Summary of your 'study carrel' ============================== This is a summary of your Distant Reader 'study carrel'. The Distant Reader harvested & cached your content into a collection/corpus. It then applied sets of natural language processing and text mining against the collection. The results of this process was reduced to a database file -- a 'study carrel'. The study carrel can then be queried, thus bringing light specific characteristics for your collection. These characteristics can help you summarize the collection as well as enumerate things you might want to investigate more closely. This report is a terse narrative report, and when processing is complete you will be linked to a more complete narrative report. Eric Lease Morgan Number of items in the collection; 'How big is my corpus?' ---------------------------------------------------------- 34 Average length of all items measured in words; "More or less, how big is each item?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 35352 Average readability score of all items (0 = difficult; 100 = easy) ------------------------------------------------------------------ 89 Top 50 statistically significant keywords; "What is my collection about?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6 illustration 4 line 3 space 3 number 3 Vol 3 FIG 3 B.C. 2 woman 2 section 2 place 2 numeral 2 hacker 2 digit 2 constant 2 University 2 Square 2 Sphere 2 Spaceland 2 Paris 2 Mr. 2 MIT 2 Isosceles 2 IBM 2 Greek 2 Flatland 2 Euclid 2 Dimensions 2 Colour 2 Circle 2 Catalan 2 Book 2 Arithmetic 2 A.D. 1 year 1 world 1 work 1 word 1 way 1 tribe 1 time 1 thing 1 system 1 square 1 spin 1 scale 1 reality 1 pupil 1 proposition 1 program 1 process Top 50 lemmatized nouns; "What is discussed?" --------------------------------------------- 2511 number 1884 time 1500 line 1344 way 1283 man 1241 illustration 1217 digit 1156 p. 1087 space 1030 case 1002 point 983 word 963 work 947 square 892 side 884 year 869 life 839 problem 820 fact 806 form 797 geometry 786 hand 750 system 733 angle 720 thing 691 figure 689 part 685 day 655 puzzle 647 one 644 pupil 638 place 633 mind 593 book 569 example 555 plane 545 order 543 software 541 solution 539 method 533 circle 530 question 522 term 516 proposition 508 piece 501 world 497 answer 491 result 476 scale 471 triangle Top 50 proper nouns; "What are the names of persons or places?" -------------------------------------------------------------- 16358 _ 1753 | 1163 Stallman 634 Cardan 496 Vol 399 . 358 De 347 C 313 Euclid 285 cit 274 B 264 A 259 I. 258 pp 243 b 243 C. 235 GNU 222 FIG 218 II 214 Mr. 203 de 197 J. 169 Flatland 166 E. 164 Linux 163 Fig 162 A.D. 159 PUZZLE 156 \ 155 H. 150 M. 148 et 147 Thinker 144 x 141 c 138 G. 136 Richard 136 Greek 134 + 133 Vita 133 India 133 Circle 132 loc 131 y 131 Book 130 London 128 Propria 127 W. 127 Milan 125 Square Top 50 personal pronouns nouns; "To whom are things referred?" ------------------------------------------------------------- 9275 it 5286 i 5163 he 3231 we 3091 you 2365 they 1386 them 1259 him 1020 me 534 us 492 itself 454 she 443 himself 225 themselves 152 one 150 myself 134 her 47 yourself 39 ourselves 31 herself 16 mine 12 ''s 11 oneself 11 its 10 theirs 10 his 9 y^2 9 thee 9 ours 8 yours 5 n 3 hers 2 theseus 2 freebsd 1 |results 1 |kp[=e]el 1 ya 1 y 1 writes--"they 1 thyself 1 talkee 1 r_{1 1 pp 1 p 1 ourself 1 limits 1 i''m 1 http://www.tuxedo.org/~esr/writings/cathedral-bazaar/cathedral-bazaar/index.html 1 etc.--you 1 enim Top 50 lemmatized verbs; "What do things do?" --------------------------------------------- 34829 be 8606 have 2767 do 2236 make 2080 give 1975 say 1821 find 1620 see 1305 take 1228 use 1186 know 1037 show 893 come 859 go 830 follow 799 call 793 write 782 get 611 seem 579 add 528 become 526 form 524 begin 506 think 503 leave 486 appear 457 place 440 require 432 mean 414 put 407 prove 406 move 399 solve 398 let 396 work 388 learn 388 contain 387 tell 375 divide 366 consider 365 cut 364 look 358 set 358 bring 341 pass 339 speak 329 represent 316 count 316 ask 313 try Top 50 lemmatized adjectives and adverbs; "How are things described?" --------------------------------------------------------------------- 5198 not 2022 more 2014 other 1935 so 1611 only 1517 first 1441 then 1425 same 1257 now 1227 many 1121 as 1055 also 1006 well 994 such 985 great 969 even 952 very 891 up 867 out 831 most 781 much 751 little 716 long 692 thus 690 certain 667 just 651 therefore 647 possible 643 equal 636 good 626 different 624 new 607 here 560 few 550 high 542 second 535 once 527 right 525 less 511 however 505 own 494 always 477 still 474 old 458 together 451 straight 446 far 444 large 430 general 424 early Top 50 lemmatized superlative adjectives; "How are things described to the extreme?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 251 good 241 most 214 least 106 great 98 high 90 small 69 few 63 low 58 early 49 simple 45 large 43 slight 36 Most 33 short 30 near 20 manif 20 late 16 bad 14 easy 12 old 11 wise 11 unmanif 11 eld 9 long 9 common 9 clear 7 young 6 quick 6 mean 6 gross 5 strong 5 innermost 5 hard 5 fine 5 dull 5 deep 4 rich 4 mere 4 happy 4 dense 4 close 4 big 4 able 3 wide 3 wealthy 3 weak 3 true 3 sure 3 straight 3 smart Top 50 lemmatized superlative adverbs; "How do things do to the extreme?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 590 most 50 least 43 well 3 hard 2 near 1 worst 1 sou''-west 1 oldest 1 long 1 highest 1 greatest 1 easiest Top 50 Internet domains; "What Webbed places are alluded to in this corpus?" ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 16 www.gnu.org 3 www.stallman.org 3 www.linux.com 2 www.oreilly.com 2 www.nytimes.com 2 www.faifzilla.org 2 www.cecm.sfu.ca 2 www.accessplace.com 2 www-jb.cs.uni-sb.de 2 techupdate.zdnet.com 1 www.za.debian.org 1 www.xanadu.com 1 www.wired.com 1 www.udanax.com 1 www.tuxedo.org 1 www.takeda-foundation.jp 1 www.slashdot.org 1 www.salon.com 1 www.riaa.com 1 www.redhat.com 1 www.primos.mat.br 1 www.opensource.org 1 www.microsoft.com 1 www.mgross.com 1 www.mathsof.com 1 www.lysator.liu.se 1 www.linuxjournal.com 1 www.linux10.org 1 www.labri.u-bordeaux.fr 1 www.jwz.org 1 www.gnu.ai.mit.edu 1 www.gigalaw.com 1 www.forbes.com 1 www.ecommercetimes.com 1 www.crackmonkey.org 1 www.clueless.com 1 www.blinkenlights.com 1 www.beopen.com 1 www.as.cmu.edu 1 tuxedo.org 1 the-tech.mit.edu 1 safari.oreilly.com 1 primes.utm.edu 1 opencontent.org 1 memex.org 1 mathforum.org 1 lpf.ai.mit.edu 1 linuxtoday.com 1 home.earthlink.net 1 hci.stanford.edu Top 50 URLs; "What is hyperlinked from this corpus?" ---------------------------------------------------- 2 http://www.linux.com/interviews/19990518/8/ 2 http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html 2 http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html.] 2 http://www.accessplace.com/gdtc/1197.htm 2 http://www-jb.cs.uni-sb.de/LiDIA/linkhtml/lidia/lidia.html 1 http://www.za.debian.org/doc/trn/trn-readme 1 http://www.xanadu.com/ 1 http://www.wired.com/news/print/0,1294,18291,00.html 1 http://www.udanax.com/ 1 http://www.tuxedo.org/~esr/writings/cathedral-bazaar/cathedral-bazaar/index.html 1 http://www.takeda-foundation.jp/ 1 http://www.stallman.org/texas.html 1 http://www.stallman.org/doggerel.html 1 http://www.stallman.org 1 http://www.slashdot.org/ 1 http://www.salon.com/21st/feature/1998/08/cov_31feature.html 1 http://www.riaa.com/PR_story.cfm?id=372 1 http://www.redhat.com/about/corporate/milestones.html 1 http://www.primos.mat.br/indexen.html 1 http://www.oreilly.com/catalog/freedom/ 1 http://www.oreilly.com 1 http://www.opensource.org/docs/definition.html 1 http://www.nytimes.com/library/tech/99/03/biztech/articles/17apple.html 1 http://www.nytimes.com/library/tech/98/09/biztech/articles/28linux.html 1 http://www.microsoft.com/presspass/exec/craig/05-03sharedsource.asp 1 http://www.mgross.com/interviews/stallman1.html 1 http://www.mathsof.com/asolve/constant/constant.html" 1 http://www.lysator.liu.se/history/garb/txt/87-1-emacs.txt 1 http://www.linuxjournal.com/article.php?sid=2736 1 http://www.linux10.org/history/ 1 http://www.linux.com/interact/potd.phtml?potd_id=44 1 http://www.labri.u-bordeaux.fr/~loeb/book/92pl.html 1 http://www.jwz.org/doc/lemacs.html 1 http://www.gnu.org/software/hurd/history.html 1 http://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/emacs-paper.html 1 http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/stallman-kth.html 1 http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/license-list.html 1 http://www.gnu.org/music/free-software-song.html 1 http://www.gnu.org/manifesto.html 1 http://www.gnu.org/gnu/byte-interview.html. 1 http://www.gnu.org/events/rms-nyu-2001-transcript.txt 1 http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html 1 http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/copying-1.0.html 1 http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/ 1 http://www.gnu.org 1 http://www.gnu.ai.mit.edu/gnu/initial-announcement.html 1 http://www.gigalaw.com/articles/ghosh-2000-01-p1.html 1 http://www.forbes.com/forbes/1998/0810/6203094a.html 1 http://www.faifzilla.org/ 1 http://www.faifzilla.org Top 50 email addresses; "Who are you gonna call?" ------------------------------------------------- 2 mjm@math.appstate.edu 2 bjmares@teleport.com 1 skulldrool@usol.com 1 sam@inow.com 1 sam@beopen.com 1 rms@ai.mit.edu 1 quadrature@onco.techlink.fr 1 mounitra@seas.ucla.edu 1 jgk@netcom.com 1 jborwein@cecm.sfu.ca 1 husted@login.dknet.dk 1 bruces@well.com 1 bookquestions@oreilly.com 1 achim@mathematik.uni-jena.de Top 50 positive assertions; "What sentences are in the shape of noun-verb-noun?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 19 angles are equal 18 things being equal 16 _ see _ 15 _ is _ 11 geometry is not 10 space is not 6 _ is not 6 ways are there 5 _ was _ 5 things are not 4 _ are parallel 4 _ did _ 4 _ does _ 4 _ does not 4 _ is || 3 _ adding _ 3 _ are _ 3 _ are congruent 3 _ are equal 3 _ do _ 3 _ is parallel 3 _ was not 3 angle is equal 3 cases are not 3 line is perpendicular 3 lines are parallel 3 number does not 3 number is _ 3 number is not 3 problem is impossible 3 problem is not 3 space is also 3 space is finite 3 space is limited 3 stallman did n''t 3 thing is true 3 time goes on 3 work was not 2 _ are equivalent 2 _ are not 2 _ are perpendicular 2 _ are similar 2 _ are together 2 _ are very 2 _ becoming _ 2 _ been several 2 _ did not 2 _ is also 2 _ is perpendicular 2 _ is thus Top 50 negative assertions; "What sentences are in the shape of noun-verb-no|not-noun?" --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2 life is not long 2 number is not always 2 stallman saw no reason 1 _ appeared no oftener 1 _ are not _ 1 _ are not allowable 1 _ had not yet 1 _ is no less 1 _ is not great 1 _ is not greater 1 _ is not so 1 angles is not equal 1 case is not allowable 1 cases are not liable 1 cases are not parallel 1 cases are not similar 1 cases have no difficulty 1 fact has not yet 1 facts are no reasons 1 geometry are not prepared 1 geometry is not mere 1 geometry is not rigorous 1 geometry is not so 1 geometry was no longer 1 geometry was not seriously 1 hand has not always 1 hands is not possible 1 illustration requires no explanation 1 illustrations are not _ 1 line is not distance 1 lines have no extremities 1 lines have no width 1 lines is not necessary 1 man had no large 1 man is no more 1 man is not men 1 men are not free 1 men was not perhaps 1 men were not fraught 1 number is no greater 1 number is no more 1 number is not only 1 numbers do not really 1 point is not at 1 problem is not difficult 1 problem is not enough 1 problem is not real 1 side be not less 1 space is no description 1 space is no space A rudimentary bibliography -------------------------- id = 201 author = Abbott, Edwin Abbott title = Flatland: A Romance of Many Dimensions (Illustrated) date = keywords = Circle; Colour; Dimensions; Flatland; Isosceles; Recognition; Spaceland; Sphere; Square; Straight; line; space; woman summary = Circle (in other words our High Priest) came to inspect the State Triangle, Square, Pentagon, Hexagon, Circle, what you will--a straight among the higher classes in Spaceland, that the process of "feeling" is equal-sided Triangle, Square, and Pentagon; and I need not say that the said that all figures in Flatland present the appearance of a straight truly Circles, and not mere high-class Polygons with an infinitely If it were so, the number of sides in a Circle would be a mere question Line and a Point by the sense of sight is, as every one knows, in the Lines, and infer the existence of Angles, Triangles, Squares, Recognition," replied she, "''Feeling is believing'' and ''A Straight Line In One Dimension, did not a moving Point produce a Line with TWO In Two Dimensions, did not a moving Line produce a Square with FOUR In Three Dimensions, did not a moving Square produce--did not this eye id = 97 author = Abbott, Edwin Abbott title = Flatland: A Romance of Many Dimensions date = keywords = Circle; Colour; Dimensions; Flatland; Isosceles; Point; Spaceland; Sphere; Square; line; section; space; woman summary = Triangle, Square, Pentagon, Hexagon, Circle, what you will--a straight among the higher classes in Spaceland, that the process of "feeling" is equal-sided Triangle, Square, and Pentagon; and I need not say that the have said that all figures in Flatland present the appearance of a sense of sight between a number of Polygons of high rank moving in truly Circles, and not mere high-class Polygons, with an infinitely Line and a Point by the sense of sight is, as every one knows, in the mean by those words ''left'' and ''right.'' I suppose it is your way of infer the existence of Angles, Triangles, Squares, Pentagons, Hexagons, how a Point by moving through a length of three inches makes a Line of In One Dimension, did not a moving Point produce a Line with TWO In Two Dimensions, did not a moving Line produce a Square with FOUR id = 27468 author = Anonymous title = IBM 1401 Programming Systems date = keywords = IBM summary = IBM Programming Languages and their significance to management._ Page 2: Here an operator points to machine language instructions for a new simplified vocabulary of statements to use in writing programs, and (2) =What 1401 Programming Systems Mean To Management:= Simplified programming routines allow programmers to write more Many pre-written programs are supplied by IBM, eliminating necessity of Pre-written programs have already been tested by IBM, reducing tedious IBM Programming Systems: IBM Programming Systems: applications.[A] COBOL permits a programmer to use language based on customers who also use larger data processing systems. This example illustrates how the Report Program Generator simplifies the But with the Report Program Generator, all the programmer has to write The Report Program Generator The Report Program Generator is an example of what IBM Programming Systems can accomplish. To assist the IBM programming staff in reflecting customer requirements in the specification of new programming systems. id = 45691 author = Browne, Robert T. title = The Mystery of Space A Study of the Hyperspace Movement in the Light of the Evolution of New Psychic Faculties and an Inquiry into the Genesis and Essential Nature of Space date = keywords = FIG; GAUSS; Geometry; Kosmic; Logos; Science; Thinker; Vol; consciousness; dimension; euclidean; fact; form; illustration; intellect; knowledge; life; line; mind; nature; non; plane; process; reality; space; thing; world summary = generating); evolution of the space-form, the universe; the SPATIALITY--Space as a dynamic, creative movement; kosmic order, as The evolution of the idea of a fourth dimension of space covers a long Parallel-Postulate--The Basis of the Non-Euclidean Geometry--Space space of non-Euclidean geometry is not presented to the consciousness determining the dimension and essential nature of real space. form of intuition, the space notion is present in the mind as a scope Space-consciousness is a simple, direct cognitive process; consciousness of space as a separate notion from the mind. The attainment of the space-mind or kosmic consciousness would then the space-mind or kosmic consciousness. the mind normally views space that is the natural way. consciousness, the space-mind, or man''s higher self and that which space-mind and the consciousness which constitutes it enable the Thinker''s consciousness is a mere point in space. all things, of life, mind and form, the intellect will need the id = 29042 author = Carroll, Lewis title = A Tangled Tale date = keywords = Balbus; Clara; Governor; Hugh; KNOT; Lambert; old summary = "Let''s ask Balbus about it," said Hugh. "Which one is a back-room, I perceive," said Balbus: "and looking out house, who said "yes''m" in answer to all questions. said, good-humouredly, in answer to Clara''s cautiously-worded question "They part to meet again," said Clara, her eyes filling with tears at By this time the old man had closed his eyes--in order, no doubt, to the next half-hour Clara was hard at work, putting in marks and rubbing "I was looking for a picture," she said, "that has a good subject--and "I don''t half like the way they grin at us as we go by!" the old man "Don''t provoke me, man!" cried the little old lady, in what she meant same time as two level miles, I mark them as "right." A MARLBOROUGH BOY "Very good," said the old man. What I have said will suffice, I hope, as an answer to BALBUS, who holds id = 16449 author = Conant, Levi L. (Levi Leonard) title = The Number Concept: Its Origin and Development date = keywords = Africa; America; English; Indians; Islands; Müller; South; Sprachwissenschaft; Vol; australian; count; finger; hand; number; numeral; scale; system; tribe; word summary = methods of counting and of giving visible expression to the idea of number. method of counting,--or, in other words, of grasping the idea of number. of the negro tribes of South Africa[15] the little finger of the right hand little finger of the left hand, the natives counted up to 5 in the usual count on the same fingers, they expressed the numbers from 6 to 10 by number of native words in its numeral scale as English; and the same may be observed in the formation of any numeral scale, though the actual number of counting has been, finger origin for numeral words has by no means been a pure numeral instead of by some word meaning _hand_ or _fingers of one tribes, count by digit numerals, and form their twenties as follows:[118] point to 20, the numeral words in both scales are such as to show that the id = 16713 author = Dudeney, Henry Ernest title = Amusements in Mathematics date = keywords = Diagram; Fig; George; Mr.; Mrs.; PUZZLE; greek; illustration; number; place; square; way summary = Here are the nine digits so arranged that they form four square numbers: The puzzle is to place a different number in each of the ten squares so infinite number of different ways of making the cuts to solve the puzzle puzzle--to cut a square into pieces to form a Greek cross. four pieces in an infinite number of different ways to make a square. Cut a Greek cross into five pieces that will form two separate squares, Cut a Greek cross into five pieces that will form two separate squares, different ways the puzzle may be solved, assuming that in every case the Place some numbered counters on a sheet of paper divided into squares puzzle is to arrange them in the form of a cross, exactly in the way place themselves that their numbers should form a magic square. ways 63 may be the difference between two square numbers. id = 682 author = Fee, Greg title = Catalan''s Constant [Ramanujan''s Formula] date = keywords = Catalan summary = Catalan''s Constant [Ramanujan''s Formula] Catalan constant to 300000 digits computed on September 29, 1996 by using a Sun Ultra-Sparc in 1 day 8 hour 15 min 15 sec 55 hsec. The algorithm used is the standard series for Catalan, accelerated The algorithm was implemented using the LiDIA ftp://crypt1.cs.uni-sb.de/pub/systems/LiDIA/LiDIA-1.2.1.tgz http://www-jb.cs.uni-sb.de/LiDIA/linkhtml/lidia/lidia.html The implementation of the algorithm is: const_catalan (bigfloat & y) Calculating Catalan''s constant to 300000 decimals Time required: 1 day 8 hour 15 min 15 sec 55 hsec Catalan constant is: sum((-1)**(n+1)/(2*n-1)**2,n=1..infinity) also known was due to Greg Fee and Simon Plouffe on August 14, 1996, and the standard implementation of Catalan on MapleV, Release 4. Euler Tranform: References, Abramowitz and Stegun, formula 3.6.27 Ramanujan Notebooks, part I formula 34.1 of page 293. Computation of Catalan''s constant using Ramanujan''s Formula, by Greg Fee, ACM 1990, Proceedings of the ISAAC conference, 1990, p. Catalan constant to 300000 digits id = 35550 author = Heath, Thomas Little, Sir title = Archimedes date = keywords = Archimedes; B.C.; Book; Euclid; Eudoxus summary = Archimedes says that the theorem of Euclid XII., 2, was proved by means Archimedes then proceeds to find the volumes of two solid figures, which Archimedes proves that the volume of the solid so cut off is one sixth its angles rounded off; and Archimedes proves that the volume of this Having proved these facts by the mechanical method, Archimedes concluded the treatise proving that any segment of a "section of a right-angled propositions declare the surface and volume of the sphere to be equal Book II begins with the problem of finding a sphere equal in volume to a surface, equal to that of another given segment of a sphere. 1 Archimedes inscribes and circumscribes to a circle a series cone, Archimedes calls the conical figure with an elliptic base a figures respectively and using the method of exhaustion, Archimedes method of exhaustion Archimedes finds the areas required. id = 302 author = Husted, Michael title = The Fibonacci Number Series date = keywords = digit summary = id = 729 author = Levy, Steven title = Hackers, Heroes of the Computer Revolution. Chapters 1 and 2 date = keywords = IBM; Kotok; MIT; Peter; Samson; TMRC; TX-0; computer; hacker; program summary = This home computer gave great graphics to game hackers like John Harris, at MIT AI lab, guru of the Hacker Ethic and student of room that housed machines which ran like computers. Peter Samson had been a member of the Tech Model Railroad Club students like Peter Samson, the quest meant more than the degree. damn machines, and while this new programming language called the requisite number of times, people like Kotok were eventually the rest of his time actually writing code for the machine. Samson, Kotok, and the other hackers accepted Peter Deutsch: by And what did these hacker programs DO? Hacker Ethic most faithfully were people like Samson, Saunders, working on a machine like the TX-0, which came with almost no If IBM had its way (so the TMRC hackers Kotok was working on in the Computation Center, the chess program set about building, right there at MIT, a hacker Xanadu the likes id = 744 author = Nemiroff, Robert J. title = The Golden Mean date = keywords = Bonnell summary = This is the golden ratio, (1+sqrt(5))/2, with 1.000.000 digits. It is based on square root of 5 computed by Robert Nemiroff and Jerry Bonnell. The golden ratio = id = 34268 author = Perry, John title = Spinning Tops The "Operatives'' Lecture" of the British Association Meeting at Leeds, 6th September, 1890 date = keywords = Cloth; D.D.; FIG; M.A.; Mr.; Professor; Rev.; gyrostat; illustration; spin summary = that every spinning body like the fly-wheel inside this case resists more the gyrostat would fall if it were not spinning (Fig. 16), and it now moves this gyrostat (Fig. 18) to set its spinning axis vertical, to set its axis remember that when you constrain the axis of a spinning body to rotate, it shown by Fig. 20), O E was the direction of the spinning axis, O D was the When forces act upon a spinning body, tending to cause rotation three turns per second about the axis O A (Fig. 24), and a spin of two balanced kind of rotation will take place, and a spinning body generally equilibrium; when the gyrostat is spinning the ship gets a motion of spinning of the gyrostat is about 23½° to the vertical; the precession is will now spin all the gyrostats, and you will observe that when A moves id = 26752 author = Ramus, Petrus title = The Way To Geometry date = keywords = GEOMETRY summary = THE WAY GEOMETRY. Being necessary and usefull, Astronomers. Engineres. Geographers. Architecks. Land-meaters. Carpenters. Sea-men. Paynters. Carvers, &c. Written by Peter Ramus Translated by William Bedwell Note from submitter: Because of the heavy dependence of this book on its diagrams and illustrations, a text version was not prepared. id = 38536 author = Rivenburg, Romeyn Henry title = A Review of Algebra date = keywords = ALGEBRA summary = Square, cube, and other roots are shown by raising a quantity to the Factors; coefficient; exponent; power; base; term; algebraic sum; similar terms; degree; homogeneous expression; linear radicals; binomial surd; pure quadratic equation; affected Square root of algebraic expressions. Square root of arithmetical numbers. ~Reference:~ The Chapter on Fractional Equations in any algebra. ~Reference:~ The chapter on Square Root in any algebra. Review the method of finding the square root of a binomial surd. Review equations in the quadratic form and solve: To form the quadratic equation when the roots are given.~ ALTERNATE METHOD: Solve for x in terms of y in one equation and substitute in the other. 1. A train running 30 miles an hour requires 21 minutes longer to go a certain distance than does a train running 36 miles an hour. speed over the second half of the course by 2 miles per hour, id = 69 author = Slowinski, David title = The 32nd Mersenne Prime Predicted by Mersenne date = keywords = Fermat summary = The 32nd Mersenne Prime David Slowinski In honor of Andrew Wiles'' proof of the theorem known as "Fermat''s Last Theorem" stated 350 years ago--but unproven until this week (February, 1993). [Fermat''s thoughts on primes did not fare so A prime number is an integer, which is evenly integer divisible only by itself and 1] Took 26.562767 minutes to calculate using Maple 4.0 on a 512-MW 4 CPU Cray 2 id = 22599 author = Smith, David Eugene title = The Hindu-Arabic Numerals date = keywords = A.D.; Arabs; B.C.; Boethius; Bühler; China; East; Europe; Gerbert; Geschichte; Greek; Hindu; India; London; Mathematik; Paris; Smith; Spain; Vol; arabic; illustration; numeral summary = not use the letters of their alphabet for numerical notation, as the Arabs century on fully recognized the Hindu origin of the new numerals. searching for the early history of the Hindu-Arabic numerals, and the fact in certain of the early forms of Hindu numerals.[116] certain of the early numeral forms used in India. Before speaking of the perfected Hindu numerals with the zero and the place Many early writers remarked upon the diversity of Indian numeral forms. For purposes of comparison the modern Sanskrit and Arabic numeral forms are century knew these numerals as Indian forms, for a commentary on the FORMS OF THE NUMERALS, LARGELY FROM WORKS ON THE ABACUS[351] fourteenth century, followed the Arabic usage in calling his work _Indian the Hindu-Arabic numerals until the sixteenth century.[469] the Roman numerals, while Köbel''s calendar of 1518 gives the Arabic forms extended use of this work that the {135} term _Arabic numerals_ became id = 37681 author = Smith, David Eugene title = The Teaching of Geometry date = keywords = A.D.; B.C.; Book; Euclid; Greek; Plato; Proclus; Pythagoras; THEOREM; american; angle; circle; equal; geometry; illustration; line; proposition summary = from geometry as from any other subject of study,--given teachers of for the general case that the sum of the angles of a triangle equals two perpendicular to a line, and how to make an angle equal to a given In his work Euclid placed all of the leading propositions of plane special points and lines relating to the triangle and the circle, and propositions; in other words, to write a textbook on plane geometry. In the proof of the early propositions of plane geometry, and again at point, a straight line, and a circle exists, he practically postulates Euclid stated the proposition thus, "If in a triangle two angles be the proposition that, if alternate angles are equal, the lines are parallels, and we get the figure of plane geometry relating to lines the circle as a line is becoming quite general in elementary geometry, id = 929 author = St. Jude title = The Real Cyberpunk Fakebook date = keywords = Games; chapter; content; cyberpunk; section summary = The Real Cyberpunk Fakebook, by St. Jude, R.U. Sirius time and were cyberpunks *twelve years ago*-we never sneer Chapter 1/ CYBERPUNK: A CHALLENGING POSTMODERN LIFESTYLE! Chapter 5/ CHEATCARDS FOR BOOKS YOU SHOULD HAVE READ Chapter 7/ ONLINE THINGS YOU SHOULD KNOW ABOUT Chapter 16/ CYBERPUNK LIFESTYLE HINTS Chapter 17/ CYBERPUNK SECRETS REVEALED! + The Real Reason Why Cyberpunks Need to Encrypt Their Email Chapter 18/ CYBERPUNK: THE INNER GAME Chapter 19/ CYBERPUNK: THE PARENTAL-DISCRETION SPECIAL Chapter 2: ACHIEVING CYBERPUNK Chapter 2: ACHIEVING CYBERPUNK What is there to know about being a cyberpunk? You think cyberpunk is just a leather jacket, some chrome While a cyberpunk is commonly a middleclass white male with way too many don''t know why all cyberpunks need a laser pointer, but it''s mandatory.) Maybe you should stick to basic cyberpunk. Chapter 4: Building Your Cyber Word Power Chapter 4: Building Your Cyber Word Power id = 39300 author = Thorndike, Edward L. (Edward Lee) title = The Psychology of Arithmetic date = keywords = Arithmetic; FIG; bond; illustration; number; practice; problem; pupil summary = school drills in addition and in short division in the form of practice arithmetic--the so-called fundamentals--in solving problems should mean To apply arithmetic to a problem a pupil must understand what (1) Working knowledge of the meanings of numbers as names for certain MEASUREMENTS OF ABILITY IN APPLIED ARITHMETIC: THE SOLUTION OF PROBLEMS arithmetic to which work with large numbers in low grades does somewhat the assurance that a problem helps the pupil to learn arithmetic is as sort that the pupil may come to think of a problem in applied arithmetic arithmetical problems in school usually assists the pupil to the extent arithmetical work by pupils in grade 8. It is well for a pupil who has learned (1) the meanings of the numbers have pupils in the problem-attitude when they are studying arithmetic is more ability in arithmetic, or, in other words, that the pupil who is id = 254 author = Unknown title = The Second Story of Meno A Continuation of Socrates'' Dialogue with Meno in Which the Boy Proves Root 2 is Irrational date = keywords = Meno; Socrates summary = Meno: Yes, Socrates, and you know the path is hard, Socrates: Well said, my friend Meno, and I shall leave it at Socrates: Please, Meno, instruct the boy to merely call me Meno: You heard what Socrates, said, boy. Meno: You know that I think it is impossible, Socrates. Socrates: So you have, my boy, has he not Meno? Socrates: Then you know what odd and even are, boy? Boy: Sometimes, Socrates, but usually only with simple numbers Socrates: Now think carefully, boy, what kind of ratios can Boy: Yes. A ratio of odd over even, when multiplied times Boy: We will get a ratio of even over odd, Socrates. Boy: Yes. Socrates: And an even number is two times one whole number? Boy: We know the first number in the squared ratio cannot be odd Socrates: Yes. Boy: When we square an even over odd ratio, the first number id = 63 author = Unknown title = The Number "e" date = keywords = Number summary = The Number "e" Below is the value of ''e'' to about 100,000 places, computed on the NCSA Cray Y-MP using the Brent multiple precision routines (published as Algorithm 524 in the March 1978 issue of Transactions on Mathematical Software). The method used was to compute first the alternating series for 1/e, then to invert this result. The time to compute 1/e was about 594 seconds, and the time to invert was about 97 seconds. special optimization was attempted on the code, other than the default vectorization that the cft77 compiler attempts to do. id = 19600 author = Waters, W. G. (William George) title = Jerome Cardan: A Biographical Study date = keywords = Algebra; Antonio; Archbishop; Arithmetic; Battista; Bologna; Cardan; Cassanate; College; Fazio; Ferrari; Galen; Gian; God; Italy; Jerome; King; Medicine; Milan; Naudé; Opera; Padua; Paris; Pavia; Pope; Propria; Rome; Scaliger; Scotland; Senate; Subtilitate; Tartaglia; University; Varietate; Vita; man; time; work; year summary = reason that the circumstances of Cardan''s life, the character of his work, to treat the more noteworthy episodes of Cardan''s life and work, and the streets of a city was as strong in Cardan''s time as it is to-day. All his life long Cardan was a dreamer of dreams, and he gives an account condition of Algebra at the time when Cardan sat down to write. The _Book of the Great Art_ was not published till six years after Cardan suspecting that Cardan cared little what happened so long as the young man Cardan''s life for the six years which followed was busy work to compare Cardan with Julius Cæsar Scaliger, his rival, and a man THE year 1555 may be held to mark the point of time at which Cardan physician in question called attention to a certain book in which Cardan in writing the record of 1576, says that if Cardan''s life had been id = 5768 author = Williams, Sam title = Free as in Freedom: Richard Stallman''s Crusade for Free Software date = keywords = Emacs; Foundation; Free; GNU; GPL; Harvard; Lab; Linux; Lippman; Lisp; MIT; Murdock; New; O''Reilly; Project; Raymond; Richard; Software; Stallman; Torvalds; University; Unix; Xerox; document; hacker; license summary = Free As in Freedom: Richard Stallman''s Crusade for Free Software. "I do free software," Stallman says to rising laughter. Most importantly, Stallman says, software programs and high-quality software programs Stallman has built, program to examine another," says Stallman, recalling the Free Software Foundation, Stallman wisecracks, free software tools and programs for the GNU Project, When it comes to copyrighted works, Stallman says he Stallman, the hacker who coined the Twenex term, says the AI Lab''s hacker staff, Stallman says many of the if they restrict the use of these programs."See Richard Stallman, "The GNU the free software model, Stallman has held up the better software," says Stallman. distribute copies of the software, or if you modify it.See Richard Stallman, et [Stallman''s] software, but also all of the other GNU According to Stallman, improving software programs was deference to Stallman and the Free Software Foundation Stallman was the software id = 633 author = nan title = The Golden Mean or Ratio[(1+sqrt(5))/2] To 20,000 places date = keywords = constant summary = Catalan evaluation 170000 digits of gamma or Euler constant Zeta(3) or Apery Constant The Gauss-Kusmin-Wirsing constant Landau-Ramanujan constant The golden ratio: (1+sqrt(5))/2 to 20000 places. As calculated by Greg Fee using Maple Release 3 standard Catalan evaluation. of CPU on a SGI R4000 machine. It comes from formula 34.1 of page 293 of Ramanujan Notebooks, The article of Greg Fee that took those formulas appear in Computation of Catalan''s constant using Ramanujan''s Formula, by catalan := 0. 170000 digits of gamma, as calculated from a value furnished by Jon Borwein. gamma or Euler constant is Lim(n->infinity) {sum(1/k,k=1..n) log(n)} The Backhouse constant calculated by Philippe Flajolet INRIA Paris to Zeta(3) or Apery constant to 2000 places. Feigenbaum bifurcation velocity constant Feigenbaum bifurcation velocity constant The Gauss-Kuzmin-Wirsing constant. Khinchin constant to 1024 digits. Landau-Ramanujan constant calculated by Philippe Flajolet INRIA Paris The twin primes constant. The twin primes constant. id = 634 author = nan title = Miscellaneous Mathematical Constants date = keywords = constant; digit; place summary = gamma or Euler constant 170000 digits of gamma, as calculated from a value furnished by Jon Borwein. gamma or Euler constant is Lim(n->infinity) {sum(1/k,k=1..n) log(n)} The Euler constant squared to 2000 digits. The Euler constant squared to 2000 digits. gamma**(exp(1) to 1024 digits. gamma**(exp(1) to 1024 digits. gamma**(exp(1) to 1024 digits. gamma**(exp(1) to 1024 digits. 2**sqrt(2) a transcendental number to 2000 digits. 2**sqrt(2) a transcendental number to 2000 digits. Khinchin constant to 1024 digits. Khinchin constant to 1024 digits. The Lehmer constant to 1000 digits. The Lehmer constant to 1000 digits. -log(gamma) to 1024 digits. -log(gamma) to 1024 digits. exp(Pi*sqrt(163)), the Ramanujan number, in fact the n''th Tribonacci number is given by this EXACT formula. Zeta(3) or Apery constant to 2000 places. Zeta(3) or Apery constant to 2000 places. Zeta(5), the sum(1/n**5,n=1..infinity) to 512 digits. Zeta(5), the sum(1/n**5,n=1..infinity) to 512 digits. The number is 1.60140224354988761393325 (to 24 digits of precision). id = 812 author = nan title = Catalan''s Constant to 1,500,000 Places date = keywords = Catalan summary = See also: Catalan''s Constant [Ramanujan''s] PG#682 The algorithm used is the one presented by Greg Fee on ISSAC ''90 (using only integer arithmetic in the main loop). Again, I have verified the previous 1000100-digit value using LiDIA and text comparison. Best Thomas Papanikolaou Catalan constant to 1500000 digits computed on October 26, 1996 by using a Sun Sparc20 in 7 day 7 hour 14 min 52 sec 71 hsec The algorithm used is the standard series for Catalan, accelerated by an Euler transform as shown by Greg Fee, ACM 1990, Proceedings of the ISAAC conference, 1990, p. The algorithm was implemented using the LiDIA library for computational number theory and it will be part of the multiprecision floating-point arithmetic of the package in release 1.4. LiDIA is available from ftp://crypt1.cs.uni-sb.de/pub/systems/LiDIA/LiDIA-1.2.1.tgz http://www-jb.cs.uni-sb.de/LiDIA/linkhtml/lidia/lidia.html Calculating Catalan''s constant to 1500000 decimals Time required: 7 day 7 hour 14 min 52 sec 71 hsec Catalan =