id sid tid token lemma pos 12456 1 1 Proofreading Proofreading NNP 12456 1 2 Team Team NNP 12456 1 3 . . . 12456 2 1 THE the DT 12456 2 2 TROUBADOURS troubadours NN 12456 2 3 BY by IN 12456 2 4 REV REV NNP 12456 2 5 . . . 12456 3 1 H.J. H.J. NNP 12456 4 1 CHAYTOR CHAYTOR NNP 12456 4 2 , , , 12456 4 3 M.A. M.A. NNP 12456 5 1 AUTHOR AUTHOR NNP 12456 5 2 OF of IN 12456 5 3 " " `` 12456 5 4 THE the DT 12456 5 5 TROUBADOURS troubadours NN 12456 5 6 OF of IN 12456 5 7 DANTE DANTE NNP 12456 5 8 " " '' 12456 5 9 ETC ETC NNP 12456 5 10 . . . 12456 6 1 Cambridge Cambridge NNP 12456 6 2 : : : 12456 6 3 at at IN 12456 6 4 the the DT 12456 6 5 University University NNP 12456 6 6 Press Press NNP 12456 6 7 1912 1912 CD 12456 6 8 _ _ NNP 12456 6 9 With with IN 12456 6 10 the the DT 12456 6 11 exception exception NN 12456 6 12 of of IN 12456 6 13 the the DT 12456 6 14 coat coat NN 12456 6 15 of of IN 12456 6 16 arms arm NNS 12456 6 17 at at IN 12456 6 18 the the DT 12456 6 19 foot foot NN 12456 6 20 , , , 12456 6 21 the the DT 12456 6 22 design design NN 12456 6 23 on on IN 12456 6 24 the the DT 12456 6 25 title title NN 12456 6 26 page page NN 12456 6 27 is be VBZ 12456 6 28 a a DT 12456 6 29 reproduction reproduction NN 12456 6 30 of of IN 12456 6 31 one one CD 12456 6 32 used use VBN 12456 6 33 by by IN 12456 6 34 the the DT 12456 6 35 earliest early JJS 12456 6 36 known know VBN 12456 6 37 Cambridge Cambridge NNP 12456 6 38 printer printer NN 12456 6 39 , , , 12456 6 40 John John NNP 12456 6 41 Siberch Siberch NNP 12456 6 42 , , , 12456 6 43 1521 1521 CD 12456 6 44 _ _ NNP 12456 6 45 PREFACE PREFACE NNP 12456 6 46 This this DT 12456 6 47 book book NN 12456 6 48 , , , 12456 6 49 it -PRON- PRP 12456 6 50 is be VBZ 12456 6 51 hoped hope VBN 12456 6 52 , , , 12456 6 53 may may MD 12456 6 54 serve serve VB 12456 6 55 as as IN 12456 6 56 an an DT 12456 6 57 introduction introduction NN 12456 6 58 to to IN 12456 6 59 the the DT 12456 6 60 literature literature NN 12456 6 61 of of IN 12456 6 62 the the DT 12456 6 63 Troubadours Troubadours NNP 12456 6 64 for for IN 12456 6 65 readers reader NNS 12456 6 66 who who WP 12456 6 67 have have VBP 12456 6 68 no no DT 12456 6 69 detailed detailed JJ 12456 6 70 or or CC 12456 6 71 scientific scientific JJ 12456 6 72 knowledge knowledge NN 12456 6 73 of of IN 12456 6 74 the the DT 12456 6 75 subject subject NN 12456 6 76 . . . 12456 7 1 I -PRON- PRP 12456 7 2 have have VBP 12456 7 3 , , , 12456 7 4 therefore therefore RB 12456 7 5 , , , 12456 7 6 chosen choose VBN 12456 7 7 for for IN 12456 7 8 treatment treatment NN 12456 7 9 the the DT 12456 7 10 Troubadours Troubadours NNPS 12456 7 11 who who WP 12456 7 12 are be VBP 12456 7 13 most most RBS 12456 7 14 famous famous JJ 12456 7 15 or or CC 12456 7 16 who who WP 12456 7 17 display display VBP 12456 7 18 characteristics characteristic NNS 12456 7 19 useful useful JJ 12456 7 20 for for IN 12456 7 21 the the DT 12456 7 22 purpose purpose NN 12456 7 23 of of IN 12456 7 24 this this DT 12456 7 25 book book NN 12456 7 26 . . . 12456 8 1 Students student NNS 12456 8 2 who who WP 12456 8 3 desire desire VBP 12456 8 4 to to TO 12456 8 5 pursue pursue VB 12456 8 6 the the DT 12456 8 7 subject subject NN 12456 8 8 will will MD 12456 8 9 find find VB 12456 8 10 further further JJ 12456 8 11 help help NN 12456 8 12 in in IN 12456 8 13 the the DT 12456 8 14 works work NNS 12456 8 15 mentioned mention VBN 12456 8 16 in in IN 12456 8 17 the the DT 12456 8 18 bibliography bibliography NN 12456 8 19 . . . 12456 9 1 The the DT 12456 9 2 latter latter NN 12456 9 3 does do VBZ 12456 9 4 not not RB 12456 9 5 profess profess JJ 12456 9 6 to to TO 12456 9 7 be be VB 12456 9 8 exhaustive exhaustive JJ 12456 9 9 , , , 12456 9 10 but but CC 12456 9 11 I -PRON- PRP 12456 9 12 hope hope VBP 12456 9 13 nothing nothing NN 12456 9 14 of of IN 12456 9 15 real real JJ 12456 9 16 importance importance NN 12456 9 17 has have VBZ 12456 9 18 been be VBN 12456 9 19 omitted omit VBN 12456 9 20 . . . 12456 10 1 H.J. H.J. NNP 12456 11 1 CHAYTOR CHAYTOR NNP 12456 11 2 . . . 12456 12 1 THE the DT 12456 12 2 COLLEGE COLLEGE NNP 12456 12 3 , , , 12456 12 4 PLYMOUTH PLYMOUTH NNP 12456 12 5 , , , 12456 12 6 March March NNP 12456 12 7 1912 1912 CD 12456 12 8 . . . 12456 13 1 CONTENTS content NNS 12456 13 2 PREFACE preface NN 12456 13 3 CHAP chap NN 12456 13 4 . . . 12456 14 1 I. I. NNP 12456 15 1 INTRODUCTORY INTRODUCTORY NNP 12456 15 2 II II NNP 12456 15 3 . . . 12456 16 1 THE the DT 12456 16 2 THEORY theory NN 12456 16 3 OF of IN 12456 16 4 COURTLY COURTLY NNP 12456 16 5 LOVE love NN 12456 16 6 III iii CD 12456 16 7 . . . 12456 17 1 TECHNIQUE TECHNIQUE NNP 12456 17 2 IV IV NNP 12456 17 3 . . . 12456 18 1 THE the DT 12456 18 2 EARLY early NN 12456 18 3 TROUBADOURS troubadours NN 12456 18 4 V. v. NN 12456 18 5 THE the DT 12456 18 6 CLASSICAL CLASSICAL NNP 12456 18 7 PERIOD PERIOD NNP 12456 18 8 VI VI NNP 12456 18 9 . . . 12456 19 1 THE the DT 12456 19 2 ALBIGEOIS albigeois NN 12456 19 3 CRUSADE CRUSADE NNP 12456 19 4 VII VII NNP 12456 19 5 . . . 12456 20 1 THE the DT 12456 20 2 TROUBADOURS troubadours NN 12456 20 3 IN in IN 12456 20 4 ITALY ITALY NNP 12456 20 5 VIII viii NN 12456 20 6 . . . 12456 21 1 THE the DT 12456 21 2 TROUBADOURS troubadours NN 12456 21 3 IN in IN 12456 21 4 SPAIN SPAIN NNP 12456 21 5 IX IX NNP 12456 21 6 . . . 12456 22 1 PROVENCAL PROVENCAL NNP 12456 22 2 INFLUENCE INFLUENCE NNP 12456 22 3 IN in IN 12456 22 4 GERMANY GERMANY NNP 12456 22 5 , , , 12456 22 6 FRANCE FRANCE NNP 12456 22 7 , , , 12456 22 8 AND and CC 12456 22 9 ENGLAND ENGLAND NNP 12456 22 10 BIBLIOGRAPHY BIBLIOGRAPHY NNP 12456 22 11 AND and CC 12456 22 12 NOTES NOTES NNP 12456 22 13 INDEX INDEX NNP 12456 22 14 [ [ -LRB- 12456 22 15 Transcriptor Transcriptor NNP 12456 22 16 's 's POS 12456 22 17 note note NN 12456 22 18 : : : 12456 22 19 Page page NN 12456 22 20 numbers number NNS 12456 22 21 from from IN 12456 22 22 the the DT 12456 22 23 original original JJ 12456 22 24 document document NN 12456 22 25 have have VBP 12456 22 26 been be VBN 12456 22 27 posted post VBN 12456 22 28 in in IN 12456 22 29 the the DT 12456 22 30 right right JJ 12456 22 31 margin margin NN 12456 22 32 to to TO 12456 22 33 maintain maintain VB 12456 22 34 the the DT 12456 22 35 relevance relevance NN 12456 22 36 of of IN 12456 22 37 the the DT 12456 22 38 index index NN 12456 22 39 references reference NNS 12456 22 40 . . . 12456 22 41 } } -RRB- 12456 23 1 THE the DT 12456 23 2 TROUBADOURS TROUBADOURS NNP 12456 23 3 [ [ -LRB- 12456 23 4 1 1 CD 12456 23 5 ] ] -RRB- 12456 23 6 CHAPTER chapter NN 12456 23 7 I -PRON- PRP 12456 23 8 INTRODUCTORY INTRODUCTORY NNP 12456 23 9 Few few JJ 12456 23 10 literatures literature NNS 12456 23 11 have have VBP 12456 23 12 exerted exert VBN 12456 23 13 so so RB 12456 23 14 profound profound JJ 12456 23 15 an an DT 12456 23 16 influence influence NN 12456 23 17 upon upon IN 12456 23 18 the the DT 12456 23 19 literary literary JJ 12456 23 20 history history NN 12456 23 21 of of IN 12456 23 22 other other JJ 12456 23 23 peoples people NNS 12456 23 24 as as IN 12456 23 25 the the DT 12456 23 26 poetry poetry NN 12456 23 27 of of IN 12456 23 28 the the DT 12456 23 29 troubadours troubadour NNS 12456 23 30 . . . 12456 24 1 Attaining attain VBG 12456 24 2 the the DT 12456 24 3 highest high JJS 12456 24 4 point point NN 12456 24 5 of of IN 12456 24 6 technical technical JJ 12456 24 7 perfection perfection NN 12456 24 8 in in IN 12456 24 9 the the DT 12456 24 10 last last JJ 12456 24 11 half half NN 12456 24 12 of of IN 12456 24 13 the the DT 12456 24 14 twelfth twelfth NN 12456 24 15 and and CC 12456 24 16 the the DT 12456 24 17 early early JJ 12456 24 18 years year NNS 12456 24 19 of of IN 12456 24 20 the the DT 12456 24 21 thirteenth thirteenth JJ 12456 24 22 century century NN 12456 24 23 , , , 12456 24 24 Provençal Provençal NNP 12456 24 25 poetry poetry NN 12456 24 26 was be VBD 12456 24 27 already already RB 12456 24 28 popular popular JJ 12456 24 29 in in IN 12456 24 30 Italy Italy NNP 12456 24 31 and and CC 12456 24 32 Spain Spain NNP 12456 24 33 when when WRB 12456 24 34 the the DT 12456 24 35 Albigeois Albigeois NNP 12456 24 36 crusade crusade NN 12456 24 37 devastated devastate VBD 12456 24 38 the the DT 12456 24 39 south south NN 12456 24 40 of of IN 12456 24 41 France France NNP 12456 24 42 and and CC 12456 24 43 scattered scatter VBD 12456 24 44 the the DT 12456 24 45 troubadours troubadour NNS 12456 24 46 abroad abroad RB 12456 24 47 or or CC 12456 24 48 forced force VBD 12456 24 49 them -PRON- PRP 12456 24 50 to to TO 12456 24 51 seek seek VB 12456 24 52 other other JJ 12456 24 53 means mean NNS 12456 24 54 of of IN 12456 24 55 livelihood livelihood NN 12456 24 56 . . . 12456 25 1 The the DT 12456 25 2 earliest early JJS 12456 25 3 lyric lyric NN 12456 25 4 poetry poetry NN 12456 25 5 of of IN 12456 25 6 Italy Italy NNP 12456 25 7 is be VBZ 12456 25 8 Provençal Provençal NNP 12456 25 9 in in IN 12456 25 10 all all DT 12456 25 11 but but CC 12456 25 12 language language NN 12456 25 13 ; ; : 12456 25 14 almost almost RB 12456 25 15 as as IN 12456 25 16 much much JJ 12456 25 17 may may MD 12456 25 18 be be VB 12456 25 19 said say VBN 12456 25 20 of of IN 12456 25 21 Portugal Portugal NNP 12456 25 22 and and CC 12456 25 23 Galicia Galicia NNP 12456 25 24 ; ; : 12456 25 25 Catalonian catalonian JJ 12456 25 26 troubadours troubadour NNS 12456 25 27 continued continue VBD 12456 25 28 to to TO 12456 25 29 write write VB 12456 25 30 in in IN 12456 25 31 Provençal Provençal NNP 12456 25 32 until until IN 12456 25 33 the the DT 12456 25 34 fourteenth fourteenth JJ 12456 25 35 century century NN 12456 25 36 . . . 12456 26 1 The the DT 12456 26 2 lyric lyric NN 12456 26 3 poetry poetry NN 12456 26 4 of of IN 12456 26 5 the the DT 12456 26 6 " " `` 12456 26 7 trouvères trouvère NNS 12456 26 8 " " '' 12456 26 9 in in IN 12456 26 10 Northern Northern NNP 12456 26 11 France France NNP 12456 26 12 was be VBD 12456 26 13 deeply deeply RB 12456 26 14 influenced influence VBN 12456 26 15 both both CC 12456 26 16 in in IN 12456 26 17 form form NN 12456 26 18 and and CC 12456 26 19 spirit spirit NN 12456 26 20 by by IN 12456 26 21 troubadour troubadour NN 12456 26 22 poetry poetry NN 12456 26 23 , , , 12456 26 24 and and CC 12456 26 25 traces trace NNS 12456 26 26 of of IN 12456 26 27 this this DT 12456 26 28 influence influence NN 12456 26 29 are be VBP 12456 26 30 perceptible perceptible JJ 12456 26 31 even even RB 12456 26 32 in in IN 12456 26 33 [ [ -LRB- 12456 26 34 2 2 CD 12456 26 35 ] ] -RRB- 12456 26 36 early early JJ 12456 26 37 middle middle JJ 12456 26 38 - - HYPH 12456 26 39 English english JJ 12456 26 40 lyrics lyric NNS 12456 26 41 . . . 12456 27 1 Finally finally RB 12456 27 2 , , , 12456 27 3 the the DT 12456 27 4 German german JJ 12456 27 5 minnesingers minnesinger NNS 12456 27 6 knew know VBD 12456 27 7 and and CC 12456 27 8 appreciated appreciate VBD 12456 27 9 troubadour troubadour PRP$ 12456 27 10 lyrics lyric NNS 12456 27 11 , , , 12456 27 12 and and CC 12456 27 13 imitations imitation NNS 12456 27 14 or or CC 12456 27 15 even even RB 12456 27 16 translations translation NNS 12456 27 17 of of IN 12456 27 18 Provençal Provençal NNP 12456 27 19 poems poem NNS 12456 27 20 may may MD 12456 27 21 be be VB 12456 27 22 found find VBN 12456 27 23 in in IN 12456 27 24 Heinrich Heinrich NNP 12456 27 25 von von NNP 12456 27 26 Morungen Morungen NNP 12456 27 27 , , , 12456 27 28 Friedrich Friedrich NNP 12456 27 29 von von NNP 12456 27 30 Hausen Hausen NNP 12456 27 31 , , , 12456 27 32 and and CC 12456 27 33 many many JJ 12456 27 34 others other NNS 12456 27 35 . . . 12456 28 1 Hence hence RB 12456 28 2 the the DT 12456 28 3 poetry poetry NN 12456 28 4 of of IN 12456 28 5 the the DT 12456 28 6 troubadours troubadour NNS 12456 28 7 is be VBZ 12456 28 8 a a DT 12456 28 9 subject subject NN 12456 28 10 of of IN 12456 28 11 first first JJ 12456 28 12 - - HYPH 12456 28 13 rate rate NN 12456 28 14 importance importance NN 12456 28 15 to to IN 12456 28 16 the the DT 12456 28 17 student student NN 12456 28 18 of of IN 12456 28 19 comparative comparative JJ 12456 28 20 literature literature NN 12456 28 21 . . . 12456 29 1 The the DT 12456 29 2 northern northern JJ 12456 29 3 limit limit NN 12456 29 4 of of IN 12456 29 5 the the DT 12456 29 6 Provençal Provençal NNP 12456 29 7 language language NN 12456 29 8 formed form VBD 12456 29 9 a a DT 12456 29 10 line line NN 12456 29 11 starting start VBG 12456 29 12 from from IN 12456 29 13 the the DT 12456 29 14 Pointe Pointe NNP 12456 29 15 de de NNP 12456 29 16 Grave Grave NNP 12456 29 17 at at IN 12456 29 18 the the DT 12456 29 19 mouth mouth NN 12456 29 20 of of IN 12456 29 21 the the DT 12456 29 22 Gironde Gironde NNP 12456 29 23 , , , 12456 29 24 passing pass VBG 12456 29 25 through through IN 12456 29 26 Lesparre Lesparre NNP 12456 29 27 , , , 12456 29 28 Bordeaux Bordeaux NNP 12456 29 29 , , , 12456 29 30 Libourne Libourne NNP 12456 29 31 , , , 12456 29 32 Périgueux Périgueux NNP 12456 29 33 , , , 12456 29 34 rising rise VBG 12456 29 35 northward northward RB 12456 29 36 to to IN 12456 29 37 Nontron Nontron NNP 12456 29 38 , , , 12456 29 39 la la NNP 12456 29 40 Rochefoucauld Rochefoucauld NNP 12456 29 41 , , , 12456 29 42 Confolens Confolens NNP 12456 29 43 , , , 12456 29 44 Bellac Bellac NNPS 12456 29 45 , , , 12456 29 46 then then RB 12456 29 47 turning turn VBG 12456 29 48 eastward eastward RB 12456 29 49 to to IN 12456 29 50 Guéret Guéret NNP 12456 29 51 and and CC 12456 29 52 Montluçon Montluçon NNP 12456 29 53 ; ; : 12456 29 54 it -PRON- PRP 12456 29 55 then then RB 12456 29 56 went go VBD 12456 29 57 south south NN 12456 29 58 - - HYPH 12456 29 59 east east NN 12456 29 60 to to IN 12456 29 61 Clermont Clermont NNP 12456 29 62 - - HYPH 12456 29 63 Ferrand Ferrand NNP 12456 29 64 , , , 12456 29 65 Boën Boën NNP 12456 29 66 , , , 12456 29 67 Saint Saint NNP 12456 29 68 Georges Georges NNP 12456 29 69 , , , 12456 29 70 Saint Saint NNP 12456 29 71 Sauveur Sauveur NNP 12456 29 72 near near IN 12456 29 73 Annonay Annonay NNP 12456 29 74 . . . 12456 30 1 The the DT 12456 30 2 Dauphiné Dauphiné NNP 12456 30 3 above above IN 12456 30 4 Grenoble Grenoble NNP 12456 30 5 , , , 12456 30 6 most most JJS 12456 30 7 of of IN 12456 30 8 the the DT 12456 30 9 Franche Franche NNP 12456 30 10 - - HYPH 12456 30 11 Comté Comté NNP 12456 30 12 , , , 12456 30 13 French French NNP 12456 30 14 Switzerland Switzerland NNP 12456 30 15 and and CC 12456 30 16 Savoy Savoy NNP 12456 30 17 , , , 12456 30 18 are be VBP 12456 30 19 regarded regard VBN 12456 30 20 as as IN 12456 30 21 a a DT 12456 30 22 separate separate JJ 12456 30 23 linguistic linguistic JJ 12456 30 24 group group NN 12456 30 25 known know VBN 12456 30 26 as as IN 12456 30 27 Franco Franco NNP 12456 30 28 - - HYPH 12456 30 29 Provençal Provençal NNP 12456 30 30 , , , 12456 30 31 for for IN 12456 30 32 the the DT 12456 30 33 reason reason NN 12456 30 34 that that IN 12456 30 35 the the DT 12456 30 36 dialects dialect NNS 12456 30 37 of of IN 12456 30 38 that that DT 12456 30 39 district district NN 12456 30 40 display display NN 12456 30 41 characteristics characteristic NNS 12456 30 42 common common JJ 12456 30 43 to to IN 12456 30 44 both both CC 12456 30 45 French French NNP 12456 30 46 and and CC 12456 30 47 Provençal Provençal NNP 12456 30 48 . . . 12456 31 1 [ [ -LRB- 12456 31 2 1 1 LS 12456 31 3 ] ] -RRB- 12456 31 4 On on IN 12456 31 5 the the DT 12456 31 6 south south NN 12456 31 7 - - HYPH 12456 31 8 west west NN 12456 31 9 , , , 12456 31 10 Catalonia Catalonia NNP 12456 31 11 , , , 12456 31 12 Valencia Valencia NNP 12456 31 13 and and CC 12456 31 14 the the DT 12456 31 15 Balearic Balearic NNP 12456 31 16 Isles Isles NNPS 12456 31 17 must must MD 12456 31 18 also also RB 12456 31 19 be be VB 12456 31 20 included include VBN 12456 31 21 in in IN 12456 31 22 the the DT 12456 31 23 Provençal Provençal NNP 12456 31 24 region region NN 12456 31 25 . . . 12456 32 1 As as IN 12456 32 2 concerns concern NNS 12456 32 3 the the DT 12456 32 4 Northern northern JJ 12456 32 5 limit limit NN 12456 32 6 , , , 12456 32 7 it -PRON- PRP 12456 32 8 must must MD 12456 32 9 not not RB 12456 32 10 be be VB 12456 32 11 regarded regard VBN 12456 32 12 as as IN 12456 32 13 a a DT 12456 32 14 definite definite JJ 12456 32 15 line line NN 12456 32 16 of of IN 12456 32 17 demarcation demarcation NN 12456 32 18 between between IN 12456 32 19 the the DT 12456 32 20 langue langue NN 12456 32 21 d'oil d'oil NNP 12456 32 22 or or CC 12456 32 23 the the DT 12456 32 24 Northern Northern NNP 12456 32 25 French french JJ 12456 32 26 dialects dialect NNS 12456 32 27 and and CC 12456 32 28 the the DT 12456 32 29 langue langue NN 12456 32 30 d'oc d'oc NNP 12456 32 31 or or CC 12456 32 32 Provençal Provençal NNP 12456 32 33 . . . 12456 33 1 The the DT 12456 33 2 boundary boundary NN 12456 33 3 is be VBZ 12456 33 4 , , , 12456 33 5 of of IN 12456 33 6 course course NN 12456 33 7 , , , 12456 33 8 determined determine VBN 12456 33 9 by by IN 12456 33 10 noting note VBG 12456 33 11 the the DT 12456 33 12 points point NNS 12456 33 13 at at IN 12456 33 14 which which WDT 12456 33 15 certain certain JJ 12456 33 16 linguistic linguistic JJ 12456 33 17 features feature VBZ 12456 33 18 peculiar peculiar JJ 12456 33 19 to to IN 12456 33 20 Provençal Provençal NNP 12456 33 21 cease cease NN 12456 33 22 and and CC 12456 33 23 are be VBP 12456 33 24 replaced replace VBN 12456 33 25 by by IN 12456 33 26 the the DT 12456 33 27 characteristics characteristic NNS 12456 33 28 of of IN 12456 33 29 Northern Northern NNP 12456 33 30 [ [ -LRB- 12456 33 31 3 3 CD 12456 33 32 ] ] -RRB- 12456 33 33 French French NNP 12456 33 34 . . . 12456 34 1 Such such PDT 12456 34 2 a a DT 12456 34 3 characteristic characteristic NN 12456 34 4 , , , 12456 34 5 for for IN 12456 34 6 instance instance NN 12456 34 7 , , , 12456 34 8 is be VBZ 12456 34 9 the the DT 12456 34 10 Latin latin JJ 12456 34 11 tonic tonic NN 12456 34 12 _ _ NNP 12456 34 13 a a DT 12456 34 14 _ _ NNP 12456 34 15 before before IN 12456 34 16 a a DT 12456 34 17 single single JJ 12456 34 18 consonant consonant NN 12456 34 19 , , , 12456 34 20 and and CC 12456 34 21 not not RB 12456 34 22 preceded precede VBN 12456 34 23 by by IN 12456 34 24 a a DT 12456 34 25 palatal palatal JJ 12456 34 26 consonant consonant NN 12456 34 27 , , , 12456 34 28 which which WDT 12456 34 29 remains remain VBZ 12456 34 30 in in IN 12456 34 31 Provençal Provençal NNP 12456 34 32 but but CC 12456 34 33 becomes become VBZ 12456 34 34 _ _ NNP 12456 34 35 e e NNP 12456 34 36 _ _ NNP 12456 34 37 in in IN 12456 34 38 French French NNP 12456 34 39 ; ; : 12456 34 40 Latin Latin NNP 12456 34 41 cant_a_re cant_a_re NNP 12456 34 42 becomes become VBZ 12456 34 43 chant_a_r chant_a_r NNP 12456 34 44 in in IN 12456 34 45 Provençal Provençal NNP 12456 34 46 but but CC 12456 34 47 chant_e_r chant_e_r NNP 12456 34 48 in in IN 12456 34 49 French French NNP 12456 34 50 . . . 12456 35 1 But but CC 12456 35 2 north north NN 12456 35 3 and and CC 12456 35 4 south south RB 12456 35 5 of of IN 12456 35 6 the the DT 12456 35 7 boundary boundary NNP 12456 35 8 thus thus RB 12456 35 9 determined determine VBD 12456 35 10 there there EX 12456 35 11 was be VBD 12456 35 12 , , , 12456 35 13 in in IN 12456 35 14 the the DT 12456 35 15 absence absence NN 12456 35 16 of of IN 12456 35 17 any any DT 12456 35 18 great great JJ 12456 35 19 mountain mountain NN 12456 35 20 range range NN 12456 35 21 or or CC 12456 35 22 definite definite JJ 12456 35 23 geographical geographical JJ 12456 35 24 line line NN 12456 35 25 of of IN 12456 35 26 demarcation demarcation NN 12456 35 27 , , , 12456 35 28 an an DT 12456 35 29 indeterminate indeterminate JJ 12456 35 30 zone zone NN 12456 35 31 , , , 12456 35 32 in in IN 12456 35 33 which which WDT 12456 35 34 one one CD 12456 35 35 dialect dialect NN 12456 35 36 probably probably RB 12456 35 37 shaded shade VBD 12456 35 38 off off RP 12456 35 39 by by IN 12456 35 40 easy easy JJ 12456 35 41 gradations gradation NNS 12456 35 42 into into IN 12456 35 43 the the DT 12456 35 44 other other JJ 12456 35 45 . . . 12456 36 1 Within within IN 12456 36 2 the the DT 12456 36 3 region region NN 12456 36 4 thus thus RB 12456 36 5 described describe VBN 12456 36 6 as as IN 12456 36 7 Provençal Provençal NNP 12456 36 8 , , , 12456 36 9 several several JJ 12456 36 10 separate separate JJ 12456 36 11 dialects dialect NNS 12456 36 12 existed exist VBD 12456 36 13 , , , 12456 36 14 as as IN 12456 36 15 at at IN 12456 36 16 the the DT 12456 36 17 present present JJ 12456 36 18 day day NN 12456 36 19 . . . 12456 37 1 Apart apart RB 12456 37 2 from from IN 12456 37 3 the the DT 12456 37 4 Franco Franco NNP 12456 37 5 - - HYPH 12456 37 6 Provençal Provençal NNP 12456 37 7 on on IN 12456 37 8 the the DT 12456 37 9 north north NN 12456 37 10 - - HYPH 12456 37 11 east east NN 12456 37 12 , , , 12456 37 13 which which WDT 12456 37 14 we -PRON- PRP 12456 37 15 have have VBP 12456 37 16 excluded exclude VBN 12456 37 17 , , , 12456 37 18 there there EX 12456 37 19 was be VBD 12456 37 20 Gascon Gascon NNP 12456 37 21 in in IN 12456 37 22 the the DT 12456 37 23 south south NN 12456 37 24 - - HYPH 12456 37 25 west west NN 12456 37 26 and and CC 12456 37 27 the the DT 12456 37 28 modern modern JJ 12456 37 29 _ _ NNP 12456 37 30 départements département NNS 12456 37 31 _ _ NNP 12456 37 32 of of IN 12456 37 33 the the DT 12456 37 34 Basses Basses NNPS 12456 37 35 and and CC 12456 37 36 Hautes Hautes NNPS 12456 37 37 Pyrénées Pyrénées NNP 12456 37 38 ; ; : 12456 37 39 Catalonian Catalonian NNP 12456 37 40 , , , 12456 37 41 the the DT 12456 37 42 dialect dialect NN 12456 37 43 of of IN 12456 37 44 Roussillon Roussillon NNP 12456 37 45 , , , 12456 37 46 which which WDT 12456 37 47 was be VBD 12456 37 48 brought bring VBN 12456 37 49 into into IN 12456 37 50 Spain Spain NNP 12456 37 51 in in IN 12456 37 52 the the DT 12456 37 53 seventh seventh JJ 12456 37 54 century century NN 12456 37 55 and and CC 12456 37 56 still still RB 12456 37 57 survives survive VBZ 12456 37 58 in in IN 12456 37 59 Catalonia Catalonia NNP 12456 37 60 , , , 12456 37 61 Valencia Valencia NNP 12456 37 62 and and CC 12456 37 63 the the DT 12456 37 64 Balearic Balearic NNP 12456 37 65 Islands Islands NNPS 12456 37 66 . . . 12456 38 1 The the DT 12456 38 2 rest rest NN 12456 38 3 of of IN 12456 38 4 the the DT 12456 38 5 country country NN 12456 38 6 may may MD 12456 38 7 be be VB 12456 38 8 subdivided subdivide VBN 12456 38 9 by by IN 12456 38 10 a a DT 12456 38 11 line line NN 12456 38 12 to to IN 12456 38 13 the the DT 12456 38 14 north north NN 12456 38 15 of of IN 12456 38 16 which which WDT 12456 38 17 _ _ NNP 12456 38 18 c c NNP 12456 38 19 _ _ NNP 12456 38 20 before before IN 12456 38 21 _ _ NNP 12456 38 22 a a DT 12456 38 23 _ _ NNP 12456 38 24 becomes become VBZ 12456 38 25 _ _ NNP 12456 38 26 ch ch NNP 12456 38 27 _ _ NNP 12456 38 28 as as IN 12456 38 29 in in IN 12456 38 30 French French NNP 12456 38 31 , , , 12456 38 32 cant_a_re cant_a_re NNP 12456 38 33 producing produce VBG 12456 38 34 chant_a_r chant_a_r NNP 12456 38 35 , , , 12456 38 36 while while IN 12456 38 37 southwards southwards RB 12456 38 38 we -PRON- PRP 12456 38 39 find find VBP 12456 38 40 _ _ NNP 12456 38 41 c(k c(k NNP 12456 38 42 ) ) -RRB- 12456 38 43 _ _ NNP 12456 38 44 remaining remain VBG 12456 38 45 . . . 12456 39 1 The the DT 12456 39 2 Southern southern JJ 12456 39 3 dialects dialect NNS 12456 39 4 are be VBP 12456 39 5 those those DT 12456 39 6 of of IN 12456 39 7 Languedoc Languedoc NNP 12456 39 8 and and CC 12456 39 9 Provence Provence NNP 12456 39 10 ; ; : 12456 39 11 north north NN 12456 39 12 of of IN 12456 39 13 the the DT 12456 39 14 line line NN 12456 39 15 were be VBD 12456 39 16 the the DT 12456 39 17 Limousin Limousin NNP 12456 39 18 and and CC 12456 39 19 Auvergne Auvergne NNP 12456 39 20 dialects dialect NNS 12456 39 21 . . . 12456 40 1 At at IN 12456 40 2 the the DT 12456 40 3 present present JJ 12456 40 4 day day NN 12456 40 5 these these DT 12456 40 6 dialects dialect NNS 12456 40 7 have have VBP 12456 40 8 diverged diverge VBN 12456 40 9 very very RB 12456 40 10 widely widely RB 12456 40 11 . . . 12456 41 1 In in IN 12456 41 2 the the DT 12456 41 3 early early JJ 12456 41 4 middle middle JJ 12456 41 5 ages age NNS 12456 41 6 the the DT 12456 41 7 difference difference NN 12456 41 8 between between IN 12456 41 9 them -PRON- PRP 12456 41 10 was be VBD 12456 41 11 by by IN 12456 41 12 no no DT 12456 41 13 means mean NNS 12456 41 14 so so RB 12456 41 15 great great JJ 12456 41 16 . . . 12456 42 1 Moreover moreover RB 12456 42 2 , , , 12456 42 3 a a DT 12456 42 4 literary literary JJ 12456 42 5 [ [ -LRB- 12456 42 6 4 4 CD 12456 42 7 ] ] -RRB- 12456 42 8 language language NN 12456 42 9 grew grow VBD 12456 42 10 up up RP 12456 42 11 by by IN 12456 42 12 degrees degree NNS 12456 42 13 , , , 12456 42 14 owing owe VBG 12456 42 15 to to IN 12456 42 16 the the DT 12456 42 17 wide wide JJ 12456 42 18 circulation circulation NN 12456 42 19 of of IN 12456 42 20 poems poem NNS 12456 42 21 and and CC 12456 42 22 the the DT 12456 42 23 necessity necessity NN 12456 42 24 of of IN 12456 42 25 using use VBG 12456 42 26 a a DT 12456 42 27 dialect dialect NN 12456 42 28 which which WDT 12456 42 29 could could MD 12456 42 30 be be VB 12456 42 31 universally universally RB 12456 42 32 intelligible intelligible JJ 12456 42 33 . . . 12456 43 1 It -PRON- PRP 12456 43 2 was be VBD 12456 43 3 the the DT 12456 43 4 Limousin Limousin NNP 12456 43 5 dialect dialect NN 12456 43 6 which which WDT 12456 43 7 became become VBD 12456 43 8 , , , 12456 43 9 so so RB 12456 43 10 to to TO 12456 43 11 speak speak VB 12456 43 12 , , , 12456 43 13 the the DT 12456 43 14 backbone backbone NN 12456 43 15 of of IN 12456 43 16 this this DT 12456 43 17 literary literary JJ 12456 43 18 language language NN 12456 43 19 , , , 12456 43 20 now now RB 12456 43 21 generally generally RB 12456 43 22 known know VBN 12456 43 23 as as IN 12456 43 24 Provençal Provençal NNP 12456 43 25 , , , 12456 43 26 just just RB 12456 43 27 as as IN 12456 43 28 the the DT 12456 43 29 Tuscan Tuscan NNP 12456 43 30 became become VBD 12456 43 31 predominant predominant JJ 12456 43 32 for for IN 12456 43 33 literary literary JJ 12456 43 34 purposes purpose NNS 12456 43 35 among among IN 12456 43 36 the the DT 12456 43 37 Italian italian JJ 12456 43 38 dialects dialect NNS 12456 43 39 . . . 12456 44 1 It -PRON- PRP 12456 44 2 was be VBD 12456 44 3 in in IN 12456 44 4 Limousin Limousin NNP 12456 44 5 that that IN 12456 44 6 the the DT 12456 44 7 earliest early JJS 12456 44 8 troubadour troubadour JJ 12456 44 9 lyrics lyric NNS 12456 44 10 known know VBN 12456 44 11 to to IN 12456 44 12 us -PRON- PRP 12456 44 13 were be VBD 12456 44 14 composed compose VBN 12456 44 15 , , , 12456 44 16 and and CC 12456 44 17 this this DT 12456 44 18 district district NN 12456 44 19 with with IN 12456 44 20 the the DT 12456 44 21 adjacent adjacent JJ 12456 44 22 Poitou Poitou NNP 12456 44 23 and and CC 12456 44 24 Saintonge Saintonge NNP 12456 44 25 may may MD 12456 44 26 therefore therefore RB 12456 44 27 be be VB 12456 44 28 reasonably reasonably RB 12456 44 29 regarded regard VBN 12456 44 30 as as IN 12456 44 31 the the DT 12456 44 32 birthplace birthplace NN 12456 44 33 of of IN 12456 44 34 Provençal Provençal NNP 12456 44 35 lyric lyric NN 12456 44 36 poetry poetry NN 12456 44 37 . . . 12456 45 1 Hence hence RB 12456 45 2 the the DT 12456 45 3 term term NN 12456 45 4 " " `` 12456 45 5 Provençal Provençal NNP 12456 45 6 " " '' 12456 45 7 is be VBZ 12456 45 8 not not RB 12456 45 9 entirely entirely RB 12456 45 10 appropriate appropriate JJ 12456 45 11 to to TO 12456 45 12 describe describe VB 12456 45 13 the the DT 12456 45 14 literary literary JJ 12456 45 15 language language NN 12456 45 16 of of IN 12456 45 17 the the DT 12456 45 18 troubadours troubadour NNS 12456 45 19 , , , 12456 45 20 as as IN 12456 45 21 it -PRON- PRP 12456 45 22 may may MD 12456 45 23 also also RB 12456 45 24 be be VB 12456 45 25 restricted restrict VBN 12456 45 26 to to TO 12456 45 27 denote denote VB 12456 45 28 the the DT 12456 45 29 dialects dialect NNS 12456 45 30 spoken speak VBN 12456 45 31 in in IN 12456 45 32 the the DT 12456 45 33 " " `` 12456 45 34 Provincia Provincia NNP 12456 45 35 " " '' 12456 45 36 . . . 12456 46 1 This this DT 12456 46 2 difficulty difficulty NN 12456 46 3 was be VBD 12456 46 4 felt feel VBN 12456 46 5 at at IN 12456 46 6 an an DT 12456 46 7 early early JJ 12456 46 8 date date NN 12456 46 9 . . . 12456 47 1 The the DT 12456 47 2 first first JJ 12456 47 3 troubadours troubadour NNS 12456 47 4 spoke speak VBD 12456 47 5 of of IN 12456 47 6 their -PRON- PRP$ 12456 47 7 language language NN 12456 47 8 as as IN 12456 47 9 _ _ NNP 12456 47 10 roman roman JJ 12456 47 11 _ _ NNP 12456 47 12 or or CC 12456 47 13 _ _ NNP 12456 47 14 lingua lingua JJ 12456 47 15 romana romana NNP 12456 47 16 , , , 12456 47 17 _ _ NNP 12456 47 18 a a DT 12456 47 19 term term NN 12456 47 20 equally equally RB 12456 47 21 applicable applicable JJ 12456 47 22 to to IN 12456 47 23 any any DT 12456 47 24 other other JJ 12456 47 25 romance romance NN 12456 47 26 language language NN 12456 47 27 . . . 12456 48 1 _ _ NNP 12456 48 2 Lemosin Lemosin NNP 12456 48 3 _ _ NNP 12456 48 4 was be VBD 12456 48 5 also also RB 12456 48 6 used use VBN 12456 48 7 , , , 12456 48 8 which which WDT 12456 48 9 was be VBD 12456 48 10 too too RB 12456 48 11 restricted restrict VBN 12456 48 12 a a DT 12456 48 13 term term NN 12456 48 14 , , , 12456 48 15 and and CC 12456 48 16 was be VBD 12456 48 17 also also RB 12456 48 18 appropriated appropriate VBN 12456 48 19 by by IN 12456 48 20 the the DT 12456 48 21 Catalonians Catalonians NNPS 12456 48 22 to to TO 12456 48 23 denote denote VB 12456 48 24 their -PRON- PRP$ 12456 48 25 own own JJ 12456 48 26 dialect dialect NN 12456 48 27 . . . 12456 49 1 A a DT 12456 49 2 third third JJ 12456 49 3 term term NN 12456 49 4 in in IN 12456 49 5 use use NN 12456 49 6 was be VBD 12456 49 7 the the DT 12456 49 8 _ _ NNP 12456 49 9 lingua lingua NN 12456 49 10 d'oc d'oc NN 12456 49 11 , , , 12456 49 12 _ _ NNP 12456 49 13 which which WDT 12456 49 14 has have VBZ 12456 49 15 the the DT 12456 49 16 authority authority NN 12456 49 17 of of IN 12456 49 18 Dante Dante NNP 12456 49 19 [ [ -LRB- 12456 49 20 2 2 CD 12456 49 21 ] ] -RRB- 12456 49 22 and and CC 12456 49 23 was be VBD 12456 49 24 used use VBN 12456 49 25 by by IN 12456 49 26 some some DT 12456 49 27 of of IN 12456 49 28 the the DT 12456 49 29 later later JJ 12456 49 30 troubadours troubadour NNS 12456 49 31 ; ; , 12456 49 32 however however RB 12456 49 33 , , , 12456 49 34 the the DT 12456 49 35 term term NN 12456 49 36 " " `` 12456 49 37 Provençal Provençal NNP 12456 49 38 " " '' 12456 49 39 has have VBZ 12456 49 40 been be VBN 12456 49 41 generally generally RB 12456 49 42 accepted accept VBN 12456 49 43 , , , 12456 49 44 and and CC 12456 49 45 must must MD 12456 49 46 henceforward henceforward RB 12456 49 47 be be VB 12456 49 48 understood understand VBN 12456 49 49 to to TO 12456 49 50 denote denote VB 12456 49 51 the the DT 12456 49 52 literary literary JJ 12456 49 53 language language NN 12456 49 54 common common JJ 12456 49 55 to to IN 12456 49 56 the the DT 12456 49 57 [ [ -LRB- 12456 49 58 5 5 CD 12456 49 59 ] ] -RRB- 12456 49 60 south south NN 12456 49 61 of of IN 12456 49 62 France France NNP 12456 49 63 and and CC 12456 49 64 not not RB 12456 49 65 the the DT 12456 49 66 dialect dialect NN 12456 49 67 of of IN 12456 49 68 Provence Provence NNP 12456 49 69 properly properly RB 12456 49 70 so so RB 12456 49 71 - - HYPH 12456 49 72 called call VBN 12456 49 73 . . . 12456 50 1 For for IN 12456 50 2 obvious obvious JJ 12456 50 3 reasons reason NNS 12456 50 4 Southern Southern NNP 12456 50 5 France France NNP 12456 50 6 during during IN 12456 50 7 the the DT 12456 50 8 early early JJ 12456 50 9 middle middle JJ 12456 50 10 ages age NNS 12456 50 11 had have VBD 12456 50 12 far far RB 12456 50 13 outstripped outstrip VBN 12456 50 14 the the DT 12456 50 15 Northern northern JJ 12456 50 16 provinces province NNS 12456 50 17 in in IN 12456 50 18 art art NN 12456 50 19 , , , 12456 50 20 learning learning NN 12456 50 21 , , , 12456 50 22 and and CC 12456 50 23 the the DT 12456 50 24 refinements refinement NNS 12456 50 25 of of IN 12456 50 26 civilisation civilisation NN 12456 50 27 . . . 12456 51 1 Roman roman JJ 12456 51 2 culture culture NN 12456 51 3 had have VBD 12456 51 4 made make VBN 12456 51 5 its -PRON- PRP$ 12456 51 6 way way NN 12456 51 7 into into IN 12456 51 8 Southern Southern NNP 12456 51 9 Gaul Gaul NNP 12456 51 10 at at IN 12456 51 11 an an DT 12456 51 12 early early JJ 12456 51 13 date date NN 12456 51 14 and and CC 12456 51 15 had have VBD 12456 51 16 been be VBN 12456 51 17 readily readily RB 12456 51 18 accepted accept VBN 12456 51 19 by by IN 12456 51 20 the the DT 12456 51 21 inhabitants inhabitant NNS 12456 51 22 , , , 12456 51 23 while while IN 12456 51 24 Marseilles Marseilles NNP 12456 51 25 and and CC 12456 51 26 Narbonne Narbonne NNP 12456 51 27 had have VBD 12456 51 28 also also RB 12456 51 29 known know VBN 12456 51 30 something something NN 12456 51 31 of of IN 12456 51 32 Greek greek JJ 12456 51 33 civilisation civilisation NN 12456 51 34 . . . 12456 52 1 Bordeaux bordeaux JJ 12456 52 2 , , , 12456 52 3 Toulouse Toulouse NNP 12456 52 4 , , , 12456 52 5 Arles Arles NNPS 12456 52 6 , , , 12456 52 7 Lyons Lyons NNP 12456 52 8 and and CC 12456 52 9 other other JJ 12456 52 10 towns town NNS 12456 52 11 were be VBD 12456 52 12 flourishing flourish VBG 12456 52 13 and and CC 12456 52 14 brilliant brilliant JJ 12456 52 15 centres centre NNS 12456 52 16 of of IN 12456 52 17 civilisation civilisation NN 12456 52 18 at at IN 12456 52 19 a a DT 12456 52 20 time time NN 12456 52 21 when when WRB 12456 52 22 Northern Northern NNP 12456 52 23 France France NNP 12456 52 24 was be VBD 12456 52 25 struggling struggle VBG 12456 52 26 with with IN 12456 52 27 foreign foreign JJ 12456 52 28 invaders invader NNS 12456 52 29 . . . 12456 53 1 It -PRON- PRP 12456 53 2 was be VBD 12456 53 3 in in IN 12456 53 4 Southern Southern NNP 12456 53 5 Gaul Gaul NNP 12456 53 6 , , , 12456 53 7 again again RB 12456 53 8 , , , 12456 53 9 that that IN 12456 53 10 Christianity Christianity NNP 12456 53 11 first first RB 12456 53 12 obtained obtain VBD 12456 53 13 a a DT 12456 53 14 footing footing NN 12456 53 15 ; ; : 12456 53 16 here here RB 12456 53 17 the the DT 12456 53 18 barbarian barbarian JJ 12456 53 19 invasions invasion NNS 12456 53 20 of of IN 12456 53 21 the the DT 12456 53 22 fifth fifth JJ 12456 53 23 and and CC 12456 53 24 sixth sixth JJ 12456 53 25 centuries century NNS 12456 53 26 proved prove VBD 12456 53 27 less less RBR 12456 53 28 destructive destructive JJ 12456 53 29 to to IN 12456 53 30 civilisation civilisation NN 12456 53 31 than than IN 12456 53 32 in in IN 12456 53 33 Northern Northern NNP 12456 53 34 France France NNP 12456 53 35 , , , 12456 53 36 and and CC 12456 53 37 the the DT 12456 53 38 Visigoths Visigoths NNPS 12456 53 39 seem seem VBP 12456 53 40 to to TO 12456 53 41 have have VB 12456 53 42 been be VBN 12456 53 43 more more RBR 12456 53 44 amenable amenable JJ 12456 53 45 to to IN 12456 53 46 the the DT 12456 53 47 influences influence NNS 12456 53 48 of of IN 12456 53 49 culture culture NN 12456 53 50 than than IN 12456 53 51 the the DT 12456 53 52 Northern Northern NNP 12456 53 53 Franks Franks NNP 12456 53 54 . . . 12456 54 1 Thus thus RB 12456 54 2 the the DT 12456 54 3 towns town NNS 12456 54 4 of of IN 12456 54 5 Southern Southern NNP 12456 54 6 Gaul Gaul NNP 12456 54 7 apparently apparently RB 12456 54 8 remained remain VBD 12456 54 9 centres centre NNS 12456 54 10 in in IN 12456 54 11 which which WDT 12456 54 12 artistic artistic JJ 12456 54 13 and and CC 12456 54 14 literary literary JJ 12456 54 15 traditions tradition NNS 12456 54 16 were be VBD 12456 54 17 preserved preserve VBN 12456 54 18 more more RBR 12456 54 19 or or CC 12456 54 20 less less RBR 12456 54 21 successfully successfully RB 12456 54 22 until until IN 12456 54 23 the the DT 12456 54 24 revival revival NN 12456 54 25 of of IN 12456 54 26 classical classical JJ 12456 54 27 studies study NNS 12456 54 28 during during IN 12456 54 29 the the DT 12456 54 30 age age NN 12456 54 31 of of IN 12456 54 32 Charlemagne Charlemagne NNP 12456 54 33 . . . 12456 55 1 The the DT 12456 55 2 climate climate NN 12456 55 3 , , , 12456 55 4 again again RB 12456 55 5 , , , 12456 55 6 of of IN 12456 55 7 Southern Southern NNP 12456 55 8 France France NNP 12456 55 9 is be VBZ 12456 55 10 milder milder NN 12456 55 11 and and CC 12456 55 12 warmer warm JJR 12456 55 13 than than IN 12456 55 14 that that DT 12456 55 15 of of IN 12456 55 16 the the DT 12456 55 17 North North NNP 12456 55 18 , , , 12456 55 19 and and CC 12456 55 20 these these DT 12456 55 21 influences influence NNS 12456 55 22 produced produce VBD 12456 55 23 a a DT 12456 55 24 difference difference NN 12456 55 25 which which WDT 12456 55 26 may may MD 12456 55 27 almost almost RB 12456 55 28 be be VB 12456 55 29 termed term VBN 12456 55 30 racial racial JJ 12456 55 31 . . . 12456 56 1 It -PRON- PRP 12456 56 2 is be VBZ 12456 56 3 a a DT 12456 56 4 difference difference NN 12456 56 5 visible visible JJ 12456 56 6 even even RB 12456 56 7 to to IN 12456 56 8 - - HYPH 12456 56 9 day day NN 12456 56 10 and and CC 12456 56 11 is be VBZ 12456 56 12 well well RB 12456 56 13 expressed express VBN 12456 56 14 by by IN 12456 56 15 [ [ -LRB- 12456 56 16 6 6 CD 12456 56 17 ] ] -RRB- 12456 56 18 the the DT 12456 56 19 chronicler chronicler NN 12456 56 20 Raoul Raoul NNP 12456 56 21 de de NNP 12456 56 22 Caen Caen NNP 12456 56 23 , , , 12456 56 24 who who WP 12456 56 25 speaks speak VBZ 12456 56 26 of of IN 12456 56 27 the the DT 12456 56 28 Provençal Provençal NNP 12456 56 29 Crusaders Crusaders NNPS 12456 56 30 , , , 12456 56 31 saying say VBG 12456 56 32 that that IN 12456 56 33 the the DT 12456 56 34 French French NNP 12456 56 35 were be VBD 12456 56 36 prouder prouder JJ 12456 56 37 in in IN 12456 56 38 bearing bear VBG 12456 56 39 and and CC 12456 56 40 more more JJR 12456 56 41 war war NN 12456 56 42 - - , 12456 56 43 like like JJ 12456 56 44 in in IN 12456 56 45 action action NN 12456 56 46 than than IN 12456 56 47 the the DT 12456 56 48 Provençals Provençals NNPS 12456 56 49 , , , 12456 56 50 who who WP 12456 56 51 especially especially RB 12456 56 52 contrasted contrast VBD 12456 56 53 with with IN 12456 56 54 them -PRON- PRP 12456 56 55 by by IN 12456 56 56 their -PRON- PRP$ 12456 56 57 skill skill NN 12456 56 58 in in IN 12456 56 59 procuring procure VBG 12456 56 60 food food NN 12456 56 61 in in IN 12456 56 62 times time NNS 12456 56 63 of of IN 12456 56 64 famine famine NN 12456 56 65 : : : 12456 56 66 " " `` 12456 56 67 inde inde NNP 12456 56 68 est est NNP 12456 56 69 , , , 12456 56 70 quod quod NNP 12456 56 71 adhuc adhuc NNP 12456 56 72 puerorum puerorum NNP 12456 56 73 decantat decantat NNP 12456 56 74 naenia naenia NNP 12456 56 75 , , , 12456 56 76 Franci Franci NNP 12456 56 77 ad ad NN 12456 56 78 bella bella NN 12456 56 79 , , , 12456 56 80 Provinciales Provinciales NNP 12456 56 81 ad ad NN 12456 56 82 victualia victualia NN 12456 56 83 " " '' 12456 56 84 . . . 12456 57 1 [ [ -LRB- 12456 57 2 3 3 LS 12456 57 3 ] ] -RRB- 12456 57 4 Only only RB 12456 57 5 a a DT 12456 57 6 century century NN 12456 57 7 and and CC 12456 57 8 a a DT 12456 57 9 half half NN 12456 57 10 later later RB 12456 57 11 than than IN 12456 57 12 Charlemagne Charlemagne NNP 12456 57 13 appeared appear VBD 12456 57 14 the the DT 12456 57 15 first first JJ 12456 57 16 poetical poetical JJ 12456 57 17 productions production NNS 12456 57 18 in in IN 12456 57 19 Provençal Provençal NNP 12456 57 20 which which WDT 12456 57 21 are be VBP 12456 57 22 known know VBN 12456 57 23 to to IN 12456 57 24 us -PRON- PRP 12456 57 25 , , , 12456 57 26 a a DT 12456 57 27 fragment fragment NN 12456 57 28 of of IN 12456 57 29 a a DT 12456 57 30 commentary commentary NN 12456 57 31 upon upon IN 12456 57 32 the the DT 12456 57 33 De De NNP 12456 57 34 Consolatione Consolatione NNP 12456 57 35 of of IN 12456 57 36 Boethius[4 Boethius[4 NNP 12456 57 37 ] ] -RRB- 12456 57 38 and and CC 12456 57 39 a a DT 12456 57 40 poem poem NN 12456 57 41 upon upon IN 12456 57 42 St St NNP 12456 57 43 Foy Foy NNP 12456 57 44 of of IN 12456 57 45 Agen Agen NNP 12456 57 46 . . . 12456 58 1 The the DT 12456 58 2 first first JJ 12456 58 3 troubadour troubadour JJ 12456 58 4 , , , 12456 58 5 William William NNP 12456 58 6 , , , 12456 58 7 Count Count NNP 12456 58 8 of of IN 12456 58 9 Poitiers Poitiers NNP 12456 58 10 , , , 12456 58 11 belongs belong VBZ 12456 58 12 to to IN 12456 58 13 the the DT 12456 58 14 close close NN 12456 58 15 of of IN 12456 58 16 the the DT 12456 58 17 eleventh eleventh JJ 12456 58 18 century century NN 12456 58 19 . . . 12456 59 1 Though though IN 12456 59 2 the the DT 12456 59 3 Count Count NNP 12456 59 4 of of IN 12456 59 5 Poitiers Poitiers NNP 12456 59 6 is be VBZ 12456 59 7 the the DT 12456 59 8 first first JJ 12456 59 9 troubadour troubadour NN 12456 59 10 known know VBN 12456 59 11 to to IN 12456 59 12 us -PRON- PRP 12456 59 13 , , , 12456 59 14 the the DT 12456 59 15 relatively relatively RB 12456 59 16 high high JJ 12456 59 17 excellence excellence NN 12456 59 18 of of IN 12456 59 19 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 59 20 technique technique NN 12456 59 21 , , , 12456 59 22 as as IN 12456 59 23 regards regard VBZ 12456 59 24 stanza stanza JJ 12456 59 25 construction construction NN 12456 59 26 and and CC 12456 59 27 rime rime NN 12456 59 28 , , , 12456 59 29 and and CC 12456 59 30 the the DT 12456 59 31 capacity capacity NN 12456 59 32 of of IN 12456 59 33 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 59 34 language language NN 12456 59 35 for for IN 12456 59 36 expressing express VBG 12456 59 37 lofty lofty JJ 12456 59 38 and and CC 12456 59 39 refined refined JJ 12456 59 40 ideas idea NNS 12456 59 41 in in IN 12456 59 42 poetical poetical JJ 12456 59 43 form form NN 12456 59 44 ( ( -LRB- 12456 59 45 in in IN 12456 59 46 spite spite NN 12456 59 47 of of IN 12456 59 48 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 59 49 occasional occasional JJ 12456 59 50 lapses lapse NNS 12456 59 51 into into IN 12456 59 52 coarseness coarseness NN 12456 59 53 ) ) -RRB- 12456 59 54 , , , 12456 59 55 entirely entirely RB 12456 59 56 preclude preclude VBP 12456 59 57 the the DT 12456 59 58 supposition supposition NN 12456 59 59 that that IN 12456 59 60 he -PRON- PRP 12456 59 61 was be VBD 12456 59 62 the the DT 12456 59 63 first first JJ 12456 59 64 troubadour troubadour NN 12456 59 65 in in IN 12456 59 66 point point NN 12456 59 67 of of IN 12456 59 68 time time NN 12456 59 69 . . . 12456 60 1 The the DT 12456 60 2 artistic artistic JJ 12456 60 3 conventions convention NNS 12456 60 4 apparent apparent JJ 12456 60 5 in in IN 12456 60 6 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 60 7 poetry poetry NN 12456 60 8 and and CC 12456 60 9 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 60 10 obviously obviously RB 12456 60 11 careful careful JJ 12456 60 12 respect respect NN 12456 60 13 for for IN 12456 60 14 fixed fix VBN 12456 60 15 rules rule NNS 12456 60 16 oblige oblige VBP 12456 60 17 us -PRON- PRP 12456 60 18 to to TO 12456 60 19 regard regard VB 12456 60 20 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 60 21 poetry poetry NN 12456 60 22 as as IN 12456 60 23 the the DT 12456 60 24 outcome outcome NN 12456 60 25 of of IN 12456 60 26 a a DT 12456 60 27 considerable considerable JJ 12456 60 28 stage stage NN 12456 60 29 of of IN 12456 60 30 previous previous JJ 12456 60 31 development development NN 12456 60 32 . . . 12456 61 1 At at IN 12456 61 2 what what WDT 12456 61 3 point point NN 12456 61 4 this this DT 12456 61 5 development development NN 12456 61 6 began begin VBD 12456 61 7 and and CC 12456 61 8 what what WDT 12456 61 9 influences influence NNS 12456 61 10 stimulated stimulate VBD 12456 61 11 its -PRON- PRP$ 12456 61 12 progress progress NN 12456 61 13 are be VBP 12456 61 14 questions question NNS 12456 61 15 which which WDT 12456 61 16 still still RB 12456 61 17 remain remain VBP 12456 61 18 in in IN 12456 61 19 [ [ -LRB- 12456 61 20 7 7 CD 12456 61 21 ] ] -RRB- 12456 61 22 dispute dispute NN 12456 61 23 . . . 12456 62 1 Three three CD 12456 62 2 theories theory NNS 12456 62 3 have have VBP 12456 62 4 been be VBN 12456 62 5 proposed propose VBN 12456 62 6 . . . 12456 63 1 It -PRON- PRP 12456 63 2 is be VBZ 12456 63 3 , , , 12456 63 4 in in IN 12456 63 5 the the DT 12456 63 6 first first JJ 12456 63 7 place place NN 12456 63 8 , , , 12456 63 9 obviously obviously RB 12456 63 10 tempting tempt VBG 12456 63 11 to to TO 12456 63 12 explain explain VB 12456 63 13 the the DT 12456 63 14 origin origin NN 12456 63 15 of of IN 12456 63 16 Provençal Provençal NNP 12456 63 17 poetry poetry NN 12456 63 18 as as IN 12456 63 19 being be VBG 12456 63 20 a a DT 12456 63 21 continuation continuation NN 12456 63 22 of of IN 12456 63 23 Latin latin JJ 12456 63 24 poetry poetry NN 12456 63 25 in in IN 12456 63 26 its -PRON- PRP$ 12456 63 27 decadence decadence NN 12456 63 28 . . . 12456 64 1 When when WRB 12456 64 2 the the DT 12456 64 3 Romans Romans NNPS 12456 64 4 settled settle VBD 12456 64 5 in in IN 12456 64 6 Gaul Gaul NNP 12456 64 7 they -PRON- PRP 12456 64 8 brought bring VBD 12456 64 9 with with IN 12456 64 10 them -PRON- PRP 12456 64 11 their -PRON- PRP$ 12456 64 12 amusements amusement NNS 12456 64 13 as as RB 12456 64 14 well well RB 12456 64 15 as as IN 12456 64 16 their -PRON- PRP$ 12456 64 17 laws law NNS 12456 64 18 and and CC 12456 64 19 institutions institution NNS 12456 64 20 . . . 12456 65 1 Their -PRON- PRP$ 12456 65 2 _ _ NNP 12456 65 3 scurrae scurrae NNS 12456 65 4 _ _ NNP 12456 65 5 , , , 12456 65 6 _ _ NNP 12456 65 7 thymelici thymelici NNP 12456 65 8 _ _ NNP 12456 65 9 and and CC 12456 65 10 _ _ NNP 12456 65 11 joculatores joculatores NNPS 12456 65 12 _ _ NNP 12456 65 13 , , , 12456 65 14 the the DT 12456 65 15 tumblers tumbler NNS 12456 65 16 , , , 12456 65 17 clowns clown NNS 12456 65 18 and and CC 12456 65 19 mountebanks mountebank NNS 12456 65 20 , , , 12456 65 21 who who WP 12456 65 22 amused amuse VBD 12456 65 23 the the DT 12456 65 24 common common JJ 12456 65 25 people people NNS 12456 65 26 by by IN 12456 65 27 day day NN 12456 65 28 and and CC 12456 65 29 the the DT 12456 65 30 nobles noble NNS 12456 65 31 after after IN 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buffoons buffoon NNS 12456 66 8 ; ; : 12456 66 9 but but CC 12456 66 10 in in IN 12456 66 11 the the DT 12456 66 12 South South NNP 12456 66 13 , , , 12456 66 14 where where WRB 12456 66 15 the the DT 12456 66 16 greater great JJR 12456 66 17 refinement refinement NN 12456 66 18 of of IN 12456 66 19 life life NN 12456 66 20 demanded demand VBD 12456 66 21 more more JJR 12456 66 22 artistic artistic JJ 12456 66 23 performance performance NN 12456 66 24 , , , 12456 66 25 the the DT 12456 66 26 musical musical JJ 12456 66 27 part part NN 12456 66 28 of of IN 12456 66 29 their -PRON- PRP$ 12456 66 30 entertainment entertainment NN 12456 66 31 became become VBD 12456 66 32 predominant predominant JJ 12456 66 33 and and CC 12456 66 34 the the DT 12456 66 35 _ _ NNP 12456 66 36 joculator joculator NN 12456 66 37 _ _ NNP 12456 66 38 became become VBD 12456 66 39 the the DT 12456 66 40 _ _ NNP 12456 66 41 joglar joglar NNP 12456 66 42 _ _ NNP 12456 66 43 ( ( -LRB- 12456 66 44 Northern Northern NNP 12456 66 45 French French NNP 12456 66 46 , , , 12456 66 47 _ _ NNP 12456 66 48 jongleur jongleur NNP 12456 66 49 _ _ NNP 12456 66 50 ) ) -RRB- 12456 66 51 , , , 12456 66 52 a a DT 12456 66 53 wandering wander VBG 12456 66 54 musician musician NN 12456 66 55 and and CC 12456 66 56 eventually eventually RB 12456 66 57 a a DT 12456 66 58 troubadour troubadour NN 12456 66 59 , , , 12456 66 60 a a DT 12456 66 61 composer composer NN 12456 66 62 of of IN 12456 66 63 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 66 64 own own JJ 12456 66 65 poems poem NNS 12456 66 66 . . . 12456 67 1 These these DT 12456 67 2 latter latter JJ 12456 67 3 were be VBD 12456 67 4 no no RB 12456 67 5 longer long RBR 12456 67 6 the the DT 12456 67 7 gross gross JJ 12456 67 8 and and CC 12456 67 9 coarse coarse JJ 12456 67 10 songs song NNS 12456 67 11 of of IN 12456 67 12 the the DT 12456 67 13 earlier early JJR 12456 67 14 mountebank mountebank NNP 12456 67 15 age age NN 12456 67 16 , , , 12456 67 17 which which WDT 12456 67 18 Alcuin Alcuin NNP 12456 67 19 characterised characterise VBD 12456 67 20 as as IN 12456 67 21 _ _ NNP 12456 67 22 turpissima turpissima NNP 12456 67 23 _ _ NNP 12456 67 24 and and CC 12456 67 25 _ _ NNP 12456 67 26 vanissima vanissima NNP 12456 67 27 _ _ NNP 12456 67 28 , , , 12456 67 29 but but CC 12456 67 30 the the DT 12456 67 31 grave grave NN 12456 67 32 and and CC 12456 67 33 artificially artificially RB 12456 67 34 wrought work VBD 12456 67 35 stanzas stanza NNS 12456 67 36 of of IN 12456 67 37 the the DT 12456 67 38 troubadour troubadour JJ 12456 67 39 _ _ NNP 12456 67 40 chanso chanso NN 12456 67 41 _ _ NNP 12456 67 42 . . . 12456 68 1 Secondly secondly RB 12456 68 2 , , , 12456 68 3 it -PRON- PRP 12456 68 4 has have VBZ 12456 68 5 been be VBN 12456 68 6 felt feel VBN 12456 68 7 that that IN 12456 68 8 some some DT 12456 68 9 explanation explanation NN 12456 68 10 is be VBZ 12456 68 11 required require VBN 12456 68 12 to to TO 12456 68 13 account account VB 12456 68 14 for for IN 12456 68 15 the the DT 12456 68 16 extreme extreme JJ 12456 68 17 complexity complexity NN 12456 68 18 and and CC 12456 68 19 artificiality artificiality NN 12456 68 20 of of IN 12456 68 21 troubadour troubadour JJ 12456 68 22 poetry poetry NN 12456 68 23 in in IN 12456 68 24 its -PRON- PRP$ 12456 68 25 most most RBS 12456 68 26 highly highly RB 12456 68 27 developed developed JJ 12456 68 28 stage stage NN 12456 68 29 . . . 12456 69 1 Some some DT 12456 69 2 nine nine CD 12456 69 3 hundred hundred CD 12456 69 4 different different JJ 12456 69 5 forms form NNS 12456 69 6 of of IN 12456 69 7 stanza stanza NNP 12456 69 8 [ [ -LRB- 12456 69 9 8 8 CD 12456 69 10 ] ] -RRB- 12456 69 11 construction construction NN 12456 69 12 are be VBP 12456 69 13 to to TO 12456 69 14 be be VB 12456 69 15 found find VBN 12456 69 16 in in IN 12456 69 17 the the DT 12456 69 18 body body NN 12456 69 19 of of IN 12456 69 20 troubadour troubadour JJ 12456 69 21 poetry,[5 poetry,[5 NN 12456 69 22 ] ] -RRB- 12456 69 23 and and CC 12456 69 24 few few JJ 12456 69 25 , , , 12456 69 26 if if IN 12456 69 27 any any DT 12456 69 28 schools school NNS 12456 69 29 of of IN 12456 69 30 lyric lyric NN 12456 69 31 poetry poetry NN 12456 69 32 in in IN 12456 69 33 the the DT 12456 69 34 world world NN 12456 69 35 , , , 12456 69 36 can can MD 12456 69 37 show show VB 12456 69 38 a a DT 12456 69 39 higher high JJR 12456 69 40 degree degree NN 12456 69 41 of of IN 12456 69 42 technical technical JJ 12456 69 43 perfection perfection NN 12456 69 44 in in IN 12456 69 45 point point NN 12456 69 46 of of IN 12456 69 47 metrical metrical JJ 12456 69 48 diversity diversity NN 12456 69 49 , , , 12456 69 50 complex complex JJ 12456 69 51 stanza stanza JJ 12456 69 52 construction construction NN 12456 69 53 and and CC 12456 69 54 accuracy accuracy NN 12456 69 55 in in IN 12456 69 56 the the DT 12456 69 57 use use NN 12456 69 58 of of IN 12456 69 59 rime rime NN 12456 69 60 . . . 12456 70 1 This this DT 12456 70 2 result result NN 12456 70 3 has have VBZ 12456 70 4 been be VBN 12456 70 5 ascribed ascribe VBN 12456 70 6 to to IN 12456 70 7 Arabic arabic JJ 12456 70 8 influence influence NN 12456 70 9 during during IN 12456 70 10 the the DT 12456 70 11 eighth eighth JJ 12456 70 12 century century NN 12456 70 13 ; ; : 12456 70 14 but but CC 12456 70 15 no no DT 12456 70 16 sufficient sufficient JJ 12456 70 17 proof proof NN 12456 70 18 has have VBZ 12456 70 19 ever ever RB 12456 70 20 been be VBN 12456 70 21 produced produce VBN 12456 70 22 that that IN 12456 70 23 the the DT 12456 70 24 complexities complexity NNS 12456 70 25 of of IN 12456 70 26 Arabic Arabic NNP 12456 70 27 and and CC 12456 70 28 Provençal Provençal NNP 12456 70 29 poetry poetry NN 12456 70 30 have have VBP 12456 70 31 sufficient sufficient JJ 12456 70 32 in in IN 12456 70 33 common common JJ 12456 70 34 to to TO 12456 70 35 make make VB 12456 70 36 this this DT 12456 70 37 hypothesis hypothesis NN 12456 70 38 anything anything NN 12456 70 39 more more JJR 12456 70 40 than than IN 12456 70 41 an an DT 12456 70 42 ingenious ingenious JJ 12456 70 43 conjecture conjecture NN 12456 70 44 . . . 12456 71 1 One one CD 12456 71 2 important important JJ 12456 71 3 fact fact NN 12456 71 4 stands stand VBZ 12456 71 5 in in IN 12456 71 6 contradiction contradiction NN 12456 71 7 to to IN 12456 71 8 these these DT 12456 71 9 theories theory NNS 12456 71 10 . . . 12456 72 1 All all DT 12456 72 2 indications indication NNS 12456 72 3 go go VBP 12456 72 4 to to TO 12456 72 5 prove prove VB 12456 72 6 that that IN 12456 72 7 the the DT 12456 72 8 origin origin NN 12456 72 9 of of IN 12456 72 10 troubadour troubadour PRP$ 12456 72 11 poetry poetry NN 12456 72 12 can can MD 12456 72 13 be be VB 12456 72 14 definitely definitely RB 12456 72 15 localised localise VBN 12456 72 16 in in IN 12456 72 17 a a DT 12456 72 18 particular particular JJ 12456 72 19 part part NN 12456 72 20 of of IN 12456 72 21 Southern Southern NNP 12456 72 22 France France NNP 12456 72 23 . . . 12456 73 1 We -PRON- PRP 12456 73 2 have have VBP 12456 73 3 seen see VBN 12456 73 4 that that IN 12456 73 5 the the DT 12456 73 6 Limousin Limousin NNP 12456 73 7 dialect dialect NN 12456 73 8 became become VBD 12456 73 9 the the DT 12456 73 10 basis basis NN 12456 73 11 of of IN 12456 73 12 the the DT 12456 73 13 literary literary JJ 12456 73 14 language language NN 12456 73 15 , , , 12456 73 16 and and CC 12456 73 17 that that IN 12456 73 18 the the DT 12456 73 19 first first JJ 12456 73 20 troubadour troubadour NN 12456 73 21 known know VBN 12456 73 22 to to IN 12456 73 23 us -PRON- PRP 12456 73 24 belonged belong VBD 12456 73 25 to to IN 12456 73 26 Poitou Poitou NNP 12456 73 27 . . . 12456 74 1 It -PRON- PRP 12456 74 2 is be VBZ 12456 74 3 also also RB 12456 74 4 apparent apparent JJ 12456 74 5 that that IN 12456 74 6 in in IN 12456 74 7 the the DT 12456 74 8 Poitou Poitou NNP 12456 74 9 district district NN 12456 74 10 , , , 12456 74 11 upon upon IN 12456 74 12 the the DT 12456 74 13 border border NN 12456 74 14 line line NN 12456 74 15 of of IN 12456 74 16 the the DT 12456 74 17 French French NNP 12456 74 18 and and CC 12456 74 19 Provençal Provençal NNP 12456 74 20 languages language NNS 12456 74 21 , , , 12456 74 22 popular popular JJ 12456 74 23 songs song NNS 12456 74 24 existed exist VBD 12456 74 25 and and CC 12456 74 26 were be VBD 12456 74 27 current current JJ 12456 74 28 among among IN 12456 74 29 the the DT 12456 74 30 country country NN 12456 74 31 people people NNS 12456 74 32 ; ; : 12456 74 33 these these DT 12456 74 34 were be VBD 12456 74 35 songs song NNS 12456 74 36 in in IN 12456 74 37 honour honour NN 12456 74 38 of of IN 12456 74 39 spring spring NN 12456 74 40 , , , 12456 74 41 pastorals pastoral NNS 12456 74 42 or or CC 12456 74 43 dialogues dialogue NNS 12456 74 44 between between IN 12456 74 45 a a DT 12456 74 46 knight knight NN 12456 74 47 and and CC 12456 74 48 a a DT 12456 74 49 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and CC 12456 75 29 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 75 30 lady lady NN 12456 75 31 and and CC 12456 75 32 giving give VBG 12456 75 33 him -PRON- PRP 12456 75 34 due due JJ 12456 75 35 warning warning NN 12456 75 36 of of IN 12456 75 37 the the DT 12456 75 38 approach approach NN 12456 75 39 of of IN 12456 75 40 dawn dawn NN 12456 75 41 or or CC 12456 75 42 [ [ -LRB- 12456 75 43 9 9 CD 12456 75 44 ] ] -RRB- 12456 75 45 of of IN 12456 75 46 any any DT 12456 75 47 other other JJ 12456 75 48 danger danger NN 12456 75 49 ; ; : 12456 75 50 there there EX 12456 75 51 are be VBP 12456 75 52 also also RB 12456 75 53 _ _ NNP 12456 75 54 ballatas ballata NNS 12456 75 55 _ _ NNP 12456 75 56 or or CC 12456 75 57 dance dance NN 12456 75 58 songs song NNS 12456 75 59 of of IN 12456 75 60 an an DT 12456 75 61 obviously obviously RB 12456 75 62 popular popular JJ 12456 75 63 type type NN 12456 75 64 . . . 12456 76 1 [ [ -LRB- 12456 76 2 6 6 CD 12456 76 3 ] ] -RRB- 12456 76 4 Whatever whatever WDT 12456 76 5 influence influence NN 12456 76 6 may may MD 12456 76 7 have have VB 12456 76 8 been be VBN 12456 76 9 exercised exercise VBN 12456 76 10 by by IN 12456 76 11 the the DT 12456 76 12 Latin latin JJ 12456 76 13 poetry poetry NN 12456 76 14 of of IN 12456 76 15 the the DT 12456 76 16 decadence decadence NN 12456 76 17 or or CC 12456 76 18 by by IN 12456 76 19 Arab arab JJ 12456 76 20 poetry poetry NN 12456 76 21 , , , 12456 76 22 it -PRON- PRP 12456 76 23 is be VBZ 12456 76 24 in in IN 12456 76 25 these these DT 12456 76 26 popular popular JJ 12456 76 27 and and CC 12456 76 28 native native JJ 12456 76 29 productions production NNS 12456 76 30 that that WDT 12456 76 31 we -PRON- PRP 12456 76 32 must must MD 12456 76 33 look look VB 12456 76 34 for for IN 12456 76 35 the the DT 12456 76 36 origins origin NNS 12456 76 37 of of IN 12456 76 38 the the DT 12456 76 39 troubadour troubadour JJ 12456 76 40 lyrics lyric NNS 12456 76 41 . . . 12456 77 1 This this DT 12456 77 2 popular popular JJ 12456 77 3 poetry poetry NN 12456 77 4 with with IN 12456 77 5 its -PRON- PRP$ 12456 77 6 simple simple JJ 12456 77 7 themes theme NNS 12456 77 8 and and CC 12456 77 9 homely homely RB 12456 77 10 treatment treatment NN 12456 77 11 of of IN 12456 77 12 them -PRON- PRP 12456 77 13 is be VBZ 12456 77 14 to to TO 12456 77 15 be be VB 12456 77 16 found find VBN 12456 77 17 in in IN 12456 77 18 many many JJ 12456 77 19 countries country NNS 12456 77 20 , , , 12456 77 21 and and CC 12456 77 22 diversity diversity NN 12456 77 23 of of IN 12456 77 24 race race NN 12456 77 25 is be VBZ 12456 77 26 often often RB 12456 77 27 no no DT 12456 77 28 bar bar NN 12456 77 29 to to IN 12456 77 30 strange strange JJ 12456 77 31 coincidence coincidence NN 12456 77 32 in in IN 12456 77 33 the the DT 12456 77 34 matter matter NN 12456 77 35 of of IN 12456 77 36 this this DT 12456 77 37 poetry poetry NN 12456 77 38 . . . 12456 78 1 It -PRON- PRP 12456 78 2 is be VBZ 12456 78 3 thus thus RB 12456 78 4 useless useless JJ 12456 78 5 to to TO 12456 78 6 attempt attempt VB 12456 78 7 to to TO 12456 78 8 fix fix VB 12456 78 9 any any DT 12456 78 10 date date NN 12456 78 11 for for IN 12456 78 12 the the DT 12456 78 13 beginnings beginning NNS 12456 78 14 of of IN 12456 78 15 troubadour troubadour JJ 12456 78 16 poetry poetry NN 12456 78 17 ; ; : 12456 78 18 its -PRON- PRP$ 12456 78 19 primitive primitive JJ 12456 78 20 form form NN 12456 78 21 doubtless doubtless RB 12456 78 22 existed exist VBD 12456 78 23 as as RB 12456 78 24 soon soon RB 12456 78 25 as as IN 12456 78 26 the the DT 12456 78 27 language language NN 12456 78 28 was be VBD 12456 78 29 sufficiently sufficiently RB 12456 78 30 advanced advanced JJ 12456 78 31 to to TO 12456 78 32 become become VB 12456 78 33 a a DT 12456 78 34 medium medium NN 12456 78 35 of of IN 12456 78 36 poetical poetical JJ 12456 78 37 expression expression NN 12456 78 38 . . . 12456 79 1 Some some DT 12456 79 2 of of IN 12456 79 3 these these DT 12456 79 4 popular popular JJ 12456 79 5 themes theme NNS 12456 79 6 were be VBD 12456 79 7 retained retain VBN 12456 79 8 by by IN 12456 79 9 the the DT 12456 79 10 troubadours troubadour NNS 12456 79 11 , , , 12456 79 12 the the DT 12456 79 13 _ _ NNP 12456 79 14 alba alba VBZ 12456 79 15 _ _ NNP 12456 79 16 and and CC 12456 79 17 _ _ NNP 12456 79 18 pastorela pastorela NNP 12456 79 19 _ _ NNP 12456 79 20 for for IN 12456 79 21 instance instance NN 12456 79 22 , , , 12456 79 23 and and CC 12456 79 24 were be VBD 12456 79 25 often often RB 12456 79 26 treated treat VBN 12456 79 27 by by IN 12456 79 28 them -PRON- PRP 12456 79 29 in in IN 12456 79 30 a a DT 12456 79 31 direct direct JJ 12456 79 32 and and CC 12456 79 33 simple simple JJ 12456 79 34 manner manner NN 12456 79 35 . . . 12456 80 1 The the DT 12456 80 2 Gascon Gascon NNP 12456 80 3 troubadour troubadour NN 12456 80 4 Cercamon Cercamon NNP 12456 80 5 is be VBZ 12456 80 6 said say VBN 12456 80 7 to to TO 12456 80 8 have have VB 12456 80 9 composed compose VBN 12456 80 10 pastorals pastoral NNS 12456 80 11 in in IN 12456 80 12 " " `` 12456 80 13 the the DT 12456 80 14 old old JJ 12456 80 15 style style NN 12456 80 16 . . . 12456 80 17 " " '' 12456 81 1 But but CC 12456 81 2 in in IN 12456 81 3 general general JJ 12456 81 4 , , , 12456 81 5 between between IN 12456 81 6 troubadour troubadour JJ 12456 81 7 poetry poetry NN 12456 81 8 and and CC 12456 81 9 the the DT 12456 81 10 popular popular JJ 12456 81 11 poetry poetry NN 12456 81 12 of of IN 12456 81 13 folk folk NN 12456 81 14 - - HYPH 12456 81 15 lore lore NNP 12456 81 16 , , , 12456 81 17 a a DT 12456 81 18 great great JJ 12456 81 19 gulf gulf NN 12456 81 20 is be VBZ 12456 81 21 fixed fix VBN 12456 81 22 , , , 12456 81 23 the the DT 12456 81 24 gulf gulf NNP 12456 81 25 of of IN 12456 81 26 artificiality artificiality NNP 12456 81 27 . . . 12456 82 1 The the DT 12456 82 2 very very JJ 12456 82 3 name name NN 12456 82 4 " " `` 12456 82 5 troubadour troubadour JJ 12456 82 6 " " '' 12456 82 7 points point NNS 12456 82 8 to to IN 12456 82 9 this this DT 12456 82 10 characteristic characteristic NN 12456 82 11 . . . 12456 83 1 _ _ NNP 12456 83 2 Trobador Trobador NNP 12456 83 3 _ _ NNP 12456 83 4 is be VBZ 12456 83 5 the the DT 12456 83 6 oblique oblique JJ 12456 83 7 case case NN 12456 83 8 of of IN 12456 83 9 the the DT 12456 83 10 nominative nominative JJ 12456 83 11 _ _ NNP 12456 83 12 trobaire trobaire NN 12456 83 13 _ _ NNP 12456 83 14 , , , 12456 83 15 a a DT 12456 83 16 substantive substantive NN 12456 83 17 from from IN 12456 83 18 the the DT 12456 83 19 verb verb NNP 12456 83 20 _ _ NNP 12456 83 21 trobar trobar NN 12456 83 22 _ _ NNP 12456 83 23 , , , 12456 83 24 in in IN 12456 83 25 modern modern JJ 12456 83 26 French French NNP 12456 83 27 _ _ NNP 12456 83 28 trouver trouver NN 12456 83 29 _ _ NNP 12456 83 30 . . . 12456 84 1 The the DT 12456 84 2 Northern Northern NNP 12456 84 3 French French NNP 12456 84 4 _ _ NNP 12456 84 5 trouvère trouvère NN 12456 84 6 _ _ NNP 12456 84 7 is be VBZ 12456 84 8 a a DT 12456 84 9 nominative nominative JJ 12456 84 10 form form NN 12456 84 11 , , , 12456 84 12 and and CC 12456 84 13 _ _ NNP 12456 84 14 trouveor trouveor NN 12456 84 15 _ _ NNP 12456 84 16 should should MD 12456 84 17 more more RBR 12456 84 18 properly properly RB 12456 84 19 correspond correspond VB 12456 84 20 with with IN 12456 84 21 _ _ NNP 12456 84 22 trobador trobador NNP 12456 84 23 _ _ NNP 12456 84 24 . . . 12456 85 1 The the DT 12456 85 2 accusative accusative JJ 12456 85 3 form form NN 12456 85 4 , , , 12456 85 5 which which WDT 12456 85 6 should should MD 12456 85 7 have have VB 12456 85 8 persisted persist VBN 12456 85 9 , , , 12456 85 10 was be VBD 12456 85 11 superseded supersede VBN 12456 85 12 by by IN 12456 85 13 the the DT 12456 85 14 [ [ -LRB- 12456 85 15 10 10 CD 12456 85 16 ] ] -RRB- 12456 85 17 nominative nominative JJ 12456 85 18 _ _ NNP 12456 85 19 trouvère trouvère NN 12456 85 20 _ _ NNP 12456 85 21 , , , 12456 85 22 which which WDT 12456 85 23 grammarians grammarians NNPS 12456 85 24 brought bring VBD 12456 85 25 into into IN 12456 85 26 fashion fashion NN 12456 85 27 at at IN 12456 85 28 the the DT 12456 85 29 end end NN 12456 85 30 of of IN 12456 85 31 the the DT 12456 85 32 eighteenth eighteenth JJ 12456 85 33 century century NN 12456 85 34 . . . 12456 86 1 The the DT 12456 86 2 verb verb JJ 12456 86 3 _ _ NNP 12456 86 4 trobar trobar NN 12456 86 5 _ _ NNP 12456 86 6 is be VBZ 12456 86 7 said say VBN 12456 86 8 to to TO 12456 86 9 be be VB 12456 86 10 derived derive VBN 12456 86 11 from from IN 12456 86 12 the the DT 12456 86 13 low low JJ 12456 86 14 Latin Latin NNP 12456 86 15 _ _ NNP 12456 86 16 tropus tropus NN 12456 86 17 _ _ NNP 12456 86 18 [ [ -LRB- 12456 86 19 Greek Greek NNP 12456 86 20 : : : 12456 86 21 tropus tropus NN 12456 86 22 ] ] -RRB- 12456 86 23 , , , 12456 86 24 an an DT 12456 86 25 air air NN 12456 86 26 or or CC 12456 86 27 melody melody NN 12456 86 28 : : : 12456 86 29 hence hence RB 12456 86 30 the the DT 12456 86 31 primitive primitive JJ 12456 86 32 meaning meaning NN 12456 86 33 of of IN 12456 86 34 _ _ NNP 12456 86 35 trobador trobador NNP 12456 86 36 _ _ NNP 12456 86 37 is be VBZ 12456 86 38 the the DT 12456 86 39 " " `` 12456 86 40 composer composer NN 12456 86 41 " " '' 12456 86 42 or or CC 12456 86 43 " " `` 12456 86 44 inventor inventor NN 12456 86 45 , , , 12456 86 46 " " '' 12456 86 47 in in IN 12456 86 48 the the DT 12456 86 49 first first JJ 12456 86 50 instance instance NN 12456 86 51 , , , 12456 86 52 of of IN 12456 86 53 new new JJ 12456 86 54 melodies melody NNS 12456 86 55 . . . 12456 87 1 As as IN 12456 87 2 such such JJ 12456 87 3 , , , 12456 87 4 he -PRON- PRP 12456 87 5 differs differ VBZ 12456 87 6 from from IN 12456 87 7 the the DT 12456 87 8 _ _ NNP 12456 87 9 vates vates NNPS 12456 87 10 _ _ NNP 12456 87 11 , , , 12456 87 12 the the DT 12456 87 13 inspired inspire VBN 12456 87 14 bard bard NN 12456 87 15 of of IN 12456 87 16 the the DT 12456 87 17 Romans Romans NNPS 12456 87 18 and and CC 12456 87 19 the the DT 12456 87 20 [ [ -LRB- 12456 87 21 Greek Greek NNP 12456 87 22 : : : 12456 87 23 poeta poeta NN 12456 87 24 ] ] -RRB- 12456 87 25 , , , 12456 87 26 poeta poeta NNP 12456 87 27 , , , 12456 87 28 the the DT 12456 87 29 creative creative JJ 12456 87 30 poet poet NN 12456 87 31 of of IN 12456 87 32 the the DT 12456 87 33 Greeks Greeks NNPS 12456 87 34 , , , 12456 87 35 the the DT 12456 87 36 " " `` 12456 87 37 maker maker NN 12456 87 38 " " '' 12456 87 39 of of IN 12456 87 40 Germanic Germanic NNP 12456 87 41 literature literature NN 12456 87 42 . . . 12456 88 1 Skilful skilful JJ 12456 88 2 variation variation NN 12456 88 3 upon upon IN 12456 88 4 a a DT 12456 88 5 given give VBN 12456 88 6 theme theme NN 12456 88 7 , , , 12456 88 8 rather rather RB 12456 88 9 than than IN 12456 88 10 inspired inspired JJ 12456 88 11 or or CC 12456 88 12 creative creative JJ 12456 88 13 power power NN 12456 88 14 , , , 12456 88 15 is be VBZ 12456 88 16 generally generally RB 12456 88 17 characteristic characteristic JJ 12456 88 18 of of IN 12456 88 19 the the DT 12456 88 20 troubadour troubadour JJ 12456 88 21 . . . 12456 89 1 Thus thus RB 12456 89 2 , , , 12456 89 3 whatever whatever WDT 12456 89 4 may may MD 12456 89 5 have have VB 12456 89 6 been be VBN 12456 89 7 the the DT 12456 89 8 origin origin NN 12456 89 9 of of IN 12456 89 10 troubadour troubadour JJ 12456 89 11 poetry poetry NN 12456 89 12 , , , 12456 89 13 it -PRON- PRP 12456 89 14 appears appear VBZ 12456 89 15 at at IN 12456 89 16 the the DT 12456 89 17 outset outset NN 12456 89 18 of of IN 12456 89 19 the the DT 12456 89 20 twelfth twelfth JJ 12456 89 21 century century NN 12456 89 22 as as IN 12456 89 23 a a DT 12456 89 24 poetry poetry NN 12456 89 25 essentially essentially RB 12456 89 26 aristocratic aristocratic JJ 12456 89 27 , , , 12456 89 28 intended intend VBN 12456 89 29 for for IN 12456 89 30 nobles noble NNS 12456 89 31 and and CC 12456 89 32 for for IN 12456 89 33 courts court NNS 12456 89 34 , , , 12456 89 35 appealing appeal VBG 12456 89 36 but but CC 12456 89 37 rarely rarely RB 12456 89 38 to to IN 12456 89 39 the the DT 12456 89 40 middle middle JJ 12456 89 41 classes class NNS 12456 89 42 and and CC 12456 89 43 to to IN 12456 89 44 the the DT 12456 89 45 common common JJ 12456 89 46 people people NNS 12456 89 47 not not RB 12456 89 48 at at RB 12456 89 49 all all RB 12456 89 50 . . . 12456 90 1 The the DT 12456 90 2 environment environment NN 12456 90 3 which which WDT 12456 90 4 enabled enable VBD 12456 90 5 this this DT 12456 90 6 poetry poetry NN 12456 90 7 to to TO 12456 90 8 exist exist VB 12456 90 9 was be VBD 12456 90 10 provided provide VBN 12456 90 11 by by IN 12456 90 12 the the DT 12456 90 13 feudal feudal JJ 12456 90 14 society society NN 12456 90 15 of of IN 12456 90 16 Southern Southern NNP 12456 90 17 France France NNP 12456 90 18 . . . 12456 91 1 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Folquet Folquet NNP 12456 92 15 of of IN 12456 92 16 Marseilles Marseilles NNP 12456 92 17 seems seem VBZ 12456 92 18 to to TO 12456 92 19 have have VB 12456 92 20 been be VBN 12456 92 21 a a DT 12456 92 22 merchant merchant NN 12456 92 23 of of IN 12456 92 24 wealth wealth NN 12456 92 25 , , , 12456 92 26 above above IN 12456 92 27 the the DT 12456 92 28 necessity necessity NN 12456 92 29 of of IN 12456 92 30 seeking seek VBG 12456 92 31 patronage patronage NN 12456 92 32 . . . 12456 93 1 But but CC 12456 93 2 troubadours troubadour NNS 12456 93 3 such such JJ 12456 93 4 as as IN 12456 93 5 Bernart Bernart NNP 12456 93 6 de de NNP 12456 93 7 Ventadour Ventadour NNP 12456 93 8 , , , 12456 93 9 the the DT 12456 93 10 son son NN 12456 93 11 of of IN 12456 93 12 the the DT 12456 93 13 [ [ -LRB- 12456 93 14 11 11 CD 12456 93 15 ] ] -RRB- 12456 93 16 stoker stoker NN 12456 93 17 in in IN 12456 93 18 the the DT 12456 93 19 castle castle NN 12456 93 20 of of IN 12456 93 21 Ventadour Ventadour NNP 12456 93 22 , , , 12456 93 23 Perdigon Perdigon NNP 12456 93 24 the the DT 12456 93 25 son son NN 12456 93 26 of of IN 12456 93 27 a a DT 12456 93 28 fisherman fisherman NN 12456 93 29 , , , 12456 93 30 and and CC 12456 93 31 many many JJ 12456 93 32 others other NNS 12456 93 33 of of IN 12456 93 34 like like IN 12456 93 35 origin origin NN 12456 93 36 depended depend VBD 12456 93 37 for for IN 12456 93 38 their -PRON- PRP$ 12456 93 39 livelihood livelihood NN 12456 93 40 and and CC 12456 93 41 advancement advancement NN 12456 93 42 upon upon IN 12456 93 43 the the DT 12456 93 44 favour favour NN 12456 93 45 of of IN 12456 93 46 patrons patron NNS 12456 93 47 . . . 12456 94 1 Thus thus RB 12456 94 2 the the DT 12456 94 3 troubadour troubadour JJ 12456 94 4 ranks rank NNS 12456 94 5 included include VBD 12456 94 6 all all DT 12456 94 7 sorts sort NNS 12456 94 8 and and CC 12456 94 9 conditions condition NNS 12456 94 10 of of IN 12456 94 11 men man NNS 12456 94 12 ; ; : 12456 94 13 monks monk NNS 12456 94 14 and and CC 12456 94 15 churchmen churchman NNS 12456 94 16 were be VBD 12456 94 17 to to TO 12456 94 18 be be VB 12456 94 19 found find VBN 12456 94 20 among among IN 12456 94 21 them -PRON- PRP 12456 94 22 , , , 12456 94 23 such such JJ 12456 94 24 as as IN 12456 94 25 the the DT 12456 94 26 monk monk NN 12456 94 27 of of IN 12456 94 28 Montaudon Montaudon NNP 12456 94 29 and and CC 12456 94 30 Peire Peire NNP 12456 94 31 Cardenal Cardenal NNP 12456 94 32 , , , 12456 94 33 though though IN 12456 94 34 the the DT 12456 94 35 Church Church NNP 12456 94 36 looked look VBD 12456 94 37 somewhat somewhat RB 12456 94 38 askance askance NN 12456 94 39 upon upon IN 12456 94 40 the the DT 12456 94 41 profession profession NN 12456 94 42 . . . 12456 95 1 Women woman NNS 12456 95 2 are be VBP 12456 95 3 also also RB 12456 95 4 numbered number VBN 12456 95 5 among among IN 12456 95 6 the the DT 12456 95 7 troubadours troubadour NNS 12456 95 8 ; ; : 12456 95 9 Beatrice Beatrice NNP 12456 95 10 , , , 12456 95 11 the the DT 12456 95 12 Countess Countess NNP 12456 95 13 of of IN 12456 95 14 Die Die NNP 12456 95 15 , , , 12456 95 16 is be VBZ 12456 95 17 the the DT 12456 95 18 most most RBS 12456 95 19 famous famous JJ 12456 95 20 of of IN 12456 95 21 these these DT 12456 95 22 . . . 12456 96 1 A a DT 12456 96 2 famous famous JJ 12456 96 3 troubadour troubadour NN 12456 96 4 usually usually RB 12456 96 5 circulated circulate VBD 12456 96 6 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 96 7 poems poem NNS 12456 96 8 by by IN 12456 96 9 the the DT 12456 96 10 mouth mouth NN 12456 96 11 of of IN 12456 96 12 a a DT 12456 96 13 _ _ NNP 12456 96 14 joglar joglar NNP 12456 96 15 _ _ NNP 12456 96 16 ( ( -LRB- 12456 96 17 Northern Northern NNP 12456 96 18 French French NNP 12456 96 19 , , , 12456 96 20 _ _ NNP 12456 96 21 jongleur jongleur NNP 12456 96 22 _ _ NNP 12456 96 23 ) ) -RRB- 12456 96 24 , , , 12456 96 25 who who WP 12456 96 26 recited recite VBD 12456 96 27 them -PRON- PRP 12456 96 28 at at IN 12456 96 29 different different JJ 12456 96 30 courts court NNS 12456 96 31 and and CC 12456 96 32 was be VBD 12456 96 33 often often RB 12456 96 34 sent send VBN 12456 96 35 long long JJ 12456 96 36 distances distance NNS 12456 96 37 by by IN 12456 96 38 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 96 39 master master NN 12456 96 40 for for IN 12456 96 41 this this DT 12456 96 42 purpose purpose NN 12456 96 43 . . . 12456 97 1 A a DT 12456 97 2 joglar joglar NN 12456 97 3 of of IN 12456 97 4 originality originality NN 12456 97 5 might may MD 12456 97 6 rise rise VB 12456 97 7 to to IN 12456 97 8 the the DT 12456 97 9 position position NN 12456 97 10 of of IN 12456 97 11 a a DT 12456 97 12 troubadour troubadour JJ 12456 97 13 , , , 12456 97 14 and and CC 12456 97 15 a a DT 12456 97 16 troubadour troubadour NN 12456 97 17 who who WP 12456 97 18 fell fall VBD 12456 97 19 upon upon IN 12456 97 20 evil evil JJ 12456 97 21 days day NNS 12456 97 22 might may MD 12456 97 23 sink sink VB 12456 97 24 to to IN 12456 97 25 the the DT 12456 97 26 profession profession NN 12456 97 27 of of IN 12456 97 28 joglar joglar NNP 12456 97 29 . . . 12456 98 1 Hence hence RB 12456 98 2 there there EX 12456 98 3 was be VBD 12456 98 4 naturally naturally RB 12456 98 5 some some DT 12456 98 6 confusion confusion NN 12456 98 7 between between IN 12456 98 8 the the DT 12456 98 9 troubadour troubadour NN 12456 98 10 and and CC 12456 98 11 the the DT 12456 98 12 joglar joglar NNP 12456 98 13 , , , 12456 98 14 and and CC 12456 98 15 poets poet NNS 12456 98 16 sometimes sometimes RB 12456 98 17 combined combine VBD 12456 98 18 the the DT 12456 98 19 two two CD 12456 98 20 functions function NNS 12456 98 21 . . . 12456 99 1 In in IN 12456 99 2 course course NN 12456 99 3 of of IN 12456 99 4 time time NN 12456 99 5 the the DT 12456 99 6 joglar joglar NNP 12456 99 7 was be VBD 12456 99 8 regarded regard VBN 12456 99 9 with with IN 12456 99 10 some some DT 12456 99 11 contempt contempt NN 12456 99 12 , , , 12456 99 13 and and CC 12456 99 14 like like IN 12456 99 15 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 99 16 forbear forbear NN 12456 99 17 , , , 12456 99 18 the the DT 12456 99 19 Roman roman JJ 12456 99 20 joculator joculator NN 12456 99 21 , , , 12456 99 22 was be VBD 12456 99 23 classed class VBN 12456 99 24 with with IN 12456 99 25 the the DT 12456 99 26 jugglers juggler NNS 12456 99 27 , , , 12456 99 28 acrobats acrobat NNS 12456 99 29 , , , 12456 99 30 animal animal NN 12456 99 31 tamers tamer NNS 12456 99 32 and and CC 12456 99 33 clowns clown NNS 12456 99 34 who who WP 12456 99 35 amused amuse VBD 12456 99 36 the the DT 12456 99 37 nobles noble NNS 12456 99 38 after after IN 12456 99 39 their -PRON- PRP$ 12456 99 40 feasts feast NNS 12456 99 41 . . . 12456 100 1 Nor nor CC 12456 100 2 , , , 12456 100 3 under under IN 12456 100 4 certain certain JJ 12456 100 5 conditions condition NNS 12456 100 6 , , , 12456 100 7 was be VBD 12456 100 8 the the DT 12456 100 9 troubadour troubadour NN 12456 100 10 's 's POS 12456 100 11 position position NN 12456 100 12 one one CD 12456 100 13 of of IN 12456 100 14 dignity dignity NN 12456 100 15 ; ; : 12456 100 16 [ [ -LRB- 12456 100 17 12 12 CD 12456 100 18 ] ] -RRB- 12456 100 19 when when WRB 12456 100 20 he -PRON- PRP 12456 100 21 was be VBD 12456 100 22 dependent dependent JJ 12456 100 23 upon upon IN 12456 100 24 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 100 25 patron patron NN 12456 100 26 's 's POS 12456 100 27 bounty bounty NN 12456 100 28 , , , 12456 100 29 he -PRON- PRP 12456 100 30 would would MD 12456 100 31 stoop stoop VB 12456 100 32 to to IN 12456 100 33 threats threat NNS 12456 100 34 or or CC 12456 100 35 to to IN 12456 100 36 adulation adulation NN 12456 100 37 in in IN 12456 100 38 order order NN 12456 100 39 to to TO 12456 100 40 obtain obtain VB 12456 100 41 the the DT 12456 100 42 horse horse NN 12456 100 43 or or CC 12456 100 44 the the DT 12456 100 45 garments garment NNS 12456 100 46 or or CC 12456 100 47 the the DT 12456 100 48 money money NN 12456 100 49 of of IN 12456 100 50 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 100 51 desire desire NN 12456 100 52 ; ; : 12456 100 53 such such JJ 12456 100 54 largesse largesse NN 12456 100 55 , , , 12456 100 56 in in IN 12456 100 57 fact fact NN 12456 100 58 , , , 12456 100 59 came come VBD 12456 100 60 to to TO 12456 100 61 be be VB 12456 100 62 denoted denote VBN 12456 100 63 by by IN 12456 100 64 a a DT 12456 100 65 special special JJ 12456 100 66 term term NN 12456 100 67 , , , 12456 100 68 _ _ NNP 12456 100 69 messio messio NN 12456 100 70 _ _ NNP 12456 100 71 . . . 12456 101 1 Jealousy jealousy NN 12456 101 2 between between IN 12456 101 3 rival rival JJ 12456 101 4 troubadours troubadour NNS 12456 101 5 , , , 12456 101 6 accusations accusation NNS 12456 101 7 of of IN 12456 101 8 slander slander NN 12456 101 9 in in IN 12456 101 10 their -PRON- PRP$ 12456 101 11 poems poem NNS 12456 101 12 and and CC 12456 101 13 quarrels quarrel NNS 12456 101 14 with with IN 12456 101 15 their -PRON- PRP$ 12456 101 16 patrons patron NNS 12456 101 17 were be VBD 12456 101 18 of of IN 12456 101 19 constant constant JJ 12456 101 20 occurrence occurrence NN 12456 101 21 . . . 12456 102 1 These these DT 12456 102 2 naturally naturally RB 12456 102 3 affected affect VBD 12456 102 4 the the DT 12456 102 5 joglars joglar NNS 12456 102 6 in in IN 12456 102 7 their -PRON- PRP$ 12456 102 8 service service NN 12456 102 9 , , , 12456 102 10 who who WP 12456 102 11 received receive VBD 12456 102 12 a a DT 12456 102 13 share share NN 12456 102 14 of of IN 12456 102 15 any any DT 12456 102 16 gifts gift NNS 12456 102 17 that that WDT 12456 102 18 the the DT 12456 102 19 troubadour troubadour JJ 12456 102 20 might may MD 12456 102 21 obtain obtain VB 12456 102 22 . . . 12456 103 1 The the DT 12456 103 2 troubadours troubadour NNS 12456 103 3 who who WP 12456 103 4 were be VBD 12456 103 5 established establish VBN 12456 103 6 more more RBR 12456 103 7 or or CC 12456 103 8 less less RBR 12456 103 9 permanently permanently RB 12456 103 10 as as IN 12456 103 11 court court NN 12456 103 12 poets poet NNS 12456 103 13 under under IN 12456 103 14 a a DT 12456 103 15 patron patron NN 12456 103 16 lord lord NNP 12456 103 17 were be VBD 12456 103 18 few few JJ 12456 103 19 ; ; : 12456 103 20 a a DT 12456 103 21 wandering wander VBG 12456 103 22 life life NN 12456 103 23 and and CC 12456 103 24 a a DT 12456 103 25 desire desire NN 12456 103 26 for for IN 12456 103 27 change change NN 12456 103 28 of of IN 12456 103 29 scene scene NN 12456 103 30 is be VBZ 12456 103 31 characteristic characteristic JJ 12456 103 32 of of IN 12456 103 33 the the DT 12456 103 34 class class NN 12456 103 35 . . . 12456 104 1 They -PRON- PRP 12456 104 2 travelled travel VBD 12456 104 3 far far RB 12456 104 4 and and CC 12456 104 5 wide wide RB 12456 104 6 , , , 12456 104 7 not not RB 12456 104 8 only only RB 12456 104 9 to to IN 12456 104 10 France France NNP 12456 104 11 , , , 12456 104 12 Spain Spain NNP 12456 104 13 and and CC 12456 104 14 Italy Italy NNP 12456 104 15 , , , 12456 104 16 but but CC 12456 104 17 to to IN 12456 104 18 the the DT 12456 104 19 Balkan balkan JJ 12456 104 20 peninsula peninsula NN 12456 104 21 , , , 12456 104 22 Hungary Hungary NNP 12456 104 23 , , , 12456 104 24 Cyprus Cyprus NNP 12456 104 25 , , , 12456 104 26 Malta Malta NNP 12456 104 27 and and CC 12456 104 28 England England NNP 12456 104 29 ; ; : 12456 104 30 Elias Elias NNP 12456 104 31 Cairel Cairel NNP 12456 104 32 is be VBZ 12456 104 33 said say VBN 12456 104 34 to to TO 12456 104 35 have have VB 12456 104 36 visited visit VBN 12456 104 37 most most JJS 12456 104 38 of of IN 12456 104 39 the the DT 12456 104 40 then then RB 12456 104 41 known know VBN 12456 104 42 world world NN 12456 104 43 , , , 12456 104 44 and and CC 12456 104 45 the the DT 12456 104 46 biographer biographer NN 12456 104 47 of of IN 12456 104 48 Albertet Albertet NNP 12456 104 49 Calha Calha NNP 12456 104 50 relates relate VBZ 12456 104 51 , , , 12456 104 52 as as IN 12456 104 53 an an DT 12456 104 54 unusual unusual JJ 12456 104 55 fact fact NN 12456 104 56 , , , 12456 104 57 that that IN 12456 104 58 this this DT 12456 104 59 troubadour troubadour NN 12456 104 60 never never RB 12456 104 61 left leave VBD 12456 104 62 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 104 63 native native JJ 12456 104 64 district district NN 12456 104 65 . . . 12456 105 1 Not not RB 12456 105 2 only only RB 12456 105 3 love love NN 12456 105 4 , , , 12456 105 5 but but CC 12456 105 6 all all DT 12456 105 7 social social JJ 12456 105 8 and and CC 12456 105 9 political political JJ 12456 105 10 questions question NNS 12456 105 11 of of IN 12456 105 12 the the DT 12456 105 13 age age NN 12456 105 14 attracted attract VBD 12456 105 15 their -PRON- PRP$ 12456 105 16 attention attention NN 12456 105 17 . . . 12456 106 1 They -PRON- PRP 12456 106 2 satirised satirise VBD 12456 106 3 political political JJ 12456 106 4 and and CC 12456 106 5 religious religious JJ 12456 106 6 opponents opponent NNS 12456 106 7 , , , 12456 106 8 preached preach VBD 12456 106 9 crusades crusade NNS 12456 106 10 , , , 12456 106 11 sang sing VBD 12456 106 12 funeral funeral NN 12456 106 13 laments lament NNS 12456 106 14 upon upon IN 12456 106 15 the the DT 12456 106 16 death death NN 12456 106 17 of of IN 12456 106 18 famous famous JJ 12456 106 19 patrons patron NNS 12456 106 20 , , , 12456 106 21 and and CC 12456 106 22 the the DT 12456 106 23 support support NN 12456 106 24 of of IN 12456 106 25 their -PRON- PRP$ 12456 106 26 poetical poetical JJ 12456 106 27 powers power NNS 12456 106 28 was be VBD 12456 106 29 often often RB 12456 106 30 in in IN 12456 106 31 demand demand NN 12456 106 32 by by IN 12456 106 33 princes prince NNS 12456 106 34 and and CC 12456 106 35 nobles noble NNS 12456 106 36 involved involve VBN 12456 106 37 in in IN 12456 106 38 a a DT 12456 106 39 struggle struggle NN 12456 106 40 . . . 12456 107 1 Noteworthy Noteworthy NNP 12456 107 2 also also RB 12456 107 3 is be VBZ 12456 107 4 the the DT 12456 107 5 fact fact NN 12456 107 6 that that IN 12456 107 7 a a DT 12456 107 8 considerable considerable JJ 12456 107 9 number number NN 12456 107 10 retired retire VBN 12456 107 11 to to IN 12456 107 12 some some DT 12456 107 13 monastery monastery NN 12456 107 14 or or CC 12456 107 15 [ [ -LRB- 12456 107 16 13 13 CD 12456 107 17 ] ] -RRB- 12456 107 18 religious religious JJ 12456 107 19 house house NN 12456 107 20 to to TO 12456 107 21 end end VB 12456 107 22 their -PRON- PRP$ 12456 107 23 days day NNS 12456 107 24 ( ( -LRB- 12456 107 25 _ _ NNP 12456 107 26 se se NNP 12456 107 27 rendet rendet NNP 12456 107 28 _ _ NNP 12456 107 29 , , , 12456 107 30 was be VBD 12456 107 31 the the DT 12456 107 32 technical technical JJ 12456 107 33 phrase phrase NN 12456 107 34 ) ) -RRB- 12456 107 35 . . . 12456 108 1 So so RB 12456 108 2 Bertran Bertran NNP 12456 108 3 of of IN 12456 108 4 Born Born NNP 12456 108 5 , , , 12456 108 6 Bernart Bernart NNP 12456 108 7 of of IN 12456 108 8 Ventadour Ventadour NNP 12456 108 9 , , , 12456 108 10 Peire Peire NNP 12456 108 11 Rogier Rogier NNP 12456 108 12 , , , 12456 108 13 Cadenet Cadenet NNP 12456 108 14 and and CC 12456 108 15 many many JJ 12456 108 16 others other NNS 12456 108 17 retired retire VBD 12456 108 18 from from IN 12456 108 19 the the DT 12456 108 20 disappointments disappointment NNS 12456 108 21 of of IN 12456 108 22 the the DT 12456 108 23 world world NN 12456 108 24 to to TO 12456 108 25 end end VB 12456 108 26 their -PRON- PRP$ 12456 108 27 days day NNS 12456 108 28 in in IN 12456 108 29 peace peace NN 12456 108 30 ; ; : 12456 108 31 Folquet Folquet NNP 12456 108 32 of of IN 12456 108 33 Marseilles Marseilles NNPS 12456 108 34 , , , 12456 108 35 who who WP 12456 108 36 similarly similarly RB 12456 108 37 entered enter VBD 12456 108 38 the the DT 12456 108 39 Cistercian cistercian JJ 12456 108 40 order order NN 12456 108 41 , , , 12456 108 42 became become VBD 12456 108 43 abbot abbot NN 12456 108 44 of of IN 12456 108 45 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 108 46 monastery monastery NN 12456 108 47 of of IN 12456 108 48 Torondet Torondet NNP 12456 108 49 , , , 12456 108 50 Bishop Bishop NNP 12456 108 51 of of IN 12456 108 52 Toulouse Toulouse NNP 12456 108 53 , , , 12456 108 54 a a DT 12456 108 55 leader leader NN 12456 108 56 of of IN 12456 108 57 the the DT 12456 108 58 Albigeois Albigeois NNP 12456 108 59 crusade crusade NN 12456 108 60 and and CC 12456 108 61 a a DT 12456 108 62 founder founder NN 12456 108 63 of of IN 12456 108 64 the the DT 12456 108 65 Inquisition Inquisition NNP 12456 108 66 . . . 12456 109 1 CHAPTER CHAPTER NNP 12456 109 2 II II NNP 12456 109 3 [ [ -LRB- 12456 109 4 14 14 CD 12456 109 5 ] ] -RRB- 12456 109 6 THE the DT 12456 109 7 THEORY theory NN 12456 109 8 OF of IN 12456 109 9 COURTLY COURTLY NNP 12456 109 10 LOVE LOVE NNP 12456 109 11 Troubador Troubador NNP 12456 109 12 poetry poetry NN 12456 109 13 dealt deal VBD 12456 109 14 with with IN 12456 109 15 war war NN 12456 109 16 , , , 12456 109 17 politics politics NN 12456 109 18 , , , 12456 109 19 personal personal JJ 12456 109 20 satire satire NN 12456 109 21 and and CC 12456 109 22 other other JJ 12456 109 23 subjects subject NNS 12456 109 24 : : : 12456 109 25 but but CC 12456 109 26 the the DT 12456 109 27 theme theme NN 12456 109 28 which which WDT 12456 109 29 is be VBZ 12456 109 30 predominant predominant JJ 12456 109 31 and and CC 12456 109 32 in in IN 12456 109 33 which which WDT 12456 109 34 real real JJ 12456 109 35 originality originality NN 12456 109 36 was be VBD 12456 109 37 shown show VBN 12456 109 38 , , , 12456 109 39 is be VBZ 12456 109 40 love love NN 12456 109 41 . . . 12456 110 1 The the DT 12456 110 2 troubadours troubadour NNS 12456 110 3 were be VBD 12456 110 4 the the DT 12456 110 5 first first JJ 12456 110 6 lyric lyric NN 12456 110 7 poets poet NNS 12456 110 8 in in IN 12456 110 9 mediaeval mediaeval JJ 12456 110 10 Europe Europe NNP 12456 110 11 to to TO 12456 110 12 deal deal VB 12456 110 13 exhaustively exhaustively RB 12456 110 14 with with IN 12456 110 15 this this DT 12456 110 16 subject subject NN 12456 110 17 , , , 12456 110 18 and and CC 12456 110 19 as as IN 12456 110 20 their -PRON- PRP$ 12456 110 21 attitude attitude NN 12456 110 22 was be VBD 12456 110 23 imitated imitate VBN 12456 110 24 with with IN 12456 110 25 certain certain JJ 12456 110 26 modifications modification NNS 12456 110 27 by by IN 12456 110 28 French french JJ 12456 110 29 , , , 12456 110 30 Italian italian JJ 12456 110 31 , , , 12456 110 32 Portuguese portuguese JJ 12456 110 33 and and CC 12456 110 34 German german JJ 12456 110 35 poets poet NNS 12456 110 36 , , , 12456 110 37 the the DT 12456 110 38 nature nature NN 12456 110 39 of of IN 12456 110 40 its -PRON- PRP$ 12456 110 41 treatment treatment NN 12456 110 42 is be VBZ 12456 110 43 a a DT 12456 110 44 matter matter NN 12456 110 45 of of IN 12456 110 46 considerable considerable JJ 12456 110 47 importance importance NN 12456 110 48 . . . 12456 111 1 Of of IN 12456 111 2 the the DT 12456 111 3 many many JJ 12456 111 4 ladies lady NNS 12456 111 5 whose whose WP$ 12456 111 6 praises praise NNS 12456 111 7 were be VBD 12456 111 8 sung sung JJ 12456 111 9 or or CC 12456 111 10 whose whose WP$ 12456 111 11 favours favour NNS 12456 111 12 were be VBD 12456 111 13 desired desire VBN 12456 111 14 by by IN 12456 111 15 troubadours troubadour NNS 12456 111 16 , , , 12456 111 17 the the DT 12456 111 18 majority majority NN 12456 111 19 were be VBD 12456 111 20 married marry VBN 12456 111 21 . . . 12456 112 1 Troubadours troubadour NNS 12456 112 2 who who WP 12456 112 3 made make VBD 12456 112 4 their -PRON- PRP$ 12456 112 5 songs song NNS 12456 112 6 to to IN 12456 112 7 a a DT 12456 112 8 maiden maiden NN 12456 112 9 , , , 12456 112 10 as as IN 12456 112 11 did do VBD 12456 112 12 Gui Gui NNP 12456 112 13 d'Ussel d'Ussel NNP 12456 112 14 or or CC 12456 112 15 Gausbert Gausbert NNP 12456 112 16 de de NNP 12456 112 17 Puegsibot Puegsibot NNP 12456 112 18 , , , 12456 112 19 are be VBP 12456 112 20 quite quite RB 12456 112 21 exceptional exceptional JJ 12456 112 22 . . . 12456 113 1 Love love NN 12456 113 2 in in IN 12456 113 3 troubadour troubadour JJ 12456 113 4 poetry poetry NN 12456 113 5 was be VBD 12456 113 6 essentially essentially RB 12456 113 7 a a DT 12456 113 8 conventional conventional JJ 12456 113 9 relationship relationship NN 12456 113 10 , , , 12456 113 11 and and CC 12456 113 12 marriage marriage NN 12456 113 13 was be VBD 12456 113 14 not not RB 12456 113 15 its -PRON- PRP$ 12456 113 16 object object NN 12456 113 17 . . . 12456 114 1 This this DT 12456 114 2 conventional conventional JJ 12456 114 3 character character NN 12456 114 4 was be VBD 12456 114 5 derived derive VBN 12456 114 6 from from IN 12456 114 7 the the DT 12456 114 8 fact fact NN 12456 114 9 that that IN 12456 114 10 troubadour troubadour JJ 12456 114 11 love love NN 12456 114 12 was be VBD 12456 114 13 constituted constitute VBN 12456 114 14 upon upon IN 12456 114 15 the the DT 12456 114 16 analogy analogy NN 12456 114 17 of of IN 12456 114 18 feudal feudal JJ 12456 114 19 relationship relationship NN 12456 114 20 . . . 12456 115 1 If if IN 12456 115 2 chivalry chivalry NN 12456 115 3 was be VBD 12456 115 4 the the DT 12456 115 5 outcome outcome NN 12456 115 6 of of IN 12456 115 7 the the DT 12456 115 8 Germanic germanic JJ 12456 115 9 theory theory NN 12456 115 10 of of IN 12456 115 11 knighthood knighthood NN 12456 115 12 as as IN 12456 115 13 modified modify VBN 12456 115 14 by by IN 12456 115 15 the the DT 12456 115 16 influence influence NN 12456 115 17 of of IN 12456 115 18 Christianity Christianity NNP 12456 115 19 , , , 12456 115 20 it -PRON- PRP 12456 115 21 may may MD 12456 115 22 be be VB 12456 115 23 said say VBN 12456 115 24 that that IN 12456 115 25 troubadour troubadour JJ 12456 115 26 love love NN 12456 115 27 is be VBZ 12456 115 28 the the DT 12456 115 29 [ [ -LRB- 12456 115 30 15 15 CD 12456 115 31 ] ] -RRB- 12456 115 32 outcome outcome NN 12456 115 33 of of IN 12456 115 34 the the DT 12456 115 35 same same JJ 12456 115 36 theory theory NN 12456 115 37 under under IN 12456 115 38 the the DT 12456 115 39 influence influence NN 12456 115 40 of of IN 12456 115 41 mariolatry mariolatry NN 12456 115 42 . . . 12456 116 1 In in IN 12456 116 2 the the DT 12456 116 3 eleventh eleventh JJ 12456 116 4 century century NN 12456 116 5 the the DT 12456 116 6 worship worship NN 12456 116 7 of of IN 12456 116 8 the the DT 12456 116 9 Virgin Virgin NNP 12456 116 10 Mary Mary NNP 12456 116 11 became become VBD 12456 116 12 widely widely RB 12456 116 13 popular popular JJ 12456 116 14 ; ; : 12456 116 15 the the DT 12456 116 16 reverence reverence NN 12456 116 17 bestowed bestow VBN 12456 116 18 upon upon IN 12456 116 19 the the DT 12456 116 20 Virgin Virgin NNP 12456 116 21 was be VBD 12456 116 22 extended extend VBN 12456 116 23 to to IN 12456 116 24 the the DT 12456 116 25 female female JJ 12456 116 26 sex sex NN 12456 116 27 in in IN 12456 116 28 general general JJ 12456 116 29 , , , 12456 116 30 and and CC 12456 116 31 as as IN 12456 116 32 a a DT 12456 116 33 vassal vassal NN 12456 116 34 owed owe VBN 12456 116 35 obedience obedience NN 12456 116 36 to to IN 12456 116 37 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 116 38 feudal feudal JJ 12456 116 39 overlord overlord NN 12456 116 40 , , , 12456 116 41 so so RB 12456 116 42 did do VBD 12456 116 43 he -PRON- PRP 12456 116 44 owe owe VB 12456 116 45 service service NN 12456 116 46 and and CC 12456 116 47 devotion devotion NN 12456 116 48 to to IN 12456 116 49 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 116 50 lady lady NN 12456 116 51 . . . 12456 117 1 Moreover moreover RB 12456 117 2 , , , 12456 117 3 under under IN 12456 117 4 the the DT 12456 117 5 feudal feudal JJ 12456 117 6 system system NN 12456 117 7 , , , 12456 117 8 the the DT 12456 117 9 lady lady NN 12456 117 10 might may MD 12456 117 11 often often RB 12456 117 12 be be VB 12456 117 13 called call VBN 12456 117 14 upon upon IN 12456 117 15 to to TO 12456 117 16 represent represent VB 12456 117 17 her -PRON- PRP$ 12456 117 18 husband husband NN 12456 117 19 's 's POS 12456 117 20 suzerainty suzerainty NN 12456 117 21 to to IN 12456 117 22 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 117 23 vassals vassal NNS 12456 117 24 , , , 12456 117 25 when when WRB 12456 117 26 she -PRON- PRP 12456 117 27 was be VBD 12456 117 28 left leave VBN 12456 117 29 in in IN 12456 117 30 charge charge NN 12456 117 31 of of IN 12456 117 32 affairs affair NNS 12456 117 33 during during IN 12456 117 34 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 117 35 absence absence NN 12456 117 36 in in IN 12456 117 37 time time NN 12456 117 38 of of IN 12456 117 39 war war NN 12456 117 40 . . . 12456 118 1 Unmarried unmarried JJ 12456 118 2 women woman NNS 12456 118 3 were be VBD 12456 118 4 inconspicuous inconspicuous JJ 12456 118 5 figures figure NNS 12456 118 6 in in IN 12456 118 7 the the DT 12456 118 8 society society NN 12456 118 9 of of IN 12456 118 10 the the DT 12456 118 11 age age NN 12456 118 12 . . . 12456 119 1 Thus thus RB 12456 119 2 there there EX 12456 119 3 was be VBD 12456 119 4 a a DT 12456 119 5 service service NN 12456 119 6 of of IN 12456 119 7 love love NN 12456 119 8 as as IN 12456 119 9 there there EX 12456 119 10 was be VBD 12456 119 11 a a DT 12456 119 12 service service NN 12456 119 13 of of IN 12456 119 14 vassalage vassalage NN 12456 119 15 , , , 12456 119 16 and and CC 12456 119 17 the the DT 12456 119 18 lover lover NN 12456 119 19 stood stand VBD 12456 119 20 to to IN 12456 119 21 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 119 22 lady lady NN 12456 119 23 in in IN 12456 119 24 a a DT 12456 119 25 position position NN 12456 119 26 analogous analogous JJ 12456 119 27 to to IN 12456 119 28 that that DT 12456 119 29 of of IN 12456 119 30 the the DT 12456 119 31 vassal vassal NN 12456 119 32 to to IN 12456 119 33 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 119 34 overlord overlord NN 12456 119 35 . . . 12456 120 1 He -PRON- PRP 12456 120 2 attained attain VBD 12456 120 3 this this DT 12456 120 4 position position NN 12456 120 5 only only RB 12456 120 6 by by IN 12456 120 7 stages stage NNS 12456 120 8 ; ; : 12456 120 9 " " `` 12456 120 10 there there EX 12456 120 11 are be VBP 12456 120 12 four four CD 12456 120 13 stages stage NNS 12456 120 14 in in IN 12456 120 15 love love NN 12456 120 16 : : : 12456 120 17 the the DT 12456 120 18 first first JJ 12456 120 19 is be VBZ 12456 120 20 that that DT 12456 120 21 of of IN 12456 120 22 aspirant aspirant NN 12456 120 23 ( ( -LRB- 12456 120 24 _ _ NNP 12456 120 25 fegnedor fegnedor NNP 12456 120 26 _ _ NNP 12456 120 27 ) ) -RRB- 12456 120 28 , , , 12456 120 29 the the DT 12456 120 30 second second JJ 12456 120 31 that that DT 12456 120 32 of of IN 12456 120 33 suppliant suppliant NN 12456 120 34 ( ( -LRB- 12456 120 35 _ _ NNP 12456 120 36 precador precador NN 12456 120 37 _ _ NNP 12456 120 38 ) ) -RRB- 12456 120 39 , , , 12456 120 40 the the DT 12456 120 41 third third JJ 12456 120 42 that that DT 12456 120 43 of of IN 12456 120 44 recognised recognise VBN 12456 120 45 suitor suitor NN 12456 120 46 ( ( -LRB- 12456 120 47 _ _ NNP 12456 120 48 entendedor entendedor NNP 12456 120 49 _ _ NNP 12456 120 50 ) ) -RRB- 12456 120 51 and and CC 12456 120 52 the the DT 12456 120 53 fourth fourth JJ 12456 120 54 that that DT 12456 120 55 of of IN 12456 120 56 accepted accept VBN 12456 120 57 lover lover NNP 12456 120 58 ( ( -LRB- 12456 120 59 _ _ NNP 12456 120 60 drut drut NNP 12456 120 61 _ _ NNP 12456 120 62 ) ) -RRB- 12456 120 63 . . . 12456 120 64 " " '' 12456 121 1 The the DT 12456 121 2 lover lover NN 12456 121 3 was be VBD 12456 121 4 formally formally RB 12456 121 5 installed instal VBN 12456 121 6 as as IN 12456 121 7 such such JJ 12456 121 8 by by IN 12456 121 9 the the DT 12456 121 10 lady lady NN 12456 121 11 , , , 12456 121 12 took take VBD 12456 121 13 an an DT 12456 121 14 oath oath NN 12456 121 15 of of IN 12456 121 16 fidelity fidelity NN 12456 121 17 to to IN 12456 121 18 her -PRON- PRP 12456 121 19 and and CC 12456 121 20 received receive VBD 12456 121 21 a a DT 12456 121 22 kiss kiss NN 12456 121 23 to to TO 12456 121 24 seal seal VB 12456 121 25 it -PRON- PRP 12456 121 26 , , , 12456 121 27 a a DT 12456 121 28 ring ring NN 12456 121 29 or or CC 12456 121 30 some some DT 12456 121 31 other other JJ 12456 121 32 personal personal JJ 12456 121 33 possession possession NN 12456 121 34 . . . 12456 122 1 For for IN 12456 122 2 practical practical JJ 12456 122 3 purposes purpose NNS 12456 122 4 the the DT 12456 122 5 contract contract NN 12456 122 6 merely merely RB 12456 122 7 implied imply VBD 12456 122 8 that that IN 12456 122 9 the the DT 12456 122 10 lady lady NN 12456 122 11 was be VBD 12456 122 12 prepared prepared JJ 12456 122 13 to to TO 12456 122 14 receive receive VB 12456 122 15 the the DT 12456 122 16 troubadour troubadour NN 12456 122 17 's 's POS 12456 122 18 homage homage NN 12456 122 19 in in IN 12456 122 20 poetry poetry NN 12456 122 21 and and CC 12456 122 22 to to TO 12456 122 23 be be VB 12456 122 24 the the DT 12456 122 25 subject subject NN 12456 122 26 of of IN 12456 122 27 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 122 28 song song NN 12456 122 29 . . . 12456 123 1 As as IN 12456 123 2 secrecy secrecy NN 12456 123 3 was be VBD 12456 123 4 a a DT 12456 123 5 duty duty NN 12456 123 6 incumbent incumbent NN 12456 123 7 upon upon IN 12456 123 8 [ [ -LRB- 12456 123 9 16 16 CD 12456 123 10 ] ] -RRB- 12456 123 11 the the DT 12456 123 12 troubadour troubadour NN 12456 123 13 , , , 12456 123 14 he -PRON- PRP 12456 123 15 usually usually RB 12456 123 16 referred refer VBD 12456 123 17 to to IN 12456 123 18 the the DT 12456 123 19 lady lady NN 12456 123 20 by by IN 12456 123 21 a a DT 12456 123 22 pseudonym pseudonym NN 12456 123 23 ( ( -LRB- 12456 123 24 _ _ NNP 12456 123 25 senhal senhal NN 12456 123 26 _ _ NNP 12456 123 27 ) ) -RRB- 12456 123 28 ; ; : 12456 123 29 naturally naturally RB 12456 123 30 , , , 12456 123 31 the the DT 12456 123 32 lady lady NN 12456 123 33 's 's POS 12456 123 34 reputation reputation NN 12456 123 35 was be VBD 12456 123 36 increased increase VBN 12456 123 37 if if IN 12456 123 38 her -PRON- PRP$ 12456 123 39 attraction attraction NN 12456 123 40 for for IN 12456 123 41 a a DT 12456 123 42 famous famous JJ 12456 123 43 troubadour troubadour NN 12456 123 44 was be VBD 12456 123 45 known know VBN 12456 123 46 , , , 12456 123 47 and and CC 12456 123 48 the the DT 12456 123 49 _ _ NNP 12456 123 50 senhal senhal NN 12456 123 51 _ _ NNP 12456 123 52 was be VBD 12456 123 53 no no RB 12456 123 54 doubt doubt RB 12456 123 55 an an DT 12456 123 56 open open JJ 12456 123 57 secret secret NN 12456 123 58 at at IN 12456 123 59 times time NNS 12456 123 60 . . . 12456 124 1 How how WRB 12456 124 2 far far RB 12456 124 3 or or CC 12456 124 4 how how WRB 12456 124 5 often often RB 12456 124 6 the the DT 12456 124 7 bounds bound NNS 12456 124 8 of of IN 12456 124 9 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 124 10 formal formal JJ 12456 124 11 and and CC 12456 124 12 conventional conventional JJ 12456 124 13 relationship relationship NN 12456 124 14 were be VBD 12456 124 15 transgressed transgress VBN 12456 124 16 is be VBZ 12456 124 17 impossible impossible JJ 12456 124 18 to to TO 12456 124 19 say say VB 12456 124 20 ; ; : 12456 124 21 " " `` 12456 124 22 en en IN 12456 124 23 somme somme NNP 12456 124 24 , , , 12456 124 25 assez assez NNP 12456 124 26 immoral immoral JJ 12456 124 27 " " `` 12456 124 28 is be VBZ 12456 124 29 the the DT 12456 124 30 judgment judgment NN 12456 124 31 of of IN 12456 124 32 Gaston Gaston NNP 12456 124 33 Paris Paris NNP 12456 124 34 upon upon IN 12456 124 35 the the DT 12456 124 36 society society NN 12456 124 37 of of IN 12456 124 38 the the DT 12456 124 39 age age NN 12456 124 40 , , , 12456 124 41 and and CC 12456 124 42 is be VBZ 12456 124 43 confirmed confirm VBN 12456 124 44 by by IN 12456 124 45 expressions expression NNS 12456 124 46 of of IN 12456 124 47 desire desire NN 12456 124 48 occurring occur VBG 12456 124 49 from from IN 12456 124 50 time time NN 12456 124 51 to to IN 12456 124 52 time time NN 12456 124 53 in in IN 12456 124 54 various various JJ 12456 124 55 troubadours troubadour NNS 12456 124 56 , , , 12456 124 57 which which WDT 12456 124 58 can can MD 12456 124 59 not not RB 12456 124 60 be be VB 12456 124 61 interpreted interpret VBN 12456 124 62 as as IN 12456 124 63 the the DT 12456 124 64 outcome outcome NN 12456 124 65 of of IN 12456 124 66 a a DT 12456 124 67 merely merely RB 12456 124 68 conventional conventional JJ 12456 124 69 or or CC 12456 124 70 " " `` 12456 124 71 platonic platonic JJ 12456 124 72 " " '' 12456 124 73 devotion devotion NN 12456 124 74 . . . 12456 125 1 In in IN 12456 125 2 the the DT 12456 125 3 troubadour troubadour JJ 12456 125 4 biographies biography NNS 12456 125 5 the the DT 12456 125 6 substratum substratum NN 12456 125 7 of of IN 12456 125 8 historical historical JJ 12456 125 9 truth truth NN 12456 125 10 is be VBZ 12456 125 11 so so RB 12456 125 12 overlaid overlay VBN 12456 125 13 by by IN 12456 125 14 fiction fiction NN 12456 125 15 , , , 12456 125 16 that that DT 12456 125 17 little little JJ 12456 125 18 reliable reliable JJ 12456 125 19 evidence evidence NN 12456 125 20 upon upon IN 12456 125 21 the the DT 12456 125 22 point point NN 12456 125 23 can can MD 12456 125 24 be be VB 12456 125 25 drawn draw VBN 12456 125 26 from from IN 12456 125 27 this this DT 12456 125 28 source source NN 12456 125 29 . . . 12456 126 1 However however RB 12456 126 2 , , , 12456 126 3 transgression transgression NN 12456 126 4 was be VBD 12456 126 5 probably probably RB 12456 126 6 exceptional exceptional JJ 12456 126 7 . . . 12456 127 1 The the DT 12456 127 2 idea idea NN 12456 127 3 of of IN 12456 127 4 troubadour troubadour JJ 12456 127 5 love love NN 12456 127 6 was be VBD 12456 127 7 intellectual intellectual JJ 12456 127 8 rather rather RB 12456 127 9 than than IN 12456 127 10 emotional emotional JJ 12456 127 11 ; ; : 12456 127 12 love love NN 12456 127 13 was be VBD 12456 127 14 an an DT 12456 127 15 art art NN 12456 127 16 , , , 12456 127 17 restricted restrict VBN 12456 127 18 , , , 12456 127 19 like like IN 12456 127 20 poetry poetry NN 12456 127 21 , , , 12456 127 22 by by IN 12456 127 23 formal formal JJ 12456 127 24 rules rule NNS 12456 127 25 ; ; : 12456 127 26 the the DT 12456 127 27 terms term NNS 12456 127 28 " " `` 12456 127 29 love love NN 12456 127 30 " " '' 12456 127 31 and and CC 12456 127 32 " " `` 12456 127 33 poetry poetry NN 12456 127 34 " " '' 12456 127 35 were be VBD 12456 127 36 identified identify VBN 12456 127 37 , , , 12456 127 38 and and CC 12456 127 39 the the DT 12456 127 40 fourteenth fourteenth JJ 12456 127 41 century century NN 12456 127 42 treatise treatise NN 12456 127 43 which which WDT 12456 127 44 summarises summarise VBZ 12456 127 45 the the DT 12456 127 46 principles principle NNS 12456 127 47 of of IN 12456 127 48 grammar grammar NNP 12456 127 49 and and CC 12456 127 50 metre metre NNP 12456 127 51 bore bear VBD 12456 127 52 the the DT 12456 127 53 title title NN 12456 127 54 _ _ NNP 12456 127 55 Leys Leys NNP 12456 127 56 d'Amors d'Amors NNP 12456 127 57 _ _ NNP 12456 127 58 , , , 12456 127 59 the the DT 12456 127 60 Laws Laws NNPS 12456 127 61 of of IN 12456 127 62 Love Love NNP 12456 127 63 . . . 12456 128 1 The the DT 12456 128 2 pathology pathology NN 12456 128 3 of of IN 12456 128 4 the the DT 12456 128 5 emotion emotion NN 12456 128 6 was be VBD 12456 128 7 studied study VBN 12456 128 8 ; ; : 12456 128 9 it -PRON- PRP 12456 128 10 was be VBD 12456 128 11 treated treat VBN 12456 128 12 from from IN 12456 128 13 a a DT 12456 128 14 psychological psychological JJ 12456 128 15 standpoint standpoint NN 12456 128 16 and and CC 12456 128 17 a a DT 12456 128 18 technical technical JJ 12456 128 19 vocabulary vocabulary NN 12456 128 20 came come VBD 12456 128 21 into into IN 12456 128 22 use use NN 12456 128 23 , , , 12456 128 24 for for IN 12456 128 25 which which WDT 12456 128 26 it -PRON- PRP 12456 128 27 is be VBZ 12456 128 28 often often RB 12456 128 29 impossible impossible JJ 12456 128 30 to to TO 12456 128 31 find find VB 12456 128 32 English english JJ 12456 128 33 equivalents equivalent NNS 12456 128 34 . . . 12456 129 1 The the DT 12456 129 2 first first JJ 12456 129 3 effect effect NN 12456 129 4 of of IN 12456 129 5 love love NN 12456 129 6 is be VBZ 12456 129 7 to to TO 12456 129 8 produce produce VB 12456 129 9 a a DT 12456 129 10 mental mental JJ 12456 129 11 exaltation exaltation NN 12456 129 12 , , , 12456 129 13 a a DT 12456 129 14 desire desire NN 12456 129 15 to to TO 12456 129 16 live live VB 12456 129 17 [ [ -LRB- 12456 129 18 17 17 CD 12456 129 19 ] ] -RRB- 12456 129 20 a a DT 12456 129 21 life life NN 12456 129 22 worthy worthy JJ 12456 129 23 of of IN 12456 129 24 the the DT 12456 129 25 beloved beloved JJ 12456 129 26 lady lady NN 12456 129 27 and and CC 12456 129 28 redounding redound VBG 12456 129 29 to to IN 12456 129 30 her -PRON- PRP$ 12456 129 31 praise praise NN 12456 129 32 , , , 12456 129 33 an an DT 12456 129 34 inspiring inspire VBG 12456 129 35 stimulus stimulus NN 12456 129 36 known know VBN 12456 129 37 as as IN 12456 129 38 _ _ NNP 12456 129 39 joi joi NNP 12456 129 40 _ _ NNP 12456 129 41 or or CC 12456 129 42 _ _ NNP 12456 129 43 joi joi NNP 12456 129 44 d'amor d'amor NNP 12456 129 45 _ _ NNP 12456 129 46 ( ( -LRB- 12456 129 47 _ _ NNP 12456 129 48 amor amor NN 12456 129 49 _ _ NNP 12456 129 50 in in IN 12456 129 51 Provençal Provençal NNP 12456 129 52 is be VBZ 12456 129 53 usually usually RB 12456 129 54 feminine feminine JJ 12456 129 55 ) ) -RRB- 12456 129 56 . . . 12456 130 1 [ [ -LRB- 12456 130 2 7 7 CD 12456 130 3 ] ] -RRB- 12456 130 4 Other other JJ 12456 130 5 virtues virtue NNS 12456 130 6 are be VBP 12456 130 7 produced produce VBN 12456 130 8 by by IN 12456 130 9 the the DT 12456 130 10 influence influence NN 12456 130 11 of of IN 12456 130 12 this this DT 12456 130 13 affection affection NN 12456 130 14 : : : 12456 130 15 the the DT 12456 130 16 lover lover NN 12456 130 17 must must MD 12456 130 18 have have VB 12456 130 19 _ _ NNP 12456 130 20 valor valor NN 12456 130 21 _ _ NNP 12456 130 22 , , , 12456 130 23 that that RB 12456 130 24 is is RB 12456 130 25 , , , 12456 130 26 he -PRON- PRP 12456 130 27 must must MD 12456 130 28 be be VB 12456 130 29 worthy worthy JJ 12456 130 30 of of IN 12456 130 31 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 130 32 lady lady NN 12456 130 33 ; ; : 12456 130 34 this this DT 12456 130 35 worth worth NN 12456 130 36 implies imply VBZ 12456 130 37 the the DT 12456 130 38 possession possession NN 12456 130 39 of of IN 12456 130 40 _ _ NNP 12456 130 41 cortesia cortesia NNP 12456 130 42 _ _ NNP 12456 130 43 , , , 12456 130 44 pleasure pleasure NN 12456 130 45 in in IN 12456 130 46 the the DT 12456 130 47 pleasure pleasure NN 12456 130 48 of of IN 12456 130 49 another another DT 12456 130 50 and and CC 12456 130 51 the the DT 12456 130 52 desire desire NN 12456 130 53 to to TO 12456 130 54 please please VB 12456 130 55 ; ; : 12456 130 56 this this DT 12456 130 57 quality quality NN 12456 130 58 is be VBZ 12456 130 59 acquired acquire VBN 12456 130 60 by by IN 12456 130 61 the the DT 12456 130 62 observance observance NN 12456 130 63 of of IN 12456 130 64 _ _ NNP 12456 130 65 mesura mesura NNP 12456 130 66 _ _ NNP 12456 130 67 , , , 12456 130 68 wisdom wisdom NN 12456 130 69 and and CC 12456 130 70 self self NN 12456 130 71 - - HYPH 12456 130 72 restraint restraint NN 12456 130 73 in in IN 12456 130 74 word word NN 12456 130 75 and and CC 12456 130 76 deed deed NN 12456 130 77 . . . 12456 131 1 The the DT 12456 131 2 poetry poetry NN 12456 131 3 which which WDT 12456 131 4 expresses express VBZ 12456 131 5 such such PDT 12456 131 6 a a DT 12456 131 7 state state NN 12456 131 8 of of IN 12456 131 9 mind mind NN 12456 131 10 is be VBZ 12456 131 11 usually usually RB 12456 131 12 idealised idealise VBN 12456 131 13 and and CC 12456 131 14 pictures picture VBZ 12456 131 15 the the DT 12456 131 16 relationship relationship NN 12456 131 17 rather rather RB 12456 131 18 as as IN 12456 131 19 it -PRON- PRP 12456 131 20 might may MD 12456 131 21 have have VB 12456 131 22 been be VBN 12456 131 23 than than IN 12456 131 24 as as IN 12456 131 25 it -PRON- PRP 12456 131 26 was be VBD 12456 131 27 . . . 12456 132 1 The the DT 12456 132 2 troubadour troubadour NN 12456 132 3 who who WP 12456 132 4 knew know VBD 12456 132 5 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 132 6 business business NN 12456 132 7 would would MD 12456 132 8 begin begin VB 12456 132 9 with with IN 12456 132 10 praises praise NNS 12456 132 11 of of IN 12456 132 12 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 132 13 beloved beloved JJ 12456 132 14 ; ; : 12456 132 15 she -PRON- PRP 12456 132 16 is be VBZ 12456 132 17 physically physically RB 12456 132 18 and and CC 12456 132 19 morally morally RB 12456 132 20 perfect perfect JJ 12456 132 21 , , , 12456 132 22 her -PRON- PRP$ 12456 132 23 beauty beauty NN 12456 132 24 illuminates illuminate VBZ 12456 132 25 the the DT 12456 132 26 night night NN 12456 132 27 , , , 12456 132 28 her -PRON- PRP$ 12456 132 29 presence presence NN 12456 132 30 heals heal VBZ 12456 132 31 the the DT 12456 132 32 sick sick JJ 12456 132 33 , , , 12456 132 34 cheers cheer VBZ 12456 132 35 the the DT 12456 132 36 sad sad JJ 12456 132 37 , , , 12456 132 38 makes make VBZ 12456 132 39 the the DT 12456 132 40 boor boor NN 12456 132 41 courteous courteous JJ 12456 132 42 and and CC 12456 132 43 so so RB 12456 132 44 forth forth RB 12456 132 45 . . . 12456 133 1 For for IN 12456 133 2 her -PRON- PRP 12456 133 3 the the DT 12456 133 4 singer singer NN 12456 133 5 's 's POS 12456 133 6 love love NN 12456 133 7 and and CC 12456 133 8 devotion devotion NN 12456 133 9 is be VBZ 12456 133 10 infinite infinite JJ 12456 133 11 : : : 12456 133 12 separation separation NN 12456 133 13 from from IN 12456 133 14 her -PRON- PRP 12456 133 15 would would MD 12456 133 16 be be VB 12456 133 17 worse bad JJR 12456 133 18 than than IN 12456 133 19 death death NN 12456 133 20 ; ; : 12456 133 21 her -PRON- PRP$ 12456 133 22 death death NN 12456 133 23 would would MD 12456 133 24 leave leave VB 12456 133 25 the the DT 12456 133 26 world world NN 12456 133 27 cheerless cheerless NN 12456 133 28 , , , 12456 133 29 and and CC 12456 133 30 to to IN 12456 133 31 her -PRON- PRP 12456 133 32 he -PRON- PRP 12456 133 33 owes owe VBZ 12456 133 34 any any DT 12456 133 35 thoughts thought NNS 12456 133 36 of of IN 12456 133 37 good good NN 12456 133 38 or or CC 12456 133 39 beauty beauty NN 12456 133 40 that that WDT 12456 133 41 he -PRON- PRP 12456 133 42 may may MD 12456 133 43 have have VB 12456 133 44 . . . 12456 134 1 It -PRON- PRP 12456 134 2 is be VBZ 12456 134 3 only only RB 12456 134 4 because because IN 12456 134 5 he -PRON- PRP 12456 134 6 loves love VBZ 12456 134 7 her -PRON- PRP 12456 134 8 that that IN 12456 134 9 he -PRON- PRP 12456 134 10 can can MD 12456 134 11 sing sing VB 12456 134 12 . . . 12456 135 1 Hence hence RB 12456 135 2 he -PRON- PRP 12456 135 3 would would MD 12456 135 4 rather rather RB 12456 135 5 suffer suffer VB 12456 135 6 any any DT 12456 135 7 pain pain NN 12456 135 8 or or CC 12456 135 9 punishment punishment NN 12456 135 10 at at IN 12456 135 11 her -PRON- PRP$ 12456 135 12 hands hand NNS 12456 135 13 than than IN 12456 135 14 receive receive VB 12456 135 15 the the DT 12456 135 16 highest high JJS 12456 135 17 favours favour NNS 12456 135 18 from from IN 12456 135 19 another another DT 12456 135 20 . . . 12456 136 1 The the DT 12456 136 2 effects effect NNS 12456 136 3 of of IN 12456 136 4 this this DT 12456 136 5 love love NN 12456 136 6 are be VBP 12456 136 7 obvious obvious JJ 12456 136 8 in in IN 12456 136 9 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 136 10 person person NN 12456 136 11 . . . 12456 137 1 His -PRON- PRP$ 12456 137 2 voice voice NN 12456 137 3 quavers quaver VBZ 12456 137 4 with with IN 12456 137 5 supreme supreme JJ 12456 137 6 delight delight NN 12456 137 7 or or CC 12456 137 8 [ [ -LRB- 12456 137 9 18 18 CD 12456 137 10 ] ] -RRB- 12456 137 11 breaks break NNS 12456 137 12 in in IN 12456 137 13 dark dark JJ 12456 137 14 despair despair NN 12456 137 15 ; ; : 12456 137 16 he -PRON- PRP 12456 137 17 sighs sigh VBZ 12456 137 18 and and CC 12456 137 19 weeps weep NNS 12456 137 20 and and CC 12456 137 21 wakes wake VBZ 12456 137 22 at at IN 12456 137 23 night night NN 12456 137 24 to to TO 12456 137 25 think think VB 12456 137 26 of of IN 12456 137 27 the the DT 12456 137 28 one one CD 12456 137 29 subject subject NN 12456 137 30 of of IN 12456 137 31 contemplation contemplation NN 12456 137 32 . . . 12456 138 1 Waves wave NNS 12456 138 2 of of IN 12456 138 3 heat heat NN 12456 138 4 and and CC 12456 138 5 cold cold JJ 12456 138 6 pass pass NN 12456 138 7 over over IN 12456 138 8 him -PRON- PRP 12456 138 9 , , , 12456 138 10 and and CC 12456 138 11 even even RB 12456 138 12 when when WRB 12456 138 13 he -PRON- PRP 12456 138 14 prays pray VBZ 12456 138 15 , , , 12456 138 16 her -PRON- PRP$ 12456 138 17 image image NN 12456 138 18 is be VBZ 12456 138 19 before before IN 12456 138 20 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 138 21 eyes eye NNS 12456 138 22 . . . 12456 139 1 This this DT 12456 139 2 passion passion NN 12456 139 3 has have VBZ 12456 139 4 transformed transform VBN 12456 139 5 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 139 6 nature nature NN 12456 139 7 : : : 12456 139 8 he -PRON- PRP 12456 139 9 is be VBZ 12456 139 10 a a DT 12456 139 11 better well JJR 12456 139 12 and and CC 12456 139 13 stronger strong JJR 12456 139 14 man man NN 12456 139 15 than than IN 12456 139 16 ever ever RB 12456 139 17 before before RB 12456 139 18 , , , 12456 139 19 ready ready JJ 12456 139 20 to to TO 12456 139 21 forgive forgive VB 12456 139 22 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 139 23 enemies enemy NNS 12456 139 24 and and CC 12456 139 25 to to TO 12456 139 26 undergo undergo VB 12456 139 27 any any DT 12456 139 28 physical physical JJ 12456 139 29 privations privation NNS 12456 139 30 ; ; : 12456 139 31 winter winter NN 12456 139 32 is be VBZ 12456 139 33 to to IN 12456 139 34 him -PRON- PRP 12456 139 35 as as IN 12456 139 36 the the DT 12456 139 37 cheerful cheerful NNP 12456 139 38 spring spring NN 12456 139 39 , , , 12456 139 40 ice ice NN 12456 139 41 and and CC 12456 139 42 snow snow NN 12456 139 43 as as IN 12456 139 44 soft soft JJ 12456 139 45 lawns lawn NNS 12456 139 46 and and CC 12456 139 47 flowery flowery JJ 12456 139 48 meads mead NNS 12456 139 49 . . . 12456 140 1 Yet yet RB 12456 140 2 , , , 12456 140 3 if if IN 12456 140 4 unrequited unrequited JJ 12456 140 5 , , , 12456 140 6 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 140 7 passion passion NN 12456 140 8 may may MD 12456 140 9 destroy destroy VB 12456 140 10 him -PRON- PRP 12456 140 11 ; ; : 12456 140 12 he -PRON- PRP 12456 140 13 loses lose VBZ 12456 140 14 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 140 15 self self NN 12456 140 16 - - HYPH 12456 140 17 control control NN 12456 140 18 , , , 12456 140 19 does do VBZ 12456 140 20 not not RB 12456 140 21 hear hear VB 12456 140 22 when when WRB 12456 140 23 he -PRON- PRP 12456 140 24 is be VBZ 12456 140 25 addressed address VBN 12456 140 26 , , , 12456 140 27 can can MD 12456 140 28 not not RB 12456 140 29 eat eat VB 12456 140 30 or or CC 12456 140 31 sleep sleep VB 12456 140 32 , , , 12456 140 33 grows grow VBZ 12456 140 34 thin thin JJ 12456 140 35 and and CC 12456 140 36 feeble feeble JJ 12456 140 37 , , , 12456 140 38 and and CC 12456 140 39 is be VBZ 12456 140 40 sinking sink VBG 12456 140 41 slowly slowly RB 12456 140 42 to to IN 12456 140 43 an an DT 12456 140 44 early early JJ 12456 140 45 tomb tomb NN 12456 140 46 . . . 12456 141 1 Even even RB 12456 141 2 so so RB 12456 141 3 , , , 12456 141 4 he -PRON- PRP 12456 141 5 does do VBZ 12456 141 6 not not RB 12456 141 7 regret regret VB 12456 141 8 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 141 9 love love NN 12456 141 10 , , , 12456 141 11 though though IN 12456 141 12 it -PRON- PRP 12456 141 13 lead lead VBZ 12456 141 14 to to IN 12456 141 15 suffering suffering NN 12456 141 16 and and CC 12456 141 17 death death NN 12456 141 18 ; ; : 12456 141 19 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 141 20 passion passion NN 12456 141 21 grows grow VBZ 12456 141 22 ever ever RB 12456 141 23 stronger strong JJR 12456 141 24 , , , 12456 141 25 for for IN 12456 141 26 it -PRON- PRP 12456 141 27 is be VBZ 12456 141 28 ever ever RB 12456 141 29 supported support VBN 12456 141 30 by by IN 12456 141 31 hope hope NN 12456 141 32 . . . 12456 142 1 But but CC 12456 142 2 if if IN 12456 142 3 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 142 4 hopes hope NNS 12456 142 5 are be VBP 12456 142 6 realised realise VBN 12456 142 7 , , , 12456 142 8 he -PRON- PRP 12456 142 9 will will MD 12456 142 10 owe owe VB 12456 142 11 everything everything NN 12456 142 12 to to IN 12456 142 13 the the DT 12456 142 14 gracious gracious JJ 12456 142 15 favour favour NN 12456 142 16 of of IN 12456 142 17 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 142 18 lady lady NN 12456 142 19 , , , 12456 142 20 for for IN 12456 142 21 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 142 22 own own JJ 12456 142 23 merits merit NNS 12456 142 24 can can MD 12456 142 25 avail avail VB 12456 142 26 nothing nothing NN 12456 142 27 . . . 12456 143 1 Sometimes sometimes RB 12456 143 2 he -PRON- PRP 12456 143 3 is be VBZ 12456 143 4 not not RB 12456 143 5 prepared prepare VBN 12456 143 6 for for IN 12456 143 7 such such JJ 12456 143 8 complete complete JJ 12456 143 9 self self NN 12456 143 10 - - HYPH 12456 143 11 renunciation renunciation NN 12456 143 12 ; ; : 12456 143 13 he -PRON- PRP 12456 143 14 reproaches reproach VBZ 12456 143 15 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 143 16 lady lady NN 12456 143 17 for for IN 12456 143 18 her -PRON- PRP$ 12456 143 19 coldness coldness NN 12456 143 20 , , , 12456 143 21 complains complain VBZ 12456 143 22 that that IN 12456 143 23 she -PRON- PRP 12456 143 24 has have VBZ 12456 143 25 led lead VBN 12456 143 26 him -PRON- PRP 12456 143 27 on on RP 12456 143 28 by by IN 12456 143 29 a a DT 12456 143 30 show show NN 12456 143 31 of of IN 12456 143 32 kindness kindness NN 12456 143 33 , , , 12456 143 34 has have VBZ 12456 143 35 deceived deceive VBN 12456 143 36 him -PRON- PRP 12456 143 37 and and CC 12456 143 38 will will MD 12456 143 39 be be VB 12456 143 40 the the DT 12456 143 41 cause cause NN 12456 143 42 of of IN 12456 143 43 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 143 44 death death NN 12456 143 45 ; ; : 12456 143 46 or or CC 12456 143 47 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 143 48 patience patience NN 12456 143 49 is be VBZ 12456 143 50 at at IN 12456 143 51 an an DT 12456 143 52 end end NN 12456 143 53 , , , 12456 143 54 he -PRON- PRP 12456 143 55 will will MD 12456 143 56 live live VB 12456 143 57 in in IN 12456 143 58 spite spite NN 12456 143 59 of of IN 12456 143 60 her -PRON- PRP 12456 143 61 and and CC 12456 143 62 try try VB 12456 143 63 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 143 64 fortune fortune NN 12456 143 65 elsewhere elsewhere RB 12456 143 66 . . . 12456 144 1 [ [ -LRB- 12456 144 2 8 8 CD 12456 144 3 ] ] -RRB- 12456 144 4 Such such JJ 12456 144 5 , , , 12456 144 6 in in IN 12456 144 7 very very RB 12456 144 8 general general JJ 12456 144 9 terms term NNS 12456 144 10 , , , 12456 144 11 is be VBZ 12456 144 12 the the DT 12456 144 13 course course NN 12456 144 14 that that WDT 12456 144 15 might may MD 12456 144 16 be be VB 12456 144 17 followed follow VBN 12456 144 18 in in IN 12456 144 19 developing develop VBG 12456 144 20 a a DT 12456 144 21 well well RB 12456 144 22 - - HYPH 12456 144 23 worn wear VBN 12456 144 24 theme theme NN 12456 144 25 , , , 12456 144 26 on on IN 12456 144 27 which which WDT 12456 144 28 many many JJ 12456 144 29 variations variation NNS 12456 144 30 are be VBP 12456 144 31 possible possible JJ 12456 144 32 . . . 12456 145 1 The the DT 12456 145 2 [ [ -LRB- 12456 145 3 19 19 CD 12456 145 4 ] ] -RRB- 12456 145 5 most most RBS 12456 145 6 common common JJ 12456 145 7 form form NN 12456 145 8 of of IN 12456 145 9 introduction introduction NN 12456 145 10 is be VBZ 12456 145 11 a a DT 12456 145 12 reference reference NN 12456 145 13 to to IN 12456 145 14 the the DT 12456 145 15 spring spring NN 12456 145 16 or or CC 12456 145 17 winter winter NN 12456 145 18 , , , 12456 145 19 and and CC 12456 145 20 to to IN 12456 145 21 the the DT 12456 145 22 influence influence NN 12456 145 23 of of IN 12456 145 24 the the DT 12456 145 25 seasons season NNS 12456 145 26 upon upon IN 12456 145 27 the the DT 12456 145 28 poet poet NN 12456 145 29 's 's POS 12456 145 30 frame frame NN 12456 145 31 of of IN 12456 145 32 mind mind NN 12456 145 33 or or CC 12456 145 34 the the DT 12456 145 35 desire desire NN 12456 145 36 of of IN 12456 145 37 the the DT 12456 145 38 lady lady NN 12456 145 39 or or CC 12456 145 40 of of IN 12456 145 41 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 145 42 patron 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NN 12456 150 19 of of IN 12456 150 20 these these DT 12456 150 21 institutions institution NNS 12456 150 22 , , , 12456 150 23 relying rely VBG 12456 150 24 upon upon IN 12456 150 25 the the DT 12456 150 26 evidence evidence NN 12456 150 27 of of IN 12456 150 28 the the DT 12456 150 29 _ _ NNP 12456 150 30 Art Art NNP 12456 150 31 d'Aimer d'Aimer NNP 12456 150 32 _ _ NNP 12456 150 33 by by IN 12456 150 34 André André NNP 12456 150 35 le le NNP 12456 150 36 Chapelain Chapelain NNP 12456 150 37 , , , 12456 150 38 a a DT 12456 150 39 work work NN 12456 150 40 written write VBN 12456 150 41 in in IN 12456 150 42 the the DT 12456 150 43 thirteenth thirteenth JJ 12456 150 44 century century NN 12456 150 45 and and CC 12456 150 46 upon upon IN 12456 150 47 the the DT 12456 150 48 statements statement NNS 12456 150 49 of of IN 12456 150 50 Nostradamus Nostradamus NNP 12456 150 51 ( ( -LRB- 12456 150 52 _ _ NNP 12456 150 53 Vies Vies NNP 12456 150 54 des des NNP 12456 150 55 plus plus CC 12456 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160 16 , , , 12456 160 17 a a DT 12456 160 18 proposal proposal NN 12456 160 19 was be VBD 12456 160 20 made make VBN 12456 160 21 to to TO 12456 160 22 send send VB 12456 160 23 the the DT 12456 160 24 problem problem NN 12456 160 25 to to IN 12456 160 26 a a DT 12456 160 27 troubadour troubadour JJ 12456 160 28 - - HYPH 12456 160 29 patron patron NN 12456 160 30 or or CC 12456 160 31 to to IN 12456 160 32 a a DT 12456 160 33 lady lady NN 12456 160 34 for for IN 12456 160 35 settlement settlement NN 12456 160 36 , , , 12456 160 37 a a DT 12456 160 38 proposal proposal NN 12456 160 39 which which WDT 12456 160 40 came come VBD 12456 160 41 to to TO 12456 160 42 be be VB 12456 160 43 a a DT 12456 160 44 regular regular JJ 12456 160 45 formula formula NN 12456 160 46 for for IN 12456 160 47 concluding conclude VBG 12456 160 48 the the DT 12456 160 49 contest contest NN 12456 160 50 . . . 12456 161 1 Raynouard raynouard NN 12456 161 2 quotes quote VBZ 12456 161 3 the the DT 12456 161 4 conclusion conclusion NN 12456 161 5 of of IN 12456 161 6 a a DT 12456 161 7 _ _ NNP 12456 161 8 tenso tenso NN 12456 161 9 _ _ NNP 12456 161 10 given give VBN 12456 161 11 by by IN 12456 161 12 Nostradamus Nostradamus NNP 12456 161 13 in in IN 12456 161 14 which which WDT 12456 161 15 one one CD 12456 161 16 of of IN 12456 161 17 the the DT 12456 161 18 interlocutors interlocutor NNS 12456 161 19 says say VBZ 12456 161 20 , , , 12456 161 21 " " `` 12456 161 22 I -PRON- PRP 12456 161 23 shall shall MD 12456 161 24 overcome overcome VB 12456 161 25 you -PRON- PRP 12456 161 26 if if IN 12456 161 27 the the DT 12456 161 28 court court NN 12456 161 29 is be VBZ 12456 161 30 loyal loyal JJ 12456 161 31 : : : 12456 161 32 I -PRON- PRP 12456 161 33 will will MD 12456 161 34 send send VB 12456 161 35 the the DT 12456 161 36 _ _ NNP 12456 161 37 tenso tenso NN 12456 161 38 _ _ NNP 12456 161 39 to to IN 12456 161 40 Pierrefeu Pierrefeu NNP 12456 161 41 , , , 12456 161 42 where where WRB 12456 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163 15 an an DT 12456 163 16 integral integral JJ 12456 163 17 part part NN 12456 163 18 of of IN 12456 163 19 Provençal Provençal NNP 12456 163 20 custom custom NN 12456 163 21 , , , 12456 163 22 it -PRON- PRP 12456 163 23 is be VBZ 12456 163 24 scarcely scarcely RB 12456 163 25 conceivable conceivable JJ 12456 163 26 that that IN 12456 163 27 we -PRON- PRP 12456 163 28 should should MD 12456 163 29 be be VB 12456 163 30 informed inform VBN 12456 163 31 of of IN 12456 163 32 its -PRON- PRP$ 12456 163 33 existence existence NN 12456 163 34 only only RB 12456 163 35 by by IN 12456 163 36 a a DT 12456 163 37 few few JJ 12456 163 38 vague vague JJ 12456 163 39 and and CC 12456 163 40 scattered scatter VBN 12456 163 41 allusions allusion NNS 12456 163 42 in in IN 12456 163 43 the the DT 12456 163 44 large large JJ 12456 163 45 body body NN 12456 163 46 of of IN 12456 163 47 Provençal Provençal NNP 12456 163 48 literature literature NN 12456 163 49 . . . 12456 164 1 For for IN 12456 164 2 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Didactic didactic JJ 12456 167 2 poetry poetry NN 12456 167 3 includes include VBZ 12456 167 4 historical historical JJ 12456 167 5 works work NNS 12456 167 6 such such JJ 12456 167 7 as as IN 12456 167 8 the the DT 12456 167 9 poem poem NN 12456 167 10 of of IN 12456 167 11 the the DT 12456 167 12 Albigeois Albigeois NNP 12456 167 13 crusade crusade NN 12456 167 14 , , , 12456 167 15 ethical ethical JJ 12456 167 16 or or CC 12456 167 17 moralising moralise VBG 12456 167 18 _ _ NNP 12456 167 19 ensenhamens ensenhamen VBZ 12456 167 20 _ _ NNP 12456 167 21 and and CC 12456 167 22 religious religious JJ 12456 167 23 poetry poetry NN 12456 167 24 . . . 12456 168 1 But but CC 12456 168 2 the the DT 12456 168 3 dominating dominating JJ 12456 168 4 element element NN 12456 168 5 in in IN 12456 168 6 Provençal Provençal NNP 12456 168 7 literature literature NN 12456 168 8 is be VBZ 12456 168 9 lyrical lyrical JJ 12456 168 10 , , , 12456 168 11 and and CC 12456 168 12 during during IN 12456 168 13 the the DT 12456 168 14 short short JJ 12456 168 15 classical classical JJ 12456 168 16 age age NN 12456 168 17 of of IN 12456 168 18 this this DT 12456 168 19 literature literature NN 12456 168 20 lyric lyric NN 12456 168 21 poetry poetry NN 12456 168 22 was be VBD 12456 168 23 supreme supreme NNP 12456 168 24 . . . 12456 169 1 Nearly nearly RB 12456 169 2 five five CD 12456 169 3 hundred hundred CD 12456 169 4 different different JJ 12456 169 5 troubadours troubadour NNS 12456 169 6 are be VBP 12456 169 7 known know VBN 12456 169 8 to to IN 12456 169 9 us -PRON- PRP 12456 169 10 at at IN 12456 169 11 least least JJS 12456 169 12 by by IN 12456 169 13 name name NN 12456 169 14 and and CC 12456 169 15 almost almost RB 12456 169 16 a a DT 12456 169 17 thousand thousand CD 12456 169 18 different different JJ 12456 169 19 stanza stanza NNP 12456 169 20 forms form NNS 12456 169 21 have have VBP 12456 169 22 been be VBN 12456 169 23 enumerated enumerate VBN 12456 169 24 . . . 12456 170 1 While while IN 12456 170 2 examples example NNS 12456 170 3 of of IN 12456 170 4 the the DT 12456 170 5 fine fine JJ 12456 170 6 careless careless JJ 12456 170 7 rapture rapture NN 12456 170 8 of of IN 12456 170 9 inspiration inspiration NN 12456 170 10 are be VBP 12456 170 11 by by IN 12456 170 12 no no DT 12456 170 13 means means NN 12456 170 14 wanting want VBG 12456 170 15 , , , 12456 170 16 artificiality artificiality NN 12456 170 17 reigns reigns NNP 12456 170 18 supreme supreme NNP 12456 170 19 in in IN 12456 170 20 the the DT 12456 170 21 majority majority NN 12456 170 22 of of IN 12456 170 23 cases case NNS 12456 170 24 . . . 12456 171 1 Questions question NNS 12456 171 2 of of IN 12456 171 3 technique technique NN 12456 171 4 receive receive VBP 12456 171 5 the the DT 12456 171 6 most most RBS 12456 171 7 sedulous sedulous JJ 12456 171 8 attention attention NN 12456 171 9 , , , 12456 171 10 and and CC 12456 171 11 the the DT 12456 171 12 principles principle NNS 12456 171 13 of of IN 12456 171 14 stanza stanza JJ 12456 171 15 construction construction NN 12456 171 16 , , , 12456 171 17 rime rime NN 12456 171 18 correspondence correspondence NN 12456 171 19 and and CC 12456 171 20 rime rime NN 12456 171 21 distribution distribution NN 12456 171 22 , , , 12456 171 23 as as IN 12456 171 24 evolved evolve VBN 12456 171 25 by by IN 12456 171 26 the the DT 12456 171 27 [ [ -LRB- 12456 171 28 23 23 CD 12456 171 29 ] ] -RRB- 12456 171 30 troubadours troubadour NNS 12456 171 31 , , , 12456 171 32 exerted exert VBD 12456 171 33 so so RB 12456 171 34 wide wide RB 12456 171 35 an an DT 12456 171 36 influence influence NN 12456 171 37 upon upon IN 12456 171 38 other other JJ 12456 171 39 European european JJ 12456 171 40 literature literature NN 12456 171 41 that that WDT 12456 171 42 they -PRON- PRP 12456 171 43 deserve deserve VBP 12456 171 44 a a DT 12456 171 45 chapter chapter NN 12456 171 46 to to IN 12456 171 47 themselves -PRON- PRP 12456 171 48 . . . 12456 172 1 There there EX 12456 172 2 was be VBD 12456 172 3 no no DT 12456 172 4 formal formal JJ 12456 172 5 school school NN 12456 172 6 for for IN 12456 172 7 poetical poetical JJ 12456 172 8 training training NN 12456 172 9 during during IN 12456 172 10 the the DT 12456 172 11 best good JJS 12456 172 12 period period NN 12456 172 13 of of IN 12456 172 14 Provençal Provençal NNP 12456 172 15 lyric lyric NN 12456 172 16 . . . 12456 173 1 When when WRB 12456 173 2 , , , 12456 173 3 for for IN 12456 173 4 instance instance NN 12456 173 5 , , , 12456 173 6 Giraut Giraut NNP 12456 173 7 de de IN 12456 173 8 Bornelli Bornelli NNP 12456 173 9 is be VBZ 12456 173 10 said say VBN 12456 173 11 to to TO 12456 173 12 have have VB 12456 173 13 gone go VBN 12456 173 14 to to IN 12456 173 15 " " `` 12456 173 16 school school NN 12456 173 17 " " '' 12456 173 18 during during IN 12456 173 19 the the DT 12456 173 20 winter winter NN 12456 173 21 seasons season NNS 12456 173 22 , , , 12456 173 23 nothing nothing NN 12456 173 24 more more JJR 12456 173 25 is be VBZ 12456 173 26 meant mean VBN 12456 173 27 than than IN 12456 173 28 the the DT 12456 173 29 pursuit pursuit NN 12456 173 30 of of IN 12456 173 31 the the DT 12456 173 32 trivium trivium NN 12456 173 33 and and CC 12456 173 34 quadrivium quadrivium NN 12456 173 35 , , , 12456 173 36 the the DT 12456 173 37 seven seven CD 12456 173 38 arts art NNS 12456 173 39 , , , 12456 173 40 which which WDT 12456 173 41 formed form VBD 12456 173 42 the the DT 12456 173 43 usual usual JJ 12456 173 44 subjects subject NNS 12456 173 45 of of IN 12456 173 46 instruction instruction NN 12456 173 47 . . . 12456 174 1 A a DT 12456 174 2 troubadour troubadour NN 12456 174 3 learned learn VBD 12456 174 4 the the DT 12456 174 5 principles principle NNS 12456 174 6 of of IN 12456 174 7 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 174 8 art art NN 12456 174 9 from from IN 12456 174 10 other other JJ 12456 174 11 poets poet NNS 12456 174 12 who who WP 12456 174 13 were be VBD 12456 174 14 well well RB 12456 174 15 acquainted acquaint VBN 12456 174 16 with with IN 12456 174 17 the the DT 12456 174 18 conventions convention NNS 12456 174 19 that that WDT 12456 174 20 had have VBD 12456 174 21 been be VBN 12456 174 22 formulated formulate VBN 12456 174 23 in in IN 12456 174 24 course course NN 12456 174 25 of of IN 12456 174 26 time time NN 12456 174 27 , , , 12456 174 28 conventions convention NNS 12456 174 29 which which WDT 12456 174 30 were be VBD 12456 174 31 collected collect VBN 12456 174 32 and and CC 12456 174 33 systematised systematise VBN 12456 174 34 in in IN 12456 174 35 such such JJ 12456 174 36 treatises treatise NNS 12456 174 37 as as IN 12456 174 38 the the DT 12456 174 39 Leys Leys NNP 12456 174 40 d'Amors d'Amors NNPS 12456 174 41 during during IN 12456 174 42 the the DT 12456 174 43 period period NN 12456 174 44 of of IN 12456 174 45 the the DT 12456 174 46 decadence decadence NN 12456 174 47 . . . 12456 175 1 The the DT 12456 175 2 love love NN 12456 175 3 song song NN 12456 175 4 or or CC 12456 175 5 _ _ NNP 12456 175 6 chanso chanso NN 12456 175 7 _ _ NNP 12456 175 8 was be VBD 12456 175 9 composed compose VBN 12456 175 10 of of IN 12456 175 11 five five CD 12456 175 12 , , , 12456 175 13 six six CD 12456 175 14 or or CC 12456 175 15 seven seven CD 12456 175 16 stanzas stanza NNS 12456 175 17 ( ( -LRB- 12456 175 18 _ _ NNP 12456 175 19 coblas coblas NNP 12456 175 20 _ _ NNP 12456 175 21 ) ) -RRB- 12456 175 22 with with IN 12456 175 23 , , , 12456 175 24 one one CD 12456 175 25 or or CC 12456 175 26 two two CD 12456 175 27 _ _ NNP 12456 175 28 tornadas tornadas NNP 12456 175 29 _ _ NNP 12456 175 30 or or CC 12456 175 31 _ _ NNP 12456 175 32 envois envois NN 12456 175 33 _ _ NNP 12456 175 34 . . . 12456 176 1 The the DT 12456 176 2 stanza stanza NNP 12456 176 3 varied vary VBD 12456 176 4 in in IN 12456 176 5 length length NN 12456 176 6 from from IN 12456 176 7 two two CD 12456 176 8 to to TO 12456 176 9 forty forty CD 12456 176 10 - - HYPH 12456 176 11 two two CD 12456 176 12 lines line NNS 12456 176 13 , , , 12456 176 14 though though IN 12456 176 15 these these DT 12456 176 16 limits limit NNS 12456 176 17 are be VBP 12456 176 18 , , , 12456 176 19 of of IN 12456 176 20 course course NN 12456 176 21 , , , 12456 176 22 exceptional exceptional JJ 12456 176 23 . . . 12456 177 1 An an DT 12456 177 2 earlier early JJR 12456 177 3 form form NN 12456 177 4 of of IN 12456 177 5 the the DT 12456 177 6 _ _ NNP 12456 177 7 chanso chanso NN 12456 177 8 _ _ NNP 12456 177 9 was be VBD 12456 177 10 known know VBN 12456 177 11 as as IN 12456 177 12 the the DT 12456 177 13 _ _ NNP 12456 177 14 vers ver VBZ 12456 177 15 _ _ NNP 12456 177 16 ; ; : 12456 177 17 it -PRON- PRP 12456 177 18 seems seem VBZ 12456 177 19 to to TO 12456 177 20 have have VB 12456 177 21 been be VBN 12456 177 22 in in IN 12456 177 23 closer close JJR 12456 177 24 relation relation NN 12456 177 25 to to IN 12456 177 26 the the DT 12456 177 27 popular popular JJ 12456 177 28 poetry poetry NN 12456 177 29 than than IN 12456 177 30 the the DT 12456 177 31 more more RBR 12456 177 32 artificial artificial JJ 12456 177 33 _ _ NNP 12456 177 34 chanso chanso NN 12456 177 35 _ _ NNP 12456 177 36 , , , 12456 177 37 and and CC 12456 177 38 to to TO 12456 177 39 have have VB 12456 177 40 had have VBN 12456 177 41 shorter short JJR 12456 177 42 stanzas stanza NNS 12456 177 43 and and CC 12456 177 44 lines line NNS 12456 177 45 ; ; : 12456 177 46 but but CC 12456 177 47 the the DT 12456 177 48 distinction distinction NN 12456 177 49 is be VBZ 12456 177 50 not not RB 12456 177 51 clear clear JJ 12456 177 52 . . . 12456 178 1 As as IN 12456 178 2 all all DT 12456 178 3 poems poem NNS 12456 178 4 were be VBD 12456 178 5 intended intend VBN 12456 178 6 to to TO 12456 178 7 be be VB 12456 178 8 sung sung JJ 12456 178 9 , , , 12456 178 10 the the DT 12456 178 11 poet poet NN 12456 178 12 was be VBD 12456 178 13 also also RB 12456 178 14 a a DT 12456 178 15 composer composer NN 12456 178 16 ; ; : 12456 178 17 the the DT 12456 178 18 biography biography NN 12456 178 19 of of IN 12456 178 20 Jaufre Jaufre NNP 12456 178 21 Rudel Rudel NNP 12456 178 22 , , , 12456 178 23 for for IN 12456 178 24 instance instance NN 12456 178 25 , , , 12456 178 26 says say VBZ 12456 178 27 that that IN 12456 178 28 this this DT 12456 178 29 troubadour troubadour NN 12456 178 30 " " `` 12456 178 31 made make VBD 12456 178 32 many many JJ 12456 178 33 poems poem NNS 12456 178 34 with with IN 12456 178 35 good good JJ 12456 178 36 tunes tune NNS 12456 178 37 but but CC 12456 178 38 poor poor JJ 12456 178 39 [ [ -LRB- 12456 178 40 24 24 CD 12456 178 41 ] ] -RRB- 12456 178 42 words word NNS 12456 178 43 . . . 12456 178 44 " " '' 12456 179 1 The the DT 12456 179 2 tune tune NN 12456 179 3 known know VBN 12456 179 4 as as IN 12456 179 5 _ _ NNP 12456 179 6 son son NN 12456 179 7 _ _ NNP 12456 179 8 ( ( -LRB- 12456 179 9 diminutive diminutive JJ 12456 179 10 sonnet sonnet NNP 12456 179 11 ) ) -RRB- 12456 179 12 was be VBD 12456 179 13 as as RB 12456 179 14 much much JJ 12456 179 15 the the DT 12456 179 16 property property NN 12456 179 17 of of IN 12456 179 18 a a DT 12456 179 19 troubadour troubadour NN 12456 179 20 as as IN 12456 179 21 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 179 22 poem poem NN 12456 179 23 , , , 12456 179 24 for for IN 12456 179 25 it -PRON- PRP 12456 179 26 implied imply VBN 12456 179 27 and and CC 12456 179 28 would would MD 12456 179 29 only only RB 12456 179 30 suit suit VB 12456 179 31 a a DT 12456 179 32 special special JJ 12456 179 33 form form NN 12456 179 34 of of IN 12456 179 35 stanza stanza NNP 12456 179 36 ; ; : 12456 179 37 hence hence RB 12456 179 38 if if IN 12456 179 39 another another DT 12456 179 40 poet poet NN 12456 179 41 borrowed borrow VBD 12456 179 42 it -PRON- PRP 12456 179 43 , , , 12456 179 44 acknowledgment acknowledgment JJ 12456 179 45 was be VBD 12456 179 46 generally generally RB 12456 179 47 made make VBN 12456 179 48 . . . 12456 180 1 Dante Dante NNP 12456 180 2 , , , 12456 180 3 in in IN 12456 180 4 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 180 5 _ _ NNP 12456 180 6 De De NNP 12456 180 7 Vulgari Vulgari NNP 12456 180 8 Eloquentia Eloquentia NNP 12456 180 9 _ _ NNP 12456 180 10 , , , 12456 180 11 informs inform VBZ 12456 180 12 us -PRON- PRP 12456 180 13 concerning concern VBG 12456 180 14 the the DT 12456 180 15 structure structure NN 12456 180 16 of of IN 12456 180 17 this this DT 12456 180 18 musical musical JJ 12456 180 19 setting setting NN 12456 180 20 : : : 12456 180 21 it -PRON- PRP 12456 180 22 might may MD 12456 180 23 be be VB 12456 180 24 continuous continuous JJ 12456 180 25 without without IN 12456 180 26 repetition repetition NN 12456 180 27 or or CC 12456 180 28 division division NN 12456 180 29 ; ; : 12456 180 30 or or CC 12456 180 31 it -PRON- PRP 12456 180 32 might may MD 12456 180 33 be be VB 12456 180 34 in in IN 12456 180 35 two two CD 12456 180 36 parts part NNS 12456 180 37 , , , 12456 180 38 one one CD 12456 180 39 repeating repeat VBG 12456 180 40 the the DT 12456 180 41 other other JJ 12456 180 42 , , , 12456 180 43 in in IN 12456 180 44 which which WDT 12456 180 45 case case NN 12456 180 46 the the DT 12456 180 47 stanza stanza NNP 12456 180 48 was be VBD 12456 180 49 also also RB 12456 180 50 divided divide VBN 12456 180 51 into into IN 12456 180 52 two two CD 12456 180 53 parts part NNS 12456 180 54 , , , 12456 180 55 the the DT 12456 180 56 division division NN 12456 180 57 being be VBG 12456 180 58 termed term VBN 12456 180 59 by by IN 12456 180 60 Dante Dante NNP 12456 180 61 the the DT 12456 180 62 _ _ NNP 12456 180 63 diesis diesis NN 12456 180 64 _ _ NNP 12456 180 65 or or CC 12456 180 66 _ _ NNP 12456 180 67 volta volta NNP 12456 180 68 _ _ NNP 12456 180 69 ; ; : 12456 180 70 of of IN 12456 180 71 these these DT 12456 180 72 two two CD 12456 180 73 parts part NNS 12456 180 74 one one PRP 12456 180 75 might may MD 12456 180 76 be be VB 12456 180 77 subdivided subdivide VBN 12456 180 78 into into IN 12456 180 79 two two CD 12456 180 80 or or CC 12456 180 81 even even RB 12456 180 82 more more JJR 12456 180 83 parts part NNS 12456 180 84 , , , 12456 180 85 which which WDT 12456 180 86 parts part VBZ 12456 180 87 , , , 12456 180 88 in in IN 12456 180 89 the the DT 12456 180 90 stanza stanza NNP 12456 180 91 , , , 12456 180 92 corresponded correspond VBD 12456 180 93 both both DT 12456 180 94 in in IN 12456 180 95 rimes rime NNS 12456 180 96 and and CC 12456 180 97 in in IN 12456 180 98 the the DT 12456 180 99 arrangement arrangement NN 12456 180 100 of of IN 12456 180 101 the the DT 12456 180 102 lines line NNS 12456 180 103 . . . 12456 181 1 If if IN 12456 181 2 the the DT 12456 181 3 first first JJ 12456 181 4 part part NN 12456 181 5 of of IN 12456 181 6 the the DT 12456 181 7 stanza stanza NNP 12456 181 8 was be VBD 12456 181 9 thus thus RB 12456 181 10 divisible divisible JJ 12456 181 11 , , , 12456 181 12 the the DT 12456 181 13 parts part NNS 12456 181 14 were be VBD 12456 181 15 called call VBN 12456 181 16 _ _ NNP 12456 181 17 pedes pes NNS 12456 181 18 _ _ NNP 12456 181 19 , , , 12456 181 20 and and CC 12456 181 21 the the DT 12456 181 22 musical musical JJ 12456 181 23 theme theme NN 12456 181 24 or or CC 12456 181 25 _ _ NNP 12456 181 26 oda oda NNP 12456 181 27 _ _ NNP 12456 181 28 of of IN 12456 181 29 the the DT 12456 181 30 first first JJ 12456 181 31 _ _ NNP 12456 181 32 pes pes NN 12456 181 33 _ _ NNP 12456 181 34 was be VBD 12456 181 35 repeated repeat VBN 12456 181 36 for for IN 12456 181 37 the the DT 12456 181 38 second second JJ 12456 181 39 ; ; : 12456 181 40 the the DT 12456 181 41 rest rest NN 12456 181 42 of of IN 12456 181 43 the the DT 12456 181 44 stanza stanza NNP 12456 181 45 was be VBD 12456 181 46 known know VBN 12456 181 47 as as IN 12456 181 48 the the DT 12456 181 49 _ _ NNP 12456 181 50 syrma syrma NNP 12456 181 51 _ _ NNP 12456 181 52 or or CC 12456 181 53 _ _ NNP 12456 181 54 coda coda NNP 12456 181 55 _ _ NNP 12456 181 56 , , , 12456 181 57 and and CC 12456 181 58 had have VBD 12456 181 59 a a DT 12456 181 60 musical musical JJ 12456 181 61 theme theme NN 12456 181 62 of of IN 12456 181 63 its -PRON- PRP$ 12456 181 64 own own JJ 12456 181 65 . . . 12456 182 1 Again again RB 12456 182 2 the the DT 12456 182 3 first first JJ 12456 182 4 part part NN 12456 182 5 of of IN 12456 182 6 the the DT 12456 182 7 stanza stanza NN 12456 182 8 might may MD 12456 182 9 be be VB 12456 182 10 indivisible indivisible JJ 12456 182 11 , , , 12456 182 12 when when WRB 12456 182 13 it -PRON- PRP 12456 182 14 was be VBD 12456 182 15 called call VBN 12456 182 16 the the DT 12456 182 17 _ _ NNP 12456 182 18 frons fron NNS 12456 182 19 _ _ NNP 12456 182 20 , , , 12456 182 21 the the DT 12456 182 22 divided divide VBN 12456 182 23 parts part NNS 12456 182 24 of of IN 12456 182 25 the the DT 12456 182 26 second second JJ 12456 182 27 half half NN 12456 182 28 being be VBG 12456 182 29 the the DT 12456 182 30 _ _ NNP 12456 182 31 versus versus FW 12456 182 32 _ _ NNP 12456 182 33 ; ; : 12456 182 34 in in IN 12456 182 35 this this DT 12456 182 36 case case NN 12456 182 37 the the DT 12456 182 38 _ _ NNP 12456 182 39 frons fron NNS 12456 182 40 _ _ NNP 12456 182 41 had have VBD 12456 182 42 its -PRON- PRP$ 12456 182 43 own own JJ 12456 182 44 musical musical JJ 12456 182 45 theme theme NN 12456 182 46 , , , 12456 182 47 as as IN 12456 182 48 did do VBD 12456 182 49 the the DT 12456 182 50 first first JJ 12456 182 51 _ _ NNP 12456 182 52 versus versus FW 12456 182 53 _ _ NNP 12456 182 54 , , , 12456 182 55 the the DT 12456 182 56 theme theme NN 12456 182 57 of of IN 12456 182 58 the the DT 12456 182 59 first first JJ 12456 182 60 _ _ NNP 12456 182 61 versus versus IN 12456 182 62 _ _ NNP 12456 182 63 being be VBG 12456 182 64 repeated repeat VBN 12456 182 65 for for IN 12456 182 66 the the DT 12456 182 67 second second JJ 12456 182 68 . . . 12456 183 1 Or or CC 12456 183 2 , , , 12456 183 3 lastly lastly RB 12456 183 4 , , , 12456 183 5 a a DT 12456 183 6 stanza stanza NN 12456 183 7 might may MD 12456 183 8 [ [ -LRB- 12456 183 9 25 25 CD 12456 183 10 ] ] -RRB- 12456 183 11 consist consist NN 12456 183 12 of of IN 12456 183 13 _ _ NNP 12456 183 14 pedes pes NNS 12456 183 15 _ _ NNP 12456 183 16 and and CC 12456 183 17 _ _ NNP 12456 183 18 versus versus FW 12456 183 19 _ _ NNP 12456 183 20 , , , 12456 183 21 one one CD 12456 183 22 theme theme NN 12456 183 23 being be VBG 12456 183 24 used use VBN 12456 183 25 for for IN 12456 183 26 the the DT 12456 183 27 first first JJ 12456 183 28 _ _ NNP 12456 183 29 pes pe NNS 12456 183 30 _ _ NNP 12456 183 31 and and CC 12456 183 32 repeated repeat VBN 12456 183 33 for for IN 12456 183 34 the the DT 12456 183 35 second second JJ 12456 183 36 and and CC 12456 183 37 similarly similarly RB 12456 183 38 with with IN 12456 183 39 the the DT 12456 183 40 _ _ NNP 12456 183 41 versus versus FW 12456 183 42 _ _ NNP 12456 183 43 . . . 12456 184 1 Thus thus RB 12456 184 2 the the DT 12456 184 3 general general JJ 12456 184 4 principle principle NN 12456 184 5 upon upon IN 12456 184 6 which which WDT 12456 184 7 the the DT 12456 184 8 stanza stanza NNP 12456 184 9 was be VBD 12456 184 10 constructed construct VBN 12456 184 11 was be VBD 12456 184 12 that that DT 12456 184 13 of of IN 12456 184 14 tripartition tripartition NN 12456 184 15 in in IN 12456 184 16 the the DT 12456 184 17 following follow VBG 12456 184 18 three three CD 12456 184 19 forms:-- forms:-- CD 12456 184 20 I -PRON- PRP 12456 184 21 1st 1st JJ 12456 184 22 line line NN 12456 184 23 } } -RRB- 12456 184 24 2nd 2nd JJ 12456 184 25 " " '' 12456 184 26 } } -RRB- 12456 184 27 Pes Pes NNP 12456 184 28 3rd 3rd NNP 12456 184 29 " " '' 12456 184 30 etc etc FW 12456 184 31 . . . 12456 184 32 } } -RRB- 12456 185 1 1st 1st JJ 12456 185 2 line line NN 12456 185 3 } } -RRB- 12456 185 4 2nd 2nd JJ 12456 185 5 " " '' 12456 185 6 } } -RRB- 12456 185 7 Pes Pes NNP 12456 185 8 3rd 3rd NNP 12456 185 9 " " '' 12456 185 10 etc etc FW 12456 185 11 . . . 12456 185 12 } } -RRB- 12456 186 1 Diesis Diesis NNP 12456 186 2 or or CC 12456 186 3 Volta Volta NNP 12456 186 4 1st 1st JJ 12456 186 5 line line NN 12456 186 6 } } -RRB- 12456 186 7 Syrma Syrma NNP 12456 186 8 2nd 2nd NN 12456 186 9 " " '' 12456 186 10 } } -RRB- 12456 186 11 or or CC 12456 186 12 Coda Coda NNP 12456 186 13 3rd 3rd NN 12456 186 14 " " '' 12456 186 15 etc etc FW 12456 186 16 . . . 12456 186 17 } } -RRB- 12456 187 1 II II NNP 12456 187 2 1st 1st JJ 12456 187 3 line line NN 12456 187 4 } } -RRB- 12456 187 5 2nd 2nd JJ 12456 187 6 " " '' 12456 187 7 } } -RRB- 12456 187 8 Frons Frons NNP 12456 187 9 3rd 3rd NN 12456 187 10 " " '' 12456 187 11 etc etc FW 12456 187 12 . . . 12456 187 13 } } -RRB- 12456 188 1 Diesis Diesis NNP 12456 188 2 or or CC 12456 188 3 Volta Volta NNP 12456 188 4 1st 1st JJ 12456 188 5 line line NN 12456 188 6 } } -RRB- 12456 188 7 2nd 2nd JJ 12456 188 8 " " '' 12456 188 9 } } -RRB- 12456 188 10 Versus Versus NNP 12456 188 11 3rd 3rd NN 12456 188 12 " " `` 12456 188 13 etc etc FW 12456 188 14 . . . 12456 188 15 } } -RRB- 12456 189 1 1st 1st JJ 12456 189 2 line line NNP 12456 189 3 } } -RRB- 12456 189 4 2nd 2nd JJ 12456 189 5 . . . 12456 189 6 " " '' 12456 190 1 } } -RRB- 12456 190 2 Versus Versus NNP 12456 190 3 3rd 3rd NN 12456 190 4 " " `` 12456 190 5 etc etc FW 12456 190 6 . . . 12456 190 7 } } -RRB- 12456 191 1 III iii CD 12456 191 2 1st 1st JJ 12456 191 3 line line NN 12456 191 4 } } -RRB- 12456 191 5 2nd 2nd JJ 12456 191 6 " " '' 12456 191 7 } } -RRB- 12456 191 8 Pes Pes NNP 12456 191 9 3rd 3rd NNP 12456 191 10 " " '' 12456 191 11 etc etc FW 12456 191 12 . . . 12456 191 13 } } -RRB- 12456 192 1 1st 1st JJ 12456 192 2 line line NN 12456 192 3 } } -RRB- 12456 192 4 2nd 2nd JJ 12456 192 5 " " '' 12456 192 6 } } -RRB- 12456 192 7 Pes Pes NNP 12456 192 8 3rd 3rd NNP 12456 192 9 " " '' 12456 192 10 etc etc FW 12456 192 11 . . . 12456 192 12 } } -RRB- 12456 193 1 Diesis Diesis NNP 12456 193 2 or or CC 12456 193 3 Volta Volta NNP 12456 193 4 1st 1st JJ 12456 193 5 line line NN 12456 193 6 } } -RRB- 12456 193 7 2nd 2nd JJ 12456 193 8 " " '' 12456 193 9 } } -RRB- 12456 193 10 Versus Versus NNP 12456 193 11 3rd 3rd NN 12456 193 12 " " `` 12456 193 13 etc etc FW 12456 193 14 . . . 12456 193 15 } } -RRB- 12456 194 1 1st 1st JJ 12456 194 2 line line NNP 12456 194 3 } } -RRB- 12456 194 4 2nd 2nd JJ 12456 194 5 . . . 12456 194 6 " " '' 12456 195 1 } } -RRB- 12456 195 2 Versus Versus NNP 12456 195 3 3rd 3rd NN 12456 195 4 " " `` 12456 195 5 etc etc FW 12456 195 6 . . . 12456 195 7 } } -RRB- 12456 196 1 These these DT 12456 196 2 forms form NNS 12456 196 3 were be VBD 12456 196 4 rather rather RB 12456 196 5 typical typical JJ 12456 196 6 than than IN 12456 196 7 stringently stringently RB 12456 196 8 binding bind VBG 12456 196 9 as as IN 12456 196 10 Dante Dante NNP 12456 196 11 himself -PRON- PRP 12456 196 12 notes note VBZ 12456 196 13 ( ( -LRB- 12456 196 14 _ _ NNP 12456 196 15 De De NNP 12456 196 16 Vulg Vulg NNP 12456 196 17 . . . 12456 197 1 El El NNP 12456 197 2 . . NNP 12456 197 3 _ _ NNP 12456 197 4 , , , 12456 197 5 ii ii NNP 12456 197 6 , , , 12456 197 7 11 11 CD 12456 197 8 ) ) -RRB- 12456 197 9 ; ; : 12456 197 10 many many JJ 12456 197 11 variations variation NNS 12456 197 12 were be VBD 12456 197 13 [ [ -LRB- 12456 197 14 26 26 CD 12456 197 15 ] ] -RRB- 12456 197 16 possible possible JJ 12456 197 17 . . . 12456 198 1 The the DT 12456 198 2 first first JJ 12456 198 3 seems seem VBZ 12456 198 4 to to TO 12456 198 5 have have VB 12456 198 6 been be VBN 12456 198 7 the the DT 12456 198 8 most most RBS 12456 198 9 popular popular JJ 12456 198 10 type type NN 12456 198 11 . . . 12456 199 1 The the DT 12456 199 2 poem poem NN 12456 199 3 might may MD 12456 199 4 also also RB 12456 199 5 conclude conclude VB 12456 199 6 with with IN 12456 199 7 a a DT 12456 199 8 half half NN 12456 199 9 stanza stanza NN 12456 199 10 or or CC 12456 199 11 _ _ NNP 12456 199 12 tornada tornada NNP 12456 199 13 _ _ NNP 12456 199 14 , , , 12456 199 15 ( ( -LRB- 12456 199 16 French French NNP 12456 199 17 _ _ NNP 12456 199 18 envoi envoi NN 12456 199 19 _ _ NNP 12456 199 20 ) ) -RRB- 12456 199 21 . . . 12456 200 1 Here here RB 12456 200 2 , , , 12456 200 3 as as IN 12456 200 4 in in IN 12456 200 5 the the DT 12456 200 6 last last JJ 12456 200 7 couplet couplet NN 12456 200 8 of of IN 12456 200 9 the the DT 12456 200 10 Arabic Arabic NNP 12456 200 11 _ _ NNP 12456 200 12 gazul gazul NN 12456 200 13 _ _ NNP 12456 200 14 , , , 12456 200 15 were be VBD 12456 200 16 placed place VBN 12456 200 17 the the DT 12456 200 18 personal personal JJ 12456 200 19 allusions allusion NNS 12456 200 20 , , , 12456 200 21 and and CC 12456 200 22 when when WRB 12456 200 23 these these DT 12456 200 24 were be VBD 12456 200 25 unintelligible unintelligible JJ 12456 200 26 to to IN 12456 200 27 the the DT 12456 200 28 audience audience NN 12456 200 29 the the DT 12456 200 30 _ _ NNP 12456 200 31 joglar joglar NNP 12456 200 32 _ _ NNP 12456 200 33 usually usually RB 12456 200 34 explained explain VBD 12456 200 35 the the DT 12456 200 36 poem poem NN 12456 200 37 before before IN 12456 200 38 singing singe VBG 12456 200 39 it -PRON- PRP 12456 200 40 ; ; : 12456 200 41 the the DT 12456 200 42 explanations explanation NNS 12456 200 43 , , , 12456 200 44 which which WDT 12456 200 45 in in IN 12456 200 46 some some DT 12456 200 47 cases case NNS 12456 200 48 remain remain VBP 12456 200 49 prefixed prefixed JJ 12456 200 50 to to IN 12456 200 51 the the DT 12456 200 52 poem poem NN 12456 200 53 , , , 12456 200 54 were be VBD 12456 200 55 known know VBN 12456 200 56 as as IN 12456 200 57 the the DT 12456 200 58 _ _ NNP 12456 200 59 razos razos NN 12456 200 60 _ _ NNP 12456 200 61 . . . 12456 201 1 Troubadour troubadour PRP$ 12456 201 2 poems poem NNS 12456 201 3 were be VBD 12456 201 4 composed compose VBN 12456 201 5 for for IN 12456 201 6 singing singing NN 12456 201 7 , , , 12456 201 8 not not RB 12456 201 9 for for IN 12456 201 10 recitation recitation NN 12456 201 11 , , , 12456 201 12 and and CC 12456 201 13 the the DT 12456 201 14 music music NN 12456 201 15 of of IN 12456 201 16 a a DT 12456 201 17 poem poem NN 12456 201 18 was be VBD 12456 201 19 an an DT 12456 201 20 element element NN 12456 201 21 of of IN 12456 201 22 no no DT 12456 201 23 less less JJR 12456 201 24 importance importance NN 12456 201 25 than than IN 12456 201 26 the the DT 12456 201 27 words word NNS 12456 201 28 . . . 12456 202 1 Troubadours troubadour NNS 12456 202 2 are be VBP 12456 202 3 described describe VBN 12456 202 4 as as IN 12456 202 5 composing compose VBG 12456 202 6 " " `` 12456 202 7 good good JJ 12456 202 8 " " '' 12456 202 9 tunes tune NNS 12456 202 10 and and CC 12456 202 11 " " `` 12456 202 12 poor poor JJ 12456 202 13 " " '' 12456 202 14 words word NNS 12456 202 15 , , , 12456 202 16 or or CC 12456 202 17 vice vice NN 12456 202 18 versa versa RB 12456 202 19 ; ; : 12456 202 20 the the DT 12456 202 21 tune tune NN 12456 202 22 was be VBD 12456 202 23 a a DT 12456 202 24 piece piece NN 12456 202 25 of of IN 12456 202 26 literary literary JJ 12456 202 27 property property NN 12456 202 28 , , , 12456 202 29 and and CC 12456 202 30 , , , 12456 202 31 as as IN 12456 202 32 we -PRON- PRP 12456 202 33 have have VBP 12456 202 34 said say VBD 12456 202 35 , , , 12456 202 36 if if IN 12456 202 37 a a DT 12456 202 38 troubadour troubadour NN 12456 202 39 borrowed borrow VBN 12456 202 40 a a DT 12456 202 41 tune tune NN 12456 202 42 he -PRON- PRP 12456 202 43 was be VBD 12456 202 44 expected expect VBN 12456 202 45 to to TO 12456 202 46 acknowledge acknowledge VB 12456 202 47 its -PRON- PRP$ 12456 202 48 origin origin NN 12456 202 49 . . . 12456 203 1 Consequently consequently RB 12456 203 2 music music NN 12456 203 3 and and CC 12456 203 4 words word NNS 12456 203 5 were be VBD 12456 203 6 regarded regard VBN 12456 203 7 as as IN 12456 203 8 forming form VBG 12456 203 9 a a DT 12456 203 10 unity unity NN 12456 203 11 , , , 12456 203 12 and and CC 12456 203 13 the the DT 12456 203 14 structure structure NN 12456 203 15 of of IN 12456 203 16 the the DT 12456 203 17 one one NN 12456 203 18 should should MD 12456 203 19 be be VB 12456 203 20 a a DT 12456 203 21 guide guide NN 12456 203 22 to to IN 12456 203 23 the the DT 12456 203 24 structure structure NN 12456 203 25 of of IN 12456 203 26 the the DT 12456 203 27 other other JJ 12456 203 28 . . . 12456 204 1 Troubadour troubadour JJ 12456 204 2 music music NN 12456 204 3 is be VBZ 12456 204 4 a a DT 12456 204 5 subject subject NN 12456 204 6 still still RB 12456 204 7 beset beset VBP 12456 204 8 with with IN 12456 204 9 difficulties[13 difficulties[13 NNP 12456 204 10 ] ] -RRB- 12456 204 11 : : : 12456 204 12 we -PRON- PRP 12456 204 13 possess possess VBP 12456 204 14 244 244 CD 12456 204 15 tunes tune NNS 12456 204 16 written write VBN 12456 204 17 in in IN 12456 204 18 Gregorian gregorian JJ 12456 204 19 notation notation NN 12456 204 20 , , , 12456 204 21 and and CC 12456 204 22 as as IN 12456 204 23 in in IN 12456 204 24 certain certain JJ 12456 204 25 cases case NNS 12456 204 26 the the DT 12456 204 27 same same JJ 12456 204 28 poem poem NN 12456 204 29 appears appear VBZ 12456 204 30 in in IN 12456 204 31 different different JJ 12456 204 32 MSS MSS NNP 12456 204 33 . . . 12456 205 1 with with IN 12456 205 2 the the DT 12456 205 3 tune tune NN 12456 205 4 in in IN 12456 205 5 substantial substantial JJ 12456 205 6 agreement agreement NN 12456 205 7 in in IN 12456 205 8 each each DT 12456 205 9 one one NN 12456 205 10 , , , 12456 205 11 we -PRON- PRP 12456 205 12 may may MD 12456 205 13 reasonably reasonably RB 12456 205 14 assume assume VB 12456 205 15 that that IN 12456 205 16 we -PRON- PRP 12456 205 17 have have VBP 12456 205 18 an an DT 12456 205 19 authentic authentic JJ 12456 205 20 record record NN 12456 205 21 , , , 12456 205 22 as as RB 12456 205 23 far far RB 12456 205 24 as as IN 12456 205 25 this this DT 12456 205 26 could could MD 12456 205 27 be be VB 12456 205 28 expressed express VBN 12456 205 29 in in IN 12456 205 30 Gregorian gregorian JJ 12456 205 31 notation notation NN 12456 205 32 . . . 12456 206 1 The the DT 12456 206 2 chief chief JJ 12456 206 3 difference difference NN 12456 206 4 between between IN 12456 206 5 Troubadour Troubadour NNP 12456 206 6 and and CC 12456 206 7 Gregorian gregorian JJ 12456 206 8 music music NN 12456 206 9 lies lie VBZ 12456 206 10 in in IN 12456 206 11 the the DT 12456 206 12 fact fact NN 12456 206 13 that that IN 12456 206 14 the the DT 12456 206 15 former former JJ 12456 206 16 was be VBD 12456 206 17 syllabic syllabic JJ 12456 206 18 in in IN 12456 206 19 character character NN 12456 206 20 ; ; : 12456 206 21 in in IN 12456 206 22 other other JJ 12456 206 23 [ [ -LRB- 12456 206 24 27 27 CD 12456 206 25 ] ] -RRB- 12456 206 26 words word NNS 12456 206 27 , , , 12456 206 28 one one CD 12456 206 29 note note NN 12456 206 30 was be VBD 12456 206 31 not not RB 12456 206 32 held hold VBN 12456 206 33 over over IN 12456 206 34 several several JJ 12456 206 35 syllables syllable NNS 12456 206 36 , , , 12456 206 37 though though IN 12456 206 38 several several JJ 12456 206 39 notes note NNS 12456 206 40 might may MD 12456 206 41 be be VB 12456 206 42 sung sing VBN 12456 206 43 upon upon IN 12456 206 44 one one CD 12456 206 45 syllable syllable NN 12456 206 46 . . . 12456 207 1 The the DT 12456 207 2 system system NN 12456 207 3 of of IN 12456 207 4 musical musical JJ 12456 207 5 time time NN 12456 207 6 in in IN 12456 207 7 the the DT 12456 207 8 age age NN 12456 207 9 of of IN 12456 207 10 the the DT 12456 207 11 troubadours troubadour NNS 12456 207 12 was be VBD 12456 207 13 based base VBN 12456 207 14 upon upon IN 12456 207 15 the the DT 12456 207 16 so so RB 12456 207 17 - - HYPH 12456 207 18 called call VBN 12456 207 19 " " `` 12456 207 20 modes mode NNS 12456 207 21 , , , 12456 207 22 " " '' 12456 207 23 rhythmical rhythmical JJ 12456 207 24 formulae formulae NNP 12456 207 25 combining combine VBG 12456 207 26 short short JJ 12456 207 27 and and CC 12456 207 28 long long JJ 12456 207 29 notes note NNS 12456 207 30 in in IN 12456 207 31 various various JJ 12456 207 32 sequences sequence NNS 12456 207 33 . . . 12456 208 1 Three three CD 12456 208 2 of of IN 12456 208 3 these these DT 12456 208 4 concern concern NN 12456 208 5 us -PRON- PRP 12456 208 6 here here RB 12456 208 7 . . . 12456 209 1 The the DT 12456 209 2 first first JJ 12456 209 3 mode mode NN 12456 209 4 consists consist VBZ 12456 209 5 of of IN 12456 209 6 a a DT 12456 209 7 long long JJ 12456 209 8 followed follow VBN 12456 209 9 by by IN 12456 209 10 a a DT 12456 209 11 short short JJ 12456 209 12 note note NN 12456 209 13 , , , 12456 209 14 the the DT 12456 209 15 long long JJ 12456 209 16 being be VBG 12456 209 17 equivalent equivalent JJ 12456 209 18 to to IN 12456 209 19 two two CD 12456 209 20 short short JJ 12456 209 21 , , , 12456 209 22 or or CC 12456 209 23 in in IN 12456 209 24 3/4 3/4 CD 12456 209 25 time time NN 12456 209 26 [ [ -LRB- 12456 209 27 Illustration illustration NN 12456 209 28 : : : 12456 209 29 musical musical JJ 12456 209 30 notation notation NN 12456 209 31 . . . 12456 209 32 ] ] -RRB- 12456 209 33 . . . 12456 210 1 The the DT 12456 210 2 second second JJ 12456 210 3 mode mode NN 12456 210 4 is be VBZ 12456 210 5 the the DT 12456 210 6 reverse reverse NN 12456 210 7 of of IN 12456 210 8 the the DT 12456 210 9 first first JJ 12456 210 10 [ [ -LRB- 12456 210 11 Illustration illustration NN 12456 210 12 : : : 12456 210 13 musical musical JJ 12456 210 14 notation notation NN 12456 210 15 . . . 12456 210 16 ] ] -RRB- 12456 210 17 . . . 12456 211 1 The the DT 12456 211 2 third third JJ 12456 211 3 mode mode NN 12456 211 4 in in IN 12456 211 5 modern modern JJ 12456 211 6 6/8 6/8 CD 12456 211 7 time time NN 12456 211 8 appears appear VBZ 12456 211 9 as as IN 12456 211 10 [ [ -LRB- 12456 211 11 Illustration illustration NN 12456 211 12 : : : 12456 211 13 musical musical JJ 12456 211 14 notation notation NN 12456 211 15 . . . 12456 211 16 ] ] -RRB- 12456 211 17 . . . 12456 212 1 The the DT 12456 212 2 principle principle NN 12456 212 3 of of IN 12456 212 4 sub sub NN 12456 212 5 - - NN 12456 212 6 division division NN 12456 212 7 is be VBZ 12456 212 8 thus thus RB 12456 212 9 ternary ternary JJ 12456 212 10 ; ; : 12456 212 11 " " `` 12456 212 12 common common JJ 12456 212 13 " " '' 12456 212 14 time time NN 12456 212 15 or or CC 12456 212 16 2/4 2/4 CD 12456 212 17 time time NN 12456 212 18 is be VBZ 12456 212 19 a a DT 12456 212 20 later later JJ 12456 212 21 modification modification NN 12456 212 22 . . . 12456 213 1 So so RB 12456 213 2 much much RB 12456 213 3 being be VBG 12456 213 4 admitted admit VBN 12456 213 5 , , , 12456 213 6 the the DT 12456 213 7 problem problem NN 12456 213 8 of of IN 12456 213 9 transposing transpose VBG 12456 213 10 a a DT 12456 213 11 tune tune NN 12456 213 12 written write VBN 12456 213 13 in in IN 12456 213 14 Gregorian gregorian JJ 12456 213 15 notation notation NN 12456 213 16 without without IN 12456 213 17 bars bar NNS 12456 213 18 , , , 12456 213 19 time time NN 12456 213 20 signature signature NN 12456 213 21 , , , 12456 213 22 marks mark NNS 12456 213 23 of of IN 12456 213 24 expression expression NN 12456 213 25 or or CC 12456 213 26 other other JJ 12456 213 27 modern modern JJ 12456 213 28 devices device NNS 12456 213 29 is be VBZ 12456 213 30 obviously obviously RB 12456 213 31 a a DT 12456 213 32 difficult difficult JJ 12456 213 33 matter matter NN 12456 213 34 . . . 12456 214 1 J. J. NNP 12456 214 2 Beck Beck NNP 12456 214 3 , , , 12456 214 4 who who WP 12456 214 5 has have VBZ 12456 214 6 written write VBN 12456 214 7 most most RBS 12456 214 8 recently recently RB 12456 214 9 upon upon IN 12456 214 10 the the DT 12456 214 11 subject subject NN 12456 214 12 , , , 12456 214 13 formulates formulate VBZ 12456 214 14 the the DT 12456 214 15 following follow VBG 12456 214 16 rules rule NNS 12456 214 17 ; ; : 12456 214 18 the the DT 12456 214 19 musical musical JJ 12456 214 20 accent accent NN 12456 214 21 falls fall VBZ 12456 214 22 upon upon IN 12456 214 23 the the DT 12456 214 24 tonic tonic NN 12456 214 25 syllables syllable NNS 12456 214 26 of of IN 12456 214 27 the the DT 12456 214 28 words word NNS 12456 214 29 ; ; : 12456 214 30 should should MD 12456 214 31 the the DT 12456 214 32 accent accent JJ 12456 214 33 fall fall VB 12456 214 34 upon upon IN 12456 214 35 an an DT 12456 214 36 atonic atonic JJ 12456 214 37 syllable syllable NN 12456 214 38 , , , 12456 214 39 the the DT 12456 214 40 duration duration NN 12456 214 41 of of IN 12456 214 42 the the DT 12456 214 43 note note NN 12456 214 44 to to TO 12456 214 45 which which WDT 12456 214 46 the the DT 12456 214 47 tonic tonic NN 12456 214 48 syllable syllable NN 12456 214 49 is be VBZ 12456 214 50 sung sing VBN 12456 214 51 may may MD 12456 214 52 be be VB 12456 214 53 increased increase VBN 12456 214 54 , , , 12456 214 55 to to TO 12456 214 56 avoid avoid VB 12456 214 57 the the DT 12456 214 58 apparent apparent JJ 12456 214 59 discordance discordance NN 12456 214 60 between between IN 12456 214 61 the the DT 12456 214 62 musical musical JJ 12456 214 63 accent accent NN 12456 214 64 and and CC 12456 214 65 the the DT 12456 214 66 tonic tonic NN 12456 214 67 syllable syllable NN 12456 214 68 . . . 12456 215 1 The the DT 12456 215 2 musical musical JJ 12456 215 3 accent accent NN 12456 215 4 must must MD 12456 215 5 fall fall VB 12456 215 6 upon upon IN 12456 215 7 the the DT 12456 215 8 rime rime NN 12456 215 9 and and CC 12456 215 10 the the DT 12456 215 11 rhythm rhythm NN 12456 215 12 [ [ -LRB- 12456 215 13 28 28 CD 12456 215 14 ] ] -RRB- 12456 215 15 adopted adopt VBN 12456 215 16 at at IN 12456 215 17 the the DT 12456 215 18 outset outset NN 12456 215 19 will will MD 12456 215 20 persist persist VB 12456 215 21 throughout throughout IN 12456 215 22 the the DT 12456 215 23 poem poem NN 12456 215 24 . . . 12456 216 1 Hence hence RB 12456 216 2 a a DT 12456 216 3 study study NN 12456 216 4 of of IN 12456 216 5 the the DT 12456 216 6 words word NNS 12456 216 7 will will MD 12456 216 8 give give VB 12456 216 9 the the DT 12456 216 10 key key NN 12456 216 11 to to IN 12456 216 12 the the DT 12456 216 13 interpretation interpretation NN 12456 216 14 of of IN 12456 216 15 the the DT 12456 216 16 tune tune NN 12456 216 17 . . . 12456 217 1 If if IN 12456 217 2 , , , 12456 217 3 for for IN 12456 217 4 instance instance NN 12456 217 5 , , , 12456 217 6 the the DT 12456 217 7 poem poem NN 12456 217 8 shows show NNS 12456 217 9 accented accent VBN 12456 217 10 followed follow VBN 12456 217 11 by by IN 12456 217 12 unaccented unaccented JJ 12456 217 13 syllables syllable NNS 12456 217 14 or or CC 12456 217 15 trochees trochee NNS 12456 217 16 as as IN 12456 217 17 the the DT 12456 217 18 prevalent prevalent JJ 12456 217 19 foot foot NN 12456 217 20 , , , 12456 217 21 the the DT 12456 217 22 first first JJ 12456 217 23 " " `` 12456 217 24 mode mode NN 12456 217 25 " " '' 12456 217 26 is be VBZ 12456 217 27 indicated indicate VBN 12456 217 28 as as IN 12456 217 29 providing provide VBG 12456 217 30 the the DT 12456 217 31 principle principle NN 12456 217 32 to to TO 12456 217 33 be be VB 12456 217 34 followed follow VBN 12456 217 35 in in IN 12456 217 36 transposing transpose VBG 12456 217 37 the the DT 12456 217 38 Gregorian Gregorian NNP 12456 217 39 to to TO 12456 217 40 modern modern JJ 12456 217 41 notation notation NN 12456 217 42 . . . 12456 218 1 When when WRB 12456 218 2 these these DT 12456 218 3 conditions condition NNS 12456 218 4 are be VBP 12456 218 5 reversed reverse VBN 12456 218 6 the the DT 12456 218 7 iambic iambic JJ 12456 218 8 foot foot NN 12456 218 9 will will MD 12456 218 10 prevail prevail VB 12456 218 11 and and CC 12456 218 12 the the DT 12456 218 13 melody melody NN 12456 218 14 will will MD 12456 218 15 be be VB 12456 218 16 in in IN 12456 218 17 the the DT 12456 218 18 second second JJ 12456 218 19 mode mode NN 12456 218 20 . . . 12456 219 1 It -PRON- PRP 12456 219 2 is be VBZ 12456 219 3 not not RB 12456 219 4 possible possible JJ 12456 219 5 here here RB 12456 219 6 to to TO 12456 219 7 treat treat VB 12456 219 8 this this DT 12456 219 9 complicated complicated JJ 12456 219 10 question question NN 12456 219 11 in in IN 12456 219 12 full full JJ 12456 219 13 detail detail NN 12456 219 14 for for IN 12456 219 15 which which WDT 12456 219 16 reference reference NN 12456 219 17 must must MD 12456 219 18 be be VB 12456 219 19 made make VBN 12456 219 20 to to IN 12456 219 21 the the DT 12456 219 22 works work NNS 12456 219 23 of of IN 12456 219 24 J. J. NNP 12456 219 25 Beck Beck NNP 12456 219 26 . . . 12456 220 1 But but CC 12456 220 2 it -PRON- PRP 12456 220 3 is be VBZ 12456 220 4 clear clear JJ 12456 220 5 that that IN 12456 220 6 the the DT 12456 220 7 system system NN 12456 220 8 above above IN 12456 220 9 outlined outline VBD 12456 220 10 is be VBZ 12456 220 11 an an DT 12456 220 12 improvement improvement NN 12456 220 13 upon upon IN 12456 220 14 that that DT 12456 220 15 proposed propose VBN 12456 220 16 by by IN 12456 220 17 such such JJ 12456 220 18 earlier early JJR 12456 220 19 students student NNS 12456 220 20 of of IN 12456 220 21 the the DT 12456 220 22 subject subject NN 12456 220 23 as as IN 12456 220 24 Riemann Riemann NNP 12456 220 25 , , , 12456 220 26 who who WP 12456 220 27 assumed assume VBD 12456 220 28 that that IN 12456 220 29 each each DT 12456 220 30 syllable syllable NN 12456 220 31 was be VBD 12456 220 32 sung sing VBN 12456 220 33 to to IN 12456 220 34 a a DT 12456 220 35 note note NN 12456 220 36 or or CC 12456 220 37 group group NN 12456 220 38 of of IN 12456 220 39 notes note NNS 12456 220 40 of of IN 12456 220 41 equal equal JJ 12456 220 42 time time NN 12456 220 43 value value NN 12456 220 44 . . . 12456 221 1 There there EX 12456 221 2 is be VBZ 12456 221 3 no no DT 12456 221 4 evidence evidence NN 12456 221 5 that that IN 12456 221 6 such such PDT 12456 221 7 a a DT 12456 221 8 rhythm rhythm NN 12456 221 9 was be VBD 12456 221 10 ever ever RB 12456 221 11 employed employ VBN 12456 221 12 in in IN 12456 221 13 the the DT 12456 221 14 middle middle JJ 12456 221 15 ages age NNS 12456 221 16 , , , 12456 221 17 and and CC 12456 221 18 the the DT 12456 221 19 fact fact NN 12456 221 20 that that IN 12456 221 21 words word NNS 12456 221 22 and and CC 12456 221 23 music music NN 12456 221 24 were be VBD 12456 221 25 inseparable inseparable JJ 12456 221 26 in in IN 12456 221 27 Provençal Provençal NNP 12456 221 28 lyrics lyric NNS 12456 221 29 shows show VBZ 12456 221 30 that that IN 12456 221 31 to to TO 12456 221 32 infer infer VB 12456 221 33 the the DT 12456 221 34 nature nature NN 12456 221 35 of of IN 12456 221 36 the the DT 12456 221 37 musical musical JJ 12456 221 38 rhythm rhythm NN 12456 221 39 from from IN 12456 221 40 the the DT 12456 221 41 rhythm rhythm NN 12456 221 42 of of IN 12456 221 43 the the DT 12456 221 44 words word NNS 12456 221 45 is be VBZ 12456 221 46 a a DT 12456 221 47 perfectly perfectly RB 12456 221 48 legitimate legitimate JJ 12456 221 49 method method NN 12456 221 50 of of IN 12456 221 51 inquiry inquiry NN 12456 221 52 . . . 12456 222 1 A a DT 12456 222 2 further further JJ 12456 222 3 question question NN 12456 222 4 arises arise VBZ 12456 222 5 : : : 12456 222 6 how how WRB 12456 222 7 far far RB 12456 222 8 do do VBP 12456 222 9 the the DT 12456 222 10 tunes tune NNS 12456 222 11 correspond correspond VB 12456 222 12 with with IN 12456 222 13 the the DT 12456 222 14 structure structure NN 12456 222 15 of of IN 12456 222 16 the the DT 12456 222 17 stanza stanza NNP 12456 222 18 as as IN 12456 222 19 given give VBN 12456 222 20 by by IN 12456 222 21 Dante Dante NNP 12456 222 22 ? ? . 12456 223 1 In in IN 12456 223 2 some some DT 12456 223 3 cases case NNS 12456 223 4 both both DT 12456 223 5 tune tune NN 12456 223 6 and and CC 12456 223 7 stanza stanza NNP 12456 223 8 correspond correspond NN 12456 223 9 in in IN 12456 223 10 symmetrical symmetrical JJ 12456 223 11 form form NN 12456 223 12 ; ; : 12456 223 13 but but CC 12456 223 14 in in IN 12456 223 15 others other NNS 12456 223 16 we -PRON- PRP 12456 223 17 find find VBP 12456 223 18 stanzas stanza NNS 12456 223 19 [ [ -LRB- 12456 223 20 29 29 CD 12456 223 21 ] ] -RRB- 12456 223 22 which which WDT 12456 223 23 may may MD 12456 223 24 be be VB 12456 223 25 divided divide VBN 12456 223 26 according accord VBG 12456 223 27 to to IN 12456 223 28 rule rule NN 12456 223 29 conjoined conjoin VBN 12456 223 30 with with IN 12456 223 31 tunes tune NNS 12456 223 32 which which WDT 12456 223 33 present present VBP 12456 223 34 no no DT 12456 223 35 melodic melodic JJ 12456 223 36 repetition repetition NN 12456 223 37 of of IN 12456 223 38 any any DT 12456 223 39 kind kind NN 12456 223 40 ; ; : 12456 223 41 similarly similarly RB 12456 223 42 , , , 12456 223 43 tunes tune NNS 12456 223 44 which which WDT 12456 223 45 may may MD 12456 223 46 be be VB 12456 223 47 divided divide VBN 12456 223 48 into into IN 12456 223 49 pedes pes NNS 12456 223 50 and and CC 12456 223 51 coda coda NNS 12456 223 52 are be VBP 12456 223 53 written write VBN 12456 223 54 upon upon IN 12456 223 55 stanzas stanza NNS 12456 223 56 which which WDT 12456 223 57 have have VBP 12456 223 58 no no DT 12456 223 59 relation relation NN 12456 223 60 to to IN 12456 223 61 that that DT 12456 223 62 form form NN 12456 223 63 . . . 12456 224 1 On on IN 12456 224 2 the the DT 12456 224 3 whole whole NN 12456 224 4 , , , 12456 224 5 it -PRON- PRP 12456 224 6 seems seem VBZ 12456 224 7 that that IN 12456 224 8 the the DT 12456 224 9 number number NN 12456 224 10 of of IN 12456 224 11 tunes tune NNS 12456 224 12 known know VBN 12456 224 13 to to IN 12456 224 14 us -PRON- PRP 12456 224 15 are be VBP 12456 224 16 too too RB 12456 224 17 few few JJ 12456 224 18 , , , 12456 224 19 in in IN 12456 224 20 comparison comparison NN 12456 224 21 with with IN 12456 224 22 the the DT 12456 224 23 large large JJ 12456 224 24 body body NN 12456 224 25 of of IN 12456 224 26 lyric lyric NN 12456 224 27 poetry poetry NN 12456 224 28 existing exist VBG 12456 224 29 , , , 12456 224 30 to to TO 12456 224 31 permit permit VB 12456 224 32 any any DT 12456 224 33 generalisation generalisation NN 12456 224 34 upon upon IN 12456 224 35 the the DT 12456 224 36 question question NN 12456 224 37 . . . 12456 225 1 The the DT 12456 225 2 singer singer NN 12456 225 3 accompanied accompany VBD 12456 225 4 himself -PRON- PRP 12456 225 5 upon upon IN 12456 225 6 a a DT 12456 225 7 stringed string VBN 12456 225 8 instrument instrument NN 12456 225 9 ( ( -LRB- 12456 225 10 _ _ NNP 12456 225 11 viula viula NNP 12456 225 12 _ _ NNP 12456 225 13 ) ) -RRB- 12456 225 14 or or CC 12456 225 15 was be VBD 12456 225 16 accompanied accompany VBN 12456 225 17 by by IN 12456 225 18 other other JJ 12456 225 19 performers performer NNS 12456 225 20 ; ; : 12456 225 21 various various JJ 12456 225 22 forms form NNS 12456 225 23 of of IN 12456 225 24 wind wind NN 12456 225 25 instruments instrument NNS 12456 225 26 were be VBD 12456 225 27 also also RB 12456 225 28 in in IN 12456 225 29 use use NN 12456 225 30 . . . 12456 226 1 Apparently apparently RB 12456 226 2 the the DT 12456 226 3 accompaniment accompaniment NN 12456 226 4 was be VBD 12456 226 5 in in IN 12456 226 6 unison unison NNP 12456 226 7 with with IN 12456 226 8 the the DT 12456 226 9 singer singer NN 12456 226 10 ; ; : 12456 226 11 part part NN 12456 226 12 writing writing NN 12456 226 13 or or CC 12456 226 14 contrapuntal contrapuntal JJ 12456 226 15 music music NN 12456 226 16 was be VBD 12456 226 17 unknown unknown JJ 12456 226 18 at at IN 12456 226 19 the the DT 12456 226 20 troubadour troubadour JJ 12456 226 21 period period NN 12456 226 22 . . . 12456 227 1 As as IN 12456 227 2 has have VBZ 12456 227 3 been be VBN 12456 227 4 said say VBN 12456 227 5 , , , 12456 227 6 the the DT 12456 227 7 stanza stanza NNP 12456 227 8 ( ( -LRB- 12456 227 9 _ _ NNP 12456 227 10 cobla cobla NN 12456 227 11 _ _ NNP 12456 227 12 ) ) -RRB- 12456 227 13 might may MD 12456 227 14 vary vary VB 12456 227 15 in in IN 12456 227 16 length length NN 12456 227 17 . . . 12456 228 1 No no DT 12456 228 2 poetical poetical JJ 12456 228 3 literature literature NN 12456 228 4 has have VBZ 12456 228 5 made make VBN 12456 228 6 more more JJR 12456 228 7 use use NN 12456 228 8 of of IN 12456 228 9 rime rime NN 12456 228 10 than than IN 12456 228 11 Provençal Provençal NNP 12456 228 12 lyric lyric NN 12456 228 13 poetry poetry NN 12456 228 14 . . . 12456 229 1 There there EX 12456 229 2 were be VBD 12456 229 3 three three CD 12456 229 4 typical typical JJ 12456 229 5 methods method NNS 12456 229 6 of of IN 12456 229 7 rime rime NN 12456 229 8 disposition disposition NN 12456 229 9 : : : 12456 229 10 firstly firstly RB 12456 229 11 , , , 12456 229 12 the the DT 12456 229 13 rimes rime NNS 12456 229 14 might may MD 12456 229 15 all all DT 12456 229 16 find find VB 12456 229 17 their -PRON- PRP$ 12456 229 18 answer answer NN 12456 229 19 within within IN 12456 229 20 the the DT 12456 229 21 stanza stanza NNP 12456 229 22 , , , 12456 229 23 which which WDT 12456 229 24 was be VBD 12456 229 25 thus thus RB 12456 229 26 a a DT 12456 229 27 self self NN 12456 229 28 - - HYPH 12456 229 29 contained contain VBN 12456 229 30 whole whole NN 12456 229 31 ; ; : 12456 229 32 secondly secondly RB 12456 229 33 , , , 12456 229 34 the the DT 12456 229 35 rimes rime NNS 12456 229 36 might may MD 12456 229 37 find find VB 12456 229 38 their -PRON- PRP$ 12456 229 39 answer answer NN 12456 229 40 within within IN 12456 229 41 the the DT 12456 229 42 stanza stanza NNP 12456 229 43 and and CC 12456 229 44 be be VB 12456 229 45 again again RB 12456 229 46 repeated repeat VBN 12456 229 47 in in IN 12456 229 48 the the DT 12456 229 49 same same JJ 12456 229 50 order order NN 12456 229 51 in in IN 12456 229 52 all all DT 12456 229 53 following follow VBG 12456 229 54 stanzas stanza NNS 12456 229 55 ; ; , 12456 229 56 and and CC 12456 229 57 thirdly thirdly RB 12456 229 58 , , , 12456 229 59 the the DT 12456 229 60 rimes rime NNS 12456 229 61 might may MD 12456 229 62 find find VB 12456 229 63 no no DT 12456 229 64 answer answer NN 12456 229 65 within within IN 12456 229 66 the the DT 12456 229 67 stanza stanza NN 12456 229 68 , , , 12456 229 69 but but CC 12456 229 70 be be VB 12456 229 71 repeated repeat VBN 12456 229 72 in in IN 12456 229 73 following follow VBG 12456 229 74 stanzas stanza NNS 12456 229 75 . . . 12456 230 1 In in IN 12456 230 2 this this DT 12456 230 3 case case NN 12456 230 4 the the DT 12456 230 5 rimes rime NNS 12456 230 6 were be VBD 12456 230 7 known know VBN 12456 230 8 as as IN 12456 230 9 _ _ NNP 12456 230 10 dissolutas dissoluta NNS 12456 230 11 _ _ NNP 12456 230 12 , , , 12456 230 13 and and CC 12456 230 14 the the DT 12456 230 15 stanza stanza NNP 12456 230 16 as as IN 12456 230 17 a a DT 12456 230 18 _ _ NNP 12456 230 19 cobla cobla NN 12456 230 20 estrampa estrampa NN 12456 230 21 _ _ NNP 12456 230 22 . . . 12456 231 1 This this DT 12456 231 2 last last JJ 12456 231 3 arrangement arrangement NN 12456 231 4 tended tend VBD 12456 231 5 to to TO 12456 231 6 make make VB 12456 231 7 the the DT 12456 231 8 poem poem NN 12456 231 9 a a DT 12456 231 10 more more RBR 12456 231 11 organic organic JJ 12456 231 12 whole whole NN 12456 231 13 than than IN 12456 231 14 was be VBD 12456 231 15 possible possible JJ 12456 231 16 in in IN 12456 231 17 the the DT 12456 231 18 first first JJ 12456 231 19 two two CD 12456 231 20 cases case NNS 12456 231 21 ; ; : 12456 231 22 in in IN 12456 231 23 these these DT 12456 231 24 , , , 12456 231 25 stanzas stanza NNS 12456 231 26 might may MD 12456 231 27 be be VB 12456 231 28 omitted omit VBN 12456 231 29 without without IN 12456 231 30 necessarily necessarily RB 12456 231 31 impairing impair VBG 12456 231 32 the the DT 12456 231 33 general general JJ 12456 231 34 effect effect NN 12456 231 35 , , , 12456 231 36 but but CC 12456 231 37 , , , 12456 231 38 when when WRB 12456 231 39 _ _ NNP 12456 231 40 coblas coblas NNP 12456 231 41 estrampas estrampa NNS 12456 231 42 _ _ NNP 12456 231 43 were be VBD 12456 231 44 employed employ VBN 12456 231 45 , , , 12456 231 46 the the DT 12456 231 47 ear ear NN 12456 231 48 of of IN 12456 231 49 the the DT 12456 231 50 auditor auditor NN 12456 231 51 , , , 12456 231 52 attentive attentive JJ 12456 231 53 for for IN 12456 231 54 the the DT 12456 231 55 [ [ -LRB- 12456 231 56 30 30 CD 12456 231 57 ] ] -RRB- 12456 231 58 answering answer VBG 12456 231 59 rimes rime NNS 12456 231 60 , , , 12456 231 61 would would MD 12456 231 62 not not RB 12456 231 63 be be VB 12456 231 64 satisfied satisfied JJ 12456 231 65 before before IN 12456 231 66 the the DT 12456 231 67 conclusion conclusion NN 12456 231 68 of of IN 12456 231 69 the the DT 12456 231 70 second second JJ 12456 231 71 stanza stanza NNP 12456 231 72 . . . 12456 232 1 A a DT 12456 232 2 further further JJ 12456 232 3 step step NN 12456 232 4 towards towards IN 12456 232 5 the the DT 12456 232 6 provision provision NN 12456 232 7 of of IN 12456 232 8 closer close JJR 12456 232 9 unity unity NN 12456 232 10 between between IN 12456 232 11 the the DT 12456 232 12 separate separate JJ 12456 232 13 stanzas stanza NNS 12456 232 14 was be VBD 12456 232 15 the the DT 12456 232 16 _ _ NNP 12456 232 17 chanso chanso NN 12456 232 18 redonda redonda NNP 12456 232 19 _ _ NNP 12456 232 20 , , , 12456 232 21 which which WDT 12456 232 22 was be VBD 12456 232 23 composed compose VBN 12456 232 24 of of IN 12456 232 25 _ _ NNP 12456 232 26 coblas coblas NNP 12456 232 27 estrampas estrampa NNS 12456 232 28 _ _ NNP 12456 232 29 , , , 12456 232 30 the the DT 12456 232 31 rime rime NN 12456 232 32 order order NN 12456 232 33 of of IN 12456 232 34 the the DT 12456 232 35 second second JJ 12456 232 36 stanza stanza NNP 12456 232 37 being be VBG 12456 232 38 an an DT 12456 232 39 inversion inversion NN 12456 232 40 of of IN 12456 232 41 the the DT 12456 232 42 rime rime NN 12456 232 43 order order NN 12456 232 44 of of IN 12456 232 45 the the DT 12456 232 46 first first JJ 12456 232 47 ; ; : 12456 232 48 the the DT 12456 232 49 tendency tendency NN 12456 232 50 reaches reach VBZ 12456 232 51 its -PRON- PRP$ 12456 232 52 highest high JJS 12456 232 53 point point NN 12456 232 54 in in IN 12456 232 55 the the DT 12456 232 56 _ _ NNP 12456 232 57 sestina sestina NNP 12456 232 58 _ _ NNP 12456 232 59 , , , 12456 232 60 which which WDT 12456 232 61 retained retain VBD 12456 232 62 the the DT 12456 232 63 characteristic characteristic NN 12456 232 64 of of IN 12456 232 65 the the DT 12456 232 66 _ _ NNP 12456 232 67 chanso chanso NN 12456 232 68 redonda redonda NNP 12456 232 69 _ _ NNP 12456 232 70 , , , 12456 232 71 namely namely RB 12456 232 72 , , , 12456 232 73 that that IN 12456 232 74 the the DT 12456 232 75 last last JJ 12456 232 76 rime rime NN 12456 232 77 of of IN 12456 232 78 one one CD 12456 232 79 stanza stanza NNP 12456 232 80 should should MD 12456 232 81 correspond correspond VB 12456 232 82 with with IN 12456 232 83 the the DT 12456 232 84 first first JJ 12456 232 85 rime rime NN 12456 232 86 of of IN 12456 232 87 the the DT 12456 232 88 following follow VBG 12456 232 89 stanza stanza NNP 12456 232 90 , , , 12456 232 91 but but CC 12456 232 92 with with IN 12456 232 93 the the DT 12456 232 94 additional additional JJ 12456 232 95 improvement improvement NN 12456 232 96 that that IN 12456 232 97 every every DT 12456 232 98 rime rime NN 12456 232 99 started start VBD 12456 232 100 a a DT 12456 232 101 stanza stanza NN 12456 232 102 in in IN 12456 232 103 turn turn NN 12456 232 104 , , , 12456 232 105 whereas whereas IN 12456 232 106 , , , 12456 232 107 in in IN 12456 232 108 the the DT 12456 232 109 _ _ NNP 12456 232 110 chanso chanso NN 12456 232 111 redonda redonda NNP 12456 232 112 _ _ NNP 12456 232 113 the the DT 12456 232 114 same same JJ 12456 232 115 rime rime NN 12456 232 116 continually continually RB 12456 232 117 recurred recur VBN 12456 232 118 at at IN 12456 232 119 the the DT 12456 232 120 beginning beginning NN 12456 232 121 of of IN 12456 232 122 every every DT 12456 232 123 other other JJ 12456 232 124 stanza stanza NN 12456 232 125 . . . 12456 233 1 Reference reference NN 12456 233 2 has have VBZ 12456 233 3 already already RB 12456 233 4 been be VBN 12456 233 5 made make VBN 12456 233 6 to to IN 12456 233 7 the the DT 12456 233 8 _ _ NNP 12456 233 9 chanso chanso NN 12456 233 10 _ _ NNP 12456 233 11 . . . 12456 234 1 A a DT 12456 234 2 poetical poetical JJ 12456 234 3 form form NN 12456 234 4 of of IN 12456 234 5 much much JJ 12456 234 6 importance importance NN 12456 234 7 was be VBD 12456 234 8 the the DT 12456 234 9 _ _ NNP 12456 234 10 sirventes sirventes NNPS 12456 234 11 _ _ NNP 12456 234 12 , , , 12456 234 13 which which WDT 12456 234 14 outwardly outwardly RB 12456 234 15 was be VBD 12456 234 16 indistinguishable indistinguishable JJ 12456 234 17 from from IN 12456 234 18 the the DT 12456 234 19 _ _ NNP 12456 234 20 chanso chanso NN 12456 234 21 _ _ NNP 12456 234 22 . . . 12456 235 1 The the DT 12456 235 2 meaning meaning NN 12456 235 3 of of IN 12456 235 4 the the DT 12456 235 5 term term NN 12456 235 6 is be VBZ 12456 235 7 unknown unknown JJ 12456 235 8 ; ; : 12456 235 9 some some DT 12456 235 10 say say VBP 12456 235 11 that that IN 12456 235 12 it -PRON- PRP 12456 235 13 originally originally RB 12456 235 14 implied imply VBD 12456 235 15 a a DT 12456 235 16 poem poem NN 12456 235 17 composed compose VBN 12456 235 18 by by IN 12456 235 19 " " `` 12456 235 20 servants servant NNS 12456 235 21 , , , 12456 235 22 " " '' 12456 235 23 poets poet NNS 12456 235 24 in in IN 12456 235 25 the the DT 12456 235 26 service service NN 12456 235 27 of of IN 12456 235 28 an an DT 12456 235 29 overlord overlord NN 12456 235 30 ; ; : 12456 235 31 others other NNS 12456 235 32 , , , 12456 235 33 that that IN 12456 235 34 it -PRON- PRP 12456 235 35 was be VBD 12456 235 36 a a DT 12456 235 37 poem poem NN 12456 235 38 composed compose VBN 12456 235 39 to to IN 12456 235 40 the the DT 12456 235 41 tune tune NN 12456 235 42 of of IN 12456 235 43 a a DT 12456 235 44 [ [ -LRB- 12456 235 45 31 31 CD 12456 235 46 ] ] -RRB- 12456 235 47 _ _ NNP 12456 235 48 chanso chanso NN 12456 235 49 _ _ NNP 12456 235 50 which which WDT 12456 235 51 it -PRON- PRP 12456 235 52 thus thus RB 12456 235 53 imitated imitate VBD 12456 235 54 in in IN 12456 235 55 a a DT 12456 235 56 " " `` 12456 235 57 servile servile JJ 12456 235 58 " " '' 12456 235 59 manner manner NN 12456 235 60 . . . 12456 236 1 From from IN 12456 236 2 the the DT 12456 236 3 _ _ NNP 12456 236 4 chanso chanso NN 12456 236 5 _ _ NNP 12456 236 6 the the DT 12456 236 7 _ _ NNP 12456 236 8 sirventes sirvente NNS 12456 236 9 _ _ NNP 12456 236 10 is be VBZ 12456 236 11 distinguished distinguish VBN 12456 236 12 by by IN 12456 236 13 its -PRON- PRP$ 12456 236 14 subject subject JJ 12456 236 15 matter matter NN 12456 236 16 ; ; : 12456 236 17 it -PRON- PRP 12456 236 18 was be VBD 12456 236 19 the the DT 12456 236 20 vehicle vehicle NN 12456 236 21 for for IN 12456 236 22 satire satire NN 12456 236 23 , , , 12456 236 24 moral moral JJ 12456 236 25 reproof reproof JJ 12456 236 26 or or CC 12456 236 27 political political JJ 12456 236 28 lampooning lampooning NN 12456 236 29 . . . 12456 237 1 The the DT 12456 237 2 troubadours troubadour NNS 12456 237 3 were be VBD 12456 237 4 often often RB 12456 237 5 keenly keenly RB 12456 237 6 interested interested JJ 12456 237 7 in in IN 12456 237 8 the the DT 12456 237 9 political political JJ 12456 237 10 events event NNS 12456 237 11 of of IN 12456 237 12 their -PRON- PRP$ 12456 237 13 time time NN 12456 237 14 ; ; : 12456 237 15 they -PRON- PRP 12456 237 16 filled fill VBD 12456 237 17 , , , 12456 237 18 to to IN 12456 237 19 some some DT 12456 237 20 extent extent NN 12456 237 21 , , , 12456 237 22 the the DT 12456 237 23 place place NN 12456 237 24 of of IN 12456 237 25 the the DT 12456 237 26 modern modern JJ 12456 237 27 journalist journalist NN 12456 237 28 and and CC 12456 237 29 were be VBD 12456 237 30 naturally naturally RB 12456 237 31 the the DT 12456 237 32 partisans partisan NNS 12456 237 33 of of IN 12456 237 34 the the DT 12456 237 35 overlord overlord NN 12456 237 36 in in IN 12456 237 37 whose whose WP$ 12456 237 38 service service NN 12456 237 39 or or CC 12456 237 40 pay pay VBP 12456 237 41 they -PRON- PRP 12456 237 42 happened happen VBD 12456 237 43 to to TO 12456 237 44 be be VB 12456 237 45 . . . 12456 238 1 They -PRON- PRP 12456 238 2 were be VBD 12456 238 3 ready ready JJ 12456 238 4 to to TO 12456 238 5 foment foment VB 12456 238 6 a a DT 12456 238 7 war war NN 12456 238 8 , , , 12456 238 9 to to TO 12456 238 10 lampoon lampoon VB 12456 238 11 a a DT 12456 238 12 stingy stingy JJ 12456 238 13 patron patron NN 12456 238 14 , , , 12456 238 15 to to TO 12456 238 16 ridicule ridicule VB 12456 238 17 one one CD 12456 238 18 another another DT 12456 238 19 , , , 12456 238 20 to to TO 12456 238 21 abuse abuse VB 12456 238 22 the the DT 12456 238 23 morality morality NN 12456 238 24 of of IN 12456 238 25 the the DT 12456 238 26 age age NN 12456 238 27 as as IN 12456 238 28 circumstances circumstance NNS 12456 238 29 might may MD 12456 238 30 dictate dictate VB 12456 238 31 . . . 12456 239 1 The the DT 12456 239 2 crusade crusade NN 12456 239 3 _ _ NNP 12456 239 4 sirventes_[14 sirventes_[14 VBN 12456 239 5 ] ] -RRB- 12456 239 6 are be VBP 12456 239 7 important important JJ 12456 239 8 in in IN 12456 239 9 this this DT 12456 239 10 connection connection NN 12456 239 11 , , , 12456 239 12 and and CC 12456 239 13 there there EX 12456 239 14 were be VBD 12456 239 15 often often RB 12456 239 16 eloquent eloquent JJ 12456 239 17 exhortations exhortation NNS 12456 239 18 to to IN 12456 239 19 the the DT 12456 239 20 leaders leader NNS 12456 239 21 of of IN 12456 239 22 Christianity Christianity NNP 12456 239 23 to to TO 12456 239 24 come come VB 12456 239 25 to to IN 12456 239 26 the the DT 12456 239 27 rescue rescue NN 12456 239 28 of of IN 12456 239 29 Palestine Palestine NNP 12456 239 30 and and CC 12456 239 31 the the DT 12456 239 32 Holy Holy NNP 12456 239 33 Sepulchre Sepulchre NNP 12456 239 34 . . . 12456 240 1 Under under IN 12456 240 2 this this DT 12456 240 3 heading heading NN 12456 240 4 also also RB 12456 240 5 falls fall VBZ 12456 240 6 the the DT 12456 240 7 _ _ NNP 12456 240 8 planh planh NNP 12456 240 9 _ _ NNP 12456 240 10 , , , 12456 240 11 a a DT 12456 240 12 funeral funeral NN 12456 240 13 song song NN 12456 240 14 lamenting lament VBG 12456 240 15 the the DT 12456 240 16 death death NN 12456 240 17 of of IN 12456 240 18 a a DT 12456 240 19 patron patron NN 12456 240 20 , , , 12456 240 21 and and CC 12456 240 22 here here RB 12456 240 23 again again RB 12456 240 24 , , , 12456 240 25 beneath beneath IN 12456 240 26 the the DT 12456 240 27 mask mask NN 12456 240 28 of of IN 12456 240 29 conventionality conventionality NN 12456 240 30 , , , 12456 240 31 real real JJ 12456 240 32 emotion emotion NN 12456 240 33 is be VBZ 12456 240 34 often often RB 12456 240 35 apparent apparent JJ 12456 240 36 , , , 12456 240 37 as as IN 12456 240 38 in in IN 12456 240 39 the the DT 12456 240 40 famous famous JJ 12456 240 41 lament lament NN 12456 240 42 upon upon IN 12456 240 43 Richard Richard NNP 12456 240 44 Coeur Coeur NNP 12456 240 45 de de NNP 12456 240 46 Lion Lion NNP 12456 240 47 composed compose VBN 12456 240 48 by by IN 12456 240 49 Gaucelm Gaucelm NNP 12456 240 50 Faidit Faidit NNP 12456 240 51 . . . 12456 241 1 Reference reference NN 12456 241 2 has have VBZ 12456 241 3 been be VBN 12456 241 4 already already RB 12456 241 5 made make VBN 12456 241 6 to to IN 12456 241 7 the the DT 12456 241 8 _ _ NNP 12456 241 9 tenso tenso NN 12456 241 10 _ _ NNP 12456 241 11 , , , 12456 241 12 one one CD 12456 241 13 of of IN 12456 241 14 the the DT 12456 241 15 most most RBS 12456 241 16 characteristic characteristic JJ 12456 241 17 of of IN 12456 241 18 Provençal Provençal NNP 12456 241 19 lyric lyric NN 12456 241 20 forms form NNS 12456 241 21 . . . 12456 242 1 The the DT 12456 242 2 name name NN 12456 242 3 ( ( -LRB- 12456 242 4 Lat Lat NNP 12456 242 5 . . . 12456 243 1 _ _ NNP 12456 243 2 tentionem tentionem NNP 12456 243 3 _ _ NNP 12456 243 4 ) ) -RRB- 12456 243 5 implies imply VBZ 12456 243 6 a a DT 12456 243 7 contention contention NN 12456 243 8 or or CC 12456 243 9 strife strife NN 12456 243 10 , , , 12456 243 11 which which WDT 12456 243 12 was be VBD 12456 243 13 conducted conduct VBN 12456 243 14 in in IN 12456 243 15 the the DT 12456 243 16 form form NN 12456 243 17 of of IN 12456 243 18 a a DT 12456 243 19 dialogue dialogue NN 12456 243 20 and and CC 12456 243 21 possibly possibly RB 12456 243 22 owed owe VBD 12456 243 23 its -PRON- PRP$ 12456 243 24 origin origin NN 12456 243 25 to to IN 12456 243 26 the the DT 12456 243 27 custom custom NN 12456 243 28 in in IN 12456 243 29 early early JJ 12456 243 30 vogue vogue NN 12456 243 31 among among IN 12456 243 32 many many JJ 12456 243 33 different different JJ 12456 243 34 peoples people NNS 12456 243 35 of of IN 12456 243 36 holding hold VBG 12456 243 37 poetical poetical JJ 12456 243 38 tournaments tournament NNS 12456 243 39 , , , 12456 243 40 in in IN 12456 243 41 which which WDT 12456 243 42 one one CD 12456 243 43 [ [ -LRB- 12456 243 44 32 32 CD 12456 243 45 ] ] -RRB- 12456 243 46 poet poet NN 12456 243 47 challenged challenge VBD 12456 243 48 another another DT 12456 243 49 by by IN 12456 243 50 uttering utter VBG 12456 243 51 a a DT 12456 243 52 poetical poetical JJ 12456 243 53 phrase phrase NN 12456 243 54 to to TO 12456 243 55 which which WDT 12456 243 56 the the DT 12456 243 57 opponent opponent NN 12456 243 58 replied reply VBD 12456 243 59 in in IN 12456 243 60 similar similar JJ 12456 243 61 metrical metrical JJ 12456 243 62 form form NN 12456 243 63 . . . 12456 244 1 Such such JJ 12456 244 2 , , , 12456 244 3 at at IN 12456 244 4 any any DT 12456 244 5 rate rate NN 12456 244 6 , , , 12456 244 7 is be VBZ 12456 244 8 the the DT 12456 244 9 form form NN 12456 244 10 of of IN 12456 244 11 the the DT 12456 244 12 _ _ NNP 12456 244 13 tenso tenso NNP 12456 244 14 _ _ NNP 12456 244 15 ; ; : 12456 244 16 a a DT 12456 244 17 poet poet NN 12456 244 18 propounds propound VBZ 12456 244 19 a a DT 12456 244 20 theme theme NN 12456 244 21 in in IN 12456 244 22 the the DT 12456 244 23 first first JJ 12456 244 24 stanza stanza NNP 12456 244 25 and and CC 12456 244 26 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 244 27 interlocutor interlocutor NN 12456 244 28 replies reply VBZ 12456 244 29 in in IN 12456 244 30 a a DT 12456 244 31 stanza stanza NN 12456 244 32 of of IN 12456 244 33 identical identical JJ 12456 244 34 metrical metrical JJ 12456 244 35 form form NN 12456 244 36 ; ; : 12456 244 37 the the DT 12456 244 38 dispute dispute NN 12456 244 39 usually usually RB 12456 244 40 continues continue VBZ 12456 244 41 for for IN 12456 244 42 some some DT 12456 244 43 half half JJ 12456 244 44 dozen dozen NN 12456 244 45 stanzas stanza NNS 12456 244 46 . . . 12456 245 1 One one CD 12456 245 2 class class NN 12456 245 3 of of IN 12456 245 4 tenso tenso NNP 12456 245 5 was be VBD 12456 245 6 obviously obviously RB 12456 245 7 fictitious fictitious JJ 12456 245 8 , , , 12456 245 9 as as IN 12456 245 10 the the DT 12456 245 11 dialogue dialogue NN 12456 245 12 is be VBZ 12456 245 13 carried carry VBN 12456 245 14 on on RP 12456 245 15 with with IN 12456 245 16 animals animal NNS 12456 245 17 or or CC 12456 245 18 even even RB 12456 245 19 lifeless lifeless JJ 12456 245 20 objects object NNS 12456 245 21 , , , 12456 245 22 such such JJ 12456 245 23 as as IN 12456 245 24 a a DT 12456 245 25 lady lady NN 12456 245 26 's 's POS 12456 245 27 cloak cloak NN 12456 245 28 , , , 12456 245 29 and and CC 12456 245 30 it -PRON- PRP 12456 245 31 is be VBZ 12456 245 32 possible possible JJ 12456 245 33 that that IN 12456 245 34 some some DT 12456 245 35 at at IN 12456 245 36 least least JJS 12456 245 37 of of IN 12456 245 38 the the DT 12456 245 39 discussions discussion NNS 12456 245 40 ostensibly ostensibly RB 12456 245 41 conducted conduct VBN 12456 245 42 between between IN 12456 245 43 two two CD 12456 245 44 poets poet NNS 12456 245 45 may may MD 12456 245 46 have have VB 12456 245 47 emanated emanate VBN 12456 245 48 from from IN 12456 245 49 the the DT 12456 245 50 brain brain NN 12456 245 51 of of IN 12456 245 52 one one CD 12456 245 53 sole sole JJ 12456 245 54 author author NN 12456 245 55 . . . 12456 246 1 Sometimes sometimes RB 12456 246 2 three three CD 12456 246 3 or or CC 12456 246 4 four four CD 12456 246 5 interlocutors interlocutor NNS 12456 246 6 take take VBP 12456 246 7 part part NN 12456 246 8 ; ; : 12456 246 9 the the DT 12456 246 10 subject subject NN 12456 246 11 of of IN 12456 246 12 discussion discussion NN 12456 246 13 was be VBD 12456 246 14 then then RB 12456 246 15 known know VBN 12456 246 16 as as IN 12456 246 17 a a DT 12456 246 18 _ _ NNP 12456 246 19 joc joc NNP 12456 246 20 partit partit NNP 12456 246 21 _ _ NNP 12456 246 22 , , , 12456 246 23 a a DT 12456 246 24 divided divide VBN 12456 246 25 game game NN 12456 246 26 , , , 12456 246 27 or or CC 12456 246 28 _ _ NNP 12456 246 29 partimen partimen NNP 12456 246 30 _ _ NNP 12456 246 31 , , , 12456 246 32 a a DT 12456 246 33 title title NN 12456 246 34 eventually eventually RB 12456 246 35 transferred transfer VBN 12456 246 36 to to IN 12456 246 37 the the DT 12456 246 38 poem poem NN 12456 246 39 itself -PRON- PRP 12456 246 40 . . . 12456 247 1 The the DT 12456 247 2 most most RBS 12456 247 3 varied varied JJ 12456 247 4 questions question NNS 12456 247 5 were be VBD 12456 247 6 discussed discuss VBN 12456 247 7 in in IN 12456 247 8 the the DT 12456 247 9 _ _ NNP 12456 247 10 tenso tenso NN 12456 247 11 _ _ NNP 12456 247 12 , , , 12456 247 13 but but CC 12456 247 14 casuistical casuistical JJ 12456 247 15 problems problem NNS 12456 247 16 concerning concern VBG 12456 247 17 love love NN 12456 247 18 are be VBP 12456 247 19 the the DT 12456 247 20 most most RBS 12456 247 21 frequent frequent JJ 12456 247 22 : : : 12456 247 23 Is be VBZ 12456 247 24 the the DT 12456 247 25 death death NN 12456 247 26 or or CC 12456 247 27 the the DT 12456 247 28 treachery treachery NN 12456 247 29 of of IN 12456 247 30 a a DT 12456 247 31 loved love VBN 12456 247 32 one one CD 12456 247 33 easier easy JJR 12456 247 34 to to TO 12456 247 35 bear bear VB 12456 247 36 ? ? . 12456 248 1 Is be VBZ 12456 248 2 a a DT 12456 248 3 lover lover NN 12456 248 4 's 's POS 12456 248 5 feeling feeling NN 12456 248 6 for for IN 12456 248 7 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 248 8 lady lady NN 12456 248 9 stronger strong JJR 12456 248 10 before before IN 12456 248 11 she -PRON- PRP 12456 248 12 has have VBZ 12456 248 13 accepted accept VBN 12456 248 14 him -PRON- PRP 12456 248 15 or or CC 12456 248 16 afterwards afterwards RB 12456 248 17 ? ? . 12456 249 1 Is be VBZ 12456 249 2 a a DT 12456 249 3 bad bad JJ 12456 249 4 noble noble JJ 12456 249 5 or or CC 12456 249 6 a a DT 12456 249 7 poor poor JJ 12456 249 8 but but CC 12456 249 9 upright upright JJ 12456 249 10 man man NN 12456 249 11 more more RBR 12456 249 12 worthy worthy JJ 12456 249 13 to to TO 12456 249 14 find find VB 12456 249 15 favour favour NN 12456 249 16 ? ? . 12456 250 1 The the DT 12456 250 2 discussion discussion NN 12456 250 3 of of IN 12456 250 4 such such JJ 12456 250 5 questions question NNS 12456 250 6 provided provide VBD 12456 250 7 an an DT 12456 250 8 opportunity opportunity NN 12456 250 9 of of IN 12456 250 10 displaying display VBG 12456 250 11 both both CC 12456 250 12 poetical poetical JJ 12456 250 13 dexterity dexterity NN 12456 250 14 and and CC 12456 250 15 also also RB 12456 250 16 dialectical dialectical JJ 12456 250 17 acumen acuman NNS 12456 250 18 . . . 12456 251 1 But but CC 12456 251 2 rarely rarely RB 12456 251 3 did do VBD 12456 251 4 either either DT 12456 251 5 of of IN 12456 251 6 the the DT 12456 251 7 disputants disputant NNS 12456 251 8 declare declare VBP 12456 251 9 himself -PRON- PRP 12456 251 10 convinced convince VBD 12456 251 11 or or CC 12456 251 12 vanquished vanquish VBN 12456 251 13 by by IN 12456 251 14 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 251 15 opponents opponent NNS 12456 251 16 ' ' POS 12456 251 17 arguments argument NNS 12456 251 18 the the DT 12456 251 19 question question NN 12456 251 20 [ [ -LRB- 12456 251 21 33 33 CD 12456 251 22 ] ] -RRB- 12456 251 23 was be VBD 12456 251 24 left leave VBN 12456 251 25 undecided undecided JJ 12456 251 26 or or CC 12456 251 27 was be VBD 12456 251 28 referred refer VBN 12456 251 29 by by IN 12456 251 30 agreement agreement NN 12456 251 31 to to IN 12456 251 32 an an DT 12456 251 33 arbitrator arbitrator NN 12456 251 34 . . . 12456 252 1 A a DT 12456 252 2 poetical poetical JJ 12456 252 3 form form NN 12456 252 4 which which WDT 12456 252 5 preserves preserve VBZ 12456 252 6 some some DT 12456 252 7 trace trace NN 12456 252 8 of of IN 12456 252 9 its -PRON- PRP$ 12456 252 10 popular popular JJ 12456 252 11 origin origin NN 12456 252 12 is be VBZ 12456 252 13 the the DT 12456 252 14 _ _ NNP 12456 252 15 pastorela_[15 pastorela_[15 NNP 12456 252 16 ] ] -RRB- 12456 252 17 or or CC 12456 252 18 pastoral pastoral JJ 12456 252 19 which which WDT 12456 252 20 takes take VBZ 12456 252 21 its -PRON- PRP$ 12456 252 22 name name NN 12456 252 23 from from IN 12456 252 24 the the DT 12456 252 25 fact fact NN 12456 252 26 that that IN 12456 252 27 the the DT 12456 252 28 heroine heroine NN 12456 252 29 of of IN 12456 252 30 the the DT 12456 252 31 piece piece NN 12456 252 32 was be VBD 12456 252 33 always always RB 12456 252 34 a a DT 12456 252 35 shepherdess shepherdess NN 12456 252 36 . . . 12456 253 1 The the DT 12456 253 2 conventional conventional JJ 12456 253 3 opening opening NN 12456 253 4 is be VBZ 12456 253 5 a a DT 12456 253 6 description description NN 12456 253 7 by by IN 12456 253 8 a a DT 12456 253 9 knight knight NN 12456 253 10 of of IN 12456 253 11 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 253 12 meeting meeting NN 12456 253 13 with with IN 12456 253 14 a a DT 12456 253 15 shepherdess shepherdess NN 12456 253 16 , , , 12456 253 17 " " '' 12456 253 18 the the DT 12456 253 19 other other JJ 12456 253 20 day day NN 12456 253 21 " " '' 12456 253 22 ( ( -LRB- 12456 253 23 _ _ NNP 12456 253 24 l'autrier l'autrier NNP 12456 253 25 _ _ NNP 12456 253 26 , , , 12456 253 27 the the DT 12456 253 28 word word NN 12456 253 29 with with IN 12456 253 30 which which WDT 12456 253 31 the the DT 12456 253 32 poem poem NN 12456 253 33 usually usually RB 12456 253 34 begins begin VBZ 12456 253 35 ) ) -RRB- 12456 253 36 . . . 12456 254 1 A a DT 12456 254 2 dialogue dialogue NN 12456 254 3 then then RB 12456 254 4 follows follow VBZ 12456 254 5 between between IN 12456 254 6 the the DT 12456 254 7 knight knight NN 12456 254 8 and and CC 12456 254 9 the the DT 12456 254 10 shepherdess shepherdess NN 12456 254 11 , , , 12456 254 12 in in IN 12456 254 13 which which WDT 12456 254 14 the the DT 12456 254 15 former former JJ 12456 254 16 sues sue NNS 12456 254 17 for for IN 12456 254 18 her -PRON- PRP$ 12456 254 19 favours favour NNS 12456 254 20 successfully successfully RB 12456 254 21 or or CC 12456 254 22 otherwise otherwise RB 12456 254 23 . . . 12456 255 1 The the DT 12456 255 2 irony irony NN 12456 255 3 or or CC 12456 255 4 sarcasm sarcasm NN 12456 255 5 which which WDT 12456 255 6 enables enable VBZ 12456 255 7 the the DT 12456 255 8 shepherdess shepherdess NN 12456 255 9 to to TO 12456 255 10 hold hold VB 12456 255 11 her -PRON- PRP 12456 255 12 own own JJ 12456 255 13 in in IN 12456 255 14 the the DT 12456 255 15 encounter encounter NN 12456 255 16 is be VBZ 12456 255 17 far far RB 12456 255 18 removed remove VBN 12456 255 19 from from IN 12456 255 20 the the DT 12456 255 21 simplicity simplicity NN 12456 255 22 of of IN 12456 255 23 popular popular JJ 12456 255 24 poetry poetry NN 12456 255 25 . . . 12456 256 1 The the DT 12456 256 2 _ _ NNP 12456 256 3 Leys Leys NNP 12456 256 4 d'Amors d'Amors NNPS 12456 256 5 _ _ NNP 12456 256 6 mentions mention VBZ 12456 256 7 other other JJ 12456 256 8 forms form NNS 12456 256 9 of of IN 12456 256 10 the the DT 12456 256 11 same same JJ 12456 256 12 genre genre NN 12456 256 13 such such JJ 12456 256 14 as as IN 12456 256 15 _ _ NNP 12456 256 16 vaqueira vaqueira NN 12456 256 17 _ _ NNP 12456 256 18 ( ( -LRB- 12456 256 19 cowherd cowherd NNP 12456 256 20 ) ) -RRB- 12456 256 21 , , , 12456 256 22 _ _ NNP 12456 256 23 auqueira auqueira NN 12456 256 24 _ _ NNP 12456 256 25 ( ( -LRB- 12456 256 26 goose goose NNP 12456 256 27 girl girl NN 12456 256 28 ) ) -RRB- 12456 256 29 , , , 12456 256 30 of of IN 12456 256 31 which which WDT 12456 256 32 a a DT 12456 256 33 specimen speciman NNS 12456 256 34 of of IN 12456 256 35 the the DT 12456 256 36 first first RB 12456 256 37 - - HYPH 12456 256 38 named name VBN 12456 256 39 alone alone RB 12456 256 40 has have VBZ 12456 256 41 survived survive VBN 12456 256 42 . . . 12456 257 1 Of of IN 12456 257 2 equal equal JJ 12456 257 3 interest interest NN 12456 257 4 is be VBZ 12456 257 5 the the DT 12456 257 6 _ _ NNP 12456 257 7 alba alba VBZ 12456 257 8 _ _ NNP 12456 257 9 or or CC 12456 257 10 dawn dawn NN 12456 257 11 - - HYPH 12456 257 12 song song NN 12456 257 13 , , , 12456 257 14 in in IN 12456 257 15 which which WDT 12456 257 16 the the DT 12456 257 17 word word NN 12456 257 18 _ _ NNP 12456 257 19 alba alba VBZ 12456 257 20 _ _ NNP 12456 257 21 reappeared reappear VBD 12456 257 22 as as IN 12456 257 23 a a DT 12456 257 24 refrain refrain NN 12456 257 25 in in IN 12456 257 26 each each DT 12456 257 27 verse verse NN 12456 257 28 ; ; : 12456 257 29 the the DT 12456 257 30 subject subject NN 12456 257 31 of of IN 12456 257 32 the the DT 12456 257 33 poem poem NN 12456 257 34 is be VBZ 12456 257 35 the the DT 12456 257 36 parting parting NN 12456 257 37 of of IN 12456 257 38 the the DT 12456 257 39 lovers lover NNS 12456 257 40 at at IN 12456 257 41 the the DT 12456 257 42 dawn dawn NN 12456 257 43 , , , 12456 257 44 the the DT 12456 257 45 approach approach NN 12456 257 46 of of IN 12456 257 47 which which WDT 12456 257 48 is be VBZ 12456 257 49 announced announce VBN 12456 257 50 by by IN 12456 257 51 a a DT 12456 257 52 watchman watchman NN 12456 257 53 or or CC 12456 257 54 by by IN 12456 257 55 some some DT 12456 257 56 faithful faithful JJ 12456 257 57 friend friend NN 12456 257 58 who who WP 12456 257 59 has have VBZ 12456 257 60 undertaken undertake VBN 12456 257 61 to to TO 12456 257 62 guard guard VB 12456 257 63 their -PRON- PRP$ 12456 257 64 meeting meeting NN 12456 257 65 - - HYPH 12456 257 66 place place NN 12456 257 67 throughout throughout IN 12456 257 68 the the DT 12456 257 69 night night NN 12456 257 70 . . . 12456 258 1 The the DT 12456 258 2 counterpart counterpart NN 12456 258 3 of of IN 12456 258 4 this this DT 12456 258 5 form form NN 12456 258 6 , , , 12456 258 7 the the DT 12456 258 8 _ _ NNP 12456 258 9 serena serena NN 12456 258 10 _ _ NNP 12456 258 11 , , , 12456 258 12 does do VBZ 12456 258 13 not not RB 12456 258 14 appear appear VB 12456 258 15 until until IN 12456 258 16 late late RB 12456 258 17 in in IN 12456 258 18 the the DT 12456 258 19 history history NN 12456 258 20 of of IN 12456 258 21 Provençal Provençal NNP 12456 258 22 lyric lyric NN 12456 258 23 poetry poetry NN 12456 258 24 ; ; : 12456 258 25 in in IN 12456 258 26 the the DT 12456 258 27 _ _ NNP 12456 258 28 serena serena NN 12456 258 29 _ _ NNP 12456 258 30 the the DT 12456 258 31 lover lover NN 12456 258 32 longs long VBZ 12456 258 33 for for IN 12456 258 34 the the DT 12456 258 35 [ [ -LRB- 12456 258 36 34 34 CD 12456 258 37 ] ] -RRB- 12456 258 38 approach approach NN 12456 258 39 of of IN 12456 258 40 evening evening NN 12456 258 41 , , , 12456 258 42 which which WDT 12456 258 43 is be VBZ 12456 258 44 to to TO 12456 258 45 unite unite VB 12456 258 46 him -PRON- PRP 12456 258 47 with with IN 12456 258 48 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 258 49 beloved beloved JJ 12456 258 50 . . . 12456 259 1 Other other JJ 12456 259 2 forms form NNS 12456 259 3 of of IN 12456 259 4 minor minor JJ 12456 259 5 importance importance NN 12456 259 6 were be VBD 12456 259 7 the the DT 12456 259 8 _ _ NNP 12456 259 9 comjat comjat NN 12456 259 10 _ _ NNP 12456 259 11 in in IN 12456 259 12 which which WDT 12456 259 13 a a DT 12456 259 14 troubadour troubadour NN 12456 259 15 bids bid NNS 12456 259 16 a a DT 12456 259 17 lady lady NN 12456 259 18 a a DT 12456 259 19 final final JJ 12456 259 20 farewell farewell NN 12456 259 21 , , , 12456 259 22 and and CC 12456 259 23 the the DT 12456 259 24 _ _ NNP 12456 259 25 escondig escondig NN 12456 259 26 _ _ NNP 12456 259 27 or or CC 12456 259 28 justification justification NN 12456 259 29 in in IN 12456 259 30 which which WDT 12456 259 31 the the DT 12456 259 32 lover lover NN 12456 259 33 attempts attempt VBZ 12456 259 34 to to TO 12456 259 35 excuse excuse VB 12456 259 36 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 259 37 behaviour behaviour NN 12456 259 38 to to IN 12456 259 39 a a DT 12456 259 40 lady lady NN 12456 259 41 whose whose WP$ 12456 259 42 anger anger NN 12456 259 43 he -PRON- PRP 12456 259 44 had have VBD 12456 259 45 aroused arouse VBN 12456 259 46 . . . 12456 260 1 The the DT 12456 260 2 troubled troubled JJ 12456 260 3 state state NN 12456 260 4 of of IN 12456 260 5 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 260 6 feelings feeling NNS 12456 260 7 might may MD 12456 260 8 find find VB 12456 260 9 expression expression NN 12456 260 10 in in IN 12456 260 11 the the DT 12456 260 12 _ _ NNP 12456 260 13 descort descort NN 12456 260 14 _ _ NNP 12456 260 15 ( ( -LRB- 12456 260 16 discord discord NN 12456 260 17 ) ) -RRB- 12456 260 18 , , , 12456 260 19 in in IN 12456 260 20 which which WDT 12456 260 21 each each DT 12456 260 22 stanza stanza NNP 12456 260 23 showed show VBD 12456 260 24 a a DT 12456 260 25 change change NN 12456 260 26 of of IN 12456 260 27 metre metre NNP 12456 260 28 and and CC 12456 260 29 melody melody NN 12456 260 30 . . . 12456 261 1 The the DT 12456 261 2 _ _ NNP 12456 261 3 descort descort NN 12456 261 4 _ _ NNP 12456 261 5 of of IN 12456 261 6 Raimbaut Raimbaut NNP 12456 261 7 de de NNP 12456 261 8 Vaqueiras Vaqueiras NNP 12456 261 9 is be VBZ 12456 261 10 written write VBN 12456 261 11 in in IN 12456 261 12 five five CD 12456 261 13 dialects dialect NNS 12456 261 14 , , , 12456 261 15 one one CD 12456 261 16 for for IN 12456 261 17 each each DT 12456 261 18 stanza stanza NN 12456 261 19 , , , 12456 261 20 and and CC 12456 261 21 the the DT 12456 261 22 last last JJ 12456 261 23 and and CC 12456 261 24 sixth sixth JJ 12456 261 25 stanza stanza NN 12456 261 26 of of IN 12456 261 27 the the DT 12456 261 28 poem poem NN 12456 261 29 gives give VBZ 12456 261 30 two two CD 12456 261 31 lines line NNS 12456 261 32 to to IN 12456 261 33 each each DT 12456 261 34 dialect dialect NN 12456 261 35 , , , 12456 261 36 which which WDT 12456 261 37 Babel Babel NNP 12456 261 38 of of IN 12456 261 39 strange strange JJ 12456 261 40 sounds sound NNS 12456 261 41 is be VBZ 12456 261 42 intended intend VBN 12456 261 43 , , , 12456 261 44 he -PRON- PRP 12456 261 45 says say VBZ 12456 261 46 , , , 12456 261 47 to to TO 12456 261 48 show show VB 12456 261 49 how how WRB 12456 261 50 entirely entirely RB 12456 261 51 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 261 52 lady lady NN 12456 261 53 's 's POS 12456 261 54 heart heart NN 12456 261 55 has have VBZ 12456 261 56 changed change VBN 12456 261 57 towards towards IN 12456 261 58 him -PRON- PRP 12456 261 59 . . . 12456 262 1 The the DT 12456 262 2 _ _ NNP 12456 262 3 ballata ballata NN 12456 262 4 _ _ NNP 12456 262 5 and and CC 12456 262 6 the the DT 12456 262 7 _ _ NNP 12456 262 8 estampida estampida NN 12456 262 9 _ _ NNP 12456 262 10 were be VBD 12456 262 11 dance dance NN 12456 262 12 - - HYPH 12456 262 13 songs song NNS 12456 262 14 , , , 12456 262 15 but but CC 12456 262 16 very very RB 12456 262 17 few few JJ 12456 262 18 examples example NNS 12456 262 19 survive survive VBP 12456 262 20 . . . 12456 263 1 Certain certain JJ 12456 263 2 love love NN 12456 263 3 letters letter NNS 12456 263 4 also also RB 12456 263 5 remain remain VBP 12456 263 6 to to IN 12456 263 7 us -PRON- PRP 12456 263 8 , , , 12456 263 9 but but CC 12456 263 10 as as IN 12456 263 11 these these DT 12456 263 12 are be VBP 12456 263 13 written write VBN 12456 263 14 in in IN 12456 263 15 rimed rimed JJ 12456 263 16 couplets couplet NNS 12456 263 17 and and CC 12456 263 18 in in IN 12456 263 19 narrative narrative JJ 12456 263 20 style style NN 12456 263 21 , , , 12456 263 22 they -PRON- PRP 12456 263 23 can can MD 12456 263 24 hardly hardly RB 12456 263 25 be be VB 12456 263 26 classified classify VBN 12456 263 27 as as IN 12456 263 28 lyric lyric NN 12456 263 29 poetry poetry NN 12456 263 30 . . . 12456 264 1 In in IN 12456 264 2 conclusion conclusion NN 12456 264 3 , , , 12456 264 4 a a DT 12456 264 5 word word NN 12456 264 6 must must MD 12456 264 7 be be VB 12456 264 8 said say VBN 12456 264 9 concerning concern VBG 12456 264 10 the the DT 12456 264 11 dispute dispute NN 12456 264 12 between between IN 12456 264 13 two two CD 12456 264 14 schools school NNS 12456 264 15 of of IN 12456 264 16 stylists stylist NNS 12456 264 17 , , , 12456 264 18 which which WDT 12456 264 19 is be VBZ 12456 264 20 one one CD 12456 264 21 of of IN 12456 264 22 the the DT 12456 264 23 most most RBS 12456 264 24 interesting interesting JJ 12456 264 25 points point NNS 12456 264 26 in in IN 12456 264 27 the the DT 12456 264 28 literary literary JJ 12456 264 29 history history NN 12456 264 30 of of IN 12456 264 31 the the DT 12456 264 32 troubadours troubadour NNS 12456 264 33 . . . 12456 265 1 [ [ -LRB- 12456 265 2 16 16 CD 12456 265 3 ] ] -RRB- 12456 265 4 From from IN 12456 265 5 the the DT 12456 265 6 earliest early JJS 12456 265 7 times time NNS 12456 265 8 we -PRON- PRP 12456 265 9 find find VBP 12456 265 10 two two CD 12456 265 11 poetical poetical JJ 12456 265 12 schools school NNS 12456 265 13 in in IN 12456 265 14 opposition opposition NN 12456 265 15 , , , 12456 265 16 the the DT 12456 265 17 _ _ NNP 12456 265 18 trobar trobar NN 12456 265 19 clus clus NN 12456 265 20 _ _ NNP 12456 265 21 ( ( -LRB- 12456 265 22 also also RB 12456 265 23 known know VBN 12456 265 24 as as IN 12456 265 25 _ _ NNP 12456 265 26 car car NN 12456 265 27 , , , 12456 265 28 ric ric NNP 12456 265 29 , , , 12456 265 30 oscur oscur NNP 12456 265 31 , , , 12456 265 32 sotil sotil NNP 12456 265 33 , , , 12456 265 34 cobert cobert NN 12456 265 35 _ _ NNP 12456 265 36 ) ) -RRB- 12456 265 37 , , , 12456 265 38 the the DT 12456 265 39 obscure obscure NN 12456 265 40 , , , 12456 265 41 or or CC 12456 265 42 close close JJ 12456 265 43 , , , 12456 265 44 subtle subtle JJ 12456 265 45 style style NN 12456 265 46 of of IN 12456 265 47 composition composition NN 12456 265 48 , , , 12456 265 49 and and CC 12456 265 50 the the DT 12456 265 51 _ _ NNP 12456 265 52 trobar trobar NN 12456 265 53 clar clar JJ 12456 265 54 ( ( -LRB- 12456 265 55 leu leu NNP 12456 265 56 , , , 12456 265 57 leugier leugier NNP 12456 265 58 , , , 12456 265 59 plan plan NN 12456 265 60 ) ) -RRB- 12456 265 61 , , , 12456 265 62 the the DT 12456 265 63 clear clear JJ 12456 265 64 , , , 12456 265 65 light light JJ 12456 265 66 , , , 12456 265 67 easy easy JJ 12456 265 68 , , , 12456 265 69 straightforward straightforward JJ 12456 265 70 style style NN 12456 265 71 . . . 12456 266 1 Two two CD 12456 266 2 or or CC 12456 266 3 three three CD 12456 266 4 causes cause NNS 12456 266 5 may may MD 12456 266 6 have have VB 12456 266 7 [ [ -LRB- 12456 266 8 35 35 CD 12456 266 9 ] ] -RRB- 12456 266 10 combined combine VBN 12456 266 11 to to TO 12456 266 12 favour favour VB 12456 266 13 the the DT 12456 266 14 development development NN 12456 266 15 of of IN 12456 266 16 obscure obscure JJ 12456 266 17 writing writing NN 12456 266 18 . . . 12456 267 1 The the DT 12456 267 2 theme theme NN 12456 267 3 of of IN 12456 267 4 love love NN 12456 267 5 with with IN 12456 267 6 which which WDT 12456 267 7 the the DT 12456 267 8 _ _ NNP 12456 267 9 chanso chanso NN 12456 267 10 _ _ NNP 12456 267 11 dealt deal VBD 12456 267 12 is be VBZ 12456 267 13 a a DT 12456 267 14 subject subject NN 12456 267 15 by by IN 12456 267 16 no no DT 12456 267 17 means means NN 12456 267 18 inexhaustible inexhaustible JJ 12456 267 19 ; ; : 12456 267 20 there there EX 12456 267 21 was be VBD 12456 267 22 a a DT 12456 267 23 continual continual JJ 12456 267 24 struggle struggle NN 12456 267 25 to to TO 12456 267 26 revivify revivify VB 12456 267 27 the the DT 12456 267 28 well well RB 12456 267 29 - - HYPH 12456 267 30 worn wear VBN 12456 267 31 tale tale NN 12456 267 32 by by IN 12456 267 33 means mean NNS 12456 267 34 of of IN 12456 267 35 strange strange JJ 12456 267 36 turns turn NNS 12456 267 37 of of IN 12456 267 38 expression expression NN 12456 267 39 , , , 12456 267 40 by by IN 12456 267 41 the the DT 12456 267 42 use use NN 12456 267 43 of of IN 12456 267 44 unusual unusual JJ 12456 267 45 adjectives adjective NNS 12456 267 46 and and CC 12456 267 47 forced force VBN 12456 267 48 metaphor metaphor NN 12456 267 49 , , , 12456 267 50 by by IN 12456 267 51 the the DT 12456 267 52 discovery discovery NN 12456 267 53 of of IN 12456 267 54 difficult difficult JJ 12456 267 55 rimes rime NNS 12456 267 56 ( ( -LRB- 12456 267 57 _ _ NNP 12456 267 58 rimes rime VBZ 12456 267 59 cars car NNS 12456 267 60 _ _ NNP 12456 267 61 ) ) -RRB- 12456 267 62 and and CC 12456 267 63 stanza stanza NNP 12456 267 64 schemes scheme NNS 12456 267 65 of of IN 12456 267 66 extraordinary extraordinary JJ 12456 267 67 complexity complexity NN 12456 267 68 . . . 12456 268 1 Marcabrun marcabrun NN 12456 268 2 asserts assert VBZ 12456 268 3 , , , 12456 268 4 possibly possibly RB 12456 268 5 in in IN 12456 268 6 jest jest NNP 12456 268 7 , , , 12456 268 8 that that IN 12456 268 9 he -PRON- PRP 12456 268 10 could could MD 12456 268 11 not not RB 12456 268 12 always always RB 12456 268 13 understand understand VB 12456 268 14 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 268 15 own own JJ 12456 268 16 poems poem NNS 12456 268 17 . . . 12456 269 1 A a DT 12456 269 2 further far RBR 12456 269 3 and and CC 12456 269 4 possibly possibly RB 12456 269 5 an an DT 12456 269 6 earlier early JJR 12456 269 7 cause cause NN 12456 269 8 of of IN 12456 269 9 obscurity obscurity NN 12456 269 10 in in IN 12456 269 11 expression expression NN 12456 269 12 was be VBD 12456 269 13 the the DT 12456 269 14 fact fact NN 12456 269 15 that that IN 12456 269 16 the the DT 12456 269 17 _ _ NNP 12456 269 18 chanso chanso NN 12456 269 19 _ _ NNP 12456 269 20 was be VBD 12456 269 21 a a DT 12456 269 22 love love NN 12456 269 23 song song NN 12456 269 24 addressed address VBN 12456 269 25 to to IN 12456 269 26 a a DT 12456 269 27 married married JJ 12456 269 28 lady lady NN 12456 269 29 ; ; : 12456 269 30 and and CC 12456 269 31 though though RB 12456 269 32 in in IN 12456 269 33 many many JJ 12456 269 34 cases case NNS 12456 269 35 it -PRON- PRP 12456 269 36 was be VBD 12456 269 37 the the DT 12456 269 38 fact fact NN 12456 269 39 that that IN 12456 269 40 the the DT 12456 269 41 poem poem NN 12456 269 42 embodied embody VBD 12456 269 43 compliments compliment NNS 12456 269 44 purely purely RB 12456 269 45 conventional conventional JJ 12456 269 46 , , , 12456 269 47 however however RB 12456 269 48 exaggerated exaggerated JJ 12456 269 49 to to IN 12456 269 50 our -PRON- PRP$ 12456 269 51 ideas idea NNS 12456 269 52 , , , 12456 269 53 yet yet CC 12456 269 54 the the DT 12456 269 55 further further JJ 12456 269 56 fact fact NN 12456 269 57 remains remain VBZ 12456 269 58 that that IN 12456 269 59 the the DT 12456 269 60 sentiments sentiment NNS 12456 269 61 expressed express VBD 12456 269 62 might may MD 12456 269 63 as as RB 12456 269 64 easily easily RB 12456 269 65 be be VB 12456 269 66 those those DT 12456 269 67 of of IN 12456 269 68 veritable veritable JJ 12456 269 69 passion passion NN 12456 269 70 , , , 12456 269 71 and and CC 12456 269 72 , , , 12456 269 73 in in IN 12456 269 74 view view NN 12456 269 75 of of IN 12456 269 76 a a DT 12456 269 77 husband husband NN 12456 269 78 's 's POS 12456 269 79 existence existence NN 12456 269 80 , , , 12456 269 81 obscurity obscurity NN 12456 269 82 had have VBD 12456 269 83 a a DT 12456 269 84 utility utility NN 12456 269 85 of of IN 12456 269 86 its -PRON- PRP$ 12456 269 87 own own JJ 12456 269 88 . . . 12456 270 1 This this DT 12456 270 2 point point NN 12456 270 3 Guiraut Guiraut NNP 12456 270 4 de de FW 12456 270 5 Bornelh Bornelh NNP 12456 270 6 advances advance VBZ 12456 270 7 as as IN 12456 270 8 an an DT 12456 270 9 objection objection NN 12456 270 10 to to IN 12456 270 11 the the DT 12456 270 12 use use NN 12456 270 13 of of IN 12456 270 14 the the DT 12456 270 15 easy easy JJ 12456 270 16 style style NN 12456 270 17 : : : 12456 270 18 " " `` 12456 270 19 I -PRON- PRP 12456 270 20 should should MD 12456 270 21 like like VB 12456 270 22 to to TO 12456 270 23 send send VB 12456 270 24 my -PRON- PRP$ 12456 270 25 song song NN 12456 270 26 to to IN 12456 270 27 my -PRON- PRP$ 12456 270 28 lady lady NN 12456 270 29 , , , 12456 270 30 if if IN 12456 270 31 I -PRON- PRP 12456 270 32 should should MD 12456 270 33 find find VB 12456 270 34 a a DT 12456 270 35 messenger messenger NN 12456 270 36 ; ; : 12456 270 37 but but CC 12456 270 38 if if IN 12456 270 39 I -PRON- PRP 12456 270 40 made make VBD 12456 270 41 another another DT 12456 270 42 my -PRON- PRP$ 12456 270 43 spokesman spokesman NN 12456 270 44 , , , 12456 270 45 I -PRON- PRP 12456 270 46 fear fear VBP 12456 270 47 she -PRON- PRP 12456 270 48 would would MD 12456 270 49 blame blame VB 12456 270 50 me -PRON- PRP 12456 270 51 . . . 12456 271 1 For for IN 12456 271 2 there there EX 12456 271 3 is be VBZ 12456 271 4 no no DT 12456 271 5 sense sense NN 12456 271 6 in in IN 12456 271 7 making make VBG 12456 271 8 another another DT 12456 271 9 speak speak VB 12456 271 10 out out RP 12456 271 11 what what WP 12456 271 12 one one CD 12456 271 13 wishes wish VBZ 12456 271 14 to to TO 12456 271 15 conceal conceal VB 12456 271 16 and and CC 12456 271 17 keep keep VB 12456 271 18 to to IN 12456 271 19 oneself oneself PRP 12456 271 20 . . . 12456 271 21 " " '' 12456 272 1 The the DT 12456 272 2 [ [ -LRB- 12456 272 3 36 36 CD 12456 272 4 ] ] -RRB- 12456 272 5 habit habit NN 12456 272 6 of of IN 12456 272 7 alluding allude VBG 12456 272 8 to to IN 12456 272 9 the the DT 12456 272 10 lady lady NN 12456 272 11 addressed address VBN 12456 272 12 under under IN 12456 272 13 a a DT 12456 272 14 _ _ NNP 12456 272 15 senhal senhal NN 12456 272 16 _ _ NNP 12456 272 17 , , , 12456 272 18 or or CC 12456 272 19 pseudonym pseudonym NN 12456 272 20 , , , 12456 272 21 in in IN 12456 272 22 the the DT 12456 272 23 course course NN 12456 272 24 of of IN 12456 272 25 the the DT 12456 272 26 poem poem NN 12456 272 27 , , , 12456 272 28 is be VBZ 12456 272 29 evidence evidence NN 12456 272 30 for for IN 12456 272 31 a a DT 12456 272 32 need need NN 12456 272 33 of of IN 12456 272 34 privacy privacy NN 12456 272 35 , , , 12456 272 36 though though IN 12456 272 37 this this DT 12456 272 38 custom custom NN 12456 272 39 was be VBD 12456 272 40 also also RB 12456 272 41 conventionalised conventionalise VBN 12456 272 42 , , , 12456 272 43 and and CC 12456 272 44 we -PRON- PRP 12456 272 45 find find VBP 12456 272 46 men man NNS 12456 272 47 as as RB 12456 272 48 well well RB 12456 272 49 as as IN 12456 272 50 women woman NNS 12456 272 51 alluded allude VBD 12456 272 52 to to IN 12456 272 53 under under IN 12456 272 54 a a DT 12456 272 55 _ _ NNP 12456 272 56 senhal senhal NN 12456 272 57 _ _ NNP 12456 272 58 . . . 12456 273 1 It -PRON- PRP 12456 273 2 was be VBD 12456 273 3 not not RB 12456 273 4 always always RB 12456 273 5 the the DT 12456 273 6 fact fact NN 12456 273 7 that that IN 12456 273 8 the the DT 12456 273 9 _ _ NNP 12456 273 10 senhal senhal NN 12456 273 11 _ _ NNP 12456 273 12 was be VBD 12456 273 13 an an DT 12456 273 14 open open JJ 12456 273 15 secret secret NN 12456 273 16 , , , 12456 273 17 although although IN 12456 273 18 in in IN 12456 273 19 many many JJ 12456 273 20 cases case NNS 12456 273 21 , , , 12456 273 22 where where WRB 12456 273 23 a a DT 12456 273 24 high high RB 12456 273 25 - - HYPH 12456 273 26 born bear VBN 12456 273 27 dame dame NN 12456 273 28 desired desire VBN 12456 273 29 to to TO 12456 273 30 boast boast VB 12456 273 31 of of IN 12456 273 32 the the DT 12456 273 33 accomplished accomplish VBN 12456 273 34 troubadour troubadour NN 12456 273 35 in in IN 12456 273 36 her -PRON- PRP$ 12456 273 37 service service NN 12456 273 38 , , , 12456 273 39 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 273 40 poems poem NNS 12456 273 41 would would MD 12456 273 42 naturally naturally RB 12456 273 43 secure secure VB 12456 273 44 the the DT 12456 273 45 widest wide JJS 12456 273 46 publication publication NN 12456 273 47 which which WDT 12456 273 48 she -PRON- PRP 12456 273 49 could could MD 12456 273 50 procure procure VB 12456 273 51 . . . 12456 274 1 A a DT 12456 274 2 further further JJ 12456 274 3 reason reason NN 12456 274 4 for for IN 12456 274 5 complexity complexity NN 12456 274 6 of of IN 12456 274 7 composition composition NN 12456 274 8 is be VBZ 12456 274 9 given give VBN 12456 274 10 by by IN 12456 274 11 the the DT 12456 274 12 troubadour troubadour JJ 12456 274 13 Peire Peire NNP 12456 274 14 d'Auvergne d'Auvergne NNP 12456 274 15 : : : 12456 274 16 " " `` 12456 274 17 He -PRON- PRP 12456 274 18 is be VBZ 12456 274 19 pleasing pleasing JJ 12456 274 20 and and CC 12456 274 21 agreeable agreeable JJ 12456 274 22 to to IN 12456 274 23 me -PRON- PRP 12456 274 24 who who WP 12456 274 25 proceeds proceed VBZ 12456 274 26 to to IN 12456 274 27 sing sing VB 12456 274 28 with with IN 12456 274 29 words word NNS 12456 274 30 shut shut VBN 12456 274 31 up up RP 12456 274 32 and and CC 12456 274 33 obscure obscure RB 12456 274 34 , , , 12456 274 35 to to TO 12456 274 36 which which WDT 12456 274 37 a a DT 12456 274 38 man man NN 12456 274 39 is be VBZ 12456 274 40 afraid afraid JJ 12456 274 41 to to TO 12456 274 42 do do VB 12456 274 43 violence violence NN 12456 274 44 . . . 12456 274 45 " " '' 12456 275 1 The the DT 12456 275 2 " " `` 12456 275 3 violence violence NN 12456 275 4 " " '' 12456 275 5 apprehended apprehend VBN 12456 275 6 is be VBZ 12456 275 7 that that DT 12456 275 8 of of IN 12456 275 9 the the DT 12456 275 10 _ _ NNP 12456 275 11 joglar joglar NNP 12456 275 12 _ _ NNP 12456 275 13 , , , 12456 275 14 who who WP 12456 275 15 might may MD 12456 275 16 garble garble VB 12456 275 17 a a DT 12456 275 18 song song NN 12456 275 19 in in IN 12456 275 20 the the DT 12456 275 21 performance performance NN 12456 275 22 of of IN 12456 275 23 it -PRON- PRP 12456 275 24 , , , 12456 275 25 if if IN 12456 275 26 he -PRON- PRP 12456 275 27 had have VBD 12456 275 28 not not RB 12456 275 29 the the DT 12456 275 30 memory memory NN 12456 275 31 or or CC 12456 275 32 industry industry NN 12456 275 33 to to TO 12456 275 34 learn learn VB 12456 275 35 it -PRON- PRP 12456 275 36 perfectly perfectly RB 12456 275 37 , , , 12456 275 38 and and CC 12456 275 39 Peire Peire NNP 12456 275 40 d'Alvernhe d'Alvernhe NNP 12456 275 41 ( ( -LRB- 12456 275 42 1158 1158 CD 12456 275 43 - - SYM 12456 275 44 80 80 CD 12456 275 45 ) ) -RRB- 12456 275 46 commends commend VBZ 12456 275 47 compositions composition NNS 12456 275 48 so so RB 12456 275 49 constructed construct VBD 12456 275 50 that that IN 12456 275 51 the the DT 12456 275 52 disposition disposition NN 12456 275 53 of of IN 12456 275 54 the the DT 12456 275 55 rimes rime NNS 12456 275 56 will will MD 12456 275 57 prevent prevent VB 12456 275 58 the the DT 12456 275 59 interpolation interpolation NN 12456 275 60 of of IN 12456 275 61 topical topical JJ 12456 275 62 allusions allusion NNS 12456 275 63 or or CC 12456 275 64 careless careless JJ 12456 275 65 altercation altercation NN 12456 275 66 . . . 12456 276 1 The the DT 12456 276 2 similar similar JJ 12456 276 3 safeguard safeguard NN 12456 276 4 of of IN 12456 276 5 Dante Dante NNP 12456 276 6 's 's POS 12456 276 7 _ _ NNP 12456 276 8 terza terza NNP 12456 276 9 rima rima NNP 12456 276 10 _ _ NNP 12456 276 11 will will MD 12456 276 12 occur occur VB 12456 276 13 to to IN 12456 276 14 every every DT 12456 276 15 student student NN 12456 276 16 . . . 12456 277 1 The the DT 12456 277 2 social social JJ 12456 277 3 conditions condition NNS 12456 277 4 again again RB 12456 277 5 under under IN 12456 277 6 which which WDT 12456 277 7 troubadour troubadour CD 12456 277 8 poetry poetry NN 12456 277 9 was be VBD 12456 277 10 produced produce VBN 12456 277 11 , , , 12456 277 12 apart apart RB 12456 277 13 from from IN 12456 277 14 the the DT 12456 277 15 limitations limitation NNS 12456 277 16 of of IN 12456 277 17 its -PRON- PRP$ 12456 277 18 subject subject JJ 12456 277 19 matter matter NN 12456 277 20 , , , 12456 277 21 tended tend VBD 12456 277 22 to to TO 12456 277 23 foster foster VB 12456 277 24 an an DT 12456 277 25 obscure obscure JJ 12456 277 26 and and CC 12456 277 27 highly highly RB 12456 277 28 artificial artificial JJ 12456 277 29 diction diction NN 12456 277 30 . . . 12456 278 1 This this DT 12456 278 2 obscurity obscurity NN 12456 278 3 was be VBD 12456 278 4 attained attain VBN 12456 278 5 , , , 12456 278 6 as as IN 12456 278 7 we -PRON- PRP 12456 278 8 have have VBP 12456 278 9 said say VBD 12456 278 10 , , , 12456 278 11 by by IN 12456 278 12 elevation elevation NN 12456 278 13 and and CC 12456 278 14 preciosity preciosity NN 12456 278 15 of of IN 12456 278 16 style style NN 12456 278 17 , , , 12456 278 18 and and CC 12456 278 19 was be VBD 12456 278 20 not not RB 12456 278 21 the the DT 12456 278 22 result result NN 12456 278 23 of of IN 12456 278 24 confusion confusion NN 12456 278 25 of of IN 12456 278 26 thought thought NN 12456 278 27 . . . 12456 279 1 Guiraut Guiraut NNP 12456 279 2 de de FW 12456 279 3 Bornelh Bornelh NNP 12456 279 4 tells tell VBZ 12456 279 5 us -PRON- PRP 12456 279 6 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 279 7 method method NN 12456 279 8 [ [ -LRB- 12456 279 9 37 37 CD 12456 279 10 ] ] -RRB- 12456 279 11 in in IN 12456 279 12 a a DT 12456 279 13 passage passage NN 12456 279 14 worth worth JJ 12456 279 15 quoting quoting NN 12456 279 16 in in IN 12456 279 17 the the DT 12456 279 18 original-- original-- JJ 12456 279 19 Mas Mas NNP 12456 279 20 per per IN 12456 279 21 melhs melhs NNP 12456 279 22 assire assire NNP 12456 279 23 mon mon NNP 12456 279 24 chan chan NNP 12456 279 25 , , , 12456 279 26 vau vau NNP 12456 279 27 cercan cercan NNP 12456 279 28 bos bos NNP 12456 279 29 motz motz NNP 12456 279 30 en en NNP 12456 279 31 fre fre NNP 12456 279 32 que que NNP 12456 279 33 son son NNP 12456 279 34 tuit tuit NNP 12456 279 35 cargat cargat NNP 12456 279 36 e e NNP 12456 279 37 ple ple NNP 12456 279 38 d'us d'us NNP 12456 279 39 estranhs estranhs NNP 12456 279 40 sens sen VBZ 12456 279 41 naturals natural NNS 12456 279 42 ; ; : 12456 279 43 mas mas NNP 12456 279 44 no no DT 12456 279 45 sabon sabon NNP 12456 279 46 tuich tuich NNP 12456 279 47 de de NNP 12456 279 48 cals cal NNS 12456 279 49 . . . 12456 280 1 " " `` 12456 280 2 But but CC 12456 280 3 for for IN 12456 280 4 the the DT 12456 280 5 better well JJR 12456 280 6 foundation foundation NN 12456 280 7 of of IN 12456 280 8 my -PRON- PRP$ 12456 280 9 song song NN 12456 280 10 I -PRON- PRP 12456 280 11 keep keep VBP 12456 280 12 on on IN 12456 280 13 the the DT 12456 280 14 watch watch NN 12456 280 15 for for IN 12456 280 16 words word NNS 12456 280 17 good good JJ 12456 280 18 on on IN 12456 280 19 the the DT 12456 280 20 rein rein NN 12456 280 21 ( ( -LRB- 12456 280 22 _ _ NNP 12456 280 23 i.e. i.e. FW 12456 280 24 _ _ NNP 12456 280 25 tractable tractable NN 12456 280 26 like like IN 12456 280 27 horses horse NNS 12456 280 28 ) ) -RRB- 12456 280 29 , , , 12456 280 30 which which WDT 12456 280 31 are be VBP 12456 280 32 all all DT 12456 280 33 loaded load VBN 12456 280 34 ( ( -LRB- 12456 280 35 like like IN 12456 280 36 pack pack NN 12456 280 37 horses horse NNS 12456 280 38 ) ) -RRB- 12456 280 39 and and CC 12456 280 40 full full JJ 12456 280 41 of of IN 12456 280 42 a a DT 12456 280 43 meaning meaning NN 12456 280 44 which which WDT 12456 280 45 is be VBZ 12456 280 46 unusual unusual JJ 12456 280 47 , , , 12456 280 48 and and CC 12456 280 49 yet yet RB 12456 280 50 is be VBZ 12456 280 51 wholly wholly RB 12456 280 52 theirs theirs JJ 12456 280 53 ( ( -LRB- 12456 280 54 naturals natural NNS 12456 280 55 ) ) -RRB- 12456 280 56 ; ; : 12456 280 57 but but CC 12456 280 58 it -PRON- PRP 12456 280 59 is be VBZ 12456 280 60 not not RB 12456 280 61 everyone everyone NN 12456 280 62 that that WDT 12456 280 63 knows know VBZ 12456 280 64 what what WP 12456 280 65 that that DT 12456 280 66 meaning meaning NN 12456 280 67 is be VBZ 12456 280 68 " " `` 12456 280 69 . . . 12456 281 1 [ [ -LRB- 12456 281 2 17 17 CD 12456 281 3 ] ] -RRB- 12456 281 4 Difficulty difficulty NN 12456 281 5 was be VBD 12456 281 6 thus thus RB 12456 281 7 intentional intentional JJ 12456 281 8 ; ; : 12456 281 9 in in IN 12456 281 10 the the DT 12456 281 11 case case NN 12456 281 12 of of IN 12456 281 13 several several JJ 12456 281 14 troubadours troubadour NNS 12456 281 15 it -PRON- PRP 12456 281 16 affected affect VBD 12456 281 17 the the DT 12456 281 18 whole whole NN 12456 281 19 of of IN 12456 281 20 their -PRON- PRP$ 12456 281 21 writing writing NN 12456 281 22 , , , 12456 281 23 no no RB 12456 281 24 matter matter RB 12456 281 25 what what WP 12456 281 26 the the DT 12456 281 27 subject subject JJ 12456 281 28 matter matter NN 12456 281 29 . . . 12456 282 1 They -PRON- PRP 12456 282 2 desired desire VBD 12456 282 3 not not RB 12456 282 4 to to TO 12456 282 5 be be VB 12456 282 6 understood understand VBN 12456 282 7 of of IN 12456 282 8 the the DT 12456 282 9 people people NNS 12456 282 10 . . . 12456 283 1 Dean Dean NNP 12456 283 2 Gaisford Gaisford NNP 12456 283 3 's 's POS 12456 283 4 reputed repute VBN 12456 283 5 address address NN 12456 283 6 to to IN 12456 283 7 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 283 8 divinity divinity NN 12456 283 9 lecture lecture NN 12456 283 10 illustrates illustrate VBZ 12456 283 11 the the DT 12456 283 12 attitude attitude NN 12456 283 13 of of IN 12456 283 14 those those DT 12456 283 15 troubadours troubadour NNS 12456 283 16 who who WP 12456 283 17 affected affect VBD 12456 283 18 the the DT 12456 283 19 _ _ NNP 12456 283 20 trobar trobar NN 12456 283 21 clus clus NN 12456 283 22 _ _ NNP 12456 283 23 : : : 12456 283 24 " " `` 12456 283 25 Gentlemen Gentlemen NNP 12456 283 26 , , , 12456 283 27 a a DT 12456 283 28 knowledge knowledge NN 12456 283 29 of of IN 12456 283 30 Greek Greek NNP 12456 283 31 will will MD 12456 283 32 enable enable VB 12456 283 33 you -PRON- PRP 12456 283 34 to to TO 12456 283 35 read read VB 12456 283 36 the the DT 12456 283 37 oracles oracle NNS 12456 283 38 of of IN 12456 283 39 God God NNP 12456 283 40 in in IN 12456 283 41 the the DT 12456 283 42 original original NN 12456 283 43 and and CC 12456 283 44 to to TO 12456 283 45 look look VB 12456 283 46 down down RP 12456 283 47 from from IN 12456 283 48 the the DT 12456 283 49 heights height NNS 12456 283 50 of of IN 12456 283 51 scholarship scholarship NN 12456 283 52 upon upon IN 12456 283 53 the the DT 12456 283 54 vulgar vulgar JJ 12456 283 55 herd herd NN 12456 283 56 . . . 12456 283 57 " " '' 12456 284 1 The the DT 12456 284 2 inevitable inevitable JJ 12456 284 3 reaction reaction NN 12456 284 4 occurred occur VBD 12456 284 5 , , , 12456 284 6 and and CC 12456 284 7 a a DT 12456 284 8 movement movement NN 12456 284 9 in in IN 12456 284 10 the the DT 12456 284 11 opposite opposite JJ 12456 284 12 direction direction NN 12456 284 13 was be VBD 12456 284 14 begun begin VBN 12456 284 15 ; ; : 12456 284 16 of of IN 12456 284 17 this this DT 12456 284 18 movement movement NN 12456 284 19 the the DT 12456 284 20 most most RBS 12456 284 21 distinguished distinguished JJ 12456 284 22 supporter supporter NN 12456 284 23 was be VBD 12456 284 24 the the DT 12456 284 25 troubadour troubadour JJ 12456 284 26 , , , 12456 284 27 Guiraut Guiraut NNP 12456 284 28 de de FW 12456 284 29 Bornelh Bornelh NNP 12456 284 30 . . . 12456 285 1 He -PRON- PRP 12456 285 2 had have VBD 12456 285 3 been be VBN 12456 285 4 one one CD 12456 285 5 of of IN 12456 285 6 the the DT 12456 285 7 most most RBS 12456 285 8 successful successful JJ 12456 285 9 [ [ -LRB- 12456 285 10 38 38 CD 12456 285 11 ] ] -RRB- 12456 285 12 exponents exponent NNS 12456 285 13 of of IN 12456 285 14 the the DT 12456 285 15 _ _ NNP 12456 285 16 trobar trobar NN 12456 285 17 clus clus NN 12456 285 18 _ _ NNP 12456 285 19 , , , 12456 285 20 and and CC 12456 285 21 afterwards afterwards RB 12456 285 22 supported support VBD 12456 285 23 the the DT 12456 285 24 cause cause NN 12456 285 25 of of IN 12456 285 26 the the DT 12456 285 27 _ _ NNP 12456 285 28 trobar trobar NN 12456 285 29 clar clar JJ 12456 285 30 _ _ NNP 12456 285 31 . . . 12456 286 1 Current current JJ 12456 286 2 arguments argument NNS 12456 286 3 for for IN 12456 286 4 either either DT 12456 286 5 cause cause NN 12456 286 6 are be VBP 12456 286 7 set set VBN 12456 286 8 forth forth RP 12456 286 9 in in IN 12456 286 10 the the DT 12456 286 11 _ _ NNP 12456 286 12 tenso tenso NN 12456 286 13 _ _ NNP 12456 286 14 between between IN 12456 286 15 Guiraut Guiraut NNP 12456 286 16 de de FW 12456 286 17 Bornelh Bornelh NNP 12456 286 18 and and CC 12456 286 19 Linhaure Linhaure NNP 12456 286 20 ( ( -LRB- 12456 286 21 pseudonym pseudonym NN 12456 286 22 for for IN 12456 286 23 the the DT 12456 286 24 troubadour troubadour JJ 12456 286 25 Raimbaut Raimbaut NNP 12456 286 26 d'Aurenga d'Aurenga NNP 12456 286 27 ) ) -RRB- 12456 286 28 . . . 12456 287 1 ( ( -LRB- 12456 287 2 1 1 LS 12456 287 3 ) ) -RRB- 12456 287 4 I -PRON- PRP 12456 287 5 should should MD 12456 287 6 like like VB 12456 287 7 to to TO 12456 287 8 know know VB 12456 287 9 , , , 12456 287 10 G. G. NNP 12456 287 11 de de FW 12456 287 12 Bornelh Bornelh NNP 12456 287 13 , , , 12456 287 14 why why WRB 12456 287 15 , , , 12456 287 16 and and CC 12456 287 17 for for IN 12456 287 18 what what WDT 12456 287 19 reason reason NN 12456 287 20 , , , 12456 287 21 you -PRON- PRP 12456 287 22 keep keep VBP 12456 287 23 blaming blame VBG 12456 287 24 the the DT 12456 287 25 obscure obscure JJ 12456 287 26 style style NN 12456 287 27 . . . 12456 288 1 Tell tell VB 12456 288 2 me -PRON- PRP 12456 288 3 if if IN 12456 288 4 you -PRON- PRP 12456 288 5 prize prize VBP 12456 288 6 so so RB 12456 288 7 highly highly RB 12456 288 8 that that IN 12456 288 9 which which WDT 12456 288 10 is be VBZ 12456 288 11 common common JJ 12456 288 12 to to IN 12456 288 13 all all DT 12456 288 14 ? ? . 12456 289 1 For for IN 12456 289 2 then then RB 12456 289 3 would would MD 12456 289 4 all all DT 12456 289 5 be be VB 12456 289 6 equal equal JJ 12456 289 7 . . . 12456 290 1 ( ( -LRB- 12456 290 2 2 2 LS 12456 290 3 ) ) -RRB- 12456 290 4 Sir Sir NNP 12456 290 5 Linhaure Linhaure NNP 12456 290 6 , , , 12456 290 7 I -PRON- PRP 12456 290 8 do do VBP 12456 290 9 not not RB 12456 290 10 take take VB 12456 290 11 it -PRON- PRP 12456 290 12 to to IN 12456 290 13 heart heart NN 12456 290 14 if if IN 12456 290 15 each each DT 12456 290 16 man man NN 12456 290 17 composes compose VBZ 12456 290 18 as as IN 12456 290 19 he -PRON- PRP 12456 290 20 pleases please VBZ 12456 290 21 ; ; , 12456 290 22 but but CC 12456 290 23 judge judge VBP 12456 290 24 that that DT 12456 290 25 song song NN 12456 290 26 is be VBZ 12456 290 27 more more RBR 12456 290 28 loved love VBN 12456 290 29 and and CC 12456 290 30 prized prize VBN 12456 290 31 which which WDT 12456 290 32 is be VBZ 12456 290 33 made make VBN 12456 290 34 easy easy JJ 12456 290 35 and and CC 12456 290 36 simple simple JJ 12456 290 37 , , , 12456 290 38 and and CC 12456 290 39 do do VBP 12456 290 40 not not RB 12456 290 41 be be VB 12456 290 42 vexed vex VBN 12456 290 43 at at IN 12456 290 44 my -PRON- PRP$ 12456 290 45 opinion opinion NN 12456 290 46 . . . 12456 291 1 ( ( -LRB- 12456 291 2 3 3 LS 12456 291 3 ) ) -RRB- 12456 291 4 Guiraut Guiraut NNP 12456 291 5 , , , 12456 291 6 I -PRON- PRP 12456 291 7 do do VBP 12456 291 8 not not RB 12456 291 9 like like VB 12456 291 10 my -PRON- PRP$ 12456 291 11 songs song NNS 12456 291 12 to to TO 12456 291 13 be be VB 12456 291 14 so so RB 12456 291 15 confused confused JJ 12456 291 16 , , , 12456 291 17 that that IN 12456 291 18 the the DT 12456 291 19 base base NN 12456 291 20 and and CC 12456 291 21 good good NN 12456 291 22 , , , 12456 291 23 the the DT 12456 291 24 small small JJ 12456 291 25 and and CC 12456 291 26 great great JJ 12456 291 27 be be VB 12456 291 28 appraised appraise VBN 12456 291 29 alike alike RB 12456 291 30 ; ; : 12456 291 31 my -PRON- PRP$ 12456 291 32 poetry poetry NN 12456 291 33 will will MD 12456 291 34 never never RB 12456 291 35 be be VB 12456 291 36 praised praise VBN 12456 291 37 by by IN 12456 291 38 fools fool NNS 12456 291 39 , , , 12456 291 40 for for IN 12456 291 41 they -PRON- PRP 12456 291 42 have have VBP 12456 291 43 no no DT 12456 291 44 understanding understanding NN 12456 291 45 nor nor CC 12456 291 46 care care NN 12456 291 47 for for IN 12456 291 48 what what WP 12456 291 49 is be VBZ 12456 291 50 more more RBR 12456 291 51 precious precious JJ 12456 291 52 and and CC 12456 291 53 valuable valuable JJ 12456 291 54 . . . 12456 292 1 ( ( -LRB- 12456 292 2 4 4 LS 12456 292 3 ) ) -RRB- 12456 292 4 Linhaure linhaure NN 12456 292 5 , , , 12456 292 6 if if IN 12456 292 7 I -PRON- PRP 12456 292 8 work work VBP 12456 292 9 late late RB 12456 292 10 and and CC 12456 292 11 turn turn VB 12456 292 12 my -PRON- PRP$ 12456 292 13 rest rest NN 12456 292 14 into into IN 12456 292 15 weariness weariness NN 12456 292 16 for for IN 12456 292 17 that that DT 12456 292 18 reason reason NN 12456 292 19 ( ( -LRB- 12456 292 20 to to TO 12456 292 21 make make VB 12456 292 22 my -PRON- PRP$ 12456 292 23 songs song NNS 12456 292 24 simple simple JJ 12456 292 25 ) ) -RRB- 12456 292 26 , , , 12456 292 27 does do VBZ 12456 292 28 it -PRON- PRP 12456 292 29 seem seem VB 12456 292 30 that that IN 12456 292 31 I -PRON- PRP 12456 292 32 am be VBP 12456 292 33 afraid afraid JJ 12456 292 34 of of IN 12456 292 35 work work NN 12456 292 36 ? ? . 12456 293 1 Why why WRB 12456 293 2 compose compose VB 12456 293 3 if if IN 12456 293 4 you -PRON- PRP 12456 293 5 do do VBP 12456 293 6 not not RB 12456 293 7 want want VB 12456 293 8 all all DT 12456 293 9 to to TO 12456 293 10 understand understand VB 12456 293 11 ? ? . 12456 294 1 Song Song NNP 12456 294 2 brings bring VBZ 12456 294 3 no no DT 12456 294 4 other other JJ 12456 294 5 advantage advantage NN 12456 294 6 . . . 12456 295 1 ( ( -LRB- 12456 295 2 5 5 LS 12456 295 3 ) ) -RRB- 12456 295 4 Guiraut Guiraut NNP 12456 295 5 , , , 12456 295 6 provided provide VBD 12456 295 7 that that IN 12456 295 8 I -PRON- PRP 12456 295 9 produce produce VBP 12456 295 10 what what WP 12456 295 11 is be VBZ 12456 295 12 best good JJS 12456 295 13 at at IN 12456 295 14 all all DT 12456 295 15 times time NNS 12456 295 16 , , , 12456 295 17 I -PRON- PRP 12456 295 18 care care VBP 12456 295 19 not not RB 12456 295 20 if if IN 12456 295 21 it -PRON- PRP 12456 295 22 be be VB 12456 295 23 not not RB 12456 295 24 so so RB 12456 295 25 widespread widespread JJ 12456 295 26 ; ; : 12456 295 27 commonplaces commonplace NNS 12456 295 28 are be VBP 12456 295 29 no no RB 12456 295 30 good good JJ 12456 295 31 for for IN 12456 295 32 the the DT 12456 295 33 appreciative appreciative JJ 12456 295 34 -- -- : 12456 295 35 that that DT 12456 295 36 is be VBZ 12456 295 37 why why WRB 12456 295 38 gold gold NN 12456 295 39 is be VBZ 12456 295 40 more more RBR 12456 295 41 valued value VBN 12456 295 42 than than IN 12456 295 43 salt salt NN 12456 295 44 , , , 12456 295 45 and and CC 12456 295 46 with with IN 12456 295 47 song song NN 12456 295 48 [ [ -LRB- 12456 295 49 39 39 CD 12456 295 50 ] ] -RRB- 12456 295 51 it -PRON- PRP 12456 295 52 is be VBZ 12456 295 53 even even RB 12456 295 54 the the DT 12456 295 55 same same JJ 12456 295 56 . . . 12456 296 1 It -PRON- PRP 12456 296 2 is be VBZ 12456 296 3 obvious obvious JJ 12456 296 4 that that IN 12456 296 5 the the DT 12456 296 6 disputants disputant NNS 12456 296 7 are be VBP 12456 296 8 at at IN 12456 296 9 cross cross NN 12456 296 10 purposes purpose NNS 12456 296 11 ; ; : 12456 296 12 the the DT 12456 296 13 object object NN 12456 296 14 of of IN 12456 296 15 writing write VBG 12456 296 16 poetry poetry NN 12456 296 17 , , , 12456 296 18 according accord VBG 12456 296 19 to to IN 12456 296 20 the the DT 12456 296 21 one one NN 12456 296 22 , , , 12456 296 23 is be VBZ 12456 296 24 to to TO 12456 296 25 please please VB 12456 296 26 a a DT 12456 296 27 small small JJ 12456 296 28 circle circle NN 12456 296 29 of of IN 12456 296 30 highly highly RB 12456 296 31 trained train VBN 12456 296 32 admirers admirer NNS 12456 296 33 by by IN 12456 296 34 the the DT 12456 296 35 display display NN 12456 296 36 of of IN 12456 296 37 technical technical JJ 12456 296 38 skill skill NN 12456 296 39 . . . 12456 297 1 Guiraut Guiraut NNP 12456 297 2 de de FW 12456 297 3 Bornelh Bornelh NNP 12456 297 4 , , , 12456 297 5 on on IN 12456 297 6 the the DT 12456 297 7 other other JJ 12456 297 8 hand hand NN 12456 297 9 , , , 12456 297 10 believes believe VBZ 12456 297 11 that that IN 12456 297 12 the the DT 12456 297 13 poet poet NN 12456 297 14 should should MD 12456 297 15 have have VB 12456 297 16 a a DT 12456 297 17 message message NN 12456 297 18 for for IN 12456 297 19 the the DT 12456 297 20 people people NNS 12456 297 21 , , , 12456 297 22 and and CC 12456 297 23 that that IN 12456 297 24 even even RB 12456 297 25 the the DT 12456 297 26 fools fool NNS 12456 297 27 should should MD 12456 297 28 be be VB 12456 297 29 able able JJ 12456 297 30 to to TO 12456 297 31 understand understand VB 12456 297 32 its -PRON- PRP$ 12456 297 33 purport purport NN 12456 297 34 . . . 12456 298 1 He -PRON- PRP 12456 298 2 adds add VBZ 12456 298 3 the the DT 12456 298 4 further further JJ 12456 298 5 statement statement NN 12456 298 6 that that IN 12456 298 7 composition composition NN 12456 298 8 in in IN 12456 298 9 the the DT 12456 298 10 easy easy JJ 12456 298 11 style style NN 12456 298 12 demands demand VBZ 12456 298 13 no no DT 12456 298 14 less less JJR 12456 298 15 skill skill NN 12456 298 16 and and CC 12456 298 17 power power NN 12456 298 18 than than IN 12456 298 19 is be VBZ 12456 298 20 required require VBN 12456 298 21 for for IN 12456 298 22 the the DT 12456 298 23 production production NN 12456 298 24 of of IN 12456 298 25 obscurity obscurity NN 12456 298 26 . . . 12456 299 1 This this DT 12456 299 2 latter latter NN 12456 299 3 is be VBZ 12456 299 4 a a DT 12456 299 5 point point NN 12456 299 6 upon upon IN 12456 299 7 which which WDT 12456 299 8 he -PRON- PRP 12456 299 9 repeatedly repeatedly RB 12456 299 10 insists insist VBZ 12456 299 11 : : : 12456 299 12 " " `` 12456 299 13 The the DT 12456 299 14 troubadour troubadour JJ 12456 299 15 who who WP 12456 299 16 makes make VBZ 12456 299 17 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 299 18 meaning meaning NN 12456 299 19 clear clear JJ 12456 299 20 is be VBZ 12456 299 21 just just RB 12456 299 22 as as RB 12456 299 23 clever clever JJ 12456 299 24 as as IN 12456 299 25 he -PRON- PRP 12456 299 26 who who WP 12456 299 27 cunningly cunningly RB 12456 299 28 conjoins conjoin VBZ 12456 299 29 words word NNS 12456 299 30 . . . 12456 299 31 " " '' 12456 300 1 " " `` 12456 300 2 My -PRON- PRP$ 12456 300 3 opinion opinion NN 12456 300 4 is be VBZ 12456 300 5 that that IN 12456 300 6 it -PRON- PRP 12456 300 7 is be VBZ 12456 300 8 not not RB 12456 300 9 in in IN 12456 300 10 obscure obscure JJ 12456 300 11 but but CC 12456 300 12 in in IN 12456 300 13 clear clear JJ 12456 300 14 composition composition NN 12456 300 15 that that IN 12456 300 16 toil toil NN 12456 300 17 is be VBZ 12456 300 18 involved involve VBN 12456 300 19 . . . 12456 300 20 " " '' 12456 301 1 Later later RB 12456 301 2 troubadours troubadour NNS 12456 301 3 of of IN 12456 301 4 renown renown NN 12456 301 5 supported support VBD 12456 301 6 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 301 7 arguments argument NNS 12456 301 8 ; ; : 12456 301 9 Raimon Raimon NNP 12456 301 10 de de NNP 12456 301 11 Miraval Miraval NNP 12456 301 12 ( ( -LRB- 12456 301 13 1168 1168 CD 12456 301 14 - - SYM 12456 301 15 1180 1180 CD 12456 301 16 ) ) -RRB- 12456 301 17 declares declare VBZ 12456 301 18 : : : 12456 301 19 " " `` 12456 301 20 Never never RB 12456 301 21 should should MD 12456 301 22 obscure obscure VB 12456 301 23 poetry poetry NN 12456 301 24 be be VB 12456 301 25 praised praise VBN 12456 301 26 , , , 12456 301 27 for for IN 12456 301 28 it -PRON- PRP 12456 301 29 is be VBZ 12456 301 30 composed compose VBN 12456 301 31 only only RB 12456 301 32 for for IN 12456 301 33 a a DT 12456 301 34 price price NN 12456 301 35 , , , 12456 301 36 compared compare VBN 12456 301 37 with with IN 12456 301 38 sweet sweet JJ 12456 301 39 festal festal JJ 12456 301 40 songs song NNS 12456 301 41 , , , 12456 301 42 easy easy JJ 12456 301 43 to to TO 12456 301 44 learn learn VB 12456 301 45 , , , 12456 301 46 such such JJ 12456 301 47 as as IN 12456 301 48 I -PRON- PRP 12456 301 49 sing sing VBP 12456 301 50 . . . 12456 301 51 " " '' 12456 302 1 So so RB 12456 302 2 , , , 12456 302 3 too too RB 12456 302 4 , , , 12456 302 5 pronounces pronounce VBZ 12456 302 6 the the DT 12456 302 7 Italian Italian NNP 12456 302 8 Lanfranc Lanfranc NNP 12456 302 9 Cigala Cigala NNP 12456 302 10 ( ( -LRB- 12456 302 11 1241 1241 CD 12456 302 12 - - SYM 12456 302 13 1257 1257 CD 12456 302 14 ) ) -RRB- 12456 302 15 : : : 12456 302 16 " " `` 12456 302 17 I -PRON- PRP 12456 302 18 could could MD 12456 302 19 easily easily RB 12456 302 20 compose compose VB 12456 302 21 an an DT 12456 302 22 obscure obscure JJ 12456 302 23 , , , 12456 302 24 subtle subtle JJ 12456 302 25 poem poem NN 12456 302 26 if if IN 12456 302 27 I -PRON- PRP 12456 302 28 wished wish VBD 12456 302 29 ; ; : 12456 302 30 but but CC 12456 302 31 no no DT 12456 302 32 poem poem NN 12456 302 33 should should MD 12456 302 34 be be VB 12456 302 35 so so RB 12456 302 36 concealed conceal VBN 12456 302 37 beneath beneath IN 12456 302 38 subtlety subtlety NN 12456 302 39 as as RB 12456 302 40 not not RB 12456 302 41 to to TO 12456 302 42 be be VB 12456 302 43 clear clear JJ 12456 302 44 as as IN 12456 302 45 day day NN 12456 302 46 . . . 12456 303 1 For for IN 12456 303 2 knowledge knowledge NN 12456 303 3 is be VBZ 12456 303 4 of of IN 12456 303 5 small small JJ 12456 303 6 value value NN 12456 303 7 if if IN 12456 303 8 clearness clearness NN 12456 303 9 does do VBZ 12456 303 10 not not RB 12456 303 11 bring bring VB 12456 303 12 light light NN 12456 303 13 ; ; : 12456 303 14 obscurity obscurity NN 12456 303 15 has have VBZ 12456 303 16 ever ever RB 12456 303 17 been be VBN 12456 303 18 regarded regard VBN 12456 303 19 as as IN 12456 303 20 death death NN 12456 303 21 , , , 12456 303 22 and and CC 12456 303 23 brightness brightness NN 12456 303 24 [ [ -LRB- 12456 303 25 40 40 CD 12456 303 26 ] ] -RRB- 12456 303 27 as as IN 12456 303 28 life life NN 12456 303 29 . . . 12456 303 30 " " '' 12456 304 1 The the DT 12456 304 2 fact fact NN 12456 304 3 is be VBZ 12456 304 4 thus thus RB 12456 304 5 sufficiently sufficiently RB 12456 304 6 demonstrated demonstrate VBN 12456 304 7 that that IN 12456 304 8 these these DT 12456 304 9 two two CD 12456 304 10 styles style NNS 12456 304 11 existed exist VBD 12456 304 12 in in IN 12456 304 13 opposition opposition NN 12456 304 14 , , , 12456 304 15 and and CC 12456 304 16 that that IN 12456 304 17 any any DT 12456 304 18 one one CD 12456 304 19 troubadour troubadour NN 12456 304 20 might may MD 12456 304 21 practise practise VB 12456 304 22 both both DT 12456 304 23 . . . 12456 305 1 Enough enough JJ 12456 305 2 has have VBZ 12456 305 3 now now RB 12456 305 4 been be VBN 12456 305 5 said say VBN 12456 305 6 to to TO 12456 305 7 show show VB 12456 305 8 that that IN 12456 305 9 troubadour troubadour JJ 12456 305 10 lyric lyric NN 12456 305 11 poetry poetry NN 12456 305 12 , , , 12456 305 13 regarded regard VBD 12456 305 14 as as IN 12456 305 15 literature literature NN 12456 305 16 , , , 12456 305 17 would would MD 12456 305 18 soon soon RB 12456 305 19 produce produce VB 12456 305 20 a a DT 12456 305 21 surfeit surfeit NN 12456 305 22 , , , 12456 305 23 if if IN 12456 305 24 read read VBN 12456 305 25 in in IN 12456 305 26 bulk bulk NN 12456 305 27 . . . 12456 306 1 It -PRON- PRP 12456 306 2 is be VBZ 12456 306 3 essentially essentially RB 12456 306 4 a a DT 12456 306 5 literature literature NN 12456 306 6 of of IN 12456 306 7 artificiality artificiality NN 12456 306 8 and and CC 12456 306 9 polish polish NN 12456 306 10 . . . 12456 307 1 Its -PRON- PRP$ 12456 307 2 importance importance NN 12456 307 3 consists consist VBZ 12456 307 4 in in IN 12456 307 5 the the DT 12456 307 6 fact fact NN 12456 307 7 that that IN 12456 307 8 it -PRON- PRP 12456 307 9 was be VBD 12456 307 10 the the DT 12456 307 11 first first JJ 12456 307 12 literature literature NN 12456 307 13 to to TO 12456 307 14 emphasise emphasise VB 12456 307 15 the the DT 12456 307 16 value value NN 12456 307 17 of of IN 12456 307 18 form form NN 12456 307 19 in in IN 12456 307 20 poetry poetry NN 12456 307 21 , , , 12456 307 22 to to TO 12456 307 23 formulate formulate VB 12456 307 24 rules rule NNS 12456 307 25 , , , 12456 307 26 and and CC 12456 307 27 , , , 12456 307 28 in in IN 12456 307 29 short short JJ 12456 307 30 , , , 12456 307 31 to to TO 12456 307 32 show show VB 12456 307 33 that that IN 12456 307 34 art art NN 12456 307 35 must must MD 12456 307 36 be be VB 12456 307 37 based base VBN 12456 307 38 upon upon IN 12456 307 39 scientific scientific JJ 12456 307 40 knowledge knowledge NN 12456 307 41 . . . 12456 308 1 The the DT 12456 308 2 work work NN 12456 308 3 of of IN 12456 308 4 the the DT 12456 308 5 troubadours troubadour NNS 12456 308 6 in in IN 12456 308 7 these these DT 12456 308 8 respects respect NNS 12456 308 9 left leave VBD 12456 308 10 an an DT 12456 308 11 indelible indelible JJ 12456 308 12 impression impression NN 12456 308 13 upon upon IN 12456 308 14 the the DT 12456 308 15 general general JJ 12456 308 16 course course NN 12456 308 17 of of IN 12456 308 18 European european JJ 12456 308 19 literature literature NN 12456 308 20 . . . 12456 309 1 CHAPTER CHAPTER NNP 12456 309 2 IV IV NNP 12456 309 3 [ [ -LRB- 12456 309 4 41 41 CD 12456 309 5 ] ] -RRB- 12456 309 6 THE the DT 12456 309 7 EARLY early NN 12456 309 8 TROUBADOURS troubadour VBD 12456 309 9 The the DT 12456 309 10 earliest early JJS 12456 309 11 troubadour troubadour NN 12456 309 12 known know VBN 12456 309 13 to to IN 12456 309 14 us -PRON- PRP 12456 309 15 is be VBZ 12456 309 16 William William NNP 12456 309 17 IX IX NNP 12456 309 18 , , , 12456 309 19 Count Count NNP 12456 309 20 of of IN 12456 309 21 Poitiers Poitiers NNP 12456 309 22 ( ( -LRB- 12456 309 23 1071 1071 CD 12456 309 24 - - SYM 12456 309 25 1127 1127 CD 12456 309 26 ) ) -RRB- 12456 309 27 who who WP 12456 309 28 led lead VBD 12456 309 29 an an DT 12456 309 30 army army NN 12456 309 31 of of IN 12456 309 32 thirty thirty CD 12456 309 33 thousand thousand CD 12456 309 34 men man NNS 12456 309 35 to to IN 12456 309 36 the the DT 12456 309 37 unfortunate unfortunate JJ 12456 309 38 crusade crusade NN 12456 309 39 of of IN 12456 309 40 1101 1101 CD 12456 309 41 . . . 12456 310 1 He -PRON- PRP 12456 310 2 lived live VBD 12456 310 3 an an DT 12456 310 4 adventurous adventurous JJ 12456 310 5 and and CC 12456 310 6 often often RB 12456 310 7 an an DT 12456 310 8 unedifying unedifye VBG 12456 310 9 life life NN 12456 310 10 , , , 12456 310 11 and and CC 12456 310 12 seems seem VBZ 12456 310 13 to to TO 12456 310 14 have have VB 12456 310 15 been be VBN 12456 310 16 a a DT 12456 310 17 jovial jovial JJ 12456 310 18 sensualist sensualist NN 12456 310 19 caring care VBG 12456 310 20 little little JJ 12456 310 21 what what WDT 12456 310 22 kind kind NN 12456 310 23 of of IN 12456 310 24 reputation reputation NN 12456 310 25 he -PRON- PRP 12456 310 26 might may MD 12456 310 27 obtain obtain VB 12456 310 28 in in IN 12456 310 29 the the DT 12456 310 30 eyes eye NNS 12456 310 31 of of IN 12456 310 32 the the DT 12456 310 33 world world NN 12456 310 34 about about IN 12456 310 35 him -PRON- PRP 12456 310 36 . . . 12456 311 1 William William NNP 12456 311 2 of of IN 12456 311 3 Malmesbury Malmesbury NNP 12456 311 4 gives give VBZ 12456 311 5 an an DT 12456 311 6 account account NN 12456 311 7 of of IN 12456 311 8 him -PRON- PRP 12456 311 9 which which WDT 12456 311 10 is be VBZ 12456 311 11 the the DT 12456 311 12 reverse reverse NN 12456 311 13 of of IN 12456 311 14 respectable respectable JJ 12456 311 15 . . . 12456 312 1 His -PRON- PRP$ 12456 312 2 poems poem NNS 12456 312 3 , , , 12456 312 4 of of IN 12456 312 5 which which WDT 12456 312 6 twelve twelve CD 12456 312 7 survive survive VBP 12456 312 8 , , , 12456 312 9 are be VBP 12456 312 10 , , , 12456 312 11 to to IN 12456 312 12 some some DT 12456 312 13 extent extent NN 12456 312 14 , , , 12456 312 15 a a DT 12456 312 16 reflection reflection NN 12456 312 17 of of IN 12456 312 18 this this DT 12456 312 19 character character NN 12456 312 20 , , , 12456 312 21 and and CC 12456 312 22 present present VB 12456 312 23 a a DT 12456 312 24 mixture mixture NN 12456 312 25 of of IN 12456 312 26 coarseness coarseness NN 12456 312 27 and and CC 12456 312 28 delicate delicate JJ 12456 312 29 sentiment sentiment NN 12456 312 30 which which WDT 12456 312 31 are be VBP 12456 312 32 in in IN 12456 312 33 strangely strangely RB 12456 312 34 discordant discordant JJ 12456 312 35 contrast contrast NN 12456 312 36 . . . 12456 313 1 His -PRON- PRP$ 12456 313 2 versification versification NN 12456 313 3 is be VBZ 12456 313 4 of of IN 12456 313 5 an an DT 12456 313 6 early early JJ 12456 313 7 type type NN 12456 313 8 ; ; : 12456 313 9 the the DT 12456 313 10 principle principle NN 12456 313 11 of of IN 12456 313 12 tripartition tripartition NN 12456 313 13 , , , 12456 313 14 which which WDT 12456 313 15 became become VBD 12456 313 16 predominant predominant JJ 12456 313 17 in in IN 12456 313 18 troubadour troubadour JJ 12456 313 19 poetry poetry NN 12456 313 20 at at IN 12456 313 21 a a DT 12456 313 22 later later JJ 12456 313 23 date date NN 12456 313 24 , , , 12456 313 25 is be VBZ 12456 313 26 hardly hardly RB 12456 313 27 perceptible perceptible JJ 12456 313 28 in in IN 12456 313 29 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 313 30 poems poem NNS 12456 313 31 . . . 12456 314 1 The the DT 12456 314 2 chief chief JJ 12456 314 3 point point NN 12456 314 4 of of IN 12456 314 5 interest interest NN 12456 314 6 in in IN 12456 314 7 them -PRON- PRP 12456 314 8 is be VBZ 12456 314 9 the the DT 12456 314 10 fact fact NN 12456 314 11 that that IN 12456 314 12 their -PRON- PRP$ 12456 314 13 comparative comparative JJ 12456 314 14 perfection perfection NN 12456 314 15 of of IN 12456 314 16 form form NN 12456 314 17 implies imply VBZ 12456 314 18 a a DT 12456 314 19 long long JJ 12456 314 20 anterior anterior JJ 12456 314 21 course course NN 12456 314 22 of of IN 12456 314 23 development development NN 12456 314 24 for for IN 12456 314 25 troubadour troubadour JJ 12456 314 26 poetry poetry NN 12456 314 27 , , , 12456 314 28 while while IN 12456 314 29 we -PRON- PRP 12456 314 30 also also RB 12456 314 31 find find VBP 12456 314 32 him -PRON- PRP 12456 314 33 employing employ VBG 12456 314 34 , , , 12456 314 35 though though IN 12456 314 36 in in IN 12456 314 37 undeveloped undeveloped JJ 12456 314 38 form form NN 12456 314 39 , , , 12456 314 40 the the DT 12456 314 41 chief chief JJ 12456 314 42 ideas idea NNS 12456 314 43 which which WDT 12456 314 44 afterwards afterwards RB 12456 314 45 became become VBD 12456 314 46 commonplaces commonplace NNS 12456 314 47 among among IN 12456 314 48 the the DT 12456 314 49 troubadours troubadour NNS 12456 314 50 . . . 12456 315 1 The the DT 12456 315 2 half half JJ 12456 315 3 mystical mystical JJ 12456 315 4 exaltation exaltation NN 12456 315 5 inspired inspire VBN 12456 315 6 by by IN 12456 315 7 love love NN 12456 315 8 is be VBZ 12456 315 9 already already RB 12456 315 10 known know VBN 12456 315 11 to to IN 12456 315 12 William William NNP 12456 315 13 IX IX NNP 12456 315 14 . . . 12456 316 1 as as IN 12456 316 2 _ _ NNP 12456 316 3 joi joi NNP 12456 316 4 _ _ NNP 12456 316 5 , , , 12456 316 6 and and CC 12456 316 7 he -PRON- PRP 12456 316 8 is be VBZ 12456 316 9 [ [ -LRB- 12456 316 10 42 42 CD 12456 316 11 ] ] -RRB- 12456 316 12 acquainted acquaint VBN 12456 316 13 with with IN 12456 316 14 the the DT 12456 316 15 service service NN 12456 316 16 of of IN 12456 316 17 love love NN 12456 316 18 under under IN 12456 316 19 feudal feudal JJ 12456 316 20 conditions condition NNS 12456 316 21 . . . 12456 317 1 The the DT 12456 317 2 conventional conventional JJ 12456 317 3 attitudes attitude NNS 12456 317 4 of of IN 12456 317 5 the the DT 12456 317 6 lady lady NN 12456 317 7 and and CC 12456 317 8 the the DT 12456 317 9 lover lover NN 12456 317 10 are be VBP 12456 317 11 also also RB 12456 317 12 taken take VBN 12456 317 13 for for IN 12456 317 14 granted grant VBN 12456 317 15 , , , 12456 317 16 the the DT 12456 317 17 lady lady NN 12456 317 18 disdainful disdainful JJ 12456 317 19 and and CC 12456 317 20 unbending unbending JJ 12456 317 21 , , , 12456 317 22 the the DT 12456 317 23 lover lover NN 12456 317 24 timid timid JJ 12456 317 25 and and CC 12456 317 26 relying rely VBG 12456 317 27 upon upon IN 12456 317 28 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 317 29 patience patience NN 12456 317 30 . . . 12456 318 1 The the DT 12456 318 2 lady lady NN 12456 318 3 is be VBZ 12456 318 4 praised praise VBN 12456 318 5 for for IN 12456 318 6 her -PRON- PRP$ 12456 318 7 outward outward JJ 12456 318 8 qualities quality NNS 12456 318 9 , , , 12456 318 10 her -PRON- PRP$ 12456 318 11 " " `` 12456 318 12 kindly kindly RB 12456 318 13 welcome welcome UH 12456 318 14 , , , 12456 318 15 her -PRON- PRP$ 12456 318 16 gracious gracious JJ 12456 318 17 and and CC 12456 318 18 pleasing pleasing JJ 12456 318 19 look look NN 12456 318 20 " " '' 12456 318 21 and and CC 12456 318 22 love love VB 12456 318 23 for for IN 12456 318 24 her -PRON- PRP 12456 318 25 is be VBZ 12456 318 26 considered consider VBN 12456 318 27 to to TO 12456 318 28 be be VB 12456 318 29 the the DT 12456 318 30 inspiration inspiration NN 12456 318 31 of of IN 12456 318 32 nobility nobility NN 12456 318 33 in in IN 12456 318 34 the the DT 12456 318 35 lover lover NN 12456 318 36 . . . 12456 319 1 But but CC 12456 319 2 these these DT 12456 319 3 ideas idea NNS 12456 319 4 are be VBP 12456 319 5 not not RB 12456 319 6 carried carry VBN 12456 319 7 to to IN 12456 319 8 the the DT 12456 319 9 extravagant extravagant JJ 12456 319 10 lengths length NNS 12456 319 11 to to TO 12456 319 12 which which WDT 12456 319 13 later later JJ 12456 319 14 poets poet NNS 12456 319 15 pushed push VBD 12456 319 16 them -PRON- PRP 12456 319 17 ; ; : 12456 319 18 William William NNP 12456 319 19 's 's POS 12456 319 20 sensual sensual JJ 12456 319 21 leanings leaning NNS 12456 319 22 are be VBP 12456 319 23 enough enough JJ 12456 319 24 to to TO 12456 319 25 counterbalance counterbalance VB 12456 319 26 any any DT 12456 319 27 tendency tendency NN 12456 319 28 to to IN 12456 319 29 such such JJ 12456 319 30 exaggeration exaggeration NN 12456 319 31 . . . 12456 320 1 The the DT 12456 320 2 conventional conventional JJ 12456 320 3 opening opening NN 12456 320 4 of of IN 12456 320 5 a a DT 12456 320 6 love love NN 12456 320 7 poem poem NN 12456 320 8 by by IN 12456 320 9 a a DT 12456 320 10 description description NN 12456 320 11 of of IN 12456 320 12 spring spring NN 12456 320 13 is be VBZ 12456 320 14 also also RB 12456 320 15 in in IN 12456 320 16 evidence evidence NN 12456 320 17 ; ; : 12456 320 18 in in IN 12456 320 19 short short JJ 12456 320 20 , , , 12456 320 21 the the DT 12456 320 22 commonplaces commonplace NNS 12456 320 23 , , , 12456 320 24 the the DT 12456 320 25 technical technical JJ 12456 320 26 language language NN 12456 320 27 and and CC 12456 320 28 formulae formulae NNP 12456 320 29 of of IN 12456 320 30 later late JJR 12456 320 31 Provençal Provençal NNP 12456 320 32 lyrics lyric NNS 12456 320 33 were be VBD 12456 320 34 in in IN 12456 320 35 existence existence NN 12456 320 36 during during IN 12456 320 37 the the DT 12456 320 38 age age NN 12456 320 39 of of IN 12456 320 40 this this DT 12456 320 41 first first JJ 12456 320 42 troubadour troubadour NN 12456 320 43 . . . 12456 321 1 Next next RB 12456 321 2 in in IN 12456 321 3 point point NN 12456 321 4 of of IN 12456 321 5 time time NN 12456 321 6 is be VBZ 12456 321 7 the the DT 12456 321 8 troubadour troubadour JJ 12456 321 9 Cercamon Cercamon NNP 12456 321 10 , , , 12456 321 11 of of IN 12456 321 12 whom whom WP 12456 321 13 we -PRON- PRP 12456 321 14 know know VBP 12456 321 15 very very RB 12456 321 16 little little JJ 12456 321 17 ; ; : 12456 321 18 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 321 19 poems poem NNS 12456 321 20 , , , 12456 321 21 as as IN 12456 321 22 we -PRON- PRP 12456 321 23 have have VBP 12456 321 24 them -PRON- PRP 12456 321 25 , , , 12456 321 26 seem seem VBP 12456 321 27 to to TO 12456 321 28 fall fall VB 12456 321 29 between between IN 12456 321 30 the the DT 12456 321 31 years year NNS 12456 321 32 1137 1137 CD 12456 321 33 and and CC 12456 321 34 1152 1152 CD 12456 321 35 ; ; : 12456 321 36 one one CD 12456 321 37 of of IN 12456 321 38 them -PRON- PRP 12456 321 39 is be VBZ 12456 321 40 a a DT 12456 321 41 lament lament NN 12456 321 42 upon upon IN 12456 321 43 the the DT 12456 321 44 death death NN 12456 321 45 of of IN 12456 321 46 William William NNP 12456 321 47 X. X. NNP 12456 321 48 of of IN 12456 321 49 Aquitaine Aquitaine NNP 12456 321 50 , , , 12456 321 51 the the DT 12456 321 52 son son NN 12456 321 53 of of IN 12456 321 54 the the DT 12456 321 55 notorious notorious JJ 12456 321 56 Count Count NNP 12456 321 57 of of IN 12456 321 58 Poitiers Poitiers NNP 12456 321 59 , , , 12456 321 60 and and CC 12456 321 61 another another DT 12456 321 62 alludes allude NNS 12456 321 63 to to IN 12456 321 64 the the DT 12456 321 65 marriage marriage NN 12456 321 66 of of IN 12456 321 67 Eleanor Eleanor NNP 12456 321 68 of of IN 12456 321 69 Aquitaine Aquitaine NNP 12456 321 70 , , , 12456 321 71 the the DT 12456 321 72 daughter daughter NN 12456 321 73 of of IN 12456 321 74 William William NNP 12456 321 75 X. X. NNP 12456 322 1 According accord VBG 12456 322 2 to to IN 12456 322 3 the the DT 12456 322 4 Provençal Provençal NNP 12456 322 5 biography biography NN 12456 322 6 he -PRON- PRP 12456 322 7 was be VBD 12456 322 8 the the DT 12456 322 9 instructor instructor NN 12456 322 10 of of IN 12456 322 11 a a DT 12456 322 12 more more RBR 12456 322 13 interesting interesting JJ 12456 322 14 and and CC 12456 322 15 original original JJ 12456 322 16 troubadour troubadour JJ 12456 322 17 Marcabrun Marcabrun NNP 12456 322 18 , , , 12456 322 19 whose whose WP$ 12456 322 20 active active JJ 12456 322 21 life life NN 12456 322 22 [ [ -LRB- 12456 322 23 43 43 CD 12456 322 24 ] ] -RRB- 12456 322 25 extended extend VBN 12456 322 26 from from IN 12456 322 27 1150 1150 CD 12456 322 28 to to IN 12456 322 29 1195 1195 CD 12456 322 30 . . . 12456 323 1 Many many JJ 12456 323 2 of of IN 12456 323 3 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 323 4 poems poem NNS 12456 323 5 are be VBP 12456 323 6 extremely extremely RB 12456 323 7 obscure obscure JJ 12456 323 8 ; ; : 12456 323 9 he -PRON- PRP 12456 323 10 was be VBD 12456 323 11 one one CD 12456 323 12 of of IN 12456 323 13 the the DT 12456 323 14 first first JJ 12456 323 15 to to TO 12456 323 16 affect affect VB 12456 323 17 the the DT 12456 323 18 _ _ NNP 12456 323 19 trobar trobar NN 12456 323 20 clus clus NN 12456 323 21 _ _ NNP 12456 323 22 . . . 12456 324 1 He -PRON- PRP 12456 324 2 was be VBD 12456 324 3 also also RB 12456 324 4 the the DT 12456 324 5 author author NN 12456 324 6 of of IN 12456 324 7 violent violent JJ 12456 324 8 invectives invective NNS 12456 324 9 against against IN 12456 324 10 the the DT 12456 324 11 passion passion NN 12456 324 12 of of IN 12456 324 13 love-- love-- NNP 12456 324 14 Que Que NNP 12456 324 15 anc anc NNP 12456 324 16 non non AFX 12456 324 17 amet amet NNP 12456 324 18 neguna neguna NNP 12456 324 19 Ni Ni NNP 12456 324 20 d'autra d'autra NNP 12456 324 21 no no DT 12456 324 22 fon fon NN 12456 324 23 amatz-- amatz-- RB 12456 324 24 " " `` 12456 324 25 Who who WP 12456 324 26 never never RB 12456 324 27 loved love VBD 12456 324 28 any any DT 12456 324 29 woman woman NN 12456 324 30 nor nor CC 12456 324 31 was be VBD 12456 324 32 loved love VBN 12456 324 33 of of IN 12456 324 34 any any DT 12456 324 35 . . . 12456 324 36 " " '' 12456 325 1 This this DT 12456 325 2 aversion aversion NN 12456 325 3 to to IN 12456 325 4 the the DT 12456 325 5 main main JJ 12456 325 6 theme theme NN 12456 325 7 of of IN 12456 325 8 troubadour troubadour JJ 12456 325 9 poetry poetry NN 12456 325 10 is be VBZ 12456 325 11 Marcabrun Marcabrun NNP 12456 325 12 's 's POS 12456 325 13 most most RBS 12456 325 14 striking striking JJ 12456 325 15 characteristic characteristic NN 12456 325 16 . . . 12456 326 1 Amors amor NNS 12456 326 2 es es SYM 12456 326 3 mout mout NN 12456 326 4 de de NNP 12456 326 5 mal mal NNP 12456 326 6 avi avi NNP 12456 326 7 ; ; : 12456 326 8 Mil Mil NNP 12456 326 9 homes home VBZ 12456 326 10 a a DT 12456 326 11 mortz mortz NN 12456 326 12 ses se VBZ 12456 326 13 glavi glavi NN 12456 326 14 ; ; : 12456 326 15 Dieus Dieus NNP 12456 326 16 non non AFX 12456 326 17 fetz fetz NNP 12456 326 18 tant tant NNP 12456 326 19 fort fort NNP 12456 326 20 gramavi gramavi NNP 12456 326 21 . . . 12456 327 1 " " `` 12456 327 2 Love love NN 12456 327 3 is be VBZ 12456 327 4 of of IN 12456 327 5 a a DT 12456 327 6 detestable detestable JJ 12456 327 7 lineage lineage NN 12456 327 8 ; ; : 12456 327 9 he -PRON- PRP 12456 327 10 has have VBZ 12456 327 11 killed kill VBN 12456 327 12 thousands thousand NNS 12456 327 13 of of IN 12456 327 14 men man NNS 12456 327 15 without without IN 12456 327 16 a a DT 12456 327 17 sword sword NN 12456 327 18 . . . 12456 328 1 God God NNP 12456 328 2 has have VBZ 12456 328 3 created create VBN 12456 328 4 no no DT 12456 328 5 more more RBR 12456 328 6 terrible terrible JJ 12456 328 7 enchanter enchanter NN 12456 328 8 . . . 12456 328 9 " " '' 12456 329 1 These these DT 12456 329 2 invectives invective NNS 12456 329 3 may may MD 12456 329 4 have have VB 12456 329 5 been be VBN 12456 329 6 the the DT 12456 329 7 outcome outcome NN 12456 329 8 of of IN 12456 329 9 personal personal JJ 12456 329 10 disappointment disappointment NN 12456 329 11 ; ; : 12456 329 12 the the DT 12456 329 13 theory theory NN 12456 329 14 has have VBZ 12456 329 15 also also RB 12456 329 16 been be VBN 12456 329 17 advanced advance VBN 12456 329 18 that that IN 12456 329 19 the the DT 12456 329 20 troubadour troubadour JJ 12456 329 21 idea idea NN 12456 329 22 of of IN 12456 329 23 love love NN 12456 329 24 had have VBD 12456 329 25 not not RB 12456 329 26 yet yet RB 12456 329 27 secured secure VBN 12456 329 28 universal universal JJ 12456 329 29 recognition recognition NN 12456 329 30 , , , 12456 329 31 and and CC 12456 329 32 that that IN 12456 329 33 Marcabrun Marcabrun NNP 12456 329 34 is be VBZ 12456 329 35 one one CD 12456 329 36 who who WP 12456 329 37 strove strove VBP 12456 329 38 to to TO 12456 329 39 prevent prevent VB 12456 329 40 it -PRON- PRP 12456 329 41 from from IN 12456 329 42 becoming become VBG 12456 329 43 the the DT 12456 329 44 dominant dominant JJ 12456 329 45 theme theme NN 12456 329 46 of of IN 12456 329 47 lyric lyric NN 12456 329 48 poetry poetry NN 12456 329 49 . . . 12456 330 1 His -PRON- PRP$ 12456 330 2 best well RBS 12456 330 3 known known JJ 12456 330 4 poem poem NN 12456 330 5 was be VBD 12456 330 6 the the DT 12456 330 7 " " `` 12456 330 8 Starling Starling NNP 12456 330 9 , , , 12456 330 10 " " '' 12456 330 11 which which WDT 12456 330 12 consists consist VBZ 12456 330 13 of of IN 12456 330 14 two two CD 12456 330 15 parts part NNS 12456 330 16 , , , 12456 330 17 an an DT 12456 330 18 unusual unusual JJ 12456 330 19 form form NN 12456 330 20 of of IN 12456 330 21 composition composition NN 12456 330 22 . . . 12456 331 1 In in IN 12456 331 2 the the DT 12456 331 3 first first JJ 12456 331 4 part part NN 12456 331 5 the the DT 12456 331 6 troubadour troubadour NN 12456 331 7 sends send VBZ 12456 331 8 the the DT 12456 331 9 starling starling NN 12456 331 10 to to IN 12456 331 11 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 331 12 love love NN 12456 331 13 to to TO 12456 331 14 reproach reproach VB 12456 331 15 her -PRON- PRP 12456 331 16 for for IN 12456 331 17 unfaithfulness unfaithfulness NN 12456 331 18 , , , 12456 331 19 and and CC 12456 331 20 to to TO 12456 331 21 recommend recommend VB 12456 331 22 himself -PRON- PRP 12456 331 23 to to IN 12456 331 24 her -PRON- PRP$ 12456 331 25 favour favour NN 12456 331 26 ; ; : 12456 331 27 the the DT 12456 331 28 bird bird NN 12456 331 29 returns return VBZ 12456 331 30 , , , 12456 331 31 and and CC 12456 331 32 in in IN 12456 331 33 the the DT 12456 331 34 second second JJ 12456 331 35 part part NN 12456 331 36 offers offer VBZ 12456 331 37 excuses excuse NNS 12456 331 38 from from IN 12456 331 39 the the DT 12456 331 40 [ [ -LRB- 12456 331 41 44 44 CD 12456 331 42 ] ] -RRB- 12456 331 43 lady lady NN 12456 331 44 and and CC 12456 331 45 brings bring VBZ 12456 331 46 an an DT 12456 331 47 invitation invitation NN 12456 331 48 from from IN 12456 331 49 her -PRON- PRP 12456 331 50 to to IN 12456 331 51 a a DT 12456 331 52 meeting meeting NN 12456 331 53 the the DT 12456 331 54 next next JJ 12456 331 55 day day NN 12456 331 56 . . . 12456 332 1 Marcabrun marcabrun NN 12456 332 2 knows know VBZ 12456 332 3 the the DT 12456 332 4 technical technical JJ 12456 332 5 terms term NNS 12456 332 6 _ _ NNP 12456 332 7 cortesia cortesia NNP 12456 332 8 _ _ NNP 12456 332 9 and and CC 12456 332 10 _ _ NNP 12456 332 11 mesura mesura NNP 12456 332 12 _ _ NNP 12456 332 13 , , , 12456 332 14 which which WDT 12456 332 15 he -PRON- PRP 12456 332 16 defines define VBZ 12456 332 17 : : : 12456 332 18 _ _ NNP 12456 332 19 mesura mesura NNP 12456 332 20 _ _ NNP 12456 332 21 , , , 12456 332 22 self self NN 12456 332 23 - - HYPH 12456 332 24 control control NN 12456 332 25 or or CC 12456 332 26 moderation moderation NN 12456 332 27 , , , 12456 332 28 " " '' 12456 332 29 consists consist VBZ 12456 332 30 in in IN 12456 332 31 nicety nicety NN 12456 332 32 of of IN 12456 332 33 speech speech NN 12456 332 34 , , , 12456 332 35 courtesy courtesy NN 12456 332 36 in in IN 12456 332 37 loving loving NN 12456 332 38 . . . 12456 333 1 He -PRON- PRP 12456 333 2 may may MD 12456 333 3 boast boast VB 12456 333 4 of of IN 12456 333 5 courtesy courtesy NN 12456 333 6 who who WP 12456 333 7 can can MD 12456 333 8 maintain maintain VB 12456 333 9 moderation moderation NN 12456 333 10 . . . 12456 333 11 " " '' 12456 334 1 The the DT 12456 334 2 poem poem NN 12456 334 3 concludes conclude VBZ 12456 334 4 with with IN 12456 334 5 a a DT 12456 334 6 dedication dedication NN 12456 334 7 to to IN 12456 334 8 Jaufre Jaufre NNP 12456 334 9 Rudel-- rudel-- VB 12456 334 10 Lo Lo NNP 12456 334 11 vers ver VBZ 12456 334 12 e·l e·l NNP 12456 334 13 son son NN 12456 334 14 vueill vueill NN 12456 334 15 envier envi JJR 12456 334 16 A'n A'n NNS 12456 334 17 Jaufre Jaufre NNP 12456 334 18 Rudel Rudel NNP 12456 334 19 outra outra JJ 12456 334 20 mar mar NNP 12456 334 21 . . . 12456 335 1 " " `` 12456 335 2 The the DT 12456 335 3 words word NNS 12456 335 4 and and CC 12456 335 5 the the DT 12456 335 6 tune tune NN 12456 335 7 I -PRON- PRP 12456 335 8 wish wish VBP 12456 335 9 to to TO 12456 335 10 send send VB 12456 335 11 to to IN 12456 335 12 Jaufre Jaufre NNP 12456 335 13 Rudel Rudel NNP 12456 335 14 beyond beyond IN 12456 335 15 the the DT 12456 335 16 sea sea NN 12456 335 17 . . . 12456 335 18 " " '' 12456 336 1 This this DT 12456 336 2 was be VBD 12456 336 3 the the DT 12456 336 4 troubadour troubadour JJ 12456 336 5 whom whom WP 12456 336 6 Petrarch Petrarch NNP 12456 336 7 has have VBZ 12456 336 8 made make VBN 12456 336 9 famous-- famous-- JJ 12456 336 10 Jaufre Jaufre NNP 12456 336 11 Rudel Rudel NNP 12456 336 12 che che NNP 12456 336 13 usò usò NNP 12456 336 14 la la NNP 12456 336 15 vela vela NNP 12456 336 16 e'l e'l RB 12456 336 17 remo remo VB 12456 336 18 A a DT 12456 336 19 cercar cercar NN 12456 336 20 la la FW 12456 336 21 sua sua NN 12456 336 22 morte morte NNP 12456 336 23 . . . 12456 337 1 His -PRON- PRP$ 12456 337 2 romantic romantic JJ 12456 337 3 story story NN 12456 337 4 is be VBZ 12456 337 5 as as IN 12456 337 6 follows follow VBZ 12456 337 7 in in IN 12456 337 8 the the DT 12456 337 9 words word NNS 12456 337 10 of of IN 12456 337 11 the the DT 12456 337 12 Provençal Provençal NNP 12456 337 13 biography biography NN 12456 337 14 : : : 12456 337 15 " " `` 12456 337 16 Jaufre Jaufre NNP 12456 337 17 Rudel Rudel NNP 12456 337 18 of of IN 12456 337 19 Blaya Blaya NNP 12456 337 20 was be VBD 12456 337 21 a a DT 12456 337 22 very very RB 12456 337 23 noble noble JJ 12456 337 24 man man NN 12456 337 25 , , , 12456 337 26 the the DT 12456 337 27 Prince Prince NNP 12456 337 28 of of IN 12456 337 29 Blaya Blaya NNP 12456 337 30 ; ; : 12456 337 31 he -PRON- PRP 12456 337 32 fell fall VBD 12456 337 33 in in IN 12456 337 34 love love NN 12456 337 35 with with IN 12456 337 36 the the DT 12456 337 37 Countess Countess NNP 12456 337 38 of of IN 12456 337 39 Tripoli Tripoli NNP 12456 337 40 , , , 12456 337 41 though though IN 12456 337 42 he -PRON- PRP 12456 337 43 had have VBD 12456 337 44 never never RB 12456 337 45 seen see VBN 12456 337 46 her -PRON- PRP 12456 337 47 , , , 12456 337 48 for for IN 12456 337 49 the the DT 12456 337 50 good good JJ 12456 337 51 report report NN 12456 337 52 that that IN 12456 337 53 he -PRON- PRP 12456 337 54 had have VBD 12456 337 55 of of IN 12456 337 56 her -PRON- PRP 12456 337 57 from from IN 12456 337 58 the the DT 12456 337 59 pilgrims pilgrim NNS 12456 337 60 who who WP 12456 337 61 came come VBD 12456 337 62 from from IN 12456 337 63 Antioch Antioch NNP 12456 337 64 , , , 12456 337 65 and and CC 12456 337 66 he -PRON- PRP 12456 337 67 made make VBD 12456 337 68 many many JJ 12456 337 69 poems poem NNS 12456 337 70 concerning concern VBG 12456 337 71 her -PRON- PRP 12456 337 72 with with IN 12456 337 73 good good JJ 12456 337 74 tunes tune NNS 12456 337 75 but but CC 12456 337 76 poor poor JJ 12456 337 77 words word NNS 12456 337 78 . . . 12456 338 1 [ [ -LRB- 12456 338 2 18 18 CD 12456 338 3 ] ] -RRB- 12456 338 4 And and CC 12456 338 5 from from IN 12456 338 6 desire desire NN 12456 338 7 to to TO 12456 338 8 see see VB 12456 338 9 her -PRON- PRP 12456 338 10 , , , 12456 338 11 he -PRON- PRP 12456 338 12 took take VBD 12456 338 13 the the DT 12456 338 14 cross cross NN 12456 338 15 and and CC 12456 338 16 went go VBD 12456 338 17 to to IN 12456 338 18 sea sea NN 12456 338 19 . . . 12456 339 1 And and CC 12456 339 2 in in IN 12456 339 3 the the DT 12456 339 4 ship ship NN 12456 339 5 great great JJ 12456 339 6 illness illness NN 12456 339 7 came come VBD 12456 339 8 upon upon IN 12456 339 9 him -PRON- PRP 12456 339 10 so so IN 12456 339 11 that that IN 12456 339 12 those those DT 12456 339 13 who who WP 12456 339 14 were be VBD 12456 339 15 with with IN 12456 339 16 him -PRON- PRP 12456 339 17 thought think VBD 12456 339 18 that that IN 12456 339 19 he -PRON- PRP 12456 339 20 was be VBD 12456 339 21 dead dead JJ 12456 339 22 in in IN 12456 339 23 the the DT 12456 339 24 ship ship NN 12456 339 25 ; ; : 12456 339 26 but but CC 12456 339 27 they -PRON- PRP 12456 339 28 [ [ -LRB- 12456 339 29 45 45 CD 12456 339 30 ] ] -RRB- 12456 339 31 succeeded succeed VBN 12456 339 32 in in IN 12456 339 33 bringing bring VBG 12456 339 34 him -PRON- PRP 12456 339 35 to to IN 12456 339 36 Tripoli Tripoli NNP 12456 339 37 , , , 12456 339 38 to to IN 12456 339 39 an an DT 12456 339 40 inn inn NN 12456 339 41 , , , 12456 339 42 as as IN 12456 339 43 one one CD 12456 339 44 dead dead NN 12456 339 45 . . . 12456 340 1 And and CC 12456 340 2 it -PRON- PRP 12456 340 3 was be VBD 12456 340 4 told tell VBN 12456 340 5 to to IN 12456 340 6 the the DT 12456 340 7 countess countess NN 12456 340 8 , , , 12456 340 9 and and CC 12456 340 10 she -PRON- PRP 12456 340 11 came come VBD 12456 340 12 to to IN 12456 340 13 him -PRON- PRP 12456 340 14 , , , 12456 340 15 to to IN 12456 340 16 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 340 17 bed bed NN 12456 340 18 , , , 12456 340 19 and and CC 12456 340 20 took take VBD 12456 340 21 him -PRON- PRP 12456 340 22 in in IN 12456 340 23 her -PRON- PRP$ 12456 340 24 arms arm NNS 12456 340 25 ; ; : 12456 340 26 and and CC 12456 340 27 he -PRON- PRP 12456 340 28 knew know VBD 12456 340 29 that that IN 12456 340 30 she -PRON- PRP 12456 340 31 was be VBD 12456 340 32 the the DT 12456 340 33 countess countess JJ 12456 340 34 , , , 12456 340 35 and and CC 12456 340 36 recovering recover VBG 12456 340 37 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 340 38 senses sense NNS 12456 340 39 , , , 12456 340 40 he -PRON- PRP 12456 340 41 praised praise VBD 12456 340 42 God God NNP 12456 340 43 and and CC 12456 340 44 gave give VBD 12456 340 45 thanks thank NNS 12456 340 46 that that IN 12456 340 47 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 340 48 life life NN 12456 340 49 had have VBD 12456 340 50 been be VBN 12456 340 51 sustained sustain VBN 12456 340 52 until until IN 12456 340 53 he -PRON- PRP 12456 340 54 had have VBD 12456 340 55 seen see VBN 12456 340 56 her -PRON- PRP 12456 340 57 ; ; : 12456 340 58 and and CC 12456 340 59 then then RB 12456 340 60 he -PRON- PRP 12456 340 61 died die VBD 12456 340 62 in in IN 12456 340 63 the the DT 12456 340 64 lady lady NN 12456 340 65 's 's POS 12456 340 66 arms arm NNS 12456 340 67 . . . 12456 341 1 And and CC 12456 341 2 she -PRON- PRP 12456 341 3 gave give VBD 12456 341 4 him -PRON- PRP 12456 341 5 honourable honourable JJ 12456 341 6 burial burial NN 12456 341 7 in in IN 12456 341 8 the the DT 12456 341 9 house house NN 12456 341 10 of of IN 12456 341 11 the the DT 12456 341 12 Temple Temple NNP 12456 341 13 , , , 12456 341 14 and and CC 12456 341 15 then then RB 12456 341 16 , , , 12456 341 17 on on IN 12456 341 18 that that DT 12456 341 19 day day NN 12456 341 20 , , , 12456 341 21 she -PRON- PRP 12456 341 22 took take VBD 12456 341 23 the the DT 12456 341 24 veil veil NN 12456 341 25 for for IN 12456 341 26 the the DT 12456 341 27 grief grief NN 12456 341 28 that that IN 12456 341 29 she -PRON- PRP 12456 341 30 had have VBD 12456 341 31 for for IN 12456 341 32 him -PRON- PRP 12456 341 33 and and CC 12456 341 34 for for IN 12456 341 35 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 341 36 death death NN 12456 341 37 . . . 12456 341 38 " " '' 12456 342 1 Jaufre Jaufre NNP 12456 342 2 's 's POS 12456 342 3 poems poem NNS 12456 342 4 contain contain VBP 12456 342 5 many many JJ 12456 342 6 references reference NNS 12456 342 7 to to IN 12456 342 8 a a DT 12456 342 9 " " `` 12456 342 10 distant distant JJ 12456 342 11 love love NN 12456 342 12 " " '' 12456 342 13 which which WDT 12456 342 14 he -PRON- PRP 12456 342 15 will will MD 12456 342 16 never never RB 12456 342 17 see see VB 12456 342 18 , , , 12456 342 19 " " '' 12456 342 20 for for IN 12456 342 21 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 342 22 destiny destiny NN 12456 342 23 is be VBZ 12456 342 24 to to TO 12456 342 25 love love VB 12456 342 26 without without IN 12456 342 27 being be VBG 12456 342 28 loved love VBN 12456 342 29 . . . 12456 342 30 " " '' 12456 343 1 Those those DT 12456 343 2 critics critic NNS 12456 343 3 who who WP 12456 343 4 accept accept VBP 12456 343 5 the the DT 12456 343 6 truth truth NN 12456 343 7 of of IN 12456 343 8 the the DT 12456 343 9 story story NN 12456 343 10 regard regard NN 12456 343 11 Melisanda Melisanda NNP 12456 343 12 , , , 12456 343 13 daughter daughter NN 12456 343 14 of of IN 12456 343 15 Raimon Raimon NNP 12456 343 16 I. I. NNP 12456 343 17 , , , 12456 343 18 Count Count NNP 12456 343 19 of of IN 12456 343 20 Tripoli Tripoli NNP 12456 343 21 , , , 12456 343 22 as as IN 12456 343 23 the the DT 12456 343 24 heroine heroine NN 12456 343 25 ; ; : 12456 343 26 but but CC 12456 343 27 the the DT 12456 343 28 biography biography NN 12456 343 29 must must MD 12456 343 30 be be VB 12456 343 31 used use VBN 12456 343 32 with with IN 12456 343 33 great great JJ 12456 343 34 caution caution NN 12456 343 35 as as IN 12456 343 36 a a DT 12456 343 37 historical historical JJ 12456 343 38 source source NN 12456 343 39 , , , 12456 343 40 and and CC 12456 343 41 the the DT 12456 343 42 mention mention NN 12456 343 43 of of IN 12456 343 44 the the DT 12456 343 45 house house NN 12456 343 46 of of IN 12456 343 47 the the DT 12456 343 48 order order NN 12456 343 49 of of IN 12456 343 50 Templars templar NNS 12456 343 51 in in IN 12456 343 52 which which WDT 12456 343 53 Jaufre Jaufre NNP 12456 343 54 is be VBZ 12456 343 55 said say VBN 12456 343 56 to to TO 12456 343 57 have have VB 12456 343 58 been be VBN 12456 343 59 buried bury VBN 12456 343 60 raises raise VBZ 12456 343 61 a a DT 12456 343 62 difficulty difficulty NN 12456 343 63 ; ; : 12456 343 64 it -PRON- PRP 12456 343 65 was be VBD 12456 343 66 erected erect VBN 12456 343 67 in in IN 12456 343 68 1118 1118 CD 12456 343 69 , , , 12456 343 70 and and CC 12456 343 71 in in IN 12456 343 72 the the DT 12456 343 73 year year NN 12456 343 74 1200 1200 CD 12456 343 75 the the DT 12456 343 76 County County NNP 12456 343 77 of of IN 12456 343 78 Tripoli Tripoli NNP 12456 343 79 was be VBD 12456 343 80 merged merge VBN 12456 343 81 in in IN 12456 343 82 that that DT 12456 343 83 of of IN 12456 343 84 Antioch Antioch NNP 12456 343 85 ; ; : 12456 343 86 of of IN 12456 343 87 the the DT 12456 343 88 Rudels Rudels NNPS 12456 343 89 of of IN 12456 343 90 Blaya Blaya NNP 12456 343 91 , , , 12456 343 92 historically historically RB 12456 343 93 known know VBN 12456 343 94 to to IN 12456 343 95 us -PRON- PRP 12456 343 96 , , , 12456 343 97 there there EX 12456 343 98 is be VBZ 12456 343 99 none none NN 12456 343 100 who who WP 12456 343 101 falls fall VBZ 12456 343 102 reasonably reasonably RB 12456 343 103 within within IN 12456 343 104 these these DT 12456 343 105 dates date NNS 12456 343 106 . . . 12456 344 1 The the DT 12456 344 2 probability probability NN 12456 344 3 is be VBZ 12456 344 4 that that IN 12456 344 5 the the DT 12456 344 6 constant constant JJ 12456 344 7 references reference NNS 12456 344 8 in in IN 12456 344 9 Jaufre Jaufre NNP 12456 344 10 's 's POS 12456 344 11 poems poem NNS 12456 344 12 to to IN 12456 344 13 an an DT 12456 344 14 unknown unknown JJ 12456 344 15 distant distant JJ 12456 344 16 love love NN 12456 344 17 , , , 12456 344 18 and and CC 12456 344 19 the the DT 12456 344 20 fact fact NN 12456 344 21 of of IN 12456 344 22 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 344 23 crusading crusade VBG 12456 344 24 expedition expedition NN 12456 344 25 to to IN 12456 344 26 the the DT 12456 344 27 Holy Holy NNP 12456 344 28 Land Land NNP 12456 344 29 , , , 12456 344 30 formed form VBN 12456 344 31 in in IN 12456 344 32 conjunction conjunction NN 12456 344 33 the the DT 12456 344 34 nucleus nucleus NN 12456 344 35 of of IN 12456 344 36 the the DT 12456 344 37 [ [ -LRB- 12456 344 38 46 46 CD 12456 344 39 ] ] -RRB- 12456 344 40 legend legend NN 12456 344 41 which which WDT 12456 344 42 grew grow VBD 12456 344 43 round round IN 12456 344 44 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 344 45 name name NN 12456 344 46 , , , 12456 344 47 and and CC 12456 344 48 which which WDT 12456 344 49 is be VBZ 12456 344 50 known know VBN 12456 344 51 to to IN 12456 344 52 all all DT 12456 344 53 readers reader NNS 12456 344 54 of of IN 12456 344 55 Carducci Carducci NNP 12456 344 56 , , , 12456 344 57 Uhland Uhland NNP 12456 344 58 and and CC 12456 344 59 Heine Heine NNP 12456 344 60 . . . 12456 345 1 Contemporary contemporary JJ 12456 345 2 with with IN 12456 345 3 Jaufre Jaufre NNP 12456 345 4 Rudel Rudel NNP 12456 345 5 was be VBD 12456 345 6 Bernard Bernard NNP 12456 345 7 de de IN 12456 345 8 Ventadour Ventadour NNP 12456 345 9 , , , 12456 345 10 one one CD 12456 345 11 of of IN 12456 345 12 the the DT 12456 345 13 greatest great JJS 12456 345 14 names name NNS 12456 345 15 in in IN 12456 345 16 Provençal Provençal NNP 12456 345 17 poetry poetry NN 12456 345 18 . . . 12456 346 1 According accord VBG 12456 346 2 to to IN 12456 346 3 the the DT 12456 346 4 biography biography NN 12456 346 5 , , , 12456 346 6 which which WDT 12456 346 7 betrays betray VBZ 12456 346 8 its -PRON- PRP$ 12456 346 9 untrustworthiness untrustworthiness NN 12456 346 10 by by IN 12456 346 11 contradicting contradict VBG 12456 346 12 the the DT 12456 346 13 facts fact NNS 12456 346 14 of of IN 12456 346 15 history history NN 12456 346 16 , , , 12456 346 17 Bernard Bernard NNP 12456 346 18 was be VBD 12456 346 19 the the DT 12456 346 20 son son NN 12456 346 21 of of IN 12456 346 22 the the DT 12456 346 23 furnace furnace NN 12456 346 24 stoker stoker NN 12456 346 25 at at IN 12456 346 26 the the DT 12456 346 27 castle castle NN 12456 346 28 of of IN 12456 346 29 Ventadour Ventadour NNP 12456 346 30 , , , 12456 346 31 under under IN 12456 346 32 the the DT 12456 346 33 Viscount Viscount NNP 12456 346 34 Ebles Ebles NNP 12456 346 35 II II NNP 12456 346 36 . . NNP 12456 346 37 , , , 12456 346 38 himself -PRON- PRP 12456 346 39 a a DT 12456 346 40 troubadour troubadour NN 12456 346 41 and and CC 12456 346 42 a a DT 12456 346 43 patron patron NN 12456 346 44 of of IN 12456 346 45 troubadours troubadour NNS 12456 346 46 . . . 12456 347 1 It -PRON- PRP 12456 347 2 was be VBD 12456 347 3 from from IN 12456 347 4 the the DT 12456 347 5 viscount viscount NN 12456 347 6 that that IN 12456 347 7 Bernard Bernard NNP 12456 347 8 received receive VBD 12456 347 9 instruction instruction NN 12456 347 10 in in IN 12456 347 11 the the DT 12456 347 12 troubadours troubadour NNS 12456 347 13 ' ' POS 12456 347 14 art art NN 12456 347 15 , , , 12456 347 16 and and CC 12456 347 17 to to IN 12456 347 18 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 347 19 patron patron NN 12456 347 20 's 's POS 12456 347 21 interest interest NN 12456 347 22 in in IN 12456 347 23 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 347 24 talents talent NNS 12456 347 25 he -PRON- PRP 12456 347 26 doubtless doubtless RB 12456 347 27 owed owe VBD 12456 347 28 the the DT 12456 347 29 opportunities opportunity NNS 12456 347 30 which which WDT 12456 347 31 he -PRON- PRP 12456 347 32 enjoyed enjoy VBD 12456 347 33 of of IN 12456 347 34 learning learn VBG 12456 347 35 to to TO 12456 347 36 read read VB 12456 347 37 and and CC 12456 347 38 write write VB 12456 347 39 , , , 12456 347 40 and and CC 12456 347 41 of of IN 12456 347 42 making make VBG 12456 347 43 acquaintance acquaintance NN 12456 347 44 with with IN 12456 347 45 such such JJ 12456 347 46 Latin latin JJ 12456 347 47 authors author NNS 12456 347 48 as as IN 12456 347 49 were be VBD 12456 347 50 currently currently RB 12456 347 51 read read VBN 12456 347 52 , , , 12456 347 53 or or CC 12456 347 54 with with IN 12456 347 55 the the DT 12456 347 56 anthologies anthology NNS 12456 347 57 and and CC 12456 347 58 books book NNS 12456 347 59 of of IN 12456 347 60 " " `` 12456 347 61 sentences sentence NNS 12456 347 62 " " '' 12456 347 63 then then RB 12456 347 64 used use VBN 12456 347 65 for for IN 12456 347 66 instruction instruction NN 12456 347 67 in in IN 12456 347 68 Latin Latin NNP 12456 347 69 . . . 12456 348 1 He -PRON- PRP 12456 348 2 soon soon RB 12456 348 3 outstripped outstrip VBD 12456 348 4 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 348 5 patron patron NN 12456 348 6 , , , 12456 348 7 to to IN 12456 348 8 whose whose WP$ 12456 348 9 wife wife NN 12456 348 10 , , , 12456 348 11 Agnes Agnes NNP 12456 348 12 de de NNP 12456 348 13 Montluçon Montluçon NNP 12456 348 14 , , , 12456 348 15 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 348 16 early early JJ 12456 348 17 poems poem NNS 12456 348 18 were be VBD 12456 348 19 addressed address VBN 12456 348 20 . . . 12456 349 1 His -PRON- PRP$ 12456 349 2 relations relation NNS 12456 349 3 with with IN 12456 349 4 the the DT 12456 349 5 lady lady NN 12456 349 6 and and CC 12456 349 7 with with IN 12456 349 8 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 349 9 patron patron NN 12456 349 10 were be VBD 12456 349 11 disturbed disturb VBN 12456 349 12 by by IN 12456 349 13 the the DT 12456 349 14 _ _ NNP 12456 349 15 lauzengiers lauzengier NNS 12456 349 16 _ _ NNP 12456 349 17 , , , 12456 349 18 the the DT 12456 349 19 slanderers slanderer NNS 12456 349 20 , , , 12456 349 21 the the DT 12456 349 22 envious envious JJ 12456 349 23 , , , 12456 349 24 and and CC 12456 349 25 the the DT 12456 349 26 backbiters backbiter NNS 12456 349 27 of of IN 12456 349 28 whom whom WP 12456 349 29 troubadours troubadour VBZ 12456 349 30 constantly constantly RB 12456 349 31 complain complain VBP 12456 349 32 , , , 12456 349 33 and and CC 12456 349 34 he -PRON- PRP 12456 349 35 was be VBD 12456 349 36 obliged oblige VBN 12456 349 37 to to TO 12456 349 38 leave leave VB 12456 349 39 Ventadour Ventadour NNP 12456 349 40 . . . 12456 350 1 He -PRON- PRP 12456 350 2 went go VBD 12456 350 3 to to IN 12456 350 4 the the DT 12456 350 5 court court NN 12456 350 6 of of IN 12456 350 7 Eleanor Eleanor NNP 12456 350 8 of of IN 12456 350 9 Aquitaine Aquitaine NNP 12456 350 10 , , , 12456 350 11 the the DT 12456 350 12 granddaughter granddaughter NN 12456 350 13 of of IN 12456 350 14 the the DT 12456 350 15 first first JJ 12456 350 16 troubadour troubadour NN 12456 350 17 , , , 12456 350 18 Guillaume Guillaume NNP 12456 350 19 IX IX NNP 12456 350 20 . . . 12456 351 1 of of IN 12456 351 2 Poitiers Poitiers NNP 12456 351 3 , , , 12456 351 4 who who WP 12456 351 5 by by IN 12456 351 6 tradition tradition NN 12456 351 7 and and CC 12456 351 8 temperament temperament NN 12456 351 9 was be VBD 12456 351 10 a a DT 12456 351 11 patroness patroness NN 12456 351 12 of of IN 12456 351 13 troubadours troubadour NNS 12456 351 14 , , , 12456 351 15 many many DT 12456 351 16 of of IN 12456 351 17 whom whom WP 12456 351 18 sang sing VBD 12456 351 19 her -PRON- PRP$ 12456 351 20 praises praise NNS 12456 351 21 . . . 12456 352 1 She -PRON- PRP 12456 352 2 had have VBD 12456 352 3 [ [ -LRB- 12456 352 4 47 47 CD 12456 352 5 ] ] -RRB- 12456 352 6 been be VBN 12456 352 7 divorced divorce VBN 12456 352 8 from from IN 12456 352 9 Louis Louis NNP 12456 352 10 VII VII NNP 12456 352 11 . . . 12456 353 1 of of IN 12456 353 2 France France NNP 12456 353 3 in in IN 12456 353 4 1152 1152 CD 12456 353 5 , , , 12456 353 6 and and CC 12456 353 7 married married NNP 12456 353 8 Henry Henry NNP 12456 353 9 , , , 12456 353 10 Duke Duke NNP 12456 353 11 of of IN 12456 353 12 Normandy Normandy NNP 12456 353 13 , , , 12456 353 14 afterwards afterwards RB 12456 353 15 King King NNP 12456 353 16 of of IN 12456 353 17 England England NNP 12456 353 18 in in IN 12456 353 19 the the DT 12456 353 20 same same JJ 12456 353 21 year year NN 12456 353 22 . . . 12456 354 1 There there RB 12456 354 2 Bernard Bernard NNP 12456 354 3 may may MD 12456 354 4 have have VB 12456 354 5 remained remain VBN 12456 354 6 until until IN 12456 354 7 1154 1154 CD 12456 354 8 , , , 12456 354 9 in in IN 12456 354 10 which which WDT 12456 354 11 year year NN 12456 354 12 Eleanor Eleanor NNP 12456 354 13 went go VBD 12456 354 14 to to IN 12456 354 15 England England NNP 12456 354 16 as as IN 12456 354 17 Queen Queen NNP 12456 354 18 . . . 12456 355 1 Whether whether IN 12456 355 2 Bernard Bernard NNP 12456 355 3 followed follow VBD 12456 355 4 her -PRON- PRP 12456 355 5 to to IN 12456 355 6 England England NNP 12456 355 7 is be VBZ 12456 355 8 uncertain uncertain JJ 12456 355 9 ; ; : 12456 355 10 the the DT 12456 355 11 personal personal JJ 12456 355 12 allusions allusion NNS 12456 355 13 in in IN 12456 355 14 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 355 15 poems poem NNS 12456 355 16 are be VBP 12456 355 17 generally generally RB 12456 355 18 scanty scanty NN 12456 355 19 , , , 12456 355 20 and and CC 12456 355 21 the the DT 12456 355 22 details detail NNS 12456 355 23 of of IN 12456 355 24 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 355 25 life life NN 12456 355 26 are be VBP 12456 355 27 correspondingly correspondingly RB 12456 355 28 obscure obscure JJ 12456 355 29 . . . 12456 356 1 But but CC 12456 356 2 one one CD 12456 356 3 poem poem NN 12456 356 4 seems seem VBZ 12456 356 5 to to TO 12456 356 6 indicate indicate VB 12456 356 7 that that IN 12456 356 8 he -PRON- PRP 12456 356 9 may may MD 12456 356 10 have have VB 12456 356 11 crossed cross VBN 12456 356 12 the the DT 12456 356 13 Channel Channel NNP 12456 356 14 . . . 12456 357 1 He -PRON- PRP 12456 357 2 says say VBZ 12456 357 3 that that IN 12456 357 4 he -PRON- PRP 12456 357 5 has have VBZ 12456 357 6 kept keep VBN 12456 357 7 silence silence NN 12456 357 8 for for IN 12456 357 9 two two CD 12456 357 10 years year NNS 12456 357 11 , , , 12456 357 12 but but CC 12456 357 13 that that IN 12456 357 14 the the DT 12456 357 15 autumn autumn NN 12456 357 16 season season NN 12456 357 17 impels impel VBZ 12456 357 18 him -PRON- PRP 12456 357 19 to to TO 12456 357 20 sing sing VB 12456 357 21 ; ; : 12456 357 22 in in IN 12456 357 23 spite spite NN 12456 357 24 of of IN 12456 357 25 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 357 26 love love NN 12456 357 27 , , , 12456 357 28 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 357 29 lady lady NN 12456 357 30 will will MD 12456 357 31 not not RB 12456 357 32 deign deign VB 12456 357 33 to to TO 12456 357 34 reply reply VB 12456 357 35 to to IN 12456 357 36 him -PRON- PRP 12456 357 37 : : : 12456 357 38 but but CC 12456 357 39 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 357 40 devotion devotion NN 12456 357 41 is be VBZ 12456 357 42 unchanged unchanged JJ 12456 357 43 and and CC 12456 357 44 she -PRON- PRP 12456 357 45 may may MD 12456 357 46 sell sell VB 12456 357 47 him -PRON- PRP 12456 357 48 or or CC 12456 357 49 give give VB 12456 357 50 him -PRON- PRP 12456 357 51 away away RB 12456 357 52 if if IN 12456 357 53 she -PRON- PRP 12456 357 54 pleases please VBZ 12456 357 55 . . . 12456 358 1 She -PRON- PRP 12456 358 2 does do VBZ 12456 358 3 him -PRON- PRP 12456 358 4 wrong wrong RB 12456 358 5 in in IN 12456 358 6 failing fail VBG 12456 358 7 to to TO 12456 358 8 call call VB 12456 358 9 him -PRON- PRP 12456 358 10 to to IN 12456 358 11 her -PRON- PRP$ 12456 358 12 chamber chamber NN 12456 358 13 that that IN 12456 358 14 he -PRON- PRP 12456 358 15 may may MD 12456 358 16 remove remove VB 12456 358 17 her -PRON- PRP$ 12456 358 18 shoes shoe NNS 12456 358 19 humbly humbly RB 12456 358 20 upon upon IN 12456 358 21 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 358 22 knees knee NNS 12456 358 23 , , , 12456 358 24 when when WRB 12456 358 25 she -PRON- PRP 12456 358 26 deigns deign VBZ 12456 358 27 to to TO 12456 358 28 stretch stretch VB 12456 358 29 forth forth RP 12456 358 30 her -PRON- PRP$ 12456 358 31 foot foot NN 12456 358 32 . . . 12456 359 1 He -PRON- PRP 12456 359 2 then then RB 12456 359 3 continues[19 continues[19 , 12456 359 4 ] ] -RRB- 12456 359 5 Faitz Faitz NNP 12456 359 6 es es NNP 12456 359 7 lo lo NNP 12456 359 8 vers ver NNS 12456 359 9 totz totz NNP 12456 359 10 a a DT 12456 359 11 randa randa NN 12456 359 12 , , , 12456 359 13 Si Si NNP 12456 359 14 que que NNP 12456 359 15 motz motz NNP 12456 359 16 no no DT 12456 359 17 y y NNP 12456 359 18 descapduelha descapduelha NN 12456 359 19 . . . 12456 360 1 outra outra NNP 12456 360 2 la la NNP 12456 360 3 terra terra NNP 12456 360 4 normanda normanda NNP 12456 360 5 part part NNP 12456 360 6 la la NNP 12456 360 7 fera fera NNP 12456 360 8 mar mar NNP 12456 360 9 prionda prionda NNP 12456 360 10 ; ; : 12456 360 11 e e NNP 12456 360 12 si·m si·m NNP 12456 360 13 suy suy NNP 12456 360 14 de de NNP 12456 360 15 midons midons NNPS 12456 360 16 lunhans lunhan NNS 12456 360 17 . . . 12456 361 1 ves ves NNP 12456 361 2 si·m si·m NNP 12456 361 3 tira tira NN 12456 361 4 cum cum NNP 12456 361 5 diamans diaman NNS 12456 361 6 , , , 12456 361 7 la la NNP 12456 361 8 belha belha NNP 12456 361 9 cui cui NNP 12456 361 10 dieus dieus NNP 12456 361 11 defenda defenda NNP 12456 361 12 . . . 12456 362 1 Si·l Si·l NNP 12456 362 2 reys rey NNS 12456 362 3 engles engle VBZ 12456 362 4 el el NNP 12456 362 5 dux dux NNP 12456 362 6 normans normans NNPS 12456 362 7 o o XX 12456 362 8 vol vol NNP 12456 362 9 , , , 12456 362 10 ieu ieu NNP 12456 362 11 la la NNP 12456 362 12 veirai veirai NNP 12456 362 13 , , , 12456 362 14 abans abans NNPS 12456 362 15 que que NNP 12456 362 16 l'iverns l'iverns NNP 12456 362 17 nos nos NNP 12456 362 18 sobreprenda sobreprenda NNP 12456 362 19 . . . 12456 363 1 [ [ -LRB- 12456 363 2 48 48 CD 12456 363 3 ] ] -RRB- 12456 363 4 " " `` 12456 363 5 The the DT 12456 363 6 _ _ NNP 12456 363 7 vers ver NNS 12456 363 8 _ _ NNP 12456 363 9 has have VBZ 12456 363 10 been be VBN 12456 363 11 composed compose VBN 12456 363 12 fully fully RB 12456 363 13 so so IN 12456 363 14 that that IN 12456 363 15 not not RB 12456 363 16 a a DT 12456 363 17 word word NN 12456 363 18 is be VBZ 12456 363 19 wanting want VBG 12456 363 20 , , , 12456 363 21 beyond beyond IN 12456 363 22 the the DT 12456 363 23 Norman Norman NNP 12456 363 24 land land NN 12456 363 25 and and CC 12456 363 26 the the DT 12456 363 27 deep deep JJ 12456 363 28 wild wild JJ 12456 363 29 sea sea NN 12456 363 30 ; ; : 12456 363 31 and and CC 12456 363 32 though though IN 12456 363 33 I -PRON- PRP 12456 363 34 am be VBP 12456 363 35 far far RB 12456 363 36 from from IN 12456 363 37 my -PRON- PRP$ 12456 363 38 lady lady NN 12456 363 39 , , , 12456 363 40 she -PRON- PRP 12456 363 41 attracts attract VBZ 12456 363 42 me -PRON- PRP 12456 363 43 like like IN 12456 363 44 a a DT 12456 363 45 magnet magnet NN 12456 363 46 , , , 12456 363 47 the the DT 12456 363 48 fair fair JJ 12456 363 49 one one NN 12456 363 50 whom whom WP 12456 363 51 may may MD 12456 363 52 God God NNP 12456 363 53 protect protect VB 12456 363 54 . . . 12456 364 1 If if IN 12456 364 2 the the DT 12456 364 3 English english JJ 12456 364 4 king king NN 12456 364 5 and and CC 12456 364 6 Norman Norman NNP 12456 364 7 duke duke NN 12456 364 8 will will MD 12456 364 9 , , , 12456 364 10 I -PRON- PRP 12456 364 11 shall shall MD 12456 364 12 see see VB 12456 364 13 her -PRON- PRP 12456 364 14 before before IN 12456 364 15 the the DT 12456 364 16 winter winter NN 12456 364 17 surprise surprise VB 12456 364 18 us -PRON- PRP 12456 364 19 . . . 12456 364 20 " " '' 12456 365 1 How how WRB 12456 365 2 long long JJ 12456 365 3 Bernard Bernard NNP 12456 365 4 remained remain VBD 12456 365 5 in in IN 12456 365 6 Normandy Normandy NNP 12456 365 7 , , , 12456 365 8 we -PRON- PRP 12456 365 9 can can MD 12456 365 10 not not RB 12456 365 11 conjecture conjecture VB 12456 365 12 . . . 12456 366 1 He -PRON- PRP 12456 366 2 is be VBZ 12456 366 3 said say VBN 12456 366 4 to to TO 12456 366 5 have have VB 12456 366 6 gone go VBN 12456 366 7 to to IN 12456 366 8 the the DT 12456 366 9 court court NN 12456 366 10 of of IN 12456 366 11 Raimon Raimon NNP 12456 366 12 V. V. NNP 12456 366 13 , , , 12456 366 14 Count Count NNP 12456 366 15 of of IN 12456 366 16 Toulouse Toulouse NNP 12456 366 17 , , , 12456 366 18 a a DT 12456 366 19 well well RB 12456 366 20 - - HYPH 12456 366 21 known know VBN 12456 366 22 patron patron NN 12456 366 23 of of IN 12456 366 24 the the DT 12456 366 25 troubadours troubadour NNS 12456 366 26 . . . 12456 367 1 On on IN 12456 367 2 Raimon Raimon NNP 12456 367 3 's 's POS 12456 367 4 death death NN 12456 367 5 in in IN 12456 367 6 1194 1194 CD 12456 367 7 , , , 12456 367 8 Bernard Bernard NNP 12456 367 9 , , , 12456 367 10 who who WP 12456 367 11 must must MD 12456 367 12 himself -PRON- PRP 12456 367 13 have have VB 12456 367 14 been be VBN 12456 367 15 growing grow VBG 12456 367 16 old old JJ 12456 367 17 , , , 12456 367 18 retired retire VBN 12456 367 19 to to IN 12456 367 20 the the DT 12456 367 21 abbey abbey NN 12456 367 22 of of IN 12456 367 23 Dalon Dalon NNP 12456 367 24 in in IN 12456 367 25 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 367 26 native native JJ 12456 367 27 province province NN 12456 367 28 of of IN 12456 367 29 Limousin Limousin NNP 12456 367 30 , , , 12456 367 31 where where WRB 12456 367 32 he -PRON- PRP 12456 367 33 died die VBD 12456 367 34 . . . 12456 368 1 He -PRON- PRP 12456 368 2 is be VBZ 12456 368 3 perhaps perhaps RB 12456 368 4 more more RBR 12456 368 5 deeply deeply RB 12456 368 6 inspired inspire VBN 12456 368 7 by by IN 12456 368 8 the the DT 12456 368 9 true true JJ 12456 368 10 spirit spirit NN 12456 368 11 of of IN 12456 368 12 lyric lyric NN 12456 368 13 poetry poetry NN 12456 368 14 than than IN 12456 368 15 any any DT 12456 368 16 other other JJ 12456 368 17 troubadour troubadour NN 12456 368 18 ; ; : 12456 368 19 he -PRON- PRP 12456 368 20 insists insist VBZ 12456 368 21 that that IN 12456 368 22 love love NN 12456 368 23 is be VBZ 12456 368 24 the the DT 12456 368 25 only only JJ 12456 368 26 source source NN 12456 368 27 of of IN 12456 368 28 song song NN 12456 368 29 ; ; : 12456 368 30 poetry poetry NN 12456 368 31 to to TO 12456 368 32 be be VB 12456 368 33 real real JJ 12456 368 34 , , , 12456 368 35 must must MD 12456 368 36 be be VB 12456 368 37 lived live VBN 12456 368 38 . . . 12456 369 1 Non Non NNP 12456 369 2 es es NNP 12456 369 3 meravelha meravelha NN 12456 369 4 s'ieu s'ieu NNS 12456 369 5 chan chan NNP 12456 369 6 mielhs mielhs NNP 12456 369 7 de de NNP 12456 369 8 nulh nulh NNP 12456 369 9 autre autre NNP 12456 369 10 chantador chantador NNP 12456 369 11 ; ; : 12456 369 12 que que NNP 12456 369 13 plus plus CC 12456 369 14 mi mi NNP 12456 369 15 tra·l tra·l NNP 12456 369 16 cors cors NNPS 12456 369 17 ves ves NNP 12456 369 18 amor amor NNP 12456 369 19 e e NNP 12456 369 20 mielhs mielhs NNP 12456 369 21 sui sui NNP 12456 369 22 faitz faitz VB 12456 369 23 a a DT 12456 369 24 son son NN 12456 369 25 coman coman NN 12456 369 26 . . . 12456 370 1 " " `` 12456 370 2 It -PRON- PRP 12456 370 3 is be VBZ 12456 370 4 no no DT 12456 370 5 wonder wonder NN 12456 370 6 if if IN 12456 370 7 I -PRON- PRP 12456 370 8 sing sing VBP 12456 370 9 better well RBR 12456 370 10 than than IN 12456 370 11 any any DT 12456 370 12 other other JJ 12456 370 13 singer singer NN 12456 370 14 ; ; : 12456 370 15 for for IN 12456 370 16 my -PRON- PRP$ 12456 370 17 heart heart NN 12456 370 18 draws draw VBZ 12456 370 19 me -PRON- PRP 12456 370 20 more more RBR 12456 370 21 than than IN 12456 370 22 others other NNS 12456 370 23 towards towards IN 12456 370 24 love love NN 12456 370 25 , , , 12456 370 26 and and CC 12456 370 27 I -PRON- PRP 12456 370 28 am be VBP 12456 370 29 better well RBR 12456 370 30 made make VBN 12456 370 31 for for IN 12456 370 32 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 370 33 commandments commandment NNS 12456 370 34 . . . 12456 370 35 " " '' 12456 371 1 Hence hence RB 12456 371 2 Bernard Bernard NNP 12456 371 3 gave give VBD 12456 371 4 fuller full JJR 12456 371 5 expression expression NN 12456 371 6 than than IN 12456 371 7 any any DT 12456 371 8 other other JJ 12456 371 9 troubadour troubadour NN 12456 371 10 to to IN 12456 371 11 the the DT 12456 371 12 ennobling ennoble VBG 12456 371 13 power power NN 12456 371 14 of of IN 12456 371 15 love love NN 12456 371 16 , , , 12456 371 17 as as IN 12456 371 18 the the DT 12456 371 19 only only JJ 12456 371 20 source source NN 12456 371 21 of of IN 12456 371 22 real real JJ 12456 371 23 worth worth NN 12456 371 24 and and CC 12456 371 25 nobility nobility NN 12456 371 26 . . . 12456 372 1 The the DT 12456 372 2 subject subject NN 12456 372 3 speedily speedily RB 12456 372 4 became become VBD 12456 372 5 exhausted exhausted JJ 12456 372 6 , , , 12456 372 7 and and CC 12456 372 8 ingenuity ingenuity NN 12456 372 9 did do VBD 12456 372 10 but but CC 12456 372 11 increase increase VB 12456 372 12 [ [ -LRB- 12456 372 13 49 49 CD 12456 372 14 ] ] -RRB- 12456 372 15 the the DT 12456 372 16 conventionality conventionality NN 12456 372 17 of of IN 12456 372 18 its -PRON- PRP$ 12456 372 19 treatment treatment NN 12456 372 20 . . . 12456 373 1 But but CC 12456 373 2 in in IN 12456 373 3 Bernard Bernard NNP 12456 373 4 's 's POS 12456 373 5 hands hand NNS 12456 373 6 it -PRON- PRP 12456 373 7 retains retain VBZ 12456 373 8 its -PRON- PRP$ 12456 373 9 early early JJ 12456 373 10 freshness freshness NN 12456 373 11 and and CC 12456 373 12 sincerity sincerity NN 12456 373 13 . . . 12456 374 1 The the DT 12456 374 2 description description NN 12456 374 3 of of IN 12456 374 4 the the DT 12456 374 5 seasons season NNS 12456 374 6 of of IN 12456 374 7 the the DT 12456 374 8 year year NN 12456 374 9 as as IN 12456 374 10 impelling impel VBG 12456 374 11 the the DT 12456 374 12 troubadour troubadour NN 12456 374 13 to to IN 12456 374 14 song song NN 12456 374 15 was be VBD 12456 374 16 , , , 12456 374 17 or or CC 12456 374 18 became become VBD 12456 374 19 , , , 12456 374 20 an an DT 12456 374 21 entirely entirely RB 12456 374 22 conventional conventional JJ 12456 374 23 and and CC 12456 374 24 expected expect VBN 12456 374 25 opening opening NN 12456 374 26 to to IN 12456 374 27 a a DT 12456 374 28 _ _ NNP 12456 374 29 chanso chanso NN 12456 374 30 _ _ NNP 12456 374 31 ; ; : 12456 374 32 but but CC 12456 374 33 in in IN 12456 374 34 Bernard Bernard NNP 12456 374 35 's 's POS 12456 374 36 case case NN 12456 374 37 these these DT 12456 374 38 descriptions description NNS 12456 374 39 were be VBD 12456 374 40 marked mark VBN 12456 374 41 by by IN 12456 374 42 the the DT 12456 374 43 observation observation NN 12456 374 44 and and CC 12456 374 45 feeling feeling NN 12456 374 46 of of IN 12456 374 47 one one CD 12456 374 48 who who WP 12456 374 49 had have VBD 12456 374 50 a a DT 12456 374 51 real real JJ 12456 374 52 love love NN 12456 374 53 for for IN 12456 374 54 the the DT 12456 374 55 country country NN 12456 374 56 and and CC 12456 374 57 for for IN 12456 374 58 nature nature NN 12456 374 59 , , , 12456 374 60 and and CC 12456 374 61 the the DT 12456 374 62 contrast contrast NN 12456 374 63 or or CC 12456 374 64 comparison comparison NN 12456 374 65 between between IN 12456 374 66 the the DT 12456 374 67 season season NN 12456 374 68 of of IN 12456 374 69 the the DT 12456 374 70 year year NN 12456 374 71 and and CC 12456 374 72 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 374 73 own own JJ 12456 374 74 feelings feeling NNS 12456 374 75 is be VBZ 12456 374 76 of of IN 12456 374 77 real real JJ 12456 374 78 lyrical lyrical JJ 12456 374 79 value value NN 12456 374 80 . . . 12456 375 1 The the DT 12456 375 2 opening opening NN 12456 375 3 with with IN 12456 375 4 the the DT 12456 375 5 description description NN 12456 375 6 of of IN 12456 375 7 the the DT 12456 375 8 lark lark NN 12456 375 9 is be VBZ 12456 375 10 famous-- famous-- JJ 12456 375 11 Quant quant JJ 12456 375 12 vey vey NN 12456 375 13 la la FW 12456 375 14 lauzeta lauzeta NN 12456 375 15 mover mover NN 12456 375 16 De De NNP 12456 375 17 joi joi NNP 12456 375 18 sas sas NNP 12456 375 19 alas alas NNP 12456 375 20 contral contral NNP 12456 375 21 rai rai NNP 12456 375 22 , , , 12456 375 23 que que NNP 12456 375 24 s'oblida s'oblida NNP 12456 375 25 e·s e·s NNP 12456 375 26 laissa laissa NNP 12456 375 27 cazer cazer NNP 12456 375 28 per per IN 12456 375 29 la la FW 12456 375 30 doussor doussor NNP 12456 375 31 qu'al qu'al NNP 12456 375 32 cor cor NNP 12456 375 33 li li NNP 12456 375 34 vai vai NNP 12456 375 35 , , , 12456 375 36 ai ai VB 12456 375 37 ! ! . 12456 376 1 tan tan NNP 12456 376 2 grans grans NNPS 12456 376 3 enveia enveia VBP 12456 376 4 m'en m'en NNP 12456 376 5 ve ve NNP 12456 376 6 de de IN 12456 376 7 cui cui NNP 12456 376 8 qu'eu qu'eu NNP 12456 376 9 veya veya NNP 12456 376 10 jauzion jauzion NN 12456 376 11 ! ! . 12456 377 1 meravilhas meravilhas NNP 12456 377 2 ai ai VBP 12456 377 3 , , , 12456 377 4 quar quar NNP 12456 377 5 desse desse NNP 12456 377 6 lo lo NNP 12456 377 7 cor cor NNP 12456 377 8 de de NNP 12456 377 9 dezirier deziri JJR 12456 377 10 no·m no·m NNP 12456 377 11 fon fon NN 12456 377 12 . . . 12456 378 1 " " `` 12456 378 2 When when WRB 12456 378 3 I -PRON- PRP 12456 378 4 see see VBP 12456 378 5 the the DT 12456 378 6 lark lark JJ 12456 378 7 flutter flutter NN 12456 378 8 with with IN 12456 378 9 joy joy NN 12456 378 10 towards towards IN 12456 378 11 the the DT 12456 378 12 sun sun NN 12456 378 13 , , , 12456 378 14 and and CC 12456 378 15 forget forget VB 12456 378 16 himself -PRON- PRP 12456 378 17 and and CC 12456 378 18 sing sing VB 12456 378 19 for for IN 12456 378 20 the the DT 12456 378 21 sweetness sweetness NN 12456 378 22 that that WDT 12456 378 23 comes come VBZ 12456 378 24 to to IN 12456 378 25 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 378 26 heart heart NN 12456 378 27 ; ; : 12456 378 28 alas alas UH 12456 378 29 , , , 12456 378 30 such such JJ 12456 378 31 envy envy NN 12456 378 32 comes come VBZ 12456 378 33 upon upon IN 12456 378 34 me -PRON- PRP 12456 378 35 of of IN 12456 378 36 all all DT 12456 378 37 that that WDT 12456 378 38 I -PRON- PRP 12456 378 39 see see VBP 12456 378 40 rejoicing rejoice VBG 12456 378 41 , , , 12456 378 42 I -PRON- PRP 12456 378 43 wonder wonder VBP 12456 378 44 that that IN 12456 378 45 my -PRON- PRP$ 12456 378 46 heart heart NN 12456 378 47 does do VBZ 12456 378 48 not not RB 12456 378 49 melt melt VB 12456 378 50 forthwith forthwith NNP 12456 378 51 with with IN 12456 378 52 desire desire NN 12456 378 53 " " '' 12456 378 54 . . . 12456 379 1 [ [ -LRB- 12456 379 2 20 20 CD 12456 379 3 ] ] -RRB- 12456 379 4 At at IN 12456 379 5 the the DT 12456 379 6 same same JJ 12456 379 7 time time NN 12456 379 8 Bernard Bernard NNP 12456 379 9 's 's POS 12456 379 10 style style NN 12456 379 11 is be VBZ 12456 379 12 simple simple JJ 12456 379 13 and and CC 12456 379 14 clear clear JJ 12456 379 15 , , , 12456 379 16 though though IN 12456 379 17 he -PRON- PRP 12456 379 18 shows show VBZ 12456 379 19 full full JJ 12456 379 20 mastery mastery NN 12456 379 21 of of IN 12456 379 22 the the DT 12456 379 23 complex complex JJ 12456 379 24 stanza stanza NNP 12456 379 25 form form NN 12456 379 26 ; ; : 12456 379 27 to to TO 12456 379 28 call call VB 12456 379 29 him -PRON- PRP 12456 379 30 the the DT 12456 379 31 Wordsworth Wordsworth NNP 12456 379 32 of of IN 12456 379 33 the the DT 12456 379 34 troubadour troubadour JJ 12456 379 35 world world NN 12456 379 36 is be VBZ 12456 379 37 to to TO 12456 379 38 exaggerate exaggerate VB 12456 379 39 a a DT 12456 379 40 single single JJ 12456 379 41 point point NN 12456 379 42 of of IN 12456 379 43 coincidence coincidence NN 12456 379 44 ; ; : 12456 379 45 but but CC 12456 379 46 he -PRON- PRP 12456 379 47 remains remain VBZ 12456 379 48 the the DT 12456 379 49 greatest great JJS 12456 379 50 of of IN 12456 379 51 troubadour troubadour JJ 12456 379 52 poets poet NNS 12456 379 53 , , , 12456 379 54 as as IN 12456 379 55 modern modern JJ 12456 379 56 taste taste NN 12456 379 57 regards regard VBZ 12456 379 58 [ [ -LRB- 12456 379 59 50 50 CD 12456 379 60 ] ] -RRB- 12456 379 61 poetry poetry NN 12456 379 62 . . . 12456 380 1 Arnaut Arnaut NNP 12456 380 2 de de NNP 12456 380 3 Mareuil Mareuil NNP 12456 380 4 ( ( -LRB- 12456 380 5 1170 1170 CD 12456 380 6 - - SYM 12456 380 7 1200 1200 CD 12456 380 8 _ _ NNP 12456 380 9 circa circa NNP 12456 380 10 _ _ NNP 12456 380 11 ) ) -RRB- 12456 380 12 displays display VBZ 12456 380 13 many many JJ 12456 380 14 of of IN 12456 380 15 the the DT 12456 380 16 characteristics characteristic NNS 12456 380 17 which which WDT 12456 380 18 distinguished distinguish VBD 12456 380 19 the the DT 12456 380 20 poetry poetry NN 12456 380 21 of of IN 12456 380 22 Bernard Bernard NNP 12456 380 23 of of IN 12456 380 24 Ventadour Ventadour NNP 12456 380 25 ; ; : 12456 380 26 there there EX 12456 380 27 is be VBZ 12456 380 28 the the DT 12456 380 29 same same JJ 12456 380 30 simplicity simplicity NN 12456 380 31 of of IN 12456 380 32 style style NN 12456 380 33 and and CC 12456 380 34 often often RB 12456 380 35 no no DT 12456 380 36 less less JJR 12456 380 37 reality reality NN 12456 380 38 of of IN 12456 380 39 feeling feeling NN 12456 380 40 : : : 12456 380 41 conventionalism conventionalism NN 12456 380 42 had have VBD 12456 380 43 not not RB 12456 380 44 yet yet RB 12456 380 45 become become VBN 12456 380 46 typical typical JJ 12456 380 47 . . . 12456 381 1 Arnaut Arnaut NNP 12456 381 2 was be VBD 12456 381 3 born bear VBN 12456 381 4 in in IN 12456 381 5 Périgord Périgord NNP 12456 381 6 of of IN 12456 381 7 poor poor JJ 12456 381 8 parents parent NNS 12456 381 9 , , , 12456 381 10 and and CC 12456 381 11 was be VBD 12456 381 12 brought bring VBN 12456 381 13 up up RP 12456 381 14 to to IN 12456 381 15 the the DT 12456 381 16 profession profession NN 12456 381 17 of of IN 12456 381 18 a a DT 12456 381 19 scribe scribe JJ 12456 381 20 or or CC 12456 381 21 notary notary JJ 12456 381 22 . . . 12456 382 1 This this DT 12456 382 2 profession profession NN 12456 382 3 he -PRON- PRP 12456 382 4 soon soon RB 12456 382 5 abandoned abandon VBD 12456 382 6 , , , 12456 382 7 and and CC 12456 382 8 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 382 9 " " `` 12456 382 10 good good JJ 12456 382 11 star star NN 12456 382 12 , , , 12456 382 13 " " '' 12456 382 14 to to TO 12456 382 15 quote quote VB 12456 382 16 the the DT 12456 382 17 Provençal Provençal NNP 12456 382 18 biography biography NN 12456 382 19 , , , 12456 382 20 led lead VBD 12456 382 21 him -PRON- PRP 12456 382 22 to to IN 12456 382 23 the the DT 12456 382 24 court court NN 12456 382 25 of of IN 12456 382 26 Adelaide Adelaide NNP 12456 382 27 , , , 12456 382 28 daughter daughter NN 12456 382 29 of of IN 12456 382 30 Raimon Raimon NNP 12456 382 31 V. V. NNP 12456 382 32 of of IN 12456 382 33 Toulouse Toulouse NNP 12456 382 34 , , , 12456 382 35 who who WP 12456 382 36 had have VBD 12456 382 37 married marry VBN 12456 382 38 in in IN 12456 382 39 1171 1171 CD 12456 382 40 Roger Roger NNP 12456 382 41 II II NNP 12456 382 42 . . NNP 12456 382 43 , , , 12456 382 44 Viscount Viscount NNP 12456 382 45 of of IN 12456 382 46 Béziers Béziers NNPS 12456 382 47 . . . 12456 383 1 There there RB 12456 383 2 he -PRON- PRP 12456 383 3 soon soon RB 12456 383 4 rose rise VBD 12456 383 5 into into IN 12456 383 6 high high JJ 12456 383 7 repute repute NN 12456 383 8 : : : 12456 383 9 at at IN 12456 383 10 first first RB 12456 383 11 he -PRON- PRP 12456 383 12 is be VBZ 12456 383 13 said say VBN 12456 383 14 to to TO 12456 383 15 have have VB 12456 383 16 denied deny VBN 12456 383 17 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 383 18 authorship authorship NN 12456 383 19 of of IN 12456 383 20 the the DT 12456 383 21 songs song NNS 12456 383 22 which which WDT 12456 383 23 he -PRON- PRP 12456 383 24 composed compose VBD 12456 383 25 in in IN 12456 383 26 honour honour NN 12456 383 27 of of IN 12456 383 28 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 383 29 mistress mistress NN 12456 383 30 , , , 12456 383 31 but but CC 12456 383 32 eventually eventually RB 12456 383 33 he -PRON- PRP 12456 383 34 betrayed betray VBD 12456 383 35 himself -PRON- PRP 12456 383 36 and and CC 12456 383 37 was be VBD 12456 383 38 recognised recognise VBN 12456 383 39 as as IN 12456 383 40 a a DT 12456 383 41 troubadour troubadour NN 12456 383 42 of of IN 12456 383 43 high high JJ 12456 383 44 merit merit NN 12456 383 45 , , , 12456 383 46 and and CC 12456 383 47 definitely definitely RB 12456 383 48 installed instal VBN 12456 383 49 as as IN 12456 383 50 the the DT 12456 383 51 singer singer NN 12456 383 52 of of IN 12456 383 53 Adelaide Adelaide NNP 12456 383 54 . . . 12456 384 1 The the DT 12456 384 2 story story NN 12456 384 3 is be VBZ 12456 384 4 improbable improbable JJ 12456 384 5 , , , 12456 384 6 as as IN 12456 384 7 the the DT 12456 384 8 troubadour troubadour NNP 12456 384 9 's 's POS 12456 384 10 rewards reward NNS 12456 384 11 naturally naturally RB 12456 384 12 depended depend VBD 12456 384 13 upon upon IN 12456 384 14 the the DT 12456 384 15 favour favour NN 12456 384 16 of of IN 12456 384 17 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 384 18 patrons patron NNS 12456 384 19 to to IN 12456 384 20 him -PRON- PRP 12456 384 21 personally personally RB 12456 384 22 ; ; : 12456 384 23 it -PRON- PRP 12456 384 24 is be VBZ 12456 384 25 probably probably RB 12456 384 26 an an DT 12456 384 27 instance instance NN 12456 384 28 of of IN 12456 384 29 the the DT 12456 384 30 manner manner NN 12456 384 31 in in IN 12456 384 32 which which WDT 12456 384 33 the the DT 12456 384 34 biographies biography NNS 12456 384 35 founded found VBD 12456 384 36 fictions fiction NNS 12456 384 37 upon upon IN 12456 384 38 a a DT 12456 384 39 very very RB 12456 384 40 meagre meagre JJ 12456 384 41 substratum substratum NN 12456 384 42 of of IN 12456 384 43 fact fact NN 12456 384 44 , , , 12456 384 45 the the DT 12456 384 46 fact fact NN 12456 384 47 in in IN 12456 384 48 this this DT 12456 384 49 instance instance NN 12456 384 50 being be VBG 12456 384 51 a a DT 12456 384 52 passage passage NN 12456 384 53 in in IN 12456 384 54 which which WDT 12456 384 55 Arnaut Arnaut NNP 12456 384 56 declares declare VBZ 12456 384 57 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 384 58 timidity timidity NN 12456 384 59 in in IN 12456 384 60 singing singe VBG 12456 384 61 the the DT 12456 384 62 praise praise NN 12456 384 63 of of IN 12456 384 64 so so RB 12456 384 65 great great JJ 12456 384 66 a a DT 12456 384 67 beauty beauty NN 12456 384 68 as as IN 12456 384 69 Adelaide Adelaide NNP 12456 384 70 . . . 12456 385 1 Mas Mas NNP 12456 385 2 grans gran VBZ 12456 385 3 paors paor NNS 12456 385 4 m'o m'o RB 12456 385 5 tol tol NNP 12456 385 6 e e NNP 12456 385 7 grans grans NNPS 12456 385 8 temensa temensa NNP 12456 385 9 , , , 12456 385 10 [ [ -LRB- 12456 385 11 51 51 CD 12456 385 12 ] ] -RRB- 12456 385 13 Qu'ieu Qu'ieu NNP 12456 385 14 non non NNP 12456 385 15 aus aus NNP 12456 385 16 dir dir NNP 12456 385 17 , , , 12456 385 18 dona dona NNP 12456 385 19 , , , 12456 385 20 qu'ieu qu'ieu NNP 12456 385 21 chant chant JJ 12456 385 22 de de FW 12456 385 23 vos vos NNP 12456 385 24 . . . 12456 386 1 " " `` 12456 386 2 But but CC 12456 386 3 great great JJ 12456 386 4 fear fear NN 12456 386 5 and and CC 12456 386 6 great great JJ 12456 386 7 apprehension apprehension NN 12456 386 8 comes come VBZ 12456 386 9 upon upon IN 12456 386 10 me -PRON- PRP 12456 386 11 , , , 12456 386 12 so so IN 12456 386 13 that that IN 12456 386 14 I -PRON- PRP 12456 386 15 dare dare VBP 12456 386 16 not not RB 12456 386 17 tell tell VB 12456 386 18 you -PRON- PRP 12456 386 19 , , , 12456 386 20 lady lady NN 12456 386 21 , , , 12456 386 22 that that IN 12456 386 23 it -PRON- PRP 12456 386 24 is be VBZ 12456 386 25 I -PRON- PRP 12456 386 26 who who WP 12456 386 27 sing sing VBP 12456 386 28 of of IN 12456 386 29 you -PRON- PRP 12456 386 30 . . . 12456 386 31 " " '' 12456 387 1 Arnaut Arnaut NNP 12456 387 2 seems seem VBZ 12456 387 3 to to TO 12456 387 4 have have VB 12456 387 5 introduced introduce VBN 12456 387 6 a a DT 12456 387 7 new new JJ 12456 387 8 poetical poetical JJ 12456 387 9 _ _ NNP 12456 387 10 genre genre NN 12456 387 11 _ _ NNP 12456 387 12 into into IN 12456 387 13 Provençal Provençal NNP 12456 387 14 literature literature NN 12456 387 15 , , , 12456 387 16 the the DT 12456 387 17 love love NN 12456 387 18 - - HYPH 12456 387 19 letter letter NN 12456 387 20 . . . 12456 388 1 He -PRON- PRP 12456 388 2 says say VBZ 12456 388 3 that that IN 12456 388 4 the the DT 12456 388 5 difficulty difficulty NN 12456 388 6 of of IN 12456 388 7 finding find VBG 12456 388 8 a a DT 12456 388 9 trustworthy trustworthy JJ 12456 388 10 messenger messenger NN 12456 388 11 induced induce VBD 12456 388 12 him -PRON- PRP 12456 388 13 to to TO 12456 388 14 send send VB 12456 388 15 a a DT 12456 388 16 letter letter NN 12456 388 17 sealed seal VBN 12456 388 18 with with IN 12456 388 19 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 388 20 own own JJ 12456 388 21 ring ring NN 12456 388 22 ; ; : 12456 388 23 the the DT 12456 388 24 letter letter NN 12456 388 25 is be VBZ 12456 388 26 interesting interesting JJ 12456 388 27 for for IN 12456 388 28 the the DT 12456 388 29 description description NN 12456 388 30 of of IN 12456 388 31 feminine feminine JJ 12456 388 32 beauty beauty NN 12456 388 33 which which WDT 12456 388 34 it -PRON- PRP 12456 388 35 contains contain VBZ 12456 388 36 : : : 12456 388 37 " " `` 12456 388 38 my -PRON- PRP$ 12456 388 39 heart heart NN 12456 388 40 , , , 12456 388 41 that that DT 12456 388 42 is be VBZ 12456 388 43 your -PRON- PRP$ 12456 388 44 constant constant JJ 12456 388 45 companion companion NN 12456 388 46 , , , 12456 388 47 comes come VBZ 12456 388 48 to to IN 12456 388 49 me -PRON- PRP 12456 388 50 as as IN 12456 388 51 your -PRON- PRP$ 12456 388 52 messenger messenger NN 12456 388 53 and and CC 12456 388 54 portrays portray NNS 12456 388 55 for for IN 12456 388 56 me -PRON- PRP 12456 388 57 your -PRON- PRP$ 12456 388 58 noble noble JJ 12456 388 59 , , , 12456 388 60 graceful graceful JJ 12456 388 61 form form NN 12456 388 62 , , , 12456 388 63 your -PRON- PRP$ 12456 388 64 fair fair JJ 12456 388 65 light light JJ 12456 388 66 - - HYPH 12456 388 67 brown brown JJ 12456 388 68 hair hair NN 12456 388 69 , , , 12456 388 70 your -PRON- PRP$ 12456 388 71 brow brow NN 12456 388 72 whiter whiter NN 12456 388 73 than than IN 12456 388 74 the the DT 12456 388 75 lily lily NN 12456 388 76 , , , 12456 388 77 your -PRON- PRP$ 12456 388 78 gay gay JJ 12456 388 79 laughing laughing NN 12456 388 80 eyes eye NNS 12456 388 81 , , , 12456 388 82 your -PRON- PRP$ 12456 388 83 straight straight JJ 12456 388 84 well well RB 12456 388 85 - - HYPH 12456 388 86 formed form VBN 12456 388 87 nose nose NN 12456 388 88 , , , 12456 388 89 your -PRON- PRP$ 12456 388 90 fresh fresh JJ 12456 388 91 complexion complexion NN 12456 388 92 , , , 12456 388 93 whiter whiter NN 12456 388 94 and and CC 12456 388 95 redder red JJR 12456 388 96 than than IN 12456 388 97 any any DT 12456 388 98 flower flower NN 12456 388 99 , , , 12456 388 100 your -PRON- PRP$ 12456 388 101 little little JJ 12456 388 102 mouth mouth NN 12456 388 103 , , , 12456 388 104 your -PRON- PRP$ 12456 388 105 fair fair JJ 12456 388 106 teeth tooth NNS 12456 388 107 , , , 12456 388 108 whiter whiter NN 12456 388 109 than than IN 12456 388 110 pure pure JJ 12456 388 111 silver silver NN 12456 388 112 , , , 12456 388 113 ... ... : 12456 388 114 your -PRON- PRP$ 12456 388 115 fair fair JJ 12456 388 116 white white JJ 12456 388 117 hands hand NNS 12456 388 118 with with IN 12456 388 119 the the DT 12456 388 120 smooth smooth JJ 12456 388 121 and and CC 12456 388 122 slender slend JJR 12456 388 123 fingers finger NNS 12456 388 124 " " '' 12456 388 125 ; ; : 12456 388 126 in in IN 12456 388 127 short short JJ 12456 388 128 , , , 12456 388 129 a a DT 12456 388 130 picture picture NN 12456 388 131 which which WDT 12456 388 132 shows show VBZ 12456 388 133 that that IN 12456 388 134 troubadour troubadour PRP$ 12456 388 135 ideas idea NNS 12456 388 136 of of IN 12456 388 137 beauty beauty NN 12456 388 138 were be VBD 12456 388 139 much much RB 12456 388 140 the the DT 12456 388 141 same same JJ 12456 388 142 as as IN 12456 388 143 those those DT 12456 388 144 of of IN 12456 388 145 any any DT 12456 388 146 other other JJ 12456 388 147 age age NN 12456 388 148 . . . 12456 389 1 Arnaut Arnaut NNP 12456 389 2 was be VBD 12456 389 3 eventually eventually RB 12456 389 4 obliged oblige VBN 12456 389 5 to to TO 12456 389 6 leave leave VB 12456 389 7 Béziers bézier NNS 12456 389 8 , , , 12456 389 9 owing owing NN 12456 389 10 , , , 12456 389 11 it -PRON- PRP 12456 389 12 is be VBZ 12456 389 13 said say VBN 12456 389 14 , , , 12456 389 15 to to IN 12456 389 16 the the DT 12456 389 17 rivalry rivalry NN 12456 389 18 of of IN 12456 389 19 Alfonso Alfonso NNP 12456 389 20 II II NNP 12456 389 21 . . . 12456 390 1 of of IN 12456 390 2 Aragon Aragon NNP 12456 390 3 , , , 12456 390 4 who who WP 12456 390 5 may may MD 12456 390 6 have have VB 12456 390 7 come come VBN 12456 390 8 forward forward RB 12456 390 9 as as IN 12456 390 10 a a DT 12456 390 11 suitor suitor NN 12456 390 12 for for IN 12456 390 13 Adelaide Adelaide NNP 12456 390 14 after after IN 12456 390 15 Roger Roger NNP 12456 390 16 's 's POS 12456 390 17 death death NN 12456 390 18 in in IN 12456 390 19 1194 1194 CD 12456 390 20 . . . 12456 391 1 The the DT 12456 391 2 troubadour troubadour JJ 12456 391 3 betook betook NN 12456 391 4 himself -PRON- PRP 12456 391 5 to to IN 12456 391 6 the the DT 12456 391 7 court court NN 12456 391 8 of of IN 12456 391 9 William William NNP 12456 391 10 VIII VIII NNP 12456 391 11 . . . 12456 391 12 , , , 12456 391 13 Count Count NNP 12456 391 14 of of IN 12456 391 15 Montpelier Montpelier NNP 12456 391 16 , , , 12456 391 17 where where WRB 12456 391 18 he -PRON- PRP 12456 391 19 probably probably RB 12456 391 20 spent spend VBD 12456 391 21 the the DT 12456 391 22 rest rest NN 12456 391 23 of of IN 12456 391 24 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 391 25 life life NN 12456 391 26 . . . 12456 392 1 The the DT 12456 392 2 various various JJ 12456 392 3 allusions allusion NNS 12456 392 4 in in IN 12456 392 5 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 392 6 poems poem NNS 12456 392 7 can can MD 12456 392 8 not not RB 12456 392 9 always always RB 12456 392 10 [ [ -LRB- 12456 392 11 52 52 CD 12456 392 12 ] ] -RRB- 12456 392 13 be be VB 12456 392 14 identified identify VBN 12456 392 15 , , , 12456 392 16 and and CC 12456 392 17 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 392 18 career career NN 12456 392 19 is be VBZ 12456 392 20 only only RB 12456 392 21 known know VBN 12456 392 22 to to IN 12456 392 23 us -PRON- PRP 12456 392 24 in in IN 12456 392 25 vague vague JJ 12456 392 26 outline outline NN 12456 392 27 . . . 12456 393 1 Apart apart RB 12456 393 2 from from IN 12456 393 3 the the DT 12456 393 4 love love NN 12456 393 5 - - HYPH 12456 393 6 letter letter NN 12456 393 7 , , , 12456 393 8 he -PRON- PRP 12456 393 9 was be VBD 12456 393 10 , , , 12456 393 11 if if IN 12456 393 12 not not RB 12456 393 13 the the DT 12456 393 14 initiator initiator NN 12456 393 15 , , , 12456 393 16 one one CD 12456 393 17 of of IN 12456 393 18 the the DT 12456 393 19 earliest early JJS 12456 393 20 writers writer NNS 12456 393 21 of of IN 12456 393 22 the the DT 12456 393 23 type type NN 12456 393 24 of of IN 12456 393 25 didactic didactic JJ 12456 393 26 poem poem NN 12456 393 27 known know VBN 12456 393 28 as as IN 12456 393 29 _ _ NNP 12456 393 30 ensenhamen ensenhamen NNP 12456 393 31 _ _ NNP 12456 393 32 , , , 12456 393 33 an an DT 12456 393 34 " " `` 12456 393 35 instruction instruction NN 12456 393 36 " " '' 12456 393 37 containing contain VBG 12456 393 38 observations observation NNS 12456 393 39 upon upon IN 12456 393 40 the the DT 12456 393 41 manners manner NNS 12456 393 42 and and CC 12456 393 43 customs custom NNS 12456 393 44 of of IN 12456 393 45 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 393 46 age age NN 12456 393 47 , , , 12456 393 48 with with IN 12456 393 49 precepts precept NNS 12456 393 50 for for IN 12456 393 51 the the DT 12456 393 52 observance observance NN 12456 393 53 of of IN 12456 393 54 morality morality NN 12456 393 55 and and CC 12456 393 56 right right JJ 12456 393 57 conduct conduct NN 12456 393 58 such such JJ 12456 393 59 as as IN 12456 393 60 should should MD 12456 393 61 be be VB 12456 393 62 practised practise VBN 12456 393 63 by by IN 12456 393 64 the the DT 12456 393 65 ideal ideal JJ 12456 393 66 character character NN 12456 393 67 . . . 12456 394 1 Arnaut Arnaut NNP 12456 394 2 , , , 12456 394 3 after after IN 12456 394 4 a a DT 12456 394 5 lengthy lengthy JJ 12456 394 6 and and CC 12456 394 7 would would MD 12456 394 8 - - HYPH 12456 394 9 be be VB 12456 394 10 learned learn VBN 12456 394 11 introduction introduction NN 12456 394 12 , , , 12456 394 13 explains explain VBZ 12456 394 14 that that IN 12456 394 15 each each DT 12456 394 16 of of IN 12456 394 17 the the DT 12456 394 18 three three CD 12456 394 19 estates estate NNS 12456 394 20 , , , 12456 394 21 the the DT 12456 394 22 knights knight NNS 12456 394 23 , , , 12456 394 24 the the DT 12456 394 25 clergy clergy NN 12456 394 26 and and CC 12456 394 27 the the DT 12456 394 28 citizens citizen NNS 12456 394 29 , , , 12456 394 30 have have VBP 12456 394 31 their -PRON- PRP$ 12456 394 32 special special JJ 12456 394 33 and and CC 12456 394 34 appropriate appropriate JJ 12456 394 35 virtues virtue NNS 12456 394 36 . . . 12456 395 1 The the DT 12456 395 2 emphasis emphasis NN 12456 395 3 with with IN 12456 395 4 which which WDT 12456 395 5 he -PRON- PRP 12456 395 6 describes describe VBZ 12456 395 7 the the DT 12456 395 8 good good JJ 12456 395 9 qualities quality NNS 12456 395 10 of of IN 12456 395 11 the the DT 12456 395 12 citizen citizen NN 12456 395 13 class class NN 12456 395 14 , , , 12456 395 15 a a DT 12456 395 16 compliment compliment NN 12456 395 17 unusual unusual JJ 12456 395 18 in in IN 12456 395 19 the the DT 12456 395 20 aristocratic aristocratic JJ 12456 395 21 poetry poetry NN 12456 395 22 of of IN 12456 395 23 the the DT 12456 395 24 troubadours troubadour NNS 12456 395 25 , , , 12456 395 26 may may MD 12456 395 27 be be VB 12456 395 28 taken take VBN 12456 395 29 as as IN 12456 395 30 confirmation confirmation NN 12456 395 31 of of IN 12456 395 32 the the DT 12456 395 33 statement statement NN 12456 395 34 concerning concern VBG 12456 395 35 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 395 36 own own JJ 12456 395 37 parentage parentage NN 12456 395 38 which which WDT 12456 395 39 we -PRON- PRP 12456 395 40 find find VBP 12456 395 41 in in IN 12456 395 42 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 395 43 biography biography NN 12456 395 44 . . . 12456 396 1 [ [ -LRB- 12456 396 2 53 53 CD 12456 396 3 ] ] -RRB- 12456 396 4 CHAPTER chapter NN 12456 396 5 V V NNP 12456 396 6 THE the DT 12456 396 7 CLASSICAL CLASSICAL NNP 12456 396 8 PERIOD PERIOD NNP 12456 396 9 We -PRON- PRP 12456 396 10 now now RB 12456 396 11 reach reach VBP 12456 396 12 a a DT 12456 396 13 group group NN 12456 396 14 of of IN 12456 396 15 three three CD 12456 396 16 troubadours troubadour NNS 12456 396 17 whom whom WP 12456 396 18 Dante[21 dante[21 CD 12456 396 19 ] ] -RRB- 12456 396 20 selected select VBN 12456 396 21 as as IN 12456 396 22 typical typical JJ 12456 396 23 of of IN 12456 396 24 certain certain JJ 12456 396 25 characteristics characteristic NNS 12456 396 26 : : : 12456 396 27 " " `` 12456 396 28 Bertran Bertran NNP 12456 396 29 de de NNP 12456 396 30 Born Born NNP 12456 396 31 sung sung NN 12456 396 32 of of IN 12456 396 33 arms arm NNS 12456 396 34 , , , 12456 396 35 Arnaut Arnaut NNP 12456 396 36 Daniel Daniel NNP 12456 396 37 of of IN 12456 396 38 love love NN 12456 396 39 , , , 12456 396 40 and and CC 12456 396 41 Guiraut Guiraut NNP 12456 396 42 de de FW 12456 396 43 Bornelh Bornelh NNP 12456 396 44 of of IN 12456 396 45 uprightness uprightness JJ 12456 396 46 , , , 12456 396 47 honour honour NN 12456 396 48 and and CC 12456 396 49 virtue virtue NN 12456 396 50 . . . 12456 396 51 " " '' 12456 397 1 The the DT 12456 397 2 last last JJ 12456 397 3 named name VBN 12456 397 4 , , , 12456 397 5 who who WP 12456 397 6 was be VBD 12456 397 7 a a DT 12456 397 8 contemporary contemporary JJ 12456 397 9 ( ( -LRB- 12456 397 10 1175 1175 CD 12456 397 11 - - SYM 12456 397 12 1220 1220 CD 12456 397 13 _ _ NNP 12456 397 14 circa circa NNP 12456 397 15 _ _ NNP 12456 397 16 ) ) -RRB- 12456 397 17 and and CC 12456 397 18 compatriot compatriot NN 12456 397 19 of of IN 12456 397 20 Arnaut Arnaut NNP 12456 397 21 de de NNP 12456 397 22 Marueil Marueil NNP 12456 397 23 , , , 12456 397 24 is be VBZ 12456 397 25 said say VBN 12456 397 26 in in IN 12456 397 27 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 397 28 biography biography NN 12456 397 29 to to TO 12456 397 30 have have VB 12456 397 31 enjoyed enjoy VBN 12456 397 32 so so RB 12456 397 33 great great JJ 12456 397 34 a a DT 12456 397 35 reputation reputation NN 12456 397 36 that that IN 12456 397 37 he -PRON- PRP 12456 397 38 was be VBD 12456 397 39 known know VBN 12456 397 40 as as IN 12456 397 41 the the DT 12456 397 42 " " `` 12456 397 43 Master Master NNP 12456 397 44 of of IN 12456 397 45 the the DT 12456 397 46 Troubadours Troubadours NNP 12456 397 47 . . . 12456 397 48 " " '' 12456 398 1 This this DT 12456 398 2 title title NN 12456 398 3 is be VBZ 12456 398 4 not not RB 12456 398 5 awarded award VBN 12456 398 6 to to IN 12456 398 7 him -PRON- PRP 12456 398 8 by by IN 12456 398 9 any any DT 12456 398 10 other other JJ 12456 398 11 troubadour troubadour NN 12456 398 12 ; ; : 12456 398 13 the the DT 12456 398 14 jealousy jealousy NN 12456 398 15 constantly constantly RB 12456 398 16 prevailing prevail VBG 12456 398 17 between between IN 12456 398 18 the the DT 12456 398 19 troubadours troubadour NNS 12456 398 20 is be VBZ 12456 398 21 enough enough JJ 12456 398 22 to to TO 12456 398 23 account account VB 12456 398 24 for for IN 12456 398 25 their -PRON- PRP$ 12456 398 26 silence silence NN 12456 398 27 on on IN 12456 398 28 this this DT 12456 398 29 point point NN 12456 398 30 . . . 12456 399 1 But but CC 12456 399 2 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 399 3 reputation reputation NN 12456 399 4 is be VBZ 12456 399 5 fairly fairly RB 12456 399 6 attested attest VBN 12456 399 7 by by IN 12456 399 8 the the DT 12456 399 9 number number NN 12456 399 10 of of IN 12456 399 11 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 399 12 poems poem NNS 12456 399 13 which which WDT 12456 399 14 have have VBP 12456 399 15 survived survive VBN 12456 399 16 and and CC 12456 399 17 by by IN 12456 399 18 the the DT 12456 399 19 numerous numerous JJ 12456 399 20 MSS mss NN 12456 399 21 . . . 12456 400 1 in in IN 12456 400 2 which which WDT 12456 400 3 they -PRON- PRP 12456 400 4 are be VBP 12456 400 5 preserved preserve VBN 12456 400 6 ; ; : 12456 400 7 when when WRB 12456 400 8 troubadours troubadour NNS 12456 400 9 were be VBD 12456 400 10 studied study VBN 12456 400 11 as as IN 12456 400 12 classics classic NNS 12456 400 13 in in IN 12456 400 14 the the DT 12456 400 15 thirteenth thirteenth JJ 12456 400 16 and and CC 12456 400 17 fourteenth fourteenth JJ 12456 400 18 centuries century NNS 12456 400 19 , , , 12456 400 20 Guiraut Guiraut NNP 12456 400 21 's 's POS 12456 400 22 poems poem NNS 12456 400 23 were be VBD 12456 400 24 so so RB 12456 400 25 far far RB 12456 400 26 in in IN 12456 400 27 harmony harmony NN 12456 400 28 with with IN 12456 400 29 the the DT 12456 400 30 moralising moralise VBG 12456 400 31 tendency tendency NN 12456 400 32 of of IN 12456 400 33 that that DT 12456 400 34 age age NN 12456 400 35 that that WDT 12456 400 36 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 400 37 posthumous posthumous JJ 12456 400 38 reputation reputation NN 12456 400 39 was be VBD 12456 400 40 certainly certainly RB 12456 400 41 as as RB 12456 400 42 great great JJ 12456 400 43 as as IN 12456 400 44 any any DT 12456 400 45 that that IN 12456 400 46 he -PRON- PRP 12456 400 47 enjoyed enjoy VBD 12456 400 48 in in IN 12456 400 49 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 400 50 life life NN 12456 400 51 - - HYPH 12456 400 52 time time NN 12456 400 53 . . . 12456 401 1 Practically practically RB 12456 401 2 nothing nothing NN 12456 401 3 is be VBZ 12456 401 4 known know VBN 12456 401 5 of of IN 12456 401 6 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 401 7 life life NN 12456 401 8 ; ; : 12456 401 9 allusions allusion NNS 12456 401 10 in in IN 12456 401 11 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 401 12 poems poem NNS 12456 401 13 lead lead VBP 12456 401 14 us -PRON- PRP 12456 401 15 [ [ -LRB- 12456 401 16 54 54 CD 12456 401 17 ] ] -RRB- 12456 401 18 to to TO 12456 401 19 suppose suppose VB 12456 401 20 that that IN 12456 401 21 he -PRON- PRP 12456 401 22 spent spend VBD 12456 401 23 some some DT 12456 401 24 time time NN 12456 401 25 in in IN 12456 401 26 Spain Spain NNP 12456 401 27 at at IN 12456 401 28 the the DT 12456 401 29 courts court NNS 12456 401 30 of of IN 12456 401 31 Navarre Navarre NNP 12456 401 32 , , , 12456 401 33 Castile Castile NNP 12456 401 34 and and CC 12456 401 35 Aragon Aragon NNP 12456 401 36 . . . 12456 402 1 The the DT 12456 402 2 real real JJ 12456 402 3 interests interest NNS 12456 402 4 of of IN 12456 402 5 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 402 6 work work NN 12456 402 7 are be VBP 12456 402 8 literary literary JJ 12456 402 9 and and CC 12456 402 10 ethical ethical JJ 12456 402 11 . . . 12456 403 1 To to IN 12456 403 2 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 403 3 share share NN 12456 403 4 in in IN 12456 403 5 the the DT 12456 403 6 controversy controversy NN 12456 403 7 concerning concern VBG 12456 403 8 the the DT 12456 403 9 _ _ NNP 12456 403 10 trobar trobar NN 12456 403 11 clus clus NN 12456 403 12 _ _ NNP 12456 403 13 , , , 12456 403 14 the the DT 12456 403 15 obscure obscure JJ 12456 403 16 and and CC 12456 403 17 difficult difficult JJ 12456 403 18 style style NN 12456 403 19 of of IN 12456 403 20 composition composition NN 12456 403 21 , , , 12456 403 22 we -PRON- PRP 12456 403 23 have have VBP 12456 403 24 already already RB 12456 403 25 alluded allude VBN 12456 403 26 . . . 12456 404 1 Though though IN 12456 404 2 in in IN 12456 404 3 the the DT 12456 404 4 _ _ NNP 12456 404 5 tenso tenso NN 12456 404 6 _ _ NNP 12456 404 7 with with IN 12456 404 8 Linhaure Linhaure NNP 12456 404 9 , , , 12456 404 10 Guiraut Guiraut NNP 12456 404 11 expresses express VBZ 12456 404 12 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 404 13 preference preference NN 12456 404 14 for for IN 12456 404 15 the the DT 12456 404 16 simple simple JJ 12456 404 17 and and CC 12456 404 18 intelligible intelligible JJ 12456 404 19 style style NN 12456 404 20 , , , 12456 404 21 it -PRON- PRP 12456 404 22 must must MD 12456 404 23 be be VB 12456 404 24 said say VBN 12456 404 25 that that IN 12456 404 26 the the DT 12456 404 27 majority majority NN 12456 404 28 of of IN 12456 404 29 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 404 30 poems poem NNS 12456 404 31 are be VBP 12456 404 32 far far RB 12456 404 33 from from IN 12456 404 34 attaining attain VBG 12456 404 35 this this DT 12456 404 36 ideal ideal NN 12456 404 37 . . . 12456 405 1 Their -PRON- PRP$ 12456 405 2 obscurity obscurity NN 12456 405 3 , , , 12456 405 4 however however RB 12456 405 5 , , , 12456 405 6 is be VBZ 12456 405 7 often often RB 12456 405 8 due due JJ 12456 405 9 rather rather RB 12456 405 10 to to IN 12456 405 11 the the DT 12456 405 12 difficulty difficulty NN 12456 405 13 of of IN 12456 405 14 the the DT 12456 405 15 subject subject JJ 12456 405 16 matter matter NN 12456 405 17 than than IN 12456 405 18 to to IN 12456 405 19 any any DT 12456 405 20 intentional intentional JJ 12456 405 21 attempt attempt NN 12456 405 22 at at IN 12456 405 23 preciosity preciosity NN 12456 405 24 of of IN 12456 405 25 style style NN 12456 405 26 . . . 12456 406 1 He -PRON- PRP 12456 406 2 was be VBD 12456 406 3 one one CD 12456 406 4 of of IN 12456 406 5 the the DT 12456 406 6 first first JJ 12456 406 7 troubadours troubadour NNS 12456 406 8 who who WP 12456 406 9 attempted attempt VBD 12456 406 10 to to TO 12456 406 11 analyse analyse VB 12456 406 12 the the DT 12456 406 13 effects effect NNS 12456 406 14 of of IN 12456 406 15 love love NN 12456 406 16 from from IN 12456 406 17 a a DT 12456 406 18 psychological psychological JJ 12456 406 19 standpoint standpoint NN 12456 406 20 ; ; : 12456 406 21 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 406 22 analysis analysis NN 12456 406 23 often often RB 12456 406 24 proceeds proceed VBZ 12456 406 25 in in IN 12456 406 26 the the DT 12456 406 27 form form NN 12456 406 28 of of IN 12456 406 29 a a DT 12456 406 30 dialogue dialogue NN 12456 406 31 with with IN 12456 406 32 himself -PRON- PRP 12456 406 33 , , , 12456 406 34 an an DT 12456 406 35 attempt attempt NN 12456 406 36 to to TO 12456 406 37 show show VB 12456 406 38 the the DT 12456 406 39 hearer hearer NN 12456 406 40 by by IN 12456 406 41 what what WDT 12456 406 42 methods method NNS 12456 406 43 he -PRON- PRP 12456 406 44 arrived arrive VBD 12456 406 45 at at IN 12456 406 46 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 406 47 conclusions conclusion NNS 12456 406 48 . . . 12456 407 1 " " `` 12456 407 2 How how WRB 12456 407 3 is be VBZ 12456 407 4 it -PRON- PRP 12456 407 5 , , , 12456 407 6 in in IN 12456 407 7 the the DT 12456 407 8 name name NN 12456 407 9 of of IN 12456 407 10 God God NNP 12456 407 11 , , , 12456 407 12 that that IN 12456 407 13 when when WRB 12456 407 14 I -PRON- PRP 12456 407 15 wish wish VBP 12456 407 16 to to TO 12456 407 17 sing sing VB 12456 407 18 , , , 12456 407 19 I -PRON- PRP 12456 407 20 weep weep VBP 12456 407 21 ? ? . 12456 408 1 Can Can MD 12456 408 2 the the DT 12456 408 3 reason reason NN 12456 408 4 be be VB 12456 408 5 that that DT 12456 408 6 love love NN 12456 408 7 has have VBZ 12456 408 8 conquered conquer VBN 12456 408 9 me -PRON- PRP 12456 408 10 ? ? . 12456 409 1 And and CC 12456 409 2 does do VBZ 12456 409 3 love love NN 12456 409 4 bring bring VB 12456 409 5 me -PRON- PRP 12456 409 6 no no DT 12456 409 7 delight delight NN 12456 409 8 ? ? . 12456 410 1 Yes yes UH 12456 410 2 , , , 12456 410 3 delight delight NN 12456 410 4 is be VBZ 12456 410 5 mine -PRON- PRP 12456 410 6 . . . 12456 411 1 Then then RB 12456 411 2 why why WRB 12456 411 3 am be VBP 12456 411 4 I -PRON- PRP 12456 411 5 sad sad JJ 12456 411 6 and and CC 12456 411 7 melancholy melancholy JJ 12456 411 8 ? ? . 12456 412 1 I -PRON- PRP 12456 412 2 can can MD 12456 412 3 not not RB 12456 412 4 tell tell VB 12456 412 5 . . . 12456 413 1 I -PRON- PRP 12456 413 2 have have VBP 12456 413 3 lost lose VBN 12456 413 4 my -PRON- PRP$ 12456 413 5 lady lady NN 12456 413 6 's 's POS 12456 413 7 favour favour NN 12456 413 8 and and CC 12456 413 9 the the DT 12456 413 10 delight delight NN 12456 413 11 of of IN 12456 413 12 love love NN 12456 413 13 has have VBZ 12456 413 14 no no DT 12456 413 15 more more JJR 12456 413 16 sweetness sweetness NN 12456 413 17 for for IN 12456 413 18 me -PRON- PRP 12456 413 19 . . . 12456 414 1 Had have VBD 12456 414 2 ever ever RB 12456 414 3 a a DT 12456 414 4 lover lover NN 12456 414 5 such such JJ 12456 414 6 misfortune misfortune NN 12456 414 7 ? ? . 12456 415 1 But but CC 12456 415 2 am be VBP 12456 415 3 I -PRON- PRP 12456 415 4 a a DT 12456 415 5 lover lover NN 12456 415 6 ? ? . 12456 416 1 No no UH 12456 416 2 ! ! . 12456 417 1 Have have VBP 12456 417 2 I -PRON- PRP 12456 417 3 ceased cease VBN 12456 417 4 to to TO 12456 417 5 love love VB 12456 417 6 passionately passionately RB 12456 417 7 ? ? . 12456 418 1 No no UH 12456 418 2 ! ! . 12456 419 1 Am be VBP 12456 419 2 I -PRON- PRP 12456 419 3 then then RB 12456 419 4 a a DT 12456 419 5 lover lover NN 12456 419 6 ? ? . 12456 420 1 Yes yes UH 12456 420 2 , , , 12456 420 3 if if IN 12456 420 4 my -PRON- PRP$ 12456 420 5 lady lady NN 12456 420 6 would would MD 12456 420 7 suffer suffer VB 12456 420 8 my -PRON- PRP$ 12456 420 9 love love NN 12456 420 10 . . . 12456 420 11 " " '' 12456 421 1 Guiraut Guiraut NNP 12456 421 2 's 's POS 12456 421 3 [ [ -LRB- 12456 421 4 55 55 CD 12456 421 5 ] ] -RRB- 12456 421 6 moral moral JJ 12456 421 7 _ _ NNP 12456 421 8 sirventes sirvente NNS 12456 421 9 _ _ NNP 12456 421 10 are be VBP 12456 421 11 reprobations reprobation NNS 12456 421 12 of of IN 12456 421 13 the the DT 12456 421 14 decadence decadence NN 12456 421 15 of of IN 12456 421 16 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 421 17 age age NN 12456 421 18 . . . 12456 422 1 He -PRON- PRP 12456 422 2 saw see VBD 12456 422 3 a a DT 12456 422 4 gradual gradual JJ 12456 422 5 decline decline NN 12456 422 6 of of IN 12456 422 7 the the DT 12456 422 8 true true JJ 12456 422 9 spirit spirit NN 12456 422 10 of of IN 12456 422 11 chivalry chivalry NN 12456 422 12 . . . 12456 423 1 The the DT 12456 423 2 great great JJ 12456 423 3 lords lord NNS 12456 423 4 were be VBD 12456 423 5 fonder fond JJR 12456 423 6 of of IN 12456 423 7 war war NN 12456 423 8 and and CC 12456 423 9 pillage pillage NN 12456 423 10 than than IN 12456 423 11 of of IN 12456 423 12 poetry poetry NN 12456 423 13 and and CC 12456 423 14 courtly courtly RB 12456 423 15 state state NN 12456 423 16 . . . 12456 424 1 He -PRON- PRP 12456 424 2 had have VBD 12456 424 3 himself -PRON- PRP 12456 424 4 suffered suffer VBN 12456 424 5 from from IN 12456 424 6 the the DT 12456 424 7 change change NN 12456 424 8 , , , 12456 424 9 if if IN 12456 424 10 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 424 11 biographer biographer NN 12456 424 12 is be VBZ 12456 424 13 to to TO 12456 424 14 be be VB 12456 424 15 believed believe VBN 12456 424 16 ; ; : 12456 424 17 the the DT 12456 424 18 Viscount Viscount NNP 12456 424 19 of of IN 12456 424 20 Limoges Limoges NNPS 12456 424 21 had have VBD 12456 424 22 plundered plunder VBN 12456 424 23 and and CC 12456 424 24 burnt burn VBN 12456 424 25 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 424 26 house house NN 12456 424 27 . . . 12456 425 1 He -PRON- PRP 12456 425 2 compares compare VBZ 12456 425 3 the the DT 12456 425 4 evils evil NNS 12456 425 5 of of IN 12456 425 6 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 425 7 own own JJ 12456 425 8 day day NN 12456 425 9 with with IN 12456 425 10 the the DT 12456 425 11 splendours splendour NNS 12456 425 12 of of IN 12456 425 13 the the DT 12456 425 14 past past NN 12456 425 15 , , , 12456 425 16 and and CC 12456 425 17 asks ask VBZ 12456 425 18 whether whether IN 12456 425 19 the the DT 12456 425 20 accident accident NN 12456 425 21 of of IN 12456 425 22 birth birth NN 12456 425 23 is be VBZ 12456 425 24 the the DT 12456 425 25 real real JJ 12456 425 26 source source NN 12456 425 27 of of IN 12456 425 28 nobility nobility NN 12456 425 29 ; ; : 12456 425 30 a a DT 12456 425 31 man man NN 12456 425 32 must must MD 12456 425 33 be be VB 12456 425 34 judged judge VBN 12456 425 35 by by IN 12456 425 36 himself -PRON- PRP 12456 425 37 and and CC 12456 425 38 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 425 39 acts act NNS 12456 425 40 and and CC 12456 425 41 not not RB 12456 425 42 by by IN 12456 425 43 the the DT 12456 425 44 rank rank NN 12456 425 45 of of IN 12456 425 46 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 425 47 forefathers forefather NNS 12456 425 48 ; ; : 12456 425 49 these these DT 12456 425 50 were be VBD 12456 425 51 the the DT 12456 425 52 sentiments sentiment NNS 12456 425 53 that that WDT 12456 425 54 gained gain VBD 12456 425 55 him -PRON- PRP 12456 425 56 a a DT 12456 425 57 mention mention NN 12456 425 58 in in IN 12456 425 59 the the DT 12456 425 60 Fourth Fourth NNP 12456 425 61 Book Book NNP 12456 425 62 of of IN 12456 425 63 Dante Dante NNP 12456 425 64 's 's POS 12456 425 65 _ _ NNP 12456 425 66 Convivio Convivio NNP 12456 425 67 _ _ NNP 12456 425 68 . . . 12456 426 1 [ [ -LRB- 12456 426 2 22 22 CD 12456 426 3 ] ] -RRB- 12456 426 4 The the DT 12456 426 5 question question NN 12456 426 6 why why WRB 12456 426 7 Dante Dante NNP 12456 426 8 should should MD 12456 426 9 have have VB 12456 426 10 preferred prefer VBN 12456 426 11 Arnaut Arnaut NNP 12456 426 12 Daniel Daniel NNP 12456 426 13 to to IN 12456 426 14 Guiraut Guiraut NNP 12456 426 15 de de IN 12456 426 16 Bornelh[23 Bornelh[23 NNP 12456 426 17 ] ] -RRB- 12456 426 18 has have VBZ 12456 426 19 given give VBN 12456 426 20 rise rise NN 12456 426 21 to to IN 12456 426 22 much much JJ 12456 426 23 discussion discussion NN 12456 426 24 . . . 12456 427 1 The the DT 12456 427 2 solution solution NN 12456 427 3 turns turn VBZ 12456 427 4 upon upon IN 12456 427 5 Dante Dante NNP 12456 427 6 's 's POS 12456 427 7 conception conception NN 12456 427 8 of of IN 12456 427 9 style style NN 12456 427 10 , , , 12456 427 11 which which WDT 12456 427 12 is be VBZ 12456 427 13 too too RB 12456 427 14 large large JJ 12456 427 15 a a DT 12456 427 16 problem problem NN 12456 427 17 for for IN 12456 427 18 consideration consideration NN 12456 427 19 here here RB 12456 427 20 . . . 12456 428 1 Dante Dante NNP 12456 428 2 preferred prefer VBD 12456 428 3 the the DT 12456 428 4 difficult difficult JJ 12456 428 5 and and CC 12456 428 6 artificial artificial JJ 12456 428 7 style style NN 12456 428 8 of of IN 12456 428 9 Arnaut Arnaut NNP 12456 428 10 to to IN 12456 428 11 the the DT 12456 428 12 simple simple JJ 12456 428 13 style style NN 12456 428 14 of of IN 12456 428 15 the the DT 12456 428 16 opposition opposition NN 12456 428 17 school school NN 12456 428 18 ; ; : 12456 428 19 from from IN 12456 428 20 Arnaut Arnaut NNP 12456 428 21 he -PRON- PRP 12456 428 22 borrowed borrow VBD 12456 428 23 the the DT 12456 428 24 sestina sestina NNP 12456 428 25 form form NN 12456 428 26 ; ; : 12456 428 27 and and CC 12456 428 28 at at IN 12456 428 29 the the DT 12456 428 30 end end NN 12456 428 31 of of IN 12456 428 32 the the DT 12456 428 33 canto canto NN 12456 428 34 he -PRON- PRP 12456 428 35 puts put VBZ 12456 428 36 the the DT 12456 428 37 well well RB 12456 428 38 - - HYPH 12456 428 39 known know VBN 12456 428 40 lines line NNS 12456 428 41 , , , 12456 428 42 " " '' 12456 428 43 Ieu Ieu NNP 12456 428 44 sui sui NNP 12456 428 45 Arnaut Arnaut NNP 12456 428 46 , , , 12456 428 47 que que NNP 12456 428 48 plor plor NNP 12456 428 49 e e NNP 12456 428 50 vau vau NNP 12456 428 51 cantan cantan NNP 12456 428 52 , , , 12456 428 53 " " '' 12456 428 54 into into IN 12456 428 55 the the DT 12456 428 56 troubadour troubadour NN 12456 428 57 's 's POS 12456 428 58 mouth mouth NN 12456 428 59 . . . 12456 429 1 We -PRON- PRP 12456 429 2 know know VBP 12456 429 3 little little JJ 12456 429 4 of of IN 12456 429 5 Arnaut Arnaut NNP 12456 429 6 's 's POS 12456 429 7 life life NN 12456 429 8 ; ; : 12456 429 9 he -PRON- PRP 12456 429 10 was be VBD 12456 429 11 a a DT 12456 429 12 noble noble JJ 12456 429 13 of of IN 12456 429 14 Riberac Riberac NNP 12456 429 15 in in IN 12456 429 16 Périgord Périgord NNP 12456 429 17 . . . 12456 430 1 The the DT 12456 430 2 biography biography NN 12456 430 3 relates relate VBZ 12456 430 4 an an DT 12456 430 5 incident incident NN 12456 430 6 in in IN 12456 430 7 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 430 8 life life NN 12456 430 9 which which WDT 12456 430 10 is be VBZ 12456 430 11 said say VBN 12456 430 12 to to TO 12456 430 13 have have VB 12456 430 14 taken take VBN 12456 430 15 place place NN 12456 430 16 at at IN 12456 430 17 the the DT 12456 430 18 court court NN 12456 430 19 of of IN 12456 430 20 Richard Richard NNP 12456 430 21 Coeur Coeur NNP 12456 430 22 de de NNP 12456 430 23 Lion Lion NNP 12456 430 24 . . . 12456 431 1 A a DT 12456 431 2 certain certain JJ 12456 431 3 troubadour troubadour NN 12456 431 4 had have VBD 12456 431 5 boasted boast VBN 12456 431 6 before before IN 12456 431 7 the the DT 12456 431 8 king king NN 12456 431 9 that that IN 12456 431 10 he -PRON- PRP 12456 431 11 could could MD 12456 431 12 compose compose VB 12456 431 13 a a DT 12456 431 14 [ [ -LRB- 12456 431 15 56 56 CD 12456 431 16 ] ] -RRB- 12456 431 17 better well JJR 12456 431 18 poem poem NN 12456 431 19 than than IN 12456 431 20 Arnaut Arnaut NNP 12456 431 21 . . . 12456 432 1 The the DT 12456 432 2 latter latter JJ 12456 432 3 accepted accept VBD 12456 432 4 the the DT 12456 432 5 challenge challenge NN 12456 432 6 and and CC 12456 432 7 the the DT 12456 432 8 king king NN 12456 432 9 confined confine VBD 12456 432 10 the the DT 12456 432 11 poets poet NNS 12456 432 12 to to IN 12456 432 13 their -PRON- PRP$ 12456 432 14 rooms room NNS 12456 432 15 for for IN 12456 432 16 a a DT 12456 432 17 certain certain JJ 12456 432 18 time time NN 12456 432 19 at at IN 12456 432 20 the the DT 12456 432 21 end end NN 12456 432 22 of of IN 12456 432 23 which which WDT 12456 432 24 they -PRON- PRP 12456 432 25 were be VBD 12456 432 26 to to TO 12456 432 27 recite recite VB 12456 432 28 their -PRON- PRP$ 12456 432 29 composition composition NN 12456 432 30 before before IN 12456 432 31 him -PRON- PRP 12456 432 32 . . . 12456 433 1 Arnaut Arnaut NNP 12456 433 2 's 's POS 12456 433 3 inspiration inspiration NN 12456 433 4 totally totally RB 12456 433 5 failed fail VBD 12456 433 6 him -PRON- PRP 12456 433 7 , , , 12456 433 8 but but CC 12456 433 9 from from IN 12456 433 10 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 433 11 room room NN 12456 433 12 he -PRON- PRP 12456 433 13 could could MD 12456 433 14 hear hear VB 12456 433 15 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 433 16 rival rival JJ 12456 433 17 singing singing NN 12456 433 18 as as IN 12456 433 19 he -PRON- PRP 12456 433 20 rehearsed rehearse VBD 12456 433 21 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 433 22 own own JJ 12456 433 23 composition composition NN 12456 433 24 . . . 12456 434 1 Arnaut Arnaut NNP 12456 434 2 was be VBD 12456 434 3 able able JJ 12456 434 4 to to TO 12456 434 5 learn learn VB 12456 434 6 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 434 7 rival rival NN 12456 434 8 's 's POS 12456 434 9 poem poem NN 12456 434 10 by by IN 12456 434 11 heart heart NN 12456 434 12 , , , 12456 434 13 and and CC 12456 434 14 when when WRB 12456 434 15 the the DT 12456 434 16 time time NN 12456 434 17 of of IN 12456 434 18 trial trial NN 12456 434 19 came come VBD 12456 434 20 he -PRON- PRP 12456 434 21 asked ask VBD 12456 434 22 to to TO 12456 434 23 be be VB 12456 434 24 allowed allow VBN 12456 434 25 to to TO 12456 434 26 sing sing VB 12456 434 27 first first RB 12456 434 28 , , , 12456 434 29 and and CC 12456 434 30 performed perform VBD 12456 434 31 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 434 32 opponent opponent NN 12456 434 33 's 's POS 12456 434 34 song song NN 12456 434 35 , , , 12456 434 36 to to IN 12456 434 37 the the DT 12456 434 38 wrath wrath NN 12456 434 39 of of IN 12456 434 40 the the DT 12456 434 41 latter latter JJ 12456 434 42 , , , 12456 434 43 who who WP 12456 434 44 protested protest VBD 12456 434 45 vigorously vigorously RB 12456 434 46 . . . 12456 435 1 Arnaut Arnaut NNP 12456 435 2 acknowledged acknowledge VBD 12456 435 3 the the DT 12456 435 4 trick trick NN 12456 435 5 , , , 12456 435 6 to to IN 12456 435 7 the the DT 12456 435 8 great great JJ 12456 435 9 amusement amusement NN 12456 435 10 of of IN 12456 435 11 the the DT 12456 435 12 king king NN 12456 435 13 . . . 12456 436 1 Preciosity preciosity NN 12456 436 2 and and CC 12456 436 3 artificiality artificiality NN 12456 436 4 reach reach VBP 12456 436 5 their -PRON- PRP$ 12456 436 6 height height NN 12456 436 7 in in IN 12456 436 8 Arnaut Arnaut NNP 12456 436 9 's 's POS 12456 436 10 poems poem NNS 12456 436 11 , , , 12456 436 12 which which WDT 12456 436 13 are be VBP 12456 436 14 , , , 12456 436 15 for for IN 12456 436 16 that that DT 12456 436 17 reason reason NN 12456 436 18 , , , 12456 436 19 excessively excessively RB 12456 436 20 difficult difficult JJ 12456 436 21 . . . 12456 437 1 Enigmatic enigmatic JJ 12456 437 2 constructions construction NNS 12456 437 3 , , , 12456 437 4 word word NN 12456 437 5 - - HYPH 12456 437 6 plays play NNS 12456 437 7 , , , 12456 437 8 words word NNS 12456 437 9 used use VBN 12456 437 10 in in IN 12456 437 11 forced force VBN 12456 437 12 senses sense NNS 12456 437 13 , , , 12456 437 14 continual continual JJ 12456 437 15 alliteration alliteration NN 12456 437 16 and and CC 12456 437 17 difficult difficult JJ 12456 437 18 rimes rime NNS 12456 437 19 produced produce VBN 12456 437 20 elaborate elaborate JJ 12456 437 21 form form NN 12456 437 22 and and CC 12456 437 23 great great JJ 12456 437 24 obscurity obscurity NN 12456 437 25 of of IN 12456 437 26 meaning meaning NN 12456 437 27 . . . 12456 438 1 The the DT 12456 438 2 following follow VBG 12456 438 3 stanza stanza NN 12456 438 4 may may MD 12456 438 5 serve serve VB 12456 438 6 as as IN 12456 438 7 an an DT 12456 438 8 example-- example-- JJ 12456 438 9 L'aur L'aur NNP 12456 438 10 ' ' '' 12456 438 11 amara amara NN 12456 438 12 fa·ls fa·l VBZ 12456 438 13 bruels bruels NNP 12456 438 14 brancutz brancutz NNP 12456 438 15 clarzir clarzir NNP 12456 438 16 que·l que·l ADD 12456 438 17 dons don VBZ 12456 438 18 espeys espey NNS 12456 438 19 ' ' POS 12456 438 20 ab ab NN 12456 438 21 fuelhs fuelhs NN 12456 438 22 , , , 12456 438 23 e·ls e·ls NNP 12456 438 24 letz letz NN 12456 438 25 becxs becxs NNP 12456 438 26 dels dels NNP 12456 438 27 auzels auzels NNP 12456 438 28 ramencx ramencx NNP 12456 438 29 te te NNP 12456 438 30 balbs balbs NNP 12456 438 31 e e NNP 12456 438 32 mutz mutz NNP 12456 438 33 pars par NNS 12456 438 34 e e LS 12456 438 35 non non JJ 12456 438 36 pars par NNS 12456 438 37 . . . 12456 439 1 per per IN 12456 439 2 qu'ieu qu'ieu NNP 12456 439 3 m'esfortz m'esfortz NNP 12456 439 4 de de NNP 12456 439 5 far far NNP 12456 439 6 e e NNP 12456 439 7 dir dir NNP 12456 439 8 plazers plazer NNS 12456 439 9 A a DT 12456 439 10 manhs manhs RB 12456 439 11 ? ? . 12456 440 1 per per IN 12456 440 2 ley ley NNP 12456 440 3 qui qui NNP 12456 440 4 m'a m'a NNS 12456 440 5 virat virat NNP 12456 440 6 has have VBZ 12456 440 7 d'aut d'aut FW 12456 440 8 , , , 12456 440 9 don don NNP 12456 440 10 tern tern NNP 12456 440 11 morir morir NNP 12456 440 12 si·ls si·l VBZ 12456 440 13 afans afans NNPS 12456 440 14 no·m no·m NNP 12456 440 15 asoma asoma NN 12456 440 16 . . . 12456 441 1 " " `` 12456 441 2 The the DT 12456 441 3 bitter bitter JJ 12456 441 4 breeze breeze NN 12456 441 5 makes make VBZ 12456 441 6 light light NN 12456 441 7 the the DT 12456 441 8 bosky bosky JJ 12456 441 9 boughs bough NNS 12456 441 10 which which WDT 12456 441 11 the the DT 12456 441 12 gentle gentle JJ 12456 441 13 breeze breeze NN 12456 441 14 [ [ -LRB- 12456 441 15 57 57 CD 12456 441 16 ] ] -RRB- 12456 441 17 makes make VBZ 12456 441 18 thick thick JJ 12456 441 19 with with IN 12456 441 20 leaves leave NNS 12456 441 21 , , , 12456 441 22 and and CC 12456 441 23 the the DT 12456 441 24 joyous joyous JJ 12456 441 25 beaks beak NNS 12456 441 26 of of IN 12456 441 27 the the DT 12456 441 28 birds bird NNS 12456 441 29 in in IN 12456 441 30 the the DT 12456 441 31 branches branch NNS 12456 441 32 it -PRON- PRP 12456 441 33 keeps keep VBZ 12456 441 34 silent silent JJ 12456 441 35 and and CC 12456 441 36 dumb dumb JJ 12456 441 37 , , , 12456 441 38 paired pair VBN 12456 441 39 and and CC 12456 441 40 not not RB 12456 441 41 paired pair VBN 12456 441 42 . . . 12456 442 1 Wherefore Wherefore VBN 12456 442 2 do do VBP 12456 442 3 I -PRON- PRP 12456 442 4 strive strive VB 12456 442 5 to to TO 12456 442 6 say say VB 12456 442 7 and and CC 12456 442 8 do do VB 12456 442 9 what what WP 12456 442 10 is be VBZ 12456 442 11 pleasing pleasing JJ 12456 442 12 to to IN 12456 442 13 many many JJ 12456 442 14 ? ? . 12456 443 1 For for IN 12456 443 2 her -PRON- PRP 12456 443 3 , , , 12456 443 4 who who WP 12456 443 5 has have VBZ 12456 443 6 cast cast VBN 12456 443 7 me -PRON- PRP 12456 443 8 down down RP 12456 443 9 from from IN 12456 443 10 on on IN 12456 443 11 high high JJ 12456 443 12 , , , 12456 443 13 for for IN 12456 443 14 which which WDT 12456 443 15 I -PRON- PRP 12456 443 16 fear fear VBP 12456 443 17 to to TO 12456 443 18 die die VB 12456 443 19 , , , 12456 443 20 if if IN 12456 443 21 she -PRON- PRP 12456 443 22 does do VBZ 12456 443 23 not not RB 12456 443 24 end end VB 12456 443 25 the the DT 12456 443 26 sorrow sorrow NN 12456 443 27 for for IN 12456 443 28 me -PRON- PRP 12456 443 29 . . . 12456 443 30 " " '' 12456 444 1 The the DT 12456 444 2 answers answer NNS 12456 444 3 to to IN 12456 444 4 the the DT 12456 444 5 seventeen seventeen CD 12456 444 6 rime rime NN 12456 444 7 - - HYPH 12456 444 8 words word NNS 12456 444 9 which which WDT 12456 444 10 occur occur VBP 12456 444 11 in in IN 12456 444 12 this this DT 12456 444 13 stanza stanza NN 12456 444 14 do do VBP 12456 444 15 not not RB 12456 444 16 appear appear VB 12456 444 17 till till IN 12456 444 18 the the DT 12456 444 19 following follow VBG 12456 444 20 stanza stanza NNP 12456 444 21 , , , 12456 444 22 the the DT 12456 444 23 same same JJ 12456 444 24 rimes rime NNS 12456 444 25 being be VBG 12456 444 26 kept keep VBN 12456 444 27 throughout throughout IN 12456 444 28 the the DT 12456 444 29 six six CD 12456 444 30 stanzas stanza NNS 12456 444 31 of of IN 12456 444 32 the the DT 12456 444 33 poem poem NN 12456 444 34 . . . 12456 445 1 To to TO 12456 445 2 rest rest VB 12456 445 3 the the DT 12456 445 4 listener listener NN 12456 445 5 's 's POS 12456 445 6 ear ear NN 12456 445 7 , , , 12456 445 8 while while IN 12456 445 9 he -PRON- PRP 12456 445 10 waited wait VBD 12456 445 11 for for IN 12456 445 12 the the DT 12456 445 13 answering answering NN 12456 445 14 rimes rime NNS 12456 445 15 , , , 12456 445 16 Arnaut Arnaut NNP 12456 445 17 used use VBD 12456 445 18 light light JJ 12456 445 19 assonances assonance NNS 12456 445 20 which which WDT 12456 445 21 almost almost RB 12456 445 22 amount amount VBP 12456 445 23 to to IN 12456 445 24 rime rime NN 12456 445 25 in in IN 12456 445 26 some some DT 12456 445 27 cases case NNS 12456 445 28 . . . 12456 446 1 The the DT 12456 446 2 Monk Monk NNP 12456 446 3 of of IN 12456 446 4 Montaudon Montaudon NNP 12456 446 5 in in IN 12456 446 6 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 446 7 satirical satirical JJ 12456 446 8 _ _ NNP 12456 446 9 sirventes sirventes NNPS 12456 446 10 _ _ NNP 12456 446 11 says say VBZ 12456 446 12 of of IN 12456 446 13 Arnaut Arnaut NNP 12456 446 14 : : : 12456 446 15 " " `` 12456 446 16 He -PRON- PRP 12456 446 17 has have VBZ 12456 446 18 sung sing VBN 12456 446 19 nothing nothing NN 12456 446 20 all all PDT 12456 446 21 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 446 22 life life NN 12456 446 23 , , , 12456 446 24 except except IN 12456 446 25 a a DT 12456 446 26 few few JJ 12456 446 27 foolish foolish JJ 12456 446 28 verses verse NNS 12456 446 29 which which WDT 12456 446 30 no no DT 12456 446 31 one one NN 12456 446 32 understands understand VBZ 12456 446 33 " " '' 12456 446 34 ; ; : 12456 446 35 and and CC 12456 446 36 we -PRON- PRP 12456 446 37 may may MD 12456 446 38 reasonably reasonably RB 12456 446 39 suppose suppose VB 12456 446 40 that that IN 12456 446 41 Arnaut Arnaut NNP 12456 446 42 's 's POS 12456 446 43 poetry poetry NN 12456 446 44 was be VBD 12456 446 45 as as IN 12456 446 46 obscure obscure JJ 12456 446 47 to to IN 12456 446 48 many many JJ 12456 446 49 of of IN 12456 446 50 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 446 51 contemporaries contemporary NNS 12456 446 52 as as IN 12456 446 53 it -PRON- PRP 12456 446 54 is be VBZ 12456 446 55 to to IN 12456 446 56 us -PRON- PRP 12456 446 57 . . . 12456 447 1 Dante Dante NNP 12456 447 2 placed place VBD 12456 447 3 Bertran Bertran NNP 12456 447 4 de de FW 12456 447 5 Born Born NNP 12456 447 6 in in IN 12456 447 7 hell hell NNP 12456 447 8 , , , 12456 447 9 as as IN 12456 447 10 a a DT 12456 447 11 sower sower NN 12456 447 12 of of IN 12456 447 13 strife strife NN 12456 447 14 between between IN 12456 447 15 father father NNP 12456 447 16 and and CC 12456 447 17 son son NN 12456 447 18 , , , 12456 447 19 and and CC 12456 447 20 there there EX 12456 447 21 is be VBZ 12456 447 22 no no DT 12456 447 23 need need NN 12456 447 24 to to TO 12456 447 25 describe describe VB 12456 447 26 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 447 27 picture picture NN 12456 447 28 of of IN 12456 447 29 the the DT 12456 447 30 troubadour-- troubadour-- NNS 12456 447 31 " " '' 12456 447 32 Who who WP 12456 447 33 held hold VBD 12456 447 34 the the DT 12456 447 35 severed severed JJ 12456 447 36 member member NN 12456 447 37 lanternwise lanternwise NN 12456 447 38 And and CC 12456 447 39 said say VBD 12456 447 40 , , , 12456 447 41 Ah ah UH 12456 447 42 me -PRON- PRP 12456 447 43 ! ! . 12456 447 44 " " '' 12456 448 1 ( ( -LRB- 12456 448 2 _ _ NNP 12456 448 3 Inf Inf NNP 12456 448 4 . . . 12456 448 5 _ _ NNP 12456 448 6 xxviii xxviii NNP 12456 448 7 . . . 12456 449 1 119 119 CD 12456 449 2 - - SYM 12456 449 3 142 142 CD 12456 449 4 . . . 12456 449 5 ) ) -RRB- 12456 450 1 The the DT 12456 450 2 genius genius NN 12456 450 3 of of IN 12456 450 4 Dante Dante NNP 12456 450 5 , , , 12456 450 6 and and CC 12456 450 7 the the DT 12456 450 8 poetical poetical JJ 12456 450 9 fame fame NN 12456 450 10 of of IN 12456 450 11 Bertran Bertran NNP 12456 450 12 himself -PRON- PRP 12456 450 13 , , , 12456 450 14 have have VBP 12456 450 15 given give VBN 12456 450 16 him -PRON- PRP 12456 450 17 a a DT 12456 450 18 more more RBR 12456 450 19 important important JJ 12456 450 20 position position NN 12456 450 21 in in IN 12456 450 22 history history NN 12456 450 23 than than IN 12456 450 24 is be VBZ 12456 450 25 , , , 12456 450 26 perhaps perhaps RB 12456 450 27 , , , 12456 450 28 [ [ -LRB- 12456 450 29 58 58 CD 12456 450 30 ] ] -RRB- 12456 450 31 entirely entirely RB 12456 450 32 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 450 33 due due NN 12456 450 34 . . . 12456 451 1 Jaufré Jaufré NNP 12456 451 2 , , , 12456 451 3 the the DT 12456 451 4 prior prior NN 12456 451 5 of of IN 12456 451 6 Vigeois Vigeois NNP 12456 451 7 , , , 12456 451 8 an an DT 12456 451 9 abbey abbey NN 12456 451 10 of of IN 12456 451 11 Saint Saint NNP 12456 451 12 - - HYPH 12456 451 13 Martial Martial NNP 12456 451 14 of of IN 12456 451 15 Limoges Limoges NNP 12456 451 16 , , , 12456 451 17 is be VBZ 12456 451 18 the the DT 12456 451 19 only only JJ 12456 451 20 chronicler chronicler NN 12456 451 21 during during IN 12456 451 22 the the DT 12456 451 23 reigns reign NNS 12456 451 24 of of IN 12456 451 25 Henry Henry NNP 12456 451 26 II II NNP 12456 451 27 . . . 12456 452 1 and and CC 12456 452 2 Richard Richard NNP 12456 452 3 Coeur Coeur NNP 12456 452 4 de de NNP 12456 452 5 Lion Lion NNP 12456 452 6 who who WP 12456 452 7 mentions mention VBZ 12456 452 8 Bertran Bertran NNP 12456 452 9 's 's POS 12456 452 10 name name NN 12456 452 11 . . . 12456 453 1 The the DT 12456 453 2 _ _ NNP 12456 453 3 razos razos NN 12456 453 4 _ _ NNP 12456 453 5 prefixed prefix VBD 12456 453 6 to to IN 12456 453 7 some some DT 12456 453 8 of of IN 12456 453 9 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 453 10 poems poem NNS 12456 453 11 by by IN 12456 453 12 way way NN 12456 453 13 of of IN 12456 453 14 explanation explanation NN 12456 453 15 are be VBP 12456 453 16 the the DT 12456 453 17 work work NN 12456 453 18 of of IN 12456 453 19 an an DT 12456 453 20 anonymous anonymous JJ 12456 453 21 troubadour troubadour NN 12456 453 22 ( ( -LRB- 12456 453 23 possibly possibly RB 12456 453 24 Uc Uc NNP 12456 453 25 de de FW 12456 453 26 Saint Saint NNP 12456 453 27 - - HYPH 12456 453 28 Círe Círe NNP 12456 453 29 ) ) -RRB- 12456 453 30 ; ; : 12456 453 31 they -PRON- PRP 12456 453 32 constantly constantly RB 12456 453 33 misinterpret misinterpret VBP 12456 453 34 the the DT 12456 453 35 poems poem NNS 12456 453 36 they -PRON- PRP 12456 453 37 attempt attempt VBP 12456 453 38 to to TO 12456 453 39 explain explain VB 12456 453 40 , , , 12456 453 41 confuse confuse VB 12456 453 42 names name NNS 12456 453 43 and and CC 12456 453 44 events event NNS 12456 453 45 , , , 12456 453 46 and and CC 12456 453 47 rather rather RB 12456 453 48 exaggerate exaggerate VB 12456 453 49 the the DT 12456 453 50 part part NN 12456 453 51 played play VBN 12456 453 52 by by IN 12456 453 53 Bertran Bertran NNP 12456 453 54 himself -PRON- PRP 12456 453 55 . . . 12456 454 1 Besides besides IN 12456 454 2 these these DT 12456 454 3 sources source NNS 12456 454 4 we -PRON- PRP 12456 454 5 have have VBP 12456 454 6 the the DT 12456 454 7 cartulary cartulary NN 12456 454 8 of of IN 12456 454 9 Dalon Dalon NNP 12456 454 10 , , , 12456 454 11 or or CC 12456 454 12 rather rather RB 12456 454 13 the the DT 12456 454 14 extracts extract NNS 12456 454 15 made make VBN 12456 454 16 from from IN 12456 454 17 it -PRON- PRP 12456 454 18 by by IN 12456 454 19 Guignières guignière NNS 12456 454 20 in in IN 12456 454 21 1680 1680 CD 12456 454 22 ( ( -LRB- 12456 454 23 the the DT 12456 454 24 original original NN 12456 454 25 has have VBZ 12456 454 26 been be VBN 12456 454 27 lost lose VBN 12456 454 28 ) ) -RRB- 12456 454 29 , , , 12456 454 30 which which WDT 12456 454 31 give give VBP 12456 454 32 us -PRON- PRP 12456 454 33 information information NN 12456 454 34 about about IN 12456 454 35 Bertran Bertran NNP 12456 454 36 's 's POS 12456 454 37 family family NN 12456 454 38 and and CC 12456 454 39 possessions possession NNS 12456 454 40 . . . 12456 455 1 From from IN 12456 455 2 these these DT 12456 455 3 materials material NNS 12456 455 4 , , , 12456 455 5 and and CC 12456 455 6 from from IN 12456 455 7 forty forty CD 12456 455 8 - - HYPH 12456 455 9 four four CD 12456 455 10 or or CC 12456 455 11 forty forty CD 12456 455 12 - - HYPH 12456 455 13 five five CD 12456 455 14 poems poem NNS 12456 455 15 which which WDT 12456 455 16 have have VBP 12456 455 17 come come VBN 12456 455 18 down down RP 12456 455 19 to to IN 12456 455 20 us -PRON- PRP 12456 455 21 , , , 12456 455 22 the the DT 12456 455 23 poet poet NN 12456 455 24 's 's POS 12456 455 25 life life NN 12456 455 26 can can MD 12456 455 27 be be VB 12456 455 28 reconstructed reconstruct VBN 12456 455 29 . . . 12456 456 1 Bertran Bertran NNP 12456 456 2 de de NNP 12456 456 3 Bern Bern NNP 12456 456 4 's 's POS 12456 456 5 estates estate NNS 12456 456 6 were be VBD 12456 456 7 situated situate VBN 12456 456 8 on on IN 12456 456 9 the the DT 12456 456 10 borders border NNS 12456 456 11 of of IN 12456 456 12 Limousin Limousin NNP 12456 456 13 and and CC 12456 456 14 Périgord Périgord NNP 12456 456 15 . . . 12456 457 1 The the DT 12456 457 2 family family NN 12456 457 3 was be VBD 12456 457 4 ancient ancient JJ 12456 457 5 and and CC 12456 457 6 honourable honourable JJ 12456 457 7 ; ; : 12456 457 8 from from IN 12456 457 9 the the DT 12456 457 10 cartulary cartulary JJ 12456 457 11 Bertran Bertran NNP 12456 457 12 appears appear VBZ 12456 457 13 to to TO 12456 457 14 have have VB 12456 457 15 been be VBN 12456 457 16 born bear VBN 12456 457 17 about about IN 12456 457 18 1140 1140 CD 12456 457 19 ; ; : 12456 457 20 we -PRON- PRP 12456 457 21 find find VBP 12456 457 22 him -PRON- PRP 12456 457 23 , , , 12456 457 24 with with IN 12456 457 25 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 457 26 brother brother NN 12456 457 27 Constantin Constantin NNP 12456 457 28 , , , 12456 457 29 in in IN 12456 457 30 possession possession NN 12456 457 31 of of IN 12456 457 32 the the DT 12456 457 33 castle castle NN 12456 457 34 of of IN 12456 457 35 Hautefort Hautefort NNP 12456 457 36 , , , 12456 457 37 which which WDT 12456 457 38 seems seem VBZ 12456 457 39 to to TO 12456 457 40 have have VB 12456 457 41 been be VBN 12456 457 42 a a DT 12456 457 43 strong strong JJ 12456 457 44 fortress fortress NN 12456 457 45 ; ; : 12456 457 46 the the DT 12456 457 47 lands land NNS 12456 457 48 belonging belong VBG 12456 457 49 to to IN 12456 457 50 the the DT 12456 457 51 family family NN 12456 457 52 were be VBD 12456 457 53 of of IN 12456 457 54 no no DT 12456 457 55 great great JJ 12456 457 56 extent extent NN 12456 457 57 , , , 12456 457 58 and and CC 12456 457 59 the the DT 12456 457 60 income income NN 12456 457 61 accruing accrue VBG 12456 457 62 from from IN 12456 457 63 them -PRON- PRP 12456 457 64 was be VBD 12456 457 65 but but CC 12456 457 66 scanty scanty NN 12456 457 67 . . . 12456 458 1 In in IN 12456 458 2 1179 1179 CD 12456 458 3 Bertran Bertran NNP 12456 458 4 married marry VBD 12456 458 5 one one CD 12456 458 6 Raimonde Raimonde NNP 12456 458 7 , , , 12456 458 8 of of IN 12456 458 9 whom whom WP 12456 458 10 nothing nothing NN 12456 458 11 is be VBZ 12456 458 12 known know VBN 12456 458 13 , , , 12456 458 14 except except IN 12456 458 15 that that IN 12456 458 16 she -PRON- PRP 12456 458 17 bore bear VBD 12456 458 18 him -PRON- PRP 12456 458 19 at at RB 12456 458 20 least least RBS 12456 458 21 two two CD 12456 458 22 sons son NNS 12456 458 23 . . . 12456 459 1 In in IN 12456 459 2 1192 1192 CD 12456 459 3 he -PRON- PRP 12456 459 4 lost lose VBD 12456 459 5 this this DT 12456 459 6 first first JJ 12456 459 7 [ [ -LRB- 12456 459 8 59 59 CD 12456 459 9 ] ] -RRB- 12456 459 10 wife wife NN 12456 459 11 , , , 12456 459 12 and and CC 12456 459 13 again again RB 12456 459 14 married marry VBD 12456 459 15 a a DT 12456 459 16 certain certain JJ 12456 459 17 Philippe Philippe NNP 12456 459 18 . . . 12456 460 1 His -PRON- PRP$ 12456 460 2 warlike warlike JJ 12456 460 3 and and CC 12456 460 4 turbulent turbulent JJ 12456 460 5 character character NN 12456 460 6 was be VBD 12456 460 7 the the DT 12456 460 8 natural natural JJ 12456 460 9 outcome outcome NN 12456 460 10 of of IN 12456 460 11 the the DT 12456 460 12 conditions condition NNS 12456 460 13 under under IN 12456 460 14 which which WDT 12456 460 15 he -PRON- PRP 12456 460 16 lived live VBD 12456 460 17 ; ; : 12456 460 18 the the DT 12456 460 19 feudal feudal JJ 12456 460 20 system system NN 12456 460 21 divided divide VBD 12456 460 22 the the DT 12456 460 23 country country NN 12456 460 24 into into IN 12456 460 25 a a DT 12456 460 26 number number NN 12456 460 27 of of IN 12456 460 28 fiefs fief NNS 12456 460 29 , , , 12456 460 30 the the DT 12456 460 31 boundaries boundary NNS 12456 460 32 of of IN 12456 460 33 which which WDT 12456 460 34 were be VBD 12456 460 35 ill ill RB 12456 460 36 defined define VBN 12456 460 37 , , , 12456 460 38 while while IN 12456 460 39 the the DT 12456 460 40 lords lord NNS 12456 460 41 were be VBD 12456 460 42 constantly constantly RB 12456 460 43 at at IN 12456 460 44 war war NN 12456 460 45 with with IN 12456 460 46 one one CD 12456 460 47 another another DT 12456 460 48 . . . 12456 461 1 All all DT 12456 461 2 owed owe VBN 12456 461 3 allegiance allegiance NN 12456 461 4 to to IN 12456 461 5 the the DT 12456 461 6 Duke Duke NNP 12456 461 7 of of IN 12456 461 8 Aquitaine Aquitaine NNP 12456 461 9 , , , 12456 461 10 the the DT 12456 461 11 Count Count NNP 12456 461 12 of of IN 12456 461 13 Poitou Poitou NNP 12456 461 14 , , , 12456 461 15 but but CC 12456 461 16 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 461 17 suzerainty suzerainty NN 12456 461 18 was be VBD 12456 461 19 , , , 12456 461 20 in in IN 12456 461 21 the the DT 12456 461 22 majority majority NN 12456 461 23 of of IN 12456 461 24 cases case NNS 12456 461 25 , , , 12456 461 26 rather rather RB 12456 461 27 a a DT 12456 461 28 name name NN 12456 461 29 than than IN 12456 461 30 a a DT 12456 461 31 reality reality NN 12456 461 32 . . . 12456 462 1 These these DT 12456 462 2 divisions division NNS 12456 462 3 were be VBD 12456 462 4 further further RB 12456 462 5 accentuated accentuate VBN 12456 462 6 by by IN 12456 462 7 political political JJ 12456 462 8 events event NNS 12456 462 9 ; ; : 12456 462 10 in in IN 12456 462 11 1152 1152 CD 12456 462 12 Henry Henry NNP 12456 462 13 II II NNP 12456 462 14 . . NNP 12456 462 15 , , , 12456 462 16 Count Count NNP 12456 462 17 of of IN 12456 462 18 Anjou Anjou NNP 12456 462 19 and and CC 12456 462 20 Maine Maine NNP 12456 462 21 , , , 12456 462 22 married marry VBD 12456 462 23 Eleanor Eleanor NNP 12456 462 24 , , , 12456 462 25 the the DT 12456 462 26 divorced divorced JJ 12456 462 27 wife wife NN 12456 462 28 of of IN 12456 462 29 Louis Louis NNP 12456 462 30 VII VII NNP 12456 462 31 . . . 12456 463 1 of of IN 12456 463 2 France France NNP 12456 463 3 , , , 12456 463 4 and and CC 12456 463 5 mistress mistress NN 12456 463 6 of of IN 12456 463 7 Aquitaine Aquitaine NNP 12456 463 8 . . . 12456 464 1 Henry Henry NNP 12456 464 2 became become VBD 12456 464 3 king king NN 12456 464 4 of of IN 12456 464 5 England England NNP 12456 464 6 two two CD 12456 464 7 years year NNS 12456 464 8 later later RB 12456 464 9 , , , 12456 464 10 and and CC 12456 464 11 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 464 12 rule rule NN 12456 464 13 over over IN 12456 464 14 the the DT 12456 464 15 barons baron NNS 12456 464 16 of of IN 12456 464 17 Aquitaine Aquitaine NNP 12456 464 18 , , , 12456 464 19 which which WDT 12456 464 20 had have VBD 12456 464 21 never never RB 12456 464 22 been be VBN 12456 464 23 strict strict JJ 12456 464 24 , , , 12456 464 25 became become VBD 12456 464 26 the the DT 12456 464 27 more more RBR 12456 464 28 relaxed relaxed JJ 12456 464 29 owing owing NN 12456 464 30 to to IN 12456 464 31 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 464 32 continual continual JJ 12456 464 33 absence absence NN 12456 464 34 in in IN 12456 464 35 England England NNP 12456 464 36 . . . 12456 465 1 South South NNP 12456 465 2 of of IN 12456 465 3 Aquitaine Aquitaine NNP 12456 465 4 proper proper JJ 12456 465 5 the the DT 12456 465 6 dominions dominion NNS 12456 465 7 of of IN 12456 465 8 the the DT 12456 465 9 Count Count NNP 12456 465 10 of of IN 12456 465 11 Toulouse Toulouse NNP 12456 465 12 stretched stretch VBD 12456 465 13 from from IN 12456 465 14 the the DT 12456 465 15 Garonne Garonne NNP 12456 465 16 to to IN 12456 465 17 the the DT 12456 465 18 Alps Alps NNPS 12456 465 19 ; ; : 12456 465 20 this this DT 12456 465 21 potentate potentate NN 12456 465 22 was be VBD 12456 465 23 also also RB 12456 465 24 called call VBN 12456 465 25 the the DT 12456 465 26 Duke Duke NNP 12456 465 27 of of IN 12456 465 28 Narbonne Narbonne NNP 12456 465 29 , , , 12456 465 30 and and CC 12456 465 31 was be VBD 12456 465 32 not not RB 12456 465 33 disposed dispose VBN 12456 465 34 to to TO 12456 465 35 recognise recognise VB 12456 465 36 the the DT 12456 465 37 suzerainty suzerainty NN 12456 465 38 of of IN 12456 465 39 the the DT 12456 465 40 Duke Duke NNP 12456 465 41 of of IN 12456 465 42 Aquitaine Aquitaine NNP 12456 465 43 . . . 12456 466 1 But but CC 12456 466 2 in in IN 12456 466 3 1167 1167 CD 12456 466 4 Alfonso Alfonso NNP 12456 466 5 II II NNP 12456 466 6 . . NNP 12456 466 7 , , , 12456 466 8 King King NNP 12456 466 9 of of IN 12456 466 10 Aragon Aragon NNP 12456 466 11 and and CC 12456 466 12 Count Count NNP 12456 466 13 of of IN 12456 466 14 Barcelona Barcelona NNP 12456 466 15 , , , 12456 466 16 had have VBD 12456 466 17 inherited inherit VBN 12456 466 18 Provence Provence NNP 12456 466 19 , , , 12456 466 20 to to TO 12456 466 21 which which WDT 12456 466 22 the the DT 12456 466 23 Duke Duke NNP 12456 466 24 of of IN 12456 466 25 Toulouse Toulouse NNP 12456 466 26 laid lay VBN 12456 466 27 claim claim NN 12456 466 28 . . . 12456 467 1 Henry Henry NNP 12456 467 2 and and CC 12456 467 3 Alfonso Alfonso NNP 12456 467 4 thus thus RB 12456 467 5 became become VBD 12456 467 6 natural natural JJ 12456 467 7 allies ally NNS 12456 467 8 , , , 12456 467 9 and and CC 12456 467 10 the the DT 12456 467 11 power power NN 12456 467 12 of of IN 12456 467 13 Alfonso Alfonso NNP 12456 467 14 in in IN 12456 467 15 Aragon Aragon NNP 12456 467 16 and and CC 12456 467 17 Catalonia Catalonia NNP 12456 467 18 , , , 12456 467 19 was be VBD 12456 467 20 able able JJ 12456 467 21 to to TO 12456 467 22 keep keep VB 12456 467 23 in in IN 12456 467 24 check check NN 12456 467 25 any any DT 12456 467 26 serious serious JJ 12456 467 27 attempt attempt NN 12456 467 28 that that IN 12456 467 29 the the DT 12456 467 30 Count Count NNP 12456 467 31 of of IN 12456 467 32 Toulouse Toulouse NNP 12456 467 33 might may MD 12456 467 34 have have VB 12456 467 35 meditated meditate VBN 12456 467 36 on on IN 12456 467 37 [ [ -LRB- 12456 467 38 60 60 CD 12456 467 39 ] ] -RRB- 12456 467 40 Aquitaine Aquitaine NNP 12456 467 41 . . . 12456 468 1 On on IN 12456 468 2 the the DT 12456 468 3 other other JJ 12456 468 4 hand hand NN 12456 468 5 , , , 12456 468 6 Henry Henry NNP 12456 468 7 had have VBD 12456 468 8 also also RB 12456 468 9 to to TO 12456 468 10 deal deal VB 12456 468 11 with with IN 12456 468 12 a a DT 12456 468 13 formidable formidable JJ 12456 468 14 adversary adversary NN 12456 468 15 in in IN 12456 468 16 the the DT 12456 468 17 person person NN 12456 468 18 of of IN 12456 468 19 the the DT 12456 468 20 French french JJ 12456 468 21 king king NN 12456 468 22 , , , 12456 468 23 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 468 24 lawful lawful JJ 12456 468 25 suzerain suzerain NN 12456 468 26 in in IN 12456 468 27 France France NNP 12456 468 28 . . . 12456 469 1 Louis Louis NNP 12456 469 2 VII VII NNP 12456 469 3 . . . 12456 470 1 ( ( -LRB- 12456 470 2 or or CC 12456 470 3 Philippe Philippe NNP 12456 470 4 Auguste Auguste NNP 12456 470 5 ) ) -RRB- 12456 470 6 was be VBD 12456 470 7 able able JJ 12456 470 8 to to TO 12456 470 9 turn turn VB 12456 470 10 the the DT 12456 470 11 constant constant JJ 12456 470 12 revolts revolt NNS 12456 470 13 that that WDT 12456 470 14 broke break VBD 12456 470 15 out out RP 12456 470 16 in in IN 12456 470 17 Aquitaine Aquitaine NNP 12456 470 18 to to IN 12456 470 19 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 470 20 own own JJ 12456 470 21 ends end NNS 12456 470 22 . . . 12456 471 1 These these DT 12456 471 2 circumstances circumstance NNS 12456 471 3 are be VBP 12456 471 4 sufficient sufficient JJ 12456 471 5 to to TO 12456 471 6 account account VB 12456 471 7 for for IN 12456 471 8 the the DT 12456 471 9 warlike warlike JJ 12456 471 10 nature nature NN 12456 471 11 of of IN 12456 471 12 Bertran Bertran NNP 12456 471 13 de de NNP 12456 471 14 Born Born NNP 12456 471 15 's 's POS 12456 471 16 poetry poetry NN 12456 471 17 . . . 12456 472 1 The the DT 12456 472 2 first first JJ 12456 472 3 _ _ NNP 12456 472 4 sirventes sirvente NNS 12456 472 5 _ _ NNP 12456 472 6 which which WDT 12456 472 7 can can MD 12456 472 8 be be VB 12456 472 9 dated date VBN 12456 472 10 with with IN 12456 472 11 certainty certainty NN 12456 472 12 belongs belong VBZ 12456 472 13 to to IN 12456 472 14 1181 1181 CD 12456 472 15 , , , 12456 472 16 and and CC 12456 472 17 is be VBZ 12456 472 18 a a DT 12456 472 19 call call NN 12456 472 20 to to IN 12456 472 21 the the DT 12456 472 22 allies ally NNS 12456 472 23 of of IN 12456 472 24 Raimon Raimon NNP 12456 472 25 V V NNP 12456 472 26 , , , 12456 472 27 Count Count NNP 12456 472 28 of of IN 12456 472 29 Toulouse Toulouse NNP 12456 472 30 , , , 12456 472 31 to to TO 12456 472 32 aid aid VB 12456 472 33 their -PRON- PRP$ 12456 472 34 master master NN 12456 472 35 against against IN 12456 472 36 the the DT 12456 472 37 King King NNP 12456 472 38 of of IN 12456 472 39 Aragon Aragon NNP 12456 472 40 . . . 12456 473 1 What what WP 12456 473 2 Bertran Bertran NNP 12456 473 3 's 's POS 12456 473 4 personal personal JJ 12456 473 5 share share NN 12456 473 6 in in IN 12456 473 7 the the DT 12456 473 8 campaign campaign NN 12456 473 9 was be VBD 12456 473 10 , , , 12456 473 11 we -PRON- PRP 12456 473 12 do do VBP 12456 473 13 not not RB 12456 473 14 know know VB 12456 473 15 . . . 12456 474 1 He -PRON- PRP 12456 474 2 was be VBD 12456 474 3 soon soon RB 12456 474 4 involved involve VBN 12456 474 5 in in IN 12456 474 6 a a DT 12456 474 7 quarrel quarrel NN 12456 474 8 with with IN 12456 474 9 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 474 10 brother brother NN 12456 474 11 Constantin Constantin NNP 12456 474 12 , , , 12456 474 13 with with IN 12456 474 14 whom whom WP 12456 474 15 he -PRON- PRP 12456 474 16 held hold VBD 12456 474 17 the the DT 12456 474 18 castle castle NN 12456 474 19 of of IN 12456 474 20 Hautefort Hautefort NNP 12456 474 21 in in IN 12456 474 22 common common JJ 12456 474 23 . . . 12456 475 1 Constantin Constantin NNP 12456 475 2 was be VBD 12456 475 3 driven drive VBN 12456 475 4 out out RP 12456 475 5 and and CC 12456 475 6 succeeded succeed VBD 12456 475 7 in in IN 12456 475 8 persuading persuade VBG 12456 475 9 the the DT 12456 475 10 Count Count NNP 12456 475 11 of of IN 12456 475 12 Limoges Limoges NNP 12456 475 13 and and CC 12456 475 14 Richard Richard NNP 12456 475 15 , , , 12456 475 16 Duke Duke NNP 12456 475 17 of of IN 12456 475 18 Aquitaine Aquitaine NNP 12456 475 19 , , , 12456 475 20 to to TO 12456 475 21 help help VB 12456 475 22 him -PRON- PRP 12456 475 23 . . . 12456 476 1 Richard Richard NNP 12456 476 2 , , , 12456 476 3 however however RB 12456 476 4 , , , 12456 476 5 was be VBD 12456 476 6 occupied occupy VBN 12456 476 7 elsewhere elsewhere RB 12456 476 8 , , , 12456 476 9 and and CC 12456 476 10 Bertran Bertran NNP 12456 476 11 survived survive VBD 12456 476 12 all all DT 12456 476 13 attacks attack NNS 12456 476 14 upon upon IN 12456 476 15 the the DT 12456 476 16 castle castle NN 12456 476 17 . . . 12456 477 1 In in IN 12456 477 2 1182 1182 CD 12456 477 3 he -PRON- PRP 12456 477 4 went go VBD 12456 477 5 to to IN 12456 477 6 the the DT 12456 477 7 court court NN 12456 477 8 of of IN 12456 477 9 Henry Henry NNP 12456 477 10 II II NNP 12456 477 11 . . NNP 12456 477 12 , , , 12456 477 13 during during IN 12456 477 14 a a DT 12456 477 15 temporary temporary JJ 12456 477 16 lull lull NN 12456 477 17 in in IN 12456 477 18 the the DT 12456 477 19 wars war NNS 12456 477 20 around around IN 12456 477 21 him -PRON- PRP 12456 477 22 ; ; : 12456 477 23 there there RB 12456 477 24 he -PRON- PRP 12456 477 25 proceeded proceed VBD 12456 477 26 to to TO 12456 477 27 pay pay VB 12456 477 28 court court NN 12456 477 29 to to IN 12456 477 30 the the DT 12456 477 31 Princess Princess NNP 12456 477 32 Matilda Matilda NNP 12456 477 33 , , , 12456 477 34 daughter daughter NN 12456 477 35 of of IN 12456 477 36 Henry Henry NNP 12456 477 37 II II NNP 12456 477 38 . . NNP 12456 477 39 , , , 12456 477 40 whose whose WP$ 12456 477 41 husband husband NN 12456 477 42 , , , 12456 477 43 Henry Henry NNP 12456 477 44 of of IN 12456 477 45 Saxony Saxony NNP 12456 477 46 , , , 12456 477 47 was be VBD 12456 477 48 then then RB 12456 477 49 on on IN 12456 477 50 a a DT 12456 477 51 pilgrimage pilgrimage NN 12456 477 52 . . . 12456 478 1 He -PRON- PRP 12456 478 2 also also RB 12456 478 3 took take VBD 12456 478 4 part part NN 12456 478 5 in in IN 12456 478 6 the the DT 12456 478 7 political political JJ 12456 478 8 affairs affair NNS 12456 478 9 of of IN 12456 478 10 the the DT 12456 478 11 time time NN 12456 478 12 . . . 12456 479 1 Henry Henry NNP 12456 479 2 II II NNP 12456 479 3 . . . 12456 480 1 's 's POS 12456 480 2 eldest eld JJS 12456 480 3 son son NN 12456 480 4 , , , 12456 480 5 Henry Henry NNP 12456 480 6 " " `` 12456 480 7 the the DT 12456 480 8 young young JJ 12456 480 9 king king NN 12456 480 10 , , , 12456 480 11 " " '' 12456 480 12 had have VBD 12456 480 13 been be VBN 12456 480 14 crowned crown VBN 12456 480 15 in in IN 12456 480 16 1170 1170 CD 12456 480 17 at at IN 12456 480 18 Westminster Westminster NNP 12456 480 19 , , , 12456 480 20 and and CC 12456 480 21 was be VBD 12456 480 22 anxious anxious JJ 12456 480 23 to to TO 12456 480 24 have have VB 12456 480 25 [ [ -LRB- 12456 480 26 61 61 CD 12456 480 27 ] ] -RRB- 12456 480 28 something something NN 12456 480 29 more more JJR 12456 480 30 than than IN 12456 480 31 the the DT 12456 480 32 title title NN 12456 480 33 , , , 12456 480 34 seeing see VBG 12456 480 35 that that IN 12456 480 36 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 480 37 brother brother NN 12456 480 38 Richard Richard NNP 12456 480 39 was be VBD 12456 480 40 Duke Duke NNP 12456 480 41 of of IN 12456 480 42 Aquitaine Aquitaine NNP 12456 480 43 , , , 12456 480 44 Count Count NNP 12456 480 45 of of IN 12456 480 46 Poitou Poitou NNP 12456 480 47 , , , 12456 480 48 and and CC 12456 480 49 practically practically RB 12456 480 50 an an DT 12456 480 51 independent independent JJ 12456 480 52 sovereign sovereign NN 12456 480 53 . . . 12456 481 1 Bertran Bertran NNP 12456 481 2 had have VBD 12456 481 3 not not RB 12456 481 4 forgotten forget VBN 12456 481 5 Richard Richard NNP 12456 481 6 's 's POS 12456 481 7 action action NN 12456 481 8 against against IN 12456 481 9 him -PRON- PRP 12456 481 10 on on IN 12456 481 11 behalf behalf NN 12456 481 12 of of IN 12456 481 13 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 481 14 brother brother NN 12456 481 15 Constantin Constantin NNP 12456 481 16 , , , 12456 481 17 and and CC 12456 481 18 was be VBD 12456 481 19 , , , 12456 481 20 moreover moreover RB 12456 481 21 , , , 12456 481 22 powerfully powerfully RB 12456 481 23 attracted attract VBN 12456 481 24 by by IN 12456 481 25 the the DT 12456 481 26 open open JJ 12456 481 27 and and CC 12456 481 28 generous generous JJ 12456 481 29 nature nature NN 12456 481 30 of of IN 12456 481 31 the the DT 12456 481 32 young young JJ 12456 481 33 king king NN 12456 481 34 . . . 12456 482 1 He -PRON- PRP 12456 482 2 therefore therefore RB 12456 482 3 took take VBD 12456 482 4 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 482 5 side side NN 12456 482 6 , , , 12456 482 7 and and CC 12456 482 8 on on IN 12456 482 9 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 482 10 return return NN 12456 482 11 to to IN 12456 482 12 Limousin Limousin NNP 12456 482 13 became become VBD 12456 482 14 the the DT 12456 482 15 central central JJ 12456 482 16 point point NN 12456 482 17 of of IN 12456 482 18 the the DT 12456 482 19 league league NN 12456 482 20 which which WDT 12456 482 21 was be VBD 12456 482 22 formed form VBN 12456 482 23 against against IN 12456 482 24 Richard Richard NNP 12456 482 25 . . . 12456 483 1 Henry Henry NNP 12456 483 2 II II NNP 12456 483 3 . . . 12456 484 1 succeeded succeed VBN 12456 484 2 in in IN 12456 484 3 reconciling reconcile VBG 12456 484 4 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 484 5 two two CD 12456 484 6 sons son NNS 12456 484 7 , , , 12456 484 8 the the DT 12456 484 9 young young JJ 12456 484 10 Henry Henry NNP 12456 484 11 receiving receive VBG 12456 484 12 pecuniary pecuniary JJ 12456 484 13 compensation compensation NN 12456 484 14 in in IN 12456 484 15 lieu lieu NN 12456 484 16 of of IN 12456 484 17 political political JJ 12456 484 18 power power NN 12456 484 19 . . . 12456 485 1 But but CC 12456 485 2 the the DT 12456 485 3 young young JJ 12456 485 4 Henry Henry NNP 12456 485 5 seems seem VBZ 12456 485 6 to to TO 12456 485 7 have have VB 12456 485 8 been be VBN 12456 485 9 really really RB 12456 485 10 moved move VBN 12456 485 11 by by IN 12456 485 12 Bertran Bertran NNP 12456 485 13 's 's POS 12456 485 14 reproaches reproach NNS 12456 485 15 , , , 12456 485 16 and and CC 12456 485 17 at at IN 12456 485 18 length length NN 12456 485 19 revolted revolt VBN 12456 485 20 against against IN 12456 485 21 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 485 22 father father NN 12456 485 23 and and CC 12456 485 24 attacked attack VBD 12456 485 25 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 485 26 brother brother NN 12456 485 27 Richard Richard NNP 12456 485 28 . . . 12456 486 1 While while IN 12456 486 2 he -PRON- PRP 12456 486 3 was be VBD 12456 486 4 in in IN 12456 486 5 Turenne Turenne NNP 12456 486 6 , , , 12456 486 7 the the DT 12456 486 8 young young JJ 12456 486 9 king king NN 12456 486 10 fell fall VBD 12456 486 11 sick sick JJ 12456 486 12 and and CC 12456 486 13 died die VBD 12456 486 14 on on IN 12456 486 15 June June NNP 12456 486 16 11 11 CD 12456 486 17 , , , 12456 486 18 1183 1183 CD 12456 486 19 . . . 12456 487 1 Bertran Bertran NNP 12456 487 2 lamented lament VBD 12456 487 3 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 487 4 loss loss NN 12456 487 5 in in IN 12456 487 6 two two CD 12456 487 7 famous famous JJ 12456 487 8 poems poem NNS 12456 487 9 , , , 12456 487 10 and and CC 12456 487 11 soon soon RB 12456 487 12 felt feel VBD 12456 487 13 the the DT 12456 487 14 material material JJ 12456 487 15 effects effect NNS 12456 487 16 of of IN 12456 487 17 it -PRON- PRP 12456 487 18 . . . 12456 488 1 On on IN 12456 488 2 June June NNP 12456 488 3 29 29 CD 12456 488 4 , , , 12456 488 5 Richard Richard NNP 12456 488 6 and and CC 12456 488 7 the the DT 12456 488 8 King King NNP 12456 488 9 of of IN 12456 488 10 Aragon Aragon NNP 12456 488 11 arrived arrive VBD 12456 488 12 before before IN 12456 488 13 Hautefort Hautefort NNP 12456 488 14 , , , 12456 488 15 which which WDT 12456 488 16 surrendered surrender VBD 12456 488 17 after after IN 12456 488 18 a a DT 12456 488 19 week week NN 12456 488 20 's 's POS 12456 488 21 resistance resistance NN 12456 488 22 . . . 12456 489 1 Richard Richard NNP 12456 489 2 restored restore VBD 12456 489 3 the the DT 12456 489 4 castle castle NN 12456 489 5 to to IN 12456 489 6 Constantin Constantin NNP 12456 489 7 , , , 12456 489 8 but but CC 12456 489 9 Bertran Bertran NNP 12456 489 10 regained regain VBD 12456 489 11 possession possession NN 12456 489 12 , , , 12456 489 13 as as IN 12456 489 14 is be VBZ 12456 489 15 related relate VBN 12456 489 16 in in IN 12456 489 17 the the DT 12456 489 18 second second JJ 12456 489 19 biography biography NN 12456 489 20 . . . 12456 490 1 Henceforward Henceforward NNP 12456 490 2 , , , 12456 490 3 Bertran Bertran NNP 12456 490 4 remained remain VBD 12456 490 5 faithful faithful JJ 12456 490 6 to to IN 12456 490 7 Richard Richard NNP 12456 490 8 , , , 12456 490 9 and and CC 12456 490 10 directed direct VBD 12456 490 11 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 490 12 animosity animosity NN 12456 490 13 chiefly chiefly RB 12456 490 14 against against IN 12456 490 15 the the DT 12456 490 16 King King NNP 12456 490 17 of of IN 12456 490 18 Aragon Aragon NNP 12456 490 19 . . . 12456 491 1 At at IN 12456 491 2 the the DT 12456 491 3 same same JJ 12456 491 4 time time NN 12456 491 5 it -PRON- PRP 12456 491 6 appears appear VBZ 12456 491 7 that that IN 12456 491 8 he -PRON- PRP 12456 491 9 would would MD 12456 491 10 have have VB 12456 491 11 been be VBN 12456 491 12 equally equally RB 12456 491 13 pleased pleased JJ 12456 491 14 with with IN 12456 491 15 any any DT 12456 491 16 war war NN 12456 491 17 , , , 12456 491 18 which which WDT 12456 491 19 [ [ -LRB- 12456 491 20 62 62 CD 12456 491 21 ] ] -RRB- 12456 491 22 would would MD 12456 491 23 have have VB 12456 491 24 brought bring VBN 12456 491 25 profit profit NN 12456 491 26 to to IN 12456 491 27 himself -PRON- PRP 12456 491 28 , , , 12456 491 29 and and CC 12456 491 30 attempted attempt VBD 12456 491 31 to to TO 12456 491 32 excite excite VB 12456 491 33 Richard Richard NNP 12456 491 34 against against IN 12456 491 35 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 491 36 father father NN 12456 491 37 , , , 12456 491 38 Henry Henry NNP 12456 491 39 II II NNP 12456 491 40 . . . 12456 492 1 This this DT 12456 492 2 project project NN 12456 492 3 came come VBD 12456 492 4 to to IN 12456 492 5 nothing nothing NN 12456 492 6 , , , 12456 492 7 but but CC 12456 492 8 war war NN 12456 492 9 broke break VBD 12456 492 10 out out RP 12456 492 11 between between IN 12456 492 12 Richard Richard NNP 12456 492 13 and and CC 12456 492 14 the the DT 12456 492 15 French french JJ 12456 492 16 king king NN 12456 492 17 ; ; : 12456 492 18 a a DT 12456 492 19 truce truce NN 12456 492 20 of of IN 12456 492 21 two two CD 12456 492 22 years year NNS 12456 492 23 was be VBD 12456 492 24 concluded conclude VBN 12456 492 25 , , , 12456 492 26 and and CC 12456 492 27 again again RB 12456 492 28 broken break VBN 12456 492 29 by by IN 12456 492 30 Richard Richard NNP 12456 492 31 . . . 12456 493 1 The the DT 12456 493 2 Church Church NNP 12456 493 3 , , , 12456 493 4 however however RB 12456 493 5 , , , 12456 493 6 interfered interfere VBD 12456 493 7 with with IN 12456 493 8 its -PRON- PRP$ 12456 493 9 efforts effort NNS 12456 493 10 to to TO 12456 493 11 organise organise VB 12456 493 12 the the DT 12456 493 13 Third Third NNP 12456 493 14 Crusade Crusade NNP 12456 493 15 , , , 12456 493 16 which which WDT 12456 493 17 called call VBD 12456 493 18 from from IN 12456 493 19 Bertran Bertran NNP 12456 493 20 two two CD 12456 493 21 _ _ NNP 12456 493 22 sirventes sirvente NNS 12456 493 23 _ _ NNP 12456 493 24 in in IN 12456 493 25 honour honour NN 12456 493 26 of of IN 12456 493 27 Conrad Conrad NNP 12456 493 28 , , , 12456 493 29 son son NN 12456 493 30 of of IN 12456 493 31 the the DT 12456 493 32 Marquis Marquis NNP 12456 493 33 of of IN 12456 493 34 Montferrat Montferrat NNP 12456 493 35 , , , 12456 493 36 who who WP 12456 493 37 was be VBD 12456 493 38 defending defend VBG 12456 493 39 Tyre Tyre NNP 12456 493 40 against against IN 12456 493 41 Saladin Saladin NNP 12456 493 42 . . . 12456 494 1 Bertran Bertran NNP 12456 494 2 remained remain VBD 12456 494 3 at at IN 12456 494 4 home home NN 12456 494 5 in in IN 12456 494 6 Limousin Limousin NNP 12456 494 7 during during IN 12456 494 8 this this DT 12456 494 9 Crusade Crusade NNP 12456 494 10 ; ; : 12456 494 11 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 494 12 means mean NNS 12456 494 13 were be VBD 12456 494 14 obviously obviously RB 12456 494 15 insufficient insufficient JJ 12456 494 16 to to TO 12456 494 17 enable enable VB 12456 494 18 him -PRON- PRP 12456 494 19 to to TO 12456 494 20 share share VB 12456 494 21 in in RP 12456 494 22 so so RB 12456 494 23 distant distant JJ 12456 494 24 a a DT 12456 494 25 campaign campaign NN 12456 494 26 ; ; : 12456 494 27 other other JJ 12456 494 28 , , , 12456 494 29 and and CC 12456 494 30 for for IN 12456 494 31 him -PRON- PRP 12456 494 32 , , , 12456 494 33 equally equally RB 12456 494 34 cogent cogent JJ 12456 494 35 reasons reason NNS 12456 494 36 for for IN 12456 494 37 remaining remain VBG 12456 494 38 at at IN 12456 494 39 home home NN 12456 494 40 may may MD 12456 494 41 be be VB 12456 494 42 gathered gather VBN 12456 494 43 from from IN 12456 494 44 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 494 45 poems poem NNS 12456 494 46 . . . 12456 495 1 There there EX 12456 495 2 followed follow VBD 12456 495 3 the the DT 12456 495 4 quarrels quarrel NNS 12456 495 5 between between IN 12456 495 6 Richard Richard NNP 12456 495 7 and and CC 12456 495 8 the the DT 12456 495 9 French french JJ 12456 495 10 king king NN 12456 495 11 , , , 12456 495 12 the the DT 12456 495 13 return return NN 12456 495 14 to to IN 12456 495 15 France France NNP 12456 495 16 of of IN 12456 495 17 the the DT 12456 495 18 latter latter JJ 12456 495 19 , , , 12456 495 20 and and CC 12456 495 21 finally finally RB 12456 495 22 Richard Richard NNP 12456 495 23 's 's POS 12456 495 24 capture capture NN 12456 495 25 on on IN 12456 495 26 the the DT 12456 495 27 Illyrian illyrian JJ 12456 495 28 coast coast NN 12456 495 29 and and CC 12456 495 30 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 495 31 imprisonment imprisonment NN 12456 495 32 by by IN 12456 495 33 Henry Henry NNP 12456 495 34 VI VI NNP 12456 495 35 . . . 12456 496 1 of of IN 12456 496 2 Austria Austria NNP 12456 496 3 , , , 12456 496 4 which which WDT 12456 496 5 terminated terminate VBD 12456 496 6 in in IN 12456 496 7 1194 1194 CD 12456 496 8 . . . 12456 497 1 Richard Richard NNP 12456 497 2 then then RB 12456 497 3 came come VBD 12456 497 4 into into IN 12456 497 5 Aquitaine Aquitaine NNP 12456 497 6 , , , 12456 497 7 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 497 8 return return NN 12456 497 9 being be VBG 12456 497 10 celebrated celebrate VBN 12456 497 11 by by IN 12456 497 12 two two CD 12456 497 13 poems poem NNS 12456 497 14 from from IN 12456 497 15 Bertran Bertran NNP 12456 497 16 . . . 12456 498 1 The the DT 12456 498 2 Provençal Provençal NNP 12456 498 3 biography biography NN 12456 498 4 informs inform VBZ 12456 498 5 us -PRON- PRP 12456 498 6 that that IN 12456 498 7 Bertran Bertran NNP 12456 498 8 finally finally RB 12456 498 9 became become VBD 12456 498 10 a a DT 12456 498 11 monk monk NN 12456 498 12 in in IN 12456 498 13 the the DT 12456 498 14 Order order NN 12456 498 15 of of IN 12456 498 16 Citeaux Citeaux NNP 12456 498 17 . . . 12456 499 1 The the DT 12456 499 2 convent convent NN 12456 499 3 where where WRB 12456 499 4 he -PRON- PRP 12456 499 5 spent spend VBD 12456 499 6 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 499 7 last last JJ 12456 499 8 years year NNS 12456 499 9 was be VBD 12456 499 10 the the DT 12456 499 11 abbey abbey NN 12456 499 12 of of IN 12456 499 13 Dalon Dalon NNP 12456 499 14 , , , 12456 499 15 near near IN 12456 499 16 Hautefort Hautefort NNP 12456 499 17 . . . 12456 500 1 The the DT 12456 500 2 cartulary cartulary NN 12456 500 3 mentions mention VBZ 12456 500 4 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 500 5 name name NN 12456 500 6 at at IN 12456 500 7 various various JJ 12456 500 8 intervals interval NNS 12456 500 9 from from IN 12456 500 10 1197 1197 CD 12456 500 11 to to IN 12456 500 12 1202 1202 CD 12456 500 13 . . . 12456 501 1 In in IN 12456 501 2 1215 1215 CD 12456 501 3 we -PRON- PRP 12456 501 4 have have VBP 12456 501 5 the the DT 12456 501 6 entry entry NN 12456 501 7 " " `` 12456 501 8 _ _ NNP 12456 501 9 octavo,[63 octavo,[63 NNP 12456 501 10 ] ] -RRB- 12456 501 11 candela candela NNP 12456 501 12 in in IN 12456 501 13 sepulcro sepulcro NNP 12456 501 14 ponitur ponitur NNP 12456 501 15 pro pro NNP 12456 501 16 Bernardo Bernardo NNP 12456 501 17 de de NNP 12456 501 18 Born Born NNP 12456 501 19 : : : 12456 501 20 cera cera NNP 12456 501 21 tres tre VBZ 12456 501 22 solidos solidos NNP 12456 501 23 empta empta NNP 12456 501 24 est est NNP 12456 501 25 _ _ NNP 12456 501 26 . . . 12456 501 27 " " '' 12456 502 1 This this DT 12456 502 2 is be VBZ 12456 502 3 the the DT 12456 502 4 only only JJ 12456 502 5 notice notice NN 12456 502 6 of of IN 12456 502 7 the the DT 12456 502 8 poet poet NN 12456 502 9 's 's POS 12456 502 10 death death NN 12456 502 11 . . . 12456 503 1 Dante Dante NNP 12456 503 2 perhaps perhaps RB 12456 503 3 exaggerated exaggerate VBD 12456 503 4 the the DT 12456 503 5 part part NN 12456 503 6 he -PRON- PRP 12456 503 7 played play VBD 12456 503 8 in in IN 12456 503 9 stirring stir VBG 12456 503 10 up up RP 12456 503 11 strife strife NN 12456 503 12 between between IN 12456 503 13 Henry Henry NNP 12456 503 14 II II NNP 12456 503 15 . . . 12456 504 1 and and CC 12456 504 2 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 504 3 sons son NNS 12456 504 4 ; ; : 12456 504 5 modern modern JJ 12456 504 6 writers writer NNS 12456 504 7 go go VBP 12456 504 8 to to IN 12456 504 9 the the DT 12456 504 10 other other JJ 12456 504 11 extreme extreme NN 12456 504 12 . . . 12456 505 1 Bertran Bertran NNP 12456 505 2 is be VBZ 12456 505 3 especially especially RB 12456 505 4 famous famous JJ 12456 505 5 for for IN 12456 505 6 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 505 7 political political JJ 12456 505 8 _ _ NNP 12456 505 9 sirventes sirvente NNS 12456 505 10 _ _ NNP 12456 505 11 and and CC 12456 505 12 for for IN 12456 505 13 the the DT 12456 505 14 martial martial JJ 12456 505 15 note note NN 12456 505 16 which which WDT 12456 505 17 rings ring NNS 12456 505 18 through through IN 12456 505 19 much much JJ 12456 505 20 of of IN 12456 505 21 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 505 22 poetry poetry NN 12456 505 23 . . . 12456 506 1 He -PRON- PRP 12456 506 2 loved love VBD 12456 506 3 war war NN 12456 506 4 both both DT 12456 506 5 for for IN 12456 506 6 itself -PRON- PRP 12456 506 7 and and CC 12456 506 8 for for IN 12456 506 9 the the DT 12456 506 10 profits profit NNS 12456 506 11 which which WDT 12456 506 12 it -PRON- PRP 12456 506 13 brought bring VBD 12456 506 14 : : : 12456 506 15 " " `` 12456 506 16 The the DT 12456 506 17 powerful powerful JJ 12456 506 18 are be VBP 12456 506 19 more more RBR 12456 506 20 generous generous JJ 12456 506 21 and and CC 12456 506 22 open open JJ 12456 506 23 - - HYPH 12456 506 24 handed handed JJ 12456 506 25 when when WRB 12456 506 26 they -PRON- PRP 12456 506 27 have have VBP 12456 506 28 war war NN 12456 506 29 than than IN 12456 506 30 when when WRB 12456 506 31 they -PRON- PRP 12456 506 32 have have VBP 12456 506 33 peace peace NN 12456 506 34 . . . 12456 506 35 " " '' 12456 507 1 The the DT 12456 507 2 troubadour troubadour NN 12456 507 3 's 's POS 12456 507 4 two two CD 12456 507 5 _ _ NNP 12456 507 6 planhs planhs RB 12456 507 7 _ _ NNP 12456 507 8 upon upon IN 12456 507 9 the the DT 12456 507 10 " " `` 12456 507 11 young young JJ 12456 507 12 king king NN 12456 507 13 's 's POS 12456 507 14 " " `` 12456 507 15 death death NN 12456 507 16 are be VBP 12456 507 17 inspired inspire VBN 12456 507 18 by by IN 12456 507 19 real real JJ 12456 507 20 feeling feeling NN 12456 507 21 , , , 12456 507 22 and and CC 12456 507 23 the the DT 12456 507 24 story story NN 12456 507 25 of of IN 12456 507 26 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 507 27 reconciliation reconciliation NN 12456 507 28 with with IN 12456 507 29 Henry Henry NNP 12456 507 30 after after IN 12456 507 31 the the DT 12456 507 32 capture capture NN 12456 507 33 of of IN 12456 507 34 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 507 35 castle castle NN 12456 507 36 can can MD 12456 507 37 hardly hardly RB 12456 507 38 have have VB 12456 507 39 been be VBN 12456 507 40 known know VBN 12456 507 41 to to IN 12456 507 42 Dante Dante NNP 12456 507 43 , , , 12456 507 44 who who WP 12456 507 45 would would MD 12456 507 46 surely surely RB 12456 507 47 have have VB 12456 507 48 modified modify VBN 12456 507 49 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 507 50 judgment judgment NN 12456 507 51 upon upon IN 12456 507 52 the the DT 12456 507 53 troubadour troubadour JJ 12456 507 54 if if IN 12456 507 55 he -PRON- PRP 12456 507 56 had have VBD 12456 507 57 remembered remember VBN 12456 507 58 that that DT 12456 507 59 scene scene NN 12456 507 60 as as IN 12456 507 61 related relate VBN 12456 507 62 by by IN 12456 507 63 the the DT 12456 507 64 biography biography NN 12456 507 65 . . . 12456 508 1 Sir Sir NNP 12456 508 2 Bertran Bertran NNP 12456 508 3 was be VBD 12456 508 4 summoned summon VBN 12456 508 5 with with IN 12456 508 6 all all PDT 12456 508 7 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 508 8 people people NNS 12456 508 9 to to IN 12456 508 10 King King NNP 12456 508 11 Henry Henry NNP 12456 508 12 's 's POS 12456 508 13 tent tent NN 12456 508 14 , , , 12456 508 15 who who WP 12456 508 16 received receive VBD 12456 508 17 him -PRON- PRP 12456 508 18 very very RB 12456 508 19 harshly harshly RB 12456 508 20 and and CC 12456 508 21 said say VBD 12456 508 22 , , , 12456 508 23 " " `` 12456 508 24 Bertran Bertran NNP 12456 508 25 , , , 12456 508 26 you -PRON- PRP 12456 508 27 declared declare VBD 12456 508 28 that that IN 12456 508 29 you -PRON- PRP 12456 508 30 never never RB 12456 508 31 needed need VBD 12456 508 32 more more JJR 12456 508 33 than than IN 12456 508 34 half half PDT 12456 508 35 your -PRON- PRP$ 12456 508 36 senses sense NNS 12456 508 37 ; ; : 12456 508 38 it -PRON- PRP 12456 508 39 seems seem VBZ 12456 508 40 that that IN 12456 508 41 to to IN 12456 508 42 - - HYPH 12456 508 43 day day NN 12456 508 44 you -PRON- PRP 12456 508 45 will will MD 12456 508 46 want want VB 12456 508 47 the the DT 12456 508 48 whole whole NN 12456 508 49 of of IN 12456 508 50 them -PRON- PRP 12456 508 51 . . . 12456 508 52 " " '' 12456 509 1 " " `` 12456 509 2 Sire Sire NNP 12456 509 3 " " '' 12456 509 4 , , , 12456 509 5 said say VBD 12456 509 6 Bertran Bertran NNP 12456 509 7 , , , 12456 509 8 " " `` 12456 509 9 it -PRON- PRP 12456 509 10 is be VBZ 12456 509 11 true true JJ 12456 509 12 that that IN 12456 509 13 I -PRON- PRP 12456 509 14 said say VBD 12456 509 15 so so RB 12456 509 16 and and CC 12456 509 17 I -PRON- PRP 12456 509 18 said say VBD 12456 509 19 nothing nothing NN 12456 509 20 but but IN 12456 509 21 the the DT 12456 509 22 truth truth NN 12456 509 23 . . . 12456 509 24 " " '' 12456 510 1 The the DT 12456 510 2 king king NN 12456 510 3 replied reply VBD 12456 510 4 , , , 12456 510 5 " " `` 12456 510 6 Then then RB 12456 510 7 you -PRON- PRP 12456 510 8 seem seem VBP 12456 510 9 to to IN 12456 510 10 me -PRON- PRP 12456 510 11 to to TO 12456 510 12 have have VB 12456 510 13 lost lose VBN 12456 510 14 your -PRON- PRP$ 12456 510 15 senses sense NNS 12456 510 16 entirely entirely RB 12456 510 17 " " '' 12456 510 18 . . . 12456 511 1 " " `` 12456 511 2 I -PRON- PRP 12456 511 3 have have VBP 12456 511 4 indeed indeed RB 12456 511 5 lost lose VBN 12456 511 6 them -PRON- PRP 12456 511 7 " " '' 12456 511 8 , , , 12456 511 9 said say VBD 12456 511 10 Bertran Bertran NNP 12456 511 11 . . . 12456 512 1 " " `` 12456 512 2 And and CC 12456 512 3 how how WRB 12456 512 4 ? ? . 12456 512 5 " " '' 12456 513 1 [ [ -LRB- 12456 513 2 64 64 CD 12456 513 3 ] ] -RRB- 12456 513 4 asked ask VBD 12456 513 5 the the DT 12456 513 6 king king NN 12456 513 7 . . . 12456 514 1 " " `` 12456 514 2 Sire Sire NNP 12456 514 3 , , , 12456 514 4 on on IN 12456 514 5 the the DT 12456 514 6 day day NN 12456 514 7 that that WDT 12456 514 8 the the DT 12456 514 9 noble noble JJ 12456 514 10 king king NN 12456 514 11 , , , 12456 514 12 your -PRON- PRP$ 12456 514 13 son son NN 12456 514 14 , , , 12456 514 15 died die VBD 12456 514 16 , , , 12456 514 17 I -PRON- PRP 12456 514 18 lost lose VBD 12456 514 19 sense sense NN 12456 514 20 , , , 12456 514 21 knowledge knowledge NN 12456 514 22 and and CC 12456 514 23 understanding understanding NN 12456 514 24 . . . 12456 514 25 " " '' 12456 515 1 When when WRB 12456 515 2 the the DT 12456 515 3 king king NN 12456 515 4 heard hear VBD 12456 515 5 Bertran Bertran NNP 12456 515 6 speak speak VB 12456 515 7 of of IN 12456 515 8 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 515 9 son son NN 12456 515 10 with with IN 12456 515 11 tears tear NNS 12456 515 12 , , , 12456 515 13 he -PRON- PRP 12456 515 14 was be VBD 12456 515 15 deeply deeply RB 12456 515 16 moved move VBN 12456 515 17 and and CC 12456 515 18 overcome overcome VB 12456 515 19 with with IN 12456 515 20 grief grief NN 12456 515 21 . . . 12456 516 1 On on IN 12456 516 2 recovering recover VBG 12456 516 3 himself -PRON- PRP 12456 516 4 he -PRON- PRP 12456 516 5 cried cry VBD 12456 516 6 , , , 12456 516 7 weeping weep VBG 12456 516 8 , , , 12456 516 9 " " `` 12456 516 10 Ah ah UH 12456 516 11 , , , 12456 516 12 Bertran Bertran NNP 12456 516 13 , , , 12456 516 14 rightly rightly RB 12456 516 15 did do VBD 12456 516 16 you -PRON- PRP 12456 516 17 lose lose VB 12456 516 18 your -PRON- PRP$ 12456 516 19 senses sense NNS 12456 516 20 for for IN 12456 516 21 my -PRON- PRP$ 12456 516 22 son son NN 12456 516 23 , , , 12456 516 24 for for IN 12456 516 25 there there EX 12456 516 26 was be VBD 12456 516 27 no no DT 12456 516 28 one one NN 12456 516 29 in in IN 12456 516 30 the the DT 12456 516 31 world world NN 12456 516 32 whom whom WP 12456 516 33 he -PRON- PRP 12456 516 34 loved love VBD 12456 516 35 as as IN 12456 516 36 you -PRON- PRP 12456 516 37 . . . 12456 517 1 And and CC 12456 517 2 for for IN 12456 517 3 love love NN 12456 517 4 of of IN 12456 517 5 him -PRON- PRP 12456 517 6 , , , 12456 517 7 not not RB 12456 517 8 only only RB 12456 517 9 do do VBP 12456 517 10 I -PRON- PRP 12456 517 11 give give VB 12456 517 12 you -PRON- PRP 12456 517 13 your -PRON- PRP$ 12456 517 14 life life NN 12456 517 15 , , , 12456 517 16 but but CC 12456 517 17 also also RB 12456 517 18 your -PRON- PRP$ 12456 517 19 castle castle NN 12456 517 20 and and CC 12456 517 21 your -PRON- PRP$ 12456 517 22 goods good NNS 12456 517 23 , , , 12456 517 24 and and CC 12456 517 25 I -PRON- PRP 12456 517 26 add add VBP 12456 517 27 with with IN 12456 517 28 my -PRON- PRP$ 12456 517 29 love love NN 12456 517 30 five five CD 12456 517 31 hundred hundred CD 12456 517 32 silver silver NN 12456 517 33 marks mark NNS 12456 517 34 to to TO 12456 517 35 repair repair VB 12456 517 36 the the DT 12456 517 37 loss loss NN 12456 517 38 which which WDT 12456 517 39 you -PRON- PRP 12456 517 40 have have VBP 12456 517 41 suffered suffer VBN 12456 517 42 . . . 12456 517 43 " " '' 12456 518 1 The the DT 12456 518 2 narrative narrative NN 12456 518 3 is be VBZ 12456 518 4 unhistorical unhistorical JJ 12456 518 5 ; ; : 12456 518 6 Henry Henry NNP 12456 518 7 II II NNP 12456 518 8 . . . 12456 519 1 was be VBD 12456 519 2 not not RB 12456 519 3 present present JJ 12456 519 4 in in IN 12456 519 5 person person NN 12456 519 6 at at IN 12456 519 7 the the DT 12456 519 8 siege siege NN 12456 519 9 of of IN 12456 519 10 Hautefort Hautefort NNP 12456 519 11 ; ; : 12456 519 12 but but CC 12456 519 13 the the DT 12456 519 14 fact fact NN 12456 519 15 is be VBZ 12456 519 16 certain certain JJ 12456 519 17 that that IN 12456 519 18 he -PRON- PRP 12456 519 19 regarded regard VBD 12456 519 20 Bertran Bertran NNP 12456 519 21 as as IN 12456 519 22 the the DT 12456 519 23 chief chief JJ 12456 519 24 sower sower NN 12456 519 25 of of IN 12456 519 26 discord discord NN 12456 519 27 in in IN 12456 519 28 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 519 29 family family NN 12456 519 30 . . . 12456 520 1 Mention mention NN 12456 520 2 must must MD 12456 520 3 now now RB 12456 520 4 be be VB 12456 520 5 made make VBN 12456 520 6 of of IN 12456 520 7 certain certain JJ 12456 520 8 troubadours troubadour NNS 12456 520 9 who who WP 12456 520 10 were be VBD 12456 520 11 less less RBR 12456 520 12 important important JJ 12456 520 13 than than IN 12456 520 14 the the DT 12456 520 15 three three CD 12456 520 16 last last JJ 12456 520 17 mentioned mention VBN 12456 520 18 , , , 12456 520 19 but but CC 12456 520 20 are be VBP 12456 520 21 of of IN 12456 520 22 interest interest NN 12456 520 23 for for IN 12456 520 24 various various JJ 12456 520 25 reasons reason NNS 12456 520 26 . . . 12456 521 1 Raimbaut Raimbaut NNP 12456 521 2 d'Aurenga d'Aurenga NNP 12456 521 3 , , , 12456 521 4 Count Count NNP 12456 521 5 of of IN 12456 521 6 Orange Orange NNP 12456 521 7 from from IN 12456 521 8 1150 1150 CD 12456 521 9 - - SYM 12456 521 10 1173 1173 CD 12456 521 11 , , , 12456 521 12 is be VBZ 12456 521 13 interesting interesting JJ 12456 521 14 rather rather RB 12456 521 15 by by IN 12456 521 16 reason reason NN 12456 521 17 of of IN 12456 521 18 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 521 19 relations relation NNS 12456 521 20 with with IN 12456 521 21 other other JJ 12456 521 22 troubadours troubadour NNS 12456 521 23 than than IN 12456 521 24 for for IN 12456 521 25 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 521 26 own own JJ 12456 521 27 achievements achievement NNS 12456 521 28 in in IN 12456 521 29 the the DT 12456 521 30 troubadours troubadour NNS 12456 521 31 ' ' POS 12456 521 32 art art NN 12456 521 33 . . . 12456 522 1 He -PRON- PRP 12456 522 2 was be VBD 12456 522 3 a a DT 12456 522 4 follower follower NN 12456 522 5 of of IN 12456 522 6 the the DT 12456 522 7 precious precious JJ 12456 522 8 , , , 12456 522 9 artificial artificial JJ 12456 522 10 and and CC 12456 522 11 obscure obscure JJ 12456 522 12 style style NN 12456 522 13 , , , 12456 522 14 and and CC 12456 522 15 prided pride VBD 12456 522 16 himself -PRON- PRP 12456 522 17 upon upon IN 12456 522 18 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 522 19 skill skill NN 12456 522 20 in in IN 12456 522 21 the the DT 12456 522 22 combination combination NN 12456 522 23 of of IN 12456 522 24 difficult difficult JJ 12456 522 25 rimes rime NNS 12456 522 26 and and CC 12456 522 27 the the DT 12456 522 28 repetition repetition NN 12456 522 29 of of IN 12456 522 30 equivocal equivocal JJ 12456 522 31 rimes rime NNS 12456 522 32 ( ( -LRB- 12456 522 33 the the DT 12456 522 34 same same JJ 12456 522 35 word word NN 12456 522 36 used use VBN 12456 522 37 in in IN 12456 522 38 different different JJ 12456 522 39 senses sense NNS 12456 522 40 or or CC 12456 522 41 grammatical grammatical JJ 12456 522 42 forms form NNS 12456 522 43 ) ) -RRB- 12456 522 44 . . . 12456 523 1 " " `` 12456 523 2 Since since IN 12456 523 3 Adam Adam NNP 12456 523 4 ate eat VBD 12456 523 5 the the DT 12456 523 6 apple apple NN 12456 523 7 , , , 12456 523 8 " " '' 12456 523 9 he -PRON- PRP 12456 523 10 says say VBZ 12456 523 11 , , , 12456 523 12 " " `` 12456 523 13 there there EX 12456 523 14 is be VBZ 12456 523 15 no no DT 12456 523 16 poet poet NN 12456 523 17 , , , 12456 523 18 loud loud JJ 12456 523 19 as as IN 12456 523 20 [ [ -LRB- 12456 523 21 65 65 CD 12456 523 22 ] ] -RRB- 12456 523 23 he -PRON- PRP 12456 523 24 may may MD 12456 523 25 proclaim proclaim VB 12456 523 26 himself -PRON- PRP 12456 523 27 , , , 12456 523 28 whose whose WP$ 12456 523 29 art art NN 12456 523 30 is be VBZ 12456 523 31 worth worth JJ 12456 523 32 a a DT 12456 523 33 turnip turnip NN 12456 523 34 compared compare VBN 12456 523 35 with with IN 12456 523 36 mine mine NN 12456 523 37 . . . 12456 523 38 " " '' 12456 524 1 Apart apart RB 12456 524 2 from from IN 12456 524 3 these these DT 12456 524 4 mountebank mountebank JJ 12456 524 5 tricks trick NNS 12456 524 6 and and CC 12456 524 7 certain certain JJ 12456 524 8 mild mild JJ 12456 524 9 " " `` 12456 524 10 conceits conceit NNS 12456 524 11 " " '' 12456 524 12 ( ( -LRB- 12456 524 13 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 524 14 lady lady NN 12456 524 15 's 's POS 12456 524 16 smile smile NN 12456 524 17 , , , 12456 524 18 for for IN 12456 524 19 instance instance NN 12456 524 20 , , , 12456 524 21 makes make VBZ 12456 524 22 him -PRON- PRP 12456 524 23 happier happy JJR 12456 524 24 than than IN 12456 524 25 the the DT 12456 524 26 smile smile NN 12456 524 27 of of IN 12456 524 28 four four CD 12456 524 29 hundred hundred CD 12456 524 30 angels angel NNS 12456 524 31 could could MD 12456 524 32 do do VB 12456 524 33 ) ) -RRB- 12456 524 34 , , , 12456 524 35 the the DT 12456 524 36 chief chief JJ 12456 524 37 characteristic characteristic NN 12456 524 38 of of IN 12456 524 39 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 524 40 poetry poetry NN 12456 524 41 is be VBZ 12456 524 42 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 524 43 constant constant JJ 12456 524 44 complaints complaint NNS 12456 524 45 of of IN 12456 524 46 slanderers slanderer NNS 12456 524 47 who who WP 12456 524 48 attempt attempt VBP 12456 524 49 to to TO 12456 524 50 undermine undermine VB 12456 524 51 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 524 52 credit credit NN 12456 524 53 with with IN 12456 524 54 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 524 55 lady lady NN 12456 524 56 . . . 12456 525 1 But but CC 12456 525 2 he -PRON- PRP 12456 525 3 seems seem VBZ 12456 525 4 to to TO 12456 525 5 have have VB 12456 525 6 aroused arouse VBN 12456 525 7 a a DT 12456 525 8 passion passion NN 12456 525 9 in in IN 12456 525 10 the the DT 12456 525 11 heart heart NN 12456 525 12 of of IN 12456 525 13 a a DT 12456 525 14 poetess poetess NN 12456 525 15 , , , 12456 525 16 who who WP 12456 525 17 expressed express VBD 12456 525 18 her -PRON- PRP$ 12456 525 19 feelings feeling NNS 12456 525 20 in in IN 12456 525 21 words word NNS 12456 525 22 which which WDT 12456 525 23 contrast contrast VBP 12456 525 24 strongly strongly RB 12456 525 25 with with IN 12456 525 26 Raimbaut Raimbaut NNP 12456 525 27 's 's POS 12456 525 28 vapid vapid NN 12456 525 29 sentimentalities sentimentality NNS 12456 525 30 . . . 12456 526 1 This this DT 12456 526 2 was be VBD 12456 526 3 Beatrice Beatrice NNP 12456 526 4 , , , 12456 526 5 Countess Countess NNP 12456 526 6 of of IN 12456 526 7 Die Die NNP 12456 526 8 and and CC 12456 526 9 the the DT 12456 526 10 wife wife NN 12456 526 11 of of IN 12456 526 12 Count Count NNP 12456 526 13 William William NNP 12456 526 14 of of IN 12456 526 15 Poitiers Poitiers NNP 12456 526 16 . . . 12456 527 1 The the DT 12456 527 2 names name NNS 12456 527 3 , , , 12456 527 4 at at IN 12456 527 5 least least JJS 12456 527 6 , , , 12456 527 7 of of IN 12456 527 8 seventeen seventeen CD 12456 527 9 poetesses poetess NNS 12456 527 10 are be VBP 12456 527 11 known know VBN 12456 527 12 to to IN 12456 527 13 us -PRON- PRP 12456 527 14 and and CC 12456 527 15 of of IN 12456 527 16 these these DT 12456 527 17 the the DT 12456 527 18 Countess Countess NNP 12456 527 19 of of IN 12456 527 20 Die Die NNP 12456 527 21 is be VBZ 12456 527 22 the the DT 12456 527 23 most most RBS 12456 527 24 famous famous JJ 12456 527 25 . . . 12456 528 1 Like like IN 12456 528 2 the the DT 12456 528 3 rest rest NN 12456 528 4 of of IN 12456 528 5 her -PRON- PRP$ 12456 528 6 sex sex NN 12456 528 7 who who WP 12456 528 8 essayed essay VBD 12456 528 9 the the DT 12456 528 10 troubadour troubadour NN 12456 528 11 's 's POS 12456 528 12 art art NN 12456 528 13 , , , 12456 528 14 the the DT 12456 528 15 Countess Countess NNP 12456 528 16 knows know VBZ 12456 528 17 nothing nothing NN 12456 528 18 of of IN 12456 528 19 difficult difficult JJ 12456 528 20 rhymes rhyme NNS 12456 528 21 or or CC 12456 528 22 obscurity obscurity NN 12456 528 23 of of IN 12456 528 24 style style NN 12456 528 25 . . . 12456 529 1 Simplicity simplicity NN 12456 529 2 and and CC 12456 529 3 sincerity sincerity NN 12456 529 4 are be VBP 12456 529 5 the the DT 12456 529 6 keynotes keynote NNS 12456 529 7 of of IN 12456 529 8 her -PRON- PRP$ 12456 529 9 poetry poetry NN 12456 529 10 . . . 12456 530 1 The the DT 12456 530 2 troubadour troubadour NN 12456 530 3 sang sing VBD 12456 530 4 because because IN 12456 530 5 he -PRON- PRP 12456 530 6 was be VBD 12456 530 7 a a DT 12456 530 8 professional professional JJ 12456 530 9 poet poet NN 12456 530 10 , , , 12456 530 11 but but CC 12456 530 12 the the DT 12456 530 13 lady lady NN 12456 530 14 who who WP 12456 530 15 composed compose VBD 12456 530 16 poetry poetry NN 12456 530 17 did do VBD 12456 530 18 so so RB 12456 530 19 from from IN 12456 530 20 love love NN 12456 530 21 of of IN 12456 530 22 the the DT 12456 530 23 art art NN 12456 530 24 or or CC 12456 530 25 from from IN 12456 530 26 the the DT 12456 530 27 inspiration inspiration NN 12456 530 28 of of IN 12456 530 29 feeling feeling NN 12456 530 30 and and CC 12456 530 31 therefore therefore RB 12456 530 32 felt feel VBD 12456 530 33 no no DT 12456 530 34 need need NN 12456 530 35 of of IN 12456 530 36 meretricious meretricious JJ 12456 530 37 adornment adornment NN 12456 530 38 for for IN 12456 530 39 her -PRON- PRP$ 12456 530 40 song song NN 12456 530 41 . . . 12456 531 1 The the DT 12456 531 2 five five CD 12456 531 3 poems poem NNS 12456 531 4 of of IN 12456 531 5 the the DT 12456 531 6 Countess Countess NNP 12456 531 7 which which WDT 12456 531 8 remain remain VBP 12456 531 9 to to IN 12456 531 10 us -PRON- PRP 12456 531 11 show show VB 12456 531 12 that that IN 12456 531 13 her -PRON- PRP$ 12456 531 14 sentiment sentiment NN 12456 531 15 for for IN 12456 531 16 Raimbaut Raimbaut NNP 12456 531 17 was be VBD 12456 531 18 real real JJ 12456 531 19 and and CC 12456 531 20 deep deep JJ 12456 531 21 . . . 12456 532 1 " " `` 12456 532 2 I -PRON- PRP 12456 532 3 am be VBP 12456 532 4 glad glad JJ 12456 532 5 to to TO 12456 532 6 know know VB 12456 532 7 that that IN 12456 532 8 the the DT 12456 532 9 man man NN 12456 532 10 I -PRON- PRP 12456 532 11 love love VBP 12456 532 12 is be VBZ 12456 532 13 the the DT 12456 532 14 worthiest worthiest NN 12456 532 15 in in IN 12456 532 16 the the DT 12456 532 17 world world NN 12456 532 18 ; ; : 12456 532 19 may may MD 12456 532 20 God God NNP 12456 532 21 give give VB 12456 532 22 great great JJ 12456 532 23 joy joy NN 12456 532 24 to to IN 12456 532 25 the the DT 12456 532 26 one one NN 12456 532 27 who who WP 12456 532 28 first first RB 12456 532 29 brought bring VBD 12456 532 30 me -PRON- PRP 12456 532 31 to to IN 12456 532 32 him -PRON- PRP 12456 532 33 : : : 12456 532 34 [ [ -LRB- 12456 532 35 66 66 CD 12456 532 36 ] ] -RRB- 12456 532 37 may may MD 12456 532 38 he -PRON- PRP 12456 532 39 trust trust VB 12456 532 40 only only RB 12456 532 41 in in IN 12456 532 42 me -PRON- PRP 12456 532 43 , , , 12456 532 44 whatever whatever WDT 12456 532 45 slanders slander NNS 12456 532 46 be be VB 12456 532 47 reported report VBN 12456 532 48 to to IN 12456 532 49 him -PRON- PRP 12456 532 50 : : : 12456 532 51 for for IN 12456 532 52 often often RB 12456 532 53 a a DT 12456 532 54 man man NN 12456 532 55 plucks pluck VBZ 12456 532 56 the the DT 12456 532 57 rod rod NN 12456 532 58 with with IN 12456 532 59 which which WDT 12456 532 60 he -PRON- PRP 12456 532 61 beats beat VBZ 12456 532 62 himself -PRON- PRP 12456 532 63 . . . 12456 533 1 The the DT 12456 533 2 woman woman NN 12456 533 3 who who WP 12456 533 4 values value VBZ 12456 533 5 her -PRON- PRP$ 12456 533 6 good good JJ 12456 533 7 name name NN 12456 533 8 should should MD 12456 533 9 set set VB 12456 533 10 her -PRON- PRP$ 12456 533 11 love love NN 12456 533 12 upon upon IN 12456 533 13 a a DT 12456 533 14 noble noble JJ 12456 533 15 and and CC 12456 533 16 valiant valiant JJ 12456 533 17 knight knight NN 12456 533 18 : : : 12456 533 19 when when WRB 12456 533 20 she -PRON- PRP 12456 533 21 knows know VBZ 12456 533 22 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 533 23 worth worth NN 12456 533 24 , , , 12456 533 25 let let VB 12456 533 26 her -PRON- PRP 12456 533 27 not not RB 12456 533 28 hide hide VB 12456 533 29 her -PRON- PRP$ 12456 533 30 love love NN 12456 533 31 . . . 12456 534 1 When when WRB 12456 534 2 a a DT 12456 534 3 woman woman NN 12456 534 4 loves love VBZ 12456 534 5 thus thus RB 12456 534 6 openly openly RB 12456 534 7 , , , 12456 534 8 the the DT 12456 534 9 noble noble JJ 12456 534 10 and and CC 12456 534 11 worthy worthy JJ 12456 534 12 speak speak NN 12456 534 13 of of IN 12456 534 14 her -PRON- PRP$ 12456 534 15 love love NN 12456 534 16 only only RB 12456 534 17 with with IN 12456 534 18 sympathy sympathy NN 12456 534 19 . . . 12456 534 20 " " '' 12456 535 1 Raimbaut Raimbaut NNP 12456 535 2 , , , 12456 535 3 however however RB 12456 535 4 , , , 12456 535 5 did do VBD 12456 535 6 not not RB 12456 535 7 reciprocate reciprocate VB 12456 535 8 these these DT 12456 535 9 feelings feeling NNS 12456 535 10 : : : 12456 535 11 in in IN 12456 535 12 a a DT 12456 535 13 _ _ NNP 12456 535 14 tenso tenso NN 12456 535 15 _ _ NNP 12456 535 16 with with IN 12456 535 17 the the DT 12456 535 18 countess countess NN 12456 535 19 he -PRON- PRP 12456 535 20 shows show VBZ 12456 535 21 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 535 22 real real JJ 12456 535 23 sentiments sentiment NNS 12456 535 24 while while IN 12456 535 25 excusing excuse VBG 12456 535 26 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 535 27 conduct conduct NN 12456 535 28 . . . 12456 536 1 He -PRON- PRP 12456 536 2 assures assure VBZ 12456 536 3 her -PRON- PRP 12456 536 4 that that IN 12456 536 5 he -PRON- PRP 12456 536 6 has have VBZ 12456 536 7 avoided avoid VBN 12456 536 8 her -PRON- PRP 12456 536 9 only only RB 12456 536 10 because because IN 12456 536 11 he -PRON- PRP 12456 536 12 did do VBD 12456 536 13 not not RB 12456 536 14 wish wish VB 12456 536 15 to to TO 12456 536 16 provide provide VB 12456 536 17 slanderers slanderer NNS 12456 536 18 with with IN 12456 536 19 matter matter NN 12456 536 20 for for IN 12456 536 21 gossip gossip NN 12456 536 22 ; ; : 12456 536 23 to to TO 12456 536 24 which which WDT 12456 536 25 the the DT 12456 536 26 Countess Countess NNP 12456 536 27 replies reply VBZ 12456 536 28 that that IN 12456 536 29 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 536 30 care care NN 12456 536 31 for for IN 12456 536 32 her -PRON- PRP$ 12456 536 33 reputation reputation NN 12456 536 34 is be VBZ 12456 536 35 excessive excessive JJ 12456 536 36 . . . 12456 537 1 Peire Peire NNP 12456 537 2 Rogier Rogier NNP 12456 537 3 whose whose WP$ 12456 537 4 poetical poetical JJ 12456 537 5 career career NN 12456 537 6 lies lie NNS 12456 537 7 between between IN 12456 537 8 the the DT 12456 537 9 years year NNS 12456 537 10 1160 1160 CD 12456 537 11 and and CC 12456 537 12 1180 1180 CD 12456 537 13 , , , 12456 537 14 also also RB 12456 537 15 spent spend VBD 12456 537 16 some some DT 12456 537 17 time time NN 12456 537 18 at at IN 12456 537 19 Raimbaut Raimbaut NNP 12456 537 20 's 's POS 12456 537 21 court court NN 12456 537 22 . . . 12456 538 1 He -PRON- PRP 12456 538 2 belonged belong VBD 12456 538 3 to to IN 12456 538 4 Auvergne Auvergne NNP 12456 538 5 by by IN 12456 538 6 birth birth NN 12456 538 7 and and CC 12456 538 8 was be VBD 12456 538 9 attached attach VBN 12456 538 10 to to IN 12456 538 11 the the DT 12456 538 12 court court NN 12456 538 13 of of IN 12456 538 14 Ermengarde Ermengarde NNP 12456 538 15 of of IN 12456 538 16 Narbonne Narbonne NNP 12456 538 17 for for IN 12456 538 18 some some DT 12456 538 19 years year NNS 12456 538 20 : : : 12456 538 21 here here RB 12456 538 22 there there EX 12456 538 23 is be VBZ 12456 538 24 no no DT 12456 538 25 doubt doubt NN 12456 538 26 that that IN 12456 538 27 we -PRON- PRP 12456 538 28 have have VBP 12456 538 29 a a DT 12456 538 30 case case NN 12456 538 31 of of IN 12456 538 32 a a DT 12456 538 33 troubadour troubadour NN 12456 538 34 in in IN 12456 538 35 an an DT 12456 538 36 official official JJ 12456 538 37 position position NN 12456 538 38 and and CC 12456 538 39 nothing nothing NN 12456 538 40 more more RBR 12456 538 41 : : : 12456 538 42 possibly possibly RB 12456 538 43 Peire Peire NNP 12456 538 44 Rogier Rogier NNP 12456 538 45 's 's POS 12456 538 46 tendency tendency NN 12456 538 47 to to IN 12456 538 48 preaching preach VBG 12456 538 49 -- -- : 12456 538 50 he -PRON- PRP 12456 538 51 had have VBD 12456 538 52 been be VBN 12456 538 53 educated educate VBN 12456 538 54 for for IN 12456 538 55 the the DT 12456 538 56 church church NN 12456 538 57 -- -- : 12456 538 58 was be VBD 12456 538 59 enough enough JJ 12456 538 60 to to TO 12456 538 61 stifle stifle VB 12456 538 62 any any DT 12456 538 63 sentiment sentiment NN 12456 538 64 on on IN 12456 538 65 the the DT 12456 538 66 lady lady NN 12456 538 67 's 's POS 12456 538 68 side side NN 12456 538 69 . . . 12456 539 1 On on IN 12456 539 2 leaving leave VBG 12456 539 3 Narbonne Narbonne NNP 12456 539 4 , , , 12456 539 5 he -PRON- PRP 12456 539 6 visited visit VBD 12456 539 7 Raimbaut Raimbaut NNP 12456 539 8 at at IN 12456 539 9 Orange Orange NNP 12456 539 10 and and CC 12456 539 11 afterwards afterwards RB 12456 539 12 travelled travel VBD 12456 539 13 to to IN 12456 539 14 Spain Spain NNP 12456 539 15 and and CC 12456 539 16 Toulouse Toulouse NNP 12456 539 17 , , , 12456 539 18 finally finally RB 12456 539 19 entering enter VBG 12456 539 20 a a DT 12456 539 21 monastery monastery NN 12456 539 22 where where WRB 12456 539 23 he -PRON- PRP 12456 539 24 ended end VBD 12456 539 25 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 539 26 life life NN 12456 539 27 . . . 12456 540 1 Auvergne auvergne NN 12456 540 2 produced produce VBD 12456 540 3 a a DT 12456 540 4 far far RB 12456 540 5 more more RBR 12456 540 6 important important JJ 12456 540 7 troubadour troubadour NN 12456 540 8 in in IN 12456 540 9 the the DT 12456 540 10 person person NN 12456 540 11 of of IN 12456 540 12 Peire Peire NNP 12456 540 13 [ [ -LRB- 12456 540 14 67 67 CD 12456 540 15 ] ] -RRB- 12456 540 16 d'Auvergne d'Auvergne NNP 12456 540 17 , , , 12456 540 18 whose whose WP$ 12456 540 19 work work NN 12456 540 20 extended extend VBD 12456 540 21 from from IN 12456 540 22 about about IN 12456 540 23 1158 1158 CD 12456 540 24 to to IN 12456 540 25 1180 1180 CD 12456 540 26 ; ; : 12456 540 27 he -PRON- PRP 12456 540 28 was be VBD 12456 540 29 thus thus RB 12456 540 30 more more RBR 12456 540 31 or or CC 12456 540 32 less less RBR 12456 540 33 contemporary contemporary JJ 12456 540 34 with with IN 12456 540 35 Guiraut Guiraut NNP 12456 540 36 de de FW 12456 540 37 Bornelh Bornelh NNP 12456 540 38 and and CC 12456 540 39 Bernart Bernart NNP 12456 540 40 de de NNP 12456 540 41 Ventadour Ventadour NNP 12456 540 42 . . . 12456 541 1 He -PRON- PRP 12456 541 2 was be VBD 12456 541 3 , , , 12456 541 4 according accord VBG 12456 541 5 to to IN 12456 541 6 the the DT 12456 541 7 biography biography NN 12456 541 8 , , , 12456 541 9 the the DT 12456 541 10 son son NN 12456 541 11 of of IN 12456 541 12 a a DT 12456 541 13 citizen citizen NN 12456 541 14 of of IN 12456 541 15 Clermont Clermont NNP 12456 541 16 - - HYPH 12456 541 17 Ferrand Ferrand NNP 12456 541 18 , , , 12456 541 19 and and CC 12456 541 20 " " `` 12456 541 21 the the DT 12456 541 22 first first JJ 12456 541 23 troubadour troubadour NN 12456 541 24 , , , 12456 541 25 who who WP 12456 541 26 lived live VBD 12456 541 27 beyond beyond IN 12456 541 28 the the DT 12456 541 29 mountains mountain NNS 12456 541 30 ( ( -LRB- 12456 541 31 i.e. i.e. FW 12456 542 1 the the DT 12456 542 2 Pyrenees Pyrenees NNPS 12456 542 3 , , , 12456 542 4 which which WDT 12456 542 5 , , , 12456 542 6 however however RB 12456 542 7 , , , 12456 542 8 Marcabrun Marcabrun NNP 12456 542 9 had have VBD 12456 542 10 previously previously RB 12456 542 11 crossed cross VBN 12456 542 12 ) ) -RRB- 12456 542 13 ... ... NFP 12456 542 14 he -PRON- PRP 12456 542 15 was be VBD 12456 542 16 regarded regard VBN 12456 542 17 as as IN 12456 542 18 the the DT 12456 542 19 best good JJS 12456 542 20 troubadour troubadour NN 12456 542 21 until until IN 12456 542 22 Guiraut Guiraut NNP 12456 542 23 de de FW 12456 542 24 Bornelh Bornelh NNP 12456 542 25 appeared appear VBD 12456 542 26 .... .... . 12456 543 1 He -PRON- PRP 12456 543 2 was be VBD 12456 543 3 very very RB 12456 543 4 proud proud JJ 12456 543 5 of of IN 12456 543 6 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 543 7 talents talent NNS 12456 543 8 and and CC 12456 543 9 despised despise VBD 12456 543 10 other other JJ 12456 543 11 troubadours troubadour NNS 12456 543 12 . . . 12456 543 13 " " '' 12456 544 1 Other other JJ 12456 544 2 notices notice NNS 12456 544 3 state state NN 12456 544 4 that that IN 12456 544 5 he -PRON- PRP 12456 544 6 was be VBD 12456 544 7 educated educate VBN 12456 544 8 for for IN 12456 544 9 an an DT 12456 544 10 ecclesiastical ecclesiastical JJ 12456 544 11 career career NN 12456 544 12 and and CC 12456 544 13 was be VBD 12456 544 14 at at IN 12456 544 15 one one CD 12456 544 16 time time NN 12456 544 17 a a DT 12456 544 18 canon canon NN 12456 544 19 . . . 12456 545 1 He -PRON- PRP 12456 545 2 had have VBD 12456 545 3 no no DT 12456 545 4 small small JJ 12456 545 5 idea idea NN 12456 545 6 of of IN 12456 545 7 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 545 8 own own JJ 12456 545 9 powers power NNS 12456 545 10 : : : 12456 545 11 " " `` 12456 545 12 Peire Peire NNP 12456 545 13 d'Auvergne d'Auvergne NNP 12456 545 14 , , , 12456 545 15 " " '' 12456 545 16 he -PRON- PRP 12456 545 17 says say VBZ 12456 545 18 in in IN 12456 545 19 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 545 20 satire satire NN 12456 545 21 upon upon IN 12456 545 22 other other JJ 12456 545 23 troubadours troubadour NNS 12456 545 24 " " '' 12456 545 25 has have VBZ 12456 545 26 such such PDT 12456 545 27 a a DT 12456 545 28 voice voice NN 12456 545 29 that that IN 12456 545 30 he -PRON- PRP 12456 545 31 can can MD 12456 545 32 sing sing VB 12456 545 33 in in IN 12456 545 34 all all DT 12456 545 35 tones tone NNS 12456 545 36 and and CC 12456 545 37 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 545 38 melodies melody NNS 12456 545 39 are be VBP 12456 545 40 sweet sweet JJ 12456 545 41 and and CC 12456 545 42 pleasant pleasant JJ 12456 545 43 : : : 12456 545 44 he -PRON- PRP 12456 545 45 is be VBZ 12456 545 46 master master NN 12456 545 47 of of IN 12456 545 48 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 545 49 art art NN 12456 545 50 , , , 12456 545 51 if if IN 12456 545 52 he -PRON- PRP 12456 545 53 would would MD 12456 545 54 but but CC 12456 545 55 put put VB 12456 545 56 a a DT 12456 545 57 little little JJ 12456 545 58 clarity clarity NN 12456 545 59 into into IN 12456 545 60 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 545 61 poems poem NNS 12456 545 62 , , , 12456 545 63 which which WDT 12456 545 64 are be VBP 12456 545 65 difficult difficult JJ 12456 545 66 to to TO 12456 545 67 understand understand VB 12456 545 68 . . . 12456 545 69 " " '' 12456 546 1 The the DT 12456 546 2 last last JJ 12456 546 3 observation observation NN 12456 546 4 is be VBZ 12456 546 5 entirely entirely RB 12456 546 6 correct correct JJ 12456 546 7 : : : 12456 546 8 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 546 9 poems poem NNS 12456 546 10 are be VBP 12456 546 11 often often RB 12456 546 12 very very RB 12456 546 13 obscure obscure JJ 12456 546 14 . . . 12456 547 1 Peire Peire NNP 12456 547 2 travelled travel VBD 12456 547 3 , , , 12456 547 4 in in IN 12456 547 5 the the DT 12456 547 6 pursuit pursuit NN 12456 547 7 of of IN 12456 547 8 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 547 9 profession profession NN 12456 547 10 , , , 12456 547 11 to to IN 12456 547 12 the the DT 12456 547 13 court court NN 12456 547 14 of of IN 12456 547 15 Sancho Sancho NNP 12456 547 16 III III NNP 12456 547 17 . . . 12456 548 1 of of IN 12456 548 2 Castile Castile NNP 12456 548 3 and and CC 12456 548 4 made make VBD 12456 548 5 some some DT 12456 548 6 stay stay NN 12456 548 7 in in IN 12456 548 8 Spain Spain NNP 12456 548 9 : : : 12456 548 10 he -PRON- PRP 12456 548 11 is be VBZ 12456 548 12 also also RB 12456 548 13 found find VBN 12456 548 14 at at IN 12456 548 15 the the DT 12456 548 16 courts court NNS 12456 548 17 of of IN 12456 548 18 Raimon Raimon NNP 12456 548 19 V. V. NNP 12456 548 20 of of IN 12456 548 21 Toulouse Toulouse NNP 12456 548 22 and and CC 12456 548 23 , , , 12456 548 24 like like IN 12456 548 25 Peire Peire NNP 12456 548 26 Rogier Rogier NNP 12456 548 27 , , , 12456 548 28 at at IN 12456 548 29 Narbonne Narbonne NNP 12456 548 30 . . . 12456 549 1 Among among IN 12456 549 2 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 549 3 poems poem NNS 12456 549 4 , , , 12456 549 5 two two CD 12456 549 6 are be VBP 12456 549 7 especially especially RB 12456 549 8 well well RB 12456 549 9 known known JJ 12456 549 10 . . . 12456 550 1 In in IN 12456 550 2 a a DT 12456 550 3 love love NN 12456 550 4 poem poem NN 12456 550 5 he -PRON- PRP 12456 550 6 makes make VBZ 12456 550 7 the the DT 12456 550 8 nightingale nightingale NN 12456 550 9 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 550 10 messenger messenger NN 12456 550 11 , , , 12456 550 12 as as IN 12456 550 13 Marcabrun Marcabrun NNP 12456 550 14 had have VBD 12456 550 15 [ [ -LRB- 12456 550 16 68 68 CD 12456 550 17 ] ] -RRB- 12456 550 18 used use VBD 12456 550 19 the the DT 12456 550 20 starling starling NN 12456 550 21 and and CC 12456 550 22 as as IN 12456 550 23 others other NNS 12456 550 24 used use VBD 12456 550 25 the the DT 12456 550 26 swallow swallow NN 12456 550 27 or or CC 12456 550 28 parrot parrot NN 12456 550 29 . . . 12456 551 1 But but CC 12456 551 2 in in IN 12456 551 3 comparison comparison NN 12456 551 4 with with IN 12456 551 5 Marcabrun Marcabrun NNP 12456 551 6 , , , 12456 551 7 Peire Peire NNP 12456 551 8 d'Auvergne d'Auvergne NNP 12456 551 9 worked work VBD 12456 551 10 out out RP 12456 551 11 the the DT 12456 551 12 idea idea NN 12456 551 13 with with IN 12456 551 14 a a DT 12456 551 15 far far RB 12456 551 16 more more RBR 12456 551 17 delicate delicate JJ 12456 551 18 poetical poetical JJ 12456 551 19 touch touch NN 12456 551 20 . . . 12456 552 1 The the DT 12456 552 2 other other JJ 12456 552 3 poem poem NN 12456 552 4 is be VBZ 12456 552 5 a a DT 12456 552 6 _ _ NNP 12456 552 7 sirventes sirvente NNS 12456 552 8 _ _ NNP 12456 552 9 which which WDT 12456 552 10 is be VBZ 12456 552 11 of of IN 12456 552 12 interest interest NN 12456 552 13 as as IN 12456 552 14 being be VBG 12456 552 15 the the DT 12456 552 16 first first JJ 12456 552 17 attempt attempt NN 12456 552 18 at at IN 12456 552 19 literary literary JJ 12456 552 20 satire satire NN 12456 552 21 among among IN 12456 552 22 the the DT 12456 552 23 troubadours troubadour NNS 12456 552 24 ; ; : 12456 552 25 the the DT 12456 552 26 satire satire NN 12456 552 27 is be VBZ 12456 552 28 often often RB 12456 552 29 rather rather RB 12456 552 30 of of IN 12456 552 31 a a DT 12456 552 32 personal personal JJ 12456 552 33 than than IN 12456 552 34 of of IN 12456 552 35 a a DT 12456 552 36 literary literary JJ 12456 552 37 character character NN 12456 552 38 ; ; : 12456 552 39 the the DT 12456 552 40 following follow VBG 12456 552 41 quotations quotation NNS 12456 552 42 referring refer VBG 12456 552 43 to to IN 12456 552 44 troubadours troubadours VB 12456 552 45 already already RB 12456 552 46 named name VBN 12456 552 47 will will MD 12456 552 48 show show VB 12456 552 49 Peire Peire NNP 12456 552 50 's 's POS 12456 552 51 ideas idea NNS 12456 552 52 of of IN 12456 552 53 literary literary JJ 12456 552 54 criticism criticism NN 12456 552 55 . . . 12456 553 1 " " `` 12456 553 2 Peire Peire NNP 12456 553 3 Rogier Rogier NNP 12456 553 4 sings sing NNS 12456 553 5 of of IN 12456 553 6 love love NN 12456 553 7 without without IN 12456 553 8 restraint restraint NN 12456 553 9 and and CC 12456 553 10 it -PRON- PRP 12456 553 11 would would MD 12456 553 12 befit befit VB 12456 553 13 him -PRON- PRP 12456 553 14 better well RBR 12456 553 15 to to TO 12456 553 16 carry carry VB 12456 553 17 the the DT 12456 553 18 psalter psalter NN 12456 553 19 in in IN 12456 553 20 the the DT 12456 553 21 church church NN 12456 553 22 or or CC 12456 553 23 to to TO 12456 553 24 bear bear VB 12456 553 25 the the DT 12456 553 26 lights light NNS 12456 553 27 with with IN 12456 553 28 the the DT 12456 553 29 great great JJ 12456 553 30 burning burning NN 12456 553 31 candles candle NNS 12456 553 32 . . . 12456 554 1 Guiraut Guiraut NNP 12456 554 2 de de FW 12456 554 3 Bornelh Bornelh NNP 12456 554 4 is be VBZ 12456 554 5 like like IN 12456 554 6 a a DT 12456 554 7 sun sun NN 12456 554 8 - - HYPH 12456 554 9 bleached bleach VBN 12456 554 10 cloth cloth NN 12456 554 11 with with IN 12456 554 12 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 554 13 thin thin JJ 12456 554 14 miserable miserable JJ 12456 554 15 song song NN 12456 554 16 which which WDT 12456 554 17 might may MD 12456 554 18 suit suit VB 12456 554 19 an an DT 12456 554 20 old old JJ 12456 554 21 Norman Norman NNP 12456 554 22 water water NN 12456 554 23 - - HYPH 12456 554 24 carrier carrier NN 12456 554 25 . . . 12456 555 1 Bernart Bernart NNP 12456 555 2 de de NNP 12456 555 3 Ventadour Ventadour NNP 12456 555 4 is be VBZ 12456 555 5 even even RB 12456 555 6 smaller small JJR 12456 555 7 than than IN 12456 555 8 Guiraut Guiraut NNP 12456 555 9 de de FW 12456 555 10 Bornelh Bornelh NNP 12456 555 11 by by IN 12456 555 12 a a DT 12456 555 13 thumb thumb NN 12456 555 14 's 's POS 12456 555 15 length length NN 12456 555 16 ; ; : 12456 555 17 but but CC 12456 555 18 he -PRON- PRP 12456 555 19 had have VBD 12456 555 20 a a DT 12456 555 21 servant servant NN 12456 555 22 for for IN 12456 555 23 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 555 24 father father NN 12456 555 25 who who WP 12456 555 26 shot shoot VBD 12456 555 27 well well RB 12456 555 28 with with IN 12456 555 29 the the DT 12456 555 30 long long JJ 12456 555 31 bow bow NN 12456 555 32 while while IN 12456 555 33 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 555 34 mother mother NN 12456 555 35 tended tend VBD 12456 555 36 the the DT 12456 555 37 furnace furnace NN 12456 555 38 . . . 12456 555 39 " " '' 12456 556 1 The the DT 12456 556 2 satiric satiric JJ 12456 556 3 _ _ NNP 12456 556 4 sirventes sirvente NNS 12456 556 5 _ _ NNP 12456 556 6 soon soon RB 12456 556 7 found find VBD 12456 556 8 imitators imitator NNS 12456 556 9 : : : 12456 556 10 the the DT 12456 556 11 Monk Monk NNP 12456 556 12 of of IN 12456 556 13 Montaudon Montaudon NNP 12456 556 14 produced produce VBD 12456 556 15 a a DT 12456 556 16 similar similar JJ 12456 556 17 composition composition NN 12456 556 18 . . . 12456 557 1 Like like IN 12456 557 2 many many JJ 12456 557 3 other other JJ 12456 557 4 troubadours troubadour NNS 12456 557 5 , , , 12456 557 6 Peire Peire NNP 12456 557 7 ended end VBD 12456 557 8 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 557 9 life life NN 12456 557 10 in in IN 12456 557 11 a a DT 12456 557 12 monastery monastery NN 12456 557 13 . . . 12456 558 1 To to IN 12456 558 2 this this DT 12456 558 3 period period NN 12456 558 4 of of IN 12456 558 5 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 558 6 career career NN 12456 558 7 probably probably RB 12456 558 8 , , , 12456 558 9 belong belong VB 12456 558 10 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 558 11 religious religious JJ 12456 558 12 poems poem NNS 12456 558 13 of of IN 12456 558 14 which which WDT 12456 558 15 we -PRON- PRP 12456 558 16 shall shall MD 12456 558 17 have have VB 12456 558 18 occasion occasion NN 12456 558 19 to to TO 12456 558 20 speak speak VB 12456 558 21 later later RB 12456 558 22 . . . 12456 559 1 We -PRON- PRP 12456 559 2 have have VBP 12456 559 3 already already RB 12456 559 4 observed observe VBN 12456 559 5 that that IN 12456 559 6 the the DT 12456 559 7 Church Church NNP 12456 559 8 contributed contribute VBD 12456 559 9 members member NNS 12456 559 10 , , , 12456 559 11 though though RB 12456 559 12 with with IN 12456 559 13 some some DT 12456 559 14 reluctance reluctance NN 12456 559 15 , , , 12456 559 16 to to IN 12456 559 17 the the DT 12456 559 18 ranks rank NNS 12456 559 19 of of IN 12456 559 20 the the DT 12456 559 21 troubadours troubadour NNS 12456 559 22 . . . 12456 560 1 One one CD 12456 560 2 of of IN 12456 560 3 the the DT 12456 560 4 most most JJS 12456 560 5 [ [ -LRB- 12456 560 6 69 69 CD 12456 560 7 ] ] -RRB- 12456 560 8 striking striking JJ 12456 560 9 figures figure NNS 12456 560 10 of of IN 12456 560 11 the the DT 12456 560 12 kind kind NN 12456 560 13 is be VBZ 12456 560 14 the the DT 12456 560 15 Monk Monk NNP 12456 560 16 of of IN 12456 560 17 Montaudon Montaudon NNP 12456 560 18 ( ( -LRB- 12456 560 19 1180 1180 CD 12456 560 20 - - SYM 12456 560 21 1200 1200 CD 12456 560 22 ) ) -RRB- 12456 560 23 : : : 12456 560 24 the the DT 12456 560 25 satirical satirical JJ 12456 560 26 power power NN 12456 560 27 of of IN 12456 560 28 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 560 29 _ _ NNP 12456 560 30 sirventes sirvente NNS 12456 560 31 _ _ NNP 12456 560 32 attracted attract VBD 12456 560 33 attention attention NN 12456 560 34 , , , 12456 560 35 and and CC 12456 560 36 he -PRON- PRP 12456 560 37 gained gain VBD 12456 560 38 much much JJ 12456 560 39 wealth wealth NN 12456 560 40 at at IN 12456 560 41 the the DT 12456 560 42 various various JJ 12456 560 43 courts court NNS 12456 560 44 which which WDT 12456 560 45 he -PRON- PRP 12456 560 46 visited visit VBD 12456 560 47 ; ; : 12456 560 48 this this DT 12456 560 49 he -PRON- PRP 12456 560 50 used use VBD 12456 560 51 for for IN 12456 560 52 the the DT 12456 560 53 benefit benefit NN 12456 560 54 of of IN 12456 560 55 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 560 56 priory priory NN 12456 560 57 . . . 12456 561 1 He -PRON- PRP 12456 561 2 enjoyed enjoy VBD 12456 561 3 the the DT 12456 561 4 favour favour NN 12456 561 5 of of IN 12456 561 6 Philippe Philippe NNP 12456 561 7 Auguste Auguste NNP 12456 561 8 II II NNP 12456 561 9 . . . 12456 562 1 of of IN 12456 562 2 France France NNP 12456 562 3 , , , 12456 562 4 of of IN 12456 562 5 Richard Richard NNP 12456 562 6 Coeur Coeur NNP 12456 562 7 de de NNP 12456 562 8 Lion Lion NNP 12456 562 9 and and CC 12456 562 10 of of IN 12456 562 11 Alfonso Alfonso NNP 12456 562 12 II II NNP 12456 562 13 . . . 12456 563 1 of of IN 12456 563 2 Aragon Aragon NNP 12456 563 3 , , , 12456 563 4 with with IN 12456 563 5 that that DT 12456 563 6 of of IN 12456 563 7 many many JJ 12456 563 8 smaller small JJR 12456 563 9 nobles noble NNS 12456 563 10 . . . 12456 564 1 The the DT 12456 564 2 biography biography NN 12456 564 3 says say VBZ 12456 564 4 of of IN 12456 564 5 him -PRON- PRP 12456 564 6 , , , 12456 564 7 " " `` 12456 564 8 E E NNP 12456 564 9 fo fo NNP 12456 564 10 faitz faitz NNP 12456 564 11 seigner seigner NN 12456 564 12 de de NNP 12456 564 13 la la NNP 12456 564 14 cort cort NNP 12456 564 15 del del NNP 12456 564 16 Puoi Puoi NNP 12456 564 17 Santa Santa NNP 12456 564 18 Maria Maria NNP 12456 564 19 e e NNP 12456 564 20 de de NNP 12456 564 21 dar dar NNP 12456 564 22 l'esparvier l'esparvier NNP 12456 564 23 . . . 12456 565 1 Lone Lone NNP 12456 565 2 temps temp VBZ 12456 565 3 ac ac NNP 12456 565 4 la la NNP 12456 565 5 seignoria seignoria NNP 12456 565 6 de de NNP 12456 565 7 la la NNP 12456 565 8 cort cort NNP 12456 565 9 del del NNP 12456 565 10 Puoi Puoi NNP 12456 565 11 , , , 12456 565 12 tro tro NN 12456 565 13 que que NNP 12456 565 14 la la NNP 12456 565 15 cortz cortz NNP 12456 565 16 se se FW 12456 565 17 perdet perdet NNP 12456 565 18 . . . 12456 565 19 " " '' 12456 566 1 " " `` 12456 566 2 He -PRON- PRP 12456 566 3 was be VBD 12456 566 4 made make VBN 12456 566 5 president president NN 12456 566 6 of of IN 12456 566 7 the the DT 12456 566 8 court court NN 12456 566 9 of of IN 12456 566 10 Puy Puy NNP 12456 566 11 Sainte Sainte NNP 12456 566 12 Marie Marie NNP 12456 566 13 and and CC 12456 566 14 of of IN 12456 566 15 awarding award VBG 12456 566 16 the the DT 12456 566 17 sparrow sparrow NN 12456 566 18 - - HYPH 12456 566 19 hawk hawk NN 12456 566 20 . . . 12456 567 1 For for IN 12456 567 2 a a DT 12456 567 3 long long JJ 12456 567 4 time time NN 12456 567 5 he -PRON- PRP 12456 567 6 held hold VBD 12456 567 7 the the DT 12456 567 8 presidency presidency NN 12456 567 9 of of IN 12456 567 10 the the DT 12456 567 11 court court NN 12456 567 12 of of IN 12456 567 13 Puy Puy NNP 12456 567 14 , , , 12456 567 15 until until IN 12456 567 16 the the DT 12456 567 17 court court NN 12456 567 18 was be VBD 12456 567 19 dissolved dissolve VBN 12456 567 20 . . . 12456 567 21 " " '' 12456 568 1 The the DT 12456 568 2 troubadour troubadour JJ 12456 568 3 Richard Richard NNP 12456 568 4 de de NNP 12456 568 5 Barbezieux Barbezieux NNP 12456 568 6 refers refer VBZ 12456 568 7 to to IN 12456 568 8 this this DT 12456 568 9 court court NN 12456 568 10 , , , 12456 568 11 which which WDT 12456 568 12 seems seem VBZ 12456 568 13 to to TO 12456 568 14 have have VB 12456 568 15 been be VBN 12456 568 16 a a DT 12456 568 17 periodical periodical JJ 12456 568 18 meeting meeting NN 12456 568 19 attended attend VBN 12456 568 20 by by IN 12456 568 21 the the DT 12456 568 22 nobles noble NNS 12456 568 23 and and CC 12456 568 24 troubadours troubadour NNS 12456 568 25 of of IN 12456 568 26 Southern southern JJ 12456 568 27 Prance Prance NNP 12456 568 28 . . . 12456 569 1 Tournaments tournament NNS 12456 569 2 and and CC 12456 569 3 poetical poetical JJ 12456 569 4 contests contest NNS 12456 569 5 were be VBD 12456 569 6 held hold VBN 12456 569 7 ; ; : 12456 569 8 the the DT 12456 569 9 sparrow sparrow NN 12456 569 10 - - HYPH 12456 569 11 hawk hawk NN 12456 569 12 or or CC 12456 569 13 falcon falcon NN 12456 569 14 placed place VBN 12456 569 15 on on IN 12456 569 16 a a DT 12456 569 17 pole pole NN 12456 569 18 is be VBZ 12456 569 19 often often RB 12456 569 20 mentioned mention VBN 12456 569 21 as as IN 12456 569 22 the the DT 12456 569 23 prize prize NN 12456 569 24 awarded award VBN 12456 569 25 to to IN 12456 569 26 the the DT 12456 569 27 tournament tournament NN 12456 569 28 victor victor NN 12456 569 29 . . . 12456 570 1 Tennyson Tennyson NNP 12456 570 2 's 's POS 12456 570 3 version version NN 12456 570 4 of of IN 12456 570 5 the the DT 12456 570 6 incident incident NN 12456 570 7 in in IN 12456 570 8 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 570 9 " " `` 12456 570 10 Geraint Geraint NNP 12456 570 11 and and CC 12456 570 12 Enid Enid NNP 12456 570 13 " " '' 12456 570 14 will will MD 12456 570 15 occur occur VB 12456 570 16 to to IN 12456 570 17 every every DT 12456 570 18 reader reader NN 12456 570 19 . . . 12456 571 1 The the DT 12456 571 2 monk monk NN 12456 571 3 's 's POS 12456 571 4 reputation reputation NN 12456 571 5 must must MD 12456 571 6 have have VB 12456 571 7 been be VBN 12456 571 8 considerable considerable JJ 12456 571 9 to to TO 12456 571 10 gain gain VB 12456 571 11 him -PRON- PRP 12456 571 12 this this DT 12456 571 13 position position NN 12456 571 14 . . . 12456 572 1 His -PRON- PRP$ 12456 572 2 love love NN 12456 572 3 poems poem NNS 12456 572 4 are be VBP 12456 572 5 of of IN 12456 572 6 little little JJ 12456 572 7 importance importance NN 12456 572 8 ; ; : 12456 572 9 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 572 10 satire satire NN 12456 572 11 deals deal VBZ 12456 572 12 with with IN 12456 572 13 the the DT 12456 572 14 petty petty JJ 12456 572 15 failings failing NNS 12456 572 16 of of IN 12456 572 17 mankind mankind NN 12456 572 18 , , , 12456 572 19 for for IN 12456 572 20 which which WDT 12456 572 21 he -PRON- PRP 12456 572 22 had have VBD 12456 572 23 a a DT 12456 572 24 keen keen JJ 12456 572 25 eye eye NN 12456 572 26 and and CC 12456 572 27 an an DT 12456 572 28 unsparing unsparing JJ 12456 572 29 and and CC 12456 572 30 sometimes sometimes RB 12456 572 31 cynical cynical JJ 12456 572 32 [ [ -LRB- 12456 572 33 70 70 CD 12456 572 34 ] ] -RRB- 12456 572 35 tongue tongue NN 12456 572 36 . . . 12456 573 1 Be·m Be·m NFP 12456 573 2 enoia enoia NNP 12456 573 3 , , , 12456 573 4 s'o s'o NNP 12456 573 5 auzes auze NNS 12456 573 6 dire dire JJ 12456 573 7 , , , 12456 573 8 Parliers Parliers NNPS 12456 573 9 quant quant NNP 12456 573 10 es es NNP 12456 573 11 avols avol NNS 12456 573 12 servire servire NN 12456 573 13 ; ; : 12456 573 14 Et Et NNP 12456 573 15 hom hom NN 12456 573 16 qui qui VBD 12456 573 17 trop trop NNP 12456 573 18 vol vol NNP 12456 573 19 aut aut NNP 12456 573 20 assire assire NNP 12456 573 21 M'enoia M'enoia NNP 12456 573 22 , , , 12456 573 23 e e NNP 12456 573 24 cavals caval NNS 12456 573 25 que que NNP 12456 573 26 tire tire NN 12456 573 27 . . . 12456 574 1 Et Et NNP 12456 574 2 enoia·m enoia·m NNP 12456 574 3 , , , 12456 574 4 si si IN 12456 574 5 Dieus Dieus NNP 12456 574 6 m'aiut m'aiut NNP 12456 574 7 Joves Joves NNP 12456 574 8 hom hom NNP 12456 574 9 quan quan NNP 12456 574 10 trop trop NNP 12456 574 11 port port NNP 12456 574 12 ' ' '' 12456 574 13 escut escut NN 12456 574 14 , , , 12456 574 15 Que Que NNP 12456 574 16 negun negun NNP 12456 574 17 colp colp NNP 12456 574 18 no no UH 12456 574 19 i i NN 12456 574 20 a a DT 12456 574 21 agut agut NN 12456 574 22 , , , 12456 574 23 Capela Capela NNP 12456 574 24 et et NNP 12456 574 25 mongue mongue NN 12456 574 26 barbut barbut NN 12456 574 27 , , , 12456 574 28 E E NNP 12456 574 29 lauzengier lauzengi JJR 12456 574 30 bee bee NNP 12456 574 31 esmolut esmolut NNP 12456 574 32 . . . 12456 575 1 " " `` 12456 575 2 These these DT 12456 575 3 vex vex VBP 12456 575 4 me -PRON- PRP 12456 575 5 greatly greatly RB 12456 575 6 , , , 12456 575 7 if if IN 12456 575 8 I -PRON- PRP 12456 575 9 may may MD 12456 575 10 say say VB 12456 575 11 so so RB 12456 575 12 , , , 12456 575 13 language language NN 12456 575 14 when when WRB 12456 575 15 it -PRON- PRP 12456 575 16 is be VBZ 12456 575 17 base base NN 12456 575 18 servility servility NN 12456 575 19 , , , 12456 575 20 and and CC 12456 575 21 a a DT 12456 575 22 man man NN 12456 575 23 who who WP 12456 575 24 wishes wish VBZ 12456 575 25 too too RB 12456 575 26 high high JJ 12456 575 27 a a DT 12456 575 28 place place NN 12456 575 29 ( ( -LRB- 12456 575 30 at at IN 12456 575 31 table table NN 12456 575 32 ) ) -RRB- 12456 575 33 and and CC 12456 575 34 a a DT 12456 575 35 charger charger NN 12456 575 36 which which WDT 12456 575 37 is be VBZ 12456 575 38 put put VBN 12456 575 39 to to IN 12456 575 40 drawing draw VBG 12456 575 41 carts cart NNS 12456 575 42 . . . 12456 576 1 And and CC 12456 576 2 , , , 12456 576 3 by by IN 12456 576 4 my -PRON- PRP$ 12456 576 5 hope hope NN 12456 576 6 of of IN 12456 576 7 salvation salvation NN 12456 576 8 , , , 12456 576 9 I -PRON- PRP 12456 576 10 am be VBP 12456 576 11 vexed vex VBN 12456 576 12 by by IN 12456 576 13 a a DT 12456 576 14 young young JJ 12456 576 15 man man NN 12456 576 16 who who WP 12456 576 17 bears bear VBZ 12456 576 18 too too RB 12456 576 19 openly openly RB 12456 576 20 a a DT 12456 576 21 shield shield NN 12456 576 22 which which WDT 12456 576 23 has have VBZ 12456 576 24 never never RB 12456 576 25 received receive VBN 12456 576 26 a a DT 12456 576 27 blow blow NN 12456 576 28 , , , 12456 576 29 by by IN 12456 576 30 a a DT 12456 576 31 chaplain chaplain NN 12456 576 32 and and CC 12456 576 33 monk monk NN 12456 576 34 wearing wear VBG 12456 576 35 beards beard NNS 12456 576 36 and and CC 12456 576 37 by by IN 12456 576 38 the the DT 12456 576 39 sharp sharp JJ 12456 576 40 beak beak NN 12456 576 41 of of IN 12456 576 42 the the DT 12456 576 43 slanderer slanderer NN 12456 576 44 . . . 12456 576 45 " " '' 12456 577 1 The the DT 12456 577 2 monk monk NN 12456 577 3 's 's POS 12456 577 4 satire satire NN 12456 577 5 upon upon IN 12456 577 6 other other JJ 12456 577 7 troubadours troubadour NNS 12456 577 8 is be VBZ 12456 577 9 stated state VBN 12456 577 10 by by IN 12456 577 11 himself -PRON- PRP 12456 577 12 to to TO 12456 577 13 be be VB 12456 577 14 a a DT 12456 577 15 continuation continuation NN 12456 577 16 of of IN 12456 577 17 that that DT 12456 577 18 by by IN 12456 577 19 Peire Peire NNP 12456 577 20 d'Auvergne d'Auvergne NNP 12456 577 21 ; ; : 12456 577 22 the the DT 12456 577 23 criticism criticism NN 12456 577 24 is be VBZ 12456 577 25 , , , 12456 577 26 as as IN 12456 577 27 might may MD 12456 577 28 be be VB 12456 577 29 expected expect VBN 12456 577 30 , , , 12456 577 31 personal personal JJ 12456 577 32 . . . 12456 578 1 Two two CD 12456 578 2 _ _ NNP 12456 578 3 tensos tensos JJ 12456 578 4 _ _ NNP 12456 578 5 deal deal NN 12456 578 6 with with IN 12456 578 7 the the DT 12456 578 8 vanities vanity NNS 12456 578 9 of of IN 12456 578 10 women woman NNS 12456 578 11 , , , 12456 578 12 especially especially RB 12456 578 13 the the DT 12456 578 14 habit habit NN 12456 578 15 of of IN 12456 578 16 painting paint VBG 12456 578 17 the the DT 12456 578 18 face face NN 12456 578 19 : : : 12456 578 20 in in IN 12456 578 21 one one CD 12456 578 22 of of IN 12456 578 23 them -PRON- PRP 12456 578 24 the the DT 12456 578 25 dispute dispute NN 12456 578 26 proceeds proceed VBZ 12456 578 27 before before IN 12456 578 28 God God NNP 12456 578 29 as as IN 12456 578 30 judge judge NN 12456 578 31 , , , 12456 578 32 between between IN 12456 578 33 the the DT 12456 578 34 poet poet NN 12456 578 35 and and CC 12456 578 36 the the DT 12456 578 37 women woman NNS 12456 578 38 : : : 12456 578 39 the the DT 12456 578 40 scene scene NN 12456 578 41 of of IN 12456 578 42 the the DT 12456 578 43 other other JJ 12456 578 44 is be VBZ 12456 578 45 laid lay VBN 12456 578 46 in in IN 12456 578 47 Paradise Paradise NNP 12456 578 48 and and CC 12456 578 49 the the DT 12456 578 50 interlocutors interlocutor NNS 12456 578 51 are be VBP 12456 578 52 the the DT 12456 578 53 Almighty Almighty NNP 12456 578 54 and and CC 12456 578 55 the the DT 12456 578 56 poet poet NN 12456 578 57 , , , 12456 578 58 who who WP 12456 578 59 , , , 12456 578 60 represents represent VBZ 12456 578 61 that that IN 12456 578 62 self self NN 12456 578 63 - - HYPH 12456 578 64 adornment adornment NN 12456 578 65 is be VBZ 12456 578 66 a a DT 12456 578 67 habit habit NN 12456 578 68 inherent inherent JJ 12456 578 69 in in IN 12456 578 70 female female JJ 12456 578 71 nature nature NN 12456 578 72 . . . 12456 579 1 In in IN 12456 579 2 neither neither DT 12456 579 3 poem poem NN 12456 579 4 is be VBZ 12456 579 5 reverence reverence NN 12456 579 6 a a DT 12456 579 7 [ [ -LRB- 12456 579 8 71 71 CD 12456 579 9 ] ] -RRB- 12456 579 10 prominent prominent JJ 12456 579 11 feature feature NN 12456 579 12 . . . 12456 580 1 One one CD 12456 580 2 of of IN 12456 580 3 the the DT 12456 580 4 most most RBS 12456 580 5 extraordinary extraordinary JJ 12456 580 6 figures figure NNS 12456 580 7 in in IN 12456 580 8 the the DT 12456 580 9 whole whole JJ 12456 580 10 gallery gallery NN 12456 580 11 of of IN 12456 580 12 troubadour troubadour JJ 12456 580 13 portraits portrait NNS 12456 580 14 is be VBZ 12456 580 15 Peire Peire NNP 12456 580 16 Vidal Vidal NNP 12456 580 17 , , , 12456 580 18 whose whose WP$ 12456 580 19 career career NN 12456 580 20 extended extend VBD 12456 580 21 , , , 12456 580 22 roughly roughly RB 12456 580 23 speaking speak VBG 12456 580 24 , , , 12456 580 25 from from IN 12456 580 26 1175 1175 CD 12456 580 27 to to IN 12456 580 28 1215 1215 CD 12456 580 29 . . . 12456 581 1 He -PRON- PRP 12456 581 2 was be VBD 12456 581 3 one one CD 12456 581 4 of of IN 12456 581 5 those those DT 12456 581 6 characters character NNS 12456 581 7 who who WP 12456 581 8 naturally naturally RB 12456 581 9 become become VBP 12456 581 10 the the DT 12456 581 11 nucleus nucleus NN 12456 581 12 of of IN 12456 581 13 apocryphal apocryphal NN 12456 581 14 stories story NNS 12456 581 15 , , , 12456 581 16 and and CC 12456 581 17 how how WRB 12456 581 18 much much JJ 12456 581 19 truth truth NN 12456 581 20 there there EX 12456 581 21 may may MD 12456 581 22 be be VB 12456 581 23 in in IN 12456 581 24 some some DT 12456 581 25 of of IN 12456 581 26 the the DT 12456 581 27 fantastic fantastic JJ 12456 581 28 incidents incident NNS 12456 581 29 , , , 12456 581 30 in in IN 12456 581 31 which which WDT 12456 581 32 he -PRON- PRP 12456 581 33 figures figure VBZ 12456 581 34 as as IN 12456 581 35 the the DT 12456 581 36 hero hero NN 12456 581 37 , , , 12456 581 38 will will MD 12456 581 39 probably probably RB 12456 581 40 never never RB 12456 581 41 be be VB 12456 581 42 discovered discover VBN 12456 581 43 . . . 12456 582 1 He -PRON- PRP 12456 582 2 was be VBD 12456 582 3 undoubtedly undoubtedly RB 12456 582 4 an an DT 12456 582 5 attractive attractive JJ 12456 582 6 character character NN 12456 582 7 , , , 12456 582 8 for for IN 12456 582 9 he -PRON- PRP 12456 582 10 enjoyed enjoy VBD 12456 582 11 the the DT 12456 582 12 favour favour NN 12456 582 13 of of IN 12456 582 14 the the DT 12456 582 15 most most RBS 12456 582 16 distinguished distinguished JJ 12456 582 17 men man NNS 12456 582 18 and and CC 12456 582 19 women woman NNS 12456 582 20 of of IN 12456 582 21 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 582 22 time time NN 12456 582 23 . . . 12456 583 1 He -PRON- PRP 12456 583 2 was be VBD 12456 583 3 also also RB 12456 583 4 a a DT 12456 583 5 poet poet NN 12456 583 6 of of IN 12456 583 7 real real JJ 12456 583 8 power power NN 12456 583 9 : : : 12456 583 10 ease ease NN 12456 583 11 and and CC 12456 583 12 facility facility NN 12456 583 13 are be VBP 12456 583 14 characteristics characteristic NNS 12456 583 15 of of IN 12456 583 16 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 583 17 poems poem NNS 12456 583 18 as as IN 12456 583 19 compared compare VBN 12456 583 20 with with IN 12456 583 21 the the DT 12456 583 22 ingenious ingenious JJ 12456 583 23 obscurity obscurity NN 12456 583 24 of of IN 12456 583 25 Arnaut Arnaut NNP 12456 583 26 Daniel Daniel NNP 12456 583 27 or or CC 12456 583 28 Peire Peire NNP 12456 583 29 d'Auvergne d'Auvergne NNP 12456 583 30 . . . 12456 584 1 But but CC 12456 584 2 there there EX 12456 584 3 was be VBD 12456 584 4 a a DT 12456 584 5 whimsical whimsical JJ 12456 584 6 and and CC 12456 584 7 fantastic fantastic JJ 12456 584 8 strain strain NN 12456 584 9 in in IN 12456 584 10 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 584 11 character character NN 12456 584 12 , , , 12456 584 13 which which WDT 12456 584 14 led lead VBD 12456 584 15 him -PRON- PRP 12456 584 16 often often RB 12456 584 17 to to TO 12456 584 18 conjoin conjoin VB 12456 584 19 the the DT 12456 584 20 functions function NNS 12456 584 21 of of IN 12456 584 22 court court NN 12456 584 23 - - HYPH 12456 584 24 fool fool NN 12456 584 25 with with IN 12456 584 26 those those DT 12456 584 27 of of IN 12456 584 28 court court NN 12456 584 29 poet poet NN 12456 584 30 : : : 12456 584 31 " " `` 12456 584 32 he -PRON- PRP 12456 584 33 was be VBD 12456 584 34 the the DT 12456 584 35 most most RBS 12456 584 36 foolish foolish JJ 12456 584 37 man man NN 12456 584 38 in in IN 12456 584 39 the the DT 12456 584 40 world world NN 12456 584 41 " " '' 12456 584 42 says say VBZ 12456 584 43 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 584 44 biographer biographer NN 12456 584 45 . . . 12456 585 1 His -PRON- PRP$ 12456 585 2 " " `` 12456 585 3 foolishness foolishness NN 12456 585 4 " " '' 12456 585 5 also also RB 12456 585 6 induced induce VBD 12456 585 7 him -PRON- PRP 12456 585 8 to to TO 12456 585 9 fall fall VB 12456 585 10 in in IN 12456 585 11 love love NN 12456 585 12 with with IN 12456 585 13 every every DT 12456 585 14 woman woman NN 12456 585 15 he -PRON- PRP 12456 585 16 met meet VBD 12456 585 17 , , , 12456 585 18 and and CC 12456 585 19 to to TO 12456 585 20 believe believe VB 12456 585 21 that that IN 12456 585 22 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 585 23 personal personal JJ 12456 585 24 attractions attraction NNS 12456 585 25 made make VBD 12456 585 26 him -PRON- PRP 12456 585 27 invincible invincible JJ 12456 585 28 . . . 12456 586 1 Peire Peire NNP 12456 586 2 Vidal Vidal NNP 12456 586 3 was be VBD 12456 586 4 the the DT 12456 586 5 son son NN 12456 586 6 of of IN 12456 586 7 a a DT 12456 586 8 Toulouse Toulouse NNP 12456 586 9 merchant merchant NN 12456 586 10 . . . 12456 587 1 He -PRON- PRP 12456 587 2 began begin VBD 12456 587 3 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 587 4 troubadour troubadour JJ 12456 587 5 wanderings wandering NNS 12456 587 6 early early RB 12456 587 7 and and CC 12456 587 8 at at IN 12456 587 9 the the DT 12456 587 10 outset outset NN 12456 587 11 of of IN 12456 587 12 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 587 13 career career NN 12456 587 14 we -PRON- PRP 12456 587 15 find find VBP 12456 587 16 him -PRON- PRP 12456 587 17 in in IN 12456 587 18 Catalonia Catalonia NNP 12456 587 19 , , , 12456 587 20 Aragon Aragon NNP 12456 587 21 and and CC 12456 587 22 Castile Castile NNP 12456 587 23 . . . 12456 588 1 He -PRON- PRP 12456 588 2 is be VBZ 12456 588 3 then then RB 12456 588 4 found find VBN 12456 588 5 in in IN 12456 588 6 the the DT 12456 588 7 service service NN 12456 588 8 of of IN 12456 588 9 Raimon Raimon NNP 12456 588 10 Gaufridi Gaufridi NNP 12456 588 11 Barral,[24 Barral,[24 NNP 12456 588 12 ] ] -RRB- 12456 588 13 Viscount Viscount NNP 12456 588 14 of of IN 12456 588 15 Marseilles Marseilles NNP 12456 588 16 , , , 12456 588 17 a a DT 12456 588 18 bluff bluff JJ 12456 588 19 , , , 12456 588 20 genial genial JJ 12456 588 21 tournament tournament NN 12456 588 22 [ [ -LRB- 12456 588 23 72 72 CD 12456 588 24 ] ] -RRB- 12456 588 25 warrior warrior NN 12456 588 26 and and CC 12456 588 27 the the DT 12456 588 28 husband husband NN 12456 588 29 of of IN 12456 588 30 Azalais Azalais NNP 12456 588 31 de de NNP 12456 588 32 Porcellet Porcellet NNP 12456 588 33 whose whose WP$ 12456 588 34 praises praise NNS 12456 588 35 were be VBD 12456 588 36 sung sing VBN 12456 588 37 by by IN 12456 588 38 Folquet Folquet NNP 12456 588 39 of of IN 12456 588 40 Marseilles Marseilles NNPS 12456 588 41 . . . 12456 589 1 It -PRON- PRP 12456 589 2 was be VBD 12456 589 3 Barral Barral NNP 12456 589 4 who who WP 12456 589 5 was be VBD 12456 589 6 attracted attract VBN 12456 589 7 by by IN 12456 589 8 Peire Peire NNP 12456 589 9 's 's POS 12456 589 10 peculiar peculiar JJ 12456 589 11 talents talent NNS 12456 589 12 : : : 12456 589 13 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 589 14 wife wife NN 12456 589 15 seems seem VBZ 12456 589 16 to to TO 12456 589 17 have have VB 12456 589 18 tolerated tolerate VBN 12456 589 19 the the DT 12456 589 20 troubadour troubadour JJ 12456 589 21 from from IN 12456 589 22 deference deference NN 12456 589 23 to to IN 12456 589 24 her -PRON- PRP$ 12456 589 25 husband husband NN 12456 589 26 . . . 12456 590 1 Peire Peire NNP 12456 590 2 , , , 12456 590 3 however however RB 12456 590 4 , , , 12456 590 5 says say VBZ 12456 590 6 in in IN 12456 590 7 one one CD 12456 590 8 of of IN 12456 590 9 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 590 10 poems poem NNS 12456 590 11 that that WDT 12456 590 12 husbands husband NNS 12456 590 13 feared fear VBD 12456 590 14 him -PRON- PRP 12456 590 15 more more RBR 12456 590 16 than than IN 12456 590 17 fire fire NN 12456 590 18 or or CC 12456 590 19 sword sword NN 12456 590 20 , , , 12456 590 21 and and CC 12456 590 22 believing believe VBG 12456 590 23 himself -PRON- PRP 12456 590 24 irresistible irresistible JJ 12456 590 25 interpreted interpret VBN 12456 590 26 Azalais Azalais NNP 12456 590 27 ' ' POS 12456 590 28 favours favour NNS 12456 590 29 as as IN 12456 590 30 seriously seriously RB 12456 590 31 meant mean VBN 12456 590 32 . . . 12456 591 1 When when WRB 12456 591 2 he -PRON- PRP 12456 591 3 stole steal VBD 12456 591 4 a a DT 12456 591 5 kiss kiss NN 12456 591 6 from from IN 12456 591 7 her -PRON- PRP 12456 591 8 as as IN 12456 591 9 she -PRON- PRP 12456 591 10 slept sleep VBD 12456 591 11 , , , 12456 591 12 she -PRON- PRP 12456 591 13 insisted insist VBD 12456 591 14 upon upon IN 12456 591 15 Peire Peire NNP 12456 591 16 's 's POS 12456 591 17 departure departure NN 12456 591 18 , , , 12456 591 19 though though IN 12456 591 20 her -PRON- PRP$ 12456 591 21 husband husband NN 12456 591 22 seems seem VBZ 12456 591 23 to to TO 12456 591 24 have have VB 12456 591 25 regarded regard VBN 12456 591 26 the the DT 12456 591 27 matter matter NN 12456 591 28 as as IN 12456 591 29 a a DT 12456 591 30 jest j JJS 12456 591 31 and and CC 12456 591 32 the the DT 12456 591 33 troubadour troubadour JJ 12456 591 34 took take VBD 12456 591 35 refuge refuge NN 12456 591 36 in in IN 12456 591 37 Genoa Genoa NNP 12456 591 38 . . . 12456 592 1 Eventually eventually RB 12456 592 2 , , , 12456 592 3 Azalais Azalais NNP 12456 592 4 pardoned pardon VBD 12456 592 5 him -PRON- PRP 12456 592 6 and and CC 12456 592 7 he -PRON- PRP 12456 592 8 was be VBD 12456 592 9 able able JJ 12456 592 10 to to TO 12456 592 11 return return VB 12456 592 12 to to IN 12456 592 13 Marseilles Marseilles NNP 12456 592 14 . . . 12456 593 1 Peire Peire NNP 12456 593 2 is be VBZ 12456 593 3 said say VBN 12456 593 4 to to TO 12456 593 5 have have VB 12456 593 6 followed follow VBN 12456 593 7 Richard Richard NNP 12456 593 8 Coeur Coeur NNP 12456 593 9 de de NNP 12456 593 10 Lion Lion NNP 12456 593 11 on on IN 12456 593 12 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 593 13 crusade crusade NN 12456 593 14 ; ; : 12456 593 15 it -PRON- PRP 12456 593 16 was be VBD 12456 593 17 in in IN 12456 593 18 1190 1190 CD 12456 593 19 that that IN 12456 593 20 Richard Richard NNP 12456 593 21 embarked embark VBD 12456 593 22 at at IN 12456 593 23 Marseilles Marseilles NNP 12456 593 24 for for IN 12456 593 25 the the DT 12456 593 26 Holy Holy NNP 12456 593 27 Land Land NNP 12456 593 28 , , , 12456 593 29 and and CC 12456 593 30 as as IN 12456 593 31 a a DT 12456 593 32 patron patron NN 12456 593 33 of of IN 12456 593 34 troubadours troubadour NNS 12456 593 35 , , , 12456 593 36 he -PRON- PRP 12456 593 37 was be VBD 12456 593 38 no no RB 12456 593 39 doubt doubt NN 12456 593 40 personally personally RB 12456 593 41 acquainted acquaint VBN 12456 593 42 with with IN 12456 593 43 Peire Peire NNP 12456 593 44 . . . 12456 594 1 The the DT 12456 594 2 troubadour troubadour JJ 12456 594 3 , , , 12456 594 4 however however RB 12456 594 5 , , , 12456 594 6 is be VBZ 12456 594 7 said say VBN 12456 594 8 to to TO 12456 594 9 have have VB 12456 594 10 gone go VBN 12456 594 11 no no RB 12456 594 12 farther farther RB 12456 594 13 than than IN 12456 594 14 Cyprus Cyprus NNP 12456 594 15 . . . 12456 595 1 There there RB 12456 595 2 he -PRON- PRP 12456 595 3 married marry VBD 12456 595 4 a a DT 12456 595 5 Greek greek JJ 12456 595 6 woman woman NN 12456 595 7 and and CC 12456 595 8 was be VBD 12456 595 9 somehow somehow RB 12456 595 10 persuaded persuade VBN 12456 595 11 that that IN 12456 595 12 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 595 13 wife wife NN 12456 595 14 was be VBD 12456 595 15 a a DT 12456 595 16 daughter daughter NN 12456 595 17 of of IN 12456 595 18 the the DT 12456 595 19 Emperor Emperor NNP 12456 595 20 of of IN 12456 595 21 Constantinople Constantinople NNP 12456 595 22 , , , 12456 595 23 and and CC 12456 595 24 that that IN 12456 595 25 he -PRON- PRP 12456 595 26 , , , 12456 595 27 therefore therefore RB 12456 595 28 , , , 12456 595 29 had have VBD 12456 595 30 a a DT 12456 595 31 claim claim NN 12456 595 32 to to IN 12456 595 33 the the DT 12456 595 34 throne throne NN 12456 595 35 of of IN 12456 595 36 Greece Greece NNP 12456 595 37 . . . 12456 596 1 He -PRON- PRP 12456 596 2 assumed assume VBD 12456 596 3 royal royal JJ 12456 596 4 state state NN 12456 596 5 , , , 12456 596 6 added add VBD 12456 596 7 a a DT 12456 596 8 throne throne NN 12456 596 9 to to IN 12456 596 10 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 596 11 personal personal JJ 12456 596 12 possessions possession NNS 12456 596 13 and and CC 12456 596 14 began begin VBD 12456 596 15 to to TO 12456 596 16 raise raise VB 12456 596 17 a a DT 12456 596 18 fleet fleet NN 12456 596 19 for for IN 12456 596 20 the the DT 12456 596 21 conquest conquest NN 12456 596 22 of of IN 12456 596 23 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 596 24 kingdom kingdom NN 12456 596 25 . . . 12456 597 1 How how WRB 12456 597 2 long long RB 12456 597 3 this this DT 12456 597 4 farce farce NN 12456 597 5 continued continue VBD 12456 597 6 is be VBZ 12456 597 7 unknown unknown JJ 12456 597 8 . . . 12456 598 1 Barral Barral NNP 12456 598 2 died die VBD 12456 598 3 in in IN 12456 598 4 1192 1192 CD 12456 598 5 and and CC 12456 598 6 Peire Peire NNP 12456 598 7 transferred transfer VBD 12456 598 8 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 598 9 affections affection NNS 12456 598 10 to to IN 12456 598 11 a a DT 12456 598 12 lady lady NN 12456 598 13 of of IN 12456 598 14 Carcassonne Carcassonne NNP 12456 598 15 , , , 12456 598 16 Loba Loba NNP 12456 598 17 de de IN 12456 598 18 Pennautier Pennautier NNP 12456 598 19 . . . 12456 599 1 [ [ -LRB- 12456 599 2 73 73 CD 12456 599 3 ] ] -RRB- 12456 599 4 The the DT 12456 599 5 biography biography NN 12456 599 6 relates relate VBZ 12456 599 7 that that IN 12456 599 8 her -PRON- PRP$ 12456 599 9 name name NN 12456 599 10 Loba Loba NNP 12456 599 11 ( ( -LRB- 12456 599 12 wolf wolf NNP 12456 599 13 ) ) -RRB- 12456 599 14 induced induce VBD 12456 599 15 the the DT 12456 599 16 troubadour troubadour NN 12456 599 17 to to TO 12456 599 18 approach approach VB 12456 599 19 her -PRON- PRP 12456 599 20 in in IN 12456 599 21 a a DT 12456 599 22 wolf wolf NN 12456 599 23 's 's POS 12456 599 24 skin skin NN 12456 599 25 , , , 12456 599 26 which which WDT 12456 599 27 disguise disguise NN 12456 599 28 was be VBD 12456 599 29 so so RB 12456 599 30 successful successful JJ 12456 599 31 that that IN 12456 599 32 he -PRON- PRP 12456 599 33 was be VBD 12456 599 34 attacked attack VBN 12456 599 35 by by IN 12456 599 36 a a DT 12456 599 37 pack pack NN 12456 599 38 of of IN 12456 599 39 dogs dog NNS 12456 599 40 and and CC 12456 599 41 seriously seriously RB 12456 599 42 mauled maul VBD 12456 599 43 . . . 12456 600 1 Probably probably RB 12456 600 2 the the DT 12456 600 3 story story NN 12456 600 4 that that WDT 12456 600 5 an an DT 12456 600 6 outraged outraged JJ 12456 600 7 husband husband NN 12456 600 8 had have VBD 12456 600 9 the the DT 12456 600 10 troubadour troubadour NN 12456 600 11 's 's POS 12456 600 12 tongue tongue NN 12456 600 13 cut cut VBD 12456 600 14 out out RP 12456 600 15 at at IN 12456 600 16 an an DT 12456 600 17 earlier early JJR 12456 600 18 period period NN 12456 600 19 of of IN 12456 600 20 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 600 21 life life NN 12456 600 22 contains contain VBZ 12456 600 23 an an DT 12456 600 24 equal equal JJ 12456 600 25 substratum substratum NN 12456 600 26 of of IN 12456 600 27 truth truth NN 12456 600 28 . . . 12456 601 1 The the DT 12456 601 2 last last JJ 12456 601 3 period period NN 12456 601 4 of of IN 12456 601 5 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 601 6 career career NN 12456 601 7 was be VBD 12456 601 8 spent spend VBN 12456 601 9 in in IN 12456 601 10 Hungary Hungary NNP 12456 601 11 and and CC 12456 601 12 Lombardy Lombardy NNP 12456 601 13 . . . 12456 602 1 His -PRON- PRP$ 12456 602 2 political political JJ 12456 602 3 _ _ NNP 12456 602 4 sirventes sirvente NNS 12456 602 5 _ _ NNP 12456 602 6 show show VBP 12456 602 7 an an DT 12456 602 8 insight insight NN 12456 602 9 into into IN 12456 602 10 the the DT 12456 602 11 affairs affair NNS 12456 602 12 of of IN 12456 602 13 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 602 14 age age NN 12456 602 15 , , , 12456 602 16 which which WDT 12456 602 17 is be VBZ 12456 602 18 in in IN 12456 602 19 strong strong JJ 12456 602 20 contrast contrast NN 12456 602 21 to to IN 12456 602 22 the the DT 12456 602 23 whimsicality whimsicality NN 12456 602 24 which which WDT 12456 602 25 seems seem VBZ 12456 602 26 to to TO 12456 602 27 have have VB 12456 602 28 misguided misguide VBN 12456 602 29 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 602 30 own own JJ 12456 602 31 life life NN 12456 602 32 . . . 12456 603 1 Guillem Guillem NNP 12456 603 2 de de NNP 12456 603 3 Cabestanh Cabestanh NNP 12456 603 4 ( ( -LRB- 12456 603 5 between between IN 12456 603 6 1181 1181 CD 12456 603 7 and and CC 12456 603 8 1196 1196 CD 12456 603 9 ) ) -RRB- 12456 603 10 deserves deserve VBZ 12456 603 11 mention mention NN 12456 603 12 for for IN 12456 603 13 the the DT 12456 603 14 story story NN 12456 603 15 which which WDT 12456 603 16 the the DT 12456 603 17 Provençal Provençal NNP 12456 603 18 biography biography NN 12456 603 19 has have VBZ 12456 603 20 attached attach VBN 12456 603 21 to to IN 12456 603 22 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 603 23 name name NN 12456 603 24 , , , 12456 603 25 a a DT 12456 603 26 Provençal Provençal NNP 12456 603 27 variation variation NN 12456 603 28 of of IN 12456 603 29 the the DT 12456 603 30 thirteenth thirteenth JJ 12456 603 31 century century NN 12456 603 32 romance romance NN 12456 603 33 of of IN 12456 603 34 the the DT 12456 603 35 _ _ NNP 12456 603 36 Châtelaine Châtelaine NNP 12456 603 37 de de NNP 12456 603 38 Coucy Coucy NNP 12456 603 39 _ _ NNP 12456 603 40 . . . 12456 604 1 [ [ -LRB- 12456 604 2 25 25 CD 12456 604 3 ] ] -RRB- 12456 604 4 He -PRON- PRP 12456 604 5 belonged belong VBD 12456 604 6 to to IN 12456 604 7 the the DT 12456 604 8 Roussillon Roussillon NNP 12456 604 9 district district NN 12456 604 10 , , , 12456 604 11 on on IN 12456 604 12 the the DT 12456 604 13 borders border NNS 12456 604 14 of of IN 12456 604 15 Catalonia Catalonia NNP 12456 604 16 and and CC 12456 604 17 fell fall VBD 12456 604 18 in in IN 12456 604 19 love love NN 12456 604 20 with with IN 12456 604 21 the the DT 12456 604 22 wife wife NN 12456 604 23 of of IN 12456 604 24 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 604 25 overlord overlord NN 12456 604 26 , , , 12456 604 27 Raimon Raimon NNP 12456 604 28 of of IN 12456 604 29 Roussillon Roussillon NNP 12456 604 30 . . . 12456 605 1 Margarida Margarida NNP 12456 605 2 or or CC 12456 605 3 Seremonda Seremonda NNP 12456 605 4 , , , 12456 605 5 as as IN 12456 605 6 she -PRON- PRP 12456 605 7 is be VBZ 12456 605 8 respectively respectively RB 12456 605 9 named name VBN 12456 605 10 in in IN 12456 605 11 the the DT 12456 605 12 two two CD 12456 605 13 versions version NNS 12456 605 14 of of IN 12456 605 15 the the DT 12456 605 16 story story NN 12456 605 17 , , , 12456 605 18 was be VBD 12456 605 19 attracted attract VBN 12456 605 20 by by IN 12456 605 21 Guillem Guillem NNP 12456 605 22 's 's POS 12456 605 23 songs song NNS 12456 605 24 , , , 12456 605 25 with with IN 12456 605 26 the the DT 12456 605 27 result result NN 12456 605 28 that that IN 12456 605 29 Raimon Raimon NNP 12456 605 30 's 's POS 12456 605 31 jealousy jealousy NN 12456 605 32 was be VBD 12456 605 33 aroused arouse VBN 12456 605 34 and and CC 12456 605 35 meeting meet VBG 12456 605 36 the the DT 12456 605 37 troubadour troubadour JJ 12456 605 38 one one CD 12456 605 39 day day NN 12456 605 40 , , , 12456 605 41 when when WRB 12456 605 42 he -PRON- PRP 12456 605 43 was be VBD 12456 605 44 out out RB 12456 605 45 hunting hunt VBG 12456 605 46 , , , 12456 605 47 he -PRON- PRP 12456 605 48 killed kill VBD 12456 605 49 him -PRON- PRP 12456 605 50 . . . 12456 606 1 The the DT 12456 606 2 Provençal Provençal NNP 12456 606 3 version version NN 12456 606 4 proceeds proceed VBZ 12456 606 5 as as IN 12456 606 6 follows follow VBZ 12456 606 7 : : : 12456 606 8 he -PRON- PRP 12456 606 9 then then RB 12456 606 10 took take VBD 12456 606 11 out out RP 12456 606 12 the the DT 12456 606 13 heart heart NN 12456 606 14 and and CC 12456 606 15 sent send VBD 12456 606 16 it -PRON- PRP 12456 606 17 by by IN 12456 606 18 a a DT 12456 606 19 squire squire NN 12456 606 20 to to IN 12456 606 21 the the DT 12456 606 22 castle castle NN 12456 606 23 . . . 12456 607 1 He -PRON- PRP 12456 607 2 caused cause VBD 12456 607 3 it -PRON- PRP 12456 607 4 to to TO 12456 607 5 be be VB 12456 607 6 roasted roast VBN 12456 607 7 with with IN 12456 607 8 pepper pepper NN 12456 607 9 and and CC 12456 607 10 gave give VBD 12456 607 11 it -PRON- PRP 12456 607 12 to to IN 12456 607 13 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 607 14 [ [ -LRB- 12456 607 15 74 74 CD 12456 607 16 ] ] -RRB- 12456 607 17 wife wife NN 12456 607 18 to to TO 12456 607 19 eat eat VB 12456 607 20 . . . 12456 608 1 And and CC 12456 608 2 when when WRB 12456 608 3 she -PRON- PRP 12456 608 4 had have VBD 12456 608 5 eaten eat VBN 12456 608 6 it -PRON- PRP 12456 608 7 , , , 12456 608 8 her -PRON- PRP$ 12456 608 9 lord lord NNP 12456 608 10 told tell VBD 12456 608 11 her -PRON- PRP 12456 608 12 what what WP 12456 608 13 it -PRON- PRP 12456 608 14 was be VBD 12456 608 15 and and CC 12456 608 16 she -PRON- PRP 12456 608 17 lost lose VBD 12456 608 18 the the DT 12456 608 19 power power NN 12456 608 20 of of IN 12456 608 21 sight sight NN 12456 608 22 and and CC 12456 608 23 hearing hearing NN 12456 608 24 . . . 12456 609 1 And and CC 12456 609 2 when when WRB 12456 609 3 she -PRON- PRP 12456 609 4 came come VBD 12456 609 5 to to IN 12456 609 6 herself -PRON- PRP 12456 609 7 , , , 12456 609 8 she -PRON- PRP 12456 609 9 said say VBD 12456 609 10 , , , 12456 609 11 " " `` 12456 609 12 my -PRON- PRP$ 12456 609 13 lord lord NNP 12456 609 14 , , , 12456 609 15 you -PRON- PRP 12456 609 16 have have VBP 12456 609 17 given give VBN 12456 609 18 me -PRON- PRP 12456 609 19 such such JJ 12456 609 20 good good JJ 12456 609 21 meat meat NN 12456 609 22 that that WDT 12456 609 23 never never RB 12456 609 24 will will MD 12456 609 25 I -PRON- PRP 12456 609 26 eat eat VB 12456 609 27 such such JJ 12456 609 28 meat meat NN 12456 609 29 again again RB 12456 609 30 . . . 12456 609 31 " " '' 12456 610 1 He -PRON- PRP 12456 610 2 made make VBD 12456 610 3 at at IN 12456 610 4 her -PRON- PRP 12456 610 5 to to TO 12456 610 6 strike strike VB 12456 610 7 her -PRON- PRP 12456 610 8 but but CC 12456 610 9 she -PRON- PRP 12456 610 10 threw throw VBD 12456 610 11 herself -PRON- PRP 12456 610 12 from from IN 12456 610 13 the the DT 12456 610 14 window window NN 12456 610 15 and and CC 12456 610 16 was be VBD 12456 610 17 killed kill VBN 12456 610 18 . . . 12456 611 1 Thereupon thereupon IN 12456 611 2 the the DT 12456 611 3 barons baron NNS 12456 611 4 of of IN 12456 611 5 Catalonia Catalonia NNP 12456 611 6 and and CC 12456 611 7 Aragon Aragon NNP 12456 611 8 , , , 12456 611 9 led lead VBN 12456 611 10 by by IN 12456 611 11 King King NNP 12456 611 12 Alfonso Alfonso NNP 12456 611 13 , , , 12456 611 14 are be VBP 12456 611 15 said say VBN 12456 611 16 to to TO 12456 611 17 have have VB 12456 611 18 made make VBN 12456 611 19 a a DT 12456 611 20 combined combined JJ 12456 611 21 attack attack NN 12456 611 22 upon upon IN 12456 611 23 Raimon Raimon NNP 12456 611 24 and and CC 12456 611 25 to to TO 12456 611 26 have have VB 12456 611 27 ravaged ravage VBN 12456 611 28 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 611 29 lands land NNS 12456 611 30 , , , 12456 611 31 in in IN 12456 611 32 indignation indignation NN 12456 611 33 at at IN 12456 611 34 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 611 35 barbarity barbarity NN 12456 611 36 . . . 12456 612 1 The the DT 12456 612 2 Provençal Provençal NNP 12456 612 3 biography biography NN 12456 612 4 , , , 12456 612 5 like like IN 12456 612 6 the the DT 12456 612 7 romance romance NN 12456 612 8 of of IN 12456 612 9 the the DT 12456 612 10 _ _ NNP 12456 612 11 Châtelain Châtelain NNP 12456 612 12 de de NNP 12456 612 13 Coucy Coucy NNP 12456 612 14 _ _ NNP 12456 612 15 , , , 12456 612 16 belongs belong VBZ 12456 612 17 to to IN 12456 612 18 the the DT 12456 612 19 thirteenth thirteenth JJ 12456 612 20 century century NN 12456 612 21 , , , 12456 612 22 and and CC 12456 612 23 the the DT 12456 612 24 story story NN 12456 612 25 can can MD 12456 612 26 not not RB 12456 612 27 be be VB 12456 612 28 accepted accept VBN 12456 612 29 as as IN 12456 612 30 authentic authentic JJ 12456 612 31 . . . 12456 613 1 But but CC 12456 613 2 the the DT 12456 613 3 period period NN 12456 613 4 of of IN 12456 613 5 decadence decadence NN 12456 613 6 had have VBD 12456 613 7 begun begin VBN 12456 613 8 . . . 12456 614 1 By by IN 12456 614 2 the the DT 12456 614 3 close close NN 12456 614 4 of of IN 12456 614 5 the the DT 12456 614 6 twelfth twelfth JJ 12456 614 7 century century NN 12456 614 8 the the DT 12456 614 9 golden golden JJ 12456 614 10 age age NN 12456 614 11 of of IN 12456 614 12 troubadour troubadour JJ 12456 614 13 poetry poetry NN 12456 614 14 was be VBD 12456 614 15 over over RB 12456 614 16 . . . 12456 615 1 Guiraut Guiraut NNP 12456 615 2 de de FW 12456 615 3 Bornelh Bornelh NNP 12456 615 4 's 's POS 12456 615 5 complaints complaint NNS 12456 615 6 that that IN 12456 615 7 refinement refinement NN 12456 615 8 was be VBD 12456 615 9 vanishing vanish VBG 12456 615 10 and and CC 12456 615 11 that that IN 12456 615 12 nobles noble NNS 12456 615 13 were be VBD 12456 615 14 growing grow VBG 12456 615 15 hard hard RB 12456 615 16 - - HYPH 12456 615 17 hearted hearted JJ 12456 615 18 and and CC 12456 615 19 avaricious avaricious JJ 12456 615 20 soon soon RB 12456 615 21 became become VBD 12456 615 22 common common JJ 12456 615 23 - - HYPH 12456 615 24 places place NNS 12456 615 25 in in IN 12456 615 26 troubadour troubadour JJ 12456 615 27 poetry poetry NN 12456 615 28 . . . 12456 616 1 The the DT 12456 616 2 extravagances extravagance NNS 12456 616 3 of of IN 12456 616 4 the the DT 12456 616 5 previous previous JJ 12456 616 6 age age NN 12456 616 7 and and CC 12456 616 8 the the DT 12456 616 9 rise rise NN 12456 616 10 of of IN 12456 616 11 a a DT 12456 616 12 strong strong JJ 12456 616 13 middle middle JJ 12456 616 14 and and CC 12456 616 15 commercial commercial JJ 12456 616 16 class class NN 12456 616 17 diminished diminish VBD 12456 616 18 both both CC 12456 616 19 the the DT 12456 616 20 wealth wealth NN 12456 616 21 and and CC 12456 616 22 the the DT 12456 616 23 influence influence NN 12456 616 24 of of IN 12456 616 25 the the DT 12456 616 26 nobles noble NNS 12456 616 27 , , , 12456 616 28 while while IN 12456 616 29 the the DT 12456 616 30 peace peace NN 12456 616 31 of of IN 12456 616 32 the the DT 12456 616 33 country country NN 12456 616 34 was be VBD 12456 616 35 further further RB 12456 616 36 disturbed disturb VBN 12456 616 37 by by IN 12456 616 38 theological theological JJ 12456 616 39 disputes dispute NNS 12456 616 40 and and CC 12456 616 41 by by IN 12456 616 42 the the DT 12456 616 43 rise rise NN 12456 616 44 of of IN 12456 616 45 the the DT 12456 616 46 Albigeois Albigeois NNP 12456 616 47 heresy heresy NN 12456 616 48 . . . 12456 617 1 CHAPTER CHAPTER NNP 12456 617 2 VI VI NNP 12456 617 3 [ [ -LRB- 12456 617 4 75 75 CD 12456 617 5 ] ] -RRB- 12456 617 6 THE the DT 12456 617 7 ALBIGEOIS albigeois NN 12456 617 8 CRUSADE crusade VBP 12456 617 9 The the DT 12456 617 10 feudal feudal JJ 12456 617 11 society society NN 12456 617 12 in in IN 12456 617 13 which which WDT 12456 617 14 troubadour troubadour NN 12456 617 15 poetry poetry NN 12456 617 16 had have VBD 12456 617 17 flourished flourish VBN 12456 617 18 , , , 12456 617 19 and and CC 12456 617 20 by by IN 12456 617 21 which which WDT 12456 617 22 alone alone JJ 12456 617 23 it -PRON- PRP 12456 617 24 could could MD 12456 617 25 be be VB 12456 617 26 maintained maintain VBN 12456 617 27 , , , 12456 617 28 was be VBD 12456 617 29 already already RB 12456 617 30 showing show VBG 12456 617 31 signs sign NNS 12456 617 32 of of IN 12456 617 33 decadence decadence NN 12456 617 34 . . . 12456 618 1 Its -PRON- PRP$ 12456 618 2 downfall downfall NN 12456 618 3 was be VBD 12456 618 4 precipitated precipitate VBN 12456 618 5 by by IN 12456 618 6 the the DT 12456 618 7 religious religious JJ 12456 618 8 and and CC 12456 618 9 political political JJ 12456 618 10 movement movement NN 12456 618 11 , , , 12456 618 12 the the DT 12456 618 13 Albigeois Albigeois NNP 12456 618 14 Crusade Crusade NNP 12456 618 15 , , , 12456 618 16 which which WDT 12456 618 17 was be VBD 12456 618 18 the the DT 12456 618 19 first first JJ 12456 618 20 step step NN 12456 618 21 towards towards IN 12456 618 22 the the DT 12456 618 23 unification unification NN 12456 618 24 of of IN 12456 618 25 France France NNP 12456 618 26 , , , 12456 618 27 but but CC 12456 618 28 which which WDT 12456 618 29 also also RB 12456 618 30 broke break VBD 12456 618 31 up up RP 12456 618 32 the the DT 12456 618 33 local local JJ 12456 618 34 fiefs fiefs NN 12456 618 35 , , , 12456 618 36 destroyed destroy VBD 12456 618 37 the the DT 12456 618 38 conditions condition NNS 12456 618 39 under under IN 12456 618 40 which which WDT 12456 618 41 the the DT 12456 618 42 troubadours troubadour NNS 12456 618 43 had have VBD 12456 618 44 flourished flourish VBN 12456 618 45 and and CC 12456 618 46 scattered scatter VBN 12456 618 47 them -PRON- PRP 12456 618 48 abroad abroad RB 12456 618 49 in in IN 12456 618 50 other other JJ 12456 618 51 lands land NNS 12456 618 52 or or CC 12456 618 53 forced force VBN 12456 618 54 them -PRON- PRP 12456 618 55 to to TO 12456 618 56 seek seek VB 12456 618 57 other other JJ 12456 618 58 means mean NNS 12456 618 59 of of IN 12456 618 60 livelihood livelihood NN 12456 618 61 . . . 12456 619 1 This this DT 12456 619 2 is be VBZ 12456 619 3 not not RB 12456 619 4 the the DT 12456 619 5 place place NN 12456 619 6 to to TO 12456 619 7 discuss discuss VB 12456 619 8 the the DT 12456 619 9 origin origin NN 12456 619 10 and and CC 12456 619 11 the the DT 12456 619 12 nature nature NN 12456 619 13 of of IN 12456 619 14 the the DT 12456 619 15 Albigeois Albigeois NNP 12456 619 16 heresy heresy NN 12456 619 17 . . . 12456 620 1 [ [ -LRB- 12456 620 2 26 26 CD 12456 620 3 ] ] -RRB- 12456 620 4 The the DT 12456 620 5 general general JJ 12456 620 6 opinion opinion NN 12456 620 7 has have VBZ 12456 620 8 almost almost RB 12456 620 9 invariably invariably RB 12456 620 10 considered consider VBN 12456 620 11 the the DT 12456 620 12 heretics heretic NNS 12456 620 13 as as IN 12456 620 14 dualists dualist NNS 12456 620 15 and and CC 12456 620 16 their -PRON- PRP$ 12456 620 17 belief belief NN 12456 620 18 as as IN 12456 620 19 a a DT 12456 620 20 variation variation NN 12456 620 21 of of IN 12456 620 22 Manicheism Manicheism NNP 12456 620 23 : : : 12456 620 24 but but CC 12456 620 25 a a DT 12456 620 26 plausible plausible JJ 12456 620 27 case case NN 12456 620 28 has have VBZ 12456 620 29 been be VBN 12456 620 30 made make VBN 12456 620 31 out out RP 12456 620 32 for for IN 12456 620 33 regarding regard VBG 12456 620 34 the the DT 12456 620 35 heresy heresy NN 12456 620 36 as as IN 12456 620 37 a a DT 12456 620 38 variant variant NN 12456 620 39 of of IN 12456 620 40 the the DT 12456 620 41 Adoptionism adoptionism NN 12456 620 42 which which WDT 12456 620 43 is be VBZ 12456 620 44 found find VBN 12456 620 45 successively successively RB 12456 620 46 in in IN 12456 620 47 Armenia Armenia NNP 12456 620 48 , , , 12456 620 49 in in IN 12456 620 50 the the DT 12456 620 51 Balkan balkan JJ 12456 620 52 peninsula peninsula NN 12456 620 53 and and CC 12456 620 54 in in IN 12456 620 55 Spain Spain NNP 12456 620 56 , , , 12456 620 57 and and CC 12456 620 58 perhaps perhaps RB 12456 620 59 sporadically sporadically RB 12456 620 60 in in IN 12456 620 61 Italy Italy NNP 12456 620 62 and and CC 12456 620 63 Germany Germany NNP 12456 620 64 . . . 12456 621 1 Whatever whatever WDT 12456 621 2 its -PRON- PRP$ 12456 621 3 real real JJ 12456 621 4 nature nature NN 12456 621 5 was be VBD 12456 621 6 , , , 12456 621 7 the the DT 12456 621 8 following follow VBG 12456 621 9 facts fact NNS 12456 621 10 are be VBP 12456 621 11 clear clear JJ 12456 621 12 : : : 12456 621 13 it -PRON- PRP 12456 621 14 was be VBD 12456 621 15 not not RB 12456 621 16 an an DT 12456 621 17 isolated isolated JJ 12456 621 18 movement movement NN 12456 621 19 , , , 12456 621 20 but but CC 12456 621 21 was be VBD 12456 621 22 in in IN 12456 621 23 continuity continuity NN 12456 621 24 with with IN 12456 621 25 beliefs belief NNS 12456 621 26 prevalent prevalent JJ 12456 621 27 in in IN 12456 621 28 many many JJ 12456 621 29 other other JJ 12456 621 30 parts part NNS 12456 621 31 of of IN 12456 621 32 Europe Europe NNP 12456 621 33 . . . 12456 622 1 It -PRON- PRP 12456 622 2 [ [ -LRB- 12456 622 3 76 76 CD 12456 622 4 ] ] -RRB- 12456 622 5 was be VBD 12456 622 6 largely largely RB 12456 622 7 a a DT 12456 622 8 poor poor JJ 12456 622 9 man man NN 12456 622 10 's 's POS 12456 622 11 heresy heresy NN 12456 622 12 and and CC 12456 622 13 therefore therefore RB 12456 622 14 emerges emerge VBZ 12456 622 15 into into IN 12456 622 16 the the DT 12456 622 17 light light NN 12456 622 18 of of IN 12456 622 19 history history NN 12456 622 20 only only RB 12456 622 21 when when WRB 12456 622 22 it -PRON- PRP 12456 622 23 happens happen VBZ 12456 622 24 to to TO 12456 622 25 attract attract VB 12456 622 26 aristocratic aristocratic JJ 12456 622 27 adherents adherent NNS 12456 622 28 or or CC 12456 622 29 large large JJ 12456 622 30 masses masse NNS 12456 622 31 of of IN 12456 622 32 people people NNS 12456 622 33 . . . 12456 623 1 It -PRON- PRP 12456 623 2 was be VBD 12456 623 3 also also RB 12456 623 4 a a DT 12456 623 5 pre pre JJ 12456 623 6 - - JJ 12456 623 7 Reformation reformation JJ 12456 623 8 movement movement NN 12456 623 9 and and CC 12456 623 10 essentially essentially RB 12456 623 11 in in IN 12456 623 12 opposition opposition NN 12456 623 13 to to IN 12456 623 14 Roman Roman NNP 12456 623 15 Catholicism Catholicism NNP 12456 623 16 . . . 12456 624 1 Albi Albi NNP 12456 624 2 was be VBD 12456 624 3 the the DT 12456 624 4 first first JJ 12456 624 5 head head NN 12456 624 6 - - HYPH 12456 624 7 quarters quarter NNS 12456 624 8 of of IN 12456 624 9 the the DT 12456 624 10 heresy heresy NN 12456 624 11 , , , 12456 624 12 though though IN 12456 624 13 Toulouse Toulouse NNP 12456 624 14 speedily speedily RB 12456 624 15 rivalled rival VBD 12456 624 16 its -PRON- PRP$ 12456 624 17 importance importance NN 12456 624 18 in in IN 12456 624 19 this this DT 12456 624 20 respect respect NN 12456 624 21 . . . 12456 625 1 The the DT 12456 625 2 Vaudois Vaudois NNP 12456 625 3 heresy heresy NN 12456 625 4 which which WDT 12456 625 5 became become VBD 12456 625 6 notorious notorious JJ 12456 625 7 at at IN 12456 625 8 Lyons Lyons NNP 12456 625 9 about about IN 12456 625 10 the the DT 12456 625 11 same same JJ 12456 625 12 time time NN 12456 625 13 was be VBD 12456 625 14 a a DT 12456 625 15 schismatic schismatic JJ 12456 625 16 , , , 12456 625 17 not not RB 12456 625 18 a a DT 12456 625 19 heretic heretic JJ 12456 625 20 movement movement NN 12456 625 21 . . . 12456 626 1 The the DT 12456 626 2 Vaudois Vaudois NNP 12456 626 3 objected object VBD 12456 626 4 to to IN 12456 626 5 the the DT 12456 626 6 profligacy profligacy NN 12456 626 7 and and CC 12456 626 8 worldliness worldliness NN 12456 626 9 of of IN 12456 626 10 the the DT 12456 626 11 Roman roman JJ 12456 626 12 Catholic Catholic NNP 12456 626 13 clergy clergy NN 12456 626 14 , , , 12456 626 15 but but CC 12456 626 16 did do VBD 12456 626 17 not not RB 12456 626 18 quarrel quarrel VB 12456 626 19 with with IN 12456 626 20 church church NN 12456 626 21 doctrine doctrine NN 12456 626 22 . . . 12456 627 1 The the DT 12456 627 2 Albigenses albigense NNS 12456 627 3 were be VBD 12456 627 4 no no RB 12456 627 5 less less RBR 12456 627 6 zealous zealous JJ 12456 627 7 than than IN 12456 627 8 the the DT 12456 627 9 Vaudois Vaudois NNP 12456 627 10 in in IN 12456 627 11 reproving reprove VBG 12456 627 12 the the DT 12456 627 13 church church NN 12456 627 14 clergy clergy NN 12456 627 15 and and CC 12456 627 16 setting set VBG 12456 627 17 an an DT 12456 627 18 example example NN 12456 627 19 of of IN 12456 627 20 purity purity NN 12456 627 21 and and CC 12456 627 22 unselfishness unselfishness NN 12456 627 23 of of IN 12456 627 24 life life NN 12456 627 25 . . . 12456 628 1 But but CC 12456 628 2 they -PRON- PRP 12456 628 3 also also RB 12456 628 4 differed differ VBD 12456 628 5 profoundly profoundly RB 12456 628 6 from from IN 12456 628 7 the the DT 12456 628 8 church church NN 12456 628 9 in in IN 12456 628 10 matters matter NNS 12456 628 11 of of IN 12456 628 12 doctrine doctrine NN 12456 628 13 . . . 12456 629 1 Upon upon IN 12456 629 2 the the DT 12456 629 3 election election NN 12456 629 4 of of IN 12456 629 5 Otho Otho NNP 12456 629 6 as as IN 12456 629 7 Emperor Emperor NNP 12456 629 8 , , , 12456 629 9 in in IN 12456 629 10 1208 1208 CD 12456 629 11 , , , 12456 629 12 Germany Germany NNP 12456 629 13 and and CC 12456 629 14 Rome Rome NNP 12456 629 15 were be VBD 12456 629 16 at at IN 12456 629 17 peace peace NN 12456 629 18 , , , 12456 629 19 and and CC 12456 629 20 Pope Pope NNP 12456 629 21 Innocent Innocent NNP 12456 629 22 III III NNP 12456 629 23 . . . 12456 630 1 found find VBD 12456 630 2 himself -PRON- PRP 12456 630 3 at at IN 12456 630 4 liberty liberty NN 12456 630 5 to to TO 12456 630 6 devote devote VB 12456 630 7 some some DT 12456 630 8 attention attention NN 12456 630 9 to to IN 12456 630 10 affairs affair NNS 12456 630 11 in in IN 12456 630 12 Southern Southern NNP 12456 630 13 France France NNP 12456 630 14 . . . 12456 631 1 He -PRON- PRP 12456 631 2 had have VBD 12456 631 3 already already RB 12456 631 4 made make VBN 12456 631 5 some some DT 12456 631 6 efforts effort NNS 12456 631 7 to to TO 12456 631 8 oppose oppose VB 12456 631 9 the the DT 12456 631 10 growth growth NN 12456 631 11 of of IN 12456 631 12 heresy heresy NN 12456 631 13 : : : 12456 631 14 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 631 15 first first JJ 12456 631 16 emissaries emissary NNS 12456 631 17 were be VBD 12456 631 18 unable unable JJ 12456 631 19 to to TO 12456 631 20 produce produce VB 12456 631 21 the the DT 12456 631 22 least least JJS 12456 631 23 effect effect NN 12456 631 24 and and CC 12456 631 25 in in IN 12456 631 26 1208 1208 CD 12456 631 27 he -PRON- PRP 12456 631 28 had have VBD 12456 631 29 sent send VBN 12456 631 30 Arnaut Arnaut NNP 12456 631 31 of of IN 12456 631 32 Citeaux Citeaux NNP 12456 631 33 and and CC 12456 631 34 two two CD 12456 631 35 Cistercian cistercian JJ 12456 631 36 monks monk NNS 12456 631 37 into into IN 12456 631 38 Southern Southern NNP 12456 631 39 France France NNP 12456 631 40 with with IN 12456 631 41 full full JJ 12456 631 42 powers power NNS 12456 631 43 to to TO 12456 631 44 act act VB 12456 631 45 . . . 12456 632 1 Their -PRON- PRP$ 12456 632 2 efforts effort NNS 12456 632 3 proved prove VBD 12456 632 4 fruitless fruitless JJ 12456 632 5 , , , 12456 632 6 because because IN 12456 632 7 Philippe Philippe NNP 12456 632 8 Auguste Auguste NNP 12456 632 9 was be VBD 12456 632 10 no no DT 12456 632 11 less less RBR 12456 632 12 indifferent indifferent JJ 12456 632 13 than than IN 12456 632 14 the the DT 12456 632 15 provincial provincial JJ 12456 632 16 lords lord NNS 12456 632 17 , , , 12456 632 18 who who WP 12456 632 19 actually actually RB 12456 632 20 favoured favour VBD 12456 632 21 the the DT 12456 632 22 [ [ -LRB- 12456 632 23 77 77 CD 12456 632 24 ] ] -RRB- 12456 632 25 heretics heretic NNS 12456 632 26 in in IN 12456 632 27 many many JJ 12456 632 28 cases case NNS 12456 632 29 ; ; : 12456 632 30 the the DT 12456 632 31 Roman Roman NNP 12456 632 32 Catholic Catholic NNP 12456 632 33 bishops bishop NNS 12456 632 34 also also RB 12456 632 35 were be VBD 12456 632 36 jealous jealous JJ 12456 632 37 of of IN 12456 632 38 the the DT 12456 632 39 pope pope NNP 12456 632 40 's 's POS 12456 632 41 legates legate NNS 12456 632 42 and and CC 12456 632 43 refused refuse VBD 12456 632 44 to to TO 12456 632 45 support support VB 12456 632 46 them -PRON- PRP 12456 632 47 . . . 12456 633 1 Not not RB 12456 633 2 only only RB 12456 633 3 the the DT 12456 633 4 laity laity NN 12456 633 5 but but CC 12456 633 6 many many JJ 12456 633 7 of of IN 12456 633 8 the the DT 12456 633 9 clergy clergy NN 12456 633 10 had have VBD 12456 633 11 been be VBN 12456 633 12 seduced seduce VBN 12456 633 13 : : : 12456 633 14 the the DT 12456 633 15 heretics heretic NNS 12456 633 16 had have VBD 12456 633 17 translated translate VBN 12456 633 18 large large JJ 12456 633 19 portions portion NNS 12456 633 20 of of IN 12456 633 21 scripture scripture NN 12456 633 22 ( ( -LRB- 12456 633 23 translations translation NNS 12456 633 24 which which WDT 12456 633 25 still still RB 12456 633 26 remain remain VBP 12456 633 27 to to IN 12456 633 28 us -PRON- PRP 12456 633 29 ) ) -RRB- 12456 633 30 and and CC 12456 633 31 constantly constantly RB 12456 633 32 appealed appeal VBD 12456 633 33 to to IN 12456 633 34 the the DT 12456 633 35 scriptures scripture NNS 12456 633 36 in in IN 12456 633 37 opposition opposition NN 12456 633 38 to to IN 12456 633 39 the the DT 12456 633 40 canon canon NNP 12456 633 41 laws law NNS 12456 633 42 and and CC 12456 633 43 the the DT 12456 633 44 immorality immorality NN 12456 633 45 of of IN 12456 633 46 Rome Rome NNP 12456 633 47 . . . 12456 634 1 They -PRON- PRP 12456 634 2 had have VBD 12456 634 3 a a DT 12456 634 4 full full JJ 12456 634 5 parochial parochial JJ 12456 634 6 and and CC 12456 634 7 diocesan diocesan JJ 12456 634 8 organisation organisation NN 12456 634 9 and and CC 12456 634 10 were be VBD 12456 634 11 in in IN 12456 634 12 regular regular JJ 12456 634 13 communication communication NN 12456 634 14 with with IN 12456 634 15 the the DT 12456 634 16 heretics heretic NNS 12456 634 17 of of IN 12456 634 18 other other JJ 12456 634 19 countries country NNS 12456 634 20 . . . 12456 635 1 It -PRON- PRP 12456 635 2 was be VBD 12456 635 3 clear clear JJ 12456 635 4 that that IN 12456 635 5 the the DT 12456 635 6 authority authority NN 12456 635 7 of of IN 12456 635 8 Southern Southern NNP 12456 635 9 France France NNP 12456 635 10 was be VBD 12456 635 11 doomed doom VBN 12456 635 12 , , , 12456 635 13 unless unless IN 12456 635 14 some some DT 12456 635 15 vigorous vigorous JJ 12456 635 16 steps step NNS 12456 635 17 to to TO 12456 635 18 assert assert VB 12456 635 19 her -PRON- PRP$ 12456 635 20 authority authority NN 12456 635 21 were be VBD 12456 635 22 speedily speedily RB 12456 635 23 taken take VBN 12456 635 24 . . . 12456 636 1 " " `` 12456 636 2 Ita Ita NNP 12456 636 3 per per IN 12456 636 4 omnes omne NNS 12456 636 5 terras terras NNP 12456 636 6 multiplicati multiplicati NNP 12456 636 7 sunt sunt NNP 12456 636 8 ut ut NNP 12456 636 9 grande grande NNP 12456 636 10 periculum periculum NNP 12456 636 11 patiatur patiatur NN 12456 636 12 ecclesia ecclesia NNP 12456 636 13 Dei Dei NNP 12456 636 14 . . . 12456 636 15 " " '' 12456 637 1 [ [ -LRB- 12456 637 2 27 27 CD 12456 637 3 ] ] -RRB- 12456 637 4 The the DT 12456 637 5 efforts effort NNS 12456 637 6 of of IN 12456 637 7 St St NNP 12456 637 8 Dominic Dominic NNP 12456 637 9 were be VBD 12456 637 10 followed follow VBN 12456 637 11 by by IN 12456 637 12 the the DT 12456 637 13 murder murder NN 12456 637 14 of of IN 12456 637 15 the the DT 12456 637 16 papal papal JJ 12456 637 17 legate legate NN 12456 637 18 , , , 12456 637 19 Pierre Pierre NNP 12456 637 20 de de NNP 12456 637 21 Castelnau Castelnau NNP 12456 637 22 , , , 12456 637 23 in in IN 12456 637 24 1208 1208 CD 12456 637 25 , , , 12456 637 26 which which WDT 12456 637 27 created create VBD 12456 637 28 an an DT 12456 637 29 excitement excitement NN 12456 637 30 comparable comparable JJ 12456 637 31 with with IN 12456 637 32 that that DT 12456 637 33 aroused arouse VBN 12456 637 34 by by IN 12456 637 35 the the DT 12456 637 36 murder murder NN 12456 637 37 of of IN 12456 637 38 Thomas Thomas NNP 12456 637 39 à à NNP 12456 637 40 Becket Becket NNP 12456 637 41 , , , 12456 637 42 thirty thirty CD 12456 637 43 - - HYPH 12456 637 44 eight eight CD 12456 637 45 years year NNS 12456 637 46 before before RB 12456 637 47 , , , 12456 637 48 and and CC 12456 637 49 gave give VBD 12456 637 50 Innocent Innocent NNP 12456 637 51 III III NNP 12456 637 52 . . . 12456 638 1 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 638 2 opportunity opportunity NN 12456 638 3 . . . 12456 639 1 In in IN 12456 639 2 the the DT 12456 639 3 summer summer NN 12456 639 4 of of IN 12456 639 5 1209 1209 CD 12456 639 6 a a DT 12456 639 7 great great JJ 12456 639 8 army army NN 12456 639 9 of of IN 12456 639 10 crusaders crusader NNS 12456 639 11 assembled assemble VBN 12456 639 12 at at IN 12456 639 13 Lyons Lyons NNP 12456 639 14 , , , 12456 639 15 and and CC 12456 639 16 Southern Southern NNP 12456 639 17 France France NNP 12456 639 18 was be VBD 12456 639 19 invaded invade VBN 12456 639 20 by by IN 12456 639 21 a a DT 12456 639 22 horde horde NN 12456 639 23 composed compose VBN 12456 639 24 partly partly RB 12456 639 25 of of IN 12456 639 26 religious religious JJ 12456 639 27 fanatics fanatic NNS 12456 639 28 , , , 12456 639 29 of of IN 12456 639 30 men man NNS 12456 639 31 who who WP 12456 639 32 were be VBD 12456 639 33 anxious anxious JJ 12456 639 34 to to TO 12456 639 35 gain gain VB 12456 639 36 the the DT 12456 639 37 indulgences indulgence NNS 12456 639 38 awarded award VBN 12456 639 39 to to IN 12456 639 40 crusaders crusader NNS 12456 639 41 without without IN 12456 639 42 the the DT 12456 639 43 danger danger NN 12456 639 44 of of IN 12456 639 45 a a DT 12456 639 46 journey journey NN 12456 639 47 overseas overseas RB 12456 639 48 , , , 12456 639 49 and and CC 12456 639 50 of of IN 12456 639 51 men man NNS 12456 639 52 who who WP 12456 639 53 were be VBD 12456 639 54 simply simply RB 12456 639 55 bent bent JJ 12456 639 56 on on IN 12456 639 57 plunder plunder NN 12456 639 58 . . . 12456 640 1 The the DT 12456 640 2 last last JJ 12456 640 3 stage stage NN 12456 640 4 in in IN 12456 640 5 the the DT 12456 640 6 development development NN 12456 640 7 of of IN 12456 640 8 the the DT 12456 640 9 crusade crusade NN 12456 640 10 movement movement NN 12456 640 11 was be VBD 12456 640 12 thereby thereby RB 12456 640 13 reached reach VBN 12456 640 14 : : : 12456 640 15 originally originally RB 12456 640 16 begun begin VBN 12456 640 17 to to TO 12456 640 18 recover recover VB 12456 640 19 [ [ -LRB- 12456 640 20 78 78 CD 12456 640 21 ] ] -RRB- 12456 640 22 the the DT 12456 640 23 Holy Holy NNP 12456 640 24 Sepulchre Sepulchre NNP 12456 640 25 , , , 12456 640 26 it -PRON- PRP 12456 640 27 had have VBD 12456 640 28 been be VBN 12456 640 29 extended extend VBN 12456 640 30 to to IN 12456 640 31 other other JJ 12456 640 32 countries country NNS 12456 640 33 against against IN 12456 640 34 the the DT 12456 640 35 avowed avow VBN 12456 640 36 enemies enemy NNS 12456 640 37 of of IN 12456 640 38 Christianity Christianity NNP 12456 640 39 . . . 12456 641 1 Now now RB 12456 641 2 the the DT 12456 641 3 movement movement NN 12456 641 4 was be VBD 12456 641 5 to to TO 12456 641 6 be be VB 12456 641 7 turned turn VBN 12456 641 8 against against IN 12456 641 9 erring err VBG 12456 641 10 members member NNS 12456 641 11 of of IN 12456 641 12 the the DT 12456 641 13 Christian Christian NNP 12456 641 14 Church Church NNP 12456 641 15 and and CC 12456 641 16 in in IN 12456 641 17 the the DT 12456 641 18 terms term NNS 12456 641 19 of of IN 12456 641 20 a a DT 12456 641 21 metaphor metaphor NN 12456 641 22 much much RB 12456 641 23 abused abuse VBN 12456 641 24 at at IN 12456 641 25 that that DT 12456 641 26 period period NN 12456 641 27 , , , 12456 641 28 the the DT 12456 641 29 Crusader Crusader NNP 12456 641 30 was be VBD 12456 641 31 not not RB 12456 641 32 only only RB 12456 641 33 to to TO 12456 641 34 destroy destroy VB 12456 641 35 the the DT 12456 641 36 wolf wolf NN 12456 641 37 , , , 12456 641 38 but but CC 12456 641 39 to to TO 12456 641 40 drive drive VB 12456 641 41 the the DT 12456 641 42 vagrant vagrant JJ 12456 641 43 sheep sheep NN 12456 641 44 back back RB 12456 641 45 into into IN 12456 641 46 the the DT 12456 641 47 fold fold NN 12456 641 48 . . . 12456 642 1 [ [ -LRB- 12456 642 2 28 28 CD 12456 642 3 ] ] -RRB- 12456 642 4 Beziers Beziers NNPS 12456 642 5 and and CC 12456 642 6 Carcassonne Carcassonne NNP 12456 642 7 were be VBD 12456 642 8 captured capture VBN 12456 642 9 with with IN 12456 642 10 massacre massacre NN 12456 642 11 ; ; : 12456 642 12 Toulouse Toulouse NNP 12456 642 13 was be VBD 12456 642 14 spared spare VBN 12456 642 15 upon upon IN 12456 642 16 the the DT 12456 642 17 humiliating humiliating JJ 12456 642 18 submission submission NN 12456 642 19 of of IN 12456 642 20 Raimon Raimon NNP 12456 642 21 VI VI NNP 12456 642 22 . . NNP 12456 642 23 , , , 12456 642 24 and and CC 12456 642 25 little little JJ 12456 642 26 organised organised JJ 12456 642 27 opposition opposition NN 12456 642 28 was be VBD 12456 642 29 offered offer VBN 12456 642 30 to to IN 12456 642 31 the the DT 12456 642 32 crusading crusade VBG 12456 642 33 forces force NNS 12456 642 34 under under IN 12456 642 35 Simon Simon NNP 12456 642 36 de de NNP 12456 642 37 Montfort Montfort NNP 12456 642 38 . . . 12456 643 1 The the DT 12456 643 2 following follow VBG 12456 643 3 years year NNS 12456 643 4 saw see VBD 12456 643 5 the the DT 12456 643 6 revolt revolt NN 12456 643 7 of of IN 12456 643 8 Toulouse Toulouse NNP 12456 643 9 and and CC 12456 643 10 the the DT 12456 643 11 excommunication excommunication NN 12456 643 12 of of IN 12456 643 13 Raimon Raimon NNP 12456 643 14 VI VI NNP 12456 643 15 . . . 12456 644 1 ( ( -LRB- 12456 644 2 1211 1211 CD 12456 644 3 ) ) -RRB- 12456 644 4 , , , 12456 644 5 the the DT 12456 644 6 battle battle NN 12456 644 7 of of IN 12456 644 8 Muret Muret NNP 12456 644 9 in in IN 12456 644 10 which which WDT 12456 644 11 Raimon Raimon NNP 12456 644 12 was be VBD 12456 644 13 defeated defeat VBN 12456 644 14 and and CC 12456 644 15 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 644 16 supporter supporter NN 12456 644 17 Pedro Pedro NNP 12456 644 18 of of IN 12456 644 19 Aragon Aragon NNP 12456 644 20 , , , 12456 644 21 was be VBD 12456 644 22 killed kill VBN 12456 644 23 ( ( -LRB- 12456 644 24 1213 1213 CD 12456 644 25 ) ) -RRB- 12456 644 26 , , , 12456 644 27 the the DT 12456 644 28 Lateran Lateran NNP 12456 644 29 Council Council NNP 12456 644 30 ( ( -LRB- 12456 644 31 1215 1215 CD 12456 644 32 ) ) -RRB- 12456 644 33 , , , 12456 644 34 the the DT 12456 644 35 siege siege NN 12456 644 36 of of IN 12456 644 37 Toulouse Toulouse NNP 12456 644 38 and and CC 12456 644 39 the the DT 12456 644 40 death death NN 12456 644 41 of of IN 12456 644 42 Simon Simon NNP 12456 644 43 de de NNP 12456 644 44 Montfort Montfort NNP 12456 644 45 ( ( -LRB- 12456 644 46 1218 1218 CD 12456 644 47 ) ) -RRB- 12456 644 48 . . . 12456 645 1 The the DT 12456 645 2 foundation foundation NN 12456 645 3 of of IN 12456 645 4 the the DT 12456 645 5 Dominican dominican JJ 12456 645 6 order order NN 12456 645 7 and and CC 12456 645 8 of of IN 12456 645 9 the the DT 12456 645 10 Inquisition Inquisition NNP 12456 645 11 marked mark VBD 12456 645 12 the the DT 12456 645 13 close close NN 12456 645 14 of of IN 12456 645 15 the the DT 12456 645 16 struggle struggle NN 12456 645 17 . . . 12456 646 1 Folquet folquet NN 12456 646 2 of of IN 12456 646 3 Marseilles Marseilles NNP 12456 646 4 is be VBZ 12456 646 5 a a DT 12456 646 6 troubadour troubadour JJ 12456 646 7 whose whose WP$ 12456 646 8 life life NN 12456 646 9 belongs belong VBZ 12456 646 10 to to IN 12456 646 11 these these DT 12456 646 12 years year NNS 12456 646 13 of of IN 12456 646 14 turmoil turmoil NN 12456 646 15 . . . 12456 647 1 He -PRON- PRP 12456 647 2 was be VBD 12456 647 3 the the DT 12456 647 4 son son NN 12456 647 5 of of IN 12456 647 6 a a DT 12456 647 7 Genoese genoese JJ 12456 647 8 merchant merchant NN 12456 647 9 by by IN 12456 647 10 name name NN 12456 647 11 Anfos Anfos NNP 12456 647 12 , , , 12456 647 13 who who WP 12456 647 14 apparently apparently RB 12456 647 15 settled settle VBD 12456 647 16 in in IN 12456 647 17 Marseilles Marseilles NNP 12456 647 18 for for IN 12456 647 19 business business NN 12456 647 20 reasons reason NNS 12456 647 21 : : : 12456 647 22 Genoa Genoa NNP 12456 647 23 was be VBD 12456 647 24 in in IN 12456 647 25 close close JJ 12456 647 26 commercial commercial JJ 12456 647 27 relations relation NNS 12456 647 28 with with IN 12456 647 29 the the DT 12456 647 30 South South NNP 12456 647 31 of of IN 12456 647 32 France France NNP 12456 647 33 during during IN 12456 647 34 the the DT 12456 647 35 twelfth twelfth JJ 12456 647 36 century century NN 12456 647 37 , , , 12456 647 38 as as IN 12456 647 39 is be VBZ 12456 647 40 attested attest VBN 12456 647 41 by by IN 12456 647 42 treaties treaty NNS 12456 647 43 concluded conclude VBN 12456 647 44 with with IN 12456 647 45 Marseilles Marseilles NNPS 12456 647 46 in in IN 12456 647 47 1138 1138 CD 12456 647 48 and and CC 12456 647 49 with with IN 12456 647 50 Raimon Raimon NNP 12456 647 51 of of IN 12456 647 52 Toulouse Toulouse NNP 12456 647 53 in in IN 12456 647 54 1174 1174 CD 12456 647 55 . . . 12456 648 1 Folquet Folquet NNP 12456 648 2 ( ( -LRB- 12456 648 3 or or CC 12456 648 4 Fulco Fulco NNP 12456 648 5 in in IN 12456 648 6 Latin Latin NNP 12456 648 7 form form NN 12456 648 8 ) ) -RRB- 12456 648 9 [ [ -LRB- 12456 648 10 79 79 CD 12456 648 11 ] ] -RRB- 12456 648 12 seems seem VBZ 12456 648 13 to to TO 12456 648 14 have have VB 12456 648 15 carried carry VBN 12456 648 16 on on IN 12456 648 17 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 648 18 father father NN 12456 648 19 's 's POS 12456 648 20 business business NN 12456 648 21 and and CC 12456 648 22 to to TO 12456 648 23 have have VB 12456 648 24 amused amuse VBN 12456 648 25 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 648 26 leisure leisure NN 12456 648 27 hours hour NNS 12456 648 28 by by IN 12456 648 29 poetical poetical JJ 12456 648 30 composition composition NN 12456 648 31 . . . 12456 649 1 The the DT 12456 649 2 Monk Monk NNP 12456 649 3 of of IN 12456 649 4 Montandon Montandon NNP 12456 649 5 refers refer VBZ 12456 649 6 to to IN 12456 649 7 him -PRON- PRP 12456 649 8 as as IN 12456 649 9 a a DT 12456 649 10 merchant merchant NN 12456 649 11 in in IN 12456 649 12 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 649 13 _ _ NNP 12456 649 14 sirventes sirvente NNS 12456 649 15 _ _ NNP 12456 649 16 upon upon IN 12456 649 17 other other JJ 12456 649 18 troubadours troubadour NNS 12456 649 19 . . . 12456 650 1 He -PRON- PRP 12456 650 2 is be VBZ 12456 650 3 placed place VBN 12456 650 4 in in IN 12456 650 5 Paradise Paradise NNP 12456 650 6 by by IN 12456 650 7 Dante Dante NNP 12456 650 8 and and CC 12456 650 9 is be VBZ 12456 650 10 the the DT 12456 650 11 only only JJ 12456 650 12 troubadour troubadour CD 12456 650 13 who who WP 12456 650 14 there there EX 12456 650 15 appears appear VBZ 12456 650 16 , , , 12456 650 17 no no RB 12456 650 18 doubt doubt RB 12456 650 19 because because IN 12456 650 20 of of IN 12456 650 21 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 650 22 services service NNS 12456 650 23 to to IN 12456 650 24 the the DT 12456 650 25 Church Church NNP 12456 650 26 . . . 12456 651 1 His -PRON- PRP$ 12456 651 2 earliest early JJS 12456 651 3 poems poem NNS 12456 651 4 , , , 12456 651 5 written write VBN 12456 651 6 after after IN 12456 651 7 1180 1180 CD 12456 651 8 , , , 12456 651 9 were be VBD 12456 651 10 composed compose VBN 12456 651 11 in in IN 12456 651 12 honour honour NN 12456 651 13 of of IN 12456 651 14 Azalais Azalais NNP 12456 651 15 , , , 12456 651 16 the the DT 12456 651 17 lady lady NN 12456 651 18 whose whose WP$ 12456 651 19 favour favour NN 12456 651 20 was be VBD 12456 651 21 sought seek VBN 12456 651 22 by by IN 12456 651 23 Peire Peire NNP 12456 651 24 Vidal Vidal NNP 12456 651 25 , , , 12456 651 26 and and CC 12456 651 27 to to IN 12456 651 28 whom whom WP 12456 651 29 Folquet Folquet NNP 12456 651 30 refers refer VBZ 12456 651 31 by by IN 12456 651 32 the the DT 12456 651 33 _ _ NNP 12456 651 34 senhal senhal NN 12456 651 35 _ _ NNP 12456 651 36 of of IN 12456 651 37 Aimant Aimant NNP 12456 651 38 ( ( -LRB- 12456 651 39 magnet magnet NN 12456 651 40 ) ) -RRB- 12456 651 41 . . . 12456 652 1 His -PRON- PRP$ 12456 652 2 poems poem NNS 12456 652 3 are be VBP 12456 652 4 ingenious ingenious JJ 12456 652 5 dissertations dissertation NNS 12456 652 6 upon upon IN 12456 652 7 love love NN 12456 652 8 and and CC 12456 652 9 we -PRON- PRP 12456 652 10 catch catch VBP 12456 652 11 little little JJ 12456 652 12 trace trace NN 12456 652 13 of of IN 12456 652 14 real real JJ 12456 652 15 feeling feeling NN 12456 652 16 in in IN 12456 652 17 them -PRON- PRP 12456 652 18 . . . 12456 653 1 The the DT 12456 653 2 stories story NNS 12456 653 3 of of IN 12456 653 4 the the DT 12456 653 5 jealousy jealousy NN 12456 653 6 of of IN 12456 653 7 Azalais Azalais NNP 12456 653 8 ' ' POS 12456 653 9 sister sister NN 12456 653 10 which which WDT 12456 653 11 drove drive VBD 12456 653 12 Folquet Folquet NNP 12456 653 13 to to TO 12456 653 14 leave leave VB 12456 653 15 Marseilles marseille NNS 12456 653 16 are be VBP 12456 653 17 probably probably RB 12456 653 18 apocryphal apocryphal VBN 12456 653 19 . . . 12456 654 1 Folquet folquet NN 12456 654 2 also also RB 12456 654 3 addressed address VBD 12456 654 4 poems poem NNS 12456 654 5 to to IN 12456 654 6 the the DT 12456 654 7 wife wife NN 12456 654 8 of of IN 12456 654 9 the the DT 12456 654 10 Count Count NNP 12456 654 11 of of IN 12456 654 12 Montpelier Montpelier NNP 12456 654 13 , , , 12456 654 14 the the DT 12456 654 15 daughter daughter NN 12456 654 16 of of IN 12456 654 17 the the DT 12456 654 18 Emperor Emperor NNP 12456 654 19 of of IN 12456 654 20 Constantinople Constantinople NNP 12456 654 21 . . . 12456 655 1 He -PRON- PRP 12456 655 2 wrote write VBD 12456 655 3 a a DT 12456 655 4 fine fine JJ 12456 655 5 _ _ NNP 12456 655 6 planh planh NNP 12456 655 7 _ _ NNP 12456 655 8 on on IN 12456 655 9 the the DT 12456 655 10 death death NN 12456 655 11 of of IN 12456 655 12 Barral Barral NNP 12456 655 13 of of IN 12456 655 14 Marseilles Marseilles NNPS 12456 655 15 in in IN 12456 655 16 1192 1192 CD 12456 655 17 and and CC 12456 655 18 it -PRON- PRP 12456 655 19 was be VBD 12456 655 20 about about IN 12456 655 21 this this DT 12456 655 22 time time NN 12456 655 23 that that WRB 12456 655 24 he -PRON- PRP 12456 655 25 resolved resolve VBD 12456 655 26 to to TO 12456 655 27 enter enter VB 12456 655 28 the the DT 12456 655 29 church church NN 12456 655 30 . . . 12456 656 1 His -PRON- PRP$ 12456 656 2 last last JJ 12456 656 3 poem poem NN 12456 656 4 belongs belong VBZ 12456 656 5 to to IN 12456 656 6 the the DT 12456 656 7 year year NN 12456 656 8 1195 1195 CD 12456 656 9 . . . 12456 657 1 No no RB 12456 657 2 doubt doubt RB 12456 657 3 the the DT 12456 657 4 wealth wealth NN 12456 657 5 which which WDT 12456 657 6 he -PRON- PRP 12456 657 7 may may MD 12456 657 8 have have VB 12456 657 9 brought bring VBN 12456 657 10 to to IN 12456 657 11 the the DT 12456 657 12 Church Church NNP 12456 657 13 as as IN 12456 657 14 a a DT 12456 657 15 successful successful JJ 12456 657 16 merchant merchant NN 12456 657 17 contributed contribute VBD 12456 657 18 to to IN 12456 657 19 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 657 20 advancement advancement NN 12456 657 21 , , , 12456 657 22 but but CC 12456 657 23 Folquet Folquet NNP 12456 657 24 was be VBD 12456 657 25 also also RB 12456 657 26 an an DT 12456 657 27 indomitably indomitably RB 12456 657 28 energetic energetic JJ 12456 657 29 character character NN 12456 657 30 . . . 12456 658 1 Unlike unlike IN 12456 658 2 so so RB 12456 658 3 many many JJ 12456 658 4 of of IN 12456 658 5 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 658 6 fellow fellow JJ 12456 658 7 poets poet NNS 12456 658 8 , , , 12456 658 9 who who WP 12456 658 10 retired retire VBD 12456 658 11 to to IN 12456 658 12 monasteries monastery NNS 12456 658 13 and and CC 12456 658 14 there there EX 12456 658 15 lived live VBD 12456 658 16 out out RP 12456 658 17 their -PRON- PRP$ 12456 658 18 lives life NNS 12456 658 19 in in IN 12456 658 20 seclusion seclusion NN 12456 658 21 , , , 12456 658 22 Folquet Folquet NNP 12456 658 23 displayed display VBD 12456 658 24 special special JJ 12456 658 25 talents talent NNS 12456 658 26 or or CC 12456 658 27 [ [ -LRB- 12456 658 28 80 80 CD 12456 658 29 ] ] -RRB- 12456 658 30 special special JJ 12456 658 31 enthusiasm enthusiasm NN 12456 658 32 for for IN 12456 658 33 the the DT 12456 658 34 order order NN 12456 658 35 which which WDT 12456 658 36 he -PRON- PRP 12456 658 37 joined join VBD 12456 658 38 . . . 12456 659 1 Of of IN 12456 659 2 the the DT 12456 659 3 Cistercian cistercian JJ 12456 659 4 abbey abbey NN 12456 659 5 of of IN 12456 659 6 Toronet toronet NN 12456 659 7 in in IN 12456 659 8 the the DT 12456 659 9 diocese diocese NN 12456 659 10 of of IN 12456 659 11 Fréjus Fréjus NNP 12456 659 12 he -PRON- PRP 12456 659 13 became become VBD 12456 659 14 abbot abbot JJ 12456 659 15 , , , 12456 659 16 and and CC 12456 659 17 in in IN 12456 659 18 1205 1205 CD 12456 659 19 was be VBD 12456 659 20 made make VBN 12456 659 21 Bishop Bishop NNP 12456 659 22 of of IN 12456 659 23 Toulouse Toulouse NNP 12456 659 24 . . . 12456 660 1 He -PRON- PRP 12456 660 2 then then RB 12456 660 3 , , , 12456 660 4 in in IN 12456 660 5 company company NN 12456 660 6 with with IN 12456 660 7 St St NNP 12456 660 8 Dominic Dominic NNP 12456 660 9 , , , 12456 660 10 becomes become VBZ 12456 660 11 one one CD 12456 660 12 of of IN 12456 660 13 the the DT 12456 660 14 great great JJ 12456 660 15 figures figure NNS 12456 660 16 of of IN 12456 660 17 the the DT 12456 660 18 Albigeois Albigeois NNP 12456 660 19 crusade crusade NN 12456 660 20 : : : 12456 660 21 in in IN 12456 660 22 1209 1209 CD 12456 660 23 he -PRON- PRP 12456 660 24 was be VBD 12456 660 25 acting act VBG 12456 660 26 with with IN 12456 660 27 Simon Simon NNP 12456 660 28 de de NNP 12456 660 29 Montfort Montfort NNP 12456 660 30 against against IN 12456 660 31 Raimon Raimon NNP 12456 660 32 VI VI NNP 12456 660 33 . . NNP 12456 660 34 , , , 12456 660 35 the the DT 12456 660 36 son son NN 12456 660 37 of of IN 12456 660 38 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 660 39 old old JJ 12456 660 40 patron patron NN 12456 660 41 and and CC 12456 660 42 benefactor benefactor NN 12456 660 43 , , , 12456 660 44 and and CC 12456 660 45 persuaded persuade VBD 12456 660 46 the the DT 12456 660 47 count count NN 12456 660 48 to to TO 12456 660 49 surrender surrender VB 12456 660 50 the the DT 12456 660 51 citadel citadel NN 12456 660 52 of of IN 12456 660 53 Toulouse Toulouse NNP 12456 660 54 to to IN 12456 660 55 de de NNP 12456 660 56 Montfort Montfort NNP 12456 660 57 and and CC 12456 660 58 the the DT 12456 660 59 papal papal JJ 12456 660 60 legate legate NN 12456 660 61 . . . 12456 661 1 He -PRON- PRP 12456 661 2 travelled travel VBD 12456 661 3 in in IN 12456 661 4 Northern Northern NNP 12456 661 5 France France NNP 12456 661 6 in in IN 12456 661 7 order order NN 12456 661 8 to to TO 12456 661 9 stir stir VB 12456 661 10 up up RP 12456 661 11 enthusiasm enthusiasm NN 12456 661 12 for for IN 12456 661 13 the the DT 12456 661 14 crusade crusade NN 12456 661 15 . . . 12456 662 1 The the DT 12456 662 2 legend legend NN 12456 662 3 is be VBZ 12456 662 4 related relate VBN 12456 662 5 that that IN 12456 662 6 , , , 12456 662 7 hearing hear VBG 12456 662 8 one one CD 12456 662 9 of of IN 12456 662 10 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 662 11 love love NN 12456 662 12 songs song NNS 12456 662 13 sung sing VBN 12456 662 14 by by IN 12456 662 15 a a DT 12456 662 16 minstrel minstrel NN 12456 662 17 at at IN 12456 662 18 Paris Paris NNP 12456 662 19 , , , 12456 662 20 he -PRON- PRP 12456 662 21 imposed impose VBD 12456 662 22 penance penance NN 12456 662 23 upon upon IN 12456 662 24 himself -PRON- PRP 12456 662 25 . . . 12456 663 1 He -PRON- PRP 12456 663 2 helped help VBD 12456 663 3 to to TO 12456 663 4 establish establish VB 12456 663 5 the the DT 12456 663 6 Inquisition Inquisition NNP 12456 663 7 in in IN 12456 663 8 Languedoc Languedoc NNP 12456 663 9 , , , 12456 663 10 and and CC 12456 663 11 at at IN 12456 663 12 the the DT 12456 663 13 Lateran Lateran NNP 12456 663 14 council council NN 12456 663 15 of of IN 12456 663 16 1215 1215 CD 12456 663 17 was be VBD 12456 663 18 the the DT 12456 663 19 most most RBS 12456 663 20 violent violent JJ 12456 663 21 opponent opponent NN 12456 663 22 of of IN 12456 663 23 Count Count NNP 12456 663 24 Raimon Raimon NNP 12456 663 25 . . . 12456 664 1 To to TO 12456 664 2 enter enter VB 12456 664 3 into into IN 12456 664 4 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 664 5 history history NN 12456 664 6 in in IN 12456 664 7 detail detail NN 12456 664 8 during during IN 12456 664 9 this this DT 12456 664 10 period period NN 12456 664 11 would would MD 12456 664 12 be be VB 12456 664 13 to to TO 12456 664 14 recount recount VB 12456 664 15 a a DT 12456 664 16 large large JJ 12456 664 17 portion portion NN 12456 664 18 of of IN 12456 664 19 the the DT 12456 664 20 somewhat somewhat RB 12456 664 21 intricate intricate JJ 12456 664 22 history history NN 12456 664 23 of of IN 12456 664 24 the the DT 12456 664 25 crusade crusade NN 12456 664 26 . . . 12456 665 1 Of of IN 12456 665 2 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 665 3 fanaticism fanaticism NN 12456 665 4 , , , 12456 665 5 and and CC 12456 665 6 of of IN 12456 665 7 the the DT 12456 665 8 cruelty cruelty NN 12456 665 9 with with IN 12456 665 10 which which WDT 12456 665 11 he -PRON- PRP 12456 665 12 waged wage VBD 12456 665 13 war war NN 12456 665 14 upon upon IN 12456 665 15 the the DT 12456 665 16 heretics heretic NNS 12456 665 17 , , , 12456 665 18 the the DT 12456 665 19 Count Count NNP 12456 665 20 Raimon Raimon NNP 12456 665 21 Roger Roger NNP 12456 665 22 of of IN 12456 665 23 Foix Foix NNP 12456 665 24 speaks speak VBZ 12456 665 25 at at IN 12456 665 26 the the DT 12456 665 27 Lateran Lateran NNP 12456 665 28 council council NN 12456 665 29 , , , 12456 665 30 when when WRB 12456 665 31 defending defend VBG 12456 665 32 himself -PRON- PRP 12456 665 33 against against IN 12456 665 34 the the DT 12456 665 35 accusation accusation NN 12456 665 36 of of IN 12456 665 37 heresy heresy NN 12456 665 38 . . . 12456 666 1 E e UH 12456 666 2 die die VBP 12456 666 3 vos vos NNP 12456 666 4 de de FW 12456 666 5 l'avesque l'avesque NNP 12456 666 6 , , , 12456 666 7 que que NNP 12456 666 8 tant tant NNP 12456 666 9 n'es n'es NNP 12456 666 10 afortitz afortitz NNP 12456 666 11 , , , 12456 666 12 qu'en qu'en NNP 12456 666 13 la la NNP 12456 666 14 sua sua NNP 12456 666 15 semblansa semblansa NNP 12456 666 16 es es NNP 12456 666 17 Dieus Dieus NNP 12456 666 18 e e VBZ 12456 666 19 nos nos NNP 12456 666 20 trazitz trazitz NN 12456 666 21 , , , 12456 666 22 que que NNP 12456 666 23 ab ab NNP 12456 666 24 cansos cansos FW 12456 666 25 messongeiras messongeiras NNP 12456 666 26 e e NNP 12456 666 27 ab ab NNP 12456 666 28 motz motz NNP 12456 666 29 coladitz coladitz NNP 12456 666 30 , , , 12456 666 31 do do VB 12456 666 32 nt not RB 12456 666 33 totz totz NNP 12456 666 34 horn horn NNP 12456 666 35 es es NNP 12456 666 36 perdutz perdutz NNP 12456 666 37 qui·ls qui·ls NNP 12456 666 38 canta canta NNP 12456 666 39 ni ni NNP 12456 666 40 los los NNP 12456 666 41 ditz ditz NNP 12456 666 42 , , , 12456 666 43 [ [ -LRB- 12456 666 44 81 81 CD 12456 666 45 ] ] -RRB- 12456 666 46 ez ez NNP 12456 666 47 ab ab NNP 12456 666 48 sos sos NNP 12456 666 49 reproverbis reproverbis NNP 12456 666 50 afilatz afilatz NNP 12456 666 51 e e NNP 12456 666 52 forbitz forbitz NNP 12456 666 53 ez ez NNP 12456 666 54 ab ab NNP 12456 666 55 los los NNP 12456 666 56 nostres nostres NNP 12456 666 57 dos dos NNP 12456 666 58 , , , 12456 666 59 don don NNP 12456 666 60 fo fo NNP 12456 666 61 eniotglaritz eniotglaritz NNP 12456 666 62 , , , 12456 666 63 ez ez NNP 12456 666 64 ab ab NNP 12456 666 65 mala mala NNP 12456 666 66 doctrina doctrina NNP 12456 666 67 es es NNP 12456 666 68 tant tant NNP 12456 666 69 fort fort NNP 12456 666 70 enriquitz enriquitz NN 12456 666 71 c'om c'om NNP 12456 666 72 non non NNP 12456 666 73 auza auza NNP 12456 666 74 ren ren VBP 12456 666 75 dire dire FW 12456 666 76 a a DT 12456 666 77 so so RB 12456 666 78 qu'el qu'el NNP 12456 666 79 contraditz contraditz NN 12456 666 80 . . . 12456 667 1 Pero Pero NNS 12456 667 2 ca can MD 12456 667 3 nt not RB 12456 667 4 el el NNP 12456 667 5 fo fo NNP 12456 667 6 abas abas NNP 12456 667 7 ni ni NNP 12456 667 8 monges monges NNP 12456 667 9 revestitz revestitz NNP 12456 667 10 en en FW 12456 667 11 la la NNP 12456 667 12 sua sua NNP 12456 667 13 abadia abadia NNP 12456 667 14 fo fo NNP 12456 667 15 si·l si·l NNP 12456 667 16 lums lum NNS 12456 667 17 eseurzitz eseurzitz VBP 12456 667 18 qu'anc qu'anc UH 12456 667 19 no no UH 12456 667 20 i i PRP 12456 667 21 ac ac RB 12456 667 22 be be VB 12456 667 23 ni ni NNP 12456 667 24 pauza pauza NNP 12456 667 25 , , , 12456 667 26 tro tro NNP 12456 667 27 qu'el qu'el VBZ 12456 667 28 ne ne NNP 12456 667 29 fo fo NNP 12456 667 30 ichitz ichitz NNP 12456 667 31 ; ; : 12456 667 32 e e NNP 12456 667 33 ca can MD 12456 667 34 nt not RB 12456 667 35 fo fo VB 12456 667 36 de de NNP 12456 667 37 Tholosa Tholosa NNP 12456 667 38 avesques avesque VBZ 12456 667 39 elegitz elegitz NN 12456 667 40 per per IN 12456 667 41 trastota trastota NNP 12456 667 42 la la FW 12456 667 43 terra terra NNP 12456 667 44 es es NNP 12456 667 45 tals tals NNP 12456 667 46 focs focs NNP 12456 667 47 espanditz espanditz NNP 12456 667 48 que que NNP 12456 667 49 ia ia NNP 12456 667 50 mais mais NNP 12456 667 51 per per IN 12456 667 52 nulha nulha NN 12456 667 53 aiga aiga NN 12456 667 54 no no DT 12456 667 55 sira sira JJ 12456 667 56 escantitz escantitz NN 12456 667 57 ; ; : 12456 667 58 que que NNP 12456 667 59 plus plus CC 12456 667 60 de de NNP 12456 667 61 D.M. D.M. NNP 12456 667 62 , , , 12456 667 63 que que NNP 12456 667 64 de de FW 12456 667 65 grans grans NNP 12456 667 66 que que NNP 12456 667 67 petitz petitz VBP 12456 667 68 , , , 12456 667 69 i i PRP 12456 667 70 fe fe VBP 12456 667 71 perdre perdre NNP 12456 667 72 las las NNP 12456 667 73 vidas vida VBD 12456 667 74 e·ls e·ls NNP 12456 667 75 cors cor NNS 12456 667 76 e·ls e·ls VB 12456 667 77 esperitz esperitz NN 12456 667 78 . . . 12456 668 1 Per per IN 12456 668 2 la la NNP 12456 668 3 fe fe FW 12456 668 4 qu'icu qu'icu NNP 12456 668 5 vos vos NNP 12456 668 6 deg deg NNP 12456 668 7 , , , 12456 668 8 als als FW 12456 668 9 sous sous JJ 12456 668 10 faitz faitz NN 12456 668 11 e e NNP 12456 668 12 als als NN 12456 668 13 ditz ditz NNP 12456 668 14 ez ez NNP 12456 668 15 a a FW 12456 668 16 la la FW 12456 668 17 captenensa captenensa NNP 12456 668 18 sembla sembla NNP 12456 668 19 mielhs mielhs NNP 12456 668 20 Antecritz Antecritz NNP 12456 668 21 que que NN 12456 668 22 messatges messatge NNS 12456 668 23 de de IN 12456 668 24 Roma Roma NNP 12456 668 25 . . . 12456 669 1 " " `` 12456 669 2 And and CC 12456 669 3 of of IN 12456 669 4 the the DT 12456 669 5 bishop bishop NN 12456 669 6 , , , 12456 669 7 who who WP 12456 669 8 is be VBZ 12456 669 9 so so RB 12456 669 10 zealous zealous JJ 12456 669 11 , , , 12456 669 12 I -PRON- PRP 12456 669 13 tell tell VBP 12456 669 14 you -PRON- PRP 12456 669 15 that that IN 12456 669 16 in in IN 12456 669 17 him -PRON- PRP 12456 669 18 both both CC 12456 669 19 God God NNP 12456 669 20 and and CC 12456 669 21 we -PRON- PRP 12456 669 22 ourselves -PRON- PRP 12456 669 23 are be VBP 12456 669 24 betrayed betray VBN 12456 669 25 ; ; : 12456 669 26 for for IN 12456 669 27 with with IN 12456 669 28 lying lie VBG 12456 669 29 songs song NNS 12456 669 30 and and CC 12456 669 31 insinuating insinuate VBG 12456 669 32 words word NNS 12456 669 33 , , , 12456 669 34 which which WDT 12456 669 35 are be VBP 12456 669 36 the the DT 12456 669 37 damnation damnation NN 12456 669 38 of of IN 12456 669 39 any any DT 12456 669 40 who who WP 12456 669 41 sings sing VBZ 12456 669 42 or or CC 12456 669 43 speaks speak VBZ 12456 669 44 them -PRON- PRP 12456 669 45 , , , 12456 669 46 and and CC 12456 669 47 by by IN 12456 669 48 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 669 49 keen keen JJ 12456 669 50 polished polished JJ 12456 669 51 admonitions admonition NNS 12456 669 52 , , , 12456 669 53 and and CC 12456 669 54 by by IN 12456 669 55 our -PRON- PRP$ 12456 669 56 presents present NNS 12456 669 57 wherewith wherewith VBG 12456 669 58 he -PRON- PRP 12456 669 59 maintained maintain VBD 12456 669 60 himself -PRON- PRP 12456 669 61 as as IN 12456 669 62 _ _ NNP 12456 669 63 joglar joglar NNP 12456 669 64 _ _ NNP 12456 669 65 , , , 12456 669 66 and and CC 12456 669 67 by by IN 12456 669 68 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 669 69 evil evil JJ 12456 669 70 doctrine doctrine NN 12456 669 71 , , , 12456 669 72 he -PRON- PRP 12456 669 73 has have VBZ 12456 669 74 risen rise VBN 12456 669 75 so so RB 12456 669 76 high high RB 12456 669 77 , , , 12456 669 78 that that IN 12456 669 79 one one PRP 12456 669 80 dare dare MD 12456 669 81 say say VB 12456 669 82 nothing nothing NN 12456 669 83 to to IN 12456 669 84 that that DT 12456 669 85 which which WDT 12456 669 86 he -PRON- PRP 12456 669 87 opposes oppose VBZ 12456 669 88 . . . 12456 670 1 So so RB 12456 670 2 when when WRB 12456 670 3 he -PRON- PRP 12456 670 4 was be VBD 12456 670 5 vested vest VBN 12456 670 6 as as IN 12456 670 7 abbot abbot NNP 12456 670 8 and and CC 12456 670 9 monk monk NNP 12456 670 10 , , , 12456 670 11 was be VBD 12456 670 12 the the DT 12456 670 13 light light NN 12456 670 14 in in IN 12456 670 15 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 670 16 abbey abbey NN 12456 670 17 put put VBN 12456 670 18 out out RP 12456 670 19 in in IN 12456 670 20 such such JJ 12456 670 21 wise wise JJ 12456 670 22 that that IN 12456 670 23 therein therein RB 12456 670 24 was be VBD 12456 670 25 no no DT 12456 670 26 comfort comfort NN 12456 670 27 or or CC 12456 670 28 rest rest NN 12456 670 29 , , , 12456 670 30 until until IN 12456 670 31 that that IN 12456 670 32 he -PRON- PRP 12456 670 33 was be VBD 12456 670 34 gone go VBN 12456 670 35 forth forth RB 12456 670 36 from from IN 12456 670 37 thence thence NN 12456 670 38 ; ; : 12456 670 39 and and CC 12456 670 40 when when WRB 12456 670 41 he -PRON- PRP 12456 670 42 was be VBD 12456 670 43 chosen choose VBN 12456 670 44 bishop bishop NN 12456 670 45 of of IN 12456 670 46 Toulouse Toulouse NNP 12456 670 47 such such PDT 12456 670 48 a a DT 12456 670 49 fire fire NN 12456 670 50 was be VBD 12456 670 51 spread spread VBN 12456 670 52 throughout throughout IN 12456 670 53 the the DT 12456 670 54 land land NN 12456 670 55 that that WDT 12456 670 56 never never RB 12456 670 57 for for IN 12456 670 58 any any DT 12456 670 59 water water NN 12456 670 60 will will MD 12456 670 61 it -PRON- PRP 12456 670 62 be be VB 12456 670 63 quenched quench VBN 12456 670 64 ; ; : 12456 670 65 for for IN 12456 670 66 there there RB 12456 670 67 did do VBD 12456 670 68 he -PRON- PRP 12456 670 69 bring bring VB 12456 670 70 destruction destruction NN 12456 670 71 of of IN 12456 670 72 life life NN 12456 670 73 and and CC 12456 670 74 body body NN 12456 670 75 and and CC 12456 670 76 soul soul NN 12456 670 77 upon upon IN 12456 670 78 more more JJR 12456 670 79 [ [ -LRB- 12456 670 80 82 82 CD 12456 670 81 ] ] -RRB- 12456 670 82 than than IN 12456 670 83 fifteen fifteen CD 12456 670 84 hundred hundred CD 12456 670 85 of of IN 12456 670 86 high high JJ 12456 670 87 and and CC 12456 670 88 low low JJ 12456 670 89 . . . 12456 671 1 By by IN 12456 671 2 the the DT 12456 671 3 faith faith NN 12456 671 4 which which WDT 12456 671 5 I -PRON- PRP 12456 671 6 owe owe VBP 12456 671 7 to to IN 12456 671 8 you -PRON- PRP 12456 671 9 , , , 12456 671 10 by by IN 12456 671 11 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 671 12 deeds deed NNS 12456 671 13 and and CC 12456 671 14 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 671 15 words word NNS 12456 671 16 and and CC 12456 671 17 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 671 18 dealings dealing NNS 12456 671 19 , , , 12456 671 20 more more RBR 12456 671 21 like like UH 12456 671 22 is be VBZ 12456 671 23 he -PRON- PRP 12456 671 24 to to IN 12456 671 25 Anti Anti NNP 12456 671 26 - - NNP 12456 671 27 Christ Christ NNP 12456 671 28 than than IN 12456 671 29 to to IN 12456 671 30 an an DT 12456 671 31 envoy envoy NN 12456 671 32 of of IN 12456 671 33 Rome Rome NNP 12456 671 34 . . . 12456 671 35 " " '' 12456 672 1 ( ( -LRB- 12456 672 2 _ _ NNP 12456 672 3 Chanson Chanson NNP 12456 672 4 de de NNP 12456 672 5 la la NNP 12456 672 6 croisade croisade NNP 12456 672 7 contre contre NNP 12456 672 8 les les NNP 12456 672 9 Albigeois Albigeois NNP 12456 672 10 _ _ NNP 12456 672 11 , , , 12456 672 12 v. v. IN 12456 673 1 3309 3309 CD 12456 673 2 . . . 12456 673 3 ) ) -RRB- 12456 674 1 Folquet folquet NN 12456 674 2 died die VBD 12456 674 3 on on IN 12456 674 4 December December NNP 12456 674 5 25 25 CD 12456 674 6 , , , 12456 674 7 1231 1231 CD 12456 674 8 , , , 12456 674 9 and and CC 12456 674 10 was be VBD 12456 674 11 buried bury VBN 12456 674 12 at at IN 12456 674 13 the the DT 12456 674 14 Cistercian cistercian JJ 12456 674 15 Abbey Abbey NNP 12456 674 16 of of IN 12456 674 17 Grandselve Grandselve NNP 12456 674 18 , , , 12456 674 19 some some DT 12456 674 20 thirty thirty CD 12456 674 21 miles mile NNS 12456 674 22 north north NN 12456 674 23 - - HYPH 12456 674 24 west west NN 12456 674 25 of of IN 12456 674 26 Toulouse Toulouse NNP 12456 674 27 . . . 12456 675 1 Such such JJ 12456 675 2 troubadours troubadour NNS 12456 675 3 as as IN 12456 675 4 Guilhem Guilhem NNP 12456 675 5 Figueira Figueira NNP 12456 675 6 and and CC 12456 675 7 Peire Peire NNP 12456 675 8 Cardenal Cardenal NNP 12456 675 9 , , , 12456 675 10 who who WP 12456 675 11 inveighed inveigh VBD 12456 675 12 against against IN 12456 675 13 the the DT 12456 675 14 action action NN 12456 675 15 of of IN 12456 675 16 the the DT 12456 675 17 Church Church NNP 12456 675 18 during during IN 12456 675 19 the the DT 12456 675 20 crusade crusade NN 12456 675 21 , , , 12456 675 22 say say VBP 12456 675 23 nothing nothing NN 12456 675 24 of of IN 12456 675 25 him -PRON- PRP 12456 675 26 , , , 12456 675 27 and and CC 12456 675 28 upon upon IN 12456 675 29 their -PRON- PRP$ 12456 675 30 silence silence NN 12456 675 31 and and CC 12456 675 32 that that DT 12456 675 33 of of IN 12456 675 34 the the DT 12456 675 35 biography biography NN 12456 675 36 as as IN 12456 675 37 regards regard VBZ 12456 675 38 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 675 39 ecclesiastical ecclesiastical JJ 12456 675 40 life life NN 12456 675 41 the the DT 12456 675 42 argument argument NN 12456 675 43 has have VBZ 12456 675 44 been be VBN 12456 675 45 founded found VBN 12456 675 46 that that IN 12456 675 47 Folquet Folquet NNP 12456 675 48 the the DT 12456 675 49 troubadour troubadour JJ 12456 675 50 and and CC 12456 675 51 Folquet folquet VB 12456 675 52 the the DT 12456 675 53 bishop bishop NN 12456 675 54 were be VBD 12456 675 55 two two CD 12456 675 56 different different JJ 12456 675 57 persons person NNS 12456 675 58 . . . 12456 676 1 There there EX 12456 676 2 is be VBZ 12456 676 3 no no DT 12456 676 4 evidence evidence NN 12456 676 5 to to TO 12456 676 6 support support VB 12456 676 7 this this DT 12456 676 8 theory theory NN 12456 676 9 . . . 12456 677 1 Folquet Folquet NNP 12456 677 2 's 's POS 12456 677 3 poems poem NNS 12456 677 4 enjoyed enjoy VBD 12456 677 5 a a DT 12456 677 6 high high JJ 12456 677 7 reputation reputation NN 12456 677 8 . . . 12456 678 1 The the DT 12456 678 2 minnesinger minnesinger NN 12456 678 3 , , , 12456 678 4 Rudolf Rudolf NNP 12456 678 5 , , , 12456 678 6 Count Count NNP 12456 678 7 of of IN 12456 678 8 Neuenberg Neuenberg NNP 12456 678 9 ( ( -LRB- 12456 678 10 end end NN 12456 678 11 of of IN 12456 678 12 the the DT 12456 678 13 twelfth twelfth JJ 12456 678 14 century century NN 12456 678 15 ) ) -RRB- 12456 678 16 imitated imitate VBD 12456 678 17 him -PRON- PRP 12456 678 18 , , , 12456 678 19 as as IN 12456 678 20 also also RB 12456 678 21 did do VBD 12456 678 22 the the DT 12456 678 23 Italians Italians NNPS 12456 678 24 Rinaldo Rinaldo NNP 12456 678 25 d'Aquino d'Aquino NNP 12456 678 26 and and CC 12456 678 27 Jacopo Jacopo NNP 12456 678 28 da da NNP 12456 678 29 Lentino Lentino NNP 12456 678 30 . . . 12456 679 1 The the DT 12456 679 2 troubadours troubadour NNS 12456 679 3 as as IN 12456 679 4 a a DT 12456 679 5 rule rule NN 12456 679 6 stood stand VBD 12456 679 7 aloof aloof JJ 12456 679 8 from from IN 12456 679 9 the the DT 12456 679 10 religious religious JJ 12456 679 11 quarrels quarrel NNS 12456 679 12 of of IN 12456 679 13 the the DT 12456 679 14 age age NN 12456 679 15 . . . 12456 680 1 But but CC 12456 680 2 few few JJ 12456 680 3 seem seem VBP 12456 680 4 to to TO 12456 680 5 have have VB 12456 680 6 joined join VBN 12456 680 7 the the DT 12456 680 8 crusaders crusader NNS 12456 680 9 , , , 12456 680 10 as as IN 12456 680 11 Perdigon Perdigon NNP 12456 680 12 did do VBD 12456 680 13 . . . 12456 681 1 Most Most JJS 12456 681 2 of of IN 12456 681 3 their -PRON- PRP$ 12456 681 4 patrons patron NNS 12456 681 5 were be VBD 12456 681 6 struggling struggle VBG 12456 681 7 for for IN 12456 681 8 their -PRON- PRP$ 12456 681 9 existence existence NN 12456 681 10 : : : 12456 681 11 when when WRB 12456 681 12 the the DT 12456 681 13 invaders invader NNS 12456 681 14 succeeded succeed VBD 12456 681 15 in in IN 12456 681 16 establishing establish VBG 12456 681 17 themselves -PRON- PRP 12456 681 18 , , , 12456 681 19 they -PRON- PRP 12456 681 20 had have VBD 12456 681 21 no no DT 12456 681 22 desire desire NN 12456 681 23 for for IN 12456 681 24 court court NN 12456 681 25 poetry poetry NN 12456 681 26 . . . 12456 682 1 The the DT 12456 682 2 troubadour troubadour NN 12456 682 3 's 's POS 12456 682 4 occupation occupation NN 12456 682 5 was be VBD 12456 682 6 gone go VBN 12456 682 7 , , , 12456 682 8 and and CC 12456 682 9 those those DT 12456 682 10 who who WP 12456 682 11 wished wish VBD 12456 682 12 for for IN 12456 682 13 an an DT 12456 682 14 audience audience NN 12456 682 15 were be VBD 12456 682 16 obliged oblige VBN 12456 682 17 to to TO 12456 682 18 seek seek VB 12456 682 19 beyond beyond IN 12456 682 20 the the DT 12456 682 21 borders border NNS 12456 682 22 of of IN 12456 682 23 France France NNP 12456 682 24 . . . 12456 683 1 Hence hence RB 12456 683 2 it -PRON- PRP 12456 683 3 [ [ -LRB- 12456 683 4 83 83 CD 12456 683 5 ] ] -RRB- 12456 683 6 is be VBZ 12456 683 7 somewhat somewhat RB 12456 683 8 remarkable remarkable JJ 12456 683 9 to to TO 12456 683 10 find find VB 12456 683 11 the the DT 12456 683 12 troubadour troubadour JJ 12456 683 13 Raimon Raimon NNP 12456 683 14 de de NNP 12456 683 15 Miraval Miraval NNP 12456 683 16 , , , 12456 683 17 of of IN 12456 683 18 Carcassonne Carcassonne NNP 12456 683 19 , , , 12456 683 20 continuing continue VBG 12456 683 21 to to TO 12456 683 22 sing sing VB 12456 683 23 , , , 12456 683 24 as as IN 12456 683 25 though though IN 12456 683 26 perfect perfect JJ 12456 683 27 tranquillity tranquillity NN 12456 683 28 prevailed prevail VBD 12456 683 29 . . . 12456 684 1 His -PRON- PRP$ 12456 684 2 wife wife NN 12456 684 3 , , , 12456 684 4 Gaudairenca Gaudairenca NNP 12456 684 5 , , , 12456 684 6 was be VBD 12456 684 7 a a DT 12456 684 8 poetess poetess NN 12456 684 9 , , , 12456 684 10 and and CC 12456 684 11 Paul Paul NNP 12456 684 12 Heyse Heyse NNP 12456 684 13 has have VBZ 12456 684 14 made make VBN 12456 684 15 her -PRON- PRP 12456 684 16 the the DT 12456 684 17 central central JJ 12456 684 18 figure figure NN 12456 684 19 of of IN 12456 684 20 one one CD 12456 684 21 of of IN 12456 684 22 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 684 23 charming charming JJ 12456 684 24 _ _ NNP 12456 684 25 Troubadour Troubadour NNP 12456 684 26 Novellen Novellen NNP 12456 684 27 _ _ NNP 12456 684 28 . . . 12456 685 1 Raimon Raimon NNP 12456 685 2 's 's POS 12456 685 3 poems poem NNS 12456 685 4 betray betray VBP 12456 685 5 no no DT 12456 685 6 forebodings foreboding NNS 12456 685 7 of of IN 12456 685 8 the the DT 12456 685 9 coming come VBG 12456 685 10 storm storm NN 12456 685 11 ; ; : 12456 685 12 when when WRB 12456 685 13 it -PRON- PRP 12456 685 14 broke break VBD 12456 685 15 , , , 12456 685 16 he -PRON- PRP 12456 685 17 lost lose VBD 12456 685 18 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 685 19 estate estate NN 12456 685 20 and and CC 12456 685 21 fled flee VBD 12456 685 22 to to IN 12456 685 23 Raimon Raimon NNP 12456 685 24 of of IN 12456 685 25 Toulouse Toulouse NNP 12456 685 26 for for IN 12456 685 27 shelter shelter NN 12456 685 28 . . . 12456 686 1 The the DT 12456 686 2 arrival arrival NN 12456 686 3 of of IN 12456 686 4 Pedro Pedro NNP 12456 686 5 II II NNP 12456 686 6 . . . 12456 687 1 of of IN 12456 687 2 Aragon Aragon NNP 12456 687 3 at at IN 12456 687 4 Toulouse Toulouse NNP 12456 687 5 in in IN 12456 687 6 1213 1213 CD 12456 687 7 and and CC 12456 687 8 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 687 9 alliance alliance NN 12456 687 10 with with IN 12456 687 11 the the DT 12456 687 12 Count Count NNP 12456 687 13 of of IN 12456 687 14 Toulouse Toulouse NNP 12456 687 15 cheered cheer VBD 12456 687 16 the the DT 12456 687 17 troubadour troubadour NN 12456 687 18 's 's POS 12456 687 19 spirits spirit NNS 12456 687 20 : : : 12456 687 21 he -PRON- PRP 12456 687 22 thought think VBD 12456 687 23 there there EX 12456 687 24 was be VBD 12456 687 25 a a DT 12456 687 26 chance chance NN 12456 687 27 that that IN 12456 687 28 he -PRON- PRP 12456 687 29 might may MD 12456 687 30 recover recover VB 12456 687 31 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 687 32 estate estate NN 12456 687 33 . . . 12456 688 1 He -PRON- PRP 12456 688 2 compliments compliment VBZ 12456 688 3 Pedro Pedro NNP 12456 688 4 on on IN 12456 688 5 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 688 6 determination determination NN 12456 688 7 in in IN 12456 688 8 one one CD 12456 688 9 poem poem NN 12456 688 10 and and CC 12456 688 11 in in IN 12456 688 12 another another DT 12456 688 13 tells tell VBZ 12456 688 14 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 688 15 lady lady NN 12456 688 16 , , , 12456 688 17 " " `` 12456 688 18 the the DT 12456 688 19 king king NN 12456 688 20 has have VBZ 12456 688 21 promised promise VBN 12456 688 22 me -PRON- PRP 12456 688 23 that that IN 12456 688 24 in in IN 12456 688 25 a a DT 12456 688 26 short short JJ 12456 688 27 time time NN 12456 688 28 , , , 12456 688 29 I -PRON- PRP 12456 688 30 shall shall MD 12456 688 31 have have VB 12456 688 32 Miraval Miraval NNP 12456 688 33 again again RB 12456 688 34 and and CC 12456 688 35 my -PRON- PRP$ 12456 688 36 Audiart Audiart NNP 12456 688 37 shall shall MD 12456 688 38 recover recover VB 12456 688 39 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 688 40 Beaucaire beaucaire NN 12456 688 41 ; ; : 12456 688 42 then then RB 12456 688 43 ladies lady NNS 12456 688 44 and and CC 12456 688 45 their -PRON- PRP$ 12456 688 46 lovers lover NNS 12456 688 47 will will MD 12456 688 48 regain regain VB 12456 688 49 their -PRON- PRP$ 12456 688 50 lost lose VBN 12456 688 51 delights delight NNS 12456 688 52 . . . 12456 688 53 " " '' 12456 689 1 Such such JJ 12456 689 2 was be VBD 12456 689 3 the the DT 12456 689 4 attitude attitude NN 12456 689 5 of of IN 12456 689 6 many many JJ 12456 689 7 troubadours troubadour NNS 12456 689 8 towards towards IN 12456 689 9 the the DT 12456 689 10 crusade crusade NN 12456 689 11 and and CC 12456 689 12 they -PRON- PRP 12456 689 13 seem seem VBP 12456 689 14 to to TO 12456 689 15 represent represent VB 12456 689 16 the the DT 12456 689 17 views view NNS 12456 689 18 of of IN 12456 689 19 a a DT 12456 689 20 certain certain JJ 12456 689 21 section section NN 12456 689 22 of of IN 12456 689 23 society society NN 12456 689 24 . . . 12456 690 1 There there EX 12456 690 2 is be VBZ 12456 690 3 no no DT 12456 690 4 trace trace NN 12456 690 5 on on IN 12456 690 6 this this DT 12456 690 7 side side NN 12456 690 8 of of IN 12456 690 9 any any DT 12456 690 10 sense sense NN 12456 690 11 of of IN 12456 690 12 patriotism patriotism NN 12456 690 13 ; ; : 12456 690 14 they -PRON- PRP 12456 690 15 hated hate VBD 12456 690 16 the the DT 12456 690 17 crusade crusade NN 12456 690 18 because because IN 12456 690 19 it -PRON- PRP 12456 690 20 destroyed destroy VBD 12456 690 21 the the DT 12456 690 22 comforts comfort NNS 12456 690 23 of of IN 12456 690 24 their -PRON- PRP$ 12456 690 25 happy happy JJ 12456 690 26 existence existence NN 12456 690 27 . . . 12456 691 1 But but CC 12456 691 2 the the DT 12456 691 3 South South NNP 12456 691 4 of of IN 12456 691 5 France France NNP 12456 691 6 had have VBD 12456 691 7 never never RB 12456 691 8 as as IN 12456 691 9 a a DT 12456 691 10 whole whole NN 12456 691 11 acquired acquire VBD 12456 691 12 any any DT 12456 691 13 real real JJ 12456 691 14 sense sense NN 12456 691 15 of of IN 12456 691 16 nationalism nationalism NN 12456 691 17 : : : 12456 691 18 there there EX 12456 691 19 was be VBD 12456 691 20 consequently consequently RB 12456 691 21 no no DT 12456 691 22 attempt attempt NN 12456 691 23 at at IN 12456 691 24 general general JJ 12456 691 25 or or CC 12456 691 26 organised organise VBN 12456 691 27 resistance resistance NN 12456 691 28 and and CC 12456 691 29 no no DT 12456 691 30 leader leader NN 12456 691 31 to to TO 12456 691 32 inspire inspire VB 12456 691 33 such such JJ 12456 691 34 [ [ -LRB- 12456 691 35 84 84 CD 12456 691 36 ] ] -RRB- 12456 691 37 attempts attempt NNS 12456 691 38 was be VBD 12456 691 39 forth forth RB 12456 691 40 - - HYPH 12456 691 41 coming come VBG 12456 691 42 . . . 12456 692 1 On on IN 12456 692 2 the the DT 12456 692 3 other other JJ 12456 692 4 hand hand NN 12456 692 5 , , , 12456 692 6 special special JJ 12456 692 7 districts district NNS 12456 692 8 such such JJ 12456 692 9 as as IN 12456 692 10 Toulouse Toulouse NNP 12456 692 11 , , , 12456 692 12 showed show VBD 12456 692 13 real real JJ 12456 692 14 courage courage NN 12456 692 15 and and CC 12456 692 16 devotion devotion NN 12456 692 17 . . . 12456 693 1 The the DT 12456 693 2 crusaders crusader NNS 12456 693 3 often often RB 12456 693 4 found find VBD 12456 693 5 much much JJ 12456 693 6 difficulty difficulty NN 12456 693 7 in in IN 12456 693 8 maintaining maintain VBG 12456 693 9 a a DT 12456 693 10 force force NN 12456 693 11 adequate adequate JJ 12456 693 12 to to TO 12456 693 13 conduct conduct VB 12456 693 14 their -PRON- PRP$ 12456 693 15 operations operation NNS 12456 693 16 after after IN 12456 693 17 the the DT 12456 693 18 first first JJ 12456 693 19 energy energy NN 12456 693 20 of of IN 12456 693 21 the the DT 12456 693 22 invasion invasion NN 12456 693 23 had have VBD 12456 693 24 spent spend VBN 12456 693 25 itself -PRON- PRP 12456 693 26 , , , 12456 693 27 and and CC 12456 693 28 had have VBD 12456 693 29 the the DT 12456 693 30 Count Count NNP 12456 693 31 of of IN 12456 693 32 Toulouse Toulouse NNP 12456 693 33 been be VBD 12456 693 34 an an DT 12456 693 35 energetic energetic JJ 12456 693 36 and and CC 12456 693 37 vigorous vigorous JJ 12456 693 38 character character NN 12456 693 39 , , , 12456 693 40 he -PRON- PRP 12456 693 41 might may MD 12456 693 42 have have VB 12456 693 43 been be VBN 12456 693 44 able able JJ 12456 693 45 to to TO 12456 693 46 reverse reverse VB 12456 693 47 the the DT 12456 693 48 ultimate ultimate JJ 12456 693 49 issue issue NN 12456 693 50 of of IN 12456 693 51 the the DT 12456 693 52 crusade crusade NN 12456 693 53 . . . 12456 694 1 But but CC 12456 694 2 , , , 12456 694 3 like like IN 12456 694 4 many many JJ 12456 694 5 other other JJ 12456 694 6 petty petty JJ 12456 694 7 lords lord NNS 12456 694 8 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 694 9 chief chief JJ 12456 694 10 desire desire NN 12456 694 11 was be VBD 12456 694 12 to to TO 12456 694 13 be be VB 12456 694 14 left leave VBN 12456 694 15 alone alone RB 12456 694 16 and and CC 12456 694 17 he -PRON- PRP 12456 694 18 was be VBD 12456 694 19 at at IN 12456 694 20 heart heart NN 12456 694 21 as as IN 12456 694 22 little little JJ 12456 694 23 interested interested JJ 12456 694 24 in in IN 12456 694 25 the the DT 12456 694 26 claims claim NNS 12456 694 27 of of IN 12456 694 28 Rome Rome NNP 12456 694 29 as as IN 12456 694 30 in in IN 12456 694 31 the the DT 12456 694 32 attractions attraction NNS 12456 694 33 of of IN 12456 694 34 heresy heresy NN 12456 694 35 . . . 12456 695 1 His -PRON- PRP$ 12456 695 2 townspeople townspeople NN 12456 695 3 thought think VBD 12456 695 4 otherwise otherwise RB 12456 695 5 and and CC 12456 695 6 the the DT 12456 695 7 latter latter JJ 12456 695 8 half half NN 12456 695 9 of of IN 12456 695 10 the the DT 12456 695 11 _ _ NNP 12456 695 12 Chanson Chanson NNP 12456 695 13 de de NNP 12456 695 14 la la NNP 12456 695 15 Croisade Croisade NNP 12456 695 16 _ _ NNP 12456 695 17 reflects reflect VBZ 12456 695 18 their -PRON- PRP$ 12456 695 19 hopes hope NNS 12456 695 20 and and CC 12456 695 21 fears fear NNS 12456 695 22 and and CC 12456 695 23 describes describe VBZ 12456 695 24 their -PRON- PRP$ 12456 695 25 struggles struggle NNS 12456 695 26 with with IN 12456 695 27 a a DT 12456 695 28 sympathy sympathy NN 12456 695 29 that that WDT 12456 695 30 often often RB 12456 695 31 reaches reach VBZ 12456 695 32 the the DT 12456 695 33 height height NN 12456 695 34 of of IN 12456 695 35 epic epic NNP 12456 695 36 splendour splendour NNP 12456 695 37 . . . 12456 696 1 Similarly similarly RB 12456 696 2 , , , 12456 696 3 certain certain JJ 12456 696 4 troubadours troubadour NNS 12456 696 5 were be VBD 12456 696 6 by by IN 12456 696 7 no no DT 12456 696 8 means mean NNS 12456 696 9 absorbed absorb VBN 12456 696 10 in in IN 12456 696 11 the the DT 12456 696 12 practice practice NN 12456 696 13 of of IN 12456 696 14 their -PRON- PRP$ 12456 696 15 art art NN 12456 696 16 or or CC 12456 696 17 the the DT 12456 696 18 pursuit pursuit NN 12456 696 19 of of IN 12456 696 20 their -PRON- PRP$ 12456 696 21 intrigues intrigue NNS 12456 696 22 . . . 12456 697 1 Bernard Bernard NNP 12456 697 2 Sicart Sicart NNP 12456 697 3 de de NNP 12456 697 4 Marvejols Marvejols NNP 12456 697 5 has have VBZ 12456 697 6 left leave VBN 12456 697 7 us -PRON- PRP 12456 697 8 a a DT 12456 697 9 vigorous vigorous JJ 12456 697 10 satire satire NN 12456 697 11 against against IN 12456 697 12 the the DT 12456 697 13 crusaders crusader NNS 12456 697 14 who who WP 12456 697 15 came come VBD 12456 697 16 for for IN 12456 697 17 plunder plunder NN 12456 697 18 , , , 12456 697 19 and and CC 12456 697 20 the the DT 12456 697 21 clergy clergy NNS 12456 697 22 who who WP 12456 697 23 drove drive VBD 12456 697 24 them -PRON- PRP 12456 697 25 on on RP 12456 697 26 . . . 12456 698 1 The the DT 12456 698 2 greatest great JJS 12456 698 3 poet poet NN 12456 698 4 of of IN 12456 698 5 this this DT 12456 698 6 calamitous calamitous JJ 12456 698 7 time time NN 12456 698 8 is be VBZ 12456 698 9 Peire Peire NNP 12456 698 10 Cardenal Cardenal NNP 12456 698 11 . . . 12456 699 1 His -PRON- PRP$ 12456 699 2 work work NN 12456 699 3 falls fall VBZ 12456 699 4 within within IN 12456 699 5 the the DT 12456 699 6 years year NNS 12456 699 7 1210 1210 CD 12456 699 8 and and CC 12456 699 9 1230 1230 CD 12456 699 10 . . . 12456 700 1 The the DT 12456 700 2 short short JJ 12456 700 3 notice notice NN 12456 700 4 that that IN 12456 700 5 we -PRON- PRP 12456 700 6 have have VBP 12456 700 7 of of IN 12456 700 8 him -PRON- PRP 12456 700 9 says say VBZ 12456 700 10 that that IN 12456 700 11 he -PRON- PRP 12456 700 12 belonged belong VBD 12456 700 13 to to IN 12456 700 14 Puy Puy NNP 12456 700 15 Notre Notre NNP 12456 700 16 Dame Dame NNP 12456 700 17 in in IN 12456 700 18 Velay Velay NNP 12456 700 19 , , , 12456 700 20 that that IN 12456 700 21 he -PRON- PRP 12456 700 22 was be VBD 12456 700 23 the the DT 12456 700 24 son son NN 12456 700 25 of of IN 12456 700 26 a a DT 12456 700 27 noble noble JJ 12456 700 28 and and CC 12456 700 29 was be VBD 12456 700 30 intended intend VBN 12456 700 31 for for IN 12456 700 32 an an DT 12456 700 33 ecclesiastical ecclesiastical JJ 12456 700 34 career career NN 12456 700 35 : : : 12456 700 36 when when WRB 12456 700 37 he -PRON- PRP 12456 700 38 was be VBD 12456 700 39 of of IN 12456 700 40 age age NN 12456 700 41 , , , 12456 700 42 he -PRON- PRP 12456 700 43 was be VBD 12456 700 44 attracted attract VBN 12456 700 45 by by IN 12456 700 46 the the DT 12456 700 47 pleasures pleasure NNS 12456 700 48 of of IN 12456 700 49 the the DT 12456 700 50 world world NN 12456 700 51 , , , 12456 700 52 became become VBD 12456 700 53 a a DT 12456 700 54 troubadour troubadour JJ 12456 700 55 and and CC 12456 700 56 [ [ -LRB- 12456 700 57 85 85 CD 12456 700 58 ] ] -RRB- 12456 700 59 went go VBD 12456 700 60 from from IN 12456 700 61 court court NN 12456 700 62 to to IN 12456 700 63 court court NN 12456 700 64 , , , 12456 700 65 accompanied accompany VBN 12456 700 66 by by IN 12456 700 67 a a DT 12456 700 68 _ _ NNP 12456 700 69 joglar joglar NNP 12456 700 70 _ _ NNP 12456 700 71 : : : 12456 700 72 he -PRON- PRP 12456 700 73 was be VBD 12456 700 74 especially especially RB 12456 700 75 favoured favour VBN 12456 700 76 by by IN 12456 700 77 King King NNP 12456 700 78 Jaime Jaime NNP 12456 700 79 I. I. NNP 12456 700 80 of of IN 12456 700 81 Aragon Aragon NNP 12456 700 82 and and CC 12456 700 83 died die VBD 12456 700 84 at at IN 12456 700 85 the the DT 12456 700 86 age age NN 12456 700 87 of of IN 12456 700 88 nearly nearly RB 12456 700 89 a a DT 12456 700 90 hundred hundred CD 12456 700 91 years year NNS 12456 700 92 . . . 12456 701 1 He -PRON- PRP 12456 701 2 was be VBD 12456 701 3 no no DT 12456 701 4 singer singer NN 12456 701 5 of of IN 12456 701 6 love love NN 12456 701 7 and and CC 12456 701 8 the the DT 12456 701 9 three three CD 12456 701 10 of of IN 12456 701 11 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 701 12 _ _ NNP 12456 701 13 chansos chansos NN 12456 701 14 _ _ NNP 12456 701 15 that that WDT 12456 701 16 remain remain NN 12456 701 17 are be VBP 12456 701 18 inspired inspire VBN 12456 701 19 by by IN 12456 701 20 the the DT 12456 701 21 misogyny misogyny NNP 12456 701 22 that that WDT 12456 701 23 we -PRON- PRP 12456 701 24 have have VBP 12456 701 25 noted note VBN 12456 701 26 in in IN 12456 701 27 the the DT 12456 701 28 case case NN 12456 701 29 of of IN 12456 701 30 Marcabrun Marcabrun NNP 12456 701 31 . . . 12456 702 1 Peire Peire NNP 12456 702 2 Cardenal Cardenal NNP 12456 702 3 's 's POS 12456 702 4 strength strength NN 12456 702 5 lay lie VBD 12456 702 6 in in IN 12456 702 7 the the DT 12456 702 8 moral moral JJ 12456 702 9 _ _ NNP 12456 702 10 sirventes sirventes NNPS 12456 702 11 _ _ NNP 12456 702 12 : : : 12456 702 13 he -PRON- PRP 12456 702 14 was be VBD 12456 702 15 a a DT 12456 702 16 fiery fiery JJ 12456 702 17 soul soul NN 12456 702 18 , , , 12456 702 19 aroused arouse VBD 12456 702 20 to to TO 12456 702 21 wrath wrath VB 12456 702 22 by by IN 12456 702 23 the the DT 12456 702 24 sight sight NN 12456 702 25 of of IN 12456 702 26 injustice injustice NN 12456 702 27 and and CC 12456 702 28 immorality immorality NN 12456 702 29 and and CC 12456 702 30 the the DT 12456 702 31 special special JJ 12456 702 32 objects object NNS 12456 702 33 of of IN 12456 702 34 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 702 35 animosity animosity NN 12456 702 36 are be VBP 12456 702 37 the the DT 12456 702 38 Roman roman JJ 12456 702 39 Catholic catholic JJ 12456 702 40 clergy clergy NNS 12456 702 41 and and CC 12456 702 42 the the DT 12456 702 43 high high JJ 12456 702 44 nobles noble NNS 12456 702 45 . . . 12456 703 1 " " `` 12456 703 2 The the DT 12456 703 3 clergy clergy NN 12456 703 4 call call VBP 12456 703 5 themselves -PRON- PRP 12456 703 6 shepherds shepherd NNS 12456 703 7 and and CC 12456 703 8 are be VBP 12456 703 9 murderers murderer NNS 12456 703 10 under under IN 12456 703 11 a a DT 12456 703 12 show show NN 12456 703 13 of of IN 12456 703 14 saintliness saintliness NN 12456 703 15 : : : 12456 703 16 when when WRB 12456 703 17 I -PRON- PRP 12456 703 18 look look VBP 12456 703 19 upon upon IN 12456 703 20 their -PRON- PRP$ 12456 703 21 dress dress NN 12456 703 22 I -PRON- PRP 12456 703 23 remember remember VBP 12456 703 24 Isengrin Isengrin NNP 12456 703 25 ( ( -LRB- 12456 703 26 the the DT 12456 703 27 wolf wolf NN 12456 703 28 in in IN 12456 703 29 the the DT 12456 703 30 romance romance NN 12456 703 31 of of IN 12456 703 32 Reynard Reynard NNP 12456 703 33 , , , 12456 703 34 the the DT 12456 703 35 Fox Fox NNP 12456 703 36 ) ) -RRB- 12456 703 37 who who WP 12456 703 38 wished wish VBD 12456 703 39 one one CD 12456 703 40 day day NN 12456 703 41 to to TO 12456 703 42 break break VB 12456 703 43 into into IN 12456 703 44 the the DT 12456 703 45 sheep sheep NN 12456 703 46 - - HYPH 12456 703 47 fold fold RB 12456 703 48 : : : 12456 703 49 but but CC 12456 703 50 for for IN 12456 703 51 fear fear NN 12456 703 52 of of IN 12456 703 53 the the DT 12456 703 54 dogs dog NNS 12456 703 55 he -PRON- PRP 12456 703 56 dressed dress VBD 12456 703 57 himself -PRON- PRP 12456 703 58 in in IN 12456 703 59 a a DT 12456 703 60 sheepskin sheepskin NN 12456 703 61 and and CC 12456 703 62 then then RB 12456 703 63 devoured devour VBD 12456 703 64 as as RB 12456 703 65 many many JJ 12456 703 66 as as IN 12456 703 67 he -PRON- PRP 12456 703 68 would would MD 12456 703 69 . . . 12456 704 1 Kings king NNS 12456 704 2 and and CC 12456 704 3 emperors emperor NNS 12456 704 4 , , , 12456 704 5 dukes duke NNS 12456 704 6 , , , 12456 704 7 counts count NNS 12456 704 8 and and CC 12456 704 9 knights knight NNS 12456 704 10 used use VBN 12456 704 11 to to TO 12456 704 12 rule rule VB 12456 704 13 the the DT 12456 704 14 world world NN 12456 704 15 ; ; : 12456 704 16 now now RB 12456 704 17 the the DT 12456 704 18 priests priest NNS 12456 704 19 have have VBP 12456 704 20 the the DT 12456 704 21 power power NN 12456 704 22 which which WDT 12456 704 23 they -PRON- PRP 12456 704 24 have have VBP 12456 704 25 gained gain VBN 12456 704 26 by by IN 12456 704 27 robbery robbery NN 12456 704 28 and and CC 12456 704 29 treachery treachery NN 12456 704 30 , , , 12456 704 31 by by IN 12456 704 32 hypocrisy hypocrisy NN 12456 704 33 , , , 12456 704 34 force force NN 12456 704 35 and and CC 12456 704 36 preaching preaching NN 12456 704 37 . . . 12456 704 38 " " '' 12456 705 1 " " `` 12456 705 2 Eagles eagle NNS 12456 705 3 and and CC 12456 705 4 vultures vulture NNS 12456 705 5 smell smell VBP 12456 705 6 not not RB 12456 705 7 the the DT 12456 705 8 carrion carrion NN 12456 705 9 so so RB 12456 705 10 readily readily RB 12456 705 11 as as IN 12456 705 12 priests priest NNS 12456 705 13 and and CC 12456 705 14 preachers preacher NNS 12456 705 15 smell smell VBP 12456 705 16 out out RP 12456 705 17 the the DT 12456 705 18 rich rich JJ 12456 705 19 : : : 12456 705 20 a a DT 12456 705 21 rich rich JJ 12456 705 22 man man NN 12456 705 23 is be VBZ 12456 705 24 their -PRON- PRP$ 12456 705 25 friend friend NN 12456 705 26 and and CC 12456 705 27 should should MD 12456 705 28 a a DT 12456 705 29 sickness sickness NN 12456 705 30 strike strike VB 12456 705 31 him -PRON- PRP 12456 705 32 down down RP 12456 705 33 , , , 12456 705 34 he -PRON- PRP 12456 705 35 must must MD 12456 705 36 make make VB 12456 705 37 them -PRON- PRP 12456 705 38 presents present NNS 12456 705 39 to to IN 12456 705 40 the the DT 12456 705 41 loss loss NN 12456 705 42 of of IN 12456 705 43 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 705 44 relations relation NNS 12456 705 45 . . . 12456 706 1 Frenchmen frenchman NNS 12456 706 2 and and CC 12456 706 3 priests priest NNS 12456 706 4 are be VBP 12456 706 5 reputed repute VBN 12456 706 6 bad bad JJ 12456 706 7 and and CC 12456 706 8 rightly rightly RB 12456 706 9 so so RB 12456 706 10 : : : 12456 706 11 usurers usurer NNS 12456 706 12 [ [ -LRB- 12456 706 13 86 86 CD 12456 706 14 ] ] -RRB- 12456 706 15 and and CC 12456 706 16 traitors traitor NNS 12456 706 17 possess possess VBP 12456 706 18 the the DT 12456 706 19 whole whole JJ 12456 706 20 world world NN 12456 706 21 , , , 12456 706 22 for for IN 12456 706 23 with with IN 12456 706 24 deceit deceit NN 12456 706 25 have have VBP 12456 706 26 they -PRON- PRP 12456 706 27 so so RB 12456 706 28 confounded confound VBD 12456 706 29 the the DT 12456 706 30 world world NN 12456 706 31 that that IN 12456 706 32 there there EX 12456 706 33 is be VBZ 12456 706 34 no no DT 12456 706 35 class class NN 12456 706 36 to to TO 12456 706 37 whom whom WP 12456 706 38 their -PRON- PRP$ 12456 706 39 doctrine doctrine NN 12456 706 40 is be VBZ 12456 706 41 unknown unknown JJ 12456 706 42 . . . 12456 706 43 " " '' 12456 707 1 Peire peire NN 12456 707 2 inveighs inveigh VBZ 12456 707 3 against against IN 12456 707 4 the the DT 12456 707 5 disgraces disgrace NNS 12456 707 6 of of IN 12456 707 7 particular particular JJ 12456 707 8 orders order NNS 12456 707 9 ; ; : 12456 707 10 the the DT 12456 707 11 Preaching Preaching NNP 12456 707 12 Friars Friars NNPS 12456 707 13 or or CC 12456 707 14 Jacobin Jacobin NNP 12456 707 15 monks monk NNS 12456 707 16 who who WP 12456 707 17 discuss discuss VBP 12456 707 18 the the DT 12456 707 19 relative relative JJ 12456 707 20 merits merit NNS 12456 707 21 of of IN 12456 707 22 special special JJ 12456 707 23 wines wine NNS 12456 707 24 after after IN 12456 707 25 their -PRON- PRP$ 12456 707 26 feasts feast NNS 12456 707 27 , , , 12456 707 28 whose whose WP$ 12456 707 29 lives life NNS 12456 707 30 are be VBP 12456 707 31 spent spend VBN 12456 707 32 in in IN 12456 707 33 disputes dispute NNS 12456 707 34 and and CC 12456 707 35 who who WP 12456 707 36 declare declare VBP 12456 707 37 all all DT 12456 707 38 who who WP 12456 707 39 differ differ VBP 12456 707 40 from from IN 12456 707 41 them -PRON- PRP 12456 707 42 to to TO 12456 707 43 be be VB 12456 707 44 Vaudois Vaudois NNP 12456 707 45 heretics heretic NNS 12456 707 46 , , , 12456 707 47 who who WP 12456 707 48 worm worm VBP 12456 707 49 men man NNS 12456 707 50 's 's POS 12456 707 51 private private JJ 12456 707 52 affairs affair NNS 12456 707 53 out out IN 12456 707 54 of of IN 12456 707 55 them -PRON- PRP 12456 707 56 , , , 12456 707 57 that that IN 12456 707 58 they -PRON- PRP 12456 707 59 may may MD 12456 707 60 make make VB 12456 707 61 themselves -PRON- PRP 12456 707 62 feared fear VBN 12456 707 63 : : : 12456 707 64 some some DT 12456 707 65 of of IN 12456 707 66 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 707 67 charges charge NNS 12456 707 68 against against IN 12456 707 69 the the DT 12456 707 70 monastic monastic JJ 12456 707 71 orders order NNS 12456 707 72 are be VBP 12456 707 73 quite quite RB 12456 707 74 unprintable unprintable JJ 12456 707 75 . . . 12456 708 1 No no RB 12456 708 2 less less RBR 12456 708 3 vigorous vigorous JJ 12456 708 4 are be VBP 12456 708 5 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 708 6 invectives invective NNS 12456 708 7 against against IN 12456 708 8 the the DT 12456 708 9 rich rich JJ 12456 708 10 and and CC 12456 708 11 the the DT 12456 708 12 social social JJ 12456 708 13 evils evil NNS 12456 708 14 of of IN 12456 708 15 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 708 16 time time NN 12456 708 17 . . . 12456 709 1 The the DT 12456 709 2 tone tone NN 12456 709 3 of of IN 12456 709 4 regret regret NN 12456 709 5 that that WDT 12456 709 6 underlies underlie VBZ 12456 709 7 Guiraut Guiraut NNP 12456 709 8 de de FW 12456 709 9 Bornelh Bornelh NNP 12456 709 10 's 's POS 12456 709 11 satires satire NNS 12456 709 12 in in IN 12456 709 13 this this DT 12456 709 14 theme theme NN 12456 709 15 is be VBZ 12456 709 16 replaced replace VBN 12456 709 17 in in IN 12456 709 18 Peire Peire NNP 12456 709 19 Cardenal Cardenal NNP 12456 709 20 's 's POS 12456 709 21 _ _ NNP 12456 709 22 sirventes sirvente NNS 12456 709 23 _ _ NNP 12456 709 24 by by IN 12456 709 25 a a DT 12456 709 26 burning burn VBG 12456 709 27 sense sense NN 12456 709 28 of of IN 12456 709 29 injustice injustice NN 12456 709 30 . . . 12456 710 1 Covetousness Covetousness NNP 12456 710 2 , , , 12456 710 3 the the DT 12456 710 4 love love NN 12456 710 5 of of IN 12456 710 6 pleasure pleasure NN 12456 710 7 , , , 12456 710 8 injustice injustice NN 12456 710 9 to to IN 12456 710 10 the the DT 12456 710 11 poor poor JJ 12456 710 12 , , , 12456 710 13 treachery treachery NN 12456 710 14 and and CC 12456 710 15 deceit deceit NN 12456 710 16 and and CC 12456 710 17 moral moral JJ 12456 710 18 laxity laxity NN 12456 710 19 are be VBP 12456 710 20 among among IN 12456 710 21 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 710 22 favourite favourite JJ 12456 710 23 themes theme NNS 12456 710 24 . . . 12456 711 1 " " `` 12456 711 2 He -PRON- PRP 12456 711 3 who who WP 12456 711 4 abhors abhor VBZ 12456 711 5 truth truth NN 12456 711 6 and and CC 12456 711 7 hates hate VBZ 12456 711 8 the the DT 12456 711 9 right right NN 12456 711 10 , , , 12456 711 11 careers career NNS 12456 711 12 to to IN 12456 711 13 hell hell NNP 12456 711 14 and and CC 12456 711 15 directs direct VBZ 12456 711 16 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 711 17 course course NN 12456 711 18 to to IN 12456 711 19 the the DT 12456 711 20 abyss abyss NN 12456 711 21 : : : 12456 711 22 for for IN 12456 711 23 many many PDT 12456 711 24 a a DT 12456 711 25 man man NN 12456 711 26 builds build VBZ 12456 711 27 walls wall NNS 12456 711 28 and and CC 12456 711 29 palaces palace NNS 12456 711 30 with with IN 12456 711 31 the the DT 12456 711 32 goods good NNS 12456 711 33 of of IN 12456 711 34 others other NNS 12456 711 35 and and CC 12456 711 36 yet yet RB 12456 711 37 the the DT 12456 711 38 witless witless NN 12456 711 39 world world NN 12456 711 40 says say VBZ 12456 711 41 that that IN 12456 711 42 he -PRON- PRP 12456 711 43 is be VBZ 12456 711 44 on on IN 12456 711 45 the the DT 12456 711 46 right right JJ 12456 711 47 path path NN 12456 711 48 , , , 12456 711 49 because because IN 12456 711 50 he -PRON- PRP 12456 711 51 is be VBZ 12456 711 52 clever clever JJ 12456 711 53 and and CC 12456 711 54 prosperous prosperous JJ 12456 711 55 . . . 12456 712 1 As as IN 12456 712 2 silver silver NN 12456 712 3 is be VBZ 12456 712 4 refined refine VBN 12456 712 5 in in IN 12456 712 6 the the DT 12456 712 7 fire fire NN 12456 712 8 , , , 12456 712 9 so so RB 12456 712 10 the the DT 12456 712 11 patient patient JJ 12456 712 12 poor poor JJ 12456 712 13 are be VBP 12456 712 14 purified purify VBN 12456 712 15 under under IN 12456 712 16 grievous grievous JJ 12456 712 17 oppression oppression NN 12456 712 18 : : : 12456 712 19 and and CC 12456 712 20 with with IN 12456 712 21 what what WP 12456 712 22 splendour splendour NN 12456 712 23 the the DT 12456 712 24 shameless shameless JJ 12456 712 25 rich rich JJ 12456 712 26 man man NN 12456 712 27 may may MD 12456 712 28 feed feed VB 12456 712 29 and and CC 12456 712 30 clothe clothe VB 12456 712 31 himself -PRON- PRP 12456 712 32 , , , 12456 712 33 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 712 34 riches rich NNS 12456 712 35 bring bring VBP 12456 712 36 him -PRON- PRP 12456 712 37 nought nought NN 12456 712 38 but but CC 12456 712 39 pain pain NN 12456 712 40 , , , 12456 712 41 grief grief NN 12456 712 42 and and CC 12456 712 43 vexation vexation NN 12456 712 44 of of IN 12456 712 45 spirit spirit NN 12456 712 46 . . . 12456 713 1 But but CC 12456 713 2 that that DT 12456 713 3 affrights affright VBZ 12456 713 4 him -PRON- PRP 12456 713 5 [ [ -LRB- 12456 713 6 87 87 CD 12456 713 7 ] ] -RRB- 12456 713 8 not not RB 12456 713 9 : : : 12456 713 10 capons capon NNS 12456 713 11 and and CC 12456 713 12 game game NN 12456 713 13 , , , 12456 713 14 good good JJ 12456 713 15 wine wine NN 12456 713 16 and and CC 12456 713 17 the the DT 12456 713 18 dainties dainty NNS 12456 713 19 of of IN 12456 713 20 the the DT 12456 713 21 earth earth NN 12456 713 22 console console VBP 12456 713 23 him -PRON- PRP 12456 713 24 and and CC 12456 713 25 cheer cheer VB 12456 713 26 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 713 27 heart heart NN 12456 713 28 . . . 12456 714 1 Then then RB 12456 714 2 he -PRON- PRP 12456 714 3 prays pray VBZ 12456 714 4 to to IN 12456 714 5 God God NNP 12456 714 6 and and CC 12456 714 7 says say VBZ 12456 714 8 ' ' `` 12456 714 9 I -PRON- PRP 12456 714 10 am be VBP 12456 714 11 poor poor JJ 12456 714 12 and and CC 12456 714 13 in in IN 12456 714 14 misery misery NN 12456 714 15 . . . 12456 714 16 ' ' '' 12456 715 1 Were be VBD 12456 715 2 God God NNP 12456 715 3 to to TO 12456 715 4 answer answer VB 12456 715 5 him -PRON- PRP 12456 715 6 He -PRON- PRP 12456 715 7 would would MD 12456 715 8 say say VB 12456 715 9 , , , 12456 715 10 ' ' '' 12456 715 11 thou thou NNP 12456 715 12 liest liest NNP 12456 715 13 ! ! . 12456 715 14 ' ' '' 12456 715 15 " " '' 12456 716 1 To to TO 12456 716 2 illustrate illustrate VB 12456 716 3 the the DT 12456 716 4 degeneracy degeneracy NN 12456 716 5 of of IN 12456 716 6 the the DT 12456 716 7 age age NN 12456 716 8 , , , 12456 716 9 Peire Peire NNP 12456 716 10 relates relate VBZ 12456 716 11 a a DT 12456 716 12 fable fable JJ 12456 716 13 , , , 12456 716 14 perhaps perhaps RB 12456 716 15 the the DT 12456 716 16 only only JJ 12456 716 17 instance instance NN 12456 716 18 of of IN 12456 716 19 this this DT 12456 716 20 literary literary JJ 12456 716 21 form form NN 12456 716 22 among among IN 12456 716 23 the the DT 12456 716 24 troubadours troubadour NNS 12456 716 25 , , , 12456 716 26 upon upon IN 12456 716 27 the the DT 12456 716 28 theme theme NN 12456 716 29 that that IN 12456 716 30 if if IN 12456 716 31 all all PDT 12456 716 32 the the DT 12456 716 33 world world NN 12456 716 34 were be VBD 12456 716 35 mad mad JJ 12456 716 36 , , , 12456 716 37 the the DT 12456 716 38 one one CD 12456 716 39 sane sane JJ 12456 716 40 man man NN 12456 716 41 would would MD 12456 716 42 be be VB 12456 716 43 in in IN 12456 716 44 a a DT 12456 716 45 lunatic lunatic JJ 12456 716 46 asylum asylum NN 12456 716 47 : : : 12456 716 48 " " `` 12456 716 49 there there EX 12456 716 50 was be VBD 12456 716 51 a a DT 12456 716 52 certain certain JJ 12456 716 53 town town NN 12456 716 54 , , , 12456 716 55 I -PRON- PRP 12456 716 56 know know VBP 12456 716 57 not not RB 12456 716 58 where where WRB 12456 716 59 , , , 12456 716 60 upon upon IN 12456 716 61 which which WDT 12456 716 62 a a DT 12456 716 63 rain rain NN 12456 716 64 fell fall VBD 12456 716 65 of of IN 12456 716 66 such such PDT 12456 716 67 a a DT 12456 716 68 nature nature NN 12456 716 69 that that WDT 12456 716 70 all all PDT 12456 716 71 the the DT 12456 716 72 inhabitants inhabitant NNS 12456 716 73 upon upon IN 12456 716 74 whom whom WP 12456 716 75 it -PRON- PRP 12456 716 76 fell fall VBD 12456 716 77 , , , 12456 716 78 lost lose VBD 12456 716 79 their -PRON- PRP$ 12456 716 80 reason reason NN 12456 716 81 . . . 12456 717 1 All all DT 12456 717 2 lost lose VBD 12456 717 3 their -PRON- PRP$ 12456 717 4 reason reason NN 12456 717 5 except except IN 12456 717 6 one one CD 12456 717 7 , , , 12456 717 8 who who WP 12456 717 9 escaped escape VBD 12456 717 10 because because IN 12456 717 11 he -PRON- PRP 12456 717 12 was be VBD 12456 717 13 asleep asleep JJ 12456 717 14 in in IN 12456 717 15 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 717 16 house house NN 12456 717 17 when when WRB 12456 717 18 the the DT 12456 717 19 rain rain NN 12456 717 20 came come VBD 12456 717 21 . . . 12456 718 1 When when WRB 12456 718 2 he -PRON- PRP 12456 718 3 awoke awake VBD 12456 718 4 , , , 12456 718 5 he -PRON- PRP 12456 718 6 rose rise VBD 12456 718 7 : : : 12456 718 8 the the DT 12456 718 9 rain rain NN 12456 718 10 had have VBD 12456 718 11 ceased cease VBN 12456 718 12 , , , 12456 718 13 and and CC 12456 718 14 he -PRON- PRP 12456 718 15 went go VBD 12456 718 16 out out RP 12456 718 17 among among IN 12456 718 18 the the DT 12456 718 19 people people NNS 12456 718 20 who who WP 12456 718 21 were be VBD 12456 718 22 all all DT 12456 718 23 committing commit VBG 12456 718 24 follies folly NNS 12456 718 25 . . . 12456 719 1 One one CD 12456 719 2 was be VBD 12456 719 3 clothed clothe VBN 12456 719 4 , , , 12456 719 5 another another DT 12456 719 6 naked naked JJ 12456 719 7 , , , 12456 719 8 another another DT 12456 719 9 was be VBD 12456 719 10 spitting spit VBG 12456 719 11 at at IN 12456 719 12 the the DT 12456 719 13 sky sky NN 12456 719 14 : : : 12456 719 15 some some DT 12456 719 16 were be VBD 12456 719 17 throwing throw VBG 12456 719 18 sticks stick NNS 12456 719 19 and and CC 12456 719 20 stones stone NNS 12456 719 21 , , , 12456 719 22 tearing tear VBG 12456 719 23 their -PRON- PRP$ 12456 719 24 coats coat NNS 12456 719 25 , , , 12456 719 26 striking strike VBG 12456 719 27 and and CC 12456 719 28 pushing push VBG 12456 719 29 ... ... NFP 12456 720 1 The the DT 12456 720 2 sane sane JJ 12456 720 3 man man NN 12456 720 4 was be VBD 12456 720 5 deeply deeply RB 12456 720 6 surprised surprised JJ 12456 720 7 and and CC 12456 720 8 saw see VBD 12456 720 9 that that IN 12456 720 10 they -PRON- PRP 12456 720 11 were be VBD 12456 720 12 mad mad JJ 12456 720 13 ; ; : 12456 720 14 nor nor CC 12456 720 15 could could MD 12456 720 16 he -PRON- PRP 12456 720 17 find find VB 12456 720 18 a a DT 12456 720 19 single single JJ 12456 720 20 man man NN 12456 720 21 in in IN 12456 720 22 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 720 23 senses sense NNS 12456 720 24 . . . 12456 721 1 Yet yet CC 12456 721 2 greater great JJR 12456 721 3 was be VBD 12456 721 4 their -PRON- PRP$ 12456 721 5 surprise surprise NN 12456 721 6 at at IN 12456 721 7 him -PRON- PRP 12456 721 8 , , , 12456 721 9 and and CC 12456 721 10 as as IN 12456 721 11 they -PRON- PRP 12456 721 12 saw see VBD 12456 721 13 that that IN 12456 721 14 he -PRON- PRP 12456 721 15 did do VBD 12456 721 16 not not RB 12456 721 17 follow follow VB 12456 721 18 their -PRON- PRP$ 12456 721 19 example example NN 12456 721 20 , , , 12456 721 21 they -PRON- PRP 12456 721 22 concluded conclude VBD 12456 721 23 that that IN 12456 721 24 he -PRON- PRP 12456 721 25 had have VBD 12456 721 26 lost lose VBN 12456 721 27 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 721 28 senses sense NNS 12456 721 29 .... .... . 12456 722 1 So so RB 12456 722 2 one one CD 12456 722 3 strikes strike VBZ 12456 722 4 him -PRON- PRP 12456 722 5 in in IN 12456 722 6 front front NN 12456 722 7 , , , 12456 722 8 another another DT 12456 722 9 behind behind RB 12456 722 10 ; ; : 12456 722 11 he -PRON- PRP 12456 722 12 is be VBZ 12456 722 13 dashed dash VBN 12456 722 14 to to IN 12456 722 15 the the DT 12456 722 16 ground ground NN 12456 722 17 and and CC 12456 722 18 trampled trample VBN 12456 722 19 under under IN 12456 722 20 foot foot NN 12456 722 21 ... ... NFP 12456 722 22 at at IN 12456 722 23 length length NN 12456 722 24 he -PRON- PRP 12456 722 25 flees flee VBZ 12456 722 26 to to IN 12456 722 27 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 722 28 house house NN 12456 722 29 covered cover VBN 12456 722 30 with with IN 12456 722 31 mud mud NN 12456 722 32 , , , 12456 722 33 bruised bruise VBN 12456 722 34 [ [ -LRB- 12456 722 35 88 88 CD 12456 722 36 ] ] -RRB- 12456 722 37 and and CC 12456 722 38 half half RB 12456 722 39 dead dead JJ 12456 722 40 and and CC 12456 722 41 thankful thankful JJ 12456 722 42 for for IN 12456 722 43 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 722 44 escape escape NN 12456 722 45 " " '' 12456 722 46 : : : 12456 722 47 The the DT 12456 722 48 mad mad JJ 12456 722 49 town town NN 12456 722 50 , , , 12456 722 51 says say VBZ 12456 722 52 Peire Peire NNP 12456 722 53 Cardenal Cardenal NNP 12456 722 54 , , , 12456 722 55 is be VBZ 12456 722 56 the the DT 12456 722 57 present present JJ 12456 722 58 world world NN 12456 722 59 : : : 12456 722 60 the the DT 12456 722 61 highest high JJS 12456 722 62 form form NN 12456 722 63 of of IN 12456 722 64 intelligence intelligence NN 12456 722 65 is be VBZ 12456 722 66 the the DT 12456 722 67 love love NN 12456 722 68 and and CC 12456 722 69 fear fear NN 12456 722 70 of of IN 12456 722 71 God God NNP 12456 722 72 , , , 12456 722 73 but but CC 12456 722 74 this this DT 12456 722 75 has have VBZ 12456 722 76 been be VBN 12456 722 77 replaced replace VBN 12456 722 78 by by IN 12456 722 79 greed greed NN 12456 722 80 , , , 12456 722 81 pride pride NN 12456 722 82 and and CC 12456 722 83 malice malice NN 12456 722 84 ; ; : 12456 722 85 consequently consequently RB 12456 722 86 the the DT 12456 722 87 " " `` 12456 722 88 sense sense NN 12456 722 89 of of IN 12456 722 90 God God NNP 12456 722 91 " " `` 12456 722 92 seems seem VBZ 12456 722 93 madness madness NN 12456 722 94 to to IN 12456 722 95 the the DT 12456 722 96 world world NN 12456 722 97 and and CC 12456 722 98 he -PRON- PRP 12456 722 99 who who WP 12456 722 100 refuses refuse VBZ 12456 722 101 to to TO 12456 722 102 follow follow VB 12456 722 103 the the DT 12456 722 104 " " `` 12456 722 105 sense sense NN 12456 722 106 of of IN 12456 722 107 the the DT 12456 722 108 world world NN 12456 722 109 " " '' 12456 722 110 is be VBZ 12456 722 111 treated treat VBN 12456 722 112 as as IN 12456 722 113 a a DT 12456 722 114 madman madman NN 12456 722 115 . . . 12456 723 1 Peire Peire NNP 12456 723 2 Cardenal Cardenal NNP 12456 723 3 is be VBZ 12456 723 4 thus thus RB 12456 723 5 by by IN 12456 723 6 temperament temperament NN 12456 723 7 a a DT 12456 723 8 moral moral JJ 12456 723 9 preacher preacher NN 12456 723 10 ; ; : 12456 723 11 he -PRON- PRP 12456 723 12 is be VBZ 12456 723 13 not not RB 12456 723 14 merely merely RB 12456 723 15 critical critical JJ 12456 723 16 of of IN 12456 723 17 errors error NNS 12456 723 18 , , , 12456 723 19 but but CC 12456 723 20 has have VBZ 12456 723 21 also also RB 12456 723 22 a a DT 12456 723 23 positive positive JJ 12456 723 24 faith faith NN 12456 723 25 to to TO 12456 723 26 propound propound VB 12456 723 27 . . . 12456 724 1 He -PRON- PRP 12456 724 2 is be VBZ 12456 724 3 not not RB 12456 724 4 an an DT 12456 724 5 opponent opponent NN 12456 724 6 of of IN 12456 724 7 the the DT 12456 724 8 papacy papacy NN 12456 724 9 as as IN 12456 724 10 an an DT 12456 724 11 institution institution NN 12456 724 12 : : : 12456 724 13 the the DT 12456 724 14 confession confession NN 12456 724 15 of of IN 12456 724 16 faith faith NN 12456 724 17 which which WDT 12456 724 18 he -PRON- PRP 12456 724 19 utters utter VBZ 12456 724 20 in in IN 12456 724 21 one one CD 12456 724 22 of of IN 12456 724 23 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 724 24 _ _ NNP 12456 724 25 sirventes sirvente NNS 12456 724 26 _ _ NNP 12456 724 27 shows show VBZ 12456 724 28 that that IN 12456 724 29 he -PRON- PRP 12456 724 30 would would MD 12456 724 31 have have VB 12456 724 32 been be VBN 12456 724 33 perfectly perfectly RB 12456 724 34 satisfied satisfied JJ 12456 724 35 with with IN 12456 724 36 the the DT 12456 724 37 Roman roman JJ 12456 724 38 ecclesiastical ecclesiastical JJ 12456 724 39 and and CC 12456 724 40 doctrinal doctrinal JJ 12456 724 41 system system NN 12456 724 42 , , , 12456 724 43 had have VBD 12456 724 44 it -PRON- PRP 12456 724 45 been be VBN 12456 724 46 properly properly RB 12456 724 47 worked work VBN 12456 724 48 . . . 12456 725 1 In in IN 12456 725 2 this this DT 12456 725 3 respect respect NN 12456 725 4 he -PRON- PRP 12456 725 5 differs differ VBZ 12456 725 6 from from IN 12456 725 7 a a DT 12456 725 8 contemporary contemporary JJ 12456 725 9 troubadour troubadour NN 12456 725 10 , , , 12456 725 11 Guillem Guillem NNP 12456 725 12 Figueira Figueira NNP 12456 725 13 , , , 12456 725 14 whose whose WP$ 12456 725 15 violent violent JJ 12456 725 16 satire satire NN 12456 725 17 against against IN 12456 725 18 Rome Rome NNP 12456 725 19 shows show VBZ 12456 725 20 him -PRON- PRP 12456 725 21 as as IN 12456 725 22 opposed oppose VBN 12456 725 23 to to IN 12456 725 24 the the DT 12456 725 25 whole whole JJ 12456 725 26 system system NN 12456 725 27 from from IN 12456 725 28 the the DT 12456 725 29 papacy papacy NN 12456 725 30 downwards downwards RB 12456 725 31 . . . 12456 726 1 He -PRON- PRP 12456 726 2 was be VBD 12456 726 3 a a DT 12456 726 4 native native NN 12456 726 5 of of IN 12456 726 6 Toulouse Toulouse NNP 12456 726 7 and and CC 12456 726 8 migrated migrate VBN 12456 726 9 to to IN 12456 726 10 Lombardy Lombardy NNP 12456 726 11 and and CC 12456 726 12 to to IN 12456 726 13 the the DT 12456 726 14 court court NN 12456 726 15 of of IN 12456 726 16 Frederick Frederick NNP 12456 726 17 II II NNP 12456 726 18 . . . 12456 727 1 when when WRB 12456 727 2 the the DT 12456 727 3 crusade crusade NN 12456 727 4 drove drive VBD 12456 727 5 him -PRON- PRP 12456 727 6 from from IN 12456 727 7 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 727 8 home home NN 12456 727 9 . . . 12456 728 1 " " `` 12456 728 2 I -PRON- PRP 12456 728 3 wonder wonder VBP 12456 728 4 not not RB 12456 728 5 , , , 12456 728 6 Rome Rome NNP 12456 728 7 , , , 12456 728 8 that that IN 12456 728 9 men man NNS 12456 728 10 go go VBP 12456 728 11 astray astray RB 12456 728 12 , , , 12456 728 13 for for IN 12456 728 14 thou thou NNP 12456 728 15 hast hast NNP 12456 728 16 cast cast VBD 12456 728 17 the the DT 12456 728 18 world world NN 12456 728 19 into into IN 12456 728 20 strife strife NN 12456 728 21 and and CC 12456 728 22 misery misery NN 12456 728 23 ; ; : 12456 728 24 virtue virtue NN 12456 728 25 and and CC 12456 728 26 good good JJ 12456 728 27 works work NNS 12456 728 28 die die VBP 12456 728 29 and and CC 12456 728 30 are be VBP 12456 728 31 buried bury VBN 12456 728 32 because because IN 12456 728 33 of of IN 12456 728 34 thee thee NN 12456 728 35 , , , 12456 728 36 treacherous treacherous JJ 12456 728 37 Rome Rome NNP 12456 728 38 , , , 12456 728 39 thou thou NNP 12456 728 40 guiding guide VBG 12456 728 41 - - HYPH 12456 728 42 star star NNP 12456 728 43 , , , 12456 728 44 thou thou NNP 12456 728 45 root root NNP 12456 728 46 and and CC 12456 728 47 branch branch NN 12456 728 48 of of IN 12456 728 49 all all DT 12456 728 50 iniquity iniquity NN 12456 728 51 ... ... : 12456 728 52 Greed Greed NNP 12456 728 53 blindeth blindeth NNP 12456 728 54 thy thy PRP$ 12456 728 55 eyes eye NNS 12456 728 56 , , , 12456 728 57 and and CC 12456 728 58 too too RB 12456 728 59 close close JJ 12456 728 60 dost dost NNP 12456 728 61 thou thou NNP 12456 728 62 shear shear NN 12456 728 63 thy thy NNP 12456 728 64 [ [ -LRB- 12456 728 65 89 89 CD 12456 728 66 ] ] -RRB- 12456 728 67 sheep sheep NN 12456 728 68 ... ... NFP 12456 728 69 thou thou NNP 12456 728 70 forgivest forgivest NNP 12456 728 71 sins sin NNS 12456 728 72 for for IN 12456 728 73 money money NN 12456 728 74 , , , 12456 728 75 thou thou NNP 12456 728 76 loadest loadest NNP 12456 728 77 thyself thyself PRP 12456 728 78 with with IN 12456 728 79 a a DT 12456 728 80 shameful shameful JJ 12456 728 81 burden burden NN 12456 728 82 . . . 12456 729 1 Rome Rome NNP 12456 729 2 , , , 12456 729 3 we -PRON- PRP 12456 729 4 know know VBP 12456 729 5 of of IN 12456 729 6 a a DT 12456 729 7 truth truth NN 12456 729 8 that that IN 12456 729 9 with with IN 12456 729 10 the the DT 12456 729 11 bait bait NN 12456 729 12 of of IN 12456 729 13 false false JJ 12456 729 14 forgiveness forgiveness NN 12456 729 15 , , , 12456 729 16 thou thou NNP 12456 729 17 hast hast NNP 12456 729 18 snared snare VBD 12456 729 19 in in IN 12456 729 20 misery misery NN 12456 729 21 the the DT 12456 729 22 nobility nobility NN 12456 729 23 of of IN 12456 729 24 France France NNP 12456 729 25 , , , 12456 729 26 the the DT 12456 729 27 people people NNS 12456 729 28 of of IN 12456 729 29 Paris Paris NNP 12456 729 30 and and CC 12456 729 31 the the DT 12456 729 32 noble noble JJ 12456 729 33 King King NNP 12456 729 34 Louis Louis NNP 12456 729 35 ( ( -LRB- 12456 729 36 VIII VIII NNP 12456 729 37 . . . 12456 729 38 , , , 12456 729 39 who who WP 12456 729 40 died die VBD 12456 729 41 in in IN 12456 729 42 the the DT 12456 729 43 course course NN 12456 729 44 of of IN 12456 729 45 the the DT 12456 729 46 Albigeois Albigeois NNP 12456 729 47 crusade crusade NN 12456 729 48 ) ) -RRB- 12456 729 49 ; ; : 12456 729 50 thou thou NNP 12456 729 51 didst didst NNS 12456 729 52 bring bring VBP 12456 729 53 him -PRON- PRP 12456 729 54 to to IN 12456 729 55 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 729 56 death death NN 12456 729 57 , , , 12456 729 58 for for IN 12456 729 59 thy thy PRP$ 12456 729 60 false false JJ 12456 729 61 preaching preaching NN 12456 729 62 enticed entice VBD 12456 729 63 him -PRON- PRP 12456 729 64 from from IN 12456 729 65 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 729 66 land land NN 12456 729 67 . . . 12456 730 1 Rome Rome NNP 12456 730 2 , , , 12456 730 3 thou thou NNP 12456 730 4 has have VBZ 12456 730 5 the the DT 12456 730 6 outward outward JJ 12456 730 7 semblance semblance NN 12456 730 8 of of IN 12456 730 9 a a DT 12456 730 10 lamb lamb NN 12456 730 11 , , , 12456 730 12 so so RB 12456 730 13 innocent innocent JJ 12456 730 14 is be VBZ 12456 730 15 thy thy PRP$ 12456 730 16 countenance countenance NN 12456 730 17 , , , 12456 730 18 but but CC 12456 730 19 within within IN 12456 730 20 thou thou NNP 12456 730 21 are be VBP 12456 730 22 a a DT 12456 730 23 ravening ravening NN 12456 730 24 wolf wolf NN 12456 730 25 , , , 12456 730 26 a a DT 12456 730 27 crowned crown VBN 12456 730 28 snake snake NN 12456 730 29 begotten begotten NN 12456 730 30 of of IN 12456 730 31 a a DT 12456 730 32 viper viper NN 12456 730 33 and and CC 12456 730 34 therefore therefore RB 12456 730 35 the the DT 12456 730 36 devil devil NNP 12456 730 37 greeteth greeteth NNP 12456 730 38 thee thee NNP 12456 730 39 as as IN 12456 730 40 the the DT 12456 730 41 friend friend NN 12456 730 42 of of IN 12456 730 43 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 730 44 bosom bosom NN 12456 730 45 . . . 12456 730 46 " " '' 12456 731 1 This this DT 12456 731 2 sirventes sirvente NNS 12456 731 3 was be VBD 12456 731 4 answered answer VBN 12456 731 5 by by IN 12456 731 6 a a DT 12456 731 7 _ _ NNP 12456 731 8 trobairitz trobairitz NN 12456 731 9 _ _ NNP 12456 731 10 , , , 12456 731 11 Germonde Germonde NNP 12456 731 12 of of IN 12456 731 13 Montpelier Montpelier NNP 12456 731 14 , , , 12456 731 15 but but CC 12456 731 16 her -PRON- PRP$ 12456 731 17 reply reply NN 12456 731 18 lacks lack VBZ 12456 731 19 the the DT 12456 731 20 vigour vigour NN 12456 731 21 and and CC 12456 731 22 eloquence eloquence NN 12456 731 23 of of IN 12456 731 24 the the DT 12456 731 25 attack attack NN 12456 731 26 . . . 12456 732 1 It -PRON- PRP 12456 732 2 is be VBZ 12456 732 3 not not RB 12456 732 4 to to TO 12456 732 5 be be VB 12456 732 6 supposed suppose VBN 12456 732 7 that that IN 12456 732 8 the the DT 12456 732 9 troubadours troubadour NNS 12456 732 10 turned turn VBD 12456 732 11 to to IN 12456 732 12 religious religious JJ 12456 732 13 poetry poetry NN 12456 732 14 simply simply RB 12456 732 15 because because IN 12456 732 16 the the DT 12456 732 17 Albigeois Albigeois NNP 12456 732 18 crusade crusade NN 12456 732 19 had have VBD 12456 732 20 raised raise VBN 12456 732 21 the the DT 12456 732 22 religious religious JJ 12456 732 23 question question NN 12456 732 24 . . . 12456 733 1 Purely purely RB 12456 733 2 devotional devotional NN 12456 733 3 poetry poetry NN 12456 733 4 is be VBZ 12456 733 5 found find VBN 12456 733 6 at at IN 12456 733 7 an an DT 12456 733 8 earlier early JJR 12456 733 9 period period NN 12456 733 10 . . . 12456 734 1 [ [ -LRB- 12456 734 2 29 29 CD 12456 734 3 ] ] -RRB- 12456 734 4 It -PRON- PRP 12456 734 5 appears appear VBZ 12456 734 6 at at IN 12456 734 7 first first RB 12456 734 8 only only RB 12456 734 9 sporadically sporadically RB 12456 734 10 , , , 12456 734 11 and and CC 12456 734 12 some some DT 12456 734 13 of of IN 12456 734 14 the the DT 12456 734 15 greatest great JJS 12456 734 16 troubadours troubadour NNS 12456 734 17 have have VBP 12456 734 18 left leave VBN 12456 734 19 no no DT 12456 734 20 religious religious JJ 12456 734 21 poems poem NNS 12456 734 22 that that WDT 12456 734 23 have have VBP 12456 734 24 reached reach VBN 12456 734 25 us -PRON- PRP 12456 734 26 . . . 12456 735 1 The the DT 12456 735 2 fact fact NN 12456 735 3 is be VBZ 12456 735 4 , , , 12456 735 5 that that IN 12456 735 6 the the DT 12456 735 7 nature nature NN 12456 735 8 of of IN 12456 735 9 troubadour troubadour JJ 12456 735 10 poetry poetry NN 12456 735 11 and and CC 12456 735 12 its -PRON- PRP$ 12456 735 13 homage homage NN 12456 735 14 to to IN 12456 735 15 the the DT 12456 735 16 married married JJ 12456 735 17 woman woman NN 12456 735 18 were be VBD 12456 735 19 incompatible incompatible JJ 12456 735 20 with with IN 12456 735 21 the the DT 12456 735 22 highest high JJS 12456 735 23 standard standard NN 12456 735 24 of of IN 12456 735 25 religious religious JJ 12456 735 26 devotion devotion NN 12456 735 27 . . . 12456 736 1 The the DT 12456 736 2 famous famous JJ 12456 736 3 _ _ NNP 12456 736 4 alba alba VBZ 12456 736 5 _ _ NNP 12456 736 6 of of IN 12456 736 7 Guiraut Guiraut NNP 12456 736 8 de de FW 12456 736 9 Bornelh Bornelh NNP 12456 736 10 invokes invoke VBZ 12456 736 11 the the DT 12456 736 12 " " `` 12456 736 13 glorious glorious JJ 12456 736 14 king king NN 12456 736 15 , , , 12456 736 16 true true JJ 12456 736 17 light light NN 12456 736 18 and and CC 12456 736 19 splendour splendour NN 12456 736 20 , , , 12456 736 21 Lord Lord NNP 12456 736 22 Almighty Almighty NNP 12456 736 23 , , , 12456 736 24 " " `` 12456 736 25 for for IN 12456 736 26 the the DT 12456 736 27 purpose purpose NN 12456 736 28 of of IN 12456 736 29 praying pray VBG 12456 736 30 that that IN 12456 736 31 the the DT 12456 736 32 lovers lover NNS 12456 736 33 [ [ -LRB- 12456 736 34 90 90 CD 12456 736 35 ] ] -RRB- 12456 736 36 for for IN 12456 736 37 whom whom WP 12456 736 38 the the DT 12456 736 39 speaker speaker NN 12456 736 40 is be VBZ 12456 736 41 keeping keep VBG 12456 736 42 watch watch NN 12456 736 43 may may MD 12456 736 44 be be VB 12456 736 45 undisturbed undisturbed JJ 12456 736 46 in in IN 12456 736 47 interchange interchange NN 12456 736 48 of of IN 12456 736 49 their -PRON- PRP$ 12456 736 50 affections affection NNS 12456 736 51 . . . 12456 737 1 Prayer prayer NN 12456 737 2 for for IN 12456 737 3 the the DT 12456 737 4 success success NN 12456 737 5 of of IN 12456 737 6 attempted attempt VBN 12456 737 7 adultery adultery NN 12456 737 8 is be VBZ 12456 737 9 a a DT 12456 737 10 contradiction contradiction NN 12456 737 11 in in IN 12456 737 12 terms term NNS 12456 737 13 . . . 12456 738 1 For for IN 12456 738 2 a a DT 12456 738 3 theory theory NN 12456 738 4 of of IN 12456 738 5 religion religion NN 12456 738 6 which which WDT 12456 738 7 could could MD 12456 738 8 regard regard VB 12456 738 9 the the DT 12456 738 10 Deity Deity NNP 12456 738 11 as as IN 12456 738 12 a a DT 12456 738 13 possible possible JJ 12456 738 14 accomplice accomplice NN 12456 738 15 in in IN 12456 738 16 crime crime NN 12456 738 17 , , , 12456 738 18 the the DT 12456 738 19 Church Church NNP 12456 738 20 of of IN 12456 738 21 Southern Southern NNP 12456 738 22 France France NNP 12456 738 23 in in IN 12456 738 24 the the DT 12456 738 25 twelfth twelfth JJ 12456 738 26 century century NN 12456 738 27 is be VBZ 12456 738 28 to to TO 12456 738 29 blame blame VB 12456 738 30 : : : 12456 738 31 we -PRON- PRP 12456 738 32 can can MD 12456 738 33 not not RB 12456 738 34 expect expect VB 12456 738 35 that that IN 12456 738 36 the the DT 12456 738 37 troubadours troubadour NNS 12456 738 38 in in IN 12456 738 39 general general JJ 12456 738 40 should should MD 12456 738 41 be be VB 12456 738 42 more more RBR 12456 738 43 religious religious JJ 12456 738 44 than than IN 12456 738 45 the the DT 12456 738 46 professional professional JJ 12456 738 47 exponents exponent NNS 12456 738 48 of of IN 12456 738 49 religion religion NN 12456 738 50 . . . 12456 739 1 On on IN 12456 739 2 the the DT 12456 739 3 other other JJ 12456 739 4 hand hand NN 12456 739 5 , , , 12456 739 6 poems poem NNS 12456 739 7 of of IN 12456 739 8 real real JJ 12456 739 9 devotional devotional JJ 12456 739 10 feeling feeling NN 12456 739 11 are be VBP 12456 739 12 found find VBN 12456 739 13 , , , 12456 739 14 even even RB 12456 739 15 from from IN 12456 739 16 the the DT 12456 739 17 earliest early JJS 12456 739 18 times time NNS 12456 739 19 : : : 12456 739 20 the the DT 12456 739 21 sensual sensual JJ 12456 739 22 Count Count NNP 12456 739 23 of of IN 12456 739 24 Poitiers Poitiers NNP 12456 739 25 , , , 12456 739 26 the the DT 12456 739 27 first first JJ 12456 739 28 troubadour troubadour NN 12456 739 29 known know VBN 12456 739 30 to to IN 12456 739 31 us -PRON- PRP 12456 739 32 , , , 12456 739 33 concludes conclude VBZ 12456 739 34 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 739 35 career career NN 12456 739 36 with with IN 12456 739 37 a a DT 12456 739 38 poem poem NN 12456 739 39 of of IN 12456 739 40 resignation resignation NN 12456 739 41 bidding bidding NN 12456 739 42 farewell farewell NN 12456 739 43 to to IN 12456 739 44 the the DT 12456 739 45 world world NN 12456 739 46 , , , 12456 739 47 " " '' 12456 739 48 leaving leave VBG 12456 739 49 all all DT 12456 739 50 that that WDT 12456 739 51 I -PRON- PRP 12456 739 52 love love VBP 12456 739 53 , , , 12456 739 54 the the DT 12456 739 55 brilliant brilliant JJ 12456 739 56 life life NN 12456 739 57 of of IN 12456 739 58 chivalry chivalry NN 12456 739 59 , , , 12456 739 60 but but CC 12456 739 61 since since IN 12456 739 62 it -PRON- PRP 12456 739 63 pleases please VBZ 12456 739 64 God God NNP 12456 739 65 , , , 12456 739 66 I -PRON- PRP 12456 739 67 resign resign VBP 12456 739 68 myself -PRON- PRP 12456 739 69 and and CC 12456 739 70 pray pray VB 12456 739 71 Him -PRON- PRP 12456 739 72 to to TO 12456 739 73 keep keep VB 12456 739 74 me -PRON- PRP 12456 739 75 among among IN 12456 739 76 His -PRON- PRP$ 12456 739 77 own own JJ 12456 739 78 . . . 12456 739 79 " " '' 12456 740 1 Many many JJ 12456 740 2 troubadours troubadour NNS 12456 740 3 , , , 12456 740 4 as as IN 12456 740 5 has have VBZ 12456 740 6 been be VBN 12456 740 7 said say VBN 12456 740 8 , , , 12456 740 9 ended end VBD 12456 740 10 their -PRON- PRP$ 12456 740 11 lives life NNS 12456 740 12 in in IN 12456 740 13 monasteries monastery NNS 12456 740 14 and and CC 12456 740 15 the the DT 12456 740 16 disappointments disappointment NNS 12456 740 17 or or CC 12456 740 18 griefs griefs NNP 12456 740 19 which which WDT 12456 740 20 drove drive VBD 12456 740 21 them -PRON- PRP 12456 740 22 to to IN 12456 740 23 this this DT 12456 740 24 course course NN 12456 740 25 often often RB 12456 740 26 aroused arouse VBD 12456 740 27 religious religious JJ 12456 740 28 feelings feeling NNS 12456 740 29 , , , 12456 740 30 regrets regret VBZ 12456 740 31 for for IN 12456 740 32 past past JJ 12456 740 33 follies folly NNS 12456 740 34 and and CC 12456 740 35 resolutions resolution NNS 12456 740 36 of of IN 12456 740 37 repentance repentance NN 12456 740 38 , , , 12456 740 39 which which WDT 12456 740 40 found find VBD 12456 740 41 expression expression NN 12456 740 42 in in IN 12456 740 43 poetry poetry NN 12456 740 44 . . . 12456 741 1 Peire Peire NNP 12456 741 2 d'Auvergne d'Auvergne NNP 12456 741 3 wrote write VBD 12456 741 4 several several JJ 12456 741 5 religious religious JJ 12456 741 6 hymns hymn NNS 12456 741 7 after after IN 12456 741 8 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 741 9 retirement retirement NN 12456 741 10 from from IN 12456 741 11 the the DT 12456 741 12 world world NN 12456 741 13 ; ; , 12456 741 14 these these DT 12456 741 15 are be VBP 12456 741 16 largely largely RB 12456 741 17 composed compose VBN 12456 741 18 of of IN 12456 741 19 reiterated reiterate VBN 12456 741 20 articles article NNS 12456 741 21 of of IN 12456 741 22 the the DT 12456 741 23 Christian christian JJ 12456 741 24 faith faith NN 12456 741 25 in in IN 12456 741 26 metrical metrical JJ 12456 741 27 form form NN 12456 741 28 and and CC 12456 741 29 are be VBP 12456 741 30 as as RB 12456 741 31 unpoetical unpoetical JJ 12456 741 32 as as IN 12456 741 33 they -PRON- PRP 12456 741 34 are be VBP 12456 741 35 orthodox orthodox JJ 12456 741 36 , , , 12456 741 37 Crusade Crusade NNP 12456 741 38 poems poem NNS 12456 741 39 and and CC 12456 741 40 _ _ NNP 12456 741 41 planhs planhs RB 12456 741 42 _ _ NNP 12456 741 43 upon upon IN 12456 741 44 the the DT 12456 741 45 [ [ -LRB- 12456 741 46 91 91 CD 12456 741 47 ] ] -RRB- 12456 741 48 deaths death NNS 12456 741 49 of of IN 12456 741 50 famous famous JJ 12456 741 51 nobles noble NNS 12456 741 52 or or CC 12456 741 53 patrons patron NNS 12456 741 54 are be VBP 12456 741 55 religious religious JJ 12456 741 56 only only RB 12456 741 57 in in IN 12456 741 58 a a DT 12456 741 59 secondary secondary JJ 12456 741 60 sense sense NN 12456 741 61 . . . 12456 742 1 A a DT 12456 742 2 fine fine JJ 12456 742 3 religious religious JJ 12456 742 4 _ _ NNP 12456 742 5 alba alba VBZ 12456 742 6 _ _ NNP 12456 742 7 is be VBZ 12456 742 8 ascribed ascribe VBN 12456 742 9 to to IN 12456 742 10 Folquet Folquet NNP 12456 742 11 of of IN 12456 742 12 Marseilles-- marseilles-- NN 12456 742 13 Vers Vers NNP 12456 742 14 Dieus Dieus NNP 12456 742 15 , , , 12456 742 16 e·l e·l NNP 12456 742 17 vostre vostre NNP 12456 742 18 nom nom NNP 12456 742 19 e e NNP 12456 742 20 de de NNP 12456 742 21 sancta sancta NNP 12456 742 22 Maria Maria NNP 12456 742 23 m'esvelherai m'esvelherai NNP 12456 742 24 hueimais hueimais NNP 12456 742 25 , , , 12456 742 26 pus pus NNP 12456 742 27 l'estela l'estela NNP 12456 742 28 del del NNP 12456 742 29 dia dia NNP 12456 742 30 ven ven FW 12456 742 31 daus daus VBP 12456 742 32 Jerusalem Jerusalem NNP 12456 742 33 que que NNP 12456 742 34 ' ' POS 12456 742 35 m'ensenha m'ensenha NNP 12456 742 36 qu'ien qu'ien NNP 12456 742 37 dia dia NNP 12456 742 38 : : : 12456 742 39 estatz estatz NNP 12456 742 40 sus sus NNP 12456 742 41 e e NNP 12456 742 42 levatz levatz NNP 12456 742 43 , , , 12456 742 44 senhor senhor NNP 12456 742 45 , , , 12456 742 46 que que NNP 12456 742 47 Dieu Dieu NNP 12456 742 48 amatz amatz NN 12456 742 49 ! ! . 12456 743 1 que·l que·l ADD 12456 743 2 jorns jorns NNPS 12456 743 3 es es NNP 12456 743 4 aprosmatz aprosmatz NNP 12456 743 5 e e VBZ 12456 743 6 la la NNP 12456 743 7 nuech nuech NNP 12456 743 8 ten ten CD 12456 743 9 sa sa NNP 12456 743 10 via via IN 12456 743 11 ; ; : 12456 743 12 e e LS 12456 743 13 sia·n sia·n NNP 12456 743 14 Dieus Dieus NNP 12456 743 15 lauzatz lauzatz NN 12456 743 16 per per IN 12456 743 17 nos nos NNP 12456 743 18 e e NNP 12456 743 19 adoratz adoratz NNP 12456 743 20 , , , 12456 743 21 e·l e·l NNP 12456 743 22 preguem preguem NNP 12456 743 23 que·ens que·ens NNP 12456 743 24 don don NNP 12456 743 25 patz patz NNP 12456 743 26 a a DT 12456 743 27 tota tota NNP 12456 743 28 nostra nostra NNP 12456 743 29 via via IN 12456 743 30 . . . 12456 744 1 La La NNP 12456 744 2 nuech nuech NNP 12456 744 3 vai vai FW 12456 744 4 e·l e·l NNP 12456 744 5 jorns jorn NNS 12456 744 6 ve ve NNP 12456 744 7 ab ab NNP 12456 744 8 elar elar JJ 12456 744 9 eel eel NN 12456 744 10 e e NNP 12456 744 11 sere sere NN 12456 744 12 , , , 12456 744 13 e e NNP 12456 744 14 l'alba l'alba NNP 12456 744 15 no no DT 12456 744 16 's 's POS 12456 744 17 rete rete NN 12456 744 18 ans ans UH 12456 744 19 ven ven NNP 12456 744 20 belh belh NNP 12456 744 21 ' ' POS 12456 744 22 e e NN 12456 744 23 complia complia NNP 12456 744 24 . . . 12456 745 1 " " `` 12456 745 2 True true JJ 12456 745 3 God God NNP 12456 745 4 , , , 12456 745 5 in in IN 12456 745 6 Thy Thy NNP 12456 745 7 name name NN 12456 745 8 and and CC 12456 745 9 in in IN 12456 745 10 the the DT 12456 745 11 name name NN 12456 745 12 of of IN 12456 745 13 Saint Saint NNP 12456 745 14 Mary Mary NNP 12456 745 15 will will MD 12456 745 16 I -PRON- PRP 12456 745 17 awake awake VB 12456 745 18 henceforth henceforth RB 12456 745 19 , , , 12456 745 20 since since IN 12456 745 21 the the DT 12456 745 22 star star NN 12456 745 23 of of IN 12456 745 24 day day NN 12456 745 25 rises rise VBZ 12456 745 26 from from IN 12456 745 27 o'er o'er NNP 12456 745 28 Jerusalem Jerusalem NNP 12456 745 29 , , , 12456 745 30 bidding bid VBG 12456 745 31 me -PRON- PRP 12456 745 32 say say VB 12456 745 33 , , , 12456 745 34 ' ' '' 12456 745 35 Up up RB 12456 745 36 and and CC 12456 745 37 arise arise VB 12456 745 38 , , , 12456 745 39 sirs sir NNS 12456 745 40 , , , 12456 745 41 who who WP 12456 745 42 love love VBP 12456 745 43 God God NNP 12456 745 44 ! ! . 12456 746 1 For for IN 12456 746 2 the the DT 12456 746 3 day day NN 12456 746 4 is be VBZ 12456 746 5 nigh nigh JJ 12456 746 6 , , , 12456 746 7 and and CC 12456 746 8 the the DT 12456 746 9 night night NN 12456 746 10 departs depart VBZ 12456 746 11 ; ; : 12456 746 12 and and CC 12456 746 13 let let VB 12456 746 14 God God NNP 12456 746 15 be be VB 12456 746 16 praised praise VBN 12456 746 17 and and CC 12456 746 18 adored adore VBN 12456 746 19 by by IN 12456 746 20 us -PRON- PRP 12456 746 21 and and CC 12456 746 22 let let VB 12456 746 23 us -PRON- PRP 12456 746 24 pray pray VB 12456 746 25 Him -PRON- PRP 12456 746 26 that that IN 12456 746 27 He -PRON- PRP 12456 746 28 give give VBP 12456 746 29 us -PRON- PRP 12456 746 30 peace peace NN 12456 746 31 for for IN 12456 746 32 all all PDT 12456 746 33 our -PRON- PRP$ 12456 746 34 lives life NNS 12456 746 35 . . . 12456 747 1 Night night NN 12456 747 2 goes go VBZ 12456 747 3 and and CC 12456 747 4 day day NN 12456 747 5 comes come VBZ 12456 747 6 with with IN 12456 747 7 clear clear JJ 12456 747 8 serene serene JJ 12456 747 9 sky sky NN 12456 747 10 , , , 12456 747 11 and and CC 12456 747 12 the the DT 12456 747 13 dawn dawn NN 12456 747 14 delays delay NNS 12456 747 15 not not RB 12456 747 16 but but CC 12456 747 17 comes come VBZ 12456 747 18 fair fair JJ 12456 747 19 and and CC 12456 747 20 perfect perfect JJ 12456 747 21 . . . 12456 747 22 ' ' '' 12456 747 23 " " '' 12456 748 1 At at IN 12456 748 2 the the DT 12456 748 3 close close NN 12456 748 4 of of IN 12456 748 5 the the DT 12456 748 6 Albigeois Albigeois NNP 12456 748 7 crusade crusade NN 12456 748 8 the the DT 12456 748 9 Virgin Virgin NNP 12456 748 10 Mary Mary NNP 12456 748 11 becomes become VBZ 12456 748 12 the the DT 12456 748 13 theme theme NN 12456 748 14 of of IN 12456 748 15 an an DT 12456 748 16 increasing increase VBG 12456 748 17 number number NN 12456 748 18 of of IN 12456 748 19 lyric lyric NN 12456 748 20 poems poem NNS 12456 748 21 . . . 12456 749 1 These these DT 12456 749 2 are be VBP 12456 749 3 not not RB 12456 749 4 like like IN 12456 749 5 the the DT 12456 749 6 farewells farewell NNS 12456 749 7 [ [ -LRB- 12456 749 8 92 92 CD 12456 749 9 ] ] -RRB- 12456 749 10 to to IN 12456 749 11 the the DT 12456 749 12 world world NN 12456 749 13 , , , 12456 749 14 uttered utter VBN 12456 749 15 by by IN 12456 749 16 weary weary JJ 12456 749 17 troubadours troubadour NNS 12456 749 18 , , , 12456 749 19 and and CC 12456 749 20 dictated dictate VBN 12456 749 21 by by IN 12456 749 22 individual individual JJ 12456 749 23 circumstances circumstance NNS 12456 749 24 , , , 12456 749 25 but but CC 12456 749 26 are be VBP 12456 749 27 inspired inspire VBN 12456 749 28 by by IN 12456 749 29 an an DT 12456 749 30 increase increase NN 12456 749 31 of of IN 12456 749 32 religious religious JJ 12456 749 33 feeling feeling NN 12456 749 34 in in IN 12456 749 35 the the DT 12456 749 36 public public NN 12456 749 37 to to TO 12456 749 38 whom whom WP 12456 749 39 the the DT 12456 749 40 troubadours troubadour NNS 12456 749 41 appealed appeal VBD 12456 749 42 . . . 12456 750 1 Peire Peire NNP 12456 750 2 Cardenal Cardenal NNP 12456 750 3 began begin VBD 12456 750 4 the the DT 12456 750 5 series series NN 12456 750 6 and and CC 12456 750 7 a a DT 12456 750 8 similar similar JJ 12456 750 9 poem poem NN 12456 750 10 is be VBZ 12456 750 11 attributed attribute VBN 12456 750 12 to to IN 12456 750 13 Perdigon Perdigon NNP 12456 750 14 , , , 12456 750 15 a a DT 12456 750 16 troubadour troubadour NN 12456 750 17 who who WP 12456 750 18 joined join VBD 12456 750 19 the the DT 12456 750 20 crusaders crusader NNS 12456 750 21 and and CC 12456 750 22 fought fight VBD 12456 750 23 against against IN 12456 750 24 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 750 25 old old JJ 12456 750 26 patrons patron NNS 12456 750 27 ; ; , 12456 750 28 though though IN 12456 750 29 the the DT 12456 750 30 poem poem NN 12456 750 31 is be VBZ 12456 750 32 probably probably RB 12456 750 33 not not RB 12456 750 34 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 750 35 , , , 12456 750 36 it -PRON- PRP 12456 750 37 belongs belong VBZ 12456 750 38 to to IN 12456 750 39 a a DT 12456 750 40 time time NN 12456 750 41 but but CC 12456 750 42 little little JJ 12456 750 43 posterior posterior NN 12456 750 44 to to IN 12456 750 45 the the DT 12456 750 46 crusade crusade NN 12456 750 47 . . . 12456 751 1 The the DT 12456 751 2 cult cult NN 12456 751 3 of of IN 12456 751 4 the the DT 12456 751 5 Virgin Virgin NNP 12456 751 6 had have VBD 12456 751 7 obvious obvious JJ 12456 751 8 attractions attraction NNS 12456 751 9 as as IN 12456 751 10 a a DT 12456 751 11 subject subject NN 12456 751 12 for for IN 12456 751 13 troubadours troubadour NNS 12456 751 14 whose whose WP$ 12456 751 15 profane profane NN 12456 751 16 songs song NNS 12456 751 17 would would MD 12456 751 18 not not RB 12456 751 19 have have VB 12456 751 20 been be VBN 12456 751 21 countenanced countenance VBN 12456 751 22 by by IN 12456 751 23 St St NNP 12456 751 24 Dominic Dominic NNP 12456 751 25 and and CC 12456 751 26 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 751 27 preachers preacher NNS 12456 751 28 and and CC 12456 751 29 religious religious JJ 12456 751 30 poetry poetry NN 12456 751 31 dealing deal VBG 12456 751 32 with with IN 12456 751 33 the the DT 12456 751 34 subject subject NN 12456 751 35 could could MD 12456 751 36 easily easily RB 12456 751 37 borrow borrow VB 12456 751 38 not not RB 12456 751 39 only only RB 12456 751 40 the the DT 12456 751 41 metrical metrical JJ 12456 751 42 forms form NNS 12456 751 43 but but CC 12456 751 44 also also RB 12456 751 45 many many JJ 12456 751 46 technical technical JJ 12456 751 47 expressions expression NNS 12456 751 48 which which WDT 12456 751 49 troubadours troubadour VBZ 12456 751 50 had have VBD 12456 751 51 used use VBN 12456 751 52 in in IN 12456 751 53 singing singing NN 12456 751 54 of of IN 12456 751 55 worldly worldly JJ 12456 751 56 love love NN 12456 751 57 . . . 12456 752 1 They -PRON- PRP 12456 752 2 could could MD 12456 752 3 be be VB 12456 752 4 the the DT 12456 752 5 servants servant NNS 12456 752 6 of of IN 12456 752 7 a a DT 12456 752 8 heavenly heavenly JJ 12456 752 9 mistress mistress NN 12456 752 10 and and CC 12456 752 11 attribute attribute VB 12456 752 12 to to IN 12456 752 13 her -PRON- PRP 12456 752 14 all all PDT 12456 752 15 the the DT 12456 752 16 graces grace NNS 12456 752 17 and and CC 12456 752 18 beauty beauty NN 12456 752 19 of of IN 12456 752 20 form form NN 12456 752 21 and and CC 12456 752 22 character character NN 12456 752 23 . . . 12456 753 1 It -PRON- PRP 12456 753 2 has have VBZ 12456 753 3 been be VBN 12456 753 4 supposed suppose VBN 12456 753 5 that that IN 12456 753 6 the the DT 12456 753 7 Virgin Virgin NNP 12456 753 8 was be VBD 12456 753 9 the the DT 12456 753 10 mysterious mysterious JJ 12456 753 11 love love NN 12456 753 12 sung sing VBN 12456 753 13 by by IN 12456 753 14 Jaufre Jaufre NNP 12456 753 15 Rudel Rudel NNP 12456 753 16 and and CC 12456 753 17 the the DT 12456 753 18 supposition supposition NN 12456 753 19 is be VBZ 12456 753 20 not not RB 12456 753 21 inconsistent inconsistent JJ 12456 753 22 with with IN 12456 753 23 the the DT 12456 753 24 language language NN 12456 753 25 of of IN 12456 753 26 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 753 27 poems poem NNS 12456 753 28 . . . 12456 754 1 Guiraut Guiraut NNP 12456 754 2 Riquier Riquier NNP 12456 754 3 , , , 12456 754 4 the the DT 12456 754 5 last last JJ 12456 754 6 of of IN 12456 754 7 the the DT 12456 754 8 troubadours troubadour NNS 12456 754 9 , , , 12456 754 10 provides provide VBZ 12456 754 11 examples example NNS 12456 754 12 of of IN 12456 754 13 this this DT 12456 754 14 new new JJ 12456 754 15 _ _ NNP 12456 754 16 genre genre NN 12456 754 17 _ _ NNP 12456 754 18 : : : 12456 754 19 from from IN 12456 754 20 the the DT 12456 754 21 fourteenth fourteenth JJ 12456 754 22 century century NN 12456 754 23 it -PRON- PRP 12456 754 24 was be VBD 12456 754 25 the the DT 12456 754 26 only only JJ 12456 754 27 kind kind NN 12456 754 28 of of IN 12456 754 29 poem poem NN 12456 754 30 admitted admit VBN 12456 754 31 by by IN 12456 754 32 the the DT 12456 754 33 school school NN 12456 754 34 of of IN 12456 754 35 Toulouse Toulouse NNP 12456 754 36 and and CC 12456 754 37 the the DT 12456 754 38 Jeux Jeux NNP 12456 754 39 Floraux Floraux NNP 12456 754 40 crowned crown VBD 12456 754 41 many many JJ 12456 754 42 poems poem NNS 12456 754 43 of of IN 12456 754 44 this this DT 12456 754 45 nature nature NN 12456 754 46 . . . 12456 755 1 These these DT 12456 755 2 , , , 12456 755 3 however however RB 12456 755 4 , , , 12456 755 5 have have VBP 12456 755 6 little little JJ 12456 755 7 in in IN 12456 755 8 common common JJ 12456 755 9 with with IN 12456 755 10 classical classical JJ 12456 755 11 troubadour troubadour NN 12456 755 12 poetry poetry NN 12456 755 13 except except IN 12456 755 14 language language NN 12456 755 15 . . . 12456 756 1 The the DT 12456 756 2 following follow VBG 12456 756 3 stanzas stanza NNS 12456 756 4 from from IN 12456 756 5 [ [ -LRB- 12456 756 6 93 93 CD 12456 756 7 ] ] -RRB- 12456 756 8 the the DT 12456 756 9 well well RB 12456 756 10 - - HYPH 12456 756 11 known know VBN 12456 756 12 hymn hymn NN 12456 756 13 to to IN 12456 756 14 the the DT 12456 756 15 Virgin Virgin NNP 12456 756 16 by by IN 12456 756 17 Peire Peire NNP 12456 756 18 de de IN 12456 756 19 Corbiac Corbiac NNP 12456 756 20 , , , 12456 756 21 will will MD 12456 756 22 give give VB 12456 756 23 an an DT 12456 756 24 idea idea NN 12456 756 25 of of IN 12456 756 26 the the DT 12456 756 27 character character NN 12456 756 28 of of IN 12456 756 29 this this DT 12456 756 30 poetry poetry NN 12456 756 31 . . . 12456 757 1 Domna Domna NNP 12456 757 2 , , , 12456 757 3 rosa rosa NNP 12456 757 4 ses se VBZ 12456 757 5 espina espina NNP 12456 757 6 , , , 12456 757 7 sobre sobre NNP 12456 757 8 totas totas NNP 12456 757 9 flors flor NNS 12456 757 10 olens olen VBZ 12456 757 11 , , , 12456 757 12 verga verga NNP 12456 757 13 seca seca NNP 12456 757 14 frug frug NNP 12456 757 15 fazens fazens NNPS 12456 757 16 , , , 12456 757 17 terra terra NNP 12456 757 18 que que NNP 12456 757 19 ses se VBZ 12456 757 20 labor labor NNP 12456 757 21 grana grana NNP 12456 757 22 , , , 12456 757 23 estela estela NNP 12456 757 24 , , , 12456 757 25 del del NNP 12456 757 26 solelh solelh NNP 12456 757 27 maire maire NNP 12456 757 28 , , , 12456 757 29 noirissa noirissa NNP 12456 757 30 del del NNP 12456 757 31 vostre vostre NNP 12456 757 32 paire paire NNP 12456 757 33 , , , 12456 757 34 el el NNP 12456 757 35 mon mon NNP 12456 757 36 nulha nulha NNP 12456 757 37 no·us no·us NNP 12456 757 38 semelha semelha NNP 12456 757 39 ni ni NNP 12456 757 40 londana londana NNP 12456 757 41 ni ni NNP 12456 757 42 vezina vezina NNP 12456 757 43 . . . 12456 758 1 Domna Domna NNP 12456 758 2 , , , 12456 758 3 verge verge VB 12456 758 4 pura pura NNP 12456 758 5 e e NNP 12456 758 6 fina fina NNP 12456 758 7 , , , 12456 758 8 ans ans NNP 12456 758 9 que que NNP 12456 758 10 fos fos NNP 12456 758 11 l'enfantamens l'enfantamens NNP 12456 758 12 , , , 12456 758 13 et et NNP 12456 758 14 apres apre NNS 12456 758 15 tot tot NNP 12456 758 16 eissamens eissamen NNS 12456 758 17 , , , 12456 758 18 receup receup VB 12456 758 19 en en IN 12456 758 20 vos vos NN 12456 758 21 carn carn NN 12456 758 22 humana humana NNP 12456 758 23 Jesu Jesu NNP 12456 758 24 Crist Crist NNP 12456 758 25 , , , 12456 758 26 nostre nostre NNP 12456 758 27 salvaire salvaire NNP 12456 758 28 , , , 12456 758 29 si si VBP 12456 758 30 com com NN 12456 758 31 ses se VBZ 12456 758 32 trencamen trencaman NNS 12456 758 33 faire faire NN 12456 758 34 intra·l intra·l NNP 12456 758 35 bels bel NNS 12456 758 36 rais rais NNP 12456 758 37 , , , 12456 758 38 quan quan NN 12456 758 39 solelha solelha NN 12456 758 40 , , , 12456 758 41 per per IN 12456 758 42 la la NNP 12456 758 43 fenestra fenestra NNP 12456 758 44 veirina veirina NNP 12456 758 45 . . . 12456 759 1 Domna Domna NNP 12456 759 2 , , , 12456 759 3 estela estela NNP 12456 759 4 marina marina NNP 12456 759 5 de de NNP 12456 759 6 las las NNP 12456 759 7 autras autras NNP 12456 759 8 plus plus NNP 12456 759 9 luzens luzens NNP 12456 759 10 , , , 12456 759 11 la la NNP 12456 759 12 mars mars NNP 12456 759 13 nos nos NNP 12456 759 14 combat combat NN 12456 759 15 e·l e·l NNP 12456 759 16 vens ven NNS 12456 759 17 ; ; : 12456 759 18 mostra mostra NNP 12456 759 19 nos nos NNP 12456 759 20 via via IN 12456 759 21 certana certana NNS 12456 759 22 ; ; : 12456 759 23 car car NN 12456 759 24 si·ns si·ns NN 12456 759 25 vols vol VBZ 12456 759 26 a a DT 12456 759 27 bon bon NNP 12456 759 28 port port NN 12456 759 29 traire traire VBP 12456 759 30 non non JJ 12456 759 31 tem tem NN 12456 759 32 nau nau NNP 12456 759 33 ni ni NNP 12456 759 34 governaire governaire NNP 12456 759 35 ni ni NNP 12456 759 36 tempest tempest NNP 12456 759 37 que·ns que·ns NNP 12456 759 38 destorbelha destorbelha NN 12456 759 39 ni·l ni·l NNP 12456 759 40 sobern sobern JJ 12456 759 41 de de FW 12456 759 42 la la NNP 12456 759 43 marina marina NNP 12456 759 44 . . . 12456 760 1 " " `` 12456 760 2 Lady Lady NNP 12456 760 3 , , , 12456 760 4 rose rise VBD 12456 760 5 without without IN 12456 760 6 thorn thorn NN 12456 760 7 , , , 12456 760 8 sweet sweet JJ 12456 760 9 above above IN 12456 760 10 all all DT 12456 760 11 flowers flower NNS 12456 760 12 , , , 12456 760 13 dry dry JJ 12456 760 14 rod rod NN 12456 760 15 bearing bearing NN 12456 760 16 fruit fruit NN 12456 760 17 , , , 12456 760 18 earth earth NN 12456 760 19 bringing bring VBG 12456 760 20 forth forth RP 12456 760 21 fruit fruit NN 12456 760 22 without without IN 12456 760 23 toil toil NNP 12456 760 24 , , , 12456 760 25 star star NNP 12456 760 26 , , , 12456 760 27 mother mother NN 12456 760 28 of of IN 12456 760 29 the the DT 12456 760 30 sun sun NN 12456 760 31 , , , 12456 760 32 nurse nurse NN 12456 760 33 of of IN 12456 760 34 thine thine NNP 12456 760 35 own own JJ 12456 760 36 Father Father NNP 12456 760 37 , , , 12456 760 38 in in IN 12456 760 39 the the DT 12456 760 40 world world NN 12456 760 41 no no DT 12456 760 42 woman woman NN 12456 760 43 is be VBZ 12456 760 44 like like IN 12456 760 45 to to IN 12456 760 46 thee thee PRP 12456 760 47 , , , 12456 760 48 [ [ -LRB- 12456 760 49 94 94 CD 12456 760 50 ] ] -RRB- 12456 760 51 neither neither CC 12456 760 52 far far RB 12456 760 53 nor nor CC 12456 760 54 near near JJ 12456 760 55 . . . 12456 761 1 Lady Lady NNP 12456 761 2 , , , 12456 761 3 virgin virgin JJ 12456 761 4 pure pure JJ 12456 761 5 and and CC 12456 761 6 fair fair JJ 12456 761 7 before before IN 12456 761 8 the the DT 12456 761 9 birth birth NN 12456 761 10 was be VBD 12456 761 11 and and CC 12456 761 12 afterwards afterwards RB 12456 761 13 the the DT 12456 761 14 same same JJ 12456 761 15 , , , 12456 761 16 Jesus Jesus NNP 12456 761 17 Christ Christ NNP 12456 761 18 our -PRON- PRP$ 12456 761 19 Saviour Saviour NNP 12456 761 20 received receive VBD 12456 761 21 human human JJ 12456 761 22 flesh flesh NN 12456 761 23 in in IN 12456 761 24 thee thee NNP 12456 761 25 , , , 12456 761 26 just just RB 12456 761 27 as as IN 12456 761 28 without without IN 12456 761 29 causing cause VBG 12456 761 30 flaw flaw NN 12456 761 31 , , , 12456 761 32 the the DT 12456 761 33 fair fair JJ 12456 761 34 ray ray NN 12456 761 35 enters enter VBZ 12456 761 36 through through IN 12456 761 37 the the DT 12456 761 38 window window NN 12456 761 39 - - HYPH 12456 761 40 pane pane NN 12456 761 41 when when WRB 12456 761 42 the the DT 12456 761 43 sun sun NN 12456 761 44 shines shine VBZ 12456 761 45 . . . 12456 762 1 Lady Lady NNP 12456 762 2 , , , 12456 762 3 star star NN 12456 762 4 of of IN 12456 762 5 the the DT 12456 762 6 sea sea NN 12456 762 7 , , , 12456 762 8 brighter bright JJR 12456 762 9 than than IN 12456 762 10 the the DT 12456 762 11 other other JJ 12456 762 12 stars star NNS 12456 762 13 , , , 12456 762 14 the the DT 12456 762 15 sea sea NN 12456 762 16 and and CC 12456 762 17 the the DT 12456 762 18 wind wind NN 12456 762 19 buffet buffet VB 12456 762 20 us -PRON- PRP 12456 762 21 ; ; : 12456 762 22 show show VB 12456 762 23 thou thou NNP 12456 762 24 us -PRON- PRP 12456 762 25 the the DT 12456 762 26 right right JJ 12456 762 27 way way NN 12456 762 28 : : : 12456 762 29 for for IN 12456 762 30 if if IN 12456 762 31 thou thou NNP 12456 762 32 wilt wilt NNP 12456 762 33 bring bring VB 12456 762 34 us -PRON- PRP 12456 762 35 to to IN 12456 762 36 a a DT 12456 762 37 fair fair JJ 12456 762 38 haven haven NN 12456 762 39 , , , 12456 762 40 ship ship NN 12456 762 41 nor nor CC 12456 762 42 helmsman helmsman NN 12456 762 43 fears fear NNS 12456 762 44 not not RB 12456 762 45 tempest temp JJS 12456 762 46 nor nor CC 12456 762 47 tide tide NN 12456 762 48 lest lest IN 12456 762 49 it -PRON- PRP 12456 762 50 trouble trouble VBP 12456 762 51 us -PRON- PRP 12456 762 52 . . . 12456 762 53 " " '' 12456 763 1 CHAPTER CHAPTER NNP 12456 763 2 VII VII NNP 12456 763 3 [ [ -LRB- 12456 763 4 95 95 CD 12456 763 5 ] ] -RRB- 12456 763 6 THE the DT 12456 763 7 TROUBADOURS troubadours NN 12456 763 8 IN in IN 12456 763 9 ITALY ITALY NNP 12456 763 10 To to TO 12456 763 11 study study VB 12456 763 12 the the DT 12456 763 13 development development NN 12456 763 14 of of IN 12456 763 15 troubadour troubadour JJ 12456 763 16 literature literature NN 12456 763 17 only only RB 12456 763 18 in in IN 12456 763 19 the the DT 12456 763 20 country country NN 12456 763 21 of of IN 12456 763 22 its -PRON- PRP$ 12456 763 23 origin origin NN 12456 763 24 would would MD 12456 763 25 be be VB 12456 763 26 to to TO 12456 763 27 gain gain VB 12456 763 28 a a DT 12456 763 29 very very RB 12456 763 30 incomplete incomplete JJ 12456 763 31 idea idea NN 12456 763 32 of of IN 12456 763 33 its -PRON- PRP$ 12456 763 34 influence influence NN 12456 763 35 . . . 12456 764 1 The the DT 12456 764 2 movement movement NN 12456 764 3 , , , 12456 764 4 as as IN 12456 764 5 we -PRON- PRP 12456 764 6 have have VBP 12456 764 7 already already RB 12456 764 8 said say VBN 12456 764 9 , , , 12456 764 10 crossed cross VBD 12456 764 11 the the DT 12456 764 12 Pyrenees Pyrenees NNPS 12456 764 13 , , , 12456 764 14 the the DT 12456 764 15 Alps Alps NNPS 12456 764 16 and and CC 12456 764 17 the the DT 12456 764 18 Rhine Rhine NNP 12456 764 19 , , , 12456 764 20 and and CC 12456 764 21 Italy Italy NNP 12456 764 22 at at IN 12456 764 23 least least JJS 12456 764 24 owed owe VBD 12456 764 25 the the DT 12456 764 26 very very JJ 12456 764 27 existence existence NN 12456 764 28 of of IN 12456 764 29 its -PRON- PRP$ 12456 764 30 lyric lyric NN 12456 764 31 poetry poetry NN 12456 764 32 to to IN 12456 764 33 the the DT 12456 764 34 impulse impulse NN 12456 764 35 first first RB 12456 764 36 given give VBN 12456 764 37 by by IN 12456 764 38 the the DT 12456 764 39 troubadours troubadour NNS 12456 764 40 . . . 12456 765 1 Close close JJ 12456 765 2 relations relation NNS 12456 765 3 between between IN 12456 765 4 Southern Southern NNP 12456 765 5 France France NNP 12456 765 6 and and CC 12456 765 7 Northern Northern NNP 12456 765 8 Italy Italy NNP 12456 765 9 had have VBD 12456 765 10 existed exist VBN 12456 765 11 from from IN 12456 765 12 an an DT 12456 765 13 early early JJ 12456 765 14 period period NN 12456 765 15 : : : 12456 765 16 commercial commercial JJ 12456 765 17 intercourse intercourse NN 12456 765 18 between between IN 12456 765 19 the the DT 12456 765 20 towns town NNS 12456 765 21 on on IN 12456 765 22 the the DT 12456 765 23 Mediterranean Mediterranean NNP 12456 765 24 was be VBD 12456 765 25 in in IN 12456 765 26 some some DT 12456 765 27 cases case NNS 12456 765 28 strengthened strengthen VBN 12456 765 29 by by IN 12456 765 30 treaties treaty NNS 12456 765 31 ; ; : 12456 765 32 the the DT 12456 765 33 local local JJ 12456 765 34 nobles noble NNS 12456 765 35 were be VBD 12456 765 36 connected connect VBN 12456 765 37 by by IN 12456 765 38 feudal feudal JJ 12456 765 39 ties tie NNS 12456 765 40 resulting result VBG 12456 765 41 from from IN 12456 765 42 the the DT 12456 765 43 suzerainty suzerainty NN 12456 765 44 of of IN 12456 765 45 the the DT 12456 765 46 Holy Holy NNP 12456 765 47 Roman Roman NNP 12456 765 48 Empire Empire NNP 12456 765 49 . . . 12456 766 1 Hence hence RB 12456 766 2 it -PRON- PRP 12456 766 3 was be VBD 12456 766 4 natural natural JJ 12456 766 5 for for IN 12456 766 6 troubadours troubadour NNS 12456 766 7 and and CC 12456 766 8 _ _ NNP 12456 766 9 joglars joglars NNP 12456 766 10 _ _ NNP 12456 766 11 to to TO 12456 766 12 visit visit VB 12456 766 13 the the DT 12456 766 14 Italian italian JJ 12456 766 15 towns town NNS 12456 766 16 . . . 12456 767 1 Their -PRON- PRP$ 12456 767 2 own own JJ 12456 767 3 language language NN 12456 767 4 was be VBD 12456 767 5 not not RB 12456 767 6 so so RB 12456 767 7 remote remote JJ 12456 767 8 from from IN 12456 767 9 the the DT 12456 767 10 Italian italian JJ 12456 767 11 dialects dialect NNS 12456 767 12 as as IN 12456 767 13 to to TO 12456 767 14 raise raise VB 12456 767 15 any any DT 12456 767 16 great great JJ 12456 767 17 obstacle obstacle NN 12456 767 18 to to IN 12456 767 19 the the DT 12456 767 20 circulation circulation NN 12456 767 21 of of IN 12456 767 22 their -PRON- PRP$ 12456 767 23 poetry poetry NN 12456 767 24 and and CC 12456 767 25 the the DT 12456 767 26 petty petty JJ 12456 767 27 princes prince NNS 12456 767 28 of of IN 12456 767 29 Northern Northern NNP 12456 767 30 Italy Italy NNP 12456 767 31 lent lend VBD 12456 767 32 as as IN 12456 767 33 ready ready JJ 12456 767 34 an an DT 12456 767 35 ear ear NN 12456 767 36 to to IN 12456 767 37 troubadour troubadour PRP$ 12456 767 38 songs song NNS 12456 767 39 as as IN 12456 767 40 the the DT 12456 767 41 local local JJ 12456 767 42 lords lord NNS 12456 767 43 in in IN 12456 767 44 the the DT 12456 767 45 South South NNP 12456 767 46 of of IN 12456 767 47 France France NNP 12456 767 48 . . . 12456 768 1 Peire Peire NNP 12456 768 2 Vidal Vidal NNP 12456 768 3 was be VBD 12456 768 4 at at IN 12456 768 5 the the DT 12456 768 6 court court NN 12456 768 7 of of IN 12456 768 8 the the DT 12456 768 9 Marquis Marquis NNP 12456 768 10 of of IN 12456 768 11 Montferrat Montferrat NNP 12456 768 12 so so RB 12456 768 13 early early RB 12456 768 14 as as IN 12456 768 15 1195 1195 CD 12456 768 16 ; ; : 12456 768 17 the the DT 12456 768 18 Marquis Marquis NNP 12456 768 19 of of IN 12456 768 20 Este Este NNP 12456 768 21 , , , 12456 768 22 the the DT 12456 768 23 Count Count NNP 12456 768 24 of of IN 12456 768 25 San San NNP 12456 768 26 Bonifacio Bonifacio NNP 12456 768 27 at at IN 12456 768 28 Verona Verona NNP 12456 768 29 , , , 12456 768 30 the the DT 12456 768 31 Count Count NNP 12456 768 32 of of IN 12456 768 33 [ [ -LRB- 12456 768 34 96 96 CD 12456 768 35 ] ] -RRB- 12456 768 36 Savoy Savoy NNP 12456 768 37 at at IN 12456 768 38 Turin Turin NNP 12456 768 39 , , , 12456 768 40 the the DT 12456 768 41 Emperor Emperor NNP 12456 768 42 Frederick Frederick NNP 12456 768 43 II II NNP 12456 768 44 . . . 12456 769 1 and and CC 12456 769 2 other other JJ 12456 769 3 lords lord NNS 12456 769 4 of of IN 12456 769 5 less less JJR 12456 769 6 importance importance NN 12456 769 7 offered offer VBD 12456 769 8 a a DT 12456 769 9 welcome welcome NN 12456 769 10 to to IN 12456 769 11 Provençal Provençal NNP 12456 769 12 poets poet NNS 12456 769 13 . . . 12456 770 1 More More JJR 12456 770 2 than than IN 12456 770 3 twenty twenty CD 12456 770 4 troubadours troubadour NNS 12456 770 5 are be VBP 12456 770 6 thus thus RB 12456 770 7 known know VBN 12456 770 8 to to TO 12456 770 9 have have VB 12456 770 10 visited visit VBN 12456 770 11 Italy Italy NNP 12456 770 12 and and CC 12456 770 13 in in IN 12456 770 14 some some DT 12456 770 15 cases case NNS 12456 770 16 to to TO 12456 770 17 have have VB 12456 770 18 made make VBN 12456 770 19 a a DT 12456 770 20 stay stay NN 12456 770 21 of of IN 12456 770 22 considerable considerable JJ 12456 770 23 length length NN 12456 770 24 . . . 12456 771 1 The the DT 12456 771 2 result result NN 12456 771 3 was be VBD 12456 771 4 that that IN 12456 771 5 their -PRON- PRP$ 12456 771 6 poetry poetry NN 12456 771 7 soon soon RB 12456 771 8 attracted attract VBD 12456 771 9 Italian italian JJ 12456 771 10 disciples disciple NNS 12456 771 11 and and CC 12456 771 12 imitators imitator NNS 12456 771 13 . . . 12456 772 1 Provençal Provençal NNP 12456 772 2 became become VBD 12456 772 3 the the DT 12456 772 4 literary literary JJ 12456 772 5 language language NN 12456 772 6 of of IN 12456 772 7 the the DT 12456 772 8 noble noble JJ 12456 772 9 classes class NNS 12456 772 10 and and CC 12456 772 11 an an DT 12456 772 12 Italian italian JJ 12456 772 13 school school NN 12456 772 14 of of IN 12456 772 15 troubadours troubadour NNS 12456 772 16 arose arise VBD 12456 772 17 , , , 12456 772 18 of of IN 12456 772 19 whom whom WP 12456 772 20 Sordello Sordello NNP 12456 772 21 is be VBZ 12456 772 22 the the DT 12456 772 23 most most RBS 12456 772 24 remarkable remarkable JJ 12456 772 25 figure figure NN 12456 772 26 . . . 12456 773 1 Raimbaut Raimbaut NNP 12456 773 2 de de FW 12456 773 3 Vaqueiras Vaqueiras NNP 12456 773 4 , , , 12456 773 5 who who WP 12456 773 6 spent spend VBD 12456 773 7 a a DT 12456 773 8 considerable considerable JJ 12456 773 9 part part NN 12456 773 10 of of IN 12456 773 11 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 773 12 career career NN 12456 773 13 ( ( -LRB- 12456 773 14 1180 1180 CD 12456 773 15 - - SYM 12456 773 16 1207 1207 CD 12456 773 17 ) ) -RRB- 12456 773 18 with with IN 12456 773 19 the the DT 12456 773 20 Marquis Marquis NNP 12456 773 21 of of IN 12456 773 22 Montferrat Montferrat NNP 12456 773 23 , , , 12456 773 24 belongs belong VBZ 12456 773 25 as as IN 12456 773 26 a a DT 12456 773 27 troubadour troubadour JJ 12456 773 28 quite quite RB 12456 773 29 as as RB 12456 773 30 much much RB 12456 773 31 to to IN 12456 773 32 Italy Italy NNP 12456 773 33 as as IN 12456 773 34 to to IN 12456 773 35 Southern Southern NNP 12456 773 36 France France NNP 12456 773 37 . . . 12456 774 1 He -PRON- PRP 12456 774 2 was be VBD 12456 774 3 the the DT 12456 774 4 son son NN 12456 774 5 of of IN 12456 774 6 a a DT 12456 774 7 poor poor JJ 12456 774 8 noble noble JJ 12456 774 9 of of IN 12456 774 10 Orange Orange NNP 12456 774 11 and and CC 12456 774 12 became become VBD 12456 774 13 a a DT 12456 774 14 troubadour troubadour NN 12456 774 15 at at IN 12456 774 16 the the DT 12456 774 17 court court NN 12456 774 18 of of IN 12456 774 19 William William NNP 12456 774 20 IV IV NNP 12456 774 21 . . . 12456 775 1 of of IN 12456 775 2 Orange Orange NNP 12456 775 3 ; ; : 12456 775 4 he -PRON- PRP 12456 775 5 exchanged exchange VBD 12456 775 6 _ _ NNP 12456 775 7 tensos tensos JJ 12456 775 8 _ _ NNP 12456 775 9 with with IN 12456 775 10 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 775 11 patron patron NN 12456 775 12 with with IN 12456 775 13 whom whom WP 12456 775 14 he -PRON- PRP 12456 775 15 seems seem VBZ 12456 775 16 to to TO 12456 775 17 have have VB 12456 775 18 been be VBN 12456 775 19 on on IN 12456 775 20 very very RB 12456 775 21 friendly friendly JJ 12456 775 22 terms term NNS 12456 775 23 and and CC 12456 775 24 to to TO 12456 775 25 whom whom WP 12456 775 26 he -PRON- PRP 12456 775 27 refers refer VBZ 12456 775 28 by by IN 12456 775 29 the the DT 12456 775 30 pseudonym pseudonym JJ 12456 775 31 Engles engle NNS 12456 775 32 ( ( -LRB- 12456 775 33 English English NNP 12456 775 34 ) ) -RRB- 12456 775 35 , , , 12456 775 36 the the DT 12456 775 37 reason reason NN 12456 775 38 for for IN 12456 775 39 which which WDT 12456 775 40 is be VBZ 12456 775 41 as as RB 12456 775 42 yet yet RB 12456 775 43 unknown unknown JJ 12456 775 44 . . . 12456 776 1 Some some DT 12456 776 2 time time NN 12456 776 3 later later RB 12456 776 4 than than IN 12456 776 5 1189 1189 CD 12456 776 6 , , , 12456 776 7 he -PRON- PRP 12456 776 8 left leave VBD 12456 776 9 the the DT 12456 776 10 court court NN 12456 776 11 of of IN 12456 776 12 Orange Orange NNP 12456 776 13 , , , 12456 776 14 apparently apparently RB 12456 776 15 in in IN 12456 776 16 consequence consequence NN 12456 776 17 of of IN 12456 776 18 a a DT 12456 776 19 dispute dispute NN 12456 776 20 with with IN 12456 776 21 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 776 22 patron patron NN 12456 776 23 and and CC 12456 776 24 made make VBD 12456 776 25 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 776 26 way way NN 12456 776 27 to to IN 12456 776 28 Italy Italy NNP 12456 776 29 , , , 12456 776 30 where where WRB 12456 776 31 he -PRON- PRP 12456 776 32 led lead VBD 12456 776 33 a a DT 12456 776 34 wandering wander VBG 12456 776 35 life life NN 12456 776 36 until until IN 12456 776 37 he -PRON- PRP 12456 776 38 was be VBD 12456 776 39 admitted admit VBN 12456 776 40 to to IN 12456 776 41 the the DT 12456 776 42 court court NN 12456 776 43 of of IN 12456 776 44 the the DT 12456 776 45 Marquis Marquis NNP 12456 776 46 of of IN 12456 776 47 Montferrat Montferrat NNP 12456 776 48 . . . 12456 777 1 To to IN 12456 777 2 this this DT 12456 777 3 period period NN 12456 777 4 of of IN 12456 777 5 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 777 6 career career NN 12456 777 7 belongs belong VBZ 12456 777 8 the the DT 12456 777 9 well well RB 12456 777 10 - - HYPH 12456 777 11 known know VBN 12456 777 12 poem poem NN 12456 777 13 in in IN 12456 777 14 which which WDT 12456 777 15 he -PRON- PRP 12456 777 16 pays pay VBZ 12456 777 17 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 777 18 addresses address NNS 12456 777 19 to to IN 12456 777 20 a a DT 12456 777 21 Genoese genoese JJ 12456 777 22 lady lady NN 12456 777 23 . . . 12456 778 1 " " `` 12456 778 2 Lady Lady NNP 12456 778 3 , , , 12456 778 4 I -PRON- PRP 12456 778 5 have have VBP 12456 778 6 prayed pray VBN 12456 778 7 you -PRON- PRP 12456 778 8 long long JJ 12456 778 9 to to TO 12456 778 10 love love VB 12456 778 11 me -PRON- PRP 12456 778 12 of of IN 12456 778 13 your -PRON- PRP$ 12456 778 14 kindliness kindliness NN 12456 778 15 ... ... NFP 12456 778 16 my -PRON- PRP$ 12456 778 17 heart heart NN 12456 778 18 [ [ -LRB- 12456 778 19 97 97 CD 12456 778 20 ] ] -RRB- 12456 778 21 is be VBZ 12456 778 22 more more RBR 12456 778 23 drawn drawn JJ 12456 778 24 to to IN 12456 778 25 you -PRON- PRP 12456 778 26 than than IN 12456 778 27 to to IN 12456 778 28 any any DT 12456 778 29 lady lady NN 12456 778 30 of of IN 12456 778 31 Genoa Genoa NNP 12456 778 32 . . . 12456 779 1 I -PRON- PRP 12456 779 2 shall shall MD 12456 779 3 be be VB 12456 779 4 well well RB 12456 779 5 rewarded reward VBN 12456 779 6 if if IN 12456 779 7 you -PRON- PRP 12456 779 8 will will MD 12456 779 9 love love VB 12456 779 10 me -PRON- PRP 12456 779 11 and and CC 12456 779 12 shall shall MD 12456 779 13 be be VB 12456 779 14 better well RBR 12456 779 15 recompensed recompense VBN 12456 779 16 for for IN 12456 779 17 my -PRON- PRP$ 12456 779 18 trouble trouble NN 12456 779 19 than than IN 12456 779 20 if if IN 12456 779 21 Genoa Genoa NNP 12456 779 22 belonged belong VBD 12456 779 23 to to IN 12456 779 24 me -PRON- PRP 12456 779 25 with with IN 12456 779 26 all all PDT 12456 779 27 the the DT 12456 779 28 wealth wealth NN 12456 779 29 that that WDT 12456 779 30 is be VBZ 12456 779 31 there there RB 12456 779 32 heaped heap VBN 12456 779 33 up up RP 12456 779 34 . . . 12456 779 35 " " '' 12456 780 1 The the DT 12456 780 2 lady lady NN 12456 780 3 then then RB 12456 780 4 replies reply VBZ 12456 780 5 in in IN 12456 780 6 her -PRON- PRP$ 12456 780 7 own own JJ 12456 780 8 Genoese genoese JJ 12456 780 9 dialect dialect NN 12456 780 10 : : : 12456 780 11 she -PRON- PRP 12456 780 12 knows know VBZ 12456 780 13 nothing nothing NN 12456 780 14 of of IN 12456 780 15 the the DT 12456 780 16 conventions convention NNS 12456 780 17 of of IN 12456 780 18 courtly courtly RB 12456 780 19 love love NN 12456 780 20 , , , 12456 780 21 and and CC 12456 780 22 informs inform VBZ 12456 780 23 the the DT 12456 780 24 troubadour troubadour NN 12456 780 25 that that IN 12456 780 26 her -PRON- PRP$ 12456 780 27 husband husband NN 12456 780 28 is be VBZ 12456 780 29 a a DT 12456 780 30 better well JJR 12456 780 31 man man NN 12456 780 32 than than IN 12456 780 33 he -PRON- PRP 12456 780 34 and and CC 12456 780 35 that that IN 12456 780 36 she -PRON- PRP 12456 780 37 will will MD 12456 780 38 have have VB 12456 780 39 nothing nothing NN 12456 780 40 to to TO 12456 780 41 do do VB 12456 780 42 with with IN 12456 780 43 him -PRON- PRP 12456 780 44 . . . 12456 781 1 The the DT 12456 781 2 poem poem NN 12456 781 3 is be VBZ 12456 781 4 nothing nothing NN 12456 781 5 but but IN 12456 781 6 a a DT 12456 781 7 _ _ NNP 12456 781 8 jeu jeu NN 12456 781 9 d'esprit d'esprit NNP 12456 781 10 _ _ NNP 12456 781 11 based base VBN 12456 781 12 upon upon IN 12456 781 13 the the DT 12456 781 14 contrast contrast NN 12456 781 15 between between IN 12456 781 16 troubadour troubadour PRP$ 12456 781 17 sentiments sentiment NNS 12456 781 18 and and CC 12456 781 19 the the DT 12456 781 20 honest honest JJ 12456 781 21 but but CC 12456 781 22 unpoetical unpoetical JJ 12456 781 23 views view NNS 12456 781 24 of of IN 12456 781 25 the the DT 12456 781 26 middle middle JJ 12456 781 27 class class NN 12456 781 28 ; ; : 12456 781 29 it -PRON- PRP 12456 781 30 is be VBZ 12456 781 31 interesting interesting JJ 12456 781 32 to to IN 12456 781 33 philologists philologist NNS 12456 781 34 as as IN 12456 781 35 containing contain VBG 12456 781 36 one one CD 12456 781 37 of of IN 12456 781 38 the the DT 12456 781 39 earliest early JJS 12456 781 40 known know VBN 12456 781 41 specimens specimen NNS 12456 781 42 of of IN 12456 781 43 Italian italian JJ 12456 781 44 dialect dialect NN 12456 781 45 . . . 12456 782 1 An an DT 12456 782 2 example example NN 12456 782 3 of of IN 12456 782 4 the the DT 12456 782 5 Tuscan tuscan JJ 12456 782 6 dialect dialect NN 12456 782 7 is be VBZ 12456 782 8 also also RB 12456 782 9 found find VBN 12456 782 10 in in IN 12456 782 11 the the DT 12456 782 12 _ _ NNP 12456 782 13 descort descort NN 12456 782 14 _ _ NNP 12456 782 15 by by IN 12456 782 16 Raimbaut Raimbaut NNP 12456 782 17 . . . 12456 783 1 This this DT 12456 783 2 is be VBZ 12456 783 3 a a DT 12456 783 4 poem poem NN 12456 783 5 in in IN 12456 783 6 irregular irregular JJ 12456 783 7 metre metre NNP 12456 783 8 , , , 12456 783 9 intended intend VBN 12456 783 10 to to TO 12456 783 11 show show VB 12456 783 12 the the DT 12456 783 13 perturbation perturbation NN 12456 783 14 of of IN 12456 783 15 the the DT 12456 783 16 poet poet NN 12456 783 17 's 's POS 12456 783 18 mind mind NN 12456 783 19 . . . 12456 784 1 Raimbaut Raimbaut NNP 12456 784 2 increased increase VBD 12456 784 3 this this DT 12456 784 4 effect effect NN 12456 784 5 by by IN 12456 784 6 writing write VBG 12456 784 7 in in IN 12456 784 8 five five CD 12456 784 9 different different JJ 12456 784 10 languages language NNS 12456 784 11 . . . 12456 785 1 He -PRON- PRP 12456 785 2 found find VBD 12456 785 3 a a DT 12456 785 4 ready ready JJ 12456 785 5 welcome welcome NN 12456 785 6 from from IN 12456 785 7 Bonifacio Bonifacio NNP 12456 785 8 II II NNP 12456 785 9 . . . 12456 786 1 at at IN 12456 786 2 the the DT 12456 786 3 court court NN 12456 786 4 of of IN 12456 786 5 Montferrat Montferrat NNP 12456 786 6 which which WDT 12456 786 7 Peire Peire NNP 12456 786 8 Vidal Vidal NNP 12456 786 9 also also RB 12456 786 10 visited visit VBD 12456 786 11 . . . 12456 787 1 The the DT 12456 787 2 marquis marquis NN 12456 787 3 dubbed dub VBD 12456 787 4 him -PRON- PRP 12456 787 5 knight knight VBD 12456 787 6 and and CC 12456 787 7 made make VBD 12456 787 8 him -PRON- PRP 12456 787 9 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 787 10 brother brother NN 12456 787 11 in in IN 12456 787 12 arms arm NNS 12456 787 13 . . . 12456 788 1 Raimbaut Raimbaut NNP 12456 788 2 fell fall VBD 12456 788 3 in in IN 12456 788 4 love love NN 12456 788 5 with with IN 12456 788 6 Beatrice Beatrice NNP 12456 788 7 , , , 12456 788 8 the the DT 12456 788 9 sister sister NN 12456 788 10 of of IN 12456 788 11 the the DT 12456 788 12 marquis marquis NN 12456 788 13 , , , 12456 788 14 an an DT 12456 788 15 intimacy intimacy NN 12456 788 16 which which WDT 12456 788 17 proceeded proceed VBD 12456 788 18 upon upon IN 12456 788 19 the the DT 12456 788 20 regular regular JJ 12456 788 21 lines line NNS 12456 788 22 of of IN 12456 788 23 courtly courtly RB 12456 788 24 love love NN 12456 788 25 . . . 12456 789 1 He -PRON- PRP 12456 789 2 soon soon RB 12456 789 3 found find VBD 12456 789 4 an an DT 12456 789 5 opportunity opportunity NN 12456 789 6 of of IN 12456 789 7 showing show VBG 12456 789 8 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 789 9 devotion devotion NN 12456 789 10 to to IN 12456 789 11 the the DT 12456 789 12 marquis marquis NN 12456 789 13 . . . 12456 790 1 In in IN 12456 790 2 1194 1194 CD 12456 790 3 Henry Henry NNP 12456 790 4 VI VI NNP 12456 790 5 . . . 12456 791 1 [ [ -LRB- 12456 791 2 98 98 CD 12456 791 3 ] ] -RRB- 12456 791 4 made make VBD 12456 791 5 an an DT 12456 791 6 expedition expedition NN 12456 791 7 to to IN 12456 791 8 Sicily Sicily NNP 12456 791 9 to to TO 12456 791 10 secure secure VB 12456 791 11 the the DT 12456 791 12 claims claim NNS 12456 791 13 of of IN 12456 791 14 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 791 15 wife wife NN 12456 791 16 , , , 12456 791 17 Constance Constance NNP 12456 791 18 , , , 12456 791 19 to to IN 12456 791 20 that that DT 12456 791 21 kingdom kingdom NN 12456 791 22 : : : 12456 791 23 the the DT 12456 791 24 Marquis Marquis NNP 12456 791 25 Boniface Boniface NNP 12456 791 26 as as IN 12456 791 27 a a DT 12456 791 28 vassal vassal NN 12456 791 29 of of IN 12456 791 30 the the DT 12456 791 31 imperial imperial JJ 12456 791 32 house house NNP 12456 791 33 followed follow VBD 12456 791 34 the the DT 12456 791 35 Emperor Emperor NNP 12456 791 36 and and CC 12456 791 37 Raimbaut Raimbaut NNP 12456 791 38 accompanied accompany VBD 12456 791 39 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 791 40 contingent contingent NN 12456 791 41 . . . 12456 792 1 He -PRON- PRP 12456 792 2 refers refer VBZ 12456 792 3 to to IN 12456 792 4 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 792 5 share share NN 12456 792 6 in in IN 12456 792 7 the the DT 12456 792 8 campaign campaign NN 12456 792 9 in in IN 12456 792 10 a a DT 12456 792 11 later later JJ 12456 792 12 letter letter NN 12456 792 13 to to IN 12456 792 14 the the DT 12456 792 15 marquis marquis NN 12456 792 16 . . . 12456 793 1 [ [ -LRB- 12456 793 2 30 30 CD 12456 793 3 ] ] -RRB- 12456 793 4 Et et NN 12456 793 5 ai ai VBP 12456 793 6 per per IN 12456 793 7 vos vos NN 12456 793 8 estat estat VB 12456 793 9 en en IN 12456 793 10 greu greu NN 12456 793 11 preyzo preyzo NNP 12456 793 12 Per per IN 12456 793 13 vostra vostra NNP 12456 793 14 guerra guerra NNP 12456 793 15 e e NNP 12456 793 16 n'ai n'ai NNP 12456 793 17 a a DT 12456 793 18 vostro vostro NN 12456 793 19 pro pro JJ 12456 793 20 Fag Fag NNP 12456 793 21 may may MD 12456 793 22 nt not RB 12456 793 23 assaut assaut VB 12456 793 24 et et FW 12456 793 25 ars ars NNP 12456 793 26 maynta maynta NNP 12456 793 27 maiso maiso NNP 12456 793 28 Et Et NNP 12456 793 29 a a DT 12456 793 30 Messina Messina NNP 12456 793 31 vos vos NN 12456 793 32 cobri cobri VBZ 12456 793 33 del del NNP 12456 793 34 blizo blizo NNP 12456 793 35 ; ; : 12456 793 36 En En NNP 12456 793 37 la la NNP 12456 793 38 batalha batalha VBP 12456 793 39 vos vos NNP 12456 793 40 vinc vinc NNS 12456 793 41 en en IN 12456 793 42 tal tal NN 12456 793 43 sazo sazo NN 12456 793 44 Que·us Que·us NNP 12456 793 45 ferion ferion NN 12456 793 46 pel pel NNP 12456 793 47 pietz pietz NNP 12456 793 48 e e NNP 12456 793 49 pel pel NNP 12456 793 50 mento mento NNP 12456 793 51 Dartz Dartz NNP 12456 793 52 e e NNP 12456 793 53 cairels cairel NNS 12456 793 54 , , , 12456 793 55 sagetas sagetas NNP 12456 793 56 e e NNP 12456 793 57 trenso trenso NNP 12456 793 58 . . . 12456 794 1 " " `` 12456 794 2 For for IN 12456 794 3 your -PRON- PRP$ 12456 794 4 sake sake NN 12456 794 5 I -PRON- PRP 12456 794 6 have have VBP 12456 794 7 been be VBN 12456 794 8 in in IN 12456 794 9 hard hard JJ 12456 794 10 captivity captivity NN 12456 794 11 in in IN 12456 794 12 your -PRON- PRP$ 12456 794 13 war war NN 12456 794 14 , , , 12456 794 15 and and CC 12456 794 16 to to TO 12456 794 17 do do VB 12456 794 18 you -PRON- PRP 12456 794 19 service service NN 12456 794 20 I -PRON- PRP 12456 794 21 have have VBP 12456 794 22 made make VBN 12456 794 23 many many PDT 12456 794 24 an an DT 12456 794 25 assault assault NN 12456 794 26 and and CC 12456 794 27 burned burn VBD 12456 794 28 many many JJ 12456 794 29 a a DT 12456 794 30 house house NN 12456 794 31 . . . 12456 795 1 At at IN 12456 795 2 Messina Messina NNP 12456 795 3 I -PRON- PRP 12456 795 4 covered cover VBD 12456 795 5 you -PRON- PRP 12456 795 6 with with IN 12456 795 7 the the DT 12456 795 8 shield shield NN 12456 795 9 ; ; : 12456 795 10 I -PRON- PRP 12456 795 11 came come VBD 12456 795 12 to to IN 12456 795 13 you -PRON- PRP 12456 795 14 in in IN 12456 795 15 the the DT 12456 795 16 battle battle NN 12456 795 17 at at IN 12456 795 18 the the DT 12456 795 19 moment moment NN 12456 795 20 when when WRB 12456 795 21 they -PRON- PRP 12456 795 22 hurled hurl VBD 12456 795 23 at at IN 12456 795 24 your -PRON- PRP$ 12456 795 25 breast breast NN 12456 795 26 and and CC 12456 795 27 chin chin NN 12456 795 28 darts dart NNS 12456 795 29 and and CC 12456 795 30 quarrels quarrel NNS 12456 795 31 , , , 12456 795 32 arrows arrow NNS 12456 795 33 and and CC 12456 795 34 lance lance NN 12456 795 35 - - HYPH 12456 795 36 shafts shaft NNS 12456 795 37 . . . 12456 795 38 " " '' 12456 796 1 The the DT 12456 796 2 captivity captivity NN 12456 796 3 was be VBD 12456 796 4 endured endure VBN 12456 796 5 in in IN 12456 796 6 the the DT 12456 796 7 course course NN 12456 796 8 of of IN 12456 796 9 the the DT 12456 796 10 marquis marquis NN 12456 796 11 's 's POS 12456 796 12 wars war NNS 12456 796 13 in in IN 12456 796 14 Italy Italy NNP 12456 796 15 , , , 12456 796 16 and and CC 12456 796 17 the the DT 12456 796 18 troubadour troubadour JJ 12456 796 19 refers refer VBZ 12456 796 20 to to IN 12456 796 21 a a DT 12456 796 22 seafight seafight NN 12456 796 23 between between IN 12456 796 24 the the DT 12456 796 25 forces force NNS 12456 796 26 of of IN 12456 796 27 Genoa Genoa NNP 12456 796 28 and and CC 12456 796 29 Pisa Pisa NNP 12456 796 30 in in IN 12456 796 31 the the DT 12456 796 32 Sicilian sicilian JJ 12456 796 33 campaign campaign NN 12456 796 34 . . . 12456 797 1 In in IN 12456 797 2 1202 1202 CD 12456 797 3 he -PRON- PRP 12456 797 4 followed follow VBD 12456 797 5 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 797 6 master master NN 12456 797 7 upon upon IN 12456 797 8 the the DT 12456 797 9 crusade crusade NN 12456 797 10 which which WDT 12456 797 11 practically practically RB 12456 797 12 ended end VBD 12456 797 13 at at IN 12456 797 14 Constantinople Constantinople NNP 12456 797 15 . . . 12456 798 1 He -PRON- PRP 12456 798 2 had have VBD 12456 798 3 composed compose VBN 12456 798 4 a a DT 12456 798 5 vigorous vigorous JJ 12456 798 6 _ _ NNP 12456 798 7 sirventes sirvente NNS 12456 798 8 _ _ IN 12456 798 9 urging urge VBG 12456 798 10 Christian christian JJ 12456 798 11 men man NNS 12456 798 12 to to TO 12456 798 13 join join VB 12456 798 14 the the DT 12456 798 15 movement movement NN 12456 798 16 , , , 12456 798 17 but but CC 12456 798 18 he -PRON- PRP 12456 798 19 does do VBZ 12456 798 20 not not RB 12456 798 21 himself -PRON- PRP 12456 798 22 show show VB 12456 798 23 any any DT 12456 798 24 great great JJ 12456 798 25 enthusiasm enthusiasm NN 12456 798 26 to to TO 12456 798 27 take take VB 12456 798 28 the the DT 12456 798 29 [ [ -LRB- 12456 798 30 99 99 CD 12456 798 31 ] ] -RRB- 12456 798 32 cross cross NN 12456 798 33 . . . 12456 799 1 " " `` 12456 799 2 I -PRON- PRP 12456 799 3 would would MD 12456 799 4 rather rather RB 12456 799 5 , , , 12456 799 6 if if IN 12456 799 7 it -PRON- PRP 12456 799 8 please please UH 12456 799 9 you -PRON- PRP 12456 799 10 , , , 12456 799 11 die die VB 12456 799 12 in in IN 12456 799 13 that that DT 12456 799 14 land land NN 12456 799 15 than than IN 12456 799 16 live live VB 12456 799 17 and and CC 12456 799 18 remain remain VBP 12456 799 19 here here RB 12456 799 20 . . . 12456 800 1 For for IN 12456 800 2 us -PRON- PRP 12456 800 3 God God NNP 12456 800 4 was be VBD 12456 800 5 raised raise VBN 12456 800 6 upon upon IN 12456 800 7 the the DT 12456 800 8 cross cross NN 12456 800 9 , , , 12456 800 10 received receive VBD 12456 800 11 death death NN 12456 800 12 , , , 12456 800 13 suffered suffer VBD 12456 800 14 the the DT 12456 800 15 passion passion NN 12456 800 16 , , , 12456 800 17 was be VBD 12456 800 18 scourged scourge VBN 12456 800 19 and and CC 12456 800 20 loaded load VBN 12456 800 21 with with IN 12456 800 22 chains chain NNS 12456 800 23 and and CC 12456 800 24 crowned crown VBN 12456 800 25 with with IN 12456 800 26 thorns thorn NNS 12456 800 27 upon upon IN 12456 800 28 the the DT 12456 800 29 cross cross NN 12456 800 30 .... .... . 12456 800 31 Fair Fair NNP 12456 800 32 Cavalier Cavalier NNP 12456 800 33 ( ( -LRB- 12456 800 34 i.e. i.e. FW 12456 801 1 Beatrice Beatrice NNP 12456 801 2 ) ) -RRB- 12456 801 3 I -PRON- PRP 12456 801 4 know know VBP 12456 801 5 not not RB 12456 801 6 whether whether IN 12456 801 7 I -PRON- PRP 12456 801 8 shall shall MD 12456 801 9 stay stay VB 12456 801 10 for for IN 12456 801 11 your -PRON- PRP$ 12456 801 12 sake sake NN 12456 801 13 or or CC 12456 801 14 take take VB 12456 801 15 the the DT 12456 801 16 cross cross NN 12456 801 17 ; ; : 12456 801 18 I -PRON- PRP 12456 801 19 know know VBP 12456 801 20 not not RB 12456 801 21 whether whether IN 12456 801 22 I -PRON- PRP 12456 801 23 shall shall MD 12456 801 24 go go VB 12456 801 25 or or CC 12456 801 26 remain remain VB 12456 801 27 , , , 12456 801 28 for for IN 12456 801 29 I -PRON- PRP 12456 801 30 die die VBP 12456 801 31 with with IN 12456 801 32 grief grief NN 12456 801 33 if if IN 12456 801 34 I -PRON- PRP 12456 801 35 see see VBP 12456 801 36 you -PRON- PRP 12456 801 37 and and CC 12456 801 38 I -PRON- PRP 12456 801 39 am be VBP 12456 801 40 like like JJ 12456 801 41 to to TO 12456 801 42 die die VB 12456 801 43 if if IN 12456 801 44 I -PRON- PRP 12456 801 45 am be VBP 12456 801 46 far far RB 12456 801 47 from from IN 12456 801 48 you -PRON- PRP 12456 801 49 . . . 12456 801 50 " " '' 12456 802 1 So so RB 12456 802 2 also also RB 12456 802 3 in in IN 12456 802 4 the the DT 12456 802 5 letter letter NN 12456 802 6 quoted quote VBN 12456 802 7 above above RB 12456 802 8 . . . 12456 803 1 E E NNP 12456 803 2 ca can MD 12456 803 3 nt not RB 12456 803 4 anetz anetz VB 12456 803 5 per per IN 12456 803 6 crozar crozar NN 12456 803 7 a a DT 12456 803 8 Saysso Saysso NNP 12456 803 9 , , , 12456 803 10 Ieu Ieu NNP 12456 803 11 non non AFX 12456 803 12 avia avia NNP 12456 803 13 cor cor NNP 12456 803 14 -- -- : 12456 803 15 Dieus Dieus NNP 12456 803 16 m'o m'o RB 12456 803 17 perdo-- perdo-- NNP 12456 803 18 Que Que NNP 12456 803 19 passes pass VBZ 12456 803 20 mar mar NNP 12456 803 21 , , , 12456 803 22 mas mas NNP 12456 803 23 per per IN 12456 803 24 vostre vostre NNP 12456 803 25 resso resso VBP 12456 803 26 Levey Levey NNP 12456 803 27 la la NNP 12456 803 28 crotz crotz NNP 12456 803 29 e e NNP 12456 803 30 pris pris NNP 12456 803 31 confessio confessio NNP 12456 803 32 . . . 12456 804 1 " " `` 12456 804 2 And and CC 12456 804 3 when when WRB 12456 804 4 you -PRON- PRP 12456 804 5 went go VBD 12456 804 6 to to IN 12456 804 7 Soissons soisson NNS 12456 804 8 to to TO 12456 804 9 take take VB 12456 804 10 the the DT 12456 804 11 cross cross NN 12456 804 12 , , , 12456 804 13 I -PRON- PRP 12456 804 14 did do VBD 12456 804 15 not not RB 12456 804 16 intend intend VB 12456 804 17 -- -- : 12456 804 18 may may MD 12456 804 19 God God NNP 12456 804 20 forgive forgive VB 12456 804 21 me -PRON- PRP 12456 804 22 -- -- : 12456 804 23 to to TO 12456 804 24 cross cross VB 12456 804 25 the the DT 12456 804 26 sea sea NN 12456 804 27 , , , 12456 804 28 but but CC 12456 804 29 to to TO 12456 804 30 increase increase VB 12456 804 31 your -PRON- PRP$ 12456 804 32 fame fame NN 12456 804 33 I -PRON- PRP 12456 804 34 took take VBD 12456 804 35 the the DT 12456 804 36 cross cross NN 12456 804 37 and and CC 12456 804 38 made make VBD 12456 804 39 confession confession NN 12456 804 40 . . . 12456 804 41 " " '' 12456 805 1 The the DT 12456 805 2 count count NN 12456 805 3 lost lose VBD 12456 805 4 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 805 5 life life NN 12456 805 6 , , , 12456 805 7 as as IN 12456 805 8 Villehardouin Villehardouin NNP 12456 805 9 relates relate VBZ 12456 805 10 , , , 12456 805 11 in in IN 12456 805 12 a a DT 12456 805 13 skirmish skirmish NN 12456 805 14 with with IN 12456 805 15 the the DT 12456 805 16 Bulgarians Bulgarians NNPS 12456 805 17 in in IN 12456 805 18 1207 1207 CD 12456 805 19 . . . 12456 806 1 Raimbaut Raimbaut NNP 12456 806 2 de de FW 12456 806 3 Vaqueiras Vaqueiras NNP 12456 806 4 probably probably RB 12456 806 5 fell fall VBD 12456 806 6 at at IN 12456 806 7 the the DT 12456 806 8 same same JJ 12456 806 9 time time NN 12456 806 10 . . . 12456 807 1 This this DT 12456 807 2 is be VBZ 12456 807 3 enough enough JJ 12456 807 4 to to TO 12456 807 5 show show VB 12456 807 6 that that IN 12456 807 7 troubadours troubadour VBZ 12456 807 8 who who WP 12456 807 9 came come VBD 12456 807 10 to to IN 12456 807 11 Italy Italy NNP 12456 807 12 could could MD 12456 807 13 make make VB 12456 807 14 the the DT 12456 807 15 country country NN 12456 807 16 a a DT 12456 807 17 second second JJ 12456 807 18 home home NN 12456 807 19 , , , 12456 807 20 and and CC 12456 807 21 find find VB 12456 807 22 as as RB 12456 807 23 much much JJ 12456 807 24 occupation occupation NN 12456 807 25 in in IN 12456 807 26 love love NN 12456 807 27 , , , 12456 807 28 war war NN 12456 807 29 and and CC 12456 807 30 politics politic NNS 12456 807 31 as as IN 12456 807 32 they -PRON- PRP 12456 807 33 had have VBD 12456 807 34 ever ever RB 12456 807 35 found find VBN 12456 807 36 in in IN 12456 807 37 Southern Southern NNP 12456 807 38 France France NNP 12456 807 39 . . . 12456 808 1 Aimeric Aimeric NNP 12456 808 2 de de NNP 12456 808 3 Pegulhan Pegulhan NNP 12456 808 4 , , , 12456 808 5 Gaucelm Gaucelm NNP 12456 808 6 Faidit Faidit NNP 12456 808 7 , , , 12456 808 8 Uc Uc NNP 12456 808 9 de de FW 12456 808 10 Saint Saint NNP 12456 808 11 - - HYPH 12456 808 12 Circ,[31 Circ,[31 NNP 12456 808 13 ] ] -RRB- 12456 808 14 the the DT 12456 808 15 author author NN 12456 808 16 of of IN 12456 808 17 some some DT 12456 808 18 troubadour troubadour JJ 12456 808 19 [ [ -LRB- 12456 808 20 100 100 CD 12456 808 21 ] ] -RRB- 12456 808 22 biographies biography NNS 12456 808 23 , , , 12456 808 24 were be VBD 12456 808 25 among among IN 12456 808 26 the the DT 12456 808 27 best good JJS 12456 808 28 known known JJ 12456 808 29 of of IN 12456 808 30 those those DT 12456 808 31 who who WP 12456 808 32 visited visit VBD 12456 808 33 Italy Italy NNP 12456 808 34 . . . 12456 809 1 The the DT 12456 809 2 last last JJ 12456 809 3 named name VBN 12456 809 4 is be VBZ 12456 809 5 known know VBN 12456 809 6 to to TO 12456 809 7 have have VB 12456 809 8 visited visit VBN 12456 809 9 Pisa Pisa NNP 12456 809 10 and and CC 12456 809 11 another another DT 12456 809 12 troubadour troubadour NN 12456 809 13 of of IN 12456 809 14 minor minor JJ 12456 809 15 importance importance NN 12456 809 16 , , , 12456 809 17 Guillem Guillem NNP 12456 809 18 de de NNP 12456 809 19 la la NNP 12456 809 20 Tor Tor NNP 12456 809 21 , , , 12456 809 22 was be VBD 12456 809 23 in in IN 12456 809 24 Florence Florence NNP 12456 809 25 . . . 12456 810 1 Thus thus RB 12456 810 2 the the DT 12456 810 3 visits visit NNS 12456 810 4 of of IN 12456 810 5 the the DT 12456 810 6 troubadours troubadour NNS 12456 810 7 were be VBD 12456 810 8 by by IN 12456 810 9 no no DT 12456 810 10 means means NN 12456 810 11 confined confine VBN 12456 810 12 to to IN 12456 810 13 the the DT 12456 810 14 north north NN 12456 810 15 . . . 12456 811 1 It -PRON- PRP 12456 811 2 was be VBD 12456 811 3 , , , 12456 811 4 therefore therefore RB 12456 811 5 , , , 12456 811 6 natural natural JJ 12456 811 7 that that IN 12456 811 8 Italians Italians NNPS 12456 811 9 should should MD 12456 811 10 imitate imitate VB 12456 811 11 the the DT 12456 811 12 troubadours troubadour NNS 12456 811 13 whose whose WP$ 12456 811 14 art art NN 12456 811 15 proved prove VBD 12456 811 16 so so RB 12456 811 17 successful successful JJ 12456 811 18 at at IN 12456 811 19 Italian italian JJ 12456 811 20 courts court NNS 12456 811 21 and and CC 12456 811 22 some some DT 12456 811 23 thirty thirty CD 12456 811 24 Italian italian JJ 12456 811 25 troubadours troubadour NNS 12456 811 26 are be VBP 12456 811 27 known know VBN 12456 811 28 to to IN 12456 811 29 us -PRON- PRP 12456 811 30 . . . 12456 812 1 Count Count NNP 12456 812 2 Manfred Manfred NNP 12456 812 3 II II NNP 12456 812 4 . . . 12456 813 1 and and CC 12456 813 2 Albert Albert NNP 12456 813 3 , , , 12456 813 4 the the DT 12456 813 5 Marquis Marquis NNP 12456 813 6 of of IN 12456 813 7 Malaspina Malaspina NNP 12456 813 8 , , , 12456 813 9 engaged engage VBN 12456 813 10 in in IN 12456 813 11 _ _ NNP 12456 813 12 tensos tensos JJ 12456 813 13 _ _ NNP 12456 813 14 with with IN 12456 813 15 Peire Peire NNP 12456 813 16 Vidal Vidal NNP 12456 813 17 and and CC 12456 813 18 Raimbaut Raimbaut NNP 12456 813 19 de de NNP 12456 813 20 Vaqueiras Vaqueiras NNP 12456 813 21 respectively respectively RB 12456 813 22 and and CC 12456 813 23 are be VBP 12456 813 24 the the DT 12456 813 25 first first JJ 12456 813 26 Italians Italians NNPS 12456 813 27 known know VBN 12456 813 28 to to TO 12456 813 29 have have VB 12456 813 30 written write VBN 12456 813 31 in in IN 12456 813 32 Provençal Provençal NNP 12456 813 33 . . . 12456 814 1 Genoa Genoa NNP 12456 814 2 produced produce VBD 12456 814 3 a a DT 12456 814 4 number number NN 12456 814 5 of of IN 12456 814 6 Italian italian JJ 12456 814 7 troubadours troubadour NNS 12456 814 8 of of IN 12456 814 9 whom whom WP 12456 814 10 the the DT 12456 814 11 best good JJS 12456 814 12 were be VBD 12456 814 13 Lanfranc Lanfranc NNP 12456 814 14 Cigala Cigala NNP 12456 814 15 and and CC 12456 814 16 Bonifacio Bonifacio NNP 12456 814 17 Calvo Calvo NNP 12456 814 18 . . . 12456 815 1 The the DT 12456 815 2 latter latter NN 12456 815 3 was be VBD 12456 815 4 a a DT 12456 815 5 wanderer wanderer NN 12456 815 6 and and CC 12456 815 7 spent spend VBN 12456 815 8 some some DT 12456 815 9 time time NN 12456 815 10 in in IN 12456 815 11 Castile Castile NNP 12456 815 12 at at IN 12456 815 13 the the DT 12456 815 14 court court NN 12456 815 15 of of IN 12456 815 16 Alfonso Alfonso NNP 12456 815 17 X. X. NNP 12456 815 18 Lanfranc Lanfranc NNP 12456 815 19 Cigala Cigala NNP 12456 815 20 was be VBD 12456 815 21 a a DT 12456 815 22 judge judge NN 12456 815 23 in in IN 12456 815 24 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 815 25 native native JJ 12456 815 26 town town NN 12456 815 27 : : : 12456 815 28 from from IN 12456 815 29 him -PRON- PRP 12456 815 30 survive survive VBP 12456 815 31 a a DT 12456 815 32 _ _ NNP 12456 815 33 sirventes sirvente NNS 12456 815 34 _ _ NNP 12456 815 35 against against IN 12456 815 36 Bonifacio Bonifacio NNP 12456 815 37 III III NNP 12456 815 38 . . . 12456 816 1 of of IN 12456 816 2 Montferrat Montferrat NNP 12456 816 3 who who WP 12456 816 4 had have VBD 12456 816 5 abandoned abandon VBN 12456 816 6 the the DT 12456 816 7 cause cause NN 12456 816 8 of of IN 12456 816 9 Frederick Frederick NNP 12456 816 10 II II NNP 12456 816 11 . . NNP 12456 816 12 , , , 12456 816 13 crusade crusade NN 12456 816 14 poems poem NNS 12456 816 15 and and CC 12456 816 16 a a DT 12456 816 17 _ _ NNP 12456 816 18 sirventes sirvente NNS 12456 816 19 _ _ NNP 12456 816 20 against against IN 12456 816 21 the the DT 12456 816 22 obscure obscure JJ 12456 816 23 style style NN 12456 816 24 . . . 12456 817 1 The the DT 12456 817 2 Venetian Venetian NNP 12456 817 3 Bartolomeo Bartolomeo NNP 12456 817 4 Zorzi Zorzi NNP 12456 817 5 was be VBD 12456 817 6 a a DT 12456 817 7 prisoner prisoner NN 12456 817 8 at at IN 12456 817 9 Genoa Genoa NNP 12456 817 10 from from IN 12456 817 11 1266 1266 CD 12456 817 12 to to IN 12456 817 13 1273 1273 CD 12456 817 14 , , , 12456 817 15 having have VBG 12456 817 16 been be VBN 12456 817 17 captured capture VBN 12456 817 18 by by IN 12456 817 19 the the DT 12456 817 20 Genoese Genoese NNPS 12456 817 21 . . . 12456 818 1 The the DT 12456 818 2 troubadour troubadour NN 12456 818 3 of of IN 12456 818 4 Genoa Genoa NNP 12456 818 5 , , , 12456 818 6 Bonifacio Bonifacio NNP 12456 818 7 Calvo Calvo NNP 12456 818 8 , , , 12456 818 9 had have VBD 12456 818 10 written write VBN 12456 818 11 a a DT 12456 818 12 vigorous vigorous JJ 12456 818 13 invective invective NN 12456 818 14 against against IN 12456 818 15 Venice Venice NNP 12456 818 16 , , , 12456 818 17 to to TO 12456 818 18 which which WDT 12456 818 19 the the DT 12456 818 20 captive captive JJ 12456 818 21 troubadour troubadour NN 12456 818 22 composed compose VBD 12456 818 23 an an DT 12456 818 24 equally equally RB 12456 818 25 strong strong JJ 12456 818 26 reply reply NN 12456 818 27 addressed address VBD 12456 818 28 [ [ -LRB- 12456 818 29 101 101 CD 12456 818 30 ] ] -RRB- 12456 818 31 to to IN 12456 818 32 Bonifacio Bonifacio NNP 12456 818 33 Calvo Calvo NNP 12456 818 34 ; ; : 12456 818 35 the the DT 12456 818 36 latter latter JJ 12456 818 37 sought seek VBD 12456 818 38 him -PRON- PRP 12456 818 39 out out RP 12456 818 40 and and CC 12456 818 41 the the DT 12456 818 42 two two CD 12456 818 43 troubadours troubadour NNS 12456 818 44 became become VBD 12456 818 45 friends friend NNS 12456 818 46 . . . 12456 819 1 The the DT 12456 819 2 most most RBS 12456 819 3 famous famous JJ 12456 819 4 , , , 12456 819 5 however however RB 12456 819 6 , , , 12456 819 7 of of IN 12456 819 8 the the DT 12456 819 9 Italian italian JJ 12456 819 10 troubadours troubadour NNS 12456 819 11 is be VBZ 12456 819 12 certainly certainly RB 12456 819 13 Sordello Sordello NNP 12456 819 14 . . . 12456 820 1 There there EX 12456 820 2 is be VBZ 12456 820 3 much much JJ 12456 820 4 uncertainty uncertainty NN 12456 820 5 concerning concern VBG 12456 820 6 the the DT 12456 820 7 facts fact NNS 12456 820 8 of of IN 12456 820 9 Sordello Sordello NNP 12456 820 10 's 's POS 12456 820 11 life life NN 12456 820 12 ; ; : 12456 820 13 he -PRON- PRP 12456 820 14 was be VBD 12456 820 15 born bear VBN 12456 820 16 at at IN 12456 820 17 Goito Goito NNP 12456 820 18 , , , 12456 820 19 near near IN 12456 820 20 Mantua Mantua NNP 12456 820 21 , , , 12456 820 22 and and CC 12456 820 23 was be VBD 12456 820 24 of of IN 12456 820 25 noble noble JJ 12456 820 26 family family NN 12456 820 27 . . . 12456 821 1 His -PRON- PRP$ 12456 821 2 name name NN 12456 821 3 is be VBZ 12456 821 4 not not RB 12456 821 5 to to TO 12456 821 6 be be VB 12456 821 7 derived derive VBN 12456 821 8 from from IN 12456 821 9 _ _ NNP 12456 821 10 sordidus sordidus NNP 12456 821 11 _ _ NNP 12456 821 12 , , , 12456 821 13 but but CC 12456 821 14 from from IN 12456 821 15 _ _ NNP 12456 821 16 Surdus Surdus NNP 12456 821 17 _ _ NNP 12456 821 18 , , , 12456 821 19 a a DT 12456 821 20 not not RB 12456 821 21 uncommon uncommon JJ 12456 821 22 patronymic patronymic NN 12456 821 23 in in IN 12456 821 24 North North NNP 12456 821 25 Italy Italy NNP 12456 821 26 during during IN 12456 821 27 the the DT 12456 821 28 thirteenth thirteenth JJ 12456 821 29 century century NN 12456 821 30 . . . 12456 822 1 Of of IN 12456 822 2 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 822 3 early early JJ 12456 822 4 years year NNS 12456 822 5 nothing nothing NN 12456 822 6 is be VBZ 12456 822 7 known know VBN 12456 822 8 : : : 12456 822 9 at at IN 12456 822 10 some some DT 12456 822 11 period period NN 12456 822 12 of of IN 12456 822 13 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 822 14 youth youth NN 12456 822 15 he -PRON- PRP 12456 822 16 entered enter VBD 12456 822 17 the the DT 12456 822 18 court court NN 12456 822 19 of of IN 12456 822 20 Count Count NNP 12456 822 21 Ricciardo Ricciardo NNP 12456 822 22 di di FW 12456 822 23 san san NNP 12456 822 24 Bonifazio Bonifazio NNP 12456 822 25 , , , 12456 822 26 the the DT 12456 822 27 lord lord NNP 12456 822 28 of of IN 12456 822 29 Verona Verona NNP 12456 822 30 , , , 12456 822 31 where where WRB 12456 822 32 he -PRON- PRP 12456 822 33 fell fall VBD 12456 822 34 in in IN 12456 822 35 love love NN 12456 822 36 with with IN 12456 822 37 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 822 38 master master NN 12456 822 39 's 's POS 12456 822 40 wife wife NN 12456 822 41 , , , 12456 822 42 Cunizza Cunizza NNP 12456 822 43 da da NNP 12456 822 44 Romano Romano NNP 12456 822 45 ( ( -LRB- 12456 822 46 Dante Dante NNP 12456 822 47 , , , 12456 822 48 _ _ NNP 12456 822 49 Par Par NNP 12456 822 50 . . . 12456 822 51 _ _ NNP 12456 822 52 ix ix NNP 12456 822 53 . . . 12456 823 1 32 32 CD 12456 823 2 ) ) -RRB- 12456 823 3 , , , 12456 823 4 and and CC 12456 823 5 eloped elope VBN 12456 823 6 with with IN 12456 823 7 her -PRON- PRP 12456 823 8 . . . 12456 824 1 The the DT 12456 824 2 details detail NNS 12456 824 3 of of IN 12456 824 4 this this DT 12456 824 5 affair affair NN 12456 824 6 are be VBP 12456 824 7 entirely entirely RB 12456 824 8 obscure obscure JJ 12456 824 9 ; ; : 12456 824 10 according accord VBG 12456 824 11 to to IN 12456 824 12 some some DT 12456 824 13 commentators commentator NNS 12456 824 14 , , , 12456 824 15 it -PRON- PRP 12456 824 16 was be VBD 12456 824 17 the the DT 12456 824 18 final final JJ 12456 824 19 outcome outcome NN 12456 824 20 of of IN 12456 824 21 a a DT 12456 824 22 family family NN 12456 824 23 feud feud NN 12456 824 24 , , , 12456 824 25 while while IN 12456 824 26 others other NNS 12456 824 27 assert assert VBP 12456 824 28 that that IN 12456 824 29 the the DT 12456 824 30 elopement elopement NN 12456 824 31 took take VBD 12456 824 32 place place NN 12456 824 33 with with IN 12456 824 34 the the DT 12456 824 35 connivance connivance NN 12456 824 36 of of IN 12456 824 37 Cunizza Cunizza NNP 12456 824 38 's 's POS 12456 824 39 brother brother NN 12456 824 40 , , , 12456 824 41 the the DT 12456 824 42 notorious notorious JJ 12456 824 43 Ezzelino Ezzelino NNP 12456 824 44 III III NNP 12456 824 45 . . . 12456 825 1 ( ( -LRB- 12456 825 2 _ _ NNP 12456 825 3 Inf Inf NNP 12456 825 4 _ _ NNP 12456 825 5 . . . 12456 826 1 xii xii NNP 12456 826 2 . . . 12456 827 1 110 110 CD 12456 827 2 ) ) -RRB- 12456 827 3 : : : 12456 827 4 the the DT 12456 827 5 date date NN 12456 827 6 is be VBZ 12456 827 7 approximately approximately RB 12456 827 8 1225 1225 CD 12456 827 9 . . . 12456 828 1 At at IN 12456 828 2 any any DT 12456 828 3 rate rate NN 12456 828 4 , , , 12456 828 5 Sordello Sordello NNP 12456 828 6 and and CC 12456 828 7 Cunizza Cunizza NNP 12456 828 8 betook betook VBP 12456 828 9 themselves -PRON- PRP 12456 828 10 to to IN 12456 828 11 Ezzelino Ezzelino NNP 12456 828 12 's 's POS 12456 828 13 court court NN 12456 828 14 . . . 12456 829 1 Then then RB 12456 829 2 , , , 12456 829 3 according accord VBG 12456 829 4 to to IN 12456 829 5 the the DT 12456 829 6 Provençal Provençal NNP 12456 829 7 biography biography NN 12456 829 8 , , , 12456 829 9 follows follow VBZ 12456 829 10 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 829 11 secret secret JJ 12456 829 12 marriage marriage NN 12456 829 13 with with IN 12456 829 14 Otta Otta NNP 12456 829 15 , , , 12456 829 16 and and CC 12456 829 17 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 829 18 flight flight NN 12456 829 19 from from IN 12456 829 20 Treviso Treviso NNP 12456 829 21 , , , 12456 829 22 to to TO 12456 829 23 escape escape VB 12456 829 24 the the DT 12456 829 25 vengeance vengeance NN 12456 829 26 of of IN 12456 829 27 her -PRON- PRP$ 12456 829 28 angry angry JJ 12456 829 29 relatives relative NNS 12456 829 30 . . . 12456 830 1 He -PRON- PRP 12456 830 2 thus thus RB 12456 830 3 left leave VBD 12456 830 4 Italy Italy NNP 12456 830 5 about about IN 12456 830 6 the the DT 12456 830 7 year year NN 12456 830 8 1229 1229 CD 12456 830 9 , , , 12456 830 10 and and CC 12456 830 11 retired retire VBD 12456 830 12 to to IN 12456 830 13 the the DT 12456 830 14 South South NNP 12456 830 15 of of IN 12456 830 16 France France NNP 12456 830 17 , , , 12456 830 18 where where WRB 12456 830 19 he -PRON- PRP 12456 830 20 visited visit VBD 12456 830 21 the the DT 12456 830 22 courts court NNS 12456 830 23 of of IN 12456 830 24 Provence Provence NNP 12456 830 25 , , , 12456 830 26 Toulouse Toulouse NNP 12456 830 27 , , , 12456 830 28 Roussillon roussillon NN 12456 830 29 , , , 12456 830 30 [ [ -LRB- 12456 830 31 102 102 CD 12456 830 32 ] ] -RRB- 12456 830 33 penetrating penetrating NN 12456 830 34 also also RB 12456 830 35 into into IN 12456 830 36 Castile Castile NNP 12456 830 37 . . . 12456 831 1 A a DT 12456 831 2 chief chief JJ 12456 831 3 authority authority NN 12456 831 4 for for IN 12456 831 5 these these DT 12456 831 6 wanderings wandering NNS 12456 831 7 is be VBZ 12456 831 8 the the DT 12456 831 9 troubadour troubadour JJ 12456 831 10 Peire Peire NNP 12456 831 11 Bremen Bremen NNP 12456 831 12 Ricas Ricas NNP 12456 831 13 Novas Novas NNP 12456 831 14 , , , 12456 831 15 whose whose WP$ 12456 831 16 _ _ NNP 12456 831 17 sirventes sirvente NNS 12456 831 18 _ _ NNP 12456 831 19 speaks speak VBZ 12456 831 20 of of IN 12456 831 21 him -PRON- PRP 12456 831 22 as as IN 12456 831 23 being be VBG 12456 831 24 in in IN 12456 831 25 Spain Spain NNP 12456 831 26 at at IN 12456 831 27 the the DT 12456 831 28 court court NN 12456 831 29 of of IN 12456 831 30 the the DT 12456 831 31 king king NN 12456 831 32 of of IN 12456 831 33 Leon Leon NNP 12456 831 34 : : : 12456 831 35 this this DT 12456 831 36 was be VBD 12456 831 37 Alfonso Alfonso NNP 12456 831 38 IX IX NNP 12456 831 39 . . . 12456 831 40 , , , 12456 831 41 who who WP 12456 831 42 died die VBD 12456 831 43 in in IN 12456 831 44 the the DT 12456 831 45 year year NN 12456 831 46 1230 1230 CD 12456 831 47 . . . 12456 832 1 He -PRON- PRP 12456 832 2 also also RB 12456 832 3 visited visit VBD 12456 832 4 Portugal Portugal NNP 12456 832 5 , , , 12456 832 6 but but CC 12456 832 7 for for IN 12456 832 8 this this DT 12456 832 9 no no DT 12456 832 10 date date NN 12456 832 11 can can MD 12456 832 12 be be VB 12456 832 13 assigned assign VBN 12456 832 14 . . . 12456 833 1 Allusions allusion NNS 12456 833 2 in in IN 12456 833 3 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 833 4 poems poem NNS 12456 833 5 show show VBP 12456 833 6 that that IN 12456 833 7 he -PRON- PRP 12456 833 8 was be VBD 12456 833 9 in in IN 12456 833 10 Provence Provence NNP 12456 833 11 before before IN 12456 833 12 1235 1235 CD 12456 833 13 : : : 12456 833 14 about about RB 12456 833 15 ten ten CD 12456 833 16 years year NNS 12456 833 17 later later RBR 12456 833 18 we -PRON- PRP 12456 833 19 find find VBP 12456 833 20 him -PRON- PRP 12456 833 21 at at IN 12456 833 22 the the DT 12456 833 23 court court NN 12456 833 24 of of IN 12456 833 25 the the DT 12456 833 26 Countess Countess NNP 12456 833 27 Beatrice Beatrice NNP 12456 833 28 ( ( -LRB- 12456 833 29 _ _ NNP 12456 833 30 Par Par NNP 12456 833 31 . . . 12456 833 32 _ _ NNP 12456 833 33 vi vi NNP 12456 833 34 . . . 12456 834 1 133 133 LS 12456 834 2 ) ) -RRB- 12456 834 3 , , , 12456 834 4 daughter daughter NN 12456 834 5 of of IN 12456 834 6 Raimon Raimon NNP 12456 834 7 Berengar Berengar NNP 12456 834 8 , , , 12456 834 9 Count Count NNP 12456 834 10 of of IN 12456 834 11 Provence Provence NNP 12456 834 12 , , , 12456 834 13 and and CC 12456 834 14 wife wife NN 12456 834 15 of of IN 12456 834 16 Charles Charles NNP 12456 834 17 I. I. NNP 12456 834 18 of of IN 12456 834 19 Anjou Anjou NNP 12456 834 20 . . . 12456 835 1 Beatrice Beatrice NNP 12456 835 2 may may MD 12456 835 3 have have VB 12456 835 4 been be VBN 12456 835 5 the the DT 12456 835 6 subject subject NN 12456 835 7 of of IN 12456 835 8 several several JJ 12456 835 9 of of IN 12456 835 10 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 835 11 love love NN 12456 835 12 poems poem NNS 12456 835 13 : : : 12456 835 14 but but CC 12456 835 15 the the DT 12456 835 16 " " `` 12456 835 17 senhal senhal NN 12456 835 18 " " '' 12456 835 19 Restaur Restaur NNP 12456 835 20 and and CC 12456 835 21 Agradiva Agradiva NNP 12456 835 22 , , , 12456 835 23 which which WDT 12456 835 24 conceal conceal VBP 12456 835 25 the the DT 12456 835 26 names name NNS 12456 835 27 possibly possibly RB 12456 835 28 of of IN 12456 835 29 more more JJR 12456 835 30 than than IN 12456 835 31 one one CD 12456 835 32 lady lady NN 12456 835 33 can can MD 12456 835 34 not not RB 12456 835 35 be be VB 12456 835 36 identified identify VBN 12456 835 37 . . . 12456 836 1 From from IN 12456 836 2 1252 1252 CD 12456 836 3 - - SYM 12456 836 4 1265 1265 CD 12456 836 5 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 836 6 name name NN 12456 836 7 appears appear VBZ 12456 836 8 in in IN 12456 836 9 several several JJ 12456 836 10 Angevin Angevin NNP 12456 836 11 treaties treaty NNS 12456 836 12 and and CC 12456 836 13 records record NNS 12456 836 14 , , , 12456 836 15 coupled couple VBN 12456 836 16 with with IN 12456 836 17 the the DT 12456 836 18 names name NNS 12456 836 19 of of IN 12456 836 20 other other JJ 12456 836 21 well well RB 12456 836 22 - - HYPH 12456 836 23 known know VBN 12456 836 24 nobles noble NNS 12456 836 25 , , , 12456 836 26 and and CC 12456 836 27 he -PRON- PRP 12456 836 28 would would MD 12456 836 29 appear appear VB 12456 836 30 to to TO 12456 836 31 have have VB 12456 836 32 held hold VBN 12456 836 33 a a DT 12456 836 34 high high JJ 12456 836 35 place place NN 12456 836 36 in in IN 12456 836 37 Charles Charles NNP 12456 836 38 ' ' POS 12456 836 39 esteem esteem NN 12456 836 40 . . . 12456 837 1 It -PRON- PRP 12456 837 2 is be VBZ 12456 837 3 uncertain uncertain JJ 12456 837 4 whether whether IN 12456 837 5 he -PRON- PRP 12456 837 6 took take VBD 12456 837 7 part part NN 12456 837 8 in in IN 12456 837 9 the the DT 12456 837 10 first first JJ 12456 837 11 crusade crusade NN 12456 837 12 of of IN 12456 837 13 St St NNP 12456 837 14 Louis Louis NNP 12456 837 15 , , , 12456 837 16 in in IN 12456 837 17 1248 1248 CD 12456 837 18 - - SYM 12456 837 19 1251 1251 CD 12456 837 20 , , , 12456 837 21 at at IN 12456 837 22 which which WDT 12456 837 23 Charles Charles NNP 12456 837 24 was be VBD 12456 837 25 present present JJ 12456 837 26 : : : 12456 837 27 but but CC 12456 837 28 he -PRON- PRP 12456 837 29 followed follow VBD 12456 837 30 Charles Charles NNP 12456 837 31 on on IN 12456 837 32 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 837 33 Italian italian JJ 12456 837 34 expedition expedition NN 12456 837 35 against against IN 12456 837 36 Manfred Manfred NNP 12456 837 37 in in IN 12456 837 38 1265 1265 CD 12456 837 39 , , , 12456 837 40 and and CC 12456 837 41 seems seem VBZ 12456 837 42 to to TO 12456 837 43 have have VB 12456 837 44 been be VBN 12456 837 45 captured capture VBN 12456 837 46 by by IN 12456 837 47 the the DT 12456 837 48 Ghibellines Ghibellines NNPS 12456 837 49 before before IN 12456 837 50 reaching reach VBG 12456 837 51 Naples Naples NNP 12456 837 52 . . . 12456 838 1 At at IN 12456 838 2 any any DT 12456 838 3 rate rate NN 12456 838 4 , , , 12456 838 5 he -PRON- PRP 12456 838 6 was be VBD 12456 838 7 a a DT 12456 838 8 prisoner prisoner NN 12456 838 9 at at IN 12456 838 10 Novara Novara NNP 12456 838 11 in in IN 12456 838 12 September September NNP 12456 838 13 1266 1266 CD 12456 838 14 ; ; : 12456 838 15 Pope Pope NNP 12456 838 16 Clement Clement NNP 12456 838 17 IV IV NNP 12456 838 18 . . . 12456 839 1 induced induce VBD 12456 839 2 Charles Charles NNP 12456 839 3 to to TO 12456 839 4 ransom ransom VB 12456 839 5 him -PRON- PRP 12456 839 6 , , , 12456 839 7 and and CC 12456 839 8 in in IN 12456 839 9 1269 1269 CD 12456 839 10 , , , 12456 839 11 as as IN 12456 839 12 a a DT 12456 839 13 recompense recompense NN 12456 839 14 for for IN 12456 839 15 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 839 16 services service NNS 12456 839 17 , , , 12456 839 18 he -PRON- PRP 12456 839 19 received receive VBD 12456 839 20 five five CD 12456 839 21 castles castle NNS 12456 839 22 in in IN 12456 839 23 the the DT 12456 839 24 Abruzzi Abruzzi NNP 12456 839 25 , , , 12456 839 26 near near IN 12456 839 27 the the DT 12456 839 28 river river NN 12456 839 29 Pescara Pescara NNP 12456 839 30 : : : 12456 839 31 shortly shortly RB 12456 839 32 [ [ -LRB- 12456 839 33 103 103 CD 12456 839 34 ] ] -RRB- 12456 839 35 afterwards afterwards RB 12456 839 36 he -PRON- PRP 12456 839 37 died die VBD 12456 839 38 . . . 12456 840 1 The the DT 12456 840 2 circumstances circumstance NNS 12456 840 3 of of IN 12456 840 4 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 840 5 death death NN 12456 840 6 are be VBP 12456 840 7 unknown unknown JJ 12456 840 8 , , , 12456 840 9 but but CC 12456 840 10 from from IN 12456 840 11 the the DT 12456 840 12 fact fact NN 12456 840 13 that that IN 12456 840 14 he -PRON- PRP 12456 840 15 is be VBZ 12456 840 16 placed place VBN 12456 840 17 by by IN 12456 840 18 Dante Dante NNP 12456 840 19 among among IN 12456 840 20 those those DT 12456 840 21 who who WP 12456 840 22 were be VBD 12456 840 23 cut cut VBN 12456 840 24 off off RP 12456 840 25 before before IN 12456 840 26 they -PRON- PRP 12456 840 27 could could MD 12456 840 28 repent repent VB 12456 840 29 it -PRON- PRP 12456 840 30 has have VBZ 12456 840 31 been be VBN 12456 840 32 conjectured conjecture VBN 12456 840 33 that that IN 12456 840 34 he -PRON- PRP 12456 840 35 came come VBD 12456 840 36 to to IN 12456 840 37 a a DT 12456 840 38 violent violent JJ 12456 840 39 end end NN 12456 840 40 . . . 12456 841 1 Sordello Sordello NNP 12456 841 2 's 's POS 12456 841 3 restless restless JJ 12456 841 4 life life NN 12456 841 5 and and CC 12456 841 6 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 841 7 intrigues intrigue NNS 12456 841 8 could could MD 12456 841 9 be be VB 12456 841 10 exemplified exemplify VBN 12456 841 11 from from IN 12456 841 12 the the DT 12456 841 13 history history NN 12456 841 14 of of IN 12456 841 15 many many PDT 12456 841 16 another another DT 12456 841 17 troubadour troubadour JJ 12456 841 18 and and CC 12456 841 19 neither neither CC 12456 841 20 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 841 21 career career NN 12456 841 22 nor nor CC 12456 841 23 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 841 24 poetry poetry NN 12456 841 25 , , , 12456 841 26 which which WDT 12456 841 27 with with IN 12456 841 28 two two CD 12456 841 29 exceptions exception NNS 12456 841 30 , , , 12456 841 31 is be VBZ 12456 841 32 of of IN 12456 841 33 no no DT 12456 841 34 special special JJ 12456 841 35 originality originality NN 12456 841 36 , , , 12456 841 37 seems seem VBZ 12456 841 38 to to TO 12456 841 39 justify justify VB 12456 841 40 the the DT 12456 841 41 portrait portrait NN 12456 841 42 drawn draw VBN 12456 841 43 of of IN 12456 841 44 him -PRON- PRP 12456 841 45 by by IN 12456 841 46 Dante Dante NNP 12456 841 47 ; ; : 12456 841 48 while while IN 12456 841 49 Browning Browning NNP 12456 841 50 's 's POS 12456 841 51 famous famous JJ 12456 841 52 poem poem NN 12456 841 53 has have VBZ 12456 841 54 nothing nothing NN 12456 841 55 in in IN 12456 841 56 common common JJ 12456 841 57 with with IN 12456 841 58 the the DT 12456 841 59 troubadour troubadour JJ 12456 841 60 except except IN 12456 841 61 the the DT 12456 841 62 name name NN 12456 841 63 . . . 12456 842 1 These these DT 12456 842 2 exceptions exception NNS 12456 842 3 , , , 12456 842 4 however however RB 12456 842 5 , , , 12456 842 6 are be VBP 12456 842 7 notable notable JJ 12456 842 8 . . . 12456 843 1 The the DT 12456 843 2 first first JJ 12456 843 3 is be VBZ 12456 843 4 a a DT 12456 843 5 _ _ NNP 12456 843 6 sirventes sirvente NNS 12456 843 7 _ _ NNP 12456 843 8 composed compose VBN 12456 843 9 by by IN 12456 843 10 Sordello Sordello NNP 12456 843 11 on on IN 12456 843 12 the the DT 12456 843 13 death death NN 12456 843 14 of of IN 12456 843 15 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 843 16 patron patron NN 12456 843 17 Blacatz Blacatz NNP 12456 843 18 in in IN 12456 843 19 1237 1237 CD 12456 843 20 . . . 12456 844 1 He -PRON- PRP 12456 844 2 invites invite VBZ 12456 844 3 to to IN 12456 844 4 the the DT 12456 844 5 funeral funeral NN 12456 844 6 feast feast NN 12456 844 7 the the DT 12456 844 8 Roman roman JJ 12456 844 9 emperor emperor NN 12456 844 10 , , , 12456 844 11 Frederick Frederick NNP 12456 844 12 II II NNP 12456 844 13 . . NNP 12456 844 14 , , , 12456 844 15 the the DT 12456 844 16 kings king NNS 12456 844 17 of of IN 12456 844 18 France France NNP 12456 844 19 , , , 12456 844 20 England England NNP 12456 844 21 and and CC 12456 844 22 Aragon Aragon NNP 12456 844 23 , , , 12456 844 24 the the DT 12456 844 25 counts count NNS 12456 844 26 of of IN 12456 844 27 Champagne Champagne NNP 12456 844 28 , , , 12456 844 29 Toulouse Toulouse NNP 12456 844 30 and and CC 12456 844 31 Provence Provence NNP 12456 844 32 . . . 12456 845 1 They -PRON- PRP 12456 845 2 are be VBP 12456 845 3 urged urge VBN 12456 845 4 to to TO 12456 845 5 eat eat VB 12456 845 6 of of IN 12456 845 7 the the DT 12456 845 8 dead dead JJ 12456 845 9 man man NN 12456 845 10 's 's POS 12456 845 11 heart heart NN 12456 845 12 , , , 12456 845 13 that that IN 12456 845 14 they -PRON- PRP 12456 845 15 may may MD 12456 845 16 gain gain VB 12456 845 17 some some DT 12456 845 18 tincture tincture NN 12456 845 19 of of IN 12456 845 20 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 845 21 courage courage NN 12456 845 22 and and CC 12456 845 23 nobility nobility NN 12456 845 24 . . . 12456 846 1 Each each DT 12456 846 2 is be VBZ 12456 846 3 invited invite VBN 12456 846 4 in in IN 12456 846 5 a a DT 12456 846 6 separate separate JJ 12456 846 7 stanza stanza NN 12456 846 8 in in IN 12456 846 9 which which WDT 12456 846 10 the the DT 12456 846 11 poet poet NN 12456 846 12 reprehends reprehend VBZ 12456 846 13 the the DT 12456 846 14 failings failing NNS 12456 846 15 of of IN 12456 846 16 the the DT 12456 846 17 several several JJ 12456 846 18 potentates potentate NNS 12456 846 19 . . . 12456 847 1 Del Del NNP 12456 847 2 rey rey NNP 12456 847 3 engles engle VBZ 12456 847 4 me -PRON- PRP 12456 847 5 platz platz NN 12456 847 6 , , , 12456 847 7 quar quar NNP 12456 847 8 es es NNP 12456 847 9 paue paue NNP 12456 847 10 coratjos coratjos NNP 12456 847 11 , , , 12456 847 12 Que Que NNP 12456 847 13 manje manje NN 12456 847 14 pro pro NNP 12456 847 15 del del NNP 12456 847 16 cor cor NNP 12456 847 17 , , , 12456 847 18 pueys puey VBZ 12456 847 19 er er NNP 12456 847 20 valens valens NNP 12456 847 21 e e NNP 12456 847 22 bos bos NN 12456 847 23 , , , 12456 847 24 E E NNP 12456 847 25 cobrara cobrara NNP 12456 847 26 la la FW 12456 847 27 terra terra NNP 12456 847 28 , , , 12456 847 29 per per IN 12456 847 30 que que NNP 12456 847 31 viu viu NNP 12456 847 32 de de NNP 12456 847 33 pretz pretz NNP 12456 847 34 blos blos NNP 12456 847 35 , , , 12456 847 36 Que·l Que·l NNP 12456 847 37 tol tol NNP 12456 847 38 lo lo IN 12456 847 39 reys reys NNP 12456 847 40 de de NNP 12456 847 41 Fransa Fransa NNP 12456 847 42 , , , 12456 847 43 quar quar NNP 12456 847 44 lo lo NNP 12456 847 45 sap sap NNP 12456 847 46 nualhos nualho NNS 12456 847 47 ; ; : 12456 847 48 E E NNP 12456 847 49 lo lo NNP 12456 847 50 reys reys NNP 12456 847 51 castelas castelas NNP 12456 847 52 tanh tanh NNP 12456 847 53 qu'en qu'en NNP 12456 847 54 manje manje NNP 12456 847 55 per per IN 12456 847 56 dos dos NNP 12456 847 57 , , , 12456 847 58 [ [ -LRB- 12456 847 59 104 104 CD 12456 847 60 ] ] -RRB- 12456 847 61 Quar Quar NNP 12456 847 62 dos dos NNP 12456 847 63 regismes regisme VBZ 12456 847 64 ten ten CD 12456 847 65 , , , 12456 847 66 e e NN 12456 847 67 per per IN 12456 847 68 l'un l'un NNP 12456 847 69 non non AFX 12456 847 70 es es NN 12456 847 71 pros pro NNS 12456 847 72 ; ; : 12456 847 73 Mas Mas NNP 12456 847 74 , , , 12456 847 75 s'elh s'elh UH 12456 847 76 en en IN 12456 847 77 vol vol NNP 12456 847 78 manjar manjar NNP 12456 847 79 , , , 12456 847 80 tanh tanh NNP 12456 847 81 qu'en qu'en NNP 12456 847 82 manj'a manj'a NNP 12456 847 83 rescos rescos NNP 12456 847 84 , , , 12456 847 85 Que Que NNP 12456 847 86 , , , 12456 847 87 si·l si·l NNP 12456 847 88 mair'o mair'o NNP 12456 847 89 sabra sabra NNP 12456 847 90 , , , 12456 847 91 batria·l batria·l NNP 12456 847 92 ab ab NNP 12456 847 93 bastos bastos NNP 12456 847 94 . . . 12456 848 1 " " `` 12456 848 2 As as IN 12456 848 3 concerns concern VBZ 12456 848 4 the the DT 12456 848 5 English english JJ 12456 848 6 King King NNP 12456 848 7 ( ( -LRB- 12456 848 8 Henry Henry NNP 12456 848 9 III III NNP 12456 848 10 . . . 12456 848 11 ) ) -RRB- 12456 849 1 it -PRON- PRP 12456 849 2 pleases please VBZ 12456 849 3 me -PRON- PRP 12456 849 4 , , , 12456 849 5 for for IN 12456 849 6 he -PRON- PRP 12456 849 7 is be VBZ 12456 849 8 little little JJ 12456 849 9 courageous courageous JJ 12456 849 10 , , , 12456 849 11 that that IN 12456 849 12 he -PRON- PRP 12456 849 13 should should MD 12456 849 14 eat eat VB 12456 849 15 well well RB 12456 849 16 of of IN 12456 849 17 the the DT 12456 849 18 heart heart NN 12456 849 19 ; ; : 12456 849 20 then then RB 12456 849 21 he -PRON- PRP 12456 849 22 will will MD 12456 849 23 be be VB 12456 849 24 valiant valiant JJ 12456 849 25 and and CC 12456 849 26 good good JJ 12456 849 27 and and CC 12456 849 28 will will MD 12456 849 29 recover recover VB 12456 849 30 the the DT 12456 849 31 land land NN 12456 849 32 ( ( -LRB- 12456 849 33 for for IN 12456 849 34 loss loss NN 12456 849 35 of of IN 12456 849 36 which which WDT 12456 849 37 he -PRON- PRP 12456 849 38 lives live VBZ 12456 849 39 bereft bereft RB 12456 849 40 of of IN 12456 849 41 worth worth NNP 12456 849 42 ) ) -RRB- 12456 849 43 , , , 12456 849 44 which which WDT 12456 849 45 the the DT 12456 849 46 King King NNP 12456 849 47 of of IN 12456 849 48 France France NNP 12456 849 49 took take VBD 12456 849 50 from from IN 12456 849 51 him -PRON- PRP 12456 849 52 , , , 12456 849 53 for for IN 12456 849 54 he -PRON- PRP 12456 849 55 knows know VBZ 12456 849 56 him -PRON- PRP 12456 849 57 to to TO 12456 849 58 be be VB 12456 849 59 of of IN 12456 849 60 no no DT 12456 849 61 account account NN 12456 849 62 . . . 12456 850 1 And and CC 12456 850 2 the the DT 12456 850 3 King King NNP 12456 850 4 of of IN 12456 850 5 Castile Castile NNP 12456 850 6 ( ( -LRB- 12456 850 7 Ferdinand Ferdinand NNP 12456 850 8 III III NNP 12456 850 9 . . . 12456 851 1 of of IN 12456 851 2 Castile Castile NNP 12456 851 3 and and CC 12456 851 4 Leon Leon NNP 12456 851 5 ) ) -RRB- 12456 851 6 , , , 12456 851 7 it -PRON- PRP 12456 851 8 is be VBZ 12456 851 9 fitting fitting JJ 12456 851 10 that that IN 12456 851 11 he -PRON- PRP 12456 851 12 eat eat VB 12456 851 13 of of IN 12456 851 14 it -PRON- PRP 12456 851 15 for for IN 12456 851 16 two two CD 12456 851 17 , , , 12456 851 18 for for IN 12456 851 19 he -PRON- PRP 12456 851 20 holds hold VBZ 12456 851 21 two two CD 12456 851 22 realms realm NNS 12456 851 23 and and CC 12456 851 24 he -PRON- PRP 12456 851 25 is be VBZ 12456 851 26 not not RB 12456 851 27 sufficient sufficient JJ 12456 851 28 for for IN 12456 851 29 one one CD 12456 851 30 ; ; : 12456 851 31 but but CC 12456 851 32 if if IN 12456 851 33 he -PRON- PRP 12456 851 34 will will MD 12456 851 35 eat eat VB 12456 851 36 of of IN 12456 851 37 it -PRON- PRP 12456 851 38 , , , 12456 851 39 ' ' '' 12456 851 40 twere twere RB 12456 851 41 well well UH 12456 851 42 that that IN 12456 851 43 he -PRON- PRP 12456 851 44 eat eat VBP 12456 851 45 in in IN 12456 851 46 secret secret JJ 12456 851 47 : : : 12456 851 48 for for IN 12456 851 49 if if IN 12456 851 50 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 851 51 mother mother NN 12456 851 52 were be VBD 12456 851 53 to to TO 12456 851 54 know know VB 12456 851 55 it -PRON- PRP 12456 851 56 , , , 12456 851 57 she -PRON- PRP 12456 851 58 would would MD 12456 851 59 beat beat VB 12456 851 60 him -PRON- PRP 12456 851 61 with with IN 12456 851 62 staves stave NNS 12456 851 63 . . . 12456 851 64 " " '' 12456 852 1 This this DT 12456 852 2 idea idea NN 12456 852 3 , , , 12456 852 4 which which WDT 12456 852 5 is be VBZ 12456 852 6 a a DT 12456 852 7 commonplace commonplace NN 12456 852 8 in in IN 12456 852 9 the the DT 12456 852 10 folklore folklore NN 12456 852 11 of of IN 12456 852 12 many many JJ 12456 852 13 countries country NNS 12456 852 14 , , , 12456 852 15 attracted attract VBD 12456 852 16 attention attention NN 12456 852 17 . . . 12456 853 1 Two two CD 12456 853 2 contemporary contemporary JJ 12456 853 3 troubadours troubadour NNS 12456 853 4 attempted attempt VBD 12456 853 5 to to TO 12456 853 6 improve improve VB 12456 853 7 upon upon IN 12456 853 8 it -PRON- PRP 12456 853 9 . . . 12456 854 1 Bertran Bertran NNP 12456 854 2 d'Alamanon d'Alamanon NNP 12456 854 3 said say VBD 12456 854 4 that that IN 12456 854 5 the the DT 12456 854 6 heart heart NN 12456 854 7 should should MD 12456 854 8 not not RB 12456 854 9 be be VB 12456 854 10 divided divide VBN 12456 854 11 among among IN 12456 854 12 the the DT 12456 854 13 cowards coward NNS 12456 854 14 , , , 12456 854 15 enumerated enumerate VBN 12456 854 16 by by IN 12456 854 17 Sordello Sordello NNP 12456 854 18 , , , 12456 854 19 but but CC 12456 854 20 given give VBN 12456 854 21 to to IN 12456 854 22 the the DT 12456 854 23 noble noble JJ 12456 854 24 ladies lady NNS 12456 854 25 of of IN 12456 854 26 the the DT 12456 854 27 age age NN 12456 854 28 : : : 12456 854 29 Peire Peire NNP 12456 854 30 Bremen Bremen NNP 12456 854 31 proposed propose VBD 12456 854 32 a a DT 12456 854 33 division division NN 12456 854 34 of of IN 12456 854 35 the the DT 12456 854 36 body body NN 12456 854 37 . . . 12456 855 1 The the DT 12456 855 2 point point NN 12456 855 3 is be VBZ 12456 855 4 that that IN 12456 855 5 Dante Dante NNP 12456 855 6 in in IN 12456 855 7 the the DT 12456 855 8 Purgatorio Purgatorio NNP 12456 855 9 represents represent VBZ 12456 855 10 Sordello Sordello NNP 12456 855 11 as as IN 12456 855 12 showing show VBG 12456 855 13 to to IN 12456 855 14 Virgil Virgil NNP 12456 855 15 the the DT 12456 855 16 souls soul NNS 12456 855 17 of of IN 12456 855 18 those those DT 12456 855 19 who who WP 12456 855 20 , , , 12456 855 21 while while IN 12456 855 22 singing singe VBG 12456 855 23 _ _ NNP 12456 855 24 Salve Salve NNP 12456 855 25 Regina Regina NNP 12456 855 26 _ _ NNP 12456 855 27 , , , 12456 855 28 ask ask VB 12456 855 29 to to TO 12456 855 30 be be VB 12456 855 31 pardoned pardon VBN 12456 855 32 for for IN 12456 855 33 their -PRON- PRP$ 12456 855 34 neglect neglect NN 12456 855 35 of of IN 12456 855 36 duty duty NN 12456 855 37 and and CC 12456 855 38 among among IN 12456 855 39 them -PRON- PRP 12456 855 40 appear appear VBP 12456 855 41 the the DT 12456 855 42 rulers ruler NNS 12456 855 43 whom whom WP 12456 855 44 Sordello Sordello NNP 12456 855 45 had have VBD 12456 855 46 satirised satirise VBN 12456 855 47 in in IN 12456 855 48 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 855 49 _ _ NNP 12456 855 50 sirventes sirvente NNS 12456 855 51 _ _ NNP 12456 855 52 . . . 12456 856 1 Hence hence RB 12456 856 2 it -PRON- PRP 12456 856 3 seems seem VBZ 12456 856 4 that that IN 12456 856 5 it -PRON- PRP 12456 856 6 was be VBD 12456 856 7 this this DT 12456 856 8 [ [ -LRB- 12456 856 9 105 105 CD 12456 856 10 ] ] -RRB- 12456 856 11 composition composition NN 12456 856 12 which which WDT 12456 856 13 attracted attract VBD 12456 856 14 Dante Dante NNP 12456 856 15 's 's POS 12456 856 16 attention attention NN 12456 856 17 to to IN 12456 856 18 Sordello Sordello NNP 12456 856 19 . . . 12456 857 1 The the DT 12456 857 2 other other JJ 12456 857 3 important important JJ 12456 857 4 poem poem NN 12456 857 5 is be VBZ 12456 857 6 the the DT 12456 857 7 _ _ NNP 12456 857 8 Ensenhamen Ensenhamen NNP 12456 857 9 _ _ NNP 12456 857 10 , , , 12456 857 11 a a DT 12456 857 12 didactic didactic JJ 12456 857 13 work work NN 12456 857 14 of of IN 12456 857 15 instruction instruction NN 12456 857 16 upon upon IN 12456 857 17 the the DT 12456 857 18 manner manner NN 12456 857 19 and and CC 12456 857 20 conduct conduct VB 12456 857 21 proper proper JJ 12456 857 22 to to IN 12456 857 23 a a DT 12456 857 24 courtier courti JJR 12456 857 25 and and CC 12456 857 26 a a DT 12456 857 27 lover lover NN 12456 857 28 . . . 12456 858 1 Here here RB 12456 858 2 , , , 12456 858 3 and and CC 12456 858 4 also also RB 12456 858 5 in in IN 12456 858 6 some some DT 12456 858 7 of of IN 12456 858 8 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 858 9 lyric lyric NN 12456 858 10 poems poem NNS 12456 858 11 , , , 12456 858 12 Sordello Sordello NNP 12456 858 13 represents represent VBZ 12456 858 14 the the DT 12456 858 15 transition transition NN 12456 858 16 to to IN 12456 858 17 a a DT 12456 858 18 new new JJ 12456 858 19 idea idea NN 12456 858 20 of of IN 12456 858 21 love love NN 12456 858 22 which which WDT 12456 858 23 was be VBD 12456 858 24 more more RBR 12456 858 25 fully fully RB 12456 858 26 developed develop VBN 12456 858 27 by by IN 12456 858 28 the the DT 12456 858 29 school school NN 12456 858 30 of of IN 12456 858 31 Guido Guido NNP 12456 858 32 Guinicelli Guinicelli NNP 12456 858 33 and and CC 12456 858 34 found find VBD 12456 858 35 its -PRON- PRP$ 12456 858 36 highest high JJS 12456 858 37 expression expression NN 12456 858 38 in in IN 12456 858 39 Dante Dante NNP 12456 858 40 's 's POS 12456 858 41 lyrics lyric NNS 12456 858 42 and and CC 12456 858 43 Vita Vita NNP 12456 858 44 Nuova Nuova NNP 12456 858 45 . . . 12456 859 1 Love love NN 12456 859 2 is be VBZ 12456 859 3 now now RB 12456 859 4 rather rather RB 12456 859 5 a a DT 12456 859 6 mystical mystical JJ 12456 859 7 idea idea NN 12456 859 8 than than IN 12456 859 9 a a DT 12456 859 10 direct direct JJ 12456 859 11 affection affection NN 12456 859 12 for for IN 12456 859 13 a a DT 12456 859 14 particular particular JJ 12456 859 15 lady lady NN 12456 859 16 : : : 12456 859 17 the the DT 12456 859 18 lover lover NNP 12456 859 19 is be VBZ 12456 859 20 swayed sway VBN 12456 859 21 by by IN 12456 859 22 a a DT 12456 859 23 spiritual spiritual JJ 12456 859 24 and and CC 12456 859 25 intellectual intellectual JJ 12456 859 26 ideal ideal NN 12456 859 27 , , , 12456 859 28 and and CC 12456 859 29 the the DT 12456 859 30 motive motive NN 12456 859 31 of of IN 12456 859 32 physical physical JJ 12456 859 33 attraction attraction NN 12456 859 34 recedes recede VBZ 12456 859 35 to to IN 12456 859 36 the the DT 12456 859 37 background background NN 12456 859 38 . . . 12456 860 1 The the DT 12456 860 2 cause cause NN 12456 860 3 of of IN 12456 860 4 love love NN 12456 860 5 , , , 12456 860 6 however however RB 12456 860 7 , , , 12456 860 8 remains remain VBZ 12456 860 9 unchanged unchanged JJ 12456 860 10 : : : 12456 860 11 love love NN 12456 860 12 enters enter VBZ 12456 860 13 through through IN 12456 860 14 the the DT 12456 860 15 eyes eye NNS 12456 860 16 ; ; : 12456 860 17 sight sight NN 12456 860 18 is be VBZ 12456 860 19 delight delight NN 12456 860 20 . . . 12456 861 1 We -PRON- PRP 12456 861 2 must must MD 12456 861 3 now now RB 12456 861 4 turn turn VB 12456 861 5 southwards southwards RB 12456 861 6 . . . 12456 862 1 A a DT 12456 862 2 school school NN 12456 862 3 of of IN 12456 862 4 poetry poetry NN 12456 862 5 had have VBD 12456 862 6 grown grow VBN 12456 862 7 up up RP 12456 862 8 in in IN 12456 862 9 Sicily Sicily NNP 12456 862 10 at at IN 12456 862 11 the the DT 12456 862 12 court court NN 12456 862 13 of of IN 12456 862 14 Frederick Frederick NNP 12456 862 15 II II NNP 12456 862 16 . . . 12456 863 1 No no RB 12456 863 2 doubt doubt RB 12456 863 3 he -PRON- PRP 12456 863 4 favoured favour VBD 12456 863 5 those those DT 12456 863 6 troubadours troubadour NNS 12456 863 7 whose whose WP$ 12456 863 8 animosity animosity NN 12456 863 9 to to IN 12456 863 10 the the DT 12456 863 11 papacy papacy NN 12456 863 12 had have VBD 12456 863 13 been be VBN 12456 863 14 aroused arouse VBN 12456 863 15 by by IN 12456 863 16 the the DT 12456 863 17 Albigeois Albigeois NNP 12456 863 18 crusade crusade NN 12456 863 19 : : : 12456 863 20 such such JJ 12456 863 21 invective invective JJ 12456 863 22 as as IN 12456 863 23 that that DT 12456 863 24 which which WDT 12456 863 25 Guillem Guillem NNP 12456 863 26 Figueira Figueira NNP 12456 863 27 could could MD 12456 863 28 pour pour VB 12456 863 29 forth forth RB 12456 863 30 would would MD 12456 863 31 be be VB 12456 863 32 useful useful JJ 12456 863 33 to to IN 12456 863 34 him -PRON- PRP 12456 863 35 in in IN 12456 863 36 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 863 37 struggle struggle NN 12456 863 38 against against IN 12456 863 39 the the DT 12456 863 40 popes pope NNS 12456 863 41 . . . 12456 864 1 But but CC 12456 864 2 the the DT 12456 864 3 emperor emperor NN 12456 864 4 was be VBD 12456 864 5 himself -PRON- PRP 12456 864 6 a a DT 12456 864 7 man man NN 12456 864 8 of of IN 12456 864 9 unusual unusual JJ 12456 864 10 culture culture NN 12456 864 11 , , , 12456 864 12 with with IN 12456 864 13 a a DT 12456 864 14 keen keen JJ 12456 864 15 interest interest NN 12456 864 16 in in IN 12456 864 17 literary literary JJ 12456 864 18 and and CC 12456 864 19 scientific scientific JJ 12456 864 20 pursuits pursuit NNS 12456 864 21 : : : 12456 864 22 he -PRON- PRP 12456 864 23 founded found VBD 12456 864 24 a a DT 12456 864 25 university university NN 12456 864 26 at at IN 12456 864 27 Naples Naples NNP 12456 864 28 , , , 12456 864 29 collected collect VBD 12456 864 30 manuscripts manuscript NNS 12456 864 31 and and CC 12456 864 32 did do VBD 12456 864 33 much much JJ 12456 864 34 to to TO 12456 864 35 make make VB 12456 864 36 Arabic arabic JJ 12456 864 37 learning learn VBG 12456 864 38 known know VBN 12456 864 39 to to IN 12456 864 40 the the DT 12456 864 41 West West NNP 12456 864 42 . . . 12456 865 1 He -PRON- PRP 12456 865 2 was be VBD 12456 865 3 a a DT 12456 865 4 poet poet NN 12456 865 5 and and CC 12456 865 6 the the DT 12456 865 7 importance importance NN 12456 865 8 of of IN 12456 865 9 the the DT 12456 865 10 Sicilian sicilian JJ 12456 865 11 school school NN 12456 865 12 consists consist VBZ 12456 865 13 in in IN 12456 865 14 the the DT 12456 865 15 [ [ -LRB- 12456 865 16 106 106 CD 12456 865 17 ] ] -RRB- 12456 865 18 fact fact NN 12456 865 19 that that IN 12456 865 20 while while IN 12456 865 21 the the DT 12456 865 22 subject subject JJ 12456 865 23 matter matter NN 12456 865 24 of of IN 12456 865 25 their -PRON- PRP$ 12456 865 26 songs song NNS 12456 865 27 was be VBD 12456 865 28 lifted lift VBN 12456 865 29 from from IN 12456 865 30 troubadour troubadour PRP$ 12456 865 31 poetry poetry NN 12456 865 32 , , , 12456 865 33 the the DT 12456 865 34 language language NN 12456 865 35 which which WDT 12456 865 36 they -PRON- PRP 12456 865 37 used use VBD 12456 865 38 belonged belong VBD 12456 865 39 to to IN 12456 865 40 the the DT 12456 865 41 Italian italian JJ 12456 865 42 peninsula peninsula NN 12456 865 43 . . . 12456 866 1 The the DT 12456 866 2 dialect dialect NN 12456 866 3 of of IN 12456 866 4 these these DT 12456 866 5 _ _ NNP 12456 866 6 provenzaleggianti provenzaleggianti NNP 12456 866 7 _ _ NNP 12456 866 8 was be VBD 12456 866 9 not not RB 12456 866 10 pure pure JJ 12456 866 11 Sicilian Sicilian NNP 12456 866 12 but but CC 12456 866 13 was be VBD 12456 866 14 probably probably RB 12456 866 15 a a DT 12456 866 16 literary literary JJ 12456 866 17 language language NN 12456 866 18 containing contain VBG 12456 866 19 elements element NNS 12456 866 20 drawn draw VBN 12456 866 21 from from IN 12456 866 22 other other JJ 12456 866 23 dialects dialect NNS 12456 866 24 , , , 12456 866 25 as as IN 12456 866 26 happened happen VBD 12456 866 27 long long RB 12456 866 28 before before RB 12456 866 29 in in IN 12456 866 30 the the DT 12456 866 31 case case NN 12456 866 32 of of IN 12456 866 33 the the DT 12456 866 34 troubadours troubadour NNS 12456 866 35 themselves -PRON- PRP 12456 866 36 . . . 12456 867 1 The the DT 12456 867 2 best well RBS 12456 867 3 known know VBN 12456 867 4 representatives representative NNS 12456 867 5 of of IN 12456 867 6 this this DT 12456 867 7 school school NN 12456 867 8 , , , 12456 867 9 Pier Pier NNP 12456 867 10 delle delle NNP 12456 867 11 Vigne Vigne NNP 12456 867 12 , , , 12456 867 13 Jacopo Jacopo NNP 12456 867 14 da da NNP 12456 867 15 Lentini Lentini NNP 12456 867 16 and and CC 12456 867 17 Guido Guido NNP 12456 867 18 delle delle NN 12456 867 19 Colonne Colonne NNP 12456 867 20 are be VBP 12456 867 21 familiar familiar JJ 12456 867 22 to to IN 12456 867 23 students student NNS 12456 867 24 of of IN 12456 867 25 Dante Dante NNP 12456 867 26 . . . 12456 868 1 After after IN 12456 868 2 their -PRON- PRP$ 12456 868 3 time time NN 12456 868 4 no no DT 12456 868 5 one one NN 12456 868 6 questioned question VBD 12456 868 7 the the DT 12456 868 8 fact fact NN 12456 868 9 that that IN 12456 868 10 lyric lyric NN 12456 868 11 poetry poetry NN 12456 868 12 written write VBN 12456 868 13 in in IN 12456 868 14 Italian Italian NNP 12456 868 15 was be VBD 12456 868 16 a a DT 12456 868 17 possible possible JJ 12456 868 18 achievement achievement NN 12456 868 19 . . . 12456 869 1 The the DT 12456 869 2 influence influence NN 12456 869 3 of of IN 12456 869 4 the the DT 12456 869 5 Sicilian sicilian JJ 12456 869 6 school school NN 12456 869 7 extended extend VBD 12456 869 8 to to IN 12456 869 9 Central Central NNP 12456 869 10 Italy Italy NNP 12456 869 11 and and CC 12456 869 12 Tuscany Tuscany NNP 12456 869 13 ; ; : 12456 869 14 Dante Dante NNP 12456 869 15 tells tell VBZ 12456 869 16 us -PRON- PRP 12456 869 17 that that IN 12456 869 18 all all DT 12456 869 19 Italian italian JJ 12456 869 20 poetry poetry NN 12456 869 21 preceding precede VBG 12456 869 22 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 869 23 own own JJ 12456 869 24 age age NN 12456 869 25 was be VBD 12456 869 26 known know VBN 12456 869 27 as as IN 12456 869 28 Sicilian Sicilian NNP 12456 869 29 . . . 12456 870 1 The the DT 12456 870 2 early early JJ 12456 870 3 Tuscan tuscan JJ 12456 870 4 poets poet NNS 12456 870 5 were be VBD 12456 870 6 , , , 12456 870 7 mediately mediately RB 12456 870 8 or or CC 12456 870 9 immediately immediately RB 12456 870 10 , , , 12456 870 11 strongly strongly RB 12456 870 12 influenced influence VBN 12456 870 13 by by IN 12456 870 14 Provençal Provençal NNP 12456 870 15 . . . 12456 871 1 The the DT 12456 871 2 first first JJ 12456 871 3 examples example NNS 12456 871 4 of of IN 12456 871 5 the the DT 12456 871 6 sonnet sonnet NN 12456 871 7 , , , 12456 871 8 by by IN 12456 871 9 Dante Dante NNP 12456 871 10 da da NNP 12456 871 11 Majano Majano NNP 12456 871 12 , , , 12456 871 13 were be VBD 12456 871 14 written write VBN 12456 871 15 in in IN 12456 871 16 that that DT 12456 871 17 language language NN 12456 871 18 . . . 12456 872 1 But but CC 12456 872 2 such such JJ 12456 872 3 poetry poetry NN 12456 872 4 was be VBD 12456 872 5 little little RB 12456 872 6 more more JJR 12456 872 7 than than IN 12456 872 8 a a DT 12456 872 9 rhetorical rhetorical JJ 12456 872 10 exercise exercise NN 12456 872 11 . . . 12456 873 1 It -PRON- PRP 12456 873 2 was be VBD 12456 873 3 the the DT 12456 873 4 revival revival NN 12456 873 5 of of IN 12456 873 6 learning learning NN 12456 873 7 and and CC 12456 873 8 the the DT 12456 873 9 Universities Universities NNPS 12456 873 10 , , , 12456 873 11 in in IN 12456 873 12 particular particular JJ 12456 873 13 that that IN 12456 873 14 of of IN 12456 873 15 Bologna Bologna NNPS 12456 873 16 , , , 12456 873 17 which which WDT 12456 873 18 inspired inspire VBD 12456 873 19 the the DT 12456 873 20 _ _ NNP 12456 873 21 dolce dolce FW 12456 873 22 stil stil NNP 12456 873 23 nuovo nuovo NNP 12456 873 24 _ _ NNP 12456 873 25 , , , 12456 873 26 of of IN 12456 873 27 which which WDT 12456 873 28 the the DT 12456 873 29 first first JJ 12456 873 30 exponent exponent NN 12456 873 31 was be VBD 12456 873 32 Guido Guido NNP 12456 873 33 Giunicelli Giunicelli NNP 12456 873 34 . . . 12456 874 1 Love love NN 12456 874 2 was be VBD 12456 874 3 now now RB 12456 874 4 treated treat VBN 12456 874 5 from from IN 12456 874 6 a a DT 12456 874 7 philosophical philosophical JJ 12456 874 8 point point NN 12456 874 9 of of IN 12456 874 10 view view NN 12456 874 11 : : : 12456 874 12 hitherto hitherto LS 12456 874 13 , , , 12456 874 14 the the DT 12456 874 15 Provençal Provençal NNP 12456 874 16 school school NN 12456 874 17 had have VBD 12456 874 18 maintained maintain VBN 12456 874 19 the the DT 12456 874 20 thesis thesis NN 12456 874 21 that that IN 12456 874 22 " " `` 12456 874 23 sight sight NN 12456 874 24 is be VBZ 12456 874 25 delight delight NN 12456 874 26 , , , 12456 874 27 " " '' 12456 874 28 that that WDT 12456 874 29 love love NN 12456 874 30 originated originate VBD 12456 874 31 from from IN 12456 874 32 seeing see VBG 12456 874 33 and and CC 12456 874 34 pleasing pleasing JJ 12456 874 35 , , , 12456 874 36 penetrated penetrate VBN 12456 874 37 to to IN 12456 874 38 the the DT 12456 874 39 heart heart NN 12456 874 40 and and CC 12456 874 41 [ [ -LRB- 12456 874 42 107 107 CD 12456 874 43 ] ] -RRB- 12456 874 44 occupied occupy VBD 12456 874 45 the the DT 12456 874 46 thoughts thought NNS 12456 874 47 , , , 12456 874 48 after after IN 12456 874 49 passing pass VBG 12456 874 50 through through IN 12456 874 51 the the DT 12456 874 52 eyes eye NNS 12456 874 53 . . . 12456 875 1 So so RB 12456 875 2 Aimeric Aimeric NNP 12456 875 3 de de NNP 12456 875 4 Pegulhan Pegulhan NNP 12456 875 5 . . . 12456 876 1 Perque Perque NNP 12456 876 2 tuit tuit NN 12456 876 3 li li NNP 12456 876 4 fin fin NNP 12456 876 5 aman aman NNP 12456 876 6 Sapchan Sapchan NNP 12456 876 7 qu'amors qu'amors NNP 12456 876 8 es es NNP 12456 876 9 fina fina NNP 12456 876 10 bevolenza bevolenza NNP 12456 876 11 Que Que NNP 12456 876 12 nais nais NNP 12456 876 13 del del NNP 12456 876 14 cor cor NNP 12456 876 15 e e NNP 12456 876 16 dels dels NNP 12456 876 17 huelh huelh NN 12456 876 18 , , , 12456 876 19 ses se VBZ 12456 876 20 duptar duptar NNP 12456 876 21 . . . 12456 877 1 " " `` 12456 877 2 Wherefore wherefore WP 12456 877 3 let let VB 12456 877 4 all all DT 12456 877 5 pure pure JJ 12456 877 6 lovers lover NNS 12456 877 7 know know VBP 12456 877 8 that that IN 12456 877 9 love love NN 12456 877 10 is be VBZ 12456 877 11 pure pure JJ 12456 877 12 unselfishness unselfishness NN 12456 877 13 which which WDT 12456 877 14 is be VBZ 12456 877 15 born bear VBN 12456 877 16 undoubtedly undoubtedly RB 12456 877 17 from from IN 12456 877 18 the the DT 12456 877 19 heart heart NN 12456 877 20 and and CC 12456 877 21 from from IN 12456 877 22 the the DT 12456 877 23 eyes eye NNS 12456 877 24 , , , 12456 877 25 " " '' 12456 877 26 a a DT 12456 877 27 sentiment sentiment NN 12456 877 28 thus thus RB 12456 877 29 repeated repeat VBN 12456 877 30 by by IN 12456 877 31 Guido Guido NNP 12456 877 32 delle delle NNP 12456 877 33 Colonne Colonne NNP 12456 877 34 of of IN 12456 877 35 the the DT 12456 877 36 Sicilian sicilian JJ 12456 877 37 school school NN 12456 877 38 . . . 12456 878 1 Dal Dal NNP 12456 878 2 cor cor NNP 12456 878 3 si si NNP 12456 878 4 move move VB 12456 878 5 un un NNP 12456 878 6 spirito spirito NNP 12456 878 7 in in IN 12456 878 8 vedere vedere NNP 12456 878 9 D'in D'in NNP 12456 878 10 ochi'n ochi'n NNP 12456 878 11 ochi ochi NNP 12456 878 12 , , , 12456 878 13 di di NNP 12456 878 14 femina femina NNP 12456 878 15 e e NNP 12456 878 16 d'omo d'omo NNP 12456 878 17 Per per IN 12456 878 18 lo lo NNP 12456 878 19 quel quel NNP 12456 878 20 si si NNP 12456 878 21 concria concria NNP 12456 878 22 uno uno NNP 12456 878 23 piacere piacere NNP 12456 878 24 . . . 12456 879 1 The the DT 12456 879 2 philosophical philosophical JJ 12456 879 3 school school NN 12456 879 4 entirely entirely RB 12456 879 5 transformed transform VBD 12456 879 6 this this DT 12456 879 7 conception conception NN 12456 879 8 . . . 12456 880 1 Love love NN 12456 880 2 seeks seek VBZ 12456 880 3 the the DT 12456 880 4 noble noble JJ 12456 880 5 heart heart NN 12456 880 6 by by IN 12456 880 7 affinity affinity NN 12456 880 8 , , , 12456 880 9 as as IN 12456 880 10 the the DT 12456 880 11 bird bird NN 12456 880 12 seeks seek VBZ 12456 880 13 the the DT 12456 880 14 tree tree NN 12456 880 15 : : : 12456 880 16 the the DT 12456 880 17 noble noble JJ 12456 880 18 heart heart NN 12456 880 19 can can MD 12456 880 20 not not RB 12456 880 21 but but RB 12456 880 22 love love VB 12456 880 23 , , , 12456 880 24 and and CC 12456 880 25 love love NN 12456 880 26 inflames inflame NNS 12456 880 27 and and CC 12456 880 28 purifies purify VBZ 12456 880 29 its -PRON- PRP$ 12456 880 30 nobility nobility NN 12456 880 31 , , , 12456 880 32 as as IN 12456 880 33 the the DT 12456 880 34 power power NN 12456 880 35 of of IN 12456 880 36 the the DT 12456 880 37 Deity Deity NNP 12456 880 38 is be VBZ 12456 880 39 transmitted transmit VBN 12456 880 40 to to IN 12456 880 41 the the DT 12456 880 42 heavenly heavenly JJ 12456 880 43 beings being NNS 12456 880 44 . . . 12456 881 1 When when WRB 12456 881 2 this this DT 12456 881 3 idea idea NN 12456 881 4 had have VBD 12456 881 5 been be VBN 12456 881 6 once once RB 12456 881 7 evolved evolve VBN 12456 881 8 , , , 12456 881 9 Provençal Provençal NNP 12456 881 10 poetry poetry NN 12456 881 11 could could MD 12456 881 12 no no RB 12456 881 13 longer longer RB 12456 881 14 be be VB 12456 881 15 a a DT 12456 881 16 moving move VBG 12456 881 17 force force NN 12456 881 18 ; ; : 12456 881 19 it -PRON- PRP 12456 881 20 was be VBD 12456 881 21 studied study VBN 12456 881 22 but but CC 12456 881 23 was be VBD 12456 881 24 not not RB 12456 881 25 imitated imitate VBN 12456 881 26 . . . 12456 882 1 Its -PRON- PRP$ 12456 882 2 influence influence NN 12456 882 3 had have VBD 12456 882 4 lasted last VBN 12456 882 5 some some DT 12456 882 6 150 150 CD 12456 882 7 years year NNS 12456 882 8 , , , 12456 882 9 and and CC 12456 882 10 as as RB 12456 882 11 far far RB 12456 882 12 as as IN 12456 882 13 Italy Italy NNP 12456 882 14 is be VBZ 12456 882 15 concerned concern VBN 12456 882 16 it -PRON- PRP 12456 882 17 was be VBD 12456 882 18 Arabic arabic JJ 12456 882 19 learning learn VBG 12456 882 20 , , , 12456 882 21 Aristotle Aristotle NNP 12456 882 22 and and CC 12456 882 23 Thomas Thomas NNP 12456 882 24 Aquinas Aquinas NNP 12456 882 25 who who WP 12456 882 26 slew slay VBD 12456 882 27 the the DT 12456 882 28 troubadours troubadour NNS 12456 882 29 more more RBR 12456 882 30 certainly certainly RB 12456 882 31 than than IN 12456 882 32 Simon Simon NNP 12456 882 33 de de NNP 12456 882 34 Montfort Montfort NNP 12456 882 35 and and CC 12456 882 36 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 882 37 crusaders crusader NNS 12456 882 38 . . . 12456 883 1 The the DT 12456 883 2 day day NN 12456 883 3 of of IN 12456 883 4 superficial superficial JJ 12456 883 5 [ [ -LRB- 12456 883 6 108 108 CD 12456 883 7 ] ] -RRB- 12456 883 8 prettiness prettiness NN 12456 883 9 and and CC 12456 883 10 of of IN 12456 883 11 the the DT 12456 883 12 cult cult NN 12456 883 13 of of IN 12456 883 14 form form NN 12456 883 15 had have VBD 12456 883 16 passed pass VBN 12456 883 17 ; ; : 12456 883 18 love love NN 12456 883 19 conjoined conjoin VBN 12456 883 20 with with IN 12456 883 21 learning learning NN 12456 883 22 , , , 12456 883 23 a a DT 12456 883 24 desire desire NN 12456 883 25 to to TO 12456 883 26 pierce pierce VB 12456 883 27 to to IN 12456 883 28 the the DT 12456 883 29 roots root NNS 12456 883 30 of of IN 12456 883 31 things thing NNS 12456 883 32 , , , 12456 883 33 a a DT 12456 883 34 greater great JJR 12456 883 35 depth depth NN 12456 883 36 of of IN 12456 883 37 thought thought NN 12456 883 38 and and CC 12456 883 39 earnestness earnestness NN 12456 883 40 were be VBD 12456 883 41 the the DT 12456 883 42 characteristics characteristic NNS 12456 883 43 of of IN 12456 883 44 the the DT 12456 883 45 new new JJ 12456 883 46 school school NN 12456 883 47 . . . 12456 884 1 Dante Dante NNP 12456 884 2 's 's POS 12456 884 3 debt debt NN 12456 884 4 to to IN 12456 884 5 the the DT 12456 884 6 troubadours troubadour NNS 12456 884 7 , , , 12456 884 8 with with IN 12456 884 9 whose whose WP$ 12456 884 10 literature literature NN 12456 884 11 he -PRON- PRP 12456 884 12 was be VBD 12456 884 13 well well RB 12456 884 14 acquainted acquaint VBN 12456 884 15 , , , 12456 884 16 is be VBZ 12456 884 17 therefore therefore RB 12456 884 18 the the DT 12456 884 19 debt debt NN 12456 884 20 of of IN 12456 884 21 Italian italian JJ 12456 884 22 literature literature NN 12456 884 23 as as IN 12456 884 24 a a DT 12456 884 25 whole whole NN 12456 884 26 . . . 12456 885 1 Had have VBD 12456 885 2 not not RB 12456 885 3 the the DT 12456 885 4 troubadours troubadour NNS 12456 885 5 developed develop VBD 12456 885 6 their -PRON- PRP$ 12456 885 7 theory theory NN 12456 885 8 of of IN 12456 885 9 courtly courtly RB 12456 885 10 love love NN 12456 885 11 , , , 12456 885 12 with with IN 12456 885 13 its -PRON- PRP$ 12456 885 14 influence influence NN 12456 885 15 upon upon IN 12456 885 16 human human JJ 12456 885 17 nature nature NN 12456 885 18 , , , 12456 885 19 we -PRON- PRP 12456 885 20 can can MD 12456 885 21 not not RB 12456 885 22 say say VB 12456 885 23 what what WDT 12456 885 24 course course NN 12456 885 25 early early JJ 12456 885 26 Italian italian JJ 12456 885 27 literature literature NN 12456 885 28 might may MD 12456 885 29 have have VB 12456 885 30 run run VBN 12456 885 31 . . . 12456 886 1 Moreover moreover RB 12456 886 2 , , , 12456 886 3 the the DT 12456 886 4 troubadours troubadour NNS 12456 886 5 provided provide VBD 12456 886 6 Italy Italy NNP 12456 886 7 and and CC 12456 886 8 other other JJ 12456 886 9 countries country NNS 12456 886 10 also also RB 12456 886 11 with with IN 12456 886 12 perfect perfect JJ 12456 886 13 models model NNS 12456 886 14 of of IN 12456 886 15 poetical poetical JJ 12456 886 16 form form NN 12456 886 17 . . . 12456 887 1 The the DT 12456 887 2 sonnet sonnet NN 12456 887 3 , , , 12456 887 4 the the DT 12456 887 5 terza terza NNP 12456 887 6 rima rima NNP 12456 887 7 and and CC 12456 887 8 any any DT 12456 887 9 other other JJ 12456 887 10 form form NN 12456 887 11 used use VBN 12456 887 12 by by IN 12456 887 13 Dante Dante NNP 12456 887 14 are be VBP 12456 887 15 of of IN 12456 887 16 Provençal Provençal NNP 12456 887 17 origin origin NN 12456 887 18 . . . 12456 888 1 And and CC 12456 888 2 what what WP 12456 888 3 is be VBZ 12456 888 4 true true JJ 12456 888 5 of of IN 12456 888 6 Dante Dante NNP 12456 888 7 and and CC 12456 888 8 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 888 9 Beatrice Beatrice NNP 12456 888 10 is be VBZ 12456 888 11 no no DT 12456 888 12 less less RBR 12456 888 13 true true JJ 12456 888 14 of of IN 12456 888 15 Petrarch Petrarch NNP 12456 888 16 and and CC 12456 888 17 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 888 18 Laura Laura NNP 12456 888 19 and and CC 12456 888 20 of of IN 12456 888 21 many many JJ 12456 888 22 another another DT 12456 888 23 who who WP 12456 888 24 may may MD 12456 888 25 be be VB 12456 888 26 sought seek VBN 12456 888 27 in in IN 12456 888 28 histories history NNS 12456 888 29 specially specially RB 12456 888 30 devoted devoted JJ 12456 888 31 to to IN 12456 888 32 this this DT 12456 888 33 subject subject NN 12456 888 34 . . . 12456 889 1 CHAPTER chapter NN 12456 889 2 VIII viii NN 12456 889 3 [ [ -LRB- 12456 889 4 109 109 CD 12456 889 5 ] ] -RRB- 12456 889 6 THE the DT 12456 889 7 TROUBADOURS troubadours NN 12456 889 8 IN in IN 12456 889 9 SPAIN SPAIN NNP 12456 889 10 The the DT 12456 889 11 South South NNP 12456 889 12 of of IN 12456 889 13 France France NNP 12456 889 14 had have VBD 12456 889 15 been be VBN 12456 889 16 connected connect VBN 12456 889 17 with with IN 12456 889 18 the the DT 12456 889 19 North North NNP 12456 889 20 of of IN 12456 889 21 Spain Spain NNP 12456 889 22 from from IN 12456 889 23 a a DT 12456 889 24 period period NN 12456 889 25 long long JJ 12456 889 26 antecedent antecedent NN 12456 889 27 to to IN 12456 889 28 the the DT 12456 889 29 first first JJ 12456 889 30 appearance appearance NN 12456 889 31 of of IN 12456 889 32 troubadour troubadour JJ 12456 889 33 poetry poetry NN 12456 889 34 . . . 12456 890 1 As as RB 12456 890 2 early early RB 12456 890 3 as as IN 12456 890 4 the the DT 12456 890 5 Visigoth Visigoth NNP 12456 890 6 period period NN 12456 890 7 , , , 12456 890 8 Catalonia Catalonia NNP 12456 890 9 had have VBD 12456 890 10 been be VBN 12456 890 11 united unite VBN 12456 890 12 to to IN 12456 890 13 Southern Southern NNP 12456 890 14 France France NNP 12456 890 15 ; ; : 12456 890 16 in in IN 12456 890 17 the the DT 12456 890 18 case case NN 12456 890 19 of of IN 12456 890 20 this this DT 12456 890 21 province province NN 12456 890 22 the the DT 12456 890 23 tie tie NN 12456 890 24 was be VBD 12456 890 25 further far RBR 12456 890 26 strengthened strengthen VBN 12456 890 27 by by IN 12456 890 28 community community NN 12456 890 29 of of IN 12456 890 30 language language NN 12456 890 31 . . . 12456 891 1 On on IN 12456 891 2 the the DT 12456 891 3 western western JJ 12456 891 4 side side NN 12456 891 5 of of IN 12456 891 6 the the DT 12456 891 7 Pyrenees Pyrenees NNPS 12456 891 8 a a DT 12456 891 9 steady steady JJ 12456 891 10 stream stream NN 12456 891 11 of of IN 12456 891 12 pilgrims pilgrim NNS 12456 891 13 entered enter VBD 12456 891 14 the the DT 12456 891 15 Spanish spanish JJ 12456 891 16 peninsula peninsula NN 12456 891 17 on on IN 12456 891 18 their -PRON- PRP$ 12456 891 19 way way NN 12456 891 20 to to IN 12456 891 21 the the DT 12456 891 22 shrine shrine NN 12456 891 23 of of IN 12456 891 24 St St NNP 12456 891 25 James James NNP 12456 891 26 of of IN 12456 891 27 Compostella Compostella NNP 12456 891 28 in in IN 12456 891 29 Galicia Galicia NNP 12456 891 30 ; ; : 12456 891 31 this this DT 12456 891 32 road road NN 12456 891 33 was be VBD 12456 891 34 , , , 12456 891 35 indeed indeed RB 12456 891 36 , , , 12456 891 37 known know VBN 12456 891 38 in in IN 12456 891 39 Spain Spain NNP 12456 891 40 as as IN 12456 891 41 the the DT 12456 891 42 " " `` 12456 891 43 French french JJ 12456 891 44 road road NN 12456 891 45 . . . 12456 891 46 " " '' 12456 892 1 Catalonia Catalonia NNP 12456 892 2 was be VBD 12456 892 3 again again RB 12456 892 4 united united JJ 12456 892 5 with with IN 12456 892 6 Provence Provence NNP 12456 892 7 by by IN 12456 892 8 the the DT 12456 892 9 marriage marriage NN 12456 892 10 of of IN 12456 892 11 Raimon Raimon NNP 12456 892 12 Berengar Berengar NNP 12456 892 13 III III NNP 12456 892 14 . . . 12456 893 1 with with IN 12456 893 2 a a DT 12456 893 3 Provençal Provençal NNP 12456 893 4 heiress heiress NN 12456 893 5 in in IN 12456 893 6 1112 1112 CD 12456 893 7 . . . 12456 894 1 As as IN 12456 894 2 the the DT 12456 894 3 counts count NNS 12456 894 4 of of IN 12456 894 5 Barcelona Barcelona NNP 12456 894 6 and and CC 12456 894 7 the the DT 12456 894 8 kings king NNS 12456 894 9 of of IN 12456 894 10 Aragon Aragon NNP 12456 894 11 held hold VBD 12456 894 12 possessions possession NNS 12456 894 13 in in IN 12456 894 14 Southern Southern NNP 12456 894 15 France France NNP 12456 894 16 , , , 12456 894 17 communications communication NNS 12456 894 18 between between IN 12456 894 19 the the DT 12456 894 20 two two CD 12456 894 21 countries country NNS 12456 894 22 were be VBD 12456 894 23 naturally naturally RB 12456 894 24 frequent frequent JJ 12456 894 25 . . . 12456 895 1 We -PRON- PRP 12456 895 2 have have VBP 12456 895 3 already already RB 12456 895 4 had have VBN 12456 895 5 occasion occasion NN 12456 895 6 to to TO 12456 895 7 refer refer VB 12456 895 8 to to IN 12456 895 9 the the DT 12456 895 10 visits visit NNS 12456 895 11 of of IN 12456 895 12 various various JJ 12456 895 13 troubadours troubadour NNS 12456 895 14 to to IN 12456 895 15 the the DT 12456 895 16 courts court NNS 12456 895 17 of of IN 12456 895 18 Spain Spain NNP 12456 895 19 . . . 12456 896 1 The the DT 12456 896 2 " " `` 12456 896 3 reconquista reconquista NN 12456 896 4 , , , 12456 896 5 " " '' 12456 896 6 the the DT 12456 896 7 reconquest reconqu JJS 12456 896 8 of of IN 12456 896 9 Spain Spain NNP 12456 896 10 from from IN 12456 896 11 the the DT 12456 896 12 Moors Moors NNPS 12456 896 13 , , , 12456 896 14 was be VBD 12456 896 15 in in IN 12456 896 16 progress progress NN 12456 896 17 during during IN 12456 896 18 the the DT 12456 896 19 twelfth twelfth JJ 12456 896 20 and and CC 12456 896 21 thirteenth thirteenth JJ 12456 896 22 centuries century NNS 12456 896 23 , , , 12456 896 24 and and CC 12456 896 25 various various JJ 12456 896 26 crusade crusade NN 12456 896 27 poems poem NNS 12456 896 28 were be VBD 12456 896 29 written write VBN 12456 896 30 by by IN 12456 896 31 troubadours troubadour NNS 12456 896 32 [ [ -LRB- 12456 896 33 110 110 CD 12456 896 34 ] ] -RRB- 12456 896 35 summoning summon VBG 12456 896 36 help help NN 12456 896 37 to to IN 12456 896 38 the the DT 12456 896 39 Spaniards Spaniards NNPS 12456 896 40 in in IN 12456 896 41 their -PRON- PRP$ 12456 896 42 struggles struggle NNS 12456 896 43 . . . 12456 897 1 Marcabrun marcabrun NN 12456 897 2 was be VBD 12456 897 3 the the DT 12456 897 4 author author NN 12456 897 5 of of IN 12456 897 6 one one CD 12456 897 7 of of IN 12456 897 8 the the DT 12456 897 9 earliest early JJS 12456 897 10 of of IN 12456 897 11 these these DT 12456 897 12 , , , 12456 897 13 composed compose VBN 12456 897 14 for for IN 12456 897 15 the the DT 12456 897 16 benefit benefit NN 12456 897 17 of of IN 12456 897 18 Alfonso Alfonso NNP 12456 897 19 VIII VIII NNP 12456 897 20 . . . 12456 898 1 of of IN 12456 898 2 Castile Castile NNP 12456 898 3 and and CC 12456 898 4 possibly possibly RB 12456 898 5 referring refer VBG 12456 898 6 to to IN 12456 898 7 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 898 8 expedition expedition NN 12456 898 9 against against IN 12456 898 10 the the DT 12456 898 11 Moors Moors NNPS 12456 898 12 in in IN 12456 898 13 1147 1147 CD 12456 898 14 , , , 12456 898 15 which which WDT 12456 898 16 was be VBD 12456 898 17 undertaken undertake VBN 12456 898 18 in in IN 12456 898 19 conjunction conjunction NN 12456 898 20 with with IN 12456 898 21 the the DT 12456 898 22 kings king NNS 12456 898 23 of of IN 12456 898 24 Navarre Navarre NNP 12456 898 25 and and CC 12456 898 26 Aragon Aragon NNP 12456 898 27 . . . 12456 899 1 The the DT 12456 899 2 poem poem NN 12456 899 3 is be VBZ 12456 899 4 interesting interesting JJ 12456 899 5 for for IN 12456 899 6 its -PRON- PRP$ 12456 899 7 repetition repetition NN 12456 899 8 of of IN 12456 899 9 the the DT 12456 899 10 word word NN 12456 899 11 _ _ NNP 12456 899 12 lavador lavador NNP 12456 899 13 _ _ NNP 12456 899 14 or or CC 12456 899 15 piscina piscina NNP 12456 899 16 , , , 12456 899 17 used use VBD 12456 899 18 as as IN 12456 899 19 an an DT 12456 899 20 emblem emblem NN 12456 899 21 of of IN 12456 899 22 the the DT 12456 899 23 crusade crusade NN 12456 899 24 in in IN 12456 899 25 which which WDT 12456 899 26 the the DT 12456 899 27 participants participant NNS 12456 899 28 would would MD 12456 899 29 be be VB 12456 899 30 cleansed cleanse VBN 12456 899 31 of of IN 12456 899 32 their -PRON- PRP$ 12456 899 33 sins sin NNS 12456 899 34 . . . 12456 900 1 [ [ -LRB- 12456 900 2 32 32 CD 12456 900 3 ] ] -RRB- 12456 900 4 Pax Pax NNP 12456 900 5 in in IN 12456 900 6 nomine nomine NN 12456 900 7 Domini Domini NNP 12456 900 8 ! ! . 12456 901 1 Fetz Fetz NNP 12456 901 2 Marcabrus Marcabrus NNP 12456 901 3 los los NNP 12456 901 4 motz motz NNP 12456 901 5 e·l e·l NNP 12456 901 6 so so RB 12456 901 7 . . . 12456 902 1 Aujatz aujatz IN 12456 902 2 que que NNP 12456 902 3 di di FW 12456 902 4 : : : 12456 902 5 Cum Cum NNP 12456 902 6 nos nos NNP 12456 902 7 a a DT 12456 902 8 fait fait NN 12456 902 9 per per IN 12456 902 10 sa sa FW 12456 902 11 doussor doussor NN 12456 902 12 , , , 12456 902 13 Lo Lo NNP 12456 902 14 Seignorius Seignorius NNP 12456 902 15 celestiaus celestiaus NN 12456 902 16 Probet Probet NNP 12456 902 17 de de NNP 12456 902 18 nos nos NNP 12456 902 19 un un NNP 12456 902 20 lavador lavador NNP 12456 902 21 C'ane C'ane NNP 12456 902 22 , , , 12456 902 23 fors for NNS 12456 902 24 outramar outramar VBP 12456 902 25 , , , 12456 902 26 no·n no·n NNP 12456 902 27 ' ' POS 12456 902 28 fon fon NN 12456 902 29 taus taus NN 12456 902 30 , , , 12456 902 31 En En NNP 12456 902 32 de de NNP 12456 902 33 lai lai NNP 12456 902 34 deves deve NNS 12456 902 35 Josaphas Josaphas NNPS 12456 902 36 : : : 12456 902 37 E E NNP 12456 902 38 d'aquest d'aquest NNP 12456 902 39 de de FW 12456 902 40 sai sai NNP 12456 902 41 vos vos NNP 12456 902 42 conort conort NN 12456 902 43 . . . 12456 903 1 " " `` 12456 903 2 Pax Pax NNP 12456 903 3 , , , 12456 903 4 etc etc FW 12456 903 5 . . . 12456 903 6 ,---Marcabrun ,---Marcabrun NNP 12456 903 7 composed compose VBD 12456 903 8 the the DT 12456 903 9 words word NNS 12456 903 10 and and CC 12456 903 11 the the DT 12456 903 12 air air NN 12456 903 13 . . . 12456 904 1 Hear hear VB 12456 904 2 what what WP 12456 904 3 he -PRON- PRP 12456 904 4 says say VBZ 12456 904 5 . . . 12456 905 1 How how WRB 12456 905 2 , , , 12456 905 3 by by IN 12456 905 4 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 905 5 goodness goodness NN 12456 905 6 , , , 12456 905 7 the the DT 12456 905 8 Lord Lord NNP 12456 905 9 of of IN 12456 905 10 Heaven Heaven NNP 12456 905 11 , , , 12456 905 12 has have VBZ 12456 905 13 made make VBN 12456 905 14 near near IN 12456 905 15 us -PRON- PRP 12456 905 16 a a DT 12456 905 17 piscina piscina NN 12456 905 18 , , , 12456 905 19 such such JJ 12456 905 20 as as IN 12456 905 21 there there EX 12456 905 22 never never RB 12456 905 23 was be VBD 12456 905 24 , , , 12456 905 25 except except IN 12456 905 26 beyond beyond IN 12456 905 27 the the DT 12456 905 28 sea sea NN 12456 905 29 , , , 12456 905 30 there there RB 12456 905 31 by by IN 12456 905 32 Josaphat Josaphat NNP 12456 905 33 , , , 12456 905 34 and and CC 12456 905 35 for for IN 12456 905 36 this this DT 12456 905 37 one one NN 12456 905 38 near near IN 12456 905 39 here here RB 12456 905 40 do do VBP 12456 905 41 I -PRON- PRP 12456 905 42 exhort exhort VB 12456 905 43 you -PRON- PRP 12456 905 44 . . . 12456 905 45 " " '' 12456 906 1 Alfonso Alfonso NNP 12456 906 2 II II NNP 12456 906 3 . . . 12456 907 1 of of IN 12456 907 2 Aragon Aragon NNP 12456 907 3 ( ( -LRB- 12456 907 4 1162 1162 CD 12456 907 5 - - SYM 12456 907 6 1196 1196 CD 12456 907 7 ) ) -RRB- 12456 907 8 was be VBD 12456 907 9 a a DT 12456 907 10 constant constant JJ 12456 907 11 patron patron NN 12456 907 12 of of IN 12456 907 13 the the DT 12456 907 14 troubadours troubadour NNS 12456 907 15 , , , 12456 907 16 and and CC 12456 907 17 himself -PRON- PRP 12456 907 18 an an DT 12456 907 19 exponent exponent NN 12456 907 20 of of IN 12456 907 21 their -PRON- PRP$ 12456 907 22 art art NN 12456 907 23 . . . 12456 908 1 He -PRON- PRP 12456 908 2 belonged belong VBD 12456 908 3 to to IN 12456 908 4 the the DT 12456 908 5 family family NN 12456 908 6 of of IN 12456 908 7 the the DT 12456 908 8 counts count NNS 12456 908 9 of of IN 12456 908 10 Barcelona Barcelona NNP 12456 908 11 which which WDT 12456 908 12 became become VBD 12456 908 13 in in IN 12456 908 14 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 908 15 time time NN 12456 908 16 one one CD 12456 908 17 of of IN 12456 908 18 the the DT 12456 908 19 [ [ -LRB- 12456 908 20 111 111 CD 12456 908 21 ] ] -RRB- 12456 908 22 most most RBS 12456 908 23 powerful powerful JJ 12456 908 24 royal royal JJ 12456 908 25 houses house NNS 12456 908 26 in in IN 12456 908 27 the the DT 12456 908 28 West West NNP 12456 908 29 of of IN 12456 908 30 Europe Europe NNP 12456 908 31 . . . 12456 909 1 He -PRON- PRP 12456 909 2 was be VBD 12456 909 3 the the DT 12456 909 4 grandson grandson NN 12456 909 5 of of IN 12456 909 6 Raimon Raimon NNP 12456 909 7 Berengar Berengar NNP 12456 909 8 III III NNP 12456 909 9 . . . 12456 910 1 and and CC 12456 910 2 united unite VBN 12456 910 3 to to IN 12456 910 4 Barcelona Barcelona NNP 12456 910 5 by by IN 12456 910 6 marriage marriage NN 12456 910 7 and and CC 12456 910 8 diplomacy diplomacy NN 12456 910 9 , , , 12456 910 10 the the DT 12456 910 11 kingdom kingdom NN 12456 910 12 of of IN 12456 910 13 Aragon Aragon NNP 12456 910 14 , , , 12456 910 15 Provence Provence NNP 12456 910 16 and and CC 12456 910 17 Roussillon Roussillon NNP 12456 910 18 . . . 12456 911 1 His -PRON- PRP$ 12456 911 2 continual continual JJ 12456 911 3 visits visit NNS 12456 911 4 to to IN 12456 911 5 the the DT 12456 911 6 French french JJ 12456 911 7 part part NN 12456 911 8 of of IN 12456 911 9 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 911 10 dominions dominion NNS 12456 911 11 gave give VBD 12456 911 12 every every DT 12456 911 13 opportunity opportunity NN 12456 911 14 to to IN 12456 911 15 the the DT 12456 911 16 troubadours troubadour NNS 12456 911 17 to to TO 12456 911 18 gain gain VB 12456 911 19 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 911 20 favour favour NN 12456 911 21 : : : 12456 911 22 several several JJ 12456 911 23 were be VBD 12456 911 24 continually continually RB 12456 911 25 about about IN 12456 911 26 him -PRON- PRP 12456 911 27 and and CC 12456 911 28 there there EX 12456 911 29 were be VBD 12456 911 30 few few JJ 12456 911 31 who who WP 12456 911 32 did do VBD 12456 911 33 not not RB 12456 911 34 praise praise VB 12456 911 35 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 911 36 liberality liberality NN 12456 911 37 . . . 12456 912 1 A a DT 12456 912 2 discordant discordant JJ 12456 912 3 note note NN 12456 912 4 is be VBZ 12456 912 5 raised raise VBN 12456 912 6 by by IN 12456 912 7 Bertran Bertran NNP 12456 912 8 de de NNP 12456 912 9 Born Born NNP 12456 912 10 , , , 12456 912 11 who who WP 12456 912 12 composed compose VBD 12456 912 13 some some DT 12456 912 14 violent violent JJ 12456 912 15 _ _ NNP 12456 912 16 sirventes sirvente NNS 12456 912 17 _ _ NNP 12456 912 18 against against IN 12456 912 19 Alfonso Alfonso NNP 12456 912 20 ; ; : 12456 912 21 he -PRON- PRP 12456 912 22 was be VBD 12456 912 23 actuated actuate VBN 12456 912 24 by by IN 12456 912 25 political political JJ 12456 912 26 motives motive NNS 12456 912 27 : : : 12456 912 28 Alfonso Alfonso NNP 12456 912 29 had have VBD 12456 912 30 joined join VBN 12456 912 31 the the DT 12456 912 32 King King NNP 12456 912 33 of of IN 12456 912 34 England England NNP 12456 912 35 in in IN 12456 912 36 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 912 37 operations operation NNS 12456 912 38 against against IN 12456 912 39 Raimon Raimon NNP 12456 912 40 V. V. NNP 12456 912 41 of of IN 12456 912 42 Toulouse Toulouse NNP 12456 912 43 and and CC 12456 912 44 Bertran Bertran NNP 12456 912 45 's 's POS 12456 912 46 other other JJ 12456 912 47 allies ally NNS 12456 912 48 and and CC 12456 912 49 had have VBD 12456 912 50 been be VBN 12456 912 51 present present JJ 12456 912 52 at at IN 12456 912 53 the the DT 12456 912 54 capture capture NN 12456 912 55 of of IN 12456 912 56 Bertran Bertran NNP 12456 912 57 's 's POS 12456 912 58 castle castle NN 12456 912 59 of of IN 12456 912 60 Hautefort Hautefort NNP 12456 912 61 in in IN 12456 912 62 1183 1183 CD 12456 912 63 . . . 12456 913 1 The the DT 12456 913 2 biography biography NN 12456 913 3 relates relate VBZ 12456 913 4 that that IN 12456 913 5 in in IN 12456 913 6 the the DT 12456 913 7 course course NN 12456 913 8 of of IN 12456 913 9 the the DT 12456 913 10 siege siege NN 12456 913 11 , , , 12456 913 12 the the DT 12456 913 13 King King NNP 12456 913 14 of of IN 12456 913 15 Aragon Aragon NNP 12456 913 16 , , , 12456 913 17 who who WP 12456 913 18 had have VBD 12456 913 19 formerly formerly RB 12456 913 20 been be VBN 12456 913 21 in in IN 12456 913 22 friendly friendly JJ 12456 913 23 relations relation NNS 12456 913 24 with with IN 12456 913 25 Bertran Bertran NNP 12456 913 26 , , , 12456 913 27 sent send VBD 12456 913 28 a a DT 12456 913 29 messenger messenger NN 12456 913 30 into into IN 12456 913 31 the the DT 12456 913 32 fortress fortress NN 12456 913 33 asking ask VBG 12456 913 34 for for IN 12456 913 35 provisions provision NNS 12456 913 36 . . . 12456 914 1 These these DT 12456 914 2 Bertran Bertran NNP 12456 914 3 supplied supply VBD 12456 914 4 with with IN 12456 914 5 the the DT 12456 914 6 request request NN 12456 914 7 that that WDT 12456 914 8 the the DT 12456 914 9 king king NN 12456 914 10 would would MD 12456 914 11 secure secure VB 12456 914 12 the the DT 12456 914 13 removal removal NN 12456 914 14 of of IN 12456 914 15 the the DT 12456 914 16 siege siege NN 12456 914 17 engines engine NNS 12456 914 18 from from IN 12456 914 19 a a DT 12456 914 20 particular particular JJ 12456 914 21 piece piece NN 12456 914 22 of of IN 12456 914 23 wall wall NNP 12456 914 24 , , , 12456 914 25 which which WDT 12456 914 26 was be VBD 12456 914 27 on on IN 12456 914 28 the the DT 12456 914 29 point point NN 12456 914 30 of of IN 12456 914 31 destruction destruction NN 12456 914 32 and and CC 12456 914 33 would would MD 12456 914 34 keep keep VB 12456 914 35 the the DT 12456 914 36 information information NN 12456 914 37 secret secret JJ 12456 914 38 . . . 12456 915 1 Alfonso Alfonso NNP 12456 915 2 , , , 12456 915 3 however however RB 12456 915 4 , , , 12456 915 5 betrayed betray VBD 12456 915 6 the the DT 12456 915 7 message message NN 12456 915 8 and and CC 12456 915 9 the the DT 12456 915 10 fortress fortress NN 12456 915 11 was be VBD 12456 915 12 captured capture VBN 12456 915 13 . . . 12456 916 1 The the DT 12456 916 2 _ _ NNP 12456 916 3 razo razo NN 12456 916 4 _ _ NNP 12456 916 5 further further RB 12456 916 6 relates relate VBZ 12456 916 7 the the DT 12456 916 8 touching touching JJ 12456 916 9 scene scene NN 12456 916 10 to to TO 12456 916 11 which which WDT 12456 916 12 we -PRON- PRP 12456 916 13 have have VBP 12456 916 14 already already RB 12456 916 15 referred refer VBN 12456 916 16 when when WRB 12456 916 17 Bertran Bertran NNP 12456 916 18 moved move VBD 12456 916 19 Henry Henry NNP 12456 916 20 II II NNP 12456 916 21 . . . 12456 917 1 to to TO 12456 917 2 clemency clemency VB 12456 917 3 by by IN 12456 917 4 a a DT 12456 917 5 reference reference NN 12456 917 6 [ [ -LRB- 12456 917 7 112 112 CD 12456 917 8 ] ] -RRB- 12456 917 9 to to IN 12456 917 10 the the DT 12456 917 11 death death NN 12456 917 12 of of IN 12456 917 13 the the DT 12456 917 14 " " `` 12456 917 15 young young JJ 12456 917 16 king king NN 12456 917 17 . . . 12456 917 18 " " '' 12456 918 1 The the DT 12456 918 2 account account NN 12456 918 3 of of IN 12456 918 4 Alfonso Alfonso NNP 12456 918 5 's 's POS 12456 918 6 supposed suppose VBN 12456 918 7 treachery treachery NN 12456 918 8 is be VBZ 12456 918 9 probably probably RB 12456 918 10 no no RB 12456 918 11 less less RBR 12456 918 12 unhistorical unhistorical JJ 12456 918 13 : : : 12456 918 14 the the DT 12456 918 15 siege siege NN 12456 918 16 lasted last VBD 12456 918 17 only only RB 12456 918 18 a a DT 12456 918 19 week week NN 12456 918 20 and and CC 12456 918 21 it -PRON- PRP 12456 918 22 is be VBZ 12456 918 23 unlikely unlikely JJ 12456 918 24 that that IN 12456 918 25 the the DT 12456 918 26 besiegers besieger NNS 12456 918 27 would would MD 12456 918 28 have have VB 12456 918 29 been be VBN 12456 918 30 reduced reduce VBN 12456 918 31 to to TO 12456 918 32 want want VB 12456 918 33 in in IN 12456 918 34 so so RB 12456 918 35 short short JJ 12456 918 36 a a DT 12456 918 37 time time NN 12456 918 38 . . . 12456 919 1 It -PRON- PRP 12456 919 2 was be VBD 12456 919 3 probably probably RB 12456 919 4 invented invent VBN 12456 919 5 to to TO 12456 919 6 explain explain VB 12456 919 7 the the DT 12456 919 8 hostility hostility NN 12456 919 9 on on IN 12456 919 10 Bertran Bertran NNP 12456 919 11 's 's POS 12456 919 12 part part NN 12456 919 13 which which WDT 12456 919 14 dated date VBD 12456 919 15 from from IN 12456 919 16 the the DT 12456 919 17 wars war NNS 12456 919 18 between between IN 12456 919 19 Alfonso Alfonso NNP 12456 919 20 and and CC 12456 919 21 Raimon Raimon NNP 12456 919 22 V. V. NNP 12456 919 23 of of IN 12456 919 24 Toulouse Toulouse NNP 12456 919 25 . . . 12456 920 1 This this DT 12456 920 2 animosity animosity NN 12456 920 3 was be VBD 12456 920 4 trumpeted trumpet VBN 12456 920 5 forth forth RP 12456 920 6 in in IN 12456 920 7 two two CD 12456 920 8 lampooning lampoon VBG 12456 920 9 _ _ NNP 12456 920 10 sirventes sirvente NNS 12456 920 11 _ _ NNP 12456 920 12 criticising criticise VBG 12456 920 13 the the DT 12456 920 14 public public JJ 12456 920 15 policy policy NN 12456 920 16 and and CC 12456 920 17 the the DT 12456 920 18 private private JJ 12456 920 19 life life NN 12456 920 20 of of IN 12456 920 21 the the DT 12456 920 22 Spanish spanish JJ 12456 920 23 King King NNP 12456 920 24 . . . 12456 921 1 His -PRON- PRP$ 12456 921 2 accusations accusation NNS 12456 921 3 of of IN 12456 921 4 meanness meanness NN 12456 921 5 and and CC 12456 921 6 trickery trickery NN 12456 921 7 seem seem VBP 12456 921 8 to to TO 12456 921 9 be be VB 12456 921 10 based base VBN 12456 921 11 on on IN 12456 921 12 nothing nothing NN 12456 921 13 more more RBR 12456 921 14 reliable reliable JJ 12456 921 15 than than IN 12456 921 16 current current JJ 12456 921 17 gossip gossip NN 12456 921 18 . . . 12456 922 1 Peire Peire NNP 12456 922 2 Vidal Vidal NNP 12456 922 3 , , , 12456 922 4 with with IN 12456 922 5 the the DT 12456 922 6 majority majority NN 12456 922 7 of of IN 12456 922 8 the the DT 12456 922 9 troubadours troubadour NNS 12456 922 10 , , , 12456 922 11 shows show VBZ 12456 922 12 himself -PRON- PRP 12456 922 13 a a DT 12456 922 14 vigorous vigorous JJ 12456 922 15 supporter supporter NN 12456 922 16 of of IN 12456 922 17 Alfonso Alfonso NNP 12456 922 18 . . . 12456 923 1 Referring refer VBG 12456 923 2 to to IN 12456 923 3 this this DT 12456 923 4 same same JJ 12456 923 5 expedition expedition NN 12456 923 6 of of IN 12456 923 7 1183 1183 CD 12456 923 8 he -PRON- PRP 12456 923 9 asserted assert VBD 12456 923 10 " " `` 12456 923 11 Had have VBD 12456 923 12 I -PRON- PRP 12456 923 13 but but CC 12456 923 14 a a DT 12456 923 15 speedy speedy JJ 12456 923 16 horse horse NN 12456 923 17 , , , 12456 923 18 the the DT 12456 923 19 king king NN 12456 923 20 might may MD 12456 923 21 sleep sleep VB 12456 923 22 in in IN 12456 923 23 peace peace NN 12456 923 24 at at IN 12456 923 25 Balaguer Balaguer NNP 12456 923 26 : : : 12456 923 27 I -PRON- PRP 12456 923 28 would would MD 12456 923 29 keep keep VB 12456 923 30 Provence Provence NNP 12456 923 31 and and CC 12456 923 32 Montpelier Montpelier NNP 12456 923 33 in in IN 12456 923 34 such such JJ 12456 923 35 order order NN 12456 923 36 that that IN 12456 923 37 robbers robber NNS 12456 923 38 and and CC 12456 923 39 freebooters freebooter NNS 12456 923 40 should should MD 12456 923 41 no no RB 12456 923 42 longer longer RB 12456 923 43 plunder plunder VB 12456 923 44 Venaissin Venaissin NNP 12456 923 45 and and CC 12456 923 46 Crau Crau NNP 12456 923 47 . . . 12456 924 1 When when WRB 12456 924 2 I -PRON- PRP 12456 924 3 have have VBP 12456 924 4 put put VBN 12456 924 5 on on IN 12456 924 6 my -PRON- PRP$ 12456 924 7 shining shine VBG 12456 924 8 cuirass cuirass NN 12456 924 9 and and CC 12456 924 10 girded gird VBD 12456 924 11 on on IN 12456 924 12 the the DT 12456 924 13 sword sword NN 12456 924 14 that that WDT 12456 924 15 Guigo Guigo NNP 12456 924 16 lately lately RB 12456 924 17 gave give VBD 12456 924 18 me -PRON- PRP 12456 924 19 , , , 12456 924 20 the the DT 12456 924 21 earth earth NN 12456 924 22 trembles tremble VBZ 12456 924 23 beneath beneath IN 12456 924 24 my -PRON- PRP$ 12456 924 25 feet foot NNS 12456 924 26 ; ; : 12456 924 27 no no DT 12456 924 28 enemy enemy NN 12456 924 29 so so RB 12456 924 30 mighty mighty RB 12456 924 31 who who WP 12456 924 32 does do VBZ 12456 924 33 not not RB 12456 924 34 forthwith forthwith VB 12456 924 35 avoid avoid VB 12456 924 36 out out IN 12456 924 37 of of IN 12456 924 38 my -PRON- PRP$ 12456 924 39 path path NN 12456 924 40 , , , 12456 924 41 so so CC 12456 924 42 great great JJ 12456 924 43 is be VBZ 12456 924 44 their -PRON- PRP$ 12456 924 45 fear fear NN 12456 924 46 of of IN 12456 924 47 me -PRON- PRP 12456 924 48 when when WRB 12456 924 49 they -PRON- PRP 12456 924 50 hear hear VBP 12456 924 51 my -PRON- PRP$ 12456 924 52 steps step NNS 12456 924 53 . . . 12456 924 54 " " '' 12456 925 1 These these DT 12456 925 2 boasts boast VBZ 12456 925 3 in in IN 12456 925 4 the the DT 12456 925 5 style style NN 12456 925 6 of of IN 12456 925 7 Captain Captain NNP 12456 925 8 Matamoros Matamoros NNP 12456 925 9 are be VBP 12456 925 10 , , , 12456 925 11 of of IN 12456 925 12 course course NN 12456 925 13 , , , 12456 925 14 not not RB 12456 925 15 serious serious JJ 12456 925 16 : : : 12456 925 17 the the DT 12456 925 18 poet poet NN 12456 925 19 's 's POS 12456 925 20 personal personal JJ 12456 925 21 appearance appearance NN 12456 925 22 seems seem VBZ 12456 925 23 to to TO 12456 925 24 have have VB 12456 925 25 been be VBN 12456 925 26 enough enough JJ 12456 925 27 to to TO 12456 925 28 preclude preclude VB 12456 925 29 any any DT 12456 925 30 suppositions supposition NNS 12456 925 31 of of IN 12456 925 32 the the DT 12456 925 33 kind kind NN 12456 925 34 . . . 12456 926 1 In in IN 12456 926 2 [ [ -LRB- 12456 926 3 113 113 CD 12456 926 4 ] ] -RRB- 12456 926 5 another another DT 12456 926 6 poem poem NN 12456 926 7 he -PRON- PRP 12456 926 8 sings sing VBZ 12456 926 9 the the DT 12456 926 10 praises praise NNS 12456 926 11 of of IN 12456 926 12 Sancha Sancha NNP 12456 926 13 , , , 12456 926 14 daughter daughter NN 12456 926 15 of of IN 12456 926 16 Alfonso Alfonso NNP 12456 926 17 VIII VIII NNP 12456 926 18 . . . 12456 927 1 of of IN 12456 927 2 Castile Castile NNP 12456 927 3 , , , 12456 927 4 who who WP 12456 927 5 married marry VBD 12456 927 6 Alfonso Alfonso NNP 12456 927 7 II II NNP 12456 927 8 . . . 12456 928 1 of of IN 12456 928 2 Aragon Aragon NNP 12456 928 3 in in IN 12456 928 4 1174 1174 CD 12456 928 5 . . . 12456 929 1 With with IN 12456 929 2 the the DT 12456 929 3 common common JJ 12456 929 4 sense sense NN 12456 929 5 in in IN 12456 929 6 political political JJ 12456 929 7 matters matter NNS 12456 929 8 which which WDT 12456 929 9 is be VBZ 12456 929 10 so so RB 12456 929 11 strangely strangely RB 12456 929 12 conjoined conjoin VBN 12456 929 13 with with IN 12456 929 14 the the DT 12456 929 15 whimsicality whimsicality NN 12456 929 16 of of IN 12456 929 17 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 929 18 actions action NNS 12456 929 19 , , , 12456 929 20 he -PRON- PRP 12456 929 21 puts put VBZ 12456 929 22 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 929 23 finger finger NN 12456 929 24 upon upon IN 12456 929 25 the the DT 12456 929 26 weak weak JJ 12456 929 27 spot spot NN 12456 929 28 in in IN 12456 929 29 Spanish spanish JJ 12456 929 30 politics politic NNS 12456 929 31 when when WRB 12456 929 32 he -PRON- PRP 12456 929 33 refers refer VBZ 12456 929 34 to to IN 12456 929 35 the the DT 12456 929 36 disunion disunion NN 12456 929 37 between between IN 12456 929 38 the the DT 12456 929 39 four four CD 12456 929 40 kings king NNS 12456 929 41 , , , 12456 929 42 Alfonso Alfonso NNP 12456 929 43 II II NNP 12456 929 44 . . . 12456 930 1 of of IN 12456 930 2 Aragon Aragon NNP 12456 930 3 , , , 12456 930 4 Alfonso Alfonso NNP 12456 930 5 IX IX NNP 12456 930 6 . . . 12456 931 1 of of IN 12456 931 2 Leon Leon NNP 12456 931 3 , , , 12456 931 4 Alfonso Alfonso NNP 12456 931 5 VIII VIII NNP 12456 931 6 . . . 12456 932 1 of of IN 12456 932 2 Castile Castile NNP 12456 932 3 and and CC 12456 932 4 Sancho Sancho NNP 12456 932 5 Garcés Garcés NNPS 12456 932 6 of of IN 12456 932 7 Navarre Navarre NNP 12456 932 8 : : : 12456 932 9 " " `` 12456 932 10 little little JJ 12456 932 11 honour honour NN 12456 932 12 is be VBZ 12456 932 13 due due JJ 12456 932 14 to to IN 12456 932 15 the the DT 12456 932 16 four four CD 12456 932 17 kings king NNS 12456 932 18 of of IN 12456 932 19 Spain Spain NNP 12456 932 20 for for IN 12456 932 21 that that DT 12456 932 22 they -PRON- PRP 12456 932 23 can can MD 12456 932 24 not not RB 12456 932 25 keep keep VB 12456 932 26 peace peace NN 12456 932 27 with with IN 12456 932 28 one one CD 12456 932 29 another another DT 12456 932 30 ; ; : 12456 932 31 since since IN 12456 932 32 in in IN 12456 932 33 other other JJ 12456 932 34 respects respect NNS 12456 932 35 they -PRON- PRP 12456 932 36 are be VBP 12456 932 37 of of IN 12456 932 38 great great JJ 12456 932 39 worth worth JJ 12456 932 40 , , , 12456 932 41 dexterous dexterous JJ 12456 932 42 , , , 12456 932 43 open open JJ 12456 932 44 , , , 12456 932 45 courteous courteous JJ 12456 932 46 and and CC 12456 932 47 loyal loyal JJ 12456 932 48 , , , 12456 932 49 so so IN 12456 932 50 that that IN 12456 932 51 they -PRON- PRP 12456 932 52 should should MD 12456 932 53 direct direct VB 12456 932 54 their -PRON- PRP$ 12456 932 55 efforts effort NNS 12456 932 56 to to TO 12456 932 57 better well JJR 12456 932 58 purpose purpose VB 12456 932 59 and and CC 12456 932 60 wage wage VB 12456 932 61 war war NN 12456 932 62 elsewhere elsewhere RB 12456 932 63 against against IN 12456 932 64 the the DT 12456 932 65 people people NNS 12456 932 66 who who WP 12456 932 67 do do VBP 12456 932 68 not not RB 12456 932 69 believe believe VB 12456 932 70 our -PRON- PRP$ 12456 932 71 law law NN 12456 932 72 , , , 12456 932 73 until until IN 12456 932 74 the the DT 12456 932 75 whole whole NN 12456 932 76 of of IN 12456 932 77 Spain Spain NNP 12456 932 78 professes profess VBZ 12456 932 79 one one CD 12456 932 80 and and CC 12456 932 81 the the DT 12456 932 82 same same JJ 12456 932 83 faith faith NN 12456 932 84 . . . 12456 932 85 " " '' 12456 933 1 The the DT 12456 933 2 Monk Monk NNP 12456 933 3 of of IN 12456 933 4 Montaudon Montaudon NNP 12456 933 5 , , , 12456 933 6 Peire Peire NNP 12456 933 7 Raimon Raimon NNP 12456 933 8 of of IN 12456 933 9 Toulouse Toulouse NNP 12456 933 10 , , , 12456 933 11 Uc Uc NNP 12456 933 12 de de NNP 12456 933 13 San San NNP 12456 933 14 Circ Circ NNP 12456 933 15 , , , 12456 933 16 Uc Uc NNP 12456 933 17 Brunet Brunet NNP 12456 933 18 and and CC 12456 933 19 other other JJ 12456 933 20 troubadours troubadour NNS 12456 933 21 of of IN 12456 933 22 less less JJR 12456 933 23 importance importance NN 12456 933 24 also also RB 12456 933 25 enjoyed enjoy VBD 12456 933 26 Alfonso Alfonso NNP 12456 933 27 's 's POS 12456 933 28 patronage patronage NN 12456 933 29 . . . 12456 934 1 Guiraut Guiraut NNP 12456 934 2 de de FW 12456 934 3 Bornelh Bornelh NNP 12456 934 4 sent send VBD 12456 934 5 a a DT 12456 934 6 poem poem NN 12456 934 7 to to IN 12456 934 8 the the DT 12456 934 9 Catalonian catalonian JJ 12456 934 10 court court NN 12456 934 11 in in IN 12456 934 12 terms term NNS 12456 934 13 which which WDT 12456 934 14 seemed seem VBD 12456 934 15 to to TO 12456 934 16 show show VB 12456 934 17 that that IN 12456 934 18 the the DT 12456 934 19 simple simple JJ 12456 934 20 style style NN 12456 934 21 of of IN 12456 934 22 poetry poetry NN 12456 934 23 was be VBD 12456 934 24 there there RB 12456 934 25 preferred prefer VBN 12456 934 26 to to IN 12456 934 27 complicated complicated JJ 12456 934 28 obscurities obscurity NNS 12456 934 29 . . . 12456 935 1 The the DT 12456 935 2 same same JJ 12456 935 3 troubadour troubadour NN 12456 935 4 was be VBD 12456 935 5 sufficiently sufficiently RB 12456 935 6 familiar familiar JJ 12456 935 7 with with IN 12456 935 8 Alfonso Alfonso NNP 12456 935 9 's 's POS 12456 935 10 successor successor NN 12456 935 11 , , , 12456 935 12 Pedro Pedro NNP 12456 935 13 II II NNP 12456 935 14 . . NNP 12456 935 15 , , , 12456 935 16 to to TO 12456 935 17 take take VB 12456 935 18 part part NN 12456 935 19 in in IN 12456 935 20 a a DT 12456 935 21 _ _ NNP 12456 935 22 tenso tenso NN 12456 935 23 _ _ NNP 12456 935 24 with with IN 12456 935 25 him -PRON- PRP 12456 935 26 . . . 12456 936 1 Pedro Pedro NNP 12456 936 2 II II NNP 12456 936 3 . . . 12456 937 1 ( ( -LRB- 12456 937 2 1196 1196 CD 12456 937 3 - - SYM 12456 937 4 1213 1213 CD 12456 937 5 ) ) -RRB- 12456 937 6 was be VBD 12456 937 7 no no RB 12456 937 8 less less RBR 12456 937 9 popular popular JJ 12456 937 10 with with IN 12456 937 11 the the DT 12456 937 12 troubadours troubadour NNS 12456 937 13 than than IN 12456 937 14 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 937 15 [ [ -LRB- 12456 937 16 114 114 CD 12456 937 17 ] ] -RRB- 12456 937 18 father father NN 12456 937 19 . . . 12456 938 1 Aimeric Aimeric NNP 12456 938 2 de de NNP 12456 938 3 Pegulhan Pegulhan NNP 12456 938 4 , , , 12456 938 5 though though IN 12456 938 6 more more RBR 12456 938 7 closely closely RB 12456 938 8 connected connected JJ 12456 938 9 with with IN 12456 938 10 the the DT 12456 938 11 court court NN 12456 938 12 of of IN 12456 938 13 Castile Castile NNP 12456 938 14 , , , 12456 938 15 is be VBZ 12456 938 16 loud loud JJ 12456 938 17 in in IN 12456 938 18 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 938 19 praises praise NNS 12456 938 20 of of IN 12456 938 21 Pedro Pedro NNP 12456 938 22 , , , 12456 938 23 " " '' 12456 938 24 the the DT 12456 938 25 flower flower NN 12456 938 26 of of IN 12456 938 27 courtesy courtesy NN 12456 938 28 , , , 12456 938 29 the the DT 12456 938 30 green green JJ 12456 938 31 leaf leaf NN 12456 938 32 of of IN 12456 938 33 delight delight NN 12456 938 34 , , , 12456 938 35 the the DT 12456 938 36 fruit fruit NN 12456 938 37 of of IN 12456 938 38 noble noble JJ 12456 938 39 deeds deed NNS 12456 938 40 . . . 12456 938 41 " " '' 12456 939 1 Pedro Pedro NNP 12456 939 2 supported support VBD 12456 939 3 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 939 4 brother brother NN 12456 939 5 - - HYPH 12456 939 6 in in IN 12456 939 7 - - HYPH 12456 939 8 law law NN 12456 939 9 , , , 12456 939 10 Raimon Raimon NNP 12456 939 11 VI VI NNP 12456 939 12 . . . 12456 940 1 of of IN 12456 940 2 Toulouse Toulouse NNP 12456 940 3 , , , 12456 940 4 against against IN 12456 940 5 the the DT 12456 940 6 crusaders crusader NNS 12456 940 7 and and CC 12456 940 8 Simon Simon NNP 12456 940 9 de de NNP 12456 940 10 Montfort Montfort NNP 12456 940 11 during during IN 12456 940 12 the the DT 12456 940 13 Albigeois Albigeois NNP 12456 940 14 crusade crusade NN 12456 940 15 and and CC 12456 940 16 was be VBD 12456 940 17 killed kill VBN 12456 940 18 near near IN 12456 940 19 Toulouse Toulouse NNP 12456 940 20 in in IN 12456 940 21 the the DT 12456 940 22 battle battle NN 12456 940 23 of of IN 12456 940 24 Muret Muret NNP 12456 940 25 . . . 12456 941 1 The the DT 12456 941 2 Chanson Chanson NNP 12456 941 3 de de NNP 12456 941 4 la la NNP 12456 941 5 Croisade Croisade NNP 12456 941 6 does do VBZ 12456 941 7 not not RB 12456 941 8 underestimate underestimate VB 12456 941 9 the the DT 12456 941 10 impression impression NN 12456 941 11 made make VBN 12456 941 12 by by IN 12456 941 13 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 941 14 death death NN 12456 941 15 . . . 12456 942 1 Mot Mot NNP 12456 942 2 fo fo NNP 12456 942 3 grans grans NNPS 12456 942 4 lo lo NNP 12456 942 5 dampnatges dampnatges NNP 12456 942 6 e·l e·l NNP 12456 942 7 dols dol VBZ 12456 942 8 e·l e·l JJ 12456 942 9 perdementz perdementz NN 12456 942 10 Ca can MD 12456 942 11 nt not RB 12456 942 12 lo lo VB 12456 942 13 reis reis NNP 12456 942 14 d'Arago d'Arago NNP 12456 942 15 remas remas NNP 12456 942 16 mort mort NNP 12456 942 17 e e NNP 12456 942 18 sagnens sagnens NNP 12456 942 19 , , , 12456 942 20 E E NNP 12456 942 21 mot mot NN 12456 942 22 d'autres d'autres NNP 12456 942 23 baros baros NNP 12456 942 24 , , , 12456 942 25 don don NNP 12456 942 26 fo fo NNP 12456 942 27 grans grans NNP 12456 942 28 l'aunimens l'aunimens NNP 12456 942 29 A A NNP 12456 942 30 tot tot NN 12456 942 31 crestianesme crestianesme NN 12456 942 32 et et FW 12456 942 33 a a DT 12456 942 34 trastotas trastotas NN 12456 942 35 gens gen VBZ 12456 942 36 . . . 12456 943 1 " " `` 12456 943 2 Great great JJ 12456 943 3 was be VBD 12456 943 4 the the DT 12456 943 5 damage damage NN 12456 943 6 and and CC 12456 943 7 the the DT 12456 943 8 grief grief NN 12456 943 9 and and CC 12456 943 10 the the DT 12456 943 11 loss loss NN 12456 943 12 when when WRB 12456 943 13 the the DT 12456 943 14 King King NNP 12456 943 15 of of IN 12456 943 16 Aragon Aragon NNP 12456 943 17 remained remain VBD 12456 943 18 dead dead JJ 12456 943 19 and and CC 12456 943 20 bleeding bleed VBG 12456 943 21 with with IN 12456 943 22 many many JJ 12456 943 23 other other JJ 12456 943 24 barons baron NNS 12456 943 25 , , , 12456 943 26 whence whence NN 12456 943 27 was be VBD 12456 943 28 great great JJ 12456 943 29 shame shame NN 12456 943 30 to to IN 12456 943 31 all all DT 12456 943 32 Christendom Christendom NNP 12456 943 33 and and CC 12456 943 34 to to IN 12456 943 35 all all DT 12456 943 36 people people NNS 12456 943 37 . . . 12456 943 38 " " '' 12456 944 1 The the DT 12456 944 2 Court Court NNP 12456 944 3 of of IN 12456 944 4 Castile Castile NNP 12456 944 5 attracted attract VBD 12456 944 6 the the DT 12456 944 7 attention attention NN 12456 944 8 and and CC 12456 944 9 the the DT 12456 944 10 visits visit NNS 12456 944 11 of of IN 12456 944 12 the the DT 12456 944 13 troubadours troubadour NNS 12456 944 14 , , , 12456 944 15 chiefly chiefly RB 12456 944 16 during during IN 12456 944 17 the the DT 12456 944 18 reign reign NN 12456 944 19 of of IN 12456 944 20 Alfonso Alfonso NNP 12456 944 21 VIII VIII NNP 12456 944 22 . . . 12456 945 1 ( ( -LRB- 12456 945 2 or or CC 12456 945 3 III iii CD 12456 945 4 . . . 12456 946 1 ; ; : 12456 946 2 1158 1158 CD 12456 946 3 - - SYM 12456 946 4 1214 1214 CD 12456 946 5 ) ) -RRB- 12456 946 6 the the DT 12456 946 7 hero hero NN 12456 946 8 of of IN 12456 946 9 Las Las NNP 12456 946 10 Navas Navas NNP 12456 946 11 de de NNP 12456 946 12 Tolosa Tolosa NNP 12456 946 13 , , , 12456 946 14 the the DT 12456 946 15 most most RBS 12456 946 16 decisive decisive JJ 12456 946 17 defeat defeat NN 12456 946 18 which which WDT 12456 946 19 the the DT 12456 946 20 Arab arab JJ 12456 946 21 power power NN 12456 946 22 in in IN 12456 946 23 the the DT 12456 946 24 West West NNP 12456 946 25 had have VBD 12456 946 26 sustained sustain VBN 12456 946 27 since since IN 12456 946 28 the the DT 12456 946 29 days day NNS 12456 946 30 of of IN 12456 946 31 Charles Charles NNP 12456 946 32 Martel Martel NNP 12456 946 33 . . . 12456 947 1 The the DT 12456 947 2 preceding precede VBG 12456 947 3 defeat defeat NN 12456 947 4 of of IN 12456 947 5 Alfonso Alfonso NNP 12456 947 6 's 's POS 12456 947 7 forces force NNS 12456 947 8 at at IN 12456 947 9 Alarcos Alarcos NNP 12456 947 10 in in IN 12456 947 11 1195 1195 CD 12456 947 12 had have VBD 12456 947 13 called call VBN 12456 947 14 forth forth RP 12456 947 15 a a DT 12456 947 16 fine fine JJ 12456 947 17 crusade crusade NN 12456 947 18 _ _ NNP 12456 947 19 sirventes sirvente NNS 12456 947 20 _ _ NNP 12456 947 21 from from IN 12456 947 22 Folquet Folquet NNP 12456 947 23 of of IN 12456 947 24 Marseilles Marseilles NNPS 12456 947 25 appealing appeal VBG 12456 947 26 to to IN 12456 947 27 Christians Christians NNPS 12456 947 28 in in IN 12456 947 29 general general JJ 12456 947 30 and and CC 12456 947 31 the the DT 12456 947 32 King King NNP 12456 947 33 of of IN 12456 947 34 Aragon Aragon NNP 12456 947 35 in in IN 12456 947 36 particular particular JJ 12456 947 37 [ [ -LRB- 12456 947 38 115 115 CD 12456 947 39 ] ] -RRB- 12456 947 40 to to TO 12456 947 41 join join VB 12456 947 42 forces force NNS 12456 947 43 against against IN 12456 947 44 the the DT 12456 947 45 infidels infidel NNS 12456 947 46 . . . 12456 948 1 The the DT 12456 948 2 death death NN 12456 948 3 of of IN 12456 948 4 Alfonso Alfonso NNP 12456 948 5 's 's POS 12456 948 6 son son NN 12456 948 7 , , , 12456 948 8 Fernando Fernando NNP 12456 948 9 , , , 12456 948 10 in in IN 12456 948 11 1211 1211 CD 12456 948 12 from from IN 12456 948 13 an an DT 12456 948 14 illness illness NN 12456 948 15 contracted contract VBN 12456 948 16 in in IN 12456 948 17 the the DT 12456 948 18 course course NN 12456 948 19 of of IN 12456 948 20 a a DT 12456 948 21 campaign campaign NN 12456 948 22 against against IN 12456 948 23 the the DT 12456 948 24 infidels infidel NNS 12456 948 25 was be VBD 12456 948 26 lamented lament VBN 12456 948 27 by by IN 12456 948 28 Guiraut Guiraut NNP 12456 948 29 de de NNP 12456 948 30 Calanso Calanso NNP 12456 948 31 , , , 12456 948 32 a a DT 12456 948 33 Gascon Gascon NNP 12456 948 34 troubadour troubadour NN 12456 948 35 . . . 12456 949 1 Lo Lo NNP 12456 949 2 larc larc NNP 12456 949 3 e·l e·l NNP 12456 949 4 franc franc NNP 12456 949 5 , , , 12456 949 6 lo lo NNP 12456 949 7 valen valen NNP 12456 949 8 e·l e·l NNP 12456 949 9 grazitz grazitz NNP 12456 949 10 , , , 12456 949 11 Don Don NNP 12456 949 12 cuiavon cuiavon NNP 12456 949 13 qu'en qu'en NN 12456 949 14 fos fos NN 12456 949 15 esmendatz esmendatz NN 12456 949 16 Lo Lo NNP 12456 949 17 jove jove NNP 12456 949 18 reys rey NNS 12456 949 19 , , , 12456 949 20 e·n e·n NNP 12456 949 21 Richartz Richartz NNP 12456 949 22 lo lo NNP 12456 949 23 prezatz prezatz NNP 12456 949 24 E·l E·l NNP 12456 949 25 coms com NNS 12456 949 26 Jaufres Jaufres NNP 12456 949 27 , , , 12456 949 28 tug tug NNP 12456 949 29 li li NNP 12456 949 30 trey trey NNP 12456 949 31 valen valen NNP 12456 949 32 fraire fraire NNP 12456 949 33 . . . 12456 950 1 " " `` 12456 950 2 The the DT 12456 950 3 generous generous JJ 12456 950 4 and and CC 12456 950 5 frank frank JJ 12456 950 6 , , , 12456 950 7 the the DT 12456 950 8 worthy worthy JJ 12456 950 9 and and CC 12456 950 10 attractive attractive JJ 12456 950 11 of of IN 12456 950 12 whom whom WP 12456 950 13 men man NNS 12456 950 14 thought think VBD 12456 950 15 that that IN 12456 950 16 in in IN 12456 950 17 him -PRON- PRP 12456 950 18 were be VBD 12456 950 19 increased increase VBN 12456 950 20 the the DT 12456 950 21 qualities quality NNS 12456 950 22 of of IN 12456 950 23 the the DT 12456 950 24 young young JJ 12456 950 25 king king NN 12456 950 26 , , , 12456 950 27 of of IN 12456 950 28 Richard Richard NNP 12456 950 29 the the DT 12456 950 30 high high JJ 12456 950 31 renowned renowned JJ 12456 950 32 , , , 12456 950 33 and and CC 12456 950 34 of of IN 12456 950 35 the the DT 12456 950 36 Count Count NNP 12456 950 37 Godfrey Godfrey NNP 12456 950 38 , , , 12456 950 39 all all PDT 12456 950 40 the the DT 12456 950 41 three three CD 12456 950 42 valiant valiant JJ 12456 950 43 brothers brother NNS 12456 950 44 . . . 12456 950 45 " " '' 12456 951 1 Peire Peire NNP 12456 951 2 Vidal Vidal NNP 12456 951 3 in in IN 12456 951 4 one one CD 12456 951 5 of of IN 12456 951 6 the the DT 12456 951 7 poems poem NNS 12456 951 8 which which WDT 12456 951 9 he -PRON- PRP 12456 951 10 addressed address VBD 12456 951 11 to to IN 12456 951 12 Alfonso Alfonso NNP 12456 951 13 VIII VIII NNP 12456 951 14 . . . 12456 951 15 , , , 12456 951 16 speaks speak VBZ 12456 951 17 of of IN 12456 951 18 the the DT 12456 951 19 attractions attraction NNS 12456 951 20 of of IN 12456 951 21 Spain Spain NNP 12456 951 22 . . . 12456 952 1 " " `` 12456 952 2 Spain Spain NNP 12456 952 3 is be VBZ 12456 952 4 a a DT 12456 952 5 good good JJ 12456 952 6 country country NN 12456 952 7 ; ; : 12456 952 8 its -PRON- PRP$ 12456 952 9 kings king NNS 12456 952 10 and and CC 12456 952 11 lords lord NNS 12456 952 12 are be VBP 12456 952 13 kindly kindly RB 12456 952 14 and and CC 12456 952 15 loving loving JJ 12456 952 16 , , , 12456 952 17 generous generous JJ 12456 952 18 and and CC 12456 952 19 noble noble JJ 12456 952 20 , , , 12456 952 21 of of IN 12456 952 22 courteous courteous JJ 12456 952 23 company company NN 12456 952 24 ; ; : 12456 952 25 other other JJ 12456 952 26 barons baron NNS 12456 952 27 there there EX 12456 952 28 are be VBP 12456 952 29 , , , 12456 952 30 noble noble JJ 12456 952 31 and and CC 12456 952 32 hospitable hospitable JJ 12456 952 33 , , , 12456 952 34 men man NNS 12456 952 35 of of IN 12456 952 36 sense sense NN 12456 952 37 and and CC 12456 952 38 knowledge knowledge NN 12456 952 39 , , , 12456 952 40 valiant valiant NN 12456 952 41 and and CC 12456 952 42 renowned renowned JJ 12456 952 43 . . . 12456 952 44 " " '' 12456 953 1 Raimon Raimon NNP 12456 953 2 Vidal Vidal NNP 12456 953 3 of of IN 12456 953 4 Bezaudun Bezaudun NNP 12456 953 5 , , , 12456 953 6 a a DT 12456 953 7 Catalonian catalonian JJ 12456 953 8 troubadour troubadour NN 12456 953 9 has have VBZ 12456 953 10 given give VBN 12456 953 11 a a DT 12456 953 12 description description NN 12456 953 13 of of IN 12456 953 14 Alfonso Alfonso NNP 12456 953 15 's 's POS 12456 953 16 court court NN 12456 953 17 in in IN 12456 953 18 one one CD 12456 953 19 of of IN 12456 953 20 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 953 21 _ _ NNP 12456 953 22 novelas novelas NNP 12456 953 23 _ _ NNP 12456 953 24 . . . 12456 954 1 " " `` 12456 954 2 I -PRON- PRP 12456 954 3 wish wish VBP 12456 954 4 to to TO 12456 954 5 relate relate VB 12456 954 6 a a DT 12456 954 7 story story NN 12456 954 8 which which WDT 12456 954 9 I -PRON- PRP 12456 954 10 heard hear VBD 12456 954 11 a a DT 12456 954 12 joglar joglar NNP 12456 954 13 tell tell VB 12456 954 14 at at IN 12456 954 15 the the DT 12456 954 16 court court NN 12456 954 17 of of IN 12456 954 18 the the DT 12456 954 19 wisest wise JJS 12456 954 20 king king NN 12456 954 21 that that WDT 12456 954 22 ever ever RB 12456 954 23 was be VBD 12456 954 24 , , , 12456 954 25 King King NNP 12456 954 26 Alfonso Alfonso NNP 12456 954 27 of of IN 12456 954 28 Castile Castile NNP 12456 954 29 , , , 12456 954 30 where where WRB 12456 954 31 were be VBD 12456 954 32 presents present NNS 12456 954 33 and and CC 12456 954 34 gifts gift NNS 12456 954 35 , , , 12456 954 36 judgment judgment NN 12456 954 37 , , , 12456 954 38 worth worth JJ 12456 954 39 and and CC 12456 954 40 courtesy courtesy NN 12456 954 41 , , , 12456 954 42 spirit spirit NN 12456 954 43 and and CC 12456 954 44 chivalry chivalry NN 12456 954 45 , , , 12456 954 46 though though IN 12456 954 47 he -PRON- PRP 12456 954 48 was be VBD 12456 954 49 not not RB 12456 954 50 anointed anoint VBN 12456 954 51 or or CC 12456 954 52 sacred sacred JJ 12456 954 53 , , , 12456 954 54 but but CC 12456 954 55 crowned crown VBN 12456 954 56 with with IN 12456 954 57 praise praise NN 12456 954 58 , , , 12456 954 59 [ [ -LRB- 12456 954 60 116 116 CD 12456 954 61 ] ] -RRB- 12456 954 62 sense sense NN 12456 954 63 , , , 12456 954 64 worth worth JJ 12456 954 65 and and CC 12456 954 66 prowess prowess NN 12456 954 67 . . . 12456 955 1 The the DT 12456 955 2 king king NN 12456 955 3 gathered gather VBD 12456 955 4 many many JJ 12456 955 5 knights knight NNS 12456 955 6 to to IN 12456 955 7 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 955 8 court court NN 12456 955 9 , , , 12456 955 10 many many JJ 12456 955 11 _ _ NNP 12456 955 12 joglars joglars NNP 12456 955 13 _ _ NNP 12456 955 14 and and CC 12456 955 15 rich rich JJ 12456 955 16 barons baron NNS 12456 955 17 and and CC 12456 955 18 when when WRB 12456 955 19 the the DT 12456 955 20 court court NN 12456 955 21 was be VBD 12456 955 22 filled fill VBN 12456 955 23 Queen Queen NNP 12456 955 24 Eleanor Eleanor NNP 12456 955 25 came come VBD 12456 955 26 in in IN 12456 955 27 dressed dress VBN 12456 955 28 so so IN 12456 955 29 that that IN 12456 955 30 no no DT 12456 955 31 one one NN 12456 955 32 saw see VBD 12456 955 33 her -PRON- PRP$ 12456 955 34 body body NN 12456 955 35 . . . 12456 956 1 She -PRON- PRP 12456 956 2 came come VBD 12456 956 3 wrapped wrap VBN 12456 956 4 closely closely RB 12456 956 5 in in IN 12456 956 6 a a DT 12456 956 7 cloak cloak NN 12456 956 8 of of IN 12456 956 9 silken silken NNP 12456 956 10 fabric fabric NNP 12456 956 11 fine fine JJ 12456 956 12 and and CC 12456 956 13 fair fair JJ 12456 956 14 called call VBN 12456 956 15 sisclaton sisclaton NNP 12456 956 16 ; ; : 12456 956 17 it -PRON- PRP 12456 956 18 was be VBD 12456 956 19 red red JJ 12456 956 20 with with IN 12456 956 21 a a DT 12456 956 22 border border NN 12456 956 23 of of IN 12456 956 24 silver silver NN 12456 956 25 and and CC 12456 956 26 had have VBD 12456 956 27 a a DT 12456 956 28 golden golden JJ 12456 956 29 lion lion NN 12456 956 30 broidered broider VBN 12456 956 31 on on IN 12456 956 32 it -PRON- PRP 12456 956 33 . . . 12456 957 1 She -PRON- PRP 12456 957 2 bowed bow VBD 12456 957 3 to to IN 12456 957 4 the the DT 12456 957 5 king king NN 12456 957 6 and and CC 12456 957 7 took take VBD 12456 957 8 her -PRON- PRP$ 12456 957 9 seat seat NN 12456 957 10 on on IN 12456 957 11 one one CD 12456 957 12 side side NN 12456 957 13 at at IN 12456 957 14 some some DT 12456 957 15 distance distance NN 12456 957 16 . . . 12456 958 1 Then then RB 12456 958 2 , , , 12456 958 3 behold behold NN 12456 958 4 , , , 12456 958 5 a a DT 12456 958 6 _ _ NNP 12456 958 7 joglar joglar NNP 12456 958 8 _ _ NNP 12456 958 9 come come VB 12456 958 10 before before IN 12456 958 11 the the DT 12456 958 12 king king NN 12456 958 13 , , , 12456 958 14 frank frank NNP 12456 958 15 and and CC 12456 958 16 debonair debonair NNP 12456 958 17 , , , 12456 958 18 who who WP 12456 958 19 said say VBD 12456 958 20 ' ' `` 12456 958 21 King King NNP 12456 958 22 , , , 12456 958 23 noble noble JJ 12456 958 24 emperor emperor NN 12456 958 25 , , , 12456 958 26 I -PRON- PRP 12456 958 27 have have VBP 12456 958 28 come come VBN 12456 958 29 to to IN 12456 958 30 you -PRON- PRP 12456 958 31 thus thus RB 12456 958 32 and and CC 12456 958 33 I -PRON- PRP 12456 958 34 pray pray VBP 12456 958 35 you -PRON- PRP 12456 958 36 of of IN 12456 958 37 your -PRON- PRP$ 12456 958 38 goodness goodness NN 12456 958 39 that that IN 12456 958 40 my -PRON- PRP$ 12456 958 41 tale tale NN 12456 958 42 may may MD 12456 958 43 be be VB 12456 958 44 heard hear VBN 12456 958 45 , , , 12456 958 46 ' ' '' 12456 958 47 " " `` 12456 958 48 The the DT 12456 958 49 scene scene NN 12456 958 50 concludes conclude VBZ 12456 958 51 , , , 12456 958 52 " " `` 12456 958 53 Joglar Joglar NNP 12456 958 54 , , , 12456 958 55 I -PRON- PRP 12456 958 56 hold hold VBP 12456 958 57 the the DT 12456 958 58 story story NN 12456 958 59 which which WDT 12456 958 60 you -PRON- PRP 12456 958 61 have have VBP 12456 958 62 related relate VBN 12456 958 63 as as IN 12456 958 64 good good JJ 12456 958 65 , , , 12456 958 66 amusing amusing JJ 12456 958 67 and and CC 12456 958 68 fair fair JJ 12456 958 69 and and CC 12456 958 70 you -PRON- PRP 12456 958 71 also also RB 12456 958 72 the the DT 12456 958 73 teller teller NN 12456 958 74 of of IN 12456 958 75 it -PRON- PRP 12456 958 76 and and CC 12456 958 77 I -PRON- PRP 12456 958 78 will will MD 12456 958 79 order order VB 12456 958 80 such such JJ 12456 958 81 reward reward NN 12456 958 82 to to TO 12456 958 83 be be VB 12456 958 84 given give VBN 12456 958 85 to to IN 12456 958 86 you -PRON- PRP 12456 958 87 that that IN 12456 958 88 you -PRON- PRP 12456 958 89 shall shall MD 12456 958 90 know know VB 12456 958 91 that that IN 12456 958 92 the the DT 12456 958 93 story story NN 12456 958 94 has have VBZ 12456 958 95 indeed indeed RB 12456 958 96 pleased please VBN 12456 958 97 me -PRON- PRP 12456 958 98 . . . 12456 958 99 " " '' 12456 959 1 The the DT 12456 959 2 crown crown NN 12456 959 3 of of IN 12456 959 4 Castile Castile NNP 12456 959 5 was be VBD 12456 959 6 united united JJ 12456 959 7 with with IN 12456 959 8 that that DT 12456 959 9 of of IN 12456 959 10 Leon Leon NNP 12456 959 11 by by IN 12456 959 12 Fernando Fernando NNP 12456 959 13 III III NNP 12456 959 14 . . . 12456 960 1 ( ( -LRB- 12456 960 2 1230 1230 CD 12456 960 3 - - SYM 12456 960 4 1262 1262 CD 12456 960 5 ) ) -RRB- 12456 960 6 the the DT 12456 960 7 son son NN 12456 960 8 of of IN 12456 960 9 Alfonso Alfonso NNP 12456 960 10 IX IX NNP 12456 960 11 . . . 12456 961 1 of of IN 12456 961 2 Leon Leon NNP 12456 961 3 . . . 12456 962 1 Lanfranc Lanfranc NNP 12456 962 2 Cigala Cigala NNP 12456 962 3 , , , 12456 962 4 the the DT 12456 962 5 troubadour troubadour NN 12456 962 6 of of IN 12456 962 7 Genoa Genoa NNP 12456 962 8 , , , 12456 962 9 excuses excuse VBZ 12456 962 10 the the DT 12456 962 11 Spaniards Spaniards NNPS 12456 962 12 at at IN 12456 962 13 this this DT 12456 962 14 time time NN 12456 962 15 for for IN 12456 962 16 their -PRON- PRP$ 12456 962 17 abstention abstention NN 12456 962 18 from from IN 12456 962 19 the the DT 12456 962 20 Crusades Crusades NNPS 12456 962 21 to to IN 12456 962 22 Jerusalem Jerusalem NNP 12456 962 23 on on IN 12456 962 24 the the DT 12456 962 25 ground ground NN 12456 962 26 that that IN 12456 962 27 they -PRON- PRP 12456 962 28 were be VBD 12456 962 29 fully fully RB 12456 962 30 occupied occupy VBN 12456 962 31 in in IN 12456 962 32 their -PRON- PRP$ 12456 962 33 struggles struggle NNS 12456 962 34 with with IN 12456 962 35 the the DT 12456 962 36 Moors Moors NNPS 12456 962 37 . . . 12456 963 1 Fernando Fernando NNP 12456 963 2 is be VBZ 12456 963 3 one one CD 12456 963 4 of of IN 12456 963 5 the the DT 12456 963 6 kings king NNS 12456 963 7 to to IN 12456 963 8 whom whom WP 12456 963 9 Sordello Sordello NNP 12456 963 10 refers refer VBZ 12456 963 11 in in IN 12456 963 12 the the DT 12456 963 13 famous famous JJ 12456 963 14 _ _ NNP 12456 963 15 sirventes sirventes NNPS 12456 963 16 _ _ NNP 12456 963 17 of of IN 12456 963 18 the the DT 12456 963 19 divided divide VBN 12456 963 20 heart heart NN 12456 963 21 , , , 12456 963 22 as as IN 12456 963 23 also also RB 12456 963 24 is be VBZ 12456 963 25 Jaime Jaime NNP 12456 963 26 I. I. NNP 12456 963 27 of of IN 12456 963 28 Aragon Aragon NNP 12456 963 29 ( ( -LRB- 12456 963 30 1213 1213 CD 12456 963 31 - - SYM 12456 963 32 1276 1276 CD 12456 963 33 ) ) -RRB- 12456 963 34 , , , 12456 963 35 the the DT 12456 963 36 " " `` 12456 963 37 Conquistador Conquistador NNP 12456 963 38 , , , 12456 963 39 " " '' 12456 963 40 of of IN 12456 963 41 whom whom WP 12456 963 42 much much JJ 12456 963 43 is be VBZ 12456 963 44 heard hear VBN 12456 963 45 in in IN 12456 963 46 the the DT 12456 963 47 poetry poetry NN 12456 963 48 of of IN 12456 963 49 the the DT 12456 963 50 troubadours troubadour NNS 12456 963 51 . . . 12456 964 1 He -PRON- PRP 12456 964 2 was be VBD 12456 964 3 born bear VBN 12456 964 4 at at IN 12456 964 5 [ [ -LRB- 12456 964 6 117 117 CD 12456 964 7 ] ] -RRB- 12456 964 8 Montpelier Montpelier NNP 12456 964 9 and and CC 12456 964 10 was be VBD 12456 964 11 fond fond JJ 12456 964 12 of of IN 12456 964 13 revisiting revisit VBG 12456 964 14 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 964 15 birthplace birthplace NN 12456 964 16 ; ; : 12456 964 17 troubadours troubadour VBZ 12456 964 18 whom whom WP 12456 964 19 he -PRON- PRP 12456 964 20 there there RB 12456 964 21 met meet VBD 12456 964 22 accompanied accompany VBD 12456 964 23 him -PRON- PRP 12456 964 24 to to IN 12456 964 25 Spain Spain NNP 12456 964 26 , , , 12456 964 27 joined join VBD 12456 964 28 in in IN 12456 964 29 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 964 30 expeditions expedition NNS 12456 964 31 and and CC 12456 964 32 enjoyed enjoy VBD 12456 964 33 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 964 34 generosity generosity NN 12456 964 35 . . . 12456 965 1 His -PRON- PRP$ 12456 965 2 court court NN 12456 965 3 became become VBD 12456 965 4 a a DT 12456 965 5 place place NN 12456 965 6 of of IN 12456 965 7 refuge refuge NN 12456 965 8 for for IN 12456 965 9 those those DT 12456 965 10 who who WP 12456 965 11 had have VBD 12456 965 12 been be VBN 12456 965 13 driven drive VBN 12456 965 14 out out IN 12456 965 15 of of IN 12456 965 16 Southern Southern NNP 12456 965 17 France France NNP 12456 965 18 by by IN 12456 965 19 the the DT 12456 965 20 Albigeois Albigeois NNP 12456 965 21 crusade crusade NN 12456 965 22 ; ; : 12456 965 23 Peire Peire NNP 12456 965 24 Cardenal Cardenal NNP 12456 965 25 , , , 12456 965 26 Bernard Bernard NNP 12456 965 27 Sicart Sicart NNP 12456 965 28 de de NNP 12456 965 29 Marvejols Marvejols NNP 12456 965 30 and and CC 12456 965 31 N'At N'At NNP 12456 965 32 de de IN 12456 965 33 Mons Mons NNP 12456 965 34 of of IN 12456 965 35 Toulouse Toulouse NNP 12456 965 36 visited visit VBD 12456 965 37 him -PRON- PRP 12456 965 38 . . . 12456 966 1 His -PRON- PRP$ 12456 966 2 popularity popularity NN 12456 966 3 with with IN 12456 966 4 the the DT 12456 966 5 troubadours troubadour NNS 12456 966 6 was be VBD 12456 966 7 considerably considerably RB 12456 966 8 shaken shake VBN 12456 966 9 by by IN 12456 966 10 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 966 11 policy policy NN 12456 966 12 in in IN 12456 966 13 1242 1242 CD 12456 966 14 , , , 12456 966 15 when when WRB 12456 966 16 a a DT 12456 966 17 final final JJ 12456 966 18 attempt attempt NN 12456 966 19 was be VBD 12456 966 20 made make VBN 12456 966 21 to to TO 12456 966 22 throw throw VB 12456 966 23 off off RP 12456 966 24 the the DT 12456 966 25 yoke yoke NN 12456 966 26 imposed impose VBN 12456 966 27 upon upon IN 12456 966 28 Southern Southern NNP 12456 966 29 France France NNP 12456 966 30 as as IN 12456 966 31 the the DT 12456 966 32 result result NN 12456 966 33 of of IN 12456 966 34 the the DT 12456 966 35 Albigeois Albigeois NNP 12456 966 36 crusade crusade NN 12456 966 37 . . . 12456 967 1 Isabella Isabella NNP 12456 967 2 of of IN 12456 967 3 Angoulême Angoulême NNP 12456 967 4 , , , 12456 967 5 the the DT 12456 967 6 widow widow NN 12456 967 7 of of IN 12456 967 8 John John NNP 12456 967 9 of of IN 12456 967 10 England England NNP 12456 967 11 , , , 12456 967 12 had have VBD 12456 967 13 married marry VBN 12456 967 14 the the DT 12456 967 15 Count Count NNP 12456 967 16 de de NNP 12456 967 17 la la NNP 12456 967 18 Marche Marche NNP 12456 967 19 ; ; : 12456 967 20 she -PRON- PRP 12456 967 21 urged urge VBD 12456 967 22 him -PRON- PRP 12456 967 23 to to TO 12456 967 24 rise rise VB 12456 967 25 against against IN 12456 967 26 the the DT 12456 967 27 French French NNP 12456 967 28 and and CC 12456 967 29 induced induce VBD 12456 967 30 her -PRON- PRP$ 12456 967 31 son son NN 12456 967 32 , , , 12456 967 33 Henry Henry NNP 12456 967 34 III III NNP 12456 967 35 . . . 12456 968 1 of of IN 12456 968 2 England England NNP 12456 968 3 , , , 12456 968 4 to to TO 12456 968 5 support support VB 12456 968 6 him -PRON- PRP 12456 968 7 . . . 12456 969 1 Henry Henry NNP 12456 969 2 hoped hope VBD 12456 969 3 to to TO 12456 969 4 regain regain VB 12456 969 5 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 969 6 hold hold NN 12456 969 7 of of IN 12456 969 8 Poitou Poitou NNP 12456 969 9 and and CC 12456 969 10 was be VBD 12456 969 11 further further RB 12456 969 12 informed inform VBN 12456 969 13 that that IN 12456 969 14 the the DT 12456 969 15 Count Count NNP 12456 969 16 of of IN 12456 969 17 Toulouse Toulouse NNP 12456 969 18 and and CC 12456 969 19 the the DT 12456 969 20 Spanish spanish JJ 12456 969 21 kings king NNS 12456 969 22 would would MD 12456 969 23 join join VB 12456 969 24 the the DT 12456 969 25 alliance alliance NN 12456 969 26 . . . 12456 970 1 There there EX 12456 970 2 seems seem VBZ 12456 970 3 to to TO 12456 970 4 have have VB 12456 970 5 been be VBN 12456 970 6 a a DT 12456 970 7 general general JJ 12456 970 8 belief belief NN 12456 970 9 that that IN 12456 970 10 Jaime Jaime NNP 12456 970 11 would would MD 12456 970 12 take take VB 12456 970 13 the the DT 12456 970 14 opportunity opportunity NN 12456 970 15 of of IN 12456 970 16 avenging avenge VBG 12456 970 17 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 970 18 father father NN 12456 970 19 's 's POS 12456 970 20 death death NN 12456 970 21 at at IN 12456 970 22 Muret Muret NNP 12456 970 23 . . . 12456 971 1 However however RB 12456 971 2 , , , 12456 971 3 no no DT 12456 971 4 Spanish spanish JJ 12456 971 5 help help NN 12456 971 6 was be VBD 12456 971 7 forthcoming forthcoming JJ 12456 971 8 ; ; : 12456 971 9 the the DT 12456 971 10 allies ally NNS 12456 971 11 were be VBD 12456 971 12 defeated defeat VBN 12456 971 13 at at IN 12456 971 14 Saintes Saintes NNP 12456 971 15 and and CC 12456 971 16 at at IN 12456 971 17 Taillebourg Taillebourg NNP 12456 971 18 and and CC 12456 971 19 this this DT 12456 971 20 abortive abortive NN 12456 971 21 rising rise VBG 12456 971 22 ended end VBD 12456 971 23 in in IN 12456 971 24 1243 1243 CD 12456 971 25 . . . 12456 972 1 Guillem Guillem NNP 12456 972 2 de de NNP 12456 972 3 Montanhagol Montanhagol NNP 12456 972 4 says say VBZ 12456 972 5 in in IN 12456 972 6 a a DT 12456 972 7 _ _ NNP 12456 972 8 sirventes sirvente NNS 12456 972 9 _ _ NNP 12456 972 10 upon upon IN 12456 972 11 this this DT 12456 972 12 event event NN 12456 972 13 , , , 12456 972 14 " " `` 12456 972 15 If if IN 12456 972 16 King King NNP 12456 972 17 Jaime Jaime NNP 12456 972 18 , , , 12456 972 19 with with IN 12456 972 20 whom whom WP 12456 972 21 we -PRON- PRP 12456 972 22 have have VBP 12456 972 23 never never RB 12456 972 24 broken break VBN 12456 972 25 faith faith NN 12456 972 26 , , , 12456 972 27 had have VBD 12456 972 28 kept keep VBN 12456 972 29 the the DT 12456 972 30 agreement agreement NN 12456 972 31 which which WDT 12456 972 32 is be VBZ 12456 972 33 said say VBN 12456 972 34 to to TO 12456 972 35 have have VB 12456 972 36 been be VBN 12456 972 37 made make VBN 12456 972 38 [ [ -LRB- 12456 972 39 118 118 CD 12456 972 40 ] ] -RRB- 12456 972 41 between between IN 12456 972 42 him -PRON- PRP 12456 972 43 and and CC 12456 972 44 us -PRON- PRP 12456 972 45 , , , 12456 972 46 the the DT 12456 972 47 French French NNPS 12456 972 48 would would MD 12456 972 49 certainly certainly RB 12456 972 50 have have VB 12456 972 51 had have VBN 12456 972 52 cause cause NN 12456 972 53 to to TO 12456 972 54 grieve grieve VB 12456 972 55 and and CC 12456 972 56 lament lament NN 12456 972 57 . . . 12456 972 58 " " '' 12456 973 1 Bernard Bernard NNP 12456 973 2 de de NNP 12456 973 3 Rovenhac Rovenhac NNP 12456 973 4 shows show VBZ 12456 973 5 greater great JJR 12456 973 6 bitterness bitterness NN 12456 973 7 : : : 12456 973 8 " " `` 12456 973 9 the the DT 12456 973 10 king king NN 12456 973 11 of of IN 12456 973 12 Aragon Aragon NNP 12456 973 13 is be VBZ 12456 973 14 undoubtedly undoubtedly RB 12456 973 15 well well RB 12456 973 16 named name VBN 12456 973 17 Jacme Jacme NNP 12456 973 18 ( ( -LRB- 12456 973 19 jac jac NNP 12456 973 20 from from IN 12456 973 21 jazer jazer NNP 12456 973 22 , , , 12456 973 23 to to TO 12456 973 24 lie lie VB 12456 973 25 down down RB 12456 973 26 ) ) -RRB- 12456 973 27 for for IN 12456 973 28 he -PRON- PRP 12456 973 29 is be VBZ 12456 973 30 too too RB 12456 973 31 fond fond JJ 12456 973 32 of of IN 12456 973 33 lying lie VBG 12456 973 34 down down RP 12456 973 35 and and CC 12456 973 36 when when WRB 12456 973 37 anyone anyone NN 12456 973 38 despoils despoil VBZ 12456 973 39 him -PRON- PRP 12456 973 40 of of IN 12456 973 41 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 973 42 land land NN 12456 973 43 , , , 12456 973 44 he -PRON- PRP 12456 973 45 is be VBZ 12456 973 46 so so RB 12456 973 47 feeble feeble JJ 12456 973 48 that that IN 12456 973 49 he -PRON- PRP 12456 973 50 does do VBZ 12456 973 51 not not RB 12456 973 52 offer offer VB 12456 973 53 the the DT 12456 973 54 least least JJS 12456 973 55 opposition opposition NN 12456 973 56 . . . 12456 973 57 " " '' 12456 974 1 Bernard Bernard NNP 12456 974 2 Sicart Sicart NNP 12456 974 3 de de NNP 12456 974 4 Marvejols Marvejols NNP 12456 974 5 voices voice VBZ 12456 974 6 the the DT 12456 974 7 grief grief NN 12456 974 8 of of IN 12456 974 9 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 974 10 class class NN 12456 974 11 at at IN 12456 974 12 the the DT 12456 974 13 failure failure NN 12456 974 14 of of IN 12456 974 15 the the DT 12456 974 16 rising rise VBG 12456 974 17 : : : 12456 974 18 " " `` 12456 974 19 In in IN 12456 974 20 the the DT 12456 974 21 day day NN 12456 974 22 I -PRON- PRP 12456 974 23 am be VBP 12456 974 24 full full JJ 12456 974 25 of of IN 12456 974 26 wrath wrath NN 12456 974 27 and and CC 12456 974 28 in in IN 12456 974 29 the the DT 12456 974 30 night night NN 12456 974 31 I -PRON- PRP 12456 974 32 sigh sigh VBP 12456 974 33 betwixt betwixt VBP 12456 974 34 sleeping sleeping NN 12456 974 35 and and CC 12456 974 36 waking waking NN 12456 974 37 ; ; : 12456 974 38 wherever wherever WRB 12456 974 39 I -PRON- PRP 12456 974 40 turn turn VBP 12456 974 41 , , , 12456 974 42 I -PRON- PRP 12456 974 43 hear hear VBP 12456 974 44 the the DT 12456 974 45 courteous courteous JJ 12456 974 46 people people NNS 12456 974 47 crying cry VBG 12456 974 48 humbly humbly RB 12456 974 49 ' ' `` 12456 974 50 Sire Sire NNP 12456 974 51 ' ' '' 12456 974 52 to to IN 12456 974 53 the the DT 12456 974 54 French French NNP 12456 974 55 . . . 12456 974 56 " " '' 12456 975 1 These these DT 12456 975 2 outbursts outburst NNS 12456 975 3 do do VBP 12456 975 4 not not RB 12456 975 5 seem seem VB 12456 975 6 to to TO 12456 975 7 have have VB 12456 975 8 roused rouse VBN 12456 975 9 Jaime Jaime NNP 12456 975 10 to to IN 12456 975 11 any any DT 12456 975 12 great great JJ 12456 975 13 animosity animosity NN 12456 975 14 against against IN 12456 975 15 the the DT 12456 975 16 troubadour troubadour JJ 12456 975 17 class class NN 12456 975 18 . . . 12456 976 1 Aimeric Aimeric NNP 12456 976 2 de de IN 12456 976 3 Belenoi Belenoi NNP 12456 976 4 belauds belaud VBZ 12456 976 5 him -PRON- PRP 12456 976 6 , , , 12456 976 7 Peire Peire NNP 12456 976 8 Cardenal Cardenal NNP 12456 976 9 is be VBZ 12456 976 10 said say VBN 12456 976 11 to to TO 12456 976 12 have have VB 12456 976 13 enjoyed enjoy VBN 12456 976 14 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 976 15 favour favour NN 12456 976 16 , , , 12456 976 17 and and CC 12456 976 18 other other JJ 12456 976 19 minor minor JJ 12456 976 20 troubadours troubadour NNS 12456 976 21 refer refer VBP 12456 976 22 to to IN 12456 976 23 him -PRON- PRP 12456 976 24 in in IN 12456 976 25 flattering flattering JJ 12456 976 26 terms term NNS 12456 976 27 . . . 12456 977 1 The the DT 12456 977 2 greatest great JJS 12456 977 3 Spanish spanish JJ 12456 977 4 patron patron NN 12456 977 5 of of IN 12456 977 6 the the DT 12456 977 7 troubadours troubadour NNS 12456 977 8 was be VBD 12456 977 9 undoubtedly undoubtedly RB 12456 977 10 Alfonso Alfonso NNP 12456 977 11 X. X. NNP 12456 977 12 of of IN 12456 977 13 Castile Castile NNP 12456 977 14 ( ( -LRB- 12456 977 15 1254 1254 CD 12456 977 16 - - SYM 12456 977 17 1284 1284 CD 12456 977 18 ) ) -RRB- 12456 977 19 . . . 12456 978 1 El El NNP 12456 978 2 Sabio Sabio NNP 12456 978 3 earned earn VBD 12456 978 4 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 978 5 title title NN 12456 978 6 by by IN 12456 978 7 reason reason NN 12456 978 8 of of IN 12456 978 9 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 978 10 enlightened enlightened JJ 12456 978 11 interest interest NN 12456 978 12 in in IN 12456 978 13 matters matter NNS 12456 978 14 intellectual intellectual JJ 12456 978 15 ; ; : 12456 978 16 he -PRON- PRP 12456 978 17 was be VBD 12456 978 18 himself -PRON- PRP 12456 978 19 a a DT 12456 978 20 poet poet NN 12456 978 21 , , , 12456 978 22 procured procure VBD 12456 978 23 the the DT 12456 978 24 translation translation NN 12456 978 25 of of IN 12456 978 26 many many JJ 12456 978 27 scientific scientific JJ 12456 978 28 books book NNS 12456 978 29 and and CC 12456 978 30 provided provide VBN 12456 978 31 Castile Castile NNP 12456 978 32 with with IN 12456 978 33 a a DT 12456 978 34 famous famous JJ 12456 978 35 code code NN 12456 978 36 of of IN 12456 978 37 laws law NNS 12456 978 38 . . . 12456 979 1 The the DT 12456 979 2 Italian italian JJ 12456 979 3 troubadours troubadour VBZ 12456 979 4 Bonifaci Bonifaci NNP 12456 979 5 Calvo Calvo NNP 12456 979 6 and and CC 12456 979 7 Bartolomeo Bartolomeo NNP 12456 979 8 Zorzi Zorzi NNP 12456 979 9 were be VBD 12456 979 10 welcomed welcome VBN 12456 979 11 to to IN 12456 979 12 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 979 13 court court NN 12456 979 14 , , , 12456 979 15 to to TO 12456 979 16 which which WDT 12456 979 17 many many JJ 12456 979 18 others other NNS 12456 979 19 came come VBD 12456 979 20 from from IN 12456 979 21 Provence Provence NNP 12456 979 22 . . . 12456 980 1 One one CD 12456 980 2 of of IN 12456 980 3 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 980 4 favourites favourite NNS 12456 980 5 was be VBD 12456 980 6 the the DT 12456 980 7 troubadour troubadour JJ 12456 980 8 who who WP 12456 980 9 was be VBD 12456 980 10 the the DT 12456 980 11 last last JJ 12456 980 12 [ [ -LRB- 12456 980 13 119 119 CD 12456 980 14 ] ] -RRB- 12456 980 15 representative representative NN 12456 980 16 of of IN 12456 980 17 the the DT 12456 980 18 old old JJ 12456 980 19 school school NN 12456 980 20 , , , 12456 980 21 Guiraut Guiraut NNP 12456 980 22 Riquier Riquier NNP 12456 980 23 of of IN 12456 980 24 Narbonne Narbonne NNP 12456 980 25 . . . 12456 981 1 He -PRON- PRP 12456 981 2 was be VBD 12456 981 3 born bear VBN 12456 981 4 between between IN 12456 981 5 1230 1230 CD 12456 981 6 and and CC 12456 981 7 1235 1235 CD 12456 981 8 , , , 12456 981 9 when when WRB 12456 981 10 the the DT 12456 981 11 Albigeois Albigeois NNP 12456 981 12 crusade crusade NN 12456 981 13 was be VBD 12456 981 14 practically practically RB 12456 981 15 over over RB 12456 981 16 and and CC 12456 981 17 when when WRB 12456 981 18 troubadour troubadour PRP$ 12456 981 19 poetry poetry NN 12456 981 20 was be VBD 12456 981 21 dying die VBG 12456 981 22 , , , 12456 981 23 as as RB 12456 981 24 much much RB 12456 981 25 from from IN 12456 981 26 its -PRON- PRP$ 12456 981 27 own own JJ 12456 981 28 inherent inherent JJ 12456 981 29 lack lack NN 12456 981 30 of of IN 12456 981 31 vitality vitality NN 12456 981 32 as as IN 12456 981 33 from from IN 12456 981 34 the the DT 12456 981 35 change change NN 12456 981 36 of of IN 12456 981 37 social social JJ 12456 981 38 and and CC 12456 981 39 political political JJ 12456 981 40 environment environment NN 12456 981 41 which which WDT 12456 981 42 the the DT 12456 981 43 upheaval upheaval NN 12456 981 44 of of IN 12456 981 45 the the DT 12456 981 46 previous previous JJ 12456 981 47 twenty twenty CD 12456 981 48 years year NNS 12456 981 49 had have VBD 12456 981 50 produced produce VBN 12456 981 51 . . . 12456 982 1 Guiraut Guiraut NNP 12456 982 2 Riquier Riquier NNP 12456 982 3 applied apply VBD 12456 982 4 to to IN 12456 982 5 a a DT 12456 982 6 Northern northern JJ 12456 982 7 patron patron NN 12456 982 8 for for IN 12456 982 9 protection protection NN 12456 982 10 , , , 12456 982 11 a a DT 12456 982 12 proceeding proceeding NN 12456 982 13 unexampled unexampled JJ 12456 982 14 in in IN 12456 982 15 troubadour troubadour JJ 12456 982 16 history history NN 12456 982 17 and and CC 12456 982 18 the the DT 12456 982 19 patron patron NN 12456 982 20 he -PRON- PRP 12456 982 21 selected select VBD 12456 982 22 was be VBD 12456 982 23 the the DT 12456 982 24 King King NNP 12456 982 25 of of IN 12456 982 26 France France NNP 12456 982 27 himself -PRON- PRP 12456 982 28 . . . 12456 983 1 Neither neither DT 12456 983 2 Saint Saint NNP 12456 983 3 Louis Louis NNP 12456 983 4 nor nor CC 12456 983 5 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 983 6 wife wife NN 12456 983 7 were be VBD 12456 983 8 in in IN 12456 983 9 the the DT 12456 983 10 least least JJS 12456 983 11 likely likely JJ 12456 983 12 to to TO 12456 983 13 provide provide VB 12456 983 14 a a DT 12456 983 15 market market NN 12456 983 16 for for IN 12456 983 17 Guiraut Guiraut NNP 12456 983 18 's 's POS 12456 983 19 wares ware NNS 12456 983 20 and and CC 12456 983 21 the the DT 12456 983 22 Paris Paris NNP 12456 983 23 of of IN 12456 983 24 that that DT 12456 983 25 day day NN 12456 983 26 was be VBD 12456 983 27 by by IN 12456 983 28 no no DT 12456 983 29 means means NN 12456 983 30 a a DT 12456 983 31 centre centre NN 12456 983 32 of of IN 12456 983 33 literary literary JJ 12456 983 34 culture culture NN 12456 983 35 . . . 12456 984 1 The the DT 12456 984 2 troubadour troubadour JJ 12456 984 3 , , , 12456 984 4 therefore therefore RB 12456 984 5 , , , 12456 984 6 tried try VBD 12456 984 7 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 984 8 fortune fortune NN 12456 984 9 with with IN 12456 984 10 Alfonso Alfonso NNP 12456 984 11 X. X. NNP 12456 984 12 whose whose WP$ 12456 984 13 liberality liberality NN 12456 984 14 had have VBD 12456 984 15 become become VBN 12456 984 16 almost almost RB 12456 984 17 proverbial proverbial JJ 12456 984 18 . . . 12456 985 1 There there RB 12456 985 2 he -PRON- PRP 12456 985 3 seems seem VBZ 12456 985 4 to to TO 12456 985 5 have have VB 12456 985 6 remained remain VBN 12456 985 7 for for IN 12456 985 8 some some DT 12456 985 9 years year NNS 12456 985 10 and and CC 12456 985 11 to to TO 12456 985 12 have have VB 12456 985 13 been be VBN 12456 985 14 well well RB 12456 985 15 content content JJ 12456 985 16 , , , 12456 985 17 in in IN 12456 985 18 spite spite NN 12456 985 19 of of IN 12456 985 20 occasional occasional JJ 12456 985 21 friction friction NN 12456 985 22 with with IN 12456 985 23 other other JJ 12456 985 24 suitors suitor NNS 12456 985 25 for for IN 12456 985 26 the the DT 12456 985 27 king king NN 12456 985 28 's 's POS 12456 985 29 favour favour NN 12456 985 30 . . . 12456 986 1 His -PRON- PRP$ 12456 986 2 description description NN 12456 986 3 of of IN 12456 986 4 Catalonia Catalonia NNP 12456 986 5 is be VBZ 12456 986 6 interesting interesting JJ 12456 986 7 . . . 12456 987 1 Pus Pus NNP 12456 987 2 astres astre NNS 12456 987 3 no no DT 12456 987 4 m'es m'es NNP 12456 987 5 donatz donatz NNP 12456 987 6 Que Que NNP 12456 987 7 de de NNP 12456 987 8 mi mi NNP 12456 987 9 dons dons NNPS 12456 987 10 bes bes NNP 12456 987 11 m'eschaia m'eschaia NNP 12456 987 12 , , , 12456 987 13 Ni Ni NNP 12456 987 14 nulho nulho JJ 12456 987 15 nos nos NNP 12456 987 16 plazers plazer NNS 12456 987 17 no·l no·l NNP 12456 987 18 platz platz NN 12456 987 19 , , , 12456 987 20 Ni Ni NNP 12456 987 21 ay ay PRP 12456 987 22 poder poder VBP 12456 987 23 que·m que·m NNP 12456 987 24 n'estraia n'estraia NNP 12456 987 25 , , , 12456 987 26 Ops Ops NNP 12456 987 27 m'es m'es NNP 12456 987 28 qu'ieu qu'ieu PRP 12456 987 29 sia sia VBD 12456 987 30 fondatz fondatz NN 12456 987 31 En En NNP 12456 987 32 via via IN 12456 987 33 d'amor d'amor NNP 12456 987 34 veraia veraia NNP 12456 987 35 , , , 12456 987 36 E E NNP 12456 987 37 puesc puesc NNP 12456 987 38 n'apenre n'apenre NNP 12456 987 39 assatz assatz NNP 12456 987 40 En En NNP 12456 987 41 Cataluenha Cataluenha NNP 12456 987 42 la la NNP 12456 987 43 gaia gaia NNS 12456 987 44 , , , 12456 987 45 [ [ -LRB- 12456 987 46 120 120 CD 12456 987 47 ] ] -RRB- 12456 987 48 Entrels Entrels NNPS 12456 987 49 Catalas Catalas NNP 12456 987 50 valens valen VBZ 12456 987 51 E E NNP 12456 987 52 las las NNP 12456 987 53 donas donas NNP 12456 987 54 avinens avinens NNPS 12456 987 55 . . . 12456 988 1 Quar Quar NNP 12456 988 2 dompneys dompney NNS 12456 988 3 , , , 12456 988 4 pretz pretz NNP 12456 988 5 e e NN 12456 988 6 valors valor NNS 12456 988 7 , , , 12456 988 8 Joys Joys NNP 12456 988 9 e e NNP 12456 988 10 gratz gratz NNP 12456 988 11 e e NNP 12456 988 12 cortesia cortesia NNP 12456 988 13 , , , 12456 988 14 Sens Sens NNP 12456 988 15 e e NNP 12456 988 16 sabers saber NNS 12456 988 17 et et NN 12456 988 18 honors honor NNS 12456 988 19 , , , 12456 988 20 Bels Bels NNP 12456 988 21 parlars parlar NNS 12456 988 22 , , , 12456 988 23 bella bella NN 12456 988 24 paria paria NN 12456 988 25 , , , 12456 988 26 E E NNP 12456 988 27 largueza largueza NNP 12456 988 28 et et NNP 12456 988 29 amors amor NNS 12456 988 30 , , , 12456 988 31 Conoyssensa Conoyssensa NNP 12456 988 32 e e NNP 12456 988 33 cundia cundia NN 12456 988 34 , , , 12456 988 35 Troban Troban NNP 12456 988 36 manten manten VBD 12456 988 37 e e VBZ 12456 988 38 socors socor NNS 12456 988 39 En En NNP 12456 988 40 Cataluenha Cataluenha NNP 12456 988 41 a a DT 12456 988 42 tria tria NN 12456 988 43 , , , 12456 988 44 Entrels Entrels NNPS 12456 988 45 , , , 12456 988 46 etc etc FW 12456 988 47 . . . 12456 989 1 " " `` 12456 989 2 Since since IN 12456 989 3 my -PRON- PRP$ 12456 989 4 star star NN 12456 989 5 has have VBZ 12456 989 6 not not RB 12456 989 7 granted grant VBN 12456 989 8 me -PRON- PRP 12456 989 9 that that IN 12456 989 10 from from IN 12456 989 11 my -PRON- PRP$ 12456 989 12 lady lady JJ 12456 989 13 happiness happiness NN 12456 989 14 should should MD 12456 989 15 fall fall VB 12456 989 16 to to IN 12456 989 17 me -PRON- PRP 12456 989 18 , , , 12456 989 19 since since IN 12456 989 20 no no DT 12456 989 21 pleasure pleasure NN 12456 989 22 that that WDT 12456 989 23 I -PRON- PRP 12456 989 24 can can MD 12456 989 25 give give VB 12456 989 26 pleases please VBZ 12456 989 27 her -PRON- PRP 12456 989 28 and and CC 12456 989 29 I -PRON- PRP 12456 989 30 have have VBP 12456 989 31 no no DT 12456 989 32 power power NN 12456 989 33 to to TO 12456 989 34 forget forget VB 12456 989 35 her -PRON- PRP 12456 989 36 , , , 12456 989 37 I -PRON- PRP 12456 989 38 must must MD 12456 989 39 needs needs VB 12456 989 40 enter enter VB 12456 989 41 upon upon IN 12456 989 42 the the DT 12456 989 43 road road NN 12456 989 44 of of IN 12456 989 45 true true JJ 12456 989 46 love love NN 12456 989 47 and and CC 12456 989 48 I -PRON- PRP 12456 989 49 can can MD 12456 989 50 learn learn VB 12456 989 51 it -PRON- PRP 12456 989 52 well well RB 12456 989 53 enough enough RB 12456 989 54 in in IN 12456 989 55 gay gay JJ 12456 989 56 Catalonia Catalonia NNP 12456 989 57 among among IN 12456 989 58 the the DT 12456 989 59 Catalonians Catalonians NNPS 12456 989 60 , , , 12456 989 61 men man NNS 12456 989 62 of of IN 12456 989 63 worth worth NN 12456 989 64 , , , 12456 989 65 and and CC 12456 989 66 their -PRON- PRP$ 12456 989 67 kindly kindly JJ 12456 989 68 ladies lady NNS 12456 989 69 . . . 12456 990 1 For for IN 12456 990 2 courtesy courtesy NN 12456 990 3 , , , 12456 990 4 worth worth JJ 12456 990 5 , , , 12456 990 6 joy joy NN 12456 990 7 , , , 12456 990 8 gratitude gratitude NN 12456 990 9 and and CC 12456 990 10 gallantry gallantry NN 12456 990 11 , , , 12456 990 12 sense sense NN 12456 990 13 , , , 12456 990 14 knowledge knowledge NN 12456 990 15 , , , 12456 990 16 honour honour NN 12456 990 17 , , , 12456 990 18 fair fair JJ 12456 990 19 speech speech NN 12456 990 20 , , , 12456 990 21 fair fair JJ 12456 990 22 company company NN 12456 990 23 , , , 12456 990 24 liberality liberality NN 12456 990 25 and and CC 12456 990 26 love love NN 12456 990 27 , , , 12456 990 28 learning learning NN 12456 990 29 and and CC 12456 990 30 grace grace NN 12456 990 31 find find VBP 12456 990 32 maintenance maintenance NN 12456 990 33 and and CC 12456 990 34 support support NN 12456 990 35 in in IN 12456 990 36 Catalonia Catalonia NNP 12456 990 37 entirely entirely RB 12456 990 38 . . . 12456 990 39 " " '' 12456 991 1 Between between IN 12456 991 2 thirty thirty CD 12456 991 3 and and CC 12456 991 4 forty forty CD 12456 991 5 poets poet NNS 12456 991 6 of of IN 12456 991 7 Spanish spanish JJ 12456 991 8 extraction extraction NN 12456 991 9 are be VBP 12456 991 10 known know VBN 12456 991 11 to to TO 12456 991 12 have have VB 12456 991 13 written write VBN 12456 991 14 Provençal Provençal NNP 12456 991 15 poetry poetry NN 12456 991 16 . . . 12456 992 1 Guillem Guillem NNP 12456 992 2 de de NNP 12456 992 3 Tudela Tudela NNP 12456 992 4 of of IN 12456 992 5 Navarre Navarre NNP 12456 992 6 wrote write VBD 12456 992 7 the the DT 12456 992 8 first first JJ 12456 992 9 part part NN 12456 992 10 of of IN 12456 992 11 the the DT 12456 992 12 _ _ NNP 12456 992 13 Chanson Chanson NNP 12456 992 14 de de NNP 12456 992 15 la la NNP 12456 992 16 Croisade Croisade NNP 12456 992 17 albigeoise albigeoise NN 12456 992 18 _ _ NNP 12456 992 19 ; ; : 12456 992 20 Serveri Serveri NNP 12456 992 21 de de NNP 12456 992 22 Gerona Gerona NNP 12456 992 23 wrote write VBD 12456 992 24 didactic didactic JJ 12456 992 25 and and CC 12456 992 26 devotional devotional JJ 12456 992 27 poetry poetry NN 12456 992 28 , , , 12456 992 29 showing show VBG 12456 992 30 at at IN 12456 992 31 least least JJS 12456 992 32 ingenuity ingenuity NN 12456 992 33 of of IN 12456 992 34 technique technique NN 12456 992 35 ; ; : 12456 992 36 Amanieu Amanieu NNP 12456 992 37 des des FW 12456 992 38 Escas Escas NNP 12456 992 39 has have VBZ 12456 992 40 left leave VBN 12456 992 41 love love NN 12456 992 42 letters letter NNS 12456 992 43 and and CC 12456 992 44 didactic didactic JJ 12456 992 45 works work NNS 12456 992 46 for for IN 12456 992 47 the the DT 12456 992 48 [ [ -LRB- 12456 992 49 121 121 CD 12456 992 50 ] ] -RRB- 12456 992 51 instruction instruction NN 12456 992 52 of of IN 12456 992 53 young young JJ 12456 992 54 people people NNS 12456 992 55 in in IN 12456 992 56 the the DT 12456 992 57 rules rule NNS 12456 992 58 of of IN 12456 992 59 polite polite JJ 12456 992 60 behaviour behaviour NN 12456 992 61 . . . 12456 993 1 But but CC 12456 993 2 the the DT 12456 993 3 influence influence NN 12456 993 4 of of IN 12456 993 5 Provençal Provençal NNP 12456 993 6 upon upon IN 12456 993 7 the the DT 12456 993 8 native native JJ 12456 993 9 poetry poetry NN 12456 993 10 of of IN 12456 993 11 Spain Spain NNP 12456 993 12 proper proper JJ 12456 993 13 was be VBD 12456 993 14 but but CC 12456 993 15 small small JJ 12456 993 16 , , , 12456 993 17 in in IN 12456 993 18 spite spite NN 12456 993 19 of of IN 12456 993 20 the the DT 12456 993 21 welcome welcome NN 12456 993 22 which which WDT 12456 993 23 the the DT 12456 993 24 troubadours troubadour NNS 12456 993 25 found find VBD 12456 993 26 at at IN 12456 993 27 the the DT 12456 993 28 courts court NNS 12456 993 29 of of IN 12456 993 30 Castile Castile NNP 12456 993 31 , , , 12456 993 32 Aragon Aragon NNP 12456 993 33 , , , 12456 993 34 Leon Leon NNP 12456 993 35 and and CC 12456 993 36 Navarre Navarre NNP 12456 993 37 . . . 12456 994 1 Troubadour troubadour JJ 12456 994 2 poetry poetry NN 12456 994 3 required require VBD 12456 994 4 a a DT 12456 994 5 peaceful peaceful JJ 12456 994 6 and and CC 12456 994 7 an an DT 12456 994 8 aristocratic aristocratic 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NNP 12456 995 1 Northern northern JJ 12456 995 2 French french JJ 12456 995 3 influence influence NN 12456 995 4 was be VBD 12456 995 5 also also RB 12456 995 6 strong strong JJ 12456 995 7 : : : 12456 995 8 numerous numerous JJ 12456 995 9 French french JJ 12456 995 10 immigrants immigrant NNS 12456 995 11 were be VBD 12456 995 12 able able JJ 12456 995 13 to to TO 12456 995 14 settle settle VB 12456 995 15 in in IN 12456 995 16 towns town NNS 12456 995 17 newly newly RB 12456 995 18 founded found VBN 12456 995 19 or or CC 12456 995 20 taken take VBN 12456 995 21 from from IN 12456 995 22 the the DT 12456 995 23 Moors Moors NNPS 12456 995 24 . . . 12456 996 1 The the DT 12456 996 2 warlike warlike JJ 12456 996 3 and and CC 12456 996 4 adventurous adventurous JJ 12456 996 5 spirit spirit NN 12456 996 6 of of IN 12456 996 7 Northern Northern NNP 12456 996 8 and and CC 12456 996 9 Central Central NNP 12456 996 10 Spain Spain NNP 12456 996 11 preferred prefer VBD 12456 996 12 epic epic NN 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1001 13 to to TO 12456 1001 14 instruct instruct VB 12456 1001 15 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 1001 16 _ _ NNP 12456 1001 17 joglar joglar NNP 12456 1001 18 _ _ NNP 12456 1001 19 Cabra Cabra NNP 12456 1001 20 ; ; : 12456 1001 21 Guiraut Guiraut NNP 12456 1001 22 upbraids upbraid NNS 12456 1001 23 this this DT 12456 1001 24 performer performer NN 12456 1001 25 for for IN 12456 1001 26 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 1001 27 ignorance ignorance NN 12456 1001 28 , , , 12456 1001 29 and and CC 12456 1001 30 details detail VBZ 12456 1001 31 a a DT 12456 1001 32 long long JJ 12456 1001 33 series series NN 12456 1001 34 of of IN 12456 1001 35 legends legend NNS 12456 1001 36 and and CC 12456 1001 37 poems poem NNS 12456 1001 38 which which WDT 12456 1001 39 a a DT 12456 1001 40 competent competent NN 12456 1001 41 _ _ NNP 12456 1001 42 joglar joglar NNP 12456 1001 43 _ _ NNP 12456 1001 44 ought ought MD 12456 1001 45 to to TO 12456 1001 46 know know VB 12456 1001 47 . . . 12456 1002 1 Guiraut Guiraut NNP 12456 1002 2 de de NNP 12456 1002 3 Calanso Calanso NNP 12456 1002 4 wrote write VBD 12456 1002 5 an an DT 12456 1002 6 imitation imitation NN 12456 1002 7 of of IN 12456 1002 8 this this DT 12456 1002 9 diatribe diatribe NN 12456 1002 10 . . . 12456 1003 1 The the DT 12456 1003 2 best well RBS 12456 1003 3 known know VBN 12456 1003 4 of of IN 12456 1003 5 the the DT 12456 1003 6 Catalonian catalonian JJ 12456 1003 7 troubadours troubadour NNS 12456 1003 8 is be VBZ 12456 1003 9 Raimon Raimon NNP 12456 1003 10 Vidal Vidal NNP 12456 1003 11 of of IN 12456 1003 12 Besadun Besadun NNP 12456 1003 13 , , , 12456 1003 14 both both DT 12456 1003 15 for for IN 12456 1003 16 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 1003 17 _ _ NNP 12456 1003 18 novelas novelas NNP 12456 1003 19 _ _ NNP 12456 1003 20 and and CC 12456 1003 21 also also RB 12456 1003 22 for for IN 12456 1003 23 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 1003 24 work work NN 12456 1003 25 on on IN 12456 1003 26 Provençal Provençal NNP 12456 1003 27 grammar grammar NNP 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Vidal Vidal NNP 12456 1004 10 , , , 12456 1004 11 have have VBP 12456 1004 12 seen see VBN 12456 1004 13 and and CC 12456 1004 14 known know VBN 12456 1004 15 that that IN 12456 1004 16 few few JJ 12456 1004 17 men man NNS 12456 1004 18 know know VBP 12456 1004 19 or or CC 12456 1004 20 have have VBP 12456 1004 21 known know VBN 12456 1004 22 the the DT 12456 1004 23 right right JJ 12456 1004 24 manner manner NN 12456 1004 25 of of IN 12456 1004 26 composing compose VBG 12456 1004 27 poetry poetry NN 12456 1004 28 ( ( -LRB- 12456 1004 29 trobar trobar NN 12456 1004 30 ) ) -RRB- 12456 1004 31 I -PRON- PRP 12456 1004 32 desire desire VBP 12456 1004 33 to to TO 12456 1004 34 make make VB 12456 1004 35 this this DT 12456 1004 36 book book NN 12456 1004 37 that that WDT 12456 1004 38 men man NNS 12456 1004 39 may may MD 12456 1004 40 know know VB 12456 1004 41 and and CC 12456 1004 42 understand understand VB 12456 1004 43 which which WDT 12456 1004 44 of of IN 12456 1004 45 the the DT 12456 1004 46 troubadours troubadour NNS 12456 1004 47 have have VBP 12456 1004 48 composed compose VBN 12456 1004 49 best well RBS 12456 1004 50 and and CC 12456 1004 51 given give VBN 12456 1004 52 the the DT 12456 1004 53 best good JJS 12456 1004 54 instruction instruction NN 12456 1004 55 to to IN 12456 1004 56 those those DT 12456 1004 57 who who WP 12456 1004 58 wish wish VBP 12456 1004 59 to to TO 12456 1004 60 learn learn VB 12456 1004 61 how how WRB 12456 1004 62 they -PRON- PRP 12456 1004 63 should should MD 12456 1004 64 follow follow VB 12456 1004 65 the the DT 12456 1004 66 right right JJ 12456 1004 67 manner manner NN 12456 1004 68 of of IN 12456 1004 69 composing composing NN 12456 1004 70 .... .... . 12456 1004 71 All all DT 12456 1004 72 Christian christian JJ 12456 1004 73 people people NNS 12456 1004 74 , , , 12456 1004 75 Jews Jews NNPS 12456 1004 76 , , , 12456 1004 77 Saracens Saracens NNP 12456 1004 78 , , , 12456 1004 79 emperors emperor NNS 12456 1004 80 , , , 12456 1004 81 princes prince NNS 12456 1004 82 , , , 12456 1004 83 kings king NNS 12456 1004 84 , , , 12456 1004 85 dukes duke NNS 12456 1004 86 , , , 12456 1004 87 counts count NNS 12456 1004 88 , , , 12456 1004 89 viscounts viscount NNS 12456 1004 90 , , , 12456 1004 91 vavassors vavassor NNS 12456 1004 92 and and CC 12456 1004 93 all all DT 12456 1004 94 other other JJ 12456 1004 95 nobles noble NNS 12456 1004 96 with with IN 12456 1004 97 clergy clergy NNS 12456 1004 98 , , , 12456 1004 99 citizens citizen NNS 12456 1004 100 and and CC 12456 1004 101 villeins villein NNS 12456 1004 102 , , , 12456 1004 103 small small JJ 12456 1004 104 and and CC 12456 1004 105 great great JJ 12456 1004 106 , , , 12456 1004 107 daily daily RB 12456 1004 108 give give VB 12456 1004 109 their -PRON- PRP$ 12456 1004 110 minds mind NNS 12456 1004 111 to to IN 12456 1004 112 composing composing NN 12456 1004 113 and and CC 12456 1004 114 singing singe VBG 12456 1004 115 .... .... . 12456 1005 1 In in IN 12456 1005 2 this this DT 12456 1005 3 science science NN 12456 1005 4 of of IN 12456 1005 5 composing compose VBG 12456 1005 6 the the DT 12456 1005 7 troubadours troubadour NNS 12456 1005 8 are be VBP 12456 1005 9 gone go VBN 12456 1005 10 astray astray RB 12456 1005 11 and and CC 12456 1005 12 I -PRON- PRP 12456 1005 13 will will MD 12456 1005 14 tell tell VB 12456 1005 15 you -PRON- PRP 12456 1005 16 wherefore wherefore NN 12456 1005 17 . . . 12456 1006 1 The the DT 12456 1006 2 hearers hearer NNS 12456 1006 3 who who WP 12456 1006 4 do do VBP 12456 1006 5 not not RB 12456 1006 6 understand understand VB 12456 1006 7 anything anything NN 12456 1006 8 when when WRB 12456 1006 9 they -PRON- PRP 12456 1006 10 hear hear VBP 12456 1006 11 a a DT 12456 1006 12 fine fine JJ 12456 1006 13 poem poem NN 12456 1006 14 will will MD 12456 1006 15 pretend pretend VB 12456 1006 16 that that IN 12456 1006 17 they -PRON- PRP 12456 1006 18 understand understand VBP 12456 1006 19 perfectly perfectly RB 12456 1006 20 ... ... : 12456 1006 21 because because IN 12456 1006 22 they -PRON- PRP 12456 1006 23 [ [ -LRB- 12456 1006 24 123 123 CD 12456 1006 25 ] ] -RRB- 12456 1006 26 think think VBP 12456 1006 27 that that IN 12456 1006 28 men man NNS 12456 1006 29 would would MD 12456 1006 30 consider consider VB 12456 1006 31 it -PRON- PRP 12456 1006 32 a a DT 12456 1006 33 fault fault NN 12456 1006 34 in in IN 12456 1006 35 them -PRON- PRP 12456 1006 36 if if IN 12456 1006 37 they -PRON- PRP 12456 1006 38 said say VBD 12456 1006 39 that that IN 12456 1006 40 they -PRON- PRP 12456 1006 41 did do VBD 12456 1006 42 not not RB 12456 1006 43 understand understand VB 12456 1006 44 .... .... . 12456 1006 45 And and CC 12456 1006 46 if if IN 12456 1006 47 when when WRB 12456 1006 48 they -PRON- PRP 12456 1006 49 hear hear VBP 12456 1006 50 a a DT 12456 1006 51 bad bad JJ 12456 1006 52 troubadour troubadour NN 12456 1006 53 , , , 12456 1006 54 they -PRON- PRP 12456 1006 55 do do VBP 12456 1006 56 understand understand VB 12456 1006 57 , , , 12456 1006 58 they -PRON- PRP 12456 1006 59 will will MD 12456 1006 60 praise praise VB 12456 1006 61 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 1006 62 singing singing NN 12456 1006 63 because because IN 12456 1006 64 they -PRON- PRP 12456 1006 65 understand understand VBP 12456 1006 66 it -PRON- PRP 12456 1006 67 ; ; : 12456 1006 68 or or CC 12456 1006 69 if if IN 12456 1006 70 they -PRON- PRP 12456 1006 71 will will MD 12456 1006 72 not not RB 12456 1006 73 praise praise VB 12456 1006 74 , , , 12456 1006 75 at at IN 12456 1006 76 least least JJS 12456 1006 77 they -PRON- PRP 12456 1006 78 will will MD 12456 1006 79 not not RB 12456 1006 80 blame blame VB 12456 1006 81 him -PRON- PRP 12456 1006 82 ; ; : 12456 1006 83 and and CC 12456 1006 84 thus thus RB 12456 1006 85 the the DT 12456 1006 86 troubadours troubadour NNS 12456 1006 87 are be VBP 12456 1006 88 deceived deceive VBN 12456 1006 89 and and CC 12456 1006 90 the the DT 12456 1006 91 hearers hearer NNS 12456 1006 92 are be VBP 12456 1006 93 to to TO 12456 1006 94 blame blame VB 12456 1006 95 for for IN 12456 1006 96 it -PRON- PRP 12456 1006 97 . . . 12456 1006 98 " " '' 12456 1007 1 Raimon Raimon NNP 12456 1007 2 Vidal Vidal NNP 12456 1007 3 proceeds proceed VBZ 12456 1007 4 to to TO 12456 1007 5 say say VB 12456 1007 6 that that IN 12456 1007 7 the the DT 12456 1007 8 pure pure JJ 12456 1007 9 language language NN 12456 1007 10 is be VBZ 12456 1007 11 that that DT 12456 1007 12 of of IN 12456 1007 13 Provence Provence NNP 12456 1007 14 or or CC 12456 1007 15 of of IN 12456 1007 16 Limousin Limousin NNP 12456 1007 17 or or CC 12456 1007 18 of of IN 12456 1007 19 Saintonge Saintonge NNP 12456 1007 20 or or CC 12456 1007 21 Auvergne Auvergne NNP 12456 1007 22 or or CC 12456 1007 23 Quercy Quercy NNP 12456 1007 24 : : : 12456 1007 25 " " `` 12456 1007 26 wherefore wherefore VBD 12456 1007 27 I -PRON- PRP 12456 1007 28 tell tell VBP 12456 1007 29 you -PRON- PRP 12456 1007 30 , , , 12456 1007 31 that that IN 12456 1007 32 when when WRB 12456 1007 33 I -PRON- PRP 12456 1007 34 use use VBP 12456 1007 35 the the DT 12456 1007 36 term term NN 12456 1007 37 Limousin Limousin NNP 12456 1007 38 , , , 12456 1007 39 I -PRON- PRP 12456 1007 40 mean mean VBP 12456 1007 41 all all PDT 12456 1007 42 those those DT 12456 1007 43 lands land NNS 12456 1007 44 and and CC 12456 1007 45 those those DT 12456 1007 46 which which WDT 12456 1007 47 border border VBP 12456 1007 48 them -PRON- PRP 12456 1007 49 or or CC 12456 1007 50 are be VBP 12456 1007 51 between between IN 12456 1007 52 them -PRON- PRP 12456 1007 53 . . . 12456 1007 54 " " '' 12456 1008 1 He -PRON- PRP 12456 1008 2 was be VBD 12456 1008 3 apparently apparently RB 12456 1008 4 the the DT 12456 1008 5 first first JJ 12456 1008 6 to to TO 12456 1008 7 use use VB 12456 1008 8 the the DT 12456 1008 9 term term NN 12456 1008 10 Limousin Limousin NNP 12456 1008 11 to to TO 12456 1008 12 describe describe VB 12456 1008 13 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12456 1010 6 forms form NNS 12456 1010 7 and and CC 12456 1010 8 the the DT 12456 1010 9 doctrines doctrine NNS 12456 1010 10 of of IN 12456 1010 11 the the DT 12456 1010 12 Toulouse Toulouse NNP 12456 1010 13 _ _ NNP 12456 1010 14 Leys Leys NNP 12456 1010 15 d'Amors d'Amors NNPS 12456 1010 16 _ _ NNP 12456 1010 17 were be VBD 12456 1010 18 retained retain VBN 12456 1010 19 , , , 12456 1010 20 until until IN 12456 1010 21 Italian italian JJ 12456 1010 22 influence influence NN 12456 1010 23 began begin VBD 12456 1010 24 to to TO 12456 1010 25 oust oust VB 12456 1010 26 Provençal Provençal NNP 12456 1010 27 towards towards IN 12456 1010 28 the the DT 12456 1010 29 close close NN 12456 1010 30 of of IN 12456 1010 31 the the DT 12456 1010 32 fifteenth fifteenth JJ 12456 1010 33 century century NN 12456 1010 34 . . . 12456 1011 1 On on IN 12456 1011 2 the the DT 12456 1011 3 western western JJ 12456 1011 4 side side NN 12456 1011 5 of of IN 12456 1011 6 Spain Spain NNP 12456 1011 7 , , , 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X. NNP 12456 1012 14 of of IN 12456 1012 15 Castile Castile NNP 12456 1012 16 , , , 12456 1012 17 one one CD 12456 1012 18 of of IN 12456 1012 19 its -PRON- PRP$ 12456 1012 20 most most RBS 12456 1012 21 illustrious illustrious JJ 12456 1012 22 exponents exponent NNS 12456 1012 23 , , , 12456 1012 24 and and CC 12456 1012 25 that that IN 12456 1012 26 of of IN 12456 1012 27 Denis Denis NNP 12456 1012 28 of of IN 12456 1012 29 Portugal Portugal NNP 12456 1012 30 ( ( -LRB- 12456 1012 31 1280 1280 CD 12456 1012 32 - - SYM 12456 1012 33 1325 1325 CD 12456 1012 34 ) ) -RRB- 12456 1012 35 . . . 12456 1013 1 The the DT 12456 1013 2 dates date NNS 12456 1013 3 generally generally RB 12456 1013 4 accepted accept VBN 12456 1013 5 for for IN 12456 1013 6 the the DT 12456 1013 7 duration duration NN 12456 1013 8 of of IN 12456 1013 9 this this DT 12456 1013 10 literature literature NN 12456 1013 11 are be VBP 12456 1013 12 1200 1200 CD 12456 1013 13 - - SYM 12456 1013 14 1385 1385 CD 12456 1013 15 ; ; : 12456 1013 16 it -PRON- PRP 12456 1013 17 has have VBZ 12456 1013 18 left leave VBN 12456 1013 19 to to IN 12456 1013 20 us -PRON- PRP 12456 1013 21 some some DT 12456 1013 22 2000 2000 CD 12456 1013 23 lyric lyric NN 12456 1013 24 poems poem NNS 12456 1013 25 , , , 12456 1013 26 the the DT 12456 1013 27 work work NN 12456 1013 28 of of IN 12456 1013 29 more more JJR 12456 1013 30 than than IN 12456 1013 31 150 150 CD 12456 1013 32 poets poet NNS 12456 1013 33 , , , 12456 1013 34 including include VBG 12456 1013 35 four four CD 12456 1013 36 kings king NNS 12456 1013 37 and and CC 12456 1013 38 a a DT 12456 1013 39 number number NN 12456 1013 40 of of IN 12456 1013 41 nobles noble NNS 12456 1013 42 of of IN 12456 1013 43 high high JJ 12456 1013 44 rank rank NN 12456 1013 45 . . . 12456 1014 1 French french JJ 12456 1014 2 and and CC 12456 1014 3 Provençal Provençal NNP 12456 1014 4 culture culture NN 12456 1014 5 had have VBD 12456 1014 6 made make VBN 12456 1014 7 its -PRON- PRP$ 12456 1014 8 way way NN 12456 1014 9 gradually gradually RB 12456 1014 10 and and CC 12456 1014 11 by by IN 12456 1014 12 various various JJ 12456 1014 13 routes route NNS 12456 1014 14 to to IN 12456 1014 15 the the DT 12456 1014 16 western western JJ 12456 1014 17 side side NN 12456 1014 18 of of IN 12456 1014 19 the the DT 12456 1014 20 Spanish spanish JJ 12456 1014 21 peninsula peninsula NN 12456 1014 22 . . . 12456 1015 1 We -PRON- PRP 12456 1015 2 have have VBP 12456 1015 3 already already RB 12456 1015 4 referred refer VBN 12456 1015 5 to to IN 12456 1015 6 the the DT 12456 1015 7 pilgrim pilgrim JJ 12456 1015 8 route route NN 12456 1015 9 to to IN 12456 1015 10 the the DT 12456 1015 11 shrine shrine NN 12456 1015 12 of of IN 12456 1015 13 Compostella Compostella NNP 12456 1015 14 , , , 12456 1015 15 by by IN 12456 1015 16 which which WDT 12456 1015 17 a a DT 12456 1015 18 steady steady JJ 12456 1015 19 stream stream NN 12456 1015 20 of of IN 12456 1015 21 foreign foreign JJ 12456 1015 22 influence influence NN 12456 1015 23 entered enter VBD 12456 1015 24 the the DT 12456 1015 25 country country NN 12456 1015 26 . . . 12456 1016 1 The the DT 12456 1016 2 same same JJ 12456 1016 3 effect effect NN 12456 1016 4 was be VBD 12456 1016 5 produced produce VBN 12456 1016 6 by by IN 12456 1016 7 crusaders crusader NNS 12456 1016 8 who who WP 12456 1016 9 came come VBD 12456 1016 10 to to TO 12456 1016 11 help help VB 12456 1016 12 the the DT 12456 1016 13 Spaniards Spaniards NNPS 12456 1016 14 in in IN 12456 1016 15 their -PRON- PRP$ 12456 1016 16 struggle struggle NN 12456 1016 17 against against IN 12456 1016 18 the the DT 12456 1016 19 Moors Moors NNPS 12456 1016 20 , , , 12456 1016 21 and and CC 12456 1016 22 by by IN 12456 1016 23 foreign foreign JJ 12456 1016 24 colonists colonist NNS 12456 1016 25 who who WP 12456 1016 26 helped help VBD 12456 1016 27 to to IN 12456 1016 28 Christianise christianise VB 12456 1016 29 the the DT 12456 1016 30 territories territory NNS 12456 1016 31 conquered conquer VBD 12456 1016 32 from from IN 12456 1016 33 the the DT 12456 1016 34 Mohammedans Mohammedans NNPS 12456 1016 35 . . . 12456 1017 1 The the DT 12456 1017 2 capture capture NN 12456 1017 3 of of IN 12456 1017 4 Lisbon Lisbon NNP 12456 1017 5 in in IN 12456 1017 6 1147 1147 CD 12456 1017 7 increased increase VBD 12456 1017 8 maritime maritime JJ 12456 1017 9 intercourse intercourse NN 12456 1017 10 with with IN 12456 1017 11 the the DT 12456 1017 12 North North NNP 12456 1017 13 . . . 12456 1018 1 Individuals individual NNS 12456 1018 2 from from IN 12456 1018 3 Portugal Portugal NNP 12456 1018 4 also also RB 12456 1018 5 visited visit VBD 12456 1018 6 Northern Northern NNP 12456 1018 7 and and CC 12456 1018 8 Southern Southern NNP 12456 1018 9 France France NNP 12456 1018 10 , , , 12456 1018 11 after after IN 12456 1018 12 the the DT 12456 1018 13 example example NN 12456 1018 14 of of IN 12456 1018 15 their -PRON- PRP$ 12456 1018 16 Spanish spanish JJ 12456 1018 17 neighbours neighbour NNS 12456 1018 18 . . . 12456 1019 1 References reference NNS 12456 1019 2 to to IN 12456 1019 3 Portugal Portugal NNP 12456 1019 4 in in IN 12456 1019 5 the the DT 12456 1019 6 poetry poetry NN 12456 1019 7 of of IN 12456 1019 8 the the DT 12456 1019 9 troubadours troubadour NNS 12456 1019 10 are be VBP 12456 1019 11 very very RB 12456 1019 12 scarce scarce JJ 12456 1019 13 , , , 12456 1019 14 nor nor CC 12456 1019 15 is be VBZ 12456 1019 16 there there EX 12456 1019 17 any any DT 12456 1019 18 definite definite JJ 12456 1019 19 evidence evidence NN 12456 1019 20 that that IN 12456 1019 21 any any DT 12456 1019 22 troubadour troubadour NN 12456 1019 23 visited visit VBD 12456 1019 24 the the DT 12456 1019 25 country country NN 12456 1019 26 . . . 12456 1020 1 This this DT 12456 1020 2 fact fact NN 12456 1020 3 is be VBZ 12456 1020 4 in in IN 12456 1020 5 striking strike VBG 12456 1020 6 contrast contrast NN 12456 1020 7 with with IN 12456 1020 8 the the DT 12456 1020 9 loud loud JJ 12456 1020 10 praises praise NNS 12456 1020 11 of of IN 12456 1020 12 the the DT 12456 1020 13 Spanish spanish JJ 12456 1020 14 courts court NNS 12456 1020 15 . . . 12456 1021 1 None none NN 12456 1021 2 the the DT 12456 1021 3 less less RBR 12456 1021 4 , , , 12456 1021 5 such such JJ 12456 1021 6 visits visit NNS 12456 1021 7 must must MD 12456 1021 8 have have VB 12456 1021 9 taken take VBN 12456 1021 10 place place NN 12456 1021 11 : : : 12456 1021 12 Sancho Sancho NNP 12456 1021 13 I. I. NNP 12456 1021 14 had have VBD 12456 1021 15 French French NNP 12456 1021 16 _ _ NNP 12456 1021 17 jongleurs jongleur NNS 12456 1021 18 _ _ NNP 12456 1021 19 in in IN 12456 1021 20 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 1021 21 pay pay NN 12456 1021 22 during during IN 12456 1021 23 [ [ -LRB- 12456 1021 24 125 125 CD 12456 1021 25 ] ] -RRB- 12456 1021 26 the the DT 12456 1021 27 twelfth twelfth JJ 12456 1021 28 century century NN 12456 1021 29 and and CC 12456 1021 30 the the DT 12456 1021 31 Portuguese portuguese JJ 12456 1021 32 element element NN 12456 1021 33 in in IN 12456 1021 34 the the DT 12456 1021 35 five five CD 12456 1021 36 - - HYPH 12456 1021 37 language language NN 12456 1021 38 _ _ NNP 12456 1021 39 descort descort NN 12456 1021 40 _ _ NNP 12456 1021 41 of of IN 12456 1021 42 Raimbaut Raimbaut NNP 12456 1021 43 de de NNP 12456 1021 44 Vaqueiras Vaqueiras NNP 12456 1021 45 shows show VBZ 12456 1021 46 that that IN 12456 1021 47 communication communication NN 12456 1021 48 between between IN 12456 1021 49 Provençal Provençal NNP 12456 1021 50 poets poet NNS 12456 1021 51 and and CC 12456 1021 52 Portuguese portuguese JJ 12456 1021 53 or or CC 12456 1021 54 Galician galician JJ 12456 1021 55 districts district NNS 12456 1021 56 must must MD 12456 1021 57 have have VB 12456 1021 58 existed exist VBN 12456 1021 59 . . . 12456 1022 1 The the DT 12456 1022 2 general general JJ 12456 1022 3 silence silence NN 12456 1022 4 of of IN 12456 1022 5 the the DT 12456 1022 6 troubadours troubadour NNS 12456 1022 7 may may MD 12456 1022 8 be be VB 12456 1022 9 due due IN 12456 1022 10 to to IN 12456 1022 11 the the DT 12456 1022 12 fact fact NN 12456 1022 13 that that IN 12456 1022 14 communication communication NN 12456 1022 15 began begin VBD 12456 1022 16 at at IN 12456 1022 17 a a DT 12456 1022 18 comparatively comparatively RB 12456 1022 19 late late JJ 12456 1022 20 period period NN 12456 1022 21 and and CC 12456 1022 22 was be VBD 12456 1022 23 maintained maintain VBN 12456 1022 24 between between IN 12456 1022 25 Portugal Portugal NNP 12456 1022 26 and and CC 12456 1022 27 Spanish spanish JJ 12456 1022 28 courts court NNS 12456 1022 29 , , , 12456 1022 30 and and CC 12456 1022 31 not not RB 12456 1022 32 directly directly RB 12456 1022 33 between between IN 12456 1022 34 Portugal Portugal NNP 12456 1022 35 and and CC 12456 1022 36 Southern Southern NNP 12456 1022 37 France France NNP 12456 1022 38 . . . 12456 1023 1 Alfonso Alfonso NNP 12456 1023 2 X. X. NNP 12456 1023 3 of of IN 12456 1023 4 Castile Castile NNP 12456 1023 5 himself -PRON- PRP 12456 1023 6 wrote write VBD 12456 1023 7 many many JJ 12456 1023 8 poems poem NNS 12456 1023 9 in in IN 12456 1023 10 the the DT 12456 1023 11 Galician galician JJ 12456 1023 12 or or CC 12456 1023 13 Portuguese portuguese JJ 12456 1023 14 dialect dialect VBP 12456 1023 15 ; ; : 12456 1023 16 perhaps perhaps RB 12456 1023 17 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 1023 18 choice choice NN 12456 1023 19 was be VBD 12456 1023 20 dictated dictate VBN 12456 1023 21 by by IN 12456 1023 22 reasons reason NNS 12456 1023 23 analogous analogous JJ 12456 1023 24 to to IN 12456 1023 25 those those DT 12456 1023 26 which which WDT 12456 1023 27 impelled impel VBD 12456 1023 28 Italian italian JJ 12456 1023 29 and and CC 12456 1023 30 Catalonian catalonian JJ 12456 1023 31 poets poet NNS 12456 1023 32 to to TO 12456 1023 33 write write VB 12456 1023 34 in in IN 12456 1023 35 Provençal Provençal NNP 12456 1023 36 . . . 12456 1024 1 The the DT 12456 1024 2 general general JJ 12456 1024 3 body body NN 12456 1024 4 of of IN 12456 1024 5 Portuguese portuguese JJ 12456 1024 6 poetry poetry NN 12456 1024 7 declares declare VBZ 12456 1024 8 itself -PRON- PRP 12456 1024 9 by by IN 12456 1024 10 form form NN 12456 1024 11 and and CC 12456 1024 12 content content NN 12456 1024 13 to to TO 12456 1024 14 be be VB 12456 1024 15 directly directly RB 12456 1024 16 borrowed borrow VBN 12456 1024 17 from from IN 12456 1024 18 the the DT 12456 1024 19 troubadours troubadour NNS 12456 1024 20 : : : 12456 1024 21 it -PRON- PRP 12456 1024 22 appeals appeal VBZ 12456 1024 23 to to IN 12456 1024 24 an an DT 12456 1024 25 aristocratic aristocratic JJ 12456 1024 26 audience audience NN 12456 1024 27 ; ; : 12456 1024 28 the the DT 12456 1024 29 idea idea NN 12456 1024 30 of of IN 12456 1024 31 love love NN 12456 1024 32 as as IN 12456 1024 33 a a DT 12456 1024 34 feudal feudal JJ 12456 1024 35 relation relation NN 12456 1024 36 is be VBZ 12456 1024 37 preserved preserve VBN 12456 1024 38 with with IN 12456 1024 39 the the DT 12456 1024 40 accompanying accompany VBG 12456 1024 41 ideas idea NNS 12456 1024 42 of of IN 12456 1024 43 _ _ NNP 12456 1024 44 amour amour JJ 12456 1024 45 courtois courtois NNP 12456 1024 46 _ _ NNP 12456 1024 47 , , , 12456 1024 48 and and CC 12456 1024 49 the the DT 12456 1024 50 lyric lyric NN 12456 1024 51 forms form NNS 12456 1024 52 developed develop VBN 12456 1024 53 in in IN 12456 1024 54 Southern Southern NNP 12456 1024 55 France France NNP 12456 1024 56 are be VBP 12456 1024 57 imitated imitate VBN 12456 1024 58 . . . 12456 1025 1 The the DT 12456 1025 2 Provençal Provençal NNP 12456 1025 3 manner manner NN 12456 1025 4 took take VBD 12456 1025 5 root root NN 12456 1025 6 in in IN 12456 1025 7 Portugal Portugal NNP 12456 1025 8 as as IN 12456 1025 9 it -PRON- PRP 12456 1025 10 failed fail VBD 12456 1025 11 to to TO 12456 1025 12 do do VB 12456 1025 13 in in IN 12456 1025 14 Spain Spain NNP 12456 1025 15 , , , 12456 1025 16 because because IN 12456 1025 17 it -PRON- PRP 12456 1025 18 found find VBD 12456 1025 19 the the DT 12456 1025 20 ground ground NN 12456 1025 21 to to IN 12456 1025 22 some some DT 12456 1025 23 extent extent NN 12456 1025 24 prepared prepare VBN 12456 1025 25 by by IN 12456 1025 26 the the DT 12456 1025 27 existence existence NN 12456 1025 28 of of IN 12456 1025 29 a a DT 12456 1025 30 popular popular JJ 12456 1025 31 lyric lyric NN 12456 1025 32 poetry poetry NN 12456 1025 33 which which WDT 12456 1025 34 was be VBD 12456 1025 35 remodelled remodelle VBN 12456 1025 36 under under IN 12456 1025 37 Provençal Provençal NNP 12456 1025 38 influence influence NN 12456 1025 39 . . . 12456 1026 1 The the DT 12456 1026 2 most most RBS 12456 1026 3 popular popular JJ 12456 1026 4 of of IN 12456 1026 5 the the DT 12456 1026 6 types type NNS 12456 1026 7 thus thus RB 12456 1026 8 developed develop VBN 12456 1026 9 were be VBD 12456 1026 10 _ _ NNP 12456 1026 11 Cantigas Cantigas NNP 12456 1026 12 de de NNP 12456 1026 13 amor amor NNP 12456 1026 14 e e NNP 12456 1026 15 de de NNP 12456 1026 16 amigo amigo NNP 12456 1026 17 _ _ NNP 12456 1026 18 and and CC 12456 1026 19 _ _ NNP 12456 1026 20 Cantigas Cantigas NNP 12456 1026 21 de de NNP 12456 1026 22 _ _ NNP 12456 1026 23 _ _ NNP 12456 1026 24 escarnho escarnho NNP 12456 1026 25 e e NNP 12456 1026 26 de de NNP 12456 1026 27 maldizer maldizer NNP 12456 1026 28 _ _ NNP 12456 1026 29 ; ; : 12456 1026 30 the the DT 12456 1026 31 former former JJ 12456 1026 32 were be VBD 12456 1026 33 love love NN 12456 1026 34 songs song NNS 12456 1026 35 : : : 12456 1026 36 when when WRB 12456 1026 37 the the DT 12456 1026 38 poet poet NN 12456 1026 39 speaks speak VBZ 12456 1026 40 the the DT 12456 1026 41 song song NN 12456 1026 42 was be VBD 12456 1026 43 one one CD 12456 1026 44 _ _ NNP 12456 1026 45 de de NNP 12456 1026 46 amor amor NNP 12456 1026 47 _ _ NNP 12456 1026 48 ; ; : 12456 1026 49 when when WRB 12456 1026 50 the the DT 12456 1026 51 lady lady NN 12456 1026 52 speaks speak VBZ 12456 1026 53 ( ( -LRB- 12456 1026 54 and and CC 12456 1026 55 she -PRON- PRP 12456 1026 56 is be VBZ 12456 1026 57 unmarried unmarried JJ 12456 1026 58 , , , 12456 1026 59 in in IN 12456 1026 60 contrast contrast NN 12456 1026 61 to to IN 12456 1026 62 Provençal Provençal NNP 12456 1026 63 usage usage NN 12456 1026 64 ) ) -RRB- 12456 1026 65 the the DT 12456 1026 66 song song NN 12456 1026 67 was be VBD 12456 1026 68 _ _ NNP 12456 1026 69 de de NNP 12456 1026 70 amigo amigo NNP 12456 1026 71 _ _ NNP 12456 1026 72 . . . 12456 1027 1 This this DT 12456 1027 2 latter latter NN 12456 1027 3 is be VBZ 12456 1027 4 a a DT 12456 1027 5 type type NN 12456 1027 6 developed develop VBN 12456 1027 7 independently independently RB 12456 1027 8 by by IN 12456 1027 9 the the DT 12456 1027 10 Portuguese portuguese JJ 12456 1027 11 school school NN 12456 1027 12 . . . 12456 1028 1 _ _ NNP 12456 1028 2 Cantigas Cantigas NNP 12456 1028 3 de de NNP 12456 1028 4 escarnho escarnho NNP 12456 1028 5 _ _ NNP 12456 1028 6 correspond correspond NNP 12456 1028 7 in in IN 12456 1028 8 intention intention NN 12456 1028 9 [ [ -LRB- 12456 1028 10 126 126 CD 12456 1028 11 ] ] -RRB- 12456 1028 12 to to IN 12456 1028 13 the the DT 12456 1028 14 Provençal Provençal NNP 12456 1028 15 _ _ NNP 12456 1028 16 sirventes sirvente NNS 12456 1028 17 _ _ NNP 12456 1028 18 ; ; : 12456 1028 19 if if IN 12456 1028 20 their -PRON- PRP$ 12456 1028 21 satire satire NN 12456 1028 22 was be VBD 12456 1028 23 open open JJ 12456 1028 24 and and CC 12456 1028 25 unrestrained unrestrained JJ 12456 1028 26 they -PRON- PRP 12456 1028 27 were be VBD 12456 1028 28 _ _ NNP 12456 1028 29 cantigas cantigas FW 12456 1028 30 de de FW 12456 1028 31 maldizer maldizer NNP 12456 1028 32 _ _ NNP 12456 1028 33 . . . 12456 1029 1 They -PRON- PRP 12456 1029 2 dealt deal VBD 12456 1029 3 for for IN 12456 1029 4 the the DT 12456 1029 5 most most JJS 12456 1029 6 part part NN 12456 1029 7 with with IN 12456 1029 8 trivial trivial JJ 12456 1029 9 court court NN 12456 1029 10 and and CC 12456 1029 11 personal personal JJ 12456 1029 12 affairs affair NNS 12456 1029 13 and and CC 12456 1029 14 not not RB 12456 1029 15 with with IN 12456 1029 16 questions question NNS 12456 1029 17 of of IN 12456 1029 18 national national JJ 12456 1029 19 policy policy NN 12456 1029 20 upon upon IN 12456 1029 21 which which WDT 12456 1029 22 the the DT 12456 1029 23 troubadours troubadour NNS 12456 1029 24 so so RB 12456 1029 25 often often RB 12456 1029 26 expressed express VBD 12456 1029 27 their -PRON- PRP$ 12456 1029 28 opinions opinion NNS 12456 1029 29 . . . 12456 1030 1 Changes change NNS 12456 1030 2 in in IN 12456 1030 3 taste taste NN 12456 1030 4 and and CC 12456 1030 5 political political JJ 12456 1030 6 upheavals upheaval NNS 12456 1030 7 brought bring VBD 12456 1030 8 this this DT 12456 1030 9 literature literature NN 12456 1030 10 to to IN 12456 1030 11 an an DT 12456 1030 12 end end NN 12456 1030 13 about about IN 12456 1030 14 1385 1385 CD 12456 1030 15 and and CC 12456 1030 16 the the DT 12456 1030 17 progress progress NN 12456 1030 18 of of IN 12456 1030 19 Portuguese portuguese JJ 12456 1030 20 poetry poetry NN 12456 1030 21 then then RB 12456 1030 22 ceases cease VBZ 12456 1030 23 for for IN 12456 1030 24 some some DT 12456 1030 25 fifty fifty CD 12456 1030 26 years year NNS 12456 1030 27 . . . 12456 1031 1 CHAPTER CHAPTER NNP 12456 1031 2 IX IX NNP 12456 1031 3 [ [ -LRB- 12456 1031 4 127 127 CD 12456 1031 5 ] ] -RRB- 12456 1031 6 PROVENÇAL PROVENÇAL NNP 12456 1031 7 INFLUENCE INFLUENCE NNP 12456 1031 8 IN in IN 12456 1031 9 GERMANY GERMANY NNP 12456 1031 10 , , , 12456 1031 11 FRANCE FRANCE NNP 12456 1031 12 AND and CC 12456 1031 13 ENGLAND ENGLAND NNP 12456 1031 14 Provençal Provençal NNP 12456 1031 15 influence influence NN 12456 1031 16 in in IN 12456 1031 17 Germany Germany NNP 12456 1031 18 is be VBZ 12456 1031 19 apparent apparent JJ 12456 1031 20 in in IN 12456 1031 21 the the DT 12456 1031 22 lyric lyric NN 12456 1031 23 poetry poetry NN 12456 1031 24 of of IN 12456 1031 25 the the DT 12456 1031 26 minnesingers minnesinger NNS 12456 1031 27 . . . 12456 1032 1 Of of IN 12456 1032 2 these these DT 12456 1032 3 , , , 12456 1032 4 two two CD 12456 1032 5 schools school NNS 12456 1032 6 existed exist VBD 12456 1032 7 , , , 12456 1032 8 connected connect VBN 12456 1032 9 geographically geographically RB 12456 1032 10 with with IN 12456 1032 11 two two CD 12456 1032 12 great great JJ 12456 1032 13 rivers river NNS 12456 1032 14 . . . 12456 1033 1 The the DT 12456 1033 2 earlier early JJR 12456 1033 3 , , , 12456 1033 4 the the DT 12456 1033 5 Austro Austro NNP 12456 1033 6 - - HYPH 12456 1033 7 Bavarian Bavarian NNP 12456 1033 8 school school NN 12456 1033 9 , , , 12456 1033 10 flourished flourish VBD 12456 1033 11 in in IN 12456 1033 12 the the DT 12456 1033 13 valley valley NN 12456 1033 14 of of IN 12456 1033 15 the the DT 12456 1033 16 Danube Danube NNP 12456 1033 17 : : : 12456 1033 18 the the DT 12456 1033 19 later later JJ 12456 1033 20 minnesingers minnesinger NNS 12456 1033 21 form form VBP 12456 1033 22 the the DT 12456 1033 23 Rhine Rhine NNP 12456 1033 24 school school NN 12456 1033 25 . . . 12456 1034 1 In in IN 12456 1034 2 the the DT 12456 1034 3 latter latter JJ 12456 1034 4 case case NN 12456 1034 5 , , , 12456 1034 6 Provençal Provençal NNP 12456 1034 7 influence influence NN 12456 1034 8 is be VBZ 12456 1034 9 not not RB 12456 1034 10 disputed dispute VBN 12456 1034 11 ; ; : 12456 1034 12 but but CC 12456 1034 13 the the DT 12456 1034 14 question question NN 12456 1034 15 whether whether IN 12456 1034 16 the the DT 12456 1034 17 Austro Austro NNP 12456 1034 18 - - HYPH 12456 1034 19 Bavarian Bavarian NNP 12456 1034 20 school school NN 12456 1034 21 was be VBD 12456 1034 22 exempt exempt JJ 12456 1034 23 from from IN 12456 1034 24 it -PRON- PRP 12456 1034 25 , , , 12456 1034 26 has have VBZ 12456 1034 27 given give VBN 12456 1034 28 rise rise NN 12456 1034 29 to to IN 12456 1034 30 considerable considerable JJ 12456 1034 31 discussion discussion NN 12456 1034 32 . . . 12456 1035 1 The the DT 12456 1035 2 truth truth NN 12456 1035 3 seems seem VBZ 12456 1035 4 to to TO 12456 1035 5 be be VB 12456 1035 6 , , , 12456 1035 7 that that IN 12456 1035 8 the the DT 12456 1035 9 earliest early JJS 12456 1035 10 existing exist VBG 12456 1035 11 texts text NNS 12456 1035 12 representing represent VBG 12456 1035 13 this this DT 12456 1035 14 school school NN 12456 1035 15 do do VBP 12456 1035 16 show show VB 12456 1035 17 traces trace NNS 12456 1035 18 of of IN 12456 1035 19 Provençal Provençal NNP 12456 1035 20 influence influence NN 12456 1035 21 ; ; , 12456 1035 22 but but CC 12456 1035 23 there there EX 12456 1035 24 was be VBD 12456 1035 25 certainly certainly RB 12456 1035 26 a a DT 12456 1035 27 primitive primitive JJ 12456 1035 28 native native JJ 12456 1035 29 poetry poetry NN 12456 1035 30 in in IN 12456 1035 31 these these DT 12456 1035 32 Danube Danube NNP 12456 1035 33 districts district NNS 12456 1035 34 which which WDT 12456 1035 35 had have VBD 12456 1035 36 reached reach VBN 12456 1035 37 an an DT 12456 1035 38 advanced advanced JJ 12456 1035 39 stage stage NN 12456 1035 40 of of IN 12456 1035 41 development development NN 12456 1035 42 before before IN 12456 1035 43 Provençal Provençal NNP 12456 1035 44 influence influence NN 12456 1035 45 affected affect VBD 12456 1035 46 it -PRON- PRP 12456 1035 47 . . . 12456 1036 1 Austria Austria NNP 12456 1036 2 undoubtedly undoubtedly RB 12456 1036 3 came come VBD 12456 1036 4 into into IN 12456 1036 5 touch touch NN 12456 1036 6 with with IN 12456 1036 7 this this DT 12456 1036 8 influence influence NN 12456 1036 9 at at IN 12456 1036 10 an an DT 12456 1036 11 early early JJ 12456 1036 12 date date NN 12456 1036 13 . . . 12456 1037 1 The the DT 12456 1037 2 Danube Danube NNP 12456 1037 3 valley valley NN 12456 1037 4 was be VBD 12456 1037 5 a a DT 12456 1037 6 high high JJ 12456 1037 7 road road NN 12456 1037 8 for for IN 12456 1037 9 the the DT 12456 1037 10 armies army NNS 12456 1037 11 of of IN 12456 1037 12 crusaders crusader NNS 12456 1037 13 ; ; : 12456 1037 14 another another DT 12456 1037 15 route route NN 12456 1037 16 led lead VBD 12456 1037 17 from from IN 12456 1037 18 Northern Northern NNP 12456 1037 19 Italy Italy NNP 12456 1037 20 to to IN 12456 1037 21 Vienna Vienna NNP 12456 1037 22 , , , 12456 1037 23 by by IN 12456 1037 24 which which WDT 12456 1037 25 Peire Peire NNP 12456 1037 26 Vidal Vidal NNP 12456 1037 27 probably probably RB 12456 1037 28 found find VBD 12456 1037 29 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 1037 30 way way NN 12456 1037 31 to to IN 12456 1037 32 Hungary Hungary NNP 12456 1037 33 . . . 12456 1038 1 At at IN 12456 1038 2 the the DT 12456 1038 3 same same JJ 12456 1038 4 time time NN 12456 1038 5 , , , 12456 1038 6 though though IN 12456 1038 7 Provençal Provençal NNP 12456 1038 8 influence influence NN 12456 1038 9 was be VBD 12456 1038 10 strong strong JJ 12456 1038 11 , , , 12456 1038 12 the the DT 12456 1038 13 [ [ -LRB- 12456 1038 14 128 128 CD 12456 1038 15 ] ] -RRB- 12456 1038 16 Middle middle JJ 12456 1038 17 High high JJ 12456 1038 18 German german JJ 12456 1038 19 lyric lyric NN 12456 1038 20 rarely rarely RB 12456 1038 21 relapsed relapse VBD 12456 1038 22 into into IN 12456 1038 23 mere mere JJ 12456 1038 24 imitation imitation NN 12456 1038 25 or or CC 12456 1038 26 translation translation NN 12456 1038 27 of of IN 12456 1038 28 troubadour troubadour JJ 12456 1038 29 productions production NNS 12456 1038 30 . . . 12456 1039 1 Dietmar Dietmar NNP 12456 1039 2 von von NNP 12456 1039 3 Aist Aist NNP 12456 1039 4 , , , 12456 1039 5 one one CD 12456 1039 6 of of IN 12456 1039 7 the the DT 12456 1039 8 earliest early JJS 12456 1039 9 minnesingers minnesinger NNS 12456 1039 10 , , , 12456 1039 11 who who WP 12456 1039 12 flourished flourish VBD 12456 1039 13 in in IN 12456 1039 14 the the DT 12456 1039 15 latter latter JJ 12456 1039 16 half half NN 12456 1039 17 of of IN 12456 1039 18 the the DT 12456 1039 19 twelfth twelfth JJ 12456 1039 20 century century NN 12456 1039 21 has have VBZ 12456 1039 22 , , , 12456 1039 23 for for IN 12456 1039 24 instance instance NN 12456 1039 25 , , , 12456 1039 26 the the DT 12456 1039 27 Provençal Provençal NNP 12456 1039 28 _ _ NNP 12456 1039 29 alba alba VBZ 12456 1039 30 _ _ NNP 12456 1039 31 theme theme NN 12456 1039 32 . . . 12456 1040 1 Two two CD 12456 1040 2 lovers lover VBZ 12456 1040 3 part part NN 12456 1040 4 at at IN 12456 1040 5 daybreak daybreak NN 12456 1040 6 , , , 12456 1040 7 when when WRB 12456 1040 8 awakened awaken VBN 12456 1040 9 by by IN 12456 1040 10 a a DT 12456 1040 11 bird bird NN 12456 1040 12 on on IN 12456 1040 13 the the DT 12456 1040 14 linden linden NN 12456 1040 15 : : : 12456 1040 16 if if IN 12456 1040 17 the the DT 12456 1040 18 theme theme NN 12456 1040 19 is be VBZ 12456 1040 20 Provençal Provençal NNP 12456 1040 21 , , , 12456 1040 22 the the DT 12456 1040 23 simplicity simplicity NN 12456 1040 24 of of IN 12456 1040 25 the the DT 12456 1040 26 poet poet NN 12456 1040 27 's 's POS 12456 1040 28 treatment treatment NN 12456 1040 29 is be VBZ 12456 1040 30 extremely extremely RB 12456 1040 31 fresh fresh JJ 12456 1040 32 and and CC 12456 1040 33 natural natural JJ 12456 1040 34 . . . 12456 1041 1 This this DT 12456 1041 2 difference difference NN 12456 1041 3 is be VBZ 12456 1041 4 further far RBR 12456 1041 5 apparent apparent JJ 12456 1041 6 in in IN 12456 1041 7 the the DT 12456 1041 8 attitude attitude NN 12456 1041 9 of of IN 12456 1041 10 minnesingers minnesinger NNS 12456 1041 11 and and CC 12456 1041 12 troubadours troubadour VBZ 12456 1041 13 towards towards IN 12456 1041 14 the the DT 12456 1041 15 conception conception NN 12456 1041 16 of of IN 12456 1041 17 " " `` 12456 1041 18 love love NN 12456 1041 19 . . . 12456 1041 20 " " '' 12456 1042 1 The the DT 12456 1042 2 minnesong minnesong NN 12456 1042 3 is be VBZ 12456 1042 4 the the DT 12456 1042 5 literary literary JJ 12456 1042 6 expression expression NN 12456 1042 7 of of IN 12456 1042 8 the the DT 12456 1042 9 social social JJ 12456 1042 10 convention convention NN 12456 1042 11 known know VBN 12456 1042 12 as as IN 12456 1042 13 " " `` 12456 1042 14 Frauendienst Frauendienst NNP 12456 1042 15 , , , 12456 1042 16 " " '' 12456 1042 17 the the DT 12456 1042 18 term term NN 12456 1042 19 " " `` 12456 1042 20 minne minne NN 12456 1042 21 " " '' 12456 1042 22 connoting connote VBG 12456 1042 23 the the DT 12456 1042 24 code code NN 12456 1042 25 which which WDT 12456 1042 26 prescribed prescribe VBD 12456 1042 27 the the DT 12456 1042 28 nature nature NN 12456 1042 29 of of IN 12456 1042 30 the the DT 12456 1042 31 relation relation NN 12456 1042 32 existing exist VBG 12456 1042 33 between between IN 12456 1042 34 the the DT 12456 1042 35 lover lover NNP 12456 1042 36 and and CC 12456 1042 37 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 1042 38 lady lady NN 12456 1042 39 ; ; : 12456 1042 40 the the DT 12456 1042 41 dominant dominant JJ 12456 1042 42 principle principle NN 12456 1042 43 was be VBD 12456 1042 44 a a DT 12456 1042 45 reverence reverence NN 12456 1042 46 for for IN 12456 1042 47 womanhood womanhood NN 12456 1042 48 as as IN 12456 1042 49 such such JJ 12456 1042 50 , , , 12456 1042 51 and and CC 12456 1042 52 in in IN 12456 1042 53 this this DT 12456 1042 54 respect respect NN 12456 1042 55 the the DT 12456 1042 56 German german JJ 12456 1042 57 minnesang minnesang NN 12456 1042 58 is be VBZ 12456 1042 59 inspired inspire VBN 12456 1042 60 by by IN 12456 1042 61 a a DT 12456 1042 62 less less RBR 12456 1042 63 selfish selfish JJ 12456 1042 64 spirit spirit NN 12456 1042 65 than than IN 12456 1042 66 the the DT 12456 1042 67 Provençal Provençal NNP 12456 1042 68 troubadour troubadour NN 12456 1042 69 poetry poetry NN 12456 1042 70 . . . 12456 1043 1 Typical typical JJ 12456 1043 2 of of IN 12456 1043 3 the the DT 12456 1043 4 difference difference NN 12456 1043 5 is be VBZ 12456 1043 6 Walter Walter NNP 12456 1043 7 von von NNP 12456 1043 8 der der XX 12456 1043 9 Vogelweide's-- Vogelweide's-- NNP 12456 1043 10 Swer Swer NNP 12456 1043 11 guotes guote VBZ 12456 1043 12 wîbes wîbes NNP 12456 1043 13 minne minne NNP 12456 1043 14 hât hât NNP 12456 1043 15 , , , 12456 1043 16 der der NNP 12456 1043 17 schamt schamt NNP 12456 1043 18 sich sich NNP 12456 1043 19 aller aller NNP 12456 1043 20 missetât missetât NNP 12456 1043 21 . . . 12456 1044 1 ( ( -LRB- 12456 1044 2 " " `` 12456 1044 3 He -PRON- PRP 12456 1044 4 who who WP 12456 1044 5 has have VBZ 12456 1044 6 a a DT 12456 1044 7 good good JJ 12456 1044 8 woman woman NN 12456 1044 9 's 's POS 12456 1044 10 love love NN 12456 1044 11 is be VBZ 12456 1044 12 ashamed ashamed JJ 12456 1044 13 of of IN 12456 1044 14 every every DT 12456 1044 15 ill ill JJ 12456 1044 16 deed deed NN 12456 1044 17 " " '' 12456 1044 18 ) ) -RRB- 12456 1044 19 , , , 12456 1044 20 compared compare VBN 12456 1044 21 with with IN 12456 1044 22 Bernart Bernart NNP 12456 1044 23 de de NNP 12456 1044 24 Ventadour's-- Ventadour's-- NNP 12456 1044 25 Non Non NNP 12456 1044 26 es es XX 12456 1044 27 meravilha meravilha JJ 12456 1044 28 s'ieu s'ieu NNS 12456 1044 29 chan chan VBP 12456 1044 30 [ [ -LRB- 12456 1044 31 129 129 CD 12456 1044 32 ] ] -RRB- 12456 1044 33 Melhs Melhs NNP 12456 1044 34 de de IN 12456 1044 35 nul nul NNP 12456 1044 36 autre autre NNP 12456 1044 37 chantador chantador NNP 12456 1044 38 Car Car NNP 12456 1044 39 plus plus CC 12456 1044 40 trai trai NNP 12456 1044 41 mos mos NN 12456 1044 42 cors cor NNS 12456 1044 43 ves ves NNP 12456 1044 44 Amor Amor NNP 12456 1044 45 E E NNP 12456 1044 46 melhs melhs NNP 12456 1044 47 sui sui NNP 12456 1044 48 faitz faitz VB 12456 1044 49 a a DT 12456 1044 50 son son NN 12456 1044 51 coman coman NN 12456 1044 52 . . . 12456 1045 1 ( ( -LRB- 12456 1045 2 " " `` 12456 1045 3 It -PRON- PRP 12456 1045 4 is be VBZ 12456 1045 5 no no DT 12456 1045 6 wonder wonder NN 12456 1045 7 if if IN 12456 1045 8 I -PRON- PRP 12456 1045 9 sing sing VBP 12456 1045 10 better well RBR 12456 1045 11 than than IN 12456 1045 12 any any DT 12456 1045 13 other other JJ 12456 1045 14 singer singer NN 12456 1045 15 , , , 12456 1045 16 for for IN 12456 1045 17 my -PRON- PRP$ 12456 1045 18 heart heart NN 12456 1045 19 draws draw VBZ 12456 1045 20 nearer near RBR 12456 1045 21 to to TO 12456 1045 22 love love NN 12456 1045 23 and and CC 12456 1045 24 I -PRON- PRP 12456 1045 25 am be VBP 12456 1045 26 better well RBR 12456 1045 27 made make VBN 12456 1045 28 for for IN 12456 1045 29 love love NN 12456 1045 30 's 's POS 12456 1045 31 command command NN 12456 1045 32 . . . 12456 1045 33 " " '' 12456 1045 34 ) ) -RRB- 12456 1046 1 The the DT 12456 1046 2 troubadour troubadour JJ 12456 1046 3 _ _ NNP 12456 1046 4 amor amor NN 12456 1046 5 _ _ NNP 12456 1046 6 , , , 12456 1046 7 especially especially RB 12456 1046 8 in in IN 12456 1046 9 its -PRON- PRP$ 12456 1046 10 Italian italian JJ 12456 1046 11 development development NN 12456 1046 12 , , , 12456 1046 13 eventually eventually RB 12456 1046 14 attained attain VBD 12456 1046 15 the the DT 12456 1046 16 moral moral JJ 12456 1046 17 power power NN 12456 1046 18 of of IN 12456 1046 19 the the DT 12456 1046 20 _ _ NNP 12456 1046 21 minne minne NNP 12456 1046 22 _ _ NNP 12456 1046 23 ; ; : 12456 1046 24 but but CC 12456 1046 25 in in IN 12456 1046 26 its -PRON- PRP$ 12456 1046 27 early early JJ 12456 1046 28 stages stage NNS 12456 1046 29 , , , 12456 1046 30 it -PRON- PRP 12456 1046 31 was be VBD 12456 1046 32 a a DT 12456 1046 33 personal personal JJ 12456 1046 34 and and CC 12456 1046 35 selfish selfish JJ 12456 1046 36 influence influence NN 12456 1046 37 . . . 12456 1047 1 The the DT 12456 1047 2 stanza stanza NN 12456 1047 3 form form NN 12456 1047 4 and and CC 12456 1047 5 rime rime NN 12456 1047 6 distribution distribution NN 12456 1047 7 of of IN 12456 1047 8 the the DT 12456 1047 9 minnesinger minnesinger NNP 12456 1047 10 poems poem NNS 12456 1047 11 continually continually RB 12456 1047 12 betray betray VB 12456 1047 13 Provençal Provençal NNP 12456 1047 14 influence influence NN 12456 1047 15 : : : 12456 1047 16 the the DT 12456 1047 17 principle principle NN 12456 1047 18 of of IN 12456 1047 19 tripartition tripartition NN 12456 1047 20 is be VBZ 12456 1047 21 constantly constantly RB 12456 1047 22 followed follow VBN 12456 1047 23 and and CC 12456 1047 24 the the DT 12456 1047 25 arrangement arrangement NN 12456 1047 26 of of IN 12456 1047 27 rimes rime NNS 12456 1047 28 is be VBZ 12456 1047 29 often often RB 12456 1047 30 a a DT 12456 1047 31 repetition repetition NN 12456 1047 32 of of IN 12456 1047 33 that that DT 12456 1047 34 adopted adopt VBN 12456 1047 35 in in IN 12456 1047 36 troubadour troubadour PRP$ 12456 1047 37 stanzas stanza NNS 12456 1047 38 . . . 12456 1048 1 Friedrich Friedrich NNP 12456 1048 2 von von NNP 12456 1048 3 Hausen Hausen NNP 12456 1048 4 , , , 12456 1048 5 the the DT 12456 1048 6 Count Count NNP 12456 1048 7 Rudolf Rudolf NNP 12456 1048 8 von von NNP 12456 1048 9 Fenis Fenis NNP 12456 1048 10 , , , 12456 1048 11 Heinrich Heinrich NNP 12456 1048 12 von von NNP 12456 1048 13 Morungen Morungen NNP 12456 1048 14 and and CC 12456 1048 15 others other NNS 12456 1048 16 sometimes sometimes RB 12456 1048 17 translate translate VBP 12456 1048 18 almost almost RB 12456 1048 19 literally literally RB 12456 1048 20 from from IN 12456 1048 21 troubadour troubadour JJ 12456 1048 22 poetry poetry NN 12456 1048 23 , , , 12456 1048 24 though though IN 12456 1048 25 these these DT 12456 1048 26 imitations imitation NNS 12456 1048 27 do do VBP 12456 1048 28 not not RB 12456 1048 29 justify justify VB 12456 1048 30 the the DT 12456 1048 31 lines line NNS 12456 1048 32 of of IN 12456 1048 33 Uhland Uhland NNP 12456 1048 34 . . . 12456 1049 1 In in IN 12456 1049 2 den den NN 12456 1049 3 Thälern Thälern NNP 12456 1049 4 der der IN 12456 1049 5 Provence Provence NNP 12456 1049 6 ist ist NN 12456 1049 7 der der IN 12456 1049 8 Minnesang Minnesang NNP 12456 1049 9 entsprossen entsprossen NNP 12456 1049 10 , , , 12456 1049 11 Kind Kind NNP 12456 1049 12 des des NNP 12456 1049 13 Frühlings Frühlings NNP 12456 1049 14 und und VBP 12456 1049 15 der der IN 12456 1049 16 Minne Minne NNP 12456 1049 17 , , , 12456 1049 18 holder holder NN 12456 1049 19 , , , 12456 1049 20 inniger inniger NN 12456 1049 21 Genossen Genossen NNP 12456 1049 22 . . . 12456 1050 1 Northern Northern NNP 12456 1050 2 France France NNP 12456 1050 3 , , , 12456 1050 4 the the DT 12456 1050 5 home home NN 12456 1050 6 of of IN 12456 1050 7 epic epic JJ 12456 1050 8 poetry poetry NN 12456 1050 9 , , , 12456 1050 10 also also RB 12456 1050 11 possessed possess VBD 12456 1050 12 an an DT 12456 1050 13 indigenous indigenous JJ 12456 1050 14 lyric lyric NN 12456 1050 15 poetry poetry NN 12456 1050 16 , , , 12456 1050 17 including include VBG 12456 1050 18 spring spring NN 12456 1050 19 and and CC 12456 1050 20 dance dance NN 12456 1050 21 songs song NNS 12456 1050 22 , , , 12456 1050 23 pastorals pastoral NNS 12456 1050 24 , , , 12456 1050 25 romances romance NNS 12456 1050 26 , , , 12456 1050 27 and and CC 12456 1050 28 " " `` 12456 1050 29 chansons chanson NNS 12456 1050 30 de de FW 12456 1050 31 toile toile NN 12456 1050 32 . . . 12456 1050 33 " " '' 12456 1051 1 Provençal provençal JJ 12456 1051 2 influence influence NN 12456 1051 3 here here RB 12456 1051 4 was be VBD 12456 1051 5 inevitable inevitable JJ 12456 1051 6 . . . 12456 1052 1 It -PRON- PRP 12456 1052 2 is be VBZ 12456 1052 3 apparent apparent JJ 12456 1052 4 in in IN 12456 1052 5 the the DT 12456 1052 6 form form NN 12456 1052 7 and and CC 12456 1052 8 content content NN 12456 1052 9 of of IN 12456 1052 10 poems poem NNS 12456 1052 11 , , , 12456 1052 12 in in IN 12456 1052 13 the the DT 12456 1052 14 attempt attempt NN 12456 1052 15 to to TO 12456 1052 16 remodel remodel VB 12456 1052 17 [ [ -LRB- 12456 1052 18 130 130 CD 12456 1052 19 ] ] -RRB- 12456 1052 20 Provençal Provençal NNP 12456 1052 21 poems poem NNS 12456 1052 22 by by IN 12456 1052 23 altering alter VBG 12456 1052 24 the the DT 12456 1052 25 words word NNS 12456 1052 26 to to IN 12456 1052 27 French french JJ 12456 1052 28 forms form NNS 12456 1052 29 , , , 12456 1052 30 and and CC 12456 1052 31 by by IN 12456 1052 32 the the DT 12456 1052 33 fact fact NN 12456 1052 34 that that IN 12456 1052 35 Provençal Provençal NNP 12456 1052 36 poems poem NNS 12456 1052 37 are be VBP 12456 1052 38 found find VBN 12456 1052 39 in in IN 12456 1052 40 MS MS NNP 12456 1052 41 . . . 12456 1052 42 collections collection NNS 12456 1052 43 of of IN 12456 1052 44 French french JJ 12456 1052 45 lyrics lyric NNS 12456 1052 46 . . . 12456 1053 1 Provençal provençal JJ 12456 1053 2 poetry poetry NN 12456 1053 3 first first RB 12456 1053 4 became become VBD 12456 1053 5 known know VBN 12456 1053 6 in in IN 12456 1053 7 Northern Northern NNP 12456 1053 8 France France NNP 12456 1053 9 from from IN 12456 1053 10 the the DT 12456 1053 11 East East NNP 12456 1053 12 , , , 12456 1053 13 by by IN 12456 1053 14 means mean NNS 12456 1053 15 of of IN 12456 1053 16 the the DT 12456 1053 17 crusaders crusader NNS 12456 1053 18 and and CC 12456 1053 19 not not RB 12456 1053 20 , , , 12456 1053 21 as as IN 12456 1053 22 might may MD 12456 1053 23 be be VB 12456 1053 24 expected expect VBN 12456 1053 25 , , , 12456 1053 26 by by IN 12456 1053 27 intercommunication intercommunication NN 12456 1053 28 in in IN 12456 1053 29 the the DT 12456 1053 30 centre centre NN 12456 1053 31 of of IN 12456 1053 32 the the DT 12456 1053 33 country country NN 12456 1053 34 . . . 12456 1054 1 The the DT 12456 1054 2 centre centre NN 12456 1054 3 of of IN 12456 1054 4 Provençal Provençal NNP 12456 1054 5 influence influence NN 12456 1054 6 in in IN 12456 1054 7 Northern Northern NNP 12456 1054 8 France France NNP 12456 1054 9 seems seem VBZ 12456 1054 10 to to TO 12456 1054 11 have have VB 12456 1054 12 been be VBN 12456 1054 13 the the DT 12456 1054 14 court court NN 12456 1054 15 of of IN 12456 1054 16 Eleanor Eleanor NNP 12456 1054 17 of of IN 12456 1054 18 Poitiers Poitiers NNP 12456 1054 19 the the DT 12456 1054 20 wife wife NN 12456 1054 21 of of IN 12456 1054 22 Henry Henry NNP 12456 1054 23 II II NNP 12456 1054 24 . . . 12456 1055 1 of of IN 12456 1055 2 England England NNP 12456 1055 3 and and CC 12456 1055 4 the the DT 12456 1055 5 court court NN 12456 1055 6 of of IN 12456 1055 7 her -PRON- PRP$ 12456 1055 8 daughter daughter NN 12456 1055 9 , , , 12456 1055 10 Marie Marie NNP 12456 1055 11 of of IN 12456 1055 12 Champagne Champagne NNP 12456 1055 13 . . . 12456 1056 1 Here here RB 12456 1056 2 knights knight NNS 12456 1056 3 and and CC 12456 1056 4 ladies lady NNS 12456 1056 5 attempted attempt VBD 12456 1056 6 to to TO 12456 1056 7 form form VB 12456 1056 8 a a DT 12456 1056 9 legal legal JJ 12456 1056 10 code code NN 12456 1056 11 governing govern VBG 12456 1056 12 love love NN 12456 1056 13 affairs affair NNS 12456 1056 14 , , , 12456 1056 15 of of IN 12456 1056 16 which which WDT 12456 1056 17 a a DT 12456 1056 18 Latin Latin NNP 12456 1056 19 edition edition NN 12456 1056 20 exists exist VBZ 12456 1056 21 in in IN 12456 1056 22 the the DT 12456 1056 23 _ _ NNP 12456 1056 24 De De NNP 12456 1056 25 arte arte NNP 12456 1056 26 honeste honeste NNP 12456 1056 27 amandi amandi NNP 12456 1056 28 _ _ NNP 12456 1056 29 of of IN 12456 1056 30 André André NNP 12456 1056 31 le le NNP 12456 1056 32 Chapelain Chapelain NNP 12456 1056 33 , , , 12456 1056 34 written write VBN 12456 1056 35 at at IN 12456 1056 36 the the DT 12456 1056 37 outset outset NN 12456 1056 38 of of IN 12456 1056 39 the the DT 12456 1056 40 thirteenth thirteenth JJ 12456 1056 41 century century NN 12456 1056 42 . . . 12456 1057 1 Well well RB 12456 1057 2 - - HYPH 12456 1057 3 known know VBN 12456 1057 4 troubadours troubadour NNS 12456 1057 5 such such JJ 12456 1057 6 as as IN 12456 1057 7 Bertran Bertran NNP 12456 1057 8 de de NNP 12456 1057 9 Born Born NNP 12456 1057 10 and and CC 12456 1057 11 Bernart Bernart NNP 12456 1057 12 de de NNP 12456 1057 13 Ventadour Ventadour NNP 12456 1057 14 visited visit VBD 12456 1057 15 Eleanor Eleanor NNP 12456 1057 16 's 's POS 12456 1057 17 court court NN 12456 1057 18 and and CC 12456 1057 19 the the DT 12456 1057 20 theory theory NN 12456 1057 21 of of IN 12456 1057 22 courtly courtly RB 12456 1057 23 love love NN 12456 1057 24 found find VBD 12456 1057 25 its -PRON- PRP$ 12456 1057 26 way way NN 12456 1057 27 into into IN 12456 1057 28 epic epic JJ 12456 1057 29 poetry poetry NN 12456 1057 30 in in IN 12456 1057 31 the the DT 12456 1057 32 hands hand NNS 12456 1057 33 of of IN 12456 1057 34 Chrétien Chrétien NNP 12456 1057 35 de de FW 12456 1057 36 Troyes Troyes NNP 12456 1057 37 . . . 12456 1058 1 The the DT 12456 1058 2 Provençal Provençal NNP 12456 1058 3 school school NN 12456 1058 4 in in IN 12456 1058 5 Northern Northern NNP 12456 1058 6 France France NNP 12456 1058 7 began begin VBD 12456 1058 8 during during IN 12456 1058 9 the the DT 12456 1058 10 latter latter JJ 12456 1058 11 half half NN 12456 1058 12 of of IN 12456 1058 13 the the DT 12456 1058 14 twelfth twelfth JJ 12456 1058 15 century century NN 12456 1058 16 . . . 12456 1059 1 The the DT 12456 1059 2 _ _ NNP 12456 1059 3 chanson chanson NN 12456 1059 4 _ _ NNP 12456 1059 5 properly properly RB 12456 1059 6 so so RB 12456 1059 7 called call VBN 12456 1059 8 is be VBZ 12456 1059 9 naturally naturally RB 12456 1059 10 most most RBS 12456 1059 11 strongly strongly RB 12456 1059 12 represented represent VBN 12456 1059 13 : : : 12456 1059 14 but but CC 12456 1059 15 the the DT 12456 1059 16 Provençal Provençal NNP 12456 1059 17 forms form NNS 12456 1059 18 , , , 12456 1059 19 the the DT 12456 1059 20 _ _ NNP 12456 1059 21 tençon tençon NN 12456 1059 22 _ _ NNP 12456 1059 23 ( ( -LRB- 12456 1059 24 Prov Prov NNP 12456 1059 25 . . . 12456 1060 1 _ _ NNP 12456 1060 2 tenso tenso NNP 12456 1060 3 _ _ NNP 12456 1060 4 ) ) -RRB- 12456 1060 5 and and CC 12456 1060 6 a a DT 12456 1060 7 variant variant NN 12456 1060 8 of of IN 12456 1060 9 it -PRON- PRP 12456 1060 10 , , , 12456 1060 11 the the DT 12456 1060 12 _ _ NNP 12456 1060 13 jeu jeu NN 12456 1060 14 - - HYPH 12456 1060 15 parti parti NN 12456 1060 16 _ _ NNP 12456 1060 17 ( ( -LRB- 12456 1060 18 Prov Prov NNP 12456 1060 19 . . . 12456 1061 1 _ _ NNP 12456 1061 2 jocs jocs NNP 12456 1061 3 partitz partitz RB 12456 1061 4 _ _ NNP 12456 1061 5 or or CC 12456 1061 6 _ _ NNP 12456 1061 7 partimens partimens NNPS 12456 1061 8 _ _ NNP 12456 1061 9 ) ) -RRB- 12456 1061 10 are be VBP 12456 1061 11 also also RB 12456 1061 12 found find VBN 12456 1061 13 , , , 12456 1061 14 especially especially RB 12456 1061 15 the the DT 12456 1061 16 latter latter JJ 12456 1061 17 . . . 12456 1062 1 This this DT 12456 1062 2 was be VBD 12456 1062 3 so so RB 12456 1062 4 called call VBN 12456 1062 5 , , , 12456 1062 6 because because IN 12456 1062 7 the the DT 12456 1062 8 opener opener NN 12456 1062 9 of of IN 12456 1062 10 the the DT 12456 1062 11 debate debate NN 12456 1062 12 proposed propose VBN 12456 1062 13 two two CD 12456 1062 14 alternatives alternative NNS 12456 1062 15 to to IN 12456 1062 16 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 1062 17 interlocutor interlocutor NN 12456 1062 18 , , , 12456 1062 19 of of IN 12456 1062 20 which which WDT 12456 1062 21 the the DT 12456 1062 22 latter latter JJ 12456 1062 23 could could MD 12456 1062 24 choose choose VB 12456 1062 25 for for IN 12456 1062 26 support support NN 12456 1062 27 either either CC 12456 1062 28 that that IN 12456 1062 29 [ [ -LRB- 12456 1062 30 131 131 CD 12456 1062 31 ] ] -RRB- 12456 1062 32 he -PRON- PRP 12456 1062 33 preferred prefer VBD 12456 1062 34 , , , 12456 1062 35 the the DT 12456 1062 36 proposer proposer NN 12456 1062 37 taking take VBG 12456 1062 38 the the DT 12456 1062 39 other other JJ 12456 1062 40 contrary contrary JJ 12456 1062 41 proposition proposition NN 12456 1062 42 : : : 12456 1062 43 the the DT 12456 1062 44 contestants contestant NNS 12456 1062 45 often often RB 12456 1062 46 left leave VBD 12456 1062 47 the the DT 12456 1062 48 decision decision NN 12456 1062 49 in in IN 12456 1062 50 an an DT 12456 1062 51 _ _ NNP 12456 1062 52 envoi envoi NN 12456 1062 53 _ _ NNP 12456 1062 54 to to IN 12456 1062 55 one one CD 12456 1062 56 or or CC 12456 1062 57 more more JJR 12456 1062 58 arbitrators arbitrator NNS 12456 1062 59 by by IN 12456 1062 60 common common JJ 12456 1062 61 consent consent NN 12456 1062 62 . . . 12456 1063 1 Misinterpretation misinterpretation NN 12456 1063 2 of of IN 12456 1063 3 the the DT 12456 1063 4 language language NN 12456 1063 5 of of IN 12456 1063 6 these these DT 12456 1063 7 _ _ NNP 12456 1063 8 envois envois NN 12456 1063 9 _ _ NNP 12456 1063 10 gave give VBD 12456 1063 11 rise rise NN 12456 1063 12 to to IN 12456 1063 13 the the DT 12456 1063 14 legend legend NN 12456 1063 15 concerning concern VBG 12456 1063 16 the the DT 12456 1063 17 " " `` 12456 1063 18 courts court NNS 12456 1063 19 of of IN 12456 1063 20 love love NN 12456 1063 21 , , , 12456 1063 22 " " '' 12456 1063 23 as as IN 12456 1063 24 we -PRON- PRP 12456 1063 25 have have VBP 12456 1063 26 stated state VBN 12456 1063 27 in in IN 12456 1063 28 a a DT 12456 1063 29 previous previous JJ 12456 1063 30 chapter chapter NN 12456 1063 31 . . . 12456 1064 1 One one CD 12456 1064 2 of of IN 12456 1064 3 the the DT 12456 1064 4 earliest early JJS 12456 1064 5 representatives representative NNS 12456 1064 6 of of IN 12456 1064 7 this this DT 12456 1064 8 school school NN 12456 1064 9 was be VBD 12456 1064 10 Conon Conon NNP 12456 1064 11 de de FW 12456 1064 12 Bethune Bethune NNP 12456 1064 13 , , , 12456 1064 14 born bear VBN 12456 1064 15 in in IN 12456 1064 16 1155 1155 CD 12456 1064 17 ; ; : 12456 1064 18 he -PRON- PRP 12456 1064 19 took take VBD 12456 1064 20 part part NN 12456 1064 21 in in IN 12456 1064 22 the the DT 12456 1064 23 Crusades Crusades NNP 12456 1064 24 of of IN 12456 1064 25 1189 1189 CD 12456 1064 26 and and CC 12456 1064 27 1199 1199 CD 12456 1064 28 . . . 12456 1065 1 Blondel Blondel NNP 12456 1065 2 de de NNP 12456 1065 3 Nesles Nesles NNP 12456 1065 4 , , , 12456 1065 5 Gace Gace NNP 12456 1065 6 Brulé Brulé NNP 12456 1065 7 and and CC 12456 1065 8 the the DT 12456 1065 9 Châtelain Châtelain NNP 12456 1065 10 de de IN 12456 1065 11 Coucy Coucy NNP 12456 1065 12 are be VBP 12456 1065 13 also also RB 12456 1065 14 well well RB 12456 1065 15 - - HYPH 12456 1065 16 known know VBN 12456 1065 17 names name NNS 12456 1065 18 belonging belong VBG 12456 1065 19 to to IN 12456 1065 20 the the DT 12456 1065 21 twelfth twelfth JJ 12456 1065 22 century century NN 12456 1065 23 . . . 12456 1066 1 Thibaut Thibaut NNP 12456 1066 2 IV IV NNP 12456 1066 3 . . NNP 12456 1066 4 , , , 12456 1066 5 Count Count NNP 12456 1066 6 of of IN 12456 1066 7 Champagne Champagne NNP 12456 1066 8 and and CC 12456 1066 9 King King NNP 12456 1066 10 of of IN 12456 1066 11 Navarre Navarre NNP 12456 1066 12 ( ( -LRB- 12456 1066 13 1201 1201 CD 12456 1066 14 - - SYM 12456 1066 15 1253 1253 CD 12456 1066 16 ) ) -RRB- 12456 1066 17 , , , 12456 1066 18 shared share VBN 12456 1066 19 in in IN 12456 1066 20 the the DT 12456 1066 21 Albigeois Albigeois NNP 12456 1066 22 crusade crusade NN 12456 1066 23 and and CC 12456 1066 24 thus thus RB 12456 1066 25 helped help VBD 12456 1066 26 in in IN 12456 1066 27 the the DT 12456 1066 28 destruction destruction NN 12456 1066 29 of of IN 12456 1066 30 the the DT 12456 1066 31 poetry poetry NN 12456 1066 32 which which WDT 12456 1066 33 he -PRON- PRP 12456 1066 34 imitated imitate VBD 12456 1066 35 . . . 12456 1067 1 One one CD 12456 1067 2 of of IN 12456 1067 3 the the DT 12456 1067 4 poems poem NNS 12456 1067 5 attributed attribute VBN 12456 1067 6 to to IN 12456 1067 7 him -PRON- PRP 12456 1067 8 by by IN 12456 1067 9 Dante Dante NNP 12456 1067 10 ( ( -LRB- 12456 1067 11 _ _ NNP 12456 1067 12 De De NNP 12456 1067 13 Vulg Vulg NNP 12456 1067 14 . . . 12456 1068 1 El El NNP 12456 1068 2 . . NNP 12456 1068 3 _ _ NNP 12456 1068 4 ) ) -RRB- 12456 1068 5 belongs belong VBZ 12456 1068 6 to to IN 12456 1068 7 Gace Gace NNP 12456 1068 8 Brulé Brulé NNP 12456 1068 9 ; ; : 12456 1068 10 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 1068 11 love love NN 12456 1068 12 affair affair NN 12456 1068 13 with with IN 12456 1068 14 Blanche Blanche NNP 12456 1068 15 of of IN 12456 1068 16 Castile Castile NNP 12456 1068 17 is be VBZ 12456 1068 18 probably probably RB 12456 1068 19 legendary legendary JJ 12456 1068 20 . . . 12456 1069 1 Several several JJ 12456 1069 2 crusade crusade NN 12456 1069 3 songs song NNS 12456 1069 4 are be VBP 12456 1069 5 attributed attribute VBN 12456 1069 6 to to IN 12456 1069 7 Thibaut Thibaut NNP 12456 1069 8 among among IN 12456 1069 9 some some DT 12456 1069 10 thirty thirty CD 12456 1069 11 poems poem NNS 12456 1069 12 of of IN 12456 1069 13 the the DT 12456 1069 14 kind kind NN 12456 1069 15 that that WDT 12456 1069 16 remain remain VBP 12456 1069 17 to to IN 12456 1069 18 us -PRON- PRP 12456 1069 19 from from IN 12456 1069 20 the the DT 12456 1069 21 output output NN 12456 1069 22 of of IN 12456 1069 23 this this DT 12456 1069 24 school school NN 12456 1069 25 . . . 12456 1070 1 These these DT 12456 1070 2 crusade crusade NN 12456 1070 3 poems poem NNS 12456 1070 4 exhibit exhibit VBP 12456 1070 5 the the DT 12456 1070 6 characteristics characteristic NNS 12456 1070 7 of of IN 12456 1070 8 their -PRON- PRP$ 12456 1070 9 Provençal Provençal NNP 12456 1070 10 models model NNS 12456 1070 11 : : : 12456 1070 12 there there EX 12456 1070 13 are be VBP 12456 1070 14 exhortations exhortation NNS 12456 1070 15 to to TO 12456 1070 16 take take VB 12456 1070 17 the the DT 12456 1070 18 cross cross NN 12456 1070 19 in in IN 12456 1070 20 the the DT 12456 1070 21 form form NN 12456 1070 22 of of IN 12456 1070 23 versified versified JJ 12456 1070 24 sermons sermon NNS 12456 1070 25 ; ; : 12456 1070 26 there there EX 12456 1070 27 are be VBP 12456 1070 28 also also RB 12456 1070 29 love love NN 12456 1070 30 poems poem NNS 12456 1070 31 which which WDT 12456 1070 32 depict depict VBP 12456 1070 33 the the DT 12456 1070 34 poet poet NN 12456 1070 35 's 's POS 12456 1070 36 mind mind NN 12456 1070 37 divided divide VBN 12456 1070 38 between between IN 12456 1070 39 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 1070 40 duty duty NN 12456 1070 41 as as IN 12456 1070 42 a a DT 12456 1070 43 crusader crusader NN 12456 1070 44 and and CC 12456 1070 45 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 1070 46 reluctance reluctance NN 12456 1070 47 to to TO 12456 1070 48 leave leave VB 12456 1070 49 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 1070 50 lady lady NN 12456 1070 51 ; ; : 12456 1070 52 or or CC 12456 1070 53 we -PRON- PRP 12456 1070 54 find find VBP 12456 1070 55 the the DT 12456 1070 56 lady lady NN 12456 1070 57 [ [ -LRB- 12456 1070 58 132 132 CD 12456 1070 59 ] ] -RRB- 12456 1070 60 bewailing bewail VBG 12456 1070 61 her -PRON- PRP$ 12456 1070 62 lover lover NN 12456 1070 63 's 's POS 12456 1070 64 departure departure NN 12456 1070 65 , , , 12456 1070 66 or or CC 12456 1070 67 again again RB 12456 1070 68 , , , 12456 1070 69 lady lady NN 12456 1070 70 and and CC 12456 1070 71 lover lover NNP 12456 1070 72 lament lament VB 12456 1070 73 their -PRON- PRP$ 12456 1070 74 approaching approaching JJ 12456 1070 75 separation separation NN 12456 1070 76 in in IN 12456 1070 77 alternate alternate JJ 12456 1070 78 stanzas stanza NNS 12456 1070 79 . . . 12456 1071 1 There there EX 12456 1071 2 is be VBZ 12456 1071 3 more more RBR 12456 1071 4 real real JJ 12456 1071 5 feeling feeling NN 12456 1071 6 in in IN 12456 1071 7 some some DT 12456 1071 8 of of IN 12456 1071 9 these these DT 12456 1071 10 poems poem NNS 12456 1071 11 than than IN 12456 1071 12 is be VBZ 12456 1071 13 apparent apparent JJ 12456 1071 14 in in IN 12456 1071 15 the the DT 12456 1071 16 ordinary ordinary JJ 12456 1071 17 chanson chanson NN 12456 1071 18 of of IN 12456 1071 19 the the DT 12456 1071 20 Northern Northern NNP 12456 1071 21 French French NNP 12456 1071 22 courtly courtly RB 12456 1071 23 school school NN 12456 1071 24 : : : 12456 1071 25 the the DT 12456 1071 26 following follow VBG 12456 1071 27 stanzas stanza NNS 12456 1071 28 are be VBP 12456 1071 29 from from IN 12456 1071 30 a a DT 12456 1071 31 poem poem NN 12456 1071 32 by by IN 12456 1071 33 Guiot Guiot NNP 12456 1071 34 de de NNP 12456 1071 35 Dijon,[34 Dijon,[34 NNP 12456 1071 36 ] ] -RRB- 12456 1071 37 the the DT 12456 1071 38 lament lament NN 12456 1071 39 of of IN 12456 1071 40 a a DT 12456 1071 41 lady lady NN 12456 1071 42 for for IN 12456 1071 43 her -PRON- PRP$ 12456 1071 44 absent absent JJ 12456 1071 45 lover-- lover-- NNP 12456 1071 46 Chanterai Chanterai NNP 12456 1071 47 por por NN 12456 1071 48 mon mon NN 12456 1071 49 corage corage NN 12456 1071 50 Que Que NNP 12456 1071 51 je je NNP 12456 1071 52 vueill vueill NN 12456 1071 53 reconforter reconforter NNP 12456 1071 54 Car Car NNP 12456 1071 55 avec avec FW 12456 1071 56 mon mon NN 12456 1071 57 grant grant VBP 12456 1071 58 damage damage NN 12456 1071 59 Ne Ne NNP 12456 1071 60 quier quier NNP 12456 1071 61 morir morir NNP 12456 1071 62 n'afoler n'afoler NNP 12456 1071 63 , , , 12456 1071 64 Quant Quant NNP 12456 1071 65 de de NNP 12456 1071 66 la la NNP 12456 1071 67 terra terra NNP 12456 1071 68 sauvage sauvage NN 12456 1071 69 Ne Ne NNP 12456 1071 70 voi voi NN 12456 1071 71 nului nului NN 12456 1071 72 retorner retorner NN 12456 1071 73 Ou Ou NNP 12456 1071 74 cil cil NN 12456 1071 75 est est NNP 12456 1071 76 qui qui VBD 12456 1071 77 m'assoage m'assoage NNP 12456 1071 78 Le Le NNP 12456 1071 79 cuer cuer VBP 12456 1071 80 , , , 12456 1071 81 quant quant JJ 12456 1071 82 j'en j'en NNP 12456 1071 83 oi oi NNP 12456 1071 84 parler parler NN 12456 1071 85 Dex Dex NNP 12456 1071 86 , , , 12456 1071 87 quant quant NN 12456 1071 88 crieront crieront NN 12456 1071 89 outree outree NN 12456 1071 90 , , , 12456 1071 91 Sire Sire NNP 12456 1071 92 , , , 12456 1071 93 aidiés aidiés NNP 12456 1071 94 au au NNP 12456 1071 95 pelerin pelerin NNP 12456 1071 96 Por Por NNP 12456 1071 97 cui cui NNP 12456 1071 98 sui sui NNP 12456 1071 99 espoentee espoentee NN 12456 1071 100 , , , 12456 1071 101 Car car NN 12456 1071 102 felon felon NN 12456 1071 103 sunt sunt NN 12456 1071 104 Sarrazin Sarrazin NNP 12456 1071 105 . . . 12456 1072 1 De De NNP 12456 1072 2 ce ce NNP 12456 1072 3 sui sui NNP 12456 1072 4 bone bone NN 12456 1072 5 atente atente NNP 12456 1072 6 Que Que NNP 12456 1072 7 je je NNP 12456 1072 8 son son NNP 12456 1072 9 homage homage NNP 12456 1072 10 pris pris NNP 12456 1072 11 , , , 12456 1072 12 E e UH 12456 1072 13 quant quant NN 12456 1072 14 la la FW 12456 1072 15 douce douce VBP 12456 1072 16 ore ore NN 12456 1072 17 vente vente NNP 12456 1072 18 Qui Qui NNP 12456 1072 19 vient vient NNP 12456 1072 20 de de NNP 12456 1072 21 cel cel NNP 12456 1072 22 douz douz NN 12456 1072 23 païs paï VBD 12456 1072 24 Ou Ou NNP 12456 1072 25 cil cil NN 12456 1072 26 est est NNP 12456 1072 27 qui qui VBD 12456 1072 28 m'atalente m'atalente NNP 12456 1072 29 , , , 12456 1072 30 Volontiers Volontiers NNPS 12456 1072 31 i i PRP 12456 1072 32 tor tor VBP 12456 1072 33 mon mon NN 12456 1072 34 vis vis FW 12456 1072 35 : : : 12456 1072 36 Adont Adont NNP 12456 1072 37 m'est m'est NNP 12456 1072 38 vis vis FW 12456 1072 39 que que NNP 12456 1072 40 jel jel NNP 12456 1072 41 sente sente NNP 12456 1072 42 Par Par NNP 12456 1072 43 desoz desoz JJ 12456 1072 44 mon mon NNP 12456 1072 45 mantel mantel NNP 12456 1072 46 gris gris NNP 12456 1072 47 . . . 12456 1073 1 Dex Dex NNP 12456 1073 2 , , , 12456 1073 3 etc etc FW 12456 1073 4 . . . 12456 1074 1 " " `` 12456 1074 2 I -PRON- PRP 12456 1074 3 will will MD 12456 1074 4 sing sing VB 12456 1074 5 for for IN 12456 1074 6 my -PRON- PRP$ 12456 1074 7 heart heart NN 12456 1074 8 which which WDT 12456 1074 9 I -PRON- PRP 12456 1074 10 will will MD 12456 1074 11 comfort comfort VB 12456 1074 12 , , , 12456 1074 13 for for IN 12456 1074 14 in in IN 12456 1074 15 spite spite NN 12456 1074 16 of of IN 12456 1074 17 my -PRON- PRP$ 12456 1074 18 great great JJ 12456 1074 19 loss loss NN 12456 1074 20 I -PRON- PRP 12456 1074 21 do do VBP 12456 1074 22 not not RB 12456 1074 23 wish wish VB 12456 1074 24 to to TO 12456 1074 25 die die VB 12456 1074 26 , , , 12456 1074 27 and and CC 12456 1074 28 yet yet RB 12456 1074 29 I -PRON- PRP 12456 1074 30 see see VBP 12456 1074 31 no no DT 12456 1074 32 one one NN 12456 1074 33 return return NN 12456 1074 34 from from IN 12456 1074 35 the the DT 12456 1074 36 wild wild JJ 12456 1074 37 [ [ -LRB- 12456 1074 38 133 133 CD 12456 1074 39 ] ] -RRB- 12456 1074 40 land land NN 12456 1074 41 where where WRB 12456 1074 42 he -PRON- PRP 12456 1074 43 is be VBZ 12456 1074 44 who who WP 12456 1074 45 calms calm VBZ 12456 1074 46 my -PRON- PRP$ 12456 1074 47 heart heart NN 12456 1074 48 when when WRB 12456 1074 49 I -PRON- PRP 12456 1074 50 hear hear VBP 12456 1074 51 mention mention NN 12456 1074 52 of of IN 12456 1074 53 him -PRON- PRP 12456 1074 54 . . . 12456 1075 1 God God NNP 12456 1075 2 ! ! . 12456 1076 1 when when WRB 12456 1076 2 they -PRON- PRP 12456 1076 3 cry cry VBP 12456 1076 4 Outre Outre NNP 12456 1076 5 ( ( -LRB- 12456 1076 6 a a DT 12456 1076 7 pilgrim pilgrim JJ 12456 1076 8 marching marching NN 12456 1076 9 cry cry NN 12456 1076 10 ) ) -RRB- 12456 1076 11 , , , 12456 1076 12 Lord Lord NNP 12456 1076 13 help help VBP 12456 1076 14 the the DT 12456 1076 15 pilgrim pilgrim NN 12456 1076 16 for for IN 12456 1076 17 whom whom WP 12456 1076 18 I -PRON- PRP 12456 1076 19 tremble tremble VBP 12456 1076 20 , , , 12456 1076 21 for for IN 12456 1076 22 wicked wicked JJ 12456 1076 23 are be VBP 12456 1076 24 the the DT 12456 1076 25 Saracens Saracens NNP 12456 1076 26 . . . 12456 1077 1 " " `` 12456 1077 2 From from IN 12456 1077 3 this this DT 12456 1077 4 fact fact NN 12456 1077 5 have have VBP 12456 1077 6 I -PRON- PRP 12456 1077 7 confidence confidence NN 12456 1077 8 , , , 12456 1077 9 that that IN 12456 1077 10 I -PRON- PRP 12456 1077 11 have have VBP 12456 1077 12 received receive VBN 12456 1077 13 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 1077 14 vows vow NNS 12456 1077 15 and and CC 12456 1077 16 when when WRB 12456 1077 17 the the DT 12456 1077 18 gentle gentle JJ 12456 1077 19 breeze breeze NN 12456 1077 20 blows blow NNS 12456 1077 21 which which WDT 12456 1077 22 comes come VBZ 12456 1077 23 from from IN 12456 1077 24 the the DT 12456 1077 25 sweet sweet JJ 12456 1077 26 country country NN 12456 1077 27 where where WRB 12456 1077 28 he -PRON- PRP 12456 1077 29 is be VBZ 12456 1077 30 whom whom WP 12456 1077 31 I -PRON- PRP 12456 1077 32 desire desire VBP 12456 1077 33 , , , 12456 1077 34 readily readily RB 12456 1077 35 do do VBP 12456 1077 36 I -PRON- PRP 12456 1077 37 turn turn VB 12456 1077 38 my -PRON- PRP$ 12456 1077 39 face face NN 12456 1077 40 thither thither NN 12456 1077 41 : : : 12456 1077 42 then then RB 12456 1077 43 I -PRON- PRP 12456 1077 44 think think VBP 12456 1077 45 I -PRON- PRP 12456 1077 46 feel feel VBP 12456 1077 47 him -PRON- PRP 12456 1077 48 beneath beneath IN 12456 1077 49 my -PRON- PRP$ 12456 1077 50 grey grey NNP 12456 1077 51 mantle mantle NN 12456 1077 52 . . . 12456 1077 53 " " '' 12456 1078 1 The the DT 12456 1078 2 idea idea NN 12456 1078 3 in in IN 12456 1078 4 the the DT 12456 1078 5 second second JJ 12456 1078 6 stanza stanza NNP 12456 1078 7 quoted quote VBN 12456 1078 8 is be VBZ 12456 1078 9 borrowed borrow VBN 12456 1078 10 from from IN 12456 1078 11 Bernard Bernard NNP 12456 1078 12 de de IN 12456 1078 13 Ventadour-- Ventadour-- NNS 12456 1078 14 Quant Quant NNP 12456 1078 15 la la NNP 12456 1078 16 douss douss NNP 12456 1078 17 ' ' POS 12456 1078 18 aura aura NN 12456 1078 19 venta venta NNP 12456 1078 20 Deves Deves NNP 12456 1078 21 vostre vostre NN 12456 1078 22 païs paï VBD 12456 1078 23 . . . 12456 1079 1 Vejaire vejaire VB 12456 1079 2 m'es m'es NNP 12456 1079 3 qu'eu qu'eu NN 12456 1079 4 senta senta NNP 12456 1079 5 Un Un NNP 12456 1079 6 ven ven NNP 12456 1079 7 de de IN 12456 1079 8 Paradis Paradis NNP 12456 1079 9 . . . 12456 1080 1 The the DT 12456 1080 2 greater great JJR 12456 1080 3 part part NN 12456 1080 4 of of IN 12456 1080 5 this this DT 12456 1080 6 poetry poetry NN 12456 1080 7 repeats repeat VBZ 12456 1080 8 , , , 12456 1080 9 in in IN 12456 1080 10 another another DT 12456 1080 11 language language NN 12456 1080 12 , , , 12456 1080 13 the the DT 12456 1080 14 well well RB 12456 1080 15 - - HYPH 12456 1080 16 worn wear VBN 12456 1080 17 mannerisms mannerism NNS 12456 1080 18 of of IN 12456 1080 19 the the DT 12456 1080 20 troubadours troubadour NNS 12456 1080 21 : : : 12456 1080 22 we -PRON- PRP 12456 1080 23 find find VBP 12456 1080 24 the the DT 12456 1080 25 usual usual JJ 12456 1080 26 introductory introductory JJ 12456 1080 27 references reference NNS 12456 1080 28 to to IN 12456 1080 29 the the DT 12456 1080 30 spring spring NN 12456 1080 31 or or CC 12456 1080 32 winter winter NN 12456 1080 33 seasons season NNS 12456 1080 34 , , , 12456 1080 35 the the DT 12456 1080 36 wounding wounding NN 12456 1080 37 glances glance NNS 12456 1080 38 of of IN 12456 1080 39 ladies lady NNS 12456 1080 40 ' ' POS 12456 1080 41 eyes eye NNS 12456 1080 42 , , , 12456 1080 43 the the DT 12456 1080 44 tyranny tyranny NN 12456 1080 45 of of IN 12456 1080 46 love love NN 12456 1080 47 , , , 12456 1080 48 the the DT 12456 1080 49 reluctance reluctance NN 12456 1080 50 to to TO 12456 1080 51 be be VB 12456 1080 52 released release VBN 12456 1080 53 from from IN 12456 1080 54 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 1080 55 chains chain NNS 12456 1080 56 and and CC 12456 1080 57 so so RB 12456 1080 58 forth forth RB 12456 1080 59 , , , 12456 1080 60 decked deck VBD 12456 1080 61 out out RP 12456 1080 62 with with IN 12456 1080 63 complications complication NNS 12456 1080 64 of of IN 12456 1080 65 stanza stanza JJ 12456 1080 66 form form NN 12456 1080 67 and and CC 12456 1080 68 rime rime NN 12456 1080 69 - - HYPH 12456 1080 70 distribution distribution NN 12456 1080 71 . . . 12456 1081 1 Dialectical dialectical JJ 12456 1081 2 subtlety subtlety NN 12456 1081 3 is be VBZ 12456 1081 4 not not RB 12456 1081 5 absent absent JJ 12456 1081 6 , , , 12456 1081 7 and and CC 12456 1081 8 occasionally occasionally RB 12456 1081 9 some some DT 12456 1081 10 glow glow NN 12456 1081 11 of of IN 12456 1081 12 natural natural JJ 12456 1081 13 feeling feeling NN 12456 1081 14 may may MD 12456 1081 15 be be VB 12456 1081 16 perceived perceive VBN 12456 1081 17 ; ; : 12456 1081 18 but but CC 12456 1081 19 that that DT 12456 1081 20 school school NN 12456 1081 21 in in IN 12456 1081 22 general general JJ 12456 1081 23 was be VBD 12456 1081 24 careful careful JJ 12456 1081 25 to to TO 12456 1081 26 avoid avoid VB 12456 1081 27 the the DT 12456 1081 28 vulgarity vulgarity NN 12456 1081 29 of of IN 12456 1081 30 unpremeditated unpremeditated JJ 12456 1081 31 emotion emotion NN 12456 1081 32 and and CC 12456 1081 33 appealed appeal VBD 12456 1081 34 only only RB 12456 1081 35 to to IN 12456 1081 36 a a DT 12456 1081 37 restricted restricted JJ 12456 1081 38 class class NN 12456 1081 39 of of IN 12456 1081 40 the the DT 12456 1081 41 initiated initiate VBN 12456 1081 42 . . . 12456 1082 1 Changes change NNS 12456 1082 2 in in IN 12456 1082 3 the the DT 12456 1082 4 constitution constitution NN 12456 1082 5 and and CC 12456 1082 6 customs custom NNS 12456 1082 7 of of IN 12456 1082 8 society society NN 12456 1082 9 brought bring VBN 12456 1082 10 this this DT 12456 1082 11 school school NN 12456 1082 12 [ [ -LRB- 12456 1082 13 134 134 CD 12456 1082 14 ] ] -RRB- 12456 1082 15 to to IN 12456 1082 16 an an DT 12456 1082 17 end end NN 12456 1082 18 at at IN 12456 1082 19 the the DT 12456 1082 20 close close NN 12456 1082 21 of of IN 12456 1082 22 the the DT 12456 1082 23 thirteenth thirteenth JJ 12456 1082 24 century century NN 12456 1082 25 , , , 12456 1082 26 and and CC 12456 1082 27 a a DT 12456 1082 28 new new JJ 12456 1082 29 period period NN 12456 1082 30 of of IN 12456 1082 31 lyric lyric NN 12456 1082 32 poetry poetry NN 12456 1082 33 was be VBD 12456 1082 34 introduced introduce VBN 12456 1082 35 by by IN 12456 1082 36 Guillaume Guillaume NNP 12456 1082 37 de de NNP 12456 1082 38 Machaut Machaut NNP 12456 1082 39 and and CC 12456 1082 40 Eustache Eustache NNP 12456 1082 41 Deschamps Deschamps NNP 12456 1082 42 . . . 12456 1083 1 Of of IN 12456 1083 2 the the DT 12456 1083 3 troubadours troubadour NNS 12456 1083 4 in in IN 12456 1083 5 England England NNP 12456 1083 6 there there EX 12456 1083 7 is be VBZ 12456 1083 8 little little JJ 12456 1083 9 to to TO 12456 1083 10 be be VB 12456 1083 11 said say VBN 12456 1083 12 . . . 12456 1084 1 The the DT 12456 1084 2 subject subject NN 12456 1084 3 has have VBZ 12456 1084 4 hitherto hitherto VBN 12456 1084 5 received receive VBN 12456 1084 6 but but CC 12456 1084 7 scanty scanty NN 12456 1084 8 attention attention NN 12456 1084 9 . . . 12456 1085 1 Richard Richard NNP 12456 1085 2 Coeur Coeur NNP 12456 1085 3 de de NNP 12456 1085 4 Lion Lion NNP 12456 1085 5 was be VBD 12456 1085 6 as as RB 12456 1085 7 much much JJ 12456 1085 8 French French NNP 12456 1085 9 as as IN 12456 1085 10 English English NNP 12456 1085 11 ; ; : 12456 1085 12 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 1085 13 mother mother NN 12456 1085 14 , , , 12456 1085 15 Queen Queen NNP 12456 1085 16 Eleanor Eleanor NNP 12456 1085 17 , , , 12456 1085 18 as as IN 12456 1085 19 we -PRON- PRP 12456 1085 20 have have VBP 12456 1085 21 seen see VBN 12456 1085 22 , , , 12456 1085 23 was be VBD 12456 1085 24 Southern Southern NNP 12456 1085 25 French French NNP 12456 1085 26 by by IN 12456 1085 27 birth birth NN 12456 1085 28 and and CC 12456 1085 29 a a DT 12456 1085 30 patroness patroness NN 12456 1085 31 of of IN 12456 1085 32 troubadours troubadour NNS 12456 1085 33 . . . 12456 1086 1 Richard Richard NNP 12456 1086 2 followed follow VBD 12456 1086 3 her -PRON- PRP$ 12456 1086 4 example example NN 12456 1086 5 ; ; : 12456 1086 6 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 1086 7 praises praise NNS 12456 1086 8 are be VBP 12456 1086 9 repeated repeat VBN 12456 1086 10 by by IN 12456 1086 11 many many JJ 12456 1086 12 troubadours troubadour NNS 12456 1086 13 . . . 12456 1087 1 What what WDT 12456 1087 2 truth truth NN 12456 1087 3 there there EX 12456 1087 4 may may MD 12456 1087 5 be be VB 12456 1087 6 in in IN 12456 1087 7 Roger Roger NNP 12456 1087 8 of of IN 12456 1087 9 Hovenden Hovenden NNP 12456 1087 10 's 's POS 12456 1087 11 statement statement NN 12456 1087 12 concerning concern VBG 12456 1087 13 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 1087 14 motives motive NNS 12456 1087 15 can can MD 12456 1087 16 not not RB 12456 1087 17 be be VB 12456 1087 18 said say VBN 12456 1087 19 ; ; : 12456 1087 20 " " `` 12456 1087 21 Hic hic NN 12456 1087 22 ad ad NN 12456 1087 23 augmentum augmentum NN 12456 1087 24 et et NNP 12456 1087 25 famam famam NNP 12456 1087 26 sui sui NNP 12456 1087 27 nominis nominis NNP 12456 1087 28 emendicata emendicata NNP 12456 1087 29 carmina carmina NNP 12456 1087 30 et et NNP 12456 1087 31 rhythmos rhythmos NNP 12456 1087 32 adulatorios adulatorio VBZ 12456 1087 33 comparabat comparabat NNP 12456 1087 34 et et NNP 12456 1087 35 de de NNP 12456 1087 36 regno regno NNP 12456 1087 37 Francorum Francorum NNP 12456 1087 38 cantores cantore NNS 12456 1087 39 et et NNP 12456 1087 40 joculatores joculatore VBZ 12456 1087 41 muneribus muneribus NNP 12456 1087 42 allexerat allexerat NNP 12456 1087 43 ut ut NNP 12456 1087 44 de de NNP 12456 1087 45 illo illo NNP 12456 1087 46 canerent canerent NN 12456 1087 47 in in IN 12456 1087 48 plateis plateis NNP 12456 1087 49 , , , 12456 1087 50 et et NNP 12456 1087 51 jam jam NNP 12456 1087 52 dicebatur dicebatur NNP 12456 1087 53 ubique ubique NNP 12456 1087 54 , , , 12456 1087 55 quod quod NN 12456 1087 56 non non AFX 12456 1087 57 erat erat NN 12456 1087 58 talis talis NNP 12456 1087 59 in in IN 12456 1087 60 orbe orbe NNP 12456 1087 61 . . . 12456 1087 62 " " '' 12456 1088 1 The the DT 12456 1088 2 manuscripts manuscript NNS 12456 1088 3 have have VBP 12456 1088 4 preserved preserve VBN 12456 1088 5 two two CD 12456 1088 6 poems poem NNS 12456 1088 7 attributed attribute VBN 12456 1088 8 to to IN 12456 1088 9 him -PRON- PRP 12456 1088 10 , , , 12456 1088 11 one one CD 12456 1088 12 referring refer VBG 12456 1088 13 to to IN 12456 1088 14 a a DT 12456 1088 15 difference difference NN 12456 1088 16 with with IN 12456 1088 17 the the DT 12456 1088 18 Dauphin Dauphin NNP 12456 1088 19 of of IN 12456 1088 20 Auvergne Auvergne NNP 12456 1088 21 , , , 12456 1088 22 Robert Robert NNP 12456 1088 23 I. I. NNP 12456 1089 1 ( ( -LRB- 12456 1089 2 1169 1169 CD 12456 1089 3 - - SYM 12456 1089 4 1234 1234 CD 12456 1089 5 ) ) -RRB- 12456 1089 6 , , , 12456 1089 7 the the DT 12456 1089 8 other other JJ 12456 1089 9 a a DT 12456 1089 10 lament lament NN 12456 1089 11 describing describe VBG 12456 1089 12 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 1089 13 feelings feeling NNS 12456 1089 14 during during IN 12456 1089 15 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 1089 16 imprisonment imprisonment NN 12456 1089 17 in in IN 12456 1089 18 Germany Germany NNP 12456 1089 19 ( ( -LRB- 12456 1089 20 1192 1192 CD 12456 1089 21 - - SYM 12456 1089 22 1194 1194 CD 12456 1089 23 ) ) -RRB- 12456 1089 24 . . . 12456 1090 1 Both both DT 12456 1090 2 are be VBP 12456 1090 3 in in IN 12456 1090 4 French French NNP 12456 1090 5 though though IN 12456 1090 6 a a DT 12456 1090 7 Provençal Provençal NNP 12456 1090 8 verson verson NN 12456 1090 9 is be VBZ 12456 1090 10 extant extant JJ 12456 1090 11 of of IN 12456 1090 12 the the DT 12456 1090 13 latter latter JJ 12456 1090 14 . . . 12456 1091 1 The the DT 12456 1091 2 story story NN 12456 1091 3 of of IN 12456 1091 4 Richard Richard NNP 12456 1091 5 's 's POS 12456 1091 6 discovery discovery NN 12456 1091 7 by by IN 12456 1091 8 Blondel Blondel NNP 12456 1091 9 is be VBZ 12456 1091 10 pure pure JJ 12456 1091 11 fiction fiction NN 12456 1091 12 . . . 12456 1092 1 [ [ -LRB- 12456 1092 2 35 35 CD 12456 1092 3 ] ] -RRB- 12456 1092 4 From from IN 12456 1092 5 the the DT 12456 1092 6 time time NN 12456 1092 7 of of IN 12456 1092 8 Henry Henry NNP 12456 1092 9 II II NNP 12456 1092 10 . . . 12456 1093 1 to to IN 12456 1093 2 that that DT 12456 1093 3 of of IN 12456 1093 4 Edward Edward NNP 12456 1093 5 I. I. NNP 12456 1093 6 England England NNP 12456 1093 7 was be VBD 12456 1093 8 in in IN 12456 1093 9 constant constant JJ 12456 1093 10 [ [ -LRB- 12456 1093 11 135 135 CD 12456 1093 12 ] ] -RRB- 12456 1093 13 communication communication NN 12456 1093 14 with with IN 12456 1093 15 Central central JJ 12456 1093 16 and and CC 12456 1093 17 Southern Southern NNP 12456 1093 18 France France NNP 12456 1093 19 and and CC 12456 1093 20 a a DT 12456 1093 21 considerable considerable JJ 12456 1093 22 number number NN 12456 1093 23 of of IN 12456 1093 24 Provençals Provençals NNPS 12456 1093 25 visited visit VBD 12456 1093 26 England England NNP 12456 1093 27 at at IN 12456 1093 28 different different JJ 12456 1093 29 times time NNS 12456 1093 30 and and CC 12456 1093 31 especially especially RB 12456 1093 32 in in IN 12456 1093 33 the the DT 12456 1093 34 reign reign NN 12456 1093 35 of of IN 12456 1093 36 Henry Henry NNP 12456 1093 37 III III NNP 12456 1093 38 . . . 12456 1094 1 ; ; : 12456 1094 2 Bernard Bernard NNP 12456 1094 3 de de NNP 12456 1094 4 Ventadour Ventadour NNP 12456 1094 5 , , , 12456 1094 6 Marcabrun Marcabrun NNP 12456 1094 7 and and CC 12456 1094 8 Savaric Savaric NNP 12456 1094 9 de de NNP 12456 1094 10 Mauleon Mauleon NNP 12456 1094 11 are be VBP 12456 1094 12 mentioned mention VBN 12456 1094 13 among among IN 12456 1094 14 them -PRON- PRP 12456 1094 15 . . . 12456 1095 1 Though though IN 12456 1095 2 opportunity opportunity NN 12456 1095 3 was be VBD 12456 1095 4 thus thus RB 12456 1095 5 provided provide VBN 12456 1095 6 for for IN 12456 1095 7 the the DT 12456 1095 8 entry entry NN 12456 1095 9 of of IN 12456 1095 10 Provençal Provençal NNP 12456 1095 11 influence influence NN 12456 1095 12 during during IN 12456 1095 13 the the DT 12456 1095 14 period period NN 12456 1095 15 when when WRB 12456 1095 16 a a DT 12456 1095 17 general general JJ 12456 1095 18 stimulus stimulus NN 12456 1095 19 was be VBD 12456 1095 20 given give VBN 12456 1095 21 to to TO 12456 1095 22 lyric lyric NN 12456 1095 23 poetry poetry NN 12456 1095 24 throughout throughout IN 12456 1095 25 Western Western NNP 12456 1095 26 Europe Europe NNP 12456 1095 27 , , , 12456 1095 28 Norman Norman NNP 12456 1095 29 French French NNP 12456 1095 30 was be VBD 12456 1095 31 the the DT 12456 1095 32 literary literary JJ 12456 1095 33 language language NN 12456 1095 34 of of IN 12456 1095 35 England England NNP 12456 1095 36 during during IN 12456 1095 37 the the DT 12456 1095 38 earlier early JJR 12456 1095 39 part part NN 12456 1095 40 of of IN 12456 1095 41 that that DT 12456 1095 42 age age NN 12456 1095 43 and and CC 12456 1095 44 it -PRON- PRP 12456 1095 45 was be VBD 12456 1095 46 not not RB 12456 1095 47 until until IN 12456 1095 48 the the DT 12456 1095 49 second second JJ 12456 1095 50 half half NN 12456 1095 51 of of IN 12456 1095 52 the the DT 12456 1095 53 thirteenth thirteenth JJ 12456 1095 54 century century NN 12456 1095 55 that that WDT 12456 1095 56 English english JJ 12456 1095 57 lyric lyric NN 12456 1095 58 poetry poetry NN 12456 1095 59 appeared appear VBD 12456 1095 60 . . . 12456 1096 1 Nevertheless nevertheless RB 12456 1096 2 , , , 12456 1096 3 traces trace NNS 12456 1096 4 of of IN 12456 1096 5 Provençal Provençal NNP 12456 1096 6 influence influence NN 12456 1096 7 are be VBP 12456 1096 8 unmistakably unmistakably RB 12456 1096 9 apparent apparent JJ 12456 1096 10 in in IN 12456 1096 11 this this DT 12456 1096 12 Middle Middle NNP 12456 1096 13 English english JJ 12456 1096 14 lyric lyric NN 12456 1096 15 poetry poetry NN 12456 1096 16 . . . 12456 1097 1 But but CC 12456 1097 2 even even RB 12456 1097 3 before before IN 12456 1097 4 this this DT 12456 1097 5 time time NN 12456 1097 6 Anglo anglo JJ 12456 1097 7 - - HYPH 12456 1097 8 Latin latin JJ 12456 1097 9 and and CC 12456 1097 10 Anglo anglo JJ 12456 1097 11 - - HYPH 12456 1097 12 Norman norman JJ 12456 1097 13 literature literature NN 12456 1097 14 was be VBD 12456 1097 15 similarly similarly RB 12456 1097 16 affected affect VBN 12456 1097 17 . . . 12456 1098 1 William William NNP 12456 1098 2 of of IN 12456 1098 3 Malmesbury Malmesbury NNP 12456 1098 4 says say VBZ 12456 1098 5 that that IN 12456 1098 6 the the DT 12456 1098 7 Norman Norman NNP 12456 1098 8 Thomas Thomas NNP 12456 1098 9 , , , 12456 1098 10 Archbishop Archbishop NNP 12456 1098 11 of of IN 12456 1098 12 York York NNP 12456 1098 13 , , , 12456 1098 14 the the DT 12456 1098 15 opponent opponent NN 12456 1098 16 of of IN 12456 1098 17 Anselm Anselm NNP 12456 1098 18 wrote write VBD 12456 1098 19 religious religious JJ 12456 1098 20 songs song NNS 12456 1098 21 in in IN 12456 1098 22 imitation imitation NN 12456 1098 23 of of IN 12456 1098 24 those those DT 12456 1098 25 performed perform VBN 12456 1098 26 by by IN 12456 1098 27 jongleurs jongleur NNS 12456 1098 28 ; ; : 12456 1098 29 " " `` 12456 1098 30 si si FW 12456 1098 31 quis quis NNP 12456 1098 32 in in IN 12456 1098 33 auditu auditu NNP 12456 1098 34 ejus ejus NNP 12456 1098 35 arte arte NNP 12456 1098 36 joculatoria joculatoria NNP 12456 1098 37 aliquid aliquid NNP 12456 1098 38 vocale vocale NNP 12456 1098 39 sonaret sonaret NNP 12456 1098 40 , , , 12456 1098 41 statim statim JJ 12456 1098 42 illud illud RB 12456 1098 43 in in IN 12456 1098 44 divinas divinas NNP 12456 1098 45 laudes laudes NNP 12456 1098 46 effigiabat effigiabat NNP 12456 1098 47 . . . 12456 1098 48 " " '' 12456 1099 1 These these DT 12456 1099 2 were be VBD 12456 1099 3 possibly possibly RB 12456 1099 4 hymns hymn NNS 12456 1099 5 to to IN 12456 1099 6 the the DT 12456 1099 7 Virgin Virgin NNP 12456 1099 8 . . . 12456 1100 1 There there EX 12456 1100 2 remain remain VBP 12456 1100 3 also also RB 12456 1100 4 political political JJ 12456 1100 5 poems poem NNS 12456 1100 6 written write VBN 12456 1100 7 against against IN 12456 1100 8 John John NNP 12456 1100 9 and and CC 12456 1100 10 Henry Henry NNP 12456 1100 11 III III NNP 12456 1100 12 . . . 12456 1101 1 which which WDT 12456 1101 2 may may MD 12456 1101 3 be be VB 12456 1101 4 fairly fairly RB 12456 1101 5 called call VBN 12456 1101 6 _ _ NNP 12456 1101 7 sirventes sirvente NNS 12456 1101 8 _ _ NNP 12456 1101 9 , , , 12456 1101 10 Latin latin JJ 12456 1101 11 disputes dispute NNS 12456 1101 12 , , , 12456 1101 13 such such JJ 12456 1101 14 as as IN 12456 1101 15 those those DT 12456 1101 16 Inter Inter NNP 12456 1101 17 Aquam Aquam NNP 12456 1101 18 et et FW 12456 1101 19 Vinum Vinum NNP 12456 1101 20 , , , 12456 1101 21 Inter Inter NNP 12456 1101 22 Cor Cor NNP 12456 1101 23 et et FW 12456 1101 24 Oculum Oculum NNP 12456 1101 25 , , , 12456 1101 26 De De NNP 12456 1101 27 Phillide Phillide NNP 12456 1101 28 et et NNP 12456 1101 29 Flora Flora NNP 12456 1101 30 , , , 12456 1101 31 are be VBP 12456 1101 32 constructed construct VBN 12456 1101 33 upon upon IN 12456 1101 34 the the DT 12456 1101 35 [ [ -LRB- 12456 1101 36 136 136 CD 12456 1101 37 ] ] -RRB- 12456 1101 38 principles principle NNS 12456 1101 39 of of IN 12456 1101 40 the the DT 12456 1101 41 _ _ NNP 12456 1101 42 tenso tenso NN 12456 1101 43 _ _ NNP 12456 1101 44 or or CC 12456 1101 45 _ _ NNP 12456 1101 46 partimen partimen NNP 12456 1101 47 _ _ NNP 12456 1101 48 . . . 12456 1102 1 The the DT 12456 1102 2 use use NN 12456 1102 3 of of IN 12456 1102 4 equivocal equivocal NN 12456 1102 5 and and CC 12456 1102 6 " " `` 12456 1102 7 derivative derivative JJ 12456 1102 8 " " '' 12456 1102 9 rimes rime VBZ 12456 1102 10 as as IN 12456 1102 11 they -PRON- PRP 12456 1102 12 are be VBP 12456 1102 13 called call VBN 12456 1102 14 in in IN 12456 1102 15 the the DT 12456 1102 16 Leys Leys NNP 12456 1102 17 d'Amors d'Amors NNPS 12456 1102 18 is be VBZ 12456 1102 19 seen see VBN 12456 1102 20 in in IN 12456 1102 21 the the DT 12456 1102 22 following follow VBG 12456 1102 23 Anglo anglo JJ 12456 1102 24 - - HYPH 12456 1102 25 Norman norman JJ 12456 1102 26 stanzas stanza NNS 12456 1102 27 . . . 12456 1103 1 A a DT 12456 1103 2 poem poem NN 12456 1103 3 with with IN 12456 1103 4 similar similar JJ 12456 1103 5 rimes rime NNS 12456 1103 6 and and CC 12456 1103 7 grouped group VBD 12456 1103 8 in in IN 12456 1103 9 the the DT 12456 1103 10 same same JJ 12456 1103 11 order order NN 12456 1103 12 is be VBZ 12456 1103 13 attributed attribute VBN 12456 1103 14 to to IN 12456 1103 15 the the DT 12456 1103 16 Countess Countess NNP 12456 1103 17 of of IN 12456 1103 18 Die Die NNP 12456 1103 19 , , , 12456 1103 20 the the DT 12456 1103 21 Provençal Provençal NNP 12456 1103 22 _ _ NNP 12456 1103 23 trobairitz trobairitz NNP 12456 1103 24 _ _ XX 12456 1103 25 ; ; : 12456 1103 26 but but CC 12456 1103 27 this this DT 12456 1103 28 , , , 12456 1103 29 as as IN 12456 1103 30 M. M. NNP 12456 1103 31 Paul Paul NNP 12456 1103 32 Meyer Meyer NNP 12456 1103 33 points point VBZ 12456 1103 34 out out RP 12456 1103 35 , , , 12456 1103 36 may may MD 12456 1103 37 be be VB 12456 1103 38 pure pure JJ 12456 1103 39 coincidence coincidence NN 12456 1103 40 . . . 12456 1104 1 [ [ -LRB- 12456 1104 2 36 36 CD 12456 1104 3 ] ] -RRB- 12456 1104 4 En En NNP 12456 1104 5 lo lo NNP 12456 1104 6 sesoun sesoun NNP 12456 1104 7 qe qe NNP 12456 1104 8 l'erbe l'erbe NNP 12456 1104 9 poynt poynt NNP 12456 1104 10 E E NNP 12456 1104 11 reverdist reverdist NN 12456 1104 12 la la NNP 12456 1104 13 matinée matinée NNS 12456 1104 14 E E NNP 12456 1104 15 sil sil NNP 12456 1104 16 oysel oysel NN 12456 1104 17 chauntent chauntent VB 12456 1104 18 a a DT 12456 1104 19 poynt poynt NN 12456 1104 20 En En NNP 12456 1104 21 temps temp NNS 12456 1104 22 d'avril d'avril NNP 12456 1104 23 en en NNP 12456 1104 24 la la NNP 12456 1104 25 ramée ramée NNP 12456 1104 26 , , , 12456 1104 27 Lores Lores NNP 12456 1104 28 est est VBD 12456 1104 29 ma ma NNP 12456 1104 30 dolur dolur NNP 12456 1104 31 dublée dublée NNP 12456 1104 32 Que Que NNP 12456 1104 33 jeo jeo NNP 12456 1104 34 sui sui NNP 12456 1104 35 en en FW 12456 1104 36 si si NN 12456 1104 37 dure dure NN 12456 1104 38 poynt poynt NNP 12456 1104 39 Que Que NNP 12456 1104 40 jeo jeo NNP 12456 1104 41 n'en n'en NNP 12456 1104 42 ai ai NNP 12456 1104 43 de de NNP 12456 1104 44 joie joie NNP 12456 1104 45 poynt poynt NNP 12456 1104 46 , , , 12456 1104 47 Tant Tant NNP 12456 1104 48 me -PRON- PRP 12456 1104 49 greve greve VBP 12456 1104 50 la la NNP 12456 1104 51 destinée destinée NNP 12456 1104 52 . . . 12456 1105 1 Murnes Murnes NNP 12456 1105 2 et et NNP 12456 1105 3 pensif pensif NNP 12456 1105 4 m'en m'en NN 12456 1105 5 depart depart NN 12456 1105 6 , , , 12456 1105 7 Que Que NNP 12456 1105 8 trop trop FW 12456 1105 9 me -PRON- PRP 12456 1105 10 greve greve VBP 12456 1105 11 la la NNP 12456 1105 12 partie partie NNP 12456 1105 13 ; ; : 12456 1105 14 Si Si NNP 12456 1105 15 n'en n'en NNP 12456 1105 16 puis puis NNP 12456 1105 17 aler aler NNP 12456 1105 18 cele cele NNP 12456 1105 19 part part NN 12456 1105 20 , , , 12456 1105 21 Que Que NNP 12456 1105 22 ele ele VBD 12456 1105 23 n'eyt n'eyt NNP 12456 1105 24 a a DT 12456 1105 25 sa sa NNP 12456 1105 26 partie partie JJ 12456 1105 27 Mon Mon NNP 12456 1105 28 quor quor NN 12456 1105 29 tot tot NN 12456 1105 30 enter enter VBP 12456 1105 31 saunz saunz VBN 12456 1105 32 partie partie NN 12456 1105 33 . . . 12456 1106 1 E E NNP 12456 1106 2 puis puis NNP 12456 1106 3 qu'el qu'el VBZ 12456 1106 4 ad ad NN 12456 1106 5 le le FW 12456 1106 6 men man NNS 12456 1106 7 saunz saunz VBD 12456 1106 8 part part NN 12456 1106 9 , , , 12456 1106 10 E E NNP 12456 1106 11 jeo jeo NNP 12456 1106 12 n'oy n'oy NNP 12456 1106 13 unkes unke VBZ 12456 1106 14 del del NNP 12456 1106 15 soen soen JJ 12456 1106 16 part part NN 12456 1106 17 A A NNP 12456 1106 18 moi moi NN 12456 1106 19 est est NNP 12456 1106 20 dure dure NN 12456 1106 21 la la FW 12456 1106 22 partie partie FW 12456 1106 23 . . . 12456 1107 1 " " `` 12456 1107 2 In in IN 12456 1107 3 the the DT 12456 1107 4 season season NN 12456 1107 5 when when WRB 12456 1107 6 the the DT 12456 1107 7 grass grass NN 12456 1107 8 springs spring NNS 12456 1107 9 and and CC 12456 1107 10 the the DT 12456 1107 11 morn morn NN 12456 1107 12 is be VBZ 12456 1107 13 green green JJ 12456 1107 14 and and CC 12456 1107 15 the the DT 12456 1107 16 birds bird NNS 12456 1107 17 sing sing VBP 12456 1107 18 exultantly exultantly RB 12456 1107 19 in in IN 12456 1107 20 April April NNP 12456 1107 21 time time NN 12456 1107 22 in in IN 12456 1107 23 the the DT 12456 1107 24 branches branch NNS 12456 1107 25 , , , 12456 1107 26 then then RB 12456 1107 27 is be VBZ 12456 1107 28 my -PRON- PRP$ 12456 1107 29 grief grief NN 12456 1107 30 doubled double VBD 12456 1107 31 , , , 12456 1107 32 for for IN 12456 1107 33 I -PRON- PRP 12456 1107 34 am be VBP 12456 1107 35 in in IN 12456 1107 36 so so RB 12456 1107 37 hard hard RB 12456 1107 38 a a DT 12456 1107 39 case case NN 12456 1107 40 that that WDT 12456 1107 41 I -PRON- PRP 12456 1107 42 have have VBP 12456 1107 43 no no DT 12456 1107 44 joy joy NN 12456 1107 45 at at RB 12456 1107 46 all all RB 12456 1107 47 , , , 12456 1107 48 so so RB 12456 1107 49 heavy heavy JJ 12456 1107 50 is be VBZ 12456 1107 51 my -PRON- PRP$ 12456 1107 52 fate fate NN 12456 1107 53 upon upon IN 12456 1107 54 me -PRON- PRP 12456 1107 55 . . . 12456 1108 1 " " `` 12456 1108 2 Sad sad JJ 12456 1108 3 and and CC 12456 1108 4 thoughtful thoughtful JJ 12456 1108 5 I -PRON- PRP 12456 1108 6 depart depart VBP 12456 1108 7 , , , 12456 1108 8 for for IN 12456 1108 9 the the DT 12456 1108 10 case case NN 12456 1108 11 is be VBZ 12456 1108 12 too too RB 12456 1108 13 grievous grievous JJ 12456 1108 14 for for IN 12456 1108 15 me -PRON- PRP 12456 1108 16 : : : 12456 1108 17 yet yet CC 12456 1108 18 [ [ -LRB- 12456 1108 19 137 137 CD 12456 1108 20 ] ] -RRB- 12456 1108 21 I -PRON- PRP 12456 1108 22 can can MD 12456 1108 23 not not RB 12456 1108 24 go go VB 12456 1108 25 thither thither JJ 12456 1108 26 , , , 12456 1108 27 for for IN 12456 1108 28 she -PRON- PRP 12456 1108 29 has have VBZ 12456 1108 30 in in IN 12456 1108 31 her -PRON- PRP$ 12456 1108 32 power power NN 12456 1108 33 my -PRON- PRP$ 12456 1108 34 heart heart NN 12456 1108 35 whole whole JJ 12456 1108 36 and and CC 12456 1108 37 undivided undivided JJ 12456 1108 38 . . . 12456 1109 1 And and CC 12456 1109 2 since since IN 12456 1109 3 she -PRON- PRP 12456 1109 4 has have VBZ 12456 1109 5 mine mine RB 12456 1109 6 undivided undivided JJ 12456 1109 7 and and CC 12456 1109 8 I -PRON- PRP 12456 1109 9 never never RB 12456 1109 10 have have VBP 12456 1109 11 any any DT 12456 1109 12 part part NN 12456 1109 13 of of IN 12456 1109 14 hers her NNS 12456 1109 15 , , , 12456 1109 16 the the DT 12456 1109 17 division division NN 12456 1109 18 is be VBZ 12456 1109 19 a a DT 12456 1109 20 hard hard JJ 12456 1109 21 one one CD 12456 1109 22 to to IN 12456 1109 23 me -PRON- PRP 12456 1109 24 . . . 12456 1109 25 " " '' 12456 1110 1 This this DT 12456 1110 2 influence influence NN 12456 1110 3 was be VBD 12456 1110 4 continued continue VBN 12456 1110 5 in in IN 12456 1110 6 Middle middle JJ 12456 1110 7 English english JJ 12456 1110 8 lyric lyric NN 12456 1110 9 poetry poetry NN 12456 1110 10 . . . 12456 1111 1 These these DT 12456 1111 2 lyrics lyric NNS 12456 1111 3 are be VBP 12456 1111 4 often often RB 12456 1111 5 lacking lack VBG 12456 1111 6 in in IN 12456 1111 7 polish polish NN 12456 1111 8 ; ; : 12456 1111 9 the the DT 12456 1111 10 tendency tendency NN 12456 1111 11 to to TO 12456 1111 12 use use VB 12456 1111 13 alliteration alliteration NN 12456 1111 14 as as IN 12456 1111 15 an an DT 12456 1111 16 ornament ornament NN 12456 1111 17 has have VBZ 12456 1111 18 nothing nothing NN 12456 1111 19 to to TO 12456 1111 20 do do VB 12456 1111 21 with with IN 12456 1111 22 such such JJ 12456 1111 23 occasional occasional JJ 12456 1111 24 troubadour troubadour JJ 12456 1111 25 examples example NNS 12456 1111 26 of of IN 12456 1111 27 the the DT 12456 1111 28 trick trick NN 12456 1111 29 as as IN 12456 1111 30 may may MD 12456 1111 31 be be VB 12456 1111 32 found find VBN 12456 1111 33 in in IN 12456 1111 34 Peire Peire NNP 12456 1111 35 d'Auvergne d'Auvergne NNP 12456 1111 36 . . . 12456 1112 1 Sometimes sometimes RB 12456 1112 2 a a DT 12456 1112 3 refrain refrain NN 12456 1112 4 of of IN 12456 1112 5 distinctly distinctly RB 12456 1112 6 popular popular JJ 12456 1112 7 origin origin NN 12456 1112 8 is be VBZ 12456 1112 9 added add VBN 12456 1112 10 to to IN 12456 1112 11 a a DT 12456 1112 12 stanza stanza NN 12456 1112 13 of of IN 12456 1112 14 courtly courtly RB 12456 1112 15 and and CC 12456 1112 16 artificial artificial JJ 12456 1112 17 character character NN 12456 1112 18 . . . 12456 1113 1 Generally generally RB 12456 1113 2 , , , 12456 1113 3 however however RB 12456 1113 4 , , , 12456 1113 5 there there EX 12456 1113 6 is be VBZ 12456 1113 7 a a DT 12456 1113 8 freshness freshness NN 12456 1113 9 and and CC 12456 1113 10 vigour vigour NN 12456 1113 11 in in IN 12456 1113 12 these these DT 12456 1113 13 poems poem NNS 12456 1113 14 which which WDT 12456 1113 15 may may MD 12456 1113 16 be be VB 12456 1113 17 vainly vainly RB 12456 1113 18 sought seek VBN 12456 1113 19 in in IN 12456 1113 20 the the DT 12456 1113 21 products product NNS 12456 1113 22 of of IN 12456 1113 23 continental continental JJ 12456 1113 24 decadence decadence NN 12456 1113 25 . . . 12456 1114 1 But but CC 12456 1114 2 Provençal Provençal NNP 12456 1114 3 influence influence NN 12456 1114 4 , , , 12456 1114 5 whether whether IN 12456 1114 6 exerted exert VBD 12456 1114 7 directly directly RB 12456 1114 8 or or CC 12456 1114 9 indirectly indirectly RB 12456 1114 10 through through IN 12456 1114 11 the the DT 12456 1114 12 Northern Northern NNP 12456 1114 13 French french JJ 12456 1114 14 lyric lyric NN 12456 1114 15 school school NN 12456 1114 16 , , , 12456 1114 17 is be VBZ 12456 1114 18 plainly plainly RB 12456 1114 19 visible visible JJ 12456 1114 20 in in IN 12456 1114 21 many many JJ 12456 1114 22 cases case NNS 12456 1114 23 . . . 12456 1115 1 Of of IN 12456 1115 2 the the DT 12456 1115 3 lyrics lyric NNS 12456 1115 4 found find VBN 12456 1115 5 in in IN 12456 1115 6 the the DT 12456 1115 7 important important JJ 12456 1115 8 MS MS NNP 12456 1115 9 . . . 12456 1115 10 Harleian Harleian NNP 12456 1115 11 2253,[37 2253,[37 CD 12456 1115 12 ] ] -RRB- 12456 1115 13 " " `` 12456 1115 14 Alysoun Alysoun NNP 12456 1115 15 " " '' 12456 1115 16 has have VBZ 12456 1115 17 the the DT 12456 1115 18 same same JJ 12456 1115 19 rime rime NN 12456 1115 20 scheme scheme NN 12456 1115 21 as as IN 12456 1115 22 a a DT 12456 1115 23 poem poem NN 12456 1115 24 by by IN 12456 1115 25 Gaucelm Gaucelm NNP 12456 1115 26 Faidit Faidit NNP 12456 1115 27 : : : 12456 1115 28 it -PRON- PRP 12456 1115 29 opens open VBZ 12456 1115 30 with with IN 12456 1115 31 the the DT 12456 1115 32 conventional conventional JJ 12456 1115 33 appeal appeal NN 12456 1115 34 to to IN 12456 1115 35 spring spring NN 12456 1115 36 ; ; : 12456 1115 37 the the DT 12456 1115 38 poet poet NN 12456 1115 39 's 's POS 12456 1115 40 feelings feeling NNS 12456 1115 41 deprive deprive VBP 12456 1115 42 him -PRON- PRP 12456 1115 43 of of IN 12456 1115 44 sleep sleep NN 12456 1115 45 . . . 12456 1116 1 The the DT 12456 1116 2 Fair Fair NNP 12456 1116 3 Maid Maid NNP 12456 1116 4 of of IN 12456 1116 5 Ribbesdale Ribbesdale NNP 12456 1116 6 has have VBZ 12456 1116 7 a a DT 12456 1116 8 rime rime NN 12456 1116 9 - - HYPH 12456 1116 10 scheme scheme NN 12456 1116 11 almost almost RB 12456 1116 12 identical identical JJ 12456 1116 13 with with IN 12456 1116 14 that that DT 12456 1116 15 shown show VBN 12456 1116 16 by by IN 12456 1116 17 one one CD 12456 1116 18 of of IN 12456 1116 19 Raimbaut Raimbaut NNP 12456 1116 20 d'Aurenga d'Aurenga NNP 12456 1116 21 's 's POS 12456 1116 22 poems poem NNS 12456 1116 23 ; ; : 12456 1116 24 the the DT 12456 1116 25 description description NN 12456 1116 26 of of IN 12456 1116 27 the the DT 12456 1116 28 lady lady NN 12456 1116 29 's 's POS 12456 1116 30 beauty beauty NN 12456 1116 31 recalls recall VBZ 12456 1116 32 many many JJ 12456 1116 33 troubadour troubadour JJ 12456 1116 34 formulae formula NNS 12456 1116 35 : : : 12456 1116 36 the the DT 12456 1116 37 concluding conclude VBG 12456 1116 38 lines-- lines-- NNP 12456 1116 39 He He NNP 12456 1116 40 myhte myhte VBZ 12456 1116 41 sayen sayen NNP 12456 1116 42 pat pat NNP 12456 1116 43 crist crist NN 12456 1116 44 hym hym NNP 12456 1116 45 seze seze NNP 12456 1116 46 , , , 12456 1116 47 [ [ -LRB- 12456 1116 48 138 138 CD 12456 1116 49 ] ] -RRB- 12456 1116 50 pat pat NNP 12456 1116 51 myhte myhte NNP 12456 1116 52 nyhtes nyhtes NNPS 12456 1116 53 neh neh NNP 12456 1116 54 hyre hyre NNP 12456 1116 55 leze leze NNP 12456 1116 56 , , , 12456 1116 57 heuene heuene NN 12456 1116 58 he -PRON- PRP 12456 1116 59 hevede hevede NNP 12456 1116 60 here here RB 12456 1116 61 . . . 12456 1117 1 are be VBP 12456 1117 2 a a DT 12456 1117 3 troubadour troubadour JJ 12456 1117 4 commonplace commonplace NN 12456 1117 5 . . . 12456 1118 1 Many many JJ 12456 1118 2 other other JJ 12456 1118 3 cases case NNS 12456 1118 4 might may MD 12456 1118 5 be be VB 12456 1118 6 quoted quote VBN 12456 1118 7 . . . 12456 1119 1 Hymns hymn NNS 12456 1119 2 and and CC 12456 1119 3 songs song NNS 12456 1119 4 to to IN 12456 1119 5 the the DT 12456 1119 6 Virgin Virgin NNP 12456 1119 7 exhibit exhibit VB 12456 1119 8 the the DT 12456 1119 9 same same JJ 12456 1119 10 characteristics characteristic NNS 12456 1119 11 of of IN 12456 1119 12 form form NN 12456 1119 13 . . . 12456 1120 1 The the DT 12456 1120 2 few few JJ 12456 1120 3 Provençal Provençal NNP 12456 1120 4 words word NNS 12456 1120 5 which which WDT 12456 1120 6 became become VBD 12456 1120 7 English English NNP 12456 1120 8 are be VBP 12456 1120 9 interesting;[38 interesting;[38 NNP 12456 1120 10 ] ] -RRB- 12456 1120 11 colander colander NN 12456 1120 12 or or CC 12456 1120 13 cullender cullender NN 12456 1120 14 ( ( -LRB- 12456 1120 15 now now RB 12456 1120 16 a a DT 12456 1120 17 vegetable vegetable NN 12456 1120 18 strainer strainer NN 12456 1120 19 ; ; : 12456 1120 20 Prov Prov NNP 12456 1120 21 . . . 12456 1121 1 colador colador NNP 12456 1121 2 ) ) -RRB- 12456 1121 3 , , , 12456 1121 4 funnel funnel NN 12456 1121 5 , , , 12456 1121 6 puncheon puncheon NN 12456 1121 7 , , , 12456 1121 8 rack rack NN 12456 1121 9 , , , 12456 1121 10 spigot spigot NNP 12456 1121 11 , , , 12456 1121 12 league league NNP 12456 1121 13 , , , 12456 1121 14 noose noose NNP 12456 1121 15 are be VBP 12456 1121 16 directly directly RB 12456 1121 17 derived derive VBN 12456 1121 18 from from IN 12456 1121 19 Provençal Provençal NNP 12456 1121 20 and and CC 12456 1121 21 not not RB 12456 1121 22 through through IN 12456 1121 23 Northern Northern NNP 12456 1121 24 French French NNP 12456 1121 25 and and CC 12456 1121 26 are be VBP 12456 1121 27 words word NNS 12456 1121 28 connected connect VBN 12456 1121 29 with with IN 12456 1121 30 shipping shipping NN 12456 1121 31 and and CC 12456 1121 32 the the DT 12456 1121 33 wine wine NN 12456 1121 34 trade trade NN 12456 1121 35 , , , 12456 1121 36 the the DT 12456 1121 37 port port NN 12456 1121 38 for for IN 12456 1121 39 which which WDT 12456 1121 40 was be VBD 12456 1121 41 Bordeaux Bordeaux NNP 12456 1121 42 . . . 12456 1122 1 In in IN 12456 1122 2 the the DT 12456 1122 3 year year NN 12456 1122 4 1323 1323 CD 12456 1122 5 a a DT 12456 1122 6 society society NN 12456 1122 7 was be VBD 12456 1122 8 formed form VBN 12456 1122 9 in in IN 12456 1122 10 Toulouse Toulouse NNP 12456 1122 11 of of IN 12456 1122 12 seven seven CD 12456 1122 13 troubadours troubadour NNS 12456 1122 14 , , , 12456 1122 15 the the DT 12456 1122 16 " " `` 12456 1122 17 sobregaya sobregaya NN 12456 1122 18 companhia companhia NNP 12456 1122 19 , , , 12456 1122 20 " " '' 12456 1122 21 for for IN 12456 1122 22 the the DT 12456 1122 23 purpose purpose NN 12456 1122 24 of of IN 12456 1122 25 preserving preserve VBG 12456 1122 26 and and CC 12456 1122 27 encouraging encourage VBG 12456 1122 28 lyric lyric NN 12456 1122 29 poetry poetry NN 12456 1122 30 ( ( -LRB- 12456 1122 31 lo lo NNP 12456 1122 32 gay gay NNP 12456 1122 33 saber saber NNP 12456 1122 34 ) ) -RRB- 12456 1122 35 . . . 12456 1123 1 The the DT 12456 1123 2 middle middle JJ 12456 1123 3 class class NN 12456 1123 4 of of IN 12456 1123 5 Toulouse Toulouse NNP 12456 1123 6 seems seem VBZ 12456 1123 7 at at IN 12456 1123 8 all all DT 12456 1123 9 times time NNS 12456 1123 10 to to TO 12456 1123 11 have have VB 12456 1123 12 felt feel VBN 12456 1123 13 an an DT 12456 1123 14 interest interest NN 12456 1123 15 in in IN 12456 1123 16 poetry poetry NN 12456 1123 17 and and CC 12456 1123 18 had have VBD 12456 1123 19 already already RB 12456 1123 20 produced produce VBN 12456 1123 21 such such JJ 12456 1123 22 well well RB 12456 1123 23 - - HYPH 12456 1123 24 known know VBN 12456 1123 25 troubadours troubadour NNS 12456 1123 26 as as IN 12456 1123 27 Aimeric Aimeric NNP 12456 1123 28 de de NNP 12456 1123 29 Pegulhan Pegulhan NNP 12456 1123 30 , , , 12456 1123 31 Peire Peire NNP 12456 1123 32 Vidal Vidal NNP 12456 1123 33 and and CC 12456 1123 34 Guillem Guillem NNP 12456 1123 35 Figueira Figueira NNP 12456 1123 36 . . . 12456 1124 1 The the DT 12456 1124 2 society society NN 12456 1124 3 offered offer VBD 12456 1124 4 an an DT 12456 1124 5 annual annual JJ 12456 1124 6 prize prize NN 12456 1124 7 of of IN 12456 1124 8 a a DT 12456 1124 9 golden golden JJ 12456 1124 10 violet violet NN 12456 1124 11 for for IN 12456 1124 12 the the DT 12456 1124 13 best good JJS 12456 1124 14 _ _ NNP 12456 1124 15 chanso chanso NN 12456 1124 16 _ _ NNP 12456 1124 17 ; ; : 12456 1124 18 other other JJ 12456 1124 19 prizes prize NNS 12456 1124 20 were be VBD 12456 1124 21 added add VBN 12456 1124 22 at at IN 12456 1124 23 a a DT 12456 1124 24 later later JJ 12456 1124 25 date date NN 12456 1124 26 for for IN 12456 1124 27 the the DT 12456 1124 28 best good JJS 12456 1124 29 dance dance NN 12456 1124 30 song song NN 12456 1124 31 and and CC 12456 1124 32 the the DT 12456 1124 33 best good JJS 12456 1124 34 _ _ NNP 12456 1124 35 sirventes sirvente NNS 12456 1124 36 _ _ NNP 12456 1124 37 . . . 12456 1125 1 Competitors competitor NNS 12456 1125 2 found find VBD 12456 1125 3 that that IN 12456 1125 4 songs song NNS 12456 1125 5 to to IN 12456 1125 6 the the DT 12456 1125 7 Virgin Virgin NNP 12456 1125 8 were be VBD 12456 1125 9 given give VBN 12456 1125 10 the the DT 12456 1125 11 preference preference NN 12456 1125 12 and and CC 12456 1125 13 she -PRON- PRP 12456 1125 14 eventually eventually RB 12456 1125 15 became become VBD 12456 1125 16 the the DT 12456 1125 17 one one CD 12456 1125 18 subject subject NN 12456 1125 19 of of IN 12456 1125 20 these these DT 12456 1125 21 prize prize NN 12456 1125 22 competitions competition NNS 12456 1125 23 . . . 12456 1126 1 The the DT 12456 1126 2 society society NN 12456 1126 3 produced produce VBD 12456 1126 4 a a DT 12456 1126 5 grammatical grammatical JJ 12456 1126 6 [ [ -LRB- 12456 1126 7 139 139 CD 12456 1126 8 ] ] -RRB- 12456 1126 9 work work NN 12456 1126 10 , , , 12456 1126 11 the the DT 12456 1126 12 Leys Leys NNP 12456 1126 13 d'Amors d'Amors NNPS 12456 1126 14 , , , 12456 1126 15 under under IN 12456 1126 16 the the DT 12456 1126 17 name name NN 12456 1126 18 of of IN 12456 1126 19 its -PRON- PRP$ 12456 1126 20 president president NN 12456 1126 21 , , , 12456 1126 22 Guillem Guillem NNP 12456 1126 23 Molinier Molinier NNP 12456 1126 24 , , , 12456 1126 25 in in IN 12456 1126 26 1356,[39 1356,[39 CD 12456 1126 27 ] ] -RRB- 12456 1126 28 no no RB 12456 1126 29 doubt doubt NN 12456 1126 30 for for IN 12456 1126 31 the the DT 12456 1126 32 reference reference NN 12456 1126 33 and and CC 12456 1126 34 instruction instruction NN 12456 1126 35 of of IN 12456 1126 36 intending intend VBG 12456 1126 37 competitors competitor NNS 12456 1126 38 . . . 12456 1127 1 The the DT 12456 1127 2 competition competition NN 12456 1127 3 produced produce VBD 12456 1127 4 a a DT 12456 1127 5 few few JJ 12456 1127 6 admirable admirable JJ 12456 1127 7 poems poem NNS 12456 1127 8 , , , 12456 1127 9 but but CC 12456 1127 10 anxiety anxiety NN 12456 1127 11 to to TO 12456 1127 12 preserve preserve VB 12456 1127 13 the the DT 12456 1127 14 old old JJ 12456 1127 15 troubadour troubadour JJ 12456 1127 16 style style NN 12456 1127 17 resulted result VBD 12456 1127 18 generally generally RB 12456 1127 19 in in IN 12456 1127 20 dry dry JJ 12456 1127 21 and and CC 12456 1127 22 stilted stilted JJ 12456 1127 23 compositions composition NNS 12456 1127 24 . . . 12456 1128 1 The the DT 12456 1128 2 _ _ NNP 12456 1128 3 Academie Academie NNP 12456 1128 4 des des NNP 12456 1128 5 jeux jeux NNP 12456 1128 6 floraux_[40 floraux_[40 NN 12456 1128 7 ] ] -RRB- 12456 1128 8 altered alter VBD 12456 1128 9 the the DT 12456 1128 10 character character NN 12456 1128 11 of of IN 12456 1128 12 the the DT 12456 1128 13 competition competition NN 12456 1128 14 by by IN 12456 1128 15 admitting admit VBG 12456 1128 16 French french JJ 12456 1128 17 poems poem NNS 12456 1128 18 after after IN 12456 1128 19 1694 1694 CD 12456 1128 20 . . . 12456 1129 1 At at IN 12456 1129 2 the the DT 12456 1129 3 end end NN 12456 1129 4 of of IN 12456 1129 5 the the DT 12456 1129 6 sixteenth sixteenth JJ 12456 1129 7 century century NN 12456 1129 8 , , , 12456 1129 9 Provençal Provençal NNP 12456 1129 10 poetry poetry NN 12456 1129 11 underwent undergo VBD 12456 1129 12 a a DT 12456 1129 13 revival revival NN 12456 1129 14 ; ; : 12456 1129 15 in in IN 12456 1129 16 our -PRON- PRP$ 12456 1129 17 own own JJ 12456 1129 18 time time NN 12456 1129 19 , , , 12456 1129 20 poets poet NNS 12456 1129 21 such such JJ 12456 1129 22 as as IN 12456 1129 23 Jasmin Jasmin NNP 12456 1129 24 , , , 12456 1129 25 Aubanel Aubanel NNP 12456 1129 26 , , , 12456 1129 27 Roumanille Roumanille NNP 12456 1129 28 and and CC 12456 1129 29 above above IN 12456 1129 30 all all DT 12456 1129 31 , , , 12456 1129 32 Mistral Mistral NNP 12456 1129 33 , , , 12456 1129 34 have have VBP 12456 1129 35 raised raise VBN 12456 1129 36 their -PRON- PRP$ 12456 1129 37 language language NN 12456 1129 38 from from IN 12456 1129 39 a a DT 12456 1129 40 patois patois NN 12456 1129 41 to to IN 12456 1129 42 a a DT 12456 1129 43 literary literary JJ 12456 1129 44 power power NN 12456 1129 45 . . . 12456 1130 1 The the DT 12456 1130 2 work work NN 12456 1130 3 of of IN 12456 1130 4 the the DT 12456 1130 5 félibres félibre NNS 12456 1130 6 has have VBZ 12456 1130 7 been be VBN 12456 1130 8 to to TO 12456 1130 9 synthetise synthetise VB 12456 1130 10 the the DT 12456 1130 11 best good JJS 12456 1130 12 elements element NNS 12456 1130 13 of of IN 12456 1130 14 the the DT 12456 1130 15 various various JJ 12456 1130 16 local local JJ 12456 1130 17 dialects dialect NNS 12456 1130 18 and and CC 12456 1130 19 to to TO 12456 1130 20 create create VB 12456 1130 21 a a DT 12456 1130 22 literary literary JJ 12456 1130 23 language language NN 12456 1130 24 by by IN 12456 1130 25 a a DT 12456 1130 26 process process NN 12456 1130 27 not not RB 12456 1130 28 wholly wholly RB 12456 1130 29 dissimilar dissimilar JJ 12456 1130 30 to to IN 12456 1130 31 that that DT 12456 1130 32 described describe VBN 12456 1130 33 at at IN 12456 1130 34 the the DT 12456 1130 35 outset outset NN 12456 1130 36 of of IN 12456 1130 37 this this DT 12456 1130 38 book book NN 12456 1130 39 . . . 12456 1131 1 But but CC 12456 1131 2 the the DT 12456 1131 3 old old JJ 12456 1131 4 troubadour troubadour NN 12456 1131 5 spirit spirit NN 12456 1131 6 had have VBD 12456 1131 7 died die VBN 12456 1131 8 long long RB 12456 1131 9 before before RB 12456 1131 10 ; ; : 12456 1131 11 it -PRON- PRP 12456 1131 12 had have VBD 12456 1131 13 accomplished accomplish VBN 12456 1131 14 its -PRON- PRP$ 12456 1131 15 share share NN 12456 1131 16 in in IN 12456 1131 17 the the DT 12456 1131 18 history history NN 12456 1131 19 of of IN 12456 1131 20 European european JJ 12456 1131 21 literature literature NN 12456 1131 22 and and CC 12456 1131 23 had have VBD 12456 1131 24 given give VBN 12456 1131 25 an an DT 12456 1131 26 impulse impulse NN 12456 1131 27 to to IN 12456 1131 28 the the DT 12456 1131 29 development development NN 12456 1131 30 of of IN 12456 1131 31 lyric lyric NN 12456 1131 32 poetry poetry NN 12456 1131 33 , , , 12456 1131 34 the the DT 12456 1131 35 effects effect NNS 12456 1131 36 of of IN 12456 1131 37 which which WDT 12456 1131 38 are be VBP 12456 1131 39 perceptible perceptible JJ 12456 1131 40 even even RB 12456 1131 41 at at IN 12456 1131 42 the the DT 12456 1131 43 present present JJ 12456 1131 44 day day NN 12456 1131 45 . . . 12456 1132 1 BIBLIOGRAPHY BIBLIOGRAPHY NNP 12456 1132 2 AND and CC 12456 1132 3 NOTES NOTES NNP 12456 1132 4 LITERARY LITERARY NNP 12456 1132 5 HISTORY HISTORY NNP 12456 1132 6 F. F. NNP 12456 1132 7 Diez Diez NNP 12456 1132 8 , , , 12456 1132 9 _ _ NNP 12456 1132 10 Leben Leben NNP 12456 1132 11 und und VBD 12456 1132 12 Werke Werke NNP 12456 1132 13 der der NN 12456 1132 14 Troubadours Troubadours NNP 12456 1132 15 _ _ NNP 12456 1132 16 , , , 12456 1132 17 2nd 2nd JJ 12456 1132 18 edit edit NN 12456 1132 19 . . . 12456 1132 20 , , , 12456 1132 21 re re RB 12456 1132 22 - - VBN 12456 1132 23 edited edit VBN 12456 1132 24 by by IN 12456 1132 25 K. K. NNP 12456 1132 26 Bartsch Bartsch NNP 12456 1132 27 , , , 12456 1132 28 Leipsic Leipsic NNP 12456 1132 29 , , , 12456 1132 30 1882 1882 CD 12456 1132 31 . . . 12456 1133 1 _ _ NNP 12456 1133 2 Die Die NNP 12456 1133 3 Poesie Poesie NNP 12456 1133 4 der der NN 12456 1133 5 Troubadours Troubadours NNP 12456 1133 6 _ _ NNP 12456 1133 7 , , , 12456 1133 8 2nd 2nd JJ 12456 1133 9 edit edit NN 12456 1133 10 . . . 12456 1133 11 , , , 12456 1133 12 re re RB 12456 1133 13 - - VBN 12456 1133 14 edited edit VBN 12456 1133 15 by by IN 12456 1133 16 K. K. NNP 12456 1133 17 Bartsch Bartsch NNP 12456 1133 18 , , , 12456 1133 19 Leipsic Leipsic NNP 12456 1133 20 , , , 12456 1133 21 1883 1883 CD 12456 1133 22 . . . 12456 1134 1 K. K. NNP 12456 1134 2 Bartsch Bartsch NNP 12456 1134 3 , , , 12456 1134 4 _ _ NNP 12456 1134 5 Grundriss Grundriss NNP 12456 1134 6 zur zur NNP 12456 1134 7 Geschichte Geschichte NNP 12456 1134 8 der der VBD 12456 1134 9 provenzalischen provenzalischen NNP 12456 1134 10 Literatur Literatur NNP 12456 1134 11 _ _ NNP 12456 1134 12 , , , 12456 1134 13 Elberfeld Elberfeld NNP 12456 1134 14 , , , 12456 1134 15 1872 1872 CD 12456 1134 16 . . . 12456 1135 1 A a DT 12456 1135 2 new new JJ 12456 1135 3 edition edition NN 12456 1135 4 of of IN 12456 1135 5 this this DT 12456 1135 6 indispensable indispensable JJ 12456 1135 7 work work NN 12456 1135 8 is be VBZ 12456 1135 9 in in IN 12456 1135 10 preparation preparation NN 12456 1135 11 by by IN 12456 1135 12 Prof. Prof. NNP 12456 1135 13 A. A. NNP 12456 1135 14 Pillet Pillet NNP 12456 1135 15 of of IN 12456 1135 16 Breslau Breslau NNP 12456 1135 17 . . . 12456 1136 1 The the DT 12456 1136 2 first first JJ 12456 1136 3 part part NN 12456 1136 4 of of IN 12456 1136 5 the the DT 12456 1136 6 book book NN 12456 1136 7 contains contain VBZ 12456 1136 8 a a DT 12456 1136 9 sketch sketch NN 12456 1136 10 of of IN 12456 1136 11 Provençal Provençal NNP 12456 1136 12 literature literature NN 12456 1136 13 , , , 12456 1136 14 and and CC 12456 1136 15 a a DT 12456 1136 16 list list NN 12456 1136 17 of of IN 12456 1136 18 manuscripts manuscript NNS 12456 1136 19 . . . 12456 1137 1 The the DT 12456 1137 2 second second JJ 12456 1137 3 part part NN 12456 1137 4 gives give VBZ 12456 1137 5 a a DT 12456 1137 6 list list NN 12456 1137 7 of of IN 12456 1137 8 the the DT 12456 1137 9 troubadours troubadour NNS 12456 1137 10 in in IN 12456 1137 11 alphabetical alphabetical JJ 12456 1137 12 order order NN 12456 1137 13 , , , 12456 1137 14 with with IN 12456 1137 15 the the DT 12456 1137 16 lyric lyric NN 12456 1137 17 poems poem NNS 12456 1137 18 attributed attribute VBN 12456 1137 19 to to IN 12456 1137 20 each each DT 12456 1137 21 troubadour troubadour JJ 12456 1137 22 . . . 12456 1138 1 The the DT 12456 1138 2 first first JJ 12456 1138 3 line line NN 12456 1138 4 of of IN 12456 1138 5 each each DT 12456 1138 6 poem poem NN 12456 1138 7 is be VBZ 12456 1138 8 quoted quote VBN 12456 1138 9 and and CC 12456 1138 10 followed follow VBN 12456 1138 11 by by IN 12456 1138 12 a a DT 12456 1138 13 list list NN 12456 1138 14 of of IN 12456 1138 15 the the DT 12456 1138 16 MSS MSS NNP 12456 1138 17 . . . 12456 1139 1 in in IN 12456 1139 2 which which WDT 12456 1139 3 it -PRON- PRP 12456 1139 4 is be VBZ 12456 1139 5 found find VBN 12456 1139 6 . . . 12456 1140 1 Modern modern JJ 12456 1140 2 editors editor NNS 12456 1140 3 have have VBP 12456 1140 4 generally generally RB 12456 1140 5 agreed agree VBN 12456 1140 6 to to TO 12456 1140 7 follow follow VB 12456 1140 8 these these DT 12456 1140 9 lists list NNS 12456 1140 10 in in IN 12456 1140 11 referring refer VBG 12456 1140 12 to to IN 12456 1140 13 troubadour troubadour PRP$ 12456 1140 14 lyrics lyric NNS 12456 1140 15 : : : 12456 1140 16 e.g. e.g. RB 12456 1141 1 B. B. NNP 12456 1142 1 Gr Gr NNP 12456 1142 2 . . . 12456 1142 3 , , , 12456 1142 4 202 202 CD 12456 1142 5 , , , 12456 1142 6 4 4 CD 12456 1142 7 refers refer VBZ 12456 1142 8 to to IN 12456 1142 9 the the DT 12456 1142 10 fourth fourth JJ 12456 1142 11 lyric lyric NN 12456 1142 12 ( ( -LRB- 12456 1142 13 in in IN 12456 1142 14 alphabetical alphabetical JJ 12456 1142 15 order order NN 12456 1142 16 ) ) -RRB- 12456 1142 17 of of IN 12456 1142 18 Guillem Guillem NNP 12456 1142 19 Ademar Ademar NNP 12456 1142 20 , , , 12456 1142 21 who who WP 12456 1142 22 is be VBZ 12456 1142 23 no no UH 12456 1142 24 . . . 12456 1143 1 202 202 CD 12456 1143 2 in in IN 12456 1143 3 Bartsch Bartsch NNP 12456 1143 4 's 's POS 12456 1143 5 list list NN 12456 1143 6 . . . 12456 1144 1 A a DT 12456 1144 2 list list NN 12456 1144 3 of of IN 12456 1144 4 corrections correction NNS 12456 1144 5 to to IN 12456 1144 6 this this DT 12456 1144 7 list list NN 12456 1144 8 is be VBZ 12456 1144 9 given give VBN 12456 1144 10 by by IN 12456 1144 11 Gröber Gröber NNP 12456 1144 12 in in IN 12456 1144 13 Böhmer Böhmer NNP 12456 1144 14 's 's POS 12456 1144 15 _ _ NNP 12456 1144 16 Romanische Romanische NNP 12456 1144 17 Studien Studien NNP 12456 1144 18 _ _ NNP 12456 1144 19 , , , 12456 1144 20 vol vol NNP 12456 1144 21 . . . 12456 1145 1 ii ii LS 12456 1145 2 . . . 12456 1146 1 1875 1875 CD 12456 1146 2 - - SYM 12456 1146 3 77 77 CD 12456 1146 4 , , , 12456 1146 5 Strassburg Strassburg NNP 12456 1146 6 . . . 12456 1147 1 In in IN 12456 1147 2 vol vol NNP 12456 1147 3 . . . 12456 1148 1 ix ix IN 12456 1148 2 . . . 12456 1149 1 of of IN 12456 1149 2 the the DT 12456 1149 3 same same JJ 12456 1149 4 is be VBZ 12456 1149 5 Gröbers Gröbers NNPS 12456 1149 6 ' ' POS 12456 1149 7 study study NN 12456 1149 8 of of IN 12456 1149 9 troubadour troubadour JJ 12456 1149 10 MSS MSS NNP 12456 1149 11 . . . 12456 1150 1 and and CC 12456 1150 2 the the DT 12456 1150 3 relations relation NNS 12456 1150 4 between between IN 12456 1150 5 them -PRON- PRP 12456 1150 6 . . . 12456 1151 1 A. A. NNP 12456 1151 2 Stimming Stimming NNP 12456 1151 3 , , , 12456 1151 4 _ _ NNP 12456 1151 5 Provenzaliscke Provenzaliscke NNP 12456 1151 6 Literatur Literatur NNP 12456 1151 7 in in IN 12456 1151 8 Gröber Gröber NNP 12456 1151 9 's 's POS 12456 1151 10 Grundriss Grundriss NNP 12456 1151 11 der der NN 12456 1151 12 Romanischen Romanischen NNP 12456 1151 13 Philologie Philologie NNP 12456 1151 14 _ _ NNP 12456 1151 15 , , , 12456 1151 16 Strassburg Strassburg NNP 12456 1151 17 , , , 12456 1151 18 1888 1888 CD 12456 1151 19 , , , 12456 1151 20 vol vol NNP 12456 1151 21 . . . 12456 1152 1 ii ii LS 12456 1152 2 . . . 12456 1153 1 part part NNP 12456 1153 2 ii ii NNP 12456 1153 3 . . . 12456 1154 1 contains contain VBZ 12456 1154 2 useful useful JJ 12456 1154 3 bibliographical bibliographical JJ 12456 1154 4 notices notice NNS 12456 1154 5 . . . 12456 1155 1 A. A. NNP 12456 1155 2 Restori Restori NNP 12456 1155 3 , , , 12456 1155 4 _ _ NNP 12456 1155 5 Letteratura Letteratura NNP 12456 1155 6 provenzale provenzale NN 12456 1155 7 _ _ NNP 12456 1155 8 , , , 12456 1155 9 Milan Milan NNP 12456 1155 10 , , , 12456 1155 11 1891 1891 CD 12456 1155 12 ( ( -LRB- 12456 1155 13 _ _ NNP 12456 1155 14 Manuali Manuali NNP 12456 1155 15 Hoepli Hoepli NNP 12456 1155 16 _ _ NNP 12456 1155 17 ) ) -RRB- 12456 1155 18 , , , 12456 1155 19 an an DT 12456 1155 20 excellent excellent JJ 12456 1155 21 little little JJ 12456 1155 22 work work NN 12456 1155 23 . . . 12456 1156 1 A. A. NNP 12456 1156 2 Jeanroy Jeanroy NNP 12456 1156 3 , , , 12456 1156 4 _ _ NNP 12456 1156 5 Les Les NNP 12456 1156 6 origines origines NNP 12456 1156 7 de de NNP 12456 1156 8 la la NNP 12456 1156 9 poésie poésie NNP 12456 1156 10 lyrique lyrique NNP 12456 1156 11 en en IN 12456 1156 12 France France NNP 12456 1156 13 _ _ NNP 12456 1156 14 , , , 12456 1156 15 2nd 2nd JJ 12456 1156 16 edit edit NN 12456 1156 17 . . . 12456 1156 18 , , , 12456 1156 19 Paris Paris NNP 12456 1156 20 , , , 12456 1156 21 1904 1904 CD 12456 1156 22 . . . 12456 1157 1 J. J. NNP 12456 1157 2 Anglade Anglade NNP 12456 1157 3 , , , 12456 1157 4 _ _ NNP 12456 1157 5 Les Les NNP 12456 1157 6 troubadours troubadour VBZ 12456 1157 7 _ _ NNP 12456 1157 8 , , , 12456 1157 9 Paris Paris NNP 12456 1157 10 , , , 12456 1157 11 1908 1908 CD 12456 1157 12 , , , 12456 1157 13 an an DT 12456 1157 14 excellent excellent JJ 12456 1157 15 and and CC 12456 1157 16 trustworthy trustworthy JJ 12456 1157 17 work work NN 12456 1157 18 , , , 12456 1157 19 in in IN 12456 1157 20 popular popular JJ 12456 1157 21 style style NN 12456 1157 22 , , , 12456 1157 23 with with IN 12456 1157 24 a a DT 12456 1157 25 good good JJ 12456 1157 26 bibliography bibliography NN 12456 1157 27 . . . 12456 1158 1 J. J. NNP 12456 1158 2 H. H. NNP 12456 1158 3 Smith Smith NNP 12456 1158 4 , , , 12456 1158 5 _ _ NNP 12456 1158 6 The the DT 12456 1158 7 troubadours troubadour NNS 12456 1158 8 at at IN 12456 1158 9 Home Home NNP 12456 1158 10 _ _ NNP 12456 1158 11 , , , 12456 1158 12 2 2 CD 12456 1158 13 vols vol NNS 12456 1158 14 . . . 12456 1158 15 , , , 12456 1158 16 New New NNP 12456 1158 17 York York NNP 12456 1158 18 , , , 12456 1158 19 1899 1899 CD 12456 1158 20 ; ; : 12456 1158 21 popularises popularise VBZ 12456 1158 22 scientific scientific JJ 12456 1158 23 knowledge knowledge NN 12456 1158 24 by by IN 12456 1158 25 impressions impression NNS 12456 1158 26 of of IN 12456 1158 27 travel travel NN 12456 1158 28 in in IN 12456 1158 29 Southern Southern NNP 12456 1158 30 France France NNP 12456 1158 31 , , , 12456 1158 32 photographs photograph NNS 12456 1158 33 , , , 12456 1158 34 and and CC 12456 1158 35 historical historical JJ 12456 1158 36 imagination imagination NN 12456 1158 37 : : : 12456 1158 38 generally generally RB 12456 1158 39 stimulating stimulating JJ 12456 1158 40 and and CC 12456 1158 41 suggestive suggestive JJ 12456 1158 42 , , , 12456 1158 43 Most Most JJS 12456 1158 44 histories history NNS 12456 1158 45 of of IN 12456 1158 46 French french JJ 12456 1158 47 literature literature NN 12456 1158 48 devote devote VBP 12456 1158 49 some some DT 12456 1158 50 space space NN 12456 1158 51 to to IN 12456 1158 52 Provençal Provençal NNP 12456 1158 53 ; ; : 12456 1158 54 e.g. e.g. RB 12456 1159 1 Suchier Suchier NNP 12456 1159 2 & & CC 12456 1159 3 Birch Birch NNP 12456 1159 4 - - HYPH 12456 1159 5 Hirschfeld Hirschfeld NNP 12456 1159 6 , , , 12456 1159 7 _ _ NNP 12456 1159 8 Geschichte Geschichte NNP 12456 1159 9 der der NN 12456 1159 10 französischen französischen NNP 12456 1159 11 Litteratur Litteratur NNP 12456 1159 12 _ _ NNP 12456 1159 13 , , , 12456 1159 14 Leipsic Leipsic NNP 12456 1159 15 , , , 12456 1159 16 1900 1900 CD 12456 1159 17 . . . 12456 1160 1 The the DT 12456 1160 2 works work NNS 12456 1160 3 of of IN 12456 1160 4 Millot Millot NNP 12456 1160 5 and and CC 12456 1160 6 Fauriel Fauriel NNP 12456 1160 7 are be VBP 12456 1160 8 now now RB 12456 1160 9 somewhat somewhat RB 12456 1160 10 antiquated antiquated JJ 12456 1160 11 . . . 12456 1161 1 _ _ NNP 12456 1161 2 Trobador Trobador NNP 12456 1161 3 Poets Poets NNPS 12456 1161 4 _ _ NNP 12456 1161 5 , , , 12456 1161 6 Barbara Barbara NNP 12456 1161 7 Smythe Smythe NNP 12456 1161 8 , , , 12456 1161 9 London London NNP 12456 1161 10 , , , 12456 1161 11 1911 1911 CD 12456 1161 12 , , , 12456 1161 13 contains contain VBZ 12456 1161 14 an an DT 12456 1161 15 introduction introduction NN 12456 1161 16 and and CC 12456 1161 17 translations translation NNS 12456 1161 18 from from IN 12456 1161 19 various various JJ 12456 1161 20 troubadours troubadour NNS 12456 1161 21 . . . 12456 1162 1 DICTIONARIES dictionary NNS 12456 1162 2 AND and CC 12456 1162 3 GRAMMARS GRAMMARS NNP 12456 1162 4 F. F. NNP 12456 1162 5 Raynouard Raynouard NNP 12456 1162 6 , , , 12456 1162 7 _ _ NNP 12456 1162 8 Lexique Lexique NNP 12456 1162 9 roman roman NN 12456 1162 10 _ _ NNP 12456 1162 11 , , , 12456 1162 12 6 6 CD 12456 1162 13 vols vol NNS 12456 1162 14 . . . 12456 1162 15 , , , 12456 1162 16 Paris Paris NNP 12456 1162 17 , , , 12456 1162 18 1838 1838 CD 12456 1162 19 - - SYM 12456 1162 20 1844 1844 CD 12456 1162 21 , , , 12456 1162 22 supplemented supplement VBN 12456 1162 23 by by IN 12456 1162 24 . . . 12456 1163 1 E. E. NNP 12456 1163 2 Levy Levy NNP 12456 1163 3 , , , 12456 1163 4 _ _ NNP 12456 1163 5 Provenzalisches Provenzalisches NNP 12456 1163 6 supplement supplement NN 12456 1163 7 - - : 12456 1163 8 Wörterbuch Wörterbuch NNP 12456 1163 9 _ _ NNP 12456 1163 10 , , , 12456 1163 11 Leipsic Leipsic NNP 12456 1163 12 , , , 12456 1163 13 1894 1894 CD 12456 1163 14 , , , 12456 1163 15 not not RB 12456 1163 16 yet yet RB 12456 1163 17 completed complete VBN 12456 1163 18 , , , 12456 1163 19 but but CC 12456 1163 20 indispensable indispensable JJ 12456 1163 21 . . . 12456 1164 1 E. E. NNP 12456 1164 2 Levy Levy NNP 12456 1164 3 , , , 12456 1164 4 _ _ NNP 12456 1164 5 Petit Petit NNP 12456 1164 6 dictionnaire dictionnaire NN 12456 1164 7 provençal provençal NN 12456 1164 8 - - HYPH 12456 1164 9 français français NNP 12456 1164 10 _ _ NNP 12456 1164 11 , , , 12456 1164 12 Heidelberg Heidelberg NNP 12456 1164 13 , , , 12456 1164 14 1908 1908 CD 12456 1164 15 . . . 12456 1165 1 J. J. NNP 12456 1166 1 B. B. NNP 12456 1166 2 Roquefort Roquefort NNP 12456 1166 3 , , , 12456 1166 4 _ _ NNP 12456 1166 5 Glossaire Glossaire NNP 12456 1166 6 de de IN 12456 1166 7 la la NNP 12456 1166 8 langue langue NNP 12456 1166 9 romane romane NNP 12456 1166 10 _ _ NNP 12456 1166 11 , , , 12456 1166 12 3 3 CD 12456 1166 13 vols vol NNS 12456 1166 14 . . . 12456 1166 15 , , , 12456 1166 16 Paris Paris NNP 12456 1166 17 , , , 12456 1166 18 1820 1820 CD 12456 1166 19 . . . 12456 1167 1 W. W. NNP 12456 1167 2 Meyer Meyer NNP 12456 1167 3 - - HYPH 12456 1167 4 Lübke Lübke NNP 12456 1167 5 , , , 12456 1167 6 _ _ NNP 12456 1167 7 Grammaire Grammaire NNP 12456 1167 8 des des NNP 12456 1167 9 langues langues NNP 12456 1167 10 romanes romanes NNPS 12456 1167 11 _ _ NNP 12456 1167 12 , , , 12456 1167 13 French french JJ 12456 1167 14 translation translation NN 12456 1167 15 of of IN 12456 1167 16 the the DT 12456 1167 17 German German NNP 12456 1167 18 , , , 12456 1167 19 Paris Paris NNP 12456 1167 20 , , , 12456 1167 21 1905 1905 CD 12456 1167 22 . . . 12456 1168 1 C. C. NNP 12456 1168 2 H. H. NNP 12456 1168 3 Grandgent Grandgent NNP 12456 1168 4 , , , 12456 1168 5 _ _ NNP 12456 1168 6 An an DT 12456 1168 7 outline outline NN 12456 1168 8 of of IN 12456 1168 9 the the DT 12456 1168 10 phonology phonology NN 12456 1168 11 and and CC 12456 1168 12 morphology morphology NN 12456 1168 13 of of IN 12456 1168 14 old old JJ 12456 1168 15 Provençal Provençal NNP 12456 1168 16 _ _ NNP 12456 1168 17 , , , 12456 1168 18 Boston Boston NNP 12456 1168 19 , , , 12456 1168 20 1905 1905 CD 12456 1168 21 . . . 12456 1169 1 H. H. NNP 12456 1169 2 Suchier Suchier NNP 12456 1169 3 , , , 12456 1169 4 _ _ NNP 12456 1169 5 Die Die NNP 12456 1169 6 französiche französiche NN 12456 1169 7 und und NN 12456 1169 8 provenzalische provenzalische NNP 12456 1169 9 Sprache Sprache NNP 12456 1169 10 _ _ NNP 12456 1169 11 in in IN 12456 1169 12 Gröber Gröber NNP 12456 1169 13 's 's POS 12456 1169 14 _ _ NNP 12456 1169 15 Grundriss Grundriss NNP 12456 1169 16 _ _ NNP 12456 1169 17 . . . 12456 1170 1 A a DT 12456 1170 2 French french JJ 12456 1170 3 translation translation NN 12456 1170 4 , , , 12456 1170 5 _ _ NNP 12456 1170 6 Le Le NNP 12456 1170 7 Français Français NNP 12456 1170 8 et et NNP 12456 1170 9 le le NNP 12456 1170 10 Provençal Provençal NNP 12456 1170 11 _ _ NNP 12456 1170 12 , , , 12456 1170 13 Paris Paris NNP 12456 1170 14 , , , 12456 1170 15 1891 1891 CD 12456 1170 16 . . . 12456 1171 1 TEXTS text VBD 12456 1171 2 The the DT 12456 1171 3 following follow VBG 12456 1171 4 chrestomathies chrestomathy NNS 12456 1171 5 contain contain VBP 12456 1171 6 tables table NNS 12456 1171 7 of of IN 12456 1171 8 grammatical grammatical JJ 12456 1171 9 forms form NNS 12456 1171 10 ( ( -LRB- 12456 1171 11 except except IN 12456 1171 12 in in IN 12456 1171 13 the the DT 12456 1171 14 case case NN 12456 1171 15 of of IN 12456 1171 16 Bartsch Bartsch NNP 12456 1171 17 ) ) -RRB- 12456 1171 18 texts text NNS 12456 1171 19 and and CC 12456 1171 20 vocabularies vocabulary NNS 12456 1171 21 . . . 12456 1172 1 _ _ NNP 12456 1172 2 Altprovenzalisches Altprovenzalisches NNP 12456 1172 3 Elementarbuch Elementarbuch NNP 12456 1172 4 _ _ NNP 12456 1172 5 , , , 12456 1172 6 O. O. NNP 12456 1172 7 Schultz Schultz NNP 12456 1172 8 - - HYPH 12456 1172 9 Gora Gora NNP 12456 1172 10 , , , 12456 1172 11 Heidelberg Heidelberg NNP 12456 1172 12 , , , 12456 1172 13 1906 1906 CD 12456 1172 14 , , , 12456 1172 15 an an DT 12456 1172 16 excellent excellent JJ 12456 1172 17 work work NN 12456 1172 18 for for IN 12456 1172 19 beginners beginner NNS 12456 1172 20 . . . 12456 1173 1 _ _ NNP 12456 1173 2 Provenzalische Provenzalische NNP 12456 1173 3 Chrestomathie Chrestomathie NNP 12456 1173 4 _ _ NNP 12456 1173 5 , , , 12456 1173 6 C. C. NNP 12456 1173 7 Appel Appel NNP 12456 1173 8 , , , 12456 1173 9 Leipsic Leipsic NNP 12456 1173 10 , , , 12456 1173 11 1907 1907 CD 12456 1173 12 , , , 12456 1173 13 3rd 3rd JJ 12456 1173 14 edit edit NN 12456 1173 15 . . . 12456 1174 1 _ _ NNP 12456 1174 2 Manualetto Manualetto NNP 12456 1174 3 provenzale provenzale NN 12456 1174 4 _ _ NNP 12456 1174 5 , , , 12456 1174 6 V. V. NNP 12456 1174 7 Crescini Crescini NNP 12456 1174 8 , , , 12456 1174 9 Padua Padua NNP 12456 1174 10 , , , 12456 1174 11 1905 1905 CD 12456 1174 12 , , , 12456 1174 13 2nd 2nd JJ 12456 1174 14 edit edit NN 12456 1174 15 . . . 12456 1175 1 _ _ NNP 12456 1175 2 Chrestomathie Chrestomathie NNP 12456 1175 3 provençal provençal NN 12456 1175 4 _ _ NNP 12456 1175 5 , , , 12456 1175 6 K. K. NNP 12456 1175 7 Bartsch Bartsch NNP 12456 1175 8 , , , 12456 1175 9 re re JJ 12456 1175 10 - - VBN 12456 1175 11 edited edit VBN 12456 1175 12 by by IN 12456 1175 13 Koschwitz Koschwitz NNP 12456 1175 14 , , , 12456 1175 15 Marburg Marburg NNP 12456 1175 16 , , , 12456 1175 17 1904 1904 CD 12456 1175 18 . . . 12456 1176 1 The the DT 12456 1176 2 following follow VBG 12456 1176 3 editions edition NNS 12456 1176 4 of of IN 12456 1176 5 individual individual JJ 12456 1176 6 troubadours troubadour NNS 12456 1176 7 have have VBP 12456 1176 8 been be VBN 12456 1176 9 published publish VBN 12456 1176 10 . . . 12456 1177 1 Alegret Alegret NNP 12456 1177 2 . . . 12456 1178 1 _ _ NNP 12456 1178 2 Annales Annales NNP 12456 1178 3 du du NNP 12456 1178 4 Midi Midi NNP 12456 1178 5 _ _ NNP 12456 1178 6 , , , 12456 1178 7 no no UH 12456 1178 8 . . . 12456 1179 1 74 74 CD 12456 1179 2 . . . 12456 1180 1 Arnaut Arnaut NNP 12456 1180 2 Daniel Daniel NNP 12456 1180 3 . . . 12456 1181 1 U. U. NNP 12456 1182 1 A. A. NNP 12456 1182 2 Canello Canello NNP 12456 1182 3 , , , 12456 1182 4 Halle Halle NNP 12456 1182 5 , , , 12456 1182 6 1883 1883 CD 12456 1182 7 . . . 12456 1183 1 Bernart Bernart NNP 12456 1183 2 de de NNP 12456 1183 3 Rovenac Rovenac NNP 12456 1183 4 . . . 12456 1184 1 G. G. NNP 12456 1184 2 Borsdorff Borsdorff NNP 12456 1184 3 , , , 12456 1184 4 Erlangen Erlangen NNP 12456 1184 5 , , , 12456 1184 6 1907 1907 CD 12456 1184 7 . . . 12456 1185 1 Bartolomeo Bartolomeo NNP 12456 1185 2 Zorzi Zorzi NNP 12456 1185 3 . . . 12456 1186 1 E. E. NNP 12456 1186 2 Levy Levy NNP 12456 1186 3 , , , 12456 1186 4 Halle Halle NNP 12456 1186 5 , , , 12456 1186 6 1883 1883 CD 12456 1186 7 . . . 12456 1187 1 Bertran Bertran NNP 12456 1187 2 d'Alamanon d'Alamanon NNP 12456 1187 3 . . . 12456 1188 1 J. J. NNP 12456 1188 2 Salverda Salverda NNP 12456 1188 3 de de NNP 12456 1188 4 Grave Grave NNP 12456 1188 5 , , , 12456 1188 6 Toulouse Toulouse NNP 12456 1188 7 , , , 12456 1188 8 1902 1902 CD 12456 1188 9 ( ( -LRB- 12456 1188 10 _ _ NNP 12456 1188 11 Bibliothèque Bibliothèque NNP 12456 1188 12 Méridionale Méridionale NNP 12456 1188 13 _ _ NNP 12456 1188 14 ) ) -RRB- 12456 1188 15 . . . 12456 1189 1 Bertran Bertran NNP 12456 1189 2 de de NNP 12456 1189 3 Born Born NNP 12456 1189 4 . . . 12456 1190 1 A. A. NNP 12456 1190 2 Thomas Thomas NNP 12456 1190 3 , , , 12456 1190 4 Toulouse Toulouse NNP 12456 1190 5 , , , 12456 1190 6 1888 1888 CD 12456 1190 7 ( ( -LRB- 12456 1190 8 _ _ NNP 12456 1190 9 Bibliothèque Bibliothèque NNP 12456 1190 10 Méridionale Méridionale NNP 12456 1190 11 _ _ NNP 12456 1190 12 ) ) -RRB- 12456 1190 13 . . . 12456 1191 1 Bertran Bertran NNP 12456 1191 2 de de NNP 12456 1191 3 Born Born NNP 12456 1191 4 . . . 12456 1192 1 A. A. NNP 12456 1192 2 Stimming Stimming NNP 12456 1192 3 , , , 12456 1192 4 Halle Halle NNP 12456 1192 5 , , , 12456 1192 6 1892 1892 CD 12456 1192 7 ( ( -LRB- 12456 1192 8 and and CC 12456 1192 9 in in IN 12456 1192 10 the the DT 12456 1192 11 _ _ NNP 12456 1192 12 Romanischz Romanischz NNP 12456 1192 13 Bibliothek Bibliothek NNP 12456 1192 14 _ _ NNP 12456 1192 15 , , , 12456 1192 16 Leipsic Leipsic NNP 12456 1192 17 ) ) -RRB- 12456 1192 18 . . . 12456 1193 1 Blacatz Blacatz NNP 12456 1193 2 . . . 12456 1194 1 O. O. NNP 12456 1194 2 Soltau Soltau NNP 12456 1194 3 , , , 12456 1194 4 Leipsic Leipsic NNP 12456 1194 5 , , , 12456 1194 6 1890 1890 CD 12456 1194 7 . . . 12456 1195 1 Cercamon Cercamon NNP 12456 1195 2 . . . 12456 1196 1 Dr Dr NNP 12456 1196 2 Dejeanne Dejeanne NNP 12456 1196 3 , , , 12456 1196 4 Toulouse Toulouse NNP 12456 1196 5 , , , 12456 1196 6 1905 1905 CD 12456 1196 7 ( ( -LRB- 12456 1196 8 _ _ NNP 12456 1196 9 Annales Annales NNP 12456 1196 10 du du NNP 12456 1196 11 Midi Midi NNP 12456 1196 12 _ _ NNP 12456 1196 13 , , , 12456 1196 14 vol vol NNP 12456 1196 15 . . . 12456 1197 1 xvii xvii NN 12456 1197 2 . . . 12456 1197 3 ) ) -RRB- 12456 1197 4 . . . 12456 1198 1 Elias Elias NNP 12456 1198 2 de de IN 12456 1198 3 Barjols Barjols NNP 12456 1198 4 . . . 12456 1199 1 Stronski Stronski NNP 12456 1199 2 , , , 12456 1199 3 Paris Paris NNP 12456 1199 4 , , , 12456 1199 5 1906 1906 CD 12456 1199 6 ( ( -LRB- 12456 1199 7 _ _ NNP 12456 1199 8 Bibliothèque Bibliothèque NNP 12456 1199 9 Méridionale Méridionale NNP 12456 1199 10 _ _ NNP 12456 1199 11 vi vi NNP 12456 1199 12 . . . 12456 1199 13 ) ) -RRB- 12456 1199 14 . . . 12456 1200 1 Folquet Folquet NNP 12456 1200 2 de de NNP 12456 1200 3 Marselha Marselha NNP 12456 1200 4 . . . 12456 1201 1 Stronski Stronski NNP 12456 1201 2 , , , 12456 1201 3 Cracow Cracow NNP 12456 1201 4 , , , 12456 1201 5 1911 1911 CD 12456 1201 6 . . . 12456 1202 1 Folquet Folquet NNP 12456 1202 2 de de FW 12456 1202 3 Romans Romans NNPS 12456 1202 4 . . . 12456 1203 1 Zenker Zenker NNP 12456 1203 2 ( ( -LRB- 12456 1203 3 _ _ NNP 12456 1203 4 Romanische Romanische NNP 12456 1203 5 Bibliothek Bibliothek NNP 12456 1203 6 _ _ NNP 12456 1203 7 ) ) -RRB- 12456 1203 8 . . . 12456 1204 1 Gavaudan Gavaudan NNP 12456 1204 2 . . . 12456 1205 1 A. A. NNP 12456 1205 2 Jeanroy Jeanroy NNP 12456 1205 3 , , , 12456 1205 4 _ _ NNP 12456 1205 5 Romania Romania NNP 12456 1205 6 _ _ NNP 12456 1205 7 , , , 12456 1205 8 xxxiv xxxiv NNP 12456 1205 9 . . NNP 12456 1205 10 , , , 12456 1205 11 p. p. NN 12456 1205 12 497 497 CD 12456 1205 13 . . . 12456 1206 1 Guillaume Guillaume NNP 12456 1206 2 IX IX NNP 12456 1206 3 . . . 12456 1207 1 Comte Comte NNP 12456 1207 2 de de NNP 12456 1207 3 Poitiers Poitiers NNP 12456 1207 4 . . . 12456 1208 1 A. a. JJ 12456 1208 2 Jeanroy Jeanroy NNP 12456 1208 3 , , , 12456 1208 4 Toulouse Toulouse NNP 12456 1208 5 , , , 12456 1208 6 1905 1905 CD 12456 1208 7 . . . 12456 1209 1 Guillem Guillem NNP 12456 1209 2 Anelier Anelier NNP 12456 1209 3 de de NNP 12456 1209 4 Toulouse Toulouse NNP 12456 1209 5 . . . 12456 1210 1 M. M. NNP 12456 1210 2 Gisi Gisi NNP 12456 1210 3 , , , 12456 1210 4 Solothurn Solothurn NNP 12456 1210 5 , , , 12456 1210 6 1877 1877 CD 12456 1210 7 . . . 12456 1211 1 Guillem Guillem NNP 12456 1211 2 de de NNP 12456 1211 3 Cabestanh Cabestanh NNP 12456 1211 4 . . . 12456 1212 1 F. F. NNP 12456 1212 2 Hüffer Hüffer NNP 12456 1212 3 , , , 12456 1212 4 Berlin Berlin NNP 12456 1212 5 , , , 12456 1212 6 1869 1869 CD 12456 1212 7 . . . 12456 1213 1 Guillem Guillem NNP 12456 1213 2 Figueira Figueira NNP 12456 1213 3 . . . 12456 1214 1 E. E. NNP 12456 1214 2 Levy Levy NNP 12456 1214 3 , , , 12456 1214 4 Berlin Berlin NNP 12456 1214 5 , , , 12456 1214 6 1880 1880 CD 12456 1214 7 . . . 12456 1215 1 Guillem Guillem NNP 12456 1215 2 de de NNP 12456 1215 3 Montanhagol Montanhagol NNP 12456 1215 4 . . . 12456 1216 1 J. J. NNP 12456 1216 2 Coulet Coulet NNP 12456 1216 3 , , , 12456 1216 4 _ _ NNP 12456 1216 5 Bibliothèque Bibliothèque NNP 12456 1216 6 Méridionale Méridionale NNP 12456 1216 7 _ _ NNP 12456 1216 8 , , , 12456 1216 9 iv iv NNP 12456 1216 10 . . NNP 12456 1216 11 , , , 12456 1216 12 Toulouse Toulouse NNP 12456 1216 13 . . . 12456 1217 1 Guiraut Guiraut NNP 12456 1217 2 de de FW 12456 1217 3 Bornelh Bornelh NNP 12456 1217 4 . . . 12456 1218 1 A. A. NNP 12456 1218 2 Kolsen Kolsen NNP 12456 1218 3 , , , 12456 1218 4 Berlin Berlin NNP 12456 1218 5 , , , 12456 1218 6 1894 1894 CD 12456 1218 7 and and CC 12456 1218 8 1911 1911 CD 12456 1218 9 . . . 12456 1219 1 Guiraut Guiraut NNP 12456 1219 2 d'Espanha d'Espanha NNP 12456 1219 3 . . . 12456 1220 1 P. P. NNP 12456 1220 2 Savi Savi NNP 12456 1220 3 - - HYPH 12456 1220 4 Lopez Lopez NNP 12456 1220 5 . . . 12456 1221 1 _ _ NNP 12456 1221 2 Studj Studj NNP 12456 1221 3 mediaevali mediaevali NNS 12456 1221 4 _ _ NNP 12456 1221 5 , , , 12456 1221 6 Fasc Fasc NNP 12456 1221 7 . . . 12456 1222 1 3 3 LS 12456 1222 2 , , , 12456 1222 3 Turin Turin NNP 12456 1222 4 , , , 12456 1222 5 1905 1905 CD 12456 1222 6 . . . 12456 1223 1 Guiraut Guiraut NNP 12456 1223 2 Riquier Riquier NNP 12456 1223 3 , , , 12456 1223 4 Étude Étude NNP 12456 1223 5 sur sur RB 12456 1223 6 , , , 12456 1223 7 etc etc FW 12456 1223 8 . . . 12456 1224 1 J. J. NNP 12456 1224 2 Anglade Anglade NNP 12456 1224 3 , , , 12456 1224 4 Paris Paris NNP 12456 1224 5 , , , 12456 1224 6 1905 1905 CD 12456 1224 7 . . . 12456 1225 1 Jaufre Jaufre NNP 12456 1225 2 Rudel Rudel NNP 12456 1225 3 . . . 12456 1226 1 A a DT 12456 1226 2 Stimming Stimming NNP 12456 1226 3 , , , 12456 1226 4 Kiel Kiel NNP 12456 1226 5 , , , 12456 1226 6 1873 1873 CD 12456 1226 7 . . . 12456 1227 1 Marcabrun marcabrun NN 12456 1227 2 . . . 12456 1228 1 Dr Dr NNP 12456 1228 2 Dejeanne Dejeanne NNP 12456 1228 3 . . . 12456 1229 1 _ _ NNP 12456 1229 2 Bibliothèque Bibliothèque NNP 12456 1229 3 Méridionale Méridionale NNP 12456 1229 4 _ _ NNP 12456 1229 5 , , , 12456 1229 6 1910 1910 CD 12456 1229 7 . . . 12456 1230 1 Marcoat marcoat NN 12456 1230 2 . . . 12456 1231 1 Dr Dr NNP 12456 1231 2 Dejeanne Dejeanne NNP 12456 1231 3 , , , 12456 1231 4 Toulouse Toulouse NNP 12456 1231 5 , , , 12456 1231 6 1903 1903 CD 12456 1231 7 ( ( -LRB- 12456 1231 8 _ _ NNP 12456 1231 9 Annales Annales NNP 12456 1231 10 du du NNP 12456 1231 11 Midi Midi NNP 12456 1231 12 _ _ NNP 12456 1231 13 , , , 12456 1231 14 xv xv NNP 12456 1231 15 . . . 12456 1231 16 ) ) -RRB- 12456 1231 17 . . . 12456 1232 1 Monk Monk NNP 12456 1232 2 of of IN 12456 1232 3 Montaudon Montaudon NNP 12456 1232 4 . . . 12456 1233 1 E. E. NNP 12456 1233 2 Philippson Philippson NNP 12456 1233 3 , , , 12456 1233 4 Halle Halle NNP 12456 1233 5 , , , 12456 1233 6 1873 1873 CD 12456 1233 7 ; ; : 12456 1233 8 O. O. NNP 12456 1233 9 Klein Klein NNP 12456 1233 10 , , , 12456 1233 11 Marburg Marburg NNP 12456 1233 12 , , , 12456 1233 13 1885 1885 CD 12456 1233 14 . . . 12456 1234 1 N n LS 12456 1234 2 ' ' `` 12456 1234 3 At at IN 12456 1234 4 de de FW 12456 1234 5 Mons Mons NNP 12456 1234 6 . . . 12456 1235 1 Bernhard Bernhard NNP 12456 1235 2 . . . 12456 1236 1 _ _ NNP 12456 1236 2 Altfranzösische Altfranzösische NNP 12456 1236 3 Bibliothek Bibliothek NNP 12456 1236 4 , , , 12456 1236 5 Heilbronn Heilbronn NNP 12456 1236 6 _ _ NNP 12456 1236 7 . . . 12456 1237 1 Paulet Paulet NNP 12456 1237 2 de de FW 12456 1237 3 Marselha Marselha NNP 12456 1237 4 . . . 12456 1238 1 E. E. NNP 12456 1238 2 Levy Levy NNP 12456 1238 3 , , , 12456 1238 4 Paris Paris NNP 12456 1238 5 , , , 12456 1238 6 1882 1882 CD 12456 1238 7 . . . 12456 1239 1 Peire Peire NNP 12456 1239 2 d'Alvernhe d'Alvernhe NNP 12456 1239 3 ( ( -LRB- 12456 1239 4 d'Auvergne d'Auvergne NNP 12456 1239 5 ) ) -RRB- 12456 1239 6 . . . 12456 1240 1 R. R. NNP 12456 1240 2 Zenker Zenker NNP 12456 1240 3 , , , 12456 1240 4 Rostock Rostock NNP 12456 1240 5 , , , 12456 1240 6 1900 1900 CD 12456 1240 7 . . . 12456 1241 1 Peire Peire NNP 12456 1241 2 Vidal Vidal NNP 12456 1241 3 . . . 12456 1242 1 K. K. NNP 12456 1242 2 Bartsch Bartsch NNP 12456 1242 3 , , , 12456 1242 4 Berlin Berlin NNP 12456 1242 5 , , , 12456 1242 6 1857 1857 CD 12456 1242 7 ( ( -LRB- 12456 1242 8 an an DT 12456 1242 9 edition edition NN 12456 1242 10 by by IN 12456 1242 11 J. J. NNP 12456 1242 12 Anglade Anglade NNP 12456 1242 13 is be VBZ 12456 1242 14 about about JJ 12456 1242 15 to to TO 12456 1242 16 appear appear VB 12456 1242 17 ) ) -RRB- 12456 1242 18 . . . 12456 1243 1 Peire Peire NNP 12456 1243 2 Rogier Rogier NNP 12456 1243 3 . . . 12456 1244 1 C. C. NNP 12456 1244 2 Appel Appel NNP 12456 1244 3 , , , 12456 1244 4 Berlin Berlin NNP 12456 1244 5 , , , 12456 1244 6 1892 1892 CD 12456 1244 7 . . . 12456 1245 1 Perdigon Perdigon NNP 12456 1245 2 . . . 12456 1246 1 H.J. H.J. NNP 12456 1247 1 Chaytor chaytor NN 12456 1247 2 , , , 12456 1247 3 _ _ NNP 12456 1247 4 Annales Annales NNP 12456 1247 5 du du NNP 12456 1247 6 Midi Midi NNP 12456 1247 7 _ _ NNP 12456 1247 8 , , , 12456 1247 9 xxi xxi NNP 12456 1247 10 . . . 12456 1248 1 Pons Pons NNP 12456 1248 2 de de NNP 12456 1248 3 Capdoill Capdoill NNP 12456 1248 4 . . . 12456 1249 1 M. M. NNP 12456 1249 2 Napolski Napolski NNP 12456 1249 3 , , , 12456 1249 4 Halle Halle NNP 12456 1249 5 , , , 12456 1249 6 1879 1879 CD 12456 1249 7 . . . 12456 1250 1 Raimbaut Raimbaut NNP 12456 1250 2 de de FW 12456 1250 3 Vaqueiras Vaqueiras NNP 12456 1250 4 . . . 12456 1251 1 O. O. NNP 12456 1251 2 Schultz Schultz NNP 12456 1251 3 , , , 12456 1251 4 Halle Halle NNP 12456 1251 5 , , , 12456 1251 6 1893 1893 CD 12456 1251 7 . . . 12456 1252 1 Raimon Raimon NNP 12456 1252 2 de de NNP 12456 1252 3 Miraval Miraval NNP 12456 1252 4 , , , 12456 1252 5 Etude Etude NNP 12456 1252 6 sur sur NNP 12456 1252 7 , , , 12456 1252 8 etc etc FW 12456 1252 9 . . . 12456 1253 1 P. P. NNP 12456 1253 2 Andraud Andraud NNP 12456 1253 3 , , , 12456 1253 4 Paris Paris NNP 12456 1253 5 , , , 12456 1253 6 1902 1902 CD 12456 1253 7 . . . 12456 1254 1 Sordel sordel UH 12456 1254 2 . . . 12456 1255 1 De De NNP 12456 1255 2 Lollis Lollis NNP 12456 1255 3 , , , 12456 1255 4 Halle Halle NNP 12456 1255 5 , , , 12456 1255 6 1896 1896 CD 12456 1255 7 ( ( -LRB- 12456 1255 8 _ _ NNP 12456 1255 9 Romanische Romanische NNP 12456 1255 10 Bibliothek Bibliothek NNP 12456 1255 11 _ _ NNP 12456 1255 12 ) ) -RRB- 12456 1255 13 . . . 12456 1256 1 Numerous numerous JJ 12456 1256 2 separate separate JJ 12456 1256 3 pieces piece NNS 12456 1256 4 have have VBP 12456 1256 5 been be VBN 12456 1256 6 published publish VBN 12456 1256 7 in in IN 12456 1256 8 the the DT 12456 1256 9 various various JJ 12456 1256 10 periodicals periodical NNS 12456 1256 11 concerned concern VBN 12456 1256 12 with with IN 12456 1256 13 Romance Romance NNP 12456 1256 14 philology philology NN 12456 1256 15 , , , 12456 1256 16 as as IN 12456 1256 17 also also RB 12456 1256 18 have have VBP 12456 1256 19 diplomatic diplomatic JJ 12456 1256 20 copies copy NNS 12456 1256 21 of of IN 12456 1256 22 several several JJ 12456 1256 23 MSS MSS NNP 12456 1256 24 . . . 12456 1257 1 Of of IN 12456 1257 2 these these DT 12456 1257 3 periodicals periodical NNS 12456 1257 4 , , , 12456 1257 5 the the DT 12456 1257 6 most most RBS 12456 1257 7 important important JJ 12456 1257 8 for for IN 12456 1257 9 Provençal Provençal NNP 12456 1257 10 are be VBP 12456 1257 11 _ _ NNP 12456 1257 12 Romania Romania NNP 12456 1257 13 , , , 12456 1257 14 les les FW 12456 1257 15 Annales Annales NNP 12456 1257 16 du du NNP 12456 1257 17 Midi Midi NNP 12456 1257 18 , , , 12456 1257 19 Zeitschrift Zeitschrift NNP 12456 1257 20 der der VBD 12456 1257 21 Romanischen Romanischen NNP 12456 1257 22 Philologie Philologie NNP 12456 1257 23 , , , 12456 1257 24 Archiv Archiv NNP 12456 1257 25 fur fur NN 12456 1257 26 das das NNP 12456 1257 27 Studium Studium NNP 12456 1257 28 der der NN 12456 1257 29 neueren neueren NNP 12456 1257 30 Sprachen Sprachen NNP 12456 1257 31 , , , 12456 1257 32 Romanische Romanische NNP 12456 1257 33 Studien Studien NNP 12456 1257 34 , , , 12456 1257 35 Studj Studj NNP 12456 1257 36 di di NNP 12456 1257 37 filologia filologia NNP 12456 1257 38 romanza romanza NNP 12456 1257 39 , , , 12456 1257 40 Revue Revue NNP 12456 1257 41 des des NNP 12456 1257 42 langues langues NNP 12456 1257 43 romanes romanes NNPS 12456 1257 44 _ _ NNP 12456 1257 45 . . . 12456 1258 1 Mahn Mahn NNP 12456 1258 2 's 's POS 12456 1258 3 _ _ NNP 12456 1258 4 Gedichte Gedichte NNP 12456 1258 5 der der NN 12456 1258 6 Troubadours Troubadours NNP 12456 1258 7 _ _ NNP 12456 1258 8 , , , 12456 1258 9 4 4 CD 12456 1258 10 vols vol NNS 12456 1258 11 . . . 12456 1258 12 , , , 12456 1258 13 Berlin Berlin NNP 12456 1258 14 , , , 12456 1258 15 1856 1856 CD 12456 1258 16 - - SYM 12456 1258 17 71 71 CD 12456 1258 18 , , , 12456 1258 19 contains contain VBZ 12456 1258 20 diplomatic diplomatic JJ 12456 1258 21 copies copy NNS 12456 1258 22 of of IN 12456 1258 23 MSS MSS NNP 12456 1258 24 . . . 12456 1259 1 ; ; : 12456 1259 2 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 1259 3 _ _ NNP 12456 1259 4 Werke Werke NNP 12456 1259 5 der der NN 12456 1259 6 Troubadours Troubadours NNP 12456 1259 7 _ _ NNP 12456 1259 8 , , , 12456 1259 9 Berlin Berlin NNP 12456 1259 10 , , , 12456 1259 11 1846 1846 CD 12456 1259 12 - - SYM 12456 1259 13 55 55 CD 12456 1259 14 , , , 12456 1259 15 contains contain VBZ 12456 1259 16 reprints reprint NNS 12456 1259 17 from from IN 12456 1259 18 Raynouard Raynouard NNP 12456 1259 19 , , , 12456 1259 20 _ _ NNP 12456 1259 21 Choix Choix NNP 12456 1259 22 des des NNP 12456 1259 23 poésies poésie NNS 12456 1259 24 originales originale NNS 12456 1259 25 des des NNP 12456 1259 26 Troubadours Troubadours NNP 12456 1259 27 _ _ NNP 12456 1259 28 , , , 12456 1259 29 Paris Paris NNP 12456 1259 30 , , , 12456 1259 31 1816 1816 CD 12456 1259 32 . . . 12456 1260 1 Suchier suchi JJR 12456 1260 2 , , , 12456 1260 3 _ _ NNP 12456 1260 4 Denkmäler Denkmäler NNP 12456 1260 5 provenzalischer provenzalischer NN 12456 1260 6 Sprache Sprache NNP 12456 1260 7 _ _ NNP 12456 1260 8 , , , 12456 1260 9 Halle Halle NNP 12456 1260 10 , , , 12456 1260 11 1883 1883 CD 12456 1260 12 ; ; : 12456 1260 13 Appel Appel NNP 12456 1260 14 , , , 12456 1260 15 _ _ NNP 12456 1260 16 Provenzalische Provenzalische NNP 12456 1260 17 Inedita Inedita NNP 12456 1260 18 _ _ NNP 12456 1260 19 , , , 12456 1260 20 Leipsic Leipsic NNP 12456 1260 21 , , , 12456 1260 22 1890 1890 CD 12456 1260 23 ; ; : 12456 1260 24 Chabaneau Chabaneau NNP 12456 1260 25 , , , 12456 1260 26 _ _ NNP 12456 1260 27 Poesies Poesies NNPS 12456 1260 28 inédites inédite VBZ 12456 1260 29 des des NNP 12456 1260 30 Troubadours Troubadours NNP 12456 1260 31 du du NNP 12456 1260 32 Perigord Perigord NNP 12456 1260 33 _ _ NNP 12456 1260 34 , , , 12456 1260 35 Paris Paris NNP 12456 1260 36 , , , 12456 1260 37 1885 1885 CD 12456 1260 38 ; ; : 12456 1260 39 P. P. NNP 12456 1260 40 Meyer Meyer NNP 12456 1260 41 , , , 12456 1260 42 _ _ NNP 12456 1260 43 Les Les NNP 12456 1260 44 derniers dernier NNS 12456 1260 45 troubadours troubadours VBP 12456 1260 46 de de NNP 12456 1260 47 Provence Provence NNP 12456 1260 48 _ _ NNP 12456 1260 49 , , , 12456 1260 50 Paris Paris NNP 12456 1260 51 , , , 12456 1260 52 1871 1871 CD 12456 1260 53 , , , 12456 1260 54 should should MD 12456 1260 55 be be VB 12456 1260 56 mentioned mention VBN 12456 1260 57 . . . 12456 1261 1 Most Most JJS 12456 1261 2 of of IN 12456 1261 3 the the DT 12456 1261 4 pieces piece NNS 12456 1261 5 in in IN 12456 1261 6 the the DT 12456 1261 7 _ _ NNP 12456 1261 8 Parnasse Parnasse NNP 12456 1261 9 Occitanien Occitanien NNP 12456 1261 10 _ _ NNP 12456 1261 11 , , , 12456 1261 12 Toulouse Toulouse NNP 12456 1261 13 , , , 12456 1261 14 1819 1819 CD 12456 1261 15 , , , 12456 1261 16 are be VBP 12456 1261 17 to to TO 12456 1261 18 be be VB 12456 1261 19 found find VBN 12456 1261 20 better well RBR 12456 1261 21 edited edit VBN 12456 1261 22 elsewhere elsewhere RB 12456 1261 23 . . . 12456 1262 1 Other other JJ 12456 1262 2 pieces piece NNS 12456 1262 3 are be VBP 12456 1262 4 to to TO 12456 1262 5 be be VB 12456 1262 6 found find VBN 12456 1262 7 in in IN 12456 1262 8 various various JJ 12456 1262 9 _ _ NNP 12456 1262 10 Festschriften Festschriften NNP 12456 1262 11 _ _ NNP 12456 1262 12 and and CC 12456 1262 13 occasional occasional JJ 12456 1262 14 or or CC 12456 1262 15 private private JJ 12456 1262 16 publications publication NNS 12456 1262 17 , , , 12456 1262 18 too too RB 12456 1262 19 numerous numerous JJ 12456 1262 20 to to TO 12456 1262 21 be be VB 12456 1262 22 detailed detail VBN 12456 1262 23 here here RB 12456 1262 24 . . . 12456 1263 1 C. C. NNP 12456 1263 2 Chabaneau Chabaneau NNP 12456 1263 3 , , , 12456 1263 4 _ _ NNP 12456 1263 5 Les Les NNP 12456 1263 6 biographies biographie VBZ 12456 1263 7 des des NNP 12456 1263 8 Troubadours Troubadours NNP 12456 1263 9 _ _ NNP 12456 1263 10 , , , 12456 1263 11 Toulouse Toulouse NNP 12456 1263 12 , , , 12456 1263 13 1885 1885 CD 12456 1263 14 ( ( -LRB- 12456 1263 15 part part NN 12456 1263 16 of of IN 12456 1263 17 the the DT 12456 1263 18 _ _ NNP 12456 1263 19 Histoire Histoire NNP 12456 1263 20 générale générale NN 12456 1263 21 de de FW 12456 1263 22 Languedoc Languedoc NNP 12456 1263 23 _ _ NNP 12456 1263 24 ) ) -RRB- 12456 1263 25 is be VBZ 12456 1263 26 full full JJ 12456 1263 27 of of IN 12456 1263 28 valuable valuable JJ 12456 1263 29 information information NN 12456 1263 30 . . . 12456 1264 1 The the DT 12456 1264 2 biographies biography NNS 12456 1264 3 have have VBP 12456 1264 4 been be VBN 12456 1264 5 translated translate VBN 12456 1264 6 by by IN 12456 1264 7 I. I. NNP 12456 1264 8 Farnell Farnell NNP 12456 1264 9 , , , 12456 1264 10 _ _ NNP 12456 1264 11 Lives live VBZ 12456 1264 12 of of IN 12456 1264 13 the the DT 12456 1264 14 Troubadours Troubadours NNP 12456 1264 15 _ _ NNP 12456 1264 16 , , , 12456 1264 17 London London NNP 12456 1264 18 , , , 12456 1264 19 1896 1896 CD 12456 1264 20 . . . 12456 1265 1 NOTES NOTES NNP 12456 1265 2 CHAPTER CHAPTER NNP 12456 1265 3 I -PRON- PRP 12456 1265 4 1 1 CD 12456 1265 5 . . . 12456 1266 1 See see VB 12456 1266 2 maps map NNS 12456 1266 3 at at IN 12456 1266 4 the the DT 12456 1266 5 end end NN 12456 1266 6 of of IN 12456 1266 7 Gröber Gröber NNP 12456 1266 8 's 's POS 12456 1266 9 _ _ NNP 12456 1266 10 Grundriss Grundriss NNP 12456 1266 11 _ _ NNP 12456 1266 12 , , , 12456 1266 13 vol vol NNP 12456 1266 14 . . . 12456 1267 1 i. i. NNP 12456 1268 1 2 2 LS 12456 1268 2 . . . 12456 1269 1 _ _ NNP 12456 1269 2 De De NNP 12456 1269 3 Vulg Vulg NNP 12456 1269 4 . . . 12456 1270 1 El El NNP 12456 1270 2 . . NNP 12456 1270 3 _ _ NNP 12456 1270 4 I. I. NNP 12456 1270 5 , , , 12456 1270 6 8 8 CD 12456 1270 7 : : : 12456 1270 8 alii alii NNP 12456 1270 9 oc oc NNP 12456 1270 10 , , , 12456 1270 11 alii alii NNP 12456 1270 12 oïl oïl NNP 12456 1270 13 , , , 12456 1270 14 alii alii NNP 12456 1270 15 si si NNP 12456 1270 16 affirmando affirmando NNP 12456 1270 17 loquuntur loquuntur NNP 12456 1270 18 , , , 12456 1270 19 and and CC 12456 1270 20 _ _ NNP 12456 1270 21 Vita Vita NNP 12456 1270 22 Nuova Nuova NNP 12456 1270 23 _ _ NNP 12456 1270 24 , , , 12456 1270 25 xxv xxv NNP 12456 1270 26 . . . 12456 1271 1 Dante Dante NNP 12456 1271 2 also also RB 12456 1271 3 knew know VBD 12456 1271 4 the the DT 12456 1271 5 term term NN 12456 1271 6 provincialis provincialis NN 12456 1271 7 . . . 12456 1272 1 3 3 LS 12456 1272 2 . . . 12456 1273 1 Boethius Boethius NNP 12456 1273 2 . . . 12456 1274 1 F. F. NNP 12456 1274 2 Hündgen Hündgen NNP 12456 1274 3 , , , 12456 1274 4 Oppeln Oppeln NNP 12456 1274 5 , , , 12456 1274 6 1884 1884 CD 12456 1274 7 . . . 12456 1275 1 For for IN 12456 1275 2 Sainte Sainte NNP 12456 1275 3 Foy Foy NNP 12456 1275 4 d'Agen d'Agen NNP 12456 1275 5 , , , 12456 1275 6 see see VB 12456 1275 7 _ _ NNP 12456 1275 8 Romania Romania NNP 12456 1275 9 _ _ NNP 12456 1275 10 xxxi xxxi NNP 12456 1275 11 . . . 12456 1275 12 , , , 12456 1275 13 p p NNP 12456 1275 14 , , , 12456 1275 15 177 177 CD 12456 1275 16 ff ff NNS 12456 1275 17 . . . 12456 1276 1 4 4 LS 12456 1276 2 . . . 12456 1277 1 P. P. NNP 12456 1277 2 Meyer Meyer NNP 12456 1277 3 in in IN 12456 1277 4 _ _ NNP 12456 1277 5 Romania Romania NNP 12456 1277 6 _ _ NNP 12456 1277 7 v. v. IN 12456 1277 8 , , , 12456 1277 9 p. p. NN 12456 1277 10 257 257 CD 12456 1277 11 . . . 12456 1278 1 Bédier Bédier NNP 12456 1278 2 , , , 12456 1278 3 _ _ NNP 12456 1278 4 Les Les NNP 12456 1278 5 chansons chanson NNS 12456 1278 6 de de IN 12456 1278 7 Croisade Croisade NNP 12456 1278 8 _ _ NNP 12456 1278 9 , , , 12456 1278 10 Paris Paris NNP 12456 1278 11 , , , 12456 1278 12 1909 1909 CD 12456 1278 13 , , , 12456 1278 14 p. p. NN 12456 1278 15 16 16 CD 12456 1278 16 . . . 12456 1279 1 5 5 CD 12456 1279 2 . . . 12456 1280 1 See see VB 12456 1280 2 P. P. NNP 12456 1280 3 Maus Maus NNP 12456 1280 4 , , , 12456 1280 5 _ _ NNP 12456 1280 6 Peire Peire NNP 12456 1280 7 Cardenals Cardenals NNP 12456 1280 8 Strophenbau Strophenbau NNP 12456 1280 9 _ _ NNP 12456 1280 10 , , , 12456 1280 11 Marburg Marburg NNP 12456 1280 12 , , , 12456 1280 13 1884 1884 CD 12456 1280 14 . . . 12456 1281 1 6 6 CD 12456 1281 2 . . . 12456 1282 1 See see VB 12456 1282 2 Jeanroy Jeanroy NNP 12456 1282 3 , , , 12456 1282 4 Origines Origines NNP 12456 1282 5 , , , 12456 1282 6 etc etc FW 12456 1282 7 . . . 12456 1283 1 CHAPTER CHAPTER NNP 12456 1283 2 II II NNP 12456 1283 3 7 7 CD 12456 1283 4 . . . 12456 1284 1 Provençal Provençal NNP 12456 1284 2 has have VBZ 12456 1284 3 also also RB 12456 1284 4 the the DT 12456 1284 5 feminine feminine JJ 12456 1284 6 _ _ NNP 12456 1284 7 joia joia NNP 12456 1284 8 _ _ NNP 12456 1284 9 with with IN 12456 1284 10 the the DT 12456 1284 11 general general JJ 12456 1284 12 meaning meaning NN 12456 1284 13 of of IN 12456 1284 14 " " `` 12456 1284 15 delight delight NN 12456 1284 16 . . . 12456 1284 17 " " '' 12456 1285 1 8 8 LS 12456 1285 2 . . . 12456 1286 1 See see VB 12456 1286 2 Stimming Stimming NNP 12456 1286 3 's 's POS 12456 1286 4 article article NN 12456 1286 5 in in IN 12456 1286 6 Gröber Gröber NNP 12456 1286 7 's 's POS 12456 1286 8 _ _ NNP 12456 1286 9 Grundriss Grundriss NNP 12456 1286 10 _ _ NNP 12456 1286 11 . . . 12456 1287 1 9 9 CD 12456 1287 2 . . . 12456 1288 1 Raynouard raynouard NN 12456 1288 2 , , , 12456 1288 3 _ _ NNP 12456 1288 4 Les Les NNP 12456 1288 5 Troubadours Troubadours NNP 12456 1288 6 et et NN 12456 1288 7 les les FW 12456 1288 8 Cours Cours NNP 12456 1288 9 d'Amour d'Amour NNP 12456 1288 10 _ _ NNP 12456 1288 11 , , , 12456 1288 12 Paris Paris NNP 12456 1288 13 , , , 12456 1288 14 1817 1817 CD 12456 1288 15 ; ; : 12456 1288 16 see see VB 12456 1288 17 also also RB 12456 1288 18 Diez Diez NNP 12456 1288 19 , , , 12456 1288 20 _ _ NNP 12456 1288 21 Über Über NNP 12456 1288 22 die die VBP 12456 1288 23 Minnehöfe Minnehöfe NNP 12456 1288 24 _ _ NNP 12456 1288 25 , , , 12456 1288 26 Berlin Berlin NNP 12456 1288 27 , , , 12456 1288 28 1825 1825 CD 12456 1288 29 . . . 12456 1289 1 Pio Pio NNP 12456 1289 2 Rajna Rajna NNP 12456 1289 3 , , , 12456 1289 4 _ _ NNP 12456 1289 5 Le Le NNP 12456 1289 6 Corti Corti NNP 12456 1289 7 d'Amore d'Amore NNP 12456 1289 8 _ _ NNP 12456 1289 9 , , , 12456 1289 10 Milan Milan NNP 12456 1289 11 , , , 12456 1289 12 1890 1890 CD 12456 1289 13 . . . 12456 1290 1 10 10 CD 12456 1290 2 . . . 12456 1291 1 _ _ NNP 12456 1291 2 Annales Annales NNP 12456 1291 3 du du NNP 12456 1291 4 Midi Midi NNP 12456 1291 5 _ _ NNP 12456 1291 6 , , , 12456 1291 7 xix xix NNP 12456 1291 8 . . . 12456 1292 1 p. p. NN 12456 1292 2 364 364 CD 12456 1292 3 . . . 12456 1293 1 11 11 CD 12456 1293 2 . . . 12456 1294 1 _ _ NNP 12456 1294 2 Die Die NNP 12456 1294 3 provenzalische provenzalische NNP 12456 1294 4 Tenzone Tenzone NNP 12456 1294 5 _ _ NNP 12456 1294 6 , , , 12456 1294 7 R. R. NNP 12456 1294 8 Zenker Zenker NNP 12456 1294 9 , , , 12456 1294 10 Leipsic Leipsic NNP 12456 1294 11 , , , 12456 1294 12 1888 1888 CD 12456 1294 13 . . . 12456 1295 1 CHAPTER CHAPTER NNP 12456 1295 2 III III NNP 12456 1295 3 12 12 CD 12456 1295 4 . . . 12456 1296 1 Girart Girart NNP 12456 1296 2 de de FW 12456 1296 3 Roussillon Roussillon NNP 12456 1296 4 , , , 12456 1296 5 translation translation NN 12456 1296 6 by by IN 12456 1296 7 P. P. NNP 12456 1296 8 Meyer Meyer NNP 12456 1296 9 , , , 12456 1296 10 Paris Paris NNP 12456 1296 11 , , , 12456 1296 12 1884 1884 CD 12456 1296 13 : : : 12456 1296 14 see see VB 12456 1296 15 also also RB 12456 1296 16 _ _ NNP 12456 1296 17 Romania Romania NNP 12456 1296 18 _ _ NNP 12456 1296 19 , , , 12456 1296 20 vii vii NN 12456 1296 21 . . . 12456 1297 1 Diplomatic diplomatic JJ 12456 1297 2 copies copy NNS 12456 1297 3 of of IN 12456 1297 4 the the DT 12456 1297 5 MSS MSS NNP 12456 1297 6 . . . 12456 1298 1 in in IN 12456 1298 2 _ _ NNP 12456 1298 3 Romanische Romanische NNP 12456 1298 4 Studien Studien NNP 12456 1298 5 _ _ NNP 12456 1298 6 V. V. NNP 12456 1298 7 _ _ NNP 12456 1298 8 Le Le NNP 12456 1298 9 Roman Roman NNP 12456 1298 10 de de NNP 12456 1298 11 Flamenca Flamenca NNP 12456 1298 12 _ _ NNP 12456 1298 13 , , , 12456 1298 14 P. P. NNP 12456 1298 15 Meyer Meyer NNP 12456 1298 16 , , , 12456 1298 17 Paris Paris NNP 12456 1298 18 , , , 12456 1298 19 1901 1901 CD 12456 1298 20 . . . 12456 1299 1 13 13 CD 12456 1299 2 . . . 12456 1300 1 J. J. NNP 12456 1301 1 B. B. NNP 12456 1301 2 Beck Beck NNP 12456 1301 3 , , , 12456 1301 4 _ _ NNP 12456 1301 5 Die Die NNP 12456 1301 6 Melodien Melodien NNP 12456 1301 7 der der NN 12456 1301 8 Troubadours Troubadours NNP 12456 1301 9 _ _ NNP 12456 1301 10 , , , 12456 1301 11 Strasburg Strasburg NNP 12456 1301 12 , , , 12456 1301 13 1908 1908 CD 12456 1301 14 . . . 12456 1302 1 _ _ NNP 12456 1302 2 La La NNP 12456 1302 3 Musique Musique NNP 12456 1302 4 des des FW 12456 1302 5 Troubadours Troubadours NNP 12456 1302 6 _ _ NNP 12456 1302 7 , , , 12456 1302 8 Paris Paris NNP 12456 1302 9 , , , 12456 1302 10 1910 1910 CD 12456 1302 11 , , , 12456 1302 12 by by IN 12456 1302 13 the the DT 12456 1302 14 same same JJ 12456 1302 15 author author NN 12456 1302 16 , , , 12456 1302 17 who who WP 12456 1302 18 there there RB 12456 1302 19 promised promise VBD 12456 1302 20 a a DT 12456 1302 21 selection selection NN 12456 1302 22 of of IN 12456 1302 23 songs song NNS 12456 1302 24 harmonized harmonize VBN 12456 1302 25 for for IN 12456 1302 26 performance performance NN 12456 1302 27 : : : 12456 1302 28 this this DT 12456 1302 29 has have VBZ 12456 1302 30 not not RB 12456 1302 31 yet yet RB 12456 1302 32 appeared appear VBN 12456 1302 33 . . . 12456 1303 1 See see VB 12456 1303 2 also also RB 12456 1303 3 _ _ NNP 12456 1303 4 Quatre Quatre NNP 12456 1303 5 poésies poésie NNS 12456 1303 6 de de IN 12456 1303 7 Marcabrun Marcabrun NNP 12456 1303 8 _ _ NNP 12456 1303 9 , , , 12456 1303 10 Jeanroy Jeanroy NNP 12456 1303 11 , , , 12456 1303 12 Dejeanne Dejeanne NNP 12456 1303 13 and and CC 12456 1303 14 Aubry Aubry NNP 12456 1303 15 , , , 12456 1303 16 Paris Paris NNP 12456 1303 17 , , , 12456 1303 18 1904 1904 CD 12456 1303 19 , , , 12456 1303 20 with with IN 12456 1303 21 texts text NNS 12456 1303 22 , , , 12456 1303 23 music music NN 12456 1303 24 , , , 12456 1303 25 and and CC 12456 1303 26 translations translation NNS 12456 1303 27 . . . 12456 1304 1 14 14 CD 12456 1304 2 . . . 12456 1305 1 Schindler Schindler NNP 12456 1305 2 , , , 12456 1305 3 _ _ NNP 12456 1305 4 Die Die NNP 12456 1305 5 Kreuzzüge Kreuzzüge NNP 12456 1305 6 in in IN 12456 1305 7 der der NNP 12456 1305 8 altprovenzalischen altprovenzalischen NNP 12456 1305 9 und und NNP 12456 1305 10 mittelhochdeutschen mittelhochdeutschen NNP 12456 1305 11 lyrik lyrik NNP 12456 1305 12 . . . 12456 1305 13 _ _ NNP 12456 1305 14 , , , 12456 1305 15 Dresden Dresden NNP 12456 1305 16 , , , 12456 1305 17 1889 1889 CD 12456 1305 18 . . . 12456 1306 1 K. K. NNP 12456 1306 2 Lewent Lewent NNP 12456 1306 3 , , , 12456 1306 4 _ _ NNP 12456 1306 5 Das Das NNP 12456 1306 6 altprovenzalische altprovenzalische NNP 12456 1306 7 Kreuzlied Kreuzlied NNP 12456 1306 8 _ _ NNP 12456 1306 9 , , , 12456 1306 10 Berlin Berlin NNP 12456 1306 11 , , , 12456 1306 12 1905 1905 CD 12456 1306 13 . . . 12456 1307 1 15 15 CD 12456 1307 2 . . . 12456 1308 1 A. A. NNP 12456 1308 2 Pillet Pillet NNP 12456 1308 3 , , , 12456 1308 4 _ _ NNP 12456 1308 5 Studien Studien NNP 12456 1308 6 zur zur NNP 12456 1308 7 Pastourelle Pastourelle NNP 12456 1308 8 _ _ NNP 12456 1308 9 , , , 12456 1308 10 Breslau Breslau NNP 12456 1308 11 , , , 12456 1308 12 1902 1902 CD 12456 1308 13 . . . 12456 1309 1 Römer Römer NNP 12456 1309 2 , , , 12456 1309 3 _ _ NNP 12456 1309 4 Die Die NNP 12456 1309 5 volkstümlichen volkstümlichen NN 12456 1309 6 Dichtungsarten Dichtungsarten NNP 12456 1309 7 der der RB 12456 1309 8 altprovenzalischen altprovenzalischen RB 12456 1309 9 Lyrik Lyrik NNP 12456 1309 10 _ _ NNP 12456 1309 11 , , , 12456 1309 12 Marburg Marburg NNP 12456 1309 13 , , , 12456 1309 14 1884 1884 CD 12456 1309 15 . . . 12456 1310 1 16 16 CD 12456 1310 2 . . . 12456 1311 1 _ _ NNP 12456 1311 2 Quae Quae NNP 12456 1311 3 judicia judicia NNP 12456 1311 4 de de FW 12456 1311 5 litteris litteris NNP 12456 1311 6 fecerint fecerint VBP 12456 1311 7 Provinciales Provinciales NNP 12456 1311 8 _ _ NNP 12456 1311 9 . . . 12456 1312 1 P. P. NNP 12456 1312 2 Andraud Andraud NNP 12456 1312 3 , , , 12456 1312 4 Paris Paris NNP 12456 1312 5 , , , 12456 1312 6 1902 1902 CD 12456 1312 7 . . . 12456 1313 1 17 17 CD 12456 1313 2 . . . 12456 1314 1 From from IN 12456 1314 2 _ _ NNP 12456 1314 3 Si'm si'm NN 12456 1314 4 sentis sentis NN 12456 1314 5 fizels fizels NNP 12456 1314 6 amics amics NNPS 12456 1314 7 _ _ NNP 12456 1314 8 , , , 12456 1314 9 quoted quote VBN 12456 1314 10 by by IN 12456 1314 11 Dante Dante NNP 12456 1314 12 , , , 12456 1314 13 _ _ NNP 12456 1314 14 De De NNP 12456 1314 15 Vulg Vulg NNP 12456 1314 16 . . . 12456 1315 1 El El NNP 12456 1315 2 . . NNP 12456 1315 3 _ _ NNP 12456 1315 4 i. i. NNP 12456 1316 1 9 9 CD 12456 1316 2 . . . 12456 1317 1 CHAPTER CHAPTER NNP 12456 1317 2 IV IV NNP 12456 1317 3 18 18 CD 12456 1317 4 . . . 12456 1318 1 " " `` 12456 1318 2 Paubre Paubre NNP 12456 1318 3 motz motz NNP 12456 1318 4 " " '' 12456 1318 5 ; ; , 12456 1318 6 also also RB 12456 1318 7 interpreted interpret VBN 12456 1318 8 as as IN 12456 1318 9 " " `` 12456 1318 10 scanty scanty NN 12456 1318 11 words word NNS 12456 1318 12 , , , 12456 1318 13 " " '' 12456 1318 14 i.e. i.e. FW 12456 1319 1 poems poem NNS 12456 1319 2 with with IN 12456 1319 3 short short JJ 12456 1319 4 lines line NNS 12456 1319 5 . . . 12456 1320 1 On on IN 12456 1320 2 Jaufre Jaufre NNP 12456 1320 3 Rudel Rudel NNP 12456 1320 4 in in IN 12456 1320 5 literature literature NN 12456 1320 6 , , , 12456 1320 7 see see VB 12456 1320 8 a a DT 12456 1320 9 lecture lecture NN 12456 1320 10 by by IN 12456 1320 11 Carducci Carducci NNP 12456 1320 12 , , , 12456 1320 13 Bologna Bologna VBZ 12456 1320 14 1888 1888 CD 12456 1320 15 . . . 12456 1321 1 The the DT 12456 1321 2 latest late JJS 12456 1321 3 theory theory NN 12456 1321 4 of of IN 12456 1321 5 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 1321 6 mysterious mysterious JJ 12456 1321 7 love love NN 12456 1321 8 is be VBZ 12456 1321 9 that that IN 12456 1321 10 she -PRON- PRP 12456 1321 11 was be VBD 12456 1321 12 the the DT 12456 1321 13 Virgin Virgin NNP 12456 1321 14 Mary Mary NNP 12456 1321 15 ; ; : 12456 1321 16 see see VB 12456 1321 17 C. C. NNP 12456 1321 18 Appel Appel NNP 12456 1321 19 , , , 12456 1321 20 _ _ NNP 12456 1321 21 Archiv Archiv NNP 12456 1321 22 für für NN 12456 1321 23 das das NNP 12456 1321 24 Studium Studium NNP 12456 1321 25 der der NN 12456 1321 26 neueren neueren NNP 12456 1321 27 Sprachen Sprachen NNP 12456 1321 28 _ _ NNP 12456 1321 29 , , , 12456 1321 30 cvii cvii NN 12456 1321 31 . . . 12456 1322 1 3 3 CD 12456 1322 2 - - SYM 12456 1322 3 4 4 CD 12456 1322 4 . . . 12456 1323 1 19 19 CD 12456 1323 2 . . . 12456 1324 1 Mahn Mahn NNP 12456 1324 2 , , , 12456 1324 3 _ _ NNP 12456 1324 4 Gedichte Gedichte NNP 12456 1324 5 _ _ NNP 12456 1324 6 , , , 12456 1324 7 no no UH 12456 1324 8 . . . 12456 1325 1 707 707 CD 12456 1325 2 . . . 12456 1326 1 An an DT 12456 1326 2 edition edition NN 12456 1326 3 of of IN 12456 1326 4 Bernard Bernard NNP 12456 1326 5 de de NNP 12456 1326 6 Ventadour Ventadour NNP 12456 1326 7 's 's POS 12456 1326 8 poems poem NNS 12456 1326 9 is be VBZ 12456 1326 10 in in IN 12456 1326 11 preparation preparation NN 12456 1326 12 by by IN 12456 1326 13 Prof. Prof. NNP 12456 1326 14 Appel Appel NNP 12456 1326 15 . . . 12456 1327 1 20 20 CD 12456 1327 2 . . . 12456 1328 1 _ _ NNP 12456 1328 2 Cp Cp NNP 12456 1328 3 . . . 12456 1328 4 _ _ NNP 12456 1328 5 Dante Dante NNP 12456 1328 6 , , , 12456 1328 7 _ _ NNP 12456 1328 8 Par Par NNP 12456 1328 9 . . . 12456 1328 10 _ _ NNP 12456 1328 11 xx xx NNP 12456 1328 12 . . . 12456 1329 1 73 73 CD 12456 1329 2 . . . 12456 1330 1 CHAPTER CHAPTER NNP 12456 1330 2 V V NNP 12456 1330 3 21 21 CD 12456 1330 4 . . . 12456 1331 1 Dante Dante NNP 12456 1331 2 , , , 12456 1331 3 _ _ NNP 12456 1331 4 De De NNP 12456 1331 5 Vulg Vulg NNP 12456 1331 6 . . . 12456 1332 1 El El NNP 12456 1332 2 . . NNP 12456 1332 3 _ _ NNP 12456 1332 4 ii ii NNP 12456 1332 5 . . . 12456 1333 1 2 2 LS 12456 1333 2 . . . 12456 1334 1 22 22 CD 12456 1334 2 . . . 12456 1335 1 " " `` 12456 1335 2 Il Il NNP 12456 1335 3 Provenzale Provenzale NNP 12456 1335 4 , , , 12456 1335 5 " " `` 12456 1335 6 _ _ NNP 12456 1335 7 Conv Conv NNP 12456 1335 8 . . . 12456 1335 9 _ _ NNP 12456 1335 10 iv iv NNP 12456 1335 11 . . . 12456 1336 1 11 11 CD 12456 1336 2 . . . 12456 1337 1 23 23 CD 12456 1337 2 . . . 12456 1338 1 _ _ NNP 12456 1338 2 Purg Purg NNP 12456 1338 3 . . . 12456 1338 4 _ _ NNP 12456 1338 5 xxvi xxvi NNP 12456 1338 6 . . . 12456 1339 1 24 24 CD 12456 1339 2 . . . 12456 1340 1 On on IN 12456 1340 2 his -PRON- PRP$ 12456 1340 3 family family NN 12456 1340 4 see see VB 12456 1340 5 Stronski Stronski NNP 12456 1340 6 , , , 12456 1340 7 _ _ NNP 12456 1340 8 Folquet Folquet NNP 12456 1340 9 de de NNP 12456 1340 10 Marseille Marseille NNP 12456 1340 11 _ _ NNP 12456 1340 12 , , , 12456 1340 13 p. p. NN 12456 1340 14 15 15 CD 12456 1340 15 and and CC 12456 1340 16 159 159 CD 12456 1340 17 - - SYM 12456 1340 18 172 172 CD 12456 1340 19 . . . 12456 1341 1 25 25 CD 12456 1341 2 . . . 12456 1342 1 See see VB 12456 1342 2 G. G. NNP 12456 1342 3 Paris Paris NNP 12456 1342 4 , , , 12456 1342 5 _ _ NNP 12456 1342 6 La La NNP 12456 1342 7 Littérature Littérature NNP 12456 1342 8 française française NN 12456 1342 9 au au NNP 12456 1342 10 moyen moyen NNP 12456 1342 11 âge âge NNP 12456 1342 12 _ _ NNP 12456 1342 13 , , , 12456 1342 14 § § CD 12456 1342 15 128 128 CD 12456 1342 16 . . . 12456 1343 1 CHAPTER CHAPTER NNP 12456 1343 2 VI VI NNP 12456 1343 3 26 26 CD 12456 1343 4 . . . 12456 1344 1 The the DT 12456 1344 2 best good JJS 12456 1344 3 short short JJ 12456 1344 4 account account NN 12456 1344 5 of of IN 12456 1344 6 the the DT 12456 1344 7 Albigenses albigense NNS 12456 1344 8 is be VBZ 12456 1344 9 to to TO 12456 1344 10 be be VB 12456 1344 11 found find VBN 12456 1344 12 in in IN 12456 1344 13 vol vol NNP 12456 1344 14 . . . 12456 1345 1 i. i. NNP 12456 1345 2 of of IN 12456 1345 3 H.C. H.C. NNP 12456 1345 4 Lea Lea NNP 12456 1345 5 's 's POS 12456 1345 6 _ _ NNP 12456 1345 7 Histoire Histoire NNP 12456 1345 8 de de IN 12456 1345 9 L'Inquisition L'Inquisition NNP 12456 1345 10 au au NNP 12456 1345 11 moyen moyen NNP 12456 1345 12 âge âge NNP 12456 1345 13 _ _ NNP 12456 1345 14 , , , 12456 1345 15 Paris Paris NNP 12456 1345 16 , , , 12456 1345 17 1903 1903 CD 12456 1345 18 . . . 12456 1346 1 This this DT 12456 1346 2 , , , 12456 1346 3 the the DT 12456 1346 4 French french JJ 12456 1346 5 translation translation NN 12456 1346 6 , , , 12456 1346 7 is be VBZ 12456 1346 8 superior superior JJ 12456 1346 9 to to IN 12456 1346 10 the the DT 12456 1346 11 English English NNP 12456 1346 12 edition edition NN 12456 1346 13 as as IN 12456 1346 14 it -PRON- PRP 12456 1346 15 contains contain VBZ 12456 1346 16 the the DT 12456 1346 17 author author NN 12456 1346 18 's 's POS 12456 1346 19 last last JJ 12456 1346 20 corrections correction NNS 12456 1346 21 , , , 12456 1346 22 and and CC 12456 1346 23 a a DT 12456 1346 24 number number NN 12456 1346 25 of of IN 12456 1346 26 bibliographical bibliographical JJ 12456 1346 27 notes note NNS 12456 1346 28 . . . 12456 1347 1 The the DT 12456 1347 2 Adoptionist Adoptionist NNP 12456 1347 3 theory theory NN 12456 1347 4 is be VBZ 12456 1347 5 stated state VBN 12456 1347 6 in in IN 12456 1347 7 the the DT 12456 1347 8 introduction introduction NN 12456 1347 9 to to IN 12456 1347 10 F.C. F.C. NNP 12456 1348 1 Conybeare Conybeare NNP 12456 1348 2 's 's POS 12456 1348 3 _ _ NNP 12456 1348 4 Key Key NNP 12456 1348 5 of of IN 12456 1348 6 Truth Truth NNP 12456 1348 7 _ _ NNP 12456 1348 8 , , , 12456 1348 9 Oxford Oxford NNP 12456 1348 10 , , , 12456 1348 11 1908 1908 CD 12456 1348 12 . . . 12456 1349 1 The the DT 12456 1349 2 _ _ NNP 12456 1349 3 Chanson Chanson NNP 12456 1349 4 de de NNP 12456 1349 5 la la NNP 12456 1349 6 Croisade Croisade NNP 12456 1349 7 Albigeoise Albigeoise NNP 12456 1349 8 _ _ NNP 12456 1349 9 , , , 12456 1349 10 P. P. NNP 12456 1349 11 Meyer Meyer NNP 12456 1349 12 , , , 12456 1349 13 Paris Paris NNP 12456 1349 14 , , , 12456 1349 15 1875 1875 CD 12456 1349 16 , , , 12456 1349 17 2 2 CD 12456 1349 18 vols vol NNS 12456 1349 19 . . . 12456 1349 20 , , , 12456 1349 21 is be VBZ 12456 1349 22 indispensable indispensable JJ 12456 1349 23 to to IN 12456 1349 24 students student NNS 12456 1349 25 of of IN 12456 1349 26 the the DT 12456 1349 27 subject subject NN 12456 1349 28 . . . 12456 1350 1 In in IN 12456 1350 2 these these DT 12456 1350 3 works work NNS 12456 1350 4 will will MD 12456 1350 5 be be VB 12456 1350 6 found find VBN 12456 1350 7 much much JJ 12456 1350 8 of of IN 12456 1350 9 the the DT 12456 1350 10 extensive extensive JJ 12456 1350 11 bibliography bibliography NN 12456 1350 12 of of IN 12456 1350 13 the the DT 12456 1350 14 heresy heresy NN 12456 1350 15 and and CC 12456 1350 16 crusade crusade NN 12456 1350 17 . . . 12456 1351 1 27 27 CD 12456 1351 2 . . . 12456 1352 1 Eckbertus Eckbertus NNP 12456 1352 2 , , , 12456 1352 3 _ _ NNP 12456 1352 4 Serm Serm NNP 12456 1352 5 . . . 12456 1353 1 adv adv NNP 12456 1353 2 . . . 12456 1354 1 Catharos Catharos NNP 12456 1354 2 , , , 12456 1354 3 Migne Migne NNP 12456 1354 4 , , , 12456 1354 5 Patr Patr NNP 12456 1354 6 . . . 12456 1355 1 Lat Lat NNP 12456 1355 2 . . . 12456 1355 3 _ _ NNP 12456 1355 4 , , , 12456 1355 5 tom tom NNP 12456 1355 6 . . . 12456 1356 1 193 193 CD 12456 1356 2 . . . 12456 1356 3 p. p. NN 12456 1356 4 73 73 CD 12456 1356 5 . . . 12456 1357 1 28 28 CD 12456 1357 2 . . . 12456 1358 1 _ _ NNP 12456 1358 2 Cf Cf NNP 12456 1358 3 . . . 12456 1358 4 _ _ NNP 12456 1358 5 Milman Milman NNP 12456 1358 6 , , , 12456 1358 7 _ _ NNP 12456 1358 8 Latin Latin NNP 12456 1358 9 Christianity Christianity NNP 12456 1358 10 _ _ NNP 12456 1358 11 , , , 12456 1358 12 Book Book NNP 12456 1358 13 IX IX NNP 12456 1358 14 . . . 12456 1359 1 chap chap NNP 12456 1359 2 . . . 12456 1360 1 viii viii RB 12456 1360 2 . . . 12456 1361 1 p. p. NN 12456 1361 2 85 85 CD 12456 1361 3 . . . 12456 1362 1 29 29 CD 12456 1362 2 . . . 12456 1363 1 On on IN 12456 1363 2 religious religious JJ 12456 1363 3 lyric lyric NN 12456 1363 4 poetry poetry NN 12456 1363 5 , , , 12456 1363 6 see see VB 12456 1363 7 Lowinsky Lowinsky NNP 12456 1363 8 , , , 12456 1363 9 _ _ NNP 12456 1363 10 Zeitschrift Zeitschrift NNP 12456 1363 11 für für NN 12456 1363 12 französische französische NN 12456 1363 13 Sprache Sprache NNP 12456 1363 14 und und NNP 12456 1363 15 Litteratur Litteratur NNP 12456 1363 16 _ _ NNP 12456 1363 17 , , , 12456 1363 18 xx xx NNP 12456 1363 19 . . . 12456 1364 1 p. p. NN 12456 1364 2 163 163 CD 12456 1364 3 ff ff NNP 12456 1364 4 . . NNP 12456 1364 5 , , , 12456 1364 6 and and CC 12456 1364 7 the the DT 12456 1364 8 bibliographical bibliographical JJ 12456 1364 9 note note NN 12456 1364 10 to to IN 12456 1364 11 Stimming Stimming NNP 12456 1364 12 's 's POS 12456 1364 13 article article NN 12456 1364 14 in in IN 12456 1364 15 Gröber Gröber NNP 12456 1364 16 's 's POS 12456 1364 17 _ _ NNP 12456 1364 18 Grundriss Grundriss NNP 12456 1364 19 _ _ NNP 12456 1364 20 , , , 12456 1364 21 vol vol NNP 12456 1364 22 . . . 12456 1365 1 ii ii LS 12456 1365 2 . . . 12456 1366 1 part part NNP 12456 1366 2 ii ii NNP 12456 1366 3 . . . 12456 1367 1 § § ADD 12456 1367 2 32 32 CD 12456 1367 3 . . . 12456 1368 1 CHAPTER chapter NN 12456 1368 2 VII vii NN 12456 1368 3 Most Most JJS 12456 1368 4 histories history NNS 12456 1368 5 of of IN 12456 1368 6 Italian italian JJ 12456 1368 7 literature literature NN 12456 1368 8 deal deal NN 12456 1368 9 with with IN 12456 1368 10 this this DT 12456 1368 11 subject subject NN 12456 1368 12 . . . 12456 1369 1 See see VB 12456 1369 2 Gaspary Gaspary NNP 12456 1369 3 's 's POS 12456 1369 4 _ _ NNP 12456 1369 5 Italian Italian NNP 12456 1369 6 Literature Literature NNP 12456 1369 7 to to IN 12456 1369 8 the the DT 12456 1369 9 death death NN 12456 1369 10 of of IN 12456 1369 11 Dante Dante NNP 12456 1369 12 _ _ NNP 12456 1369 13 : : : 12456 1369 14 H. H. NNP 12456 1369 15 Oelsner Oelsner NNP 12456 1369 16 , , , 12456 1369 17 Bohn Bohn NNP 12456 1369 18 's 's POS 12456 1369 19 Libraries library NNS 12456 1369 20 . . . 12456 1370 1 See see VB 12456 1370 2 also also RB 12456 1370 3 the the DT 12456 1370 4 chapter chapter NN 12456 1370 5 , , , 12456 1370 6 _ _ NNP 12456 1370 7 La La NNP 12456 1370 8 poésie poésie NN 12456 1370 9 française française NN 12456 1370 10 en en IN 12456 1370 11 Italie Italie NNP 12456 1370 12 _ _ NNP 12456 1370 13 in in IN 12456 1370 14 Jeanroy Jeanroy NNP 12456 1370 15 's 's POS 12456 1370 16 _ _ NNP 12456 1370 17 Origines Origines NNP 12456 1370 18 _ _ NNP 12456 1370 19 . . . 12456 1371 1 For for IN 12456 1371 2 Dante Dante NNP 12456 1371 3 , , , 12456 1371 4 see see VB 12456 1371 5 _ _ NNP 12456 1371 6 Storia Storia NNP 12456 1371 7 letteraria letteraria NN 12456 1371 8 d'Italia d'Italia NNP 12456 1371 9 , , , 12456 1371 10 scritta scritta NNP 12456 1371 11 di di NNP 12456 1371 12 una una NNP 12456 1371 13 società società VBD 12456 1371 14 di di FW 12456 1371 15 professori professori FW 12456 1371 16 _ _ NNP 12456 1371 17 , , , 12456 1371 18 Milan Milan NNP 12456 1371 19 , , , 12456 1371 20 vol vol NNP 12456 1371 21 . . . 12456 1372 1 iii iii NNP 12456 1372 2 . . NNP 12456 1372 3 , , , 12456 1372 4 Dante Dante NNP 12456 1372 5 , , , 12456 1372 6 by by IN 12456 1372 7 Zingarelli Zingarelli NNP 12456 1372 8 . . . 12456 1373 1 _ _ NNP 12456 1373 2 The the DT 12456 1373 3 Troubadours Troubadours NNP 12456 1373 4 of of IN 12456 1373 5 Dante Dante NNP 12456 1373 6 _ _ NNP 12456 1373 7 , , , 12456 1373 8 Chaytor Chaytor NNP 12456 1373 9 , , , 12456 1373 10 Oxford Oxford NNP 12456 1373 11 , , , 12456 1373 12 1902 1902 CD 12456 1373 13 . . . 12456 1374 1 Useful useful JJ 12456 1374 2 are be VBP 12456 1374 3 A. a. NN 12456 1374 4 Thomas Thomas NNP 12456 1374 5 , , , 12456 1374 6 _ _ NNP 12456 1374 7 Francesco Francesco NNP 12456 1374 8 da da NNP 12456 1374 9 Barberino Barberino NNP 12456 1374 10 et et FW 12456 1374 11 la la FW 12456 1374 12 littérature littérature VBP 12456 1374 13 provençale provençale NNP 12456 1374 14 en en IN 12456 1374 15 Italie Italie NNP 12456 1374 16 au au NNP 12456 1374 17 moyen moyen NN 12456 1374 18 âge âge NNP 12456 1374 19 _ _ NNP 12456 1374 20 , , , 12456 1374 21 Paris Paris NNP 12456 1374 22 , , , 12456 1374 23 1883 1883 CD 12456 1374 24 . . . 12456 1375 1 O. O. NNP 12456 1375 2 Schultz Schultz NNP 12456 1375 3 , , , 12456 1375 4 _ _ NNP 12456 1375 5 Die Die NNP 12456 1375 6 Lebensverhältnisse Lebensverhältnisse NNP 12456 1375 7 der der NN 12456 1375 8 Italienischen Italienischen NNP 12456 1375 9 Trobadors Trobadors NNP 12456 1375 10 _ _ NNP 12456 1375 11 , , , 12456 1375 12 Berlin Berlin NNP 12456 1375 13 , , , 12456 1375 14 1883 1883 CD 12456 1375 15 . . . 12456 1376 1 30 30 CD 12456 1376 2 . . . 12456 1377 1 Schultz Schultz NNP 12456 1377 2 , , , 12456 1377 3 _ _ NNP 12456 1377 4 Die Die NNP 12456 1377 5 Briefe Briefe NNP 12456 1377 6 des des NNP 12456 1377 7 Trobadors Trobadors NNP 12456 1377 8 Raimbaut Raimbaut NNP 12456 1377 9 de de FW 12456 1377 10 Vaqueiras Vaqueiras NNP 12456 1377 11 an an DT 12456 1377 12 Bonifaz Bonifaz NNP 12456 1377 13 I. I. NNP 12456 1377 14 _ _ NNP 12456 1377 15 , , , 12456 1377 16 Halle Halle NNP 12456 1377 17 , , , 12456 1377 18 1883 1883 CD 12456 1377 19 . . . 12456 1378 1 31 31 CD 12456 1378 2 . . . 12456 1379 1 Zingarelli Zingarelli NNP 12456 1379 2 , , , 12456 1379 3 _ _ NNP 12456 1379 4 Intorno Intorno NNP 12456 1379 5 a a DT 12456 1379 6 due due JJ 12456 1379 7 Trovatori Trovatori NNP 12456 1379 8 in in IN 12456 1379 9 Italia Italia NNP 12456 1379 10 _ _ NNP 12456 1379 11 , , , 12456 1379 12 Florence Florence NNP 12456 1379 13 , , , 12456 1379 14 1899 1899 CD 12456 1379 15 . . . 12456 1380 1 CHAPTER chapter NN 12456 1380 2 VIII viii NN 12456 1380 3 Milà Milà NNP 12456 1380 4 y y NNP 12456 1380 5 Fontañals Fontañals NNP 12456 1380 6 , , , 12456 1380 7 _ _ NNP 12456 1380 8 Los Los NNP 12456 1380 9 trovadores trovadore NNS 12456 1380 10 en en IN 12456 1380 11 España España NNP 12456 1380 12 _ _ NNP 12456 1380 13 , , , 12456 1380 14 Barcelona Barcelona NNP 12456 1380 15 , , , 12456 1380 16 1861 1861 CD 12456 1380 17 , , , 12456 1380 18 remains remain VBZ 12456 1380 19 the the DT 12456 1380 20 best good JJS 12456 1380 21 work work NN 12456 1380 22 on on IN 12456 1380 23 the the DT 12456 1380 24 subject subject NN 12456 1380 25 . . . 12456 1381 1 On on IN 12456 1381 2 Portugal Portugal NNP 12456 1381 3 , , , 12456 1381 4 the the DT 12456 1381 5 article article NN 12456 1381 6 in in IN 12456 1381 7 Gröber Gröber NNP 12456 1381 8 's 's POS 12456 1381 9 _ _ NNP 12456 1381 10 Grundriss Grundriss NNP 12456 1381 11 _ _ NNP 12456 1381 12 , , , 12456 1381 13 ii ii NNP 12456 1381 14 . . . 12456 1382 1 2 2 CD 12456 1382 2 , , , 12456 1382 3 p. p. NN 12456 1382 4 129 129 CD 12456 1382 5 , , , 12456 1382 6 by by IN 12456 1382 7 C. C. NNP 12456 1382 8 Michaelis Michaelis NNP 12456 1382 9 de de NNP 12456 1382 10 Vasconcellos Vasconcellos NNP 12456 1382 11 and and CC 12456 1382 12 Th Th NNP 12456 1382 13 . . . 12456 1383 1 Braga Braga NNP 12456 1383 2 is be VBZ 12456 1383 3 admirable admirable JJ 12456 1383 4 : : : 12456 1383 5 see see VB 12456 1383 6 the the DT 12456 1383 7 bibliographical bibliographical JJ 12456 1383 8 references reference NNS 12456 1383 9 there there RB 12456 1383 10 given give VBN 12456 1383 11 and and CC 12456 1383 12 the the DT 12456 1383 13 introduction introduction NN 12456 1383 14 to to IN 12456 1383 15 R. R. NNP 12456 1383 16 Lang Lang NNP 12456 1383 17 , , , 12456 1383 18 _ _ NNP 12456 1383 19 Das Das NNP 12456 1383 20 Liederbuch Liederbuch NNP 12456 1383 21 des des FW 12456 1383 22 Königs Königs NNP 12456 1383 23 Denis Denis NNP 12456 1383 24 von von NNP 12456 1383 25 Portugal Portugal NNP 12456 1383 26 _ _ NNP 12456 1383 27 , , , 12456 1383 28 Halle Halle NNP 12456 1383 29 , , , 12456 1383 30 1894 1894 CD 12456 1383 31 . . . 12456 1384 1 32 32 CD 12456 1384 2 . . . 12456 1385 1 The the DT 12456 1385 2 date date NN 12456 1385 3 of of IN 12456 1385 4 this this DT 12456 1385 5 poem poem NN 12456 1385 6 is be VBZ 12456 1385 7 disputed dispute VBN 12456 1385 8 , , , 12456 1385 9 see see VB 12456 1385 10 Dr Dr NNP 12456 1385 11 Dejeanne Dejeanne NNP 12456 1385 12 's 's POS 12456 1385 13 edition edition NN 12456 1385 14 of of IN 12456 1385 15 Marcabrun Marcabrun NNP 12456 1385 16 , , , 12456 1385 17 p. p. NN 12456 1385 18 235 235 CD 12456 1385 19 . . . 12456 1386 1 33 33 CD 12456 1386 2 . . . 12456 1387 1 F. F. NNP 12456 1387 2 Guessard Guessard NNP 12456 1387 3 , , , 12456 1387 4 _ _ NNP 12456 1387 5 Grammaires Grammaires NNP 12456 1387 6 Provençales Provençales NNP 12456 1387 7 _ _ NNP 12456 1387 8 , , , 12456 1387 9 Paris Paris NNP 12456 1387 10 , , , 12456 1387 11 1858 1858 CD 12456 1387 12 ; ; : 12456 1387 13 E. E. NNP 12456 1387 14 Stengel Stengel NNP 12456 1387 15 , , , 12456 1387 16 _ _ NNP 12456 1387 17 Die Die NNP 12456 1387 18 beiden beiden NN 12456 1387 19 ältesten ältesten VBN 12456 1387 20 prov prov VBP 12456 1387 21 . . . 12456 1388 1 Gram Gram NNP 12456 1388 2 . . . 12456 1388 3 _ _ NNP 12456 1388 4 , , , 12456 1388 5 Marburg Marburg NNP 12456 1388 6 , , , 12456 1388 7 1878 1878 CD 12456 1388 8 . . . 12456 1389 1 CHAPTER chapter NN 12456 1389 2 IX IX NNP 12456 1389 3 Troubadour Troubadour NNP 12456 1389 4 influence influence NN 12456 1389 5 in in IN 12456 1389 6 Germany Germany NNP 12456 1389 7 is be VBZ 12456 1389 8 discussed discuss VBN 12456 1389 9 at at IN 12456 1389 10 greater great JJR 12456 1389 11 or or CC 12456 1389 12 less less JJR 12456 1389 13 length length NN 12456 1389 14 in in IN 12456 1389 15 most most JJS 12456 1389 16 histories history NNS 12456 1389 17 of of IN 12456 1389 18 German german JJ 12456 1389 19 literature literature NN 12456 1389 20 . . . 12456 1390 1 See see VB 12456 1390 2 Jeanroy Jeanroy NNP 12456 1390 3 , , , 12456 1390 4 _ _ NNP 12456 1390 5 Origines Origines NNP 12456 1390 6 _ _ NNP 12456 1390 7 , , , 12456 1390 8 p. p. NN 12456 1390 9 270 270 CD 12456 1390 10 ff ff NN 12456 1390 11 . . . 12456 1391 1 A. A. NNP 12456 1391 2 Lüderitz Lüderitz NNP 12456 1391 3 , , , 12456 1391 4 _ _ NNP 12456 1391 5 Die Die NNP 12456 1391 6 Liebestheorien Liebestheorien NNP 12456 1391 7 der der IN 12456 1391 8 Provenzalen Provenzalen NNP 12456 1391 9 bei bei NNP 12456 1391 10 den den NN 12456 1391 11 Minnesingern Minnesingern NNP 12456 1391 12 der der NN 12456 1391 13 Slauferzeit Slauferzeit NNP 12456 1391 14 _ _ NNP 12456 1391 15 , , , 12456 1391 16 Literarhistorische Literarhistorische NNP 12456 1391 17 Forschungen Forschungen NNP 12456 1391 18 , , , 12456 1391 19 Berlin Berlin NNP 12456 1391 20 , , , 12456 1391 21 1904 1904 CD 12456 1391 22 . . . 12456 1392 1 For for IN 12456 1392 2 France France NNP 12456 1392 3 . . . 12456 1393 1 A. A. NNP 12456 1393 2 Jeanroy Jeanroy NNP 12456 1393 3 , , , 12456 1393 4 _ _ NNP 12456 1393 5 De De NNP 12456 1393 6 nostratibus nostratibus NN 12456 1393 7 medii medii NNP 12456 1393 8 aevi aevi NNP 12456 1393 9 poetis poetis NNP 12456 1393 10 qui qui VBD 12456 1393 11 primum primum JJ 12456 1393 12 Aquitaniae Aquitaniae NNP 12456 1393 13 carmina carmina NN 12456 1393 14 imitati imitati NNS 12456 1393 15 sint sint NNP 12456 1393 16 _ _ NNP 12456 1393 17 , , , 12456 1393 18 Paris Paris NNP 12456 1393 19 , , , 12456 1393 20 1889 1889 CD 12456 1393 21 . . . 12456 1394 1 For for IN 12456 1394 2 England England NNP 12456 1394 3 . . . 12456 1395 1 Schofield Schofield NNP 12456 1395 2 , , , 12456 1395 3 _ _ NNP 12456 1395 4 English English NNP 12456 1395 5 Literature Literature NNP 12456 1395 6 from from IN 12456 1395 7 the the DT 12456 1395 8 Norman Norman NNP 12456 1395 9 Conquest Conquest NNP 12456 1395 10 to to IN 12456 1395 11 Chaucer Chaucer NNP 12456 1395 12 _ _ NNP 12456 1395 13 , , , 12456 1395 14 London London NNP 12456 1395 15 , , , 12456 1395 16 1906 1906 CD 12456 1395 17 . . . 12456 1396 1 O. O. NNP 12456 1396 2 Heider Heider NNP 12456 1396 3 , , , 12456 1396 4 _ _ NNP 12456 1396 5 Untersuchungen Untersuchungen NNP 12456 1396 6 zur zur NNP 12456 1396 7 mittelenglischen mittelenglischen NNP 12456 1396 8 erotischen erotischen NNP 12456 1396 9 Lyrik Lyrik NNP 12456 1396 10 _ _ NNP 12456 1396 11 , , , 12456 1396 12 Halle Halle NNP 12456 1396 13 , , , 12456 1396 14 1905 1905 CD 12456 1396 15 . . . 12456 1397 1 A. A. NNP 12456 1397 2 Brandl Brandl NNP 12456 1397 3 , , , 12456 1397 4 _ _ NNP 12456 1397 5 Spielmann Spielmann NNP 12456 1397 6 's 's POS 12456 1397 7 verhältnisse verhältnisse NN 12456 1397 8 in in IN 12456 1397 9 frühmittelenglischer frühmittelenglisch JJR 12456 1397 10 Zeit Zeit NNP 12456 1397 11 _ _ NNP 12456 1397 12 , , , 12456 1397 13 Sitzungs Sitzungs NNP 12456 1397 14 - - HYPH 12456 1397 15 berichte berichte NN 12456 1397 16 der der VBP 12456 1397 17 Königl Königl NNP 12456 1397 18 . . . 12456 1398 1 preuss preuss NNP 12456 1398 2 . . . 12456 1398 3 , , , 12456 1398 4 Akademie Akademie NNP 12456 1398 5 , , , 12456 1398 6 1910 1910 CD 12456 1398 7 . . . 12456 1399 1 34 34 CD 12456 1399 2 . . . 12456 1400 1 Bédier Bédier NNP 12456 1400 2 , , , 12456 1400 3 _ _ NNP 12456 1400 4 Chansons Chansons NNP 12456 1400 5 de de NNP 12456 1400 6 Croisade Croisade NNP 12456 1400 7 _ _ NNP 12456 1400 8 , , , 12456 1400 9 Paris Paris NNP 12456 1400 10 , , , 12456 1400 11 1909 1909 CD 12456 1400 12 , , , 12456 1400 13 p. p. NN 12456 1400 14 112 112 CD 12456 1400 15 . . . 12456 1401 1 35 35 CD 12456 1401 2 . . . 12456 1402 1 See see VB 12456 1402 2 introduction introduction NN 12456 1402 3 to to IN 12456 1402 4 Leo Leo NNP 12456 1402 5 Wiese Wiese NNP 12456 1402 6 , , , 12456 1402 7 _ _ NNP 12456 1402 8 Die Die NNP 12456 1402 9 Lieder Lieder NNP 12456 1402 10 des des FW 12456 1402 11 Blondel Blondel NNP 12456 1402 12 de de NNP 12456 1402 13 Nesle Nesle NNP 12456 1402 14 _ _ NNP 12456 1402 15 , , , 12456 1402 16 Dresden Dresden NNP 12456 1402 17 , , , 12456 1402 18 1904 1904 CD 12456 1402 19 , , , 12456 1402 20 p. p. NN 12456 1402 21 19 19 CD 12456 1402 22 ff ff NN 12456 1402 23 . . . 12456 1403 1 36 36 CD 12456 1403 2 . . . 12456 1404 1 _ _ NNP 12456 1404 2 Romania Romania NNP 12456 1404 3 _ _ NNP 12456 1404 4 , , , 12456 1404 5 viii viii NNP 12456 1404 6 . . . 12456 1405 1 p. p. NN 12456 1405 2 370 370 CD 12456 1405 3 . . . 12456 1406 1 37 37 CD 12456 1406 2 . . . 12456 1407 1 K. K. NNP 12456 1407 2 Böddeker Böddeker NNP 12456 1407 3 , , , 12456 1407 4 _ _ NNP 12456 1407 5 Altenglische Altenglische NNP 12456 1407 6 Dichtungen Dichtungen NNP 12456 1407 7 des des NNP 12456 1407 8 MS MS NNP 12456 1407 9 . . . 12456 1407 10 Harl Harl NNP 12456 1407 11 . . . 12456 1407 12 _ _ NNP 12456 1407 13 2253 2253 CD 12456 1407 14 , , , 12456 1407 15 Berlin Berlin NNP 12456 1407 16 , , , 12456 1407 17 1878 1878 CD 12456 1407 18 . . . 12456 1408 1 38 38 CD 12456 1408 2 . . . 12456 1409 1 Modern Modern NNP 12456 1409 2 Language Language NNP 12456 1409 3 Review Review NNP 12456 1409 4 , , , 12456 1409 5 vol vol NNP 12456 1409 6 . . . 12456 1410 1 1 1 LS 12456 1410 2 . . . 12456 1410 3 p. p. NN 12456 1410 4 285 285 CD 12456 1410 5 ; ; : 12456 1410 6 vol vol NNP 12456 1410 7 . . . 12456 1411 1 ii ii LS 12456 1411 2 . . . 12456 1412 1 p. p. NN 12456 1412 2 60 60 CD 12456 1412 3 , , , 12456 1412 4 articles article NNS 12456 1412 5 by by IN 12456 1412 6 Prof. Prof. NNP 12456 1412 7 Skeat Skeat NNP 12456 1412 8 . . . 12456 1413 1 39 39 CD 12456 1413 2 . . . 12456 1414 1 P. P. NNP 12456 1414 2 Leinig Leinig NNP 12456 1414 3 , , , 12456 1414 4 _ _ NNP 12456 1414 5 Grammatik Grammatik NNP 12456 1414 6 der der NN 12456 1414 7 provenzalischen provenzalischen NNP 12456 1414 8 Leys Leys NNP 12456 1414 9 d'amors d'amors NNP 12456 1414 10 verglichen verglichen NNP 12456 1414 11 mit mit NNP 12456 1414 12 der der IN 12456 1414 13 Sprache Sprache NNP 12456 1414 14 der der NNP 12456 1414 15 Troubadours Troubadours NNP 12456 1414 16 _ _ NNP 12456 1414 17 , , , 12456 1414 18 Breslau Breslau NNP 12456 1414 19 , , , 12456 1414 20 1890 1890 CD 12456 1414 21 . . . 12456 1415 1 M. M. NNP 12456 1415 2 Gatien Gatien NNP 12456 1415 3 . . . 12456 1416 1 Arnoult Arnoult NNP 12456 1416 2 , , , 12456 1416 3 _ _ NNP 12456 1416 4 Monuments Monuments NNPS 12456 1416 5 de de NNP 12456 1416 6 la la NNP 12456 1416 7 littérature littérature NNP 12456 1416 8 romane romane NNP 12456 1416 9 _ _ NNP 12456 1416 10 , , , 12456 1416 11 Toulouse Toulouse NNP 12456 1416 12 , , , 12456 1416 13 1841 1841 CD 12456 1416 14 . . . 12456 1417 1 40 40 CD 12456 1417 2 . . . 12456 1418 1 _ _ NNP 12456 1418 2 Histoire Histoire NNP 12456 1418 3 critique critique NN 12456 1418 4 de de NNP 12456 1418 5 l'Académie l'Académie NNP 12456 1418 6 des des NNP 12456 1418 7 Jeux Jeux NNP 12456 1418 8 Floraux Floraux NNP 12456 1418 9 _ _ NNP 12456 1418 10 , , , 12456 1418 11 by by IN 12456 1418 12 F. F. NNP 12456 1418 13 de de FW 12456 1418 14 Gélis Gélis NNP 12456 1418 15 from from IN 12456 1418 16 the the DT 12456 1418 17 origin origin NN 12456 1418 18 to to IN 12456 1418 19 the the DT 12456 1418 20 17th 17th JJ 12456 1418 21 century century NN 12456 1418 22 will will MD 12456 1418 23 appear appear VB 12456 1418 24 shortly shortly RB 12456 1418 25 in in IN 12456 1418 26 the the DT 12456 1418 27 Bibliothèque bibliothèque JJ 12456 1418 28 meridionale meridionale NN 12456 1418 29 , , , 12456 1418 30 Toulouse Toulouse NNP 12456 1418 31 . . . 12456 1419 1 Useful useful JJ 12456 1419 2 anthologies anthology NNS 12456 1419 3 of of IN 12456 1419 4 modern modern JJ 12456 1419 5 Provençal Provençal NNP 12456 1419 6 are be VBP 12456 1419 7 _ _ NNP 12456 1419 8 Flourilège Flourilège NNP 12456 1419 9 prouvençau prouvençau NN 12456 1419 10 _ _ NNP 12456 1419 11 , , , 12456 1419 12 Toulon Toulon NNP 12456 1419 13 , , , 12456 1419 14 1909 1909 CD 12456 1419 15 : : : 12456 1419 16 _ _ NNP 12456 1419 17 Antologia Antologia NNP 12456 1419 18 provenzale provenzale NN 12456 1419 19 _ _ NNP 12456 1419 20 , , , 12456 1419 21 E E NNP 12456 1419 22 Portal Portal NNP 12456 1419 23 , , , 12456 1419 24 Milan Milan NNP 12456 1419 25 , , , 12456 1419 26 Hoepli Hoepli NNP 12456 1419 27 , , , 12456 1419 28 1911 1911 CD 12456 1419 29 ( ( -LRB- 12456 1419 30 Manuali Manuali NNP 12456 1419 31 Hoepli Hoepli NNP 12456 1419 32 ) ) -RRB- 12456 1419 33 . . . 12456 1420 1 INDEX index NN 12456 1420 2 . . . 12456 1421 1 Alamanon Alamanon NNP 12456 1421 2 , , , 12456 1421 3 Bertran Bertran NNP 12456 1421 4 d d NNP 12456 1421 5 ' ' '' 12456 1421 6 , , , 12456 1421 7 104 104 CD 12456 1421 8 _ _ NNP 12456 1421 9 Alba Alba NNP 12456 1421 10 _ _ NNP 12456 1421 11 , , , 12456 1421 12 33 33 CD 12456 1421 13 , , , 12456 1421 14 128 128 CD 12456 1421 15 Albigeois Albigeois NNP 12456 1421 16 , , , 12456 1421 17 13 13 CD 12456 1421 18 , , , 12456 1421 19 23 23 CD 12456 1421 20 , , , 12456 1421 21 75 75 CD 12456 1421 22 , , , 12456 1421 23 ff ff NNP 12456 1421 24 . . . 12456 1422 1 Alcuin Alcuin NNP 12456 1422 2 , , , 12456 1422 3 7 7 CD 12456 1422 4 Alfonso Alfonso NNP 12456 1422 5 II II NNP 12456 1422 6 . . . 12456 1423 1 of of IN 12456 1423 2 Aragon Aragon NNP 12456 1423 3 , , , 12456 1423 4 51 51 CD 12456 1423 5 , , , 12456 1423 6 59 59 CD 12456 1423 7 , , , 12456 1423 8 69 69 CD 12456 1423 9 , , , 12456 1423 10 74 74 CD 12456 1423 11 , , , 12456 1423 12 110 110 CD 12456 1423 13 , , , 12456 1423 14 113 113 CD 12456 1423 15 Alfonso Alfonso NNP 12456 1423 16 VIII viii NN 12456 1423 17 . . . 12456 1424 1 of of IN 12456 1424 2 Castile Castile NNP 12456 1424 3 , , , 12456 1424 4 110 110 CD 12456 1424 5 , , , 12456 1424 6 113 113 CD 12456 1424 7 , , , 12456 1424 8 114 114 CD 12456 1424 9 Alfonso Alfonso NNP 12456 1424 10 X. X. NNP 12456 1424 11 of of IN 12456 1424 12 Castile Castile NNP 12456 1424 13 , , , 12456 1424 14 118 118 CD 12456 1424 15 , , , 12456 1424 16 124 124 CD 12456 1424 17 André andré JJ 12456 1424 18 le le NN 12456 1424 19 Chapelain Chapelain NNP 12456 1424 20 , , , 12456 1424 21 19 19 CD 12456 1424 22 , , , 12456 1424 23 130 130 CD 12456 1424 24 Aquino Aquino NNP 12456 1424 25 , , , 12456 1424 26 Rinaldo Rinaldo NNP 12456 1424 27 d d NNP 12456 1424 28 ' ' '' 12456 1424 29 , , , 12456 1424 30 82 82 CD 12456 1424 31 Aquitaine Aquitaine NNP 12456 1424 32 , , , 12456 1424 33 42 42 CD 12456 1424 34 Arabs Arabs NNPS 12456 1424 35 , , , 12456 1424 36 8 8 CD 12456 1424 37 , , , 12456 1424 38 105 105 CD 12456 1424 39 Aragon Aragon NNP 12456 1424 40 , , , 12456 1424 41 54 54 CD 12456 1424 42 , , , 12456 1424 43 71 71 CD 12456 1424 44 , , , 12456 1424 45 110 110 CD 12456 1424 46 ---- ---- NFP 12456 1424 47 Pedro Pedro NNP 12456 1424 48 II II NNP 12456 1424 49 . . . 12456 1425 1 of of IN 12456 1425 2 , , , 12456 1425 3 78 78 CD 12456 1425 4 , , , 12456 1425 5 83 83 CD 12456 1425 6 , , , 12456 1425 7 113 113 CD 12456 1425 8 Arles arle NNS 12456 1425 9 , , , 12456 1425 10 5 5 CD 12456 1425 11 Aurenga Aurenga NNP 12456 1425 12 , , , 12456 1425 13 Raimbaut Raimbaut NNP 12456 1425 14 d d NNP 12456 1425 15 ' ' '' 12456 1425 16 , , , 12456 1425 17 35 35 CD 12456 1425 18 , , , 12456 1425 19 85 85 CD 12456 1425 20 , , , 12456 1425 21 64 64 CD 12456 1425 22 Auvergne Auvergne NNS 12456 1425 23 , , , 12456 1425 24 3 3 LS 12456 1425 25 ---- ---- NFP 12456 1425 26 Dauphin Dauphin NNP 12456 1425 27 of of IN 12456 1425 28 , , , 12456 1425 29 134 134 CD 12456 1425 30 ---- ---- NFP 12456 1425 31 Peire peire NN 12456 1425 32 d d NNP 12456 1425 33 ' ' '' 12456 1425 34 , , , 12456 1425 35 36 36 CD 12456 1425 36 , , , 12456 1425 37 67 67 CD 12456 1425 38 , , , 12456 1425 39 70 70 CD 12456 1425 40 , , , 12456 1425 41 135 135 CD 12456 1425 42 Azalais Azalais NNP 12456 1425 43 , , , 12456 1425 44 71 71 CD 12456 1425 45 , , , 12456 1425 46 79 79 CD 12456 1425 47 _ _ NNP 12456 1425 48 Ballata Ballata NNP 12456 1425 49 _ _ NNP 12456 1425 50 , , , 12456 1425 51 33 33 CD 12456 1425 52 Barral Barral NNP 12456 1425 53 , , , 12456 1425 54 71 71 CD 12456 1425 55 , , , 12456 1425 56 79 79 CD 12456 1425 57 Belenoi Belenoi NNP 12456 1425 58 , , , 12456 1425 59 Aimeric Aimeric NNP 12456 1425 60 de de NN 12456 1425 61 , , , 12456 1425 62 118 118 CD 12456 1425 63 Bethune Bethune NNP 12456 1425 64 , , , 12456 1425 65 Conon Conon NNP 12456 1425 66 de de NNP 12456 1425 67 , , , 12456 1425 68 131 131 CD 12456 1425 69 Bezaudun Bezaudun NNP 12456 1425 70 , , , 12456 1425 71 Raimon Raimon NNP 12456 1425 72 Vidal Vidal NNP 12456 1425 73 of of IN 12456 1425 74 , , , 12456 1425 75 115 115 CD 12456 1425 76 , , , 12456 1425 77 122 122 CD 12456 1425 78 Béziers Béziers NNPS 12456 1425 79 , , , 12456 1425 80 50 50 CD 12456 1425 81 , , , 12456 1425 82 78 78 CD 12456 1425 83 Blacatz Blacatz NNP 12456 1425 84 , , , 12456 1425 85 103 103 CD 12456 1425 86 Born Born NNP 12456 1425 87 , , , 12456 1425 88 Bertran Bertran NNP 12456 1425 89 de de NNP 12456 1425 90 , , , 12456 1425 91 13 13 CD 12456 1425 92 , , , 12456 1425 93 57 57 CD 12456 1425 94 , , , 12456 1425 95 111 111 CD 12456 1425 96 , , , 12456 1425 97 130 130 CD 12456 1425 98 Bornelh Bornelh NNP 12456 1425 99 , , , 12456 1425 100 Giraut Giraut NNP 12456 1425 101 de de NNP 12456 1425 102 , , , 12456 1425 103 23 23 CD 12456 1425 104 , , , 12456 1425 105 35 35 CD 12456 1425 106 , , , 12456 1425 107 37 37 CD 12456 1425 108 , , , 12456 1425 109 53 53 CD 12456 1425 110 , , , 12456 1425 111 68 68 CD 12456 1425 112 , , , 12456 1425 113 86 86 CD 12456 1425 114 , , , 12456 1425 115 113 113 CD 12456 1425 116 Brunei Brunei NNP 12456 1425 117 , , , 12456 1425 118 Uc Uc NNP 12456 1425 119 , , , 12456 1425 120 113 113 CD 12456 1425 121 Cabestanh Cabestanh NNP 12456 1425 122 , , , 12456 1425 123 Guillem Guillem NNP 12456 1425 124 de de NNP 12456 1425 125 , , , 12456 1425 126 73 73 CD 12456 1425 127 Cabreira Cabreira NNP 12456 1425 128 , , , 12456 1425 129 Guiraut Guiraut NNP 12456 1425 130 de de NNP 12456 1425 131 , , , 12456 1425 132 122 122 CD 12456 1425 133 Caen Caen NNP 12456 1425 134 , , , 12456 1425 135 Raoul Raoul NNP 12456 1425 136 de de NNP 12456 1425 137 , , , 12456 1425 138 6 6 CD 12456 1425 139 Cairel Cairel NNP 12456 1425 140 , , , 12456 1425 141 Elias Elias NNP 12456 1425 142 , , , 12456 1425 143 12 12 CD 12456 1425 144 Calanso Calanso NNP 12456 1425 145 , , , 12456 1425 146 Guiraut Guiraut NNP 12456 1425 147 de de NNP 12456 1425 148 , , , 12456 1425 149 115 115 CD 12456 1425 150 , , , 12456 1425 151 122 122 CD 12456 1425 152 Calha Calha NNP 12456 1425 153 , , , 12456 1425 154 Albertet Albertet NNP 12456 1425 155 , , , 12456 1425 156 12 12 CD 12456 1425 157 Calvo Calvo NNP 12456 1425 158 , , , 12456 1425 159 Bonifacio Bonifacio NNP 12456 1425 160 , , , 12456 1425 161 100 100 CD 12456 1425 162 , , , 12456 1425 163 118 118 CD 12456 1425 164 Carcassonne Carcassonne NNP 12456 1425 165 , , , 12456 1425 166 78 78 CD 12456 1425 167 Cardenal Cardenal NNP 12456 1425 168 , , , 12456 1425 169 Peire Peire NNP 12456 1425 170 , , , 12456 1425 171 11 11 CD 12456 1425 172 , , , 12456 1425 173 82 82 CD 12456 1425 174 , , , 12456 1425 175 84 84 CD 12456 1425 176 , , , 12456 1425 177 92 92 CD 12456 1425 178 , , , 12456 1425 179 117 117 CD 12456 1425 180 , , , 12456 1425 181 118 118 CD 12456 1425 182 Castile castile NN 12456 1425 183 , , , 12456 1425 184 54 54 CD 12456 1425 185 , , , 12456 1425 186 71 71 CD 12456 1425 187 ---- ---- NFP 12456 1425 188 Sancho Sancho NNP 12456 1425 189 III III NNP 12456 1425 190 . . . 12456 1426 1 of of IN 12456 1426 2 , , , 12456 1426 3 67 67 CD 12456 1426 4 Catalonia Catalonia NNP 12456 1426 5 , , , 12456 1426 6 3 3 CD 12456 1426 7 , , , 12456 1426 8 5 5 CD 12456 1426 9 , , , 12456 1426 10 71 71 CD 12456 1426 11 , , , 12456 1426 12 109 109 CD 12456 1426 13 , , , 12456 1426 14 121 121 CD 12456 1426 15 ff ff NN 12456 1426 16 . . . 12456 1427 1 Cercamon Cercamon NNP 12456 1427 2 , , , 12456 1427 3 9 9 CD 12456 1427 4 , , , 12456 1427 5 42 42 CD 12456 1427 6 Chabaneau chabaneau NN 12456 1427 7 , , , 12456 1427 8 20 20 CD 12456 1427 9 _ _ NNP 12456 1427 10 Chanso Chanso NNP 12456 1427 11 _ _ NNP 12456 1427 12 , , , 12456 1427 13 23 23 CD 12456 1427 14 Cigala Cigala NNP 12456 1427 15 , , , 12456 1427 16 Lanfranc Lanfranc NNP 12456 1427 17 , , , 12456 1427 18 39 39 CD 12456 1427 19 , , , 12456 1427 20 100 100 CD 12456 1427 21 , , , 12456 1427 22 116 116 CD 12456 1427 23 Circ Circ NNP 12456 1427 24 , , , 12456 1427 25 Uc Uc NNP 12456 1427 26 de de FW 12456 1427 27 San San NNP 12456 1427 28 , , , 12456 1427 29 100 100 CD 12456 1427 30 , , , 12456 1427 31 113 113 CD 12456 1427 32 Corbiac Corbiac NNPS 12456 1427 33 , , , 12456 1427 34 Peire Peire NNP 12456 1427 35 de de NNP 12456 1427 36 , , , 12456 1427 37 93 93 CD 12456 1427 38 _ _ NNP 12456 1427 39 Comjat Comjat NNP 12456 1427 40 _ _ NNP 12456 1427 41 , , , 12456 1427 42 23 23 CD 12456 1427 43 Compostella Compostella NNP 12456 1427 44 , , , 12456 1427 45 109 109 CD 12456 1427 46 , , , 12456 1427 47 124 124 CD 12456 1427 48 Courts Courts NNPS 12456 1427 49 of of IN 12456 1427 50 Love Love NNP 12456 1427 51 , , , 12456 1427 52 19 19 CD 12456 1427 53 Cunizza Cunizza NNP 12456 1427 54 , , , 12456 1427 55 101 101 CD 12456 1427 56 Daniel Daniel NNP 12456 1427 57 , , , 12456 1427 58 Arnaut Arnaut NNP 12456 1427 59 , , , 12456 1427 60 55 55 CD 12456 1427 61 Dante Dante NNP 12456 1427 62 , , , 12456 1427 63 24 24 CD 12456 1427 64 , , , 12456 1427 65 53 53 CD 12456 1427 66 , , , 12456 1427 67 55 55 CD 12456 1427 68 , , , 12456 1427 69 57 57 CD 12456 1427 70 , , , 12456 1427 71 63 63 CD 12456 1427 72 , , , 12456 1427 73 104 104 CD 12456 1427 74 , , , 12456 1427 75 108 108 CD 12456 1427 76 , , , 12456 1427 77 131 131 CD 12456 1427 78 Denis Denis NNP 12456 1427 79 , , , 12456 1427 80 124 124 CD 12456 1427 81 _ _ NNP 12456 1427 82 Descort Descort NNP 12456 1427 83 _ _ NNP 12456 1427 84 , , , 12456 1427 85 33 33 CD 12456 1427 86 , , , 12456 1427 87 97 97 CD 12456 1427 88 Die die NN 12456 1427 89 , , , 12456 1427 90 Countess Countess NNP 12456 1427 91 of of IN 12456 1427 92 , , , 12456 1427 93 11 11 CD 12456 1427 94 , , , 12456 1427 95 65 65 CD 12456 1427 96 Dietmar Dietmar NNP 12456 1427 97 von von NNP 12456 1427 98 Aist Aist NNP 12456 1427 99 , , , 12456 1427 100 128 128 CD 12456 1427 101 Dominic Dominic NNP 12456 1427 102 , , , 12456 1427 103 77 77 CD 12456 1427 104 , , , 12456 1427 105 80 80 CD 12456 1427 106 Ebles Ebles NNP 12456 1427 107 II II NNP 12456 1427 108 . . NNP 12456 1427 109 , , , 12456 1427 110 46 46 CD 12456 1427 111 Eleanor Eleanor NNP 12456 1427 112 of of IN 12456 1427 113 Aquitaine Aquitaine NNP 12456 1427 114 , , , 12456 1427 115 42 42 CD 12456 1427 116 , , , 12456 1427 117 46 46 CD 12456 1427 118 , , , 12456 1427 119 59 59 CD 12456 1427 120 , , , 12456 1427 121 130 130 CD 12456 1427 122 Escas Escas NNP 12456 1427 123 Amanieu Amanieu NNP 12456 1427 124 des des FW 12456 1427 125 , , , 12456 1427 126 121 121 CD 12456 1427 127 _ _ NNP 12456 1427 128 Escondig Escondig NNP 12456 1427 129 _ _ NNP 12456 1427 130 , , , 12456 1427 131 33 33 CD 12456 1427 132 Estampida Estampida NNP 12456 1427 133 , , , 12456 1427 134 33 33 CD 12456 1427 135 Este este NN 12456 1427 136 , , , 12456 1427 137 95 95 CD 12456 1427 138 Ezzelino Ezzelino NNP 12456 1427 139 III III NNP 12456 1427 140 . . . 12456 1427 141 , , , 12456 1427 142 101 101 CD 12456 1427 143 Faidit Faidit NNP 12456 1427 144 , , , 12456 1427 145 Gaucelm Gaucelm NNP 12456 1427 146 , , , 12456 1427 147 99 99 CD 12456 1427 148 , , , 12456 1427 149 135 135 CD 12456 1427 150 Ferdinand Ferdinand NNP 12456 1427 151 III III NNP 12456 1427 152 . . . 12456 1428 1 of of IN 12456 1428 2 Castile Castile NNP 12456 1428 3 , , , 12456 1428 4 104 104 CD 12456 1428 5 , , , 12456 1428 6 116 116 CD 12456 1428 7 Figueira Figueira NNP 12456 1428 8 , , , 12456 1428 9 Guillem Guillem NNP 12456 1428 10 , , , 12456 1428 11 82 82 CD 12456 1428 12 , , , 12456 1428 13 138 138 CD 12456 1428 14 Flamenca Flamenca NNS 12456 1428 15 , , , 12456 1428 16 23 23 CD 12456 1428 17 Florence Florence NNP 12456 1428 18 , , , 12456 1428 19 100 100 CD 12456 1428 20 Frederick Frederick NNP 12456 1428 21 II II NNP 12456 1428 22 . . . 12456 1429 1 of of IN 12456 1429 2 Sicily Sicily NNP 12456 1429 3 , , , 12456 1429 4 88 88 CD 12456 1429 5 , , , 12456 1429 6 105 105 CD 12456 1429 7 Friedrich Friedrich NNP 12456 1429 8 von von NNP 12456 1429 9 Hausen Hausen NNP 12456 1429 10 , , , 12456 1429 11 129 129 CD 12456 1429 12 Galicia Galicia NNP 12456 1429 13 , , , 12456 1429 14 123 123 CD 12456 1429 15 _ _ NNP 12456 1429 16 Gasson Gasson NNP 12456 1429 17 _ _ NNP 12456 1429 18 , , , 12456 1429 19 3 3 CD 12456 1429 20 , , , 12456 1429 21 9 9 CD 12456 1429 22 , , , 12456 1429 23 115 115 CD 12456 1429 24 Genoa Genoa NNP 12456 1429 25 , , , 12456 1429 26 78 78 CD 12456 1429 27 , , , 12456 1429 28 100 100 CD 12456 1429 29 Gerona Gerona NNP 12456 1429 30 , , , 12456 1429 31 Serveri Serveri NNP 12456 1429 32 de de NNP 12456 1429 33 , , , 12456 1429 34 120 120 CD 12456 1429 35 Guido Guido NNP 12456 1429 36 delle delle NN 12456 1429 37 Colonne Colonne NNP 12456 1429 38 , , , 12456 1429 39 106 106 CD 12456 1429 40 , , , 12456 1429 41 107 107 CD 12456 1429 42 Guido Guido NNP 12456 1429 43 Guinicelli Guinicelli NNP 12456 1429 44 , , , 12456 1429 45 106 106 CD 12456 1429 46 Guiot Guiot NNP 12456 1429 47 de de IN 12456 1429 48 Dijon Dijon NNP 12456 1429 49 , , , 12456 1429 50 132 132 CD 12456 1429 51 Hautefort Hautefort NNP 12456 1429 52 , , , 12456 1429 53 60 60 CD 12456 1429 54 , , , 12456 1429 55 111 111 CD 12456 1429 56 Henry Henry NNP 12456 1429 57 II II NNP 12456 1429 58 . . . 12456 1430 1 of of IN 12456 1430 2 England England NNP 12456 1430 3 , , , 12456 1430 4 47 47 CD 12456 1430 5 , , , 12456 1430 6 59 59 CD 12456 1430 7 , , , 12456 1430 8 63 63 CD 12456 1430 9 Henry Henry NNP 12456 1430 10 III III NNP 12456 1430 11 . . . 12456 1431 1 of of IN 12456 1431 2 England England NNP 12456 1431 3 , , , 12456 1431 4 104 104 CD 12456 1431 5 , , , 12456 1431 6 117 117 CD 12456 1431 7 Innocent Innocent NNP 12456 1431 8 III III NNP 12456 1431 9 . . . 12456 1431 10 , , , 12456 1431 11 76 76 CD 12456 1431 12 , , , 12456 1431 13 77 77 CD 12456 1431 14 Inquisition Inquisition NNP 12456 1431 15 , , , 12456 1431 16 80 80 CD 12456 1431 17 Isabella Isabella NNP 12456 1431 18 of of IN 12456 1431 19 Angoulême Angoulême NNP 12456 1431 20 , , , 12456 1431 21 117 117 CD 12456 1431 22 Jaime Jaime NNP 12456 1431 23 I. I. NNP 12456 1431 24 of of IN 12456 1431 25 Aragon Aragon NNP 12456 1431 26 , , , 12456 1431 27 85 85 CD 12456 1431 28 Jaufre Jaufre NNP 12456 1431 29 , , , 12456 1431 30 Roman Roman NNP 12456 1431 31 de de NNP 12456 1431 32 , , , 12456 1431 33 23 23 CD 12456 1431 34 Languedoc Languedoc NNP 12456 1431 35 , , , 12456 1431 36 3 3 CD 12456 1431 37 Lemosin Lemosin NNP 12456 1431 38 , , , 12456 1431 39 5 5 CD 12456 1431 40 Lentino Lentino NNP 12456 1431 41 , , , 12456 1431 42 Jacopo Jacopo NNP 12456 1431 43 da da NNP 12456 1431 44 , , , 12456 1431 45 82 82 CD 12456 1431 46 Leys Leys NNPS 12456 1431 47 d'Amors d'Amors NNPS 12456 1431 48 , , , 12456 1431 49 16 16 CD 12456 1431 50 , , , 12456 1431 51 23 23 CD 12456 1431 52 , , , 12456 1431 53 33 33 CD 12456 1431 54 , , , 12456 1431 55 138 138 CD 12456 1431 56 Limousin Limousin NNP 12456 1431 57 , , , 12456 1431 58 3 3 CD 12456 1431 59 , , , 12456 1431 60 4 4 CD 12456 1431 61 , , , 12456 1431 62 8 8 CD 12456 1431 63 , , , 12456 1431 64 123 123 CD 12456 1431 65 Louis Louis NNP 12456 1431 66 VII VII NNP 12456 1431 67 . . . 12456 1432 1 of of IN 12456 1432 2 France France NNP 12456 1432 3 , , , 12456 1432 4 60 60 CD 12456 1432 5 , , , 12456 1432 6 69 69 CD 12456 1432 7 Louis Louis NNP 12456 1432 8 VIII viii NN 12456 1432 9 . . . 12456 1433 1 of of IN 12456 1433 2 France France NNP 12456 1433 3 , , , 12456 1433 4 89 89 CD 12456 1433 5 Lyons Lyons NNPS 12456 1433 6 , , , 12456 1433 7 5 5 CD 12456 1433 8 , , , 12456 1433 9 77 77 CD 12456 1433 10 Malaspina Malaspina NNP 12456 1433 11 , , , 12456 1433 12 Marquis Marquis NNP 12456 1433 13 of of IN 12456 1433 14 , , , 12456 1433 15 100 100 CD 12456 1433 16 Malmesbury Malmesbury NNP 12456 1433 17 , , , 12456 1433 18 William William NNP 12456 1433 19 of of IN 12456 1433 20 , , , 12456 1433 21 41 41 CD 12456 1433 22 Manfred Manfred NNP 12456 1433 23 II II NNP 12456 1433 24 . . NNP 12456 1433 25 , , , 12456 1433 26 100 100 CD 12456 1433 27 , , , 12456 1433 28 102 102 CD 12456 1433 29 Mantua Mantua NNP 12456 1433 30 , , , 12456 1433 31 101 101 CD 12456 1433 32 Marcabrun Marcabrun NNP 12456 1433 33 , , , 12456 1433 34 35 35 CD 12456 1433 35 , , , 12456 1433 36 43 43 CD 12456 1433 37 , , , 12456 1433 38 68 68 CD 12456 1433 39 , , , 12456 1433 40 85 85 CD 12456 1433 41 , , , 12456 1433 42 110 110 CD 12456 1433 43 , , , 12456 1433 44 135 135 CD 12456 1433 45 Mareuil Mareuil NNP 12456 1433 46 , , , 12456 1433 47 Arnaut Arnaut NNP 12456 1433 48 de de NNP 12456 1433 49 , , , 12456 1433 50 50 50 CD 12456 1433 51 , , , 12456 1433 52 53 53 CD 12456 1433 53 Marseilles Marseilles NNPS 12456 1433 54 , , , 12456 1433 55 5 5 CD 12456 1433 56 , , , 12456 1433 57 10 10 CD 12456 1433 58 ---- ---- NFP 12456 1433 59 Barral Barral NNP 12456 1433 60 of of IN 12456 1433 61 71 71 CD 12456 1433 62 , , , 12456 1433 63 79 79 CD 12456 1433 64 ---- ---- NFP 12456 1433 65 Folquet Folquet NNP 12456 1433 66 of of IN 12456 1433 67 , , , 12456 1433 68 10 10 CD 12456 1433 69 , , , 12456 1433 70 13 13 CD 12456 1433 71 , , , 12456 1433 72 72 72 CD 12456 1433 73 , , , 12456 1433 74 78 78 CD 12456 1433 75 , , , 12456 1433 76 91 91 CD 12456 1433 77 Marie Marie NNP 12456 1433 78 of of IN 12456 1433 79 Champagne Champagne NNP 12456 1433 80 , , , 12456 1433 81 130 130 CD 12456 1433 82 Marvejols Marvejols NNPS 12456 1433 83 , , , 12456 1433 84 Bernard Bernard NNP 12456 1433 85 Sicart Sicart NNP 12456 1433 86 de de NNP 12456 1433 87 , , , 12456 1433 88 84 84 CD 12456 1433 89 , , , 12456 1433 90 117 117 CD 12456 1433 91 , , , 12456 1433 92 118 118 CD 12456 1433 93 Mauleon Mauleon NNP 12456 1433 94 , , , 12456 1433 95 Savaric Savaric NNP 12456 1433 96 de de NNP 12456 1433 97 , , , 12456 1433 98 135 135 CD 12456 1433 99 Minnesingers Minnesingers NNP 12456 1433 100 , , , 12456 1433 101 128 128 CD 12456 1433 102 Miraval Miraval NNP 12456 1433 103 , , , 12456 1433 104 Raímon Raímon NNP 12456 1433 105 de de NNP 12456 1433 106 , , , 12456 1433 107 39 39 CD 12456 1433 108 , , , 12456 1433 109 83 83 CD 12456 1433 110 Montanhagol Montanhagol NNP 12456 1433 111 , , , 12456 1433 112 Guillem Guillem NNP 12456 1433 113 de de NNP 12456 1433 114 , , , 12456 1433 115 117 117 CD 12456 1433 116 Montaudon Montaudon NNP 12456 1433 117 , , , 12456 1433 118 Monk Monk NNP 12456 1433 119 of of IN 12456 1433 120 , , , 12456 1433 121 11 11 CD 12456 1433 122 , , , 12456 1433 123 69 69 CD 12456 1433 124 , , , 12456 1433 125 79 79 CD 12456 1433 126 , , , 12456 1433 127 113 113 CD 12456 1433 128 ---- ---- NFP 12456 1433 129 Beatrice Beatrice NNP 12456 1433 130 of of IN 12456 1433 131 , , , 12456 1433 132 97 97 CD 12456 1433 133 Montpelier Montpelier NNP 12456 1433 134 , , , 12456 1433 135 Germonde Germonde NNP 12456 1433 136 de de NNP 12456 1433 137 , , , 12456 1433 138 89 89 CD 12456 1433 139 ---- ---- NFP 12456 1433 140 William William NNP 12456 1433 141 VII VII NNP 12456 1433 142 . . . 12456 1434 1 of of IN 12456 1434 2 , , , 12456 1434 3 51 51 CD 12456 1434 4 , , , 12456 1434 5 79 79 CD 12456 1434 6 Muret Muret NNP 12456 1434 7 78 78 CD 12456 1434 8 , , , 12456 1434 9 114 114 CD 12456 1434 10 Music Music NNP 12456 1434 11 , , , 12456 1434 12 26 26 CD 12456 1434 13 ff ff NN 12456 1434 14 . . . 12456 1435 1 Narbonne Narbonne NNP 12456 1435 2 , , , 12456 1435 3 5 5 CD 12456 1435 4 , , , 12456 1435 5 59 59 CD 12456 1435 6 , , , 12456 1435 7 67 67 CD 12456 1435 8 Navarre Navarre NNP 12456 1435 9 , , , 12456 1435 10 54 54 CD 12456 1435 11 , , , 12456 1435 12 110 110 CD 12456 1435 13 ---- ---- NFP 12456 1435 14 Guillem Guillem NNP 12456 1435 15 de de NNP 12456 1435 16 Tudela Tudela NNP 12456 1435 17 of of IN 12456 1435 18 , , , 12456 1435 19 120 120 CD 12456 1435 20 Nesles Nesles NNPS 12456 1435 21 , , , 12456 1435 22 Blondel Blondel NNP 12456 1435 23 de de NNP 12456 1435 24 , , , 12456 1435 25 131 131 CD 12456 1435 26 , , , 12456 1435 27 134 134 CD 12456 1435 28 Nostradamus Nostradamus NNP 12456 1435 29 , , , 12456 1435 30 19 19 CD 12456 1435 31 Novara Novara NNP 12456 1435 32 , , , 12456 1435 33 102 102 CD 12456 1435 34 Orange Orange NNP 12456 1435 35 , , , 12456 1435 36 William William NNP 12456 1435 37 IV IV NNP 12456 1435 38 . . . 12456 1436 1 of of IN 12456 1436 2 , , , 12456 1436 3 96 96 CD 12456 1436 4 _ _ NNP 12456 1436 5 Partimen Partimen NNP 12456 1436 6 _ _ NNP 12456 1436 7 , , , 12456 1436 8 130 130 CD 12456 1436 9 _ _ NNP 12456 1436 10 Pastorela Pastorela NNP 12456 1436 11 _ _ NNP 12456 1436 12 , , , 12456 1436 13 33 33 CD 12456 1436 14 Pegulhan Pegulhan NNP 12456 1436 15 , , , 12456 1436 16 Aimeric Aimeric NNP 12456 1436 17 de de NNP 12456 1436 18 , , , 12456 1436 19 99 99 CD 12456 1436 20 , , , 12456 1436 21 107 107 CD 12456 1436 22 , , , 12456 1436 23 114 114 CD 12456 1436 24 , , , 12456 1436 25 138 138 CD 12456 1436 26 Perdigon Perdigon NNP 12456 1436 27 , , , 12456 1436 28 11 11 CD 12456 1436 29 Pisa Pisa NNP 12456 1436 30 , , , 12456 1436 31 100 100 CD 12456 1436 32 _ _ NNP 12456 1436 33 Planh Planh NNP 12456 1436 34 _ _ NNP 12456 1436 35 , , , 12456 1436 36 30 30 CD 12456 1436 37 Poitou Poitou NNP 12456 1436 38 , , , 12456 1436 39 4 4 CD 12456 1436 40 Poitiers poitier NNS 12456 1436 41 , , , 12456 1436 42 6 6 CD 12456 1436 43 , , , 12456 1436 44 8 8 CD 12456 1436 45 ---- ---- NFP 12456 1436 46 William William NNP 12456 1436 47 of of IN 12456 1436 48 , , , 12456 1436 49 6 6 CD 12456 1436 50 , , , 12456 1436 51 41 41 CD 12456 1436 52 , , , 12456 1436 53 65 65 CD 12456 1436 54 , , , 12456 1436 55 90 90 CD 12456 1436 56 Portugal Portugal NNP 12456 1436 57 , , , 12456 1436 58 Denis Denis NNP 12456 1436 59 of of IN 12456 1436 60 , , , 12456 1436 61 124 124 CD 12456 1436 62 Provence Provence NNP 12456 1436 63 , , , 12456 1436 64 3 3 LS 12456 1436 65 ---- ---- NFP 12456 1436 66 Beatrice Beatrice NNP 12456 1436 67 of of IN 12456 1436 68 , , , 12456 1436 69 102 102 CD 12456 1436 70 Puegsibot Puegsibot NNP 12456 1436 71 , , , 12456 1436 72 Gausbert Gausbert NNP 12456 1436 73 de de NNP 12456 1436 74 , , , 12456 1436 75 14 14 CD 12456 1436 76 Puy puy CD 12456 1436 77 , , , 12456 1436 78 69 69 CD 12456 1436 79 Raynouard raynouard NN 12456 1436 80 , , , 12456 1436 81 19 19 CD 12456 1436 82 Richard Richard NNP 12456 1436 83 Coeur Coeur NNP 12456 1436 84 de de NNP 12456 1436 85 Lion Lion NNP 12456 1436 86 , , , 12456 1436 87 55 55 CD 12456 1436 88 , , , 12456 1436 89 58 58 CD 12456 1436 90 , , , 12456 1436 91 69 69 CD 12456 1436 92 , , , 12456 1436 93 72 72 CD 12456 1436 94 , , , 12456 1436 95 134 134 CD 12456 1436 96 Riquier Riquier NNP 12456 1436 97 , , , 12456 1436 98 Guiraut Guiraut NNP 12456 1436 99 , , , 12456 1436 100 92 92 CD 12456 1436 101 , , , 12456 1436 102 118 118 CD 12456 1436 103 Rogier Rogier NNP 12456 1436 104 , , , 12456 1436 105 Peire Peire NNP 12456 1436 106 , , , 12456 1436 107 66 66 CD 12456 1436 108 Rovenhac Rovenhac NNP 12456 1436 109 , , , 12456 1436 110 Bernart Bernart NNP 12456 1436 111 de de NNP 12456 1436 112 , , , 12456 1436 113 118 118 CD 12456 1436 114 Roussillon Roussillon NNP 12456 1436 115 , , , 12456 1436 116 3 3 CD 12456 1436 117 ---- ---- NFP 12456 1436 118 Girart Girart NNP 12456 1436 119 de de NNP 12456 1436 120 , , , 12456 1436 121 22 22 CD 12456 1436 122 Rudel Rudel NNP 12456 1436 123 , , , 12456 1436 124 Jaufre Jaufre NNP 12456 1436 125 , , , 12456 1436 126 23 23 CD 12456 1436 127 , , , 12456 1436 128 44 44 CD 12456 1436 129 Rudolf Rudolf NNP 12456 1436 130 , , , 12456 1436 131 Count Count NNP 12456 1436 132 of of IN 12456 1436 133 Neuenberg Neuenberg NNP 12456 1436 134 , , , 12456 1436 135 82 82 CD 12456 1436 136 Savoy Savoy NNP 12456 1436 137 , , , 12456 1436 138 96 96 CD 12456 1436 139 _ _ NNP 12456 1436 140 Serena Serena NNP 12456 1436 141 _ _ NNP 12456 1436 142 , , , 12456 1436 143 33 33 CD 12456 1436 144 Simon Simon NNP 12456 1436 145 de de NNP 12456 1436 146 Montfort Montfort NNP 12456 1436 147 , , , 12456 1436 148 78 78 CD 12456 1436 149 _ _ NNP 12456 1436 150 Sirventes Sirventes NNPS 12456 1436 151 _ _ NNP 12456 1436 152 , , , 12456 1436 153 30 30 CD 12456 1436 154 , , , 12456 1436 155 135 135 CD 12456 1436 156 Sordello Sordello NNP 12456 1436 157 , , , 12456 1436 158 96 96 CD 12456 1436 159 , , , 12456 1436 160 101 101 CD 12456 1436 161 , , , 12456 1436 162 116 116 CD 12456 1436 163 _ _ NNP 12456 1436 164 Stanza Stanza NNP 12456 1436 165 _ _ NNP 12456 1436 166 , , , 12456 1436 167 24 24 CD 12456 1436 168 , , , 12456 1436 169 ff ff NNP 12456 1436 170 . . . 12456 1437 1 _ _ NNP 12456 1437 2 Tenso Tenso NNP 12456 1437 3 _ _ NNP 12456 1437 4 , , , 12456 1437 5 21 21 CD 12456 1437 6 , , , 12456 1437 7 31 31 CD 12456 1437 8 , , , 12456 1437 9 130 130 CD 12456 1437 10 Thibaut Thibaut NNP 12456 1437 11 IV IV NNP 12456 1437 12 . . . 12456 1438 1 of of IN 12456 1438 2 Champagne Champagne NNP 12456 1438 3 , , , 12456 1438 4 131 131 CD 12456 1438 5 Tor Tor NNP 12456 1438 6 , , , 12456 1438 7 Guillem Guillem NNP 12456 1438 8 de de NNP 12456 1438 9 la la NNP 12456 1438 10 , , , 12456 1438 11 100 100 CD 12456 1438 12 Toronet toronet NN 12456 1438 13 , , , 12456 1438 14 79 79 CD 12456 1438 15 Toulouse Toulouse NNP 12456 1438 16 , , , 12456 1438 17 5 5 CD 12456 1438 18 , , , 12456 1438 19 13 13 CD 12456 1438 20 , , , 12456 1438 21 78 78 CD 12456 1438 22 , , , 12456 1438 23 80 80 CD 12456 1438 24 , , , 12456 1438 25 84 84 CD 12456 1438 26 , , , 12456 1438 27 138 138 CD 12456 1438 28 ---- ---- NFP 12456 1438 29 N'At N'At NNP 12456 1438 30 de de IN 12456 1438 31 Mons Mons NNP 12456 1438 32 of of IN 12456 1438 33 , , , 12456 1438 34 117 117 CD 12456 1438 35 ---- ---- NFP 12456 1438 36 Peire Peire NNP 12456 1438 37 Raimon Raimon NNP 12456 1438 38 of of IN 12456 1438 39 , , , 12456 1438 40 113 113 CD 12456 1438 41 ---- ---- NFP 12456 1438 42 Raimon Raimon NNP 12456 1438 43 V. V. NNP 12456 1438 44 of of IN 12456 1438 45 , , , 12456 1438 46 49 49 CD 12456 1438 47 , , , 12456 1438 48 50 50 CD 12456 1438 49 , , , 12456 1438 50 60 60 CD 12456 1438 51 , , , 12456 1438 52 67 67 CD 12456 1438 53 , , , 12456 1438 54 111 111 CD 12456 1438 55 ---- ---- NFP 12456 1438 56 Raimon Raimon NNP 12456 1438 57 VI VI NNP 12456 1438 58 . . . 12456 1439 1 of of IN 12456 1439 2 , , , 12456 1439 3 78 78 CD 12456 1439 4 , , , 12456 1439 5 80 80 CD 12456 1439 6 , , , 12456 1439 7 114 114 CD 12456 1439 8 Tripoli Tripoli NNP 12456 1439 9 , , , 12456 1439 10 Countess Countess NNP 12456 1439 11 of of IN 12456 1439 12 , , , 12456 1439 13 44 44 CD 12456 1439 14 _ _ NNP 12456 1439 15 Trobar Trobar NNP 12456 1439 16 clus clus NN 12456 1439 17 _ _ NNP 12456 1439 18 , , , 12456 1439 19 34 34 CD 12456 1439 20 Turin Turin NNP 12456 1439 21 , , , 12456 1439 22 96 96 CD 12456 1439 23 Ussel Ussel NNP 12456 1439 24 , , , 12456 1439 25 Gui Gui NNP 12456 1439 26 d d NNP 12456 1439 27 ' ' '' 12456 1439 28 , , , 12456 1439 29 14 14 CD 12456 1439 30 Vaqueiras Vaqueiras NNP 12456 1439 31 , , , 12456 1439 32 Raimbaut Raimbaut NNP 12456 1439 33 de de NNP 12456 1439 34 , , , 12456 1439 35 96 96 CD 12456 1439 36 , , , 12456 1439 37 100 100 CD 12456 1439 38 Vaudois Vaudois NNP 12456 1439 39 , , , 12456 1439 40 76 76 CD 12456 1439 41 Venice Venice NNP 12456 1439 42 , , , 12456 1439 43 100 100 CD 12456 1439 44 Ventadour Ventadour NNP 12456 1439 45 , , , 12456 1439 46 11 11 CD 12456 1439 47 ---- ---- NFP 12456 1439 48 Bernart bernart NN 12456 1439 49 of of IN 12456 1439 50 , , , 12456 1439 51 11 11 CD 12456 1439 52 , , , 12456 1439 53 13 13 CD 12456 1439 54 , , , 12456 1439 55 46 46 CD 12456 1439 56 , , , 12456 1439 57 68 68 CD 12456 1439 58 , , , 12456 1439 59 128 128 CD 12456 1439 60 , , , 12456 1439 61 130 130 CD 12456 1439 62 , , , 12456 1439 63 133 133 CD 12456 1439 64 , , , 12456 1439 65 135 135 CD 12456 1439 66 Verona Verona NNP 12456 1439 67 , , , 12456 1439 68 96 96 CD 12456 1439 69 _ _ NNP 12456 1439 70 Vers Vers NNP 12456 1439 71 _ _ NNP 12456 1439 72 , , , 12456 1439 73 23 23 CD 12456 1439 74 Vidal Vidal NNP 12456 1439 75 , , , 12456 1439 76 Peire Peire NNP 12456 1439 77 , , , 12456 1439 78 71 71 CD 12456 1439 79 , , , 12456 1439 80 95 95 CD 12456 1439 81 , , , 12456 1439 82 97 97 CD 12456 1439 83 , , , 12456 1439 84 100 100 CD 12456 1439 85 , , , 12456 1439 86 112 112 CD 12456 1439 87 , , , 12456 1439 88 115 115 CD 12456 1439 89 , , , 12456 1439 90 127 127 CD 12456 1439 91 , , , 12456 1439 92 138 138 CD 12456 1439 93 Virgin Virgin NNP 12456 1439 94 Mary Mary NNP 12456 1439 95 , , , 12456 1439 96 15 15 CD 12456 1439 97 , , , 12456 1439 98 91 91 CD 12456 1439 99 Zorzi Zorzi NNP 12456 1439 100 , , , 12456 1439 101 Bartolomeo Bartolomeo NNP 12456 1439 102 , , , 12456 1439 103 100 100 CD 12456 1439 104 , , , 12456 1439 105 118 118 CD