33589 398 76 though though IN 33589 398 77 most most JJS 33589 398 78 of of IN 33589 398 79 them -PRON- PRP 33589 398 80 are be VBP 33589 398 81 shorter short JJR 33589 398 82 and and CC 33589 398 83 of of IN 33589 398 84 greater great JJR 33589 398 85 width width NN 33589 398 86 . . . 33589 399 1 In in IN 33589 399 2 Spain Spain NNP 33589 399 3 , , , 33589 399 4 as as IN 33589 399 5 in in IN 33589 399 6 France France NNP 33589 399 7 , , , 33589 399 8 Gothic gothic JJ 33589 399 9 architecture architecture NN 33589 399 10 passed pass VBD 33589 399 11 through through IN 33589 399 12 three three CD 33589 399 13 phases phase NNS 33589 399 14 : : : 33589 399 15 the the DT 33589 399 16 first first JJ 33589 399 17 , , , 33589 399 18 that that WDT 33589 399 19 prevailed prevail VBD 33589 399 20 in in IN 33589 399 21 the the DT 33589 399 22 second second JJ 33589 399 23 half half NN 33589 399 24 of of IN 33589 399 25 the the DT 33589 399 26 12th 12th NN 33589 399 27 and and CC 33589 399 28 the the DT 33589 399 29 first first JJ 33589 399 30 of of IN 33589 399 31 the the DT 33589 399 32 13th 13th JJ 33589 399 33 century century NN 33589 399 34 , , , 33589 399 35 to to IN 33589 399 36 a a DT 33589 399 37 great great JJ 33589 399 38 extent extent NN 33589 399 39 the the DT 33589 399 40 outcome outcome NN 33589 399 41 of of IN 33589 399 42 the the DT 33589 399 43 Romanesque Romanesque NNP 33589 399 44 ; ; : 33589 399 45 the the DT 33589 399 46 second second JJ 33589 399 47 that that WDT 33589 399 48 succeeded succeed VBD 33589 399 49 it -PRON- PRP 33589 399 50 and and CC 33589 399 51 lasted last VBD 33589 399 52 until until IN 33589 399 53 the the DT 33589 399 54 beginning beginning NN 33589 399 55 of of IN 33589 399 56 the the DT 33589 399 57 15th 15th JJ 33589 399 58 century century NN 33589 399 59 , , , 33589 399 60 distinguished distinguish VBN 33589 399 61 by by IN 33589 399 62 great great JJ 33589 399 63 dignity dignity NN 33589 399 64 of of IN 33589 399 65 structure structure NN 33589 399 66 and and CC 33589 399 67 appropriateness appropriateness NN 33589 399 68 of of IN 33589 399 69 ornamentation ornamentation NN 33589 399 70 ; ; : 33589 399 71 the the DT 33589 399 72 last last JJ 33589 399 73 , , , 33589 399 74 that that WDT 33589 399 75 prevailed prevail VBD 33589 399 76 until until IN 33589 399 77 nearly nearly RB 33589 399 78 the the DT 33589 399 79 middle middle NN 33589 399 80 of of IN 33589 399 81 the the DT 33589 399 82 16th 16th JJ 33589 399 83 century century NN 33589 399 84 , , , 33589 399 85 corresponding correspond VBG 33589 399 86 to to IN 33589 399 87 a a DT 33589 399 88 great great JJ 33589 399 89 extent extent NN 33589 399 90 with with IN 33589 399 91 French French NNP 33589 399 92 Flamboyant Flamboyant NNP 33589 399 93 , , , 33589 399 94 though though IN 33589 399 95 it -PRON- PRP 33589 399 96 lasted last VBD 33589 399 97 longer long RBR 33589 399 98 and and CC 33589 399 99 was be VBD 33589 399 100 considerably considerably RB 33589 399 101 modified modify VBN 33589 399 102 by by IN 33589 399 103 Moorish moorish JJ 33589 399 104 influence influence NN 33589 399 105 . . . 33589 400 1 To to IN 33589 400 2 the the DT 33589 400 3 first first JJ 33589 400 4 period period NN 33589 400 5 of of IN 33589 400 6 Gothic gothic JJ 33589 400 7 architecture architecture NN 33589 400 8 in in IN 33589 400 9 Spain Spain NNP 33589 400 10 belong belong VBP 33589 400 11 the the DT 33589 400 12 Cathedrals Cathedrals NNPS 33589 400 13 of of IN 33589 400 14 Santiago Santiago NNP 33589 400 15 de de NNP 33589 400 16 Compostella Compostella NNP 33589 400 17 , , , 33589 400 18 of of IN 33589 400 19 cruciform cruciform NN 33589 400 20 plan plan NN 33589 400 21 with with IN 33589 400 22 a a DT 33589 400 23 vaulted vaulted JJ 33589 400 24 roof roof NN 33589 400 25 , , , 33589 400 26 semicircular semicircular JJ 33589 400 27 headed head VBD 33589 400 28 arcades arcade NNS 33589 400 29 and and CC 33589 400 30 windows window NNS 33589 400 31 , , , 33589 400 32 and and CC 33589 400 33 an an DT 33589 400 34 ornate ornate JJ 33589 400 35 western western JJ 33589 400 36 façade façade NN 33589 400 37 recalling recall VBG 33589 400 38 that that IN 33589 400 39 of of IN 33589 400 40 Chartres Chartres NNPS 33589 400 41 ; ; : 33589 400 42 Zamora Zamora NNP 33589 400 43 , , , 33589 400 44 Taragona Taragona NNP 33589 400 45 , , , 33589 400 46 and and CC 33589 400 47 the the DT 33589 400 48 older old JJR 33589 400 49 of of IN 33589 400 50 the the DT 33589 400 51 two two CD 33589 400 52 at at IN 33589 400 53 Salamanca Salamanca NNP 33589 400 54 , , , 33589 400 55 the the DT 33589 400 56 three three CD 33589 400 57 last last JJ 33589 400 58 retaining retain VBG 33589 400 59 the the DT 33589 400 60 characteristic characteristic JJ 33589 400 61 cimborio cimborio NN 33589 400 62 , , , 33589 400 63 or or CC 33589 400 64 low low JJ 33589 400 65 dome dome NN 33589 400 66 , , , 33589 400 67 already already RB 33589 400 68 referred refer VBD 33589 400 69 to to IN 33589 400 70 in in IN 33589 400 71 connection connection NN 33589 400 72 with with IN 33589 400 73 Romanesque romanesque JJ 33589 400 74 work work NN 33589 400 75 in in IN 33589 400 76 Spain Spain NNP 33589 400 77 , , , 33589 400 78 rising rise VBG 33589 400 79 from from IN 33589 400 80 the the DT 33589 400 81 intersection intersection NN 33589 400 82 of of IN 33589 400 83 nave nave NN 33589 400 84 and and CC 33589 400 85 transepts transept NNS 33589 400 86 , , , 33589 400 87 but but CC 33589 400 88 of of IN 33589 400 89 more more RBR 33589 400 90 complex complex JJ 33589 400 91 structure structure NN 33589 400 92 than than IN 33589 400 93 in in IN 33589 400 94 earlier early JJR 33589 400 95 examples example NNS 33589 400 96 , , , 33589 400 97 the the DT 33589 400 98 ribs rib NNS 33589 400 99 of of IN 33589 400 100 the the DT 33589 400 101 vaulting vaulting NN 33589 400 102 being be VBG 33589 400 103 upheld uphold VBN 33589 400 104 by by IN 33589 400 105 pendentives pendentive NNS 33589 400 106 and and CC 33589 400 107 the the DT 33589 400 108 whole whole JJ 33589 400 109 surmounted surmount VBN 33589 400 110 by by IN 33589 400 111 a a DT 33589 400 112 secondary secondary JJ 33589 400 113 dome dome NN 33589 400 114 of of IN 33589 400 115 considerable considerable JJ 33589 400 116 height height NN 33589 400 117 pierced pierce VBN 33589 400 118 with with IN 33589 400 119 windows window NNS 33589 400 120 , , , 33589 400 121 and and CC 33589 400 122 at at IN 33589 400 123 Salamanca Salamanca NNP 33589 400 124 flanked flank VBN 33589 400 125 by by IN 33589 400 126 four four CD 33589 400 127 circular circular JJ 33589 400 128 towers tower NNS 33589 400 129 . . . 33589 401 1 Unfortunately unfortunately RB 33589 401 2 , , , 33589 401 3 in in IN 33589 401 4 later later JJ 33589 401 5 Spanish spanish JJ 33589 401 6 ecclesiastical ecclesiastical JJ 33589 401 7 architecture architecture NN 33589 401 8 this this DT 33589 401 9 beautiful beautiful JJ 33589 401 10 feature feature NN 33589 401 11 was be VBD 33589 401 12 abandoned abandon VBN 33589 401 13 , , , 33589 401 14 and and CC 33589 401 15 the the DT 33589 401 16 Cathedrals Cathedrals NNPS 33589 401 17 of of IN 33589 401 18 Toledo Toledo NNP 33589 401 19 , , , 33589 401 20 Leon Leon NNP 33589 401 21 , , , 33589 401 22 and and CC 33589 401 23 Burgos Burgos NNP 33589 401 24 are be VBP 33589 401 25 of of IN 33589 401 26 the the DT 33589 401 27 French french JJ 33589 401 28 type type NN 33589 401 29 , , , 33589 401 30 with with IN 33589 401 31 chevets chevet NNS 33589 401 32 , , , 33589 401 33 double double JJ 33589 401 34 aisles aisle NNS 33589 401 35 , , , 33589 401 36 clustered clustered JJ 33589 401 37 pillars pillar NNS 33589 401 38 upholding uphold VBG 33589 401 39 pointed point VBD 33589 401 40 arches arch NNS 33589 401 41 , , , 33589 401 42 vaulted vault VBD 33589 401 43 roofs roof NNS 33589 401 44 , , , 33589 401 45 ornate ornate RB 33589 401 46 decorative decorative JJ 33589 401 47 arcading arcading NN 33589 401 48 , , , 33589 401 49 fine fine JJ 33589 401 50 open open JJ 33589 401 51 triforia triforia NN 33589 401 52 , , , 33589 401 53 and and CC 33589 401 54 lofty lofty JJ 33589 401 55 clerestories clerestory NNS 33589 401 56 . . . 33589 402 1 The the DT 33589 402 2 exterior exterior NN 33589 402 3 of of IN 33589 402 4 that that DT 33589 402 5 of of IN 33589 402 6 Burgos Burgos NNP 33589 402 7 is be VBZ 33589 402 8 especially especially RB 33589 402 9 ornate ornate JJ 33589 402 10 , , , 33589 402 11 with with IN 33589 402 12 three three CD 33589 402 13 pinnacled pinnacled JJ 33589 402 14 towers tower NNS 33589 402 15 , , , 33589 402 16 tapering taper VBG 33589 402 17 open open RB 33589 402 18 - - HYPH 33589 402 19 traceried traceried JJ 33589 402 20 spires spire NNS 33589 402 21 rising rise VBG 33589 402 22 from from IN 33589 402 23 those those DT 33589 402 24 at at IN 33589 402 25 the the DT 33589 402 26 western western JJ 33589 402 27 end end NN 33589 402 28 . . . 33589 403 1 In in IN 33589 403 2 the the DT 33589 403 3 14th 14th JJ 33589 403 4 century century NN 33589 403 5 the the DT 33589 403 6 cruciform cruciform NN 33589 403 7 plan plan NN 33589 403 8 , , , 33589 403 9 which which WDT 33589 403 10 had have VBD 33589 403 11 so so RB 33589 403 12 long long RB 33589 403 13 prevailed prevail VBN 33589 403 14 , , , 33589 403 15 was be VBD 33589 403 16 replaced replace VBN 33589 403 17 in in IN 33589 403 18 Spain Spain NNP 33589 403 19 by by IN 33589 403 20 one one CD 33589 403 21 without without IN 33589 403 22 either either DT 33589 403 23 aisles aisle NNS 33589 403 24 or or CC 33589 403 25 transepts transept NNS 33589 403 26 ; ; , 33589 403 27 the the DT 33589 403 28 buttresses buttress NNS 33589 403 29 that that WDT 33589 403 30 had have VBD 33589 403 31 previously previously RB 33589 403 32 been be VBN 33589 403 33 introduced introduce VBN 33589 403 34 outside outside IN 33589 403 35 the the DT 33589 403 36 building building NN 33589 403 37 to to TO 33589 403 38 resist resist VB 33589 403 39 the the DT 33589 403 40 thrust thrust NN 33589 403 41 of of IN 33589 403 42 the the DT 33589 403 43 vaulting vaulting NN 33589 403 44 , , , 33589 403 45 were be VBD 33589 403 46 brought bring VBN 33589 403 47 within within IN 33589 403 48 the the DT 33589 403 49 walls wall NNS 33589 403 50 so so IN 33589 403 51 as as IN 33589 403 52 to to TO 33589 403 53 make make VB 33589 403 54 the the DT 33589 403 55 nave nave NN 33589 403 56 one one CD 33589 403 57 vast vast JJ 33589 403 58 vaulted vaulted JJ 33589 403 59 hall hall NN 33589 403 60 , , , 33589 403 61 flanked flank VBN 33589 403 62 by by IN 33589 403 63 lateral lateral JJ 33589 403 64 chapels chapel NNS 33589 403 65 as as IN 33589 403 66 in in IN 33589 403 67 the the DT 33589 403 68 fine fine JJ 33589 403 69 Cathedral Cathedral NNP 33589 403 70 of of IN 33589 403 71 Gerona Gerona NNP 33589 403 72 and and CC 33589 403 73 the the DT 33589 403 74 Church Church NNP 33589 403 75 of of IN 33589 403 76 S. S. NNP 33589 403 77 Maria Maria NNP 33589 403 78 del del NNP 33589 403 79 Pino Pino NNP 33589 403 80 at at IN 33589 403 81 Barcelona Barcelona NNP 33589 403 82 . . . 33589 404 1 Later later RB 33589 404 2 , , , 33589 404 3 however however RB 33589 404 4 , , , 33589 404 5 this this DT 33589 404 6 comparatively comparatively RB 33589 404 7 simple simple JJ 33589 404 8 mode mode NN 33589 404 9 of of IN 33589 404 10 structure structure NN 33589 404 11 was be VBD 33589 404 12 superseded supersede VBN 33589 404 13 by by IN 33589 404 14 vast vast JJ 33589 404 15 complicated complicated JJ 33589 404 16 buildings building NNS 33589 404 17 such such JJ 33589 404 18 as as IN 33589 404 19 the the DT 33589 404 20 Cathedral Cathedral NNP 33589 404 21 of of IN 33589 404 22 Salamanca Salamanca NNP 33589 404 23 and and CC 33589 404 24 that that DT 33589 404 25 of of IN 33589 404 26 Segovia Segovia NNP 33589 404 27 , , , 33589 404 28 both both DT 33589 404 29 dating date VBG 33589 404 30 from from IN 33589 404 31 the the DT 33589 404 32 16th 16th JJ 33589 404 33 century century NN 33589 404 34 , , , 33589 404 35 the the DT 33589 404 36 vaulting vaulting NN 33589 404 37 of of IN 33589 404 38 which which WDT 33589 404 39 is be VBZ 33589 404 40 especially especially RB 33589 404 41 complicated complicated JJ 33589 404 42 , , , 33589 404 43 with with IN 33589 404 44 very very RB 33589 404 45 ornate ornate JJ 33589 404 46 ribs rib NNS 33589 404 47 , , , 33589 404 48 whilst whilst IN 33589 404 49 the the DT 33589 404 50 towers tower NNS 33589 404 51 closely closely RB 33589 404 52 resemble resemble VBP 33589 404 53 those those DT 33589 404 54 of of IN 33589 404 55 contemporaneous contemporaneous JJ 33589 404 56 Moorish moorish JJ 33589 404 57 mosques mosque NNS 33589 404 58 . . . 33589 405 1 The the DT 33589 405 2 Gothic gothic JJ 33589 405 3 style style NN 33589 405 4 , , , 33589 405 5 that that WDT 33589 405 6 was be VBD 33589 405 7 alike alike RB 33589 405 8 alien alien JJ 33589 405 9 to to IN 33589 405 10 the the DT 33589 405 11 Italian italian JJ 33589 405 12 temperament temperament NN 33589 405 13 and and CC 33589 405 14 unsuited unsuited JJ 33589 405 15 to to IN 33589 405 16 the the DT 33589 405 17 Italian italian JJ 33589 405 18 climate climate NN 33589 405 19 , , , 33589 405 20 never never RB 33589 405 21 really really RB 33589 405 22 took take VBD 33589 405 23 root root NN 33589 405 24 in in IN 33589 405 25 Italy Italy NNP 33589 405 26 , , , 33589 405 27 the the DT 33589 405 28 soil soil NN 33589 405 29 of of IN 33589 405 30 which which WDT 33589 405 31 was be VBD 33589 405 32 thoroughly thoroughly RB 33589 405 33 impregnated impregnate VBN 33589 405 34 with with IN 33589 405 35 classic classic JJ 33589 405 36 traditions tradition NNS 33589 405 37 . . . 33589 406 1 The the DT 33589 406 2 horizontal horizontal JJ 33589 406 3 cornice cornice NN 33589 406 4 , , , 33589 406 5 so so RB 33589 406 6 characteristic characteristic JJ 33589 406 7 of of IN 33589 406 8 Greek greek JJ 33589 406 9 and and CC 33589 406 10 Early early JJ 33589 406 11 Roman roman JJ 33589 406 12 architecture architecture NN 33589 406 13 is be VBZ 33589 406 14 of of IN 33589 406 15 frequent frequent JJ 33589 406 16 occurrence occurrence NN 33589 406 17 , , , 33589 406 18 the the DT 33589 406 19 round round NN 33589 406 20 arch arch NN 33589 406 21 was be VBD 33589 406 22 long long RB 33589 406 23 retained retain VBN 33589 406 24 in in IN 33589 406 25 combination combination NN 33589 406 26 with with IN 33589 406 27 pointed point VBN 33589 406 28 highly highly RB 33589 406 29 - - HYPH 33589 406 30 pitched pitch VBN 33589 406 31 roofs roof NNS 33589 406 32 , , , 33589 406 33 and and CC 33589 406 34 spires spire NNS 33589 406 35 are be VBP 33589 406 36 rare rare JJ 33589 406 37 , , , 33589 406 38 whilst whilst IN 33589 406 39 the the DT 33589 406 40 beautiful beautiful JJ 33589 406 41 groined groined JJ 33589 406 42 vaulting vaulting NN 33589 406 43 , , , 33589 406 44 the the DT 33589 406 45 flying fly VBG 33589 406 46 buttresses buttress NNS 33589 406 47 , , , 33589 406 48 and and CC 33589 406 49 the the DT 33589 406 50 exquisite exquisite JJ 33589 406 51 window window NN 33589 406 52 - - HYPH 33589 406 53 tracery tracery NN 33589 406 54 , , , 33589 406 55 that that WDT 33589 406 56 lend lend VBP 33589 406 57 so so RB 33589 406 58 great great JJ 33589 406 59 a a DT 33589 406 60 charm charm NN 33589 406 61 to to IN 33589 406 62 the the DT 33589 406 63 cathedrals cathedral NNS 33589 406 64 and and CC 33589 406 65 churches church NNS 33589 406 66 of of IN 33589 406 67 France France NNP 33589 406 68 and and CC 33589 406 69 England England NNP 33589 406 70 , , , 33589 406 71 are be VBP 33589 406 72 very very RB 33589 406 73 seldom seldom RB 33589 406 74 met meet VBN 33589 406 75 with with IN 33589 406 76 . . . 33589 407 1 There there EX 33589 407 2 was be VBD 33589 407 3 no no DT 33589 407 4 gradual gradual JJ 33589 407 5 evolution evolution NN 33589 407 6 in in IN 33589 407 7 Italy Italy NNP 33589 407 8 from from IN 33589 407 9 Early early RB 33589 407 10 to to IN 33589 407 11 Late Late NNP 33589 407 12 Gothic Gothic NNP 33589 407 13 , , , 33589 407 14 and and CC 33589 407 15 for for IN 33589 407 16 this this DT 33589 407 17 reason reason NN 33589 407 18 it -PRON- PRP 33589 407 19 is be VBZ 33589 407 20 usual usual JJ 33589 407 21 to to TO 33589 407 22 treat treat VB 33589 407 23 Italian italian JJ 33589 407 24 buildings building NNS 33589 407 25 in in IN 33589 407 26 the the DT 33589 407 27 pointed pointed JJ 33589 407 28 style style NN 33589 407 29 in in IN 33589 407 30 three three CD 33589 407 31 geographical geographical JJ 33589 407 32 instead instead RB 33589 407 33 of of IN 33589 407 34 chronological chronological JJ 33589 407 35 groups group NNS 33589 407 36 , , , 33589 407 37 namely namely RB 33589 407 38 , , , 33589 407 39 the the DT 33589 407 40 northern northern JJ 33589 407 41 , , , 33589 407 42 central central JJ 33589 407 43 , , , 33589 407 44 and and CC 33589 407 45 southern southern JJ 33589 407 46 . . . 33589 408 1 To to IN 33589 408 2 the the DT 33589 408 3 first first JJ 33589 408 4 belongs belong VBZ 33589 408 5 the the DT 33589 408 6 Cathedral Cathedral NNP 33589 408 7 of of IN 33589 408 8 Milan Milan NNP 33589 408 9 , , , 33589 408 10 the the DT 33589 408 11 largest large JJS 33589 408 12 Gothic gothic JJ 33589 408 13 building building NN 33589 408 14 in in IN 33589 408 15 Italy Italy NNP 33589 408 16 , , , 33589 408 17 the the DT 33589 408 18 exterior exterior NN 33589 408 19 of of IN 33589 408 20 which which WDT 33589 408 21 is be VBZ 33589 408 22 somewhat somewhat RB 33589 408 23 spoiled spoil VBN 33589 408 24 by by IN 33589 408 25 its -PRON- PRP$ 33589 408 26 over over RB 33589 408 27 - - HYPH 33589 408 28 decorated decorate VBN 33589 408 29 western western JJ 33589 408 30 façade façade NN 33589 408 31 , , , 33589 408 32 though though IN 33589 408 33 the the DT 33589 408 34 effect effect NN 33589 408 35 of of IN 33589 408 36 the the DT 33589 408 37 long long JJ 33589 408 38 rows row NNS 33589 408 39 of of IN 33589 408 40 lateral lateral JJ 33589 408 41 pinnacles pinnacle NNS 33589 408 42 , , , 33589 408 43 the the DT 33589 408 44 numerous numerous JJ 33589 408 45 flying flying NN 33589 408 46 buttresses buttress NNS 33589 408 47 , , , 33589 408 48 the the DT 33589 408 49 low low JJ 33589 408 50 conical conical JJ 33589 408 51 dome dome NN 33589 408 52 and and CC 33589 408 53 lofty lofty JJ 33589 408 54 spire spire NN 33589 408 55 is be VBZ 33589 408 56 very very RB 33589 408 57 fine fine JJ 33589 408 58 . . . 33589 409 1 The the DT 33589 409 2 interior interior NN 33589 409 3 , , , 33589 409 4 with with IN 33589 409 5 its -PRON- PRP$ 33589 409 6 vast vast JJ 33589 409 7 nave nave NN 33589 409 8 , , , 33589 409 9 double double JJ 33589 409 10 aisles aisle NNS 33589 409 11 , , , 33589 409 12 and and CC 33589 409 13 complex complex JJ 33589 409 14 apse apse NN 33589 409 15 , , , 33589 409 16 its -PRON- PRP$ 33589 409 17 lofty lofty JJ 33589 409 18 piers pier NNS 33589 409 19 , , , 33589 409 20 with with IN 33589 409 21 capitals capital NNS 33589 409 22 consisting consist VBG 33589 409 23 of of IN 33589 409 24 life life NN 33589 409 25 - - HYPH 33589 409 26 sized sized JJ 33589 409 27 figures figure NNS 33589 409 28 in in IN 33589 409 29 niches niche NNS 33589 409 30 , , , 33589 409 31 and and CC 33589 409 32 its -PRON- PRP$ 33589 409 33 noble noble JJ 33589 409 34 clerestory clerestory NN 33589 409 35 , , , 33589 409 36 presents present VBZ 33589 409 37 an an DT 33589 409 38 appearance appearance NN 33589 409 39 of of IN 33589 409 40 grandeur grandeur NN 33589 409 41 unequalled unequalle VBN 33589 409 42 by by IN 33589 409 43 any any DT 33589 409 44 other other JJ 33589 409 45 Gothic gothic JJ 33589 409 46 church church NN 33589 409 47 in in IN 33589 409 48 Italy Italy NNP 33589 409 49 . . . 33589 410 1 The the DT 33589 410 2 Certosa Certosa NNP 33589 410 3 or or CC 33589 410 4 Carthusian Carthusian NNP 33589 410 5 Monastery Monastery NNP 33589 410 6 , , , 33589 410 7 the the DT 33589 410 8 façade façade NN 33589 410 9 of of IN 33589 410 10 which which WDT 33589 410 11 is be VBZ 33589 410 12 a a DT 33589 410 13 century century NN 33589 410 14 older old JJR 33589 410 15 than than IN 33589 410 16 the the DT 33589 410 17 rest rest NN 33589 410 18 of of IN 33589 410 19 the the DT 33589 410 20 building building NN 33589 410 21 ; ; : 33589 410 22 the the DT 33589 410 23 Churches Churches NNPS 33589 410 24 of of IN 33589 410 25 S. S. NNP 33589 410 26 Maria Maria NNP 33589 410 27 del del NNP 33589 410 28 Carmine Carmine NNP 33589 410 29 and and CC 33589 410 30 S. S. NNP 33589 410 31 Michele Michele NNP 33589 410 32 , , , 33589 410 33 both both CC 33589 410 34 at at IN 33589 410 35 Pavia Pavia NNP 33589 410 36 , , , 33589 410 37 the the DT 33589 410 38 latter latter JJ 33589 410 39 with with IN 33589 410 40 a a DT 33589 410 41 very very RB 33589 410 42 typical typical JJ 33589 410 43 campanile campanile NN 33589 410 44 ; ; : 33589 410 45 the the DT 33589 410 46 Cathedral Cathedral NNP 33589 410 47 of of IN 33589 410 48 Genoa Genoa NNP 33589 410 49 ; ; : 33589 410 50 the the DT 33589 410 51 Churches Churches NNPS 33589 410 52 of of IN 33589 410 53 S. S. NNP 33589 410 54 Anastasia Anastasia NNP 33589 410 55 and and CC 33589 410 56 S. S. NNP 33589 410 57 Zenone Zenone NNP 33589 410 58 at at IN 33589 410 59 Verona Verona NNP 33589 410 60 , , , 33589 410 61 are be VBP 33589 410 62 all all DT 33589 410 63 good good JJ 33589 410 64 examples example NNS 33589 410 65 of of IN 33589 410 66 Italian italian JJ 33589 410 67 - - HYPH 33589 410 68 Gothic Gothic NNP 33589 410 69 , , , 33589 410 70 whilst whilst IN 33589 410 71 amongst amongst IN 33589 410 72 secular secular JJ 33589 410 73 buildings building NNS 33589 410 74 in in IN 33589 410 75 the the DT 33589 410 76 same same JJ 33589 410 77 style style NN 33589 410 78 in in IN 33589 410 79 Northern Northern NNP 33589 410 80 Italy Italy NNP 33589 410 81 , , , 33589 410 82 the the DT 33589 410 83 Ducal ducal JJ 33589 410 84 and and CC 33589 410 85 other other JJ 33589 410 86 palaces palace NNS 33589 410 87 at at IN 33589 410 88 Venice Venice NNP 33589 410 89 , , , 33589 410 90 such such JJ 33589 410 91 as as IN 33589 410 92 the the DT 33589 410 93 so so RB 33589 410 94 - - HYPH 33589 410 95 called call VBN 33589 410 96 Ca ca NN 33589 410 97 ' ' '' 33589 410 98 d'Ora d'ora NN 33589 410 99 are be VBP 33589 410 100 remarkable remarkable JJ 33589 410 101 for for IN 33589 410 102 the the DT 33589 410 103 beauty beauty NN 33589 410 104 of of IN 33589 410 105 their -PRON- PRP$ 33589 410 106 proportions proportion NNS 33589 410 107 , , , 33589 410 108 the the DT 33589 410 109 effectiveness effectiveness NN 33589 410 110 of of IN 33589 410 111 their -PRON- PRP$ 33589 410 112 window window NN 33589 410 113 - - HYPH 33589 410 114 grouping grouping NN 33589 410 115 , , , 33589 410 116 and and CC 33589 410 117 the the DT 33589 410 118 general general JJ 33589 410 119 appropriateness appropriateness NN 33589 410 120 and and CC 33589 410 121 grace grace NN 33589 410 122 of of IN 33589 410 123 their -PRON- PRP$ 33589 410 124 decorative decorative JJ 33589 410 125 details detail NNS 33589 410 126 , , , 33589 410 127 especially especially RB 33589 410 128 of of IN 33589 410 129 their -PRON- PRP$ 33589 410 130 balconies balcony NNS 33589 410 131 . . . 33589 411 1 In in IN 33589 411 2 Central Central NNP 33589 411 3 Italy Italy NNP 33589 411 4 the the DT 33589 411 5 Cathedrals Cathedrals NNPS 33589 411 6 of of IN 33589 411 7 Florence Florence NNP 33589 411 8 and and CC 33589 411 9 Siena Siena NNP 33589 411 10 are be VBP 33589 411 11 specially specially RB 33589 411 12 typical typical JJ 33589 411 13 , , , 33589 411 14 the the DT 33589 411 15 former former JJ 33589 411 16 , , , 33589 411 17 with with IN 33589 411 18 its -PRON- PRP$ 33589 411 19 dome dome NN 33589 411 20 of of IN 33589 411 21 considerably considerably RB 33589 411 22 later late JJR 33589 411 23 date date NN 33589 411 24 than than IN 33589 411 25 the the DT 33589 411 26 rest rest NN 33589 411 27 of of IN 33589 411 28 the the DT 33589 411 29 building building NN 33589 411 30 , , , 33589 411 31 contrasting contrast VBG 33589 411 32 with with IN 33589 411 33 the the DT 33589 411 34 Campanile Campanile NNP 33589 411 35 or or CC 33589 411 36 Bell Bell NNP 33589 411 37 Tower Tower NNP 33589 411 38 named name VBN 33589 411 39 after after IN 33589 411 40 Giotto Giotto NNP 33589 411 41 , , , 33589 411 42 the the DT 33589 411 43 latter latter JJ 33589 411 44 being be VBG 33589 411 45 noteworthy noteworthy JJ 33589 411 46 for for IN 33589 411 47 the the DT 33589 411 48 combination combination NN 33589 411 49 of of IN 33589 411 50 a a DT 33589 411 51 dome dome NN 33589 411 52 with with IN 33589 411 53 pointed point VBN 33589 411 54 arcading arcading NN 33589 411 55 and and CC 33589 411 56 horizontal horizontal JJ 33589 411 57 cornices cornice NNS 33589 411 58 , , , 33589 411 59 and and CC 33589 411 60 the the DT 33589 411 61 association association NN 33589 411 62 on on IN 33589 411 63 the the DT 33589 411 64 west west JJ 33589 411 65 front front NN 33589 411 66 of of IN 33589 411 67 rounded round VBN 33589 411 68 with with IN 33589 411 69 stilted stilted JJ 33589 411 70 arches arch NNS 33589 411 71 , , , 33589 411 72 the the DT 33589 411 73 last last JJ 33589 411 74 a a DT 33589 411 75 peculiarity peculiarity NN 33589 411 76 also also RB 33589 411 77 of of IN 33589 411 78 the the DT 33589 411 79 cathedral cathedral NN 33589 411 80 at at IN 33589 411 81 Orvieto Orvieto NNP 33589 411 82 , , , 33589 411 83 the the DT 33589 411 84 façade façade NN 33589 411 85 of of IN 33589 411 86 which which WDT 33589 411 87 is be VBZ 33589 411 88 one one CD 33589 411 89 of of IN 33589 411 90 the the DT 33589 411 91 most most RBS 33589 411 92 beautiful beautiful JJ 33589 411 93 in in IN 33589 411 94 Italy Italy NNP 33589 411 95 . . . 33589 412 1 The the DT 33589 412 2 Gothic gothic JJ 33589 412 3 work work NN 33589 412 4 of of IN 33589 412 5 Southern Southern NNP 33589 412 6 Italy Italy NNP 33589 412 7 is be VBZ 33589 412 8 far far RB 33589 412 9 more more JJR 33589 412 10 florid florid NN 33589 412 11 than than IN 33589 412 12 that that DT 33589 412 13 of of IN 33589 412 14 the the DT 33589 412 15 rest rest NN 33589 412 16 of of IN 33589 412 17 the the DT 33589 412 18 peninsula peninsula NN 33589 412 19 , , , 33589 412 20 and and CC 33589 412 21 this this DT 33589 412 22 is be VBZ 33589 412 23 equally equally RB 33589 412 24 true true JJ 33589 412 25 of of IN 33589 412 26 that that DT 33589 412 27 of of IN 33589 412 28 Sicily Sicily NNP 33589 412 29 . . . 33589 413 1 In in IN 33589 413 2 the the DT 33589 413 3 churches church NNS 33589 413 4 of of IN 33589 413 5 both both DT 33589 413 6 , , , 33589 413 7 as as IN 33589 413 8 in in IN 33589 413 9 the the DT 33589 413 10 earlier early JJR 33589 413 11 Romanesque romanesque JJ 33589 413 12 buildings building NNS 33589 413 13 already already RB 33589 413 14 noticed notice VBN 33589 413 15 , , , 33589 413 16 Saracenic Saracenic NNP 33589 413 17 , , , 33589 413 18 Greek Greek NNP 33589 413 19 , , , 33589 413 20 and and CC 33589 413 21 Roman roman JJ 33589 413 22 influences influence NNS 33589 413 23 are be VBP 33589 413 24 alike alike RB 33589 413 25 noticeable noticeable JJ 33589 413 26 , , , 33589 413 27 especially especially RB 33589 413 28 in in IN 33589 413 29 those those DT 33589 413 30 of of IN 33589 413 31 Naples Naples NNP 33589 413 32 and and CC 33589 413 33 the the DT 33589 413 34 Cathedrals Cathedrals NNPS 33589 413 35 of of IN 33589 413 36 Palermo Palermo NNP 33589 413 37 , , , 33589 413 38 Monreale Monreale NNP 33589 413 39 , , , 33589 413 40 and and CC 33589 413 41 Messina Messina NNP 33589 413 42 , , , 33589 413 43 the the DT 33589 413 44 three three CD 33589 413 45 last last JJ 33589 413 46 named name VBN 33589 413 47 combining combine VBG 33589 413 48 the the DT 33589 413 49 pointed pointed JJ 33589 413 50 arch arch JJ 33589 413 51 distinctive distinctive NN 33589 413 52 of of IN 33589 413 53 Gothic Gothic NNP 33589 413 54 , , , 33589 413 55 with with IN 33589 413 56 the the DT 33589 413 57 elaborate elaborate JJ 33589 413 58 surface surface NN 33589 413 59 decoration decoration NN 33589 413 60 so so RB 33589 413 61 characteristic characteristic JJ 33589 413 62 of of IN 33589 413 63 the the DT 33589 413 64 Norman Norman NNP 33589 413 65 style style NN 33589 413 66 . . . 33589 414 1 German german JJ 33589 414 2 architects architect NNS 33589 414 3 did do VBD 33589 414 4 not not RB 33589 414 5 adopt adopt VB 33589 414 6 the the DT 33589 414 7 pointed pointed JJ 33589 414 8 arch arch NN 33589 414 9 until until IN 33589 414 10 considerably considerably RB 33589 414 11 later later RB 33589 414 12 than than IN 33589 414 13 those those DT 33589 414 14 of of IN 33589 414 15 the the DT 33589 414 16 south south NNP 33589 414 17 and and CC 33589 414 18 west west NN 33589 414 19 of of IN 33589 414 20 Europe Europe NNP 33589 414 21 , , , 33589 414 22 but but CC 33589 414 23 to to TO 33589 414 24 atone atone VB 33589 414 25 for for IN 33589 414 26 this this DT 33589 414 27 they -PRON- PRP 33589 414 28 delighted delight VBD 33589 414 29 in in IN 33589 414 30 highly highly RB 33589 414 31 pitched pitch VBN 33589 414 32 roofs roof NNS 33589 414 33 with with IN 33589 414 34 stilted stilted JJ 33589 414 35 gables gable NNS 33589 414 36 , , , 33589 414 37 and and CC 33589 414 38 lofty lofty JJ 33589 414 39 towers tower NNS 33589 414 40 , , , 33589 414 41 with with IN 33589 414 42 pointed pointed JJ 33589 414 43 roofs roof NNS 33589 414 44 and and CC 33589 414 45 tapering tapering JJ 33589 414 46 spires spire NNS 33589 414 47 . . . 33589 415 1 The the DT 33589 415 2 exteriors exterior NNS 33589 415 3 of of IN 33589 415 4 their -PRON- PRP$ 33589 415 5 buildings building NNS 33589 415 6 differ differ VBP 33589 415 7 very very RB 33589 415 8 greatly greatly RB 33589 415 9 from from IN 33589 415 10 the the DT 33589 415 11 interiors interior NNS 33589 415 12 , , , 33589 415 13 in in IN 33589 415 14 which which WDT 33589 415 15 the the DT 33589 415 16 round round RB 33589 415 17 - - HYPH 33589 415 18 headed head VBN 33589 415 19 windows window NNS 33589 415 20 and and CC 33589 415 21 semicircular semicircular JJ 33589 415 22 arches arch NNS 33589 415 23 of of IN 33589 415 24 the the DT 33589 415 25 Romanesque romanesque JJ 33589 415 26 style style NN 33589 415 27 are be VBP 33589 415 28 retained retain VBN 33589 415 29 , , , 33589 415 30 enriched enrich VBN 33589 415 31 , , , 33589 415 32 however however RB 33589 415 33 , , , 33589 415 34 with with IN 33589 415 35 beautiful beautiful JJ 33589 415 36 and and CC 33589 415 37 ornate ornate JJ 33589 415 38 carving carving NN 33589 415 39 . . . 33589 416 1 The the DT 33589 416 2 term term NN 33589 416 3 round round RB 33589 416 4 - - HYPH 33589 416 5 arched arch VBN 33589 416 6 Gothic Gothic NNP 33589 416 7 is be VBZ 33589 416 8 therefore therefore RB 33589 416 9 often often RB 33589 416 10 applied apply VBN 33589 416 11 to to IN 33589 416 12 the the DT 33589 416 13 earliest early JJS 33589 416 14 phase phase NN 33589 416 15 of of IN 33589 416 16 the the DT 33589 416 17 style style NN 33589 416 18 in in IN 33589 416 19 Germany Germany NNP 33589 416 20 , , , 33589 416 21 of of IN 33589 416 22 which which WDT 33589 416 23 good good JJ 33589 416 24 examples example NNS 33589 416 25 are be VBP 33589 416 26 the the DT 33589 416 27 Churches Churches NNPS 33589 416 28 of of IN 33589 416 29 the the DT 33589 416 30 Holy Holy NNP 33589 416 31 Apostles Apostles NNPS 33589 416 32 , , , 33589 416 33 of of IN 33589 416 34 S. S. NNP 33589 416 35 Martin Martin NNP 33589 416 36 and and CC 33589 416 37 S. S. NNP 33589 416 38 Maria Maria NNP 33589 416 39 in in IN 33589 416 40 Capitolo Capitolo NNP 33589 416 41 , , , 33589 416 42 all all DT 33589 416 43 in in IN 33589 416 44 Cologne Cologne NNP 33589 416 45 , , , 33589 416 46 the the DT 33589 416 47 Abbey Abbey NNP 33589 416 48 Churches Churches NNPS 33589 416 49 of of IN 33589 416 50 Arnstein Arnstein NNP 33589 416 51 and and CC 33589 416 52 Andernach Andernach NNP 33589 416 53 and and CC 33589 416 54 the the DT 33589 416 55 Liebfrauenkirche Liebfrauenkirche NNP 33589 416 56 at at IN 33589 416 57 Trèves Trèves NNP 33589 416 58 , , , 33589 416 59 the the DT 33589 416 60 last last JJ 33589 416 61 built build VBN 33589 416 62 on on IN 33589 416 63 the the DT 33589 416 64 foundations foundation NNS 33589 416 65 of of IN 33589 416 66 a a DT 33589 416 67 much much RB 33589 416 68 earlier early JJR 33589 416 69 chapel chapel NN 33589 416 70 . . . 33589 417 1 The the DT 33589 417 2 second second JJ 33589 417 3 phase phase NN 33589 417 4 of of IN 33589 417 5 Gothic gothic JJ 33589 417 6 architecture architecture NN 33589 417 7 in in IN 33589 417 8 Germany Germany NNP 33589 417 9 , , , 33589 417 10 in in IN 33589 417 11 which which WDT 33589 417 12 the the DT 33589 417 13 pointed pointed JJ 33589 417 14 arch arch NN 33589 417 15 was be VBD 33589 417 16 substituted substitute VBN 33589 417 17 for for IN 33589 417 18 the the DT 33589 417 19 semicircular semicircular JJ 33589 417 20 , , , 33589 417 21 did do VBD 33589 417 22 not not RB 33589 417 23 begin begin VB 33589 417 24 until until IN 33589 417 25 the the DT 33589 417 26 second second JJ 33589 417 27 half half NN 33589 417 28 of of IN 33589 417 29 the the DT 33589 417 30 13th 13th JJ 33589 417 31 century century NN 33589 417 32 . . . 33589 418 1 To to IN 33589 418 2 it -PRON- PRP 33589 418 3 belong belong VB 33589 418 4 the the DT 33589 418 5 greater great JJR 33589 418 6 part part NN 33589 418 7 of of IN 33589 418 8 the the DT 33589 418 9 Cathedral Cathedral NNP 33589 418 10 of of IN 33589 418 11 Strasburg Strasburg NNP 33589 418 12 , , , 33589 418 13 which which WDT 33589 418 14 combines combine VBZ 33589 418 15 , , , 33589 418 16 with with IN 33589 418 17 much much JJ 33589 418 18 beautiful beautiful JJ 33589 418 19 Romanesque romanesque JJ 33589 418 20 work work NN 33589 418 21 , , , 33589 418 22 a a DT 33589 418 23 typical typical JJ 33589 418 24 Gothic Gothic NNP 33589 418 25 façade façade NN 33589 418 26 with with IN 33589 418 27 a a DT 33589 418 28 fine fine JJ 33589 418 29 open open JJ 33589 418 30 tracery tracery NN 33589 418 31 spire spire NN 33589 418 32 , , , 33589 418 33 a a DT 33589 418 34 companion companion NN 33589 418 35 to to IN 33589 418 36 which which WDT 33589 418 37 was be VBD 33589 418 38 designed design VBN 33589 418 39 but but CC 33589 418 40 never never RB 33589 418 41 erected erect VBN 33589 418 42 . . . 33589 419 1 The the DT 33589 419 2 Cathedral Cathedral NNP 33589 419 3 of of IN 33589 419 4 Freiburg Freiburg NNP 33589 419 5 , , , 33589 419 6 with with IN 33589 419 7 a a DT 33589 419 8 graceful graceful JJ 33589 419 9 and and CC 33589 419 10 ornate ornate JJ 33589 419 11 spire spire NN 33589 419 12 , , , 33589 419 13 the the DT 33589 419 14 Church Church NNP 33589 419 15 of of IN 33589 419 16 S. S. NNP 33589 419 17 Stephen Stephen NNP 33589 419 18 at at IN 33589 419 19 Vienna Vienna NNP 33589 419 20 , , , 33589 419 21 with with IN 33589 419 22 aisles aisle NNS 33589 419 23 almost almost RB 33589 419 24 as as RB 33589 419 25 lofty lofty JJ 33589 419 26 as as IN 33589 419 27 the the DT 33589 419 28 nave nave NN 33589 419 29 , , , 33589 419 30 portions portion NNS 33589 419 31 of of IN 33589 419 32 the the DT 33589 419 33 Church Church NNP 33589 419 34 of of IN 33589 419 35 S. S. NNP 33589 419 36 Sebald Sebald NNP 33589 419 37 , , , 33589 419 38 Nuremberg Nuremberg NNP 33589 419 39 , , , 33589 419 40 the the DT 33589 419 41 decorative decorative JJ 33589 419 42 sculpture sculpture NN 33589 419 43 of of IN 33589 419 44 which which WDT 33589 419 45 is be VBZ 33589 419 46 remarkably remarkably RB 33589 419 47 fine fine JJ 33589 419 48 , , , 33589 419 49 and and CC 33589 419 50 , , , 33589 419 51 above above IN 33589 419 52 all all DT 33589 419 53 , , , 33589 419 54 the the DT 33589 419 55 Cathedral Cathedral NNP 33589 419 56 of of IN 33589 419 57 Cologne Cologne NNP 33589 419 58 , , , 33589 419 59 the the DT 33589 419 60 noblest noble JJS 33589 419 61 example example NN 33589 419 62 of of IN 33589 419 63 German German NNP 33589 419 64 Gothic Gothic NNP 33589 419 65 , , , 33589 419 66 with with IN 33589 419 67 an an DT 33589 419 68 exceptionally exceptionally RB 33589 419 69 symmetrical symmetrical JJ 33589 419 70 plan plan NN 33589 419 71 , , , 33589 419 72 which which WDT 33589 419 73 in in IN 33589 419 74 spite spite NN 33589 419 75 of of IN 33589 419 76 the the DT 33589 419 77 fact fact NN 33589 419 78 that that IN 33589 419 79 the the DT 33589 419 80 building building NN 33589 419 81 extended extend VBD 33589 419 82 over over IN 33589 419 83 more more JJR 33589 419 84 than than IN 33589 419 85 a a DT 33589 419 86 century century NN 33589 419 87 , , , 33589 419 88 and and CC 33589 419 89 that that IN 33589 419 90 the the DT 33589 419 91 west west NNP 33589 419 92 point point NN 33589 419 93 was be VBD 33589 419 94 only only RB 33589 419 95 completed complete VBN 33589 419 96 in in IN 33589 419 97 the the DT 33589 419 98 19th 19th JJ 33589 419 99 century century NN 33589 419 100 , , , 33589 419 101 was be VBD 33589 419 102 not not RB 33589 419 103 departed depart VBN 33589 419 104 from from IN 33589 419 105 , , , 33589 419 106 so so IN 33589 419 107 that that IN 33589 419 108 it -PRON- PRP 33589 419 109 remains remain VBZ 33589 419 110 a a DT 33589 419 111 unique unique JJ 33589 419 112 specimen speciman NNS 33589 419 113 of of IN 33589 419 114 mediæval mediæval NN 33589 419 115 design design NN 33589 419 116 . . . 33589 420 1 It -PRON- PRP 33589 420 2 has have VBZ 33589 420 3 a a DT 33589 420 4 noble noble JJ 33589 420 5 nave nave NN 33589 420 6 , , , 33589 420 7 double double JJ 33589 420 8 aisles aisle NNS 33589 420 9 , , , 33589 420 10 one one CD 33589 420 11 of of IN 33589 420 12 which which WDT 33589 420 13 is be VBZ 33589 420 14 continued continue VBN 33589 420 15 round round IN 33589 420 16 the the DT 33589 420 17 eastern eastern JJ 33589 420 18 apse apse NN 33589 420 19 and and CC 33589 420 20 is be VBZ 33589 420 21 divided divide VBN 33589 420 22 into into IN 33589 420 23 seven seven CD 33589 420 24 chapels chapel NNS 33589 420 25 , , , 33589 420 26 forming form VBG 33589 420 27 a a DT 33589 420 28 picturesque picturesque NN 33589 420 29 chevet chevet NNS 33589 420 30 . . . 33589 421 1 Massive massive JJ 33589 421 2 towers tower NNS 33589 421 3 with with IN 33589 421 4 a a DT 33589 421 5 tapering taper VBG 33589 421 6 central central JJ 33589 421 7 spire spire NN 33589 421 8 and and CC 33589 421 9 many many JJ 33589 421 10 pinnacles pinnacle NNS 33589 421 11 flank flank VBP 33589 421 12 the the DT 33589 421 13 western western JJ 33589 421 14 entrance entrance NN 33589 421 15 , , , 33589 421 16 elaborately elaborately RB 33589 421 17 decorated decorate VBN 33589 421 18 buttresses buttress NNS 33589 421 19 break break VBP 33589 421 20 the the DT 33589 421 21 long long JJ 33589 421 22 lines line NNS 33589 421 23 of of IN 33589 421 24 the the DT 33589 421 25 walls wall NNS 33589 421 26 , , , 33589 421 27 and and CC 33589 421 28 from from IN 33589 421 29 the the DT 33589 421 30 intersecting intersect VBG 33589 421 31 nave nave NN 33589 421 32 and and CC 33589 421 33 transepts transept NNS 33589 421 34 rises rise VBZ 33589 421 35 a a DT 33589 421 36 slender slender NN 33589 421 37 but but CC 33589 421 38 most most JJS 33589 421 39 effective effective JJ 33589 421 40 spire spire NN 33589 421 41 . . . 33589 422 1 [ [ -LRB- 33589 422 2 Illustration illustration NN 33589 422 3 : : : 33589 422 4 Plan plan NN 33589 422 5 of of IN 33589 422 6 Cologne Cologne NNP 33589 422 7 Cathedral Cathedral NNP 33589 422 8 ] ] -RRB- 33589 422 9 To to IN 33589 422 10 the the DT 33589 422 11 third third JJ 33589 422 12 period period NN 33589 422 13 of of IN 33589 422 14 Gothic gothic JJ 33589 422 15 architecture architecture NN 33589 422 16 in in IN 33589 422 17 Germany Germany NNP 33589 422 18 belong belong VBP 33589 422 19 Ulm Ulm NNP 33589 422 20 Cathedral Cathedral NNP 33589 422 21 , , , 33589 422 22 which which WDT 33589 422 23 has have VBZ 33589 422 24 a a DT 33589 422 25 nave nave NN 33589 422 26 of of IN 33589 422 27 exceptional exceptional JJ 33589 422 28 height height NN 33589 422 29 ; ; : 33589 422 30 the the DT 33589 422 31 unfinished unfinished JJ 33589 422 32 Church Church NNP 33589 422 33 of of IN 33589 422 34 S. S. NNP 33589 422 35 Barbara Barbara NNP 33589 422 36 at at IN 33589 422 37 Kullenberg Kullenberg NNP 33589 422 38 , , , 33589 422 39 with with IN 33589 422 40 a a DT 33589 422 41 very very RB 33589 422 42 picturesque picturesque JJ 33589 422 43 chevet chevet NNS 33589 422 44 , , , 33589 422 45 the the DT 33589 422 46 exterior exterior NN 33589 422 47 of of IN 33589 422 48 which which WDT 33589 422 49 is be VBZ 33589 422 50 most most RBS 33589 422 51 lavishly lavishly RB 33589 422 52 decorated decorate VBN 33589 422 53 , , , 33589 422 54 and and CC 33589 422 55 a a DT 33589 422 56 steeply steeply RB 33589 422 57 pitched pitch VBN 33589 422 58 roof roof NN 33589 422 59 of of IN 33589 422 60 unusual unusual JJ 33589 422 61 height height NN 33589 422 62 , , , 33589 422 63 with with IN 33589 422 64 soaring soar VBG 33589 422 65 towers tower NNS 33589 422 66 and and CC 33589 422 67 pinnacles pinnacle NNS 33589 422 68 ; ; : 33589 422 69 S. S. NNP 33589 422 70 Catherine Catherine NNP 33589 422 71 at at IN 33589 422 72 Oppenheim Oppenheim NNP 33589 422 73 , , , 33589 422 74 the the DT 33589 422 75 over over JJ 33589 422 76 ornate ornate JJ 33589 422 77 complex complex JJ 33589 422 78 decorative decorative JJ 33589 422 79 carvings carving NNS 33589 422 80 of of IN 33589 422 81 which which WDT 33589 422 82 are be VBP 33589 422 83 specially specially RB 33589 422 84 typical typical JJ 33589 422 85 ; ; : 33589 422 86 and and CC 33589 422 87 the the DT 33589 422 88 parish parish NNP 33589 422 89 Church Church NNP 33589 422 90 of of IN 33589 422 91 Thaun Thaun NNP 33589 422 92 , , , 33589 422 93 the the DT 33589 422 94 western western JJ 33589 422 95 portal portal NN 33589 422 96 of of IN 33589 422 97 which which WDT 33589 422 98 is be VBZ 33589 422 99 remarkably remarkably RB 33589 422 100 fine fine JJ 33589 422 101 . . . 33589 423 1 With with IN 33589 423 2 these these DT 33589 423 3 ecclesiastical ecclesiastical JJ 33589 423 4 buildings building NNS 33589 423 5 may may MD 33589 423 6 be be VB 33589 423 7 named name VBN 33589 423 8 the the DT 33589 423 9 town town NN 33589 423 10 halls hall NNS 33589 423 11 of of IN 33589 423 12 Lübeck Lübeck NNP 33589 423 13 , , , 33589 423 14 Brunswick Brunswick NNP 33589 423 15 , , , 33589 423 16 Münster Münster NNP 33589 423 17 , , , 33589 423 18 and and CC 33589 423 19 other other JJ 33589 423 20 German german JJ 33589 423 21 towns town NNS 33589 423 22 , , , 33589 423 23 which which WDT 33589 423 24 , , , 33589 423 25 though though IN 33589 423 26 they -PRON- PRP 33589 423 27 are be VBP 33589 423 28 neither neither RB 33589 423 29 so so RB 33589 423 30 beautiful beautiful JJ 33589 423 31 or or CC 33589 423 32 so so RB 33589 423 33 characteristic characteristic JJ 33589 423 34 as as IN 33589 423 35 those those DT 33589 423 36 of of IN 33589 423 37 Belgium Belgium NNP 33589 423 38 , , , 33589 423 39 are be VBP 33589 423 40 of of IN 33589 423 41 noble noble JJ 33589 423 42 and and CC 33589 423 43 symmetrical symmetrical JJ 33589 423 44 proportions proportion NNS 33589 423 45 , , , 33589 423 46 whilst whilst IN 33589 423 47 a a DT 33589 423 48 word word NN 33589 423 49 of of IN 33589 423 50 recognition recognition NN 33589 423 51 must must MD 33589 423 52 also also RB 33589 423 53 be be VB 33589 423 54 given give VBN 33589 423 55 to to IN 33589 423 56 the the DT 33589 423 57 beautiful beautiful JJ 33589 423 58 domestic domestic JJ 33589 423 59 architecture architecture NN 33589 423 60 of of IN 33589 423 61 Germany Germany NNP 33589 423 62 , , , 33589 423 63 especially especially RB 33589 423 64 that that DT 33589 423 65 of of IN 33589 423 66 Prague Prague NNP 33589 423 67 , , , 33589 423 68 Nuremberg Nuremberg NNP 33589 423 69 , , , 33589 423 70 and and CC 33589 423 71 Frankfort Frankfort NNP 33589 423 72 all all DT 33589 423 73 rich rich JJ 33589 423 74 in in IN 33589 423 75 survivals survival NNS 33589 423 76 of of IN 33589 423 77 mediæval mediæval NN 33589 423 78 times time NNS 33589 423 79 . . . 33589 424 1 CHAPTER CHAPTER NNP 33589 424 2 IX IX NNP 33589 424 3 GOTHIC GOTHIC NNP 33589 424 4 ARCHITECTURE ARCHITECTURE NNP 33589 424 5 IN in IN 33589 424 6 GREAT great JJ 33589 424 7 BRITAIN BRITAIN NNP 33589 424 8 [ [ -LRB- 33589 424 9 Illustration illustration NN 33589 424 10 : : : 33589 424 11 Early early JJ 33589 424 12 English English NNP 33589 424 13 Lancet Lancet NNP 33589 424 14 Window Window NNP 33589 424 15 ] ] -RRB- 33589 424 16 [ [ -LRB- 33589 424 17 Illustration illustration NN 33589 424 18 : : : 33589 424 19 Early early JJ 33589 424 20 English English NNP 33589 424 21 Window Window NNP 33589 424 22 ] ] -RRB- 33589 424 23 Gothic gothic JJ 33589 424 24 architecture architecture NN 33589 424 25 in in IN 33589 424 26 England England NNP 33589 424 27 and and CC 33589 424 28 Scotland Scotland NNP 33589 424 29 followed follow VBD 33589 424 30 to to IN 33589 424 31 some some DT 33589 424 32 extent extent NN 33589 424 33 the the DT 33589 424 34 same same JJ 33589 424 35 lines line NNS 33589 424 36 as as IN 33589 424 37 in in IN 33589 424 38 France France NNP 33589 424 39 , , , 33589 424 40 with with IN 33589 424 41 , , , 33589 424 42 however however RB 33589 424 43 , , , 33589 424 44 certain certain JJ 33589 424 45 notable notable JJ 33589 424 46 differences difference NNS 33589 424 47 that that WDT 33589 424 48 were be VBD 33589 424 49 the the DT 33589 424 50 outcome outcome NN 33589 424 51 of of IN 33589 424 52 the the DT 33589 424 53 national national JJ 33589 424 54 feeling feeling NN 33589 424 55 which which WDT 33589 424 56 had have VBD 33589 424 57 begun begin VBN 33589 424 58 to to TO 33589 424 59 make make VB 33589 424 60 itself -PRON- PRP 33589 424 61 felt feel VBN 33589 424 62 as as RB 33589 424 63 early early RB 33589 424 64 as as IN 33589 424 65 the the DT 33589 424 66 close close NN 33589 424 67 of of IN 33589 424 68 the the DT 33589 424 69 11th 11th JJ 33589 424 70 century century NN 33589 424 71 . . . 33589 425 1 Until until IN 33589 425 2 then then RB 33589 425 3 the the DT 33589 425 4 Normans Normans NNPS 33589 425 5 had have VBD 33589 425 6 remained remain VBN 33589 425 7 a a DT 33589 425 8 distinct distinct JJ 33589 425 9 and and CC 33589 425 10 alien alien JJ 33589 425 11 element element NN 33589 425 12 in in IN 33589 425 13 what what WP 33589 425 14 appeared appear VBD 33589 425 15 to to IN 33589 425 16 them -PRON- PRP 33589 425 17 a a DT 33589 425 18 foreign foreign JJ 33589 425 19 land land NN 33589 425 20 , , , 33589 425 21 but but CC 33589 425 22 now now RB 33589 425 23 they -PRON- PRP 33589 425 24 had have VBD 33589 425 25 become become VBN 33589 425 26 fused fuse VBN 33589 425 27 with with IN 33589 425 28 the the DT 33589 425 29 natives native NNS 33589 425 30 of of IN 33589 425 31 that that DT 33589 425 32 land land NN 33589 425 33 , , , 33589 425 34 sharing share VBG 33589 425 35 their -PRON- PRP$ 33589 425 36 æsthetic æsthetic JJ 33589 425 37 as as RB 33589 425 38 well well RB 33589 425 39 as as IN 33589 425 40 their -PRON- PRP$ 33589 425 41 political political JJ 33589 425 42 aspirations aspiration NNS 33589 425 43 . . . 33589 426 1 The the DT 33589 426 2 note note NN 33589 426 3 of of IN 33589 426 4 change change NN 33589 426 5 was be VBD 33589 426 6 first first RB 33589 426 7 sounded sound VBN 33589 426 8 in in IN 33589 426 9 the the DT 33589 426 10 architecture architecture NN 33589 426 11 of of IN 33589 426 12 the the DT 33589 426 13 now now RB 33589 426 14 united united NNP 33589 426 15 races race NNS 33589 426 16 in in IN 33589 426 17 a a DT 33589 426 18 rebellion rebellion NN 33589 426 19 against against IN 33589 426 20 the the DT 33589 426 21 heavy heavy JJ 33589 426 22 massiveness massiveness NN 33589 426 23 of of IN 33589 426 24 the the DT 33589 426 25 Norman Norman NNP 33589 426 26 style style NN 33589 426 27 , , , 33589 426 28 and and CC 33589 426 29 a a DT 33589 426 30 desire desire NN 33589 426 31 for for IN 33589 426 32 a a DT 33589 426 33 greater great JJR 33589 426 34 redundancy redundancy NN 33589 426 35 of of IN 33589 426 36 what what WP 33589 426 37 may may MD 33589 426 38 be be VB 33589 426 39 called call VBN 33589 426 40 structural structural JJ 33589 426 41 decoration decoration NN 33589 426 42 in in IN 33589 426 43 place place NN 33589 426 44 of of IN 33589 426 45 extraneous extraneous JJ 33589 426 46 surface surface NN 33589 426 47 ornamentation ornamentation NN 33589 426 48 . . . 33589 427 1 The the DT 33589 427 2 general general JJ 33589 427 3 proportions proportion NNS 33589 427 4 of of IN 33589 427 5 buildings building NNS 33589 427 6 gradually gradually RB 33589 427 7 became become VBD 33589 427 8 slenderer slenderer NN 33589 427 9 , , , 33589 427 10 the the DT 33589 427 11 walls wall NNS 33589 427 12 loftier loftier RBR 33589 427 13 , , , 33589 427 14 the the DT 33589 427 15 windows window NNS 33589 427 16 longer long RBR 33589 427 17 , , , 33589 427 18 the the DT 33589 427 19 piers pier NNS 33589 427 20 and and CC 33589 427 21 columns column NNS 33589 427 22 slighter slighter NN 33589 427 23 , , , 33589 427 24 and and CC 33589 427 25 the the DT 33589 427 26 arches arch NNS 33589 427 27 more more RBR 33589 427 28 pointed point VBD 33589 427 29 , , , 33589 427 30 these these DT 33589 427 31 peculiarities peculiarity NNS 33589 427 32 becoming become VBG 33589 427 33 more more RBR 33589 427 34 and and CC 33589 427 35 more more RBR 33589 427 36 accentuated accentuated JJ 33589 427 37 as as IN 33589 427 38 time time NN 33589 427 39 went go VBD 33589 427 40 on on RP 33589 427 41 , , , 33589 427 42 till till IN 33589 427 43 they -PRON- PRP 33589 427 44 culminated culminate VBD 33589 427 45 in in IN 33589 427 46 the the DT 33589 427 47 noble noble JJ 33589 427 48 and and CC 33589 427 49 exquisitely exquisitely RB 33589 427 50 beautiful beautiful JJ 33589 427 51 cathedrals cathedral NNS 33589 427 52 and and CC 33589 427 53 churches church NNS 33589 427 54 that that WDT 33589 427 55 vied vie VBD 33589 427 56 even even RB 33589 427 57 with with IN 33589 427 58 the the DT 33589 427 59 best good JJS 33589 427 60 of of IN 33589 427 61 those those DT 33589 427 62 of of IN 33589 427 63 Northern Northern NNP 33589 427 64 France France NNP 33589 427 65 . . . 33589 428 1 [ [ -LRB- 33589 428 2 Illustration illustration NN 33589 428 3 : : : 33589 428 4 Early early JJ 33589 428 5 English English NNP 33589 428 6 Capital Capital NNP 33589 428 7 ] ] -RRB- 33589 428 8 It -PRON- PRP 33589 428 9 is be VBZ 33589 428 10 usual usual JJ 33589 428 11 to to TO 33589 428 12 divide divide VB 33589 428 13 the the DT 33589 428 14 development development NN 33589 428 15 of of IN 33589 428 16 English English NNP 33589 428 17 Gothic Gothic NNP 33589 428 18 architecture architecture NN 33589 428 19 into into IN 33589 428 20 three three CD 33589 428 21 periods period NNS 33589 428 22 : : : 33589 428 23 the the DT 33589 428 24 Early Early NNP 33589 428 25 English English NNP 33589 428 26 , , , 33589 428 27 the the DT 33589 428 28 Decorated Decorated NNP 33589 428 29 , , , 33589 428 30 and and CC 33589 428 31 the the DT 33589 428 32 Perpendicular Perpendicular NNP 33589 428 33 -- -- : 33589 428 34 the the DT 33589 428 35 first first JJ 33589 428 36 prevailing prevailing NN 33589 428 37 from from IN 33589 428 38 about about IN 33589 428 39 1189 1189 CD 33589 428 40 to to IN 33589 428 41 1307 1307 CD 33589 428 42 , , , 33589 428 43 the the DT 33589 428 44 second second JJ 33589 428 45 from from IN 33589 428 46 the the DT 33589 428 47 latter latter JJ 33589 428 48 date date NN 33589 428 49 to to IN 33589 428 50 1380 1380 CD 33589 428 51 , , , 33589 428 52 and and CC 33589 428 53 the the DT 33589 428 54 third third JJ 33589 428 55 from from IN 33589 428 56 1380 1380 CD 33589 428 57 to to IN 33589 428 58 1485 1485 CD 33589 428 59 , , , 33589 428 60 whilst whilst IN 33589 428 61 the the DT 33589 428 62 name name NN 33589 428 63 of of IN 33589 428 64 Tudor Tudor NNP 33589 428 65 has have VBZ 33589 428 66 been be VBN 33589 428 67 given give VBN 33589 428 68 to to IN 33589 428 69 the the DT 33589 428 70 transitional transitional JJ 33589 428 71 time time NN 33589 428 72 between between IN 33589 428 73 the the DT 33589 428 74 last last JJ 33589 428 75 phase phase NN 33589 428 76 of of IN 33589 428 77 Gothic Gothic NNP 33589 428 78 and and CC 33589 428 79 the the DT 33589 428 80 introduction introduction NN 33589 428 81 of of IN 33589 428 82 the the DT 33589 428 83 Renaissance Renaissance NNP 33589 428 84 style style NN 33589 428 85 , , , 33589 428 86 lasting last VBG 33589 428 87 from from IN 33589 428 88 1485 1485 CD 33589 428 89 to to IN 33589 428 90 about about RB 33589 428 91 1546 1546 CD 33589 428 92 . . . 33589 429 1 It -PRON- PRP 33589 429 2 must must MD 33589 429 3 , , , 33589 429 4 however however RB 33589 429 5 , , , 33589 429 6 be be VB 33589 429 7 added add VBN 33589 429 8 that that IN 33589 429 9 hardly hardly RB 33589 429 10 any any DT 33589 429 11 buildings building NNS 33589 429 12 exist exist VBP 33589 429 13 belonging belong VBG 33589 429 14 entirely entirely RB 33589 429 15 to to IN 33589 429 16 one one CD 33589 429 17 period period NN 33589 429 18 , , , 33589 429 19 architects architect NNS 33589 429 20 having have VBG 33589 429 21 in in IN 33589 429 22 almost almost RB 33589 429 23 every every DT 33589 429 24 case case NN 33589 429 25 been be VBN 33589 429 26 compelled compel VBN 33589 429 27 to to TO 33589 429 28 be be VB 33589 429 29 content content JJ 33589 429 30 with with IN 33589 429 31 adding add VBG 33589 429 32 to to IN 33589 429 33 or or CC 33589 429 34 modifying modify VBG 33589 429 35 the the DT 33589 429 36 work work NN 33589 429 37 of of IN 33589 429 38 their -PRON- PRP$ 33589 429 39 predecessors predecessor NNS 33589 429 40 . . . 33589 430 1 Amongst amongst IN 33589 430 2 the the DT 33589 430 3 characteristics characteristic NNS 33589 430 4 of of IN 33589 430 5 Early early JJ 33589 430 6 English english JJ 33589 430 7 architecture architecture NN 33589 430 8 are be VBP 33589 430 9 groined groin VBN 33589 430 10 vaulting vault VBG 33589 430 11 with with IN 33589 430 12 main main JJ 33589 430 13 diagonal diagonal JJ 33589 430 14 ribs rib NNS 33589 430 15 only only RB 33589 430 16 , , , 33589 430 17 long long JJ 33589 430 18 narrow narrow JJ 33589 430 19 lancet lancet NN 33589 430 20 - - HYPH 33589 430 21 headed head VBN 33589 430 22 windows window NNS 33589 430 23 , , , 33589 430 24 clustered clustered JJ 33589 430 25 piers pier NNS 33589 430 26 with with IN 33589 430 27 capitals capital NNS 33589 430 28 consisting consist VBG 33589 430 29 generally generally RB 33589 430 30 of of IN 33589 430 31 delicately delicately RB 33589 430 32 carved carve VBN 33589 430 33 foliage foliage NN 33589 430 34 , , , 33589 430 35 pointed point VBN 33589 430 36 arcading arcading NN 33589 430 37 , , , 33589 430 38 the the DT 33589 430 39 archivolt archivolt NN 33589 430 40 or or CC 33589 430 41 arched arched JJ 33589 430 42 portion portion NN 33589 430 43 enriched enrich VBN 33589 430 44 with with IN 33589 430 45 mouldings moulding NNS 33589 430 46 , , , 33589 430 47 in in IN 33589 430 48 which which WDT 33589 430 49 the the DT 33589 430 50 ornament ornament NN 33589 430 51 known know VBN 33589 430 52 as as IN 33589 430 53 the the DT 33589 430 54 dog dog NN 33589 430 55 - - HYPH 33589 430 56 tooth tooth NN 33589 430 57 is be VBZ 33589 430 58 of of IN 33589 430 59 frequent frequent JJ 33589 430 60 occurrence occurrence NN 33589 430 61 , , , 33589 430 62 ornate ornate JJ 33589 430 63 yet yet CC 33589 430 64 dignified dignified JJ 33589 430 65 western western JJ 33589 430 66 façades façade NNS 33589 430 67 with with IN 33589 430 68 deeply deeply RB 33589 430 69 recessed recess VBN 33589 430 70 doorways doorway NNS 33589 430 71 decorated decorate VBN 33589 430 72 with with IN 33589 430 73 slender slend JJR 33589 430 74 columns column NNS 33589 430 75 and and CC 33589 430 76 beautiful beautiful JJ 33589 430 77 bas bas NN 33589 430 78 - - HYPH 33589 430 79 reliefs relief NNS 33589 430 80 , , , 33589 430 81 high high JJ 33589 430 82 - - HYPH 33589 430 83 pitched pitch VBN 33589 430 84 roofs roof NNS 33589 430 85 with with IN 33589 430 86 stilted stilted JJ 33589 430 87 gable gable JJ 33589 430 88 ends end NNS 33589 430 89 , , , 33589 430 90 lofty lofty JJ 33589 430 91 towers tower NNS 33589 430 92 and and CC 33589 430 93 spires spire NNS 33589 430 94 , , , 33589 430 95 and and CC 33589 430 96 plain plain JJ 33589 430 97 buttresses buttress NNS 33589 430 98 ranged range VBN 33589 430 99 in in IN 33589 430 100 pairs pair NNS 33589 430 101 at at IN 33589 430 102 the the DT 33589 430 103 angles angle NNS 33589 430 104 of of IN 33589 430 105 buildings building NNS 33589 430 106 . . . 33589 431 1 The the DT 33589 431 2 Early early JJ 33589 431 3 English english JJ 33589 431 4 lancet lancet NN 33589 431 5 window window NN 33589 431 6 has have VBZ 33589 431 7 a a DT 33589 431 8 unique unique JJ 33589 431 9 significance significance NN 33589 431 10 in in IN 33589 431 11 the the DT 33589 431 12 development development NN 33589 431 13 of of IN 33589 431 14 Gothic Gothic NNP 33589 431 15 architecture architecture NN 33589 431 16 this this DT 33589 431 17 side side NN 33589 431 18 of of IN 33589 431 19 the the DT 33589 431 20 Channel Channel NNP 33589 431 21 , , , 33589 431 22 for for IN 33589 431 23 it -PRON- PRP 33589 431 24 inaugurated inaugurate VBD 33589 431 25 an an DT 33589 431 26 important important JJ 33589 431 27 structural structural JJ 33589 431 28 change change NN 33589 431 29 , , , 33589 431 30 its -PRON- PRP$ 33589 431 31 constantly constantly RB 33589 431 32 increasing increase VBG 33589 431 33 length length NN 33589 431 34 aiding aid VBG 33589 431 35 greatly greatly RB 33589 431 36 in in IN 33589 431 37 the the DT 33589 431 38 breaking breaking NN 33589 431 39 up up RP 33589 431 40 of of IN 33589 431 41 the the DT 33589 431 42 triple triple JJ 33589 431 43 division division NN 33589 431 44 of of IN 33589 431 45 walls wall NNS 33589 431 46 -- -- : 33589 431 47 supposed suppose VBN 33589 431 48 by by IN 33589 431 49 some some DT 33589 431 50 to to TO 33589 431 51 have have VB 33589 431 52 been be VBN 33589 431 53 emblematic emblematic JJ 33589 431 54 of of IN 33589 431 55 the the DT 33589 431 56 Holy Holy NNP 33589 431 57 Trinity Trinity NNP 33589 431 58 -- -- : 33589 431 59 with with IN 33589 431 60 arcading arcading NN 33589 431 61 , , , 33589 431 62 triforium triforium NN 33589 431 63 , , , 33589 431 64 and and CC 33589 431 65 clerestory clerestory NN 33589 431 66 . . . 33589 432 1 By by IN 33589 432 2 slow slow JJ 33589 432 3 degrees degree NNS 33589 432 4 the the DT 33589 432 5 triforium triforium NN 33589 432 6 was be VBD 33589 432 7 first first RB 33589 432 8 reduced reduce VBN 33589 432 9 to to IN 33589 432 10 a a DT 33589 432 11 mere mere JJ 33589 432 12 decorative decorative JJ 33589 432 13 feature feature NN 33589 432 14 , , , 33589 432 15 and and CC 33589 432 16 then then RB 33589 432 17 eliminated eliminate VBD 33589 432 18 altogether altogether RB 33589 432 19 , , , 33589 432 20 whilst whilst IN 33589 432 21 the the DT 33589 432 22 clerestory clerestory NN 33589 432 23 usurped usurp VBD 33589 432 24 its -PRON- PRP$ 33589 432 25 place place NN 33589 432 26 in in IN 33589 432 27 addition addition NN 33589 432 28 to to IN 33589 432 29 its -PRON- PRP$ 33589 432 30 own own JJ 33589 432 31 . . . 33589 433 1 [ [ -LRB- 33589 433 2 Illustration illustration NN 33589 433 3 : : : 33589 433 4 Early early JJ 33589 433 5 English English NNP 33589 433 6 Capital Capital NNP 33589 433 7 ] ] -RRB- 33589 433 8 [ [ -LRB- 33589 433 9 Illustration illustration NN 33589 433 10 : : : 33589 433 11 Early early JJ 33589 433 12 English English NNP 33589 433 13 Capital Capital NNP 33589 433 14 ] ] -RRB- 33589 433 15 [ [ -LRB- 33589 433 16 Illustration illustration NN 33589 433 17 : : : 33589 433 18 Base Base NNP 33589 433 19 of of IN 33589 433 20 Early Early NNP 33589 433 21 English English NNP 33589 433 22 Pillar Pillar NNP 33589 433 23 ] ] -RRB- 33589 433 24 [ [ -LRB- 33589 433 25 Illustration illustration NN 33589 433 26 : : : 33589 433 27 Capitals capital NNS 33589 433 28 of of IN 33589 433 29 Early early JJ 33589 433 30 English English NNP 33589 433 31 Clustered Clustered NNP 33589 433 32 Pillar Pillar NNP 33589 433 33 ] ] -RRB- 33589 433 34 In in IN 33589 433 35 Decorated decorated JJ 33589 433 36 buildings building NNS 33589 433 37 the the DT 33589 433 38 windows window NNS 33589 433 39 are be VBP 33589 433 40 larger large JJR 33589 433 41 and and CC 33589 433 42 divided divide VBN 33589 433 43 into into IN 33589 433 44 a a DT 33589 433 45 greater great JJR 33589 433 46 number number NN 33589 433 47 of of IN 33589 433 48 lights light NNS 33589 433 49 than than IN 33589 433 50 in in IN 33589 433 51 Early early JJ 33589 433 52 English English NNP 33589 433 53 , , , 33589 433 54 the the DT 33589 433 55 heads head NNS 33589 433 56 being be VBG 33589 433 57 filled fill VBN 33589 433 58 with with IN 33589 433 59 tracery tracery NN 33589 433 60 of of IN 33589 433 61 geometrical geometrical JJ 33589 433 62 design design NN 33589 433 63 ; ; : 33589 433 64 the the DT 33589 433 65 façades façade NNS 33589 433 66 are be VBP 33589 433 67 more more RBR 33589 433 68 complicated complicated JJ 33589 433 69 and and CC 33589 433 70 at at IN 33589 433 71 the the DT 33589 433 72 same same JJ 33589 433 73 time time NN 33589 433 74 less less RBR 33589 433 75 effective effective JJ 33589 433 76 , , , 33589 433 77 the the DT 33589 433 78 towers tower NNS 33589 433 79 and and CC 33589 433 80 spires spire NNS 33589 433 81 are be VBP 33589 433 82 loftier lofty JJR 33589 433 83 and and CC 33589 433 84 supplemented supplement VBN 33589 433 85 by by IN 33589 433 86 many many JJ 33589 433 87 pinnacles pinnacle NNS 33589 433 88 and and CC 33589 433 89 finials finial NNS 33589 433 90 , , , 33589 433 91 flying fly VBG 33589 433 92 buttresses buttress NNS 33589 433 93 are be VBP 33589 433 94 multiplied multiply VBN 33589 433 95 ; ; : 33589 433 96 parapets parapet NNS 33589 433 97 with with IN 33589 433 98 pierced pierce VBN 33589 433 99 openings opening NNS 33589 433 100 , , , 33589 433 101 canopied canopy VBD 33589 433 102 niches niche NNS 33589 433 103 containing contain VBG 33589 433 104 figures figure NNS 33589 433 105 and and CC 33589 433 106 other other JJ 33589 433 107 purely purely RB 33589 433 108 decorative decorative JJ 33589 433 109 features feature NNS 33589 433 110 give give VB 33589 433 111 to to IN 33589 433 112 the the DT 33589 433 113 exteriors exterior NNS 33589 433 114 a a DT 33589 433 115 great great JJ 33589 433 116 richness richness NN 33589 433 117 of of IN 33589 433 118 general general JJ 33589 433 119 appearance appearance NN 33589 433 120 . . . 33589 434 1 In in IN 33589 434 2 the the DT 33589 434 3 interiors interior NNS 33589 434 4 the the DT 33589 434 5 simple simple JJ 33589 434 6 Early early JJ 33589 434 7 English English NNP 33589 434 8 vaulting vaulting NN 33589 434 9 is be VBZ 33589 434 10 superseded supersede VBN 33589 434 11 by by IN 33589 434 12 roofs roof NNS 33589 434 13 divided divide VBN 33589 434 14 into into IN 33589 434 15 a a DT 33589 434 16 great great JJ 33589 434 17 number number NN 33589 434 18 of of IN 33589 434 19 different different JJ 33589 434 20 compartments compartment NNS 33589 434 21 , , , 33589 434 22 the the DT 33589 434 23 points point NNS 33589 434 24 of of IN 33589 434 25 intersection intersection NN 33589 434 26 being be VBG 33589 434 27 marked mark VBN 33589 434 28 by by IN 33589 434 29 stone stone NN 33589 434 30 bosses boss NNS 33589 434 31 or or CC 33589 434 32 masses masse NNS 33589 434 33 of of IN 33589 434 34 carving carving NN 33589 434 35 , , , 33589 434 36 whilst whilst IN 33589 434 37 increased increase VBN 33589 434 38 lavishness lavishness NN 33589 434 39 of of IN 33589 434 40 decoration decoration NN 33589 434 41 characterises characterise VBZ 33589 434 42 every every DT 33589 434 43 portion portion NN 33589 434 44 of of IN 33589 434 45 the the DT 33589 434 46 building building NN 33589 434 47 , , , 33589 434 48 mouldings moulding NNS 33589 434 49 of of IN 33589 434 50 a a DT 33589 434 51 great great JJ 33589 434 52 variety variety NN 33589 434 53 , , , 33589 434 54 amongst amongst IN 33589 434 55 which which WDT 33589 434 56 the the DT 33589 434 57 ballflower ballflower NN 33589 434 58 is be VBZ 33589 434 59 of of IN 33589 434 60 frequent frequent JJ 33589 434 61 occurrence occurrence NN 33589 434 62 , , , 33589 434 63 being be VBG 33589 434 64 introduced introduce VBN 33589 434 65 wherever wherever WRB 33589 434 66 possible possible JJ 33589 434 67 . . . 33589 435 1 [ [ -LRB- 33589 435 2 Illustration illustration NN 33589 435 3 : : : 33589 435 4 Early early JJ 33589 435 5 English English NNP 33589 435 6 Ornaments Ornaments NNPS 33589 435 7 ] ] -RRB- 33589 435 8 [ [ -LRB- 33589 435 9 Illustration illustration NN 33589 435 10 : : : 33589 435 11 Early early JJ 33589 435 12 English English NNP 33589 435 13 Ornaments Ornaments NNPS 33589 435 14 ] ] -RRB- 33589 435 15 In in IN 33589 435 16 Perpendicular Perpendicular NNP 33589 435 17 Gothic Gothic NNP 33589 435 18 , , , 33589 435 19 as as IN 33589 435 20 its -PRON- PRP$ 33589 435 21 name name NN 33589 435 22 implies imply VBZ 33589 435 23 , , , 33589 435 24 the the DT 33589 435 25 vertical vertical JJ 33589 435 26 tendency tendency NN 33589 435 27 became become VBD 33589 435 28 ever ever RB 33589 435 29 more more RBR 33589 435 30 and and CC 33589 435 31 more more RBR 33589 435 32 marked marked JJ 33589 435 33 ; ; : 33589 435 34 towers tower NNS 33589 435 35 , , , 33589 435 36 spires spire NNS 33589 435 37 , , , 33589 435 38 and and CC 33589 435 39 pinnacles pinnacle NNS 33589 435 40 became become VBD 33589 435 41 more more RBR 33589 435 42 and and CC 33589 435 43 more more RBR 33589 435 44 numerous numerous JJ 33589 435 45 , , , 33589 435 46 all all DT 33589 435 47 decreasing decrease VBG 33589 435 48 in in IN 33589 435 49 bulk bulk NN 33589 435 50 and and CC 33589 435 51 increasing increase VBG 33589 435 52 in in IN 33589 435 53 height height NN 33589 435 54 . . . 33589 436 1 Turrets turret NNS 33589 436 2 with with IN 33589 436 3 many many JJ 33589 436 4 airy airy JJ 33589 436 5 finials finial NNS 33589 436 6 , , , 33589 436 7 springing spring VBG 33589 436 8 from from IN 33589 436 9 flying fly VBG 33589 436 10 buttresses buttress NNS 33589 436 11 that that WDT 33589 436 12 were be VBD 33589 436 13 adorned adorn VBN 33589 436 14 with with IN 33589 436 15 figures figure NNS 33589 436 16 of of IN 33589 436 17 lions lion NNS 33589 436 18 , , , 33589 436 19 dragons dragon NNS 33589 436 20 , , , 33589 436 21 and and CC 33589 436 22 other other JJ 33589 436 23 symbolic symbolic JJ 33589 436 24 creatures creature NNS 33589 436 25 , , , 33589 436 26 rise rise VBP 33589 436 27 above above IN 33589 436 28 equally equally RB 33589 436 29 ornate ornate JJ 33589 436 30 parapets parapet NNS 33589 436 31 , , , 33589 436 32 the the DT 33589 436 33 dignified dignified JJ 33589 436 34 single single RB 33589 436 35 - - HYPH 33589 436 36 centred centre VBN 33589 436 37 arch arch NN 33589 436 38 was be VBD 33589 436 39 replaced replace VBN 33589 436 40 by by IN 33589 436 41 a a DT 33589 436 42 four four CD 33589 436 43 - - HYPH 33589 436 44 centred centre VBN 33589 436 45 form form NN 33589 436 46 , , , 33589 436 47 and and CC 33589 436 48 rectilinear rectilinear JJ 33589 436 49 lines line NNS 33589 436 50 superseded supersede VBD 33589 436 51 the the DT 33589 436 52 beautifully beautifully RB 33589 436 53 flowing flow VBG 33589 436 54 tracery tracery NN 33589 436 55 of of IN 33589 436 56 earlier early JJR 33589 436 57 windows window NNS 33589 436 58 . . . 33589 437 1 It -PRON- PRP 33589 437 2 was be VBD 33589 437 3 , , , 33589 437 4 however however RB 33589 437 5 , , , 33589 437 6 the the DT 33589 437 7 complex complex JJ 33589 437 8 and and CC 33589 437 9 exquisitely exquisitely RB 33589 437 10 delicate delicate JJ 33589 437 11 groined groin VBD 33589 437 12 roofing roofing NN 33589 437 13 that that IN 33589 437 14 chiefly chiefly RB 33589 437 15 characterised characterise VBD 33589 437 16 the the DT 33589 437 17 Perpendicular perpendicular JJ 33589 437 18 style style NN 33589 437 19 , , , 33589 437 20 lending lend VBG 33589 437 21 to to IN 33589 437 22 the the DT 33589 437 23 interior interior NN 33589 437 24 of of IN 33589 437 25 the the DT 33589 437 26 buildings building NNS 33589 437 27 in in IN 33589 437 28 which which WDT 33589 437 29 it -PRON- PRP 33589 437 30 was be VBD 33589 437 31 employed employ VBN 33589 437 32 an an DT 33589 437 33 ethereal ethereal JJ 33589 437 34 charm charm NN 33589 437 35 that that WDT 33589 437 36 has have VBZ 33589 437 37 never never RB 33589 437 38 been be VBN 33589 437 39 surpassed surpass VBN 33589 437 40 . . . 33589 438 1 In in IN 33589 438 2 the the DT 33589 438 3 so so RB 33589 438 4 - - HYPH 33589 438 5 called call VBN 33589 438 6 fan fan NN 33589 438 7 - - HYPH 33589 438 8 tracery tracery NN 33589 438 9 roof roof NN 33589 438 10 , , , 33589 438 11 that that WDT 33589 438 12 was be VBD 33589 438 13 the the DT 33589 438 14 culmination culmination NN 33589 438 15 of of IN 33589 438 16 this this DT 33589 438 17 distinctive distinctive JJ 33589 438 18 form form NN 33589 438 19 of of IN 33589 438 20 vaulting vaulting NN 33589 438 21 , , , 33589 438 22 the the DT 33589 438 23 entire entire JJ 33589 438 24 surface surface NN 33589 438 25 of of IN 33589 438 26 the the DT 33589 438 27 roof roof NN 33589 438 28 is be VBZ 33589 438 29 covered cover VBN 33589 438 30 with with IN 33589 438 31 radiating radiate VBG 33589 438 32 ribs rib NNS 33589 438 33 resembling resemble VBG 33589 438 34 the the DT 33589 438 35 sections section NNS 33589 438 36 of of IN 33589 438 37 an an DT 33589 438 38 outspread outspread JJ 33589 438 39 fan fan NN 33589 438 40 , , , 33589 438 41 connected connect VBN 33589 438 42 by by IN 33589 438 43 bands band NNS 33589 438 44 of of IN 33589 438 45 trefoil trefoil NN 33589 438 46 or or CC 33589 438 47 quatrefoil quatrefoil NNP 33589 438 48 ornament ornament NN 33589 438 49 known know VBN 33589 438 50 as as IN 33589 438 51 cusping cusping NN 33589 438 52 , , , 33589 438 53 and and CC 33589 438 54 , , , 33589 438 55 in in IN 33589 438 56 some some DT 33589 438 57 cases case NNS 33589 438 58 -- -- : 33589 438 59 notably notably RB 33589 438 60 in in IN 33589 438 61 that that DT 33589 438 62 of of IN 33589 438 63 Henry Henry NNP 33589 438 64 VII VII NNP 33589 438 65 's 's POS 33589 438 66 chapel chapel NN 33589 438 67 at at IN 33589 438 68 Westminster Westminster NNP 33589 438 69 -- -- : 33589 438 70 with with IN 33589 438 71 pendant pendant JJ 33589 438 72 stalactite stalactite JJ 33589 438 73 ornaments ornament NNS 33589 438 74 drooping droop VBG 33589 438 75 from from IN 33589 438 76 the the DT 33589 438 77 point point NN 33589 438 78 of of IN 33589 438 79 intersection intersection NN 33589 438 80 of of IN 33589 438 81 the the DT 33589 438 82 groins groin NNS 33589 438 83 . . . 33589 439 1 In in IN 33589 439 2 some some DT 33589 439 3 Perpendicular perpendicular JJ 33589 439 4 buildings building NNS 33589 439 5 , , , 33589 439 6 as as IN 33589 439 7 in in IN 33589 439 8 the the DT 33589 439 9 Churches Churches NNPS 33589 439 10 of of IN 33589 439 11 S. S. NNP 33589 439 12 Stephen Stephen NNP 33589 439 13 and and CC 33589 439 14 S. S. NNP 33589 439 15 Peter Peter NNP 33589 439 16 's 's POS 33589 439 17 Mancroft Mancroft NNP 33589 439 18 at at IN 33589 439 19 Norwich Norwich NNP 33589 439 20 , , , 33589 439 21 ornate ornate RB 33589 439 22 open open JJ 33589 439 23 timber timber NN 33589 439 24 roofs roof NNS 33589 439 25 , , , 33589 439 26 enriched enrich VBN 33589 439 27 with with IN 33589 439 28 beautiful beautiful JJ 33589 439 29 carving carving NN 33589 439 30 , , , 33589 439 31 take take VB 33589 439 32 the the DT 33589 439 33 place place NN 33589 439 34 of of IN 33589 439 35 those those DT 33589 439 36 of of IN 33589 439 37 stone stone NN 33589 439 38 , , , 33589 439 39 and and CC 33589 439 40 in in IN 33589 439 41 the the DT 33589 439 42 final final JJ 33589 439 43 or or CC 33589 439 44 Tudor Tudor NNP 33589 439 45 phase phase NN 33589 439 46 of of IN 33589 439 47 the the DT 33589 439 48 style style NN 33589 439 49 such such JJ 33589 439 50 roofs roof NNS 33589 439 51 , , , 33589 439 52 to to TO 33589 439 53 which which WDT 33589 439 54 the the DT 33589 439 55 name name NN 33589 439 56 of of IN 33589 439 57 hammer hammer NNP 33589 439 58 beam beam NNP 33589 439 59 has have VBZ 33589 439 60 been be VBN 33589 439 61 given give VBN 33589 439 62 , , , 33589 439 63 and and CC 33589 439 64 of of IN 33589 439 65 which which WDT 33589 439 66 those those DT 33589 439 67 of of IN 33589 439 68 Wolsey Wolsey NNP 33589 439 69 's 's POS 33589 439 70 Great Great NNP 33589 439 71 Hall Hall NNP 33589 439 72 at at IN 33589 439 73 Hampton Hampton NNP 33589 439 74 Court Court NNP 33589 439 75 and and CC 33589 439 76 of of IN 33589 439 77 Westminster Westminster NNP 33589 439 78 Hall Hall NNP 33589 439 79 are be VBP 33589 439 80 good good JJ 33589 439 81 examples example NNS 33589 439 82 , , , 33589 439 83 were be VBD 33589 439 84 almost almost RB 33589 439 85 as as RB 33589 439 86 elaborate elaborate JJ 33589 439 87 as as IN 33589 439 88 the the DT 33589 439 89 fan fan NN 33589 439 90 - - HYPH 33589 439 91 tracery tracery NN 33589 439 92 variety variety NN 33589 439 93 . . . 33589 440 1 Characteristic characteristic JJ 33589 440 2 features feature NNS 33589 440 3 of of IN 33589 440 4 secular secular JJ 33589 440 5 Tudor Tudor NNP 33589 440 6 buildings building NNS 33589 440 7 are be VBP 33589 440 8 the the DT 33589 440 9 extensive extensive JJ 33589 440 10 use use NN 33589 440 11 of of IN 33589 440 12 panelling panelling NN 33589 440 13 , , , 33589 440 14 the the DT 33589 440 15 bow bow NN 33589 440 16 or or CC 33589 440 17 projecting projecting NN 33589 440 18 window window NN 33589 440 19 rising rise VBG 33589 440 20 direct direct RB 33589 440 21 from from IN 33589 440 22 the the DT 33589 440 23 ground ground NN 33589 440 24 , , , 33589 440 25 the the DT 33589 440 26 oriel oriel NNP 33589 440 27 window window NN 33589 440 28 or or CC 33589 440 29 window window NN 33589 440 30 supported support VBN 33589 440 31 by by IN 33589 440 32 a a DT 33589 440 33 corbel corbel NN 33589 440 34 of of IN 33589 440 35 stone stone NN 33589 440 36 often often RB 33589 440 37 finely finely RB 33589 440 38 carved carve VBN 33589 440 39 , , , 33589 440 40 battlements battlement NNS 33589 440 41 with with IN 33589 440 42 open open JJ 33589 440 43 tracery tracery NN 33589 440 44 work work NN 33589 440 45 and and CC 33589 440 46 richly richly RB 33589 440 47 decorated decorate VBN 33589 440 48 gables gable NNS 33589 440 49 , , , 33589 440 50 fine fine JJ 33589 440 51 specimens specimen NNS 33589 440 52 of of IN 33589 440 53 all all DT 33589 440 54 of of IN 33589 440 55 which which WDT 33589 440 56 are be VBP 33589 440 57 to to TO 33589 440 58 be be VB 33589 440 59 seen see VBN 33589 440 60 at at IN 33589 440 61 Hampton Hampton NNP 33589 440 62 Court Court NNP 33589 440 63 Palace Palace NNP 33589 440 64 . . . 33589 441 1 [ [ -LRB- 33589 441 2 Illustration illustration NN 33589 441 3 : : : 33589 441 4 Early early JJ 33589 441 5 English English NNP 33589 441 6 Dog Dog NNP 33589 441 7 - - HYPH 33589 441 8 tooth tooth NNP 33589 441 9 Ornament Ornament NNP 33589 441 10 ] ] -RRB- 33589 441 11 [ [ -LRB- 33589 441 12 Illustration illustration NN 33589 441 13 : : : 33589 441 14 Early early JJ 33589 441 15 English English NNP 33589 441 16 Arcading Arcading NNP 33589 441 17 ] ] -RRB- 33589 441 18 [ [ -LRB- 33589 441 19 Illustration illustration NN 33589 441 20 : : : 33589 441 21 Early early JJ 33589 441 22 English English NNP 33589 441 23 Doorway Doorway NNP 33589 441 24 , , , 33589 441 25 Westminster Westminster NNP 33589 441 26 Abbey Abbey NNP 33589 441 27 ] ] -RRB- 33589 441 28 One one CD 33589 441 29 of of IN 33589 441 30 the the DT 33589 441 31 earliest early JJS 33589 441 32 Gothic gothic JJ 33589 441 33 structures structure NNS 33589 441 34 in in IN 33589 441 35 England England NNP 33589 441 36 is be VBZ 33589 441 37 the the DT 33589 441 38 choir choir NN 33589 441 39 of of IN 33589 441 40 Canterbury Canterbury NNP 33589 441 41 Cathedral Cathedral NNP 33589 441 42 , , , 33589 441 43 designed design VBN 33589 441 44 by by IN 33589 441 45 the the DT 33589 441 46 Burgundian Burgundian NNP 33589 441 47 Williams Williams NNP 33589 441 48 of of IN 33589 441 49 Sens Sens NNP 33589 441 50 , , , 33589 441 51 which which WDT 33589 441 52 recalls recall VBZ 33589 441 53 in in IN 33589 441 54 general general JJ 33589 441 55 style style NN 33589 441 56 certain certain JJ 33589 441 57 contemporaneous contemporaneous JJ 33589 441 58 French french JJ 33589 441 59 ecclesiastical ecclesiastical JJ 33589 441 60 buildings building NNS 33589 441 61 . . . 33589 442 1 Foreign foreign JJ 33589 442 2 influence influence NN 33589 442 3 is be VBZ 33589 442 4 also also RB 33589 442 5 noticeable noticeable JJ 33589 442 6 in in IN 33589 442 7 the the DT 33589 442 8 somewhat somewhat RB 33589 442 9 later later JJ 33589 442 10 Ripon Ripon NNP 33589 442 11 and and CC 33589 442 12 Chichester Chichester NNP 33589 442 13 Cathedrals Cathedrals NNP 33589 442 14 , , , 33589 442 15 but but CC 33589 442 16 by by IN 33589 442 17 the the DT 33589 442 18 beginning beginning NN 33589 442 19 of of IN 33589 442 20 the the DT 33589 442 21 13th 13th JJ 33589 442 22 century century NN 33589 442 23 English English NNP 33589 442 24 Gothic Gothic NNP 33589 442 25 had have VBD 33589 442 26 freed free VBN 33589 442 27 itself -PRON- PRP 33589 442 28 almost almost RB 33589 442 29 entirely entirely RB 33589 442 30 from from IN 33589 442 31 the the DT 33589 442 32 trammels trammel NNS 33589 442 33 of of IN 33589 442 34 French french JJ 33589 442 35 traditions tradition NNS 33589 442 36 , , , 33589 442 37 and and CC 33589 442 38 started start VBD 33589 442 39 forward forward RB 33589 442 40 on on IN 33589 442 41 the the DT 33589 442 42 path path NN 33589 442 43 from from IN 33589 442 44 which which WDT 33589 442 45 it -PRON- PRP 33589 442 46 never never RB 33589 442 47 deviated deviate VBD 33589 442 48 , , , 33589 442 49 combining combine VBG 33589 442 50 a a DT 33589 442 51 consummate consummate JJ 33589 442 52 mastery mastery NN 33589 442 53 of of IN 33589 442 54 structural structural JJ 33589 442 55 principles principle NNS 33589 442 56 and and CC 33589 442 57 an an DT 33589 442 58 unwearying unwearying JJ 33589 442 59 attention attention NN 33589 442 60 to to IN 33589 442 61 detail detail NN 33589 442 62 with with IN 33589 442 63 a a DT 33589 442 64 unity unity NN 33589 442 65 of of IN 33589 442 66 expression expression NN 33589 442 67 that that WDT 33589 442 68 makes make VBZ 33589 442 69 an an DT 33589 442 70 English English NNP 33589 442 71 Gothic Gothic NNP 33589 442 72 church church NN 33589 442 73 or or CC 33589 442 74 cathedral cathedral VB 33589 442 75 an an DT 33589 442 76 ideal ideal JJ 33589 442 77 reflection reflection NN 33589 442 78 of of IN 33589 442 79 the the DT 33589 442 80 spirit spirit NN 33589 442 81 of of IN 33589 442 82 the the DT 33589 442 83 age age NN 33589 442 84 which which WDT 33589 442 85 witnessed witness VBD 33589 442 86 its -PRON- PRP$ 33589 442 87 erection erection NN 33589 442 88 . . . 33589 443 1 [ [ -LRB- 33589 443 2 Illustration illustration NN 33589 443 3 : : : 33589 443 4 Plan plan NN 33589 443 5 of of IN 33589 443 6 Salisbury Salisbury NNP 33589 443 7 Cathedral Cathedral NNP 33589 443 8 ] ] -RRB- 33589 443 9 The the DT 33589 443 10 Cathedrals Cathedrals NNPS 33589 443 11 of of IN 33589 443 12 Wells Wells NNP 33589 443 13 , , , 33589 443 14 Lincoln Lincoln NNP 33589 443 15 , , , 33589 443 16 and and CC 33589 443 17 Salisbury Salisbury NNP 33589 443 18 , , , 33589 443 19 the the DT 33589 443 20 choir choir NN 33589 443 21 of of IN 33589 443 22 Ely Ely NNP 33589 443 23 Cathedral Cathedral NNP 33589 443 24 , , , 33589 443 25 and and CC 33589 443 26 the the DT 33589 443 27 choir choir NN 33589 443 28 , , , 33589 443 29 transepts transept NNS 33589 443 30 , , , 33589 443 31 and and CC 33589 443 32 part part NN 33589 443 33 of of IN 33589 443 34 the the DT 33589 443 35 cloisters cloister NNS 33589 443 36 and and CC 33589 443 37 other other JJ 33589 443 38 details detail NNS 33589 443 39 of of IN 33589 443 40 Westminster Westminster NNP 33589 443 41 Abbey Abbey NNP 33589 443 42 , , , 33589 443 43 are be VBP 33589 443 44 typical typical JJ 33589 443 45 examples example NNS 33589 443 46 of of IN 33589 443 47 the the DT 33589 443 48 Early early JJ 33589 443 49 English english JJ 33589 443 50 phase phase NN 33589 443 51 of of IN 33589 443 52 Gothic Gothic NNP 33589 443 53 . . . 33589 444 1 The the DT 33589 444 2 first first JJ 33589 444 3 named name VBN 33589 444 4 especially especially RB 33589 444 5 is be VBZ 33589 444 6 unrivalled unrivalled JJ 33589 444 7 in in IN 33589 444 8 the the DT 33589 444 9 symmetry symmetry NN 33589 444 10 of of IN 33589 444 11 its -PRON- PRP$ 33589 444 12 general general JJ 33589 444 13 proportions proportion NNS 33589 444 14 and and CC 33589 444 15 the the DT 33589 444 16 richness richness NN 33589 444 17 and and CC 33589 444 18 appropriateness appropriateness NN 33589 444 19 of of IN 33589 444 20 its -PRON- PRP$ 33589 444 21 decorations decoration NNS 33589 444 22 . . . 33589 445 1 Its -PRON- PRP$ 33589 445 2 western western JJ 33589 445 3 façade façade JJ 33589 445 4 rivals rival NNS 33589 445 5 that that WDT 33589 445 6 of of IN 33589 445 7 Amiens Amiens NNP 33589 445 8 Cathedral Cathedral NNP 33589 445 9 in in IN 33589 445 10 the the DT 33589 445 11 restrained restrained JJ 33589 445 12 dignity dignity NN 33589 445 13 of of IN 33589 445 14 its -PRON- PRP$ 33589 445 15 general general JJ 33589 445 16 design design NN 33589 445 17 , , , 33589 445 18 the the DT 33589 445 19 delicacy delicacy NN 33589 445 20 of of IN 33589 445 21 its -PRON- PRP$ 33589 445 22 decorative decorative JJ 33589 445 23 arcading arcading NN 33589 445 24 , , , 33589 445 25 and and CC 33589 445 26 the the DT 33589 445 27 number number NN 33589 445 28 and and CC 33589 445 29 variety variety NN 33589 445 30 of of IN 33589 445 31 its -PRON- PRP$ 33589 445 32 finely finely RB 33589 445 33 sculptured sculptured JJ 33589 445 34 figures figure NNS 33589 445 35 . . . 33589 446 1 The the DT 33589 446 2 central central JJ 33589 446 3 tower tower NN 33589 446 4 , , , 33589 446 5 though though IN 33589 446 6 its -PRON- PRP$ 33589 446 7 upper upper JJ 33589 446 8 portion portion NN 33589 446 9 belongs belong VBZ 33589 446 10 to to IN 33589 446 11 the the DT 33589 446 12 Decorated decorate VBN 33589 446 13 period period NN 33589 446 14 , , , 33589 446 15 harmonises harmonise VBZ 33589 446 16 well well RB 33589 446 17 with with IN 33589 446 18 the the DT 33589 446 19 rest rest NN 33589 446 20 of of IN 33589 446 21 the the DT 33589 446 22 exterior exterior NN 33589 446 23 , , , 33589 446 24 whilst whilst IN 33589 446 25 the the DT 33589 446 26 interior interior NNP 33589 446 27 is be VBZ 33589 446 28 truly truly RB 33589 446 29 a a DT 33589 446 30 poem poem NN 33589 446 31 in in IN 33589 446 32 stone stone NN 33589 446 33 , , , 33589 446 34 with with IN 33589 446 35 the the DT 33589 446 36 long long JJ 33589 446 37 perspective perspective NN 33589 446 38 of of IN 33589 446 39 the the DT 33589 446 40 nave nave NN 33589 446 41 flanked flank VBN 33589 446 42 by by IN 33589 446 43 graceful graceful JJ 33589 446 44 arches arch NNS 33589 446 45 , , , 33589 446 46 springing spring VBG 33589 446 47 from from IN 33589 446 48 clustered clustered JJ 33589 446 49 piers pier NNS 33589 446 50 with with IN 33589 446 51 capitals capital NNS 33589 446 52 of of IN 33589 446 53 exquisitely exquisitely RB 33589 446 54 carved carve VBN 33589 446 55 foliage foliage NN 33589 446 56 , , , 33589 446 57 noble noble JJ 33589 446 58 triforia triforia NN 33589 446 59 and and CC 33589 446 60 clerestories clerestory NNS 33589 446 61 , , , 33589 446 62 and and CC 33589 446 63 a a DT 33589 446 64 simple simple JJ 33589 446 65 arched arched JJ 33589 446 66 vaulting vaulting NN 33589 446 67 of of IN 33589 446 68 intersecting intersect VBG 33589 446 69 ribs rib NNS 33589 446 70 . . . 33589 447 1 The the DT 33589 447 2 transepts transept NNS 33589 447 3 , , , 33589 447 4 that that WDT 33589 447 5 are be VBP 33589 447 6 of of IN 33589 447 7 earlier early JJR 33589 447 8 date date NN 33589 447 9 than than IN 33589 447 10 the the DT 33589 447 11 nave nave NN 33589 447 12 , , , 33589 447 13 serve serve VB 33589 447 14 as as IN 33589 447 15 a a DT 33589 447 16 kind kind NN 33589 447 17 of of IN 33589 447 18 introduction introduction NN 33589 447 19 to to IN 33589 447 20 it -PRON- PRP 33589 447 21 , , , 33589 447 22 and and CC 33589 447 23 in in IN 33589 447 24 the the DT 33589 447 25 choir choir NN 33589 447 26 the the DT 33589 447 27 transition transition NN 33589 447 28 from from IN 33589 447 29 Early early JJ 33589 447 30 English English NNP 33589 447 31 to to IN 33589 447 32 Decorated decorate VBN 33589 447 33 Gothic Gothic NNP 33589 447 34 can can MD 33589 447 35 be be VB 33589 447 36 well well RB 33589 447 37 studied study VBN 33589 447 38 , , , 33589 447 39 the the DT 33589 447 40 western western JJ 33589 447 41 portion portion NN 33589 447 42 dating date VBG 33589 447 43 from from IN 33589 447 44 the the DT 33589 447 45 12th 12th NN 33589 447 46 and and CC 33589 447 47 the the DT 33589 447 48 eastern eastern JJ 33589 447 49 from from IN 33589 447 50 the the DT 33589 447 51 13th 13th JJ 33589 447 52 century century NN 33589 447 53 . . . 33589 448 1 [ [ -LRB- 33589 448 2 Illustration illustration NN 33589 448 3 : : : 33589 448 4 Decorated decorate VBN 33589 448 5 Window Window NNP 33589 448 6 ] ] -RRB- 33589 448 7 [ [ -LRB- 33589 448 8 Illustration illustration NN 33589 448 9 : : : 33589 448 10 Decorated decorate VBN 33589 448 11 Pinnacle Pinnacle NNP 33589 448 12 ] ] -RRB- 33589 448 13 [ [ -LRB- 33589 448 14 Illustration illustration NN 33589 448 15 : : : 33589 448 16 Decorated decorate VBN 33589 448 17 Capital Capital NNP 33589 448 18 ] ] -RRB- 33589 448 19 Though though IN 33589 448 20 the the DT 33589 448 21 exterior exterior NN 33589 448 22 of of IN 33589 448 23 Lincoln Lincoln NNP 33589 448 24 Cathedral Cathedral NNP 33589 448 25 is be VBZ 33589 448 26 of of IN 33589 448 27 a a DT 33589 448 28 somewhat somewhat RB 33589 448 29 hybrid hybrid JJ 33589 448 30 character character NN 33589 448 31 , , , 33589 448 32 the the DT 33589 448 33 towers tower NNS 33589 448 34 and and CC 33589 448 35 doorways doorway NNS 33589 448 36 of of IN 33589 448 37 the the DT 33589 448 38 west west JJ 33589 448 39 front front NN 33589 448 40 being be VBG 33589 448 41 Norman Norman NNP 33589 448 42 , , , 33589 448 43 the the DT 33589 448 44 arcading arcade VBG 33589 448 45 and and CC 33589 448 46 decorative decorative JJ 33589 448 47 sculpture sculpture NN 33589 448 48 Early Early NNP 33589 448 49 English English NNP 33589 448 50 , , , 33589 448 51 and and CC 33589 448 52 the the DT 33589 448 53 central central JJ 33589 448 54 tower tower NN 33589 448 55 Decorated decorate VBN 33589 448 56 , , , 33589 448 57 the the DT 33589 448 58 general general JJ 33589 448 59 effect effect NN 33589 448 60 is be VBZ 33589 448 61 grand grand JJ 33589 448 62 and and CC 33589 448 63 impressive impressive JJ 33589 448 64 . . . 33589 449 1 The the DT 33589 449 2 interior interior NN 33589 449 3 , , , 33589 449 4 though though IN 33589 449 5 not not RB 33589 449 6 quite quite RB 33589 449 7 so so RB 33589 449 8 ornate ornate JJ 33589 449 9 as as IN 33589 449 10 that that DT 33589 449 11 of of IN 33589 449 12 Wells Wells NNP 33589 449 13 , , , 33589 449 14 is be VBZ 33589 449 15 almost almost RB 33589 449 16 as as RB 33589 449 17 beautiful beautiful JJ 33589 449 18 , , , 33589 449 19 the the DT 33589 449 20 great great JJ 33589 449 21 rose rose NN 33589 449 22 windows window NNS 33589 449 23 being be VBG 33589 449 24 specially specially RB 33589 449 25 noteworthy noteworthy JJ 33589 449 26 features feature NNS 33589 449 27 . . . 33589 450 1 The the DT 33589 450 2 so so RB 33589 450 3 - - HYPH 33589 450 4 called call VBN 33589 450 5 Angel Angel NNP 33589 450 6 Choir Choir NNP 33589 450 7 , , , 33589 450 8 which which WDT 33589 450 9 has have VBZ 33589 450 10 a a DT 33589 450 11 very very RB 33589 450 12 fine fine JJ 33589 450 13 triforium triforium NN 33589 450 14 , , , 33589 450 15 is be VBZ 33589 450 16 a a DT 33589 450 17 gem gem NN 33589 450 18 of of IN 33589 450 19 Early early JJ 33589 450 20 English english JJ 33589 450 21 work work NN 33589 450 22 , , , 33589 450 23 and and CC 33589 450 24 the the DT 33589 450 25 three three CD 33589 450 26 15th 15th JJ 33589 450 27 century century NN 33589 450 28 chapels chapel NNS 33589 450 29 adjoining adjoin VBG 33589 450 30 it -PRON- PRP 33589 450 31 are be VBP 33589 450 32 equally equally RB 33589 450 33 characteristic characteristic JJ 33589 450 34 of of IN 33589 450 35 Perpendicular Perpendicular NNP 33589 450 36 Gothic Gothic NNP 33589 450 37 . . . 33589 451 1 The the DT 33589 451 2 beautiful beautiful JJ 33589 451 3 Early early JJ 33589 451 4 English english JJ 33589 451 5 choir choir NN 33589 451 6 of of IN 33589 451 7 Ely Ely NNP 33589 451 8 Cathedral Cathedral NNP 33589 451 9 contrasts contrast VBZ 33589 451 10 forcibly forcibly RB 33589 451 11 with with IN 33589 451 12 the the DT 33589 451 13 noble noble JJ 33589 451 14 Norman Norman NNP 33589 451 15 nave nave NN 33589 451 16 , , , 33589 451 17 and and CC 33589 451 18 the the DT 33589 451 19 so so RB 33589 451 20 - - HYPH 33589 451 21 called call VBN 33589 451 22 Galilee Galilee NNP 33589 451 23 Porch Porch NNP 33589 451 24 is be VBZ 33589 451 25 one one CD 33589 451 26 of of IN 33589 451 27 the the DT 33589 451 28 finest fine JJS 33589 451 29 examples example NNS 33589 451 30 of of IN 33589 451 31 the the DT 33589 451 32 first first JJ 33589 451 33 phase phase NN 33589 451 34 of of IN 33589 451 35 Gothic Gothic NNP 33589 451 36 in in IN 33589 451 37 the the DT 33589 451 38 country country NN 33589 451 39 , , , 33589 451 40 but but CC 33589 451 41 the the DT 33589 451 42 exterior exterior NN 33589 451 43 of of IN 33589 451 44 the the DT 33589 451 45 building building NN 33589 451 46 has have VBZ 33589 451 47 been be VBN 33589 451 48 almost almost RB 33589 451 49 entirely entirely RB 33589 451 50 rebuilt rebuild VBN 33589 451 51 , , , 33589 451 52 the the DT 33589 451 53 great great JJ 33589 451 54 central central JJ 33589 451 55 tower tower NN 33589 451 56 , , , 33589 451 57 which which WDT 33589 451 58 fell fall VBD 33589 451 59 in in IN 33589 451 60 1322 1322 CD 33589 451 61 , , , 33589 451 62 having have VBG 33589 451 63 been be VBN 33589 451 64 replaced replace VBN 33589 451 65 by by IN 33589 451 66 the the DT 33589 451 67 present present JJ 33589 451 68 one one NN 33589 451 69 in in IN 33589 451 70 the the DT 33589 451 71 Decorated decorate VBN 33589 451 72 phase phase NN 33589 451 73 of of IN 33589 451 74 Gothic Gothic NNP 33589 451 75 . . . 33589 452 1 The the DT 33589 452 2 Early early JJ 33589 452 3 English english JJ 33589 452 4 portions portion NNS 33589 452 5 of of IN 33589 452 6 Westminster Westminster NNP 33589 452 7 Abbey Abbey NNP 33589 452 8 closely closely RB 33589 452 9 resemble resemble VBP 33589 452 10 the the DT 33589 452 11 other other JJ 33589 452 12 examples example NNS 33589 452 13 of of IN 33589 452 14 the the DT 33589 452 15 style style NN 33589 452 16 just just RB 33589 452 17 quoted quote VBN 33589 452 18 , , , 33589 452 19 though though IN 33589 452 20 the the DT 33589 452 21 bays bay NNS 33589 452 22 of of IN 33589 452 23 the the DT 33589 452 24 choir choir NN 33589 452 25 are be VBP 33589 452 26 not not RB 33589 452 27 so so RB 33589 452 28 well well RB 33589 452 29 proportioned proportion VBN 33589 452 30 as as IN 33589 452 31 those those DT 33589 452 32 of of IN 33589 452 33 Lincoln Lincoln NNP 33589 452 34 . . . 33589 453 1 Before before IN 33589 453 2 the the DT 33589 453 3 15th 15th JJ 33589 453 4 century century NN 33589 453 5 additions addition NNS 33589 453 6 to to IN 33589 453 7 Salisbury Salisbury NNP 33589 453 8 Cathedral Cathedral NNP 33589 453 9 and and CC 33589 453 10 the the DT 33589 453 11 sweeping sweep VBG 33589 453 12 away away RB 33589 453 13 of of IN 33589 453 14 the the DT 33589 453 15 statues statue NNS 33589 453 16 and and CC 33589 453 17 other other JJ 33589 453 18 sculptures sculpture NNS 33589 453 19 that that WDT 33589 453 20 adorned adorn VBD 33589 453 21 its -PRON- PRP$ 33589 453 22 west west JJ 33589 453 23 front front NN 33589 453 24 , , , 33589 453 25 it -PRON- PRP 33589 453 26 must must MD 33589 453 27 have have VB 33589 453 28 been be VBN 33589 453 29 almost almost RB 33589 453 30 as as RB 33589 453 31 typical typical JJ 33589 453 32 as as IN 33589 453 33 that that DT 33589 453 34 of of IN 33589 453 35 Lincoln Lincoln NNP 33589 453 36 or or CC 33589 453 37 of of IN 33589 453 38 Wells Wells NNP 33589 453 39 of of IN 33589 453 40 the the DT 33589 453 41 Early early JJ 33589 453 42 English english JJ 33589 453 43 style style NN 33589 453 44 , , , 33589 453 45 and and CC 33589 453 46 it -PRON- PRP 33589 453 47 still still RB 33589 453 48 remains remain VBZ 33589 453 49 , , , 33589 453 50 in in IN 33589 453 51 its -PRON- PRP$ 33589 453 52 rectangular rectangular JJ 33589 453 53 plan plan NN 33589 453 54 and and CC 33589 453 55 square square JJ 33589 453 56 eastern eastern JJ 33589 453 57 termination termination NN 33589 453 58 , , , 33589 453 59 a a DT 33589 453 60 true true JJ 33589 453 61 representative representative NN 33589 453 62 of of IN 33589 453 63 the the DT 33589 453 64 ideals ideal NNS 33589 453 65 of of IN 33589 453 66 native native JJ 33589 453 67 architects architect NNS 33589 453 68 . . . 33589 454 1 [ [ -LRB- 33589 454 2 Illustration illustration NN 33589 454 3 : : : 33589 454 4 Decorated decorate VBN 33589 454 5 Ball Ball NNP 33589 454 6 Flower Flower NNP 33589 454 7 Ornament Ornament NNP 33589 454 8 ] ] -RRB- 33589 454 9 The the DT 33589 454 10 transepts transept NNS 33589 454 11 of of IN 33589 454 12 York York NNP 33589 454 13 Minster Minster NNP 33589 454 14 , , , 33589 454 15 in in IN 33589 454 16 one one CD 33589 454 17 of of IN 33589 454 18 which which WDT 33589 454 19 is be VBZ 33589 454 20 the the DT 33589 454 21 famous famous JJ 33589 454 22 window window NN 33589 454 23 with with IN 33589 454 24 lancet lancet NN 33589 454 25 - - HYPH 33589 454 26 headed head VBN 33589 454 27 lights light NNS 33589 454 28 , , , 33589 454 29 known know VBN 33589 454 30 as as IN 33589 454 31 the the DT 33589 454 32 Five five CD 33589 454 33 Sisters Sisters NNPS 33589 454 34 , , , 33589 454 35 is be VBZ 33589 454 36 a a DT 33589 454 37 good good JJ 33589 454 38 example example NN 33589 454 39 of of IN 33589 454 40 the the DT 33589 454 41 transition transition NN 33589 454 42 from from IN 33589 454 43 Early early JJ 33589 454 44 English English NNP 33589 454 45 to to IN 33589 454 46 Decorated decorate VBN 33589 454 47 Gothic Gothic NNP 33589 454 48 , , , 33589 454 49 and and CC 33589 454 50 the the DT 33589 454 51 same same JJ 33589 454 52 may may MD 33589 454 53 be be VB 33589 454 54 said say VBN 33589 454 55 of of IN 33589 454 56 portions portion NNS 33589 454 57 of of IN 33589 454 58 the the DT 33589 454 59 ruins ruin NNS 33589 454 60 of of IN 33589 454 61 Hexham Hexham NNP 33589 454 62 Abbey Abbey NNP 33589 454 63 , , , 33589 454 64 the the DT 33589 454 65 Saxon Saxon NNP 33589 454 66 crypt crypt NN 33589 454 67 of of IN 33589 454 68 which which WDT 33589 454 69 has have VBZ 33589 454 70 already already RB 33589 454 71 been be VBN 33589 454 72 referred refer VBN 33589 454 73 to to IN 33589 454 74 , , , 33589 454 75 notably notably RB 33589 454 76 of of IN 33589 454 77 the the DT 33589 454 78 transepts transept NNS 33589 454 79 with with IN 33589 454 80 windows window NNS 33589 454 81 resembling resemble VBG 33589 454 82 those those DT 33589 454 83 of of IN 33589 454 84 York York NNP 33589 454 85 Minster Minster NNP 33589 454 86 , , , 33589 454 87 and and CC 33589 454 88 of of IN 33589 454 89 the the DT 33589 454 90 many many JJ 33589 454 91 relics relic NNS 33589 454 92 of of IN 33589 454 93 the the DT 33589 454 94 noble noble JJ 33589 454 95 monastic monastic JJ 33589 454 96 buildings building NNS 33589 454 97 of of IN 33589 454 98 Yorkshire Yorkshire NNP 33589 454 99 , , , 33589 454 100 including include VBG 33589 454 101 those those DT 33589 454 102 at at IN 33589 454 103 Ripon Ripon NNP 33589 454 104 , , , 33589 454 105 Jervaulx Jervaulx NNP 33589 454 106 , , , 33589 454 107 Rivaulx Rivaulx NNP 33589 454 108 , , , 33589 454 109 and and CC 33589 454 110 Whitby Whitby NNP 33589 454 111 . . . 33589 455 1 The the DT 33589 455 2 Cathedral Cathedral NNP 33589 455 3 of of IN 33589 455 4 Glasgow Glasgow NNP 33589 455 5 is be VBZ 33589 455 6 another another DT 33589 455 7 beautiful beautiful JJ 33589 455 8 building building NN 33589 455 9 in in IN 33589 455 10 the the DT 33589 455 11 first first JJ 33589 455 12 phase phase NN 33589 455 13 of of IN 33589 455 14 Gothic Gothic NNP 33589 455 15 , , , 33589 455 16 the the DT 33589 455 17 choir choir NN 33589 455 18 , , , 33589 455 19 beneath beneath IN 33589 455 20 which which WDT 33589 455 21 is be VBZ 33589 455 22 a a DT 33589 455 23 noble noble JJ 33589 455 24 crypt crypt NN 33589 455 25 of of IN 33589 455 26 earlier early JJR 33589 455 27 date date NN 33589 455 28 , , , 33589 455 29 being be VBG 33589 455 30 especially especially RB 33589 455 31 fine fine JJ 33589 455 32 , , , 33589 455 33 and and CC 33589 455 34 with with IN 33589 455 35 it -PRON- PRP 33589 455 36 must must MD 33589 455 37 be be VB 33589 455 38 named name VBN 33589 455 39 the the DT 33589 455 40 ruins ruin NNS 33589 455 41 of of IN 33589 455 42 the the DT 33589 455 43 great great JJ 33589 455 44 abbey abbey NN 33589 455 45 churches church NNS 33589 455 46 of of IN 33589 455 47 Kelso Kelso NNP 33589 455 48 , , , 33589 455 49 Jedburgh Jedburgh NNP 33589 455 50 , , , 33589 455 51 and and CC 33589 455 52 Dryburgh Dryburgh NNP 33589 455 53 , , , 33589 455 54 that that WDT 33589 455 55 have have VBP 33589 455 56 distinctive distinctive JJ 33589 455 57 Norman Norman NNP 33589 455 58 as as RB 33589 455 59 well well RB 33589 455 60 as as IN 33589 455 61 Early early JJ 33589 455 62 English english JJ 33589 455 63 details detail NNS 33589 455 64 . . . 33589 456 1 The the DT 33589 456 2 first first JJ 33589 456 3 half half NN 33589 456 4 of of IN 33589 456 5 the the DT 33589 456 6 14th 14th JJ 33589 456 7 century century NN 33589 456 8 was be VBD 33589 456 9 the the DT 33589 456 10 golden golden JJ 33589 456 11 age age NN 33589 456 12 of of IN 33589 456 13 English english JJ 33589 456 14 architecture architecture NN 33589 456 15 , , , 33589 456 16 during during IN 33589 456 17 which which WDT 33589 456 18 the the DT 33589 456 19 Decorated decorate VBN 33589 456 20 gradually gradually RB 33589 456 21 grew grow VBD 33589 456 22 out out IN 33589 456 23 of of IN 33589 456 24 the the DT 33589 456 25 Early early JJ 33589 456 26 English english JJ 33589 456 27 style style NN 33589 456 28 , , , 33589 456 29 the the DT 33589 456 30 two two CD 33589 456 31 being be VBG 33589 456 32 in in IN 33589 456 33 many many JJ 33589 456 34 cases case NNS 33589 456 35 so so RB 33589 456 36 completely completely RB 33589 456 37 merged merged JJ 33589 456 38 in in IN 33589 456 39 each each DT 33589 456 40 other other JJ 33589 456 41 that that IN 33589 456 42 no no DT 33589 456 43 break break NN 33589 456 44 is be VBZ 33589 456 45 discernible discernible JJ 33589 456 46 . . . 33589 457 1 The the DT 33589 457 2 foundations foundation NNS 33589 457 3 of of IN 33589 457 4 a a DT 33589 457 5 truly truly RB 33589 457 6 national national JJ 33589 457 7 style style NN 33589 457 8 had have VBD 33589 457 9 been be VBN 33589 457 10 laid lay VBN 33589 457 11 in in IN 33589 457 12 the the DT 33589 457 13 Cathedrals Cathedrals NNP 33589 457 14 of of IN 33589 457 15 Wells Wells NNP 33589 457 16 and and CC 33589 457 17 of of IN 33589 457 18 Lincoln Lincoln NNP 33589 457 19 , , , 33589 457 20 in in IN 33589 457 21 which which WDT 33589 457 22 originality originality NN 33589 457 23 of of IN 33589 457 24 design design NN 33589 457 25 was be VBD 33589 457 26 combined combine VBN 33589 457 27 with with IN 33589 457 28 consummate consummate JJ 33589 457 29 technical technical JJ 33589 457 30 skill skill NN 33589 457 31 of of IN 33589 457 32 execution execution NN 33589 457 33 , , , 33589 457 34 and and CC 33589 457 35 in in IN 33589 457 36 the the DT 33589 457 37 buildings building NNS 33589 457 38 that that WDT 33589 457 39 succeeded succeed VBD 33589 457 40 them -PRON- PRP 33589 457 41 , , , 33589 457 42 architect architect NN 33589 457 43 and and CC 33589 457 44 craftsmen craftsman NNS 33589 457 45 still still RB 33589 457 46 worked work VBD 33589 457 47 together together RB 33589 457 48 in in IN 33589 457 49 complete complete JJ 33589 457 50 harmony harmony NN 33589 457 51 . . . 33589 458 1 The the DT 33589 458 2 wealth wealth NN 33589 458 3 of of IN 33589 458 4 imagination imagination NN 33589 458 5 of of IN 33589 458 6 the the DT 33589 458 7 latter latter JJ 33589 458 8 found find VBD 33589 458 9 its -PRON- PRP$ 33589 458 10 best good JJS 33589 458 11 expression expression NN 33589 458 12 in in IN 33589 458 13 emphasising emphasise VBG 33589 458 14 the the DT 33589 458 15 structural structural JJ 33589 458 16 lines line NNS 33589 458 17 of of IN 33589 458 18 the the DT 33589 458 19 noble noble JJ 33589 458 20 conceptions conception NNS 33589 458 21 of of IN 33589 458 22 the the DT 33589 458 23 former former JJ 33589 458 24 ; ; : 33589 458 25 niches niche NNS 33589 458 26 , , , 33589 458 27 with with IN 33589 458 28 their -PRON- PRP$ 33589 458 29 figures figure NNS 33589 458 30 , , , 33589 458 31 cusping cusping NN 33589 458 32 , , , 33589 458 33 finials finial NNS 33589 458 34 and and CC 33589 458 35 crockets crocket NNS 33589 458 36 , , , 33589 458 37 ball ball NN 33589 458 38 flowers flower NNS 33589 458 39 and and CC 33589 458 40 bosses boss NNS 33589 458 41 , , , 33589 458 42 all all DT 33589 458 43 becoming become VBG 33589 458 44 essential essential JJ 33589 458 45 details detail NNS 33589 458 46 of of IN 33589 458 47 one one CD 33589 458 48 harmonious harmonious JJ 33589 458 49 whole whole NN 33589 458 50 . . . 33589 459 1 The the DT 33589 459 2 nave nave NN 33589 459 3 and and CC 33589 459 4 choir choir NN 33589 459 5 of of IN 33589 459 6 Exeter Exeter NNP 33589 459 7 Cathedral Cathedral NNP 33589 459 8 are be VBP 33589 459 9 especially especially RB 33589 459 10 typical typical JJ 33589 459 11 of of IN 33589 459 12 Decorated decorate VBN 33589 459 13 architecture architecture NN 33589 459 14 at at IN 33589 459 15 its -PRON- PRP$ 33589 459 16 best good JJS 33589 459 17 . . . 33589 460 1 They -PRON- PRP 33589 460 2 rise rise VBP 33589 460 3 from from IN 33589 460 4 the the DT 33589 460 5 foundations foundation NNS 33589 460 6 of of IN 33589 460 7 an an DT 33589 460 8 earlier early JJR 33589 460 9 church church NN 33589 460 10 , , , 33589 460 11 of of IN 33589 460 12 which which WDT 33589 460 13 the the DT 33589 460 14 Norman Norman NNP 33589 460 15 towers tower NNS 33589 460 16 above above IN 33589 460 17 the the DT 33589 460 18 transepts transept NNS 33589 460 19 are be VBP 33589 460 20 relics relic NNS 33589 460 21 , , , 33589 460 22 and and CC 33589 460 23 are be VBP 33589 460 24 absolutely absolutely RB 33589 460 25 unsurpassed unsurpassed JJ 33589 460 26 in in IN 33589 460 27 the the DT 33589 460 28 simple simple JJ 33589 460 29 dignity dignity NN 33589 460 30 of of IN 33589 460 31 the the DT 33589 460 32 arcading arcading NN 33589 460 33 spanning span VBG 33589 460 34 the the DT 33589 460 35 clustered clustered JJ 33589 460 36 piers pier NNS 33589 460 37 , , , 33589 460 38 the the DT 33589 460 39 exquisite exquisite JJ 33589 460 40 beauty beauty NN 33589 460 41 of of IN 33589 460 42 the the DT 33589 460 43 groined groin VBN 33589 460 44 roofing roofing NN 33589 460 45 , , , 33589 460 46 the the DT 33589 460 47 bosses boss NNS 33589 460 48 of of IN 33589 460 49 which which WDT 33589 460 50 are be VBP 33589 460 51 decorated decorate VBN 33589 460 52 with with IN 33589 460 53 delicate delicate JJ 33589 460 54 carvings carving NNS 33589 460 55 of of IN 33589 460 56 a a DT 33589 460 57 great great JJ 33589 460 58 variety variety NN 33589 460 59 of of IN 33589 460 60 subjects subject NNS 33589 460 61 , , , 33589 460 62 and and CC 33589 460 63 the the DT 33589 460 64 fine fine JJ 33589 460 65 tracery tracery NN 33589 460 66 of of IN 33589 460 67 the the DT 33589 460 68 windows window NNS 33589 460 69 . . . 33589 461 1 Unfortunately unfortunately RB 33589 461 2 the the DT 33589 461 3 general general JJ 33589 461 4 effect effect NN 33589 461 5 of of IN 33589 461 6 the the DT 33589 461 7 exterior exterior NN 33589 461 8 , , , 33589 461 9 in in IN 33589 461 10 spite spite NN 33589 461 11 of of IN 33589 461 12 the the DT 33589 461 13 fine fine JJ 33589 461 14 Norman Norman NNP 33589 461 15 towers tower NNS 33589 461 16 and and CC 33589 461 17 the the DT 33589 461 18 beauty beauty NN 33589 461 19 of of IN 33589 461 20 the the DT 33589 461 21 decorative decorative JJ 33589 461 22 sculpture sculpture NN 33589 461 23 of of IN 33589 461 24 the the DT 33589 461 25 west west NNP 33589 461 26 front front NN 33589 461 27 , , , 33589 461 28 is be VBZ 33589 461 29 inferior inferior JJ 33589 461 30 to to IN 33589 461 31 that that DT 33589 461 32 of of IN 33589 461 33 the the DT 33589 461 34 interior interior NNP 33589 461 35 , , , 33589 461 36 a a DT 33589 461 37 15th 15th JJ 33589 461 38 century century NN 33589 461 39 porch porch NN 33589 461 40 harmonising harmonise VBG 33589 461 41 ill ill JJ 33589 461 42 with with IN 33589 461 43 the the DT 33589 461 44 earlier early JJR 33589 461 45 work work NN 33589 461 46 , , , 33589 461 47 whilst whilst IN 33589 461 48 breadth breadth NN 33589 461 49 is be VBZ 33589 461 50 too too RB 33589 461 51 great great JJ 33589 461 52 for for IN 33589 461 53 the the DT 33589 461 54 height height NN 33589 461 55 of of IN 33589 461 56 the the DT 33589 461 57 building building NN 33589 461 58 . . . 33589 462 1 [ [ -LRB- 33589 462 2 Illustration illustration NN 33589 462 3 : : : 33589 462 4 Decorated decorate VBN 33589 462 5 Steeple Steeple NNP 33589 462 6 ] ] -RRB- 33589 462 7 Other other JJ 33589 462 8 good good JJ 33589 462 9 examples example NNS 33589 462 10 of of IN 33589 462 11 Decorated Decorated NNP 33589 462 12 Gothic Gothic NNP 33589 462 13 are be VBP 33589 462 14 the the DT 33589 462 15 Church Church NNP 33589 462 16 of of IN 33589 462 17 St. St. NNP 33589 462 18 Mary Mary NNP 33589 462 19 , , , 33589 462 20 Oxford Oxford NNP 33589 462 21 , , , 33589 462 22 with with IN 33589 462 23 a a DT 33589 462 24 very very RB 33589 462 25 fine fine JJ 33589 462 26 spire spire NN 33589 462 27 ; ; : 33589 462 28 the the DT 33589 462 29 nave nave NN 33589 462 30 and and CC 33589 462 31 chapter chapter NN 33589 462 32 - - HYPH 33589 462 33 house house NN 33589 462 34 of of IN 33589 462 35 York York NNP 33589 462 36 Minster Minster NNP 33589 462 37 , , , 33589 462 38 which which WDT 33589 462 39 has have VBZ 33589 462 40 a a DT 33589 462 41 very very RB 33589 462 42 beautiful beautiful JJ 33589 462 43 window window NN 33589 462 44 at at IN 33589 462 45 the the DT 33589 462 46 western western JJ 33589 462 47 end end NN 33589 462 48 , , , 33589 462 49 the the DT 33589 462 50 flowing flow VBG 33589 462 51 tracing tracing NN 33589 462 52 of of IN 33589 462 53 which which WDT 33589 462 54 is be VBZ 33589 462 55 specially specially RB 33589 462 56 distinctive distinctive JJ 33589 462 57 of of IN 33589 462 58 the the DT 33589 462 59 style style NN 33589 462 60 ; ; : 33589 462 61 the the DT 33589 462 62 choir choir NN 33589 462 63 of of IN 33589 462 64 Lichfield Lichfield NNP 33589 462 65 Cathedral Cathedral NNP 33589 462 66 , , , 33589 462 67 which which WDT 33589 462 68 has have VBZ 33589 462 69 , , , 33589 462 70 however however RB 33589 462 71 , , , 33589 462 72 certain certain JJ 33589 462 73 Early early JJ 33589 462 74 English english JJ 33589 462 75 details detail NNS 33589 462 76 ; ; : 33589 462 77 the the DT 33589 462 78 choir choir NN 33589 462 79 of of IN 33589 462 80 Carlisle Carlisle NNP 33589 462 81 Cathedral Cathedral NNP 33589 462 82 , , , 33589 462 83 with with IN 33589 462 84 an an DT 33589 462 85 exceptionally exceptionally RB 33589 462 86 beautiful beautiful JJ 33589 462 87 eastern eastern JJ 33589 462 88 window window NN 33589 462 89 of of IN 33589 462 90 nine nine CD 33589 462 91 lights light NNS 33589 462 92 with with IN 33589 462 93 elaborate elaborate JJ 33589 462 94 tracery tracery NN 33589 462 95 ; ; : 33589 462 96 the the DT 33589 462 97 Lady Lady NNP 33589 462 98 Chapel Chapel NNP 33589 462 99 of of IN 33589 462 100 Wells Wells NNP 33589 462 101 Cathedral Cathedral NNP 33589 462 102 ; ; : 33589 462 103 the the DT 33589 462 104 crypt crypt NN 33589 462 105 , , , 33589 462 106 all all DT 33589 462 107 that that WDT 33589 462 108 is be VBZ 33589 462 109 left leave VBN 33589 462 110 of of IN 33589 462 111 St. St. NNP 33589 462 112 Stephen Stephen NNP 33589 462 113 's 's POS 33589 462 114 , , , 33589 462 115 Westminster Westminster NNP 33589 462 116 , , , 33589 462 117 now now RB 33589 462 118 used use VBN 33589 462 119 as as IN 33589 462 120 a a DT 33589 462 121 chapel chapel NN 33589 462 122 of of IN 33589 462 123 the the DT 33589 462 124 Houses Houses NNPS 33589 462 125 of of IN 33589 462 126 Parliament Parliament NNP 33589 462 127 , , , 33589 462 128 the the DT 33589 462 129 lantern lantern JJ 33589 462 130 tower tower NN 33589 462 131 of of IN 33589 462 132 Ely Ely NNP 33589 462 133 Cathedral Cathedral NNP 33589 462 134 ; ; : 33589 462 135 the the DT 33589 462 136 ruins ruin NNS 33589 462 137 of of IN 33589 462 138 Tintern Tintern NNP 33589 462 139 and and CC 33589 462 140 Battle Battle NNP 33589 462 141 Abbeys Abbeys NNPS 33589 462 142 , , , 33589 462 143 with with IN 33589 462 144 those those DT 33589 462 145 of of IN 33589 462 146 Melrose Melrose NNP 33589 462 147 Abbey Abbey NNP 33589 462 148 , , , 33589 462 149 which which WDT 33589 462 150 has have VBZ 33589 462 151 also also RB 33589 462 152 characteristic characteristic JJ 33589 462 153 Perpendicular Perpendicular NNP 33589 462 154 features feature NNS 33589 462 155 . . . 33589 463 1 To to IN 33589 463 2 the the DT 33589 463 3 same same JJ 33589 463 4 period period NN 33589 463 5 as as IN 33589 463 6 these these DT 33589 463 7 ecclesiastical ecclesiastical JJ 33589 463 8 buildings building NNS 33589 463 9 belong belong VBP 33589 463 10 the the DT 33589 463 11 Round Round NNP 33589 463 12 Tower Tower NNP 33589 463 13 at at IN 33589 463 14 Windsor Windsor NNP 33589 463 15 , , , 33589 463 16 the the DT 33589 463 17 Hall Hall NNP 33589 463 18 of of IN 33589 463 19 the the DT 33589 463 20 Bishop Bishop NNP 33589 463 21 's 's POS 33589 463 22 Palace Palace NNP 33589 463 23 at at IN 33589 463 24 Wells Wells NNP 33589 463 25 , , , 33589 463 26 Conway Conway NNP 33589 463 27 , , , 33589 463 28 Caernarvon Caernarvon NNP 33589 463 29 , , , 33589 463 30 and and CC 33589 463 31 Chepstow Chepstow NNP 33589 463 32 Castles Castles NNPS 33589 463 33 , , , 33589 463 34 all all DT 33589 463 35 recalling recall VBG 33589 463 36 Norman Norman NNP 33589 463 37 domestic domestic JJ 33589 463 38 architecture architecture NN 33589 463 39 in in IN 33589 463 40 the the DT 33589 463 41 general general JJ 33589 463 42 massiveness massiveness NN 33589 463 43 of of IN 33589 463 44 their -PRON- PRP$ 33589 463 45 structure structure NN 33589 463 46 , , , 33589 463 47 that that WDT 33589 463 48 is be VBZ 33589 463 49 relieved relieve VBN 33589 463 50 by by IN 33589 463 51 the the DT 33589 463 52 comparative comparative JJ 33589 463 53 lightness lightness NN 33589 463 54 of of IN 33589 463 55 such such JJ 33589 463 56 details detail NNS 33589 463 57 as as IN 33589 463 58 the the DT 33589 463 59 doors door NNS 33589 463 60 and and CC 33589 463 61 windows window NNS 33589 463 62 . . . 33589 464 1 Unfortunately unfortunately RB 33589 464 2 the the DT 33589 464 3 second second JJ 33589 464 4 half half NN 33589 464 5 of of IN 33589 464 6 the the DT 33589 464 7 14th 14th JJ 33589 464 8 century century NN 33589 464 9 was be VBD 33589 464 10 marked mark VBN 33589 464 11 by by IN 33589 464 12 a a DT 33589 464 13 tendency tendency NN 33589 464 14 to to TO 33589 464 15 destroy destroy VB 33589 464 16 or or CC 33589 464 17 obliterate obliterate VB 33589 464 18 the the DT 33589 464 19 characteristic characteristic JJ 33589 464 20 details detail NNS 33589 464 21 of of IN 33589 464 22 Early early JJ 33589 464 23 English English NNP 33589 464 24 and and CC 33589 464 25 Decorated decorate VBN 33589 464 26 buildings building NNS 33589 464 27 , , , 33589 464 28 a a DT 33589 464 29 notable notable JJ 33589 464 30 example example NN 33589 464 31 of of IN 33589 464 32 which which WDT 33589 464 33 is be VBZ 33589 464 34 Gloucester Gloucester NNP 33589 464 35 Cathedral Cathedral NNP 33589 464 36 , , , 33589 464 37 the the DT 33589 464 38 beautiful beautiful JJ 33589 464 39 eastern eastern JJ 33589 464 40 apse apse NN 33589 464 41 of of IN 33589 464 42 which which WDT 33589 464 43 was be VBD 33589 464 44 pulled pull VBN 33589 464 45 down down RP 33589 464 46 , , , 33589 464 47 whilst whilst IN 33589 464 48 the the DT 33589 464 49 piers pier NNS 33589 464 50 and and CC 33589 464 51 walls wall NNS 33589 464 52 of of IN 33589 464 53 the the DT 33589 464 54 rest rest NN 33589 464 55 of of IN 33589 464 56 the the DT 33589 464 57 building building NN 33589 464 58 were be VBD 33589 464 59 concealed conceal VBN 33589 464 60 as as RB 33589 464 61 much much JJ 33589 464 62 as as IN 33589 464 63 possible possible JJ 33589 464 64 , , , 33589 464 65 the the DT 33589 464 66 barbarism barbarism NN 33589 464 67 being be VBG 33589 464 68 , , , 33589 464 69 it -PRON- PRP 33589 464 70 must must MD 33589 464 71 be be VB 33589 464 72 owned own VBN 33589 464 73 , , , 33589 464 74 atoned atone VBN 33589 464 75 for for IN 33589 464 76 to to IN 33589 464 77 some some DT 33589 464 78 extent extent NN 33589 464 79 by by IN 33589 464 80 the the DT 33589 464 81 addition addition NN 33589 464 82 of of IN 33589 464 83 a a DT 33589 464 84 noble noble JJ 33589 464 85 eastern eastern JJ 33589 464 86 window window NN 33589 464 87 in in IN 33589 464 88 the the DT 33589 464 89 Perpendicular perpendicular JJ 33589 464 90 style style NN 33589 464 91 . . . 33589 465 1 The the DT 33589 465 2 nave nave NN 33589 465 3 of of IN 33589 465 4 Westminster Westminster NNP 33589 465 5 Abbey Abbey NNP 33589 465 6 , , , 33589 465 7 on on IN 33589 465 8 the the DT 33589 465 9 other other JJ 33589 465 10 hand hand NN 33589 465 11 , , , 33589 465 12 begun begin VBN 33589 465 13 just just RB 33589 465 14 after after IN 33589 465 15 the the DT 33589 465 16 restoration restoration NN 33589 465 17 of of IN 33589 465 18 Gloucester Gloucester NNP 33589 465 19 Cathedral Cathedral NNP 33589 465 20 was be VBD 33589 465 21 completed complete VBN 33589 465 22 , , , 33589 465 23 harmonises harmonise NNS 33589 465 24 well well RB 33589 465 25 with with IN 33589 465 26 the the DT 33589 465 27 earlier early JJR 33589 465 28 choir choir NN 33589 465 29 , , , 33589 465 30 and and CC 33589 465 31 may may MD 33589 465 32 be be VB 33589 465 33 quoted quote VBN 33589 465 34 , , , 33589 465 35 with with IN 33589 465 36 the the DT 33589 465 37 choir choir NN 33589 465 38 of of IN 33589 465 39 York York NNP 33589 465 40 Minster Minster NNP 33589 465 41 and and CC 33589 465 42 the the DT 33589 465 43 naves nave NNS 33589 465 44 of of IN 33589 465 45 Canterbury Canterbury NNP 33589 465 46 and and CC 33589 465 47 Winchester Winchester NNP 33589 465 48 Cathedrals Cathedrals NNPS 33589 465 49 , , , 33589 465 50 as as IN 33589 465 51 examples example NNS 33589 465 52 of of IN 33589 465 53 the the DT 33589 465 54 transition transition NN 33589 465 55 from from IN 33589 465 56 the the DT 33589 465 57 Decorated decorate VBN 33589 465 58 to to IN 33589 465 59 the the DT 33589 465 60 Perpendicular perpendicular JJ 33589 465 61 styles style NNS 33589 465 62 . . . 33589 466 1 To to IN 33589 466 2 the the DT 33589 466 3 final final JJ 33589 466 4 phase phase NN 33589 466 5 of of IN 33589 466 6 the the DT 33589 466 7 latter latter JJ 33589 466 8 belong belong VBP 33589 466 9 Beverley Beverley NNP 33589 466 10 Minster Minster NNP 33589 466 11 , , , 33589 466 12 the the DT 33589 466 13 Cathedral Cathedral NNP 33589 466 14 of of IN 33589 466 15 Chester Chester NNP 33589 466 16 , , , 33589 466 17 and and CC 33589 466 18 the the DT 33589 466 19 Abbey Abbey NNP 33589 466 20 Church Church NNP 33589 466 21 at at IN 33589 466 22 Bath Bath NNP 33589 466 23 , , , 33589 466 24 the the DT 33589 466 25 western western JJ 33589 466 26 façades façade NNS 33589 466 27 of of IN 33589 466 28 all all DT 33589 466 29 of of IN 33589 466 30 which which WDT 33589 466 31 are be VBP 33589 466 32 very very RB 33589 466 33 fine fine JJ 33589 466 34 , , , 33589 466 35 but but CC 33589 466 36 it -PRON- PRP 33589 466 37 was be VBD 33589 466 38 in in IN 33589 466 39 Henry Henry NNP 33589 466 40 VII VII NNP 33589 466 41 's 's POS 33589 466 42 Chapel Chapel NNP 33589 466 43 , , , 33589 466 44 Westminster Westminster NNP 33589 466 45 Abbey Abbey NNP 33589 466 46 , , , 33589 466 47 King King NNP 33589 466 48 's 's POS 33589 466 49 College College NNP 33589 466 50 Chapel Chapel NNP 33589 466 51 , , , 33589 466 52 Cambridge Cambridge NNP 33589 466 53 , , , 33589 466 54 and and CC 33589 466 55 St. St. NNP 33589 466 56 George George NNP 33589 466 57 's 's POS 33589 466 58 Chapel Chapel NNP 33589 466 59 , , , 33589 466 60 Windsor Windsor NNP 33589 466 61 , , , 33589 466 62 with with IN 33589 466 63 those those DT 33589 466 64 of of IN 33589 466 65 Holyrood Holyrood NNP 33589 466 66 and and CC 33589 466 67 Roslyn Roslyn NNP 33589 466 68 in in IN 33589 466 69 Scotland Scotland NNP 33589 466 70 , , , 33589 466 71 that that IN 33589 466 72 the the DT 33589 466 73 style style NN 33589 466 74 reached reach VBD 33589 466 75 its -PRON- PRP$ 33589 466 76 fullest full JJS 33589 466 77 development development NN 33589 466 78 . . . 33589 467 1 That that DT 33589 467 2 development development NN 33589 467 3 was be VBD 33589 467 4 , , , 33589 467 5 alas alas UH 33589 467 6 , , , 33589 467 7 however however RB 33589 467 8 , , , 33589 467 9 all all RB 33589 467 10 too too RB 33589 467 11 soon soon RB 33589 467 12 followed follow VBN 33589 467 13 by by IN 33589 467 14 a a DT 33589 467 15 decadence decadence NN 33589 467 16 that that WDT 33589 467 17 was be VBD 33589 467 18 ushered usher VBN 33589 467 19 in in RP 33589 467 20 by by IN 33589 467 21 an an DT 33589 467 22 employment employment NN 33589 467 23 of of IN 33589 467 24 too too RB 33589 467 25 lavish lavish JJ 33589 467 26 and and CC 33589 467 27 often often RB 33589 467 28 meaningless meaningless JJ 33589 467 29 ornamentation ornamentation NN 33589 467 30 which which WDT 33589 467 31 had have VBD 33589 467 32 nothing nothing NN 33589 467 33 to to TO 33589 467 34 do do VB 33589 467 35 with with IN 33589 467 36 structural structural JJ 33589 467 37 necessities necessity NNS 33589 467 38 . . . 33589 468 1 [ [ -LRB- 33589 468 2 Illustration illustration NN 33589 468 3 : : : 33589 468 4 Hammer Hammer NNP 33589 468 5 Beam Beam NNP 33589 468 6 Roof Roof NNP 33589 468 7 ] ] -RRB- 33589 468 8 [ [ -LRB- 33589 468 9 Illustration illustration NN 33589 468 10 : : : 33589 468 11 Perpendicular perpendicular JJ 33589 468 12 Roofing roofing NN 33589 468 13 ] ] -RRB- 33589 468 14 [ [ -LRB- 33589 468 15 Illustration illustration NN 33589 468 16 : : : 33589 468 17 Perpendicular Perpendicular NNP 33589 468 18 Window window NN 33589 468 19 ] ] -RRB- 33589 468 20 [ [ -LRB- 33589 468 21 Illustration illustration NN 33589 468 22 : : : 33589 468 23 Perpendicular Perpendicular NNP 33589 468 24 Niche Niche NNP 33589 468 25 ] ] -RRB- 33589 468 26 Westminster Westminster NNP 33589 468 27 Chapel Chapel NNP 33589 468 28 , , , 33589 468 29 in in IN 33589 468 30 addition addition NN 33589 468 31 to to IN 33589 468 32 the the DT 33589 468 33 characteristic characteristic JJ 33589 468 34 fan fan NN 33589 468 35 - - HYPH 33589 468 36 tracery tracery NN 33589 468 37 roof roof NN 33589 468 38 already already RB 33589 468 39 referred refer VBD 33589 468 40 to to IN 33589 468 41 , , , 33589 468 42 has have VBZ 33589 468 43 an an DT 33589 468 44 exceptionally exceptionally RB 33589 468 45 beautiful beautiful JJ 33589 468 46 chevet chevet NNS 33589 468 47 with with IN 33589 468 48 five five CD 33589 468 49 apsidal apsidal NN 33589 468 50 chapels chapel NNS 33589 468 51 , , , 33589 468 52 a a DT 33589 468 53 finely finely RB 33589 468 54 vaulted vault VBN 33589 468 55 nave nave NN 33589 468 56 , , , 33589 468 57 aisles aisles NNP 33589 468 58 , , , 33589 468 59 and and CC 33589 468 60 cloisters cloister NNS 33589 468 61 , , , 33589 468 62 in in IN 33589 468 63 which which WDT 33589 468 64 Decorated Decorated NNP 33589 468 65 and and CC 33589 468 66 Perpendicular perpendicular JJ 33589 468 67 details detail NNS 33589 468 68 are be VBP 33589 468 69 harmoniously harmoniously RB 33589 468 70 combined combine VBN 33589 468 71 . . . 33589 469 1 King King NNP 33589 469 2 's 's POS 33589 469 3 College College NNP 33589 469 4 Chapel Chapel NNP 33589 469 5 , , , 33589 469 6 Cambridge Cambridge NNP 33589 469 7 , , , 33589 469 8 and and CC 33589 469 9 St. St. NNP 33589 469 10 George George NNP 33589 469 11 's 's POS 33589 469 12 , , , 33589 469 13 Windsor Windsor NNP 33589 469 14 , , , 33589 469 15 are be VBP 33589 469 16 both both DT 33589 469 17 entirely entirely RB 33589 469 18 in in IN 33589 469 19 the the DT 33589 469 20 Perpendicular perpendicular JJ 33589 469 21 style style NN 33589 469 22 , , , 33589 469 23 whilst whilst IN 33589 469 24 the the DT 33589 469 25 Scotch Scotch NNP 33589 469 26 examples example NNS 33589 469 27 quoted quote VBN 33589 469 28 above above RB 33589 469 29 are be VBP 33589 469 30 specially specially RB 33589 469 31 noticeable noticeable JJ 33589 469 32 for for IN 33589 469 33 the the DT 33589 469 34 contrast contrast NN 33589 469 35 their -PRON- PRP$ 33589 469 36 massive massive JJ 33589 469 37 pillars pillar NNS 33589 469 38 and and CC 33589 469 39 arcades arcade NNS 33589 469 40 present present JJ 33589 469 41 to to IN 33589 469 42 the the DT 33589 469 43 airy airy JJ 33589 469 44 lightness lightness NN 33589 469 45 of of IN 33589 469 46 their -PRON- PRP$ 33589 469 47 vaulting vaulting NN 33589 469 48 . . . 33589 470 1 Less less RBR 33589 470 2 important important JJ 33589 470 3 Perpendicular perpendicular JJ 33589 470 4 ecclesiastical ecclesiastical JJ 33589 470 5 buildings building NNS 33589 470 6 are be VBP 33589 470 7 the the DT 33589 470 8 parish parish JJ 33589 470 9 churches church NNS 33589 470 10 of of IN 33589 470 11 Blakeney Blakeney NNP 33589 470 12 and and CC 33589 470 13 Cley Cley NNP 33589 470 14 in in IN 33589 470 15 Norfolk Norfolk NNP 33589 470 16 , , , 33589 470 17 the the DT 33589 470 18 former former JJ 33589 470 19 with with IN 33589 470 20 a a DT 33589 470 21 specially specially RB 33589 470 22 fine fine JJ 33589 470 23 east east JJ 33589 470 24 window window NN 33589 470 25 , , , 33589 470 26 the the DT 33589 470 27 latter latter JJ 33589 470 28 unfortunately unfortunately RB 33589 470 29 almost almost RB 33589 470 30 in in IN 33589 470 31 ruins ruin NNS 33589 470 32 , , , 33589 470 33 but but CC 33589 470 34 notable notable JJ 33589 470 35 on on IN 33589 470 36 account account NN 33589 470 37 of of IN 33589 470 38 the the DT 33589 470 39 beauty beauty NN 33589 470 40 of of IN 33589 470 41 the the DT 33589 470 42 decorative decorative JJ 33589 470 43 carving carving NN 33589 470 44 ; ; : 33589 470 45 the the DT 33589 470 46 parish parish JJ 33589 470 47 church church NN 33589 470 48 of of IN 33589 470 49 Fairford Fairford NNP 33589 470 50 , , , 33589 470 51 Gloucestershire Gloucestershire NNP 33589 470 52 , , , 33589 470 53 the the DT 33589 470 54 stained stain VBN 33589 470 55 glass glass NN 33589 470 56 windows window NNS 33589 470 57 of of IN 33589 470 58 which which WDT 33589 470 59 are be VBP 33589 470 60 amongst amongst IN 33589 470 61 the the DT 33589 470 62 finest fine JJS 33589 470 63 in in IN 33589 470 64 England England NNP 33589 470 65 ; ; : 33589 470 66 and and CC 33589 470 67 Christ Christ NNP 33589 470 68 Church Church NNP 33589 470 69 College College NNP 33589 470 70 , , , 33589 470 71 Oxford Oxford NNP 33589 470 72 , , , 33589 470 73 in in IN 33589 470 74 which which WDT 33589 470 75 town town NN 33589 470 76 , , , 33589 470 77 by by IN 33589 470 78 the the DT 33589 470 79 way way NN 33589 470 80 , , , 33589 470 81 Gothic gothic JJ 33589 470 82 traditions tradition NNS 33589 470 83 lingered linger VBN 33589 470 84 longer long RBR 33589 470 85 than than IN 33589 470 86 anywhere anywhere RB 33589 470 87 else else RB 33589 470 88 in in IN 33589 470 89 England England NNP 33589 470 90 . . . 33589 471 1 [ [ -LRB- 33589 471 2 Illustration illustration NN 33589 471 3 : : : 33589 471 4 Corbel Corbel NNP 33589 471 5 ] ] -RRB- 33589 471 6 Notable notable JJ 33589 471 7 secular secular JJ 33589 471 8 buildings building NNS 33589 471 9 in in IN 33589 471 10 the the DT 33589 471 11 latest late JJS 33589 471 12 phase phase NN 33589 471 13 of of IN 33589 471 14 English English NNP 33589 471 15 Gothic Gothic NNP 33589 471 16 are be VBP 33589 471 17 Westminster Westminster NNP 33589 471 18 Hall Hall NNP 33589 471 19 , , , 33589 471 20 and and CC 33589 471 21 the the DT 33589 471 22 earlier early JJR 33589 471 23 portions portion NNS 33589 471 24 of of IN 33589 471 25 Hampton Hampton NNP 33589 471 26 Court Court NNP 33589 471 27 Palace Palace NNP 33589 471 28 , , , 33589 471 29 whilst whilst IN 33589 471 30 Longleat Longleat NNP 33589 471 31 Palace Palace NNP 33589 471 32 , , , 33589 471 33 Wiltshire Wiltshire NNP 33589 471 34 , , , 33589 471 35 and and CC 33589 471 36 Christ Christ NNP 33589 471 37 Church Church NNP 33589 471 38 Hall Hall NNP 33589 471 39 , , , 33589 471 40 Oxford Oxford NNP 33589 471 41 , , , 33589 471 42 with with IN 33589 471 43 a a DT 33589 471 44 fine fine JJ 33589 471 45 open open JJ 33589 471 46 timber timber NN 33589 471 47 roof roof NN 33589 471 48 , , , 33589 471 49 are be VBP 33589 471 50 good good JJ 33589 471 51 examples example NNS 33589 471 52 of of IN 33589 471 53 the the DT 33589 471 54 transition transition NN 33589 471 55 from from IN 33589 471 56 the the DT 33589 471 57 Gothic Gothic NNP 33589 471 58 to to IN 33589 471 59 the the DT 33589 471 60 Renaissance Renaissance NNP 33589 471 61 styles style NNS 33589 471 62 , , , 33589 471 63 the the DT 33589 471 64 general general JJ 33589 471 65 plans plan NNS 33589 471 66 belonging belong VBG 33589 471 67 to to IN 33589 471 68 the the DT 33589 471 69 former former JJ 33589 471 70 and and CC 33589 471 71 the the DT 33589 471 72 decorative decorative JJ 33589 471 73 details detail NNS 33589 471 74 being be VBG 33589 471 75 Italian italian JJ 33589 471 76 in in IN 33589 471 77 feeling feeling NN 33589 471 78 . . . 33589 472 1 CHAPTER chapter NN 33589 472 2 X X NNP 33589 472 3 RENAISSANCE RENAISSANCE NNP 33589 472 4 ARCHITECTURE architecture VBP 33589 472 5 IN in IN 33589 472 6 EUROPE EUROPE NNP 33589 472 7 The the DT 33589 472 8 term term NN 33589 472 9 Renaissance Renaissance NNP 33589 472 10 , , , 33589 472 11 signifying signify VBG 33589 472 12 revival revival NN 33589 472 13 , , , 33589 472 14 has have VBZ 33589 472 15 been be VBN 33589 472 16 given give VBN 33589 472 17 to to IN 33589 472 18 the the DT 33589 472 19 style style NN 33589 472 20 which which WDT 33589 472 21 succeeded succeed VBD 33589 472 22 the the DT 33589 472 23 Gothic Gothic NNP 33589 472 24 . . . 33589 473 1 It -PRON- PRP 33589 473 2 was be VBD 33589 473 3 , , , 33589 473 4 to to IN 33589 473 5 a a DT 33589 473 6 great great JJ 33589 473 7 extent extent NN 33589 473 8 , , , 33589 473 9 a a DT 33589 473 10 reversion reversion NN 33589 473 11 to to IN 33589 473 12 classic classic JJ 33589 473 13 ideals ideal NNS 33589 473 14 modified modify VBN 33589 473 15 to to TO 33589 473 16 suit suit VB 33589 473 17 modern modern JJ 33589 473 18 requirements requirement NNS 33589 473 19 . . . 33589 474 1 Its -PRON- PRP$ 33589 474 2 leading leading JJ 33589 474 3 characteristics characteristic NNS 33589 474 4 are be VBP 33589 474 5 simplicity simplicity NN 33589 474 6 of of IN 33589 474 7 plan plan NN 33589 474 8 , , , 33589 474 9 symmetry symmetry NN 33589 474 10 of of IN 33589 474 11 proportion proportion NN 33589 474 12 , , , 33589 474 13 and and CC 33589 474 14 massive massive JJ 33589 474 15 grandeur grandeur NN 33589 474 16 of of IN 33589 474 17 general general JJ 33589 474 18 effect effect NN 33589 474 19 , , , 33589 474 20 a a DT 33589 474 21 minor minor JJ 33589 474 22 peculiarity peculiarity NN 33589 474 23 being be VBG 33589 474 24 the the DT 33589 474 25 lavish lavish JJ 33589 474 26 use use NN 33589 474 27 of of IN 33589 474 28 plaster plaster NN 33589 474 29 , , , 33589 474 30 not not RB 33589 474 31 only only RB 33589 474 32 for for IN 33589 474 33 surface surface NN 33589 474 34 decoration decoration NN 33589 474 35 , , , 33589 474 36 but but CC 33589 474 37 also also RB 33589 474 38 in in IN 33589 474 39 some some DT 33589 474 40 cases case NNS 33589 474 41 for for IN 33589 474 42 the the DT 33589 474 43 actual actual JJ 33589 474 44 structure structure NN 33589 474 45 of of IN 33589 474 46 such such JJ 33589 474 47 details detail NNS 33589 474 48 as as IN 33589 474 49 cornices cornice NNS 33589 474 50 , , , 33589 474 51 & & CC 33589 474 52 c. c. NNP 33589 474 53 [ [ -LRB- 33589 474 54 Illustration illustration NN 33589 474 55 : : : 33589 474 56 Example example NN 33589 474 57 of of IN 33589 474 58 Renaissance Renaissance NNP 33589 474 59 Ornament Ornament NNP 33589 474 60 ] ] -RRB- 33589 474 61 The the DT 33589 474 62 Renaissance Renaissance NNP 33589 474 63 style style NN 33589 474 64 was be VBD 33589 474 65 inaugurated inaugurate VBN 33589 474 66 in in IN 33589 474 67 Italy Italy NNP 33589 474 68 , , , 33589 474 69 where where WRB 33589 474 70 , , , 33589 474 71 as as IN 33589 474 72 already already RB 33589 474 73 stated state VBN 33589 474 74 , , , 33589 474 75 the the DT 33589 474 76 Gothic Gothic NNP 33589 474 77 never never RB 33589 474 78 took take VBD 33589 474 79 root root NN 33589 474 80 , , , 33589 474 81 and and CC 33589 474 82 spread spread VBD 33589 474 83 thence thence NN 33589 474 84 to to IN 33589 474 85 the the DT 33589 474 86 other other JJ 33589 474 87 countries country NNS 33589 474 88 of of IN 33589 474 89 Europe Europe NNP 33589 474 90 , , , 33589 474 91 assuming assume VBG 33589 474 92 in in IN 33589 474 93 each each DT 33589 474 94 country country NN 33589 474 95 a a DT 33589 474 96 certain certain JJ 33589 474 97 distinctive distinctive JJ 33589 474 98 character character NN 33589 474 99 of of IN 33589 474 100 its -PRON- PRP$ 33589 474 101 own own JJ 33589 474 102 in in IN 33589 474 103 harmony harmony NN 33589 474 104 with with IN 33589 474 105 its -PRON- PRP$ 33589 474 106 environment environment NN 33589 474 107 . . . 33589 475 1 In in IN 33589 475 2 Italian italian JJ 33589 475 3 Renaissance Renaissance NNP 33589 475 4 ecclesiastical ecclesiastical JJ 33589 475 5 architecture architecture NN 33589 475 6 the the DT 33589 475 7 old old JJ 33589 475 8 basilican basilican JJ 33589 475 9 plan plan NN 33589 475 10 was be VBD 33589 475 11 revived revive VBN 33589 475 12 , , , 33589 475 13 the the DT 33589 475 14 dome dome NN 33589 475 15 became become VBD 33589 475 16 again again RB 33589 475 17 , , , 33589 475 18 as as IN 33589 475 19 in in IN 33589 475 20 ancient ancient JJ 33589 475 21 Rome Rome NNP 33589 475 22 , , , 33589 475 23 the the DT 33589 475 24 crowning crowning JJ 33589 475 25 glory glory NN 33589 475 26 of of IN 33589 475 27 the the DT 33589 475 28 building building NN 33589 475 29 , , , 33589 475 30 and and CC 33589 475 31 was be VBD 33589 475 32 combined combine VBN 33589 475 33 with with IN 33589 475 34 horizontal horizontal JJ 33589 475 35 entablatures entablature NNS 33589 475 36 upheld uphold VBN 33589 475 37 by by IN 33589 475 38 columns column NNS 33589 475 39 , , , 33589 475 40 with with IN 33589 475 41 capitals capital NNS 33589 475 42 of of IN 33589 475 43 one one CD 33589 475 44 or or CC 33589 475 45 another another DT 33589 475 46 of of IN 33589 475 47 the the DT 33589 475 48 Greek greek JJ 33589 475 49 orders order NNS 33589 475 50 , , , 33589 475 51 and and CC 33589 475 52 porticoes porticoe VBZ 33589 475 53 with with IN 33589 475 54 pediments pediment NNS 33589 475 55 . . . 33589 476 1 In in IN 33589 476 2 secular secular JJ 33589 476 3 Italian italian JJ 33589 476 4 Renaissance Renaissance NNP 33589 476 5 a a DT 33589 476 6 very very RB 33589 476 7 notable notable JJ 33589 476 8 feature feature NN 33589 476 9 is be VBZ 33589 476 10 the the DT 33589 476 11 central central JJ 33589 476 12 cortile cortile NNP 33589 476 13 or or CC 33589 476 14 courtyard courtyard NN 33589 476 15 surrounded surround VBN 33589 476 16 by by IN 33589 476 17 open open JJ 33589 476 18 arcades arcade NNS 33589 476 19 , , , 33589 476 20 above above IN 33589 476 21 which which WDT 33589 476 22 are be VBP 33589 476 23 the the DT 33589 476 24 principal principal JJ 33589 476 25 apartments apartment NNS 33589 476 26 , , , 33589 476 27 of of IN 33589 476 28 style style NN 33589 476 29 corresponding correspond VBG 33589 476 30 with with IN 33589 476 31 that that DT 33589 476 32 of of IN 33589 476 33 the the DT 33589 476 34 arcades arcade NNS 33589 476 35 , , , 33589 476 36 the the DT 33589 476 37 round round RB 33589 476 38 - - HYPH 33589 476 39 headed head VBN 33589 476 40 windows window NNS 33589 476 41 being be VBG 33589 476 42 divided divide VBN 33589 476 43 from from IN 33589 476 44 each each DT 33589 476 45 other other JJ 33589 476 46 by by IN 33589 476 47 slender slend JJR 33589 476 48 pilasters pilaster NNS 33589 476 49 , , , 33589 476 50 and and CC 33589 476 51 the the DT 33589 476 52 spandrels spandrel NNS 33589 476 53 above above IN 33589 476 54 them -PRON- PRP 33589 476 55 filled fill VBD 33589 476 56 in in RP 33589 476 57 with with IN 33589 476 58 sculptured sculptured JJ 33589 476 59 ornamentation ornamentation NN 33589 476 60 . . . 33589 477 1 The the DT 33589 477 2 principal principal JJ 33589 477 3 façade façade NN 33589 477 4 of of IN 33589 477 5 Italian italian JJ 33589 477 6 palaces palace NNS 33589 477 7 was be VBD 33589 477 8 especially especially RB 33589 477 9 ornate ornate JJ 33589 477 10 , , , 33589 477 11 richly richly RB 33589 477 12 decorated decorate VBN 33589 477 13 courses course NNS 33589 477 14 of of IN 33589 477 15 stone stone NN 33589 477 16 dividing divide VBG 33589 477 17 the the DT 33589 477 18 stories story NNS 33589 477 19 from from IN 33589 477 20 each each DT 33589 477 21 other other JJ 33589 477 22 , , , 33589 477 23 in in IN 33589 477 24 which which WDT 33589 477 25 the the DT 33589 477 26 fenestration fenestration NN 33589 477 27 or or CC 33589 477 28 grouping grouping NN 33589 477 29 of of IN 33589 477 30 the the DT 33589 477 31 windows window NNS 33589 477 32 was be VBD 33589 477 33 peculiarly peculiarly RB 33589 477 34 effective effective JJ 33589 477 35 . . . 33589 478 1 Whereas whereas IN 33589 478 2 in in IN 33589 478 3 the the DT 33589 478 4 history history NN 33589 478 5 of of IN 33589 478 6 mediæval mediæval NN 33589 478 7 architecture architecture NN 33589 478 8 few few JJ 33589 478 9 names name NNS 33589 478 10 emerge emerge VBP 33589 478 11 from from IN 33589 478 12 the the DT 33589 478 13 obscurity obscurity NN 33589 478 14 in in IN 33589 478 15 which which WDT 33589 478 16 those those DT 33589 478 17 who who WP 33589 478 18 planned plan VBD 33589 478 19 and and CC 33589 478 20 erected erect VBD 33589 478 21 the the DT 33589 478 22 great great JJ 33589 478 23 cathedrals cathedral NNS 33589 478 24 , , , 33589 478 25 churches church NNS 33589 478 26 , , , 33589 478 27 and and CC 33589 478 28 castles castle NNS 33589 478 29 were be VBD 33589 478 30 content content JJ 33589 478 31 to to TO 33589 478 32 remain remain VB 33589 478 33 , , , 33589 478 34 in in IN 33589 478 35 that that DT 33589 478 36 of of IN 33589 478 37 Renaissance Renaissance NNP 33589 478 38 the the DT 33589 478 39 individual individual JJ 33589 478 40 architect architect NN 33589 478 41 comes come VBZ 33589 478 42 to to IN 33589 478 43 the the DT 33589 478 44 front front NN 33589 478 45 , , , 33589 478 46 all all PDT 33589 478 47 the the DT 33589 478 48 designing designing NN 33589 478 49 having have VBG 33589 478 50 been be VBN 33589 478 51 done do VBN 33589 478 52 by by IN 33589 478 53 him -PRON- PRP 33589 478 54 and and CC 33589 478 55 the the DT 33589 478 56 whole whole JJ 33589 478 57 work work NN 33589 478 58 carried carry VBN 33589 478 59 on on RP 33589 478 60 under under IN 33589 478 61 his -PRON- PRP$ 33589 478 62 personal personal JJ 33589 478 63 superintendence superintendence NN 33589 478 64 . . . 33589 479 1 In in IN 33589 479 2 the the DT 33589 479 3 new new JJ 33589 479 4 movement movement NN 33589 479 5 Florence Florence NNP 33589 479 6 took take VBD 33589 479 7 the the DT 33589 479 8 lead lead NN 33589 479 9 , , , 33589 479 10 owing owe VBG 33589 479 11 the the DT 33589 479 12 pre pre NN 33589 479 13 - - NN 33589 479 14 eminence eminence VB 33589 479 15 she -PRON- PRP 33589 479 16 quickly quickly RB 33589 479 17 won win VBD 33589 479 18 to to IN 33589 479 19 the the DT 33589 479 20 gifted gifted JJ 33589 479 21 and and CC 33589 479 22 versatile versatile NN 33589 479 23 Filippo Filippo NNP 33589 479 24 Brunelleschi Brunelleschi NNP 33589 479 25 , , , 33589 479 26 who who WP 33589 479 27 , , , 33589 479 28 like like UH 33589 479 29 so so RB 33589 479 30 many many JJ 33589 479 31 of of IN 33589 479 32 his -PRON- PRP$ 33589 479 33 famous famous JJ 33589 479 34 contemporaries contemporary NNS 33589 479 35 , , , 33589 479 36 was be VBD 33589 479 37 a a DT 33589 479 38 skilled skilled JJ 33589 479 39 goldsmith goldsmith NN 33589 479 40 and and CC 33589 479 41 sculptor sculptor NN 33589 479 42 before before IN 33589 479 43 he -PRON- PRP 33589 479 44 became become VBD 33589 479 45 an an DT 33589 479 46 architect architect NN 33589 479 47 . . . 33589 480 1 His -PRON- PRP$ 33589 480 2 first first JJ 33589 480 3 work work NN 33589 480 4 of of IN 33589 480 5 importance importance NN 33589 480 6 was be VBD 33589 480 7 the the DT 33589 480 8 dome dome NN 33589 480 9 he -PRON- PRP 33589 480 10 added add VBD 33589 480 11 to to IN 33589 480 12 the the DT 33589 480 13 unfinished unfinished JJ 33589 480 14 cathedral cathedral NN 33589 480 15 of of IN 33589 480 16 his -PRON- PRP$ 33589 480 17 native native JJ 33589 480 18 city city NN 33589 480 19 , , , 33589 480 20 which which WDT 33589 480 21 was be VBD 33589 480 22 soon soon RB 33589 480 23 succeeded succeed VBN 33589 480 24 by by IN 33589 480 25 the the DT 33589 480 26 Churches Churches NNPS 33589 480 27 of of IN 33589 480 28 S. S. NNP 33589 480 29 Spirito Spirito NNP 33589 480 30 and and CC 33589 480 31 S. S. NNP 33589 480 32 Lorenzo Lorenzo NNP 33589 480 33 , , , 33589 480 34 both both DT 33589 480 35 of of IN 33589 480 36 which which WDT 33589 480 37 are be VBP 33589 480 38 typical typical JJ 33589 480 39 Renaissance Renaissance NNP 33589 480 40 buildings building NNS 33589 480 41 , , , 33589 480 42 as as IN 33589 480 43 is be VBZ 33589 480 44 also also RB 33589 480 45 the the DT 33589 480 46 Puzzi Puzzi NNP 33589 480 47 Chapel Chapel NNP 33589 480 48 , , , 33589 480 49 on on IN 33589 480 50 which which WDT 33589 480 51 the the DT 33589 480 52 architect architect NN 33589 480 53 displayed display VBD 33589 480 54 his -PRON- PRP$ 33589 480 55 wonderful wonderful JJ 33589 480 56 sense sense NN 33589 480 57 of of IN 33589 480 58 symmetry symmetry NN 33589 480 59 , , , 33589 480 60 combining combine VBG 33589 480 61 domes dome NNS 33589 480 62 , , , 33589 480 63 arches arch NNS 33589 480 64 , , , 33589 480 65 and and CC 33589 480 66 lintels lintel NNS 33589 480 67 with with IN 33589 480 68 consummate consummate JJ 33589 480 69 skill skill NN 33589 480 70 . . . 33589 481 1 Fine fine JJ 33589 481 2 examples example NNS 33589 481 3 of of IN 33589 481 4 Renaissance Renaissance NNP 33589 481 5 secular secular JJ 33589 481 6 architecture architecture NN 33589 481 7 in in IN 33589 481 8 Florence Florence NNP 33589 481 9 are be VBP 33589 481 10 the the DT 33589 481 11 Riccardi Riccardi NNPS 33589 481 12 and and CC 33589 481 13 Pitti Pitti NNP 33589 481 14 Palaces Palaces NNPS 33589 481 15 , , , 33589 481 16 both both DT 33589 481 17 designed design VBN 33589 481 18 by by IN 33589 481 19 Brunelleschi Brunelleschi NNP 33589 481 20 , , , 33589 481 21 but but CC 33589 481 22 considerably considerably RB 33589 481 23 modified modify VBN 33589 481 24 after after IN 33589 481 25 his -PRON- PRP$ 33589 481 26 death death NN 33589 481 27 , , , 33589 481 28 the the DT 33589 481 29 Rucellai Rucellai NNP 33589 481 30 Palace Palace NNP 33589 481 31 by by IN 33589 481 32 Alberti Alberti NNP 33589 481 33 , , , 33589 481 34 a a DT 33589 481 35 worthy worthy JJ 33589 481 36 successor successor NN 33589 481 37 of of IN 33589 481 38 Brunelleschi Brunelleschi NNP 33589 481 39 , , , 33589 481 40 the the DT 33589 481 41 Guadagni Guadagni NNP 33589 481 42 Palace Palace NNP 33589 481 43 , , , 33589 481 44 designed design VBN 33589 481 45 by by IN 33589 481 46 Bramante Bramante NNP 33589 481 47 , , , 33589 481 48 and and CC 33589 481 49 the the DT 33589 481 50 Pandolfini Pandolfini NNP 33589 481 51 , , , 33589 481 52 designed design VBN 33589 481 53 by by IN 33589 481 54 Raphael Raphael NNP 33589 481 55 , , , 33589 481 56 the the DT 33589 481 57 last last JJ 33589 481 58 very very RB 33589 481 59 characteristic characteristic JJ 33589 481 60 of of IN 33589 481 61 the the DT 33589 481 62 mature mature JJ 33589 481 63 phase phase NN 33589 481 64 of of IN 33589 481 65 Italian italian JJ 33589 481 66 Renaissance Renaissance NNP 33589 481 67 . . . 33589 482 1 [ [ -LRB- 33589 482 2 Illustration illustration NN 33589 482 3 : : : 33589 482 4 Façade Façade NNP 33589 482 5 of of IN 33589 482 6 a a DT 33589 482 7 Venetian Venetian NNP 33589 482 8 Palace Palace NNP 33589 482 9 ] ] -RRB- 33589 482 10 It -PRON- PRP 33589 482 11 was be VBD 33589 482 12 in in IN 33589 482 13 Rome Rome NNP 33589 482 14 that that IN 33589 482 15 the the DT 33589 482 16 style style NN 33589 482 17 reached reach VBD 33589 482 18 its -PRON- PRP$ 33589 482 19 noblest noble JJS 33589 482 20 development development NN 33589 482 21 , , , 33589 482 22 and and CC 33589 482 23 the the DT 33589 482 24 Cathedral Cathedral NNP 33589 482 25 of of IN 33589 482 26 S. S. NNP 33589 482 27 Peter Peter NNP 33589 482 28 's 's POS 33589 482 29 , , , 33589 482 30 on on IN 33589 482 31 which which WDT 33589 482 32 all all PDT 33589 482 33 the the DT 33589 482 34 greatest great JJS 33589 482 35 architects architect NNS 33589 482 36 of of IN 33589 482 37 the the DT 33589 482 38 16th 16th JJ 33589 482 39 and and CC 33589 482 40 17th 17th JJ 33589 482 41 centuries century NNS 33589 482 42 were be VBD 33589 482 43 successively successively RB 33589 482 44 employed employ VBN 33589 482 45 , , , 33589 482 46 affords afford VBZ 33589 482 47 a a DT 33589 482 48 unique unique JJ 33589 482 49 opportunity opportunity NN 33589 482 50 for for IN 33589 482 51 its -PRON- PRP$ 33589 482 52 study study NN 33589 482 53 . . . 33589 483 1 Built build VBN 33589 483 2 on on IN 33589 483 3 the the DT 33589 483 4 site site NN 33589 483 5 of of IN 33589 483 6 the the DT 33589 483 7 old old JJ 33589 483 8 basilica basilica NN 33589 483 9 of of IN 33589 483 10 S. S. NNP 33589 483 11 Peter Peter NNP 33589 483 12 , , , 33589 483 13 alluded allude VBD 33589 483 14 to to IN 33589 483 15 in in IN 33589 483 16 the the DT 33589 483 17 section section NN 33589 483 18 on on IN 33589 483 19 Early early JJ 33589 483 20 Christian christian JJ 33589 483 21 architecture architecture NN 33589 483 22 , , , 33589 483 23 what what WP 33589 483 24 was be VBD 33589 483 25 to to TO 33589 483 26 become become VB 33589 483 27 the the DT 33589 483 28 largest large JJS 33589 483 29 church church NN 33589 483 30 in in IN 33589 483 31 the the DT 33589 483 32 world world NN 33589 483 33 was be VBD 33589 483 34 begun begin VBN 33589 483 35 by by IN 33589 483 36 Bramante Bramante NNP 33589 483 37 in in IN 33589 483 38 1506 1506 CD 33589 483 39 . . . 33589 484 1 His -PRON- PRP$ 33589 484 2 plan plan NN 33589 484 3 , , , 33589 484 4 that that DT 33589 484 5 of of IN 33589 484 6 a a DT 33589 484 7 square square NN 33589 484 8 with with IN 33589 484 9 four four CD 33589 484 10 projecting projecting NN 33589 484 11 apses apse NNS 33589 484 12 , , , 33589 484 13 to to TO 33589 484 14 be be VB 33589 484 15 covered cover VBN 33589 484 16 in in RB 33589 484 17 with with IN 33589 484 18 a a DT 33589 484 19 central central JJ 33589 484 20 and and CC 33589 484 21 four four CD 33589 484 22 supplementary supplementary JJ 33589 484 23 domes dome NNS 33589 484 24 , , , 33589 484 25 was be VBD 33589 484 26 followed follow VBN 33589 484 27 until until IN 33589 484 28 his -PRON- PRP$ 33589 484 29 death death NN 33589 484 30 in in IN 33589 484 31 1514 1514 CD 33589 484 32 , , , 33589 484 33 when when WRB 33589 484 34 the the DT 33589 484 35 work work NN 33589 484 36 was be VBD 33589 484 37 carried carry VBN 33589 484 38 on on RP 33589 484 39 by by IN 33589 484 40 Giuliano Giuliano NNP 33589 484 41 da da NNP 33589 484 42 San San NNP 33589 484 43 Gallo Gallo NNP 33589 484 44 , , , 33589 484 45 Fra Fra NNP 33589 484 46 Giacondo Giacondo NNP 33589 484 47 and and CC 33589 484 48 Raphael Raphael NNP 33589 484 49 , , , 33589 484 50 who who WP 33589 484 51 were be VBD 33589 484 52 in in IN 33589 484 53 favour favour NN 33589 484 54 of of IN 33589 484 55 certain certain JJ 33589 484 56 modifications modification NNS 33589 484 57 of of IN 33589 484 58 the the DT 33589 484 59 original original JJ 33589 484 60 design design NN 33589 484 61 , , , 33589 484 62 that that IN 33589 484 63 if if IN 33589 484 64 carried carry VBN 33589 484 65 out out RP 33589 484 66 would would MD 33589 484 67 have have VB 33589 484 68 converted convert VBN 33589 484 69 the the DT 33589 484 70 square square NN 33589 484 71 into into IN 33589 484 72 a a DT 33589 484 73 Latin Latin NNP 33589 484 74 cross cross NN 33589 484 75 . . . 33589 485 1 The the DT 33589 485 2 withdrawal withdrawal NN 33589 485 3 of of IN 33589 485 4 San San NNP 33589 485 5 Gallo Gallo NNP 33589 485 6 , , , 33589 485 7 and and CC 33589 485 8 the the DT 33589 485 9 deaths death NNS 33589 485 10 of of IN 33589 485 11 Giacondo Giacondo NNP 33589 485 12 and and CC 33589 485 13 Raphael Raphael NNP 33589 485 14 in in IN 33589 485 15 1515 1515 CD 33589 485 16 , , , 33589 485 17 led lead VBD 33589 485 18 to to IN 33589 485 19 Baldasarre Baldasarre NNP 33589 485 20 Peruzzi Peruzzi NNP 33589 485 21 being be VBG 33589 485 22 appointed appoint VBN 33589 485 23 architect architect NN 33589 485 24 , , , 33589 485 25 and and CC 33589 485 26 under under IN 33589 485 27 his -PRON- PRP$ 33589 485 28 auspices auspex NNS 33589 485 29 the the DT 33589 485 30 plan plan NN 33589 485 31 was be VBD 33589 485 32 changed change VBN 33589 485 33 to to IN 33589 485 34 that that DT 33589 485 35 of of IN 33589 485 36 a a DT 33589 485 37 Greek greek JJ 33589 485 38 cross cross NN 33589 485 39 . . . 33589 486 1 Before before IN 33589 486 2 his -PRON- PRP$ 33589 486 3 death death NN 33589 486 4 in in IN 33589 486 5 1536 1536 CD 33589 486 6 the the DT 33589 486 7 present present JJ 33589 486 8 south south NN 33589 486 9 transept transept VBN 33589 486 10 and and CC 33589 486 11 the the DT 33589 486 12 vaulting vaulting NN 33589 486 13 , , , 33589 486 14 that that WDT 33589 486 15 was be VBD 33589 486 16 to to TO 33589 486 17 encircle encircle VB 33589 486 18 the the DT 33589 486 19 central central JJ 33589 486 20 dome dome NN 33589 486 21 were be VBD 33589 486 22 finished finish VBN 33589 486 23 , , , 33589 486 24 and and CC 33589 486 25 the the DT 33589 486 26 massive massive JJ 33589 486 27 pendentives pendentive NNS 33589 486 28 that that WDT 33589 486 29 were be VBD 33589 486 30 to to TO 33589 486 31 uphold uphold VB 33589 486 32 the the DT 33589 486 33 latter latter JJ 33589 486 34 were be VBD 33589 486 35 begun begin VBN 33589 486 36 . . . 33589 487 1 The the DT 33589 487 2 next next JJ 33589 487 3 architect architect NN 33589 487 4 to to TO 33589 487 5 take take VB 33589 487 6 up up RP 33589 487 7 the the DT 33589 487 8 vast vast JJ 33589 487 9 scheme scheme NN 33589 487 10 was be VBD 33589 487 11 Antonio Antonio NNP 33589 487 12 da da NNP 33589 487 13 San San NNP 33589 487 14 Gallo Gallo NNP 33589 487 15 , , , 33589 487 16 who who WP 33589 487 17 , , , 33589 487 18 could could MD 33589 487 19 he -PRON- PRP 33589 487 20 have have VB 33589 487 21 obtained obtain VBN 33589 487 22 the the DT 33589 487 23 necessary necessary JJ 33589 487 24 funds fund NNS 33589 487 25 , , , 33589 487 26 would would MD 33589 487 27 have have VB 33589 487 28 added add VBN 33589 487 29 a a DT 33589 487 30 long long JJ 33589 487 31 pronaos pronaos NN 33589 487 32 or or CC 33589 487 33 corridor corridor NN 33589 487 34 of of IN 33589 487 35 approach approach NN 33589 487 36 , , , 33589 487 37 to to TO 33589 487 38 be be VB 33589 487 39 entered enter VBN 33589 487 40 from from IN 33589 487 41 a a DT 33589 487 42 domed domed JJ 33589 487 43 porch porch NN 33589 487 44 at at IN 33589 487 45 the the DT 33589 487 46 western western JJ 33589 487 47 end end NN 33589 487 48 . . . 33589 488 1 In in IN 33589 488 2 his -PRON- PRP$ 33589 488 3 model model NN 33589 488 4 the the DT 33589 488 5 interior interior NN 33589 488 6 of of IN 33589 488 7 the the DT 33589 488 8 central central JJ 33589 488 9 portion portion NN 33589 488 10 of of IN 33589 488 11 the the DT 33589 488 12 cathedral cathedral NN 33589 488 13 , , , 33589 488 14 with with IN 33589 488 15 the the DT 33589 488 16 notable notable JJ 33589 488 17 exception exception NN 33589 488 18 of of IN 33589 488 19 the the DT 33589 488 20 dome dome NN 33589 488 21 , , , 33589 488 22 appears appear VBZ 33589 488 23 much much RB 33589 488 24 as as IN 33589 488 25 it -PRON- PRP 33589 488 26 does do VBZ 33589 488 27 now now RB 33589 488 28 , , , 33589 488 29 so so IN 33589 488 30 that that IN 33589 488 31 with with IN 33589 488 32 its -PRON- PRP$ 33589 488 33 aid aid NN 33589 488 34 a a DT 33589 488 35 good good JJ 33589 488 36 idea idea NN 33589 488 37 can can MD 33589 488 38 be be VB 33589 488 39 obtained obtain VBN 33589 488 40 of of IN 33589 488 41 the the DT 33589 488 42 state state NN 33589 488 43 of of IN 33589 488 44 the the DT 33589 488 45 building building NN 33589 488 46 when when WRB 33589 488 47 , , , 33589 488 48 in in IN 33589 488 49 1546 1546 CD 33589 488 50 , , , 33589 488 51 Michael Michael NNP 33589 488 52 Angelo Angelo NNP 33589 488 53 was be VBD 33589 488 54 appointed appoint VBN 33589 488 55 architect architect NN 33589 488 56 in in IN 33589 488 57 chief chief NN 33589 488 58 , , , 33589 488 59 and and CC 33589 488 60 set set VBD 33589 488 61 the the DT 33589 488 62 seal seal NN 33589 488 63 of of IN 33589 488 64 his -PRON- PRP$ 33589 488 65 genius genius NN 33589 488 66 upon upon IN 33589 488 67 a a DT 33589 488 68 complex complex JJ 33589 488 69 creation creation NN 33589 488 70 which which WDT 33589 488 71 was be VBD 33589 488 72 already already RB 33589 488 73 a a DT 33589 488 74 reflection reflection NN 33589 488 75 of of IN 33589 488 76 the the DT 33589 488 77 highest high JJS 33589 488 78 constructive constructive JJ 33589 488 79 and and CC 33589 488 80 æsthetic æsthetic JJ 33589 488 81 achievement achievement NN 33589 488 82 of of IN 33589 488 83 the the DT 33589 488 84 golden golden JJ 33589 488 85 age age NN 33589 488 86 of of IN 33589 488 87 Italian italian JJ 33589 488 88 architecture architecture NN 33589 488 89 . . . 33589 489 1 Reverencing reverence VBG 33589 489 2 the the DT 33589 489 3 noble noble JJ 33589 489 4 design design NN 33589 489 5 of of IN 33589 489 6 Bramante Bramante NNP 33589 489 7 , , , 33589 489 8 Michael Michael NNP 33589 489 9 Angelo Angelo NNP 33589 489 10 left leave VBD 33589 489 11 the the DT 33589 489 12 interior interior NN 33589 489 13 , , , 33589 489 14 of of IN 33589 489 15 which which WDT 33589 489 16 the the DT 33589 489 17 symmetry symmetry NN 33589 489 18 of of IN 33589 489 19 plan plan NN 33589 489 20 and and CC 33589 489 21 beauty beauty NN 33589 489 22 of of IN 33589 489 23 the the DT 33589 489 24 many many JJ 33589 489 25 pilasters pilaster NNS 33589 489 26 with with IN 33589 489 27 their -PRON- PRP$ 33589 489 28 Corinthian corinthian JJ 33589 489 29 capitals capital NNS 33589 489 30 are be VBP 33589 489 31 notable notable JJ 33589 489 32 characteristics characteristic NNS 33589 489 33 , , , 33589 489 34 much much RB 33589 489 35 as as IN 33589 489 36 he -PRON- PRP 33589 489 37 found find VBD 33589 489 38 it -PRON- PRP 33589 489 39 , , , 33589 489 40 but but CC 33589 489 41 though though IN 33589 489 42 he -PRON- PRP 33589 489 43 introduced introduce VBD 33589 489 44 on on IN 33589 489 45 the the DT 33589 489 46 exterior exterior JJ 33589 489 47 Corinthian corinthian JJ 33589 489 48 pilasters pilaster NNS 33589 489 49 resembling resemble VBG 33589 489 50 those those DT 33589 489 51 of of IN 33589 489 52 the the DT 33589 489 53 interior interior NN 33589 489 54 , , , 33589 489 55 he -PRON- PRP 33589 489 56 greatly greatly RB 33589 489 57 modified modify VBD 33589 489 58 the the DT 33589 489 59 general general JJ 33589 489 60 aspect aspect NN 33589 489 61 of of IN 33589 489 62 the the DT 33589 489 63 former former JJ 33589 489 64 by by IN 33589 489 65 the the DT 33589 489 66 removal removal NN 33589 489 67 of of IN 33589 489 68 the the DT 33589 489 69 projecting projecting NN 33589 489 70 chapels chapel NNS 33589 489 71 and and CC 33589 489 72 the the DT 33589 489 73 aisles aisle NNS 33589 489 74 round round VBP 33589 489 75 the the DT 33589 489 76 apses apse NNS 33589 489 77 . . . 33589 490 1 It -PRON- PRP 33589 490 2 was be VBD 33589 490 3 in in IN 33589 490 4 his -PRON- PRP$ 33589 490 5 design design NN 33589 490 6 for for IN 33589 490 7 the the DT 33589 490 8 dome dome NN 33589 490 9 that that WDT 33589 490 10 Michael Michael NNP 33589 490 11 Angelo Angelo NNP 33589 490 12 achieved achieve VBD 33589 490 13 his -PRON- PRP$ 33589 490 14 greatest great JJS 33589 490 15 architectural architectural JJ 33589 490 16 triumph triumph NN 33589 490 17 , , , 33589 490 18 for for IN 33589 490 19 without without IN 33589 490 20 tampering tamper VBG 33589 490 21 at at RB 33589 490 22 all all RB 33589 490 23 with with IN 33589 490 24 what what WP 33589 490 25 had have VBD 33589 490 26 already already RB 33589 490 27 been be VBN 33589 490 28 done do VBN 33589 490 29 by by IN 33589 490 30 Bramante Bramante NNP 33589 490 31 , , , 33589 490 32 he -PRON- PRP 33589 490 33 set set VBD 33589 490 34 upon upon IN 33589 490 35 the the DT 33589 490 36 cylindrical cylindrical JJ 33589 490 37 drum drum NN 33589 490 38 that that WDT 33589 490 39 artist artist NN 33589 490 40 had have VBD 33589 490 41 intended intend VBN 33589 490 42 to to TO 33589 490 43 uphold uphold VB 33589 490 44 a a DT 33589 490 45 dome dome NN 33589 490 46 , , , 33589 490 47 which which WDT 33589 490 48 was be VBD 33589 490 49 to to TO 33589 490 50 be be VB 33589 490 51 a a DT 33589 490 52 mere mere JJ 33589 490 53 reproduction reproduction NN 33589 490 54 of of IN 33589 490 55 that that DT 33589 490 56 of of IN 33589 490 57 the the DT 33589 490 58 Pantheon Pantheon NNP 33589 490 59 , , , 33589 490 60 a a DT 33589 490 61 magnificent magnificent JJ 33589 490 62 structure structure NN 33589 490 63 of of IN 33589 490 64 original original JJ 33589 490 65 design design NN 33589 490 66 which which WDT 33589 490 67 dominates dominate VBZ 33589 490 68 the the DT 33589 490 69 capital capital NN 33589 490 70 , , , 33589 490 71 producing produce VBG 33589 490 72 an an DT 33589 490 73 absolutely absolutely RB 33589 490 74 unrivalled unrivalled JJ 33589 490 75 impression impression NN 33589 490 76 of of IN 33589 490 77 combined combine VBN 33589 490 78 strength strength NN 33589 490 79 , , , 33589 490 80 vastness vastness NN 33589 490 81 , , , 33589 490 82 and and CC 33589 490 83 symmetry symmetry NNP 33589 490 84 , , , 33589 490 85 the the DT 33589 490 86 eye eye NN 33589 490 87 being be VBG 33589 490 88 irresistibly irresistibly RB 33589 490 89 led lead VBN 33589 490 90 up up RP 33589 490 91 from from IN 33589 490 92 drum drum NNP 33589 490 93 to to IN 33589 490 94 dome dome VB 33589 490 95 and and CC 33589 490 96 from from IN 33589 490 97 dome dome NN 33589 490 98 to to TO 33589 490 99 lantern lantern VB 33589 490 100 . . . 33589 491 1 From from IN 33589 491 2 within within IN 33589 491 3 the the DT 33589 491 4 cathedral cathedral NN 33589 491 5 the the DT 33589 491 6 effect effect NN 33589 491 7 is be VBZ 33589 491 8 scarcely scarcely RB 33589 491 9 less less RBR 33589 491 10 grand grand JJ 33589 491 11 , , , 33589 491 12 a a DT 33589 491 13 wonderful wonderful JJ 33589 491 14 sense sense NN 33589 491 15 of of IN 33589 491 16 space space NN 33589 491 17 being be VBG 33589 491 18 conveyed convey VBN 33589 491 19 by by IN 33589 491 20 the the DT 33589 491 21 soaring soar VBG 33589 491 22 vault vault NN 33589 491 23 , , , 33589 491 24 that that DT 33589 491 25 seems seem VBZ 33589 491 26 to to TO 33589 491 27 spring spring VB 33589 491 28 heavenwards heavenward NNS 33589 491 29 of of IN 33589 491 30 its -PRON- PRP$ 33589 491 31 own own JJ 33589 491 32 volition volition NN 33589 491 33 . . . 33589 492 1 Michael Michael NNP 33589 492 2 Angelo Angelo NNP 33589 492 3 died die VBD 33589 492 4 before before IN 33589 492 5 his -PRON- PRP$ 33589 492 6 masterpiece masterpiece NN 33589 492 7 was be VBD 33589 492 8 completed complete VBN 33589 492 9 , , , 33589 492 10 but but CC 33589 492 11 so so RB 33589 492 12 far far RB 33589 492 13 as as IN 33589 492 14 the the DT 33589 492 15 dome dome NN 33589 492 16 was be VBD 33589 492 17 concerned concern VBN 33589 492 18 his -PRON- PRP$ 33589 492 19 design design NN 33589 492 20 was be VBD 33589 492 21 carried carry VBN 33589 492 22 out out RP 33589 492 23 , , , 33589 492 24 with with IN 33589 492 25 certain certain JJ 33589 492 26 slight slight JJ 33589 492 27 modifications modification NNS 33589 492 28 , , , 33589 492 29 by by IN 33589 492 30 Giacomo Giacomo NNP 33589 492 31 della della NN 33589 492 32 Porta Porta NNP 33589 492 33 and and CC 33589 492 34 Domenico Domenico NNP 33589 492 35 Fontana Fontana NNP 33589 492 36 . . . 33589 493 1 Unfortunately unfortunately RB 33589 493 2 , , , 33589 493 3 however however RB 33589 493 4 , , , 33589 493 5 the the DT 33589 493 6 rest rest NN 33589 493 7 of of IN 33589 493 8 the the DT 33589 493 9 great great JJ 33589 493 10 architect architect NN 33589 493 11 's 's POS 33589 493 12 scheme scheme NN 33589 493 13 was be VBD 33589 493 14 departed depart VBN 33589 493 15 from from IN 33589 493 16 and and CC 33589 493 17 its -PRON- PRP$ 33589 493 18 effectiveness effectiveness NN 33589 493 19 destroyed destroy VBN 33589 493 20 by by IN 33589 493 21 additions addition NNS 33589 493 22 which which WDT 33589 493 23 he -PRON- PRP 33589 493 24 would would MD 33589 493 25 most most RBS 33589 493 26 certainly certainly RB 33589 493 27 have have VB 33589 493 28 condemned condemn VBN 33589 493 29 . . . 33589 494 1 At at IN 33589 494 2 the the DT 33589 494 3 suggestion suggestion NN 33589 494 4 of of IN 33589 494 5 Pope Pope NNP 33589 494 6 Pius Pius NNP 33589 494 7 IV IV NNP 33589 494 8 the the DT 33589 494 9 façade façade NN 33589 494 10 built build VBN 33589 494 11 under under IN 33589 494 12 Michael Michael NNP 33589 494 13 Angelo Angelo NNP 33589 494 14 was be VBD 33589 494 15 pulled pull VBN 33589 494 16 down down RP 33589 494 17 and and CC 33589 494 18 replaced replace VBN 33589 494 19 by by IN 33589 494 20 Maderno Maderno NNP 33589 494 21 with with IN 33589 494 22 that that DT 33589 494 23 still still RB 33589 494 24 _ _ NNP 33589 494 25 in in IN 33589 494 26 situ situ NN 33589 494 27 _ _ NNP 33589 494 28 , , , 33589 494 29 whilst whilst IN 33589 494 30 the the DT 33589 494 31 nave nave NN 33589 494 32 was be VBD 33589 494 33 lengthened lengthen VBN 33589 494 34 out out IN 33589 494 35 of of IN 33589 494 36 all all DT 33589 494 37 proportion proportion NN 33589 494 38 to to IN 33589 494 39 the the DT 33589 494 40 rest rest NN 33589 494 41 of of IN 33589 494 42 the the DT 33589 494 43 building building NN 33589 494 44 . . . 33589 495 1 In in IN 33589 495 2 spite spite NN 33589 495 3 of of IN 33589 495 4 this this DT 33589 495 5 lamentable lamentable JJ 33589 495 6 mistake mistake NN 33589 495 7 , , , 33589 495 8 the the DT 33589 495 9 general general JJ 33589 495 10 effect effect NN 33589 495 11 of of IN 33589 495 12 the the DT 33589 495 13 interior interior NNP 33589 495 14 is be VBZ 33589 495 15 remarkably remarkably RB 33589 495 16 fine fine JJ 33589 495 17 , , , 33589 495 18 and and CC 33589 495 19 is be VBZ 33589 495 20 greatly greatly RB 33589 495 21 enhanced enhance VBN 33589 495 22 by by IN 33589 495 23 the the DT 33589 495 24 rich rich JJ 33589 495 25 colouring colouring NN 33589 495 26 of of IN 33589 495 27 the the DT 33589 495 28 lavish lavish JJ 33589 495 29 decoration decoration NN 33589 495 30 of of IN 33589 495 31 every every DT 33589 495 32 portion portion NN 33589 495 33 , , , 33589 495 34 the the DT 33589 495 35 massive massive JJ 33589 495 36 piers pier NNS 33589 495 37 and and CC 33589 495 38 vast vast JJ 33589 495 39 arches arch NNS 33589 495 40 spanning span VBG 33589 495 41 them -PRON- PRP 33589 495 42 , , , 33589 495 43 and and CC 33589 495 44 the the DT 33589 495 45 vaulted vault VBN 33589 495 46 coffered coffere VBN 33589 495 47 ceilings ceiling NNS 33589 495 48 , , , 33589 495 49 all all DT 33589 495 50 harmonising harmonise VBG 33589 495 51 with with IN 33589 495 52 and and CC 33589 495 53 supplementing supplement VBG 33589 495 54 each each DT 33589 495 55 other other JJ 33589 495 56 . . . 33589 496 1 Moreover moreover RB 33589 496 2 , , , 33589 496 3 the the DT 33589 496 4 unhappy unhappy JJ 33589 496 5 result result NN 33589 496 6 of of IN 33589 496 7 the the DT 33589 496 8 substitution substitution NN 33589 496 9 of of IN 33589 496 10 Maderno Maderno NNP 33589 496 11 's 's POS 33589 496 12 for for IN 33589 496 13 Michael Michael NNP 33589 496 14 Angelo Angelo NNP 33589 496 15 's 's POS 33589 496 16 façade façade NN 33589 496 17 was be VBD 33589 496 18 to to IN 33589 496 19 some some DT 33589 496 20 extent extent NN 33589 496 21 neutralised neutralise VBN 33589 496 22 in in IN 33589 496 23 1666 1666 CD 33589 496 24 by by IN 33589 496 25 the the DT 33589 496 26 erection erection NN 33589 496 27 under under IN 33589 496 28 Bernini Bernini NNP 33589 496 29 of of IN 33589 496 30 the the DT 33589 496 31 lofty lofty JJ 33589 496 32 colonnade colonnade NN 33589 496 33 encircling encircle VBG 33589 496 34 the the DT 33589 496 35 piazza piazza NN 33589 496 36 of of IN 33589 496 37 S. S. NNP 33589 496 38 Peter Peter NNP 33589 496 39 in in IN 33589 496 40 the the DT 33589 496 41 simple simple JJ 33589 496 42 and and CC 33589 496 43 dignified dignified JJ 33589 496 44 Doric doric JJ 33589 496 45 style style NN 33589 496 46 , , , 33589 496 47 that that WDT 33589 496 48 forms form VBZ 33589 496 49 an an DT 33589 496 50 appropriate appropriate JJ 33589 496 51 approach approach NN 33589 496 52 to to IN 33589 496 53 the the DT 33589 496 54 cathedral cathedral NN 33589 496 55 . . . 33589 497 1 In in IN 33589 497 2 the the DT 33589 497 3 Renaissance Renaissance NNP 33589 497 4 palaces palace NNS 33589 497 5 of of IN 33589 497 6 Rome Rome NNP 33589 497 7 classic classic JJ 33589 497 8 details detail NNS 33589 497 9 were be VBD 33589 497 10 more more RBR 33589 497 11 closely closely RB 33589 497 12 copied copied JJ 33589 497 13 than than IN 33589 497 14 in in IN 33589 497 15 Florence Florence NNP 33589 497 16 , , , 33589 497 17 pilasters pilaster NNS 33589 497 18 and and CC 33589 497 19 arcades arcade NNS 33589 497 20 forming form VBG 33589 497 21 , , , 33589 497 22 in in IN 33589 497 23 almost almost RB 33589 497 24 every every DT 33589 497 25 case case NN 33589 497 26 , , , 33589 497 27 the the DT 33589 497 28 chief chief JJ 33589 497 29 decorations decoration NNS 33589 497 30 of of IN 33589 497 31 the the DT 33589 497 32 exteriors exterior NNS 33589 497 33 . . . 33589 498 1 Notable notable JJ 33589 498 2 examples example NNS 33589 498 3 are be VBP 33589 498 4 the the DT 33589 498 5 so so RB 33589 498 6 - - HYPH 33589 498 7 called call VBN 33589 498 8 Venetian Venetian NNP 33589 498 9 Palaces Palaces NNP 33589 498 10 , , , 33589 498 11 the the DT 33589 498 12 Cancellaria Cancellaria NNP 33589 498 13 designed design VBN 33589 498 14 by by IN 33589 498 15 Bramante Bramante NNP 33589 498 16 , , , 33589 498 17 the the DT 33589 498 18 Sacchetti Sacchetti NNPS 33589 498 19 by by IN 33589 498 20 Antonio Antonio NNP 33589 498 21 San San NNP 33589 498 22 Gallo Gallo NNP 33589 498 23 , , , 33589 498 24 and and CC 33589 498 25 , , , 33589 498 26 above above IN 33589 498 27 all all DT 33589 498 28 , , , 33589 498 29 the the DT 33589 498 30 Farnese Farnese NNPS 33589 498 31 , , , 33589 498 32 the the DT 33589 498 33 grandest grand JJS 33589 498 34 in in IN 33589 498 35 the the DT 33589 498 36 capital capital NN 33589 498 37 , , , 33589 498 38 begun begin VBN 33589 498 39 by by IN 33589 498 40 San San NNP 33589 498 41 Gallo Gallo NNP 33589 498 42 and and CC 33589 498 43 completed complete VBN 33589 498 44 by by IN 33589 498 45 Michael Michael NNP 33589 498 46 Angelo Angelo NNP 33589 498 47 , , , 33589 498 48 with with IN 33589 498 49 portions portion NNS 33589 498 50 of of IN 33589 498 51 the the DT 33589 498 52 Vatican Vatican NNP 33589 498 53 , , , 33589 498 54 including include VBG 33589 498 55 the the DT 33589 498 56 Hall Hall NNP 33589 498 57 of of IN 33589 498 58 the the DT 33589 498 59 Belvedere Belvedere NNP 33589 498 60 , , , 33589 498 61 designed design VBN 33589 498 62 by by IN 33589 498 63 Bramante Bramante NNP 33589 498 64 . . . 33589 499 1 In in IN 33589 499 2 Venice Venice NNP 33589 499 3 , , , 33589 499 4 where where WRB 33589 499 5 the the DT 33589 499 6 Renaissance Renaissance NNP 33589 499 7 style style NN 33589 499 8 was be VBD 33589 499 9 necessarily necessarily RB 33589 499 10 modified modify VBN 33589 499 11 by by IN 33589 499 12 the the DT 33589 499 13 peculiar peculiar JJ 33589 499 14 conditions condition NNS 33589 499 15 of of IN 33589 499 16 the the DT 33589 499 17 lagoon lagoon JJ 33589 499 18 city city NN 33589 499 19 , , , 33589 499 20 good good JJ 33589 499 21 examples example NNS 33589 499 22 of of IN 33589 499 23 it -PRON- PRP 33589 499 24 are be VBP 33589 499 25 the the DT 33589 499 26 Churches Churches NNPS 33589 499 27 S. S. NNP 33589 499 28 Maria Maria NNP 33589 499 29 dei dei NNP 33589 499 30 Miracoli Miracoli NNP 33589 499 31 , , , 33589 499 32 S. S. NNP 33589 499 33 Zaccaria Zaccaria NNP 33589 499 34 , , , 33589 499 35 and and CC 33589 499 36 S. S. NNP 33589 499 37 Maria Maria NNP 33589 499 38 della della NN 33589 499 39 Salute Salute NNP 33589 499 40 , , , 33589 499 41 with with IN 33589 499 42 the the DT 33589 499 43 palaces palace NNS 33589 499 44 of of IN 33589 499 45 Vendramini Vendramini NNP 33589 499 46 , , , 33589 499 47 Calergo Calergo NNP 33589 499 48 , , , 33589 499 49 Trevisano Trevisano NNP 33589 499 50 , , , 33589 499 51 and and CC 33589 499 52 Cornaro Cornaro NNP 33589 499 53 , , , 33589 499 54 all all DT 33589 499 55 , , , 33589 499 56 however however RB 33589 499 57 , , , 33589 499 58 excelled excel VBN 33589 499 59 by by IN 33589 499 60 the the DT 33589 499 61 beautiful beautiful JJ 33589 499 62 Palazzo Palazzo NNP 33589 499 63 Grimani Grimani NNP 33589 499 64 designed design VBN 33589 499 65 by by IN 33589 499 66 San San NNP 33589 499 67 Michele Michele NNP 33589 499 68 and and CC 33589 499 69 the the DT 33589 499 70 Library Library NNP 33589 499 71 of of IN 33589 499 72 S. S. NNP 33589 499 73 Mark Mark NNP 33589 499 74 of of IN 33589 499 75 Sansovino Sansovino NNP 33589 499 76 . . . 33589 500 1 At at IN 33589 500 2 Vicenza Vicenza NNP 33589 500 3 the the DT 33589 500 4 famous famous JJ 33589 500 5 architect architect NN 33589 500 6 Palladio Palladio NNP 33589 500 7 erected erect VBD 33589 500 8 many many JJ 33589 500 9 noble noble JJ 33589 500 10 Renaissance Renaissance NNP 33589 500 11 churches church NNS 33589 500 12 , , , 33589 500 13 including include VBG 33589 500 14 the the DT 33589 500 15 Redentore Redentore NNP 33589 500 16 , , , 33589 500 17 enclosed enclose VBD 33589 500 18 the the DT 33589 500 19 ancient ancient JJ 33589 500 20 Basilica Basilica NNP 33589 500 21 in in IN 33589 500 22 grand grand JJ 33589 500 23 classic classic JJ 33589 500 24 arcades arcade NNS 33589 500 25 , , , 33589 500 26 and and CC 33589 500 27 designed design VBD 33589 500 28 a a DT 33589 500 29 great great JJ 33589 500 30 number number NN 33589 500 31 of of IN 33589 500 32 fine fine JJ 33589 500 33 palaces palace NNS 33589 500 34 . . . 33589 501 1 In in IN 33589 501 2 Milan Milan NNP 33589 501 3 the the DT 33589 501 4 finest fine JJS 33589 501 5 Renaissance Renaissance NNP 33589 501 6 structures structure NNS 33589 501 7 are be VBP 33589 501 8 the the DT 33589 501 9 sacristy sacristy NN 33589 501 10 of of IN 33589 501 11 S. S. NNP 33589 501 12 Maria Maria NNP 33589 501 13 Presso Presso NNP 33589 501 14 S. S. NNP 33589 501 15 Sabino Sabino NNP 33589 501 16 , , , 33589 501 17 the the DT 33589 501 18 apse apse NN 33589 501 19 of of IN 33589 501 20 S. S. NNP 33589 501 21 Maria Maria NNP 33589 501 22 della della NN 33589 501 23 Grazie Grazie NNP 33589 501 24 and and CC 33589 501 25 the the DT 33589 501 26 arcaded arcade VBN 33589 501 27 court court NN 33589 501 28 of of IN 33589 501 29 the the DT 33589 501 30 great great JJ 33589 501 31 Hospital Hospital NNP 33589 501 32 , , , 33589 501 33 all all DT 33589 501 34 designed design VBN 33589 501 35 by by IN 33589 501 36 Bramante Bramante NNP 33589 501 37 . . . 33589 502 1 Near near IN 33589 502 2 Pavia Pavia NNP 33589 502 3 is be VBZ 33589 502 4 the the DT 33589 502 5 fine fine JJ 33589 502 6 Certosa Certosa NNP 33589 502 7 , , , 33589 502 8 the the DT 33589 502 9 façade façade NN 33589 502 10 of of IN 33589 502 11 which which WDT 33589 502 12 is be VBZ 33589 502 13 the the DT 33589 502 14 work work NN 33589 502 15 of of IN 33589 502 16 Ambrogio Ambrogio NNP 33589 502 17 Borgognoni Borgognoni NNP 33589 502 18 ; ; : 33589 502 19 Genoa Genoa NNP 33589 502 20 is be VBZ 33589 502 21 rich rich JJ 33589 502 22 in in IN 33589 502 23 effective effective JJ 33589 502 24 groups group NNS 33589 502 25 of of IN 33589 502 26 Renaissance Renaissance NNP 33589 502 27 palaces palace NNS 33589 502 28 after after IN 33589 502 29 the the DT 33589 502 30 designs design NNS 33589 502 31 of of IN 33589 502 32 Alessio Alessio NNP 33589 502 33 , , , 33589 502 34 and and CC 33589 502 35 owns own VBZ 33589 502 36 a a DT 33589 502 37 late late JJ 33589 502 38 Renaissance Renaissance NNP 33589 502 39 church church NN 33589 502 40 ascribed ascribe VBN 33589 502 41 to to IN 33589 502 42 Puget Puget NNP 33589 502 43 , , , 33589 502 44 and and CC 33589 502 45 at at IN 33589 502 46 Verona Verona NNP 33589 502 47 is be VBZ 33589 502 48 the the DT 33589 502 49 typical typical JJ 33589 502 50 Palazzo Palazzo NNP 33589 502 51 del del NNP 33589 502 52 Conseglio Conseglio NNP 33589 502 53 , , , 33589 502 54 built build VBN 33589 502 55 by by IN 33589 502 56 Fra Fra NNP 33589 502 57 Giocondo Giocondo NNP 33589 502 58 . . . 33589 503 1 It -PRON- PRP 33589 503 2 was be VBD 33589 503 3 not not RB 33589 503 4 until until IN 33589 503 5 the the DT 33589 503 6 beginning beginning NN 33589 503 7 of of IN 33589 503 8 the the DT 33589 503 9 16th 16th JJ 33589 503 10 century century NN 33589 503 11 that that WDT 33589 503 12 the the DT 33589 503 13 Renaissance Renaissance NNP 33589 503 14 style style NN 33589 503 15 gained gain VBD 33589 503 16 a a DT 33589 503 17 footing footing NN 33589 503 18 in in IN 33589 503 19 France France NNP 33589 503 20 , , , 33589 503 21 and and CC 33589 503 22 even even RB 33589 503 23 for for IN 33589 503 24 some some DT 33589 503 25 time time NN 33589 503 26 after after IN 33589 503 27 that that DT 33589 503 28 French french JJ 33589 503 29 architects architect NNS 33589 503 30 , , , 33589 503 31 whilst whilst IN 33589 503 32 adopting adopt VBG 33589 503 33 its -PRON- PRP$ 33589 503 34 main main JJ 33589 503 35 features feature NNS 33589 503 36 , , , 33589 503 37 clung clung JJ 33589 503 38 to to IN 33589 503 39 certain certain JJ 33589 503 40 characteristic characteristic JJ 33589 503 41 Gothic gothic JJ 33589 503 42 details detail NNS 33589 503 43 . . . 33589 504 1 This this DT 33589 504 2 is be VBZ 33589 504 3 very very RB 33589 504 4 notably notably RB 33589 504 5 the the DT 33589 504 6 case case NN 33589 504 7 in in IN 33589 504 8 some some DT 33589 504 9 of of IN 33589 504 10 the the DT 33589 504 11 royal royal JJ 33589 504 12 chateaux chateaux NN 33589 504 13 on on IN 33589 504 14 the the DT 33589 504 15 Loire Loire NNP 33589 504 16 , , , 33589 504 17 justly justly RB 33589 504 18 considered consider VBD 33589 504 19 the the DT 33589 504 20 finest fine JJS 33589 504 21 secular secular JJ 33589 504 22 Renaissance Renaissance NNP 33589 504 23 buildings building NNS 33589 504 24 in in IN 33589 504 25 the the DT 33589 504 26 country country NN 33589 504 27 , , , 33589 504 28 especially especially RB 33589 504 29 in in IN 33589 504 30 that that DT 33589 504 31 of of IN 33589 504 32 Chambord Chambord NNP 33589 504 33 , , , 33589 504 34 which which WDT 33589 504 35 , , , 33589 504 36 with with IN 33589 504 37 a a DT 33589 504 38 typical typical JJ 33589 504 39 Renaissance Renaissance NNP 33589 504 40 façade façade NN 33589 504 41 , , , 33589 504 42 has have VBZ 33589 504 43 a a DT 33589 504 44 highly highly RB 33589 504 45 pitched pitch VBN 33589 504 46 roof roof NN 33589 504 47 with with IN 33589 504 48 soaring soar VBG 33589 504 49 pinnacles pinnacle NNS 33589 504 50 and and CC 33589 504 51 pointed point VBN 33589 504 52 - - HYPH 33589 504 53 headed head VBN 33589 504 54 dormer dormer NN 33589 504 55 windows window NNS 33589 504 56 . . . 33589 505 1 Other other JJ 33589 505 2 fine fine JJ 33589 505 3 Early early JJ 33589 505 4 Renaissance Renaissance NNP 33589 505 5 French french JJ 33589 505 6 buildings building NNS 33589 505 7 are be VBP 33589 505 8 the the DT 33589 505 9 wing wing NN 33589 505 10 added add VBN 33589 505 11 by by IN 33589 505 12 Frances france NNS 33589 505 13 I -PRON- PRP 33589 505 14 to to IN 33589 505 15 the the DT 33589 505 16 old old JJ 33589 505 17 castle castle NN 33589 505 18 of of IN 33589 505 19 Blois Blois NNP 33589 505 20 , , , 33589 505 21 famous famous JJ 33589 505 22 for for IN 33589 505 23 its -PRON- PRP$ 33589 505 24 beautiful beautiful JJ 33589 505 25 external external JJ 33589 505 26 spiral spiral JJ 33589 505 27 staircase staircase NN 33589 505 28 , , , 33589 505 29 the the DT 33589 505 30 chateaux chateaux NN 33589 505 31 of of IN 33589 505 32 Chenonceaux Chenonceaux NNP 33589 505 33 , , , 33589 505 34 Chateaudun Chateaudun NNP 33589 505 35 , , , 33589 505 36 and and CC 33589 505 37 Azay Azay NNP 33589 505 38 - - HYPH 33589 505 39 le le NNP 33589 505 40 - - HYPH 33589 505 41 Rideau Rideau NNP 33589 505 42 , , , 33589 505 43 the the DT 33589 505 44 Hôtel Hôtel NNP 33589 505 45 de de IN 33589 505 46 Ville Ville NNP 33589 505 47 at at IN 33589 505 48 Beaugency Beaugency NNP 33589 505 49 , , , 33589 505 50 the the DT 33589 505 51 Church Church NNP 33589 505 52 of of IN 33589 505 53 S. S. NNP 33589 505 54 Eustache Eustache NNP 33589 505 55 , , , 33589 505 56 the the DT 33589 505 57 Hôtel Hôtel NNP 33589 505 58 des des FW 33589 505 59 Invalides Invalides NNP 33589 505 60 , , , 33589 505 61 the the DT 33589 505 62 western western JJ 33589 505 63 portion portion NN 33589 505 64 of of IN 33589 505 65 the the DT 33589 505 66 Louvre Louvre NNP 33589 505 67 , , , 33589 505 68 and and CC 33589 505 69 the the DT 33589 505 70 Luxembourg Luxembourg NNP 33589 505 71 , , , 33589 505 72 all all DT 33589 505 73 in in IN 33589 505 74 Paris Paris NNP 33589 505 75 . . . 33589 506 1 To to IN 33589 506 2 the the DT 33589 506 3 latest late JJS 33589 506 4 phase phase NN 33589 506 5 of of IN 33589 506 6 what what WP 33589 506 7 eventually eventually RB 33589 506 8 became become VBD 33589 506 9 almost almost RB 33589 506 10 a a DT 33589 506 11 national national JJ 33589 506 12 style style NN 33589 506 13 , , , 33589 506 14 belong belong VBP 33589 506 15 the the DT 33589 506 16 Pantheon Pantheon NNP 33589 506 17 , , , 33589 506 18 the the DT 33589 506 19 Palais Palais NNP 33589 506 20 Royal Royal NNP 33589 506 21 , , , 33589 506 22 the the DT 33589 506 23 College College NNP 33589 506 24 and and CC 33589 506 25 Church Church NNP 33589 506 26 of of IN 33589 506 27 the the DT 33589 506 28 Sorbonne Sorbonne NNP 33589 506 29 , , , 33589 506 30 all all DT 33589 506 31 in in IN 33589 506 32 Paris Paris NNP 33589 506 33 ; ; : 33589 506 34 the the DT 33589 506 35 relics relic NNS 33589 506 36 of of IN 33589 506 37 the the DT 33589 506 38 noble noble JJ 33589 506 39 Chateau Chateau NNP 33589 506 40 built build VBD 33589 506 41 for for IN 33589 506 42 Richelieu Richelieu NNP 33589 506 43 on on IN 33589 506 44 the the DT 33589 506 45 site site NN 33589 506 46 of of IN 33589 506 47 the the DT 33589 506 48 great great JJ 33589 506 49 minister minister NNP 33589 506 50 's 's POS 33589 506 51 native native JJ 33589 506 52 village village NN 33589 506 53 by by IN 33589 506 54 Lemercier Lemercier NNP 33589 506 55 , , , 33589 506 56 the the DT 33589 506 57 Chateau Chateau NNP 33589 506 58 of of IN 33589 506 59 Ballery Ballery NNP 33589 506 60 in in IN 33589 506 61 Normandy Normandy NNP 33589 506 62 , , , 33589 506 63 the the DT 33589 506 64 additions addition NNS 33589 506 65 to to IN 33589 506 66 the the DT 33589 506 67 castle castle NN 33589 506 68 of of IN 33589 506 69 Blois Blois NNP 33589 506 70 , , , 33589 506 71 the the DT 33589 506 72 Chateau Chateau NNP 33589 506 73 des des NNP 33589 506 74 Maisons Maisons NNPS 33589 506 75 near near RB 33589 506 76 , , , 33589 506 77 and and CC 33589 506 78 the the DT 33589 506 79 Church Church NNP 33589 506 80 of of IN 33589 506 81 Val Val NNP 33589 506 82 de de NNP 33589 506 83 Grace Grace NNP 33589 506 84 in in IN 33589 506 85 Paris Paris NNP 33589 506 86 , , , 33589 506 87 all all RB 33589 506 88 by by IN 33589 506 89 François François NNP 33589 506 90 Mansard Mansard NNP 33589 506 91 , , , 33589 506 92 whose whose WP$ 33589 506 93 name name NN 33589 506 94 is be VBZ 33589 506 95 associated associate VBN 33589 506 96 with with IN 33589 506 97 a a DT 33589 506 98 picturesque picturesque NN 33589 506 99 form form NN 33589 506 100 of of IN 33589 506 101 roof roof NN 33589 506 102 invented invent VBN 33589 506 103 by by IN 33589 506 104 him -PRON- PRP 33589 506 105 . . . 33589 507 1 In in IN 33589 507 2 the the DT 33589 507 3 chateau chateau NN 33589 507 4 of of IN 33589 507 5 Versailles Versailles NNP 33589 507 6 , , , 33589 507 7 designed design VBN 33589 507 8 by by IN 33589 507 9 Jules Jules NNP 33589 507 10 Mansard Mansard NNP 33589 507 11 , , , 33589 507 12 a a DT 33589 507 13 distant distant JJ 33589 507 14 connection connection NN 33589 507 15 of of IN 33589 507 16 the the DT 33589 507 17 greater great JJR 33589 507 18 François François NNP 33589 507 19 , , , 33589 507 20 the the DT 33589 507 21 first first JJ 33589 507 22 note note NN 33589 507 23 of of IN 33589 507 24 the the DT 33589 507 25 decadence decadence NN 33589 507 26 of of IN 33589 507 27 the the DT 33589 507 28 Renaissance Renaissance NNP 33589 507 29 style style NN 33589 507 30 was be VBD 33589 507 31 sounded sound VBN 33589 507 32 , , , 33589 507 33 for for IN 33589 507 34 well well RB 33589 507 35 - - HYPH 33589 507 36 built build VBN 33589 507 37 and and CC 33589 507 38 richly richly RB 33589 507 39 decorated decorate VBN 33589 507 40 though though IN 33589 507 41 it -PRON- PRP 33589 507 42 is be VBZ 33589 507 43 , , , 33589 507 44 the the DT 33589 507 45 huge huge JJ 33589 507 46 structure structure NN 33589 507 47 is be VBZ 33589 507 48 lacking lack VBG 33589 507 49 in in IN 33589 507 50 the the DT 33589 507 51 dignified dignified JJ 33589 507 52 grandeur grandeur NN 33589 507 53 , , , 33589 507 54 so so RB 33589 507 55 distinctive distinctive JJ 33589 507 56 of of IN 33589 507 57 the the DT 33589 507 58 buildings building NNS 33589 507 59 enumerated enumerate VBN 33589 507 60 above above RB 33589 507 61 . . . 33589 508 1 Although although IN 33589 508 2 it -PRON- PRP 33589 508 3 was be VBD 33589 508 4 in in IN 33589 508 5 Italy Italy NNP 33589 508 6 and and CC 33589 508 7 France France NNP 33589 508 8 that that IN 33589 508 9 European European NNP 33589 508 10 Renaissance Renaissance NNP 33589 508 11 architecture architecture NN 33589 508 12 achieved achieve VBD 33589 508 13 its -PRON- PRP$ 33589 508 14 greatest great JJS 33589 508 15 triumphs triumph NNS 33589 508 16 , , , 33589 508 17 some some DT 33589 508 18 few few JJ 33589 508 19 fine fine JJ 33589 508 20 examples example NNS 33589 508 21 of of IN 33589 508 22 it -PRON- PRP 33589 508 23 remain remain VBP 33589 508 24 in in IN 33589 508 25 other other JJ 33589 508 26 countries country NNS 33589 508 27 , , , 33589 508 28 including include VBG 33589 508 29 in in IN 33589 508 30 Spain Spain NNP 33589 508 31 the the DT 33589 508 32 great great JJ 33589 508 33 Monastery Monastery NNP 33589 508 34 and and CC 33589 508 35 Palace Palace NNP 33589 508 36 of of IN 33589 508 37 the the DT 33589 508 38 Escurial Escurial NNP 33589 508 39 near near IN 33589 508 40 Madrid Madrid NNP 33589 508 41 , , , 33589 508 42 the the DT 33589 508 43 central central JJ 33589 508 44 church church NN 33589 508 45 of of IN 33589 508 46 which which WDT 33589 508 47 is be VBZ 33589 508 48 especially especially RB 33589 508 49 fine fine JJ 33589 508 50 , , , 33589 508 51 the the DT 33589 508 52 Cathedrals Cathedrals NNPS 33589 508 53 of of IN 33589 508 54 Burgos Burgos NNP 33589 508 55 , , , 33589 508 56 Malaga Malaga NNP 33589 508 57 , , , 33589 508 58 and and CC 33589 508 59 Granada Granada NNP 33589 508 60 , , , 33589 508 61 the the DT 33589 508 62 town town NN 33589 508 63 halls hall NNS 33589 508 64 of of IN 33589 508 65 Saragossa Saragossa NNP 33589 508 66 and and CC 33589 508 67 Seville Seville NNP 33589 508 68 , , , 33589 508 69 and and CC 33589 508 70 portions portion NNS 33589 508 71 of of IN 33589 508 72 the the DT 33589 508 73 Alcazar Alcazar NNP 33589 508 74 of of IN 33589 508 75 Toledo Toledo NNP 33589 508 76 , , , 33589 508 77 the the DT 33589 508 78 convent convent NN 33589 508 79 of of IN 33589 508 80 Mafra Mafra NNP 33589 508 81 in in IN 33589 508 82 Portugal Portugal NNP 33589 508 83 , , , 33589 508 84 the the DT 33589 508 85 Town Town NNP 33589 508 86 Hall Hall NNP 33589 508 87 of of IN 33589 508 88 Antwerp Antwerp NNP 33589 508 89 , , , 33589 508 90 the the DT 33589 508 91 Council Council NNP 33589 508 92 Halls Halls NNPS 33589 508 93 of of IN 33589 508 94 Leipzig Leipzig NNP 33589 508 95 and and CC 33589 508 96 Rothenburg Rothenburg NNP 33589 508 97 , , , 33589 508 98 the the DT 33589 508 99 Cloth Cloth NNP 33589 508 100 Hall Hall NNP 33589 508 101 of of IN 33589 508 102 Brunswick Brunswick NNP 33589 508 103 , , , 33589 508 104 the the DT 33589 508 105 Castle Castle NNP 33589 508 106 of of IN 33589 508 107 Schallenburg Schallenburg NNP 33589 508 108 , , , 33589 508 109 and and CC 33589 508 110 the the DT 33589 508 111 Hall Hall NNP 33589 508 112 of of IN 33589 508 113 the the DT 33589 508 114 Belvedere Belvedere NNP 33589 508 115 at at IN 33589 508 116 Prague Prague NNP 33589 508 117 . . . 33589 509 1 It -PRON- PRP 33589 509 2 is be VBZ 33589 509 3 unnecessary unnecessary JJ 33589 509 4 to to TO 33589 509 5 refer refer VB 33589 509 6 in in IN 33589 509 7 detail detail NN 33589 509 8 to to IN 33589 509 9 the the DT 33589 509 10 many many JJ 33589 509 11 buildings building NNS 33589 509 12 in in IN 33589 509 13 Europe Europe NNP 33589 509 14 in in IN 33589 509 15 what what WP 33589 509 16 is be VBZ 33589 509 17 known know VBN 33589 509 18 as as IN 33589 509 19 the the DT 33589 509 20 Rococo Rococo NNP 33589 509 21 style style NN 33589 509 22 , , , 33589 509 23 of of IN 33589 509 24 which which WDT 33589 509 25 grotesque grotesque NN 33589 509 26 and and CC 33589 509 27 meaningless meaningless JJ 33589 509 28 ornamentation ornamentation NN 33589 509 29 is be VBZ 33589 509 30 the the DT 33589 509 31 chief chief JJ 33589 509 32 characteristic characteristic NN 33589 509 33 , , , 33589 509 34 but but CC 33589 509 35 it -PRON- PRP 33589 509 36 must must MD 33589 509 37 be be VB 33589 509 38 added add VBN 33589 509 39 that that IN 33589 509 40 in in IN 33589 509 41 the the DT 33589 509 42 early early JJ 33589 509 43 19th 19th JJ 33589 509 44 century century NN 33589 509 45 something something NN 33589 509 46 like like IN 33589 509 47 a a DT 33589 509 48 new new JJ 33589 509 49 classic classic JJ 33589 509 50 revival revival NN 33589 509 51 took take VBD 33589 509 52 place place NN 33589 509 53 on on IN 33589 509 54 the the DT 33589 509 55 Continent continent NN 33589 509 56 . . . 33589 510 1 The the DT 33589 510 2 Church Church NNP 33589 510 3 of of IN 33589 510 4 La La NNP 33589 510 5 Madeleine Madeleine NNP 33589 510 6 and and CC 33589 510 7 the the DT 33589 510 8 Opera Opera NNP 33589 510 9 House House NNP 33589 510 10 in in IN 33589 510 11 Paris Paris NNP 33589 510 12 , , , 33589 510 13 the the DT 33589 510 14 Arco Arco NNP 33589 510 15 della della NN 33589 510 16 Pace Pace NNP 33589 510 17 at at IN 33589 510 18 Milan Milan NNP 33589 510 19 , , , 33589 510 20 the the DT 33589 510 21 Royal Royal NNP 33589 510 22 Theatre Theatre NNP 33589 510 23 at at IN 33589 510 24 Berlin Berlin NNP 33589 510 25 , , , 33589 510 26 the the DT 33589 510 27 Glyptothex Glyptothex NNP 33589 510 28 and and CC 33589 510 29 Pinacothex Pinacothex NNP 33589 510 30 of of IN 33589 510 31 Munich Munich NNP 33589 510 32 , , , 33589 510 33 the the DT 33589 510 34 Walhalla Walhalla NNP 33589 510 35 at at IN 33589 510 36 Ratisbon Ratisbon NNP 33589 510 37 , , , 33589 510 38 the the DT 33589 510 39 Museum Museum NNP 33589 510 40 of of IN 33589 510 41 Dresden Dresden NNP 33589 510 42 , , , 33589 510 43 and and CC 33589 510 44 the the DT 33589 510 45 Church Church NNP 33589 510 46 of of IN 33589 510 47 S. S. NNP 33589 510 48 Isaac Isaac NNP 33589 510 49 at at IN 33589 510 50 St. St. NNP 33589 510 51 Petersburg Petersburg NNP 33589 510 52 being be VBG 33589 510 53 notable notable JJ 33589 510 54 instances instance NNS 33589 510 55 of of IN 33589 510 56 the the DT 33589 510 57 skilful skilful JJ 33589 510 58 way way NN 33589 510 59 in in IN 33589 510 60 which which WDT 33589 510 61 Greek greek JJ 33589 510 62 details detail NNS 33589 510 63 of of IN 33589 510 64 structure structure NN 33589 510 65 were be VBD 33589 510 66 combined combine VBN 33589 510 67 by by IN 33589 510 68 the the DT 33589 510 69 best good JJS 33589 510 70 architects architect NNS 33589 510 71 with with IN 33589 510 72 modern modern JJ 33589 510 73 requirements requirement NNS 33589 510 74 . . . 33589 511 1 CHAPTER chapter NN 33589 511 2 XI XI NNP 33589 511 3 RENAISSANCE RENAISSANCE NNP 33589 511 4 ARCHITECTURE ARCHITECTURE NNP 33589 511 5 IN in IN 33589 511 6 GREAT great JJ 33589 511 7 BRITAIN BRITAIN NNP 33589 511 8 It -PRON- PRP 33589 511 9 was be VBD 33589 511 10 only only RB 33589 511 11 by by IN 33589 511 12 very very RB 33589 511 13 slow slow JJ 33589 511 14 degrees degree NNS 33589 511 15 that that WDT 33589 511 16 the the DT 33589 511 17 Renaissance Renaissance NNP 33589 511 18 style style NN 33589 511 19 was be VBD 33589 511 20 introduced introduce VBN 33589 511 21 into into IN 33589 511 22 England England NNP 33589 511 23 , , , 33589 511 24 native native JJ 33589 511 25 architects architect NNS 33589 511 26 and and CC 33589 511 27 those those DT 33589 511 28 for for IN 33589 511 29 whom whom WP 33589 511 30 they -PRON- PRP 33589 511 31 worked work VBD 33589 511 32 having have VBG 33589 511 33 clung cling VBN 33589 511 34 with with IN 33589 511 35 almost almost RB 33589 511 36 pathetic pathetic JJ 33589 511 37 devotion devotion NN 33589 511 38 to to IN 33589 511 39 the the DT 33589 511 40 traditions tradition NNS 33589 511 41 of of IN 33589 511 42 the the DT 33589 511 43 past past NN 33589 511 44 . . . 33589 512 1 At at IN 33589 512 2 the the DT 33589 512 3 end end NN 33589 512 4 of of IN 33589 512 5 the the DT 33589 512 6 15th 15th JJ 33589 512 7 century century NN 33589 512 8 the the DT 33589 512 9 Gothic gothic JJ 33589 512 10 style style NN 33589 512 11 was be VBD 33589 512 12 still still RB 33589 512 13 in in IN 33589 512 14 full full JJ 33589 512 15 vigour vigour NN 33589 512 16 on on IN 33589 512 17 this this DT 33589 512 18 side side NN 33589 512 19 of of IN 33589 512 20 the the DT 33589 512 21 Channel Channel NNP 33589 512 22 , , , 33589 512 23 and and CC 33589 512 24 although although IN 33589 512 25 early early RB 33589 512 26 in in IN 33589 512 27 the the DT 33589 512 28 16th 16th JJ 33589 512 29 century century NN 33589 512 30 it -PRON- PRP 33589 512 31 was be VBD 33589 512 32 to to IN 33589 512 33 a a DT 33589 512 34 great great JJ 33589 512 35 extent extent NN 33589 512 36 modified modify VBN 33589 512 37 by by IN 33589 512 38 the the DT 33589 512 39 influence influence NN 33589 512 40 of of IN 33589 512 41 the the DT 33589 512 42 foreign foreign JJ 33589 512 43 artists artist NNS 33589 512 44 who who WP 33589 512 45 were be VBD 33589 512 46 attracted attract VBN 33589 512 47 to to IN 33589 512 48 the the DT 33589 512 49 court court NN 33589 512 50 of of IN 33589 512 51 Henry Henry NNP 33589 512 52 VIII VIII NNP 33589 512 53 by by IN 33589 512 54 the the DT 33589 512 55 lavish lavish JJ 33589 512 56 patronage patronage NN 33589 512 57 of of IN 33589 512 58 the the DT 33589 512 59 young young JJ 33589 512 60 monarch monarch NN 33589 512 61 , , , 33589 512 62 it -PRON- PRP 33589 512 63 continued continue VBD 33589 512 64 to to IN 33589 512 65 the the DT 33589 512 66 end end NN 33589 512 67 of of IN 33589 512 68 the the DT 33589 512 69 century century NN 33589 512 70 to to TO 33589 512 71 check check VB 33589 512 72 the the DT 33589 512 73 development development NN 33589 512 74 of of IN 33589 512 75 pure pure JJ 33589 512 76 Renaissance Renaissance NNP 33589 512 77 , , , 33589 512 78 the the DT 33589 512 79 two two CD 33589 512 80 styles style NNS 33589 512 81 to to IN 33589 512 82 a a DT 33589 512 83 great great JJ 33589 512 84 extent extent NN 33589 512 85 neutralising neutralise VBG 33589 512 86 each each DT 33589 512 87 other other JJ 33589 512 88 . . . 33589 513 1 It -PRON- PRP 33589 513 2 is be VBZ 33589 513 3 significant significant JJ 33589 513 4 of of IN 33589 513 5 the the DT 33589 513 6 change change NN 33589 513 7 of of IN 33589 513 8 the the DT 33589 513 9 attitude attitude NN 33589 513 10 of of IN 33589 513 11 rulers ruler NNS 33589 513 12 and and CC 33589 513 13 ruled rule VBD 33589 513 14 towards towards IN 33589 513 15 religion religion NN 33589 513 16 that that WDT 33589 513 17 took take VBD 33589 513 18 place place NN 33589 513 19 in in IN 33589 513 20 England England NNP 33589 513 21 during during IN 33589 513 22 the the DT 33589 513 23 16th 16th JJ 33589 513 24 and and CC 33589 513 25 17th 17th JJ 33589 513 26 centuries century NNS 33589 513 27 , , , 33589 513 28 that that IN 33589 513 29 it -PRON- PRP 33589 513 30 was be VBD 33589 513 31 no no RB 33589 513 32 longer long RBR 33589 513 33 in in IN 33589 513 34 churches church NNS 33589 513 35 and and CC 33589 513 36 cathedrals cathedral NNS 33589 513 37 that that WDT 33589 513 38 architecture architecture NN 33589 513 39 achieved achieve VBD 33589 513 40 its -PRON- PRP$ 33589 513 41 greatest great JJS 33589 513 42 triumphs triumph NNS 33589 513 43 , , , 33589 513 44 but but CC 33589 513 45 in in IN 33589 513 46 palaces palace NNS 33589 513 47 , , , 33589 513 48 manor manor NN 33589 513 49 - - HYPH 33589 513 50 houses house NNS 33589 513 51 , , , 33589 513 52 colleges college NNS 33589 513 53 , , , 33589 513 54 and and CC 33589 513 55 places place NNS 33589 513 56 of of IN 33589 513 57 public public JJ 33589 513 58 entertainment entertainment NN 33589 513 59 . . . 33589 514 1 No no RB 33589 514 2 longer long RBR 33589 514 3 was be VBD 33589 514 4 the the DT 33589 514 5 soaring soar VBG 33589 514 6 Gothic gothic JJ 33589 514 7 style style NN 33589 514 8 to to IN 33589 514 9 voice voice NN 33589 514 10 in in IN 33589 514 11 stone stone NN 33589 514 12 the the DT 33589 514 13 aspirations aspiration NNS 33589 514 14 of of IN 33589 514 15 worshippers worshipper NNS 33589 514 16 for for IN 33589 514 17 closer close JJR 33589 514 18 intercourse intercourse NN 33589 514 19 with with IN 33589 514 20 the the DT 33589 514 21 divine divine JJ 33589 514 22 ; ; : 33589 514 23 the the DT 33589 514 24 best good JJS 33589 514 25 energies energy NNS 33589 514 26 of of IN 33589 514 27 architects architect NNS 33589 514 28 were be VBD 33589 514 29 henceforth henceforth RB 33589 514 30 to to TO 33589 514 31 be be VB 33589 514 32 directed direct VBN 33589 514 33 to to IN 33589 514 34 the the DT 33589 514 35 promotion promotion NN 33589 514 36 of of IN 33589 514 37 comfort comfort NN 33589 514 38 and and CC 33589 514 39 luxury luxury NN 33589 514 40 in in IN 33589 514 41 private private JJ 33589 514 42 life life NN 33589 514 43 , , , 33589 514 44 and and CC 33589 514 45 for for IN 33589 514 46 the the DT 33589 514 47 realisation realisation NN 33589 514 48 of of IN 33589 514 49 this this DT 33589 514 50 comparatively comparatively RB 33589 514 51 ignoble ignoble JJ 33589 514 52 aim aim NN 33589 514 53 the the DT 33589 514 54 revived revive VBN 33589 514 55 classic classic JJ 33589 514 56 style style NN 33589 514 57 was be VBD 33589 514 58 peculiarly peculiarly RB 33589 514 59 adapted adapt VBN 33589 514 60 . . . 33589 515 1 True true JJ 33589 515 2 , , , 33589 515 3 the the DT 33589 515 4 spirit spirit NN 33589 515 5 of of IN 33589 515 6 the the DT 33589 515 7 Renaissance Renaissance NNP 33589 515 8 did do VBD 33589 515 9 not not RB 33589 515 10 display display VB 33589 515 11 itself -PRON- PRP 33589 515 12 so so RB 33589 515 13 fully fully RB 33589 515 14 in in IN 33589 515 15 architecture architecture NN 33589 515 16 as as IN 33589 515 17 in in IN 33589 515 18 other other JJ 33589 515 19 branches branch NNS 33589 515 20 of of IN 33589 515 21 human human JJ 33589 515 22 endeavour endeavour NN 33589 515 23 , , , 33589 515 24 but but CC 33589 515 25 for for IN 33589 515 26 all all DT 33589 515 27 that that WDT 33589 515 28 its -PRON- PRP$ 33589 515 29 working working NN 33589 515 30 was be VBD 33589 515 31 very very RB 33589 515 32 apparent apparent JJ 33589 515 33 , , , 33589 515 34 assuming assume VBG 33589 515 35 a a DT 33589 515 36 certain certain JJ 33589 515 37 character character NN 33589 515 38 of of IN 33589 515 39 its -PRON- PRP$ 33589 515 40 own own JJ 33589 515 41 in in IN 33589 515 42 England England NNP 33589 515 43 . . . 33589 516 1 [ [ -LRB- 33589 516 2 Illustration illustration NN 33589 516 3 : : : 33589 516 4 Portion portion NN 33589 516 5 of of IN 33589 516 6 Lilford Lilford NNP 33589 516 7 Hall Hall NNP 33589 516 8 , , , 33589 516 9 Northants Northants NNP 33589 516 10 ] ] -RRB- 33589 516 11 First First NNP 33589 516 12 Italians Italians NNPS 33589 516 13 , , , 33589 516 14 amongst amongst IN 33589 516 15 whom whom WP 33589 516 16 the the DT 33589 516 17 most most RBS 33589 516 18 distinguished distinguished JJ 33589 516 19 were be VBD 33589 516 20 Torregiano Torregiano NNP 33589 516 21 , , , 33589 516 22 designer designer NN 33589 516 23 of of IN 33589 516 24 the the DT 33589 516 25 tomb tomb NN 33589 516 26 of of IN 33589 516 27 Henry Henry NNP 33589 516 28 VII VII NNP 33589 516 29 in in IN 33589 516 30 Westminster Westminster NNP 33589 516 31 Abbey Abbey NNP 33589 516 32 , , , 33589 516 33 Giovanni Giovanni NNP 33589 516 34 da da NNP 33589 516 35 Majano Majano NNP 33589 516 36 , , , 33589 516 37 and and CC 33589 516 38 Giovanni Giovanni NNP 33589 516 39 da da NNP 33589 516 40 Padua Padua NNP 33589 516 41 , , , 33589 516 42 the the DT 33589 516 43 architect architect NN 33589 516 44 of of IN 33589 516 45 Longleat Longleat NNP 33589 516 46 in in IN 33589 516 47 Wiltshire Wiltshire NNP 33589 516 48 , , , 33589 516 49 then then RB 33589 516 50 Flemings Flemings NNPS 33589 516 51 and and CC 33589 516 52 Germans Germans NNPS 33589 516 53 , , , 33589 516 54 none none NN 33589 516 55 of of IN 33589 516 56 whom whom WP 33589 516 57 , , , 33589 516 58 however however RB 33589 516 59 , , , 33589 516 60 except except IN 33589 516 61 John John NNP 33589 516 62 of of IN 33589 516 63 Cleves Cleves NNP 33589 516 64 , , , 33589 516 65 designer designer NN 33589 516 66 of of IN 33589 516 67 Caius Caius NNP 33589 516 68 College College NNP 33589 516 69 , , , 33589 516 70 Cambridge Cambridge NNP 33589 516 71 , , , 33589 516 72 rose rise VBD 33589 516 73 to to IN 33589 516 74 any any DT 33589 516 75 special special JJ 33589 516 76 eminence eminence NN 33589 516 77 , , , 33589 516 78 endeavoured endeavour VBN 33589 516 79 to to TO 33589 516 80 graft graft VB 33589 516 81 their -PRON- PRP$ 33589 516 82 own own JJ 33589 516 83 upon upon IN 33589 516 84 English english JJ 33589 516 85 methods method NNS 33589 516 86 , , , 33589 516 87 succeeding succeed VBG 33589 516 88 with with IN 33589 516 89 rare rare JJ 33589 516 90 exceptions exception NNS 33589 516 91 only only RB 33589 516 92 so so RB 33589 516 93 far far RB 33589 516 94 as as IN 33589 516 95 the the DT 33589 516 96 minor minor JJ 33589 516 97 details detail NNS 33589 516 98 of of IN 33589 516 99 ornamentation ornamentation NN 33589 516 100 were be VBD 33589 516 101 concerned concern VBN 33589 516 102 . . . 33589 517 1 It -PRON- PRP 33589 517 2 is be VBZ 33589 517 3 not not RB 33589 517 4 to to IN 33589 517 5 these these DT 33589 517 6 men man NNS 33589 517 7 of of IN 33589 517 8 alien alien JJ 33589 517 9 birth birth NN 33589 517 10 but but CC 33589 517 11 to to IN 33589 517 12 the the DT 33589 517 13 builders builder NNS 33589 517 14 and and CC 33589 517 15 masons mason NNS 33589 517 16 of of IN 33589 517 17 rural rural JJ 33589 517 18 England England NNP 33589 517 19 that that IN 33589 517 20 the the DT 33589 517 21 country country NN 33589 517 22 owes owe VBZ 33589 517 23 the the DT 33589 517 24 many many JJ 33589 517 25 noble noble JJ 33589 517 26 residences residence NNS 33589 517 27 , , , 33589 517 28 dating date VBG 33589 517 29 from from IN 33589 517 30 the the DT 33589 517 31 late late JJ 33589 517 32 16th 16th JJ 33589 517 33 and and CC 33589 517 34 early early JJ 33589 517 35 17th 17th JJ 33589 517 36 centuries century NNS 33589 517 37 , , , 33589 517 38 that that IN 33589 517 39 , , , 33589 517 40 Gothic Gothic NNP 33589 517 41 so so RB 33589 517 42 far far RB 33589 517 43 as as IN 33589 517 44 their -PRON- PRP$ 33589 517 45 principles principle NNS 33589 517 46 of of IN 33589 517 47 construction construction NN 33589 517 48 are be VBP 33589 517 49 concerned concern VBN 33589 517 50 , , , 33589 517 51 are be VBP 33589 517 52 enriched enrich VBN 33589 517 53 or or CC 33589 517 54 spoiled spoil VBN 33589 517 55 , , , 33589 517 56 according accord VBG 33589 517 57 to to IN 33589 517 58 the the DT 33589 517 59 point point NN 33589 517 60 of of IN 33589 517 61 view view NN 33589 517 62 from from IN 33589 517 63 which which WDT 33589 517 64 they -PRON- PRP 33589 517 65 are be VBP 33589 517 66 considered consider VBN 33589 517 67 , , , 33589 517 68 by by IN 33589 517 69 Renaissance Renaissance NNP 33589 517 70 ornamentation ornamentation NN 33589 517 71 . . . 33589 518 1 Amongst amongst IN 33589 518 2 these these DT 33589 518 3 builders builder NNS 33589 518 4 Thomas Thomas NNP 33589 518 5 Holt Holt NNP 33589 518 6 , , , 33589 518 7 author author NN 33589 518 8 of of IN 33589 518 9 the the DT 33589 518 10 Divinity Divinity NNP 33589 518 11 School School NNP 33589 518 12 of of IN 33589 518 13 Oxford Oxford NNP 33589 518 14 , , , 33589 518 15 and and CC 33589 518 16 Robert Robert NNP 33589 518 17 Smithson Smithson NNP 33589 518 18 and and CC 33589 518 19 John John NNP 33589 518 20 Thorpe Thorpe NNP 33589 518 21 , , , 33589 518 22 joint joint JJ 33589 518 23 designers designer NNS 33589 518 24 of of IN 33589 518 25 Wollaton Wollaton NNP 33589 518 26 Hall Hall NNP 33589 518 27 , , , 33589 518 28 Northamptonshire Northamptonshire NNP 33589 518 29 , , , 33589 518 30 were be VBD 33589 518 31 especially especially RB 33589 518 32 distinguished distinguish VBN 33589 518 33 . . . 33589 519 1 To to IN 33589 519 2 the the DT 33589 519 3 last last JJ 33589 519 4 named name VBN 33589 519 5 many many JJ 33589 519 6 critics critic NNS 33589 519 7 also also RB 33589 519 8 attribute attribute VBP 33589 519 9 Holland Holland NNP 33589 519 10 House House NNP 33589 519 11 , , , 33589 519 12 London London NNP 33589 519 13 , , , 33589 519 14 Rushton Rushton NNP 33589 519 15 , , , 33589 519 16 Kirkby Kirkby NNP 33589 519 17 and and CC 33589 519 18 Apethorpe Apethorpe NNP 33589 519 19 Halls Halls NNPS 33589 519 20 in in IN 33589 519 21 Northamptonshire Northamptonshire NNP 33589 519 22 , , , 33589 519 23 and and CC 33589 519 24 Knowle Knowle NNP 33589 519 25 House House NNP 33589 519 26 in in IN 33589 519 27 Kent Kent NNP 33589 519 28 , , , 33589 519 29 all all DT 33589 519 30 of of IN 33589 519 31 which which WDT 33589 519 32 are be VBP 33589 519 33 truly truly RB 33589 519 34 typical typical JJ 33589 519 35 examples example NNS 33589 519 36 of of IN 33589 519 37 English english JJ 33589 519 38 16th 16th NN 33589 519 39 or or CC 33589 519 40 early early JJ 33589 519 41 17th 17th JJ 33589 519 42 domestic domestic JJ 33589 519 43 or or CC 33589 519 44 academic academic JJ 33589 519 45 architecture architecture NN 33589 519 46 at at IN 33589 519 47 its -PRON- PRP$ 33589 519 48 best good JJS 33589 519 49 . . . 33589 520 1 To to IN 33589 520 2 about about IN 33589 520 3 the the DT 33589 520 4 same same JJ 33589 520 5 period period NN 33589 520 6 belong belong VBP 33589 520 7 Lilford Lilford NNP 33589 520 8 Hall Hall NNP 33589 520 9 , , , 33589 520 10 Northants Northants NNP 33589 520 11 , , , 33589 520 12 Westwood Westwood NNP 33589 520 13 , , , 33589 520 14 Bolsover Bolsover NNP 33589 520 15 , , , 33589 520 16 Charlton Charlton NNP 33589 520 17 , , , 33589 520 18 and and CC 33589 520 19 Hatfield Hatfield NNP 33589 520 20 Houses Houses NNP 33589 520 21 , , , 33589 520 22 all all DT 33589 520 23 somewhat somewhat RB 33589 520 24 wanting want VBG 33589 520 25 in in IN 33589 520 26 the the DT 33589 520 27 dignified dignified JJ 33589 520 28 simplicity simplicity NN 33589 520 29 of of IN 33589 520 30 plan plan NN 33589 520 31 of of IN 33589 520 32 the the DT 33589 520 33 work work NN 33589 520 34 of of IN 33589 520 35 the the DT 33589 520 36 men man NNS 33589 520 37 quoted quote VBN 33589 520 38 above above RB 33589 520 39 , , , 33589 520 40 but but CC 33589 520 41 with with IN 33589 520 42 an an DT 33589 520 43 undoubted undoubted JJ 33589 520 44 charm charm NN 33589 520 45 of of IN 33589 520 46 their -PRON- PRP$ 33589 520 47 own own JJ 33589 520 48 . . . 33589 521 1 The the DT 33589 521 2 master master NN 33589 521 3 - - HYPH 33589 521 4 builders builder NNS 33589 521 5 who who WP 33589 521 6 alike alike RB 33589 521 7 designed design VBD 33589 521 8 and and CC 33589 521 9 executed execute VBD 33589 521 10 the the DT 33589 521 11 many many JJ 33589 521 12 beautiful beautiful JJ 33589 521 13 mansions mansion NNS 33589 521 14 and and CC 33589 521 15 colleges college NNS 33589 521 16 of of IN 33589 521 17 the the DT 33589 521 18 Elizabethan Elizabethan NNP 33589 521 19 age age NN 33589 521 20 -- -- : 33589 521 21 with with IN 33589 521 22 whom whom WP 33589 521 23 must must MD 33589 521 24 be be VB 33589 521 25 associated associate VBN 33589 521 26 the the DT 33589 521 27 later later JJ 33589 521 28 John John NNP 33589 521 29 Abel Abel NNP 33589 521 30 , , , 33589 521 31 designer designer NN 33589 521 32 of of IN 33589 521 33 several several JJ 33589 521 34 fine fine JJ 33589 521 35 market market NN 33589 521 36 - - HYPH 33589 521 37 halls hall NNS 33589 521 38 , , , 33589 521 39 including include VBG 33589 521 40 those those DT 33589 521 41 of of IN 33589 521 42 Kingston Kingston NNP 33589 521 43 , , , 33589 521 44 Hereford Hereford NNP 33589 521 45 , , , 33589 521 46 and and CC 33589 521 47 Leominster Leominster NNP 33589 521 48 -- -- : 33589 521 49 may may MD 33589 521 50 justly justly RB 33589 521 51 be be VB 33589 521 52 said say VBN 33589 521 53 to to TO 33589 521 54 have have VB 33589 521 55 paved pave VBN 33589 521 56 the the DT 33589 521 57 way way NN 33589 521 58 for for IN 33589 521 59 Inigo Inigo NNP 33589 521 60 Jones Jones NNP 33589 521 61 , , , 33589 521 62 the the DT 33589 521 63 first first JJ 33589 521 64 Englishman Englishman NNP 33589 521 65 to to TO 33589 521 66 introduce introduce VB 33589 521 67 pure pure JJ 33589 521 68 Renaissance Renaissance NNP 33589 521 69 architecture architecture NN 33589 521 70 into into IN 33589 521 71 his -PRON- PRP$ 33589 521 72 native native JJ 33589 521 73 land land NN 33589 521 74 . . . 33589 522 1 Already already RB 33589 522 2 before before IN 33589 522 3 his -PRON- PRP$ 33589 522 4 advent advent NN 33589 522 5 these these DT 33589 522 6 humble humble JJ 33589 522 7 predecessors predecessor NNS 33589 522 8 had have VBD 33589 522 9 partly partly RB 33589 522 10 evolved evolve VBN 33589 522 11 , , , 33589 522 12 out out IN 33589 522 13 of of IN 33589 522 14 the the DT 33589 522 15 mediæval mediæval NN 33589 522 16 castle castle NN 33589 522 17 and and CC 33589 522 18 the the DT 33589 522 19 mediæval mediæval NN 33589 522 20 cottage cottage NN 33589 522 21 , , , 33589 522 22 what what WP 33589 522 23 was be VBD 33589 522 24 to to TO 33589 522 25 become become VB 33589 522 26 the the DT 33589 522 27 typical typical JJ 33589 522 28 English english JJ 33589 522 29 home home NN 33589 522 30 , , , 33589 522 31 bringing bring VBG 33589 522 32 about about RP 33589 522 33 something something NN 33589 522 34 like like IN 33589 522 35 a a DT 33589 522 36 revolution revolution NN 33589 522 37 in in IN 33589 522 38 planning planning NN 33589 522 39 by by IN 33589 522 40 the the DT 33589 522 41 innovations innovation NNS 33589 522 42 introduced introduce VBN 33589 522 43 by by IN 33589 522 44 them -PRON- PRP 33589 522 45 with with IN 33589 522 46 a a DT 33589 522 47 view view NN 33589 522 48 to to IN 33589 522 49 admitting admit VBG 33589 522 50 more more JJR 33589 522 51 air air NN 33589 522 52 and and CC 33589 522 53 light light NN 33589 522 54 , , , 33589 522 55 and and CC 33589 522 56 rendering render VBG 33589 522 57 access access NN 33589 522 58 to to IN 33589 522 59 the the DT 33589 522 60 upper upper JJ 33589 522 61 floors floor NNS 33589 522 62 easier easy JJR 33589 522 63 by by IN 33589 522 64 the the DT 33589 522 65 substitution substitution NN 33589 522 66 of of IN 33589 522 67 an an DT 33589 522 68 internal internal JJ 33589 522 69 staircase staircase NN 33589 522 70 , , , 33589 522 71 for for IN 33589 522 72 the the DT 33589 522 73 external external JJ 33589 522 74 flight flight NN 33589 522 75 of of IN 33589 522 76 steps step NNS 33589 522 77 leading lead VBG 33589 522 78 up up IN 33589 522 79 to to IN 33589 522 80 each each DT 33589 522 81 separate separate JJ 33589 522 82 room room NN 33589 522 83 hitherto hitherto VBD 33589 522 84 the the DT 33589 522 85 fashion fashion NN 33589 522 86 . . . 33589 523 1 Gifted gift VBN 33589 523 2 with with IN 33589 523 3 a a DT 33589 523 4 vivid vivid JJ 33589 523 5 imagination imagination NN 33589 523 6 and and CC 33589 523 7 a a DT 33589 523 8 rare rare JJ 33589 523 9 faculty faculty NN 33589 523 10 of of IN 33589 523 11 design design NN 33589 523 12 , , , 33589 523 13 Inigo Inigo NNP 33589 523 14 Jones Jones NNP 33589 523 15 succeeded succeed VBD 33589 523 16 in in IN 33589 523 17 so so RB 33589 523 18 adapting adapt VBG 33589 523 19 Italian italian JJ 33589 523 20 ideals ideal NNS 33589 523 21 , , , 33589 523 22 especially especially RB 33589 523 23 those those DT 33589 523 24 of of IN 33589 523 25 Palladio Palladio NNP 33589 523 26 , , , 33589 523 27 to to IN 33589 523 28 English English NNP 33589 523 29 needs need NNS 33589 523 30 , , , 33589 523 31 that that IN 33589 523 32 he -PRON- PRP 33589 523 33 may may MD 33589 523 34 justly justly RB 33589 523 35 be be VB 33589 523 36 said say VBN 33589 523 37 to to TO 33589 523 38 have have VB 33589 523 39 founded found VBN 33589 523 40 something something NN 33589 523 41 approaching approach VBG 33589 523 42 to to IN 33589 523 43 a a DT 33589 523 44 national national JJ 33589 523 45 style style NN 33589 523 46 . . . 33589 524 1 Unfortunately unfortunately RB 33589 524 2 few few JJ 33589 524 3 of of IN 33589 524 4 the the DT 33589 524 5 many many JJ 33589 524 6 schemes scheme NNS 33589 524 7 evolved evolve VBN 33589 524 8 by by IN 33589 524 9 him -PRON- PRP 33589 524 10 were be VBD 33589 524 11 carried carry VBN 33589 524 12 out out RP 33589 524 13 in in IN 33589 524 14 their -PRON- PRP$ 33589 524 15 entirety entirety NN 33589 524 16 , , , 33589 524 17 but but CC 33589 524 18 his -PRON- PRP$ 33589 524 19 plans plan NNS 33589 524 20 and and CC 33589 524 21 drawings drawing NNS 33589 524 22 prove prove VBP 33589 524 23 him -PRON- PRP 33589 524 24 to to TO 33589 524 25 have have VB 33589 524 26 been be VBN 33589 524 27 the the DT 33589 524 28 equal equal JJ 33589 524 29 and and CC 33589 524 30 , , , 33589 524 31 in in IN 33589 524 32 some some DT 33589 524 33 respects respect NNS 33589 524 34 , , , 33589 524 35 even even RB 33589 524 36 the the DT 33589 524 37 superior superior JJ 33589 524 38 of of IN 33589 524 39 his -PRON- PRP$ 33589 524 40 great great JJ 33589 524 41 successor successor NN 33589 524 42 , , , 33589 524 43 Sir Sir NNP 33589 524 44 Christopher Christopher NNP 33589 524 45 Wren Wren NNP 33589 524 46 . . . 33589 525 1 Of of IN 33589 525 2 his -PRON- PRP$ 33589 525 3 grand grand JJ 33589 525 4 design design NN 33589 525 5 for for IN 33589 525 6 the the DT 33589 525 7 new new JJ 33589 525 8 Palace Palace NNP 33589 525 9 of of IN 33589 525 10 Whitehall Whitehall NNP 33589 525 11 after after IN 33589 525 12 the the DT 33589 525 13 fire fire NN 33589 525 14 of of IN 33589 525 15 1619 1619 CD 33589 525 16 , , , 33589 525 17 the the DT 33589 525 18 Banqueting Banqueting NNP 33589 525 19 Hall Hall NNP 33589 525 20 , , , 33589 525 21 considered consider VBD 33589 525 22 his -PRON- PRP$ 33589 525 23 masterpiece masterpiece NN 33589 525 24 , , , 33589 525 25 alone alone RB 33589 525 26 was be VBD 33589 525 27 completed complete VBN 33589 525 28 , , , 33589 525 29 but but CC 33589 525 30 he -PRON- PRP 33589 525 31 was be VBD 33589 525 32 the the DT 33589 525 33 real real JJ 33589 525 34 architect architect NN 33589 525 35 of of IN 33589 525 36 the the DT 33589 525 37 equally equally RB 33589 525 38 successful successful JJ 33589 525 39 Greenwich Greenwich NNP 33589 525 40 Hospital Hospital NNP 33589 525 41 , , , 33589 525 42 for for IN 33589 525 43 it -PRON- PRP 33589 525 44 was be VBD 33589 525 45 his -PRON- PRP$ 33589 525 46 plan plan NN 33589 525 47 that that WDT 33589 525 48 was be VBD 33589 525 49 followed follow VBN 33589 525 50 after after IN 33589 525 51 his -PRON- PRP$ 33589 525 52 death death NN 33589 525 53 by by IN 33589 525 54 Wren Wren NNP 33589 525 55 . . . 33589 526 1 Although although IN 33589 526 2 it -PRON- PRP 33589 526 3 is be VBZ 33589 526 4 the the DT 33589 526 5 custom custom NN 33589 526 6 to to TO 33589 526 7 dwell dwell VB 33589 526 8 much much JJ 33589 526 9 on on IN 33589 526 10 the the DT 33589 526 11 unique unique JJ 33589 526 12 opportunity opportunity NN 33589 526 13 afforded afford VBN 33589 526 14 to to IN 33589 526 15 Sir Sir NNP 33589 526 16 Christopher Christopher NNP 33589 526 17 Wren Wren NNP 33589 526 18 by by IN 33589 526 19 the the DT 33589 526 20 great great JJ 33589 526 21 fire fire NN 33589 526 22 of of IN 33589 526 23 1666 1666 CD 33589 526 24 , , , 33589 526 25 there there EX 33589 526 26 is be VBZ 33589 526 27 no no DT 33589 526 28 doubt doubt NN 33589 526 29 that that IN 33589 526 30 even even RB 33589 526 31 without without IN 33589 526 32 it -PRON- PRP 33589 526 33 he -PRON- PRP 33589 526 34 would would MD 33589 526 35 have have VB 33589 526 36 set set VBN 33589 526 37 his -PRON- PRP$ 33589 526 38 seal seal NN 33589 526 39 on on IN 33589 526 40 the the DT 33589 526 41 period period NN 33589 526 42 during during IN 33589 526 43 which which WDT 33589 526 44 he -PRON- PRP 33589 526 45 lived live VBD 33589 526 46 . . . 33589 527 1 His -PRON- PRP$ 33589 527 2 additions addition NNS 33589 527 3 to to IN 33589 527 4 Hampton Hampton NNP 33589 527 5 Court Court NNP 33589 527 6 Palace Palace NNP 33589 527 7 are be VBP 33589 527 8 most most RBS 33589 527 9 dignified dignified JJ 33589 527 10 and and CC 33589 527 11 appropriate appropriate JJ 33589 527 12 , , , 33589 527 13 his -PRON- PRP$ 33589 527 14 semi semi JJ 33589 527 15 - - JJ 33589 527 16 Gothic gothic JJ 33589 527 17 Tom Tom NNP 33589 527 18 Tower Tower NNP 33589 527 19 at at IN 33589 527 20 Oxford Oxford NNP 33589 527 21 well well RB 33589 527 22 illustrates illustrate VBZ 33589 527 23 his -PRON- PRP$ 33589 527 24 keen keen JJ 33589 527 25 sense sense NN 33589 527 26 of of IN 33589 527 27 environment environment NN 33589 527 28 , , , 33589 527 29 and and CC 33589 527 30 his -PRON- PRP$ 33589 527 31 design design NN 33589 527 32 for for IN 33589 527 33 a a DT 33589 527 34 Royal Royal NNP 33589 527 35 Palace Palace NNP 33589 527 36 at at IN 33589 527 37 Winchester Winchester NNP 33589 527 38 , , , 33589 527 39 had have VBD 33589 527 40 it -PRON- PRP 33589 527 41 been be VBN 33589 527 42 carried carry VBN 33589 527 43 out out RP 33589 527 44 , , , 33589 527 45 would would MD 33589 527 46 have have VB 33589 527 47 given give VBN 33589 527 48 to to IN 33589 527 49 that that DT 33589 527 50 city city NN 33589 527 51 a a DT 33589 527 52 building building NN 33589 527 53 worthy worthy JJ 33589 527 54 to to TO 33589 527 55 rank rank VB 33589 527 56 with with IN 33589 527 57 its -PRON- PRP$ 33589 527 58 cathedral cathedral NN 33589 527 59 . . . 33589 528 1 As as IN 33589 528 2 it -PRON- PRP 33589 528 3 is be VBZ 33589 528 4 , , , 33589 528 5 his -PRON- PRP$ 33589 528 6 fame fame NN 33589 528 7 rests rest VBZ 33589 528 8 chiefly chiefly RB 33589 528 9 on on IN 33589 528 10 his -PRON- PRP$ 33589 528 11 work work NN 33589 528 12 in in IN 33589 528 13 London London NNP 33589 528 14 , , , 33589 528 15 although although IN 33589 528 16 the the DT 33589 528 17 masterly masterly JJ 33589 528 18 scheme scheme NN 33589 528 19 he -PRON- PRP 33589 528 20 drew draw VBD 33589 528 21 up up RP 33589 528 22 for for IN 33589 528 23 the the DT 33589 528 24 rebuilding rebuilding NN 33589 528 25 of of IN 33589 528 26 the the DT 33589 528 27 whole whole JJ 33589 528 28 town town NN 33589 528 29 had have VBD 33589 528 30 to to TO 33589 528 31 be be VB 33589 528 32 considerably considerably RB 33589 528 33 modified modify VBN 33589 528 34 . . . 33589 529 1 [ [ -LRB- 33589 529 2 Illustration illustration NN 33589 529 3 : : : 33589 529 4 Portion portion NN 33589 529 5 of of IN 33589 529 6 Greenwich Greenwich NNP 33589 529 7 Hospital Hospital NNP 33589 529 8 ] ] -RRB- 33589 529 9 S. S. NNP 33589 529 10 Paul Paul NNP 33589 529 11 's 's POS 33589 529 12 Cathedral Cathedral NNP 33589 529 13 , , , 33589 529 14 that that WDT 33589 529 15 dominates dominate VBZ 33589 529 16 the the DT 33589 529 17 vast vast JJ 33589 529 18 agglomeration agglomeration NN 33589 529 19 making make VBG 33589 529 20 up up RP 33589 529 21 the the DT 33589 529 22 modern modern JJ 33589 529 23 capital capital NN 33589 529 24 , , , 33589 529 25 reflects reflect VBZ 33589 529 26 , , , 33589 529 27 in in IN 33589 529 28 its -PRON- PRP$ 33589 529 29 solemn solemn JJ 33589 529 30 and and CC 33589 529 31 dignified dignified JJ 33589 529 32 beauty beauty NN 33589 529 33 , , , 33589 529 34 almost almost RB 33589 529 35 as as RB 33589 529 36 clearly clearly RB 33589 529 37 as as IN 33589 529 38 did do VBD 33589 529 39 a a DT 33589 529 40 mediæval mediæval JJ 33589 529 41 ecclesiastical ecclesiastical JJ 33589 529 42 Gothic Gothic NNP 33589 529 43 edifice edifice NN 33589 529 44 , , , 33589 529 45 the the DT 33589 529 46 spirit spirit NN 33589 529 47 of of IN 33589 529 48 its -PRON- PRP$ 33589 529 49 age age NN 33589 529 50 , , , 33589 529 51 during during IN 33589 529 52 which which WDT 33589 529 53 the the DT 33589 529 54 Puritan Puritan NNP 33589 529 55 replaced replace VBD 33589 529 56 the the DT 33589 529 57 Roman roman JJ 33589 529 58 Catholic Catholic NNP 33589 529 59 ideal ideal NN 33589 529 60 , , , 33589 529 61 and and CC 33589 529 62 a a DT 33589 529 63 rigid rigid JJ 33589 529 64 Protestantism Protestantism NNP 33589 529 65 became become VBD 33589 529 66 the the DT 33589 529 67 religion religion NN 33589 529 68 of of IN 33589 529 69 the the DT 33589 529 70 people people NNS 33589 529 71 . . . 33589 530 1 Of of IN 33589 530 2 noble noble JJ 33589 530 3 and and CC 33589 530 4 most most RBS 33589 530 5 harmonious harmonious JJ 33589 530 6 proportions proportion NNS 33589 530 7 , , , 33589 530 8 S. S. NNP 33589 530 9 Paul Paul NNP 33589 530 10 's 's POS 33589 530 11 is be VBZ 33589 530 12 cruciform cruciform JJ 33589 530 13 in in IN 33589 530 14 plan plan NN 33589 530 15 , , , 33589 530 16 every every DT 33589 530 17 portion portion NN 33589 530 18 of of IN 33589 530 19 its -PRON- PRP$ 33589 530 20 exterior exterior NN 33589 530 21 and and CC 33589 530 22 interior interior NNP 33589 530 23 subordinated subordinate VBN 33589 530 24 to to IN 33589 530 25 the the DT 33589 530 26 great great JJ 33589 530 27 central central JJ 33589 530 28 dome dome NN 33589 530 29 , , , 33589 530 30 that that IN 33589 530 31 , , , 33589 530 32 consisting consist VBG 33589 530 33 as as IN 33589 530 34 it -PRON- PRP 33589 530 35 does do VBZ 33589 530 36 of of IN 33589 530 37 an an DT 33589 530 38 outer outer JJ 33589 530 39 and and CC 33589 530 40 inner inner JJ 33589 530 41 vault vault NN 33589 530 42 , , , 33589 530 43 is be VBZ 33589 530 44 equally equally RB 33589 530 45 impressive impressive JJ 33589 530 46 whether whether IN 33589 530 47 seen see VBN 33589 530 48 from from IN 33589 530 49 within within IN 33589 530 50 or or CC 33589 530 51 from from IN 33589 530 52 without without IN 33589 530 53 . . . 33589 531 1 From from IN 33589 531 2 whatever whatever WDT 33589 531 3 point point NN 33589 531 4 of of IN 33589 531 5 view view NN 33589 531 6 , , , 33589 531 7 the the DT 33589 531 8 dome dome NN 33589 531 9 , , , 33589 531 10 with with IN 33589 531 11 its -PRON- PRP$ 33589 531 12 graceful graceful JJ 33589 531 13 lantern lantern NN 33589 531 14 surmounted surmount VBN 33589 531 15 by by IN 33589 531 16 a a DT 33589 531 17 cross cross NN 33589 531 18 , , , 33589 531 19 remains remain VBZ 33589 531 20 the the DT 33589 531 21 central central JJ 33589 531 22 feature feature NN 33589 531 23 of of IN 33589 531 24 a a DT 33589 531 25 structure structure NN 33589 531 26 at at IN 33589 531 27 unity unity NN 33589 531 28 with with IN 33589 531 29 itself -PRON- PRP 33589 531 30 , , , 33589 531 31 consistent consistent JJ 33589 531 32 in in IN 33589 531 33 every every DT 33589 531 34 detail detail NN 33589 531 35 , , , 33589 531 36 the the DT 33589 531 37 western western JJ 33589 531 38 towers tower NNS 33589 531 39 and and CC 33589 531 40 the the DT 33589 531 41 great great JJ 33589 531 42 central central JJ 33589 531 43 portico portico NN 33589 531 44 with with IN 33589 531 45 their -PRON- PRP$ 33589 531 46 appropriate appropriate JJ 33589 531 47 classic classic JJ 33589 531 48 pilasters pilaster NNS 33589 531 49 and and CC 33589 531 50 columns column NNS 33589 531 51 all all DT 33589 531 52 being be VBG 33589 531 53 in in IN 33589 531 54 complete complete JJ 33589 531 55 and and CC 33589 531 56 satisfying satisfying JJ 33589 531 57 accord accord NN 33589 531 58 . . . 33589 532 1 The the DT 33589 532 2 Churches Churches NNPS 33589 532 3 of of IN 33589 532 4 S. S. NNP 33589 532 5 Stephen Stephen NNP 33589 532 6 , , , 33589 532 7 Walbrook Walbrook NNP 33589 532 8 , , , 33589 532 9 S. S. NNP 33589 532 10 Andrew Andrew NNP 33589 532 11 , , , 33589 532 12 Holborn Holborn NNP 33589 532 13 , , , 33589 532 14 S. S. NNP 33589 532 15 James James NNP 33589 532 16 , , , 33589 532 17 Piccadilly piccadilly RB 33589 532 18 , , , 33589 532 19 S. S. NNP 33589 532 20 Clements Clements NNP 33589 532 21 Danes Danes NNPS 33589 532 22 , , , 33589 532 23 S. S. NNP 33589 532 24 Bride Bride NNP 33589 532 25 's 's POS 33589 532 26 , , , 33589 532 27 Fleet Fleet NNP 33589 532 28 Street Street NNP 33589 532 29 , , , 33589 532 30 and and CC 33589 532 31 Bow Bow NNP 33589 532 32 are be VBP 33589 532 33 amongst amongst IN 33589 532 34 the the DT 33589 532 35 finest fine JJS 33589 532 36 designed design VBN 33589 532 37 by by IN 33589 532 38 Wren Wren NNP 33589 532 39 . . . 33589 533 1 The the DT 33589 533 2 steeples steeple NNS 33589 533 3 of of IN 33589 533 4 the the DT 33589 533 5 last last JJ 33589 533 6 three three CD 33589 533 7 are be VBP 33589 533 8 especially especially RB 33589 533 9 noteworthy noteworthy JJ 33589 533 10 as as IN 33589 533 11 the the DT 33589 533 12 earliest early JJS 33589 533 13 examples example NNS 33589 533 14 in in IN 33589 533 15 England England NNP 33589 533 16 of of IN 33589 533 17 the the DT 33589 533 18 use use NN 33589 533 19 of of IN 33589 533 20 that that DT 33589 533 21 feature feature NN 33589 533 22 in in IN 33589 533 23 Renaissance Renaissance NNP 33589 533 24 buildings building NNS 33589 533 25 . . . 33589 534 1 Sir Sir NNP 33589 534 2 Christopher Christopher NNP 33589 534 3 did do VBD 33589 534 4 not not RB 33589 534 5 pass pass VB 33589 534 6 away away RB 33589 534 7 until until IN 33589 534 8 the the DT 33589 534 9 18th 18th JJ 33589 534 10 century century NN 33589 534 11 , , , 33589 534 12 which which WDT 33589 534 13 was be VBD 33589 534 14 to to TO 33589 534 15 witness witness VB 33589 534 16 a a DT 33589 534 17 rapid rapid JJ 33589 534 18 decline decline NN 33589 534 19 of of IN 33589 534 20 architecture architecture NN 33589 534 21 in in IN 33589 534 22 England England NNP 33589 534 23 . . . 33589 535 1 His -PRON- PRP$ 33589 535 2 influence influence NN 33589 535 3 had have VBD 33589 535 4 begun begin VBN 33589 535 5 to to IN 33589 535 6 wane wane NN 33589 535 7 even even RB 33589 535 8 before before IN 33589 535 9 his -PRON- PRP$ 33589 535 10 death death NN 33589 535 11 , , , 33589 535 12 and and CC 33589 535 13 few few JJ 33589 535 14 of of IN 33589 535 15 his -PRON- PRP$ 33589 535 16 immediate immediate JJ 33589 535 17 successors successor NNS 33589 535 18 , , , 33589 535 19 with with IN 33589 535 20 the the DT 33589 535 21 exceptions exception NNS 33589 535 22 of of IN 33589 535 23 his -PRON- PRP$ 33589 535 24 pupils pupil NNS 33589 535 25 , , , 33589 535 26 Nicholas Nicholas NNP 33589 535 27 Hawkesmoor Hawkesmoor NNP 33589 535 28 , , , 33589 535 29 architect architect NN 33589 535 30 of of IN 33589 535 31 S. S. NNP 33589 535 32 George George NNP 33589 535 33 's 's POS 33589 535 34 , , , 33589 535 35 Bloomsbury Bloomsbury NNP 33589 535 36 , , , 33589 535 37 and and CC 33589 535 38 other other JJ 33589 535 39 London London NNP 33589 535 40 churches church NNS 33589 535 41 of of IN 33589 535 42 similar similar JJ 33589 535 43 design design NN 33589 535 44 , , , 33589 535 45 and and CC 33589 535 46 Sir Sir NNP 33589 535 47 John John NNP 33589 535 48 Vanburgh Vanburgh NNP 33589 535 49 , , , 33589 535 50 who who WP 33589 535 51 designed design VBD 33589 535 52 Castle Castle NNP 33589 535 53 Howard Howard NNP 33589 535 54 and and CC 33589 535 55 Blenheim Blenheim NNP 33589 535 56 Palace Palace NNP 33589 535 57 , , , 33589 535 58 rose rise VBD 33589 535 59 to to TO 33589 535 60 eminence eminence VB 33589 535 61 . . . 33589 536 1 James James NNP 33589 536 2 Gibbs Gibbs NNP 33589 536 3 , , , 33589 536 4 designer designer NN 33589 536 5 of of IN 33589 536 6 the the DT 33589 536 7 Ratcliffe Ratcliffe NNP 33589 536 8 Library Library NNP 33589 536 9 at at IN 33589 536 10 Oxford Oxford NNP 33589 536 11 , , , 33589 536 12 also also RB 33589 536 13 did do VBD 33589 536 14 some some DT 33589 536 15 good good JJ 33589 536 16 work work NN 33589 536 17 ; ; : 33589 536 18 the the DT 33589 536 19 brothers brother NNS 33589 536 20 Adam Adam NNP 33589 536 21 successfully successfully RB 33589 536 22 imitated imitate VBD 33589 536 23 classic classic JJ 33589 536 24 forms form NNS 33589 536 25 in in IN 33589 536 26 certain certain JJ 33589 536 27 London London NNP 33589 536 28 and and CC 33589 536 29 Edinburgh Edinburgh NNP 33589 536 30 buildings building NNS 33589 536 31 , , , 33589 536 32 and and CC 33589 536 33 Sir Sir NNP 33589 536 34 Robert Robert NNP 33589 536 35 Taylor Taylor NNP 33589 536 36 won win VBD 33589 536 37 some some DT 33589 536 38 distinction distinction NN 33589 536 39 by by IN 33589 536 40 the the DT 33589 536 41 Halls Halls NNPS 33589 536 42 erected erect VBN 33589 536 43 by by IN 33589 536 44 him -PRON- PRP 33589 536 45 in in IN 33589 536 46 Herefordshire Herefordshire NNP 33589 536 47 and and CC 33589 536 48 Essex Essex NNP 33589 536 49 . . . 33589 537 1 Towards towards IN 33589 537 2 the the DT 33589 537 3 close close NN 33589 537 4 of of IN 33589 537 5 the the DT 33589 537 6 century century NN 33589 537 7 a a DT 33589 537 8 classic classic JJ 33589 537 9 revival revival NN 33589 537 10 inaugurated inaugurate VBN 33589 537 11 by by IN 33589 537 12 Sir Sir NNP 33589 537 13 William William NNP 33589 537 14 Chambers Chambers NNP 33589 537 15 , , , 33589 537 16 designer designer NN 33589 537 17 of of IN 33589 537 18 Somerset Somerset NNP 33589 537 19 House House NNP 33589 537 20 , , , 33589 537 21 took take VBD 33589 537 22 place place NN 33589 537 23 in in IN 33589 537 24 England England NNP 33589 537 25 , , , 33589 537 26 and and CC 33589 537 27 it -PRON- PRP 33589 537 28 became become VBD 33589 537 29 the the DT 33589 537 30 fashion fashion NN 33589 537 31 to to TO 33589 537 32 add add VB 33589 537 33 a a DT 33589 537 34 Greek greek JJ 33589 537 35 portico portico NN 33589 537 36 to to IN 33589 537 37 every every DT 33589 537 38 important important JJ 33589 537 39 public public JJ 33589 537 40 or or CC 33589 537 41 private private JJ 33589 537 42 building building NN 33589 537 43 . . . 33589 538 1 Typical typical JJ 33589 538 2 examples example NNS 33589 538 3 of of IN 33589 538 4 the the DT 33589 538 5 new new JJ 33589 538 6 departure departure NN 33589 538 7 are be VBP 33589 538 8 S. S. NNP 33589 538 9 Pancras Pancras NNP 33589 538 10 Church Church NNP 33589 538 11 , , , 33589 538 12 London London NNP 33589 538 13 , , , 33589 538 14 that that DT 33589 538 15 is be VBZ 33589 538 16 a a DT 33589 538 17 kind kind NN 33589 538 18 of of IN 33589 538 19 compilation compilation NN 33589 538 20 from from IN 33589 538 21 the the DT 33589 538 22 Parthenon Parthenon NNP 33589 538 23 , , , 33589 538 24 the the DT 33589 538 25 Erectheum Erectheum NNP 33589 538 26 , , , 33589 538 27 and and CC 33589 538 28 the the DT 33589 538 29 Temple Temple NNP 33589 538 30 of of IN 33589 538 31 the the DT 33589 538 32 Winds Winds NNPS 33589 538 33 at at IN 33589 538 34 Athens Athens NNP 33589 538 35 , , , 33589 538 36 and and CC 33589 538 37 S. S. NNP 33589 538 38 George George NNP 33589 538 39 's 's POS 33589 538 40 Hall Hall NNP 33589 538 41 , , , 33589 538 42 Liverpool Liverpool NNP 33589 538 43 , , , 33589 538 44 a a DT 33589 538 45 skilful skilful JJ 33589 538 46 adaptation adaptation NN 33589 538 47 of of IN 33589 538 48 the the DT 33589 538 49 design design NN 33589 538 50 of of IN 33589 538 51 a a DT 33589 538 52 hall hall NN 33589 538 53 of of IN 33589 538 54 one one CD 33589 538 55 of of IN 33589 538 56 the the DT 33589 538 57 great great JJ 33589 538 58 Thermæ Thermæ NNP 33589 538 59 of of IN 33589 538 60 Rome Rome NNP 33589 538 61 . . . 33589 539 1 Early early RB 33589 539 2 in in IN 33589 539 3 the the DT 33589 539 4 19th 19th JJ 33589 539 5 century century NN 33589 539 6 a a DT 33589 539 7 reaction reaction NN 33589 539 8 took take VBD 33589 539 9 place place NN 33589 539 10 against against IN 33589 539 11 the the DT 33589 539 12 classic classic JJ 33589 539 13 style style NN 33589 539 14 , , , 33589 539 15 which which WDT 33589 539 16 was be VBD 33589 539 17 not not RB 33589 539 18 really really RB 33589 539 19 adapted adapt VBN 33589 539 20 to to IN 33589 539 21 the the DT 33589 539 22 English english JJ 33589 539 23 climate climate NN 33589 539 24 , , , 33589 539 25 and and CC 33589 539 26 architects architect NNS 33589 539 27 began begin VBD 33589 539 28 to to TO 33589 539 29 show show VB 33589 539 30 a a DT 33589 539 31 desire desire NN 33589 539 32 to to TO 33589 539 33 revert revert VB 33589 539 34 to to IN 33589 539 35 Gothic Gothic NNP 33589 539 36 traditions tradition NNS 33589 539 37 . . . 33589 540 1 In in IN 33589 540 2 this this DT 33589 540 3 new new JJ 33589 540 4 movement movement NN 33589 540 5 Sir Sir NNP 33589 540 6 Charles Charles NNP 33589 540 7 Barry Barry NNP 33589 540 8 took take VBD 33589 540 9 the the DT 33589 540 10 lead lead NN 33589 540 11 . . . 33589 541 1 The the DT 33589 541 2 Houses Houses NNPS 33589 541 3 of of IN 33589 541 4 Parliament Parliament NNP 33589 541 5 , , , 33589 541 6 in in IN 33589 541 7 the the DT 33589 541 8 latest late JJS 33589 541 9 phase phase NN 33589 541 10 of of IN 33589 541 11 the the DT 33589 541 12 style style NN 33589 541 13 , , , 33589 541 14 considered consider VBD 33589 541 15 his -PRON- PRP$ 33589 541 16 masterpiece masterpiece NN 33589 541 17 , , , 33589 541 18 is be VBZ 33589 541 19 specially specially RB 33589 541 20 successful successful JJ 33589 541 21 in in IN 33589 541 22 its -PRON- PRP$ 33589 541 23 general general JJ 33589 541 24 plan plan NN 33589 541 25 and and CC 33589 541 26 in in IN 33589 541 27 the the DT 33589 541 28 picturesqueness picturesqueness NN 33589 541 29 of of IN 33589 541 30 its -PRON- PRP$ 33589 541 31 exterior exterior NN 33589 541 32 . . . 33589 542 1 With with IN 33589 542 2 Sir Sir NNP 33589 542 3 Charles Charles NNP 33589 542 4 Barry Barry NNP 33589 542 5 must must MD 33589 542 6 be be VB 33589 542 7 associated associate VBN 33589 542 8 Augustine Augustine NNP 33589 542 9 Pugin Pugin NNP 33589 542 10 , , , 33589 542 11 a a DT 33589 542 12 man man NN 33589 542 13 of of IN 33589 542 14 fine fine JJ 33589 542 15 genius genius NN 33589 542 16 and and CC 33589 542 17 originality originality NN 33589 542 18 , , , 33589 542 19 with with IN 33589 542 20 a a DT 33589 542 21 genuine genuine JJ 33589 542 22 feeling feeling NN 33589 542 23 for for IN 33589 542 24 mediæval mediæval NN 33589 542 25 Gothic Gothic NNP 33589 542 26 , , , 33589 542 27 Norman Norman NNP 33589 542 28 Shaw Shaw NNP 33589 542 29 , , , 33589 542 30 and and CC 33589 542 31 Bodley Bodley NNP 33589 542 32 , , , 33589 542 33 all all DT 33589 542 34 of of IN 33589 542 35 whom whom WP 33589 542 36 have have VBP 33589 542 37 done do VBN 33589 542 38 much much JJ 33589 542 39 to to TO 33589 542 40 leaven leaven VB 33589 542 41 the the DT 33589 542 42 utilitarian utilitarian JJ 33589 542 43 tendencies tendency NNS 33589 542 44 of of IN 33589 542 45 modern modern JJ 33589 542 46 times time NNS 33589 542 47 . . . 33589 543 1 INDEX INDEX NNP 33589 543 2 Alhambra Alhambra NNP 33589 543 3 , , , 33589 543 4 the the DT 33589 543 5 , , , 33589 543 6 42 42 CD 33589 543 7 Amiens Amiens NNP 33589 543 8 Cathedral Cathedral NNP 33589 543 9 , , , 33589 543 10 65 65 CD 33589 543 11 Amphitheatres Amphitheatres NNP 33589 543 12 , , , 33589 543 13 Roman Roman NNP 33589 543 14 , , , 33589 543 15 28 28 CD 33589 543 16 Anglo anglo JJ 33589 543 17 - - HYPH 33589 543 18 Norman norman JJ 33589 543 19 style style NN 33589 543 20 , , , 33589 543 21 54 54 CD 33589 543 22 Anglo Anglo NNP 33589 543 23 - - HYPH 33589 543 24 Saxon Saxon NNP 33589 543 25 style style NN 33589 543 26 , , , 33589 543 27 53 53 CD 33589 543 28 Arch arch JJ 33589 543 29 , , , 33589 543 30 vi vi NNP 33589 543 31 Arches Arches NNP 33589 543 32 , , , 33589 543 33 Roman Roman NNP 33589 543 34 , , , 33589 543 35 30 30 CD 33589 543 36 Architecture architecture NN 33589 543 37 , , , 33589 543 38 definition definition NN 33589 543 39 of of IN 33589 543 40 , , , 33589 543 41 v v LS 33589 543 42 Asiatic asiatic JJ 33589 543 43 architecture architecture NN 33589 543 44 , , , 33589 543 45 9 9 CD 33589 543 46 Assyrian assyrian JJ 33589 543 47 architecture architecture NN 33589 543 48 , , , 33589 543 49 9 9 CD 33589 543 50 Babylonian babylonian JJ 33589 543 51 architecture architecture NN 33589 543 52 , , , 33589 543 53 9 9 CD 33589 543 54 Baptisteries Baptisteries NNPS 33589 543 55 , , , 33589 543 56 35 35 CD 33589 543 57 Basilicas Basilicas NNP 33589 543 58 , , , 33589 543 59 Roman Roman NNP 33589 543 60 , , , 33589 543 61 26 26 CD 33589 543 62 Baths Baths NNPS 33589 543 63 , , , 33589 543 64 Roman Roman NNP 33589 543 65 , , , 33589 543 66 27 27 CD 33589 543 67 Buddhist buddhist JJ 33589 543 68 architecture architecture NN 33589 543 69 , , , 33589 543 70 12 12 CD 33589 543 71 Buvards Buvards NNPS 33589 543 72 , , , 33589 543 73 v v LS 33589 543 74 Byzantine byzantine JJ 33589 543 75 architecture architecture NN 33589 543 76 , , , 33589 543 77 24 24 CD 33589 543 78 , , , 33589 543 79 36 36 CD 33589 543 80 Caryatid Caryatid NNP 33589 543 81 Porch Porch NNP 33589 543 82 , , , 33589 543 83 21 21 CD 33589 543 84 Castles Castles NNPS 33589 543 85 , , , 33589 543 86 Norman Norman NNP 33589 543 87 , , , 33589 543 88 59 59 CD 33589 543 89 Cathedrals cathedral NNS 33589 543 90 . . . 33589 544 1 _ _ NNP 33589 544 2 See See NNP 33589 544 3 _ _ NNP 33589 544 4 Churches Churches NNPS 33589 544 5 Chaityas Chaityas NNP 33589 544 6 , , , 33589 544 7 11 11 CD 33589 544 8 Chartres chartre NNS 33589 544 9 Cathedral Cathedral NNP 33589 544 10 , , , 33589 544 11 64 64 CD 33589 544 12 Chinese chinese JJ 33589 544 13 architecture architecture NN 33589 544 14 , , , 33589 544 15 13 13 CD 33589 544 16 Christian christian JJ 33589 544 17 architecture architecture NN 33589 544 18 , , , 33589 544 19 Early early JJ 33589 544 20 , , , 33589 544 21 31 31 CD 33589 544 22 Churches Churches NNPS 33589 544 23 , , , 33589 544 24 Anglo Anglo NNP 33589 544 25 - - HYPH 33589 544 26 Norman Norman NNP 33589 544 27 , , , 33589 544 28 54 54 CD 33589 544 29 Anglo Anglo NNP 33589 544 30 - - HYPH 33589 544 31 Saxon Saxon NNP 33589 544 32 , , , 33589 544 33 53 53 CD 33589 544 34 Byzantine byzantine JJ 33589 544 35 , , , 33589 544 36 37 37 CD 33589 544 37 Early early JJ 33589 544 38 Christian Christian NNP 33589 544 39 , , , 33589 544 40 31 31 CD 33589 544 41 Gothic Gothic NNP 33589 544 42 , , , 33589 544 43 62 62 CD 33589 544 44 , , , 33589 544 45 68 68 CD 33589 544 46 , , , 33589 544 47 76 76 CD 33589 544 48 Renaissance Renaissance NNP 33589 544 49 , , , 33589 544 50 84 84 CD 33589 544 51 Romanesque Romanesque NNP 33589 544 52 , , , 33589 544 53 47 47 CD 33589 544 54 Coliseum Coliseum NNP 33589 544 55 , , , 33589 544 56 29 29 CD 33589 544 57 Cologne Cologne NNP 33589 544 58 Cathedral Cathedral NNP 33589 544 59 , , , 33589 544 60 70 70 CD 33589 544 61 Coptic coptic JJ 33589 544 62 architecture architecture NN 33589 544 63 , , , 33589 544 64 35 35 CD 33589 544 65 Corinthian corinthian JJ 33589 544 66 style style NN 33589 544 67 , , , 33589 544 68 16 16 CD 33589 544 69 , , , 33589 544 70 18 18 CD 33589 544 71 , , , 33589 544 72 21 21 CD 33589 544 73 Doric doric JJ 33589 544 74 style style NN 33589 544 75 , , , 33589 544 76 16 16 CD 33589 544 77 , , , 33589 544 78 18 18 CD 33589 544 79 - - SYM 33589 544 80 21 21 CD 33589 544 81 Durham Durham NNP 33589 544 82 Cathedral Cathedral NNP 33589 544 83 , , , 33589 544 84 58 58 CD 33589 544 85 Egyptian egyptian JJ 33589 544 86 architecture architecture NN 33589 544 87 , , , 33589 544 88 7 7 CD 33589 544 89 Etruscan etruscan JJ 33589 544 90 architecture architecture NN 33589 544 91 , , , 33589 544 92 22 22 CD 33589 544 93 Flamboyant flamboyant JJ 33589 544 94 Gothic Gothic NNP 33589 544 95 style style NN 33589 544 96 , , , 33589 544 97 62 62 CD 33589 544 98 , , , 33589 544 99 65 65 CD 33589 544 100 , , , 33589 544 101 67 67 CD 33589 544 102 Gothic gothic JJ 33589 544 103 style style NN 33589 544 104 , , , 33589 544 105 50 50 CD 33589 544 106 , , , 33589 544 107 60 60 CD 33589 544 108 British british JJ 33589 544 109 , , , 33589 544 110 72 72 CD 33589 544 111 Decorated decorate VBN 33589 544 112 , , , 33589 544 113 73 73 CD 33589 544 114 , , , 33589 544 115 74 74 CD 33589 544 116 , , , 33589 544 117 78 78 CD 33589 544 118 , , , 33589 544 119 79 79 CD 33589 544 120 , , , 33589 544 121 80 80 CD 33589 544 122 Early early JJ 33589 544 123 English English NNP 33589 544 124 , , , 33589 544 125 73 73 CD 33589 544 126 , , , 33589 544 127 78 78 CD 33589 544 128 , , , 33589 544 129 79 79 CD 33589 544 130 French French NNP 33589 544 131 , , , 33589 544 132 62 62 CD 33589 544 133 German german JJ 33589 544 134 , , , 33589 544 135 70 70 CD 33589 544 136 Italian italian JJ 33589 544 137 , , , 33589 544 138 69 69 CD 33589 544 139 Perpendicular Perpendicular NNP 33589 544 140 , , , 33589 544 141 73 73 CD 33589 544 142 , , , 33589 544 143 75 75 CD 33589 544 144 , , , 33589 544 145 80 80 CD 33589 544 146 , , , 33589 544 147 81 81 CD 33589 544 148 Spanish spanish JJ 33589 544 149 , , , 33589 544 150 68 68 CD 33589 544 151 Greek greek JJ 33589 544 152 architecture architecture NN 33589 544 153 , , , 33589 544 154 13 13 CD 33589 544 155 Hindu Hindu NNP 33589 544 156 architecture architecture NN 33589 544 157 , , , 33589 544 158 12 12 CD 33589 544 159 Indian indian JJ 33589 544 160 architecture architecture NN 33589 544 161 , , , 33589 544 162 11 11 CD 33589 544 163 Ionic ionic JJ 33589 544 164 style style NN 33589 544 165 , , , 33589 544 166 16 16 CD 33589 544 167 , , , 33589 544 168 18 18 CD 33589 544 169 , , , 33589 544 170 21 21 CD 33589 544 171 Jones Jones NNP 33589 544 172 , , , 33589 544 173 Inigo Inigo NNP 33589 544 174 , , , 33589 544 175 90 90 CD 33589 544 176 Keystone Keystone NNP 33589 544 177 , , , 33589 544 178 vi vi NNP 33589 544 179 Lâts Lâts NNP 33589 544 180 , , , 33589 544 181 11 11 CD 33589 544 182 Lintel Lintel NNP 33589 544 183 , , , 33589 544 184 vi vi NNP 33589 544 185 Mansions Mansions NNP 33589 544 186 , , , 33589 544 187 English English NNP 33589 544 188 Renaissance Renaissance NNP 33589 544 189 , , , 33589 544 190 90 90 CD 33589 544 191 Mastabas mastaba NNS 33589 544 192 , , , 33589 544 193 7 7 CD 33589 544 194 , , , 33589 544 195 10 10 CD 33589 544 196 Materials material NNS 33589 544 197 employed employ VBN 33589 544 198 , , , 33589 544 199 v v NN 33589 544 200 , , , 33589 544 201 9 9 CD 33589 544 202 , , , 33589 544 203 23 23 CD 33589 544 204 Mosques Mosques NNPS 33589 544 205 , , , 33589 544 206 40 40 CD 33589 544 207 Nineveh Nineveh NNP 33589 544 208 , , , 33589 544 209 10 10 CD 33589 544 210 Norman Norman NNP 33589 544 211 style style NN 33589 544 212 , , , 33589 544 213 54 54 CD 33589 544 214 Notre Notre NNP 33589 544 215 Dame Dame NNP 33589 544 216 of of IN 33589 544 217 Paris Paris NNP 33589 544 218 , , , 33589 544 219 63 63 CD 33589 544 220 Palaces Palaces NNPS 33589 544 221 , , , 33589 544 222 Greek Greek NNP 33589 544 223 , , , 33589 544 224 14 14 CD 33589 544 225 Persian Persian NNP 33589 544 226 , , , 33589 544 227 10 10 CD 33589 544 228 Palaces Palaces NNPS 33589 544 229 , , , 33589 544 230 Renaissance Renaissance NNP 33589 544 231 , , , 33589 544 232 86 86 CD 33589 544 233 Roman Roman NNP 33589 544 234 , , , 33589 544 235 29 29 CD 33589 544 236 Pantheon Pantheon NNP 33589 544 237 , , , 33589 544 238 26 26 CD 33589 544 239 Parthenon Parthenon NNP 33589 544 240 , , , 33589 544 241 19 19 CD 33589 544 242 Persian persian JJ 33589 544 243 architecture architecture NN 33589 544 244 , , , 33589 544 245 9 9 CD 33589 544 246 , , , 33589 544 247 10 10 CD 33589 544 248 Peruvian peruvian JJ 33589 544 249 architecture architecture NN 33589 544 250 , , , 33589 544 251 13 13 CD 33589 544 252 Pyramids pyramid NNS 33589 544 253 , , , 33589 544 254 7 7 CD 33589 544 255 Rayonnant Rayonnant NNP 33589 544 256 Gothic Gothic NNP 33589 544 257 style style NN 33589 544 258 , , , 33589 544 259 62 62 CD 33589 544 260 , , , 33589 544 261 67 67 CD 33589 544 262 Renaissance Renaissance NNP 33589 544 263 style style NN 33589 544 264 British british JJ 33589 544 265 , , , 33589 544 266 88 88 CD 33589 544 267 European european JJ 33589 544 268 , , , 33589 544 269 83 83 CD 33589 544 270 French french JJ 33589 544 271 , , , 33589 544 272 87 87 CD 33589 544 273 Italian italian JJ 33589 544 274 , , , 33589 544 275 83 83 CD 33589 544 276 Rococo Rococo NNP 33589 544 277 style style NN 33589 544 278 , , , 33589 544 279 88 88 CD 33589 544 280 Roman roman JJ 33589 544 281 architecture architecture NN 33589 544 282 , , , 33589 544 283 22 22 CD 33589 544 284 Romanesque romanesque JJ 33589 544 285 style style NN 33589 544 286 , , , 33589 544 287 45 45 CD 33589 544 288 Roofing roofing NN 33589 544 289 , , , 33589 544 290 arcuated arcuate VBN 33589 544 291 and and CC 33589 544 292 trabeated trabeate VBN 33589 544 293 , , , 33589 544 294 vi vi NNP 33589 544 295 S. S. NNP 33589 544 296 Ambrogio Ambrogio NNP 33589 544 297 , , , 33589 544 298 Milan Milan NNP 33589 544 299 , , , 33589 544 300 48 48 CD 33589 544 301 S. S. NNP 33589 544 302 Marco Marco NNP 33589 544 303 , , , 33589 544 304 Venice Venice NNP 33589 544 305 , , , 33589 544 306 39 39 CD 33589 544 307 S. S. NNP 33589 544 308 Paul Paul NNP 33589 544 309 's 's POS 33589 544 310 Cathedral Cathedral NNP 33589 544 311 , , , 33589 544 312 91 91 CD 33589 544 313 S. S. NNP 33589 544 314 Peter Peter NNP 33589 544 315 's 's POS 33589 544 316 Cathedral Cathedral NNP 33589 544 317 , , , 33589 544 318 Rome Rome NNP 33589 544 319 , , , 33589 544 320 84 84 CD 33589 544 321 S. S. NNP 33589 544 322 Sophia Sophia NNP 33589 544 323 , , , 33589 544 324 Constantinople Constantinople NNP 33589 544 325 , , , 33589 544 326 38 38 CD 33589 544 327 Saracenic saracenic NN 33589 544 328 architecture architecture NN 33589 544 329 , , , 33589 544 330 40 40 CD 33589 544 331 Stambhas stambha NNS 33589 544 332 , , , 33589 544 333 11 11 CD 33589 544 334 Stupas stupa NNS 33589 544 335 , , , 33589 544 336 11 11 CD 33589 544 337 Taj Taj NNP 33589 544 338 Mahal Mahal NNP 33589 544 339 , , , 33589 544 340 44 44 CD 33589 544 341 Temples temple NNS 33589 544 342 , , , 33589 544 343 Babylonian Babylonian NNP 33589 544 344 , , , 33589 544 345 10 10 CD 33589 544 346 Egyptian egyptian JJ 33589 544 347 , , , 33589 544 348 8 8 CD 33589 544 349 Greek Greek NNP 33589 544 350 , , , 33589 544 351 15 15 CD 33589 544 352 , , , 33589 544 353 18 18 CD 33589 544 354 Indian indian JJ 33589 544 355 , , , 33589 544 356 11 11 CD 33589 544 357 Tombs Tombs NNPS 33589 544 358 , , , 33589 544 359 Egyptian Egyptian NNP 33589 544 360 , , , 33589 544 361 7 7 CD 33589 544 362 Greek Greek NNP 33589 544 363 , , , 33589 544 364 21 21 CD 33589 544 365 Persian Persian NNP 33589 544 366 , , , 33589 544 367 10 10 CD 33589 544 368 Topes tope NNS 33589 544 369 , , , 33589 544 370 11 11 CD 33589 544 371 Tudor Tudor NNP 33589 544 372 style style NN 33589 544 373 , , , 33589 544 374 73 73 CD 33589 544 375 , , , 33589 544 376 76 76 CD 33589 544 377 Tuscan tuscan JJ 33589 544 378 style style NN 33589 544 379 , , , 33589 544 380 24 24 CD 33589 544 381 Vaulting Vaulting NNP 33589 544 382 , , , 33589 544 383 Gothic Gothic NNP 33589 544 384 , , , 33589 544 385 61 61 CD 33589 544 386 Roman roman JJ 33589 544 387 , , , 33589 544 388 24 24 CD 33589 544 389 Romanesque Romanesque NNP 33589 544 390 , , , 33589 544 391 45 45 CD 33589 544 392 Viharas Viharas NNP 33589 544 393 , , , 33589 544 394 11 11 CD 33589 544 395 Voussoirs voussoir NNS 33589 544 396 , , , 33589 544 397 vi vi NNP 33589 544 398 Westminster Westminster NNP 33589 544 399 Abbey Abbey NNP 33589 544 400 , , , 33589 544 401 76 76 CD 33589 544 402 , , , 33589 544 403 78 78 CD 33589 544 404 , , , 33589 544 405 81 81 CD 33589 544 406 Wren Wren NNP 33589 544 407 , , , 33589 544 408 Sir Sir NNP 33589 544 409 Christopher Christopher NNP 33589 544 410 , , , 33589 544 411 90 90 CD 33589 544 412 THE the DT 33589 544 413 PEOPLE PEOPLE NNS 33589 544 414 'S 's POS 33589 544 415 BOOKS BOOKS NNP 33589 544 416 General General NNP 33589 544 417 Editor Editor NNP 33589 544 418 -- -- : 33589 544 419 H. H. NNP 33589 544 420 C. C. NNP 33589 544 421 O'NEILL O'NEILL NNP 33589 544 422 " " '' 33589 544 423 With with IN 33589 544 424 the the DT 33589 544 425 ' ' `` 33589 544 426 People People NNPS 33589 544 427 's 's POS 33589 544 428 Books Books NNPS 33589 544 429 ' ' '' 33589 544 430 in in IN 33589 544 431 hand hand NN 33589 544 432 there there EX 33589 544 433 should should MD 33589 544 434 be be VB 33589 544 435 nobody nobody NN 33589 544 436 of of IN 33589 544 437 average average JJ 33589 544 438 intelligence intelligence NN 33589 544 439 unable unable JJ 33589 544 440 to to TO 33589 544 441 secure secure VB 33589 544 442 self self NN 33589 544 443 - - HYPH 33589 544 444 education education NN 33589 544 445 . . . 33589 544 446 " " '' 33589 545 1 --_Sunday --_Sunday NNP 33589 545 2 Times Times NNP 33589 545 3 . . . 33589 545 4 _ _ NNP 33589 545 5 NOW now RB 33589 545 6 READY READY NNP 33589 545 7 ( ( -LRB- 33589 545 8 February February NNP 33589 545 9 1914 1914 CD 33589 545 10 ) ) -RRB- 33589 545 11 THE the DT 33589 545 12 FIRST FIRST NNP 33589 545 13 NINETY NINETY NNP 33589 545 14 - - HYPH 33589 545 15 SIX SIX NNP 33589 545 16 VOLUMES VOLUMES NNP 33589 545 17 1 1 CD 33589 545 18 . . . 33589 546 1 The the DT 33589 546 2 Foundations foundation NNS 33589 546 3 of of IN 33589 546 4 Science Science NNP 33589 546 5 By by IN 33589 546 6 W. W. NNP 33589 546 7 C. C. NNP 33589 546 8 D. D. NNP 33589 546 9 Whetham Whetham NNP 33589 546 10 , , , 33589 546 11 M.A. M.A. NNP 33589 546 12 , , , 33589 546 13 F.R.S. F.R.S. NNP 33589 547 1 2 2 LS 33589 547 2 . . . 33589 548 1 Embryology—The Embryology—The NNP 33589 548 2 Beginnings beginning NNS 33589 548 3 of of IN 33589 548 4 Life Life NNP 33589 548 5 By by IN 33589 548 6 Prof. Prof. NNP 33589 548 7 Gerald Gerald NNP 33589 548 8 Leighton Leighton NNP 33589 548 9 , , , 33589 548 10 M.D. M.D. NNP 33589 549 1 3 3 LS 33589 549 2 . . . 33589 550 1 Biology Biology NNP 33589 550 2 By By NNP 33589 550 3 Prof. Prof. NNP 33589 550 4 W. W. NNP 33589 550 5 D. D. NNP 33589 550 6 Henderson Henderson NNP 33589 550 7 , , , 33589 550 8 M.A. M.A. NNP 33589 551 1 4 4 LS 33589 551 2 . . . 33589 552 1 Zoology zoology NN 33589 552 2 : : : 33589 552 3 The the DT 33589 552 4 Study Study NNP 33589 552 5 of of IN 33589 552 6 Animal Animal NNP 33589 552 7 Life Life NNP 33589 552 8 By By NNP 33589 552 9 Prof. Prof. NNP 33589 552 10 E. E. NNP 33589 552 11 W. W. NNP 33589 552 12 MacBride MacBride NNP 33589 552 13 , , , 33589 552 14 M.A. M.A. NNP 33589 552 15 , , , 33589 552 16 F.R.S. F.R.S. NNP 33589 553 1 5 5 CD 33589 553 2 . . . 33589 554 1 Botany botany VB 33589 554 2 ; ; : 33589 554 3 The the DT 33589 554 4 Modern Modern NNP 33589 554 5 Study Study NNP 33589 554 6 of of IN 33589 554 7 Plants Plants NNPS 33589 554 8 By By NNP 33589 554 9 M. M. NNP 33589 554 10 C. C. NNP 33589 554 11 Stopes Stopes NNP 33589 554 12 , , , 33589 554 13 D.Sc D.Sc NNP 33589 554 14 . . NNP 33589 554 15 , , , 33589 554 16 Ph.D. Ph.D. NNP 33589 554 17 , , , 33589 554 18 F.L.S. F.L.S. NNP 33589 555 1 7 7 LS 33589 555 2 . . . 33589 556 1 The the DT 33589 556 2 Structure structure NN 33589 556 3 of of IN 33589 556 4 the the DT 33589 556 5 Earth Earth NNP 33589 556 6 By by IN 33589 556 7 Prof. Prof. NNP 33589 556 8 T. T. NNP 33589 556 9 G. G. NNP 33589 556 10 Bonney Bonney NNP 33589 556 11 , , , 33589 556 12 F.R.S. F.R.S. NNP 33589 557 1 8 8 LS 33589 557 2 . . . 33589 558 1 Evolution Evolution NNP 33589 558 2 By by IN 33589 558 3 E. E. NNP 33589 558 4 S. S. NNP 33589 558 5 Goodrich Goodrich NNP 33589 558 6 , , , 33589 558 7 M.A. M.A. NNP 33589 558 8 , , , 33589 558 9 F.R.S. F.R.S. NNP 33589 559 1 10 10 CD 33589 559 2 . . . 33589 560 1 Heredity Heredity NNP 33589 560 2 By by IN 33589 560 3 J. J. NNP 33589 561 1 A. A. NNP 33589 561 2 S. S. NNP 33589 561 3 Watson Watson NNP 33589 561 4 , , , 33589 561 5 B.Sc B.Sc NNP 33589 561 6 . . . 33589 562 1 11 11 CD 33589 562 2 . . . 33589 563 1 Inorganic Inorganic NNP 33589 563 2 Chemistry Chemistry NNP 33589 563 3 By By NNP 33589 563 4 Prof. Prof. NNP 33589 563 5 E. E. NNP 33589 563 6 C. C. NNP 33589 563 7 C. C. NNP 33589 563 8 Baly Baly NNP 33589 563 9 , , , 33589 563 10 F.R.S. F.R.S. NNP 33589 564 1 12 12 CD 33589 564 2 . . . 33589 565 1 Organic organic JJ 33589 565 2 Chemistry Chemistry NNP 33589 565 3 By by IN 33589 565 4 Prof. Prof. NNP 33589 565 5 J. J. NNP 33589 566 1 B. B. NNP 33589 566 2 Cohen Cohen NNP 33589 566 3 , , , 33589 566 4 B.Sc B.Sc NNP 33589 566 5 . . NNP 33589 566 6 , , , 33589 566 7 F.R.S. F.R.S. NNP 33589 567 1 13 13 CD 33589 567 2 . . . 33589 568 1 The the DT 33589 568 2 Principles principle NNS 33589 568 3 of of IN 33589 568 4 Electricity Electricity NNP 33589 568 5 By by IN 33589 568 6 Norman Norman NNP 33589 568 7 R. R. NNP 33589 568 8 Campbell Campbell NNP 33589 568 9 , , , 33589 568 10 M.A. M.A. NNP 33589 569 1 14 14 CD 33589 569 2 . . . 33589 570 1 Radiation Radiation NNP 33589 570 2 By by IN 33589 570 3 P. P. NNP 33589 570 4 Phillips Phillips NNP 33589 570 5 , , , 33589 570 6 D.Sc D.Sc NNP 33589 570 7 . . . 33589 571 1 15 15 CD 33589 571 2 . . . 33589 572 1 The the DT 33589 572 2 Science Science NNP 33589 572 3 of of IN 33589 572 4 the the DT 33589 572 5 Stars Stars NNPS 33589 572 6 By by IN 33589 572 7 E. E. NNP 33589 572 8 W. W. NNP 33589 572 9 Maunder Maunder NNP 33589 572 10 , , , 33589 572 11 F.R.A.S. F.R.A.S. NNP 33589 573 1 16 16 CD 33589 573 2 . . . 33589 574 1 The the DT 33589 574 2 Science Science NNP 33589 574 3 of of IN 33589 574 4 Light Light NNP 33589 574 5 By by IN 33589 574 6 P. P. NNP 33589 574 7 Phillips Phillips NNP 33589 574 8 . . . 33589 575 1 D.Sc D.Sc NNP 33589 575 2 . . . 33589 576 1 17 17 CD 33589 576 2 . . . 33589 577 1 Weather weather VB 33589 577 2 Science Science NNP 33589 577 3 By by IN 33589 577 4 R. R. NNP 33589 577 5 G. G. NNP 33589 577 6 K. K. NNP 33589 577 7 Lempfert Lempfert NNP 33589 577 8 , , , 33589 577 9 M.A. M.A. NNP 33589 578 1 18 18 CD 33589 578 2 . . . 33589 579 1 Hypnotism Hypnotism NNP 33589 579 2 and and CC 33589 579 3 Self Self NNP 33589 579 4 - - HYPH 33589 579 5 Education Education NNP 33589 579 6 By by IN 33589 579 7 A. a. NN 33589 579 8 M. M. NNP 33589 579 9 Hutchison Hutchison NNP 33589 579 10 , , , 33589 579 11 M.D. M.D. NNP 33589 580 1 19 19 CD 33589 580 2 . . . 33589 581 1 The the DT 33589 581 2 Baby baby NN 33589 581 3 : : : 33589 581 4 A A NNP 33589 581 5 Mother Mother NNP 33589 581 6 's 's POS 33589 581 7 Book Book NNP 33589 581 8 By by IN 33589 581 9 a a DT 33589 581 10 University University NNP 33589 581 11 Woman Woman NNP 33589 581 12 . . . 33589 582 1 20 20 CD 33589 582 2 . . . 33589 583 1 Youth youth NN 33589 583 2 and and CC 33589 583 3 Sex—Dangers sex—danger NNS 33589 583 4 and and CC 33589 583 5 Safeguards Safeguards NNPS 33589 583 6 for for IN 33589 583 7 Boys Boys NNPS 33589 583 8 and and CC 33589 583 9 Girls Girls NNPS 33589 583 10 By by IN 33589 583 11 Mary Mary NNP 33589 583 12 Scharlieb Scharlieb NNP 33589 583 13 , , , 33589 583 14 M.D. M.D. NNP 33589 583 15 , , , 33589 583 16 M.S. M.S. NNP 33589 583 17 , , , 33589 583 18 and and CC 33589 583 19 F. F. NNP 33589 583 20 Arthur Arthur NNP 33589 583 21 Sibly Sibly NNP 33589 583 22 , , , 33589 583 23 M.A. M.A. NNP 33589 583 24 , , , 33589 583 25 LL.D. LL.D. NNP 33589 584 1 21 21 CD 33589 584 2 . . . 33589 585 1 Marriage marriage NN 33589 585 2 and and CC 33589 585 3 Motherhood Motherhood NNP 33589 585 4 By By NNP 33589 585 5 H. H. NNP 33589 585 6 S. S. NNP 33589 585 7 Davidson Davidson NNP 33589 585 8 , , , 33589 585 9 M.B. M.B. NNP 33589 585 10 , , , 33589 585 11 F.R.C.S.E. f.r.c.s.e. ADD 33589 586 1 22 22 CD 33589 586 2 . . . 33589 587 1 Lord Lord NNP 33589 587 2 Kelvin Kelvin NNP 33589 587 3 By by IN 33589 587 4 A. a. NN 33589 587 5 Russell Russell NNP 33589 587 6 , , , 33589 587 7 M.A. M.A. NNP 33589 587 8 , , , 33589 587 9 D.Sc D.Sc NNP 33589 587 10 . . NNP 33589 587 11 , , , 33589 587 12 M.I.E.E. M.I.E.E. NNP 33589 588 1 23 23 CD 33589 588 2 . . . 33589 589 1 Huxley Huxley NNP 33589 589 2 By by IN 33589 589 3 Professor Professor NNP 33589 589 4 G. G. NNP 33589 589 5 Leighton Leighton NNP 33589 589 6 , , , 33589 589 7 M.D. M.D. NNP 33589 590 1 24 24 CD 33589 590 2 . . . 33589 591 1 Sir Sir NNP 33589 591 2 William William NNP 33589 591 3 Huggins Huggins NNP 33589 591 4 and and CC 33589 591 5 Spectroscopic Spectroscopic NNP 33589 591 6 Astronomy Astronomy NNP 33589 591 7 By by IN 33589 591 8 E. E. NNP 33589 591 9 W. W. NNP 33589 591 10 Maunder Maunder NNP 33589 591 11 , , , 33589 591 12 F.R.A.S. F.R.A.S. NNP 33589 591 13 , , , 33589 591 14 of of IN 33589 591 15 the the DT 33589 591 16 Royal Royal NNP 33589 591 17 Observatory Observatory NNP 33589 591 18 , , , 33589 591 19 Greenwich Greenwich NNP 33589 591 20 . . . 33589 592 1 26 26 CD 33589 592 2 . . . 33589 593 1 Henri Henri NNP 33589 593 2 Bergson Bergson NNP 33589 593 3 By by IN 33589 593 4 H. H. NNP 33589 593 5 Wildon Wildon NNP 33589 593 6 Carr Carr NNP 33589 593 7 , , , 33589 593 8 Litt Litt NNP 33589 593 9 . . . 33589 593 10 D. D. NNP 33589 594 1 27 27 CD 33589 594 2 . . . 33589 595 1 Psychology psychology NN 33589 595 2 By by IN 33589 595 3 H. H. NNP 33589 595 4 J. J. NNP 33589 595 5 Watt Watt NNP 33589 595 6 , , , 33589 595 7 M.A. M.A. NNP 33589 595 8 , , , 33589 595 9 Ph.D. ph.d. NN 33589 595 10 , , , 33589 595 11 D.Phil D.Phil NNP 33589 595 12 . . . 33589 596 1 28 28 CD 33589 596 2 . . . 33589 597 1 Ethics ethic NNS 33589 597 2 By by IN 33589 597 3 Canon Canon NNP 33589 597 4 Rashdall Rashdall NNP 33589 597 5 , , , 33589 597 6 D.Litt D.Litt NNP 33589 597 7 . . NNP 33589 597 8 , , , 33589 597 9 F.B.A. F.B.A. NNP 33589 598 1 29 29 CD 33589 598 2 . . . 33589 599 1 Kant Kant NNP 33589 599 2 's 's POS 33589 599 3 Philosophy Philosophy NNP 33589 599 4 By by IN 33589 599 5 A. a. NN 33589 599 6 D. D. NNP 33589 599 7 Lindsay Lindsay NNP 33589 599 8 , , , 33589 599 9 M.A. M.A. NNP 33589 600 1 of of IN 33589 600 2 Balliol Balliol NNP 33589 600 3 College College NNP 33589 600 4 , , , 33589 600 5 Oxford Oxford NNP 33589 600 6 . . . 33589 601 1 32 32 CD 33589 601 2 . . . 33589 602 1 Roman roman JJ 33589 602 2 Catholicism Catholicism NNP 33589 602 3 By by IN 33589 602 4 H. H. NNP 33589 602 5 B. B. NNP 33589 602 6 Coxon Coxon NNP 33589 602 7 . . . 33589 603 1 Preface Preface NNP 33589 603 2 , , , 33589 603 3 Mgr Mgr NNP 33589 603 4 . . . 33589 604 1 R. R. NNP 33589 604 2 H. H. NNP 33589 604 3 Benson Benson NNP 33589 604 4 . . . 33589 605 1 33 33 CD 33589 605 2 . . . 33589 606 1 The the DT 33589 606 2 Oxford Oxford NNP 33589 606 3 Movement Movement NNP 33589 606 4 By by IN 33589 606 5 Wilfrid Wilfrid NNP 33589 606 6 Ward Ward NNP 33589 606 7 . . . 33589 607 1 34 34 CD 33589 607 2 . . . 33589 608 1 The the DT 33589 608 2 Bible Bible NNP 33589 608 3 and and CC 33589 608 4 Criticism Criticism NNP 33589 608 5 By by IN 33589 608 6 W. W. NNP 33589 608 7 H. H. NNP 33589 608 8 Bennett Bennett NNP 33589 608 9 , , , 33589 608 10 D.D. D.D. NNP 33589 608 11 , , , 33589 608 12 Litt Litt NNP 33589 608 13 . . . 33589 608 14 D. D. NNP 33589 608 15 , , , 33589 608 16 and and CC 33589 608 17 W. W. NNP 33589 608 18 F. F. NNP 33589 608 19 Adeney Adeney NNP 33589 608 20 , , , 33589 608 21 D.D. D.D. NNP 33589 609 1 36 36 CD 33589 609 2 . . . 33589 610 1 The the DT 33589 610 2 Growth Growth NNP 33589 610 3 of of IN 33589 610 4 Freedom Freedom NNP 33589 610 5 By By NNP 33589 610 6 H. H. NNP 33589 610 7 W. W. NNP 33589 610 8 Nevinson Nevinson NNP 33589 610 9 . . . 33589 611 1 37 37 CD 33589 611 2 . . . 33589 612 1 Bismarck Bismarck NNP 33589 612 2 and and CC 33589 612 3 the the DT 33589 612 4 Origin Origin NNP 33589 612 5 of of IN 33589 612 6 the the DT 33589 612 7 German German NNP 33589 612 8 Empire Empire NNP 33589 612 9 Professor Professor NNP 33589 612 10 F. F. NNP 33589 612 11 M. M. NNP 33589 612 12 Powicke Powicke NNP 33589 612 13 . . . 33589 613 1 38 38 CD 33589 613 2 . . . 33589 614 1 Oliver Oliver NNP 33589 614 2 Cromwell Cromwell NNP 33589 614 3 By by IN 33589 614 4 Hilda Hilda NNP 33589 614 5 Johnstone Johnstone NNP 33589 614 6 , , , 33589 614 7 M.A. M.A. NNP 33589 615 1 39 39 CD 33589 615 2 . . . 33589 616 1 Mary Mary NNP 33589 616 2 Queen Queen NNP 33589 616 3 of of IN 33589 616 4 Scots Scots NNPS 33589 616 5 By by IN 33589 616 6 E. E. NNP 33589 616 7 O'Neill O'Neill NNP 33589 616 8 , , , 33589 616 9 M.A. M.A. NNP 33589 617 1 40 40 CD 33589 617 2 . . . 33589 618 1 Cecil Cecil NNP 33589 618 2 John John NNP 33589 618 3 Rhodes Rhodes NNP 33589 618 4 , , , 33589 618 5 1853 1853 CD 33589 618 6 - - SYM 33589 618 7 1902 1902 CD 33589 618 8 By by IN 33589 618 9 Ian Ian NNP 33589 618 10 D. D. NNP 33589 618 11 Colvin Colvin NNP 33589 618 12 . . . 33589 619 1 41 41 CD 33589 619 2 . . . 33589 620 1 Julius Julius NNP 33589 620 2 Cæsar Cæsar NNP 33589 620 3 By by IN 33589 620 4 Hilary Hilary NNP 33589 620 5 Hardinge Hardinge NNP 33589 620 6 . . . 33589 621 1 42 42 CD 33589 621 2 . . . 33589 622 1 England England NNP 33589 622 2 in in IN 33589 622 3 the the DT 33589 622 4 Making Making NNP 33589 622 5 By By NNP 33589 622 6 Prof. Prof. NNP 33589 622 7 F. F. NNP 33589 622 8 J. J. NNP 33589 622 9 C. C. NNP 33589 622 10 Hearnshaw Hearnshaw NNP 33589 622 11 , , , 33589 622 12 M.A. M.A. NNP 33589 622 13 , , , 33589 622 14 LL.D. LL.D. NNP 33589 623 1 43 43 CD 33589 623 2 . . . 33589 624 1 England England NNP 33589 624 2 in in IN 33589 624 3 the the DT 33589 624 4 Middle Middle NNP 33589 624 5 Ages Ages NNPS 33589 624 6 By by IN 33589 624 7 E. E. NNP 33589 624 8 O'Neill O'Neill NNP 33589 624 9 , , , 33589 624 10 M.A. M.A. NNP 33589 625 1 44 44 CD 33589 625 2 . . . 33589 626 1 The the DT 33589 626 2 Monarchy Monarchy NNP 33589 626 3 and and CC 33589 626 4 the the DT 33589 626 5 People People NNPS 33589 626 6 By by IN 33589 626 7 W. W. NNP 33589 626 8 T. T. NNP 33589 626 9 Waugh Waugh NNP 33589 626 10 , , , 33589 626 11 M.A. M.A. NNP 33589 627 1 45 45 CD 33589 627 2 . . . 33589 628 1 The the DT 33589 628 2 Industrial Industrial NNP 33589 628 3 Revolution Revolution NNP 33589 628 4 By by IN 33589 628 5 Arthur Arthur NNP 33589 628 6 Jones Jones NNP 33589 628 7 , , , 33589 628 8 M.A. M.A. NNP 33589 629 1 46 46 CD 33589 629 2 . . . 33589 630 1 Empire empire NN 33589 630 2 and and CC 33589 630 3 Democracy Democracy NNP 33589 630 4 By By NNP 33589 630 5 G. G. NNP 33589 630 6 S. S. NNP 33589 630 7 Veitch Veitch NNP 33589 630 8 , , , 33589 630 9 M.A. M.A. NNP 33589 630 10 , , , 33589 630 11 Litt Litt NNP 33589 630 12 . . . 33589 630 13 D. D. NNP 33589 631 1 47 47 CD 33589 631 2 . . . 33589 632 1 Women woman NNS 33589 632 2 's 's POS 33589 632 3 Suffrage Suffrage NNP 33589 632 4 By by IN 33589 632 5 M. M. NNP 33589 632 6 G. G. NNP 33589 632 7 Fawcett Fawcett NNP 33589 632 8 , , , 33589 632 9 LL.D. LL.D. NNP 33589 633 1 51 51 CD 33589 633 2 . . . 33589 634 1 Shakespeare Shakespeare NNP 33589 634 2 By by IN 33589 634 3 Prof. Prof. NNP 33589 634 4 C. C. NNP 33589 634 5 H. H. NNP 33589 634 6 Herford Herford NNP 33589 634 7 , , , 33589 634 8 Litt Litt NNP 33589 634 9 . . . 33589 635 1 D. D. NNP 33589 635 2 52 52 CD 33589 635 3 . . . 33589 636 1 Wordsworth Wordsworth NNP 33589 636 2 By by IN 33589 636 3 Rosaline Rosaline NNP 33589 636 4 Masson Masson NNP 33589 636 5 . . . 33589 637 1 53 53 CD 33589 637 2 . . . 33589 638 1 Pure pure JJ 33589 638 2 Gold—A Gold—A NNP 33589 638 3 Choice Choice NNP 33589 638 4 of of IN 33589 638 5 Lyrics Lyrics NNPS 33589 638 6 and and CC 33589 638 7 Sonnets Sonnets NNPS 33589 638 8 By by IN 33589 638 9 H. H. NNP 33589 638 10 C. C. NNP 33589 638 11 O'Neill O'Neill NNP 33589 638 12 . . . 33589 639 1 54 54 CD 33589 639 2 . . . 33589 640 1 Francis Francis NNP 33589 640 2 Bacon Bacon NNP 33589 640 3 By by IN 33589 640 4 Prof. Prof. NNP 33589 640 5 A. a. NN 33589 640 6 R. R. NNP 33589 640 7 Skemp Skemp NNP 33589 640 8 , , , 33589 640 9 M.A. M.A. NNP 33589 641 1 55 55 CD 33589 641 2 . . . 33589 642 1 The the DT 33589 642 2 Brontës Brontës NNP 33589 642 3 By by IN 33589 642 4 Flora Flora NNP 33589 642 5 Masson Masson NNP 33589 642 6 . . . 33589 643 1 56 56 CD 33589 643 2 . . . 33589 644 1 Carlyle Carlyle NNP 33589 644 2 By by IN 33589 644 3 L. L. NNP 33589 644 4 MacLean MacLean NNP 33589 644 5 Watt Watt NNP 33589 644 6 . . . 33589 645 1 57 57 CD 33589 645 2 . . . 33589 646 1 Dante Dante NNP 33589 646 2 By by IN 33589 646 3 A. a. NN 33589 646 4 G. G. NNP 33589 646 5 Ferrers Ferrers NNP 33589 646 6 Howell Howell NNP 33589 646 7 . . . 33589 647 1 60 60 CD 33589 647 2 . . . 33589 648 1 A a DT 33589 648 2 Dictionary Dictionary NNP 33589 648 3 of of IN 33589 648 4 Synonyms Synonyms NNP 33589 648 5 By by IN 33589 648 6 Austin Austin NNP 33589 648 7 K. K. NNP 33589 648 8 Gray Gray NNP 33589 648 9 , , , 33589 648 10 B.A. B.A. NNP 33589 649 1 61 61 CD 33589 649 2 . . . 33589 650 1 Home home NN 33589 650 2 Rule Rule NNP 33589 650 3 By by IN 33589 650 4 L. L. NNP 33589 650 5 G. G. NNP 33589 650 6 Redmond Redmond NNP 33589 650 7 Howard Howard NNP 33589 650 8 . . . 33589 651 1 Preface preface NN 33589 651 2 by by IN 33589 651 3 Robert Robert NNP 33589 651 4 Harcourt Harcourt NNP 33589 651 5 , , , 33589 651 6 M.P. M.P. NNP 33589 652 1 62 62 CD 33589 652 2 . . . 33589 653 1 Practical Practical NNP 33589 653 2 Astronomy Astronomy NNP 33589 653 3 By By NNP 33589 653 4 H. H. NNP 33589 653 5 Macpherson Macpherson NNP 33589 653 6 , , , 33589 653 7 Jr. Jr. NNP 33589 653 8 , , , 33589 653 9 F.R.A.S. F.R.A.S. NNP 33589 654 1 63 63 CD 33589 654 2 . . . 33589 655 1 Aviation Aviation NNP 33589 655 2 By by IN 33589 655 3 Sydney Sydney NNP 33589 655 4 F. F. NNP 33589 655 5 Walker Walker NNP 33589 655 6 , , , 33589 655 7 R.N. R.N. NNP 33589 656 1 64 64 CD 33589 656 2 . . . 33589 657 1 Navigation Navigation NNP 33589 657 2 By by IN 33589 657 3 William William NNP 33589 657 4 Hall Hall NNP 33589 657 5 , , , 33589 657 6 R.N. R.N. NNP 33589 657 7 , , , 33589 657 8 B.A. B.A. NNP 33589 658 1 65 65 CD 33589 658 2 . . . 33589 659 1 Pond Pond NNP 33589 659 2 Life Life NNP 33589 659 3 By by IN 33589 659 4 E. E. NNP 33589 659 5 C. C. NNP 33589 659 6 Ash Ash NNP 33589 659 7 , , , 33589 659 8 M.R.A.C. M.R.A.C. NNP 33589 660 1 66 66 CD 33589 660 2 . . . 33589 661 1 Dietetics dietetic NNS 33589 661 2 By by IN 33589 661 3 Alex Alex NNP 33589 661 4 . . . 33589 662 1 Bryce Bryce NNP 33589 662 2 , , , 33589 662 3 M.D. M.D. NNP 33589 662 4 , , , 33589 662 5 D.P.H. D.P.H. NNP 33589 663 1 67 67 CD 33589 663 2 . . . 33589 664 1 Aristotle Aristotle NNP 33589 664 2 By By NNP 33589 664 3 Prof. Prof. NNP 33589 664 4 A. A. NNP 33589 664 5 E. E. NNP 33589 664 6 Taylor Taylor NNP 33589 664 7 , , , 33589 664 8 M.A. M.A. NNP 33589 664 9 , , , 33589 664 10 F.B.A. F.B.A. NNP 33589 665 1 68 68 CD 33589 665 2 . . . 33589 666 1 Friedrich Friedrich NNP 33589 666 2 Nietzsche Nietzsche NNP 33589 666 3 By By NNP 33589 666 4 M. M. NNP 33589 666 5 A. A. NNP 33589 666 6 Mügge Mügge NNP 33589 666 7 . . . 33589 667 1 69 69 CD 33589 667 2 . . . 33589 668 1 Eucken Eucken VBN 33589 668 2 : : : 33589 668 3 A a DT 33589 668 4 Philosophy Philosophy NNP 33589 668 5 of of IN 33589 668 6 Life Life NNP 33589 668 7 By by IN 33589 668 8 A. A. NNP 33589 668 9 J. J. NNP 33589 668 10 Jones Jones NNP 33589 668 11 , , , 33589 668 12 M.A. M.A. NNP 33589 668 13 , , , 33589 668 14 B.Sc B.Sc NNP 33589 668 15 . . . 33589 668 16 , , , 33589 668 17 Ph.D. Ph.D. NNP 33589 668 18 70 70 CD 33589 668 19 . . . 33589 669 1 The the DT 33589 669 2 Experimental experimental JJ 33589 669 3 Psychology Psychology NNP 33589 669 4 of of IN 33589 669 5 Beauty Beauty NNP 33589 669 6 By By NNP 33589 669 7 C. C. NNP 33589 669 8 W. W. NNP 33589 669 9 Valentine Valentine NNP 33589 669 10 , , , 33589 669 11 B.A. B.A. NNP 33589 669 12 , , , 33589 669 13 D.Phil d.phil RB 33589 669 14 . . . 33589 670 1 71 71 CD 33589 670 2 . . . 33589 671 1 The the DT 33589 671 2 Problem problem NN 33589 671 3 of of IN 33589 671 4 Truth Truth NNP 33589 671 5 By by IN 33589 671 6 H. H. NNP 33589 671 7 Wildon Wildon NNP 33589 671 8 Carr Carr NNP 33589 671 9 , , , 33589 671 10 Litt Litt NNP 33589 671 11 . . . 33589 671 12 D. D. NNP 33589 672 1 72 72 CD 33589 672 2 . . . 33589 673 1 The the DT 33589 673 2 Church Church NNP 33589 673 3 of of IN 33589 673 4 England England NNP 33589 673 5 By by IN 33589 673 6 Rev. Rev. NNP 33589 674 1 Canon Canon NNP 33589 674 2 Masterman Masterman NNP 33589 674 3 . . . 33589 675 1 74 74 CD 33589 675 2 . . . 33589 676 1 The the DT 33589 676 2 Free free JJ 33589 676 3 Churches church NNS 33589 676 4 By by IN 33589 676 5 Rev. Rev. NNP 33589 677 1 Edward Edward NNP 33589 677 2 Shillito Shillito NNP 33589 677 3 , , , 33589 677 4 M.A. M.A. NNP 33589 678 1 75 75 CD 33589 678 2 . . . 33589 679 1 Judaism Judaism NNP 33589 679 2 By by IN 33589 679 3 Ephraim Ephraim NNP 33589 679 4 Levine Levine NNP 33589 679 5 , , , 33589 679 6 M.A. M.A. NNP 33589 680 1 76 76 CD 33589 680 2 . . . 33589 681 1 Theosophy Theosophy NNP 33589 681 2 By by IN 33589 681 3 Annie Annie NNP 33589 681 4 Besant Besant NNP 33589 681 5 . . . 33589 682 1 78 78 CD 33589 682 2 . . . 33589 683 1 Wellington Wellington NNP 33589 683 2 and and CC 33589 683 3 Waterloo Waterloo NNP 33589 683 4 By by IN 33589 683 5 Major Major NNP 33589 683 6 G. G. NNP 33589 683 7 W. W. NNP 33589 683 8 Redway Redway NNP 33589 683 9 . . . 33589 684 1 79 79 CD 33589 684 2 . . . 33589 685 1 Mediaeval mediaeval JJ 33589 685 2 Socialism socialism NN 33589 685 3 By by IN 33589 685 4 Bede Bede NNP 33589 685 5 Jarrett Jarrett NNP 33589 685 6 , , , 33589 685 7 O.P. O.P. NNP 33589 685 8 , , , 33589 685 9 M.A. M.A. NNP 33589 686 1 80 80 CD 33589 686 2 . . . 33589 687 1 Syndicalism Syndicalism NNP 33589 687 2 By by IN 33589 687 3 J. J. NNP 33589 687 4 H. H. NNP 33589 687 5 Harley Harley NNP 33589 687 6 , , , 33589 687 7 M.A. M.A. NNP 33589 688 1 82 82 CD 33589 688 2 . . . 33589 689 1 Co co NN 33589 689 2 - - NN 33589 689 3 operation operation NN 33589 689 4 By by IN 33589 689 5 Joseph Joseph NNP 33589 689 6 Clayton Clayton NNP 33589 689 7 . . . 33589 690 1 83 83 CD 33589 690 2 . . . 33589 691 1 Insurance insurance NN 33589 691 2 as as IN 33589 691 3 a a DT 33589 691 4 Means Means NNP 33589 691 5 of of IN 33589 691 6 Investment Investment NNP 33589 691 7 By by IN 33589 691 8 W. W. NNP 33589 691 9 A. A. NNP 33589 691 10 Robertson Robertson NNP 33589 691 11 , , , 33589 691 12 F.F.A. F.F.A. NNP 33589 692 1 85 85 CD 33589 692 2 . . . 33589 693 1 A a DT 33589 693 2 History history NN 33589 693 3 of of IN 33589 693 4 English English NNP 33589 693 5 Literature Literature NNP 33589 693 6 By by IN 33589 693 7 A. a. NN 33589 693 8 Compton Compton NNP 33589 693 9 - - HYPH 33589 693 10 Rickett Rickett NNP 33589 693 11 , , , 33589 693 12 LL.D. LL.D. NNP 33589 694 1 87 87 CD 33589 694 2 . . . 33589 695 1 Charles Charles NNP 33589 695 2 Lamb Lamb NNP 33589 695 3 By by IN 33589 695 4 Flora Flora NNP 33589 695 5 Masson Masson NNP 33589 695 6 . . . 33589 696 1 88 88 CD 33589 696 2 . . . 33589 697 1 Goethe Goethe NNP 33589 697 2 By By NNP 33589 697 3 Prof. Prof. NNP 33589 697 4 C. C. NNP 33589 697 5 H. H. NNP 33589 697 6 Herford Herford NNP 33589 697 7 , , , 33589 697 8 Litt Litt NNP 33589 697 9 . . . 33589 697 10 D. D. NNP 33589 698 1 92 92 CD 33589 698 2 . . . 33589 699 1 The the DT 33589 699 2 Training training NN 33589 699 3 of of IN 33589 699 4 the the DT 33589 699 5 Child Child NNP 33589 699 6 By by IN 33589 699 7 G. G. NNP 33589 699 8 Spiller Spiller NNP 33589 699 9 . . . 33589 700 1 93 93 CD 33589 700 2 . . . 33589 701 1 Tennyson Tennyson NNP 33589 701 2 By by IN 33589 701 3 Aaron Aaron NNP 33589 701 4 Watson Watson NNP 33589 701 5 . . . 33589 702 1 94 94 CD 33589 702 2 . . . 33589 703 1 The the DT 33589 703 2 Nature Nature NNP 33589 703 3 of of IN 33589 703 4 Mathematics Mathematics NNP 33589 703 5 By by IN 33589 703 6 P. P. NNP 33589 703 7 E. E. NNP 33589 703 8 B. B. NNP 33589 703 9 Jourdain Jourdain NNP 33589 703 10 , , , 33589 703 11 M.A. M.A. NNP 33589 704 1 95 95 CD 33589 704 2 . . . 33589 705 1 Applications application NNS 33589 705 2 of of IN 33589 705 3 Electricity Electricity NNP 33589 705 4 By by IN 33589 705 5 Alex Alex NNP 33589 705 6 . . . 33589 706 1 Ogilvie Ogilvie NNP 33589 706 2 , , , 33589 706 3 B.Sc B.Sc NNP 33589 706 4 . . . 33589 707 1 96 96 CD 33589 707 2 . . . 33589 708 1 Gardening Gardening NNP 33589 708 2 By By NNP 33589 708 3 A. a. NN 33589 708 4 Cecil Cecil NNP 33589 708 5 Bartlett Bartlett NNP 33589 708 6 . . . 33589 709 1 98 98 CD 33589 709 2 . . . 33589 710 1 Atlas Atlas NNP 33589 710 2 of of IN 33589 710 3 the the DT 33589 710 4 World World NNP 33589 710 5 By by IN 33589 710 6 J. J. NNP 33589 710 7 Bartholomew Bartholomew NNP 33589 710 8 , , , 33589 710 9 F.R.G.S. F.R.G.S. NNP 33589 711 1 101 101 CD 33589 711 2 . . . 33589 712 1 Luther Luther NNP 33589 712 2 and and CC 33589 712 3 the the DT 33589 712 4 Reformation Reformation NNP 33589 712 5 By by IN 33589 712 6 Leonard Leonard NNP 33589 712 7 D. D. NNP 33589 712 8 Agate Agate NNP 33589 712 9 , , , 33589 712 10 M.A. M.A. NNP 33589 713 1 103 103 CD 33589 713 2 . . . 33589 714 1 Turkey Turkey NNP 33589 714 2 and and CC 33589 714 3 the the DT 33589 714 4 Eastern Eastern NNP 33589 714 5 Question Question NNP 33589 714 6 By by IN 33589 714 7 John John NNP 33589 714 8 Macdonald Macdonald NNP 33589 714 9 , , , 33589 714 10 M.A. M.A. NNP 33589 715 1 104 104 CD 33589 715 2 . . . 33589 716 1 Architecture Architecture NNP 33589 716 2 By by IN 33589 716 3 Mrs. Mrs. NNP 33589 716 4 Arthur Arthur NNP 33589 716 5 Bell Bell NNP 33589 716 6 . . . 33589 717 1 105 105 CD 33589 717 2 . . . 33589 718 1 Trade trade NN 33589 718 2 Unions Unions NNPS 33589 718 3 By by IN 33589 718 4 Joseph Joseph NNP 33589 718 5 Clayton Clayton NNP 33589 718 6 . . . 33589 719 1 106 106 CD 33589 719 2 . . . 33589 720 1 Everyday Everyday NNP 33589 720 2 Law Law NNP 33589 720 3 By by IN 33589 720 4 J. J. NNP 33589 720 5 J. J. NNP 33589 720 6 Adams Adams NNP 33589 720 7 . . . 33589 721 1 108 108 CD 33589 721 2 . . . 33589 722 1 Shelley Shelley NNP 33589 722 2 By by IN 33589 722 3 Sydney Sydney NNP 33589 722 4 Waterlow Waterlow NNP 33589 722 5 , , , 33589 722 6 M.A. M.A. NNP 33589 723 1 110 110 CD 33589 723 2 . . . 33589 724 1 British british JJ 33589 724 2 Birds Birds NNPS 33589 724 3 By by IN 33589 724 4 F. F. NNP 33589 724 5 B. B. NNP 33589 724 6 Kirkman Kirkman NNP 33589 724 7 , , , 33589 724 8 B.A. B.A. NNP 33589 725 1 111 111 CD 33589 725 2 . . . 33589 726 1 Spiritualism Spiritualism NNP 33589 726 2 By by IN 33589 726 3 J. J. NNP 33589 726 4 Arthur Arthur NNP 33589 726 5 Hill Hill NNP 33589 726 6 . . . 33589 727 1 112 112 CD 33589 727 2 . . . 33589 728 1 Kindergarten Kindergarten NNP 33589 728 2 Teaching teach VBG 33589 728 3 at at IN 33589 728 4 Home home NN 33589 728 5 By by IN 33589 728 6 Two Two NNP 33589 728 7 Members Members NNPS 33589 728 8 of of IN 33589 728 9 the the DT 33589 728 10 National National NNP 33589 728 11 Froebel Froebel NNP 33589 728 12 Union Union NNP 33589 728 13 . . . 33589 729 1 113 113 CD 33589 729 2 . . . 33589 730 1 Schopenhauer Schopenhauer NNP 33589 730 2 By by IN 33589 730 3 Margrieta Margrieta NNP 33589 730 4 Beer Beer NNP 33589 730 5 , , , 33589 730 6 M.A. M.A. NNP 33589 731 1 114 114 CD 33589 731 2 . . . 33589 732 1 The the DT 33589 732 2 Stock Stock NNP 33589 732 3 Exchange Exchange NNP 33589 732 4 By by IN 33589 732 5 J. J. NNP 33589 732 6 F. F. NNP 33589 732 7 Wheeler Wheeler NNP 33589 732 8 . . . 33589 733 1 115 115 CD 33589 733 2 . . . 33589 734 1 Coleridge Coleridge NNP 33589 734 2 By by IN 33589 734 3 S. S. NNP 33589 734 4 L. L. NNP 33589 734 5 Bensusan Bensusan NNP 33589 734 6 . . . 33589 735 1 116 116 CD 33589 735 2 . . . 33589 736 1 The the DT 33589 736 2 Crusades Crusades NNP 33589 736 3 By By NNP 33589 736 4 M. M. NNP 33589 736 5 M. M. NNP 33589 736 6 C. C. NNP 33589 736 7 Calthrop Calthrop NNP 33589 736 8 . . . 33589 737 1 117 117 CD 33589 737 2 . . . 33589 738 1 Wild Wild NNP 33589 738 2 Flowers Flowers NNPS 33589 738 3 By by IN 33589 738 4 Macgregor Macgregor NNP 33589 738 5 Skene Skene NNP 33589 738 6 , , , 33589 738 7 B.Sc B.Sc NNP 33589 738 8 . . . 33589 739 1 118 118 CD 33589 739 2 . . . 33589 740 1 Principles principle NNS 33589 740 2 of of IN 33589 740 3 Logic Logic NNP 33589 740 4 By By NNP 33589 740 5 Stanley Stanley NNP 33589 740 6 Williams Williams NNP 33589 740 7 , , , 33589 740 8 B.A. B.A. NNP 33589 741 1 119 119 CD 33589 741 2 . . . 33589 742 1 The the DT 33589 742 2 Foundations foundation NNS 33589 742 3 of of IN 33589 742 4 Religion Religion NNP 33589 742 5 By by IN 33589 742 6 Stanley Stanley NNP 33589 742 7 A. A. NNP 33589 742 8 Cook Cook NNP 33589 742 9 , , , 33589 742 10 M.A. M.A. NNP 33589 743 1 120 120 CD 33589 743 2 . . . 33589 744 1 History history NN 33589 744 2 of of IN 33589 744 3 Rome Rome NNP 33589 744 4 By by IN 33589 744 5 A. a. NN 33589 744 6 F. F. NNP 33589 744 7 Giles Giles NNP 33589 744 8 . . . 33589 745 1 M.A. M.A. NNP 33589 746 1 121 121 CD 33589 746 2 . . . 33589 747 1 Land land NN 33589 747 2 , , , 33589 747 3 Industry Industry NNP 33589 747 4 , , , 33589 747 5 and and CC 33589 747 6 Taxation Taxation NNP 33589 747 7 By by IN 33589 747 8 Frederick Frederick NNP 33589 747 9 Verinder Verinder NNP 33589 747 10 . . . 33589 748 1 LONDON LONDON NNP 33589 748 2 AND and CC 33589 748 3 EDINBURGH EDINBURGH NNP 33589 748 4 : : : 33589 748 5 T. T. NNP 33589 748 6 C. C. NNP 33589 748 7 & & CC 33589 748 8 E. E. NNP 33589 748 9 C. C. NNP 33589 748 10 JACK JACK NNP 33589 748 11 NEW NEW NNP 33589 748 12 YORK YORK NNP 33589 748 13 : : : 33589 748 14 DODGE DODGE NNP 33589 748 15 PUBLISHING PUBLISHING NNP 33589 748 16 CO CO NNP 33589 748 17 . . .