id sid tid token lemma pos 34233 1 1 UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY NNP 34233 1 2 OF of IN 34233 1 3 KANSAS KANSAS NNP 34233 1 4 PUBLICATIONS PUBLICATIONS NNP 34233 1 5 MUSEUM MUSEUM NNP 34233 1 6 OF of IN 34233 1 7 NATURAL natural JJ 34233 1 8 HISTORY HISTORY NNP 34233 1 9 ------------------- ------------------- NFP 34233 1 10 Volume volume NN 34233 1 11 18 18 CD 34233 1 12 , , , 34233 1 13 No no UH 34233 1 14 . . . 34233 2 1 2 2 CD 34233 2 2 , , , 34233 2 3 pp pp NNP 34233 2 4 . . . 34233 3 1 11 11 CD 34233 3 2 - - SYM 34233 3 3 35 35 CD 34233 3 4 ------------------------- ------------------------- CD 34233 3 5 October October NNP 34233 3 6 15 15 CD 34233 3 7 , , , 34233 3 8 1968 1968 CD 34233 3 9 -------------------------- -------------------------- NFP 34233 3 10 Cranial Cranial NNP 34233 3 11 Osteology Osteology NNP 34233 3 12 of of IN 34233 3 13 the the DT 34233 3 14 Hylid Hylid NNP 34233 3 15 Frog Frog NNP 34233 3 16 , , , 34233 3 17 Smilisca Smilisca NNP 34233 3 18 baudini baudini NN 34233 3 19 BY by IN 34233 3 20 LINDA LINDA NNP 34233 3 21 TRUEB TRUEB NNP 34233 3 22 UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY NNP 34233 3 23 OF of IN 34233 3 24 KANSAS KANSAS NNP 34233 3 25 LAWRENCE LAWRENCE NNP 34233 3 26 1968 1968 CD 34233 3 27 UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY NNP 34233 3 28 OF of IN 34233 3 29 KANSAS KANSAS NNP 34233 3 30 PUBLICATIONS PUBLICATIONS NNP 34233 3 31 , , , 34233 3 32 MUSEUM MUSEUM NNP 34233 3 33 OF of IN 34233 3 34 NATURAL natural JJ 34233 3 35 HISTORY HISTORY NNP 34233 3 36 Editors Editors NNPS 34233 3 37 of of IN 34233 3 38 this this DT 34233 3 39 number number NN 34233 3 40 : : : 34233 3 41 Frank Frank NNP 34233 3 42 B. B. NNP 34233 4 1 Cross Cross NNP 34233 4 2 , , , 34233 4 3 William William NNP 34233 4 4 E. E. NNP 34233 4 5 Duellman Duellman NNP 34233 4 6 , , , 34233 4 7 Philip Philip NNP 34233 4 8 S. S. NNP 34233 4 9 Humphrey Humphrey NNP 34233 4 10 Volume Volume NNP 34233 4 11 18 18 CD 34233 4 12 , , , 34233 4 13 No no UH 34233 4 14 . . . 34233 5 1 2 2 CD 34233 5 2 , , , 34233 5 3 pp pp NNP 34233 5 4 . . . 34233 6 1 11 11 CD 34233 6 2 - - SYM 34233 6 3 35 35 CD 34233 6 4 Published publish VBN 34233 6 5 October October NNP 34233 6 6 15 15 CD 34233 6 7 , , , 34233 6 8 1968 1968 CD 34233 6 9 UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY NNP 34233 6 10 OF of IN 34233 6 11 KANSAS KANSAS NNP 34233 6 12 Lawrence Lawrence NNP 34233 6 13 , , , 34233 6 14 Kansas Kansas NNP 34233 6 15 PRINTED PRINTED NNP 34233 6 16 BY by IN 34233 6 17 ROBERT ROBERT NNP 34233 6 18 R. R. NNP 34233 6 19 ( ( -LRB- 34233 6 20 BOB BOB NNP 34233 6 21 ) ) -RRB- 34233 6 22 SANDERS sander NNS 34233 6 23 , , , 34233 6 24 STATE STATE NNP 34233 6 25 PRINTER PRINTER NNP 34233 6 26 TOPEKA TOPEKA NNP 34233 6 27 , , , 34233 6 28 KANSAS KANSAS NNP 34233 6 29 1968 1968 CD 34233 6 30 [ [ -LRB- 34233 6 31 Union Union NNP 34233 6 32 Label Label NNP 34233 6 33 ] ] -RRB- 34233 6 34 32 32 CD 34233 6 35 - - HYPH 34233 6 36 3686 3686 CD 34233 6 37 Cranial Cranial NNP 34233 6 38 Osteology Osteology NNP 34233 6 39 of of IN 34233 6 40 the the DT 34233 6 41 Hylid Hylid NNP 34233 6 42 Frog Frog NNP 34233 6 43 , , , 34233 6 44 Smilisca Smilisca NNP 34233 6 45 baudini baudini NN 34233 6 46 BY by IN 34233 6 47 LINDA LINDA NNP 34233 6 48 TRUEB TRUEB NNP 34233 6 49 INTRODUCTION introduction NN 34233 6 50 The the DT 34233 6 51 paucity paucity NN 34233 6 52 of of IN 34233 6 53 descriptive descriptive JJ 34233 6 54 cranial cranial JJ 34233 6 55 anatomical anatomical JJ 34233 6 56 work work NN 34233 6 57 dealing deal VBG 34233 6 58 with with IN 34233 6 59 hylid hylid JJ 34233 6 60 frogs frog NNS 34233 6 61 was be VBD 34233 6 62 pointed point VBN 34233 6 63 out out RP 34233 6 64 by by IN 34233 6 65 Trueb Trueb NNP 34233 6 66 ( ( -LRB- 34233 6 67 1966 1966 CD 34233 6 68 ) ) -RRB- 34233 6 69 in in IN 34233 6 70 her -PRON- PRP$ 34233 6 71 paper paper NN 34233 6 72 describing describe VBG 34233 6 73 the the DT 34233 6 74 cranial cranial JJ 34233 6 75 osteology osteology NN 34233 6 76 of of IN 34233 6 77 _ _ NNP 34233 6 78 Hyla Hyla NNP 34233 6 79 septentrionalis septentrionalis NN 34233 6 80 _ _ NNP 34233 6 81 . . . 34233 7 1 Comparative comparative JJ 34233 7 2 studies study NNS 34233 7 3 on on IN 34233 7 4 the the DT 34233 7 5 cranial cranial JJ 34233 7 6 osteology osteology NN 34233 7 7 of of IN 34233 7 8 the the DT 34233 7 9 genus genus NNP 34233 7 10 _ _ NNP 34233 7 11 Smilisca Smilisca NNP 34233 7 12 _ _ NNP 34233 7 13 ( ( -LRB- 34233 7 14 Duellman Duellman NNP 34233 7 15 and and CC 34233 7 16 Trueb Trueb NNP 34233 7 17 , , , 34233 7 18 1966 1966 CD 34233 7 19 ) ) -RRB- 34233 7 20 , , , 34233 7 21 along along IN 34233 7 22 with with IN 34233 7 23 other other JJ 34233 7 24 more more JJR 34233 7 25 brief brief JJ 34233 7 26 descriptions description NNS 34233 7 27 , , , 34233 7 28 reveal reveal VB 34233 7 29 variation variation NN 34233 7 30 among among IN 34233 7 31 cranial cranial JJ 34233 7 32 characters character NNS 34233 7 33 of of IN 34233 7 34 hylids hylid NNS 34233 7 35 . . . 34233 8 1 Since since IN 34233 8 2 these these DT 34233 8 3 external external JJ 34233 8 4 characters character NNS 34233 8 5 have have VBP 34233 8 6 been be VBN 34233 8 7 useful useful JJ 34233 8 8 in in IN 34233 8 9 defining define VBG 34233 8 10 species specie NNS 34233 8 11 , , , 34233 8 12 species species NN 34233 8 13 groups group NNS 34233 8 14 , , , 34233 8 15 and and CC 34233 8 16 genera genera NN 34233 8 17 , , , 34233 8 18 it -PRON- PRP 34233 8 19 seems seem VBZ 34233 8 20 worthwhile worthwhile JJ 34233 8 21 to to TO 34233 8 22 pursue pursue VB 34233 8 23 correlated correlate VBN 34233 8 24 studies study NNS 34233 8 25 on on IN 34233 8 26 internal internal JJ 34233 8 27 cranial cranial JJ 34233 8 28 structure structure NN 34233 8 29 . . . 34233 9 1 The the DT 34233 9 2 following follow VBG 34233 9 3 account account NN 34233 9 4 dealing deal VBG 34233 9 5 with with IN 34233 9 6 the the DT 34233 9 7 Neotropical neotropical JJ 34233 9 8 tree tree NN 34233 9 9 frog frog NN 34233 9 10 , , , 34233 9 11 _ _ NNP 34233 9 12 Smilisca Smilisca NNP 34233 9 13 baudini baudini NN 34233 9 14 _ _ NNP 34233 9 15 Duméril Duméril NNP 34233 9 16 and and CC 34233 9 17 Bibron Bibron NNP 34233 9 18 , , , 34233 9 19 1841 1841 CD 34233 9 20 , , , 34233 9 21 is be VBZ 34233 9 22 the the DT 34233 9 23 first first JJ 34233 9 24 published publish VBN 34233 9 25 description description NN 34233 9 26 of of IN 34233 9 27 the the DT 34233 9 28 internal internal JJ 34233 9 29 cranial cranial JJ 34233 9 30 anatomy anatomy NN 34233 9 31 of of IN 34233 9 32 a a DT 34233 9 33 hylid hylid JJ 34233 9 34 frog frog NN 34233 9 35 , , , 34233 9 36 and and CC 34233 9 37 supplements supplement VBZ 34233 9 38 the the DT 34233 9 39 recent recent JJ 34233 9 40 account account NN 34233 9 41 ( ( -LRB- 34233 9 42 Duellman Duellman NNP 34233 9 43 and and CC 34233 9 44 Trueb Trueb NNP 34233 9 45 , , , 34233 9 46 1966 1966 CD 34233 9 47 ) ) -RRB- 34233 9 48 of of IN 34233 9 49 external external JJ 34233 9 50 cranial cranial JJ 34233 9 51 osteology osteology NN 34233 9 52 of of IN 34233 9 53 the the DT 34233 9 54 same same JJ 34233 9 55 species specie NNS 34233 9 56 . . . 34233 10 1 Comparative comparative JJ 34233 10 2 studies study NNS 34233 10 3 of of IN 34233 10 4 hylid hylid NN 34233 10 5 skulls skull NNS 34233 10 6 are be VBP 34233 10 7 expected expect VBN 34233 10 8 to to TO 34233 10 9 yield yield VB 34233 10 10 information information NN 34233 10 11 of of IN 34233 10 12 taxonomic taxonomic JJ 34233 10 13 importance importance NN 34233 10 14 . . . 34233 11 1 I -PRON- PRP 34233 11 2 am be VBP 34233 11 3 grateful grateful JJ 34233 11 4 to to IN 34233 11 5 Richard Richard NNP 34233 11 6 J. J. NNP 34233 11 7 Baldauf Baldauf NNP 34233 11 8 of of IN 34233 11 9 Texas Texas NNP 34233 11 10 A A NNP 34233 11 11 & & CC 34233 11 12 M M NNP 34233 11 13 University University NNP 34233 11 14 and and CC 34233 11 15 William William NNP 34233 11 16 E. E. NNP 34233 11 17 Duellman Duellman NNP 34233 11 18 of of IN 34233 11 19 the the DT 34233 11 20 University University NNP 34233 11 21 of of IN 34233 11 22 Kansas Kansas NNP 34233 11 23 for for IN 34233 11 24 critically critically RB 34233 11 25 reading read VBG 34233 11 26 the the DT 34233 11 27 manuscript manuscript NN 34233 11 28 and and CC 34233 11 29 offering offer VBG 34233 11 30 helpful helpful JJ 34233 11 31 suggestions suggestion NNS 34233 11 32 . . . 34233 12 1 The the DT 34233 12 2 findings finding NNS 34233 12 3 reported report VBN 34233 12 4 here here RB 34233 12 5 result result VBP 34233 12 6 from from IN 34233 12 7 research research NN 34233 12 8 on on IN 34233 12 9 Middle middle JJ 34233 12 10 American american JJ 34233 12 11 hylids hylid NNS 34233 12 12 supported support VBN 34233 12 13 by by IN 34233 12 14 a a DT 34233 12 15 grant grant NN 34233 12 16 from from IN 34233 12 17 the the DT 34233 12 18 National National NNP 34233 12 19 Science Science NNP 34233 12 20 Foundation Foundation NNP 34233 12 21 ( ( -LRB- 34233 12 22 GB-1441 GB-1441 NNP 34233 12 23 ) ) -RRB- 34233 12 24 to to IN 34233 12 25 William William NNP 34233 12 26 E. E. NNP 34233 12 27 Duellman Duellman NNP 34233 12 28 . . . 34233 13 1 Materials material NNS 34233 13 2 and and CC 34233 13 3 Methods method NNS 34233 13 4 The the DT 34233 13 5 serial serial JJ 34233 13 6 sections section NNS 34233 13 7 illustrated illustrate VBN 34233 13 8 beyond beyond IN 34233 13 9 are be VBP 34233 13 10 from from IN 34233 13 11 an an DT 34233 13 12 adult adult NN 34233 13 13 male male NN 34233 13 14 of of IN 34233 13 15 _ _ NNP 34233 13 16 Smilisca Smilisca NNP 34233 13 17 baudini baudini NNP 34233 13 18 _ _ NNP 34233 13 19 ( ( -LRB- 34233 13 20 KU KU NNP 34233 13 21 89924 89924 CD 34233 13 22 ) ) -RRB- 34233 13 23 having have VBG 34233 13 24 a a DT 34233 13 25 snout snout NN 34233 13 26 - - HYPH 34233 13 27 vent vent NN 34233 13 28 length length NN 34233 13 29 of of IN 34233 13 30 53.0 53.0 CD 34233 13 31 mm mm NNS 34233 13 32 . . . 34233 14 1 and and CC 34233 14 2 a a DT 34233 14 3 head head NN 34233 14 4 width width NN 34233 14 5 ( ( -LRB- 34233 14 6 measured measure VBN 34233 14 7 at at IN 34233 14 8 angle angle NN 34233 14 9 of of IN 34233 14 10 jaws jaws NNP 34233 14 11 ) ) -RRB- 34233 14 12 of of IN 34233 14 13 17.0 17.0 CD 34233 14 14 mm mm NNP 34233 14 15 . . . 34233 15 1 The the DT 34233 15 2 specimen speciman NNS 34233 15 3 was be VBD 34233 15 4 collected collect VBN 34233 15 5 5.2 5.2 CD 34233 15 6 kilometers kilometer NNS 34233 15 7 east east NN 34233 15 8 - - HYPH 34233 15 9 southeast southeast NN 34233 15 10 of of IN 34233 15 11 Córdoba Córdoba NNP 34233 15 12 , , , 34233 15 13 Veracruz Veracruz NNP 34233 15 14 , , , 34233 15 15 México México NNP 34233 15 16 . . . 34233 16 1 Transverse transverse JJ 34233 16 2 sections section NNS 34233 16 3 were be VBD 34233 16 4 cut cut VBN 34233 16 5 at at IN 34233 16 6 thicknesses thickness NNS 34233 16 7 of of IN 34233 16 8 10 10 CD 34233 16 9 and and CC 34233 16 10 15 15 CD 34233 16 11 microns micron NNS 34233 16 12 on on IN 34233 16 13 a a DT 34233 16 14 rotary rotary JJ 34233 16 15 microtome microtome NN 34233 16 16 and and CC 34233 16 17 stained stain VBD 34233 16 18 according accord VBG 34233 16 19 to to IN 34233 16 20 the the DT 34233 16 21 technique technique NN 34233 16 22 described describe VBN 34233 16 23 by by IN 34233 16 24 Baldauf Baldauf NNP 34233 16 25 ( ( -LRB- 34233 16 26 1958 1958 CD 34233 16 27 ) ) -RRB- 34233 16 28 . . . 34233 17 1 Cleared clear VBN 34233 17 2 and and CC 34233 17 3 stained stain VBN 34233 17 4 specimens specimen NNS 34233 17 5 and and CC 34233 17 6 dried dry VBN 34233 17 7 skeletons skeleton NNS 34233 17 8 also also RB 34233 17 9 were be VBD 34233 17 10 used use VBN 34233 17 11 . . . 34233 18 1 Figure figure NN 34233 18 2 1 1 CD 34233 18 3 is be VBZ 34233 18 4 based base VBN 34233 18 5 on on IN 34233 18 6 KU KU NNP 34233 18 7 68183 68183 CD 34233 18 8 - - SYM 34233 18 9 4 4 CD 34233 18 10 and and CC 34233 18 11 Fig Fig NNP 34233 18 12 . . . 34233 19 1 9 9 CD 34233 19 2 on on IN 34233 19 3 KU KU NNP 34233 19 4 55614 55614 CD 34233 19 5 . . . 34233 20 1 All all DT 34233 20 2 other other JJ 34233 20 3 drawings drawing NNS 34233 20 4 are be VBP 34233 20 5 made make VBN 34233 20 6 from from IN 34233 20 7 KU KU NNP 34233 20 8 89924 89924 CD 34233 20 9 . . . 34233 21 1 In in IN 34233 21 2 all all DT 34233 21 3 cross cross JJ 34233 21 4 - - JJ 34233 21 5 sectional sectional JJ 34233 21 6 figures figure NNS 34233 21 7 , , , 34233 21 8 bone bone NN 34233 21 9 is be VBZ 34233 21 10 represented represent VBN 34233 21 11 by by IN 34233 21 12 solid solid JJ 34233 21 13 black black NN 34233 21 14 , , , 34233 21 15 cartilage cartilage NN 34233 21 16 by by IN 34233 21 17 stippling stipple VBG 34233 21 18 , , , 34233 21 19 and and CC 34233 21 20 connective connective JJ 34233 21 21 tissue tissue NN 34233 21 22 by by IN 34233 21 23 cross cross NN 34233 21 24 - - NN 34233 21 25 hatching hatching NN 34233 21 26 . . . 34233 22 1 Unless unless IN 34233 22 2 otherwise otherwise RB 34233 22 3 noted note VBD 34233 22 4 all all DT 34233 22 5 descriptions description NNS 34233 22 6 are be VBP 34233 22 7 given give VBN 34233 22 8 in in IN 34233 22 9 an an DT 34233 22 10 anterior anterior JJ 34233 22 11 - - HYPH 34233 22 12 posterior posterior NN 34233 22 13 sequence sequence NN 34233 22 14 . . . 34233 23 1 Commonly commonly RB 34233 23 2 accepted accept VBN 34233 23 3 English english JJ 34233 23 4 terms term NNS 34233 23 5 are be VBP 34233 23 6 used use VBN 34233 23 7 . . . 34233 24 1 For for IN 34233 24 2 example example NN 34233 24 3 , , , 34233 24 4 dentary dentary NNP 34233 24 5 is be VBZ 34233 24 6 used use VBN 34233 24 7 in in IN 34233 24 8 preference preference NN 34233 24 9 to to IN 34233 24 10 dentale dentale NN 34233 24 11 and and CC 34233 24 12 maxillary maxillary JJ 34233 24 13 process process NN 34233 24 14 instead instead RB 34233 24 15 of of IN 34233 24 16 processus processus NNP 34233 24 17 maxillaris maxillaris NNP 34233 24 18 . . . 34233 25 1 If if IN 34233 25 2 no no DT 34233 25 3 commonly commonly RB 34233 25 4 accepted accept VBN 34233 25 5 English english JJ 34233 25 6 term term NN 34233 25 7 is be VBZ 34233 25 8 available available JJ 34233 25 9 for for IN 34233 25 10 a a DT 34233 25 11 given give VBN 34233 25 12 structure structure NN 34233 25 13 , , , 34233 25 14 the the DT 34233 25 15 Latin latin JJ 34233 25 16 name name NN 34233 25 17 is be VBZ 34233 25 18 retained retain VBN 34233 25 19 . . . 34233 26 1 For for IN 34233 26 2 example example NN 34233 26 3 , , , 34233 26 4 the the DT 34233 26 5 cartilaginous cartilaginous JJ 34233 26 6 plate plate NN 34233 26 7 separating separate VBG 34233 26 8 the the DT 34233 26 9 cavum cavum NN 34233 26 10 principale principale NN 34233 26 11 from from IN 34233 26 12 the the DT 34233 26 13 cavum cavum NNP 34233 26 14 medium medium NN 34233 26 15 is be VBZ 34233 26 16 termed term VBN 34233 26 17 the the DT 34233 26 18 lamina lamina NNP 34233 26 19 superior superior NNP 34233 26 20 . . . 34233 27 1 [ [ -LRB- 34233 27 2 Illustration illustration NN 34233 27 3 : : : 34233 27 4 FIG FIG NNP 34233 27 5 . . . 34233 28 1 1 1 LS 34233 28 2 . . . 34233 29 1 Partially partially RB 34233 29 2 disarticulated disarticulate VBN 34233 29 3 skull skull NNP 34233 29 4 ( ( -LRB- 34233 29 5 left leave VBN 34233 29 6 frontoparietal frontoparietal NN 34233 29 7 and and CC 34233 29 8 nasal nasal NN 34233 29 9 removed remove VBN 34233 29 10 ) ) -RRB- 34233 29 11 of of IN 34233 29 12 _ _ NNP 34233 29 13 Smilisca Smilisca NNP 34233 29 14 baudini baudini NNP 34233 29 15 _ _ NNP 34233 29 16 , , , 34233 29 17 KU KU NNP 34233 29 18 68183 68183 CD 34233 29 19 , , , 34233 29 20 [ [ -LRB- 34233 29 21 Female Female NNP 34233 29 22 ] ] -RRB- 34233 29 23 × × CD 34233 29 24 4 4 CD 34233 29 25 . . . 34233 30 1 Abbreviations abbreviation NNS 34233 30 2 : : : 34233 30 3 _ _ NNP 34233 30 4 al al NNP 34233 30 5 . . . 34233 31 1 proc proc NNS 34233 31 2 . . . 34233 31 3 _ _ NNP 34233 31 4 , , , 34233 31 5 alary alary JJ 34233 31 6 process process NN 34233 31 7 of of IN 34233 31 8 premaxillary premaxillary NN 34233 31 9 ; ; : 34233 31 10 _ _ NNP 34233 31 11 ant ant NN 34233 31 12 . . . 34233 32 1 sq sq NNP 34233 32 2 . . NNP 34233 32 3 _ _ NNP 34233 32 4 , , , 34233 32 5 anterior anterior JJ 34233 32 6 arm arm NN 34233 32 7 of of IN 34233 32 8 squamosal squamosal NNP 34233 32 9 ; ; : 34233 32 10 _ _ NNP 34233 32 11 epi epi NNP 34233 32 12 . . . 34233 33 1 em -PRON- PRP 34233 33 2 . . . 34233 33 3 _ _ NNP 34233 33 4 , , , 34233 33 5 epiotic epiotic JJ 34233 33 6 eminence eminence NN 34233 33 7 ; ; : 34233 33 8 _ _ NNP 34233 33 9 exocc exocc NNP 34233 33 10 . . . 34233 33 11 _ _ NNP 34233 33 12 , , , 34233 33 13 exoccipital exoccipital JJ 34233 33 14 ; ; : 34233 33 15 _ _ NNP 34233 33 16 fpar fpar NNS 34233 33 17 . . . 34233 33 18 _ _ NNP 34233 33 19 , , , 34233 33 20 frontoparietal frontoparietal JJ 34233 33 21 ; ; : 34233 33 22 _ _ NNP 34233 33 23 fpar fpar NNS 34233 33 24 . . . 34233 34 1 fon fon NN 34233 34 2 . . . 34233 34 3 _ _ NNP 34233 34 4 , , , 34233 34 5 frontoparietal frontoparietal JJ 34233 34 6 fontanelle fontanelle NN 34233 34 7 ; ; : 34233 34 8 _ _ NNP 34233 34 9 max max NNP 34233 34 10 . . . 34233 34 11 _ _ NNP 34233 34 12 , , , 34233 34 13 maxillary maxillary NNP 34233 34 14 ; ; : 34233 34 15 _ _ NNP 34233 34 16 nas nas NNP 34233 34 17 . . . 34233 34 18 _ _ NNP 34233 34 19 , , , 34233 34 20 nasal nasal NN 34233 34 21 ; ; : 34233 34 22 _ _ NNP 34233 34 23 pal pal NN 34233 34 24 . . . 34233 34 25 _ _ NNP 34233 34 26 , , , 34233 34 27 palatine palatine NN 34233 34 28 ; ; : 34233 34 29 _ _ NNP 34233 34 30 pal pal NN 34233 34 31 . . . 34233 35 1 proc proc NNP 34233 35 2 . . . 34233 35 3 _ _ NNP 34233 35 4 , , , 34233 35 5 palatine palatine NN 34233 35 6 process process NN 34233 35 7 ; ; : 34233 35 8 _ _ NNP 34233 35 9 pasph pasph NN 34233 35 10 . . . 34233 35 11 _ _ NNP 34233 35 12 , , , 34233 35 13 parasphenoid parasphenoid NN 34233 35 14 ; ; : 34233 35 15 _ _ NNP 34233 35 16 pmax pmax NNP 34233 35 17 . . . 34233 35 18 _ _ NNP 34233 35 19 , , , 34233 35 20 premaxillary premaxillary NNP 34233 35 21 ; ; : 34233 35 22 _ _ NNP 34233 35 23 pvom pvom NNS 34233 35 24 . . . 34233 35 25 _ _ NNP 34233 35 26 , , , 34233 35 27 prevomer prevomer NN 34233 35 28 ; ; : 34233 35 29 _ _ NNP 34233 35 30 post post NN 34233 35 31 , , , 34233 35 32 sq sq NNP 34233 35 33 . . NNP 34233 35 34 _ _ NNP 34233 35 35 , , , 34233 35 36 posterior posterior JJ 34233 35 37 arm arm NN 34233 35 38 of of IN 34233 35 39 squamosal squamosal NN 34233 35 40 ; ; : 34233 35 41 _ _ NNP 34233 35 42 pro pro FW 34233 35 43 . . . 34233 35 44 _ _ NNP 34233 35 45 , , , 34233 35 46 prootic prootic JJ 34233 35 47 ; ; : 34233 35 48 _ _ NNP 34233 35 49 pter pter NN 34233 35 50 . . . 34233 35 51 _ _ NNP 34233 35 52 , , , 34233 35 53 pterygoid pterygoid NN 34233 35 54 ; ; : 34233 35 55 _ _ NNP 34233 35 56 qj qj NNP 34233 35 57 . . . 34233 35 58 _ _ NNP 34233 35 59 , , , 34233 35 60 quadratojugal quadratojugal NNP 34233 35 61 ; ; : 34233 35 62 _ _ NNP 34233 35 63 spmax spmax NNP 34233 35 64 . . . 34233 35 65 _ _ NNP 34233 35 66 , , , 34233 35 67 septomaxillary septomaxillary NN 34233 35 68 ; ; : 34233 35 69 _ _ NNP 34233 35 70 sept sept NNP 34233 35 71 , , , 34233 35 72 nas nas NNP 34233 35 73 . . . 34233 35 74 _ _ NNP 34233 35 75 , , , 34233 35 76 septum septum NN 34233 35 77 nasi nasi NNP 34233 35 78 ; ; : 34233 35 79 _ _ NNP 34233 35 80 spheth spheth NNP 34233 35 81 . . . 34233 35 82 _ _ NNP 34233 35 83 , , , 34233 35 84 spnenethmoid spnenethmoid NNP 34233 35 85 ; ; : 34233 35 86 _ _ NNP 34233 35 87 vent vent NN 34233 35 88 , , , 34233 35 89 sq sq NNP 34233 35 90 . . NNP 34233 35 91 _ _ NNP 34233 35 92 , , , 34233 35 93 ventral ventral JJ 34233 35 94 arm arm NN 34233 35 95 of of IN 34233 35 96 squamosal squamosal NN 34233 35 97 . . . 34233 35 98 ] ] -RRB- 34233 36 1 DESCRIPTION description NN 34233 36 2 OF of IN 34233 36 3 INTERNAL internal CD 34233 36 4 CRANIAL CRANIAL NNS 34233 36 5 OSTEOLOGY OSTEOLOGY NNP 34233 36 6 Olfactory Olfactory NNP 34233 36 7 Region Region NNP 34233 36 8 _ _ NNP 34233 36 9 Alary Alary NNP 34233 36 10 cartilage._--The cartilage._--The NNS 34233 36 11 anterior anterior NN 34233 36 12 end end NN 34233 36 13 of of IN 34233 36 14 the the DT 34233 36 15 alary alary JJ 34233 36 16 cartilage cartilage NN 34233 36 17 ( ( -LRB- 34233 36 18 _ _ NNP 34233 36 19 al al NNP 34233 36 20 . . . 34233 37 1 c. c. NNP 34233 37 2 _ _ NNP 34233 37 3 , , , 34233 37 4 Figs Figs NNP 34233 37 5 . . . 34233 38 1 2 2 LS 34233 38 2 - - SYM 34233 38 3 5 5 CD 34233 38 4 ) ) -RRB- 34233 38 5 lies lie VBZ 34233 38 6 within within IN 34233 38 7 the the DT 34233 38 8 posterior posterior NN 34233 38 9 concavity concavity NN 34233 38 10 of of IN 34233 38 11 the the DT 34233 38 12 alary alary JJ 34233 38 13 process process NN 34233 38 14 ( ( -LRB- 34233 38 15 _ _ NNP 34233 38 16 al al NNP 34233 38 17 . . . 34233 39 1 proc proc NNS 34233 39 2 . . . 34233 39 3 _ _ NNP 34233 39 4 , , , 34233 39 5 Figs Figs NNP 34233 39 6 . . . 34233 40 1 1 1 CD 34233 40 2 - - SYM 34233 40 3 3 3 CD 34233 40 4 ) ) -RRB- 34233 40 5 of of IN 34233 40 6 the the DT 34233 40 7 premaxillary premaxillary NNP 34233 40 8 ( ( -LRB- 34233 40 9 _ _ NNP 34233 40 10 pmax pmax NNP 34233 40 11 . . . 34233 40 12 _ _ NNP 34233 40 13 ) ) -RRB- 34233 40 14 . . . 34233 41 1 In in IN 34233 41 2 posterior posterior NN 34233 41 3 sections section NNS 34233 41 4 the the DT 34233 41 5 cartilage cartilage NN 34233 41 6 assumes assume VBZ 34233 41 7 a a DT 34233 41 8 dorsolateral dorsolateral JJ 34233 41 9 position position NN 34233 41 10 ( ( -LRB- 34233 41 11 Fig fig NN 34233 41 12 . . . 34233 42 1 3 3 LS 34233 42 2 ) ) -RRB- 34233 42 3 , , , 34233 42 4 ventral ventral JJ 34233 42 5 and and CC 34233 42 6 slightly slightly RB 34233 42 7 lateral lateral JJ 34233 42 8 to to IN 34233 42 9 the the DT 34233 42 10 tectum tectum NN 34233 42 11 nasi nasi NNP 34233 42 12 . . . 34233 43 1 The the DT 34233 43 2 alary alary JJ 34233 43 3 cartilage cartilage NN 34233 43 4 remains remain VBZ 34233 43 5 narrowly narrowly RB 34233 43 6 separated separate VBN 34233 43 7 from from IN 34233 43 8 the the DT 34233 43 9 tectum tectum NN 34233 43 10 nasi nasi NNP 34233 43 11 but but CC 34233 43 12 fuses fuse VBZ 34233 43 13 ventromedially ventromedially RB 34233 43 14 with with IN 34233 43 15 the the DT 34233 43 16 septum septum NN 34233 43 17 nasi nasi NNP 34233 43 18 and and CC 34233 43 19 forms form VBZ 34233 43 20 a a DT 34233 43 21 nearly nearly RB 34233 43 22 complete complete JJ 34233 43 23 cartilaginous cartilaginous JJ 34233 43 24 capsule capsule NN 34233 43 25 around around IN 34233 43 26 the the DT 34233 43 27 anterior anterior JJ 34233 43 28 end end NN 34233 43 29 of of IN 34233 43 30 the the DT 34233 43 31 cavum cavum NN 34233 43 32 principale principale NN 34233 43 33 . . . 34233 44 1 Posterior posterior JJ 34233 44 2 to to IN 34233 44 3 the the DT 34233 44 4 anterior anterior JJ 34233 44 5 end end NN 34233 44 6 of of IN 34233 44 7 the the DT 34233 44 8 cavum cavum NNP 34233 44 9 medium medium NN 34233 44 10 and and CC 34233 44 11 the the DT 34233 44 12 lamina lamina NNP 34233 44 13 superior superior NNP 34233 44 14 , , , 34233 44 15 the the DT 34233 44 16 alary alary JJ 34233 44 17 cartilage cartilage NN 34233 44 18 separates separate NNS 34233 44 19 ventrally ventrally RB 34233 44 20 from from IN 34233 44 21 the the DT 34233 44 22 lamina lamina NN 34233 44 23 . . . 34233 45 1 In in IN 34233 45 2 subsequent subsequent JJ 34233 45 3 posterior posterior NN 34233 45 4 sections section NNS 34233 45 5 , , , 34233 45 6 the the DT 34233 45 7 cartilage cartilage NN 34233 45 8 , , , 34233 45 9 arcuate arcuate JJ 34233 45 10 in in IN 34233 45 11 cross cross NNP 34233 45 12 section section NN 34233 45 13 , , , 34233 45 14 becomes become VBZ 34233 45 15 progressively progressively RB 34233 45 16 smaller small JJR 34233 45 17 and and CC 34233 45 18 terminates terminate NNS 34233 45 19 at at IN 34233 45 20 the the DT 34233 45 21 level level NN 34233 45 22 of of IN 34233 45 23 the the DT 34233 45 24 union union NN 34233 45 25 of of IN 34233 45 26 the the DT 34233 45 27 medial medial JJ 34233 45 28 and and CC 34233 45 29 lateral lateral JJ 34233 45 30 recesses recess NNS 34233 45 31 of of IN 34233 45 32 the the DT 34233 45 33 cavum cavum NN 34233 45 34 inferior inferior JJ 34233 45 35 . . . 34233 46 1 _ _ NNP 34233 46 2 Prenasal Prenasal NNP 34233 46 3 cartilages._--The cartilages._--the SYM 34233 46 4 superior superior JJ 34233 46 5 prenasal prenasal NN 34233 46 6 cartilage cartilage NN 34233 46 7 is be VBZ 34233 46 8 small small JJ 34233 46 9 ; ; : 34233 46 10 it -PRON- PRP 34233 46 11 lies lie VBZ 34233 46 12 adjacent adjacent JJ 34233 46 13 to to IN 34233 46 14 the the DT 34233 46 15 posterodorsal posterodorsal NN 34233 46 16 surface surface NN 34233 46 17 of of IN 34233 46 18 the the DT 34233 46 19 alary alary JJ 34233 46 20 process process NN 34233 46 21 of of IN 34233 46 22 the the DT 34233 46 23 premaxillary premaxillary NN 34233 46 24 , , , 34233 46 25 and and CC 34233 46 26 anterior anterior NNP 34233 46 27 to to IN 34233 46 28 the the DT 34233 46 29 alary alary JJ 34233 46 30 cartilage cartilage NN 34233 46 31 . . . 34233 47 1 The the DT 34233 47 2 inferior inferior JJ 34233 47 3 prenasal prenasal NN 34233 47 4 cartilage cartilage NN 34233 47 5 ( ( -LRB- 34233 47 6 _ _ NNP 34233 47 7 inf inf NN 34233 47 8 . . . 34233 48 1 pnas pnas NNP 34233 48 2 . . . 34233 49 1 c. c. NNP 34233 49 2 _ _ NNP 34233 49 3 , , , 34233 49 4 Figs Figs NNP 34233 49 5 . . . 34233 50 1 2 2 CD 34233 50 2 - - SYM 34233 50 3 6 6 CD 34233 50 4 , , , 34233 50 5 and and CC 34233 50 6 8) 8) CD 34233 50 7 appears appear VBZ 34233 50 8 posterior posterior NN 34233 50 9 to to IN 34233 50 10 the the DT 34233 50 11 appearance appearance NN 34233 50 12 of of IN 34233 50 13 the the DT 34233 50 14 alary alary JJ 34233 50 15 cartilage cartilage NN 34233 50 16 . . . 34233 51 1 The the DT 34233 51 2 anterior anterior JJ 34233 51 3 terminus terminus NN 34233 51 4 lies lie VBZ 34233 51 5 at at IN 34233 51 6 the the DT 34233 51 7 base base NN 34233 51 8 of of IN 34233 51 9 the the DT 34233 51 10 alary alary JJ 34233 51 11 process process NN 34233 51 12 ; ; : 34233 51 13 the the DT 34233 51 14 cartilage cartilage NN 34233 51 15 extends extend VBZ 34233 51 16 dorsally dorsally RB 34233 51 17 ( ( -LRB- 34233 51 18 Fig fig NN 34233 51 19 . . . 34233 52 1 3 3 LS 34233 52 2 ) ) -RRB- 34233 52 3 along along IN 34233 52 4 the the DT 34233 52 5 posterior posterior NN 34233 52 6 surface surface NN 34233 52 7 of of IN 34233 52 8 the the DT 34233 52 9 alary alary JJ 34233 52 10 process process NN 34233 52 11 and and CC 34233 52 12 then then RB 34233 52 13 curves curve VBZ 34233 52 14 posterodorsally posterodorsally RB 34233 52 15 and and CC 34233 52 16 joins join VBZ 34233 52 17 the the DT 34233 52 18 solum solum NNP 34233 52 19 nasi nasi NNP 34233 52 20 medioventral medioventral NNP 34233 52 21 to to IN 34233 52 22 the the DT 34233 52 23 posterior posterior JJ 34233 52 24 end end NN 34233 52 25 of of IN 34233 52 26 the the DT 34233 52 27 septomaxillary septomaxillary NN 34233 52 28 ( ( -LRB- 34233 52 29 Fig fig NN 34233 52 30 . . . 34233 53 1 8d 8d LS 34233 53 2 ) ) -RRB- 34233 53 3 . . . 34233 54 1 _ _ NNP 34233 54 2 Tectum Tectum NNP 34233 54 3 nasi._--The nasi._--the DT 34233 54 4 anterolateral anterolateral JJ 34233 54 5 corner corner NN 34233 54 6 of of IN 34233 54 7 the the DT 34233 54 8 tectum tectum NN 34233 54 9 nasi nasi NNP 34233 54 10 ( ( -LRB- 34233 54 11 _ _ NNP 34233 54 12 tect tect NN 34233 54 13 . . . 34233 55 1 nas nas NNP 34233 55 2 . . NNP 34233 55 3 _ _ NNP 34233 55 4 , , , 34233 55 5 Fig Fig NNP 34233 55 6 . . . 34233 56 1 2 2 LS 34233 56 2 ) ) -RRB- 34233 56 3 appears appear VBZ 34233 56 4 just just RB 34233 56 5 posterior posterior RB 34233 56 6 and and CC 34233 56 7 dorsomedial dorsomedial JJ 34233 56 8 to to IN 34233 56 9 the the DT 34233 56 10 anterior anterior JJ 34233 56 11 end end NN 34233 56 12 of of IN 34233 56 13 the the DT 34233 56 14 alary alary JJ 34233 56 15 cartilage cartilage NN 34233 56 16 . . . 34233 57 1 The the DT 34233 57 2 anterior anterior NN 34233 57 3 process process NN 34233 57 4 is be VBZ 34233 57 5 short short JJ 34233 57 6 ; ; : 34233 57 7 it -PRON- PRP 34233 57 8 fuses fuse VBZ 34233 57 9 medially medially RB 34233 57 10 with with IN 34233 57 11 the the DT 34233 57 12 septum septum NN 34233 57 13 nasi nasi NN 34233 57 14 forming form VBG 34233 57 15 a a DT 34233 57 16 complete complete JJ 34233 57 17 roof roof NN 34233 57 18 to to IN 34233 57 19 the the DT 34233 57 20 cavum cavum NN 34233 57 21 principale principale NN 34233 57 22 ( ( -LRB- 34233 57 23 Figs fig NNS 34233 57 24 . . . 34233 58 1 3 3 CD 34233 58 2 and and CC 34233 58 3 4 4 CD 34233 58 4 ) ) -RRB- 34233 58 5 . . . 34233 59 1 The the DT 34233 59 2 oblique oblique JJ 34233 59 3 cartilage cartilage NN 34233 59 4 ( ( -LRB- 34233 59 5 _ _ NNP 34233 59 6 obl obl NNP 34233 59 7 . . . 34233 60 1 c. c. NNP 34233 60 2 _ _ NNP 34233 60 3 ) ) -RRB- 34233 60 4 diverges diverge VBZ 34233 60 5 laterally laterally RB 34233 60 6 from from IN 34233 60 7 the the DT 34233 60 8 tectum tectum NN 34233 60 9 nasi nasi NNP 34233 60 10 just just RB 34233 60 11 posterior posterior RB 34233 60 12 to to IN 34233 60 13 the the DT 34233 60 14 terminus terminus NN 34233 60 15 of of IN 34233 60 16 the the DT 34233 60 17 alary alary JJ 34233 60 18 cartilage cartilage NN 34233 60 19 ( ( -LRB- 34233 60 20 Fig fig NN 34233 60 21 . . . 34233 61 1 6 6 LS 34233 61 2 ) ) -RRB- 34233 61 3 . . . 34233 62 1 Medially medially RB 34233 62 2 , , , 34233 62 3 the the DT 34233 62 4 tectum tectum NN 34233 62 5 nasi nasi NNP 34233 62 6 persists persist NNS 34233 62 7 , , , 34233 62 8 overlaid overlay VBN 34233 62 9 by by IN 34233 62 10 the the DT 34233 62 11 nasal nasal NN 34233 62 12 bone bone NN 34233 62 13 laterally laterally RB 34233 62 14 . . . 34233 63 1 _ _ NNP 34233 63 2 Septum Septum NNP 34233 63 3 nasi._--Posterior nasi._--posterior RB 34233 63 4 to to IN 34233 63 5 the the DT 34233 63 6 appearance appearance NN 34233 63 7 of of IN 34233 63 8 the the DT 34233 63 9 septum septum NN 34233 63 10 nasi nasi NNP 34233 63 11 ( ( -LRB- 34233 63 12 _ _ NNP 34233 63 13 sept sept NNP 34233 63 14 , , , 34233 63 15 nas nas NNP 34233 63 16 . . . 34233 63 17 _ _ NNP 34233 63 18 ) ) -RRB- 34233 63 19 and and CC 34233 63 20 its -PRON- PRP$ 34233 63 21 union union NN 34233 63 22 with with IN 34233 63 23 the the DT 34233 63 24 tectum tectum NN 34233 63 25 nasi nasi NN 34233 63 26 ( ( -LRB- 34233 63 27 Fig fig NN 34233 63 28 . . . 34233 64 1 3 3 LS 34233 64 2 ) ) -RRB- 34233 64 3 , , , 34233 64 4 the the DT 34233 64 5 septum septum NN 34233 64 6 abruptly abruptly RB 34233 64 7 expands expand VBZ 34233 64 8 across across IN 34233 64 9 the the DT 34233 64 10 width width NN 34233 64 11 of of IN 34233 64 12 the the DT 34233 64 13 skull skull NN 34233 64 14 medial medial NN 34233 64 15 to to IN 34233 64 16 the the DT 34233 64 17 alary alary JJ 34233 64 18 cartilage cartilage NN 34233 64 19 . . . 34233 65 1 The the DT 34233 65 2 septum septum NN 34233 65 3 is be VBZ 34233 65 4 entirely entirely RB 34233 65 5 cartilaginous cartilaginous JJ 34233 65 6 posterior posterior NN 34233 65 7 to to IN 34233 65 8 the the DT 34233 65 9 level level NN 34233 65 10 of of IN 34233 65 11 the the DT 34233 65 12 olfactory olfactory JJ 34233 65 13 eminence eminence NN 34233 65 14 , , , 34233 65 15 except except IN 34233 65 16 for for IN 34233 65 17 a a DT 34233 65 18 small small JJ 34233 65 19 amount amount NN 34233 65 20 of of IN 34233 65 21 secondary secondary JJ 34233 65 22 membranous membranous JJ 34233 65 23 ossification ossification NN 34233 65 24 dorsomedially dorsomedially RB 34233 65 25 at at IN 34233 65 26 a a DT 34233 65 27 level level NN 34233 65 28 anterior anterior NN 34233 65 29 to to IN 34233 65 30 the the DT 34233 65 31 nasal nasal NN 34233 65 32 bones bone NNS 34233 65 33 . . . 34233 66 1 Perichondral perichondral JJ 34233 66 2 ossification ossification NN 34233 66 3 commences commence NNS 34233 66 4 in in IN 34233 66 5 the the DT 34233 66 6 dorsal dorsal NN 34233 66 7 part part NN 34233 66 8 of of IN 34233 66 9 the the DT 34233 66 10 septum septum NN 34233 66 11 nasi nasi NNP 34233 66 12 at at IN 34233 66 13 the the DT 34233 66 14 level level NN 34233 66 15 of of IN 34233 66 16 the the DT 34233 66 17 olfactory olfactory JJ 34233 66 18 eminence eminence NN 34233 66 19 . . . 34233 67 1 Endochondral endochondral JJ 34233 67 2 ossification ossification NN 34233 67 3 first first RB 34233 67 4 appears appear VBZ 34233 67 5 dorsally dorsally RB 34233 67 6 in in IN 34233 67 7 the the DT 34233 67 8 vertical vertical JJ 34233 67 9 part part NN 34233 67 10 of of IN 34233 67 11 the the DT 34233 67 12 septum septum NN 34233 67 13 at at IN 34233 67 14 the the DT 34233 67 15 level level NN 34233 67 16 of of IN 34233 67 17 the the DT 34233 67 18 internal internal JJ 34233 67 19 nares naris NNS 34233 67 20 . . . 34233 68 1 Ossification ossification NN 34233 68 2 of of IN 34233 68 3 dorsal dorsal NN 34233 68 4 parts part NNS 34233 68 5 of of IN 34233 68 6 the the DT 34233 68 7 septum septum NN 34233 68 8 precedes precede VBZ 34233 68 9 ossification ossification NN 34233 68 10 of of IN 34233 68 11 ventral ventral JJ 34233 68 12 parts part NNS 34233 68 13 . . . 34233 69 1 Perichondral perichondral JJ 34233 69 2 ossification ossification NN 34233 69 3 of of IN 34233 69 4 the the DT 34233 69 5 ventral ventral JJ 34233 69 6 part part NN 34233 69 7 of of IN 34233 69 8 the the DT 34233 69 9 septum septum NN 34233 69 10 nasi nasi NNP 34233 69 11 is be VBZ 34233 69 12 first first RB 34233 69 13 noted note VBN 34233 69 14 at at IN 34233 69 15 the the DT 34233 69 16 level level NN 34233 69 17 of of IN 34233 69 18 transition transition NN 34233 69 19 between between IN 34233 69 20 the the DT 34233 69 21 planum planum JJ 34233 69 22 antorbitale antorbitale NNP 34233 69 23 and and CC 34233 69 24 solum solum NNP 34233 69 25 nasi nasi NNP 34233 69 26 . . . 34233 70 1 Perichondral perichondral JJ 34233 70 2 ossification ossification NN 34233 70 3 gradually gradually RB 34233 70 4 gives give VBZ 34233 70 5 way way NN 34233 70 6 to to IN 34233 70 7 endochondral endochondral JJ 34233 70 8 ossification ossification NN 34233 70 9 posteriorly posteriorly RB 34233 70 10 . . . 34233 71 1 [ [ -LRB- 34233 71 2 Illustration illustration NN 34233 71 3 : : : 34233 71 4 FIGS FIGS NNP 34233 71 5 . . . 34233 72 1 2 2 CD 34233 72 2 - - SYM 34233 72 3 5 5 CD 34233 72 4 . . . 34233 73 1 Transverse transverse JJ 34233 73 2 sections section NNS 34233 73 3 through through IN 34233 73 4 anterior anterior JJ 34233 73 5 end end NN 34233 73 6 of of IN 34233 73 7 skull skull NN 34233 73 8 : : : 34233 73 9 2 2 LS 34233 73 10 ) ) -RRB- 34233 73 11 anterior anterior JJ 34233 73 12 level level NN 34233 73 13 of of IN 34233 73 14 inferior inferior JJ 34233 73 15 prenasal prenasal NN 34233 73 16 cartilage cartilage NN 34233 73 17 ; ; : 34233 73 18 3 3 LS 34233 73 19 ) ) -RRB- 34233 73 20 anterior anterior JJ 34233 73 21 level level NN 34233 73 22 of of IN 34233 73 23 internasal internasal NN 34233 73 24 septum septum NN 34233 73 25 ; ; : 34233 73 26 4 4 LS 34233 73 27 ) ) -RRB- 34233 73 28 olfactory olfactory JJ 34233 73 29 capsule capsule NN 34233 73 30 at at IN 34233 73 31 anterior anterior JJ 34233 73 32 level level NN 34233 73 33 of of IN 34233 73 34 cavum cavum NN 34233 73 35 principale principale NN 34233 73 36 ; ; : 34233 73 37 5 5 LS 34233 73 38 ) ) -RRB- 34233 73 39 olfactory olfactory JJ 34233 73 40 capsule capsule NN 34233 73 41 at at IN 34233 73 42 anterior anterior JJ 34233 73 43 level level NN 34233 73 44 of of IN 34233 73 45 cavum cavum NN 34233 73 46 inferior inferior JJ 34233 73 47 . . . 34233 74 1 Abbreviations abbreviation NNS 34233 74 2 : : : 34233 74 3 _ _ NNP 34233 74 4 al al NNP 34233 74 5 . . . 34233 75 1 c. c. NNP 34233 75 2 _ _ NNP 34233 75 3 , , , 34233 75 4 alary alary JJ 34233 75 5 cartilage cartilage NN 34233 75 6 ; ; : 34233 75 7 _ _ NNP 34233 75 8 al al NNP 34233 75 9 . . . 34233 76 1 proc proc NNS 34233 76 2 . . . 34233 76 3 _ _ NNP 34233 76 4 , , , 34233 76 5 alary alary JJ 34233 76 6 process process NN 34233 76 7 of of IN 34233 76 8 premaxillary premaxillary NN 34233 76 9 ; ; : 34233 76 10 _ _ NNP 34233 76 11 cav cav NNP 34233 76 12 . . . 34233 77 1 med med NNP 34233 77 2 . . . 34233 77 3 _ _ NNP 34233 77 4 , , , 34233 77 5 cavum cavum VB 34233 77 6 medium medium NN 34233 77 7 ; ; : 34233 77 8 _ _ NNP 34233 77 9 cav cav NNP 34233 77 10 . . . 34233 78 1 prin prin NNP 34233 78 2 . . . 34233 78 3 _ _ NNP 34233 78 4 , , , 34233 78 5 cavum cavum VB 34233 78 6 principale principale NN 34233 78 7 ; ; : 34233 78 8 _ _ NNP 34233 78 9 cr cr NNP 34233 78 10 . . . 34233 79 1 int int UH 34233 79 2 . . . 34233 79 3 _ _ NNP 34233 79 4 , , , 34233 79 5 crista crista NNP 34233 79 6 intermedia intermedia NNP 34233 79 7 ; ; : 34233 79 8 _ _ NNP 34233 79 9 inf inf NN 34233 79 10 . . . 34233 80 1 pnas pnas NNP 34233 80 2 . . . 34233 81 1 c. c. NNP 34233 81 2 _ _ NNP 34233 81 3 , , , 34233 81 4 inferior inferior JJ 34233 81 5 prenasal prenasal NN 34233 81 6 cartilage cartilage NN 34233 81 7 ; ; : 34233 81 8 _ _ NNP 34233 81 9 l. l. NNP 34233 82 1 inf inf NNP 34233 82 2 . . . 34233 82 3 _ _ NNP 34233 82 4 , , , 34233 82 5 lamina lamina NNP 34233 82 6 inferior inferior JJ 34233 82 7 ; ; : 34233 82 8 _ _ NNP 34233 82 9 l. l. NNP 34233 83 1 sup sup NNP 34233 83 2 . . . 34233 83 3 _ _ NNP 34233 83 4 , , , 34233 83 5 lamina lamina NNP 34233 83 6 superior superior NNP 34233 83 7 ; ; : 34233 83 8 _ _ NNP 34233 83 9 max max NNP 34233 83 10 . . . 34233 83 11 _ _ NNP 34233 83 12 , , , 34233 83 13 maxillary maxillary NNP 34233 83 14 ; ; : 34233 83 15 _ _ NNP 34233 83 16 pmax pmax NNP 34233 83 17 . . . 34233 83 18 _ _ NNP 34233 83 19 , , , 34233 83 20 premaxillary premaxillary NNP 34233 83 21 ; ; : 34233 83 22 _ _ NNP 34233 83 23 r. r. NNP 34233 84 1 etx etx NNP 34233 84 2 . . . 34233 85 1 n. n. NNP 34233 85 2 f. f. NNP 34233 85 3 _ _ NNP 34233 85 4 , , , 34233 85 5 ramus ramus NNP 34233 85 6 externus externus NNP 34233 85 7 narium narium NN 34233 85 8 foramen foraman NNS 34233 85 9 ; ; : 34233 85 10 _ _ NNP 34233 85 11 r. r. NNP 34233 86 1 med med JJ 34233 86 2 . . . 34233 87 1 n. n. NNP 34233 87 2 f. f. NNP 34233 87 3 _ _ NNP 34233 87 4 , , , 34233 87 5 ramus ramus NNP 34233 87 6 medialis medialis NNP 34233 87 7 narium narium NNP 34233 87 8 foramen foraman NNS 34233 87 9 ; ; : 34233 87 10 _ _ NNP 34233 87 11 rec rec NNP 34233 87 12 . . . 34233 88 1 lat lat NNP 34233 88 2 . . NNP 34233 88 3 _ _ NNP 34233 88 4 , , , 34233 88 5 recessus recessus NNP 34233 88 6 lateralis lateralis NNP 34233 88 7 ; ; : 34233 88 8 _ _ NNP 34233 88 9 sept sept NNP 34233 88 10 . . . 34233 89 1 nas nas NNP 34233 89 2 . . NNP 34233 89 3 _ _ NNP 34233 89 4 , , , 34233 89 5 septum septum NN 34233 89 6 nasi nasi NNP 34233 89 7 ; ; : 34233 89 8 _ _ NNP 34233 89 9 sol sol NNP 34233 89 10 . . . 34233 90 1 nas nas NNP 34233 90 2 . . NNP 34233 90 3 _ _ NNP 34233 90 4 , , , 34233 90 5 solum solum NNP 34233 90 6 nasi nasi NNP 34233 90 7 ; ; : 34233 90 8 _ _ NNP 34233 90 9 spmx spmx NN 34233 90 10 . . . 34233 90 11 _ _ NNP 34233 90 12 , , , 34233 90 13 septomaxilla septomaxilla NNP 34233 90 14 ; ; : 34233 90 15 _ _ NNP 34233 90 16 tect tect NN 34233 90 17 . . . 34233 91 1 nas nas NNP 34233 91 2 . . NNP 34233 91 3 _ _ NNP 34233 91 4 , , , 34233 91 5 tectum tectum NN 34233 91 6 nasi nasi NNP 34233 91 7 . . . 34233 91 8 ] ] -RRB- 34233 92 1 [ [ -LRB- 34233 92 2 Illustration illustration NN 34233 92 3 : : : 34233 92 4 FIGS FIGS NNP 34233 92 5 . . . 34233 93 1 6 6 CD 34233 93 2 - - SYM 34233 93 3 7 7 CD 34233 93 4 . . . 34233 94 1 Transverse transverse JJ 34233 94 2 sections section NNS 34233 94 3 through through IN 34233 94 4 olfactory olfactory JJ 34233 94 5 capsule capsule NN 34233 94 6 : : : 34233 94 7 6 6 LS 34233 94 8 ) ) -RRB- 34233 94 9 posterior posterior JJ 34233 94 10 level level NN 34233 94 11 of of IN 34233 94 12 cavum cavum NN 34233 94 13 medium medium NN 34233 94 14 ; ; : 34233 94 15 7 7 LS 34233 94 16 ) ) -RRB- 34233 94 17 anterior anterior JJ 34233 94 18 level level NN 34233 94 19 of of IN 34233 94 20 prevomer prevomer NN 34233 94 21 . . . 34233 95 1 Abbreviations abbreviation NNS 34233 95 2 : : : 34233 95 3 _ _ NNP 34233 95 4 cav cav NNP 34233 95 5 . . . 34233 96 1 inf inf NNP 34233 96 2 . . . 34233 96 3 _ _ NNP 34233 96 4 , , , 34233 96 5 cavum cavum NNP 34233 96 6 inferius inferius NN 34233 96 7 ; ; : 34233 96 8 _ _ NNP 34233 96 9 cav cav NNP 34233 96 10 . . . 34233 97 1 med med NNP 34233 97 2 . . . 34233 97 3 _ _ NNP 34233 97 4 , , , 34233 97 5 cavum cavum VB 34233 97 6 medium medium NN 34233 97 7 ; ; : 34233 97 8 _ _ NNP 34233 97 9 cav cav NNP 34233 97 10 . . . 34233 98 1 prin prin NNP 34233 98 2 . . . 34233 98 3 _ _ NNP 34233 98 4 , , , 34233 98 5 cavum cavum VB 34233 98 6 principale principale NN 34233 98 7 ; ; : 34233 98 8 _ _ NNP 34233 98 9 cr cr NNP 34233 98 10 . . . 34233 99 1 sub sub NNP 34233 99 2 . . NNP 34233 99 3 _ _ NNP 34233 99 4 , , , 34233 99 5 crista crista NNP 34233 99 6 subnasalis subnasalis NNPS 34233 99 7 ; ; : 34233 99 8 _ _ NNP 34233 99 9 ext ext NNP 34233 99 10 . . . 34233 100 1 nar nar NNP 34233 100 2 . . . 34233 100 3 _ _ NNP 34233 100 4 , , , 34233 100 5 external external JJ 34233 100 6 nares naris NNS 34233 100 7 ; ; : 34233 100 8 _ _ NNP 34233 100 9 inf inf NN 34233 100 10 . . . 34233 100 11 _ _ NNP 34233 100 12 , , , 34233 100 13 infundibulum infundibulum NN 34233 100 14 ; ; : 34233 100 15 _ _ NNP 34233 100 16 inf inf NN 34233 100 17 . . . 34233 101 1 pnas pnas NNP 34233 101 2 . . . 34233 102 1 c. c. NNP 34233 102 2 _ _ NNP 34233 102 3 , , , 34233 102 4 inferior inferior JJ 34233 102 5 prenasal prenasal NN 34233 102 6 cartilage cartilage NN 34233 102 7 ; ; : 34233 102 8 _ _ NNP 34233 102 9 l. l. NNP 34233 103 1 inf inf NNP 34233 103 2 . . . 34233 103 3 _ _ NNP 34233 103 4 , , , 34233 103 5 lamina lamina NNP 34233 103 6 inferior inferior JJ 34233 103 7 ; ; : 34233 103 8 _ _ NNP 34233 103 9 l. l. NNP 34233 104 1 sup sup NNP 34233 104 2 . . . 34233 104 3 _ _ NNP 34233 104 4 , , , 34233 104 5 lamina lamina NNP 34233 104 6 superior superior NNP 34233 104 7 ; ; : 34233 104 8 _ _ NNP 34233 104 9 max max NNP 34233 104 10 . . . 34233 104 11 _ _ NNP 34233 104 12 , , , 34233 104 13 maxillary maxillary NNP 34233 104 14 ; ; : 34233 104 15 _ _ NNP 34233 104 16 nas nas NNP 34233 104 17 . . . 34233 104 18 _ _ NNP 34233 104 19 , , , 34233 104 20 nasal nasal NN 34233 104 21 ; ; : 34233 104 22 _ _ NNP 34233 104 23 ncl ncl NNP 34233 104 24 . . . 34233 105 1 dt dt NNP 34233 105 2 . . . 34233 105 3 _ _ NNP 34233 105 4 , , , 34233 105 5 nasolacrimal nasolacrimal JJ 34233 105 6 duct duct NN 34233 105 7 ; ; : 34233 105 8 _ _ NNP 34233 105 9 obl obl NNP 34233 105 10 . . . 34233 106 1 c. c. NNP 34233 106 2 _ _ NNP 34233 106 3 , , , 34233 106 4 oblique oblique JJ 34233 106 5 cartilage cartilage NN 34233 106 6 ; ; : 34233 106 7 _ _ NNP 34233 106 8 p. p. NN 34233 107 1 fac fac NNP 34233 107 2 . . . 34233 107 3 _ _ NNP 34233 107 4 , , , 34233 107 5 pars par NNS 34233 107 6 facialis faciali NNS 34233 107 7 ; ; : 34233 107 8 _ _ NNP 34233 107 9 p. p. NN 34233 108 1 pal pal NNP 34233 108 2 . . . 34233 108 3 _ _ NNP 34233 108 4 , , , 34233 108 5 pars par NNS 34233 108 6 palatina palatina NN 34233 108 7 ; ; : 34233 108 8 _ _ NNP 34233 108 9 pvom pvom NNS 34233 108 10 . . . 34233 108 11 _ _ NNP 34233 108 12 , , , 34233 108 13 prevomer prevomer NN 34233 108 14 ; ; : 34233 108 15 _ _ NNP 34233 108 16 rec rec NNP 34233 108 17 . . . 34233 109 1 med med NNP 34233 109 2 . . . 34233 109 3 _ _ NNP 34233 109 4 , , , 34233 109 5 recessus recessus NNP 34233 109 6 medialis medialis NNP 34233 109 7 ; ; : 34233 109 8 _ _ NNP 34233 109 9 sept sept NNP 34233 109 10 . . . 34233 110 1 nas nas NNP 34233 110 2 . . NNP 34233 110 3 _ _ NNP 34233 110 4 , , , 34233 110 5 septum septum NN 34233 110 6 nasi nasi NNP 34233 110 7 ; ; : 34233 110 8 _ _ NNP 34233 110 9 sol sol NNP 34233 110 10 . . . 34233 111 1 nas nas NNP 34233 111 2 . . NNP 34233 111 3 _ _ NNP 34233 111 4 , , , 34233 111 5 solum solum NNP 34233 111 6 nasi nasi NNP 34233 111 7 ; ; : 34233 111 8 _ _ NNP 34233 111 9 spmax spmax NNP 34233 111 10 . . . 34233 111 11 _ _ NNP 34233 111 12 , , , 34233 111 13 septomaxillary septomaxillary NN 34233 111 14 ; ; : 34233 111 15 _ _ NNP 34233 111 16 tect tect NN 34233 111 17 . . . 34233 112 1 nas nas NNP 34233 112 2 . . NNP 34233 112 3 _ _ NNP 34233 112 4 , , , 34233 112 5 tectum tectum NN 34233 112 6 nasi nasi NNP 34233 112 7 . . . 34233 112 8 ] ] -RRB- 34233 113 1 _ _ NNP 34233 113 2 Nasal Nasal NNP 34233 113 3 cavities cavity NNS 34233 113 4 and and CC 34233 113 5 associated associate VBN 34233 113 6 structures._--The structures._--the IN 34233 113 7 cavum cavum NN 34233 113 8 principale principale NN 34233 113 9 ( ( -LRB- 34233 113 10 _ _ NNP 34233 113 11 cav cav NNP 34233 113 12 . . . 34233 114 1 prin prin NNP 34233 114 2 . . . 34233 114 3 _ _ NNP 34233 114 4 , , , 34233 114 5 Fig Fig NNP 34233 114 6 . . . 34233 115 1 4 4 LS 34233 115 2 ) ) -RRB- 34233 115 3 is be VBZ 34233 115 4 the the DT 34233 115 5 most most JJS 34233 115 6 anterior anterior NN 34233 115 7 of of IN 34233 115 8 the the DT 34233 115 9 nasal nasal NN 34233 115 10 cavities cavity NNS 34233 115 11 . . . 34233 116 1 It -PRON- PRP 34233 116 2 first first RB 34233 116 3 appears appear VBZ 34233 116 4 within within IN 34233 116 5 the the DT 34233 116 6 capsule capsule NN 34233 116 7 bordered border VBN 34233 116 8 dorsally dorsally RB 34233 116 9 by by IN 34233 116 10 the the DT 34233 116 11 tectum tectum NN 34233 116 12 nasi nasi NNP 34233 116 13 , , , 34233 116 14 medially medially RB 34233 116 15 and and CC 34233 116 16 ventrally ventrally RB 34233 116 17 by by IN 34233 116 18 the the DT 34233 116 19 septum septum NN 34233 116 20 nasi nasi NNP 34233 116 21 , , , 34233 116 22 and and CC 34233 116 23 laterally laterally RB 34233 116 24 by by IN 34233 116 25 the the DT 34233 116 26 alary alary JJ 34233 116 27 cartilage cartilage NN 34233 116 28 . . . 34233 117 1 The the DT 34233 117 2 cavity cavity NN 34233 117 3 extends extend VBZ 34233 117 4 posteriorly posteriorly RB 34233 117 5 within within IN 34233 117 6 recesses recess NNS 34233 117 7 of of IN 34233 117 8 the the DT 34233 117 9 sphenethmoid sphenethmoid NN 34233 117 10 to to IN 34233 117 11 the the DT 34233 117 12 level level NN 34233 117 13 at at IN 34233 117 14 which which WDT 34233 117 15 the the DT 34233 117 16 septum septum NN 34233 117 17 nasi nasi NNP 34233 117 18 terminates terminate NNS 34233 117 19 . . . 34233 118 1 The the DT 34233 118 2 cavum cavum NN 34233 118 3 medium medium NN 34233 118 4 ( ( -LRB- 34233 118 5 _ _ NNP 34233 118 6 cav cav NNP 34233 118 7 . . . 34233 119 1 med med JJ 34233 119 2 . . . 34233 119 3 _ _ NNP 34233 119 4 , , , 34233 119 5 Fig Fig NNP 34233 119 6 . . . 34233 120 1 5 5 LS 34233 120 2 ) ) -RRB- 34233 120 3 lies lie VBZ 34233 120 4 ventral ventral JJ 34233 120 5 and and CC 34233 120 6 slightly slightly RB 34233 120 7 posterior posterior RB 34233 120 8 to to IN 34233 120 9 the the DT 34233 120 10 anterior anterior JJ 34233 120 11 end end NN 34233 120 12 of of IN 34233 120 13 the the DT 34233 120 14 cavum cavum NN 34233 120 15 principale principale NN 34233 120 16 . . . 34233 121 1 It -PRON- PRP 34233 121 2 appears appear VBZ 34233 121 3 slightly slightly RB 34233 121 4 anterior anterior JJ 34233 121 5 to to IN 34233 121 6 the the DT 34233 121 7 septomaxillary septomaxillary NN 34233 121 8 at at IN 34233 121 9 the the DT 34233 121 10 level level NN 34233 121 11 of of IN 34233 121 12 the the DT 34233 121 13 foramen foramen NNP 34233 121 14 ramus ramus NNP 34233 121 15 externus externus NNP 34233 121 16 narium narium NNP 34233 121 17 and and CC 34233 121 18 ramus ramus NNP 34233 121 19 medialis medialis NNP 34233 121 20 narium narium NNP 34233 121 21 . . . 34233 122 1 The the DT 34233 122 2 appearance appearance NN 34233 122 3 of of IN 34233 122 4 the the DT 34233 122 5 cavum cavum NN 34233 122 6 medium medium NN 34233 122 7 within within IN 34233 122 8 the the DT 34233 122 9 ventrolateral ventrolateral JJ 34233 122 10 extension extension NN 34233 122 11 of of IN 34233 122 12 the the DT 34233 122 13 septum septum NN 34233 122 14 nasi nasi NNP 34233 122 15 divides divide VBZ 34233 122 16 the the DT 34233 122 17 latter latter JJ 34233 122 18 into into IN 34233 122 19 an an DT 34233 122 20 upper upper JJ 34233 122 21 component component NN 34233 122 22 , , , 34233 122 23 the the DT 34233 122 24 lamina lamina NNP 34233 122 25 superior superior NNP 34233 122 26 ( ( -LRB- 34233 122 27 _ _ NNP 34233 122 28 l l NNP 34233 122 29 . . . 34233 123 1 sup sup NNP 34233 123 2 . . NNP 34233 123 3 _ _ NNP 34233 123 4 ) ) -RRB- 34233 123 5 lying lie VBG 34233 123 6 between between IN 34233 123 7 the the DT 34233 123 8 cavum cavum NNP 34233 123 9 principale principale NN 34233 123 10 and and CC 34233 123 11 cavum cavum VB 34233 123 12 medium medium NN 34233 123 13 , , , 34233 123 14 and and CC 34233 123 15 a a DT 34233 123 16 lower low JJR 34233 123 17 part part NN 34233 123 18 , , , 34233 123 19 the the DT 34233 123 20 lamina lamina NNP 34233 123 21 inferior inferior NNP 34233 123 22 ( ( -LRB- 34233 123 23 _ _ NNP 34233 123 24 l l NNP 34233 123 25 . . . 34233 124 1 inf inf NNP 34233 124 2 . . . 34233 124 3 _ _ NNP 34233 124 4 ) ) -RRB- 34233 124 5 lying lie VBG 34233 124 6 ventral ventral JJ 34233 124 7 to to IN 34233 124 8 the the DT 34233 124 9 cavum cavum NNP 34233 124 10 medium medium NN 34233 124 11 . . . 34233 125 1 As as IN 34233 125 2 the the DT 34233 125 3 cavum cavum JJ 34233 125 4 medium medium JJ 34233 125 5 increases increase NNS 34233 125 6 in in IN 34233 125 7 width width NN 34233 125 8 in in IN 34233 125 9 posterior posterior JJ 34233 125 10 sections section NNS 34233 125 11 , , , 34233 125 12 the the DT 34233 125 13 lamina lamina NNP 34233 125 14 superior superior NNP 34233 125 15 and and CC 34233 125 16 lamina lamina NNP 34233 125 17 inferior inferior NNP 34233 125 18 lose lose VB 34233 125 19 their -PRON- PRP$ 34233 125 20 lateral lateral JJ 34233 125 21 connection connection NN 34233 125 22 . . . 34233 126 1 The the DT 34233 126 2 lateral lateral JJ 34233 126 3 part part NN 34233 126 4 of of IN 34233 126 5 the the DT 34233 126 6 cavum cavum JJ 34233 126 7 medium medium NN 34233 126 8 diverges diverge NNS 34233 126 9 in in IN 34233 126 10 the the DT 34233 126 11 region region NN 34233 126 12 of of IN 34233 126 13 the the DT 34233 126 14 external external JJ 34233 126 15 nares naris NNS 34233 126 16 as as IN 34233 126 17 the the DT 34233 126 18 nasolacrimal nasolacrimal JJ 34233 126 19 duct duct NN 34233 126 20 ( ( -LRB- 34233 126 21 _ _ NNP 34233 126 22 ncl ncl NNP 34233 126 23 . . . 34233 127 1 dt dt NNP 34233 127 2 . . . 34233 127 3 _ _ NNP 34233 127 4 ) ) -RRB- 34233 127 5 and and CC 34233 127 6 the the DT 34233 127 7 cavum cavum NNP 34233 127 8 medium medium NN 34233 127 9 becomes become VBZ 34233 127 10 confluent confluent NN 34233 127 11 with with IN 34233 127 12 the the DT 34233 127 13 cavum cavum NN 34233 127 14 principale principale NN 34233 127 15 ( ( -LRB- 34233 127 16 Fig fig NN 34233 127 17 . . . 34233 128 1 6 6 LS 34233 128 2 ) ) -RRB- 34233 128 3 . . . 34233 129 1 The the DT 34233 129 2 posterior posterior JJ 34233 129 3 end end NN 34233 129 4 of of IN 34233 129 5 the the DT 34233 129 6 cavum cavum NN 34233 129 7 medium medium NN 34233 129 8 lies lie VBZ 34233 129 9 at at IN 34233 129 10 the the DT 34233 129 11 level level NN 34233 129 12 of of IN 34233 129 13 the the DT 34233 129 14 posterior posterior JJ 34233 129 15 terminus terminus NN 34233 129 16 of of IN 34233 129 17 the the DT 34233 129 18 septomaxillary septomaxillary NN 34233 129 19 . . . 34233 130 1 Slightly slightly RB 34233 130 2 posterior posterior RB 34233 130 3 to to IN 34233 130 4 the the DT 34233 130 5 anterior anterior JJ 34233 130 6 end end NN 34233 130 7 of of IN 34233 130 8 the the DT 34233 130 9 cavum cavum NN 34233 130 10 medium medium NN 34233 130 11 the the DT 34233 130 12 foramen foraman NNS 34233 130 13 for for IN 34233 130 14 the the DT 34233 130 15 ramus ramus NNP 34233 130 16 externus externus NNP 34233 130 17 narium narium NNP 34233 130 18 ( ( -LRB- 34233 130 19 _ _ NNP 34233 130 20 r r NNP 34233 130 21 . . . 34233 131 1 ext ext UH 34233 131 2 . . . 34233 132 1 n. n. NNP 34233 132 2 f. f. NNP 34233 132 3 _ _ NNP 34233 132 4 ) ) -RRB- 34233 132 5 and and CC 34233 132 6 ramus ramus NNP 34233 132 7 medialis medialis NNP 34233 132 8 narium narium NNP 34233 132 9 ( ( -LRB- 34233 132 10 _ _ NNP 34233 132 11 r r NNP 34233 132 12 . . . 34233 133 1 med med JJ 34233 133 2 . . . 34233 134 1 n. n. NNP 34233 134 2 f. f. NNP 34233 134 3 _ _ NNP 34233 134 4 ) ) -RRB- 34233 134 5 opens open VBZ 34233 134 6 ventromedially ventromedially RB 34233 134 7 into into IN 34233 134 8 the the DT 34233 134 9 floor floor NN 34233 134 10 of of IN 34233 134 11 the the DT 34233 134 12 septum septum NN 34233 134 13 nasi nasi NN 34233 134 14 ( ( -LRB- 34233 134 15 Fig fig NN 34233 134 16 . . . 34233 135 1 4 4 LS 34233 135 2 ) ) -RRB- 34233 135 3 . . . 34233 136 1 The the DT 34233 136 2 ventral ventral JJ 34233 136 3 closure closure NN 34233 136 4 of of IN 34233 136 5 the the DT 34233 136 6 floor floor NN 34233 136 7 of of IN 34233 136 8 the the DT 34233 136 9 foramen foraman NNS 34233 136 10 completes complete VBZ 34233 136 11 the the DT 34233 136 12 solum solum NNP 34233 136 13 nasi nasi NNP 34233 136 14 , , , 34233 136 15 marks mark VBZ 34233 136 16 the the DT 34233 136 17 anterior anterior JJ 34233 136 18 end end NN 34233 136 19 of of IN 34233 136 20 the the DT 34233 136 21 recessus recessus NNP 34233 136 22 medialis medialis NNP 34233 136 23 of of IN 34233 136 24 the the DT 34233 136 25 cavum cavum NNP 34233 136 26 inferior inferior NNP 34233 136 27 , , , 34233 136 28 and and CC 34233 136 29 differentiates differentiate VBZ 34233 136 30 the the DT 34233 136 31 roof roof NN 34233 136 32 of of IN 34233 136 33 the the DT 34233 136 34 recess recess NN 34233 136 35 , , , 34233 136 36 the the DT 34233 136 37 crista crista NNS 34233 136 38 intermedia intermedia NNP 34233 136 39 ( ( -LRB- 34233 136 40 _ _ NNP 34233 136 41 cr cr NNP 34233 136 42 . . . 34233 137 1 int int UH 34233 137 2 . . . 34233 137 3 _ _ NNP 34233 137 4 ) ) -RRB- 34233 137 5 , , , 34233 137 6 from from IN 34233 137 7 the the DT 34233 137 8 solum solum NN 34233 137 9 ( ( -LRB- 34233 137 10 Fig fig NN 34233 137 11 . . . 34233 138 1 5 5 LS 34233 138 2 ) ) -RRB- 34233 138 3 . . . 34233 139 1 The the DT 34233 139 2 crista crista NN 34233 139 3 intermedia intermedia NNP 34233 139 4 joins join VBZ 34233 139 5 the the DT 34233 139 6 laminae laminae NNP 34233 139 7 superior superior NNP 34233 139 8 and and CC 34233 139 9 inferior inferior JJ 34233 139 10 and and CC 34233 139 11 joins join VBZ 34233 139 12 them -PRON- PRP 34233 139 13 for for IN 34233 139 14 a a DT 34233 139 15 short short JJ 34233 139 16 distance distance NN 34233 139 17 to to IN 34233 139 18 the the DT 34233 139 19 septum septum NN 34233 139 20 nasi nasi NNP 34233 139 21 medially medially RB 34233 139 22 . . . 34233 140 1 The the DT 34233 140 2 anterolateral anterolateral JJ 34233 140 3 part part NN 34233 140 4 of of IN 34233 140 5 the the DT 34233 140 6 cavum cavum NNP 34233 140 7 inferior inferior NNP 34233 140 8 ( ( -LRB- 34233 140 9 _ _ NNP 34233 140 10 cav cav NNP 34233 140 11 . . . 34233 141 1 inf inf NNP 34233 141 2 . . . 34233 141 3 _ _ NNP 34233 141 4 ) ) -RRB- 34233 141 5 lies lie VBZ 34233 141 6 ventrolateral ventrolateral JJ 34233 141 7 to to IN 34233 141 8 the the DT 34233 141 9 cavum cavum NNP 34233 141 10 medium medium NN 34233 141 11 , , , 34233 141 12 and and CC 34233 141 13 extends extend VBZ 34233 141 14 medially medially RB 34233 141 15 to to TO 34233 141 16 join join VB 34233 141 17 the the DT 34233 141 18 medial medial JJ 34233 141 19 recess recess NN 34233 141 20 . . . 34233 142 1 The the DT 34233 142 2 fusion fusion NN 34233 142 3 of of IN 34233 142 4 the the DT 34233 142 5 two two CD 34233 142 6 recesses recess NNS 34233 142 7 of of IN 34233 142 8 the the DT 34233 142 9 cavum cavum NN 34233 142 10 inferior inferior JJ 34233 142 11 completely completely RB 34233 142 12 separates separate VBZ 34233 142 13 the the DT 34233 142 14 lamina lamina NN 34233 142 15 inferior inferior JJ 34233 142 16 from from IN 34233 142 17 the the DT 34233 142 18 solum solum NN 34233 142 19 nasi nasi NN 34233 142 20 ( ( -LRB- 34233 142 21 Fig fig NN 34233 142 22 . . . 34233 143 1 6 6 LS 34233 143 2 ) ) -RRB- 34233 143 3 . . . 34233 144 1 Near near IN 34233 144 2 the the DT 34233 144 3 level level NN 34233 144 4 of of IN 34233 144 5 the the DT 34233 144 6 union union NN 34233 144 7 of of IN 34233 144 8 the the DT 34233 144 9 recessus recessus NNP 34233 144 10 lateralis lateralis NNP 34233 144 11 and and CC 34233 144 12 recessus recessus NNP 34233 144 13 medialis medialis NNP 34233 144 14 of of IN 34233 144 15 the the DT 34233 144 16 cavum cavum NNP 34233 144 17 inferior inferior NNP 34233 144 18 , , , 34233 144 19 the the DT 34233 144 20 crista crista NN 34233 144 21 intermedia intermedia NNP 34233 144 22 separates separate NNS 34233 144 23 from from IN 34233 144 24 the the DT 34233 144 25 septum septum NN 34233 144 26 nasi nasi NNP 34233 144 27 , , , 34233 144 28 and and CC 34233 144 29 the the DT 34233 144 30 lamina lamina NNP 34233 144 31 superior superior JJ 34233 144 32 diverges diverge VBZ 34233 144 33 at at IN 34233 144 34 its -PRON- PRP$ 34233 144 35 mid mid JJ 34233 144 36 - - NN 34233 144 37 width width NN 34233 144 38 to to TO 34233 144 39 accommodate accommodate VB 34233 144 40 the the DT 34233 144 41 septomaxillary septomaxillary NN 34233 144 42 ( ( -LRB- 34233 144 43 _ _ NNP 34233 144 44 spmax spmax NNP 34233 144 45 . . . 34233 144 46 _ _ NNP 34233 144 47 ) ) -RRB- 34233 144 48 ( ( -LRB- 34233 144 49 Figs fig NNS 34233 144 50 . . . 34233 145 1 5 5 CD 34233 145 2 and and CC 34233 145 3 6 6 CD 34233 145 4 ) ) -RRB- 34233 145 5 . . . 34233 146 1 The the DT 34233 146 2 lateral lateral JJ 34233 146 3 remnant remnant NN 34233 146 4 of of IN 34233 146 5 the the DT 34233 146 6 lamina lamina NNP 34233 146 7 superior superior NNP 34233 146 8 and and CC 34233 146 9 transition transition NN 34233 146 10 zone zone NN 34233 146 11 between between IN 34233 146 12 the the DT 34233 146 13 lamina lamina NNP 34233 146 14 superior superior NNP 34233 146 15 and and CC 34233 146 16 lamina lamina NNP 34233 146 17 inferior inferior NNP 34233 146 18 is be VBZ 34233 146 19 short short JJ 34233 146 20 and and CC 34233 146 21 is be VBZ 34233 146 22 quickly quickly RB 34233 146 23 replaced replace VBN 34233 146 24 by by IN 34233 146 25 connective connective JJ 34233 146 26 tissue tissue NN 34233 146 27 . . . 34233 147 1 Slightly slightly RB 34233 147 2 posterior posterior NN 34233 147 3 , , , 34233 147 4 the the DT 34233 147 5 distal distal JJ 34233 147 6 edge edge NN 34233 147 7 of of IN 34233 147 8 the the DT 34233 147 9 lamina lamina NNP 34233 147 10 inferior inferior JJ 34233 147 11 diverges diverge VBZ 34233 147 12 laterally laterally RB 34233 147 13 as as IN 34233 147 14 a a DT 34233 147 15 small small JJ 34233 147 16 process process NN 34233 147 17 , , , 34233 147 18 which which WDT 34233 147 19 lies lie VBZ 34233 147 20 dorsal dorsal NN 34233 147 21 to to IN 34233 147 22 the the DT 34233 147 23 pars par NNS 34233 147 24 facialis facialis NNP 34233 147 25 ( ( -LRB- 34233 147 26 _ _ NNP 34233 147 27 p p NNP 34233 147 28 . . . 34233 148 1 fac fac NNP 34233 148 2 . . . 34233 148 3 _ _ NNP 34233 148 4 ) ) -RRB- 34233 148 5 of of IN 34233 148 6 the the DT 34233 148 7 maxillary maxillary NN 34233 148 8 . . . 34233 149 1 This this DT 34233 149 2 part part NN 34233 149 3 of of IN 34233 149 4 the the DT 34233 149 5 lamina lamina NNP 34233 149 6 inferior inferior NNP 34233 149 7 terminates terminate NNS 34233 149 8 posteriorly posteriorly RB 34233 149 9 at at IN 34233 149 10 the the DT 34233 149 11 level level NN 34233 149 12 of of IN 34233 149 13 confluence confluence NN 34233 149 14 between between IN 34233 149 15 the the DT 34233 149 16 cavum cavum NNP 34233 149 17 principale principale NN 34233 149 18 and and CC 34233 149 19 lateral lateral JJ 34233 149 20 recess recess NN 34233 149 21 of of IN 34233 149 22 the the DT 34233 149 23 cavum cavum NN 34233 149 24 inferior inferior JJ 34233 149 25 . . . 34233 150 1 Slightly slightly RB 34233 150 2 posterior posterior RB 34233 150 3 to to IN 34233 150 4 the the DT 34233 150 5 divergence divergence NN 34233 150 6 of of IN 34233 150 7 the the DT 34233 150 8 crista crista NNS 34233 150 9 intermedia intermedia NNP 34233 150 10 from from IN 34233 150 11 the the DT 34233 150 12 septum septum NN 34233 150 13 nasi nasi NNP 34233 150 14 , , , 34233 150 15 the the DT 34233 150 16 crista crista NN 34233 150 17 terminates terminate NNS 34233 150 18 , , , 34233 150 19 thereby thereby RB 34233 150 20 separating separate VBG 34233 150 21 the the DT 34233 150 22 lamina lamina NNP 34233 150 23 superior superior NNP 34233 150 24 and and CC 34233 150 25 the the DT 34233 150 26 lamina lamina NNP 34233 150 27 inferior inferior JJ 34233 150 28 from from IN 34233 150 29 one one CD 34233 150 30 another another DT 34233 150 31 ( ( -LRB- 34233 150 32 Figs fig NNS 34233 150 33 . . . 34233 151 1 6 6 CD 34233 151 2 and and CC 34233 151 3 8) 8) CD 34233 151 4 . . . 34233 152 1 The the DT 34233 152 2 lamina lamina NN 34233 152 3 superior superior JJ 34233 152 4 terminates terminate NNS 34233 152 5 at at IN 34233 152 6 the the DT 34233 152 7 level level NN 34233 152 8 of of IN 34233 152 9 the the DT 34233 152 10 infundibulum infundibulum NN 34233 152 11 ( ( -LRB- 34233 152 12 _ _ NNP 34233 152 13 inf inf NN 34233 152 14 . . . 34233 152 15 _ _ NNP 34233 152 16 , , , 34233 152 17 Fig Fig NNP 34233 152 18 . . . 34233 153 1 7 7 LS 34233 153 2 ) ) -RRB- 34233 153 3 , , , 34233 153 4 whereas whereas IN 34233 153 5 the the DT 34233 153 6 lamina lamina NNP 34233 153 7 inferior inferior NNP 34233 153 8 extends extend VBZ 34233 153 9 posterolaterally posterolaterally RB 34233 153 10 , , , 34233 153 11 increases increase VBZ 34233 153 12 greatly greatly RB 34233 153 13 in in IN 34233 153 14 depth depth NN 34233 153 15 and and CC 34233 153 16 joins join VBZ 34233 153 17 the the DT 34233 153 18 laterally laterally RB 34233 153 19 ascending ascend VBG 34233 153 20 oblique oblique JJ 34233 153 21 cartilage cartilage NN 34233 153 22 ( ( -LRB- 34233 153 23 _ _ NNP 34233 153 24 obl obl NNP 34233 153 25 . . . 34233 154 1 c. c. NNP 34233 154 2 _ _ NNP 34233 154 3 ) ) -RRB- 34233 154 4 to to TO 34233 154 5 form form VB 34233 154 6 the the DT 34233 154 7 planum planum JJ 34233 154 8 terminale terminale NN 34233 154 9 ( ( -LRB- 34233 154 10 _ _ NNP 34233 154 11 pla pla NNP 34233 154 12 . . . 34233 155 1 ter ter NN 34233 155 2 . . . 34233 155 3 _ _ NNP 34233 155 4 , , , 34233 155 5 Fig Fig NNP 34233 155 6 . . . 34233 156 1 10 10 LS 34233 156 2 ) ) -RRB- 34233 156 3 . . . 34233 157 1 The the DT 34233 157 2 crista crista NN 34233 157 3 subnasalis subnasali VBZ 34233 157 4 ( ( -LRB- 34233 157 5 _ _ NNP 34233 157 6 cr cr NNP 34233 157 7 . . . 34233 158 1 sub sub NNP 34233 158 2 . . NNP 34233 158 3 _ _ NNP 34233 158 4 , , , 34233 158 5 Fig Fig NNP 34233 158 6 . . . 34233 159 1 6 6 LS 34233 159 2 ) ) -RRB- 34233 159 3 differentiates differentiate VBZ 34233 159 4 from from IN 34233 159 5 the the DT 34233 159 6 lateral lateral JJ 34233 159 7 edge edge NN 34233 159 8 of of IN 34233 159 9 solum solum NNP 34233 159 10 nasi nasi NNP 34233 159 11 adjacent adjacent NNP 34233 159 12 to to IN 34233 159 13 the the DT 34233 159 14 maxillary maxillary NN 34233 159 15 in in IN 34233 159 16 sections section NNS 34233 159 17 just just RB 34233 159 18 posterior posterior RB 34233 159 19 to to IN 34233 159 20 the the DT 34233 159 21 confluence confluence NN 34233 159 22 of of IN 34233 159 23 the the DT 34233 159 24 recessus recessus NNP 34233 159 25 medialis medialis NNP 34233 159 26 and and CC 34233 159 27 the the DT 34233 159 28 recessus recessus NNP 34233 159 29 lateralis lateralis NNP 34233 159 30 . . . 34233 160 1 The the DT 34233 160 2 crista crista NN 34233 160 3 persists persist VBZ 34233 160 4 as as IN 34233 160 5 a a DT 34233 160 6 rod rod NN 34233 160 7 of of IN 34233 160 8 cartilage cartilage NN 34233 160 9 which which WDT 34233 160 10 gradually gradually RB 34233 160 11 diminishes diminish VBZ 34233 160 12 in in IN 34233 160 13 size size NN 34233 160 14 and and CC 34233 160 15 terminates terminate NNS 34233 160 16 at at IN 34233 160 17 the the DT 34233 160 18 posterior posterior JJ 34233 160 19 level level NN 34233 160 20 of of IN 34233 160 21 the the DT 34233 160 22 septomaxillary septomaxillary NN 34233 160 23 . . . 34233 161 1 _ _ NNP 34233 161 2 The the DT 34233 161 3 septomaxillary._--The septomaxillary._--The NNP 34233 161 4 septomaxillary septomaxillary NN 34233 161 5 ( ( -LRB- 34233 161 6 _ _ NNP 34233 161 7 spmax spmax NNP 34233 161 8 . . . 34233 161 9 _ _ NNP 34233 161 10 , , , 34233 161 11 Fig Fig NNP 34233 161 12 . . . 34233 162 1 9a 9a NNP 34233 162 2 - - HYPH 34233 162 3 c c NN 34233 162 4 ) ) -RRB- 34233 162 5 is be VBZ 34233 162 6 a a DT 34233 162 7 triradiate triradiate NN 34233 162 8 bone bone NN 34233 162 9 . . . 34233 163 1 The the DT 34233 163 2 anterior anterior JJ 34233 163 3 terminus terminus NN 34233 163 4 is be VBZ 34233 163 5 a a DT 34233 163 6 thin thin JJ 34233 163 7 sliver sliver NN 34233 163 8 of of IN 34233 163 9 bone bone NN 34233 163 10 oriented orient VBN 34233 163 11 horizontally horizontally RB 34233 163 12 between between IN 34233 163 13 the the DT 34233 163 14 cavum cavum NN 34233 163 15 principale principale NN 34233 163 16 and and CC 34233 163 17 cavum cavum VB 34233 163 18 medium medium NN 34233 163 19 and and CC 34233 163 20 lateral lateral JJ 34233 163 21 to to IN 34233 163 22 the the DT 34233 163 23 lamina lamina NN 34233 163 24 superior superior NNP 34233 163 25 ( ( -LRB- 34233 163 26 Figs fig NNS 34233 163 27 . . . 34233 164 1 5 5 CD 34233 164 2 and and CC 34233 164 3 8a 8a NNP 34233 164 4 ) ) -RRB- 34233 164 5 . . . 34233 165 1 This this DT 34233 165 2 anterior anterior JJ 34233 165 3 ramus ramus NN 34233 165 4 of of IN 34233 165 5 the the DT 34233 165 6 septomaxillary septomaxillary JJ 34233 165 7 increases increase NNS 34233 165 8 in in IN 34233 165 9 size size NN 34233 165 10 posteriorly posteriorly RB 34233 165 11 and and CC 34233 165 12 diverges diverge VBZ 34233 165 13 medially medially RB 34233 165 14 into into IN 34233 165 15 a a DT 34233 165 16 medial medial JJ 34233 165 17 ramus ramus NN 34233 165 18 ( ( -LRB- 34233 165 19 _ _ NNP 34233 165 20 med med NNP 34233 165 21 . . . 34233 166 1 r. r. NNP 34233 166 2 spmax spmax NNP 34233 166 3 . . . 34233 166 4 _ _ NNP 34233 166 5 ) ) -RRB- 34233 166 6 and and CC 34233 166 7 lateral lateral JJ 34233 166 8 ramus ramus NN 34233 166 9 ( ( -LRB- 34233 166 10 _ _ NNP 34233 166 11 lat lat NNP 34233 166 12 . . . 34233 167 1 r. r. NNP 34233 167 2 spmax spmax NNP 34233 167 3 . . . 34233 167 4 _ _ NNP 34233 167 5 , , , 34233 167 6 Fig Fig NNP 34233 167 7 . . . 34233 168 1 9a 9a NNP 34233 168 2 - - HYPH 34233 168 3 b b NN 34233 168 4 ) ) -RRB- 34233 168 5 to to TO 34233 168 6 accommodate accommodate VB 34233 168 7 the the DT 34233 168 8 confluence confluence NN 34233 168 9 of of IN 34233 168 10 the the DT 34233 168 11 cavum cavum NN 34233 168 12 principale principale NN 34233 168 13 and and CC 34233 168 14 cavum cavum VB 34233 168 15 medium medium NN 34233 168 16 ( ( -LRB- 34233 168 17 Figs fig NNS 34233 168 18 . . . 34233 169 1 6 6 CD 34233 169 2 and and CC 34233 169 3 8b 8b NNP 34233 169 4 - - HYPH 34233 169 5 c c NNP 34233 169 6 ) ) -RRB- 34233 169 7 . . . 34233 170 1 The the DT 34233 170 2 small small JJ 34233 170 3 medial medial JJ 34233 170 4 ramus ramus NN 34233 170 5 is be VBZ 34233 170 6 associated associate VBN 34233 170 7 with with IN 34233 170 8 the the DT 34233 170 9 distal distal JJ 34233 170 10 end end NN 34233 170 11 of of IN 34233 170 12 the the DT 34233 170 13 lamina lamina NN 34233 170 14 superior superior JJ 34233 170 15 whereas whereas IN 34233 170 16 the the DT 34233 170 17 lateral lateral JJ 34233 170 18 ramus ramus NN 34233 170 19 lies lie VBZ 34233 170 20 dorsal dorsal NN 34233 170 21 to to IN 34233 170 22 the the DT 34233 170 23 lateral lateral JJ 34233 170 24 margin margin NN 34233 170 25 of of IN 34233 170 26 the the DT 34233 170 27 cavum cavum NNP 34233 170 28 medium medium NN 34233 170 29 . . . 34233 171 1 Just just RB 34233 171 2 anterior anterior JJ 34233 171 3 to to IN 34233 171 4 the the DT 34233 171 5 anterior anterior JJ 34233 171 6 end end NN 34233 171 7 of of IN 34233 171 8 the the DT 34233 171 9 nasolacrimal nasolacrimal JJ 34233 171 10 duct duct NN 34233 171 11 , , , 34233 171 12 the the DT 34233 171 13 ventral ventral JJ 34233 171 14 ramus ramus NN 34233 171 15 of of IN 34233 171 16 the the DT 34233 171 17 septomaxillary septomaxillary NN 34233 171 18 ( ( -LRB- 34233 171 19 _ _ NNP 34233 171 20 vent vent NN 34233 171 21 . . . 34233 172 1 r. r. NNP 34233 172 2 spmax spmax NNP 34233 172 3 . . . 34233 172 4 _ _ NNP 34233 172 5 , , , 34233 172 6 Fig Fig NNP 34233 172 7 . . . 34233 173 1 9c 9c LS 34233 173 2 ) ) -RRB- 34233 173 3 is be VBZ 34233 173 4 present present JJ 34233 173 5 in in IN 34233 173 6 cross cross NN 34233 173 7 - - NNS 34233 173 8 sections section NNS 34233 173 9 ventral ventral JJ 34233 173 10 to to IN 34233 173 11 the the DT 34233 173 12 cavum cavum NNP 34233 173 13 medium medium NN 34233 173 14 . . . 34233 174 1 The the DT 34233 174 2 ventral ventral JJ 34233 174 3 ramus ramus NN 34233 174 4 joins join VBZ 34233 174 5 the the DT 34233 174 6 horizontal horizontal JJ 34233 174 7 and and CC 34233 174 8 dorsal dorsal NN 34233 174 9 rami rami NN 34233 174 10 of of IN 34233 174 11 the the DT 34233 174 12 septomaxillary septomaxillary NN 34233 174 13 at at IN 34233 174 14 the the DT 34233 174 15 anterior anterior JJ 34233 174 16 end end NN 34233 174 17 of of IN 34233 174 18 the the DT 34233 174 19 nasolacrimal nasolacrimal JJ 34233 174 20 duct duct NN 34233 174 21 . . . 34233 175 1 The the DT 34233 175 2 medial medial JJ 34233 175 3 branch branch NN 34233 175 4 terminates terminate NNS 34233 175 5 posteriorly posteriorly RB 34233 175 6 at at IN 34233 175 7 the the DT 34233 175 8 level level NN 34233 175 9 at at IN 34233 175 10 which which WDT 34233 175 11 the the DT 34233 175 12 cavum cavum NNP 34233 175 13 principale principale NN 34233 175 14 joins join VBZ 34233 175 15 the the DT 34233 175 16 cavum cavum NN 34233 175 17 inferior inferior JJ 34233 175 18 . . . 34233 176 1 The the DT 34233 176 2 lateral lateral JJ 34233 176 3 ramus ramus NN 34233 176 4 of of IN 34233 176 5 the the DT 34233 176 6 septomaxillary septomaxillary NN 34233 176 7 terminates terminate NNS 34233 176 8 posteriorly posteriorly RB 34233 176 9 at at IN 34233 176 10 the the DT 34233 176 11 level level NN 34233 176 12 at at IN 34233 176 13 which which WDT 34233 176 14 the the DT 34233 176 15 recessus recessus NNP 34233 176 16 medialis medialis NNP 34233 176 17 diverges diverge VBZ 34233 176 18 from from IN 34233 176 19 the the DT 34233 176 20 recessus recessus NNP 34233 176 21 lateralis lateralis NNP 34233 176 22 posteriorly posteriorly RB 34233 176 23 and and CC 34233 176 24 cavum cavum VB 34233 176 25 principale principale NN 34233 176 26 and and CC 34233 176 27 recessus recessus NNP 34233 176 28 lateralis lateralis NNP 34233 176 29 are be VBP 34233 176 30 confluent confluent JJ 34233 176 31 . . . 34233 177 1 _ _ NNP 34233 177 2 Planum Planum NNP 34233 177 3 terminale._--Posterior terminale._--posterior NN 34233 177 4 to to IN 34233 177 5 the the DT 34233 177 6 infundibulum infundibulum NN 34233 177 7 the the DT 34233 177 8 lamina lamina NNP 34233 177 9 inferior inferior NNP 34233 177 10 and and CC 34233 177 11 oblique oblique JJ 34233 177 12 cartilage cartilage NN 34233 177 13 join join VBP 34233 177 14 to to TO 34233 177 15 form form VB 34233 177 16 the the DT 34233 177 17 planum planum JJ 34233 177 18 terminale terminale NN 34233 177 19 ( ( -LRB- 34233 177 20 _ _ NNP 34233 177 21 pla pla NNP 34233 177 22 . . . 34233 178 1 term term NN 34233 178 2 . . . 34233 178 3 _ _ NNP 34233 178 4 ) ) -RRB- 34233 178 5 which which WDT 34233 178 6 lies lie VBZ 34233 178 7 lateral lateral JJ 34233 178 8 to to IN 34233 178 9 the the DT 34233 178 10 cavum cavum NN 34233 178 11 principale principale NN 34233 178 12 ( ( -LRB- 34233 178 13 Fig fig NN 34233 178 14 . . . 34233 179 1 10 10 LS 34233 179 2 ) ) -RRB- 34233 179 3 . . . 34233 180 1 The the DT 34233 180 2 lamina lamina NN 34233 180 3 inferior inferior JJ 34233 180 4 diverges diverge VBZ 34233 180 5 ventrally ventrally RB 34233 180 6 from from IN 34233 180 7 the the DT 34233 180 8 planum planum JJ 34233 180 9 terminale terminale NNP 34233 180 10 anterior anterior NNP 34233 180 11 to to IN 34233 180 12 the the DT 34233 180 13 olfactory olfactory JJ 34233 180 14 eminence eminence NN 34233 180 15 . . . 34233 181 1 The the DT 34233 181 2 planum planum JJ 34233 181 3 terminale terminale NN 34233 181 4 is be VBZ 34233 181 5 restricted restrict VBN 34233 181 6 ventrally ventrally RB 34233 181 7 and and CC 34233 181 8 terminates terminate NNS 34233 181 9 at at IN 34233 181 10 the the DT 34233 181 11 level level NN 34233 181 12 of of IN 34233 181 13 the the DT 34233 181 14 olfactory olfactory JJ 34233 181 15 eminence eminence NN 34233 181 16 ( ( -LRB- 34233 181 17 _ _ NNP 34233 181 18 olf olf NN 34233 181 19 . . . 34233 182 1 em -PRON- PRP 34233 182 2 . . . 34233 182 3 _ _ NNP 34233 182 4 , , , 34233 182 5 Fig Fig NNP 34233 182 6 . . . 34233 183 1 11 11 CD 34233 183 2 ) ) -RRB- 34233 183 3 . . . 34233 184 1 [ [ -LRB- 34233 184 2 Illustration illustration NN 34233 184 3 : : : 34233 184 4 FIG FIG NNP 34233 184 5 . . . 34233 185 1 8 8 LS 34233 185 2 . . . 34233 186 1 Transverse transverse JJ 34233 186 2 sections section NNS 34233 186 3 through through IN 34233 186 4 olfactory olfactory JJ 34233 186 5 capsule capsule NN 34233 186 6 in in IN 34233 186 7 region region NN 34233 186 8 of of IN 34233 186 9 septomaxillary septomaxillary NN 34233 186 10 : : : 34233 186 11 _ _ NNP 34233 186 12 a a DT 34233 186 13 _ _ NNP 34233 186 14 ) ) -RRB- 34233 186 15 anterior anterior JJ 34233 186 16 terminus terminus NN 34233 186 17 of of IN 34233 186 18 septomaxillary septomaxillary NNP 34233 186 19 ; ; : 34233 186 20 _ _ NNP 34233 186 21 b b NNP 34233 186 22 _ _ NNP 34233 186 23 ) ) -RRB- 34233 186 24 medial medial JJ 34233 186 25 divergence divergence NN 34233 186 26 of of IN 34233 186 27 septomaxillary septomaxillary NN 34233 186 28 ; ; : 34233 186 29 _ _ NNP 34233 186 30 c c NNP 34233 186 31 _ _ NNP 34233 186 32 ) ) -RRB- 34233 186 33 dorsal dorsal NN 34233 186 34 ramus ramus NN 34233 186 35 of of IN 34233 186 36 septomaxillary septomaxillary NNP 34233 186 37 ; ; : 34233 186 38 _ _ NNP 34233 186 39 d d NNP 34233 186 40 _ _ NNP 34233 186 41 ) ) -RRB- 34233 186 42 posterolateral posterolateral JJ 34233 186 43 terminus terminus NN 34233 186 44 of of IN 34233 186 45 septomaxillary septomaxillary NN 34233 186 46 . . . 34233 187 1 Encircled encircled JJ 34233 187 2 numbers number NNS 34233 187 3 represent represent VBP 34233 187 4 the the DT 34233 187 5 nasal nasal NN 34233 187 6 cavities cavity NNS 34233 187 7 as as IN 34233 187 8 follows follow VBZ 34233 187 9 : : : 34233 187 10 1 1 LS 34233 187 11 ) ) -RRB- 34233 187 12 cavum cavum VB 34233 187 13 principale principale NN 34233 187 14 ; ; : 34233 187 15 2 2 LS 34233 187 16 ) ) -RRB- 34233 187 17 cavum cavum VB 34233 187 18 medium medium NN 34233 187 19 ; ; : 34233 187 20 and and CC 34233 187 21 3 3 LS 34233 187 22 ) ) -RRB- 34233 187 23 cavum cavum VB 34233 187 24 inferius inferius NN 34233 187 25 . . . 34233 188 1 Abbreviations abbreviation NNS 34233 188 2 : : : 34233 188 3 _ _ NNP 34233 188 4 al al NNP 34233 188 5 . . . 34233 189 1 c. c. NNP 34233 189 2 _ _ NNP 34233 189 3 , , , 34233 189 4 alary alary JJ 34233 189 5 cartilage cartilage NN 34233 189 6 ; ; : 34233 189 7 _ _ NNP 34233 189 8 ant ant NN 34233 189 9 . . . 34233 190 1 spmax spmax NNP 34233 190 2 . . . 34233 190 3 _ _ NNP 34233 190 4 , , , 34233 190 5 anterior anterior JJ 34233 190 6 end end NN 34233 190 7 of of IN 34233 190 8 septomaxillary septomaxillary NN 34233 190 9 ; ; : 34233 190 10 _ _ NNP 34233 190 11 cr cr NNP 34233 190 12 . . . 34233 191 1 int int UH 34233 191 2 . . . 34233 191 3 _ _ NNP 34233 191 4 , , , 34233 191 5 crista crista NNP 34233 191 6 intermedia intermedia NNP 34233 191 7 ; ; : 34233 191 8 _ _ NNP 34233 191 9 dor dor NNP 34233 191 10 . . . 34233 192 1 r. r. NNP 34233 192 2 spmax spmax NNP 34233 192 3 . . . 34233 192 4 _ _ NNP 34233 192 5 , , , 34233 192 6 dorsal dorsal NN 34233 192 7 ramus ramus NN 34233 192 8 of of IN 34233 192 9 septomaxillary septomaxillary NNP 34233 192 10 ; ; : 34233 192 11 _ _ NNP 34233 192 12 ext ext NNP 34233 192 13 . . . 34233 193 1 nar nar NNP 34233 193 2 . . . 34233 193 3 _ _ NNP 34233 193 4 , , , 34233 193 5 external external JJ 34233 193 6 nares naris NNS 34233 193 7 ; ; : 34233 193 8 _ _ NNP 34233 193 9 inf inf NN 34233 193 10 . . . 34233 194 1 pnas pnas NNP 34233 194 2 . . . 34233 195 1 c. c. NNP 34233 195 2 _ _ NNP 34233 195 3 , , , 34233 195 4 inferior inferior JJ 34233 195 5 prenasal prenasal NN 34233 195 6 cartilage cartilage NN 34233 195 7 ; ; : 34233 195 8 _ _ NNP 34233 195 9 l. l. NNP 34233 196 1 inf inf NNP 34233 196 2 . . . 34233 196 3 _ _ NNP 34233 196 4 , , , 34233 196 5 lamina lamina NNP 34233 196 6 inferior inferior JJ 34233 196 7 ; ; : 34233 196 8 _ _ NNP 34233 196 9 l. l. NNP 34233 197 1 sup sup NNP 34233 197 2 . . . 34233 197 3 _ _ NNP 34233 197 4 , , , 34233 197 5 lamina lamina NNP 34233 197 6 superior superior NNP 34233 197 7 ; ; : 34233 197 8 _ _ NNP 34233 197 9 lat lat NNP 34233 197 10 . . . 34233 198 1 r. r. NNP 34233 198 2 spmax spmax NNP 34233 198 3 . . . 34233 198 4 _ _ NNP 34233 198 5 , , , 34233 198 6 lateral lateral JJ 34233 198 7 ramus ramus NN 34233 198 8 of of IN 34233 198 9 septomaxillary septomaxillary NNP 34233 198 10 ; ; : 34233 198 11 _ _ NNP 34233 198 12 med med NNP 34233 198 13 . . . 34233 199 1 r. r. NNP 34233 199 2 spmax spmax NNP 34233 199 3 . . . 34233 199 4 _ _ NNP 34233 199 5 , , , 34233 199 6 medial medial JJ 34233 199 7 ramus ramus NN 34233 199 8 of of IN 34233 199 9 septomaxillary septomaxillary NNP 34233 199 10 ; ; : 34233 199 11 _ _ NNP 34233 199 12 nas nas NNP 34233 199 13 . . . 34233 199 14 _ _ NNP 34233 199 15 , , , 34233 199 16 nasal nasal NN 34233 199 17 ; ; : 34233 199 18 _ _ NNP 34233 199 19 nlc nlc NN 34233 199 20 . . . 34233 200 1 dt dt NNP 34233 200 2 . . . 34233 200 3 _ _ NNP 34233 200 4 , , , 34233 200 5 nasolacrimal nasolacrimal JJ 34233 200 6 duct duct NN 34233 200 7 ; ; : 34233 200 8 _ _ NNP 34233 200 9 obl obl NNP 34233 200 10 . . . 34233 201 1 c. c. NNP 34233 201 2 _ _ NNP 34233 201 3 , , , 34233 201 4 oblique oblique JJ 34233 201 5 cartilage cartilage NN 34233 201 6 ; ; : 34233 201 7 _ _ NNP 34233 201 8 pvom pvom NNS 34233 201 9 . . . 34233 201 10 _ _ NNP 34233 201 11 , , , 34233 201 12 prevomer prevomer NN 34233 201 13 ; ; : 34233 201 14 _ _ NNP 34233 201 15 sept sept NNP 34233 201 16 . . . 34233 202 1 nas nas NNP 34233 202 2 . . NNP 34233 202 3 _ _ NNP 34233 202 4 , , , 34233 202 5 septum septum NN 34233 202 6 nasi nasi NNP 34233 202 7 ; ; : 34233 202 8 _ _ NNP 34233 202 9 sol sol NNP 34233 202 10 . . . 34233 203 1 nas nas NNP 34233 203 2 . . NNP 34233 203 3 _ _ NNP 34233 203 4 , , , 34233 203 5 solum solum NNP 34233 203 6 nasi nasi NNP 34233 203 7 ; ; : 34233 203 8 _ _ NNP 34233 203 9 spmax spmax NNP 34233 203 10 . . . 34233 203 11 _ _ NNP 34233 203 12 , , , 34233 203 13 septomaxillary septomaxillary NN 34233 203 14 ; ; : 34233 203 15 _ _ NNP 34233 203 16 tect tect NN 34233 203 17 . . . 34233 204 1 nas nas NNP 34233 204 2 . . NNP 34233 204 3 _ _ NNP 34233 204 4 , , , 34233 204 5 tectum tectum NN 34233 204 6 nasi nasi NNP 34233 204 7 . . . 34233 204 8 ] ] -RRB- 34233 205 1 [ [ -LRB- 34233 205 2 Illustration illustration NN 34233 205 3 : : : 34233 205 4 FIG FIG NNP 34233 205 5 . . . 34233 206 1 9 9 CD 34233 206 2 . . . 34233 207 1 Septomaxillary septomaxillary JJ 34233 207 2 drawn draw VBN 34233 207 3 from from IN 34233 207 4 cleared cleared JJ 34233 207 5 and and CC 34233 207 6 stained stain VBN 34233 207 7 specimen speciman NNS 34233 207 8 of of IN 34233 207 9 _ _ NNP 34233 207 10 Smilisca Smilisca NNP 34233 207 11 baudini baudini NNP 34233 207 12 _ _ NNP 34233 207 13 , , , 34233 207 14 KU KU NNP 34233 207 15 55614 55614 CD 34233 207 16 : : : 34233 207 17 _ _ NNP 34233 207 18 a a DT 34233 207 19 _ _ NNP 34233 207 20 ) ) -RRB- 34233 207 21 dorsal dorsal NN 34233 207 22 ; ; : 34233 207 23 _ _ NNP 34233 207 24 b b NNP 34233 207 25 _ _ NNP 34233 207 26 ) ) -RRB- 34233 207 27 ventral ventral JJ 34233 207 28 ; ; : 34233 207 29 _ _ NNP 34233 207 30 c c NNP 34233 207 31 _ _ NNP 34233 207 32 ) ) -RRB- 34233 207 33 lateral lateral JJ 34233 207 34 . . . 34233 208 1 In in IN 34233 208 2 each each DT 34233 208 3 example example NN 34233 208 4 , , , 34233 208 5 the the DT 34233 208 6 anterior anterior NN 34233 208 7 end end VBP 34233 208 8 lies lie VBZ 34233 208 9 to to IN 34233 208 10 the the DT 34233 208 11 left left NN 34233 208 12 . . . 34233 209 1 Abbreviations abbreviation NNS 34233 209 2 : : : 34233 209 3 _ _ NNP 34233 209 4 dor dor NNP 34233 209 5 . . . 34233 210 1 r. r. NNP 34233 210 2 spmax spmax NNP 34233 210 3 . . . 34233 210 4 _ _ NNP 34233 210 5 , , , 34233 210 6 dorsal dorsal NN 34233 210 7 ramus ramus NN 34233 210 8 of of IN 34233 210 9 septomaxillary septomaxillary NNP 34233 210 10 ; ; : 34233 210 11 _ _ NNP 34233 210 12 lat lat NN 34233 210 13 . . . 34233 211 1 r. r. NNP 34233 211 2 spmax spmax NNP 34233 211 3 . . . 34233 211 4 _ _ NNP 34233 211 5 , , , 34233 211 6 lateral lateral JJ 34233 211 7 ramus ramus NN 34233 211 8 of of IN 34233 211 9 septomaxillary septomaxillary NNP 34233 211 10 ; ; : 34233 211 11 _ _ NNP 34233 211 12 med med NNP 34233 211 13 . . . 34233 212 1 r. r. NNP 34233 212 2 spmax spmax NNP 34233 212 3 . . . 34233 212 4 _ _ NNP 34233 212 5 , , , 34233 212 6 medial medial JJ 34233 212 7 ramus ramus NN 34233 212 8 of of IN 34233 212 9 septomaxillary septomaxillary NNP 34233 212 10 ; ; : 34233 212 11 _ _ NNP 34233 212 12 vent vent NN 34233 212 13 . . . 34233 213 1 r. r. NNP 34233 213 2 spmax spmax NNP 34233 213 3 . . . 34233 213 4 _ _ NNP 34233 213 5 , , , 34233 213 6 ventral ventral JJ 34233 213 7 ramus ramus NN 34233 213 8 of of IN 34233 213 9 septomaxillary septomaxillary NNP 34233 213 10 . . . 34233 213 11 ] ] -RRB- 34233 214 1 _ _ NNP 34233 214 2 Anterior Anterior NNP 34233 214 3 and and CC 34233 214 4 posterior posterior NNP 34233 214 5 maxillary maxillary JJ 34233 214 6 processes._--The processes._--the NN 34233 214 7 anterior anterior JJ 34233 214 8 end end NN 34233 214 9 of of IN 34233 214 10 the the DT 34233 214 11 anterior anterior NNP 34233 214 12 maxillary maxillary JJ 34233 214 13 process process NN 34233 214 14 ( ( -LRB- 34233 214 15 _ _ NNP 34233 214 16 ant ant NN 34233 214 17 . . . 34233 215 1 max max NNP 34233 215 2 . . . 34233 216 1 proc proc NNP 34233 216 2 . . . 34233 216 3 _ _ NNP 34233 216 4 ) ) -RRB- 34233 216 5 lies lie VBZ 34233 216 6 within within IN 34233 216 7 the the DT 34233 216 8 maxillary maxillary NN 34233 216 9 at at IN 34233 216 10 the the DT 34233 216 11 level level NN 34233 216 12 of of IN 34233 216 13 the the DT 34233 216 14 posterior posterior JJ 34233 216 15 terminus terminus NN 34233 216 16 of of IN 34233 216 17 the the DT 34233 216 18 planum planum JJ 34233 216 19 terminale terminale NN 34233 216 20 . . . 34233 217 1 The the DT 34233 217 2 anterior anterior JJ 34233 217 3 maxillary maxillary JJ 34233 217 4 process process NN 34233 217 5 diverges diverge VBZ 34233 217 6 medially medially RB 34233 217 7 from from IN 34233 217 8 the the DT 34233 217 9 maxillary maxillary JJ 34233 217 10 ( ( -LRB- 34233 217 11 Fig fig NN 34233 217 12 . . . 34233 218 1 13 13 CD 34233 218 2 ) ) -RRB- 34233 218 3 and and CC 34233 218 4 expands expand VBZ 34233 218 5 dorsally dorsally RB 34233 218 6 along along IN 34233 218 7 the the DT 34233 218 8 medial medial JJ 34233 218 9 face face NN 34233 218 10 of of IN 34233 218 11 the the DT 34233 218 12 pars par NNS 34233 218 13 facialis facialis NNP 34233 218 14 to to TO 34233 218 15 meet meet VB 34233 218 16 the the DT 34233 218 17 planum planum JJ 34233 218 18 antorbitale antorbitale NN 34233 218 19 just just RB 34233 218 20 anterior anterior NNP 34233 218 21 to to IN 34233 218 22 the the DT 34233 218 23 transition transition NN 34233 218 24 zone zone NN 34233 218 25 between between IN 34233 218 26 the the DT 34233 218 27 latter latter JJ 34233 218 28 and and CC 34233 218 29 the the DT 34233 218 30 solum solum NNP 34233 218 31 nasi nasi NNP 34233 218 32 . . . 34233 219 1 Posterior posterior JJ 34233 219 2 to to IN 34233 219 3 the the DT 34233 219 4 transition transition NN 34233 219 5 zone zone NN 34233 219 6 , , , 34233 219 7 the the DT 34233 219 8 planum planum JJ 34233 219 9 antorbitale antorbitale NNP 34233 219 10 disappears disappear VBZ 34233 219 11 and and CC 34233 219 12 the the DT 34233 219 13 posterior posterior NN 34233 219 14 maxillary maxillary JJ 34233 219 15 process process NN 34233 219 16 is be VBZ 34233 219 17 restricted restrict VBN 34233 219 18 ventrally ventrally RB 34233 219 19 along along IN 34233 219 20 the the DT 34233 219 21 pars par NNS 34233 219 22 facialis faciali NNS 34233 219 23 of of IN 34233 219 24 the the DT 34233 219 25 maxillary maxillary NN 34233 219 26 . . . 34233 220 1 Posteriorly posteriorly RB 34233 220 2 the the DT 34233 220 3 cartilage cartilage NN 34233 220 4 is be VBZ 34233 220 5 associated associate VBN 34233 220 6 with with IN 34233 220 7 the the DT 34233 220 8 pterygoid pterygoid NN 34233 220 9 , , , 34233 220 10 where where WRB 34233 220 11 it -PRON- PRP 34233 220 12 is be VBZ 34233 220 13 known know VBN 34233 220 14 as as IN 34233 220 15 the the DT 34233 220 16 pterygoid pterygoid JJ 34233 220 17 process process NN 34233 220 18 ( ( -LRB- 34233 220 19 _ _ NNP 34233 220 20 pter pter NN 34233 220 21 . . . 34233 221 1 proc proc NNS 34233 221 2 . . . 34233 221 3 _ _ NNP 34233 221 4 , , , 34233 221 5 Fig Fig NNP 34233 221 6 . . . 34233 222 1 14 14 CD 34233 222 2 ) ) -RRB- 34233 222 3 . . . 34233 223 1 _ _ NNP 34233 223 2 Planum Planum NNP 34233 223 3 antorbitale._--The antorbitale._--the SYM 34233 223 4 anterior anterior NN 34233 223 5 terminus terminus NN 34233 223 6 of of IN 34233 223 7 the the DT 34233 223 8 planum planum JJ 34233 223 9 antorbitale antorbitale NNP 34233 223 10 ( ( -LRB- 34233 223 11 _ _ NNP 34233 223 12 pla pla NNP 34233 223 13 . . . 34233 224 1 ant ant NN 34233 224 2 . . . 34233 224 3 _ _ NNP 34233 224 4 ) ) -RRB- 34233 224 5 lies lie VBZ 34233 224 6 medial medial JJ 34233 224 7 to to IN 34233 224 8 the the DT 34233 224 9 ventrolateral ventrolateral JJ 34233 224 10 part part NN 34233 224 11 of of IN 34233 224 12 the the DT 34233 224 13 nasal nasal NN 34233 224 14 and and CC 34233 224 15 lateral lateral JJ 34233 224 16 to to IN 34233 224 17 the the DT 34233 224 18 internal internal JJ 34233 224 19 nares naris NNS 34233 224 20 ( ( -LRB- 34233 224 21 Fig Fig NNP 34233 224 22 . . . 34233 225 1 12 12 CD 34233 225 2 ) ) -RRB- 34233 225 3 . . . 34233 226 1 It -PRON- PRP 34233 226 2 abruptly abruptly RB 34233 226 3 expands expand VBZ 34233 226 4 dorsally dorsally RB 34233 226 5 along along IN 34233 226 6 the the DT 34233 226 7 medial medial JJ 34233 226 8 face face NN 34233 226 9 of of IN 34233 226 10 the the DT 34233 226 11 nasal nasal NN 34233 226 12 to to TO 34233 226 13 join join VB 34233 226 14 the the DT 34233 226 15 tectum tectum NN 34233 226 16 nasi nasi NNP 34233 226 17 dorsolaterally dorsolaterally RB 34233 226 18 ; ; : 34233 226 19 somewhat somewhat RB 34233 226 20 posteriorly posteriorly RB 34233 226 21 the the DT 34233 226 22 planum planum JJ 34233 226 23 antorbitale antorbitale NNP 34233 226 24 joins join VBZ 34233 226 25 the the DT 34233 226 26 anterior anterior NNP 34233 226 27 maxillary maxillary NNP 34233 226 28 process process NN 34233 226 29 ventrally ventrally RB 34233 226 30 at at IN 34233 226 31 the the DT 34233 226 32 posterior posterior NN 34233 226 33 margin margin NN 34233 226 34 of of IN 34233 226 35 the the DT 34233 226 36 internal internal JJ 34233 226 37 nares naris NNS 34233 226 38 . . . 34233 227 1 [ [ -LRB- 34233 227 2 Illustration illustration NN 34233 227 3 : : : 34233 227 4 FIGS FIGS NNP 34233 227 5 . . . 34233 228 1 10 10 CD 34233 228 2 - - SYM 34233 228 3 11 11 CD 34233 228 4 . . . 34233 229 1 Transverse transverse JJ 34233 229 2 sections section NNS 34233 229 3 through through IN 34233 229 4 posterior posterior NN 34233 229 5 part part NN 34233 229 6 of of IN 34233 229 7 olfactory olfactory JJ 34233 229 8 capsule capsule NN 34233 229 9 : : : 34233 229 10 10 10 LS 34233 229 11 ) ) -RRB- 34233 229 12 region region NN 34233 229 13 of of IN 34233 229 14 planum planum JJ 34233 229 15 terminale terminale NN 34233 229 16 ; ; : 34233 229 17 11 11 CD 34233 229 18 ) ) -RRB- 34233 229 19 anterior anterior JJ 34233 229 20 region region NN 34233 229 21 of of IN 34233 229 22 olfactory olfactory JJ 34233 229 23 eminence eminence NN 34233 229 24 . . . 34233 230 1 Abbreviations abbreviation NNS 34233 230 2 : : : 34233 230 3 _ _ NNP 34233 230 4 cav cav NNP 34233 230 5 . . . 34233 231 1 p. p. NNP 34233 231 2 _ _ NNP 34233 231 3 , , , 34233 231 4 cavum cavum VB 34233 231 5 principale principale NN 34233 231 6 ; ; : 34233 231 7 _ _ NNP 34233 231 8 max max NNP 34233 231 9 . . . 34233 231 10 _ _ NNP 34233 231 11 , , , 34233 231 12 maxillary maxillary NNP 34233 231 13 ; ; : 34233 231 14 _ _ NNP 34233 231 15 nas nas NNP 34233 231 16 . . . 34233 231 17 _ _ NNP 34233 231 18 , , , 34233 231 19 nasal nasal NN 34233 231 20 ; ; : 34233 231 21 _ _ NNP 34233 231 22 nlc nlc NN 34233 231 23 . . . 34233 232 1 dt dt NNP 34233 232 2 . . . 34233 232 3 _ _ NNP 34233 232 4 , , , 34233 232 5 nasolacrimal nasolacrimal JJ 34233 232 6 duct duct NN 34233 232 7 ; ; : 34233 232 8 _ _ NNP 34233 232 9 olf olf NN 34233 232 10 . . . 34233 233 1 em -PRON- PRP 34233 233 2 . . . 34233 233 3 _ _ NNP 34233 233 4 , , , 34233 233 5 olfactory olfactory JJ 34233 233 6 eminence eminence NN 34233 233 7 ; ; : 34233 233 8 _ _ NNP 34233 233 9 p. p. NN 34233 234 1 fac fac NNP 34233 234 2 . . . 34233 234 3 _ _ NNP 34233 234 4 , , , 34233 234 5 pars par NNS 34233 234 6 facialis faciali NNS 34233 234 7 ; ; : 34233 234 8 _ _ NNP 34233 234 9 p. p. NN 34233 235 1 pal pal NNP 34233 235 2 . . . 34233 235 3 _ _ NNP 34233 235 4 , , , 34233 235 5 pars par NNS 34233 235 6 palatina palatina NN 34233 235 7 ; ; : 34233 235 8 _ _ NNP 34233 235 9 pla pla NNP 34233 235 10 . . . 34233 236 1 ter ter NN 34233 236 2 . . . 34233 236 3 _ _ NNP 34233 236 4 , , , 34233 236 5 planum planum JJ 34233 236 6 terminale terminale NN 34233 236 7 ; ; : 34233 236 8 _ _ NNP 34233 236 9 pvom pvom NNS 34233 236 10 . . . 34233 236 11 _ _ NNP 34233 236 12 , , , 34233 236 13 prevomer prevomer NN 34233 236 14 ; ; : 34233 236 15 _ _ NNP 34233 236 16 rec rec NNP 34233 236 17 . . . 34233 237 1 lat lat NNP 34233 237 2 . . NNP 34233 237 3 _ _ NNP 34233 237 4 , , , 34233 237 5 recessus recessus NNP 34233 237 6 lateralis lateralis NNP 34233 237 7 ; ; : 34233 237 8 _ _ NNP 34233 237 9 sept sept NNP 34233 237 10 . . . 34233 238 1 nas nas NNP 34233 238 2 . . NNP 34233 238 3 _ _ NNP 34233 238 4 , , , 34233 238 5 septum septum NN 34233 238 6 nasi nasi NNP 34233 238 7 ; ; : 34233 238 8 _ _ NNP 34233 238 9 sol sol NNP 34233 238 10 . . . 34233 239 1 nas nas NNP 34233 239 2 . . NNP 34233 239 3 _ _ NNP 34233 239 4 , , , 34233 239 5 solum solum NNP 34233 239 6 nasi nasi NNP 34233 239 7 ; ; : 34233 239 8 _ _ NNP 34233 239 9 tect tect NN 34233 239 10 . . . 34233 240 1 nas nas NNP 34233 240 2 . . NNP 34233 240 3 _ _ NNP 34233 240 4 , , , 34233 240 5 tectum tectum NN 34233 240 6 nasi nasi NNP 34233 240 7 . . . 34233 240 8 ] ] -RRB- 34233 241 1 [ [ -LRB- 34233 241 2 Illustration illustration NN 34233 241 3 : : : 34233 241 4 FIG FIG NNP 34233 241 5 . . . 34233 242 1 12 12 CD 34233 242 2 . . . 34233 243 1 Transverse Transverse NNP 34233 243 2 section section NN 34233 243 3 through through IN 34233 243 4 the the DT 34233 243 5 olfactory olfactory JJ 34233 243 6 capsule capsule NN 34233 243 7 in in IN 34233 243 8 region region NN 34233 243 9 of of IN 34233 243 10 planum planum JJ 34233 243 11 antorbitale antorbitale NNP 34233 243 12 . . . 34233 244 1 Abbreviations abbreviation NNS 34233 244 2 : : : 34233 244 3 _ _ NNP 34233 244 4 cav cav NNP 34233 244 5 . . . 34233 245 1 prin prin NNP 34233 245 2 . . . 34233 245 3 _ _ NNP 34233 245 4 , , , 34233 245 5 cavum cavum VB 34233 245 6 principale principale NN 34233 245 7 ; ; : 34233 245 8 _ _ NNP 34233 245 9 int int NN 34233 245 10 . . . 34233 246 1 nar nar NNP 34233 246 2 . . . 34233 246 3 _ _ NNP 34233 246 4 , , , 34233 246 5 internal internal JJ 34233 246 6 nares naris NNS 34233 246 7 ; ; : 34233 246 8 _ _ NNP 34233 246 9 max max NNP 34233 246 10 . . . 34233 246 11 _ _ NNP 34233 246 12 , , , 34233 246 13 maxillary maxillary NNP 34233 246 14 ; ; : 34233 246 15 _ _ NNP 34233 246 16 nas nas NNP 34233 246 17 . . . 34233 246 18 _ _ NNP 34233 246 19 , , , 34233 246 20 nasal nasal NN 34233 246 21 ; ; : 34233 246 22 _ _ NNP 34233 246 23 olf olf NN 34233 246 24 . . . 34233 247 1 em -PRON- PRP 34233 247 2 . . . 34233 247 3 _ _ NNP 34233 247 4 , , , 34233 247 5 olfactory olfactory JJ 34233 247 6 eminence eminence NN 34233 247 7 ; ; : 34233 247 8 _ _ NNP 34233 247 9 p. p. NN 34233 248 1 fac fac NNP 34233 248 2 . . . 34233 248 3 _ _ NNP 34233 248 4 , , , 34233 248 5 pars par NNS 34233 248 6 facialis faciali NNS 34233 248 7 ; ; : 34233 248 8 _ _ NNP 34233 248 9 p. p. NN 34233 249 1 pal pal NNP 34233 249 2 . . . 34233 249 3 _ _ NNP 34233 249 4 , , , 34233 249 5 pars par NNS 34233 249 6 palatina palatina NN 34233 249 7 ; ; : 34233 249 8 _ _ NNP 34233 249 9 pal pal NN 34233 249 10 . . . 34233 249 11 _ _ NNP 34233 249 12 , , , 34233 249 13 palatine palatine NN 34233 249 14 ; ; : 34233 249 15 _ _ NNP 34233 249 16 pla pla NNP 34233 249 17 . . . 34233 250 1 ant ant NN 34233 250 2 . . . 34233 250 3 _ _ NNP 34233 250 4 , , , 34233 250 5 planum planum JJ 34233 250 6 antorbitale antorbitale NN 34233 250 7 ; ; : 34233 250 8 _ _ NNP 34233 250 9 pvom pvom NNS 34233 250 10 . . . 34233 250 11 _ _ NNP 34233 250 12 , , , 34233 250 13 prevomer prevomer NN 34233 250 14 ; ; : 34233 250 15 _ _ NNP 34233 250 16 sept sept NNP 34233 250 17 . . . 34233 251 1 nas nas NNP 34233 251 2 . . NNP 34233 251 3 _ _ NNP 34233 251 4 , , , 34233 251 5 septum septum NN 34233 251 6 nasi nasi NNP 34233 251 7 ; ; : 34233 251 8 _ _ NNP 34233 251 9 sol sol NNP 34233 251 10 . . . 34233 252 1 nas nas NNP 34233 252 2 . . NNP 34233 252 3 _ _ NNP 34233 252 4 , , , 34233 252 5 solum solum NNP 34233 252 6 nasi nasi NNP 34233 252 7 ; ; : 34233 252 8 _ _ NNP 34233 252 9 tect tect NN 34233 252 10 . . . 34233 253 1 nas nas NNP 34233 253 2 . . NNP 34233 253 3 _ _ NNP 34233 253 4 , , , 34233 253 5 tectum tectum NN 34233 253 6 nasi nasi NNP 34233 253 7 . . . 34233 253 8 ] ] -RRB- 34233 254 1 _ _ NNP 34233 254 2 External external JJ 34233 254 3 dermal dermal JJ 34233 254 4 bones bone NNS 34233 254 5 associated associate VBN 34233 254 6 with with IN 34233 254 7 the the DT 34233 254 8 olfactory olfactory NNP 34233 254 9 region._--The region._--The NNP 34233 254 10 association association NNP 34233 254 11 of of IN 34233 254 12 the the DT 34233 254 13 premaxillary premaxillary NNP 34233 254 14 ( ( -LRB- 34233 254 15 _ _ NNP 34233 254 16 pmax pmax NNP 34233 254 17 . . . 34233 254 18 _ _ NNP 34233 254 19 ) ) -RRB- 34233 254 20 to to IN 34233 254 21 the the DT 34233 254 22 nasal nasal NN 34233 254 23 cartilages cartilage NNS 34233 254 24 is be VBZ 34233 254 25 described describe VBN 34233 254 26 in in IN 34233 254 27 preceding precede VBG 34233 254 28 sections section NNS 34233 254 29 . . . 34233 255 1 The the DT 34233 255 2 premaxillaries premaxillarie NNS 34233 255 3 are be VBP 34233 255 4 separated separate VBN 34233 255 5 from from IN 34233 255 6 each each DT 34233 255 7 other other JJ 34233 255 8 medially medially RB 34233 255 9 and and CC 34233 255 10 from from IN 34233 255 11 the the DT 34233 255 12 maxillaries maxillary NNS 34233 255 13 laterally laterally RB 34233 255 14 by by IN 34233 255 15 dense dense JJ 34233 255 16 connective connective JJ 34233 255 17 tissue tissue NN 34233 255 18 . . . 34233 256 1 Anteriorly anteriorly RB 34233 256 2 , , , 34233 256 3 the the DT 34233 256 4 maxillary maxillary NN 34233 256 5 ( ( -LRB- 34233 256 6 _ _ NNP 34233 256 7 max max NNP 34233 256 8 . . . 34233 256 9 _ _ NNP 34233 256 10 ) ) -RRB- 34233 256 11 bears bear VBZ 34233 256 12 a a DT 34233 256 13 small small JJ 34233 256 14 palatine palatine NN 34233 256 15 process process NN 34233 256 16 ( ( -LRB- 34233 256 17 _ _ NNP 34233 256 18 pal pal NN 34233 256 19 . . . 34233 257 1 proc proc NNS 34233 257 2 . . . 34233 257 3 _ _ NNP 34233 257 4 , , , 34233 257 5 Fig Fig NNP 34233 257 6 . . . 34233 258 1 1 1 LS 34233 258 2 ) ) -RRB- 34233 258 3 and and CC 34233 258 4 a a DT 34233 258 5 long long JJ 34233 258 6 , , , 34233 258 7 delicate delicate JJ 34233 258 8 pars par NNS 34233 258 9 facialis facialis NNP 34233 258 10 ( ( -LRB- 34233 258 11 _ _ NNP 34233 258 12 p p NNP 34233 258 13 . . . 34233 259 1 fac fac NNP 34233 259 2 . . . 34233 259 3 _ _ NNP 34233 259 4 , , , 34233 259 5 Fig Fig NNP 34233 259 6 . . . 34233 260 1 6 6 LS 34233 260 2 ) ) -RRB- 34233 260 3 , , , 34233 260 4 which which WDT 34233 260 5 terminates terminate VBZ 34233 260 6 dorsally dorsally RB 34233 260 7 at at IN 34233 260 8 the the DT 34233 260 9 level level NN 34233 260 10 of of IN 34233 260 11 the the DT 34233 260 12 lamina lamina NN 34233 260 13 inferior inferior NNP 34233 260 14 . . . 34233 261 1 Posterior posterior JJ 34233 261 2 to to IN 34233 261 3 the the DT 34233 261 4 transition transition NN 34233 261 5 zone zone NN 34233 261 6 between between IN 34233 261 7 the the DT 34233 261 8 planum planum JJ 34233 261 9 antorbitale antorbitale NNP 34233 261 10 and and CC 34233 261 11 solum solum NNP 34233 261 12 nasi nasi NNP 34233 261 13 the the DT 34233 261 14 pars pars NNP 34233 261 15 facialis facialis NNP 34233 261 16 is be VBZ 34233 261 17 greatly greatly RB 34233 261 18 reduced reduce VBN 34233 261 19 . . . 34233 262 1 The the DT 34233 262 2 pars par NNS 34233 262 3 palatina palatina NN 34233 262 4 ( ( -LRB- 34233 262 5 _ _ NNP 34233 262 6 p p NNP 34233 262 7 . . . 34233 263 1 pal pal NNP 34233 263 2 . . . 34233 263 3 _ _ NNP 34233 263 4 , , , 34233 263 5 Fig Fig NNP 34233 263 6 . . . 34233 264 1 6 6 LS 34233 264 2 ) ) -RRB- 34233 264 3 persists persist VBZ 34233 264 4 to to IN 34233 264 5 the the DT 34233 264 6 posterior posterior JJ 34233 264 7 part part NN 34233 264 8 of of IN 34233 264 9 the the DT 34233 264 10 orbit orbit NN 34233 264 11 . . . 34233 265 1 The the DT 34233 265 2 anterior anterior JJ 34233 265 3 end end NN 34233 265 4 of of IN 34233 265 5 the the DT 34233 265 6 prevomer prevomer NN 34233 265 7 ( ( -LRB- 34233 265 8 _ _ NNP 34233 265 9 pvom pvom NNS 34233 265 10 . . . 34233 265 11 _ _ NNP 34233 265 12 , , , 34233 265 13 Fig Fig NNP 34233 265 14 . . . 34233 266 1 1 1 LS 34233 266 2 ) ) -RRB- 34233 266 3 is be VBZ 34233 266 4 associated associate VBN 34233 266 5 with with IN 34233 266 6 the the DT 34233 266 7 venter venter NN 34233 266 8 of of IN 34233 266 9 the the DT 34233 266 10 solum solum NNP 34233 266 11 nasi nasi NNP 34233 266 12 at at IN 34233 266 13 the the DT 34233 266 14 level level NN 34233 266 15 of of IN 34233 266 16 the the DT 34233 266 17 infundibulum infundibulum NN 34233 266 18 just just RB 34233 266 19 posterior posterior RB 34233 266 20 to to IN 34233 266 21 the the DT 34233 266 22 incorporation incorporation NN 34233 266 23 of of IN 34233 266 24 the the DT 34233 266 25 inferior inferior JJ 34233 266 26 prenasal prenasal NN 34233 266 27 cartilage cartilage NN 34233 266 28 into into IN 34233 266 29 the the DT 34233 266 30 solum solum NN 34233 266 31 ( ( -LRB- 34233 266 32 Fig fig NN 34233 266 33 . . . 34233 267 1 7 7 LS 34233 267 2 ) ) -RRB- 34233 267 3 . . . 34233 268 1 The the DT 34233 268 2 prevomer prevomer NN 34233 268 3 expands expand VBZ 34233 268 4 dorsally dorsally RB 34233 268 5 around around IN 34233 268 6 the the DT 34233 268 7 distal distal JJ 34233 268 8 end end NN 34233 268 9 of of IN 34233 268 10 the the DT 34233 268 11 solum solum NN 34233 268 12 to to TO 34233 268 13 provide provide VB 34233 268 14 a a DT 34233 268 15 bony bony NN 34233 268 16 lateral lateral JJ 34233 268 17 support support NN 34233 268 18 for for IN 34233 268 19 the the DT 34233 268 20 olfactory olfactory JJ 34233 268 21 eminence eminence NN 34233 268 22 ( ( -LRB- 34233 268 23 Figs fig NNS 34233 268 24 . . . 34233 269 1 10 10 CD 34233 269 2 and and CC 34233 269 3 11 11 CD 34233 269 4 ) ) -RRB- 34233 269 5 . . . 34233 270 1 A a DT 34233 270 2 distal distal JJ 34233 270 3 wing wing NN 34233 270 4 of of IN 34233 270 5 the the DT 34233 270 6 prevomer prevomer NN 34233 270 7 forms form NNS 34233 270 8 the the DT 34233 270 9 bony bony NNP 34233 270 10 anterior anterior NNP 34233 270 11 and and CC 34233 270 12 medial medial JJ 34233 270 13 margins margin NNS 34233 270 14 of of IN 34233 270 15 the the DT 34233 270 16 internal internal JJ 34233 270 17 nares naris NNS 34233 270 18 . . . 34233 271 1 The the DT 34233 271 2 palatine palatine NN 34233 271 3 ( ( -LRB- 34233 271 4 _ _ NNP 34233 271 5 pal pal NN 34233 271 6 . . . 34233 271 7 _ _ NNP 34233 271 8 , , , 34233 271 9 Figs Figs NNP 34233 271 10 . . . 34233 272 1 1 1 CD 34233 272 2 and and CC 34233 272 3 12 12 CD 34233 272 4 ) ) -RRB- 34233 272 5 lies lie VBZ 34233 272 6 in in IN 34233 272 7 connective connective JJ 34233 272 8 tissue tissue NN 34233 272 9 medial medial NNP 34233 272 10 and and CC 34233 272 11 adjacent adjacent JJ 34233 272 12 to to IN 34233 272 13 the the DT 34233 272 14 pars par NNS 34233 272 15 facialis facialis NNP 34233 272 16 . . . 34233 273 1 At at IN 34233 273 2 its -PRON- PRP$ 34233 273 3 maximum maximum JJ 34233 273 4 size size NN 34233 273 5 the the DT 34233 273 6 palatine palatine NN 34233 273 7 forms form VBZ 34233 273 8 the the DT 34233 273 9 bony bony NN 34233 273 10 posterior posterior NN 34233 273 11 margin margin NN 34233 273 12 of of IN 34233 273 13 the the DT 34233 273 14 internal internal JJ 34233 273 15 nares naris NNS 34233 273 16 and and CC 34233 273 17 extends extend VBZ 34233 273 18 dorsomedially dorsomedially RB 34233 273 19 from from IN 34233 273 20 the the DT 34233 273 21 pars par NNS 34233 273 22 palatina palatina NN 34233 273 23 to to IN 34233 273 24 the the DT 34233 273 25 distal distal JJ 34233 273 26 part part NN 34233 273 27 of of IN 34233 273 28 the the DT 34233 273 29 solum solum NNP 34233 273 30 nasi nasi NNP 34233 273 31 . . . 34233 274 1 The the DT 34233 274 2 nasal nasal NN 34233 274 3 ( ( -LRB- 34233 274 4 _ _ NNP 34233 274 5 nas nas NNP 34233 274 6 . . . 34233 274 7 _ _ NNP 34233 274 8 , , , 34233 274 9 Fig Fig NNP 34233 274 10 . . . 34233 275 1 1 1 LS 34233 275 2 ) ) -RRB- 34233 275 3 is be VBZ 34233 275 4 a a DT 34233 275 5 thin thin JJ 34233 275 6 bone bone NN 34233 275 7 overlying overlie VBG 34233 275 8 the the DT 34233 275 9 tectum tectum NN 34233 275 10 nasi nasi NNP 34233 275 11 anteriorly anteriorly RB 34233 275 12 ( ( -LRB- 34233 275 13 Fig fig NN 34233 275 14 . . . 34233 276 1 7 7 LS 34233 276 2 ) ) -RRB- 34233 276 3 . . . 34233 277 1 It -PRON- PRP 34233 277 2 expands expand VBZ 34233 277 3 laterally laterally RB 34233 277 4 to to TO 34233 277 5 form form VB 34233 277 6 a a DT 34233 277 7 complete complete JJ 34233 277 8 roof roof NN 34233 277 9 over over IN 34233 277 10 the the DT 34233 277 11 cavum cavum NN 34233 277 12 principale principale NN 34233 277 13 ( ( -LRB- 34233 277 14 Fig fig NN 34233 277 15 . . . 34233 278 1 10 10 LS 34233 278 2 ) ) -RRB- 34233 278 3 . . . 34233 279 1 In in IN 34233 279 2 the the DT 34233 279 3 region region NN 34233 279 4 of of IN 34233 279 5 the the DT 34233 279 6 internal internal JJ 34233 279 7 nares naris NNS 34233 279 8 , , , 34233 279 9 the the DT 34233 279 10 nasal nasal NN 34233 279 11 forms form VBZ 34233 279 12 the the DT 34233 279 13 lateral lateral JJ 34233 279 14 wall wall NN 34233 279 15 of of IN 34233 279 16 the the DT 34233 279 17 cavum cavum NN 34233 279 18 principale principale NN 34233 279 19 ( ( -LRB- 34233 279 20 Fig fig NN 34233 279 21 . . . 34233 280 1 12 12 CD 34233 280 2 ) ) -RRB- 34233 280 3 . . . 34233 281 1 Sphenethmoid Sphenethmoid NNP 34233 281 2 Region Region NNP 34233 281 3 Posterior Posterior NNP 34233 281 4 to to IN 34233 281 5 the the DT 34233 281 6 transition transition NN 34233 281 7 zone zone NN 34233 281 8 between between IN 34233 281 9 the the DT 34233 281 10 planum planum JJ 34233 281 11 antorbitale antorbitale NNP 34233 281 12 and and CC 34233 281 13 solum solum NNP 34233 281 14 nasi nasi NNP 34233 281 15 , , , 34233 281 16 the the DT 34233 281 17 sphenethmoid sphenethmoid NN 34233 281 18 ( ( -LRB- 34233 281 19 _ _ NNP 34233 281 20 spheth spheth NNP 34233 281 21 . . . 34233 281 22 _ _ NNP 34233 281 23 , , , 34233 281 24 Fig Fig NNP 34233 281 25 . . . 34233 282 1 1 1 LS 34233 282 2 ) ) -RRB- 34233 282 3 is be VBZ 34233 282 4 fully fully RB 34233 282 5 ossified ossify VBN 34233 282 6 medially medially RB 34233 282 7 , , , 34233 282 8 the the DT 34233 282 9 lateral lateral JJ 34233 282 10 parts part NNS 34233 282 11 of of IN 34233 282 12 the the DT 34233 282 13 bone bone NN 34233 282 14 at at IN 34233 282 15 this this DT 34233 282 16 level level NN 34233 282 17 are be VBP 34233 282 18 only only RB 34233 282 19 ossified ossify VBN 34233 282 20 perichondrally perichondrally RB 34233 282 21 . . . 34233 283 1 The the DT 34233 283 2 septum septum NN 34233 283 3 nasi nasi NN 34233 283 4 persists persist VBZ 34233 283 5 at at IN 34233 283 6 the the DT 34233 283 7 anterior anterior JJ 34233 283 8 level level NN 34233 283 9 of of IN 34233 283 10 the the DT 34233 283 11 orbit orbit NN 34233 283 12 and and CC 34233 283 13 terminates terminate NNS 34233 283 14 just just RB 34233 283 15 anterior anterior JJ 34233 283 16 to to IN 34233 283 17 the the DT 34233 283 18 orbitonasal orbitonasal JJ 34233 283 19 foramen foraman NNS 34233 283 20 ( ( -LRB- 34233 283 21 _ _ NNP 34233 283 22 orbnas orbna NNS 34233 283 23 . . . 34233 284 1 f. f. NNP 34233 284 2 _ _ NNP 34233 284 3 ) ) -RRB- 34233 284 4 and and CC 34233 284 5 the the DT 34233 284 6 anterior anterior JJ 34233 284 7 end end NN 34233 284 8 of of IN 34233 284 9 the the DT 34233 284 10 parasphenoid parasphenoid NN 34233 284 11 ( ( -LRB- 34233 284 12 _ _ NNP 34233 284 13 pasph pasph NN 34233 284 14 . . . 34233 284 15 _ _ NNP 34233 284 16 , , , 34233 284 17 Fig Fig NNP 34233 284 18 . . . 34233 285 1 13 13 CD 34233 285 2 ) ) -RRB- 34233 285 3 . . . 34233 286 1 The the DT 34233 286 2 orbitonasal orbitonasal JJ 34233 286 3 foramen foraman NNS 34233 286 4 is be VBZ 34233 286 5 moderately moderately RB 34233 286 6 large large JJ 34233 286 7 , , , 34233 286 8 has have VBZ 34233 286 9 a a DT 34233 286 10 complete complete JJ 34233 286 11 bony bony NN 34233 286 12 margin margin NN 34233 286 13 , , , 34233 286 14 and and CC 34233 286 15 is be VBZ 34233 286 16 located locate VBN 34233 286 17 at at IN 34233 286 18 the the DT 34233 286 19 dorsolateral dorsolateral JJ 34233 286 20 corner corner NN 34233 286 21 of of IN 34233 286 22 the the DT 34233 286 23 braincase braincase NN 34233 286 24 . . . 34233 287 1 [ [ -LRB- 34233 287 2 Illustration illustration NN 34233 287 3 : : : 34233 287 4 FIG FIG NNP 34233 287 5 . . . 34233 288 1 13 13 CD 34233 288 2 . . . 34233 289 1 Transverse Transverse NNP 34233 289 2 section section NN 34233 289 3 through through IN 34233 289 4 sphenethmoid sphenethmoid JJ 34233 289 5 region region NN 34233 289 6 at at IN 34233 289 7 level level NN 34233 289 8 of of IN 34233 289 9 orbitonasal orbitonasal JJ 34233 289 10 foramen foraman NNS 34233 289 11 . . . 34233 290 1 Abbreviations abbreviation NNS 34233 290 2 : : : 34233 290 3 _ _ NNP 34233 290 4 ant ant NN 34233 290 5 . . . 34233 291 1 max max NNP 34233 291 2 . . . 34233 292 1 proc proc NNS 34233 292 2 . . . 34233 292 3 _ _ NNP 34233 292 4 , , , 34233 292 5 anterior anterior NNP 34233 292 6 maxillary maxillary JJ 34233 292 7 process process NN 34233 292 8 ; ; : 34233 292 9 _ _ NNP 34233 292 10 max max NNP 34233 292 11 . . . 34233 292 12 _ _ NNP 34233 292 13 , , , 34233 292 14 maxillary maxillary NNP 34233 292 15 ; ; : 34233 292 16 _ _ NNP 34233 292 17 orbnas orbna NNS 34233 292 18 . . . 34233 293 1 f. f. NNP 34233 293 2 _ _ NNP 34233 293 3 , , , 34233 293 4 orbitonasal orbitonasal JJ 34233 293 5 foramen foraman NNS 34233 293 6 ; ; : 34233 293 7 _ _ NNP 34233 293 8 pasph pasph NN 34233 293 9 . . . 34233 293 10 _ _ NNP 34233 293 11 , , , 34233 293 12 parasphenoid parasphenoid NN 34233 293 13 ; ; : 34233 293 14 _ _ NNP 34233 293 15 spheth spheth NNP 34233 293 16 . . . 34233 293 17 _ _ NNP 34233 293 18 , , , 34233 293 19 sphenethmoid sphenethmoid NNP 34233 293 20 . . . 34233 293 21 ] ] -RRB- 34233 294 1 At at IN 34233 294 2 the the DT 34233 294 3 level level NN 34233 294 4 of of IN 34233 294 5 the the DT 34233 294 6 orbitonasal orbitonasal JJ 34233 294 7 foramen foraman NNS 34233 294 8 , , , 34233 294 9 the the DT 34233 294 10 sphenethmoid sphenethmoid NN 34233 294 11 is be VBZ 34233 294 12 entirely entirely RB 34233 294 13 ossified ossify VBN 34233 294 14 except except IN 34233 294 15 for for IN 34233 294 16 a a DT 34233 294 17 small small JJ 34233 294 18 dorsolateral dorsolateral JJ 34233 294 19 extension extension NN 34233 294 20 . . . 34233 295 1 This this DT 34233 295 2 distal distal JJ 34233 295 3 extension extension NN 34233 295 4 expands expand VBZ 34233 295 5 laterally laterally RB 34233 295 6 in in IN 34233 295 7 posterior posterior JJ 34233 295 8 sections section NNS 34233 295 9 as as IN 34233 295 10 the the DT 34233 295 11 braincase braincase NN 34233 295 12 is be VBZ 34233 295 13 increased increase VBN 34233 295 14 to to IN 34233 295 15 its -PRON- PRP$ 34233 295 16 maximum maximum JJ 34233 295 17 width width NN 34233 295 18 at at IN 34233 295 19 the the DT 34233 295 20 mid mid NN 34233 295 21 - - NN 34233 295 22 length length NN 34233 295 23 of of IN 34233 295 24 the the DT 34233 295 25 orbit orbit NN 34233 295 26 ; ; : 34233 295 27 the the DT 34233 295 28 cartilaginous cartilaginous JJ 34233 295 29 margin margin NN 34233 295 30 is be VBZ 34233 295 31 retained retain VBN 34233 295 32 throughout throughout IN 34233 295 33 the the DT 34233 295 34 length length NN 34233 295 35 of of IN 34233 295 36 the the DT 34233 295 37 sphenethmoid sphenethmoid NN 34233 295 38 . . . 34233 296 1 The the DT 34233 296 2 bony bony NN 34233 296 3 dorsomedial dorsomedial JJ 34233 296 4 part part NN 34233 296 5 of of IN 34233 296 6 the the DT 34233 296 7 sphenethmoid sphenethmoid JJ 34233 296 8 diverges diverge NNS 34233 296 9 , , , 34233 296 10 forming form VBG 34233 296 11 the the DT 34233 296 12 anterior anterior JJ 34233 296 13 border border NN 34233 296 14 of of IN 34233 296 15 the the DT 34233 296 16 frontoparietal frontoparietal JJ 34233 296 17 fontanelle fontanelle NN 34233 296 18 ( ( -LRB- 34233 296 19 _ _ NNP 34233 296 20 fpar fpar NNS 34233 296 21 . . . 34233 297 1 fon fon NN 34233 297 2 . . . 34233 297 3 _ _ NNP 34233 297 4 , , , 34233 297 5 Figs Figs NNP 34233 297 6 . . . 34233 298 1 1 1 CD 34233 298 2 and and CC 34233 298 3 14 14 CD 34233 298 4 ) ) -RRB- 34233 298 5 . . . 34233 299 1 The the DT 34233 299 2 entire entire JJ 34233 299 3 fontanelle fontanelle NN 34233 299 4 is be VBZ 34233 299 5 covered cover VBN 34233 299 6 with with IN 34233 299 7 a a DT 34233 299 8 layer layer NN 34233 299 9 of of IN 34233 299 10 dense dense JJ 34233 299 11 connective connective JJ 34233 299 12 tissue tissue NN 34233 299 13 continuous continuous JJ 34233 299 14 with with IN 34233 299 15 that that DT 34233 299 16 in in IN 34233 299 17 which which WDT 34233 299 18 marginal marginal JJ 34233 299 19 bones bone NNS 34233 299 20 and and CC 34233 299 21 cartilage cartilage NN 34233 299 22 of of IN 34233 299 23 the the DT 34233 299 24 sphenethmoid sphenethmoid JJ 34233 299 25 lie lie NN 34233 299 26 , , , 34233 299 27 and and CC 34233 299 28 which which WDT 34233 299 29 is be VBZ 34233 299 30 discrete discrete JJ 34233 299 31 from from IN 34233 299 32 the the DT 34233 299 33 lower low JJR 34233 299 34 dermal dermal JJ 34233 299 35 layer layer NN 34233 299 36 of of IN 34233 299 37 the the DT 34233 299 38 overlying overlying NN 34233 299 39 skin skin NN 34233 299 40 . . . 34233 300 1 At at IN 34233 300 2 this this DT 34233 300 3 level level NN 34233 300 4 the the DT 34233 300 5 braincase braincase NN 34233 300 6 is be VBZ 34233 300 7 U u NN 34233 300 8 - - HYPH 34233 300 9 shaped shaped JJ 34233 300 10 in in IN 34233 300 11 cross cross NN 34233 300 12 - - NN 34233 300 13 section section NN 34233 300 14 . . . 34233 301 1 Ossification ossification NN 34233 301 2 terminates terminate NNS 34233 301 3 first first RB 34233 301 4 in in IN 34233 301 5 the the DT 34233 301 6 ventrolateral ventrolateral JJ 34233 301 7 corners corner NNS 34233 301 8 , , , 34233 301 9 followed follow VBN 34233 301 10 by by IN 34233 301 11 the the DT 34233 301 12 lateral lateral JJ 34233 301 13 and and CC 34233 301 14 dorsolateral dorsolateral JJ 34233 301 15 areas area NNS 34233 301 16 . . . 34233 302 1 The the DT 34233 302 2 bony bony NN 34233 302 3 support support NN 34233 302 4 of of IN 34233 302 5 the the DT 34233 302 6 latter latter JJ 34233 302 7 area area NN 34233 302 8 is be VBZ 34233 302 9 furnished furnish VBN 34233 302 10 by by IN 34233 302 11 the the DT 34233 302 12 lamina lamina NNP 34233 302 13 perpendicularis perpendicularis NNP 34233 302 14 ( ( -LRB- 34233 302 15 _ _ NNP 34233 302 16 lam lam IN 34233 302 17 . . . 34233 303 1 perp perp FW 34233 303 2 . . . 34233 303 3 _ _ NNP 34233 303 4 ) ) -RRB- 34233 303 5 of of IN 34233 303 6 the the DT 34233 303 7 frontoparietal frontoparietal NN 34233 303 8 ( ( -LRB- 34233 303 9 _ _ NNP 34233 303 10 fpar fpar NNS 34233 303 11 . . . 34233 303 12 _ _ NNP 34233 303 13 , , , 34233 303 14 Fig Fig NNP 34233 303 15 . . . 34233 304 1 14 14 CD 34233 304 2 ) ) -RRB- 34233 304 3 . . . 34233 305 1 Cartilage cartilage NN 34233 305 2 appears appear VBZ 34233 305 3 in in IN 34233 305 4 the the DT 34233 305 5 ventral ventral JJ 34233 305 6 part part NN 34233 305 7 of of IN 34233 305 8 the the DT 34233 305 9 sphenethmoid sphenethmoid NN 34233 305 10 in in IN 34233 305 11 posteromost posteromost NN 34233 305 12 sections section NNS 34233 305 13 ; ; : 34233 305 14 at at IN 34233 305 15 the the DT 34233 305 16 posterior posterior NN 34233 305 17 levels level NNS 34233 305 18 of of IN 34233 305 19 the the DT 34233 305 20 orbit orbit NN 34233 305 21 the the DT 34233 305 22 sphenethmoid sphenethmoid NN 34233 305 23 is be VBZ 34233 305 24 entirely entirely RB 34233 305 25 cartilaginous cartilaginous JJ 34233 305 26 . . . 34233 306 1 Orbital orbital JJ 34233 306 2 , , , 34233 306 3 Otic otic JJ 34233 306 4 , , , 34233 306 5 and and CC 34233 306 6 Occipital Occipital NNP 34233 306 7 Regions Regions NNPS 34233 306 8 _ _ NNP 34233 306 9 Orbital Orbital NNP 34233 306 10 region._--The region._--the NN 34233 306 11 sclera sclera NN 34233 306 12 ( ( -LRB- 34233 306 13 _ _ NNP 34233 306 14 scl scl NN 34233 306 15 . . . 34233 306 16 _ _ NNP 34233 306 17 , , , 34233 306 18 Fig Fig NNP 34233 306 19 . . . 34233 307 1 14 14 CD 34233 307 2 ) ) -RRB- 34233 307 3 of of IN 34233 307 4 the the DT 34233 307 5 eye eye NN 34233 307 6 is be VBZ 34233 307 7 cartilaginous cartilaginous JJ 34233 307 8 . . . 34233 308 1 The the DT 34233 308 2 optic optic JJ 34233 308 3 foramen foraman NNS 34233 308 4 ( ( -LRB- 34233 308 5 _ _ NNP 34233 308 6 opt opt NNP 34233 308 7 . . . 34233 309 1 f. f. NNP 34233 309 2 _ _ NNP 34233 309 3 ) ) -RRB- 34233 309 4 is be VBZ 34233 309 5 large large JJ 34233 309 6 and and CC 34233 309 7 lies lie NNS 34233 309 8 in in IN 34233 309 9 connective connective JJ 34233 309 10 tissue tissue NN 34233 309 11 at at IN 34233 309 12 the the DT 34233 309 13 posterior posterior NN 34233 309 14 limits limit NNS 34233 309 15 of of IN 34233 309 16 the the DT 34233 309 17 orbit orbit NN 34233 309 18 and and CC 34233 309 19 sphenethmoid sphenethmoid NN 34233 309 20 . . . 34233 310 1 At at IN 34233 310 2 the the DT 34233 310 3 posterior posterior NN 34233 310 4 levels level NNS 34233 310 5 of of IN 34233 310 6 the the DT 34233 310 7 foramen foraman NNS 34233 310 8 the the DT 34233 310 9 dorsolateral dorsolateral JJ 34233 310 10 cranial cranial JJ 34233 310 11 roof roof NN 34233 310 12 cartilages cartilage NNS 34233 310 13 , , , 34233 310 14 taeniatectí taeniatectí NN 34233 310 15 marginales marginale NNS 34233 310 16 ( ( -LRB- 34233 310 17 _ _ NNP 34233 310 18 t t NNP 34233 310 19 . . . 34233 311 1 t. t. NNP 34233 311 2 mar mar NNP 34233 311 3 . . . 34233 311 4 _ _ NNP 34233 311 5 ) ) -RRB- 34233 311 6 converge converge VB 34233 311 7 medially medially RB 34233 311 8 to to TO 34233 311 9 form form VB 34233 311 10 the the DT 34233 311 11 posterior posterior NN 34233 311 12 margin margin NN 34233 311 13 of of IN 34233 311 14 the the DT 34233 311 15 frontoparietal frontoparietal JJ 34233 311 16 fontanelle fontanelle NN 34233 311 17 and and CC 34233 311 18 the the DT 34233 311 19 tectum tectum NN 34233 311 20 synoticum synoticum NN 34233 311 21 ( ( -LRB- 34233 311 22 _ _ NNP 34233 311 23 tect tect NN 34233 311 24 . . . 34233 312 1 syn syn UH 34233 312 2 . . . 34233 312 3 _ _ NNP 34233 312 4 ) ) -RRB- 34233 312 5 of of IN 34233 312 6 the the DT 34233 312 7 occipital occipital JJ 34233 312 8 region region NN 34233 312 9 . . . 34233 313 1 At at IN 34233 313 2 the the DT 34233 313 3 posterior posterior NN 34233 313 4 levels level NNS 34233 313 5 of of IN 34233 313 6 the the DT 34233 313 7 orbit orbit NN 34233 313 8 the the DT 34233 313 9 bursa bursa FW 34233 313 10 angularis angularis NNP 34233 313 11 oris oris NNP 34233 313 12 ( ( -LRB- 34233 313 13 _ _ NNP 34233 313 14 b b NNP 34233 313 15 . . . 34233 314 1 ang ang NNP 34233 314 2 . . . 34233 315 1 o. o. NNP 34233 315 2 _ _ NNP 34233 315 3 , , , 34233 315 4 Fig Fig NNP 34233 315 5 . . . 34233 316 1 14 14 CD 34233 316 2 ) ) -RRB- 34233 316 3 is be VBZ 34233 316 4 present present JJ 34233 316 5 adjacent adjacent JJ 34233 316 6 to to IN 34233 316 7 the the DT 34233 316 8 maxillary maxillary NN 34233 316 9 . . . 34233 317 1 _ _ NNP 34233 317 2 Nerve Nerve NNP 34233 317 3 foramina foramina NN 34233 317 4 of of IN 34233 317 5 otic otic JJ 34233 317 6 and and CC 34233 317 7 occipital occipital JJ 34233 317 8 regions._--The regions._--The '' 34233 317 9 trochlear trochlear IN 34233 317 10 foramen foraman NNS 34233 317 11 lies lie VBZ 34233 317 12 within within IN 34233 317 13 the the DT 34233 317 14 bony bony NN 34233 317 15 margins margin NNS 34233 317 16 of of IN 34233 317 17 the the DT 34233 317 18 optic optic JJ 34233 317 19 foramen foraman NNS 34233 317 20 . . . 34233 318 1 The the DT 34233 318 2 trochlear trochlear JJ 34233 318 3 nerve nerve NN 34233 318 4 is be VBZ 34233 318 5 located locate VBN 34233 318 6 posterodorsal posterodorsal NN 34233 318 7 to to IN 34233 318 8 the the DT 34233 318 9 optic optic JJ 34233 318 10 tract tract NN 34233 318 11 , , , 34233 318 12 and and CC 34233 318 13 separated separate VBD 34233 318 14 from from IN 34233 318 15 the the DT 34233 318 16 latter latter JJ 34233 318 17 by by IN 34233 318 18 connective connective JJ 34233 318 19 tissue tissue NN 34233 318 20 . . . 34233 319 1 The the DT 34233 319 2 oculomotor oculomotor NN 34233 319 3 foramen foraman NNS 34233 319 4 ( ( -LRB- 34233 319 5 _ _ NNP 34233 319 6 ocul ocul NNS 34233 319 7 . . . 34233 320 1 f. f. NNP 34233 320 2 _ _ NNP 34233 320 3 ) ) -RRB- 34233 320 4 lies lie VBZ 34233 320 5 in in IN 34233 320 6 connective connective JJ 34233 320 7 tissue tissue NN 34233 320 8 posterior posterior NN 34233 320 9 and and CC 34233 320 10 ventral ventral JJ 34233 320 11 to to IN 34233 320 12 the the DT 34233 320 13 optic optic JJ 34233 320 14 foramen foraman NNS 34233 320 15 ( ( -LRB- 34233 320 16 Fig fig NN 34233 320 17 . . . 34233 321 1 15 15 CD 34233 321 2 ) ) -RRB- 34233 321 3 . . . 34233 322 1 Anteriorly anteriorly RB 34233 322 2 , , , 34233 322 3 dorsally dorsally RB 34233 322 4 , , , 34233 322 5 and and CC 34233 322 6 ventrally ventrally RB 34233 322 7 the the DT 34233 322 8 foramen foraman NNS 34233 322 9 has have VBZ 34233 322 10 a a DT 34233 322 11 bony bony NN 34233 322 12 margin margin NN 34233 322 13 formed form VBN 34233 322 14 by by IN 34233 322 15 the the DT 34233 322 16 prootic prootic JJ 34233 322 17 ( ( -LRB- 34233 322 18 _ _ NNP 34233 322 19 pro pro FW 34233 322 20 . . . 34233 322 21 _ _ NNP 34233 322 22 ) ) -RRB- 34233 322 23 ; ; : 34233 322 24 posteriorly posteriorly RB 34233 322 25 , , , 34233 322 26 only only RB 34233 322 27 a a DT 34233 322 28 thin thin JJ 34233 322 29 layer layer NN 34233 322 30 of of IN 34233 322 31 connective connective JJ 34233 322 32 tissue tissue NN 34233 322 33 separates separate VBZ 34233 322 34 the the DT 34233 322 35 oculomotor oculomotor NN 34233 322 36 from from IN 34233 322 37 the the DT 34233 322 38 large large JJ 34233 322 39 prootic prootic JJ 34233 322 40 foramen foraman NNS 34233 322 41 ( ( -LRB- 34233 322 42 _ _ NNP 34233 322 43 pro pro FW 34233 322 44 . . . 34233 323 1 f. f. NNP 34233 323 2 _ _ NNP 34233 323 3 ) ) -RRB- 34233 323 4 . . . 34233 324 1 The the DT 34233 324 2 latter latter JJ 34233 324 3 is be VBZ 34233 324 4 bordered border VBN 34233 324 5 by by IN 34233 324 6 bone bone NN 34233 324 7 dorsally dorsally RB 34233 324 8 and and CC 34233 324 9 by by IN 34233 324 10 cartilage cartilage NN 34233 324 11 ventrally ventrally RB 34233 324 12 ( ( -LRB- 34233 324 13 Fig fig NN 34233 324 14 . . . 34233 325 1 16 16 CD 34233 325 2 ) ) -RRB- 34233 325 3 . . . 34233 326 1 Posteriorly posteriorly RB 34233 326 2 , , , 34233 326 3 bone bone NN 34233 326 4 separates separate VBZ 34233 326 5 the the DT 34233 326 6 prootic prootic JJ 34233 326 7 foramen foraman NNS 34233 326 8 from from IN 34233 326 9 the the DT 34233 326 10 anterior anterior NNP 34233 326 11 acoustic acoustic JJ 34233 326 12 foramen foraman NNS 34233 326 13 ( ( -LRB- 34233 326 14 _ _ NNP 34233 326 15 ant ant NN 34233 326 16 . . . 34233 327 1 acus acus NNP 34233 327 2 . . . 34233 327 3 _ _ NNP 34233 327 4 _ _ NNP 34233 327 5 f. f. NNP 34233 327 6 _ _ NNP 34233 327 7 ) ) -RRB- 34233 327 8 , , , 34233 327 9 through through IN 34233 327 10 which which WDT 34233 327 11 the the DT 34233 327 12 ramus ramus NNP 34233 327 13 acusticus acusticus NNP 34233 327 14 anterior anterior NNP 34233 327 15 and and CC 34233 327 16 medius medius NNP 34233 327 17 pass pass NNP 34233 327 18 ( ( -LRB- 34233 327 19 Fig fig NN 34233 327 20 . . . 34233 328 1 17 17 CD 34233 328 2 ) ) -RRB- 34233 328 3 . . . 34233 329 1 An an DT 34233 329 2 extremely extremely RB 34233 329 3 narrow narrow JJ 34233 329 4 bridge bridge NN 34233 329 5 of of IN 34233 329 6 cartilage cartilage NN 34233 329 7 separates separate VBZ 34233 329 8 the the DT 34233 329 9 anterior anterior NNP 34233 329 10 acoustic acoustic JJ 34233 329 11 foramen foraman NNS 34233 329 12 from from IN 34233 329 13 the the DT 34233 329 14 larger large JJR 34233 329 15 posterior posterior NN 34233 329 16 acoustic acoustic JJ 34233 329 17 foramen foraman NNS 34233 329 18 ( ( -LRB- 34233 329 19 _ _ NNP 34233 329 20 post post NN 34233 329 21 . . . 34233 330 1 acus acus NNP 34233 330 2 . . . 34233 331 1 f. f. NNP 34233 331 2 _ _ NNP 34233 331 3 ) ) -RRB- 34233 331 4 . . . 34233 332 1 The the DT 34233 332 2 latter latter NN 34233 332 3 has have VBZ 34233 332 4 a a DT 34233 332 5 bony bony NN 34233 332 6 posterior posterior NN 34233 332 7 margin margin NN 34233 332 8 and and CC 34233 332 9 is be VBZ 34233 332 10 widely widely RB 34233 332 11 separated separate VBN 34233 332 12 from from IN 34233 332 13 the the DT 34233 332 14 bony bony NNP 34233 332 15 jugular jugular NNP 34233 332 16 foramen foraman NNS 34233 332 17 ( ( -LRB- 34233 332 18 _ _ NNP 34233 332 19 jug jug NN 34233 332 20 . . . 34233 333 1 f. f. NNP 34233 333 2 _ _ NNP 34233 333 3 ) ) -RRB- 34233 333 4 posteriorly posteriorly RB 34233 333 5 ( ( -LRB- 34233 333 6 Fig fig NN 34233 333 7 . . . 34233 334 1 19 19 CD 34233 334 2 ) ) -RRB- 34233 334 3 . . . 34233 335 1 [ [ -LRB- 34233 335 2 Illustration illustration NN 34233 335 3 : : : 34233 335 4 FIGS FIGS NNP 34233 335 5 . . . 34233 336 1 14 14 CD 34233 336 2 - - SYM 34233 336 3 15 15 CD 34233 336 4 . . . 34233 337 1 Transverse transverse JJ 34233 337 2 sections section NNS 34233 337 3 through through IN 34233 337 4 skull skull NN 34233 337 5 : : : 34233 337 6 14 14 CD 34233 337 7 ) ) -RRB- 34233 337 8 at at IN 34233 337 9 level level NN 34233 337 10 of of IN 34233 337 11 optic optic JJ 34233 337 12 foramen foraman NNS 34233 337 13 ; ; : 34233 337 14 15 15 CD 34233 337 15 ) ) -RRB- 34233 337 16 at at IN 34233 337 17 level level NN 34233 337 18 of of IN 34233 337 19 oculomotor oculomotor NN 34233 337 20 foramen foraman NNS 34233 337 21 . . . 34233 338 1 Abbreviations abbreviation NNS 34233 338 2 : : : 34233 338 3 _ _ NNP 34233 338 4 angspl angspl NNP 34233 338 5 . . . 34233 338 6 _ _ NNP 34233 338 7 angulosplenial angulosplenial JJ 34233 338 8 ; ; : 34233 338 9 _ _ NNP 34233 338 10 ant ant NN 34233 338 11 . . . 34233 339 1 r. r. NNP 34233 339 2 pter pter NNP 34233 339 3 . . . 34233 339 4 _ _ NNP 34233 339 5 , , , 34233 339 6 anterior anterior NNP 34233 339 7 ramus ramus NNP 34233 339 8 of of IN 34233 339 9 pterygoid pterygoid NNP 34233 339 10 ; ; : 34233 339 11 _ _ NNP 34233 339 12 ant ant NN 34233 339 13 . . . 34233 340 1 sq sq NNP 34233 340 2 . . NNP 34233 340 3 _ _ NNP 34233 340 4 , , , 34233 340 5 anterior anterior JJ 34233 340 6 arm arm NN 34233 340 7 of of IN 34233 340 8 squamosal squamosal NNP 34233 340 9 ; ; : 34233 340 10 _ _ NNP 34233 340 11 b. b. NNP 34233 341 1 ang ang NNP 34233 341 2 . . . 34233 342 1 o. o. NNP 34233 342 2 _ _ NNP 34233 342 3 , , , 34233 342 4 bursa bursa NNP 34233 342 5 angularis angularis NNP 34233 342 6 oris oris NNP 34233 342 7 ; ; : 34233 342 8 _ _ NNP 34233 342 9 fpar fpar NNS 34233 342 10 . . . 34233 342 11 _ _ NNP 34233 342 12 , , , 34233 342 13 frontoparietal frontoparietal JJ 34233 342 14 ; ; : 34233 342 15 _ _ NNP 34233 342 16 fpar fpar NNS 34233 342 17 . . . 34233 343 1 fon fon NN 34233 343 2 . . . 34233 343 3 _ _ NNP 34233 343 4 , , , 34233 343 5 frontoparietal frontoparietal JJ 34233 343 6 fontanelle fontanelle NN 34233 343 7 ; ; : 34233 343 8 _ _ NNP 34233 343 9 l. l. NNP 34233 344 1 perp perp FW 34233 344 2 . . . 34233 344 3 _ _ NNP 34233 344 4 , , , 34233 344 5 lamina lamina NNP 34233 344 6 perpendicularis perpendicularis NNP 34233 344 7 of of IN 34233 344 8 frontoparietale frontoparietale NNP 34233 344 9 ; ; : 34233 344 10 _ _ NNP 34233 344 11 max max NNP 34233 344 12 . . . 34233 344 13 _ _ NNP 34233 344 14 , , , 34233 344 15 maxillary maxillary NNP 34233 344 16 ; ; : 34233 344 17 _ _ NNP 34233 344 18 Mc Mc NNP 34233 344 19 . . . 34233 345 1 c. c. NNP 34233 345 2 _ _ NNP 34233 345 3 , , , 34233 345 4 Meckel Meckel NNP 34233 345 5 's 's POS 34233 345 6 cartilage cartilage NN 34233 345 7 ; ; : 34233 345 8 _ _ NNP 34233 345 9 ocul ocul NNS 34233 345 10 . . . 34233 346 1 f. f. NNP 34233 346 2 _ _ NNP 34233 346 3 , , , 34233 346 4 oculomotor oculomotor NN 34233 346 5 foramen foraman NNS 34233 346 6 ; ; : 34233 346 7 _ _ NNP 34233 346 8 opt opt NNP 34233 346 9 . . . 34233 347 1 f. f. NNP 34233 347 2 _ _ NNP 34233 347 3 , , , 34233 347 4 optic optic JJ 34233 347 5 foramen foraman NNS 34233 347 6 ; ; : 34233 347 7 _ _ NNP 34233 347 8 pasph pasph NN 34233 347 9 . . . 34233 347 10 _ _ NNP 34233 347 11 , , , 34233 347 12 parasphenoid parasphenoid NN 34233 347 13 ; ; : 34233 347 14 _ _ NNP 34233 347 15 psdbas psdbas NNP 34233 347 16 . . . 34233 348 1 proc proc NNS 34233 348 2 . . . 34233 348 3 _ _ NNP 34233 348 4 , , , 34233 348 5 pseudobasal pseudobasal NN 34233 348 6 process process NN 34233 348 7 ; ; : 34233 348 8 _ _ NNP 34233 348 9 pter pter NN 34233 348 10 . . . 34233 349 1 proc proc NNS 34233 349 2 . . . 34233 349 3 _ _ NNP 34233 349 4 , , , 34233 349 5 pterygoid pterygoid JJ 34233 349 6 process process NN 34233 349 7 ; ; : 34233 349 8 _ _ NNP 34233 349 9 scl scl NN 34233 349 10 . . . 34233 349 11 _ _ NNP 34233 349 12 , , , 34233 349 13 sclera sclera NN 34233 349 14 ; ; : 34233 349 15 _ _ NNP 34233 349 16 t. t. NNP 34233 350 1 t. t. NNP 34233 350 2 mar mar NNP 34233 350 3 . . . 34233 350 4 _ _ NNP 34233 350 5 , , , 34233 350 6 taenia taenia NNP 34233 350 7 tecti tecti NN 34233 350 8 marginalis marginalis NNP 34233 350 9 ; ; : 34233 350 10 _ _ NNP 34233 350 11 tymp tymp NN 34233 350 12 . . . 34233 351 1 r. r. NNP 34233 351 2 _ _ NNP 34233 351 3 , , , 34233 351 4 tympanic tympanic JJ 34233 351 5 ring ring NN 34233 351 6 . . . 34233 351 7 ] ] -RRB- 34233 352 1 _ _ NNP 34233 352 2 Pterygoid._--The Pterygoid._--The NNP 34233 352 3 anterior anterior JJ 34233 352 4 terminus terminus NN 34233 352 5 of of IN 34233 352 6 the the DT 34233 352 7 pterygoid pterygoid NN 34233 352 8 ( ( -LRB- 34233 352 9 _ _ NNP 34233 352 10 pter pter NN 34233 352 11 . . . 34233 352 12 _ _ NNP 34233 352 13 , , , 34233 352 14 Fig Fig NNP 34233 352 15 . . . 34233 353 1 1 1 LS 34233 353 2 ) ) -RRB- 34233 353 3 appears appear VBZ 34233 353 4 at at IN 34233 353 5 approximately approximately RB 34233 353 6 the the DT 34233 353 7 mid mid JJ 34233 353 8 - - NN 34233 353 9 length length NN 34233 353 10 of of IN 34233 353 11 the the DT 34233 353 12 orbit orbit NN 34233 353 13 as as IN 34233 353 14 a a DT 34233 353 15 small small JJ 34233 353 16 arcuate arcuate NN 34233 353 17 bone bone NN 34233 353 18 closely closely RB 34233 353 19 applied apply VBD 34233 353 20 to to IN 34233 353 21 the the DT 34233 353 22 posterior posterior NN 34233 353 23 maxillary maxillary JJ 34233 353 24 process process NN 34233 353 25 . . . 34233 354 1 Farther farther RB 34233 354 2 posteriorly posteriorly RB 34233 354 3 the the DT 34233 354 4 maxillary maxillary JJ 34233 354 5 decreases decrease NNS 34233 354 6 in in IN 34233 354 7 size size NN 34233 354 8 , , , 34233 354 9 and and CC 34233 354 10 the the DT 34233 354 11 pterygoid pterygoid JJ 34233 354 12 and and CC 34233 354 13 posterior posterior NNP 34233 354 14 maxillary maxillary JJ 34233 354 15 process process NN 34233 354 16 diverge diverge NN 34233 354 17 medially medially RB 34233 354 18 from from IN 34233 354 19 it -PRON- PRP 34233 354 20 . . . 34233 355 1 Posterior posterior JJ 34233 355 2 to to IN 34233 355 3 this this DT 34233 355 4 point point NN 34233 355 5 of of IN 34233 355 6 divergence divergence NN 34233 355 7 , , , 34233 355 8 the the DT 34233 355 9 posterior posterior NN 34233 355 10 maxillary maxillary JJ 34233 355 11 process process NN 34233 355 12 is be VBZ 34233 355 13 known know VBN 34233 355 14 as as IN 34233 355 15 the the DT 34233 355 16 pterygoid pterygoid JJ 34233 355 17 process process NN 34233 355 18 ( ( -LRB- 34233 355 19 _ _ NNP 34233 355 20 pter pter NN 34233 355 21 . . . 34233 356 1 proc proc NNP 34233 356 2 . . . 34233 356 3 _ _ NNP 34233 356 4 ) ) -RRB- 34233 356 5 . . . 34233 357 1 The the DT 34233 357 2 anterior anterior JJ 34233 357 3 terminus terminus NN 34233 357 4 of of IN 34233 357 5 the the DT 34233 357 6 quadratojugal quadratojugal NNP 34233 357 7 ( ( -LRB- 34233 357 8 _ _ NNP 34233 357 9 qj qj NNP 34233 357 10 . . . 34233 357 11 _ _ NNP 34233 357 12 ) ) -RRB- 34233 357 13 lies lie VBZ 34233 357 14 medial medial JJ 34233 357 15 to to IN 34233 357 16 the the DT 34233 357 17 maxillary maxillary NN 34233 357 18 at at IN 34233 357 19 the the DT 34233 357 20 level level NN 34233 357 21 of of IN 34233 357 22 the the DT 34233 357 23 oculomotor oculomotor NN 34233 357 24 foramen foraman NNS 34233 357 25 ( ( -LRB- 34233 357 26 Fig fig NN 34233 357 27 . . . 34233 358 1 14 14 CD 34233 358 2 ) ) -RRB- 34233 358 3 . . . 34233 359 1 _ _ NNP 34233 359 2 Otic Otic NNP 34233 359 3 region._--The region._--the NN 34233 359 4 anterior anterior JJ 34233 359 5 end end NN 34233 359 6 of of IN 34233 359 7 the the DT 34233 359 8 otic otic JJ 34233 359 9 capsule capsule NN 34233 359 10 ( ( -LRB- 34233 359 11 _ _ NNP 34233 359 12 ot ot NN 34233 359 13 . . . 34233 360 1 cap cap NN 34233 360 2 . . . 34233 360 3 _ _ NNP 34233 360 4 ) ) -RRB- 34233 360 5 is be VBZ 34233 360 6 present present JJ 34233 360 7 at at IN 34233 360 8 the the DT 34233 360 9 anterior anterior JJ 34233 360 10 level level NN 34233 360 11 of of IN 34233 360 12 the the DT 34233 360 13 oculomotor oculomotor NN 34233 360 14 foramen foraman NNS 34233 360 15 . . . 34233 361 1 The the DT 34233 361 2 anterior anterior JJ 34233 361 3 terminus terminus NN 34233 361 4 of of IN 34233 361 5 the the DT 34233 361 6 pseudobasal pseudobasal NN 34233 361 7 process process NN 34233 361 8 ( ( -LRB- 34233 361 9 _ _ NNP 34233 361 10 psdbas psdbas NNP 34233 361 11 . . . 34233 362 1 proc proc NNP 34233 362 2 . . . 34233 362 3 _ _ NNP 34233 362 4 ) ) -RRB- 34233 362 5 lies lie VBZ 34233 362 6 within within IN 34233 362 7 the the DT 34233 362 8 medial medial JJ 34233 362 9 portion portion NN 34233 362 10 of of IN 34233 362 11 the the DT 34233 362 12 pterygoid pterygoid NN 34233 362 13 at at IN 34233 362 14 the the DT 34233 362 15 posterior posterior NNP 34233 362 16 border border NN 34233 362 17 of of IN 34233 362 18 the the DT 34233 362 19 oculomotor oculomotor NN 34233 362 20 foramen foraman NNS 34233 362 21 ( ( -LRB- 34233 362 22 Fig fig NN 34233 362 23 . . . 34233 363 1 15 15 CD 34233 363 2 ) ) -RRB- 34233 363 3 . . . 34233 364 1 The the DT 34233 364 2 pseudobasal pseudobasal NN 34233 364 3 process process NN 34233 364 4 abruptly abruptly RB 34233 364 5 increases increase VBZ 34233 364 6 in in IN 34233 364 7 size size NN 34233 364 8 . . . 34233 365 1 At at IN 34233 365 2 the the DT 34233 365 3 level level NN 34233 365 4 of of IN 34233 365 5 the the DT 34233 365 6 prootic prootic JJ 34233 365 7 foramen foraman NNS 34233 365 8 ( ( -LRB- 34233 365 9 Fig fig NN 34233 365 10 . . . 34233 366 1 16 16 LS 34233 366 2 ) ) -RRB- 34233 366 3 the the DT 34233 366 4 medial medial JJ 34233 366 5 branch branch NN 34233 366 6 of of IN 34233 366 7 the the DT 34233 366 8 pterygoid pterygoid JJ 34233 366 9 diverges diverge NNS 34233 366 10 from from IN 34233 366 11 the the DT 34233 366 12 posterior posterior NNP 34233 366 13 ramus ramus NNP 34233 366 14 and and CC 34233 366 15 is be VBZ 34233 366 16 closely closely RB 34233 366 17 applied apply VBN 34233 366 18 to to IN 34233 366 19 the the DT 34233 366 20 medial medial JJ 34233 366 21 surface surface NN 34233 366 22 of of IN 34233 366 23 the the DT 34233 366 24 pseudobasal pseudobasal NN 34233 366 25 process process NN 34233 366 26 . . . 34233 367 1 The the DT 34233 367 2 otic otic JJ 34233 367 3 process process NN 34233 367 4 extends extend VBZ 34233 367 5 along along IN 34233 367 6 the the DT 34233 367 7 medial medial JJ 34233 367 8 surface surface NN 34233 367 9 of of IN 34233 367 10 the the DT 34233 367 11 squamosal squamosal NN 34233 367 12 from from IN 34233 367 13 the the DT 34233 367 14 dorsolateral dorsolateral JJ 34233 367 15 edge edge NN 34233 367 16 of of IN 34233 367 17 the the DT 34233 367 18 pseudobasal pseudobasal NN 34233 367 19 process process NN 34233 367 20 , , , 34233 367 21 and and CC 34233 367 22 then then RB 34233 367 23 expands expand VBZ 34233 367 24 medially medially RB 34233 367 25 to to TO 34233 367 26 meet meet VB 34233 367 27 the the DT 34233 367 28 bony bony NN 34233 367 29 edge edge NN 34233 367 30 of of IN 34233 367 31 the the DT 34233 367 32 otic otic JJ 34233 367 33 capsule capsule NN 34233 367 34 and and CC 34233 367 35 form form VB 34233 367 36 the the DT 34233 367 37 crista crista NNP 34233 367 38 parotica parotica NN 34233 367 39 . . . 34233 368 1 Posterior posterior JJ 34233 368 2 to to IN 34233 368 3 the the DT 34233 368 4 formation formation NN 34233 368 5 of of IN 34233 368 6 the the DT 34233 368 7 crista crista NNP 34233 368 8 parotica parotica NNP 34233 368 9 , , , 34233 368 10 the the DT 34233 368 11 ventral ventral JJ 34233 368 12 part part NN 34233 368 13 of of IN 34233 368 14 the the DT 34233 368 15 otic otic JJ 34233 368 16 process process NN 34233 368 17 splits split VBZ 34233 368 18 . . . 34233 369 1 The the DT 34233 369 2 medial medial JJ 34233 369 3 part part NN 34233 369 4 forms form VBZ 34233 369 5 the the DT 34233 369 6 ventrolateral ventrolateral JJ 34233 369 7 ledge ledge NN 34233 369 8 of of IN 34233 369 9 the the DT 34233 369 10 otic otic JJ 34233 369 11 capsule capsule NN 34233 369 12 ( ( -LRB- 34233 369 13 _ _ NNP 34233 369 14 vl vl NNP 34233 369 15 . . . 34233 370 1 l. l. NNP 34233 370 2 ot ot NNP 34233 370 3 . . . 34233 371 1 c. c. NNP 34233 371 2 _ _ NNP 34233 371 3 , , , 34233 371 4 Fig Fig NNP 34233 371 5 . . . 34233 372 1 20a 20a NNS 34233 372 2 - - : 34233 372 3 f f NN 34233 372 4 ) ) -RRB- 34233 372 5 , , , 34233 372 6 whereas whereas IN 34233 372 7 the the DT 34233 372 8 lateral lateral JJ 34233 372 9 part part NN 34233 372 10 moves move VBZ 34233 372 11 ventrad ventrad NNP 34233 372 12 in in IN 34233 372 13 association association NNP 34233 372 14 with with IN 34233 372 15 the the DT 34233 372 16 ventral ventral JJ 34233 372 17 arm arm NN 34233 372 18 of of IN 34233 372 19 the the DT 34233 372 20 squamosal squamosal NN 34233 372 21 and and CC 34233 372 22 fuses fuse NNS 34233 372 23 with with IN 34233 372 24 the the DT 34233 372 25 pterygoid pterygoid JJ 34233 372 26 process process NN 34233 372 27 posteriorly posteriorly RB 34233 372 28 . . . 34233 373 1 Posterior posterior JJ 34233 373 2 to to IN 34233 373 3 the the DT 34233 373 4 bony bony NN 34233 373 5 closure closure NN 34233 373 6 of of IN 34233 373 7 the the DT 34233 373 8 prootic prootic JJ 34233 373 9 foramen foraman NNS 34233 373 10 , , , 34233 373 11 the the DT 34233 373 12 ventromedial ventromedial JJ 34233 373 13 part part NN 34233 373 14 of of IN 34233 373 15 the the DT 34233 373 16 pseudobasal pseudobasal NN 34233 373 17 process process NN 34233 373 18 joins join VBZ 34233 373 19 the the DT 34233 373 20 prootic prootic JJ 34233 373 21 and and CC 34233 373 22 forms form VBZ 34233 373 23 the the DT 34233 373 24 ventrolateral ventrolateral JJ 34233 373 25 edge edge NN 34233 373 26 of of IN 34233 373 27 the the DT 34233 373 28 otic otic JJ 34233 373 29 capsule capsule NN 34233 373 30 . . . 34233 374 1 The the DT 34233 374 2 posterior posterior JJ 34233 374 3 terminus terminus NN 34233 374 4 of of IN 34233 374 5 the the DT 34233 374 6 medial medial JJ 34233 374 7 branch branch NN 34233 374 8 of of IN 34233 374 9 the the DT 34233 374 10 pterygoid pterygoid NN 34233 374 11 lies lie NNS 34233 374 12 ventral ventral JJ 34233 374 13 to to IN 34233 374 14 the the DT 34233 374 15 lateral lateral JJ 34233 374 16 part part NN 34233 374 17 of of IN 34233 374 18 the the DT 34233 374 19 otic otic JJ 34233 374 20 capsule capsule NN 34233 374 21 . . . 34233 375 1 The the DT 34233 375 2 posterior posterior JJ 34233 375 3 branch branch NN 34233 375 4 of of IN 34233 375 5 the the DT 34233 375 6 otic otic JJ 34233 375 7 process process NN 34233 375 8 merges merge NNS 34233 375 9 with with IN 34233 375 10 the the DT 34233 375 11 pterygoid pterygoid JJ 34233 375 12 process process NN 34233 375 13 ventrally ventrally RB 34233 375 14 . . . 34233 376 1 [ [ -LRB- 34233 376 2 Illustration illustration NN 34233 376 3 : : : 34233 376 4 FIGS FIGS NNP 34233 376 5 . . . 34233 377 1 16 16 CD 34233 377 2 - - SYM 34233 377 3 17 17 CD 34233 377 4 . . . 34233 378 1 Transverse transverse JJ 34233 378 2 sections section NNS 34233 378 3 through through IN 34233 378 4 otic otic JJ 34233 378 5 region region NN 34233 378 6 : : : 34233 378 7 16 16 CD 34233 378 8 ) ) -RRB- 34233 378 9 at at IN 34233 378 10 level level NN 34233 378 11 of of IN 34233 378 12 prootic prootic JJ 34233 378 13 foramen foraman NNS 34233 378 14 ; ; : 34233 378 15 17 17 CD 34233 378 16 ) ) -RRB- 34233 378 17 at at IN 34233 378 18 level level NN 34233 378 19 of of IN 34233 378 20 anterior anterior JJ 34233 378 21 acoustic acoustic JJ 34233 378 22 foramen foraman NNS 34233 378 23 . . . 34233 379 1 Abbreviations abbreviation NNS 34233 379 2 : : : 34233 379 3 _ _ NNP 34233 379 4 angspl angspl NNP 34233 379 5 . . . 34233 379 6 _ _ NNP 34233 379 7 , , , 34233 379 8 angulosplenial angulosplenial JJ 34233 379 9 ; ; : 34233 379 10 _ _ NNP 34233 379 11 ant ant NN 34233 379 12 . . . 34233 380 1 acus acus NNP 34233 380 2 . . . 34233 381 1 f. f. NNP 34233 381 2 _ _ NNP 34233 381 3 , , , 34233 381 4 anterior anterior NNP 34233 381 5 acoustic acoustic JJ 34233 381 6 foramen foraman NNS 34233 381 7 ; ; : 34233 381 8 _ _ NNP 34233 381 9 cr cr NNP 34233 381 10 . . . 34233 382 1 par par NNP 34233 382 2 . . . 34233 382 3 _ _ NNP 34233 382 4 , , , 34233 382 5 crista crista NNP 34233 382 6 parotica parotica NN 34233 382 7 ; ; : 34233 382 8 _ _ NNP 34233 382 9 fpar fpar NNS 34233 382 10 . . . 34233 382 11 _ _ NNP 34233 382 12 , , , 34233 382 13 frontoparietal frontoparietal JJ 34233 382 14 ; ; : 34233 382 15 _ _ NNP 34233 382 16 max max NNP 34233 382 17 . . . 34233 382 18 _ _ NNP 34233 382 19 , , , 34233 382 20 maxillary maxillary NNP 34233 382 21 ; ; : 34233 382 22 _ _ NNP 34233 382 23 Mc Mc NNP 34233 382 24 . . . 34233 383 1 c. c. NNP 34233 383 2 _ _ NNP 34233 383 3 , , , 34233 383 4 Meckel Meckel NNP 34233 383 5 's 's POS 34233 383 6 cartilage cartilage NN 34233 383 7 ; ; : 34233 383 8 _ _ NNP 34233 383 9 ot ot IN 34233 383 10 . . . 34233 384 1 cap cap NN 34233 384 2 . . . 34233 384 3 _ _ NNP 34233 384 4 , , , 34233 384 5 otic otic JJ 34233 384 6 capsule capsule NN 34233 384 7 ; ; : 34233 384 8 _ _ NNP 34233 384 9 pasph pasph NN 34233 384 10 . . . 34233 384 11 _ _ NNP 34233 384 12 , , , 34233 384 13 parasphenoid parasphenoid NN 34233 384 14 ; ; : 34233 384 15 _ _ NNP 34233 384 16 pro pro FW 34233 384 17 . . . 34233 384 18 _ _ NNP 34233 384 19 , , , 34233 384 20 prootic prootic JJ 34233 384 21 ; ; : 34233 384 22 _ _ NNP 34233 384 23 psdbas psdbas NNP 34233 384 24 . . . 34233 385 1 proc proc NNS 34233 385 2 . . . 34233 385 3 _ _ NNP 34233 385 4 , , , 34233 385 5 pseudobasal pseudobasal NN 34233 385 6 process process NN 34233 385 7 ; ; : 34233 385 8 _ _ NNP 34233 385 9 pter pter NN 34233 385 10 . . . 34233 385 11 _ _ NNP 34233 385 12 , , , 34233 385 13 pterygoid pterygoid NN 34233 385 14 ; ; : 34233 385 15 _ _ NNP 34233 385 16 pter pter NN 34233 385 17 . . . 34233 386 1 proc proc NNS 34233 386 2 . . . 34233 386 3 _ _ NNP 34233 386 4 , , , 34233 386 5 pterygoid pterygoid JJ 34233 386 6 process process NN 34233 386 7 ; ; : 34233 386 8 _ _ NNP 34233 386 9 qj qj NNP 34233 386 10 . . . 34233 386 11 _ _ NNP 34233 386 12 , , , 34233 386 13 quadratojugal quadratojugal NNP 34233 386 14 ; ; : 34233 386 15 _ _ NNP 34233 386 16 sq sq NNP 34233 386 17 . . NNP 34233 386 18 _ _ NNP 34233 386 19 , , , 34233 386 20 squamosal squamosal NNP 34233 386 21 ; ; : 34233 386 22 _ _ NNP 34233 386 23 tect tect NN 34233 386 24 . . . 34233 387 1 syn syn UH 34233 387 2 . . . 34233 387 3 _ _ NNP 34233 387 4 , , , 34233 387 5 tectum tectum NN 34233 387 6 synoticum synoticum NN 34233 387 7 ; ; : 34233 387 8 _ _ NNP 34233 387 9 tymp tymp NN 34233 387 10 . . . 34233 388 1 r. r. NNP 34233 388 2 _ _ NNP 34233 388 3 , , , 34233 388 4 tympanic tympanic JJ 34233 388 5 ring ring NN 34233 388 6 . . . 34233 388 7 ] ] -RRB- 34233 389 1 [ [ -LRB- 34233 389 2 Illustration illustration NN 34233 389 3 : : : 34233 389 4 FIGS FIGS NNP 34233 389 5 . . . 34233 390 1 18 18 CD 34233 390 2 - - SYM 34233 390 3 19 19 CD 34233 390 4 . . . 34233 391 1 Transverse transverse JJ 34233 391 2 sections section NNS 34233 391 3 through through IN 34233 391 4 otic otic JJ 34233 391 5 capsule capsule NN 34233 391 6 : : : 34233 391 7 18 18 CD 34233 391 8 ) ) -RRB- 34233 391 9 at at IN 34233 391 10 level level NN 34233 391 11 of of IN 34233 391 12 posterior posterior NN 34233 391 13 acoustic acoustic JJ 34233 391 14 foramen foraman NNS 34233 391 15 ; ; : 34233 391 16 19 19 CD 34233 391 17 ) ) -RRB- 34233 391 18 at at IN 34233 391 19 level level NN 34233 391 20 of of IN 34233 391 21 jugular jugular JJ 34233 391 22 foramen foraman NNS 34233 391 23 . . . 34233 392 1 Abbreviations abbreviation NNS 34233 392 2 : : : 34233 392 3 _ _ NNP 34233 392 4 angspl angspl NNP 34233 392 5 . . . 34233 392 6 _ _ NNP 34233 392 7 , , , 34233 392 8 angulosplenial angulosplenial JJ 34233 392 9 ; ; : 34233 392 10 _ _ NNP 34233 392 11 corn corn NN 34233 392 12 . . . 34233 393 1 prin prin NNP 34233 393 2 . . . 34233 393 3 _ _ NNP 34233 393 4 , , , 34233 393 5 cornu cornu NNP 34233 393 6 principalis principalis NNP 34233 393 7 ; ; : 34233 393 8 _ _ NNP 34233 393 9 cr cr NNP 34233 393 10 . . . 34233 394 1 par par NNP 34233 394 2 . . . 34233 394 3 _ _ NNP 34233 394 4 , , , 34233 394 5 crista crista NNP 34233 394 6 parotica parotica NN 34233 394 7 ; ; : 34233 394 8 _ _ NNP 34233 394 9 exocc exocc NNP 34233 394 10 . . . 34233 394 11 _ _ NNP 34233 394 12 , , , 34233 394 13 exoccipital exoccipital JJ 34233 394 14 ; ; : 34233 394 15 _ _ NNP 34233 394 16 fpar fpar NNS 34233 394 17 . . . 34233 394 18 _ _ NNP 34233 394 19 , , , 34233 394 20 frontoparietal frontoparietal JJ 34233 394 21 ; ; : 34233 394 22 _ _ NNP 34233 394 23 jug jug NN 34233 394 24 . . . 34233 395 1 f. f. NNP 34233 395 2 _ _ NNP 34233 395 3 , , , 34233 395 4 jugular jugular NNP 34233 395 5 foramen foraman NNS 34233 395 6 ; ; : 34233 395 7 _ _ NNP 34233 395 8 max max NNP 34233 395 9 . . . 34233 395 10 _ _ NNP 34233 395 11 , , , 34233 395 12 maxillary maxillary NNP 34233 395 13 ; ; : 34233 395 14 _ _ NNP 34233 395 15 Mc Mc NNP 34233 395 16 . . . 34233 396 1 c. c. NNP 34233 396 2 _ _ NNP 34233 396 3 , , , 34233 396 4 Meckel Meckel NNP 34233 396 5 's 's POS 34233 396 6 cartilage cartilage NN 34233 396 7 ; ; : 34233 396 8 _ _ NNP 34233 396 9 ot ot IN 34233 396 10 . . . 34233 397 1 cap cap NN 34233 397 2 . . . 34233 397 3 _ _ NNP 34233 397 4 , , , 34233 397 5 otic otic JJ 34233 397 6 capsule capsule NN 34233 397 7 ; ; : 34233 397 8 _ _ NNP 34233 397 9 p. p. NN 34233 398 1 ext ext UH 34233 398 2 . . . 34233 399 1 pl pl NNP 34233 399 2 . . NNP 34233 399 3 _ _ NNP 34233 399 4 , , , 34233 399 5 pars par NNS 34233 399 6 externa externa NNP 34233 399 7 plectri plectri NN 34233 399 8 ; ; : 34233 399 9 _ _ NNP 34233 399 10 p. p. NN 34233 400 1 int int UH 34233 400 2 . . . 34233 401 1 pl pl NNP 34233 401 2 . . NNP 34233 401 3 _ _ NNP 34233 401 4 , , , 34233 401 5 pars par NNS 34233 401 6 interna interna NNP 34233 401 7 plectri plectri NNP 34233 401 8 ; ; : 34233 401 9 _ _ NNP 34233 401 10 p. p. NN 34233 402 1 med med JJ 34233 402 2 . . . 34233 403 1 pl pl NNP 34233 403 2 . . NNP 34233 403 3 _ _ NNP 34233 403 4 , , , 34233 403 5 pars par VBZ 34233 403 6 media medium NNS 34233 403 7 plectri plectri NN 34233 403 8 ; ; : 34233 403 9 _ _ NNP 34233 403 10 pasph pasph NN 34233 403 11 . . . 34233 403 12 _ _ NNP 34233 403 13 , , , 34233 403 14 parasphenoid parasphenoid NN 34233 403 15 ; ; : 34233 403 16 _ _ NNP 34233 403 17 post post NN 34233 403 18 . . . 34233 404 1 acus acus NNP 34233 404 2 . . . 34233 405 1 f. f. NNP 34233 405 2 _ _ NNP 34233 405 3 , , , 34233 405 4 posterior posterior NNP 34233 405 5 acoustic acoustic JJ 34233 405 6 foramen foraman NNS 34233 405 7 ; ; : 34233 405 8 _ _ NNP 34233 405 9 postlat postlat NN 34233 405 10 . . . 34233 406 1 cr cr NNP 34233 406 2 . . . 34233 407 1 par par NNP 34233 407 2 . . . 34233 407 3 _ _ NNP 34233 407 4 , , , 34233 407 5 posterolateral posterolateral JJ 34233 407 6 edge edge NN 34233 407 7 of of IN 34233 407 8 crista crista NNP 34233 407 9 parotica parotica NN 34233 407 10 ; ; : 34233 407 11 _ _ NNP 34233 407 12 pro pro FW 34233 407 13 . . . 34233 407 14 _ _ NNP 34233 407 15 , , , 34233 407 16 prootic prootic JJ 34233 407 17 ; ; : 34233 407 18 _ _ NNP 34233 407 19 pter pter NN 34233 407 20 . . . 34233 407 21 _ _ NNP 34233 407 22 , , , 34233 407 23 pterygoid pterygoid NN 34233 407 24 ; ; : 34233 407 25 _ _ NNP 34233 407 26 pter pter NN 34233 407 27 . . . 34233 408 1 proc proc NNS 34233 408 2 . . . 34233 408 3 _ _ NNP 34233 408 4 , , , 34233 408 5 pterygoid pterygoid JJ 34233 408 6 process process NN 34233 408 7 ; ; : 34233 408 8 _ _ NNP 34233 408 9 quad quad NN 34233 408 10 . . . 34233 409 1 proc proc NNP 34233 409 2 . . . 34233 409 3 _ _ NNP 34233 409 4 , , , 34233 409 5 quadrate quadrate JJ 34233 409 6 process process NN 34233 409 7 ; ; : 34233 409 8 _ _ NNP 34233 409 9 qj qj NNP 34233 409 10 . . . 34233 409 11 _ _ NNP 34233 409 12 quadratojugal quadratojugal NN 34233 409 13 ; ; : 34233 409 14 _ _ NNP 34233 409 15 sq sq NNP 34233 409 16 . . NNP 34233 409 17 _ _ NNP 34233 409 18 , , , 34233 409 19 squamosal squamosal NNP 34233 409 20 ; ; : 34233 409 21 _ _ NNP 34233 409 22 tect tect NN 34233 409 23 . . . 34233 410 1 syn syn UH 34233 410 2 . . . 34233 410 3 _ _ NNP 34233 410 4 , , , 34233 410 5 tectum tectum NN 34233 410 6 synoticum synoticum NN 34233 410 7 ; ; : 34233 410 8 _ _ NNP 34233 410 9 tymp tymp NN 34233 410 10 . . . 34233 411 1 r. r. NNP 34233 411 2 _ _ NNP 34233 411 3 , , , 34233 411 4 tympanic tympanic JJ 34233 411 5 ring ring NN 34233 411 6 . . . 34233 411 7 ] ] -RRB- 34233 412 1 At at IN 34233 412 2 the the DT 34233 412 3 level level NN 34233 412 4 of of IN 34233 412 5 the the DT 34233 412 6 anterior anterior NNP 34233 412 7 acoustic acoustic NNP 34233 412 8 foramen foraman NNS 34233 412 9 the the DT 34233 412 10 cornu cornu NNP 34233 412 11 principalis principalis NNP 34233 412 12 of of IN 34233 412 13 the the DT 34233 412 14 hyale hyale NN 34233 412 15 ( ( -LRB- 34233 412 16 _ _ NNP 34233 412 17 corn corn NN 34233 412 18 . . . 34233 413 1 prin prin NNP 34233 413 2 . . . 34233 413 3 _ _ NNP 34233 413 4 ) ) -RRB- 34233 413 5 appears appear VBZ 34233 413 6 as as IN 34233 413 7 a a DT 34233 413 8 lateral lateral JJ 34233 413 9 ledge ledge NN 34233 413 10 at at IN 34233 413 11 the the DT 34233 413 12 ventrolateral ventrolateral JJ 34233 413 13 corner corner NN 34233 413 14 of of IN 34233 413 15 the the DT 34233 413 16 otic otic JJ 34233 413 17 capsule capsule NN 34233 413 18 ( ( -LRB- 34233 413 19 Fig fig NN 34233 413 20 . . . 34233 414 1 20a 20a NNS 34233 414 2 - - : 34233 414 3 b b NN 34233 414 4 ) ) -RRB- 34233 414 5 . . . 34233 415 1 The the DT 34233 415 2 cornu cornu NN 34233 415 3 principalis principalis NN 34233 415 4 diverges diverge VBZ 34233 415 5 from from IN 34233 415 6 the the DT 34233 415 7 ledge ledge NN 34233 415 8 at at IN 34233 415 9 the the DT 34233 415 10 level level NN 34233 415 11 of of IN 34233 415 12 the the DT 34233 415 13 abbreviated abbreviate VBN 34233 415 14 bridge bridge NN 34233 415 15 between between IN 34233 415 16 the the DT 34233 415 17 anterior anterior NNP 34233 415 18 and and CC 34233 415 19 posterior posterior NNP 34233 415 20 acoustic acoustic NNP 34233 415 21 foramina foramina NNP 34233 415 22 . . . 34233 416 1 In in IN 34233 416 2 posterior posterior NN 34233 416 3 sections section NNS 34233 416 4 the the DT 34233 416 5 cornu cornu NNP 34233 416 6 lies lie VBZ 34233 416 7 medial medial JJ 34233 416 8 to to IN 34233 416 9 the the DT 34233 416 10 squamosal squamosal NN 34233 416 11 - - HYPH 34233 416 12 pterygoid pterygoid NN 34233 416 13 process process NN 34233 416 14 - - HYPH 34233 416 15 pterygoid pterygoid NN 34233 416 16 complex complex NN 34233 416 17 ( ( -LRB- 34233 416 18 Fig fig NN 34233 416 19 . . . 34233 417 1 18 18 CD 34233 417 2 ) ) -RRB- 34233 417 3 . . . 34233 418 1 The the DT 34233 418 2 posterior posterior JJ 34233 418 3 terminus terminus NN 34233 418 4 of of IN 34233 418 5 the the DT 34233 418 6 cornu cornu NN 34233 418 7 lies lie VBZ 34233 418 8 at at IN 34233 418 9 a a DT 34233 418 10 level level NN 34233 418 11 with with IN 34233 418 12 that that DT 34233 418 13 of of IN 34233 418 14 the the DT 34233 418 15 posterior posterior JJ 34233 418 16 acoustic acoustic JJ 34233 418 17 foramen foraman NNS 34233 418 18 . . . 34233 419 1 The the DT 34233 419 2 pars par NNS 34233 419 3 externa externa NNP 34233 419 4 plectri plectri NNP 34233 419 5 ( ( -LRB- 34233 419 6 _ _ NNP 34233 419 7 p p NNP 34233 419 8 . . . 34233 420 1 ext ext UH 34233 420 2 . . . 34233 421 1 pl pl NNP 34233 421 2 . . NNP 34233 421 3 _ _ NNP 34233 421 4 , , , 34233 421 5 Fig Fig NNP 34233 421 6 . . . 34233 422 1 20a 20a NNS 34233 422 2 - - : 34233 422 3 b b NN 34233 422 4 ) ) -RRB- 34233 422 5 is be VBZ 34233 422 6 cartilaginous cartilaginous JJ 34233 422 7 and and CC 34233 422 8 first first JJ 34233 422 9 appears appear VBZ 34233 422 10 dorsal dorsal NN 34233 422 11 to to IN 34233 422 12 the the DT 34233 422 13 ventral ventral JJ 34233 422 14 arm arm NN 34233 422 15 of of IN 34233 422 16 the the DT 34233 422 17 squamosal squamosal NNP 34233 422 18 in in IN 34233 422 19 association association NNP 34233 422 20 with with IN 34233 422 21 the the DT 34233 422 22 tympanic tympanic JJ 34233 422 23 membrane membrane NN 34233 422 24 . . . 34233 423 1 The the DT 34233 423 2 pars par NNS 34233 423 3 externa externa VBD 34233 423 4 plectri plectri NN 34233 423 5 expands expand VBZ 34233 423 6 dorsomedially dorsomedially RB 34233 423 7 and and CC 34233 423 8 is be VBZ 34233 423 9 fused fuse VBN 34233 423 10 briefly briefly RB 34233 423 11 to to IN 34233 423 12 the the DT 34233 423 13 crista crista NN 34233 423 14 parotica parotica NN 34233 423 15 by by IN 34233 423 16 the the DT 34233 423 17 pars par NNS 34233 423 18 ascendens ascenden VBZ 34233 423 19 plectri plectri NN 34233 423 20 ( ( -LRB- 34233 423 21 _ _ NNP 34233 423 22 p p NNP 34233 423 23 . . . 34233 424 1 asc asc UH 34233 424 2 . . . 34233 425 1 pl pl NNP 34233 425 2 . . NNP 34233 425 3 _ _ NNP 34233 425 4 , , , 34233 425 5 Fig Fig NNP 34233 425 6 . . . 34233 426 1 20b 20b NNS 34233 426 2 ) ) -RRB- 34233 426 3 . . . 34233 427 1 The the DT 34233 427 2 pars par NNS 34233 427 3 interna interna NNP 34233 427 4 plectri plectri NNP 34233 427 5 ( ( -LRB- 34233 427 6 _ _ NNP 34233 427 7 p p NNP 34233 427 8 . . . 34233 428 1 int int UH 34233 428 2 . . . 34233 429 1 pl pl NNP 34233 429 2 . . NNP 34233 429 3 _ _ NNP 34233 429 4 , , , 34233 429 5 Fig Fig NNP 34233 429 6 . . . 34233 430 1 20b 20b NNS 34233 430 2 - - : 34233 430 3 f f NN 34233 430 4 ) ) -RRB- 34233 430 5 is be VBZ 34233 430 6 cartilaginous cartilaginous JJ 34233 430 7 and and CC 34233 430 8 appears appear VBZ 34233 430 9 medial medial JJ 34233 430 10 to to IN 34233 430 11 the the DT 34233 430 12 pars par NNS 34233 430 13 media media NN 34233 430 14 plectri plectri NN 34233 430 15 and and CC 34233 430 16 the the DT 34233 430 17 ventrolateral ventrolateral JJ 34233 430 18 ledge ledge NN 34233 430 19 of of IN 34233 430 20 the the DT 34233 430 21 otic otic JJ 34233 430 22 capsule capsule NN 34233 430 23 at at IN 34233 430 24 the the DT 34233 430 25 level level NN 34233 430 26 of of IN 34233 430 27 the the DT 34233 430 28 anterior anterior NNP 34233 430 29 acoustic acoustic JJ 34233 430 30 foramen foraman NNS 34233 430 31 . . . 34233 431 1 The the DT 34233 431 2 pars par NNS 34233 431 3 media media NN 34233 431 4 plectri plectri NN 34233 431 5 ( ( -LRB- 34233 431 6 _ _ NNP 34233 431 7 p p NNP 34233 431 8 . . . 34233 432 1 med med JJ 34233 432 2 . . . 34233 433 1 pl pl NNP 34233 433 2 . . NNP 34233 433 3 _ _ NNP 34233 433 4 , , , 34233 433 5 Fig Fig NNP 34233 433 6 . . . 34233 434 1 20b 20b NNS 34233 434 2 - - : 34233 434 3 f f NN 34233 434 4 ) ) -RRB- 34233 434 5 , , , 34233 434 6 a a DT 34233 434 7 cartilage cartilage NN 34233 434 8 and and CC 34233 434 9 bone bone NN 34233 434 10 element element NN 34233 434 11 , , , 34233 434 12 appears appear VBZ 34233 434 13 proximally proximally RB 34233 434 14 at at IN 34233 434 15 the the DT 34233 434 16 dorsolateral dorsolateral JJ 34233 434 17 edge edge NN 34233 434 18 of of IN 34233 434 19 the the DT 34233 434 20 otic otic JJ 34233 434 21 capsule capsule NN 34233 434 22 and and CC 34233 434 23 distally distally RB 34233 434 24 , , , 34233 434 25 ventral ventral JJ 34233 434 26 to to IN 34233 434 27 the the DT 34233 434 28 squamosal squamosal NN 34233 434 29 at at IN 34233 434 30 a a DT 34233 434 31 level level NN 34233 434 32 between between IN 34233 434 33 the the DT 34233 434 34 anterior anterior NN 34233 434 35 and and CC 34233 434 36 posterior posterior NNP 34233 434 37 acoustic acoustic NNP 34233 434 38 foramina foramina NNP 34233 434 39 . . . 34233 435 1 At at IN 34233 435 2 the the DT 34233 435 3 level level NN 34233 435 4 of of IN 34233 435 5 the the DT 34233 435 6 posterior posterior NN 34233 435 7 acoustic acoustic JJ 34233 435 8 foramina foramina NNP 34233 435 9 the the DT 34233 435 10 pars par NNS 34233 435 11 media media NN 34233 435 12 plectri plectri NN 34233 435 13 is be VBZ 34233 435 14 bony bony NN 34233 435 15 , , , 34233 435 16 greatly greatly RB 34233 435 17 expanded expand VBN 34233 435 18 in in IN 34233 435 19 size size NN 34233 435 20 , , , 34233 435 21 and and CC 34233 435 22 joined join VBD 34233 435 23 to to IN 34233 435 24 the the DT 34233 435 25 pars par NNS 34233 435 26 interna interna NNP 34233 435 27 plectri plectri VBP 34233 435 28 medially medially RB 34233 435 29 . . . 34233 436 1 The the DT 34233 436 2 operculum operculum NN 34233 436 3 ( ( -LRB- 34233 436 4 _ _ NNP 34233 436 5 op op NN 34233 436 6 . . . 34233 436 7 _ _ NNP 34233 436 8 , , , 34233 436 9 Fig Fig NNP 34233 436 10 . . . 34233 437 1 20d 20d NNS 34233 437 2 - - HYPH 34233 437 3 h h NN 34233 437 4 ) ) -RRB- 34233 437 5 is be VBZ 34233 437 6 cartilaginous cartilaginous JJ 34233 437 7 and and CC 34233 437 8 lies lie VBZ 34233 437 9 medial medial JJ 34233 437 10 to to IN 34233 437 11 the the DT 34233 437 12 lateral lateral JJ 34233 437 13 edge edge NN 34233 437 14 of of IN 34233 437 15 the the DT 34233 437 16 otic otic JJ 34233 437 17 capsule capsule NN 34233 437 18 between between IN 34233 437 19 the the DT 34233 437 20 pars par NNS 34233 437 21 interna interna NNP 34233 437 22 plectri plectri NNP 34233 437 23 and and CC 34233 437 24 pars par VBZ 34233 437 25 media medium NNS 34233 437 26 plectri plectri NN 34233 437 27 . . . 34233 438 1 The the DT 34233 438 2 anterior anterior JJ 34233 438 3 end end NN 34233 438 4 of of IN 34233 438 5 the the DT 34233 438 6 operculum operculum NN 34233 438 7 ( ( -LRB- 34233 438 8 Fig fig NN 34233 438 9 . . . 34233 439 1 20d 20d NNS 34233 439 2 ) ) -RRB- 34233 439 3 lies lie VBZ 34233 439 4 at at IN 34233 439 5 a a DT 34233 439 6 level level NN 34233 439 7 corresponding correspond VBG 34233 439 8 to to IN 34233 439 9 the the DT 34233 439 10 posterior posterior JJ 34233 439 11 part part NN 34233 439 12 of of IN 34233 439 13 the the DT 34233 439 14 posterior posterior NNP 34233 439 15 acoustic acoustic JJ 34233 439 16 foramen foraman NNS 34233 439 17 . . . 34233 440 1 Posteriorly posteriorly RB 34233 440 2 the the DT 34233 440 3 operculum operculum NN 34233 440 4 increases increase VBZ 34233 440 5 in in IN 34233 440 6 size size NN 34233 440 7 , , , 34233 440 8 and and CC 34233 440 9 the the DT 34233 440 10 pars par NNS 34233 440 11 interna interna NNP 34233 440 12 plectri plectri NNP 34233 440 13 and and CC 34233 440 14 pars par VBZ 34233 440 15 media medium NNS 34233 440 16 plectri plectri NN 34233 440 17 are be VBP 34233 440 18 reduced reduce VBN 34233 440 19 ( ( -LRB- 34233 440 20 Fig fig NN 34233 440 21 . . . 34233 441 1 20e 20e NNS 34233 441 2 - - : 34233 441 3 f f NN 34233 441 4 ) ) -RRB- 34233 441 5 . . . 34233 442 1 At at IN 34233 442 2 a a DT 34233 442 3 level level NN 34233 442 4 corresponding correspond VBG 34233 442 5 to to IN 34233 442 6 the the DT 34233 442 7 posterior posterior JJ 34233 442 8 border border NN 34233 442 9 of of IN 34233 442 10 the the DT 34233 442 11 posterior posterior NN 34233 442 12 acoustic acoustic JJ 34233 442 13 foramen foraman NNS 34233 442 14 the the DT 34233 442 15 medial medial JJ 34233 442 16 portion portion NN 34233 442 17 of of IN 34233 442 18 the the DT 34233 442 19 pars par NNS 34233 442 20 interna interna NNP 34233 442 21 plectri plectri NNP 34233 442 22 disappears disappear VBZ 34233 442 23 and and CC 34233 442 24 leaves leave VBZ 34233 442 25 a a DT 34233 442 26 small small JJ 34233 442 27 lateral lateral JJ 34233 442 28 rod rod NN 34233 442 29 of of IN 34233 442 30 cartilage cartilage NN 34233 442 31 surrounded surround VBN 34233 442 32 on on IN 34233 442 33 all all DT 34233 442 34 but but IN 34233 442 35 the the DT 34233 442 36 ventral ventral JJ 34233 442 37 side side NN 34233 442 38 by by IN 34233 442 39 the the DT 34233 442 40 operculum operculum NN 34233 442 41 ( ( -LRB- 34233 442 42 Fig fig NN 34233 442 43 . . . 34233 443 1 20f 20f NNS 34233 443 2 ) ) -RRB- 34233 443 3 . . . 34233 444 1 The the DT 34233 444 2 operculum operculum NN 34233 444 3 expands expand VBZ 34233 444 4 medially medially RB 34233 444 5 to to TO 34233 444 6 merge merge VB 34233 444 7 with with IN 34233 444 8 the the DT 34233 444 9 main main JJ 34233 444 10 part part NN 34233 444 11 of of IN 34233 444 12 the the DT 34233 444 13 otic otic JJ 34233 444 14 capsule capsule NN 34233 444 15 ( ( -LRB- 34233 444 16 Fig fig NN 34233 444 17 . . . 34233 445 1 20 20 CD 34233 445 2 g g NN 34233 445 3 ) ) -RRB- 34233 445 4 . . . 34233 446 1 The the DT 34233 446 2 lateral lateral JJ 34233 446 3 edge edge NN 34233 446 4 of of IN 34233 446 5 the the DT 34233 446 6 operculum operculum NN 34233 446 7 expands expand VBZ 34233 446 8 ventrally ventrally RB 34233 446 9 and and CC 34233 446 10 then then RB 34233 446 11 dorsomedially dorsomedially RB 34233 446 12 to to TO 34233 446 13 form form VB 34233 446 14 a a DT 34233 446 15 complete complete JJ 34233 446 16 tube tube NN 34233 446 17 . . . 34233 447 1 Slightly slightly RB 34233 447 2 more more RBR 34233 447 3 posteriorly posteriorly RB 34233 447 4 the the DT 34233 447 5 cartilaginous cartilaginous JJ 34233 447 6 lateral lateral JJ 34233 447 7 edge edge NN 34233 447 8 of of IN 34233 447 9 the the DT 34233 447 10 otic otic JJ 34233 447 11 capsule capsule NN 34233 447 12 , , , 34233 447 13 lateral lateral JJ 34233 447 14 to to IN 34233 447 15 the the DT 34233 447 16 operculum operculum NN 34233 447 17 , , , 34233 447 18 dissipates dissipate VBZ 34233 447 19 into into IN 34233 447 20 connective connective JJ 34233 447 21 tissue tissue NN 34233 447 22 and and CC 34233 447 23 finally finally RB 34233 447 24 disappears disappear VBZ 34233 447 25 , , , 34233 447 26 leaving leave VBG 34233 447 27 the the DT 34233 447 28 posterior posterior NN 34233 447 29 end end NN 34233 447 30 of of IN 34233 447 31 the the DT 34233 447 32 operculum operculum NN 34233 447 33 as as IN 34233 447 34 the the DT 34233 447 35 most most RBS 34233 447 36 distal distal JJ 34233 447 37 element element NN 34233 447 38 of of IN 34233 447 39 the the DT 34233 447 40 otic otic JJ 34233 447 41 capsule capsule NN 34233 447 42 ( ( -LRB- 34233 447 43 Fig fig NN 34233 447 44 . . . 34233 448 1 20h 20h NNS 34233 448 2 ) ) -RRB- 34233 448 3 . . . 34233 449 1 [ [ -LRB- 34233 449 2 Illustration illustration NN 34233 449 3 : : : 34233 449 4 FIG FIG NNP 34233 449 5 . . . 34233 450 1 20 20 CD 34233 450 2 . . . 34233 451 1 Transverse transverse JJ 34233 451 2 sections section NNS 34233 451 3 through through IN 34233 451 4 otic otic JJ 34233 451 5 capsule capsule NN 34233 451 6 : : : 34233 451 7 _ _ NNP 34233 451 8 a a DT 34233 451 9 _ _ NNP 34233 451 10 ) ) -RRB- 34233 451 11 level level NN 34233 451 12 of of IN 34233 451 13 anterior anterior JJ 34233 451 14 ledge ledge NN 34233 451 15 of of IN 34233 451 16 otic otic JJ 34233 451 17 capsule capsule NN 34233 451 18 ; ; : 34233 451 19 _ _ NNP 34233 451 20 b b NNP 34233 451 21 _ _ NNP 34233 451 22 ) ) -RRB- 34233 451 23 anterior anterior JJ 34233 451 24 level level NN 34233 451 25 of of IN 34233 451 26 pars par NNS 34233 451 27 interna interna NNP 34233 451 28 plectri plectri NNP 34233 451 29 and and CC 34233 451 30 pars par NNS 34233 451 31 ascendens ascenden VBZ 34233 451 32 plectri plectri NN 34233 451 33 ; ; : 34233 451 34 _ _ NNP 34233 451 35 c c NNP 34233 451 36 _ _ NNP 34233 451 37 ) ) -RRB- 34233 451 38 level level NN 34233 451 39 of of IN 34233 451 40 pars par NNS 34233 451 41 media media NN 34233 451 42 plectri plectri NN 34233 451 43 ; ; : 34233 451 44 _ _ NNP 34233 451 45 d d NNP 34233 451 46 - - HYPH 34233 451 47 f f NNP 34233 451 48 _ _ NNP 34233 451 49 ) ) -RRB- 34233 451 50 successive successive JJ 34233 451 51 levels level NNS 34233 451 52 of of IN 34233 451 53 operculum operculum NN 34233 451 54 and and CC 34233 451 55 pars par NNS 34233 451 56 media medium NNS 34233 451 57 plectri plectri NN 34233 451 58 ; ; : 34233 451 59 _ _ NNP 34233 451 60 g g NNP 34233 451 61 - - HYPH 34233 451 62 h h NNP 34233 451 63 _ _ NNP 34233 451 64 ) ) -RRB- 34233 451 65 posterior posterior NN 34233 451 66 levels level NNS 34233 451 67 of of IN 34233 451 68 operculum operculum NN 34233 451 69 . . . 34233 452 1 Abbreviations abbreviation NNS 34233 452 2 : : : 34233 452 3 _ _ NNP 34233 452 4 corn corn NN 34233 452 5 . . . 34233 453 1 prin prin NNP 34233 453 2 . . . 34233 453 3 _ _ NNP 34233 453 4 , , , 34233 453 5 cornu cornu NNP 34233 453 6 principalis principalis NNP 34233 453 7 ; ; : 34233 453 8 _ _ NNP 34233 453 9 cr cr NNP 34233 453 10 . . . 34233 454 1 par par NNP 34233 454 2 . . . 34233 454 3 _ _ NNP 34233 454 4 , , , 34233 454 5 crista crista NNP 34233 454 6 parotica parotica NN 34233 454 7 ; ; : 34233 454 8 _ _ NNP 34233 454 9 op op NN 34233 454 10 . . . 34233 454 11 _ _ NNP 34233 454 12 , , , 34233 454 13 operculum operculum NNP 34233 454 14 ; ; : 34233 454 15 _ _ NNP 34233 454 16 p. p. NN 34233 455 1 asc asc UH 34233 455 2 . . . 34233 456 1 pl pl NNP 34233 456 2 . . NNP 34233 456 3 _ _ NNP 34233 456 4 , , , 34233 456 5 pars par NNS 34233 456 6 ascendens ascendens NNP 34233 456 7 plectri plectri NN 34233 456 8 ; ; : 34233 456 9 _ _ NNP 34233 456 10 p. p. NN 34233 457 1 ext ext UH 34233 457 2 . . . 34233 458 1 pl pl NNP 34233 458 2 . . NNP 34233 458 3 _ _ NNP 34233 458 4 , , , 34233 458 5 pars par NNS 34233 458 6 externa externa NNP 34233 458 7 plectri plectri NN 34233 458 8 ; ; : 34233 458 9 _ _ NNP 34233 458 10 p. p. NN 34233 459 1 int int UH 34233 459 2 . . . 34233 460 1 pl pl NNP 34233 460 2 . . NNP 34233 460 3 _ _ NNP 34233 460 4 , , , 34233 460 5 pars par NNS 34233 460 6 interna interna NNP 34233 460 7 plectri plectri NNP 34233 460 8 ; ; : 34233 460 9 _ _ NNP 34233 460 10 p. p. NN 34233 461 1 med med JJ 34233 461 2 . . . 34233 462 1 pl pl NNP 34233 462 2 . . NNP 34233 462 3 _ _ NNP 34233 462 4 , , , 34233 462 5 pars par VBZ 34233 462 6 media medium NNS 34233 462 7 plectri plectri NN 34233 462 8 ; ; : 34233 462 9 _ _ NNP 34233 462 10 sq sq NNP 34233 462 11 . . NNP 34233 462 12 _ _ NNP 34233 462 13 , , , 34233 462 14 squamosal squamosal NNP 34233 462 15 ; ; : 34233 462 16 _ _ NNP 34233 462 17 tymp tymp NN 34233 462 18 . . . 34233 463 1 r. r. NNP 34233 463 2 _ _ NNP 34233 463 3 , , , 34233 463 4 tympanic tympanic JJ 34233 463 5 ring ring NN 34233 463 6 ; ; : 34233 463 7 _ _ NNP 34233 463 8 vl vl NNP 34233 463 9 . . . 34233 464 1 l. l. NNP 34233 464 2 ot ot NNP 34233 464 3 . . . 34233 465 1 c. c. NNP 34233 465 2 _ _ NNP 34233 465 3 , , , 34233 465 4 ventrolateral ventrolateral JJ 34233 465 5 ledge ledge NN 34233 465 6 of of IN 34233 465 7 otic otic JJ 34233 465 8 capsule capsule NN 34233 465 9 . . . 34233 465 10 ] ] -RRB- 34233 466 1 _ _ NNP 34233 466 2 Ossification Ossification NNP 34233 466 3 in in IN 34233 466 4 otic otic JJ 34233 466 5 and and CC 34233 466 6 occipital occipital JJ 34233 466 7 regions._--The regions._--The HYPH 34233 466 8 otic otic JJ 34233 466 9 region region NN 34233 466 10 of of IN 34233 466 11 the the DT 34233 466 12 cranium cranium NN 34233 466 13 is be VBZ 34233 466 14 largely largely RB 34233 466 15 unossified unossified JJ 34233 466 16 . . . 34233 467 1 At at IN 34233 467 2 the the DT 34233 467 3 level level NN 34233 467 4 of of IN 34233 467 5 the the DT 34233 467 6 optic optic JJ 34233 467 7 foramen foraman NNS 34233 467 8 ( ( -LRB- 34233 467 9 Fig fig NN 34233 467 10 . . . 34233 468 1 14 14 LS 34233 468 2 ) ) -RRB- 34233 468 3 the the DT 34233 468 4 floor floor NN 34233 468 5 of of IN 34233 468 6 the the DT 34233 468 7 neurocranium neurocranium NN 34233 468 8 is be VBZ 34233 468 9 cartilaginous cartilaginous JJ 34233 468 10 but but CC 34233 468 11 completely completely RB 34233 468 12 underlaid underlaid JJ 34233 468 13 by by IN 34233 468 14 the the DT 34233 468 15 bony bony NN 34233 468 16 parasphenoid parasphenoid NN 34233 468 17 . . . 34233 469 1 The the DT 34233 469 2 taenia taenia NNP 34233 469 3 tecti tecti NN 34233 469 4 marginales marginale NNS 34233 469 5 and and CC 34233 469 6 the the DT 34233 469 7 tectum tectum NN 34233 469 8 synoticum synoticum NN 34233 469 9 are be VBP 34233 469 10 covered cover VBN 34233 469 11 dorsally dorsally RB 34233 469 12 and and CC 34233 469 13 laterally laterally RB 34233 469 14 by by IN 34233 469 15 the the DT 34233 469 16 frontoparietals frontoparietal NNS 34233 469 17 . . . 34233 470 1 Perichondral perichondral JJ 34233 470 2 ossification ossification NN 34233 470 3 representing represent VBG 34233 470 4 the the DT 34233 470 5 prootic prootic JJ 34233 470 6 bone bone NN 34233 470 7 occurs occur VBZ 34233 470 8 at at IN 34233 470 9 the the DT 34233 470 10 margin margin NN 34233 470 11 of of IN 34233 470 12 the the DT 34233 470 13 optic optic JJ 34233 470 14 foramen foraman NNS 34233 470 15 and and CC 34233 470 16 somewhat somewhat RB 34233 470 17 posteriorly posteriorly RB 34233 470 18 over over IN 34233 470 19 part part NN 34233 470 20 of of IN 34233 470 21 the the DT 34233 470 22 floor floor NN 34233 470 23 of of IN 34233 470 24 the the DT 34233 470 25 neurocranium neurocranium NN 34233 470 26 . . . 34233 471 1 Perichondral perichondral JJ 34233 471 2 and and CC 34233 471 3 endochondral endochondral JJ 34233 471 4 ossification ossification NN 34233 471 5 occurs occur VBZ 34233 471 6 in in IN 34233 471 7 the the DT 34233 471 8 sides side NNS 34233 471 9 of of IN 34233 471 10 the the DT 34233 471 11 neurocranium neurocranium NN 34233 471 12 ventral ventral JJ 34233 471 13 to to IN 34233 471 14 the the DT 34233 471 15 lamina lamina NNP 34233 471 16 perpendicularis perpendicularis NNP 34233 471 17 . . . 34233 472 1 This this DT 34233 472 2 ossification ossification NN 34233 472 3 expands expand VBZ 34233 472 4 laterally laterally RB 34233 472 5 until until IN 34233 472 6 it -PRON- PRP 34233 472 7 meets meet VBZ 34233 472 8 the the DT 34233 472 9 crista crista NNP 34233 472 10 parotica parotica NNP 34233 472 11 dorsolaterally dorsolaterally RB 34233 472 12 and and CC 34233 472 13 forms form VBZ 34233 472 14 the the DT 34233 472 15 dorsal dorsal NN 34233 472 16 part part NN 34233 472 17 of of IN 34233 472 18 the the DT 34233 472 19 prootic prootic JJ 34233 472 20 bone bone NN 34233 472 21 . . . 34233 473 1 The the DT 34233 473 2 anteroventral anteroventral JJ 34233 473 3 edge edge NN 34233 473 4 of of IN 34233 473 5 the the DT 34233 473 6 otic otic JJ 34233 473 7 capsule capsule NN 34233 473 8 remains remain VBZ 34233 473 9 cartilaginous cartilaginous JJ 34233 473 10 . . . 34233 474 1 Posteriorly posteriorly RB 34233 474 2 , , , 34233 474 3 at at IN 34233 474 4 the the DT 34233 474 5 level level NN 34233 474 6 of of IN 34233 474 7 the the DT 34233 474 8 anterior anterior JJ 34233 474 9 acoustic acoustic JJ 34233 474 10 foramen foraman NNS 34233 474 11 , , , 34233 474 12 endochondral endochondral JJ 34233 474 13 ossification ossification NN 34233 474 14 is be VBZ 34233 474 15 meager meager JJ 34233 474 16 and and CC 34233 474 17 restricted restrict VBN 34233 474 18 to to IN 34233 474 19 the the DT 34233 474 20 dorsomedial dorsomedial JJ 34233 474 21 parts part NNS 34233 474 22 of of IN 34233 474 23 the the DT 34233 474 24 otic otic JJ 34233 474 25 capsule capsule NN 34233 474 26 , , , 34233 474 27 plus plus CC 34233 474 28 a a DT 34233 474 29 small small JJ 34233 474 30 amount amount NN 34233 474 31 in in IN 34233 474 32 the the DT 34233 474 33 neurocranial neurocranial JJ 34233 474 34 floor floor NN 34233 474 35 ; ; : 34233 474 36 perichondral perichondral JJ 34233 474 37 ossification ossification NN 34233 474 38 is be VBZ 34233 474 39 restricted restrict VBN 34233 474 40 to to IN 34233 474 41 the the DT 34233 474 42 peripheral peripheral JJ 34233 474 43 areas area NNS 34233 474 44 showing show VBG 34233 474 45 endochondral endochondral JJ 34233 474 46 ossification ossification NN 34233 474 47 . . . 34233 475 1 Posteriorly posteriorly RB 34233 475 2 , , , 34233 475 3 endochondral endochondral JJ 34233 475 4 ossification ossification NN 34233 475 5 is be VBZ 34233 475 6 restricted restrict VBN 34233 475 7 in in IN 34233 475 8 the the DT 34233 475 9 dorsal dorsal NN 34233 475 10 part part NN 34233 475 11 of of IN 34233 475 12 the the DT 34233 475 13 otic otic JJ 34233 475 14 capsule capsule NN 34233 475 15 but but CC 34233 475 16 somewhat somewhat RB 34233 475 17 increased increase VBD 34233 475 18 in in IN 34233 475 19 the the DT 34233 475 20 floor floor NN 34233 475 21 of of IN 34233 475 22 the the DT 34233 475 23 capsule capsule NN 34233 475 24 . . . 34233 476 1 The the DT 34233 476 2 lateral lateral JJ 34233 476 3 part part NN 34233 476 4 of of IN 34233 476 5 the the DT 34233 476 6 otic otic JJ 34233 476 7 capsule capsule NN 34233 476 8 posterior posterior RB 34233 476 9 to to IN 34233 476 10 the the DT 34233 476 11 terminus terminus NN 34233 476 12 of of IN 34233 476 13 the the DT 34233 476 14 operculum operculum NN 34233 476 15 and and CC 34233 476 16 the the DT 34233 476 17 ventromedial ventromedial JJ 34233 476 18 and and CC 34233 476 19 dorsomedial dorsomedial JJ 34233 476 20 parts part NNS 34233 476 21 of of IN 34233 476 22 the the DT 34233 476 23 neurocranium neurocranium NN 34233 476 24 remain remain VBP 34233 476 25 unossified unossified JJ 34233 476 26 . . . 34233 477 1 Articular Articular NNP 34233 477 2 Region Region NNP 34233 477 3 In in IN 34233 477 4 the the DT 34233 477 5 anterior anterior JJ 34233 477 6 sections section NNS 34233 477 7 ( ( -LRB- 34233 477 8 at at IN 34233 477 9 the the DT 34233 477 10 level level NN 34233 477 11 of of IN 34233 477 12 the the DT 34233 477 13 oculomotor oculomotor NN 34233 477 14 foramen foraman NNS 34233 477 15 ) ) -RRB- 34233 477 16 the the DT 34233 477 17 angulosplenial angulosplenial NN 34233 477 18 ( ( -LRB- 34233 477 19 _ _ NNP 34233 477 20 angspl angspl NNP 34233 477 21 . . . 34233 477 22 _ _ NNP 34233 477 23 ) ) -RRB- 34233 477 24 is be VBZ 34233 477 25 a a DT 34233 477 26 moderate moderate JJ 34233 477 27 - - HYPH 34233 477 28 sized sized JJ 34233 477 29 bone bone NN 34233 477 30 ( ( -LRB- 34233 477 31 Fig fig NN 34233 477 32 . . . 34233 478 1 15 15 CD 34233 478 2 ) ) -RRB- 34233 478 3 . . . 34233 479 1 Meckel Meckel NNP 34233 479 2 's 's POS 34233 479 3 cartilage cartilage NN 34233 479 4 ( ( -LRB- 34233 479 5 _ _ NNP 34233 479 6 Mc Mc NNP 34233 479 7 . . . 34233 480 1 c. c. NNP 34233 480 2 _ _ NNP 34233 480 3 ) ) -RRB- 34233 480 4 is be VBZ 34233 480 5 present present JJ 34233 480 6 as as IN 34233 480 7 a a DT 34233 480 8 small small JJ 34233 480 9 ovoid ovoid JJ 34233 480 10 cartilage cartilage NN 34233 480 11 lying lie VBG 34233 480 12 dorsolateral dorsolateral JJ 34233 480 13 to to IN 34233 480 14 the the DT 34233 480 15 angulosplenial angulosplenial NN 34233 480 16 . . . 34233 481 1 Posteriorly posteriorly RB 34233 481 2 , , , 34233 481 3 Meckel Meckel NNP 34233 481 4 's 's POS 34233 481 5 cartilage cartilage NN 34233 481 6 is be VBZ 34233 481 7 dorsal dorsal NN 34233 481 8 to to IN 34233 481 9 the the DT 34233 481 10 angulosplenial angulosplenial NN 34233 481 11 . . . 34233 482 1 The the DT 34233 482 2 cartilage cartilage NN 34233 482 3 increases increase VBZ 34233 482 4 in in IN 34233 482 5 size size NN 34233 482 6 at at IN 34233 482 7 the the DT 34233 482 8 level level NN 34233 482 9 of of IN 34233 482 10 the the DT 34233 482 11 posterior posterior JJ 34233 482 12 acoustic acoustic JJ 34233 482 13 foramen foraman NNS 34233 482 14 , , , 34233 482 15 and and CC 34233 482 16 the the DT 34233 482 17 angulosplenial angulosplenial JJ 34233 482 18 decreases decrease NNS 34233 482 19 in in IN 34233 482 20 size size NN 34233 482 21 posteriorly posteriorly RB 34233 482 22 . . . 34233 483 1 At at IN 34233 483 2 the the DT 34233 483 3 level level NN 34233 483 4 of of IN 34233 483 5 the the DT 34233 483 6 posterior posterior JJ 34233 483 7 border border NN 34233 483 8 of of IN 34233 483 9 the the DT 34233 483 10 posterior posterior JJ 34233 483 11 acoustic acoustic JJ 34233 483 12 foramen foraman NNS 34233 483 13 , , , 34233 483 14 the the DT 34233 483 15 maxillary maxillary JJ 34233 483 16 terminates terminate NNS 34233 483 17 and and CC 34233 483 18 is be VBZ 34233 483 19 replaced replace VBN 34233 483 20 by by IN 34233 483 21 the the DT 34233 483 22 quadratojugal quadratojugal NN 34233 483 23 . . . 34233 484 1 The the DT 34233 484 2 quadratojugal quadratojugal NN 34233 484 3 , , , 34233 484 4 ventral ventral JJ 34233 484 5 arm arm NN 34233 484 6 of of IN 34233 484 7 the the DT 34233 484 8 squamosal squamosal NN 34233 484 9 , , , 34233 484 10 pterygoid pterygoid NN 34233 484 11 process process NN 34233 484 12 , , , 34233 484 13 pterygoid pterygoid NN 34233 484 14 , , , 34233 484 15 and and CC 34233 484 16 Meckel Meckel NNP 34233 484 17 's 's POS 34233 484 18 cartilage cartilage NN 34233 484 19 converge converge NN 34233 484 20 . . . 34233 485 1 At at IN 34233 485 2 the the DT 34233 485 3 level level NN 34233 485 4 of of IN 34233 485 5 the the DT 34233 485 6 jugular jugular NNP 34233 485 7 foramen foraman NNS 34233 485 8 ( ( -LRB- 34233 485 9 _ _ NNP 34233 485 10 jug jug NN 34233 485 11 . . . 34233 486 1 f. f. NNP 34233 486 2 _ _ NNP 34233 486 3 ) ) -RRB- 34233 486 4 ( ( -LRB- 34233 486 5 Fig fig NN 34233 486 6 . . . 34233 487 1 19 19 LS 34233 487 2 ) ) -RRB- 34233 487 3 the the DT 34233 487 4 quadratojugal quadratojugal NN 34233 487 5 is be VBZ 34233 487 6 incorporated incorporate VBN 34233 487 7 into into IN 34233 487 8 the the DT 34233 487 9 squamosal squamosal NN 34233 487 10 - - HYPH 34233 487 11 pterygoid pterygoid NN 34233 487 12 process process NN 34233 487 13 - - HYPH 34233 487 14 pterygoid pterygoid NN 34233 487 15 complex complex NN 34233 487 16 . . . 34233 488 1 The the DT 34233 488 2 complex complex NN 34233 488 3 is be VBZ 34233 488 4 narrowly narrowly RB 34233 488 5 separated separate VBN 34233 488 6 by by IN 34233 488 7 connective connective JJ 34233 488 8 tissue tissue NN 34233 488 9 from from IN 34233 488 10 Meckel Meckel NNP 34233 488 11 's 's POS 34233 488 12 cartilage cartilage NN 34233 488 13 ventrally ventrally RB 34233 488 14 . . . 34233 489 1 The the DT 34233 489 2 quadrate quadrate JJ 34233 489 3 process process NN 34233 489 4 ( ( -LRB- 34233 489 5 _ _ NNP 34233 489 6 quad quad NN 34233 489 7 . . . 34233 490 1 proc proc NNP 34233 490 2 . . . 34233 490 3 _ _ NNP 34233 490 4 ) ) -RRB- 34233 490 5 is be VBZ 34233 490 6 represented represent VBN 34233 490 7 by by IN 34233 490 8 the the DT 34233 490 9 cartilage cartilage NN 34233 490 10 bordered border VBN 34233 490 11 dorsally dorsally RB 34233 490 12 by by IN 34233 490 13 the the DT 34233 490 14 pterygoid pterygoid JJ 34233 490 15 process process NN 34233 490 16 and and CC 34233 490 17 the the DT 34233 490 18 ventral ventral JJ 34233 490 19 arm arm NN 34233 490 20 of of IN 34233 490 21 the the DT 34233 490 22 squamosal squamosal NN 34233 490 23 , , , 34233 490 24 and and CC 34233 490 25 ventrally ventrally RB 34233 490 26 by by IN 34233 490 27 Meckel Meckel NNP 34233 490 28 's 's POS 34233 490 29 cartilage cartilage NN 34233 490 30 . . . 34233 491 1 At at IN 34233 491 2 the the DT 34233 491 3 posterior posterior NN 34233 491 4 terminus terminus NN 34233 491 5 of of IN 34233 491 6 the the DT 34233 491 7 skull skull NN 34233 491 8 all all DT 34233 491 9 bony bony VBD 34233 491 10 elements element NNS 34233 491 11 of of IN 34233 491 12 the the DT 34233 491 13 articular articular JJ 34233 491 14 region region NN 34233 491 15 terminate terminate NN 34233 491 16 , , , 34233 491 17 except except IN 34233 491 18 for for IN 34233 491 19 a a DT 34233 491 20 small small JJ 34233 491 21 terminal terminal JJ 34233 491 22 part part NN 34233 491 23 of of IN 34233 491 24 the the DT 34233 491 25 angulosplenial angulosplenial JJ 34233 491 26 underlying underlie VBG 34233 491 27 Meckel Meckel NNP 34233 491 28 's 's POS 34233 491 29 cartilage cartilage NN 34233 491 30 . . . 34233 492 1 SUMMARY SUMMARY NNP 34233 492 2 Since since IN 34233 492 3 no no DT 34233 492 4 accounts account NNS 34233 492 5 comparable comparable JJ 34233 492 6 to to IN 34233 492 7 the the DT 34233 492 8 preceding precede VBG 34233 492 9 for for IN 34233 492 10 _ _ NNP 34233 492 11 Smilisca Smilisca NNP 34233 492 12 baudini baudini NNP 34233 492 13 _ _ NNP 34233 492 14 are be VBP 34233 492 15 available available JJ 34233 492 16 for for IN 34233 492 17 other other JJ 34233 492 18 hylid hylid JJ 34233 492 19 frogs frog NNS 34233 492 20 , , , 34233 492 21 it -PRON- PRP 34233 492 22 is be VBZ 34233 492 23 meaningless meaningless JJ 34233 492 24 to to TO 34233 492 25 attempt attempt VB 34233 492 26 any any DT 34233 492 27 discussion discussion NN 34233 492 28 dealing deal VBG 34233 492 29 with with IN 34233 492 30 character character NN 34233 492 31 significance significance NN 34233 492 32 or or CC 34233 492 33 variation variation NN 34233 492 34 within within IN 34233 492 35 the the DT 34233 492 36 Hylidae Hylidae NNP 34233 492 37 . . . 34233 493 1 There there EX 34233 493 2 is be VBZ 34233 493 3 considerable considerable JJ 34233 493 4 literature literature NN 34233 493 5 treating treat VBG 34233 493 6 bufonids bufonid NNS 34233 493 7 , , , 34233 493 8 leptodactylids leptodactylid NNS 34233 493 9 , , , 34233 493 10 ranids ranid NNS 34233 493 11 , , , 34233 493 12 and and CC 34233 493 13 various various JJ 34233 493 14 Old Old NNP 34233 493 15 World World NNP 34233 493 16 genera genera NN 34233 493 17 ( ( -LRB- 34233 493 18 see see VB 34233 493 19 Baldauf Baldauf NNP 34233 493 20 , , , 34233 493 21 1955 1955 CD 34233 493 22 , , , 34233 493 23 for for IN 34233 493 24 a a DT 34233 493 25 review review NN 34233 493 26 of of IN 34233 493 27 these these DT 34233 493 28 works work NNS 34233 493 29 ) ) -RRB- 34233 493 30 . . . 34233 494 1 Likewise likewise RB 34233 494 2 , , , 34233 494 3 a a DT 34233 494 4 comparison comparison NN 34233 494 5 at at IN 34233 494 6 the the DT 34233 494 7 familial familial JJ 34233 494 8 level level NN 34233 494 9 based base VBN 34233 494 10 on on IN 34233 494 11 the the DT 34233 494 12 study study NN 34233 494 13 of of IN 34233 494 14 a a DT 34233 494 15 single single JJ 34233 494 16 species specie NNS 34233 494 17 seems seem VBZ 34233 494 18 inadequate inadequate JJ 34233 494 19 and and CC 34233 494 20 premature premature JJ 34233 494 21 . . . 34233 495 1 By by IN 34233 495 2 way way NN 34233 495 3 of of IN 34233 495 4 summary summary NN 34233 495 5 and and CC 34233 495 6 synoptic synoptic NN 34233 495 7 description description NN 34233 495 8 a a DT 34233 495 9 list list NN 34233 495 10 of of IN 34233 495 11 cranial cranial JJ 34233 495 12 osteological osteological JJ 34233 495 13 characters character NNS 34233 495 14 of of IN 34233 495 15 _ _ NNP 34233 495 16 Smilisca Smilisca NNP 34233 495 17 baudini baudini NNP 34233 495 18 _ _ NNP 34233 495 19 is be VBZ 34233 495 20 presented present VBN 34233 495 21 . . . 34233 496 1 The the DT 34233 496 2 items item NNS 34233 496 3 selected select VBN 34233 496 4 enable enable VBP 34233 496 5 comparison comparison NN 34233 496 6 with with IN 34233 496 7 similar similar JJ 34233 496 8 compilations compilation NNS 34233 496 9 by by IN 34233 496 10 other other JJ 34233 496 11 workers worker NNS 34233 496 12 , , , 34233 496 13 and and CC 34233 496 14 are be VBP 34233 496 15 based base VBN 34233 496 16 in in IN 34233 496 17 part part NN 34233 496 18 on on IN 34233 496 19 my -PRON- PRP$ 34233 496 20 unpublished unpublished JJ 34233 496 21 observations observation NNS 34233 496 22 of of IN 34233 496 23 other other JJ 34233 496 24 hylids hylid NNS 34233 496 25 . . . 34233 497 1 1 1 LS 34233 497 2 . . . 34233 498 1 Compared compare VBN 34233 498 2 to to IN 34233 498 3 hylids hylid NNS 34233 498 4 not not RB 34233 498 5 having have VBG 34233 498 6 integumentary integumentary JJ 34233 498 7 - - HYPH 34233 498 8 cranial cranial JJ 34233 498 9 co co NN 34233 498 10 - - NN 34233 498 11 ossification ossification NN 34233 498 12 , , , 34233 498 13 the the DT 34233 498 14 dermal dermal JJ 34233 498 15 roofing roofing NN 34233 498 16 bones bone NNS 34233 498 17 of of IN 34233 498 18 _ _ NNP 34233 498 19 Smilisca Smilisca NNP 34233 498 20 baudini baudini NNP 34233 498 21 _ _ NNP 34233 498 22 are be VBP 34233 498 23 extensive extensive JJ 34233 498 24 , , , 34233 498 25 and and CC 34233 498 26 the the DT 34233 498 27 skull skull NN 34233 498 28 is be VBZ 34233 498 29 well well RB 34233 498 30 - - HYPH 34233 498 31 ossified ossify VBN 34233 498 32 internally internally RB 34233 498 33 . . . 34233 499 1 In in IN 34233 499 2 contrast contrast NN 34233 499 3 to to IN 34233 499 4 most most RBS 34233 499 5 casque casque RB 34233 499 6 - - HYPH 34233 499 7 headed head VBN 34233 499 8 hylids hylid NNS 34233 499 9 ( ( -LRB- 34233 499 10 those those DT 34233 499 11 having have VBG 34233 499 12 integumentary integumentary JJ 34233 499 13 - - HYPH 34233 499 14 cranial cranial JJ 34233 499 15 co co NN 34233 499 16 - - NN 34233 499 17 ossification ossification NN 34233 499 18 ) ) -RRB- 34233 499 19 , , , 34233 499 20 the the DT 34233 499 21 dermal dermal JJ 34233 499 22 roofing roofing NN 34233 499 23 bones bone NNS 34233 499 24 are be VBP 34233 499 25 much much RB 34233 499 26 less less RBR 34233 499 27 extensive extensive JJ 34233 499 28 , , , 34233 499 29 the the DT 34233 499 30 dermal dermal JJ 34233 499 31 sphenethmoid sphenethmoid NN 34233 499 32 ( ( -LRB- 34233 499 33 see see VB 34233 499 34 Trueb Trueb NNP 34233 499 35 , , , 34233 499 36 1966 1966 CD 34233 499 37 , , , 34233 499 38 p. p. NN 34233 499 39 563 563 CD 34233 499 40 ) ) -RRB- 34233 499 41 is be VBZ 34233 499 42 absent absent JJ 34233 499 43 , , , 34233 499 44 and and CC 34233 499 45 internal internal JJ 34233 499 46 ossification ossification NN 34233 499 47 is be VBZ 34233 499 48 less less RBR 34233 499 49 extensive extensive JJ 34233 499 50 . . . 34233 500 1 2 2 LS 34233 500 2 . . . 34233 501 1 The the DT 34233 501 2 solum solum NN 34233 501 3 nasi nasi NN 34233 501 4 is be VBZ 34233 501 5 not not RB 34233 501 6 ossified ossify VBN 34233 501 7 ; ; : 34233 501 8 the the DT 34233 501 9 septum septum NN 34233 501 10 nasi nasi NNP 34233 501 11 is be VBZ 34233 501 12 ossified ossify VBN 34233 501 13 only only RB 34233 501 14 posteriorly posteriorly RB 34233 501 15 , , , 34233 501 16 and and CC 34233 501 17 the the DT 34233 501 18 olfactory olfactory JJ 34233 501 19 eminence eminence NN 34233 501 20 is be VBZ 34233 501 21 supported support VBN 34233 501 22 by by IN 34233 501 23 the the DT 34233 501 24 cartilaginous cartilaginous JJ 34233 501 25 solum solum NNP 34233 501 26 nasi nasi NNP 34233 501 27 and and CC 34233 501 28 the the DT 34233 501 29 bony bony NNP 34233 501 30 prevomer prevomer NN 34233 501 31 . . . 34233 502 1 3 3 LS 34233 502 2 . . . 34233 503 1 The the DT 34233 503 2 lingual lingual JJ 34233 503 3 process process NN 34233 503 4 is be VBZ 34233 503 5 absent absent JJ 34233 503 6 . . . 34233 504 1 There there EX 34233 504 2 is be VBZ 34233 504 3 no no DT 34233 504 4 palatal palatal JJ 34233 504 5 cartilage cartilage NN 34233 504 6 isolated isolate VBN 34233 504 7 between between IN 34233 504 8 the the DT 34233 504 9 premaxillaries premaxillarie NNS 34233 504 10 . . . 34233 505 1 4 4 LS 34233 505 2 . . . 34233 506 1 The the DT 34233 506 2 anterior anterior JJ 34233 506 3 end end NN 34233 506 4 of of IN 34233 506 5 the the DT 34233 506 6 cavum cavum NN 34233 506 7 medium medium NN 34233 506 8 lies lie VBZ 34233 506 9 anterior anterior NN 34233 506 10 to to IN 34233 506 11 the the DT 34233 506 12 cavum cavum NNP 34233 506 13 inferius inferius NN 34233 506 14 . . . 34233 507 1 5 5 CD 34233 507 2 . . . 34233 508 1 The the DT 34233 508 2 septomaxillary septomaxillary NN 34233 508 3 is be VBZ 34233 508 4 basically basically RB 34233 508 5 a a DT 34233 508 6 U u NN 34233 508 7 - - HYPH 34233 508 8 shaped shaped JJ 34233 508 9 structure structure NN 34233 508 10 and and CC 34233 508 11 has have VBZ 34233 508 12 a a DT 34233 508 13 dorsal dorsal NN 34233 508 14 , , , 34233 508 15 anteriorly anteriorly RB 34233 508 16 curved curve VBN 34233 508 17 , , , 34233 508 18 ramus ramus NNP 34233 508 19 on on IN 34233 508 20 the the DT 34233 508 21 lateral lateral JJ 34233 508 22 branch branch NN 34233 508 23 and and CC 34233 508 24 a a DT 34233 508 25 longitudinal longitudinal JJ 34233 508 26 loop loop NN 34233 508 27 of of IN 34233 508 28 bone bone NN 34233 508 29 ventrally ventrally RB 34233 508 30 . . . 34233 509 1 6 6 CD 34233 509 2 . . . 34233 510 1 A a DT 34233 510 2 distinct distinct JJ 34233 510 3 pars par NNS 34233 510 4 nasalis nasalis NNP 34233 510 5 is be VBZ 34233 510 6 absent absent JJ 34233 510 7 on on IN 34233 510 8 the the DT 34233 510 9 maxillary maxillary NN 34233 510 10 . . . 34233 511 1 7 7 LS 34233 511 2 . . . 34233 512 1 A a DT 34233 512 2 cartilaginous cartilaginous JJ 34233 512 3 sclera sclera NN 34233 512 4 is be VBZ 34233 512 5 present present JJ 34233 512 6 . . . 34233 513 1 8 8 LS 34233 513 2 . . . 34233 514 1 The the DT 34233 514 2 taenia taenia NNP 34233 514 3 tecta tecta NN 34233 514 4 marginalis marginalis NNP 34233 514 5 and and CC 34233 514 6 the the DT 34233 514 7 tectum tectum NN 34233 514 8 synoticum synoticum NN 34233 514 9 are be VBP 34233 514 10 the the DT 34233 514 11 only only JJ 34233 514 12 roofing roof VBG 34233 514 13 cartilages cartilage NNS 34233 514 14 present present JJ 34233 514 15 . . . 34233 515 1 9 9 CD 34233 515 2 . . . 34233 516 1 The the DT 34233 516 2 external external JJ 34233 516 3 part part NN 34233 516 4 of of IN 34233 516 5 the the DT 34233 516 6 plectral plectral JJ 34233 516 7 apparatus apparatus NN 34233 516 8 ( ( -LRB- 34233 516 9 columella columella NN 34233 516 10 ) ) -RRB- 34233 516 11 is be VBZ 34233 516 12 directed direct VBN 34233 516 13 anterolaterally anterolaterally RB 34233 516 14 . . . 34233 517 1 The the DT 34233 517 2 pars par NNS 34233 517 3 ascendens ascenden VBZ 34233 517 4 plectri plectri NN 34233 517 5 is be VBZ 34233 517 6 fused fuse VBN 34233 517 7 with with IN 34233 517 8 the the DT 34233 517 9 crista crista NNP 34233 517 10 parotica parotica NN 34233 517 11 . . . 34233 518 1 10 10 CD 34233 518 2 . . . 34233 519 1 The the DT 34233 519 2 pseudobasal pseudobasal NN 34233 519 3 process process NN 34233 519 4 is be VBZ 34233 519 5 fused fuse VBN 34233 519 6 to to IN 34233 519 7 the the DT 34233 519 8 otic otic JJ 34233 519 9 capsule capsule NN 34233 519 10 . . . 34233 520 1 11 11 CD 34233 520 2 . . . 34233 521 1 The the DT 34233 521 2 cornu cornu NN 34233 521 3 principalis principalis NN 34233 521 4 of of IN 34233 521 5 the the DT 34233 521 6 hyale hyale JJ 34233 521 7 fuses fuse NNS 34233 521 8 with with IN 34233 521 9 the the DT 34233 521 10 pseudobasal pseudobasal NN 34233 521 11 process process NN 34233 521 12 . . . 34233 522 1 12 12 CD 34233 522 2 . . . 34233 523 1 Two two CD 34233 523 2 acoustic acoustic JJ 34233 523 3 foramina foramina NN 34233 523 4 are be VBP 34233 523 5 present present JJ 34233 523 6 . . . 34233 524 1 13 13 CD 34233 524 2 . . . 34233 525 1 The the DT 34233 525 2 sphenethmoid sphenethmoid JJ 34233 525 3 and and CC 34233 525 4 prootic prootic JJ 34233 525 5 are be VBP 34233 525 6 synchondrotically synchondrotically RB 34233 525 7 united united JJ 34233 525 8 . . . 34233 526 1 14 14 CD 34233 526 2 . . . 34233 527 1 The the DT 34233 527 2 frontoparietal frontoparietal NN 34233 527 3 is be VBZ 34233 527 4 separate separate JJ 34233 527 5 from from IN 34233 527 6 the the DT 34233 527 7 prootic prootic JJ 34233 527 8 and and CC 34233 527 9 exoccipital exoccipital JJ 34233 527 10 . . . 34233 528 1 15 15 CD 34233 528 2 . . . 34233 529 1 The the DT 34233 529 2 prootic prootic JJ 34233 529 3 and and CC 34233 529 4 exoccipital exoccipital NN 34233 529 5 are be VBP 34233 529 6 fused fuse VBN 34233 529 7 . . . 34233 530 1 16 16 CD 34233 530 2 . . . 34233 531 1 A a DT 34233 531 2 bursa bursa NN 34233 531 3 angularis angularis NNP 34233 531 4 oris oris NNP 34233 531 5 is be VBZ 34233 531 6 present present JJ 34233 531 7 . . . 34233 532 1 LITERATURE LITERATURE NNP 34233 532 2 CITED CITED NNP 34233 532 3 BALDAUF BALDAUF NNP 34233 532 4 , , , 34233 532 5 R. R. NNP 34233 532 6 J. J. NNP 34233 533 1 1955 1955 CD 34233 533 2 . . . 34233 534 1 Contributions contribution NNS 34233 534 2 to to IN 34233 534 3 the the DT 34233 534 4 cranial cranial JJ 34233 534 5 morphology morphology NN 34233 534 6 of of IN 34233 534 7 _ _ NNP 34233 534 8 Bufo Bufo NNP 34233 534 9 w. w. NNP 34233 534 10 woodhousei woodhousei NNP 34233 534 11 _ _ NNP 34233 534 12 Girard Girard NNP 34233 534 13 . . . 34233 535 1 Texas Texas NNP 34233 535 2 Jour Jour NNP 34233 535 3 . . . 34233 536 1 Sci Sci NNP 34233 536 2 . . NNP 34233 536 3 , , , 34233 536 4 7(3):275 7(3):275 NNP 34233 536 5 - - HYPH 34233 536 6 311 311 CD 34233 536 7 . . . 34233 537 1 1958 1958 CD 34233 537 2 . . . 34233 538 1 A a DT 34233 538 2 procedure procedure NN 34233 538 3 for for IN 34233 538 4 the the DT 34233 538 5 staining staining NN 34233 538 6 and and CC 34233 538 7 sectioning sectioning NN 34233 538 8 of of IN 34233 538 9 the the DT 34233 538 10 heads head NNS 34233 538 11 of of IN 34233 538 12 adult adult NN 34233 538 13 anurans anurans NNPS 34233 538 14 . . . 34233 539 1 Texas Texas NNP 34233 539 2 Jour Jour NNP 34233 539 3 . . . 34233 540 1 Sci Sci NNP 34233 540 2 . . NNP 34233 540 3 , , , 34233 540 4 10(4):448 10(4):448 NNP 34233 540 5 - - SYM 34233 540 6 451 451 CD 34233 540 7 . . . 34233 541 1 DUELLMAN DUELLMAN NNP 34233 541 2 , , , 34233 541 3 W. W. NNP 34233 541 4 E. E. NNP 34233 541 5 AND and CC 34233 541 6 L. L. NNP 34233 541 7 TRUEB TRUEB NNP 34233 541 8 1966 1966 CD 34233 541 9 . . . 34233 542 1 Neotropical neotropical JJ 34233 542 2 hylid hylid NN 34233 542 3 frogs frog NNS 34233 542 4 , , , 34233 542 5 genus genus NNP 34233 542 6 Smilisca Smilisca NNP 34233 542 7 . . . 34233 543 1 Univ Univ NNP 34233 543 2 . . . 34233 544 1 Kansas Kansas NNP 34233 544 2 Publ Publ NNP 34233 544 3 . . . 34233 544 4 , , , 34233 544 5 Mus mus NN 34233 544 6 . . . 34233 545 1 Nat Nat NNP 34233 545 2 . . . 34233 546 1 Hist Hist NNP 34233 546 2 . . NNP 34233 546 3 , , , 34233 546 4 17:281 17:281 CD 34233 546 5 - - SYM 34233 546 6 375 375 CD 34233 546 7 , , , 34233 546 8 pls pls UH 34233 546 9 . . . 34233 547 1 1 1 CD 34233 547 2 - - SYM 34233 547 3 12 12 CD 34233 547 4 . . . 34233 548 1 TRUEB TRUEB NNP 34233 548 2 , , , 34233 548 3 L. L. NNP 34233 548 4 1966 1966 CD 34233 548 5 . . . 34233 549 1 Morphology morphology NN 34233 549 2 and and CC 34233 549 3 development development NN 34233 549 4 of of IN 34233 549 5 the the DT 34233 549 6 skull skull NN 34233 549 7 of of IN 34233 549 8 the the DT 34233 549 9 frog frog NN 34233 549 10 _ _ NNP 34233 549 11 Hyla Hyla NNP 34233 549 12 septentrionalis septentrionalis NN 34233 549 13 _ _ NNP 34233 549 14 . . . 34233 550 1 Copeia Copeia NNP 34233 550 2 , , , 34233 550 3 3:562 3:562 CD 34233 550 4 - - SYM 34233 550 5 573 573 CD 34233 550 6 . . . 34233 551 1 _ _ NNP 34233 551 2 Transmitted Transmitted NNP 34233 551 3 April April NNP 34233 551 4 18 18 CD 34233 551 5 , , , 34233 551 6 1968 1968 CD 34233 551 7 . . . 34233 551 8 _ _ NNP 34233 551 9 * * NFP 34233 551 10 * * NFP 34233 551 11 * * NFP 34233 551 12 * * NFP 34233 551 13 * * NFP 34233 551 14 Transcriber Transcriber NNP 34233 551 15 's 's POS 34233 551 16 Notes Notes NNPS 34233 551 17 Except except IN 34233 551 18 for for IN 34233 551 19 several several JJ 34233 551 20 minor minor JJ 34233 551 21 typographical typographical JJ 34233 551 22 corrections correction NNS 34233 551 23 which which WDT 34233 551 24 were be VBD 34233 551 25 made make VBN 34233 551 26 ( ( -LRB- 34233 551 27 missing miss VBG 34233 551 28 periods period NNS 34233 551 29 , , , 34233 551 30 commas comma NNS 34233 551 31 , , , 34233 551 32 etc etc FW 34233 551 33 . . . 34233 551 34 ) ) -RRB- 34233 552 1 that that DT 34233 552 2 are be VBP 34233 552 3 not not RB 34233 552 4 detailed detail VBN 34233 552 5 here here RB 34233 552 6 , , , 34233 552 7 the the DT 34233 552 8 text text NN 34233 552 9 presented present VBD 34233 552 10 is be VBZ 34233 552 11 that that DT 34233 552 12 which which WDT 34233 552 13 appeared appear VBD 34233 552 14 in in IN 34233 552 15 the the DT 34233 552 16 original original JJ 34233 552 17 printed print VBN 34233 552 18 version version NN 34233 552 19 . . . 34233 553 1 To to TO 34233 553 2 enhance enhance VB 34233 553 3 readability readability NN 34233 553 4 , , , 34233 553 5 the the DT 34233 553 6 Figure figure NN 34233 553 7 captions caption NNS 34233 553 8 and and CC 34233 553 9 list list NN 34233 553 10 in in IN 34233 553 11 the the DT 34233 553 12 SUMMARY SUMMARY NNP 34233 553 13 section section NN 34233 553 14 were be VBD 34233 553 15 outdented outdente VBN 34233 553 16 on on IN 34233 553 17 the the DT 34233 553 18 first first JJ 34233 553 19 line line NN 34233 553 20 . . . 34233 554 1 Emphasis Emphasis NNP 34233 554 2 Notation Notation NNP 34233 554 3 _ _ NNP 34233 554 4 Text Text NNP 34233 554 5 _ _ NNP 34233 554 6 = = SYM 34233 554 7 Italicized Italicized NNP