id sid tid token lemma pos 31756 1 1 Transcriber Transcriber NNP 31756 1 2 's 's POS 31756 1 3 Notes note NNS 31756 1 4 : : : 31756 1 5 This this DT 31756 1 6 is be VBZ 31756 1 7 Paper Paper NNP 31756 1 8 37 37 CD 31756 1 9 from from IN 31756 1 10 the the DT 31756 1 11 Smithsonian Smithsonian NNP 31756 1 12 Institution Institution NNP 31756 1 13 United United NNP 31756 1 14 States States NNP 31756 1 15 National National NNP 31756 1 16 Museum Museum NNP 31756 1 17 Bulletin Bulletin NNP 31756 1 18 240 240 CD 31756 1 19 , , , 31756 1 20 comprising comprise VBG 31756 1 21 Papers Papers NNP 31756 1 22 34 34 CD 31756 1 23 - - SYM 31756 1 24 44 44 CD 31756 1 25 , , , 31756 1 26 which which WDT 31756 1 27 will will MD 31756 1 28 also also RB 31756 1 29 be be VB 31756 1 30 available available JJ 31756 1 31 as as IN 31756 1 32 a a DT 31756 1 33 complete complete JJ 31756 1 34 e e NN 31756 1 35 - - NN 31756 1 36 book book NN 31756 1 37 . . . 31756 2 1 The the DT 31756 2 2 front front JJ 31756 2 3 material material NN 31756 2 4 , , , 31756 2 5 introduction introduction NN 31756 2 6 and and CC 31756 2 7 relevant relevant JJ 31756 2 8 index index NN 31756 2 9 entries entry NNS 31756 2 10 from from IN 31756 2 11 the the DT 31756 2 12 Bulletin Bulletin NNP 31756 2 13 are be VBP 31756 2 14 included include VBN 31756 2 15 in in IN 31756 2 16 each each DT 31756 2 17 single single JJ 31756 2 18 - - HYPH 31756 2 19 paper paper NN 31756 2 20 e e NN 31756 2 21 - - NN 31756 2 22 book book NN 31756 2 23 . . . 31756 3 1 Typographical typographical JJ 31756 3 2 errors error NNS 31756 3 3 have have VBP 31756 3 4 been be VBN 31756 3 5 corrected correct VBN 31756 3 6 as as IN 31756 3 7 follows follow VBZ 31756 3 8 : : : 31756 3 9 Page page NN 31756 3 10 110 110 CD 31756 3 11 : : : 31756 3 12 " " `` 31756 3 13 ... ... NFP 31756 3 14 the the DT 31756 3 15 spindle spindle NN 31756 3 16 , , , 31756 3 17 to to TO 31756 3 18 prevent prevent VB 31756 3 19 ... ... NFP 31756 3 20 " " '' 31756 3 21 ( ( -LRB- 31756 3 22 had have VBD 31756 3 23 " " `` 31756 3 24 pindle pindle NN 31756 3 25 " " '' 31756 3 26 ) ) -RRB- 31756 3 27 Page page NN 31756 3 28 120 120 CD 31756 3 29 : : : 31756 3 30 " " `` 31756 3 31 ... ... : 31756 3 32 servants servant NNS 31756 3 33 à à NNP 31756 3 34 l'intelligence l'intelligence NNP 31756 3 35 de de FW 31756 3 36 plusieurs plusieurs NNP 31756 3 37 choses chose NNS 31756 3 38 difficiles difficiles NNPS 31756 3 39 , , , 31756 3 40 & & CC 31756 3 41 nécessaires nécessaires NNPS 31756 3 42 ... ... : 31756 3 43 " " '' 31756 3 44 ( ( -LRB- 31756 3 45 had have VBD 31756 3 46 " " `` 31756 3 47 a a LS 31756 3 48 , , , 31756 3 49 " " '' 31756 3 50 " " `` 31756 3 51 plusiers plusier NNS 31756 3 52 , , , 31756 3 53 " " '' 31756 3 54 " " `` 31756 3 55 necessaires necessaire NNS 31756 3 56 " " '' 31756 3 57 ) ) -RRB- 31756 3 58 ] ] -RRB- 31756 3 59 SMITHSONIAN SMITHSONIAN NNP 31756 3 60 INSTITUTION institution NN 31756 3 61 UNITED UNITED NNP 31756 3 62 STATES STATES NNP 31756 3 63 NATIONAL NATIONAL NNP 31756 3 64 MUSEUM MUSEUM NNP 31756 3 65 BULLETIN BULLETIN NNP 31756 3 66 240 240 CD 31756 3 67 [ [ -LRB- 31756 3 68 Illustration illustration NN 31756 3 69 ] ] -RRB- 31756 3 70 SMITHSONIAN SMITHSONIAN NNP 31756 3 71 PRESS PRESS NNP 31756 3 72 MUSEUM MUSEUM NNP 31756 3 73 OF of IN 31756 3 74 HISTORY HISTORY NNP 31756 3 75 AND and CC 31756 3 76 TECHNOLOGY TECHNOLOGY NNP 31756 3 77 CONTRIBUTIONS CONTRIBUTIONS NNP 31756 3 78 FROM from IN 31756 3 79 THE the DT 31756 3 80 MUSEUM MUSEUM NNP 31756 3 81 OF of IN 31756 3 82 HISTORY HISTORY NNP 31756 3 83 AND and CC 31756 3 84 TECHNOLOGY TECHNOLOGY NNP 31756 3 85 _ _ NNP 31756 3 86 Papers Papers NNP 31756 3 87 34 34 CD 31756 3 88 - - SYM 31756 3 89 44 44 CD 31756 3 90 _ _ NNP 31756 3 91 _ _ NNP 31756 3 92 On on IN 31756 3 93 Science Science NNP 31756 3 94 and and CC 31756 3 95 Technology Technology NNP 31756 3 96 _ _ NNP 31756 3 97 SMITHSONIAN SMITHSONIAN NNP 31756 3 98 INSTITUTION INSTITUTION NNP 31756 3 99 · · NFP 31756 3 100 WASHINGTON WASHINGTON NNP 31756 3 101 , , , 31756 3 102 D.C. D.C. NNP 31756 3 103 1966 1966 CD 31756 3 104 _ _ NNP 31756 3 105 Publications Publications NNPS 31756 3 106 of of IN 31756 3 107 the the DT 31756 3 108 United United NNP 31756 3 109 States States NNP 31756 3 110 National National NNP 31756 3 111 Museum Museum NNP 31756 3 112 _ _ NNP 31756 3 113 The the DT 31756 3 114 scholarly scholarly JJ 31756 3 115 and and CC 31756 3 116 scientific scientific JJ 31756 3 117 publications publication NNS 31756 3 118 of of IN 31756 3 119 the the DT 31756 3 120 United United NNP 31756 3 121 States States NNP 31756 3 122 National National NNP 31756 3 123 Museum Museum NNP 31756 3 124 include include VBP 31756 3 125 two two CD 31756 3 126 series serie NNS 31756 3 127 , , , 31756 3 128 _ _ NNP 31756 3 129 Proceedings Proceedings NNP 31756 3 130 of of IN 31756 3 131 the the DT 31756 3 132 United United NNP 31756 3 133 States States NNP 31756 3 134 National National NNP 31756 3 135 Museum Museum NNP 31756 3 136 _ _ NNP 31756 3 137 and and CC 31756 3 138 _ _ NNP 31756 3 139 United United NNP 31756 3 140 States States NNP 31756 3 141 National National NNP 31756 3 142 Museum Museum NNP 31756 3 143 Bulletin Bulletin NNP 31756 3 144 _ _ NNP 31756 3 145 . . . 31756 4 1 In in IN 31756 4 2 these these DT 31756 4 3 series series NN 31756 4 4 , , , 31756 4 5 the the DT 31756 4 6 Museum Museum NNP 31756 4 7 publishes publish VBZ 31756 4 8 original original JJ 31756 4 9 articles article NNS 31756 4 10 and and CC 31756 4 11 monographs monographs NNPS 31756 4 12 dealing deal VBG 31756 4 13 with with IN 31756 4 14 the the DT 31756 4 15 collections collection NNS 31756 4 16 and and CC 31756 4 17 work work NN 31756 4 18 of of IN 31756 4 19 its -PRON- PRP$ 31756 4 20 constituent constituent NN 31756 4 21 museums museum NNS 31756 4 22 -- -- : 31756 4 23 The the DT 31756 4 24 Museum Museum NNP 31756 4 25 of of IN 31756 4 26 Natural Natural NNP 31756 4 27 History History NNP 31756 4 28 and and CC 31756 4 29 the the DT 31756 4 30 Museum Museum NNP 31756 4 31 of of IN 31756 4 32 History History NNP 31756 4 33 and and CC 31756 4 34 Technology Technology NNP 31756 4 35 -- -- : 31756 4 36 setting set VBG 31756 4 37 forth forth RP 31756 4 38 newly newly RB 31756 4 39 acquired acquire VBN 31756 4 40 facts fact NNS 31756 4 41 in in IN 31756 4 42 the the DT 31756 4 43 fields field NNS 31756 4 44 of of IN 31756 4 45 anthropology anthropology NN 31756 4 46 , , , 31756 4 47 biology biology NN 31756 4 48 , , , 31756 4 49 history history NN 31756 4 50 , , , 31756 4 51 geology geology NN 31756 4 52 , , , 31756 4 53 and and CC 31756 4 54 technology technology NN 31756 4 55 . . . 31756 5 1 Copies copy NNS 31756 5 2 of of IN 31756 5 3 each each DT 31756 5 4 publication publication NN 31756 5 5 are be VBP 31756 5 6 distributed distribute VBN 31756 5 7 to to IN 31756 5 8 libraries library NNS 31756 5 9 , , , 31756 5 10 to to IN 31756 5 11 cultural cultural JJ 31756 5 12 and and CC 31756 5 13 scientific scientific JJ 31756 5 14 organizations organization NNS 31756 5 15 , , , 31756 5 16 and and CC 31756 5 17 to to IN 31756 5 18 specialists specialist NNS 31756 5 19 and and CC 31756 5 20 others other NNS 31756 5 21 interested interested JJ 31756 5 22 in in IN 31756 5 23 the the DT 31756 5 24 different different JJ 31756 5 25 subjects subject NNS 31756 5 26 . . . 31756 6 1 The the DT 31756 6 2 _ _ NNP 31756 6 3 Proceedings Proceedings NNP 31756 6 4 _ _ NNP 31756 6 5 , , , 31756 6 6 begun begin VBN 31756 6 7 in in IN 31756 6 8 1878 1878 CD 31756 6 9 , , , 31756 6 10 are be VBP 31756 6 11 intended intend VBN 31756 6 12 for for IN 31756 6 13 the the DT 31756 6 14 publication publication NN 31756 6 15 , , , 31756 6 16 in in IN 31756 6 17 separate separate JJ 31756 6 18 form form NN 31756 6 19 , , , 31756 6 20 of of IN 31756 6 21 shorter short JJR 31756 6 22 papers paper NNS 31756 6 23 from from IN 31756 6 24 the the DT 31756 6 25 Museum Museum NNP 31756 6 26 of of IN 31756 6 27 Natural Natural NNP 31756 6 28 History History NNP 31756 6 29 . . . 31756 7 1 These these DT 31756 7 2 are be VBP 31756 7 3 gathered gather VBN 31756 7 4 in in IN 31756 7 5 volumes volume NNS 31756 7 6 , , , 31756 7 7 octavo octavo JJ 31756 7 8 in in IN 31756 7 9 size size NN 31756 7 10 , , , 31756 7 11 with with IN 31756 7 12 the the DT 31756 7 13 publication publication NN 31756 7 14 date date NN 31756 7 15 of of IN 31756 7 16 each each DT 31756 7 17 paper paper NN 31756 7 18 recorded record VBN 31756 7 19 in in IN 31756 7 20 the the DT 31756 7 21 table table NN 31756 7 22 of of IN 31756 7 23 contents content NNS 31756 7 24 of of IN 31756 7 25 the the DT 31756 7 26 volume volume NN 31756 7 27 . . . 31756 8 1 In in IN 31756 8 2 the the DT 31756 8 3 _ _ NNP 31756 8 4 Bulletin Bulletin NNP 31756 8 5 _ _ NNP 31756 8 6 series series NN 31756 8 7 , , , 31756 8 8 the the DT 31756 8 9 first first JJ 31756 8 10 of of IN 31756 8 11 which which WDT 31756 8 12 was be VBD 31756 8 13 issued issue VBN 31756 8 14 in in IN 31756 8 15 1875 1875 CD 31756 8 16 , , , 31756 8 17 appear appear VB 31756 8 18 longer long RBR 31756 8 19 , , , 31756 8 20 separate separate JJ 31756 8 21 publications publication NNS 31756 8 22 consisting consist VBG 31756 8 23 of of IN 31756 8 24 monographs monographs NNP 31756 8 25 ( ( -LRB- 31756 8 26 occasionally occasionally RB 31756 8 27 in in IN 31756 8 28 several several JJ 31756 8 29 parts part NNS 31756 8 30 ) ) -RRB- 31756 8 31 and and CC 31756 8 32 volumes volume NNS 31756 8 33 in in IN 31756 8 34 which which WDT 31756 8 35 are be VBP 31756 8 36 collected collect VBN 31756 8 37 works work NNS 31756 8 38 on on IN 31756 8 39 related related JJ 31756 8 40 subjects subject NNS 31756 8 41 . . . 31756 9 1 _ _ NNP 31756 9 2 Bulletins Bulletins NNP 31756 9 3 _ _ NNP 31756 9 4 are be VBP 31756 9 5 either either DT 31756 9 6 octavo octavo NNP 31756 9 7 or or CC 31756 9 8 quarto quarto NNP 31756 9 9 in in IN 31756 9 10 size size NN 31756 9 11 , , , 31756 9 12 depending depend VBG 31756 9 13 on on IN 31756 9 14 the the DT 31756 9 15 needs need NNS 31756 9 16 of of IN 31756 9 17 the the DT 31756 9 18 presentation presentation NN 31756 9 19 . . . 31756 10 1 Since since IN 31756 10 2 1902 1902 CD 31756 10 3 papers paper NNS 31756 10 4 relating relate VBG 31756 10 5 to to IN 31756 10 6 the the DT 31756 10 7 botanical botanical JJ 31756 10 8 collections collection NNS 31756 10 9 of of IN 31756 10 10 the the DT 31756 10 11 Museum Museum NNP 31756 10 12 of of IN 31756 10 13 Natural Natural NNP 31756 10 14 History History NNP 31756 10 15 have have VBP 31756 10 16 been be VBN 31756 10 17 published publish VBN 31756 10 18 in in IN 31756 10 19 the the DT 31756 10 20 _ _ NNP 31756 10 21 Bulletin Bulletin NNP 31756 10 22 _ _ NNP 31756 10 23 series series NN 31756 10 24 under under IN 31756 10 25 the the DT 31756 10 26 heading heading NN 31756 10 27 _ _ NNP 31756 10 28 Contributions Contributions NNP 31756 10 29 from from IN 31756 10 30 the the DT 31756 10 31 United United NNP 31756 10 32 States States NNP 31756 10 33 National National NNP 31756 10 34 Herbarium Herbarium NNP 31756 10 35 _ _ NNP 31756 10 36 , , , 31756 10 37 and and CC 31756 10 38 since since IN 31756 10 39 1959 1959 CD 31756 10 40 , , , 31756 10 41 in in IN 31756 10 42 _ _ NNP 31756 10 43 Bulletins Bulletins NNP 31756 10 44 _ _ NNP 31756 10 45 titled title VBD 31756 10 46 " " `` 31756 10 47 Contributions contribution NNS 31756 10 48 from from IN 31756 10 49 the the DT 31756 10 50 Museum Museum NNP 31756 10 51 of of IN 31756 10 52 History History NNP 31756 10 53 and and CC 31756 10 54 Technology Technology NNP 31756 10 55 , , , 31756 10 56 " " '' 31756 10 57 have have VBP 31756 10 58 been be VBN 31756 10 59 gathered gather VBN 31756 10 60 shorter short JJR 31756 10 61 papers paper NNS 31756 10 62 relating relate VBG 31756 10 63 to to IN 31756 10 64 the the DT 31756 10 65 collections collection NNS 31756 10 66 and and CC 31756 10 67 research research NN 31756 10 68 of of IN 31756 10 69 that that DT 31756 10 70 Museum Museum NNP 31756 10 71 . . . 31756 11 1 The the DT 31756 11 2 present present JJ 31756 11 3 collection collection NN 31756 11 4 of of IN 31756 11 5 Contributions Contributions NNPS 31756 11 6 , , , 31756 11 7 Papers Papers NNP 31756 11 8 34 34 CD 31756 11 9 - - SYM 31756 11 10 44 44 CD 31756 11 11 , , , 31756 11 12 comprises comprise VBZ 31756 11 13 Bulletin Bulletin NNP 31756 11 14 240 240 CD 31756 11 15 . . . 31756 12 1 Each each DT 31756 12 2 of of IN 31756 12 3 these these DT 31756 12 4 papers paper NNS 31756 12 5 has have VBZ 31756 12 6 been be VBN 31756 12 7 previously previously RB 31756 12 8 published publish VBN 31756 12 9 in in IN 31756 12 10 separate separate JJ 31756 12 11 form form NN 31756 12 12 . . . 31756 13 1 The the DT 31756 13 2 year year NN 31756 13 3 of of IN 31756 13 4 publication publication NN 31756 13 5 is be VBZ 31756 13 6 shown show VBN 31756 13 7 on on IN 31756 13 8 the the DT 31756 13 9 last last JJ 31756 13 10 page page NN 31756 13 11 of of IN 31756 13 12 each each DT 31756 13 13 paper paper NN 31756 13 14 . . . 31756 14 1 FRANK FRANK NNP 31756 14 2 A. a. NN 31756 14 3 TAYLOR TAYLOR NNP 31756 14 4 _ _ NNP 31756 14 5 Director Director NNP 31756 14 6 , , , 31756 14 7 United United NNP 31756 14 8 States States NNP 31756 14 9 National National NNP 31756 14 10 Museum Museum NNP 31756 14 11 _ _ NNP 31756 14 12 CONTRIBUTIONS CONTRIBUTIONS NNP 31756 14 13 FROM from IN 31756 14 14 THE the DT 31756 14 15 MUSEUM MUSEUM NNP 31756 14 16 OF of IN 31756 14 17 HISTORY HISTORY NNP 31756 14 18 AND and CC 31756 14 19 TECHNOLOGY TECHNOLOGY NNP 31756 14 20 : : : 31756 14 21 PAPER paper NN 31756 14 22 37 37 CD 31756 14 23 SCREW screw NN 31756 14 24 - - HYPH 31756 14 25 THREAD thread NN 31756 14 26 CUTTING cutting NN 31756 14 27 BY by IN 31756 14 28 THE the DT 31756 14 29 MASTER MASTER NNP 31756 14 30 - - HYPH 31756 14 31 SCREW SCREW NNP 31756 14 32 METHOD METHOD NNP 31756 14 33 SINCE SINCE NNP 31756 14 34 1480 1480 CD 31756 14 35 _ _ NNP 31756 14 36 Edwin Edwin NNP 31756 14 37 A. a. NN 31756 14 38 Battison Battison NNP 31756 14 39 _ _ NNP 31756 14 40 _ _ NNP 31756 14 41 Edwin Edwin NNP 31756 14 42 A. a. NN 31756 14 43 Battison Battison NNP 31756 14 44 _ _ NNP 31756 14 45 SCREW SCREW NNP 31756 14 46 - - HYPH 31756 14 47 THREAD THREAD NNP 31756 14 48 CUTTING cutting NN 31756 14 49 BY by IN 31756 14 50 THE the DT 31756 14 51 MASTER MASTER NNP 31756 14 52 - - HYPH 31756 14 53 SCREW SCREW NNP 31756 14 54 METHOD METHOD NNP 31756 14 55 SINCE SINCE NNP 31756 14 56 1480 1480 CD 31756 14 57 _ _ XX 31756 14 58 Among among IN 31756 14 59 the the DT 31756 14 60 earliest early JJS 31756 14 61 known know VBN 31756 14 62 examples example NNS 31756 14 63 of of IN 31756 14 64 screw screw NN 31756 14 65 - - HYPH 31756 14 66 thread thread NN 31756 14 67 cutting cut VBG 31756 14 68 machines machine NNS 31756 14 69 are be VBP 31756 14 70 the the DT 31756 14 71 screw screw NN 31756 14 72 - - HYPH 31756 14 73 cutting cut VBG 31756 14 74 lathe lathe NN 31756 14 75 of of IN 31756 14 76 1483 1483 CD 31756 14 77 , , , 31756 14 78 known know VBN 31756 14 79 only only RB 31756 14 80 in in IN 31756 14 81 pictures picture NNS 31756 14 82 and and CC 31756 14 83 drawings drawing NNS 31756 14 84 , , , 31756 14 85 and and CC 31756 14 86 an an DT 31756 14 87 instrument instrument NN 31756 14 88 of of IN 31756 14 89 the the DT 31756 14 90 traverse traverse JJ 31756 14 91 - - HYPH 31756 14 92 spindle spindle NN 31756 14 93 variety variety NN 31756 14 94 for for IN 31756 14 95 threading thread VBG 31756 14 96 metal metal NN 31756 14 97 , , , 31756 14 98 now now RB 31756 14 99 in in IN 31756 14 100 the the DT 31756 14 101 Smithsonian Smithsonian NNP 31756 14 102 Institution Institution NNP 31756 14 103 , , , 31756 14 104 dating date VBG 31756 14 105 from from IN 31756 14 106 the the DT 31756 14 107 late late JJ 31756 14 108 17th 17th JJ 31756 14 109 or or CC 31756 14 110 early early JJ 31756 14 111 18th 18th JJ 31756 14 112 century century NN 31756 14 113 . . . 31756 15 1 The the DT 31756 15 2 author author NN 31756 15 3 shows show VBZ 31756 15 4 clearly clearly RB 31756 15 5 their -PRON- PRP$ 31756 15 6 evolution evolution NN 31756 15 7 from from IN 31756 15 8 something something NN 31756 15 9 quite quite RB 31756 15 10 specialized specialized JJ 31756 15 11 to to IN 31756 15 12 the the DT 31756 15 13 present present JJ 31756 15 14 - - HYPH 31756 15 15 day day NN 31756 15 16 tool tool NN 31756 15 17 . . . 31756 16 1 He -PRON- PRP 31756 16 2 has have VBZ 31756 16 3 traced trace VBN 31756 16 4 the the DT 31756 16 5 patents patent NNS 31756 16 6 for for IN 31756 16 7 these these DT 31756 16 8 instruments instrument NNS 31756 16 9 through through IN 31756 16 10 the the DT 31756 16 11 early early JJ 31756 16 12 1930 1930 CD 31756 16 13 's 's POS 31756 16 14 and and CC 31756 16 15 from from IN 31756 16 16 this this DT 31756 16 17 research research NN 31756 16 18 we -PRON- PRP 31756 16 19 see see VBP 31756 16 20 the the DT 31756 16 21 part part NN 31756 16 22 played play VBN 31756 16 23 by by IN 31756 16 24 such such JJ 31756 16 25 devices device NNS 31756 16 26 in in IN 31756 16 27 the the DT 31756 16 28 development development NN 31756 16 29 of of IN 31756 16 30 the the DT 31756 16 31 machine machine NN 31756 16 32 - - HYPH 31756 16 33 tool tool NN 31756 16 34 industry industry NN 31756 16 35 . . . 31756 16 36 _ _ NNP 31756 16 37 THE the DT 31756 16 38 AUTHOR AUTHOR NNP 31756 16 39 : : : 31756 16 40 _ _ NNP 31756 16 41 Edwin Edwin NNP 31756 16 42 A. a. NN 31756 16 43 Battison Battison NNP 31756 16 44 is be VBZ 31756 16 45 associate associate JJ 31756 16 46 curator curator NN 31756 16 47 of of IN 31756 16 48 mechanical mechanical JJ 31756 16 49 and and CC 31756 16 50 civil civil JJ 31756 16 51 engineering engineering NN 31756 16 52 in in IN 31756 16 53 the the DT 31756 16 54 Smithsonian Smithsonian NNP 31756 16 55 Institution Institution NNP 31756 16 56 's 's POS 31756 16 57 Museum Museum NNP 31756 16 58 of of IN 31756 16 59 History History NNP 31756 16 60 and and CC 31756 16 61 Technology Technology NNP 31756 16 62 . . . 31756 16 63 _ _ NNP 31756 16 64 Directness Directness NNP 31756 16 65 and and CC 31756 16 66 simplicity simplicity NN 31756 16 67 characterize characterize VBP 31756 16 68 pioneer pioneer NN 31756 16 69 machine machine NN 31756 16 70 tools tool NNS 31756 16 71 because because IN 31756 16 72 they -PRON- PRP 31756 16 73 were be VBD 31756 16 74 intended intend VBN 31756 16 75 to to TO 31756 16 76 accomplish accomplish VB 31756 16 77 some some DT 31756 16 78 quite quite RB 31756 16 79 specialized specialized JJ 31756 16 80 task task NN 31756 16 81 and and CC 31756 16 82 the the DT 31756 16 83 need need NN 31756 16 84 for for IN 31756 16 85 versatility versatility NN 31756 16 86 was be VBD 31756 16 87 not not RB 31756 16 88 apparent apparent JJ 31756 16 89 . . . 31756 17 1 History history NN 31756 17 2 does do VBZ 31756 17 3 not not RB 31756 17 4 reveal reveal VB 31756 17 5 the the DT 31756 17 6 earliest early JJS 31756 17 7 forms form NNS 31756 17 8 of of IN 31756 17 9 any any DT 31756 17 10 primitive primitive JJ 31756 17 11 machines machine NNS 31756 17 12 nor nor CC 31756 17 13 does do VBZ 31756 17 14 it -PRON- PRP 31756 17 15 reveal reveal VB 31756 17 16 much much JJ 31756 17 17 about about IN 31756 17 18 the the DT 31756 17 19 various various JJ 31756 17 20 early early JJ 31756 17 21 stages stage NNS 31756 17 22 in in IN 31756 17 23 evolution evolution NN 31756 17 24 toward toward IN 31756 17 25 more more JJR 31756 17 26 complex complex JJ 31756 17 27 types type NNS 31756 17 28 . . . 31756 18 1 At at IN 31756 18 2 best good JJS 31756 18 3 we -PRON- PRP 31756 18 4 have have VBP 31756 18 5 discovered discover VBN 31756 18 6 and and CC 31756 18 7 dated date VBN 31756 18 8 certain certain JJ 31756 18 9 developments development NNS 31756 18 10 as as IN 31756 18 11 existing exist VBG 31756 18 12 in in IN 31756 18 13 particular particular JJ 31756 18 14 areas area NNS 31756 18 15 . . . 31756 19 1 Whether whether IN 31756 19 2 these these DT 31756 19 3 forms form NNS 31756 19 4 were be VBD 31756 19 5 new new JJ 31756 19 6 at at IN 31756 19 7 the the DT 31756 19 8 time time NN 31756 19 9 they -PRON- PRP 31756 19 10 were be VBD 31756 19 11 first first RB 31756 19 12 found find VBN 31756 19 13 or or CC 31756 19 14 how how WRB 31756 19 15 widely widely RB 31756 19 16 dispersed disperse VBD 31756 19 17 such such JJ 31756 19 18 forms form NNS 31756 19 19 may may MD 31756 19 20 have have VB 31756 19 21 been be VBN 31756 19 22 is be VBZ 31756 19 23 unknown unknown JJ 31756 19 24 . . . 31756 20 1 Surviving survive VBG 31756 20 2 evidence evidence NN 31756 20 3 is be VBZ 31756 20 4 in in IN 31756 20 5 the the DT 31756 20 6 form form NN 31756 20 7 of of IN 31756 20 8 pictures picture NNS 31756 20 9 or or CC 31756 20 10 drawings drawing NNS 31756 20 11 , , , 31756 20 12 such such JJ 31756 20 13 as as IN 31756 20 14 the the DT 31756 20 15 little little RB 31756 20 16 - - HYPH 31756 20 17 known know VBN 31756 20 18 screw screw NN 31756 20 19 - - HYPH 31756 20 20 cutting cut VBG 31756 20 21 lathe lathe NN 31756 20 22 of of IN 31756 20 23 1483 1483 CD 31756 20 24 ( ( -LRB- 31756 20 25 fig fig NN 31756 20 26 . . . 31756 21 1 1 1 LS 31756 21 2 ) ) -RRB- 31756 21 3 shown show VBN 31756 21 4 in in IN 31756 21 5 _ _ NNP 31756 21 6 Das Das NNP 31756 21 7 mittelalterliche mittelalterliche NNP 31756 21 8 Hausbuch Hausbuch NNP 31756 21 9 _ _ NNP 31756 21 10 . . . 31756 22 1 This this DT 31756 22 2 lathe lathe NN 31756 22 3 shows show VBZ 31756 22 4 that that IN 31756 22 5 its -PRON- PRP$ 31756 22 6 builder builder NN 31756 22 7 had have VBD 31756 22 8 a a DT 31756 22 9 keen keen JJ 31756 22 10 perception perception NN 31756 22 11 of of IN 31756 22 12 the the DT 31756 22 13 necessary necessary JJ 31756 22 14 elements element NNS 31756 22 15 , , , 31756 22 16 reduced reduce VBN 31756 22 17 to to IN 31756 22 18 bare bare JJ 31756 22 19 essentials essential NNS 31756 22 20 , , , 31756 22 21 required require VBN 31756 22 22 to to TO 31756 22 23 accomplish accomplish VB 31756 22 24 the the DT 31756 22 25 object object NN 31756 22 26 . . . 31756 23 1 Present present JJ 31756 23 2 are be VBP 31756 23 3 the the DT 31756 23 4 coordinate coordinate JJ 31756 23 5 slides slide NNS 31756 23 6 often often RB 31756 23 7 credited credit VBN 31756 23 8 to to IN 31756 23 9 Henry Henry NNP 31756 23 10 Maudslay Maudslay NNP 31756 23 11 . . . 31756 24 1 His -PRON- PRP$ 31756 24 2 slides slide NNS 31756 24 3 are be VBP 31756 24 4 not not RB 31756 24 5 , , , 31756 24 6 of of IN 31756 24 7 course course NN 31756 24 8 , , , 31756 24 9 associated associate VBN 31756 24 10 with with IN 31756 24 11 the the DT 31756 24 12 spindle spindle NN 31756 24 13 ; ; : 31756 24 14 neither neither DT 31756 24 15 is be VBZ 31756 24 16 there there EX 31756 24 17 any any DT 31756 24 18 natural natural JJ 31756 24 19 law law NN 31756 24 20 which which WDT 31756 24 21 compels compel VBZ 31756 24 22 them -PRON- PRP 31756 24 23 to to TO 31756 24 24 guide guide VB 31756 24 25 the the DT 31756 24 26 tool tool NN 31756 24 27 exactly exactly RB 31756 24 28 parallel parallel JJ 31756 24 29 with with IN 31756 24 30 the the DT 31756 24 31 axis axis NN 31756 24 32 of of IN 31756 24 33 revolution revolution NN 31756 24 34 . . . 31756 25 1 In in IN 31756 25 2 this this DT 31756 25 3 sense sense NN 31756 25 4 the the DT 31756 25 5 screw screw NN 31756 25 6 - - HYPH 31756 25 7 cutting cut VBG 31756 25 8 lathe lathe NN 31756 25 9 in in IN 31756 25 10 the the DT 31756 25 11 _ _ NNP 31756 25 12 Hausbuch Hausbuch NNP 31756 25 13 _ _ NNP 31756 25 14 is be VBZ 31756 25 15 superior superior JJ 31756 25 16 because because IN 31756 25 17 it -PRON- PRP 31756 25 18 is be VBZ 31756 25 19 in in IN 31756 25 20 harmony harmony NN 31756 25 21 with with IN 31756 25 22 natural natural JJ 31756 25 23 law law NN 31756 25 24 and and CC 31756 25 25 can can MD 31756 25 26 generate generate VB 31756 25 27 a a DT 31756 25 28 true true JJ 31756 25 29 cylinder cylinder NN 31756 25 30 , , , 31756 25 31 whereas whereas IN 31756 25 32 Maudslay Maudslay NNP 31756 25 33 's 's POS 31756 25 34 lathe lathe NN 31756 25 35 can can MD 31756 25 36 only only RB 31756 25 37 transfer transfer VB 31756 25 38 to to IN 31756 25 39 the the DT 31756 25 40 work work NN 31756 25 41 whatever whatever WDT 31756 25 42 accuracy accuracy NN 31756 25 43 is be VBZ 31756 25 44 built build VBN 31756 25 45 into into IN 31756 25 46 it -PRON- PRP 31756 25 47 . . . 31756 26 1 In in IN 31756 26 2 principle principle NN 31756 26 3 this this DT 31756 26 4 machine machine NN 31756 26 5 shown show VBN 31756 26 6 in in IN 31756 26 7 the the DT 31756 26 8 _ _ NNP 31756 26 9 Hausbuch Hausbuch NNP 31756 26 10 _ _ NNP 31756 26 11 is be VBZ 31756 26 12 very very RB 31756 26 13 advanced advanced JJ 31756 26 14 as as IN 31756 26 15 we -PRON- PRP 31756 26 16 see see VBP 31756 26 17 when when WRB 31756 26 18 we -PRON- PRP 31756 26 19 follow follow VBP 31756 26 20 the the DT 31756 26 21 design design NN 31756 26 22 through through IN 31756 26 23 to to IN 31756 26 24 the the DT 31756 26 25 present present JJ 31756 26 26 time time NN 31756 26 27 . . . 31756 27 1 The the DT 31756 27 2 artist artist NN 31756 27 3 , , , 31756 27 4 whose whose WP$ 31756 27 5 drawings drawing NNS 31756 27 6 give give VBP 31756 27 7 us -PRON- PRP 31756 27 8 our -PRON- PRP$ 31756 27 9 only only JJ 31756 27 10 knowledge knowledge NN 31756 27 11 of of IN 31756 27 12 the the DT 31756 27 13 machine machine NN 31756 27 14 , , , 31756 27 15 himself -PRON- PRP 31756 27 16 was be VBD 31756 27 17 obviously obviously RB 31756 27 18 not not RB 31756 27 19 very very RB 31756 27 20 familiar familiar JJ 31756 27 21 with with IN 31756 27 22 the the DT 31756 27 23 details detail NNS 31756 27 24 of of IN 31756 27 25 its -PRON- PRP$ 31756 27 26 function function NN 31756 27 27 . . . 31756 28 1 Reference reference NN 31756 28 2 to to TO 31756 28 3 figure figure VB 31756 28 4 1 1 CD 31756 28 5 shows show NNS 31756 28 6 that that IN 31756 28 7 the the DT 31756 28 8 threads thread NNS 31756 28 9 on on IN 31756 28 10 the the DT 31756 28 11 lead lead JJ 31756 28 12 screw screw NN 31756 28 13 and and CC 31756 28 14 on on IN 31756 28 15 the the DT 31756 28 16 work work NN 31756 28 17 , , , 31756 28 18 wind wind NN 31756 28 19 in in IN 31756 28 20 opposite opposite JJ 31756 28 21 directions direction NNS 31756 28 22 . . . 31756 29 1 This this DT 31756 29 2 must must MD 31756 29 3 be be VB 31756 29 4 an an DT 31756 29 5 error error NN 31756 29 6 in in IN 31756 29 7 delineation delineation NN 31756 29 8 since since IN 31756 29 9 the the DT 31756 29 10 two two CD 31756 29 11 are be VBP 31756 29 12 closely closely RB 31756 29 13 coupled couple VBN 31756 29 14 together together RB 31756 29 15 without without IN 31756 29 16 any any DT 31756 29 17 intervening intervene VBG 31756 29 18 mechanism mechanism NN 31756 29 19 so so IN 31756 29 20 that that IN 31756 29 21 the the DT 31756 29 22 only only JJ 31756 29 23 possible possible JJ 31756 29 24 result result NN 31756 29 25 on on IN 31756 29 26 the the DT 31756 29 27 work work NN 31756 29 28 must must MD 31756 29 29 be be VB 31756 29 30 a a DT 31756 29 31 thread thread NN 31756 29 32 winding wind VBG 31756 29 33 in in IN 31756 29 34 the the DT 31756 29 35 same same JJ 31756 29 36 direction direction NN 31756 29 37 as as IN 31756 29 38 on on IN 31756 29 39 the the DT 31756 29 40 original original JJ 31756 29 41 screw screw NN 31756 29 42 . . . 31756 30 1 The the DT 31756 30 2 work work NN 31756 30 3 also also RB 31756 30 4 is be VBZ 31756 30 5 shown show VBN 31756 30 6 threaded thread VBN 31756 30 7 for for IN 31756 30 8 its -PRON- PRP$ 31756 30 9 entire entire JJ 31756 30 10 length length NN 31756 30 11 ; ; : 31756 30 12 this this DT 31756 30 13 can can MD 31756 30 14 not not RB 31756 30 15 be be VB 31756 30 16 accomplished accomplish VBN 31756 30 17 with with IN 31756 30 18 any any DT 31756 30 19 one one CD 31756 30 20 location location NN 31756 30 21 of of IN 31756 30 22 the the DT 31756 30 23 cross cross NN 31756 30 24 - - NN 31756 30 25 slide slide NN 31756 30 26 . . . 31756 31 1 We -PRON- PRP 31756 31 2 are be VBP 31756 31 3 left leave VBN 31756 31 4 with with IN 31756 31 5 the the DT 31756 31 6 question question NN 31756 31 7 of of IN 31756 31 8 whether whether IN 31756 31 9 this this DT 31756 31 10 slide slide NN 31756 31 11 was be VBD 31756 31 12 used use VBN 31756 31 13 in in IN 31756 31 14 two two CD 31756 31 15 locations location NNS 31756 31 16 or or CC 31756 31 17 whether whether IN 31756 31 18 the the DT 31756 31 19 artist artist NN 31756 31 20 , , , 31756 31 21 possibly possibly RB 31756 31 22 working work VBG 31756 31 23 from from IN 31756 31 24 notes note NNS 31756 31 25 or or CC 31756 31 26 an an DT 31756 31 27 earlier early RBR 31756 31 28 rough rough JJ 31756 31 29 sketch sketch NN 31756 31 30 , , , 31756 31 31 failed fail VBD 31756 31 32 to to TO 31756 31 33 show show VB 31756 31 34 an an DT 31756 31 35 unthreaded unthreaded JJ 31756 31 36 portion portion NN 31756 31 37 on on IN 31756 31 38 one one CD 31756 31 39 end end NN 31756 31 40 or or CC 31756 31 41 the the DT 31756 31 42 other other JJ 31756 31 43 of of IN 31756 31 44 the the DT 31756 31 45 work work NN 31756 31 46 . . . 31756 32 1 [ [ -LRB- 31756 32 2 Illustration illustration NN 31756 32 3 : : : 31756 32 4 Figure figure NN 31756 32 5 1.--EARLIEST 1.--EARLIEST NNP 31756 32 6 REPRESENTATION REPRESENTATION NNS 31756 32 7 FOUND find VBN 31756 32 8 OF of IN 31756 32 9 A a DT 31756 32 10 MASTER MASTER NNP 31756 32 11 - - HYPH 31756 32 12 SCREW screw NN 31756 32 13 TYPE TYPE NNP 31756 32 14 of of IN 31756 32 15 thread thread NN 31756 32 16 - - HYPH 31756 32 17 cutting cut VBG 31756 32 18 machine machine NN 31756 32 19 . . . 31756 33 1 From from IN 31756 33 2 the the DT 31756 33 3 inconsistencies inconsistency NNS 31756 33 4 , , , 31756 33 5 such such JJ 31756 33 6 as as IN 31756 33 7 right- right- JJ 31756 33 8 and and CC 31756 33 9 left left JJ 31756 33 10 - - HYPH 31756 33 11 hand hand NN 31756 33 12 threads thread NNS 31756 33 13 on on IN 31756 33 14 master master NN 31756 33 15 and and CC 31756 33 16 work work NN 31756 33 17 , , , 31756 33 18 it -PRON- PRP 31756 33 19 appears appear VBZ 31756 33 20 that that IN 31756 33 21 the the DT 31756 33 22 artist artist NN 31756 33 23 had have VBD 31756 33 24 scant scant JJ 31756 33 25 insight insight NN 31756 33 26 into into IN 31756 33 27 actual actual JJ 31756 33 28 function function NN 31756 33 29 . . . 31756 34 1 From from IN 31756 34 2 plate plate NN 31756 34 3 62 62 CD 31756 34 4 of of IN 31756 34 5 _ _ NNP 31756 34 6 Das Das NNP 31756 34 7 mittelalterliche mittelalterliche NNP 31756 34 8 Hausbuch Hausbuch NNP 31756 34 9 , , , 31756 34 10 nach nach RB 31756 34 11 dem dem NNP 31756 34 12 Originale Originale NNP 31756 34 13 i -PRON- PRP 31756 34 14 m be VBP 31756 34 15 Besitze Besitze NNP 31756 34 16 des des NNP 31756 34 17 Fürsten Fürsten NNP 31756 34 18 von von NNP 31756 34 19 Waldburg Waldburg NNP 31756 34 20 - - HYPH 31756 34 21 Wolfegg Wolfegg NNP 31756 34 22 - - HYPH 31756 34 23 Waldsee Waldsee NNP 31756 34 24 , , , 31756 34 25 i -PRON- PRP 31756 34 26 m be VBP 31756 34 27 Auftrage Auftrage NNP 31756 34 28 des des NNP 31756 34 29 Deutschen Deutschen NNP 31756 34 30 Vereins Vereins NNP 31756 34 31 für für NN 31756 34 32 Kunstwissenschaft Kunstwissenschaft NNP 31756 34 33 , , , 31756 34 34 herausgegeben herausgegeben NNP 31756 34 35 von von NNP 31756 34 36 Helmuth Helmuth NNP 31756 34 37 Th Th NNP 31756 34 38 . . . 31756 35 1 Bossert Bossert NNP 31756 35 2 und und JJ 31756 35 3 Willy Willy NNP 31756 35 4 F. F. NNP 31756 35 5 Storck Storck NNP 31756 35 6 _ _ NNP 31756 35 7 ( ( -LRB- 31756 35 8 Leipzig Leipzig NNP 31756 35 9 : : : 31756 35 10 E. E. NNP 31756 35 11 A. A. NNP 31756 35 12 Seemann Seemann NNP 31756 35 13 , , , 31756 35 14 1912 1912 CD 31756 35 15 ) ) -RRB- 31756 35 16 . . . 31756 35 17 ] ] -RRB- 31756 36 1 Of of IN 31756 36 2 at at IN 31756 36 3 least least JJS 31756 36 4 equal equal JJ 31756 36 5 importance importance NN 31756 36 6 with with IN 31756 36 7 the the DT 31756 36 8 lead lead JJ 31756 36 9 screw screw NN 31756 36 10 and and CC 31756 36 11 work work NN 31756 36 12 and and CC 31756 36 13 their -PRON- PRP$ 31756 36 14 relationship relationship NN 31756 36 15 to to IN 31756 36 16 each each DT 31756 36 17 other other JJ 31756 36 18 is be VBZ 31756 36 19 the the DT 31756 36 20 tool tool NN 31756 36 21 - - HYPH 31756 36 22 support support NN 31756 36 23 with with IN 31756 36 24 its -PRON- PRP$ 31756 36 25 screw screw NN 31756 36 26 - - HYPH 31756 36 27 adjusted adjust VBN 31756 36 28 cross cross JJ 31756 36 29 - - NN 31756 36 30 slide slide NN 31756 36 31 ( ( -LRB- 31756 36 32 fig fig NN 31756 36 33 . . . 31756 37 1 2 2 LS 31756 37 2 ) ) -RRB- 31756 37 3 . . . 31756 38 1 Just just RB 31756 38 2 how how WRB 31756 38 3 this this DT 31756 38 4 was be VBD 31756 38 5 attached attach VBN 31756 38 6 to to IN 31756 38 7 the the DT 31756 38 8 frame frame NN 31756 38 9 of of IN 31756 38 10 the the DT 31756 38 11 machine machine NN 31756 38 12 so so IN 31756 38 13 that that IN 31756 38 14 it -PRON- PRP 31756 38 15 placed place VBD 31756 38 16 the the DT 31756 38 17 tool tool NN 31756 38 18 at at IN 31756 38 19 a a DT 31756 38 20 suitable suitable JJ 31756 38 21 radius radius NN 31756 38 22 is be VBZ 31756 38 23 again again RB 31756 38 24 a a DT 31756 38 25 questionable questionable JJ 31756 38 26 point point NN 31756 38 27 . . . 31756 39 1 The the DT 31756 39 2 very very RB 31756 39 3 well well RB 31756 39 4 - - HYPH 31756 39 5 developed develop VBN 31756 39 6 cutting cut VBG 31756 39 7 tool tool NN 31756 39 8 is be VBZ 31756 39 9 sharpened sharpen VBN 31756 39 10 to to IN 31756 39 11 a a DT 31756 39 12 thin thin JJ 31756 39 13 , , , 31756 39 14 keen keen JJ 31756 39 15 edge edge NN 31756 39 16 totally totally RB 31756 39 17 unsuited unsuited JJ 31756 39 18 for for IN 31756 39 19 cutting cut VBG 31756 39 20 metal metal NN 31756 39 21 but but CC 31756 39 22 ideal ideal JJ 31756 39 23 for for IN 31756 39 24 use use NN 31756 39 25 on on IN 31756 39 26 a a DT 31756 39 27 softer soft JJR 31756 39 28 , , , 31756 39 29 fibrous fibrous JJ 31756 39 30 substance substance NN 31756 39 31 : : : 31756 39 32 undoubtedly undoubtedly JJ 31756 39 33 wood wood NN 31756 39 34 , , , 31756 39 35 in in IN 31756 39 36 this this DT 31756 39 37 instance instance NN 31756 39 38 . . . 31756 40 1 Unfortunately unfortunately RB 31756 40 2 , , , 31756 40 3 the the DT 31756 40 4 angle angle NN 31756 40 5 at at IN 31756 40 6 which which WDT 31756 40 7 the the DT 31756 40 8 artist artist NN 31756 40 9 chose choose VBD 31756 40 10 to to TO 31756 40 11 show show VB 31756 40 12 us -PRON- PRP 31756 40 13 this this DT 31756 40 14 cutter cutter NN 31756 40 15 is be VBZ 31756 40 16 not not RB 31756 40 17 a a DT 31756 40 18 view view NN 31756 40 19 from from IN 31756 40 20 which which WDT 31756 40 21 it -PRON- PRP 31756 40 22 is be VBZ 31756 40 23 possible possible JJ 31756 40 24 to to TO 31756 40 25 judge judge VB 31756 40 26 whether whether IN 31756 40 27 or or CC 31756 40 28 not not RB 31756 40 29 the the DT 31756 40 30 tool tool NN 31756 40 31 has have VBZ 31756 40 32 been be VBN 31756 40 33 made make VBN 31756 40 34 to to TO 31756 40 35 conform conform VB 31756 40 36 to to IN 31756 40 37 the the DT 31756 40 38 helix helix JJ 31756 40 39 angle angle NN 31756 40 40 of of IN 31756 40 41 the the DT 31756 40 42 thread thread NN 31756 40 43 to to TO 31756 40 44 be be VB 31756 40 45 cut cut VBN 31756 40 46 . . . 31756 41 1 This this DT 31756 41 2 cross cross NN 31756 41 3 - - NN 31756 41 4 slide slide NN 31756 41 5 , , , 31756 41 6 in in IN 31756 41 7 conjunction conjunction NN 31756 41 8 with with IN 31756 41 9 the the DT 31756 41 10 traversing traverse VBG 31756 41 11 work work NN 31756 41 12 spindle spindle NN 31756 41 13 , , , 31756 41 14 gives give VBZ 31756 41 15 us -PRON- PRP 31756 41 16 a a DT 31756 41 17 machine machine NN 31756 41 18 having have VBG 31756 41 19 two two CD 31756 41 20 coordinate coordinate VB 31756 41 21 slides slide NNS 31756 41 22 yielding yield VBG 31756 41 23 the the DT 31756 41 24 same same JJ 31756 41 25 effect effect NN 31756 41 26 as as IN 31756 41 27 the the DT 31756 41 28 slide slide NN 31756 41 29 rest rest NN 31756 41 30 usually usually RB 31756 41 31 attributed attribute VBN 31756 41 32 to to IN 31756 41 33 Henry Henry NNP 31756 41 34 Maudslay Maudslay NNP 31756 41 35 at at IN 31756 41 36 the the DT 31756 41 37 end end NN 31756 41 38 of of IN 31756 41 39 the the DT 31756 41 40 18th 18th JJ 31756 41 41 century century NN 31756 41 42 . . . 31756 42 1 Actually actually RB 31756 42 2 , , , 31756 42 3 an an DT 31756 42 4 illustration illustration NN 31756 42 5 of of IN 31756 42 6 coordinate coordinate JJ 31756 42 7 slides slide NNS 31756 42 8 independent independent JJ 31756 42 9 of of IN 31756 42 10 the the DT 31756 42 11 spindle spindle NN 31756 42 12 had have VBD 31756 42 13 been be VBN 31756 42 14 published publish VBN 31756 42 15 as as RB 31756 42 16 early early RB 31756 42 17 as as IN 31756 42 18 1569 1569 CD 31756 42 19 by by IN 31756 42 20 Besson[1 besson[1 NN 31756 42 21 ] ] -RRB- 31756 42 22 and and CC 31756 42 23 knowledge knowledge NN 31756 42 24 of of IN 31756 42 25 them -PRON- PRP 31756 42 26 widely widely RB 31756 42 27 disseminated disseminate VBN 31756 42 28 by by IN 31756 42 29 his -PRON- PRP$ 31756 42 30 popular popular JJ 31756 42 31 work work NN 31756 42 32 on on IN 31756 42 33 mechanics mechanic NNS 31756 42 34 . . . 31756 43 1 These these DT 31756 43 2 slides slide NNS 31756 43 3 are be VBP 31756 43 4 shown show VBN 31756 43 5 as as IN 31756 43 6 part part NN 31756 43 7 of of IN 31756 43 8 a a DT 31756 43 9 screw screw NN 31756 43 10 - - HYPH 31756 43 11 cutting cut VBG 31756 43 12 machine machine NN 31756 43 13 with with IN 31756 43 14 a a DT 31756 43 15 questionably questionably RB 31756 43 16 adequate adequate JJ 31756 43 17 connection connection NN 31756 43 18 , , , 31756 43 19 by by IN 31756 43 20 means mean NNS 31756 43 21 of of IN 31756 43 22 cords cord NNS 31756 43 23 , , , 31756 43 24 between between IN 31756 43 25 the the DT 31756 43 26 master master NN 31756 43 27 screw screw NN 31756 43 28 and and CC 31756 43 29 the the DT 31756 43 30 work work NN 31756 43 31 . . . 31756 44 1 It -PRON- PRP 31756 44 2 was be VBD 31756 44 3 the the DT 31756 44 4 author author NN 31756 44 5 's 's POS 31756 44 6 pleasure pleasure NN 31756 44 7 recently recently RB 31756 44 8 to to TO 31756 44 9 obtain obtain VB 31756 44 10 for for IN 31756 44 11 the the DT 31756 44 12 Smithsonian Smithsonian NNP 31756 44 13 Institution Institution NNP 31756 44 14 and and CC 31756 44 15 identify identify VB 31756 44 16 a a DT 31756 44 17 small small JJ 31756 44 18 , , , 31756 44 19 nicely nicely RB 31756 44 20 made make VBN 31756 44 21 , , , 31756 44 22 brass brass NN 31756 44 23 instrument instrument NN 31756 44 24 which which WDT 31756 44 25 had have VBD 31756 44 26 been be VBN 31756 44 27 in in IN 31756 44 28 two two CD 31756 44 29 collections collection NNS 31756 44 30 in in IN 31756 44 31 this this DT 31756 44 32 country country NN 31756 44 33 and and CC 31756 44 34 one one CD 31756 44 35 collection collection NN 31756 44 36 in in IN 31756 44 37 Germany Germany NNP 31756 44 38 as as IN 31756 44 39 an an DT 31756 44 40 unidentified unidentified JJ 31756 44 41 locksmith locksmith NN 31756 44 42 's 's POS 31756 44 43 tool tool NN 31756 44 44 ( ( -LRB- 31756 44 45 fig fig VB 31756 44 46 . . . 31756 45 1 3 3 LS 31756 45 2 ) ) -RRB- 31756 45 3 . . . 31756 46 1 This this DT 31756 46 2 proved prove VBD 31756 46 3 to to TO 31756 46 4 be be VB 31756 46 5 an an DT 31756 46 6 instrument instrument NN 31756 46 7 of of IN 31756 46 8 the the DT 31756 46 9 traverse traverse JJ 31756 46 10 - - HYPH 31756 46 11 spindle spindle NN 31756 46 12 variety variety NN 31756 46 13 for for IN 31756 46 14 threading thread VBG 31756 46 15 metal metal NN 31756 46 16 . . . 31756 47 1 Fortunately fortunately RB 31756 47 2 , , , 31756 47 3 all all DT 31756 47 4 essential essential JJ 31756 47 5 details detail NNS 31756 47 6 were be VBD 31756 47 7 present present JJ 31756 47 8 including include VBG 31756 47 9 a a DT 31756 47 10 cutter cutter NN 31756 47 11 ( ( -LRB- 31756 47 12 A a NN 31756 47 13 in in IN 31756 47 14 figure figure NN 31756 47 15 4 4 CD 31756 47 16 ) ) -RRB- 31756 47 17 ; ; : 31756 47 18 this this DT 31756 47 19 instrument instrument NN 31756 47 20 was be VBD 31756 47 21 identified identify VBN 31756 47 22 by by IN 31756 47 23 the the DT 31756 47 24 signature signature NN 31756 47 25 " " `` 31756 47 26 Manuel Manuel NNP 31756 47 27 Wetschgi Wetschgi NNP 31756 47 28 , , , 31756 47 29 Augspurg Augspurg NNP 31756 47 30 . . . 31756 47 31 " " '' 31756 48 1 The the DT 31756 48 2 Wetschgis Wetschgis NNPS 31756 48 3 were be VBD 31756 48 4 a a DT 31756 48 5 well well RB 31756 48 6 - - HYPH 31756 48 7 known know VBN 31756 48 8 family family NN 31756 48 9 of of IN 31756 48 10 gunsmiths gunsmith NNS 31756 48 11 and and CC 31756 48 12 mechanics mechanic NNS 31756 48 13 in in IN 31756 48 14 Augsburg Augsburg NNP 31756 48 15 through through IN 31756 48 16 several several JJ 31756 48 17 generations generation NNS 31756 48 18 . . . 31756 49 1 Two two CD 31756 49 2 bore bear VBD 31756 49 3 the the DT 31756 49 4 given give VBN 31756 49 5 name name NN 31756 49 6 Emanuel Emanuel NNP 31756 49 7 : : : 31756 49 8 the the DT 31756 49 9 earlier early RBR 31756 49 10 was be VBD 31756 49 11 born bear VBN 31756 49 12 in in IN 31756 49 13 1678 1678 CD 31756 49 14 and and CC 31756 49 15 died die VBD 31756 49 16 in in IN 31756 49 17 1728 1728 CD 31756 49 18 . . . 31756 50 1 He -PRON- PRP 31756 50 2 was be VBD 31756 50 3 quite quite RB 31756 50 4 celebrated celebrate VBN 31756 50 5 in in IN 31756 50 6 his -PRON- PRP$ 31756 50 7 field field NN 31756 50 8 of of IN 31756 50 9 rifle rifle NN 31756 50 10 making make VBG 31756 50 11 and and CC 31756 50 12 became become VBD 31756 50 13 chief chief NN 31756 50 14 of of IN 31756 50 15 artillery artillery NN 31756 50 16 to to IN 31756 50 17 the the DT 31756 50 18 Landgrave Landgrave NNP 31756 50 19 of of IN 31756 50 20 Hesse Hesse NNP 31756 50 21 - - HYPH 31756 50 22 Kassel Kassel NNP 31756 50 23 shortly shortly RB 31756 50 24 before before IN 31756 50 25 his -PRON- PRP$ 31756 50 26 death death NN 31756 50 27 in in IN 31756 50 28 his -PRON- PRP$ 31756 50 29 51st 51st JJ 31756 50 30 year year NN 31756 50 31 . . . 31756 51 1 Little little JJ 31756 51 2 is be VBZ 31756 51 3 known know VBN 31756 51 4 of of IN 31756 51 5 the the DT 31756 51 6 later later JJ 31756 51 7 Emanuel Emanuel NNP 31756 51 8 Wetschgi Wetschgi NNP 31756 51 9 except except IN 31756 51 10 that that IN 31756 51 11 he -PRON- PRP 31756 51 12 was be VBD 31756 51 13 at at IN 31756 51 14 Augsburg Augsburg NNP 31756 51 15 in in IN 31756 51 16 1740 1740 CD 31756 51 17 . . . 31756 52 1 Tentative tentative JJ 31756 52 2 attribution attribution NN 31756 52 3 of of IN 31756 52 4 the the DT 31756 52 5 instrument instrument NN 31756 52 6 has have VBZ 31756 52 7 been be VBN 31756 52 8 made make VBN 31756 52 9 to to IN 31756 52 10 the the DT 31756 52 11 earlier early JJR 31756 52 12 Emanuel Emanuel NNP 31756 52 13 , , , 31756 52 14 chiefly chiefly RB 31756 52 15 on on IN 31756 52 16 the the DT 31756 52 17 basis basis NN 31756 52 18 of of IN 31756 52 19 his -PRON- PRP$ 31756 52 20 recognized recognize VBN 31756 52 21 position position NN 31756 52 22 as as IN 31756 52 23 an an DT 31756 52 24 outstanding outstanding JJ 31756 52 25 craftsman craftsman NN 31756 52 26 . . . 31756 53 1 [ [ -LRB- 31756 53 2 Illustration illustration NN 31756 53 3 : : : 31756 53 4 Figure Figure NNP 31756 53 5 2.--CROSS 2.--CROSS NNP 31756 53 6 - - : 31756 53 7 SLIDE SLIDE NNP 31756 53 8 for for IN 31756 53 9 the the DT 31756 53 10 thread thread NN 31756 53 11 - - HYPH 31756 53 12 cutting cut VBG 31756 53 13 lathe lathe NN 31756 53 14 of of IN 31756 53 15 _ _ NNP 31756 53 16 Das Das NNP 31756 53 17 mittelalterliche mittelalterliche NNP 31756 53 18 Hausbuch Hausbuch NNP 31756 53 19 _ _ NNP 31756 53 20 , , , 31756 53 21 shown show VBN 31756 53 22 in in IN 31756 53 23 figure figure NN 31756 53 24 1 1 CD 31756 53 25 . . . 31756 54 1 It -PRON- PRP 31756 54 2 is be VBZ 31756 54 3 remarkable remarkable JJ 31756 54 4 not not RB 31756 54 5 only only RB 31756 54 6 for for IN 31756 54 7 its -PRON- PRP$ 31756 54 8 early early JJ 31756 54 9 date date NN 31756 54 10 , , , 31756 54 11 but but CC 31756 54 12 also also RB 31756 54 13 for for IN 31756 54 14 its -PRON- PRP$ 31756 54 15 high high JJ 31756 54 16 state state NN 31756 54 17 of of IN 31756 54 18 development development NN 31756 54 19 with with IN 31756 54 20 a a DT 31756 54 21 crossfeed crossfeed NN 31756 54 22 screw screw NN 31756 54 23 which which WDT 31756 54 24 had have VBD 31756 54 25 not not RB 31756 54 26 become become VBN 31756 54 27 universally universally RB 31756 54 28 accepted accept VBN 31756 54 29 300 300 CD 31756 54 30 years year NNS 31756 54 31 later later RB 31756 54 32 . . . 31756 55 1 The the DT 31756 55 2 cutter cutter NN 31756 55 3 , , , 31756 55 4 shown show VBN 31756 55 5 out out IN 31756 55 6 of of IN 31756 55 7 its -PRON- PRP$ 31756 55 8 socket socket NN 31756 55 9 , , , 31756 55 10 is be VBZ 31756 55 11 obviously obviously RB 31756 55 12 sharpened sharpened JJ 31756 55 13 for for IN 31756 55 14 use use NN 31756 55 15 on on IN 31756 55 16 wood wood NN 31756 55 17 . . . 31756 55 18 ] ] -RRB- 31756 56 1 In in IN 31756 56 2 several several JJ 31756 56 3 respects respect NNS 31756 56 4 this this DT 31756 56 5 little little JJ 31756 56 6 machine machine NN 31756 56 7 differs differ VBZ 31756 56 8 from from IN 31756 56 9 its -PRON- PRP$ 31756 56 10 predecessor predecessor NN 31756 56 11 of of IN 31756 56 12 the the DT 31756 56 13 _ _ NNP 31756 56 14 Hausbuch Hausbuch NNP 31756 56 15 _ _ NNP 31756 56 16 , , , 31756 56 17 as as IN 31756 56 18 might may MD 31756 56 19 be be VB 31756 56 20 expected expect VBN 31756 56 21 when when WRB 31756 56 22 allowance allowance NN 31756 56 23 is be VBZ 31756 56 24 made make VBN 31756 56 25 for for IN 31756 56 26 the the DT 31756 56 27 generations generation NNS 31756 56 28 of of IN 31756 56 29 craftsmen craftsman NNS 31756 56 30 who who WP 31756 56 31 undoubtedly undoubtedly RB 31756 56 32 worked work VBD 31756 56 33 with with IN 31756 56 34 such such JJ 31756 56 35 tools tool NNS 31756 56 36 over over IN 31756 56 37 the the DT 31756 56 38 roughly roughly RB 31756 56 39 200 200 CD 31756 56 40 years year NNS 31756 56 41 of of IN 31756 56 42 time time NN 31756 56 43 separating separate VBG 31756 56 44 them -PRON- PRP 31756 56 45 . . . 31756 57 1 Another another DT 31756 57 2 factor factor NN 31756 57 3 to to TO 31756 57 4 consider consider VB 31756 57 5 when when WRB 31756 57 6 comparing compare VBG 31756 57 7 these these DT 31756 57 8 two two CD 31756 57 9 machines machine NNS 31756 57 10 is be VBZ 31756 57 11 that that IN 31756 57 12 one one CD 31756 57 13 was be VBD 31756 57 14 used use VBN 31756 57 15 on on IN 31756 57 16 metal metal NN 31756 57 17 , , , 31756 57 18 the the DT 31756 57 19 other other JJ 31756 57 20 probably probably RB 31756 57 21 only only RB 31756 57 22 on on IN 31756 57 23 wood wood NN 31756 57 24 . . . 31756 58 1 Therefore therefore RB 31756 58 2 , , , 31756 58 3 it -PRON- PRP 31756 58 4 is be VBZ 31756 58 5 not not RB 31756 58 6 surprising surprising JJ 31756 58 7 to to TO 31756 58 8 find find VB 31756 58 9 on on IN 31756 58 10 the the DT 31756 58 11 later later JJ 31756 58 12 machine machine NN 31756 58 13 an an DT 31756 58 14 outboard outboard NN 31756 58 15 or or CC 31756 58 16 " " `` 31756 58 17 tailstock tailstock NN 31756 58 18 " " '' 31756 58 19 support support NN 31756 58 20 for for IN 31756 58 21 the the DT 31756 58 22 work work NN 31756 58 23 . . . 31756 59 1 The the DT 31756 59 2 spindle spindle NN 31756 59 3 of of IN 31756 59 4 this this DT 31756 59 5 support support NN 31756 59 6 has have VBZ 31756 59 7 to to TO 31756 59 8 travel travel VB 31756 59 9 in in IN 31756 59 10 unison unison NNP 31756 59 11 with with IN 31756 59 12 the the DT 31756 59 13 work work NN 31756 59 14 - - HYPH 31756 59 15 driving drive VBG 31756 59 16 spindle spindle NN 31756 59 17 so so IN 31756 59 18 that that IN 31756 59 19 it -PRON- PRP 31756 59 20 is be VBZ 31756 59 21 not not RB 31756 59 22 an an DT 31756 59 23 unexpected unexpected JJ 31756 59 24 discovery discovery NN 31756 59 25 to to TO 31756 59 26 find find VB 31756 59 27 that that IN 31756 59 28 it -PRON- PRP 31756 59 29 is be VBZ 31756 59 30 spring spring NN 31756 59 31 - - HYPH 31756 59 32 loaded loaded JJ 31756 59 33 . . . 31756 60 1 Figure figure NN 31756 60 2 5 5 CD 31756 60 3 shows show VBZ 31756 60 4 how how WRB 31756 60 5 this this DT 31756 60 6 spring spring NN 31756 60 7 may may MD 31756 60 8 be be VB 31756 60 9 adjusted adjust VBN 31756 60 10 to to TO 31756 60 11 accommodate accommodate VB 31756 60 12 various various JJ 31756 60 13 lengths length NNS 31756 60 14 of of IN 31756 60 15 work work NN 31756 60 16 by by IN 31756 60 17 moving move VBG 31756 60 18 the the DT 31756 60 19 attachment attachment NN 31756 60 20 screw screw NN 31756 60 21 to to IN 31756 60 22 various various JJ 31756 60 23 holes hole NNS 31756 60 24 in in IN 31756 60 25 both both CC 31756 60 26 the the DT 31756 60 27 spring spring NN 31756 60 28 and and CC 31756 60 29 in in IN 31756 60 30 the the DT 31756 60 31 frame frame NN 31756 60 32 . . . 31756 61 1 Also also RB 31756 61 2 visible visible JJ 31756 61 3 in in IN 31756 61 4 the the DT 31756 61 5 same same JJ 31756 61 6 illustration illustration NN 31756 61 7 is be VBZ 31756 61 8 a a DT 31756 61 9 rectangular rectangular JJ 31756 61 10 projection projection NN 31756 61 11 at at IN 31756 61 12 the the DT 31756 61 13 other other JJ 31756 61 14 end end NN 31756 61 15 of of IN 31756 61 16 the the DT 31756 61 17 spring spring NN 31756 61 18 which which WDT 31756 61 19 engages engage VBZ 31756 61 20 a a DT 31756 61 21 mating mating NN 31756 61 22 hole hole NN 31756 61 23 in in IN 31756 61 24 the the DT 31756 61 25 " " `` 31756 61 26 tailstock tailstock NN 31756 61 27 " " '' 31756 61 28 spindle spindle NN 31756 61 29 to to TO 31756 61 30 prevent prevent VB 31756 61 31 its -PRON- PRP$ 31756 61 32 rotation rotation NN 31756 61 33 . . . 31756 62 1 [ [ -LRB- 31756 62 2 Illustration illustration NN 31756 62 3 : : : 31756 62 4 Figure figure NN 31756 62 5 3.--SMALL 3.--SMALL NNP 31756 62 6 THREAD thread NN 31756 62 7 - - HYPH 31756 62 8 CUTTING cutting NN 31756 62 9 LATHE LATHE NNP 31756 62 10 which which WDT 31756 62 11 was be VBD 31756 62 12 made make VBN 31756 62 13 to to TO 31756 62 14 be be VB 31756 62 15 held hold VBN 31756 62 16 in in IN 31756 62 17 a a DT 31756 62 18 vise vise NN 31756 62 19 during during IN 31756 62 20 use use NN 31756 62 21 . . . 31756 63 1 It -PRON- PRP 31756 63 2 was be VBD 31756 63 3 found find VBN 31756 63 4 as as IN 31756 63 5 shown show VBN 31756 63 6 here here RB 31756 63 7 , , , 31756 63 8 with with IN 31756 63 9 only only RB 31756 63 10 the the DT 31756 63 11 operating operate VBG 31756 63 12 crank crank NN 31756 63 13 missing miss VBG 31756 63 14 . . . 31756 64 1 The the DT 31756 64 2 overall overall JJ 31756 64 3 length length NN 31756 64 4 is be VBZ 31756 64 5 approximately approximately RB 31756 64 6 12 12 CD 31756 64 7 inches inch NNS 31756 64 8 , , , 31756 64 9 depending depend VBG 31756 64 10 on on IN 31756 64 11 the the DT 31756 64 12 adjustment adjustment NN 31756 64 13 of of IN 31756 64 14 parts part NNS 31756 64 15 . . . 31756 65 1 ( ( -LRB- 31756 65 2 Smithsonian smithsonian JJ 31756 65 3 photo photo NN 31756 65 4 46525B. 46525B. NNP 31756 65 5 ) ) -RRB- 31756 65 6 ] ] -RRB- 31756 66 1 Figure figure NN 31756 66 2 6 6 CD 31756 66 3 shows show VBZ 31756 66 4 the the DT 31756 66 5 traversing traverse VBG 31756 66 6 spindle spindle NN 31756 66 7 and and CC 31756 66 8 nut nut NN 31756 66 9 removed remove VBN 31756 66 10 from from IN 31756 66 11 the the DT 31756 66 12 machine machine NN 31756 66 13 . . . 31756 67 1 Provision provision NN 31756 67 2 has have VBZ 31756 67 3 been be VBN 31756 67 4 made make VBN 31756 67 5 for for IN 31756 67 6 doing do VBG 31756 67 7 this this DT 31756 67 8 so so RB 31756 67 9 easily easily RB 31756 67 10 that that IN 31756 67 11 there there EX 31756 67 12 is be VBZ 31756 67 13 every every DT 31756 67 14 reason reason NN 31756 67 15 to to TO 31756 67 16 believe believe VB 31756 67 17 that that IN 31756 67 18 , , , 31756 67 19 originally originally RB 31756 67 20 , , , 31756 67 21 there there EX 31756 67 22 were be VBD 31756 67 23 various various JJ 31756 67 24 different different JJ 31756 67 25 spindle spindle NN 31756 67 26 and and CC 31756 67 27 nut nut NN 31756 67 28 units unit NNS 31756 67 29 which which WDT 31756 67 30 could could MD 31756 67 31 be be VB 31756 67 32 interchangeably interchangeably RB 31756 67 33 used use VBN 31756 67 34 in in IN 31756 67 35 the the DT 31756 67 36 machine machine NN 31756 67 37 . . . 31756 68 1 Additional additional JJ 31756 68 2 evidence evidence NN 31756 68 3 tending tend VBG 31756 68 4 to to TO 31756 68 5 support support VB 31756 68 6 this this DT 31756 68 7 concept concept NN 31756 68 8 exists exist VBZ 31756 68 9 in in IN 31756 68 10 the the DT 31756 68 11 cutting cut VBG 31756 68 12 tool tool NN 31756 68 13 ( ( -LRB- 31756 68 14 fig fig VB 31756 68 15 . . . 31756 69 1 4 4 LS 31756 69 2 ) ) -RRB- 31756 69 3 , , , 31756 69 4 which which WDT 31756 69 5 must must MD 31756 69 6 have have VB 31756 69 7 been be VBN 31756 69 8 intended intend VBN 31756 69 9 for for IN 31756 69 10 serious serious JJ 31756 69 11 work work NN 31756 69 12 as as IN 31756 69 13 it -PRON- PRP 31756 69 14 has have VBZ 31756 69 15 been be VBN 31756 69 16 carefully carefully RB 31756 69 17 fitted fit VBN 31756 69 18 in in IN 31756 69 19 its -PRON- PRP$ 31756 69 20 unsymmetrical unsymmetrical JJ 31756 69 21 socket socket NN 31756 69 22 . . . 31756 70 1 The the DT 31756 70 2 cutting cutting NN 31756 70 3 blade blade NN 31756 70 4 of of IN 31756 70 5 this this DT 31756 70 6 tool tool NN 31756 70 7 , , , 31756 70 8 which which WDT 31756 70 9 works work VBZ 31756 70 10 with with IN 31756 70 11 a a DT 31756 70 12 scraping scraping NN 31756 70 13 rather rather RB 31756 70 14 than than IN 31756 70 15 a a DT 31756 70 16 true true JJ 31756 70 17 cutting cutting NN 31756 70 18 action action NN 31756 70 19 , , , 31756 70 20 is be VBZ 31756 70 21 too too RB 31756 70 22 wide wide JJ 31756 70 23 to to TO 31756 70 24 form form VB 31756 70 25 a a DT 31756 70 26 properly properly RB 31756 70 27 proportioned proportion VBN 31756 70 28 thread thread NN 31756 70 29 when when WRB 31756 70 30 used use VBN 31756 70 31 with with IN 31756 70 32 the the DT 31756 70 33 existing exist VBG 31756 70 34 lead lead NN 31756 70 35 screw screw NN 31756 70 36 . . . 31756 71 1 This this DT 31756 71 2 may may MD 31756 71 3 well well RB 31756 71 4 indicate indicate VB 31756 71 5 that that IN 31756 71 6 the the DT 31756 71 7 tool tool NN 31756 71 8 was be VBD 31756 71 9 made make VBN 31756 71 10 for for IN 31756 71 11 use use NN 31756 71 12 with with IN 31756 71 13 a a DT 31756 71 14 lead lead NN 31756 71 15 of of IN 31756 71 16 coarser coarser NN 31756 71 17 pitch pitch NN 31756 71 18 , , , 31756 71 19 now now RB 31756 71 20 lost lose VBN 31756 71 21 . . . 31756 72 1 [ [ -LRB- 31756 72 2 Illustration illustration NN 31756 72 3 : : : 31756 72 4 Figure figure NN 31756 72 5 4.--THE 4.--the CD 31756 72 6 WORKING WORKING NNP 31756 72 7 AREA area NN 31756 72 8 of of IN 31756 72 9 figure figure NN 31756 72 10 3 3 CD 31756 72 11 , , , 31756 72 12 showing show VBG 31756 72 13 the the DT 31756 72 14 tool tool NN 31756 72 15 and and CC 31756 72 16 signature signature NN 31756 72 17 . . . 31756 73 1 ( ( -LRB- 31756 73 2 Smithsonian smithsonian JJ 31756 73 3 photo photo NN 31756 73 4 46525A. 46525A. NNP 31756 73 5 ) ) -RRB- 31756 73 6 ] ] -RRB- 31756 74 1 Perhaps perhaps RB 31756 74 2 the the DT 31756 74 3 most most RBS 31756 74 4 startling startling JJ 31756 74 5 feature feature NN 31756 74 6 of of IN 31756 74 7 this this DT 31756 74 8 machine machine NN 31756 74 9 when when WRB 31756 74 10 compared compare VBN 31756 74 11 with with IN 31756 74 12 the the DT 31756 74 13 machine machine NN 31756 74 14 of of IN 31756 74 15 the the DT 31756 74 16 _ _ NNP 31756 74 17 Hausbuch Hausbuch NNP 31756 74 18 _ _ NNP 31756 74 19 , , , 31756 74 20 is be VBZ 31756 74 21 the the DT 31756 74 22 absence absence NN 31756 74 23 of of IN 31756 74 24 a a DT 31756 74 25 cross cross JJ 31756 74 26 - - NN 31756 74 27 slide slide NN 31756 74 28 for for IN 31756 74 29 adjusting adjust VBG 31756 74 30 the the DT 31756 74 31 tool tool NN 31756 74 32 . . . 31756 75 1 Possibly possibly RB 31756 75 2 this this DT 31756 75 3 can can MD 31756 75 4 be be VB 31756 75 5 explained explain VBN 31756 75 6 by by IN 31756 75 7 the the DT 31756 75 8 blunt blunt JJ 31756 75 9 scraping scrape VBG 31756 75 10 edge edge NN 31756 75 11 on on IN 31756 75 12 the the DT 31756 75 13 tool tool NN 31756 75 14 . . . 31756 76 1 In in IN 31756 76 2 actual actual JJ 31756 76 3 use use NN 31756 76 4 , , , 31756 76 5 recently recently RB 31756 76 6 , , , 31756 76 7 to to TO 31756 76 8 cut cut VB 31756 76 9 a a DT 31756 76 10 sample sample NN 31756 76 11 screw screw NN 31756 76 12 , , , 31756 76 13 using use VBG 31756 76 14 a a DT 31756 76 15 tool tool NN 31756 76 16 similar similar JJ 31756 76 17 to to IN 31756 76 18 the the DT 31756 76 19 one one NN 31756 76 20 found find VBN 31756 76 21 in in IN 31756 76 22 the the DT 31756 76 23 machine machine NN 31756 76 24 ( ( -LRB- 31756 76 25 fig fig NN 31756 76 26 . . . 31756 77 1 7 7 LS 31756 77 2 ) ) -RRB- 31756 77 3 , , , 31756 77 4 it -PRON- PRP 31756 77 5 was be VBD 31756 77 6 found find VBN 31756 77 7 advantageous advantageous JJ 31756 77 8 to to TO 31756 77 9 be be VB 31756 77 10 free free JJ 31756 77 11 of of IN 31756 77 12 a a DT 31756 77 13 cross cross JJ 31756 77 14 - - NN 31756 77 15 slide slide NN 31756 77 16 and and CC 31756 77 17 thus thus RB 31756 77 18 be be VB 31756 77 19 able able JJ 31756 77 20 to to TO 31756 77 21 feed feed VB 31756 77 22 the the DT 31756 77 23 tool tool NN 31756 77 24 into into IN 31756 77 25 the the DT 31756 77 26 work work NN 31756 77 27 by by IN 31756 77 28 feel feel VB 31756 77 29 rather rather RB 31756 77 30 than than IN 31756 77 31 by by IN 31756 77 32 rule rule NN 31756 77 33 , , , 31756 77 34 as as IN 31756 77 35 would would MD 31756 77 36 be be VB 31756 77 37 done do VBN 31756 77 38 with with IN 31756 77 39 a a DT 31756 77 40 slide slide NN 31756 77 41 rest rest NN 31756 77 42 . . . 31756 78 1 In in IN 31756 78 2 this this DT 31756 78 3 way way NN 31756 78 4 , , , 31756 78 5 it -PRON- PRP 31756 78 6 was be VBD 31756 78 7 possible possible JJ 31756 78 8 to to TO 31756 78 9 thread thread VB 31756 78 10 steel steel NN 31756 78 11 without without IN 31756 78 12 tearing tear VBG 31756 78 13 , , , 31756 78 14 as as IN 31756 78 15 the the DT 31756 78 16 cutting cutting NN 31756 78 17 pressure pressure NN 31756 78 18 could could MD 31756 78 19 readily readily RB 31756 78 20 be be VB 31756 78 21 felt feel VBN 31756 78 22 and and CC 31756 78 23 the the DT 31756 78 24 tool tool NN 31756 78 25 could could MD 31756 78 26 release release VB 31756 78 27 itself -PRON- PRP 31756 78 28 from from IN 31756 78 29 too too RB 31756 78 30 heavy heavy JJ 31756 78 31 a a DT 31756 78 32 cut cut NN 31756 78 33 . . . 31756 79 1 Size size NN 31756 79 2 on on IN 31756 79 3 several several JJ 31756 79 4 screws screw NNS 31756 79 5 could could MD 31756 79 6 be be VB 31756 79 7 repeated repeat VBN 31756 79 8 by by IN 31756 79 9 setting set VBG 31756 79 10 the the DT 31756 79 11 tool tool NN 31756 79 12 to to TO 31756 79 13 produce produce VB 31756 79 14 the the DT 31756 79 15 desired desire VBN 31756 79 16 diameter diameter NN 31756 79 17 when when WRB 31756 79 18 its -PRON- PRP$ 31756 79 19 supporting support VBG 31756 79 20 arm arm NN 31756 79 21 came come VBD 31756 79 22 to to TO 31756 79 23 rest rest VB 31756 79 24 against against IN 31756 79 25 the the DT 31756 79 26 frame frame NN 31756 79 27 of of IN 31756 79 28 the the DT 31756 79 29 machine machine NN 31756 79 30 . . . 31756 80 1 The the DT 31756 80 2 screws screw NNS 31756 80 3 used use VBN 31756 80 4 in in IN 31756 80 5 the the DT 31756 80 6 machine machine NN 31756 80 7 itself -PRON- PRP 31756 80 8 were be VBD 31756 80 9 apparently apparently RB 31756 80 10 made make VBN 31756 80 11 in in IN 31756 80 12 just just RB 31756 80 13 such such PDT 31756 80 14 a a DT 31756 80 15 way way NN 31756 80 16 . . . 31756 81 1 They -PRON- PRP 31756 81 2 were be VBD 31756 81 3 not not RB 31756 81 4 cut cut VBN 31756 81 5 with with IN 31756 81 6 a a DT 31756 81 7 die die NN 31756 81 8 as as IN 31756 81 9 the the DT 31756 81 10 thread thread NN 31756 81 11 blends blend NNS 31756 81 12 very very RB 31756 81 13 gradually gradually RB 31756 81 14 into into IN 31756 81 15 the the DT 31756 81 16 body body NN 31756 81 17 of of IN 31756 81 18 the the DT 31756 81 19 screw screw NN 31756 81 20 without without IN 31756 81 21 the the DT 31756 81 22 characteristic characteristic JJ 31756 81 23 marks mark NNS 31756 81 24 left leave VBN 31756 81 25 by by IN 31756 81 26 the the DT 31756 81 27 cutting cut VBG 31756 81 28 edges edge NNS 31756 81 29 of of IN 31756 81 30 a a DT 31756 81 31 die die NN 31756 81 32 . . . 31756 82 1 Threads thread NNS 31756 82 2 cut cut VBD 31756 82 3 with with IN 31756 82 4 a a DT 31756 82 5 single single JJ 31756 82 6 - - HYPH 31756 82 7 point point NN 31756 82 8 tool tool NN 31756 82 9 controlled control VBN 31756 82 10 by by IN 31756 82 11 a a DT 31756 82 12 cross cross JJ 31756 82 13 - - NN 31756 82 14 slide slide NN 31756 82 15 usually usually RB 31756 82 16 end end VBP 31756 82 17 even even RB 31756 82 18 more more RBR 31756 82 19 abruptly abruptly RB 31756 82 20 than than IN 31756 82 21 those those DT 31756 82 22 cut cut VBN 31756 82 23 by by IN 31756 82 24 a a DT 31756 82 25 die die NN 31756 82 26 , , , 31756 82 27 while while IN 31756 82 28 it -PRON- PRP 31756 82 29 would would MD 31756 82 30 be be VB 31756 82 31 quite quite RB 31756 82 32 simple simple JJ 31756 82 33 with with IN 31756 82 34 a a DT 31756 82 35 machine machine NN 31756 82 36 of of IN 31756 82 37 the the DT 31756 82 38 nature nature NN 31756 82 39 we -PRON- PRP 31756 82 40 are be VBP 31756 82 41 considering consider VBG 31756 82 42 to to TO 31756 82 43 bring bring VB 31756 82 44 the the DT 31756 82 45 thread thread NN 31756 82 46 to to IN 31756 82 47 a a DT 31756 82 48 gentle gentle JJ 31756 82 49 tapering tapering NN 31756 82 50 end end NN 31756 82 51 as as IN 31756 82 52 seen see VBN 31756 82 53 in in IN 31756 82 54 figure figure NN 31756 82 55 8 8 CD 31756 82 56 ( ( -LRB- 31756 82 57 another another DT 31756 82 58 view view NN 31756 82 59 of of IN 31756 82 60 the the DT 31756 82 61 screw screw NN 31756 82 62 A A NNP 31756 82 63 in in IN 31756 82 64 fig fig NN 31756 82 65 . . . 31756 83 1 3 3 LS 31756 83 2 ) ) -RRB- 31756 83 3 by by IN 31756 83 4 gradually gradually RB 31756 83 5 releasing release VBG 31756 83 6 the the DT 31756 83 7 pressure pressure NN 31756 83 8 necessary necessary JJ 31756 83 9 to to TO 31756 83 10 keep keep VB 31756 83 11 the the DT 31756 83 12 tool tool NN 31756 83 13 cutting cut VBG 31756 83 14 as as IN 31756 83 15 the the DT 31756 83 16 end end NN 31756 83 17 of of IN 31756 83 18 the the DT 31756 83 19 thread thread NN 31756 83 20 was be VBD 31756 83 21 approached approach VBN 31756 83 22 . . . 31756 84 1 [ [ -LRB- 31756 84 2 Illustration illustration NN 31756 84 3 : : : 31756 84 4 Figure figure NN 31756 84 5 5.--SPRING 5.--SPRING NNP 31756 84 6 FOR for IN 31756 84 7 KEEPING keep VBG 31756 84 8 THE the DT 31756 84 9 FOLLOWER FOLLOWER NNP 31756 84 10 SPINDLE spindle NN 31756 84 11 against against IN 31756 84 12 the the DT 31756 84 13 work work NN 31756 84 14 , , , 31756 84 15 showing show VBG 31756 84 16 the the DT 31756 84 17 method method NN 31756 84 18 and and CC 31756 84 19 range range NN 31756 84 20 of of IN 31756 84 21 adjustment adjustment NN 31756 84 22 . . . 31756 85 1 Note note VB 31756 85 2 the the DT 31756 85 3 rectangular rectangular JJ 31756 85 4 projection projection NN 31756 85 5 to to TO 31756 85 6 engage engage VB 31756 85 7 a a DT 31756 85 8 mating mating NN 31756 85 9 socket socket NN 31756 85 10 in in IN 31756 85 11 the the DT 31756 85 12 spindle spindle NN 31756 85 13 , , , 31756 85 14 to to TO 31756 85 15 prevent prevent VB 31756 85 16 spindle spindle JJ 31756 85 17 rotation rotation NN 31756 85 18 . . . 31756 86 1 ( ( -LRB- 31756 86 2 Smithsonian smithsonian JJ 31756 86 3 photo photo NN 31756 86 4 46525 46525 CD 31756 86 5 . . . 31756 86 6 ) ) -RRB- 31756 86 7 ] ] -RRB- 31756 87 1 [ [ -LRB- 31756 87 2 Illustration illustration NN 31756 87 3 : : : 31756 87 4 Figure figure NN 31756 87 5 6.--WORK 6.--work CD 31756 87 6 SPINDLE spindle NN 31756 87 7 AND and CC 31756 87 8 ITS its PRP$ 31756 87 9 NUT NUT NNP 31756 87 10 removed remove VBN 31756 87 11 from from IN 31756 87 12 the the DT 31756 87 13 machine machine NN 31756 87 14 to to TO 31756 87 15 illustrate illustrate VB 31756 87 16 how how WRB 31756 87 17 easily easily RB 31756 87 18 another another DT 31756 87 19 spindle spindle NN 31756 87 20 and and CC 31756 87 21 nut nut NN 31756 87 22 of of IN 31756 87 23 different different JJ 31756 87 24 pitch pitch NN 31756 87 25 could could MD 31756 87 26 be be VB 31756 87 27 substituted substitute VBN 31756 87 28 . . . 31756 88 1 ( ( -LRB- 31756 88 2 Smithsonian smithsonian JJ 31756 88 3 photo photo NN 31756 88 4 46525C. 46525c. CD 31756 88 5 ) ) -RRB- 31756 88 6 ] ] -RRB- 31756 89 1 That that DT 31756 89 2 machines machine NNS 31756 89 3 of of IN 31756 89 4 this this DT 31756 89 5 general general JJ 31756 89 6 type type NN 31756 89 7 having have VBG 31756 89 8 the the DT 31756 89 9 lead lead JJ 31756 89 10 screw screw VB 31756 89 11 on on IN 31756 89 12 the the DT 31756 89 13 axis axis NN 31756 89 14 of of IN 31756 89 15 the the DT 31756 89 16 work work NN 31756 89 17 were be VBD 31756 89 18 competitive competitive JJ 31756 89 19 with with IN 31756 89 20 other other JJ 31756 89 21 methods method NNS 31756 89 22 and and CC 31756 89 23 other other JJ 31756 89 24 types type NNS 31756 89 25 of of IN 31756 89 26 machines machine NNS 31756 89 27 over over IN 31756 89 28 a a DT 31756 89 29 long long JJ 31756 89 30 period period NN 31756 89 31 of of IN 31756 89 32 time time NN 31756 89 33 may may MD 31756 89 34 be be VB 31756 89 35 seen see VBN 31756 89 36 from from IN 31756 89 37 figures figure NNS 31756 89 38 9 9 CD 31756 89 39 and and CC 31756 89 40 10 10 CD 31756 89 41 . . . 31756 90 1 The the DT 31756 90 2 machine machine NN 31756 90 3 , , , 31756 90 4 left leave VBD 31756 90 5 front front NN 31756 90 6 in in IN 31756 90 7 figure figure NN 31756 90 8 9 9 CD 31756 90 9 and and CC 31756 90 10 in in IN 31756 90 11 more more RBR 31756 90 12 intimate intimate JJ 31756 90 13 detail detail NN 31756 90 14 in in IN 31756 90 15 figure figure NN 31756 90 16 10 10 CD 31756 90 17 , , , 31756 90 18 can can MD 31756 90 19 be be VB 31756 90 20 seen see VBN 31756 90 21 to to TO 31756 90 22 differ differ VB 31756 90 23 little little JJ 31756 90 24 from from IN 31756 90 25 that that DT 31756 90 26 shown show VBN 31756 90 27 in in IN 31756 90 28 _ _ NNP 31756 90 29 Das Das NNP 31756 90 30 mittelalterliche mittelalterliche NNP 31756 90 31 Hausbuch Hausbuch NNP 31756 90 32 _ _ NNP 31756 90 33 of of IN 31756 90 34 1483 1483 CD 31756 90 35 . . . 31756 91 1 The the DT 31756 91 2 double double JJ 31756 91 3 work work NN 31756 91 4 - - HYPH 31756 91 5 support support NN 31756 91 6 is be VBZ 31756 91 7 , , , 31756 91 8 of of IN 31756 91 9 course course NN 31756 91 10 , , , 31756 91 11 a a DT 31756 91 12 great great JJ 31756 91 13 improvement improvement NN 31756 91 14 , , , 31756 91 15 while while IN 31756 91 16 the the DT 31756 91 17 tool tool NN 31756 91 18 - - HYPH 31756 91 19 support support NN 31756 91 20 is be VBZ 31756 91 21 regressive regressive JJ 31756 91 22 since since IN 31756 91 23 it -PRON- PRP 31756 91 24 lacks lack VBZ 31756 91 25 a a DT 31756 91 26 feed feed NN 31756 91 27 screw screw NN 31756 91 28 . . . 31756 92 1 The the DT 31756 92 2 development development NN 31756 92 3 of of IN 31756 92 4 engineering engineering NN 31756 92 5 theory theory NN 31756 92 6 , , , 31756 92 7 coupled couple VBN 31756 92 8 with with IN 31756 92 9 the the DT 31756 92 10 rising rise VBG 31756 92 11 needs need NNS 31756 92 12 of of IN 31756 92 13 industry industry NN 31756 92 14 , , , 31756 92 15 particularly particularly RB 31756 92 16 with with IN 31756 92 17 the the DT 31756 92 18 advent advent NN 31756 92 19 of of IN 31756 92 20 the the DT 31756 92 21 Industrial Industrial NNP 31756 92 22 Revolution Revolution NNP 31756 92 23 , , , 31756 92 24 brought bring VBD 31756 92 25 about about RP 31756 92 26 accelerated accelerated JJ 31756 92 27 development development NN 31756 92 28 of of IN 31756 92 29 screw screw NN 31756 92 30 - - HYPH 31756 92 31 cutting cut VBG 31756 92 32 lathes lathe NNS 31756 92 33 through through IN 31756 92 34 the the DT 31756 92 35 combination combination NN 31756 92 36 of of IN 31756 92 37 screw screw NN 31756 92 38 - - HYPH 31756 92 39 cutting cut VBG 31756 92 40 machines machine NNS 31756 92 41 with with IN 31756 92 42 simple simple JJ 31756 92 43 lathes lathe NNS 31756 92 44 as as IN 31756 92 45 seen see VBN 31756 92 46 in in IN 31756 92 47 figure figure NN 31756 92 48 9 9 CD 31756 92 49 and and CC 31756 92 50 in in IN 31756 92 51 detail detail NN 31756 92 52 in in IN 31756 92 53 figure figure NN 31756 92 54 11 11 CD 31756 92 55 . . . 31756 93 1 One one CD 31756 93 2 important important JJ 31756 93 3 advance advance NN 31756 93 4 shown show VBN 31756 93 5 here here RB 31756 93 6 is be VBZ 31756 93 7 driving drive VBG 31756 93 8 the the DT 31756 93 9 machine machine NN 31756 93 10 by by IN 31756 93 11 means mean NNS 31756 93 12 of of IN 31756 93 13 a a DT 31756 93 14 cord cord NN 31756 93 15 or or CC 31756 93 16 band band NN 31756 93 17 so so IN 31756 93 18 that that IN 31756 93 19 any any DT 31756 93 20 means mean NNS 31756 93 21 of of IN 31756 93 22 rotary rotary JJ 31756 93 23 power power NN 31756 93 24 could could MD 31756 93 25 be be VB 31756 93 26 applied apply VBN 31756 93 27 , , , 31756 93 28 not not RB 31756 93 29 just just RB 31756 93 30 hand hand NN 31756 93 31 or or CC 31756 93 32 foot foot NN 31756 93 33 power power NN 31756 93 34 . . . 31756 94 1 Of of IN 31756 94 2 greater great JJR 31756 94 3 interest interest NN 31756 94 4 and and CC 31756 94 5 technical technical JJ 31756 94 6 importance importance NN 31756 94 7 to to IN 31756 94 8 this this DT 31756 94 9 study study NN 31756 94 10 is be VBZ 31756 94 11 the the DT 31756 94 12 provision provision NN 31756 94 13 , , , 31756 94 14 seen see VBN 31756 94 15 to to IN 31756 94 16 better well JJR 31756 94 17 advantage advantage NN 31756 94 18 in in IN 31756 94 19 figure figure NN 31756 94 20 11 11 CD 31756 94 21 , , , 31756 94 22 for for IN 31756 94 23 readily readily RB 31756 94 24 changing change VBG 31756 94 25 from from IN 31756 94 26 one one CD 31756 94 27 master master NN 31756 94 28 lead lead NN 31756 94 29 screw screw NNP 31756 94 30 to to IN 31756 94 31 another another DT 31756 94 32 . . . 31756 95 1 This this DT 31756 95 2 had have VBD 31756 95 3 already already RB 31756 95 4 been be VBN 31756 95 5 achieved achieve VBN 31756 95 6 in in IN 31756 95 7 the the DT 31756 95 8 Manuel Manuel NNP 31756 95 9 Wetschgi Wetschgi NNP 31756 95 10 machine machine NN 31756 95 11 , , , 31756 95 12 as as RB 31756 95 13 far far RB 31756 95 14 as as IN 31756 95 15 versatility versatility NN 31756 95 16 is be VBZ 31756 95 17 concerned concern VBN 31756 95 18 , , , 31756 95 19 although although IN 31756 95 20 not not RB 31756 95 21 in in IN 31756 95 22 quite quite RB 31756 95 23 such such PDT 31756 95 24 a a DT 31756 95 25 convenient convenient JJ 31756 95 26 way way NN 31756 95 27 . . . 31756 96 1 [ [ -LRB- 31756 96 2 Illustration illustration NN 31756 96 3 : : : 31756 96 4 Figure figure NN 31756 96 5 7.--THREAD 7.--thread CD 31756 96 6 OF of IN 31756 96 7 MODERN MODERN NNP 31756 96 8 FORM form NN 31756 96 9 recently recently RB 31756 96 10 cut cut VBD 31756 96 11 , , , 31756 96 12 using use VBG 31756 96 13 the the DT 31756 96 14 old old JJ 31756 96 15 screw screw NN 31756 96 16 and and CC 31756 96 17 nut nut NNP 31756 96 18 but but CC 31756 96 19 with with IN 31756 96 20 a a DT 31756 96 21 new new JJ 31756 96 22 tool tool NN 31756 96 23 . . . 31756 97 1 The the DT 31756 97 2 material material NN 31756 97 3 threaded thread VBN 31756 97 4 is be VBZ 31756 97 5 carbon carbon NN 31756 97 6 - - HYPH 31756 97 7 steel steel NN 31756 97 8 drill drill NN 31756 97 9 rod rod NN 31756 97 10 . . . 31756 98 1 ( ( -LRB- 31756 98 2 Smithsonian smithsonian JJ 31756 98 3 photo photo NN 31756 98 4 49276A. 49276a. CD 31756 98 5 ) ) -RRB- 31756 98 6 ] ] -RRB- 31756 99 1 Figure figure NN 31756 99 2 12 12 CD 31756 99 3 , , , 31756 99 4 the the DT 31756 99 5 headstock headstock NN 31756 99 6 of of IN 31756 99 7 another another DT 31756 99 8 and and CC 31756 99 9 more more RBR 31756 99 10 advanced advanced JJ 31756 99 11 lathe lathe NN 31756 99 12 than than IN 31756 99 13 shown show VBN 31756 99 14 in in IN 31756 99 15 figures figure NNS 31756 99 16 9 9 CD 31756 99 17 and and CC 31756 99 18 11 11 CD 31756 99 19 but but CC 31756 99 20 of of IN 31756 99 21 the the DT 31756 99 22 same same JJ 31756 99 23 type type NN 31756 99 24 , , , 31756 99 25 shows show VBZ 31756 99 26 " " `` 31756 99 27 keys key NNS 31756 99 28 " " '' 31756 99 29 ( ( -LRB- 31756 99 30 D d NN 31756 99 31 ) ) -RRB- 31756 99 32 , , , 31756 99 33 each each DT 31756 99 34 of of IN 31756 99 35 which which WDT 31756 99 36 is be VBZ 31756 99 37 a a DT 31756 99 38 partial partial JJ 31756 99 39 nut nut NN 31756 99 40 of of IN 31756 99 41 different different JJ 31756 99 42 pitch pitch NN 31756 99 43 to to TO 31756 99 44 engage engage VB 31756 99 45 with with IN 31756 99 46 a a DT 31756 99 47 thread thread NN 31756 99 48 of of IN 31756 99 49 mating mate VBG 31756 99 50 pitch pitch NN 31756 99 51 . . . 31756 100 1 The the DT 31756 100 2 dotted dotted JJ 31756 100 3 lines line NNS 31756 100 4 in in IN 31756 100 5 figure figure NN 31756 100 6 13 13 CD 31756 100 7 show show VBP 31756 100 8 the the DT 31756 100 9 engaged engage VBN 31756 100 10 and and CC 31756 100 11 disengaged disengaged JJ 31756 100 12 positions position NNS 31756 100 13 of of IN 31756 100 14 one one CD 31756 100 15 of of IN 31756 100 16 these these DT 31756 100 17 keys key NNS 31756 100 18 , , , 31756 100 19 and and CC 31756 100 20 figure figure NN 31756 100 21 14 14 CD 31756 100 22 shows show VBZ 31756 100 23 the the DT 31756 100 24 spindle spindle NN 31756 100 25 with with IN 31756 100 26 the the DT 31756 100 27 various various JJ 31756 100 28 leads lead NNS 31756 100 29 , , , 31756 100 30 C. C. NNP 31756 100 31 At at IN 31756 100 32 D D NNP 31756 100 33 is be VBZ 31756 100 34 a a DT 31756 100 35 grooved grooved JJ 31756 100 36 collar collar NN 31756 100 37 to to TO 31756 100 38 be be VB 31756 100 39 engaged engage VBN 31756 100 40 by by IN 31756 100 41 the the DT 31756 100 42 narrow narrow JJ 31756 100 43 key key NN 31756 100 44 shown show VBN 31756 100 45 in in IN 31756 100 46 operating operating NN 31756 100 47 position position NN 31756 100 48 at at IN 31756 100 49 the the DT 31756 100 50 left left NN 31756 100 51 in in IN 31756 100 52 figure figure NN 31756 100 53 12 12 CD 31756 100 54 for for IN 31756 100 55 the the DT 31756 100 56 purpose purpose NN 31756 100 57 of of IN 31756 100 58 controlling control VBG 31756 100 59 the the DT 31756 100 60 endwise endwise JJ 31756 100 61 movement movement NN 31756 100 62 of of IN 31756 100 63 the the DT 31756 100 64 spindle spindle NN 31756 100 65 when when WRB 31756 100 66 used use VBN 31756 100 67 for for IN 31756 100 68 ordinary ordinary JJ 31756 100 69 turning turning NN 31756 100 70 instead instead RB 31756 100 71 of of IN 31756 100 72 thread thread NN 31756 100 73 - - HYPH 31756 100 74 cutting cutting NN 31756 100 75 . . . 31756 101 1 In in IN 31756 101 2 return return NN 31756 101 3 for for IN 31756 101 4 greater great JJR 31756 101 5 convenience convenience NN 31756 101 6 and and CC 31756 101 7 freedom freedom NN 31756 101 8 from from IN 31756 101 9 the the DT 31756 101 10 expense expense NN 31756 101 11 of of IN 31756 101 12 the the DT 31756 101 13 many many JJ 31756 101 14 separate separate JJ 31756 101 15 spindles spindle NNS 31756 101 16 , , , 31756 101 17 as as IN 31756 101 18 typified typify VBN 31756 101 19 by by IN 31756 101 20 the the DT 31756 101 21 Wetschgi Wetschgi NNP 31756 101 22 machine machine NN 31756 101 23 , , , 31756 101 24 a a DT 31756 101 25 sacrifice sacrifice NN 31756 101 26 has have VBZ 31756 101 27 been be VBN 31756 101 28 made make VBN 31756 101 29 in in IN 31756 101 30 the the DT 31756 101 31 length length NN 31756 101 32 of of IN 31756 101 33 the the DT 31756 101 34 thread thread NN 31756 101 35 which which WDT 31756 101 36 can can MD 31756 101 37 be be VB 31756 101 38 cut cut VBN 31756 101 39 without without IN 31756 101 40 interruption interruption NN 31756 101 41 . . . 31756 102 1 [ [ -LRB- 31756 102 2 Illustration illustration NN 31756 102 3 : : : 31756 102 4 Figure figure NN 31756 102 5 8.--BINDING 8.--BINDING NNP 31756 102 6 SCREW screw NN 31756 102 7 seen see VBN 31756 102 8 at at IN 31756 102 9 A a NN 31756 102 10 in in IN 31756 102 11 figure figure NN 31756 102 12 3 3 CD 31756 102 13 , , , 31756 102 14 showing show VBG 31756 102 15 the the DT 31756 102 16 long long JJ 31756 102 17 smooth smooth JJ 31756 102 18 fadeout fadeout NN 31756 102 19 of of IN 31756 102 20 the the DT 31756 102 21 thread thread NN 31756 102 22 below below IN 31756 102 23 the the DT 31756 102 24 shoulder shoulder NN 31756 102 25 . . . 31756 103 1 ( ( -LRB- 31756 103 2 Smithsonian smithsonian JJ 31756 103 3 photo photo NN 31756 103 4 49276 49276 CD 31756 103 5 . . . 31756 103 6 ) ) -RRB- 31756 103 7 ] ] -RRB- 31756 104 1 [ [ -LRB- 31756 104 2 Illustration illustration NN 31756 104 3 : : : 31756 104 4 Figure figure NN 31756 104 5 9.--MAKING 9.--making NN 31756 104 6 SCREWS screw VBZ 31756 104 7 IN in IN 31756 104 8 FRANCE FRANCE NNP 31756 104 9 in in IN 31756 104 10 the the DT 31756 104 11 third third JJ 31756 104 12 quarter quarter NN 31756 104 13 of of IN 31756 104 14 the the DT 31756 104 15 18th 18th JJ 31756 104 16 century century NN 31756 104 17 . . . 31756 105 1 From from IN 31756 105 2 _ _ NNP 31756 105 3 L'Encyclopédie L'Encyclopédie NNP 31756 105 4 , , , 31756 105 5 ou ou NNP 31756 105 6 dictionnaire dictionnaire NN 31756 105 7 raisonné raisonné VBP 31756 105 8 des des NNP 31756 105 9 sciences sciences NNPS 31756 105 10 , , , 31756 105 11 des des NNP 31756 105 12 arts art VBZ 31756 105 13 et et FW 31756 105 14 des des FW 31756 105 15 métiers métier NNS 31756 105 16 ... ... NFP 31756 105 17 receuil receuil NNP 31756 105 18 de de NNP 31756 105 19 planches planches NNP 31756 105 20 sur sur NNP 31756 105 21 les les NNP 31756 105 22 sciences sciences NNP 31756 105 23 , , , 31756 105 24 les les NNP 31756 105 25 arts arts NNP 31756 105 26 libéraux libéraux NNP 31756 105 27 , , , 31756 105 28 et et FW 31756 105 29 les les NNP 31756 105 30 arts arts NNP 31756 105 31 méchaniques méchanique NNS 31756 105 32 , , , 31756 105 33 avec avec FW 31756 105 34 leur leur IN 31756 105 35 explication explication NN 31756 105 36 _ _ NNP 31756 105 37 ( ( -LRB- 31756 105 38 Paris Paris NNP 31756 105 39 : : : 31756 105 40 1762 1762 CD 31756 105 41 - - SYM 31756 105 42 1772 1772 CD 31756 105 43 ) ) -RRB- 31756 105 44 , , , 31756 105 45 vol vol NNP 31756 105 46 . . . 31756 106 1 9 9 CD 31756 106 2 , , , 31756 106 3 plate plate VB 31756 106 4 1 1 CD 31756 106 5 . . . 31756 106 6 ] ] -RRB- 31756 107 1 [ [ -LRB- 31756 107 2 Illustration illustration NN 31756 107 3 : : : 31756 107 4 Figure figure NN 31756 107 5 10.--DETAILS 10.--details CD 31756 107 6 OF of IN 31756 107 7 THE the DT 31756 107 8 MACHINE MACHINE NNP 31756 107 9 in in IN 31756 107 10 the the DT 31756 107 11 left left JJ 31756 107 12 foreground foreground NN 31756 107 13 of of IN 31756 107 14 figure figure NN 31756 107 15 9 9 CD 31756 107 16 , , , 31756 107 17 showing show VBG 31756 107 18 the the DT 31756 107 19 crude crude JJ 31756 107 20 tool tool NN 31756 107 21 - - HYPH 31756 107 22 support support NN 31756 107 23 without without IN 31756 107 24 screw screw NN 31756 107 25 adjustment adjustment NN 31756 107 26 . . . 31756 108 1 From from IN 31756 108 2 _ _ NNP 31756 108 3 L'Encyclopédie L'Encyclopédie NNP 31756 108 4 _ _ NNP 31756 108 5 , , , 31756 108 6 vol vol NNP 31756 108 7 . . . 31756 109 1 9 9 CD 31756 109 2 , , , 31756 109 3 plate plate NN 31756 109 4 2 2 CD 31756 109 5 . . . 31756 109 6 ] ] -RRB- 31756 110 1 This this DT 31756 110 2 reduction reduction NN 31756 110 3 in in IN 31756 110 4 the the DT 31756 110 5 length length NN 31756 110 6 that that WDT 31756 110 7 could could MD 31756 110 8 conveniently conveniently RB 31756 110 9 be be VB 31756 110 10 threaded thread VBN 31756 110 11 was be VBD 31756 110 12 no no DT 31756 110 13 great great JJ 31756 110 14 drawback drawback NN 31756 110 15 on on IN 31756 110 16 many many JJ 31756 110 17 classes class NNS 31756 110 18 of of IN 31756 110 19 work work NN 31756 110 20 . . . 31756 111 1 This this DT 31756 111 2 can can MD 31756 111 3 be be VB 31756 111 4 realized realize VBN 31756 111 5 from from IN 31756 111 6 figure figure NN 31756 111 7 16 16 CD 31756 111 8 which which WDT 31756 111 9 shows show VBZ 31756 111 10 a a DT 31756 111 11 traverse traverse JJ 31756 111 12 - - HYPH 31756 111 13 spindle spindle NN 31756 111 14 lathe lathe NN 31756 111 15 headstock headstock NN 31756 111 16 typical typical JJ 31756 111 17 of of IN 31756 111 18 the the DT 31756 111 19 mid-19th mid-19th JJ 31756 111 20 century century NN 31756 111 21 . . . 31756 112 1 During during IN 31756 112 2 the the DT 31756 112 3 years year NNS 31756 112 4 intervening intervene VBG 31756 112 5 between between IN 31756 112 6 the the DT 31756 112 7 machines machine NNS 31756 112 8 of of IN 31756 112 9 figures figure NNS 31756 112 10 12 12 CD 31756 112 11 and and CC 31756 112 12 16 16 CD 31756 112 13 , , , 31756 112 14 the the DT 31756 112 15 general general JJ 31756 112 16 design design NN 31756 112 17 was be VBD 31756 112 18 greatly greatly RB 31756 112 19 improved improve VBN 31756 112 20 by by IN 31756 112 21 removing remove VBG 31756 112 22 the the DT 31756 112 23 lead lead JJ 31756 112 24 screws screw NNS 31756 112 25 from from IN 31756 112 26 the the DT 31756 112 27 center center NN 31756 112 28 of of IN 31756 112 29 the the DT 31756 112 30 spindle spindle NN 31756 112 31 . . . 31756 113 1 This this DT 31756 113 2 made make VBD 31756 113 3 possible possible JJ 31756 113 4 a a DT 31756 113 5 shorter short JJR 31756 113 6 , , , 31756 113 7 much much RB 31756 113 8 stiffer stiff JJR 31756 113 9 spindle spindle NN 31756 113 10 and and CC 31756 113 11 supported support VBD 31756 113 12 both both DT 31756 113 13 ends end NNS 31756 113 14 of of IN 31756 113 15 the the DT 31756 113 16 spindle spindle NN 31756 113 17 in in IN 31756 113 18 one one CD 31756 113 19 frame frame NN 31756 113 20 or or CC 31756 113 21 headstock headstock VB 31756 113 22 rather rather RB 31756 113 23 than than IN 31756 113 24 in in IN 31756 113 25 separate separate JJ 31756 113 26 pieces piece NNS 31756 113 27 attached attach VBN 31756 113 28 to to IN 31756 113 29 the the DT 31756 113 30 bed bed NN 31756 113 31 . . . 31756 114 1 The the DT 31756 114 2 screws screw NNS 31756 114 3 were be VBD 31756 114 4 now now RB 31756 114 5 mounted mount VBN 31756 114 6 outside outside RB 31756 114 7 of of IN 31756 114 8 the the DT 31756 114 9 spindle spindle NN 31756 114 10 - - HYPH 31756 114 11 bearings bearing NNS 31756 114 12 , , , 31756 114 13 one one CD 31756 114 14 at at IN 31756 114 15 a a DT 31756 114 16 time time NN 31756 114 17 , , , 31756 114 18 while while IN 31756 114 19 the the DT 31756 114 20 mating mate VBG 31756 114 21 nuts nut NNS 31756 114 22 were be VBD 31756 114 23 cut cut VBN 31756 114 24 partially partially RB 31756 114 25 into into IN 31756 114 26 the the DT 31756 114 27 circumference circumference NN 31756 114 28 of of IN 31756 114 29 a a DT 31756 114 30 disk disk NN 31756 114 31 which which WDT 31756 114 32 could could MD 31756 114 33 be be VB 31756 114 34 turned turn VBN 31756 114 35 to to TO 31756 114 36 bring bring VB 31756 114 37 any any DT 31756 114 38 particular particular JJ 31756 114 39 nut nut NN 31756 114 40 into into IN 31756 114 41 working working JJ 31756 114 42 position position NN 31756 114 43 as as IN 31756 114 44 required require VBN 31756 114 45 . . . 31756 115 1 With with IN 31756 115 2 this this DT 31756 115 3 arrangement arrangement NN 31756 115 4 , , , 31756 115 5 a a DT 31756 115 6 wide wide JJ 31756 115 7 variety variety NN 31756 115 8 of of IN 31756 115 9 leads lead NNS 31756 115 10 either either CC 31756 115 11 right right RB 31756 115 12 or or CC 31756 115 13 left left JJ 31756 115 14 hand hand NN 31756 115 15 could could MD 31756 115 16 be be VB 31756 115 17 provided provide VBN 31756 115 18 and and CC 31756 115 19 additional additional JJ 31756 115 20 leads lead NNS 31756 115 21 could could MD 31756 115 22 be be VB 31756 115 23 fitted fit VBN 31756 115 24 at at IN 31756 115 25 any any DT 31756 115 26 future future JJ 31756 115 27 time time NN 31756 115 28 . . . 31756 116 1 Screw screw NN 31756 116 2 - - HYPH 31756 116 3 cutting cut VBG 31756 116 4 lathes lathe NNS 31756 116 5 of of IN 31756 116 6 this this DT 31756 116 7 design design NN 31756 116 8 were be VBD 31756 116 9 popular popular JJ 31756 116 10 for for IN 31756 116 11 a a DT 31756 116 12 very very RB 31756 116 13 long long JJ 31756 116 14 time time NN 31756 116 15 with with IN 31756 116 16 instrument instrument NN 31756 116 17 makers maker NNS 31756 116 18 and and CC 31756 116 19 opticians optician NNS 31756 116 20 who who WP 31756 116 21 had have VBD 31756 116 22 little little JJ 31756 116 23 need need NN 31756 116 24 to to TO 31756 116 25 cut cut VB 31756 116 26 screws screw NNS 31756 116 27 of of IN 31756 116 28 great great JJ 31756 116 29 length length NN 31756 116 30 . . . 31756 117 1 [ [ -LRB- 31756 117 2 Illustration illustration NN 31756 117 3 : : : 31756 117 4 Figure figure NN 31756 117 5 11.--DETAILS 11.--details CD 31756 117 6 OF of IN 31756 117 7 THE the DT 31756 117 8 THREADING threading NN 31756 117 9 LATHE lathe NN 31756 117 10 seen see VBN 31756 117 11 in in IN 31756 117 12 the the DT 31756 117 13 right right JJ 31756 117 14 foreground foreground NN 31756 117 15 of of IN 31756 117 16 figure figure NN 31756 117 17 9 9 CD 31756 117 18 showing show VBG 31756 117 19 the the DT 31756 117 20 method method NN 31756 117 21 of of IN 31756 117 22 drive drive NN 31756 117 23 and and CC 31756 117 24 support support NN 31756 117 25 for for IN 31756 117 26 the the DT 31756 117 27 work work NN 31756 117 28 . . . 31756 118 1 From from IN 31756 118 2 _ _ NNP 31756 118 3 L'Encyclopédie L'Encyclopédie NNP 31756 118 4 _ _ NNP 31756 118 5 , , , 31756 118 6 vol vol NNP 31756 118 7 . . . 31756 119 1 9 9 CD 31756 119 2 , , , 31756 119 3 plate plate VB 31756 119 4 1 1 CD 31756 119 5 . . . 31756 119 6 ] ] -RRB- 31756 120 1 The the DT 31756 120 2 demands demand NNS 31756 120 3 of of IN 31756 120 4 expanding expand VBG 31756 120 5 industry industry NN 31756 120 6 for for IN 31756 120 7 greater great JJR 31756 120 8 versatility versatility NN 31756 120 9 in in IN 31756 120 10 the the DT 31756 120 11 production production NN 31756 120 12 of of IN 31756 120 13 engineering engineering NN 31756 120 14 elements element NNS 31756 120 15 late late RB 31756 120 16 in in IN 31756 120 17 the the DT 31756 120 18 18th 18th JJ 31756 120 19 century century NN 31756 120 20 set set VBD 31756 120 21 the the DT 31756 120 22 stage stage NN 31756 120 23 for for IN 31756 120 24 the the DT 31756 120 25 evolution evolution NN 31756 120 26 of of IN 31756 120 27 more more JJR 31756 120 28 complex complex JJ 31756 120 29 machines machine NNS 31756 120 30 tending tend VBG 31756 120 31 to to TO 31756 120 32 place place VB 31756 120 33 the the DT 31756 120 34 threaded threaded JJ 31756 120 35 spindle spindle JJ 31756 120 36 lathes lathe NNS 31756 120 37 in in IN 31756 120 38 eclipse eclipse NN 31756 120 39 . . . 31756 121 1 Maudslay Maudslay NNP 31756 121 2 's 's POS 31756 121 3 lathe lathe NN 31756 121 4 of of IN 31756 121 5 1797 1797 CD 31756 121 6 - - SYM 31756 121 7 1800 1800 CD 31756 121 8 ( ( -LRB- 31756 121 9 fig fig NN 31756 121 10 . . . 31756 122 1 15 15 LS 31756 122 2 ) ) -RRB- 31756 122 3 appeared appear VBD 31756 122 4 at at IN 31756 122 5 this this DT 31756 122 6 time time NN 31756 122 7 when when WRB 31756 122 8 industry industry NN 31756 122 9 was be VBD 31756 122 10 receptive receptive JJ 31756 122 11 to to IN 31756 122 12 rapid rapid JJ 31756 122 13 innovation innovation NN 31756 122 14 . . . 31756 123 1 Unfortunately unfortunately RB 31756 123 2 , , , 31756 123 3 the the DT 31756 123 4 gearing gearing NN 31756 123 5 which which WDT 31756 123 6 once once RB 31756 123 7 existed exist VBD 31756 123 8 to to TO 31756 123 9 connect connect VB 31756 123 10 the the DT 31756 123 11 headstock headstock NNP 31756 123 12 spindle spindle NN 31756 123 13 with with IN 31756 123 14 the the DT 31756 123 15 lead lead JJ 31756 123 16 screw screw NN 31756 123 17 has have VBZ 31756 123 18 long long RB 31756 123 19 been be VBN 31756 123 20 lost lose VBN 31756 123 21 . . . 31756 124 1 At at IN 31756 124 2 this this DT 31756 124 3 time time NN 31756 124 4 it -PRON- PRP 31756 124 5 is be VBZ 31756 124 6 quite quite RB 31756 124 7 difficult difficult JJ 31756 124 8 to to TO 31756 124 9 say say VB 31756 124 10 with with IN 31756 124 11 certainty certainty NN 31756 124 12 whether whether IN 31756 124 13 the the DT 31756 124 14 original original JJ 31756 124 15 gear gear NN 31756 124 16 set set NN 31756 124 17 offered offer VBD 31756 124 18 a a DT 31756 124 19 variety variety NN 31756 124 20 of of IN 31756 124 21 ratios ratio NNS 31756 124 22 , , , 31756 124 23 as as IN 31756 124 24 was be VBD 31756 124 25 true true JJ 31756 124 26 of of IN 31756 124 27 slightly slightly RB 31756 124 28 later later JJ 31756 124 29 Maudslay Maudslay NNP 31756 124 30 lathes lathe NNS 31756 124 31 , , , 31756 124 32 or or CC 31756 124 33 a a DT 31756 124 34 fixed fix VBN 31756 124 35 ratio ratio NN 31756 124 36 . . . 31756 125 1 The the DT 31756 125 2 plausibility plausibility NN 31756 125 3 of of IN 31756 125 4 the the DT 31756 125 5 fixed fix VBN 31756 125 6 ratio ratio NN 31756 125 7 theory theory NN 31756 125 8 is be VBZ 31756 125 9 supported support VBN 31756 125 10 by by IN 31756 125 11 the the DT 31756 125 12 very very RB 31756 125 13 convenient convenient JJ 31756 125 14 means mean NNS 31756 125 15 , , , 31756 125 16 seen see VBN 31756 125 17 in in IN 31756 125 18 figure figure NN 31756 125 19 15 15 CD 31756 125 20 , , , 31756 125 21 for for IN 31756 125 22 removing remove VBG 31756 125 23 the the DT 31756 125 24 lead lead NN 31756 125 25 screw screw NN 31756 125 26 in in IN 31756 125 27 preparation preparation NN 31756 125 28 for for IN 31756 125 29 substitution substitution NN 31756 125 30 of of IN 31756 125 31 one one CD 31756 125 32 of of IN 31756 125 33 another another DT 31756 125 34 pitch pitch NN 31756 125 35 . . . 31756 126 1 All all DT 31756 126 2 that that WDT 31756 126 3 is be VBZ 31756 126 4 required require VBN 31756 126 5 is be VBZ 31756 126 6 to to TO 31756 126 7 back back VB 31756 126 8 off off RP 31756 126 9 its -PRON- PRP$ 31756 126 10 supporting support VBG 31756 126 11 center center NN 31756 126 12 at at IN 31756 126 13 the the DT 31756 126 14 tailstock tailstock NN 31756 126 15 end end NN 31756 126 16 and and CC 31756 126 17 withdraw withdraw VB 31756 126 18 the the DT 31756 126 19 screw screw NN 31756 126 20 from from IN 31756 126 21 its -PRON- PRP$ 31756 126 22 split split NN 31756 126 23 nut[2 nut[2 NN 31756 126 24 ] ] -RRB- 31756 126 25 and and CC 31756 126 26 from from IN 31756 126 27 the the DT 31756 126 28 driving driving NN 31756 126 29 clutch clutch NN 31756 126 30 near near IN 31756 126 31 the the DT 31756 126 32 headstock headstock NN 31756 126 33 . . . 31756 127 1 This this DT 31756 127 2 split split NN 31756 127 3 nut nut NN 31756 127 4 also also RB 31756 127 5 would would MD 31756 127 6 have have VB 31756 127 7 to to TO 31756 127 8 be be VB 31756 127 9 changed change VBN 31756 127 10 to to IN 31756 127 11 one one CD 31756 127 12 of of IN 31756 127 13 a a DT 31756 127 14 pitch pitch NN 31756 127 15 corresponding correspond VBG 31756 127 16 to to IN 31756 127 17 that that DT 31756 127 18 of of IN 31756 127 19 the the DT 31756 127 20 screw screw NN 31756 127 21 . . . 31756 128 1 While while IN 31756 128 2 more more RBR 31756 128 3 expensive expensive JJ 31756 128 4 than than IN 31756 128 5 a a DT 31756 128 6 solid solid JJ 31756 128 7 nut nut NN 31756 128 8 , , , 31756 128 9 it -PRON- PRP 31756 128 10 neatly neatly RB 31756 128 11 circumvents circumvent VBZ 31756 128 12 the the DT 31756 128 13 need need NN 31756 128 14 ( ( -LRB- 31756 128 15 and and CC 31756 128 16 saves save VBZ 31756 128 17 the the DT 31756 128 18 time time NN 31756 128 19 involved involve VBN 31756 128 20 ) ) -RRB- 31756 128 21 to to TO 31756 128 22 reverse reverse VB 31756 128 23 the the DT 31756 128 24 screw screw NN 31756 128 25 in in IN 31756 128 26 order order NN 31756 128 27 to to TO 31756 128 28 get get VB 31756 128 29 the the DT 31756 128 30 tool tool NN 31756 128 31 back back RB 31756 128 32 to to IN 31756 128 33 the the DT 31756 128 34 point point NN 31756 128 35 of of IN 31756 128 36 beginning begin VBG 31756 128 37 preliminary preliminary JJ 31756 128 38 to to IN 31756 128 39 taking take VBG 31756 128 40 another another DT 31756 128 41 cut cut NN 31756 128 42 . . . 31756 129 1 David David NNP 31756 129 2 Wilkinson Wilkinson NNP 31756 129 3 's 's POS 31756 129 4 lathe lathe NN 31756 129 5 of of IN 31756 129 6 1798 1798 CD 31756 129 7 ( ( -LRB- 31756 129 8 fig fig NN 31756 129 9 . . . 31756 130 1 17 17 CD 31756 130 2 ) ) -RRB- 31756 130 3 which which WDT 31756 130 4 was be VBD 31756 130 5 developed develop VBN 31756 130 6 in in IN 31756 130 7 Rhode Rhode NNP 31756 130 8 Island Island NNP 31756 130 9 at at IN 31756 130 10 the the DT 31756 130 11 same same JJ 31756 130 12 time time NN 31756 130 13 shows show VBZ 31756 130 14 the the DT 31756 130 15 same same JJ 31756 130 16 method method NN 31756 130 17 of of IN 31756 130 18 mounting mount VBG 31756 130 19 and and CC 31756 130 20 driving drive VBG 31756 130 21 the the DT 31756 130 22 master master NN 31756 130 23 screw screw NN 31756 130 24 . . . 31756 131 1 At at IN 31756 131 2 least least JJS 31756 131 3 in in IN 31756 131 4 the the DT 31756 131 5 United United NNP 31756 131 6 States States NNP 31756 131 7 , , , 31756 131 8 this this DT 31756 131 9 method method NN 31756 131 10 of of IN 31756 131 11 changing change VBG 31756 131 12 the the DT 31756 131 13 lead lead NN 31756 131 14 screw screw NN 31756 131 15 instead instead RB 31756 131 16 of of IN 31756 131 17 using use VBG 31756 131 18 change change NN 31756 131 19 gears gear NNS 31756 131 20 remained remain VBD 31756 131 21 popular popular JJ 31756 131 22 for for IN 31756 131 23 many many JJ 31756 131 24 years year NNS 31756 131 25 . . . 31756 132 1 Examples example NNS 31756 132 2 of of IN 31756 132 3 this this DT 31756 132 4 changeable changeable JJ 31756 132 5 screw screw NN 31756 132 6 feature feature NN 31756 132 7 are be VBP 31756 132 8 to to TO 31756 132 9 be be VB 31756 132 10 found find VBN 31756 132 11 in in IN 31756 132 12 the the DT 31756 132 13 lathes lathe NNS 31756 132 14 constructed construct VBN 31756 132 15 for for IN 31756 132 16 the the DT 31756 132 17 pump pump NN 31756 132 18 factory factory NN 31756 132 19 of of IN 31756 132 20 W. W. NNP 31756 132 21 & & CC 31756 132 22 B. B. NNP 31756 132 23 Douglas Douglas NNP 31756 132 24 Company Company NNP 31756 132 25 , , , 31756 132 26 Middletown Middletown NNP 31756 132 27 , , , 31756 132 28 Connecticut,[3 Connecticut,[3 NNP 31756 132 29 ] ] -RRB- 31756 132 30 in in IN 31756 132 31 the the DT 31756 132 32 1830 1830 NN 31756 132 33 's 's POS 31756 132 34 . . . 31756 133 1 Middletown Middletown NNP 31756 133 2 , , , 31756 133 3 at at IN 31756 133 4 that that DT 31756 133 5 time time NN 31756 133 6 one one CD 31756 133 7 of of IN 31756 133 8 the the DT 31756 133 9 leading lead VBG 31756 133 10 metal metal NN 31756 133 11 - - HYPH 31756 133 12 working working NN 31756 133 13 centers center NNS 31756 133 14 in in IN 31756 133 15 one one CD 31756 133 16 of of IN 31756 133 17 the the DT 31756 133 18 chief chief JJ 31756 133 19 industrial industrial JJ 31756 133 20 States States NNP 31756 133 21 , , , 31756 133 22 had have VBD 31756 133 23 been be VBN 31756 133 24 for for IN 31756 133 25 many many JJ 31756 133 26 years year NNS 31756 133 27 the the DT 31756 133 28 site site NN 31756 133 29 of of IN 31756 133 30 the the DT 31756 133 31 Simeon Simeon NNP 31756 133 32 North North NNP 31756 133 33 arms arm NNS 31756 133 34 factory factory NN 31756 133 35 which which WDT 31756 133 36 rivaled rival VBD 31756 133 37 Whitney Whitney NNP 31756 133 38 's 's POS 31756 133 39 . . . 31756 134 1 In in IN 31756 134 2 this this DT 31756 134 3 atmosphere atmosphere NN 31756 134 4 , , , 31756 134 5 it -PRON- PRP 31756 134 6 is be VBZ 31756 134 7 reasonable reasonable JJ 31756 134 8 to to TO 31756 134 9 expect expect VB 31756 134 10 that that DT 31756 134 11 machinery machinery NN 31756 134 12 constructed construct VBN 31756 134 13 by by IN 31756 134 14 local local JJ 31756 134 15 mechanics mechanic NNS 31756 134 16 , , , 31756 134 17 as as IN 31756 134 18 was be VBD 31756 134 19 the the DT 31756 134 20 custom custom NN 31756 134 21 in in IN 31756 134 22 those those DT 31756 134 23 days day NNS 31756 134 24 , , , 31756 134 25 would would MD 31756 134 26 reflect reflect VB 31756 134 27 the the DT 31756 134 28 most most RBS 31756 134 29 accepted accepted JJ 31756 134 30 refinements refinement NNS 31756 134 31 in in IN 31756 134 32 machine machine NN 31756 134 33 design design NN 31756 134 34 . . . 31756 135 1 [ [ -LRB- 31756 135 2 Illustration illustration NN 31756 135 3 : : : 31756 135 4 Figure figure NN 31756 135 5 12.--WELL 12.--well CD 31756 135 6 - - HYPH 31756 135 7 DEVELOPED developed NN 31756 135 8 EXAMPLE example NN 31756 135 9 of of IN 31756 135 10 lathe lathe NN 31756 135 11 headstock headstock NN 31756 135 12 having have VBG 31756 135 13 several several JJ 31756 135 14 leads lead NNS 31756 135 15 on on IN 31756 135 16 the the DT 31756 135 17 spindle spindle NN 31756 135 18 and and CC 31756 135 19 provision provision NN 31756 135 20 for for IN 31756 135 21 mounting mount VBG 31756 135 22 the the DT 31756 135 23 work work NN 31756 135 24 or or CC 31756 135 25 a a DT 31756 135 26 work work NN 31756 135 27 - - HYPH 31756 135 28 holding hold VBG 31756 135 29 chuck chuck NN 31756 135 30 on on IN 31756 135 31 the the DT 31756 135 32 spindle spindle NN 31756 135 33 . . . 31756 136 1 Adapted adapt VBN 31756 136 2 from from IN 31756 136 3 _ _ NNP 31756 136 4 L'Encyclopédie L'Encyclopédie NNP 31756 136 5 _ _ NNP 31756 136 6 , , , 31756 136 7 vol vol NNP 31756 136 8 . . . 31756 137 1 10 10 CD 31756 137 2 , , , 31756 137 3 plate plate VBP 31756 137 4 13 13 CD 31756 137 5 . . . 31756 137 6 ] ] -RRB- 31756 138 1 [ [ -LRB- 31756 138 2 Illustration illustration NN 31756 138 3 : : : 31756 138 4 Figure figure NN 31756 138 5 13.--END 13.--end CD 31756 138 6 VIEW view NN 31756 138 7 OF of IN 31756 138 8 THE the DT 31756 138 9 HEADSTOCK HEADSTOCK NNP 31756 138 10 seen see VBN 31756 138 11 in in IN 31756 138 12 figure figure NN 31756 138 13 12 12 CD 31756 138 14 , , , 31756 138 15 showing show VBG 31756 138 16 the the DT 31756 138 17 keys key NNS 31756 138 18 or or CC 31756 138 19 half half NN 31756 138 20 nuts nut NNS 31756 138 21 which which WDT 31756 138 22 engage engage VBP 31756 138 23 the the DT 31756 138 24 threaded thread VBN 31756 138 25 spindle spindle NN 31756 138 26 , , , 31756 138 27 in in IN 31756 138 28 engaged engaged JJ 31756 138 29 and and CC 31756 138 30 disengaged disengaged JJ 31756 138 31 positions position NNS 31756 138 32 . . . 31756 139 1 From from IN 31756 139 2 _ _ NNP 31756 139 3 L'Encyclopédie L'Encyclopédie NNP 31756 139 4 _ _ NNP 31756 139 5 , , , 31756 139 6 vol vol NNP 31756 139 7 . . . 31756 140 1 10 10 CD 31756 140 2 , , , 31756 140 3 plate plate VBP 31756 140 4 13 13 CD 31756 140 5 . . . 31756 140 6 ] ] -RRB- 31756 141 1 [ [ -LRB- 31756 141 2 Illustration illustration NN 31756 141 3 : : : 31756 141 4 Figure figure NN 31756 141 5 14.--SPINDLE 14.--spindle CD 31756 141 6 OF of IN 31756 141 7 FIGURES figures NN 31756 141 8 12 12 CD 31756 141 9 AND and CC 31756 141 10 13 13 CD 31756 141 11 , , , 31756 141 12 showing show VBG 31756 141 13 the the DT 31756 141 14 several several JJ 31756 141 15 leads lead NNS 31756 141 16 and and CC 31756 141 17 the the DT 31756 141 18 many many JJ 31756 141 19 - - HYPH 31756 141 20 sided sided JJ 31756 141 21 seat seat NN 31756 141 22 for for IN 31756 141 23 the the DT 31756 141 24 driving drive VBG 31756 141 25 pulley pulley NN 31756 141 26 . . . 31756 142 1 Note note VB 31756 142 2 the the DT 31756 142 3 scale scale NN 31756 142 4 of of IN 31756 142 5 feet foot NNS 31756 142 6 . . . 31756 143 1 From from IN 31756 143 2 _ _ NNP 31756 143 3 L'Encyclopédie L'Encyclopédie NNP 31756 143 4 _ _ NNP 31756 143 5 , , , 31756 143 6 vol vol NNP 31756 143 7 . . . 31756 144 1 10 10 CD 31756 144 2 , , , 31756 144 3 plate plate NN 31756 144 4 16 16 CD 31756 144 5 . . . 31756 144 6 ] ] -RRB- 31756 145 1 Roughly roughly RB 31756 145 2 twenty twenty CD 31756 145 3 years year NNS 31756 145 4 later later RB 31756 145 5 , , , 31756 145 6 Joseph Joseph NNP 31756 145 7 Nason Nason NNP 31756 145 8 of of IN 31756 145 9 New New NNP 31756 145 10 York York NNP 31756 145 11 patented[4 patented[4 NNP 31756 145 12 ] ] -RRB- 31756 145 13 the the DT 31756 145 14 commercially commercially RB 31756 145 15 very very RB 31756 145 16 important important JJ 31756 145 17 " " `` 31756 145 18 Fox Fox NNP 31756 145 19 " " '' 31756 145 20 brassworker brassworker NN 31756 145 21 's 's POS 31756 145 22 lathe lathe NN 31756 145 23 ( ( -LRB- 31756 145 24 fig fig NN 31756 145 25 . . . 31756 146 1 18 18 CD 31756 146 2 ) ) -RRB- 31756 146 3 . . . 31756 147 1 While while IN 31756 147 2 this this DT 31756 147 3 does do VBZ 31756 147 4 have have VB 31756 147 5 a a DT 31756 147 6 ratio ratio NN 31756 147 7 in in IN 31756 147 8 the the DT 31756 147 9 pair pair NN 31756 147 10 of of IN 31756 147 11 gears gear NNS 31756 147 12 connecting connect VBG 31756 147 13 the the DT 31756 147 14 work work NN 31756 147 15 spindle spindle NN 31756 147 16 and and CC 31756 147 17 master master NN 31756 147 18 screw screw NN 31756 147 19 , , , 31756 147 20 it -PRON- PRP 31756 147 21 is be VBZ 31756 147 22 clear clear JJ 31756 147 23 from from IN 31756 147 24 the the DT 31756 147 25 patent patent NN 31756 147 26 that that IN 31756 147 27 various various JJ 31756 147 28 pitches pitch NNS 31756 147 29 are be VBP 31756 147 30 to to TO 31756 147 31 be be VB 31756 147 32 obtained obtain VBN 31756 147 33 by by IN 31756 147 34 changing change VBG 31756 147 35 screws screw NNS 31756 147 36 , , , 31756 147 37 not not RB 31756 147 38 by by IN 31756 147 39 changing change VBG 31756 147 40 gears gear NNS 31756 147 41 . . . 31756 148 1 The the DT 31756 148 2 patent patent NN 31756 148 3 sums sum VBZ 31756 148 4 it -PRON- PRP 31756 148 5 up up RP 31756 148 6 as as IN 31756 148 7 follows follow VBZ 31756 148 8 : : : 31756 148 9 A a DT 31756 148 10 nut nut NN 31756 148 11 upon upon IN 31756 148 12 the the DT 31756 148 13 end end NN 31756 148 14 of of IN 31756 148 15 the the DT 31756 148 16 stud stud NN 31756 148 17 ... ... : 31756 148 18 is be VBZ 31756 148 19 unscrewed unscrewed JJ 31756 148 20 when when WRB 31756 148 21 the the DT 31756 148 22 guide guide NN 31756 148 23 screw screw NN 31756 148 24 is be VBZ 31756 148 25 to to TO 31756 148 26 be be VB 31756 148 27 removed remove VBN 31756 148 28 or or CC 31756 148 29 changed change VBN 31756 148 30 . . . 31756 149 1 The the DT 31756 149 2 two two CD 31756 149 3 wheels wheel NNS 31756 149 4 ... ... NFP 31756 149 5 should should MD 31756 149 6 have have VB 31756 149 7 in in IN 31756 149 8 their -PRON- PRP$ 31756 149 9 number number NN 31756 149 10 of of IN 31756 149 11 teeth tooth NNS 31756 149 12 a a DT 31756 149 13 common common JJ 31756 149 14 multiple multiple NN 31756 149 15 . . . 31756 150 1 They -PRON- PRP 31756 150 2 are be VBP 31756 150 3 seldom seldom RB 31756 150 4 or or CC 31756 150 5 never never RB 31756 150 6 removed remove VBN 31756 150 7 and and CC 31756 150 8 their -PRON- PRP$ 31756 150 9 diameters diameter NNS 31756 150 10 are be VBP 31756 150 11 made make VBN 31756 150 12 dissimilar dissimilar JJ 31756 150 13 only only RB 31756 150 14 for for IN 31756 150 15 the the DT 31756 150 16 purpose purpose NN 31756 150 17 of of IN 31756 150 18 giving give VBG 31756 150 19 to to IN 31756 150 20 the the DT 31756 150 21 guide guide NN 31756 150 22 screw screw VBD 31756 150 23 a a DT 31756 150 24 slower slow JJR 31756 150 25 rate rate NN 31756 150 26 of of IN 31756 150 27 motion motion NN 31756 150 28 than than IN 31756 150 29 that that DT 31756 150 30 of of IN 31756 150 31 the the DT 31756 150 32 mandrel mandrel NN 31756 150 33 whereby whereby WRB 31756 150 34 it -PRON- PRP 31756 150 35 may may MD 31756 150 36 be be VB 31756 150 37 made make VBN 31756 150 38 of of IN 31756 150 39 coarser coarser NN 31756 150 40 pitch pitch NN 31756 150 41 than than IN 31756 150 42 that that DT 31756 150 43 of of IN 31756 150 44 the the DT 31756 150 45 screw screw NN 31756 150 46 to to TO 31756 150 47 be be VB 31756 150 48 cut cut VBN 31756 150 49 and and CC 31756 150 50 its -PRON- PRP$ 31756 150 51 wear wear NN 31756 150 52 materially materially RB 31756 150 53 lessened lessen VBN 31756 150 54 . . . 31756 151 1 The the DT 31756 151 2 introduction introduction NN 31756 151 3 of of IN 31756 151 4 gearing gearing NN 31756 151 5 between between IN 31756 151 6 the the DT 31756 151 7 spindle spindle NN 31756 151 8 and and CC 31756 151 9 the the DT 31756 151 10 lead lead JJ 31756 151 11 screw screw NN 31756 151 12 , , , 31756 151 13 for for IN 31756 151 14 whatever whatever WDT 31756 151 15 purpose purpose NN 31756 151 16 , , , 31756 151 17 could could MD 31756 151 18 not not RB 31756 151 19 help help VB 31756 151 20 but but CC 31756 151 21 introduce introduce VB 31756 151 22 variable variable JJ 31756 151 23 factors factor NNS 31756 151 24 caused cause VBN 31756 151 25 by by IN 31756 151 26 inaccuracies inaccuracy NNS 31756 151 27 in in IN 31756 151 28 the the DT 31756 151 29 gears gear NNS 31756 151 30 themselves -PRON- PRP 31756 151 31 and and CC 31756 151 32 in in IN 31756 151 33 their -PRON- PRP$ 31756 151 34 mounting mounting NN 31756 151 35 . . . 31756 152 1 These these DT 31756 152 2 were be VBD 31756 152 3 of of IN 31756 152 4 little little JJ 31756 152 5 consequence consequence NN 31756 152 6 for for IN 31756 152 7 common common JJ 31756 152 8 work work NN 31756 152 9 , , , 31756 152 10 particularly particularly RB 31756 152 11 when when WRB 31756 152 12 coupled couple VBN 31756 152 13 to to IN 31756 152 14 a a DT 31756 152 15 screw screw NN 31756 152 16 which which WDT 31756 152 17 , , , 31756 152 18 itself -PRON- PRP 31756 152 19 , , , 31756 152 20 was be VBD 31756 152 21 of of IN 31756 152 22 questionable questionable JJ 31756 152 23 accuracy accuracy NN 31756 152 24 . . . 31756 153 1 The the DT 31756 153 2 increasing increase VBG 31756 153 3 refinements refinement NNS 31756 153 4 demanded demand VBD 31756 153 5 in in IN 31756 153 6 scientific scientific JJ 31756 153 7 instruments instrument NNS 31756 153 8 and and CC 31756 153 9 in in IN 31756 153 10 machine machine NN 31756 153 11 tools tool NNS 31756 153 12 themselves -PRON- PRP 31756 153 13 after after IN 31756 153 14 they -PRON- PRP 31756 153 15 had have VBD 31756 153 16 reached reach VBN 31756 153 17 a a DT 31756 153 18 relatively relatively RB 31756 153 19 stable stable JJ 31756 153 20 form form NN 31756 153 21 dictated dictate VBD 31756 153 22 that that IN 31756 153 23 attention attention NN 31756 153 24 be be VB 31756 153 25 dedicated dedicate VBN 31756 153 26 to to IN 31756 153 27 improved improved JJ 31756 153 28 accuracy accuracy NN 31756 153 29 of of IN 31756 153 30 the the DT 31756 153 31 threaded thread VBN 31756 153 32 components component NNS 31756 153 33 . . . 31756 154 1 [ [ -LRB- 31756 154 2 Illustration illustration NN 31756 154 3 : : : 31756 154 4 Figure figure VB 31756 154 5 15.--MAUDSLAY 15.--maudslay NN 31756 154 6 'S 'S NNP 31756 154 7 WELL well RB 31756 154 8 - - HYPH 31756 154 9 KNOWN know VBN 31756 154 10 screw screw NN 31756 154 11 - - HYPH 31756 154 12 cutting cut VBG 31756 154 13 lathe lathe NN 31756 154 14 of of IN 31756 154 15 1797 1797 CD 31756 154 16 - - SYM 31756 154 17 1800 1800 CD 31756 154 18 , , , 31756 154 19 showing show VBG 31756 154 20 the the DT 31756 154 21 method method NN 31756 154 22 of of IN 31756 154 23 mounting mount VBG 31756 154 24 and and CC 31756 154 25 driving drive VBG 31756 154 26 changeable changeable JJ 31756 154 27 master master NN 31756 154 28 screws screw NNS 31756 154 29 . . . 31756 155 1 ( ( -LRB- 31756 155 2 _ _ NNP 31756 155 3 Photo Photo NNP 31756 155 4 courtesy courtesy NN 31756 155 5 of of IN 31756 155 6 The The NNP 31756 155 7 Science Science NNP 31756 155 8 Museum Museum NNP 31756 155 9 , , , 31756 155 10 London London NNP 31756 155 11 . . . 31756 155 12 _ _ NNP 31756 155 13 ) ) -RRB- 31756 155 14 ] ] -RRB- 31756 155 15 [ [ -LRB- 31756 155 16 Illustration illustration NN 31756 155 17 : : : 31756 155 18 Figure figure VB 31756 155 19 16.--HEADSTOCK 16.--headstock CD 31756 155 20 OF of IN 31756 155 21 A a DT 31756 155 22 GERMAN german JJ 31756 155 23 INSTRUMENT instrument NN 31756 155 24 - - HYPH 31756 155 25 MAKER MAKER NNP 31756 155 26 'S 'S NNP 31756 155 27 LATHE lathe NN 31756 155 28 , , , 31756 155 29 typical typical JJ 31756 155 30 of of IN 31756 155 31 the the DT 31756 155 32 mid-19th mid-19th JJ 31756 155 33 century century NN 31756 155 34 , , , 31756 155 35 showing show VBG 31756 155 36 the the DT 31756 155 37 traverse traverse NN 31756 155 38 spindle spindle NN 31756 155 39 , , , 31756 155 40 interchangeable interchangeable JJ 31756 155 41 lead lead NN 31756 155 42 screws screw NNS 31756 155 43 , , , 31756 155 44 and and CC 31756 155 45 semicircumferential semicircumferential JJ 31756 155 46 nut nut NNP 31756 155 47 containing contain VBG 31756 155 48 several several JJ 31756 155 49 leads lead NNS 31756 155 50 . . . 31756 156 1 The the DT 31756 156 2 nut nut NN 31756 156 3 may may MD 31756 156 4 be be VB 31756 156 5 brought bring VBN 31756 156 6 into into IN 31756 156 7 engagement engagement NN 31756 156 8 by by IN 31756 156 9 the the DT 31756 156 10 lever lever NN 31756 156 11 at at IN 31756 156 12 top top JJ 31756 156 13 rear rear NN 31756 156 14 of of IN 31756 156 15 the the DT 31756 156 16 headstock headstock NN 31756 156 17 . . . 31756 157 1 This this DT 31756 157 2 releases release VBZ 31756 157 3 the the DT 31756 157 4 end end NN 31756 157 5 thrust thrust NN 31756 157 6 control control NN 31756 157 7 on on IN 31756 157 8 the the DT 31756 157 9 spindle spindle NN 31756 157 10 simultaneously simultaneously RB 31756 157 11 with with IN 31756 157 12 engagement engagement NN 31756 157 13 of of IN 31756 157 14 the the DT 31756 157 15 nut nut NNP 31756 157 16 . . . 31756 158 1 ( ( -LRB- 31756 158 2 Smithsonian smithsonian JJ 31756 158 3 photo photo NN 31756 158 4 49839 49839 CD 31756 158 5 . . . 31756 158 6 ) ) -RRB- 31756 158 7 ] ] -RRB- 31756 159 1 [ [ -LRB- 31756 159 2 Illustration illustration NN 31756 159 3 : : : 31756 159 4 Figure figure NN 31756 159 5 17.--DAVID 17.--david CD 31756 159 6 WILKINSON WILKINSON NNP 31756 159 7 'S 's POS 31756 159 8 SCREW screw NN 31756 159 9 - - HYPH 31756 159 10 CUTTING cutting NN 31756 159 11 LATHE LATHE NNP 31756 159 12 , , , 31756 159 13 patented patent VBN 31756 159 14 in in IN 31756 159 15 the the DT 31756 159 16 United United NNP 31756 159 17 States States NNP 31756 159 18 in in IN 31756 159 19 1798 1798 CD 31756 159 20 . . . 31756 160 1 Note note VB 31756 160 2 the the DT 31756 160 3 ready ready JJ 31756 160 4 facility facility NN 31756 160 5 with with IN 31756 160 6 which which WDT 31756 160 7 the the DT 31756 160 8 lead lead JJ 31756 160 9 screw screw NN 31756 160 10 may may MD 31756 160 11 be be VB 31756 160 12 exchanged exchange VBN 31756 160 13 for for IN 31756 160 14 another another DT 31756 160 15 and and CC 31756 160 16 the the DT 31756 160 17 same same JJ 31756 160 18 means mean NNS 31756 160 19 of of IN 31756 160 20 supporting support VBG 31756 160 21 and and CC 31756 160 22 driving drive VBG 31756 160 23 as as IN 31756 160 24 in in IN 31756 160 25 figure figure NN 31756 160 26 15 15 CD 31756 160 27 . . . 31756 161 1 ( ( -LRB- 31756 161 2 U.S. U.S. NNP 31756 161 3 National National NNP 31756 161 4 Archives Archives NNP 31756 161 5 photo photo NN 31756 161 6 . . . 31756 161 7 ) ) -RRB- 31756 161 8 ] ] -RRB- 31756 162 1 An an DT 31756 162 2 attack attack NN 31756 162 3 on on IN 31756 162 4 this this DT 31756 162 5 problem problem NN 31756 162 6 , , , 31756 162 7 which which WDT 31756 162 8 interestingly interestingly RB 31756 162 9 reverts revert VBZ 31756 162 10 to to IN 31756 162 11 the the DT 31756 162 12 fundamental fundamental JJ 31756 162 13 principle principle NN 31756 162 14 of of IN 31756 162 15 motion motion NN 31756 162 16 derived derive VBN 31756 162 17 from from IN 31756 162 18 a a DT 31756 162 19 master master NN 31756 162 20 screw screw NN 31756 162 21 without without IN 31756 162 22 the the DT 31756 162 23 intervention intervention NN 31756 162 24 of of IN 31756 162 25 other other JJ 31756 162 26 mechanism mechanism NN 31756 162 27 ( ( -LRB- 31756 162 28 fig fig NN 31756 162 29 . . . 31756 163 1 19 19 CD 31756 163 2 ) ) -RRB- 31756 163 3 , , , 31756 163 4 is be VBZ 31756 163 5 covered cover VBN 31756 163 6 by by IN 31756 163 7 a a DT 31756 163 8 patent[5 patent[5 NNP 31756 163 9 ] ] -RRB- 31756 163 10 issued issue VBN 31756 163 11 to to IN 31756 163 12 Charles Charles NNP 31756 163 13 Vander Vander NNP 31756 163 14 Woerd Woerd NNP 31756 163 15 , , , 31756 163 16 one one CD 31756 163 17 - - HYPH 31756 163 18 time time NN 31756 163 19 superintendent superintendent NN 31756 163 20 of of IN 31756 163 21 the the DT 31756 163 22 Waltham Waltham NNP 31756 163 23 Watch Watch NNP 31756 163 24 Company Company NNP 31756 163 25 . . . 31756 164 1 The the DT 31756 164 2 problem problem NN 31756 164 3 is be VBZ 31756 164 4 well well RB 31756 164 5 stated state VBN 31756 164 6 in in IN 31756 164 7 the the DT 31756 164 8 patent patent NN 31756 164 9 : : : 31756 164 10 This this DT 31756 164 11 invention invention NN 31756 164 12 relates relate VBZ 31756 164 13 to to IN 31756 164 14 the the DT 31756 164 15 manufacture manufacture NN 31756 164 16 of of IN 31756 164 17 leading lead VBG 31756 164 18 screws screw NNS 31756 164 19 to to TO 31756 164 20 be be VB 31756 164 21 used use VBN 31756 164 22 for for IN 31756 164 23 purposes purpose NNS 31756 164 24 requiring require VBG 31756 164 25 the the DT 31756 164 26 highest high JJS 31756 164 27 attainable attainable JJ 31756 164 28 degree degree NN 31756 164 29 of of IN 31756 164 30 correctness correctness NN 31756 164 31 in in IN 31756 164 32 the the DT 31756 164 33 cutting cutting NN 31756 164 34 of of IN 31756 164 35 the the DT 31756 164 36 screw screw NN 31756 164 37 - - HYPH 31756 164 38 threads thread NNS 31756 164 39 of of IN 31756 164 40 said say VBN 31756 164 41 screw screw NN 31756 164 42 ... ... : 31756 164 43 as as IN 31756 164 44 , , , 31756 164 45 for for IN 31756 164 46 example example NN 31756 164 47 , , , 31756 164 48 in in IN 31756 164 49 machines machine NNS 31756 164 50 for for IN 31756 164 51 ruling rule VBG 31756 164 52 lines line NNS 31756 164 53 in in IN 31756 164 54 glass glass NN 31756 164 55 plates plate NNS 31756 164 56 to to TO 31756 164 57 produce produce VB 31756 164 58 refraction refraction NN 31756 164 59 [ [ -LRB- 31756 164 60 sic sic NN 31756 164 61 ] ] -RRB- 31756 164 62 gratings grating NNS 31756 164 63 for for IN 31756 164 64 the the DT 31756 164 65 resolution resolution NN 31756 164 66 of of IN 31756 164 67 the the DT 31756 164 68 lines line NNS 31756 164 69 of of IN 31756 164 70 the the DT 31756 164 71 solar solar JJ 31756 164 72 spectrum spectrum NN 31756 164 73 , , , 31756 164 74 such such JJ 31756 164 75 machines machine NNS 31756 164 76 being be VBG 31756 164 77 required require VBN 31756 164 78 to to TO 31756 164 79 rule rule VB 31756 164 80 many many JJ 31756 164 81 thousands thousand NNS 31756 164 82 of of IN 31756 164 83 lines line NNS 31756 164 84 on on IN 31756 164 85 an an DT 31756 164 86 inch inch NN 31756 164 87 of of IN 31756 164 88 space space NN 31756 164 89 by by IN 31756 164 90 a a DT 31756 164 91 marking mark VBG 31756 164 92 device device NN 31756 164 93 which which WDT 31756 164 94 is be VBZ 31756 164 95 reciprocated reciprocate VBN 31756 164 96 over over IN 31756 164 97 the the DT 31756 164 98 glass glass NN 31756 164 99 plate plate NN 31756 164 100 and and CC 31756 164 101 is be VBZ 31756 164 102 fed feed VBN 31756 164 103 by by IN 31756 164 104 the the DT 31756 164 105 action action NN 31756 164 106 of of IN 31756 164 107 a a DT 31756 164 108 leading lead VBG 31756 164 109 screw screw NN 31756 164 110 after after IN 31756 164 111 the the DT 31756 164 112 formation formation NN 31756 164 113 of of IN 31756 164 114 each each DT 31756 164 115 line line NN 31756 164 116 . . . 31756 165 1 Great great JJ 31756 165 2 difficulty difficulty NN 31756 165 3 has have VBZ 31756 165 4 been be VBN 31756 165 5 experienced experience VBN 31756 165 6 in in IN 31756 165 7 constructing construct VBG 31756 165 8 a a DT 31756 165 9 leading lead VBG 31756 165 10 screw screw NN 31756 165 11 for for IN 31756 165 12 this this DT 31756 165 13 and and CC 31756 165 14 other other JJ 31756 165 15 purposes purpose NNS 31756 165 16 , , , 31756 165 17 in in IN 31756 165 18 which which WDT 31756 165 19 the the DT 31756 165 20 thread thread NN 31756 165 21 is be VBZ 31756 165 22 so so RB 31756 165 23 nearly nearly RB 31756 165 24 correct correct JJ 31756 165 25 as as IN 31756 165 26 to to TO 31756 165 27 produce produce VB 31756 165 28 no no DT 31756 165 29 perceptible perceptible JJ 31756 165 30 variation variation NN 31756 165 31 in in IN 31756 165 32 the the DT 31756 165 33 microscopic microscopic JJ 31756 165 34 spaces space NNS 31756 165 35 between between IN 31756 165 36 the the DT 31756 165 37 ruled rule VBN 31756 165 38 lines line NNS 31756 165 39 or or CC 31756 165 40 gratings grating NNS 31756 165 41 .... .... . 31756 166 1 Various various JJ 31756 166 2 causes cause NNS 31756 166 3 prevent prevent VBP 31756 166 4 the the DT 31756 166 5 formation formation NN 31756 166 6 of of IN 31756 166 7 a a DT 31756 166 8 thread thread NN 31756 166 9 on on IN 31756 166 10 the the DT 31756 166 11 rod rod NN 31756 166 12 or or CC 31756 166 13 blank blank JJ 31756 166 14 , , , 31756 166 15 which which WDT 31756 166 16 is be VBZ 31756 166 17 absolutely absolutely RB 31756 166 18 uniform uniform JJ 31756 166 19 and and CC 31756 166 20 accurate accurate JJ 31756 166 21 from from IN 31756 166 22 end end NN 31756 166 23 to to IN 31756 166 24 end end NN 31756 166 25 of of IN 31756 166 26 the the DT 31756 166 27 rod rod NN 31756 166 28 . . . 31756 167 1 Among among IN 31756 167 2 other other JJ 31756 167 3 causes cause NNS 31756 167 4 are be VBP 31756 167 5 the the DT 31756 167 6 variations variation NNS 31756 167 7 of of IN 31756 167 8 temperature temperature NN 31756 167 9 from from IN 31756 167 10 time time NN 31756 167 11 to to IN 31756 167 12 time time NN 31756 167 13 , , , 31756 167 14 the the DT 31756 167 15 imperfections imperfection NNS 31756 167 16 of of IN 31756 167 17 the the DT 31756 167 18 operating operate VBG 31756 167 19 leading lead VBG 31756 167 20 screw screw NN 31756 167 21 , , , 31756 167 22 the the DT 31756 167 23 springing springing NN 31756 167 24 of of IN 31756 167 25 the the DT 31756 167 26 leading lead VBG 31756 167 27 screw screw NN 31756 167 28 and and CC 31756 167 29 of of IN 31756 167 30 the the DT 31756 167 31 rod rod NN 31756 167 32 that that WDT 31756 167 33 is be VBZ 31756 167 34 being be VBG 31756 167 35 threaded thread VBN 31756 167 36 , , , 31756 167 37 and and CC 31756 167 38 other other JJ 31756 167 39 unavoidable unavoidable JJ 31756 167 40 causes cause NNS 31756 167 41 , , , 31756 167 42 all all DT 31756 167 43 of of IN 31756 167 44 which which WDT 31756 167 45 , , , 31756 167 46 although although IN 31756 167 47 apparently apparently RB 31756 167 48 trivial trivial JJ 31756 167 49 and and CC 31756 167 50 producing produce VBG 31756 167 51 only only RB 31756 167 52 slight slight JJ 31756 167 53 variations variation NNS 31756 167 54 in in IN 31756 167 55 the the DT 31756 167 56 thread thread NN 31756 167 57 at at IN 31756 167 58 different different JJ 31756 167 59 parts part NNS 31756 167 60 of of IN 31756 167 61 the the DT 31756 167 62 rod rod NN 31756 167 63 or or CC 31756 167 64 blank blank JJ 31756 167 65 , , , 31756 167 66 are be VBP 31756 167 67 of of IN 31756 167 68 sufficient sufficient JJ 31756 167 69 moment moment NN 31756 167 70 to to TO 31756 167 71 be be VB 31756 167 72 seriously seriously RB 31756 167 73 considered consider VBN 31756 167 74 when when WRB 31756 167 75 a a DT 31756 167 76 screw screw NN 31756 167 77 of of IN 31756 167 78 absolute absolute JJ 31756 167 79 accuracy accuracy NN 31756 167 80 is be VBZ 31756 167 81 desired desire VBN 31756 167 82 . . . 31756 168 1 [ [ -LRB- 31756 168 2 Illustration illustration NN 31756 168 3 : : : 31756 168 4 Figure figure NN 31756 168 5 18.--NASON 18.--nason CD 31756 168 6 'S 'S NNP 31756 168 7 LATHE lathe NN 31756 168 8 , , , 31756 168 9 patented patent VBN 31756 168 10 in in IN 31756 168 11 1854 1854 CD 31756 168 12 , , , 31756 168 13 showing show VBG 31756 168 14 a a DT 31756 168 15 master master NN 31756 168 16 lead lead NN 31756 168 17 screw screw NN 31756 168 18 driven drive VBN 31756 168 19 at at IN 31756 168 20 less less RBR 31756 168 21 than than IN 31756 168 22 work work VB 31756 168 23 speed speed NN 31756 168 24 so so IN 31756 168 25 that that IN 31756 168 26 the the DT 31756 168 27 master master NN 31756 168 28 could could MD 31756 168 29 be be VB 31756 168 30 of of IN 31756 168 31 a a DT 31756 168 32 coarser coarser NN 31756 168 33 and and CC 31756 168 34 more more JJR 31756 168 35 durable durable JJ 31756 168 36 pitch pitch NN 31756 168 37 than than IN 31756 168 38 the the DT 31756 168 39 work work NN 31756 168 40 . . . 31756 169 1 U.S. U.S. NNP 31756 169 2 patent patent NN 31756 169 3 10383 10383 CD 31756 169 4 . . . 31756 169 5 ] ] -RRB- 31756 170 1 It -PRON- PRP 31756 170 2 is be VBZ 31756 170 3 interesting interesting JJ 31756 170 4 to to TO 31756 170 5 note note VB 31756 170 6 in in IN 31756 170 7 figure figure NN 31756 170 8 19 19 CD 31756 170 9 that that IN 31756 170 10 Vander Vander NNP 31756 170 11 Woerd Woerd NNP 31756 170 12 's 's POS 31756 170 13 machine machine NN 31756 170 14 , , , 31756 170 15 to to TO 31756 170 16 avoid avoid VB 31756 170 17 the the DT 31756 170 18 problems problem NNS 31756 170 19 outlined outline VBN 31756 170 20 in in IN 31756 170 21 his -PRON- PRP$ 31756 170 22 patent patent NN 31756 170 23 , , , 31756 170 24 has have VBZ 31756 170 25 returned return VBN 31756 170 26 to to IN 31756 170 27 a a DT 31756 170 28 starkly starkly RB 31756 170 29 simple simple JJ 31756 170 30 design design NN 31756 170 31 . . . 31756 171 1 We -PRON- PRP 31756 171 2 are be VBP 31756 171 3 not not RB 31756 171 4 told tell VBN 31756 171 5 , , , 31756 171 6 however however RB 31756 171 7 , , , 31756 171 8 how how WRB 31756 171 9 he -PRON- PRP 31756 171 10 originated originate VBD 31756 171 11 this this DT 31756 171 12 master master NN 31756 171 13 screw screw NN 31756 171 14 which which WDT 31756 171 15 is be VBZ 31756 171 16 used use VBN 31756 171 17 to to TO 31756 171 18 produce produce VB 31756 171 19 the the DT 31756 171 20 accurately accurately RB 31756 171 21 threaded thread VBN 31756 171 22 work work NN 31756 171 23 pieces piece NNS 31756 171 24 . . . 31756 172 1 Later later JJ 31756 172 2 generations generation NNS 31756 172 3 , , , 31756 172 4 in in IN 31756 172 5 the the DT 31756 172 6 search search NN 31756 172 7 for for IN 31756 172 8 ever ever RB 31756 172 9 - - HYPH 31756 172 10 greater great JJR 31756 172 11 accuracy accuracy NN 31756 172 12 , , , 31756 172 13 also also RB 31756 172 14 returned return VBD 31756 172 15 to to IN 31756 172 16 the the DT 31756 172 17 fundamental fundamental JJ 31756 172 18 simplicity simplicity NN 31756 172 19 of of IN 31756 172 20 a a DT 31756 172 21 master master NN 31756 172 22 screw screw VBD 31756 172 23 as as IN 31756 172 24 we -PRON- PRP 31756 172 25 shall shall MD 31756 172 26 see see VB 31756 172 27 when when WRB 31756 172 28 we -PRON- PRP 31756 172 29 consider consider VBP 31756 172 30 the the DT 31756 172 31 refinements refinement NNS 31756 172 32 in in IN 31756 172 33 mechanism mechanism NN 31756 172 34 necessary necessary JJ 31756 172 35 to to IN 31756 172 36 the the DT 31756 172 37 extended extended JJ 31756 172 38 development development NN 31756 172 39 of of IN 31756 172 40 the the DT 31756 172 41 automobile automobile NN 31756 172 42 and and CC 31756 172 43 the the DT 31756 172 44 airplane airplane NN 31756 172 45 . . . 31756 173 1 [ [ -LRB- 31756 173 2 Illustration illustration NN 31756 173 3 : : : 31756 173 4 Figure figure VB 31756 173 5 19.--VANDER 19.--vander CD 31756 173 6 WOERD WOERD NNP 31756 173 7 'S 'S NNP 31756 173 8 PATENT patent NN 31756 173 9 , , , 31756 173 10 seen see VBN 31756 173 11 here here RB 31756 173 12 , , , 31756 173 13 covered cover VBD 31756 173 14 the the DT 31756 173 15 combination combination NN 31756 173 16 of of IN 31756 173 17 a a DT 31756 173 18 master master NN 31756 173 19 screw screw NN 31756 173 20 , , , 31756 173 21 toolslide toolslide IN 31756 173 22 and and CC 31756 173 23 work work VB 31756 173 24 in in IN 31756 173 25 a a DT 31756 173 26 rigid rigid JJ 31756 173 27 frame frame NN 31756 173 28 to to TO 31756 173 29 be be VB 31756 173 30 supported support VBN 31756 173 31 and and CC 31756 173 32 driven drive VBN 31756 173 33 by by IN 31756 173 34 outside outside JJ 31756 173 35 means mean NNS 31756 173 36 of of IN 31756 173 37 no no DT 31756 173 38 required require VBN 31756 173 39 precision precision NN 31756 173 40 . . . 31756 174 1 U.S. U.S. NNP 31756 174 2 patent patent NN 31756 174 3 293930 293930 CD 31756 174 4 dated date VBN 31756 174 5 February February NNP 31756 174 6 1884 1884 CD 31756 174 7 . . . 31756 174 8 ] ] -RRB- 31756 175 1 As as IN 31756 175 2 the the DT 31756 175 3 power power NN 31756 175 4 and and CC 31756 175 5 speed speed NN 31756 175 6 of of IN 31756 175 7 automobiles automobile NNS 31756 175 8 and and CC 31756 175 9 aircraft aircraft NN 31756 175 10 increased increase VBD 31756 175 11 , , , 31756 175 12 critical critical JJ 31756 175 13 parts part NNS 31756 175 14 became become VBD 31756 175 15 more more RBR 31756 175 16 highly highly RB 31756 175 17 stressed stressed JJ 31756 175 18 . . . 31756 176 1 Gears gear NNS 31756 176 2 and and CC 31756 176 3 threaded thread VBN 31756 176 4 parts part NNS 31756 176 5 were be VBD 31756 176 6 particularly particularly RB 31756 176 7 troublesome troublesome JJ 31756 176 8 details detail NNS 31756 176 9 of of IN 31756 176 10 the the DT 31756 176 11 mechanism mechanism NN 31756 176 12 because because IN 31756 176 13 of of IN 31756 176 14 the the DT 31756 176 15 stresses stress NNS 31756 176 16 concentrated concentrate VBN 31756 176 17 in in IN 31756 176 18 them -PRON- PRP 31756 176 19 , , , 31756 176 20 and and CC 31756 176 21 , , , 31756 176 22 in in IN 31756 176 23 the the DT 31756 176 24 case case NN 31756 176 25 of of IN 31756 176 26 gears gear NNS 31756 176 27 , , , 31756 176 28 because because IN 31756 176 29 of of IN 31756 176 30 the the DT 31756 176 31 internal internal JJ 31756 176 32 and and CC 31756 176 33 external external JJ 31756 176 34 stresses stress NNS 31756 176 35 originating originate VBG 31756 176 36 in in IN 31756 176 37 minute minute JJ 31756 176 38 deviations deviation NNS 31756 176 39 from from IN 31756 176 40 the the DT 31756 176 41 ideal ideal NN 31756 176 42 of of IN 31756 176 43 tooth tooth NN 31756 176 44 form form NN 31756 176 45 and and CC 31756 176 46 spacing spacing NN 31756 176 47 . . . 31756 177 1 The the DT 31756 177 2 problems problem NNS 31756 177 3 were be VBD 31756 177 4 not not RB 31756 177 5 entirely entirely RB 31756 177 6 new new JJ 31756 177 7 but but CC 31756 177 8 had have VBD 31756 177 9 hitherto hitherto VBN 31756 177 10 been be VBN 31756 177 11 solved solve VBN 31756 177 12 by by IN 31756 177 13 increasing increase VBG 31756 177 14 the the DT 31756 177 15 size size NN 31756 177 16 of of IN 31756 177 17 the the DT 31756 177 18 parts part NNS 31756 177 19 , , , 31756 177 20 an an DT 31756 177 21 avenue avenue NN 31756 177 22 of of IN 31756 177 23 limited limited JJ 31756 177 24 utility utility NN 31756 177 25 to to IN 31756 177 26 designers designer NNS 31756 177 27 in in IN 31756 177 28 these these DT 31756 177 29 fields field NNS 31756 177 30 where where WRB 31756 177 31 total total JJ 31756 177 32 weight weight NN 31756 177 33 as as RB 31756 177 34 well well RB 31756 177 35 as as IN 31756 177 36 the the DT 31756 177 37 effects effect NNS 31756 177 38 of of IN 31756 177 39 mass mass NN 31756 177 40 and and CC 31756 177 41 inertia inertia NN 31756 177 42 are be VBP 31756 177 43 so so RB 31756 177 44 important important JJ 31756 177 45 . . . 31756 178 1 By by IN 31756 178 2 making make VBG 31756 178 3 these these DT 31756 178 4 parts part NNS 31756 178 5 of of IN 31756 178 6 heat heat NN 31756 178 7 - - HYPH 31756 178 8 treated treat VBN 31756 178 9 steel steel NN 31756 178 10 , , , 31756 178 11 the the DT 31756 178 12 strength strength NN 31756 178 13 could could MD 31756 178 14 be be VB 31756 178 15 made make VBN 31756 178 16 suitable suitable JJ 31756 178 17 while while IN 31756 178 18 the the DT 31756 178 19 size size NN 31756 178 20 and and CC 31756 178 21 mass mass NN 31756 178 22 of of IN 31756 178 23 the the DT 31756 178 24 parts part NNS 31756 178 25 were be VBD 31756 178 26 kept keep VBN 31756 178 27 within within IN 31756 178 28 bounds bound NNS 31756 178 29 . . . 31756 179 1 The the DT 31756 179 2 necessary necessary JJ 31756 179 3 processes process NNS 31756 179 4 of of IN 31756 179 5 heat heat NN 31756 179 6 - - HYPH 31756 179 7 treating treating NN 31756 179 8 were be VBD 31756 179 9 not not RB 31756 179 10 always always RB 31756 179 11 applicable applicable JJ 31756 179 12 to to IN 31756 179 13 finished finished JJ 31756 179 14 parts part NNS 31756 179 15 as as IN 31756 179 16 they -PRON- PRP 31756 179 17 sometimes sometimes RB 31756 179 18 destroyed destroy VBD 31756 179 19 both both DT 31756 179 20 finish finish NN 31756 179 21 and and CC 31756 179 22 accuracy accuracy NN 31756 179 23 . . . 31756 180 1 Grinding grinding NN 31756 180 2 , , , 31756 180 3 which which WDT 31756 180 4 was be VBD 31756 180 5 well well RB 31756 180 6 developed develop VBN 31756 180 7 for for IN 31756 180 8 the the DT 31756 180 9 simple simple JJ 31756 180 10 plane plane NN 31756 180 11 , , , 31756 180 12 cylindrical cylindrical JJ 31756 180 13 , , , 31756 180 14 and and CC 31756 180 15 conical conical JJ 31756 180 16 surfaces surface NNS 31756 180 17 so so RB 31756 180 18 widely widely RB 31756 180 19 used use VBN 31756 180 20 in in IN 31756 180 21 mechanisms mechanism NNS 31756 180 22 , , , 31756 180 23 had have VBD 31756 180 24 to to TO 31756 180 25 be be VB 31756 180 26 extended extend VBN 31756 180 27 to to IN 31756 180 28 threads thread NNS 31756 180 29 and and CC 31756 180 30 gears gear NNS 31756 180 31 so so IN 31756 180 32 that that IN 31756 180 33 they -PRON- PRP 31756 180 34 could could MD 31756 180 35 be be VB 31756 180 36 finished finish VBN 31756 180 37 after after IN 31756 180 38 heat heat NN 31756 180 39 - - HYPH 31756 180 40 treating treating NN 31756 180 41 . . . 31756 181 1 Sometimes sometimes RB 31756 181 2 the the DT 31756 181 3 gear gear NN 31756 181 4 teeth tooth NNS 31756 181 5 themselves -PRON- PRP 31756 181 6 were be VBD 31756 181 7 ground grind VBN 31756 181 8 ; ; : 31756 181 9 for for IN 31756 181 10 other other JJ 31756 181 11 applications application NNS 31756 181 12 it -PRON- PRP 31756 181 13 was be VBD 31756 181 14 sufficient sufficient JJ 31756 181 15 to to TO 31756 181 16 improve improve VB 31756 181 17 the the DT 31756 181 18 accuracy accuracy NN 31756 181 19 of of IN 31756 181 20 the the DT 31756 181 21 gear gear NN 31756 181 22 cutters cutter NNS 31756 181 23 . . . 31756 182 1 [ [ -LRB- 31756 182 2 Illustration illustration NN 31756 182 3 : : : 31756 182 4 Figure figure NN 31756 182 5 20.--A 20.--a CD 31756 182 6 HOB hob NN 31756 182 7 - - HYPH 31756 182 8 GRINDING GRINDING NNP 31756 182 9 MACHINE MACHINE NNP 31756 182 10 patented patent VBD 31756 182 11 in in IN 31756 182 12 1932 1932 CD 31756 182 13 and and CC 31756 182 14 incorporating incorporate VBG 31756 182 15 the the DT 31756 182 16 master master NN 31756 182 17 - - HYPH 31756 182 18 screw screw NN 31756 182 19 principle principle NN 31756 182 20 . . . 31756 183 1 Carl Carl NNP 31756 183 2 G. G. NNP 31756 183 3 Olson Olson NNP 31756 183 4 's 's POS 31756 183 5 U.S. U.S. NNP 31756 183 6 patent patent NN 31756 183 7 1874592 1874592 CD 31756 183 8 . . . 31756 183 9 ] ] -RRB- 31756 184 1 Attempts attempt NNS 31756 184 2 to to TO 31756 184 3 produce produce VB 31756 184 4 gear gear NN 31756 184 5 hobs hob NNS 31756 184 6 free free JJ 31756 184 7 of of IN 31756 184 8 the the DT 31756 184 9 imperfections imperfection NNS 31756 184 10 and and CC 31756 184 11 distortions distortion NNS 31756 184 12 introduced introduce VBN 31756 184 13 by by IN 31756 184 14 heat heat NN 31756 184 15 treatment treatment NN 31756 184 16 led lead VBN 31756 184 17 to to IN 31756 184 18 another another DT 31756 184 19 return return NN 31756 184 20 to to IN 31756 184 21 the the DT 31756 184 22 use use NN 31756 184 23 of of IN 31756 184 24 the the DT 31756 184 25 master master NN 31756 184 26 lead lead NN 31756 184 27 screw screw NNP 31756 184 28 . . . 31756 185 1 Figure figure NN 31756 185 2 20 20 CD 31756 185 3 illustrates illustrate VBZ 31756 185 4 a a DT 31756 185 5 machine machine NN 31756 185 6 having have VBG 31756 185 7 this this DT 31756 185 8 feature feature NN 31756 185 9 which which WDT 31756 185 10 was be VBD 31756 185 11 patented patent VBN 31756 185 12 in in IN 31756 185 13 1932 1932 CD 31756 185 14 by by IN 31756 185 15 Carl Carl NNP 31756 185 16 G. G. NNP 31756 186 1 Olson Olson NNP 31756 186 2 . . . 31756 187 1 [ [ -LRB- 31756 187 2 6 6 CD 31756 187 3 ] ] -RRB- 31756 187 4 In in IN 31756 187 5 speaking speaking NN 31756 187 6 of of IN 31756 187 7 the the DT 31756 187 8 spindle spindle NN 31756 187 9 - - HYPH 31756 187 10 driving drive VBG 31756 187 11 mechanism mechanism NN 31756 187 12 disclosed disclose VBN 31756 187 13 in in IN 31756 187 14 earlier early JJR 31756 187 15 patents patent NNS 31756 187 16 , , , 31756 187 17 the the DT 31756 187 18 patent patent NN 31756 187 19 goes go VBZ 31756 187 20 on on RP 31756 187 21 to to TO 31756 187 22 say say VB 31756 187 23 : : : 31756 187 24 This this DT 31756 187 25 driving drive VBG 31756 187 26 mechanism mechanism NN 31756 187 27 includes include VBZ 31756 187 28 an an DT 31756 187 29 integral integral JJ 31756 187 30 spindle spindle NN 31756 187 31 20 20 CD 31756 187 32 , , , 31756 187 33 one one CD 31756 187 34 extremity extremity NN 31756 187 35 thereof thereof RB 31756 187 36 being be VBG 31756 187 37 designed design VBN 31756 187 38 for for IN 31756 187 39 supporting support VBG 31756 187 40 a a DT 31756 187 41 hob hob NN 31756 187 42 22 22 CD 31756 187 43 and and CC 31756 187 44 the the DT 31756 187 45 other other JJ 31756 187 46 extremity extremity NN 31756 187 47 thereof thereof RB 31756 187 48 being be VBG 31756 187 49 formed form VBN 31756 187 50 so so IN 31756 187 51 as as IN 31756 187 52 to to TO 31756 187 53 present present VB 31756 187 54 a a DT 31756 187 55 lead lead NN 31756 187 56 screw screw VBD 31756 187 57 24 24 CD 31756 187 58 . . . 31756 188 1 The the DT 31756 188 2 spindle spindle NN 31756 188 3 20 20 CD 31756 188 4 is be VBZ 31756 188 5 mounted mount VBN 31756 188 6 between between IN 31756 188 7 a a DT 31756 188 8 bearing bearing NN 31756 188 9 26 26 CD 31756 188 10 and and CC 31756 188 11 a a DT 31756 188 12 bearing bearing NN 31756 188 13 28 28 CD 31756 188 14 , , , 31756 188 15 the the DT 31756 188 16 latter latter JJ 31756 188 17 bearing bearing NN 31756 188 18 providing provide VBG 31756 188 19 a a DT 31756 188 20 nut nut NN 31756 188 21 in in IN 31756 188 22 which which WDT 31756 188 23 the the DT 31756 188 24 lead lead NN 31756 188 25 screw screw VBD 31756 188 26 24 24 CD 31756 188 27 rotates rotate NNS 31756 188 28 .... .... . 31756 188 29 From from IN 31756 188 30 the the DT 31756 188 31 description description NN 31756 188 32 thus thus RB 31756 188 33 far far RB 31756 188 34 given give VBN 31756 188 35 it -PRON- PRP 31756 188 36 will will MD 31756 188 37 be be VB 31756 188 38 apparent apparent JJ 31756 188 39 that that IN 31756 188 40 the the DT 31756 188 41 rotation rotation NN 31756 188 42 of of IN 31756 188 43 the the DT 31756 188 44 lead lead NN 31756 188 45 screw screw VBD 31756 188 46 24 24 CD 31756 188 47 within within IN 31756 188 48 the the DT 31756 188 49 bearing bearing NN 31756 188 50 or or CC 31756 188 51 nut nut NNP 31756 188 52 28 28 CD 31756 188 53 will will MD 31756 188 54 cause cause VB 31756 188 55 the the DT 31756 188 56 hob hob NN 31756 188 57 to to TO 31756 188 58 be be VB 31756 188 59 moved move VBN 31756 188 60 axially axially RB 31756 188 61 , , , 31756 188 62 the the DT 31756 188 63 lead lead NN 31756 188 64 of of IN 31756 188 65 the the DT 31756 188 66 screw screw NN 31756 188 67 24 24 CD 31756 188 68 being be VBG 31756 188 69 equal equal JJ 31756 188 70 to to IN 31756 188 71 the the DT 31756 188 72 lead lead NN 31756 188 73 of of IN 31756 188 74 the the DT 31756 188 75 thread thread NN 31756 188 76 in in IN 31756 188 77 the the DT 31756 188 78 hob hob NN 31756 188 79 . . . 31756 189 1 Claim Claim NNP 31756 189 2 8 8 CD 31756 189 3 which which WDT 31756 189 4 concludes conclude VBZ 31756 189 5 the the DT 31756 189 6 descriptive descriptive JJ 31756 189 7 portion portion NN 31756 189 8 of of IN 31756 189 9 the the DT 31756 189 10 patent patent NN 31756 189 11 states state NNS 31756 189 12 in in IN 31756 189 13 part part NN 31756 189 14 : : : 31756 189 15 In in IN 31756 189 16 a a DT 31756 189 17 hob hob NN 31756 189 18 grinding grind VBG 31756 189 19 machine machine NN 31756 189 20 of of IN 31756 189 21 the the DT 31756 189 22 class class NN 31756 189 23 described describe VBN 31756 189 24 , , , 31756 189 25 a a DT 31756 189 26 rotary rotary JJ 31756 189 27 work work NN 31756 189 28 supporting support VBG 31756 189 29 spindle spindle NN 31756 189 30 , , , 31756 189 31 means mean VBZ 31756 189 32 for for IN 31756 189 33 effecting effect VBG 31756 189 34 longitudinal longitudinal JJ 31756 189 35 movement movement NN 31756 189 36 of of IN 31756 189 37 the the DT 31756 189 38 spindle spindle NN 31756 189 39 , , , 31756 189 40 a a DT 31756 189 41 tool tool NN 31756 189 42 holder holder NN 31756 189 43 for for IN 31756 189 44 supporting support VBG 31756 189 45 a a DT 31756 189 46 grinding grind VBG 31756 189 47 wheel wheel NN 31756 189 48 in in IN 31756 189 49 operative operative JJ 31756 189 50 position position NN 31756 189 51 with with IN 31756 189 52 respect respect NN 31756 189 53 to to IN 31756 189 54 the the DT 31756 189 55 work work NN 31756 189 56 supported support VBN 31756 189 57 by by IN 31756 189 58 the the DT 31756 189 59 spindle spindle NN 31756 189 60 during during IN 31756 189 61 the the DT 31756 189 62 rotary rotary JJ 31756 189 63 and and CC 31756 189 64 longitudinal longitudinal JJ 31756 189 65 movement movement NN 31756 189 66 thereof thereof RB 31756 189 67 , , , 31756 189 68 ... ... . 31756 190 1 Even even RB 31756 190 2 before before IN 31756 190 3 this this DT 31756 190 4 patent patent NN 31756 190 5 was be VBD 31756 190 6 applied apply VBN 31756 190 7 for for IN 31756 190 8 , , , 31756 190 9 another another DT 31756 190 10 patent patent NN 31756 190 11 was be VBD 31756 190 12 pending pende VBG 31756 190 13 for for IN 31756 190 14 the the DT 31756 190 15 purpose purpose NN 31756 190 16 of of IN 31756 190 17 modifying modify VBG 31756 190 18 the the DT 31756 190 19 pitch pitch NN 31756 190 20 of of IN 31756 190 21 the the DT 31756 190 22 lead lead NN 31756 190 23 screw screw VBD 31756 190 24 without without IN 31756 190 25 the the DT 31756 190 26 use use NN 31756 190 27 of of IN 31756 190 28 change change NN 31756 190 29 gears gear NNS 31756 190 30 in in IN 31756 190 31 spite spite NN 31756 190 32 of of IN 31756 190 33 the the DT 31756 190 34 wide wide JJ 31756 190 35 acceptance acceptance NN 31756 190 36 of of IN 31756 190 37 such such JJ 31756 190 38 gear gear NN 31756 190 39 mechanisms mechanism NNS 31756 190 40 for for IN 31756 190 41 over over IN 31756 190 42 a a DT 31756 190 43 hundred hundred CD 31756 190 44 years year NNS 31756 190 45 . . . 31756 191 1 [ [ -LRB- 31756 191 2 Illustration illustration NN 31756 191 3 : : : 31756 191 4 Figure figure NN 31756 191 5 21.--A 21.--a NN 31756 191 6 HOB hob NN 31756 191 7 - - HYPH 31756 191 8 GRINDING grinding NN 31756 191 9 MACHINE machine NN 31756 191 10 OF of IN 31756 191 11 1933 1933 CD 31756 191 12 , , , 31756 191 13 showing show VBG 31756 191 14 use use NN 31756 191 15 of of IN 31756 191 16 the the DT 31756 191 17 master master NN 31756 191 18 screw screw VBD 31756 191 19 with with IN 31756 191 20 a a DT 31756 191 21 modifier modifier NN 31756 191 22 but but CC 31756 191 23 without without IN 31756 191 24 change change NN 31756 191 25 gears gear NNS 31756 191 26 . . . 31756 192 1 Carl Carl NNP 31756 192 2 G. G. NNP 31756 192 3 Olson Olson NNP 31756 192 4 's 's POS 31756 192 5 U.S. U.S. NNP 31756 192 6 patent patent NN 31756 192 7 1901926 1901926 CD 31756 192 8 . . . 31756 192 9 ] ] -RRB- 31756 193 1 [ [ -LRB- 31756 193 2 Illustration illustration NN 31756 193 3 : : : 31756 193 4 Figure figure NN 31756 193 5 22.--A 22.--a CD 31756 193 6 SINE SINE NNS 31756 193 7 - - HYPH 31756 193 8 BAR BAR NNP 31756 193 9 DEVICE device NN 31756 193 10 to to TO 31756 193 11 modify modify VB 31756 193 12 the the DT 31756 193 13 effective effective JJ 31756 193 14 lead lead NN 31756 193 15 of of IN 31756 193 16 a a DT 31756 193 17 master master NN 31756 193 18 lead lead NN 31756 193 19 screw screw NN 31756 193 20 without without IN 31756 193 21 introducing introduce VBG 31756 193 22 a a DT 31756 193 23 complex complex JJ 31756 193 24 mechanism mechanism NN 31756 193 25 which which WDT 31756 193 26 would would MD 31756 193 27 be be VB 31756 193 28 both both CC 31756 193 29 difficult difficult JJ 31756 193 30 to to TO 31756 193 31 make make VB 31756 193 32 and and CC 31756 193 33 to to TO 31756 193 34 operate operate VB 31756 193 35 within within IN 31756 193 36 the the DT 31756 193 37 required require VBN 31756 193 38 close close JJ 31756 193 39 limits limit NNS 31756 193 40 . . . 31756 194 1 Carl Carl NNP 31756 194 2 G. G. NNP 31756 194 3 Olson Olson NNP 31756 194 4 's 's POS 31756 194 5 ( ( -LRB- 31756 194 6 1933 1933 CD 31756 194 7 ) ) -RRB- 31756 194 8 U.S. U.S. NNP 31756 194 9 patent patent NN 31756 194 10 1901926 1901926 CD 31756 194 11 . . . 31756 194 12 ] ] -RRB- 31756 195 1 Figure figure NN 31756 195 2 21 21 CD 31756 195 3 shows show VBZ 31756 195 4 a a DT 31756 195 5 plan plan NN 31756 195 6 view[7 view[7 NNP 31756 195 7 ] ] -RRB- 31756 195 8 of of IN 31756 195 9 the the DT 31756 195 10 machine machine NN 31756 195 11 , , , 31756 195 12 and and CC 31756 195 13 figure figure VB 31756 195 14 22 22 CD 31756 195 15 a a DT 31756 195 16 detailed detailed JJ 31756 195 17 view view NN 31756 195 18 of of IN 31756 195 19 the the DT 31756 195 20 sine sine JJ 31756 195 21 - - HYPH 31756 195 22 bar bar NN 31756 195 23 mechanism mechanism NN 31756 195 24 actuated actuate VBN 31756 195 25 by by IN 31756 195 26 the the DT 31756 195 27 master master NN 31756 195 28 screw screw NNP 31756 195 29 , , , 31756 195 30 6 6 CD 31756 195 31 , , , 31756 195 32 to to TO 31756 195 33 modify modify VB 31756 195 34 the the DT 31756 195 35 effective effective JJ 31756 195 36 pitch pitch NN 31756 195 37 of of IN 31756 195 38 the the DT 31756 195 39 lead lead NN 31756 195 40 screw screw NN 31756 195 41 in in IN 31756 195 42 accordance accordance NN 31756 195 43 with with IN 31756 195 44 the the DT 31756 195 45 realities reality NNS 31756 195 46 of of IN 31756 195 47 practice practice NN 31756 195 48 as as IN 31756 195 49 stated state VBN 31756 195 50 in in IN 31756 195 51 the the DT 31756 195 52 preamble preamble NN 31756 195 53 of of IN 31756 195 54 the the DT 31756 195 55 patent patent NN 31756 195 56 : : : 31756 195 57 This this DT 31756 195 58 invention invention NN 31756 195 59 relates relate VBZ 31756 195 60 to to IN 31756 195 61 material material NN 31756 195 62 working working NN 31756 195 63 machines machine NNS 31756 195 64 , , , 31756 195 65 and and CC 31756 195 66 particularly particularly RB 31756 195 67 to to IN 31756 195 68 machines machine NNS 31756 195 69 such such JJ 31756 195 70 as as IN 31756 195 71 hob hob NN 31756 195 72 grinders grinder NNS 31756 195 73 and and CC 31756 195 74 the the DT 31756 195 75 like like JJ 31756 195 76 , , , 31756 195 77 wherein wherein WRB 31756 195 78 the the DT 31756 195 79 work work NN 31756 195 80 is be VBZ 31756 195 81 reciprocated reciprocate VBN 31756 195 82 through through IN 31756 195 83 the the DT 31756 195 84 agency agency NN 31756 195 85 of of IN 31756 195 86 a a DT 31756 195 87 lead lead JJ 31756 195 88 screw screw NN 31756 195 89 . . . 31756 196 1 In in IN 31756 196 2 the the DT 31756 196 3 manufacture manufacture NN 31756 196 4 of of IN 31756 196 5 hobs hobs NNP 31756 196 6 it -PRON- PRP 31756 196 7 is be VBZ 31756 196 8 common common JJ 31756 196 9 practice practice NN 31756 196 10 to to TO 31756 196 11 employ employ VB 31756 196 12 the the DT 31756 196 13 same same JJ 31756 196 14 machine machine NN 31756 196 15 for for IN 31756 196 16 grinding grind VBG 31756 196 17 hobs hob NNS 31756 196 18 of of IN 31756 196 19 varied varied JJ 31756 196 20 diameters diameter NNS 31756 196 21 , , , 31756 196 22 and and CC 31756 196 23 in in IN 31756 196 24 order order NN 31756 196 25 to to TO 31756 196 26 employ employ VB 31756 196 27 such such PDT 31756 196 28 a a DT 31756 196 29 machine machine NN 31756 196 30 in in IN 31756 196 31 this this DT 31756 196 32 manner manner NN 31756 196 33 the the DT 31756 196 34 pitch pitch NN 31756 196 35 of of IN 31756 196 36 the the DT 31756 196 37 lead lead JJ 31756 196 38 screw screw NN 31756 196 39 , , , 31756 196 40 thereof thereof RB 31756 196 41 , , , 31756 196 42 which which WDT 31756 196 43 actuates actuate VBZ 31756 196 44 the the DT 31756 196 45 work work NN 31756 196 46 carrier carrier NN 31756 196 47 , , , 31756 196 48 must must MD 31756 196 49 conform conform VB 31756 196 50 to to IN 31756 196 51 the the DT 31756 196 52 axial axial JJ 31756 196 53 pitch pitch NN 31756 196 54 of of IN 31756 196 55 the the DT 31756 196 56 hob hob NN 31756 196 57 to to TO 31756 196 58 be be VB 31756 196 59 ground grind VBN 31756 196 60 . . . 31756 197 1 This this DT 31756 197 2 will will MD 31756 197 3 be be VB 31756 197 4 readily readily RB 31756 197 5 apparent apparent JJ 31756 197 6 when when WRB 31756 197 7 it -PRON- PRP 31756 197 8 is be VBZ 31756 197 9 understood understand VBN 31756 197 10 that that IN 31756 197 11 the the DT 31756 197 12 helix helix JJ 31756 197 13 angles angle NNS 31756 197 14 of of IN 31756 197 15 hobs hobs NNP 31756 197 16 vary vary VBP 31756 197 17 in in IN 31756 197 18 accordance accordance NN 31756 197 19 with with IN 31756 197 20 their -PRON- PRP$ 31756 197 21 diameters diameter NNS 31756 197 22 and and CC 31756 197 23 , , , 31756 197 24 consequently consequently RB 31756 197 25 , , , 31756 197 26 the the DT 31756 197 27 difference difference NN 31756 197 28 between between IN 31756 197 29 the the DT 31756 197 30 normal normal JJ 31756 197 31 pitch pitch NN 31756 197 32 and and CC 31756 197 33 the the DT 31756 197 34 axial axial JJ 31756 197 35 pitch pitch NN 31756 197 36 correspondingly correspondingly RB 31756 197 37 varies vary VBZ 31756 197 38 . . . 31756 198 1 While while IN 31756 198 2 the the DT 31756 198 3 requirement requirement NN 31756 198 4 for for IN 31756 198 5 the the DT 31756 198 6 normal normal JJ 31756 198 7 pitch pitch NN 31756 198 8 may may MD 31756 198 9 be be VB 31756 198 10 the the DT 31756 198 11 same same JJ 31756 198 12 for for IN 31756 198 13 hobs hob NNS 31756 198 14 of of IN 31756 198 15 different different JJ 31756 198 16 diameters diameter NNS 31756 198 17 , , , 31756 198 18 it -PRON- PRP 31756 198 19 is be VBZ 31756 198 20 necessary necessary JJ 31756 198 21 to to TO 31756 198 22 change change VB 31756 198 23 the the DT 31756 198 24 axial axial JJ 31756 198 25 pitch pitch NN 31756 198 26 in in IN 31756 198 27 accordance accordance NN 31756 198 28 with with IN 31756 198 29 a a DT 31756 198 30 change change NN 31756 198 31 in in IN 31756 198 32 the the DT 31756 198 33 hob hob NN 31756 198 34 diameter diameter NN 31756 198 35 , , , 31756 198 36 and and CC 31756 198 37 this this DT 31756 198 38 axial axial JJ 31756 198 39 pitch pitch NN 31756 198 40 of of IN 31756 198 41 the the DT 31756 198 42 hob hob NN 31756 198 43 is be VBZ 31756 198 44 equal equal JJ 31756 198 45 to to IN 31756 198 46 the the DT 31756 198 47 pitch pitch NN 31756 198 48 of of IN 31756 198 49 the the DT 31756 198 50 lead lead NN 31756 198 51 screw screw NN 31756 198 52 which which WDT 31756 198 53 actuates actuate VBZ 31756 198 54 the the DT 31756 198 55 work work NN 31756 198 56 carrier carrier NN 31756 198 57 in in IN 31756 198 58 grinding grind VBG 31756 198 59 machines machine NNS 31756 198 60 heretofore heretofore RB 31756 198 61 used use VBN 31756 198 62 . . . 31756 199 1 Hence hence RB 31756 199 2 , , , 31756 199 3 in in IN 31756 199 4 order order NN 31756 199 5 to to TO 31756 199 6 adapt adapt VB 31756 199 7 such such JJ 31756 199 8 machines machine NNS 31756 199 9 to to TO 31756 199 10 cover cover VB 31756 199 11 a a DT 31756 199 12 wide wide JJ 31756 199 13 range range NN 31756 199 14 of of IN 31756 199 15 leads lead NNS 31756 199 16 , , , 31756 199 17 it -PRON- PRP 31756 199 18 is be VBZ 31756 199 19 necessary necessary JJ 31756 199 20 to to TO 31756 199 21 provide provide VB 31756 199 22 a a DT 31756 199 23 large large JJ 31756 199 24 number number NN 31756 199 25 of of IN 31756 199 26 interchangeable interchangeable JJ 31756 199 27 lead lead NN 31756 199 28 screws screw NNS 31756 199 29 and and CC 31756 199 30 obviously obviously RB 31756 199 31 this this DT 31756 199 32 represents represent VBZ 31756 199 33 a a DT 31756 199 34 large large JJ 31756 199 35 investment investment NN 31756 199 36 , , , 31756 199 37 and and CC 31756 199 38 the the DT 31756 199 39 interchanging interchanging NN 31756 199 40 of of IN 31756 199 41 these these DT 31756 199 42 screws screw NNS 31756 199 43 requires require VBZ 31756 199 44 the the DT 31756 199 45 expenditure expenditure NN 31756 199 46 of of IN 31756 199 47 considerable considerable JJ 31756 199 48 time time NN 31756 199 49 in in IN 31756 199 50 setting set VBG 31756 199 51 up up RP 31756 199 52 the the DT 31756 199 53 machine machine NN 31756 199 54 for for IN 31756 199 55 each each DT 31756 199 56 job job NN 31756 199 57 . . . 31756 200 1 Thread thread NN 31756 200 2 - - HYPH 31756 200 3 grinding grind VBG 31756 200 4 machines machine NNS 31756 200 5 were be VBD 31756 200 6 being be VBG 31756 200 7 designed design VBN 31756 200 8 concurrent concurrent JJ 31756 200 9 with with IN 31756 200 10 the the DT 31756 200 11 development development NN 31756 200 12 of of IN 31756 200 13 hob hob NN 31756 200 14 - - HYPH 31756 200 15 grinding grind VBG 31756 200 16 machines machine NNS 31756 200 17 . . . 31756 201 1 Many many JJ 31756 201 2 were be VBD 31756 201 3 entirely entirely RB 31756 201 4 concerned concern VBN 31756 201 5 with with IN 31756 201 6 features feature NNS 31756 201 7 peculiar peculiar JJ 31756 201 8 to to IN 31756 201 9 the the DT 31756 201 10 problems problem NNS 31756 201 11 of of IN 31756 201 12 wheel wheel NN 31756 201 13 - - HYPH 31756 201 14 dressing dressing NN 31756 201 15 and and CC 31756 201 16 to to IN 31756 201 17 automatic automatic JJ 31756 201 18 characteristics characteristic NNS 31756 201 19 . . . 31756 202 1 An an DT 31756 202 2 invention invention NN 31756 202 3 to to TO 31756 202 4 embody embody VB 31756 202 5 the the DT 31756 202 6 use use NN 31756 202 7 of of IN 31756 202 8 a a DT 31756 202 9 master master NN 31756 202 10 screw screw NN 31756 202 11 and and CC 31756 202 12 concerned concern VBN 31756 202 13 with with IN 31756 202 14 the the DT 31756 202 15 precision precision NN 31756 202 16 grinding grinding NN 31756 202 17 of of IN 31756 202 18 worm worm NN 31756 202 19 threads thread NNS 31756 202 20 , , , 31756 202 21 for for IN 31756 202 22 use use NN 31756 202 23 in in IN 31756 202 24 gearing gearing NN 31756 202 25 , , , 31756 202 26 was be VBD 31756 202 27 patented patent VBN 31756 202 28 by by IN 31756 202 29 Frederick Frederick NNP 31756 202 30 A. A. NNP 31756 203 1 Ward Ward NNP 31756 203 2 in in IN 31756 203 3 this this DT 31756 203 4 era era NN 31756 203 5 . . . 31756 204 1 [ [ -LRB- 31756 204 2 8 8 CD 31756 204 3 ] ] -RRB- 31756 204 4 That that DT 31756 204 5 part part NN 31756 204 6 of of IN 31756 204 7 the the DT 31756 204 8 invention invention NN 31756 204 9 pertaining pertain VBG 31756 204 10 to to IN 31756 204 11 the the DT 31756 204 12 use use NN 31756 204 13 of of IN 31756 204 14 a a DT 31756 204 15 master master NN 31756 204 16 screw screw NN 31756 204 17 , , , 31756 204 18 " " '' 31756 204 19 a a DT 31756 204 20 rotary rotary JJ 31756 204 21 work work NN 31756 204 22 holder holder NN 31756 204 23 mounted mount VBN 31756 204 24 on on IN 31756 204 25 said say VBD 31756 204 26 carriage carriage NN 31756 204 27 and and CC 31756 204 28 provided provide VBD 31756 204 29 with with IN 31756 204 30 a a DT 31756 204 31 driving driving NN 31756 204 32 spindle spindle NN 31756 204 33 , , , 31756 204 34 an an DT 31756 204 35 exchangeable exchangeable JJ 31756 204 36 master master NN 31756 204 37 screw screw NN 31756 204 38 and and CC 31756 204 39 stationary stationary JJ 31756 204 40 nut nut NN 31756 204 41 detachably detachably RB 31756 204 42 secured secure VBN 31756 204 43 to to IN 31756 204 44 said say VBD 31756 204 45 spindle spindle NN 31756 204 46 and and CC 31756 204 47 head head NN 31756 204 48 , , , 31756 204 49 ... ... : 31756 204 50 " " '' 31756 204 51 is be VBZ 31756 204 52 shown show VBN 31756 204 53 in in IN 31756 204 54 figure figure NN 31756 204 55 23 23 CD 31756 204 56 . . . 31756 205 1 [ [ -LRB- 31756 205 2 Illustration illustration NN 31756 205 3 : : : 31756 205 4 Figure figure NN 31756 205 5 23.--DETAILS 23.--details CD 31756 205 6 OF of IN 31756 205 7 A a DT 31756 205 8 WORK WORK NNP 31756 205 9 SPINDLE SPINDLE VBN 31756 205 10 WITH with IN 31756 205 11 WORK WORK NNP 31756 205 12 , , , 31756 205 13 showing show VBG 31756 205 14 the the DT 31756 205 15 use use NN 31756 205 16 of of IN 31756 205 17 a a DT 31756 205 18 master master NN 31756 205 19 lead lead NN 31756 205 20 screw screw NN 31756 205 21 to to TO 31756 205 22 control control VB 31756 205 23 the the DT 31756 205 24 pitch pitch NN 31756 205 25 of of IN 31756 205 26 a a DT 31756 205 27 precision precision NN 31756 205 28 worm worm NN 31756 205 29 thread thread NN 31756 205 30 being be VBG 31756 205 31 ground ground NN 31756 205 32 . . . 31756 206 1 From from IN 31756 206 2 the the DT 31756 206 3 1933 1933 CD 31756 206 4 U.S. U.S. NNP 31756 206 5 patent patent NN 31756 206 6 1899654 1899654 CD 31756 206 7 , , , 31756 206 8 of of IN 31756 206 9 F. F. NNP 31756 206 10 A. a. NN 31756 207 1 Ward Ward NNP 31756 207 2 's 's POS 31756 207 3 worm worm NN 31756 207 4 - - HYPH 31756 207 5 grinding grind VBG 31756 207 6 machine machine NN 31756 207 7 . . . 31756 207 8 ] ] -RRB- 31756 208 1 Machines machine NNS 31756 208 2 embodying embody VBG 31756 208 3 the the DT 31756 208 4 principle principle NN 31756 208 5 of of IN 31756 208 6 the the DT 31756 208 7 master master NN 31756 208 8 lead lead NN 31756 208 9 screw screw NNP 31756 208 10 are be VBP 31756 208 11 found find VBN 31756 208 12 in in IN 31756 208 13 constant constant JJ 31756 208 14 use use NN 31756 208 15 by by IN 31756 208 16 industry industry NN 31756 208 17 at at IN 31756 208 18 the the DT 31756 208 19 present present JJ 31756 208 20 time time NN 31756 208 21 for for IN 31756 208 22 specialized specialized JJ 31756 208 23 application application NN 31756 208 24 . . . 31756 209 1 Whenever whenever WRB 31756 209 2 technological technological JJ 31756 209 3 changes change NNS 31756 209 4 again again RB 31756 209 5 reopen reopen VB 31756 209 6 the the DT 31756 209 7 topic topic NN 31756 209 8 of of IN 31756 209 9 thread thread NN 31756 209 10 - - HYPH 31756 209 11 cutting cutting NN 31756 209 12 to to IN 31756 209 13 a a DT 31756 209 14 new new JJ 31756 209 15 degree degree NN 31756 209 16 of of IN 31756 209 17 accuracy accuracy NN 31756 209 18 or or CC 31756 209 19 call call VB 31756 209 20 for for IN 31756 209 21 a a DT 31756 209 22 reevaluation reevaluation NN 31756 209 23 of of IN 31756 209 24 popular popular JJ 31756 209 25 methods method NNS 31756 209 26 for for IN 31756 209 27 any any DT 31756 209 28 other other JJ 31756 209 29 reason reason NN 31756 209 30 , , , 31756 209 31 we -PRON- PRP 31756 209 32 may may MD 31756 209 33 expect expect VB 31756 209 34 to to TO 31756 209 35 see see VB 31756 209 36 another another DT 31756 209 37 resurgence resurgence NN 31756 209 38 of of IN 31756 209 39 the the DT 31756 209 40 master master NN 31756 209 41 - - HYPH 31756 209 42 screw screw NN 31756 209 43 method method NN 31756 209 44 , , , 31756 209 45 for for IN 31756 209 46 no no DT 31756 209 47 other other JJ 31756 209 48 design design NN 31756 209 49 eliminates eliminate NNS 31756 209 50 so so RB 31756 209 51 many many JJ 31756 209 52 variables variable NNS 31756 209 53 or or CC 31756 209 54 rests rest NNS 31756 209 55 on on IN 31756 209 56 such such JJ 31756 209 57 firm firm NN 31756 209 58 and and CC 31756 209 59 fundamental fundamental JJ 31756 209 60 natural natural JJ 31756 209 61 principles principle NNS 31756 209 62 as as IN 31756 209 63 the the DT 31756 209 64 machine machine NN 31756 209 65 of of IN 31756 209 66 _ _ NNP 31756 209 67 Das Das NNP 31756 209 68 mittelalterliche mittelalterliche NNP 31756 209 69 Hausbuch Hausbuch NNP 31756 209 70 _ _ NNP 31756 209 71 of of IN 31756 209 72 1483 1483 CD 31756 209 73 , , , 31756 209 74 the the DT 31756 209 75 earliest early JJS 31756 209 76 such such JJ 31756 209 77 machine machine NN 31756 209 78 now now RB 31756 209 79 known know VBN 31756 209 80 . . . 31756 210 1 FOOTNOTES footnote NNS 31756 210 2 : : : 31756 210 3 [ [ -LRB- 31756 210 4 1 1 LS 31756 210 5 ] ] -RRB- 31756 210 6 JACQUES JACQUES NNP 31756 210 7 BESSON BESSON NNP 31756 210 8 , , , 31756 210 9 _ _ NNP 31756 210 10 Des Des NNP 31756 210 11 instruments instrument NNS 31756 210 12 mathématiques mathématique NNS 31756 210 13 , , , 31756 210 14 et et NN 31756 210 15 méchaniques méchaniques NNP 31756 210 16 , , , 31756 210 17 servants servant VBZ 31756 210 18 à à NNP 31756 210 19 l'intelligence l'intelligence NNP 31756 210 20 de de NNP 31756 210 21 plusiers plusiers NNP 31756 210 22 choses chose VBZ 31756 210 23 difficiles difficile NNS 31756 210 24 , , , 31756 210 25 & & CC 31756 210 26 necessaires necessaires NNP 31756 210 27 à à DT 31756 210 28 toutes toute NNS 31756 210 29 républiques république VBZ 31756 210 30 _ _ NNP 31756 210 31 , , , 31756 210 32 1st 1st NNP 31756 210 33 ed ed NNP 31756 210 34 . . . 31756 211 1 ( ( -LRB- 31756 211 2 Orleans Orleans NNP 31756 211 3 , , , 31756 211 4 1569 1569 CD 31756 211 5 ) ) -RRB- 31756 211 6 . . . 31756 212 1 [ [ -LRB- 31756 212 2 Also also RB 31756 212 3 available available JJ 31756 212 4 in in IN 31756 212 5 later later JJ 31756 212 6 editions edition NNS 31756 212 7 in in IN 31756 212 8 French french JJ 31756 212 9 , , , 31756 212 10 German german JJ 31756 212 11 , , , 31756 212 12 and and CC 31756 212 13 Spanish Spanish NNP 31756 212 14 . . . 31756 212 15 ] ] -RRB- 31756 213 1 [ [ -LRB- 31756 213 2 2 2 LS 31756 213 3 ] ] -RRB- 31756 213 4 J. J. NNP 31756 214 1 FOSTER FOSTER NNP 31756 214 2 PETREE PETREE NNP 31756 214 3 , , , 31756 214 4 introduction introduction NN 31756 214 5 , , , 31756 214 6 _ _ NNP 31756 214 7 Henry Henry NNP 31756 214 8 Maudslay Maudslay NNP 31756 214 9 , , , 31756 214 10 1771 1771 CD 31756 214 11 - - SYM 31756 214 12 1831 1831 CD 31756 214 13 , , , 31756 214 14 and and CC 31756 214 15 Maudslay Maudslay NNP 31756 214 16 Sons Sons NNPS 31756 214 17 and and CC 31756 214 18 Field Field NNP 31756 214 19 , , , 31756 214 20 Ltd. Ltd. NNP 31756 214 21 _ _ NNP 31756 214 22 ( ( -LRB- 31756 214 23 London London NNP 31756 214 24 : : : 31756 214 25 The the DT 31756 214 26 Maudslay Maudslay NNP 31756 214 27 Society Society NNP 31756 214 28 , , , 31756 214 29 1949 1949 CD 31756 214 30 ) ) -RRB- 31756 214 31 . . . 31756 215 1 [ [ -LRB- 31756 215 2 3 3 CD 31756 215 3 ] ] -RRB- 31756 215 4 _ _ NNP 31756 215 5 American American NNP 31756 215 6 Machinist Machinist NNP 31756 215 7 _ _ NNP 31756 215 8 ( ( -LRB- 31756 215 9 September September NNP 31756 215 10 28 28 CD 31756 215 11 , , , 31756 215 12 1916 1916 CD 31756 215 13 ) ) -RRB- 31756 215 14 , , , 31756 215 15 vol vol NNP 31756 215 16 . . . 31756 216 1 45 45 CD 31756 216 2 , , , 31756 216 3 no no UH 31756 216 4 . . . 31756 217 1 13 13 CD 31756 217 2 , , , 31756 217 3 pp pp ADD 31756 217 4 . . . 31756 218 1 529 529 CD 31756 218 2 - - SYM 31756 218 3 531 531 CD 31756 218 4 . . . 31756 219 1 [ [ -LRB- 31756 219 2 4 4 LS 31756 219 3 ] ] -RRB- 31756 219 4 U.S. U.S. NNP 31756 219 5 patent patent NN 31756 219 6 10383 10383 CD 31756 219 7 issued issue VBD 31756 219 8 to to IN 31756 219 9 Joseph Joseph NNP 31756 219 10 Nason Nason NNP 31756 219 11 of of IN 31756 219 12 New New NNP 31756 219 13 York York NNP 31756 219 14 , , , 31756 219 15 January January NNP 31756 219 16 3 3 CD 31756 219 17 , , , 31756 219 18 1854 1854 CD 31756 219 19 . . . 31756 220 1 [ [ -LRB- 31756 220 2 5 5 CD 31756 220 3 ] ] -RRB- 31756 220 4 U.S. U.S. NNP 31756 220 5 patent patent NN 31756 220 6 293930 293930 CD 31756 220 7 issued issue VBD 31756 220 8 to to IN 31756 220 9 Charles Charles NNP 31756 220 10 Vander Vander NNP 31756 220 11 Woerd Woerd NNP 31756 220 12 of of IN 31756 220 13 Waltham Waltham NNP 31756 220 14 , , , 31756 220 15 Massachusetts Massachusetts NNP 31756 220 16 , , , 31756 220 17 February February NNP 31756 220 18 19 19 CD 31756 220 19 , , , 31756 220 20 1884 1884 CD 31756 220 21 . . . 31756 221 1 [ [ -LRB- 31756 221 2 6 6 CD 31756 221 3 ] ] -RRB- 31756 221 4 U.S. U.S. NNP 31756 221 5 patent patent NN 31756 221 6 1874592 1874592 CD 31756 221 7 , , , 31756 221 8 filed file VBD 31756 221 9 June June NNP 31756 221 10 8 8 CD 31756 221 11 , , , 31756 221 12 1929 1929 CD 31756 221 13 , , , 31756 221 14 issued issue VBN 31756 221 15 to to IN 31756 221 16 C. C. NNP 31756 221 17 G. G. NNP 31756 221 18 Olson Olson NNP 31756 221 19 of of IN 31756 221 20 Chicago Chicago NNP 31756 221 21 , , , 31756 221 22 Illinois Illinois NNP 31756 221 23 , , , 31756 221 24 August August NNP 31756 221 25 30 30 CD 31756 221 26 , , , 31756 221 27 1932 1932 CD 31756 221 28 , , , 31756 221 29 and and CC 31756 221 30 assigned assign VBN 31756 221 31 to to IN 31756 221 32 the the DT 31756 221 33 Illinois Illinois NNP 31756 221 34 Tool Tool NNP 31756 221 35 Works Works NNP 31756 221 36 , , , 31756 221 37 also also RB 31756 221 38 of of IN 31756 221 39 Chicago Chicago NNP 31756 221 40 . . . 31756 222 1 [ [ -LRB- 31756 222 2 7 7 LS 31756 222 3 ] ] -RRB- 31756 222 4 U.S. U.S. NNP 31756 222 5 patent patent NN 31756 222 6 1901926 1901926 CD 31756 222 7 , , , 31756 222 8 filed file VBD 31756 222 9 February February NNP 31756 222 10 16 16 CD 31756 222 11 , , , 31756 222 12 1928 1928 CD 31756 222 13 , , , 31756 222 14 issued issue VBN 31756 222 15 to to IN 31756 222 16 C. C. NNP 31756 222 17 G. G. NNP 31756 222 18 Olson Olson NNP 31756 222 19 of of IN 31756 222 20 Chicago Chicago NNP 31756 222 21 , , , 31756 222 22 Illinois Illinois NNP 31756 222 23 , , , 31756 222 24 March March NNP 31756 222 25 21 21 CD 31756 222 26 , , , 31756 222 27 1933 1933 CD 31756 222 28 , , , 31756 222 29 and and CC 31756 222 30 assigned assign VBN 31756 222 31 to to IN 31756 222 32 the the DT 31756 222 33 Illinois Illinois NNP 31756 222 34 Tool Tool NNP 31756 222 35 Works Works NNP 31756 222 36 , , , 31756 222 37 also also RB 31756 222 38 of of IN 31756 222 39 Chicago Chicago NNP 31756 222 40 . . . 31756 223 1 [ [ -LRB- 31756 223 2 8 8 CD 31756 223 3 ] ] -RRB- 31756 223 4 U.S. U.S. NNP 31756 223 5 patent patent NN 31756 223 6 1899654 1899654 CD 31756 223 7 , , , 31756 223 8 filed file VBN 31756 223 9 August August NNP 31756 223 10 31 31 CD 31756 223 11 , , , 31756 223 12 1931 1931 CD 31756 223 13 , , , 31756 223 14 issued issue VBN 31756 223 15 to to IN 31756 223 16 F. F. NNP 31756 223 17 A. a. NN 31756 224 1 Ward Ward NNP 31756 224 2 of of IN 31756 224 3 Detroit Detroit NNP 31756 224 4 , , , 31756 224 5 Michigan Michigan NNP 31756 224 6 , , , 31756 224 7 February February NNP 31756 224 8 28 28 CD 31756 224 9 , , , 31756 224 10 1933 1933 CD 31756 224 11 , , , 31756 224 12 and and CC 31756 224 13 assigned assign VBN 31756 224 14 to to IN 31756 224 15 the the DT 31756 224 16 Gear Gear NNP 31756 224 17 Grinding Grinding NNP 31756 224 18 Company Company NNP 31756 224 19 of of IN 31756 224 20 Detroit Detroit NNP 31756 224 21 , , , 31756 224 22 Michigan Michigan NNP 31756 224 23 . . . 31756 225 1 * * NFP 31756 225 2 * * NFP 31756 225 3 * * NFP 31756 225 4 * * NFP 31756 225 5 * * NFP 31756 225 6 U.S. U.S. NNP 31756 225 7 GOVERNMENT GOVERNMENT NNP 31756 225 8 PRINTING print VBG 31756 225 9 OFFICE office NN 31756 225 10 : : : 31756 225 11 1964 1964 CD 31756 225 12 For for IN 31756 225 13 sale sale NN 31756 225 14 by by IN 31756 225 15 the the DT 31756 225 16 Superintendent Superintendent NNP 31756 225 17 of of IN 31756 225 18 Documents Documents NNPS 31756 225 19 , , , 31756 225 20 U.S. U.S. NNP 31756 225 21 Government Government NNP 31756 225 22 Printing Printing NNP 31756 225 23 Office Office NNP 31756 225 24 Washington Washington NNP 31756 225 25 , , , 31756 225 26 D.C. D.C. NNP 31756 225 27 20402 20402 CD 31756 225 28 - - HYPH 31756 225 29 -Price -price CC 31756 225 30 20 20 CD 31756 225 31 cents cent NNS 31756 225 32 INDEX INDEX NNP 31756 225 33 Besson Besson NNP 31756 225 34 , , , 31756 225 35 Jacques Jacques NNP 31756 225 36 , , , 31756 225 37 107 107 CD 31756 225 38 Douglas Douglas NNP 31756 225 39 , , , 31756 225 40 W. W. NNP 31756 225 41 & & CC 31756 225 42 B. B. NNP 31756 225 43 , , , 31756 225 44 Company Company NNP 31756 225 45 , , , 31756 225 46 113 113 CD 31756 225 47 Maudslay Maudslay NNP 31756 225 48 , , , 31756 225 49 Henry Henry NNP 31756 225 50 , , , 31756 225 51 106 106 CD 31756 225 52 , , , 31756 225 53 113 113 CD 31756 225 54 Nason Nason NNP 31756 225 55 , , , 31756 225 56 Joseph Joseph NNP 31756 225 57 , , , 31756 225 58 114 114 CD 31756 225 59 North North NNP 31756 225 60 , , , 31756 225 61 Simeon Simeon NNP 31756 225 62 , , , 31756 225 63 arms arm NNS 31756 225 64 factory factory NN 31756 225 65 , , , 31756 225 66 114 114 CD 31756 225 67 Olson Olson NNP 31756 225 68 , , , 31756 225 69 Carl Carl NNP 31756 225 70 G. G. NNP 31756 225 71 , , , 31756 225 72 118 118 CD 31756 225 73 Vander Vander NNP 31756 225 74 Woerd Woerd NNP 31756 225 75 , , , 31756 225 76 Charles Charles NNP 31756 225 77 , , , 31756 225 78 116 116 CD 31756 225 79 , , , 31756 225 80 117 117 CD 31756 225 81 Ward Ward NNP 31756 225 82 , , , 31756 225 83 Frederick Frederick NNP 31756 225 84 A. A. NNP 31756 225 85 , , , 31756 225 86 120 120 CD 31756 225 87 Wetschgi Wetschgi NNP 31756 225 88 , , , 31756 225 89 Emanuel Emanuel NNP 31756 225 90 , , , 31756 225 91 108 108 CD 31756 225 92 Wetschgi Wetschgi NNP 31756 225 93 , , , 31756 225 94 Manuel Manuel NNP 31756 225 95 , , , 31756 225 96 108 108 CD 31756 225 97 , , , 31756 225 98 111 111 CD 31756 225 99 Whitney Whitney NNP 31756 225 100 arms arm NNS 31756 225 101 factory factory NN 31756 225 102 , , , 31756 225 103 114 114 CD 31756 225 104 Wilkinson Wilkinson NNP 31756 225 105 , , , 31756 225 106 David David NNP 31756 225 107 , , , 31756 225 108 113 113 CD