Summary of your 'study carrel' ============================== This is a summary of your Distant Reader 'study carrel'. The Distant Reader harvested & cached your content into a collection/corpus. It then applied sets of natural language processing and text mining against the collection. The results of this process was reduced to a database file -- a 'study carrel'. The study carrel can then be queried, thus bringing light specific characteristics for your collection. These characteristics can help you summarize the collection as well as enumerate things you might want to investigate more closely. This report is a terse narrative report, and when processing is complete you will be linked to a more complete narrative report. Eric Lease Morgan Number of items in the collection; 'How big is my corpus?' ---------------------------------------------------------- 381 Average length of all items measured in words; "More or less, how big is each item?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 42312 Average readability score of all items (0 = difficult; 100 = easy) ------------------------------------------------------------------ 73 Top 50 statistically significant keywords; "What is my collection about?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 72 Mr. 60 bird 57 illustration 50 America 47 time 47 great 47 New 46 Darwin 45 like 44 tree 43 little 43 form 43 animal 41 man 40 life 35 Professor 35 Dr. 34 Europe 33 day 32 plant 30 water 28 England 28 County 25 Kansas 25 April 24 June 23 London 22 South 21 year 21 specie 21 leave 21 Sir 21 Africa 20 North 20 Nature 19 long 18 nature 18 Society 18 Natural 18 July 18 FIG 17 nest 17 flower 17 Origin 17 CHAPTER 16 insect 16 October 16 November 16 March 16 Huxley Top 50 lemmatized nouns; "What is discussed?" --------------------------------------------- 27186 specie 24797 part 24760 animal 23999 time 20948 man 20240 bird 16372 form 15963 plant 15368 life 15058 year 14833 day 14587 water 14378 case 13082 foot 12991 tree 12660 fact 12058 number 11854 body 10987 place 10978 male 10671 way 10658 work 10434 side 10354 p. 10347 length 9939 nature 9299 character 8857 one 8838 female 8832 kind 8381 head 8349 condition 8046 eye 7927 specimen 7736 flower 7710 surface 7682 view 7618 point 7568 size 7353 cell 7219 group 7147 variety 7112 ground 7095 other 7093 change 7072 difference 7045 thing 7003 country 6999 sea 6989 individual Top 50 proper nouns; "What are the names of persons or places?" -------------------------------------------------------------- 229350 _ 19612 | 13355 . 10144 Mr. 8616 Darwin 6927 M. 4974 America 4843 S. 4834 County 4379 i. 4220 New 4152 July 4024 C. 4006 Dr. 3878 E. 3683 P. 3683 June 3671 Kansas 3584 H. 3431 ii 3371 May 3338 River 3191 April 3145 August 3088 Natural 3049 J. 2995 Nat 2982 de 2976 Pp 2886 Professor 2839 R. 2811 Europe 2808 Sir 2806 pp 2800 W. 2674 London 2665 South 2636 Huxley 2632 D. 2625 Washington 2615 T. 2603 North 2599 Museum 2566 March 2522 England 2499 c. 2476 October 2449 Vol 2435 November 2424 mi Top 50 personal pronouns nouns; "To whom are things referred?" ------------------------------------------------------------- 132590 it 95319 i 59488 they 59397 he 56444 we 30681 them 28760 you 18933 me 15207 him 11987 us 6317 she 5335 itself 4793 themselves 4669 himself 2644 one 2472 her 2352 myself 1010 ourselves 950 yours 568 yourself 472 herself 267 mine 156 ours 118 his 107 theirs 86 ''em 70 thee 54 oneself 46 ''s 22 hers 21 em 16 hardyi 14 yaquinae 12 je 10 ye 9 ii 8 tympanum 8 ting''d 8 thyself 6 yourselves 6 hooker,--i 5 à 5 yew 5 p.s.--you 5 > 4 tympanum/ 4 pl 3 uv 3 my 3 hooker:-- Top 50 lemmatized verbs; "What do things do?" --------------------------------------------- 543568 be 164452 have 37179 do 30340 see 27471 find 25466 make 18992 take 18833 say 18754 give 17791 know 15616 come 13712 seem 12953 show 12503 go 12087 become 11529 think 10381 appear 10366 form 10013 call 9581 follow 8848 live 8820 produce 8151 look 7726 use 7520 grow 7068 leave 6979 get 6672 occur 6571 write 6386 bring 6350 pass 6103 believe 5882 remain 5876 begin 5785 consider 5727 suppose 5522 keep 5291 tell 5289 exist 5277 observe 5022 hear 4974 bear 4797 contain 4767 carry 4759 develop 4680 describe 4618 reach 4614 lead 4582 cover 4384 feel Top 50 lemmatized adjectives and adverbs; "How are things described?" --------------------------------------------------------------------- 80836 not 39273 more 35430 other 34103 so 29300 very 27303 only 26247 great 23179 same 21913 most 20033 many 19851 long 19138 first 18938 much 17977 as 17578 large 17552 well 17294 small 16849 now 16349 up 16063 then 16031 little 15566 such 14777 also 13976 even 13326 out 11821 less 11302 good 11037 new 10933 high 10664 few 10597 far 10356 different 10097 old 10025 here 9843 thus 9757 low 9223 young 9189 still 9115 natural 8975 common 8897 several 8774 often 8523 down 8387 however 8367 almost 8293 white 8269 certain 8185 never 7413 early 7277 again Top 50 lemmatized superlative adjectives; "How are things described to the extreme?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5723 most 4315 least 3392 good 2536 great 1852 high 1241 large 1061 low 959 early 881 Most 797 near 786 small 484 slight 477 old 474 simple 408 strong 385 fine 367 fit 319 late 314 long 250 deep 223 wide 218 close 214 bad 208 common 183 manif 149 short 118 rich 112 pure 112 full 111 Least 107 dalqu 104 dark 99 eld 98 young 89 hot 88 topmost 87 warm 87 hard 84 bright 80 lofty 79 heavy 78 big 77 weak 75 clear 74 tall 74 rare 71 strange 71 noble 68 cold 64 faint Top 50 lemmatized superlative adverbs; "How do things do to the extreme?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 16190 most 810 least 778 well 23 highest 19 long 15 near 15 dalquest 11 hard 10 widest 8 lowest 7 worst 7 innermost 6 lightest 5 oldest 5 goethe 5 fast 5 farthest 5 darkest 4 southernmost 4 soon 4 early 3 says:-- 3 finest 3 deepest 3 close 2 ¦ 2 warmest 2 surest 2 richest 2 p.s.--please 2 nebraska._--state 2 greatest 2 foolish;--the 2 fittest 2 belongest 1 youngest 1 waitest 1 stickleback 1 slowest 1 slightest 1 sharpest 1 sayest 1 rule,--the 1 pourest 1 p.t.f.--post 1 officinalis 1 of--"the 1 northermost 1 newest 1 neerest Top 50 Internet domains; "What Webbed places are alluded to in this corpus?" ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8 www.gutenberg.org 8 www.gutenberg.net 3 archive.org 2 www.freeliterature.org 1 gallica.bnf.fr Top 50 URLs; "What is hyperlinked from this corpus?" ---------------------------------------------------- 2 http://www.freeliterature.org 1 http://www.gutenberg.org/files/45639/45639-h/45639-h.htm 1 http://www.gutenberg.org/files/45639/45639-h.zip 1 http://www.gutenberg.org/files/38629/38629-h/38629-h.htm 1 http://www.gutenberg.org/files/38629/38629-h.zip 1 http://www.gutenberg.org/files/31316/31316-h/31316-h.htm 1 http://www.gutenberg.org/files/31316/31316-h.zip 1 http://www.gutenberg.org/files/28775/28775-h/28775-h.htm 1 http://www.gutenberg.org/files/28775/28775-h.zip 1 http://www.gutenberg.net/dirs/1/6/1/3/16136/16136-h/16136-h.htm 1 http://www.gutenberg.net/dirs/1/6/1/3/16136/16136-h.zip 1 http://www.gutenberg.net/dirs/1/5/4/9/15491/15491-h/15491-h.htm 1 http://www.gutenberg.net/dirs/1/5/4/9/15491/15491-h.zip 1 http://www.gutenberg.net/dirs/1/4/8/3/14834/14834-h/14834-h.htm 1 http://www.gutenberg.net/dirs/1/4/8/3/14834/14834-h.zip 1 http://www.gutenberg.net/dirs/1/4/1/0/14108/14108-h/14108-h.htm 1 http://www.gutenberg.net/dirs/1/4/1/0/14108/14108-h.zip 1 http://gallica.bnf.fr 1 http://archive.org/details/lifeofeliemetchn00mechiala 1 http://archive.org/details/buffonsnaturalhi03buff 1 http://archive.org Top 50 email addresses; "Who are you gonna call?" ------------------------------------------------- 2 asschers@bigpond.com 1 rkp277@msn.com 1 oib@sancharnet.in 1 ccx074@pglaf.org 1 can@sancharnet.in Top 50 positive assertions; "What sentences are in the shape of noun-verb-noun?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 160 _ see _ 94 _ is not 91 _ is _ 59 _ does not 50 _ leaves _ 49 _ are _ 49 _ is more 48 species are not 42 animals do not 41 animals are not 41 man is not 40 birds do not 37 _ was not 35 _ do _ 35 _ see accounts 34 _ do not 34 life is not 32 _ see account 31 _ are not 28 man does not 27 _ did not 27 _ has not 27 species do not 26 birds are not 26 birds are so 24 _ are more 23 _ does _ 23 _ is much 23 plants do not 22 _ is larger 22 _ is smaller 22 _ was _ 21 case is not 21 case is very 21 species are very 20 man has not 20 species are more 19 _ is most 19 species are only 19 species have not 18 _ form _ 18 _ is also 18 animals are more 18 work is not 17 _ is less 17 _ was also 17 animal is more 17 animal is not 17 animals are very 17 species has not Top 50 negative assertions; "What sentences are in the shape of noun-verb-no|not-noun?" --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6 man has no reason 5 species are not immutable 4 _ is not so 4 animals are not only 4 forms do not necessarily 4 species are not numerous 4 species are not only 4 species are not so 3 _ has not yet 3 _ is not abundant 3 _ is not common 3 birds are not only 3 case is not so 3 day was not very 3 fact is not more 3 facts are not opposed 3 male is not brilliant 3 man does not normally 3 man is not only 2 _ are not so 2 _ did not _ 2 _ does not necessarily 2 _ is no less 2 _ is no more 2 _ is not at 2 _ is not only 2 _ is not uncommon 2 _ was not distinct 2 _ was not present 2 animal is not so 2 animals are no longer 2 animals are not capable 2 animals do not always 2 animals have no doubt 2 animals were not easily 2 animals were not yet 2 bird had no opportunity 2 bird has not space 2 bird was not common 2 birds are not more 2 birds are not unfrequently 2 bodies are not afterwards 2 bodies are not very 2 bodies have no relation 2 case be no doubt 2 case is not peculiar 2 cases have no special 2 cases have no weight 2 day was not far 2 fact is not so A rudimentary bibliography -------------------------- id = 34524 author = Abbott, Henry title = Muskrat City date = keywords = Bige; City; Muskrat; forest; illustration summary = Jim Flynn now lives on Owl''s Head Mountain, from the time the snow forest was one of his camping places during the "gumming season." The long way from Muskrat City and to the south of it. view and laid out a new route to Muskrat City. [Illustration: Inside of Camp at Muskrat City] Bige and I made many trips to, and spent many days at, Muskrat City. When the snow in the forest is from four to five feet deep, The mink is a small animal, having a long, slender body and short I put Muskrat City on the map, and since we built the camp on the One night at Muskrat City, both Bige and I were suddenly awakened by over five feet deep throughout the forest and on the roof of our camp Our log camp at Muskrat City has END OF MUSKRAT CITY id = 6078 author = Agassiz, Louis title = Louis Agassiz: His Life and Correspondence date = keywords = Agassiz; Alps; America; Bay; Boston; Braun; Brazil; CHAPTER; Cambridge; Coast; Cuvier; Dr.; England; Europe; Fishes; Fossil; Heidelberg; History; Humboldt; Louis; Mr.; Munich; Museum; Natural; Neuchatel; New; Paris; Professor; Society; States; Switzerland; United; University; York; age; fish; work summary = First Important Work in Natural History.--Spix''s Brazilian Fishes. English Naturalists concerning Agassiz''s Glacial Theory.--Letter To his father Agassiz only writes of his work at this time: "I have Mr. Dinkel says of Agassiz''s student life at this time:--* (* Extract carry his work to Paris, to the great centre of scientific life, Agassiz and his work on fossil fishes, Reception by Scientific Men. Work on Fossil Fishes there. threw new light on the history of fossil fishes, a work which While Agassiz thus pursued his work on fossil fishes with ardor and from the beginning, the close associate of Agassiz''s glacier work. associated with Agassiz in his work at various times, and when they work, and Agassiz believed, as will be seen by a later letter, that following letter gives some idea of his work at this time. allow time for the completion of the work Agassiz had now on hand. id = 44820 author = Allen, Grant title = The Evolutionist at Large date = keywords = 6_d; 8vo; CHARLES; COLLINS; Crown; Edition; Illustrations; JAMES; JOHN; Mr.; Mrs.; New; Notes; OUIDA; Portrait; Sir; Vols; WILKIE; author; cloth; extra; history; plant; ~the summary = A strawberry, a snail-shell, a tadpole, a bird, a wayside flower--these colour, my eye falls and rests instinctively upon the three little ripening fruits and opening flowers have a natural tendency to grow But then we knew so little of life in any form till the day before snails retain a final trace of their original water-haunting life, in mass sheds a world of light upon the true nature and origin of birds, plant, with numerous flowers and seeds, just like the dodder. Crown 8vo, Coloured Frontispiece and Illustrations, cloth gilt, Second Edition, demy 8vo, cloth extra, with Map and Illustrations, Small 4to, cloth gilt, with Coloured Illustrations, 10_s._ 6_d._ New and Cheaper Edition, demy 8vo, cloth extra, with Illustrations, Second Edition.--Crown 8vo, cloth extra, with Illustrations, 6_s._ page Illustrations, in Colours, and Life of the Author by J. Crown 8vo, cloth extra, with Coloured Illustrations, 7_s._ 6_d._ id = 10347 author = Alvares, Rahul title = Free from School date = keywords = Ashok; Bangalore; Bank; Croc; Goa; Park; chapter; day; fish; snake; spider; time summary = It''s not every day that a 16 year old writes a book. lot of time observing the fish at Ashok''s shop and getting practical All through the three days I was assigned simple jobs like watching sprayed with water three times a day with a shower pointing upwards so the Pune Snake Park and the idea of my one year sabbatical took root. My first day at the snake park and what an experience! spiders, earthworms and my all-time favourites, crocodiles and snakes. "Sir" as everyone calls him, suggested I start work from the next day Croc Bank is home to thousands of crocodiles, all of them housed in There is, in fact, a big snake pit at the Croc Bank, Much later, when I visited Croc Bank a second time, it was the breeding And on the last day of my stay at Croc Bank the red-eared turtle which id = 33509 author = Alvarez, Ticul title = Taxonomic Status of Some Mice of The Peromyscus boylii Group in Eastern Mexico, With Description of a New Subspecies date = keywords = San; Veracruz summary = Saussure (1860) described _Peromyscus aztecus_ from southern México. Osgood (1909) by comparison of one of Saussure''s specimens with some from Mirador, Veracruz, concluded that _aztecus_ was a subspecies of _P. every respect with recently collected specimens from Mirador, Veracruz, boylii_ that I have examined are from Las Vigas, Veracruz, and Of two specimens reported from Jalapa, Veracruz, by Osgood (1909:158), one (108547 USNM) agrees with specimens from Mirador San Luis Potosí, south through the central states of México to Specimens from San Luis Potosí resemble topotypes, but color that is more intense in specimens from the Sierra de Tamaulipas. Nuevo León south through San Luis Potosí, Hidalgo, and Veracruz to _Specimens examined._--Total 179 as follows: TAMAULIPAS: Sierra of _levipes_ (from San Luis Potosí) from other specimens of _beatae_ _Specimens examined._--Total 60 as follows: VERACRUZ: 1 km. #Peromyscus boylii ambiguus# new subspecies The specimens from the Sierra San Carlos, Tamaulipas, closely resemble id = 39372 author = Alvarez, Ticul title = The Recent Mammals of Tamaulipas, México date = keywords = Allen; Goldman; Goodwin; Madre; México; Proc; Rancho; Records; San; Sierra; Tamaulipas; distribution summary = type locality is in Tamaulipas, 45 miles from Brownsville, Texas, but Specimens of this subspecies from the Sierra de Tamaulipas, previously Specimens from the Sierra de Tamaulipas were taken in mist nets in Weight of four specimens from the Sierra de Tamaulipas averaged 16.2 Specimens from the Sierra de Tamaulipas were taken in a cave along with The two specimens examined from the Sierra de Tamaulipas were taken in _Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Known only from type locality specimens taken in the Sierra de Tamaulipas were caught in mist nets, Eight June-taken females, all lactating, from the Sierra de Tamaulipas Eight June-taken females, all lactating, from the Sierra de Tamaulipas specimens examined from Tamaulipas, four are dark, resembling in color The only specimen of this bat known from Tamaulipas was reported by All specimens taken (June 19-23) in the Sierra de Tamaulipas were Measurements of specimens from different localities in Tamaulipas id = 33659 author = Andersen, Kenneth W. title = Mammals of Northwestern South Dakota date = keywords = County; Dakota; Harding; June summary = information gathered in Harding County, northwestern South Dakota, and trees." Slim Buttes, the North and South Cave Hills, the East and West Fifty-three species of mammals known from Harding County, South Dakota, south of the East Short Pine Hills) is the only specimen not taken in specimens (four females and five males) taken in midand late June were measured 17 and was in summer pelage; an adult male taken on June 27 rocky areas in the hills and buttes of Harding County, and also Butte area of Harding County." Visher (1914:89) recorded the species as We have no record of this species in Harding County other than Visher''s Harding County, but Visher (1914:91) reported that an individual An adult female taken on June 26, 1961, in the North Cave Hills was taken specimens in adjacent Bowman County, North Dakota, and only a few northwestern Harding County, because specimens have been taken recently id = 30942 author = Anderson, Sydney title = Extensions of Known Ranges of Mexican Bats date = keywords = Tamaulipas summary = on March 17, 1950, extend the known range of this species 330 miles Heinrich, on June 13, 1953, extends the known range of this species 76 December 26, 1953, to January 5, 1954, extend the known range of this species 360 miles northward from Mirador, Veracruz (Davis and Russell, Another specimen from Tamaulipas in our collection is from S Piedra, Tamaulipas, taken by Gerd H. on June 15, 1953, extend the known range of this species on the Gulf range of the species 50 miles northward from San Sebástian, Jalisco Schaldach, on July 17, 1954, extend the known range of this species Piedra, Tamaulipas, extends the known range of the species 58 miles known range of this species 61 miles northward from El Pachón, extends the known range of the species on the east coast of Mexico extends the known range of this species southeastward 100 miles from id = 31035 author = Anderson, Sydney title = Mammals of Mesa Verde National Park, Colorado date = keywords = August; Canyon; Colorado; Mesa; Park; Prater; Rock; Verde summary = Mammals of Mesa Verde National Park, and horses ranged freely onto Wetherill Mesa as far as the North Rim. Occasionally livestock enter the floor of other canyons, for example collected 216 mammals from Mesa Verde National Park. _Specimens examined._--Total, 4: Chickaree Draw, Prater Canyon, On August 12, 1946, two prairie dogs were observed in Prater Canyon, one Youngman (1958:372) as from "Mesa Verde National Park," Mancos River, In the Park, pocket gophers occur both on mesa tops and in canyons. _Specimens examined._--Total, 3: Mesa Verde [Spruce Tree Cliff _Specimens examined._--Total, 7: North end Mesa Verde National _Specimens examined._--Total, 7: North end Mesa Verde National _Specimens examined._--Total, 7: North end Mesa Verde National _Specimens examined._--Total, 7: North end Mesa Verde National _Specimens examined._--Total, 7: North end Mesa Verde National _Specimens examined._--Total, 7: North end Mesa Verde National 3. Mammals of Mesa Verde National Park, Colorado. 3. Mammals of Mesa Verde National Park, Colorado. id = 31084 author = Anderson, Sydney title = Neotropical Bats from Western México date = keywords = Sinaloa summary = have been reported as far north as Jalisco along the west coast. hirsutus_ from Sonora, Sinaloa, and Chihuahua, and specimens of 3 males and 9 females) from Eldorado were obtained by Cutter on the specimens reported by Lukens and Davis (1957:9) who observed that specimens from Sinaloa agree with those from Guerrero, and differ from specimen (61088) as in any of the _Artibeus lituratus_ reported here. Four additional specimens from Jalisco are: 34232-34235, 3 males and 1 ~Artibeus hirsutus~ Andersen.--One specimen (25053, in preservative) of specimens (79441-79444, 2 males and 2 females) were captured in mist (36581) of six specimens (36581-36586, 4 males and 2 pregnant females) 3600 feet, 15 specimens (66432-66446, all males, including one skeleton specimens (35310-35324, 12 males and 3 females) obtained by Villa R. specimens (28 from Sonora, Sinaloa, and Chihuahua, and 60 from Guerrero Eight of 20 Sonoran specimens taken in May are females, each of id = 31280 author = Anderson, Sydney title = Mammals of the Grand Mesa, Colorado date = keywords = Grand; Mesa summary = The Grand Mesa of Colorado is a westward extension of the mountains of recorded from the Grand Mesa, and two localities below the rim of the weighing 4.8 and 4.9 grams were trapped on June 17 at locality 10, and a nonpregnant female (59644) was trapped on June 26 at locality 6. specimen from locality 10 was trapped on June 17; all others were taken of Colorado Museum) were taken at localities 2, localities in Colorado differ in color from any of the specimens from specimens from the Grand Mesa seem best referred to _T. Three females from localities 7, 10, and 11 contained embryos (2, 4, Grand Mesa and from other localities in northern Colorado. specimens from two localities in Colorado available to Cockrum and adult females; one, taken on June 25 at locality 6, contained seven at locality 15; no specimen was obtained. twenty-seven species known from the Grand Mesa. id = 32112 author = Anderson, Sydney title = Records of Harvest Mice, Reithrodontomys, from Central America, with Description of a New Subspecies from Nicaragua date = keywords = Hooper summary = Specimens in the Museum of Natural History of _Reithrodontomys females are among 195 specimens from 24 localities in Guatemala that The specimens from the departments of Guatemala and Santa Rosa are from _Type specimen._--Skin and skull of adult male, no. Four specimens of _meridionalis_ trapped in July at the type locality, _meridionalis_ differ from five summer-taken specimens of _helvolus_ in One of our specimens (KU 71389) contained four embryos that measured 5 _Specimens examined, 8, as follows_: NICARAGUA.--Estelí: 9 Specimens of _Reithrodontomys fulvescens helvolus_ used in ~_Reithrodontomys gracilis anthonyi_~ Goodwin.--EL SALVADOR.--Santa The subspecies _anthonyi_ has been known previously by seven specimens, resemble specimens of _Reithrodontomys mexicanus orinus_ from the ~_Reithrodontomys gracilis pacificus_~ Goodwin.--EL SALVADOR.--San (1952:135) and ten specimens of _pacificus_ (nine from Guatemala and specimens of _Reithrodontomys gracilis_. cranial measurements of 12 specimens from the same series (7 External measurements of these three specimens are respectively: total id = 33204 author = Anderson, Sydney title = Subspeciation in the Meadow Mouse, Microtus pennsylvanicus, in Wyoming, Colorado, and Adjacent Areas date = keywords = Colorado; County; Wyoming summary = In the region including Wyoming and Colorado, _Microtus pennsylvanicus_ north-central Wyoming (within the range of _modestus_ as mapped by Hall County, Wyoming) was selected as a representative of the paler mice and Then the two skulls of each pair were examined for differences in each skulls compared in this study a difference in the size of the auditory Microtus pennsylvanicus uligocola new subspecies of skulls from Boulder, Colorado, representing _uligocola_ and from Colfax County, New Mexico, representing _modestus_ differed in more of skulls of _uligocola_ from Boulder, Colorado, and topotypes of skull; significantly longer molar tooth-row; hind foot averaging Microtus pennsylvanicus finitus new subspecies insperatus_, the subspecies to the north, _finitus_ differs as Microtus pennsylvanicus pullatus new subspecies Ten pairs of skulls of specimens from near numbers of specimens and described _Microtus pennsylvanicus wahema_ than the subspecies from Wyoming and Colorado. subspecies _insperatus_, occur in Wyoming and Colorado. id = 38021 author = Anderson, Sydney title = The Baculum in Microtine Rodents date = keywords = Co.; Kansas; Microtus; Pitymys; World; stalk summary = The development of the baculum in _Microtus ochrogaster_ was studied in size of processes, length of stalk in my specimen (Fig. 2) 2.8 as opposed _Specimens examined_: Nine, all of the subspecies _Microtus miurus Baculum: Base of stalk well developed, greatest length (3 mm.) 1-3/4 _Specimens examined_: Six, of three subspecies; _Microtus longicaudus Baculum: In the single specimen examined, stalk small, greatest length Baculum: In the one specimen examined, stalk broad, greatest length (2.9 Baculum: In the one specimen examined, stalk broad, greatest length (2.9 _Specimens examined_: Fourteen, of three subspecies; _Microtus montanus specimen and those from the New World in both size of median process and _Specimens examined_: Two, of two subspecies; _Microtus californicus ossifications in single specimen examined; length of stalk 2-1/2 times _Specimens examined_: Forty-one, of three subspecies; _Microtus American species of _Microtus_ (genus and subgenus) that have moderatelyto well-developed ossified lateral processes are _M. id = 5792 author = Andrews, Jane title = The Stories Mother Nature Told Her Children date = keywords = Alba; Frost; Nannie; day; great; like; little; tree; water summary = You may think that Mother Nature, like the famous "old woman who lived one bead that looks like solid honey, and a little bright-winged beetle eating every little fly and mosquito that comes within his reach. water, I can dart like the little flat boatmen, or, better than all, rock the cradle when the father and mother are away and the little ones wings about them one day, and a dazzlingly beautiful little bird thrust like their mother, sober, well-behaved little moths, they were green thoroughly turned to stone, little buds, looking somewhat like the the lovely rose-colored sea-mosses, and tell her funny little story of way of the little cars that are coming and going on each side of you, like our guide, working by the light of their little lamps. great ferns as tall as this house, and mosses as high as little trees, id = 22408 author = Anonymous title = Chatterbox Stories of Natural History date = keywords = Jacko; Mr.; YOUNG; animal; bird; dog; illustration; little; nest; time summary = the trouble to go all the way to the hot country of Africa, where Mrs. Zebra is at home, and tried to carry off her baby, they would find their Let me say that this little owl is a very useful bird, for it keeps The swan affords a pleasing illustration of the love of the mother-bird hunter, but should a dog come in the way, one stroke from an elk''s foot The other day our children came home delighted at having seen a little its wings and tail, this bird presents to the dazzled eye of the woodcocks, and the young ones cannot fly, the old bird takes them as soon as the young are hatched, the old bird will sometimes carry them seen the old bird rise with the young one in her claws and carry it We have a beautiful long-haired little dog called Tousy, which lately id = 34556 author = Arvey, M. Dale (Martin Dale) title = Phylogeny of the Waxwings and Allied Birds date = keywords = Bombycilla; Bombycillidae; Dulus; Gray; MNH; Phainopepla; Ptilogonatinae; Ptilogonys; Waxwing summary = A small family of passerine birds, the Bombycillidae, has been coloration, nesting, food habits, skeleton and soft parts, an attempt feathers of different birds of this series." _Bombycilla japonica_ The wax tips are not limited to the adult birds in the species _B. less gregarious bird than _Dulus_ and waxwings, has a much more the nesting of waxwings agree that one bird, assumed to be the female, nesting sites, a pair of gregarious birds such as _Dulus_ could Table 4 shows that of the birds compared in this paper, _Dulus_ has It is notable that, in general, birds with long and narrow wings be noted that the caudal muscles of _Dulus_ and _Bombycilla_ birds that have long leg bones. large only in _Phainoptila_, in which genus all the leg muscles are 2. The coloration of the birds of each subfamily is different because On the nest and eggs of the Waxwing (_Bombycilla garrula_ id = 35968 author = Arvey, M. Dale (Martin Dale) title = A Check-List of the Birds of Idaho date = keywords = County; Idaho; Latah; Linnaeus; Minidoka; Moscow summary = states that the species is common and resident at Fort Sherman. records specimens taken in migration in Minidoka County at the (1897:349) records this species as common in migration at Fort Sherman. records this species as a regular migrant in Minidoka County, and Davis (1935b:236) records one bird from the Minidoka Project taken on Uncommon resident in northern Idaho, Merrill (1897:353) stated lists the bird as a fairly common summer resident in Kootenai County. Resident in western and northern Idaho. Western Burrowing Owl. Fairly common local resident. Common resident in southern Idaho. Burleigh (1923:655) records the birds at Clark''s Fork, Bonner County. Idaho No. 119, Moscow, Latah County, June 14, 1938.) Idaho No. 175, Moscow Mountain, Latah County, Burleigh (1923:663) records this bird as a common resident at Clark''s Common resident along the Snake River in southern Idaho. common resident in central and northern Idaho. Bird notes from Owyhee County, Idaho. id = 36270 author = Aveling, Edward B. title = The Gospel of Evolution From "The Atheistic Platform", Twelve Lectures date = keywords = Gospel; man; matter; motion summary = indestructibility of matter and of motion, and in the infinite nature of the transformations of matter and motion, they have a solid fact on of the universe has been in terms of matter and of motion. bodies, the nature of chemical elements and compounds, the relation forms of matter are in certain states of motion. our study of organic chemistry are groups of two or atoms of two or more accurate we ought to find isolated forms of dead animals and plants, If we pass up into the kingdoms of the living, and study plants and feed on decaying organic things, is the natural transition between the our inorganic and organic kingdoms, our plants and animals, our classes, forms of plants and animals yet known. Study of nature to find out what is; work to apply the knowledge that we should turn from god to man, from prayer to work, from dreaming id = 30998 author = Baker, Rollin H. (Rollin Harold) title = A New Bat (Genus Pipistrellus) from Northeastern Mexico date = keywords = Pipistrellus summary = UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS PUBLICATIONS UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS PUBLICATIONS, MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS The eastern pipistrelle, _Pipistrellus subflavus_ (Cuvier) in the tributaries as far west as northern Coahuila and Val Verde County, Specimens from those places represent a heretofore undescribed #Pipistrellus subflavus clarus new subspecies# _Type._--Female, adult, skin and skull; No. 48270, Univ. _Range._--Known from northern Coahuila and adjacent parts of large; zygomata expanded laterally. (specimens from Marshall Hall in Maryland, Raleigh in North From _Pipistrellus subflavus veracrucis_ _Remarks._--_Pipistrellus subflavus clarus_ is the palest subspecies of Of the specimens assigned to _clarus_ (all _Pipistrellus subflavus clarus_ was taken along the Río San Diego and including the holotype, are, respectively, as follows: Total skull, 13.3, 13.1 (12.7-13.3); condylobasal length, 12.6, 12.4 _Specimens examined._--Those from Texas are in the collection of the United States National Museum, and those from Coahuila are in University of Kansas Museum of Natural History. id = 31040 author = Baker, Rollin H. (Rollin Harold) title = The Pigmy Woodrat, Neotoma goldmani, Its Distribution and Systematic Position date = keywords = Neotoma summary = UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS PUBLICATIONS, MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY The Pigmy Woodrat, Neotoma goldmani, The Pigmy Woodrat, Neotoma goldmani, The pigmy woodrat, _Neotoma goldmani_ Merriam, the smallest known _goldmani_ in the Mexican states of Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, shows that _goldmani_ is more closely related to _Neotoma albigula_. Externally _goldmani_ resembles _Neotoma lepida_ (examples from of resembling the _lepida_ group (including _Neotoma stephensi_), _goldmani_ looks more nearly like a miniature _albigula_ (specimens of length of the skull, are of comparable size in _goldmani_ and _albigula_ whereas those of the _lepida_ group are proportionately concave in _goldmani_ and _albigula_ instead of truncate as in the _Neotoma goldmani_ differs from both _albigula_ and _Neotoma goldmani_. The baculum of _goldmani_, when compared with bacula and with figures Although _goldmani_ bears some external resemblance to _lepida_, baculum show that _goldmani_ is best arranged as a member of the views of the baculum of _Neotoma goldmani_, adult, No. 40758 id = 31063 author = Baker, Rollin H. (Rollin Harold) title = Two New Moles (Genus Scalopus) from Mexico and Texas date = keywords = County summary = when examining sets for pocket gophers in these mountains, Alcorn found _Type._--Male, adult, skin and skull plus body skeleton; no. maxillary tooth-row, 11.3; greatest depth of skull including In studying _Scalopus aquaticus texanus_, I noted that Allen (Bull. description on a single, unsexed specimen taken in Presidio County, Rockport, Aransas County, Texas, agreed essentially with the type. well as in October of 1887 in Presidio County (see Allen, Bull. evidence that Lloyd collected in or near Aransas County in 1887 and see =Scalopus aquaticus texanus= Allen Hist.; Presidio County, Texas; September, jaws heavy; palatine space wide with upper tooth-rows arched Aransas County, Texas, _S. a. texanus_ differs in: Size smaller; subspecies _Scalopus aquaticus texanus_. The moles in southern Texas previously ascribed to _Scalopus aquaticus _Scalopus aquaticus texanus_ Jackson, N. Hist.; Rockport, Aransas County, Texas; 29 January moles from Aransas County and the type specimen of _Scalops argentatus id = 31448 author = Baker, Rollin H. (Rollin Harold) title = Mammals from Tamaulipas, Mexico date = keywords = Ciudad; Victoria summary = _Remarks._--These three specimens have proportionately longer tails length of tail of two adult males are 575, 295, and 568, 290 _Desmodus rotundus murinus_ Osgood, Field Mus. Nat. _Remarks._--Vampire bats were taken at two caves. _Heterogeomys hispidus concavus_ Nelson and Goldman, Proc. northern locality from which specimens have been taken. _Type._--Female, adult, skin and skull; no. The male obtained south of Ciudad Victoria was taken on January 12, by _Remarks._--This immature male is paler than specimens of _O. northwest of Ciudad Victoria, Tamaulipas, Mexico.) _Type._--Male, subadult, skin and skull; No. 36976, Univ. Carrizo], Tamaulipas, Mexico; 14 January 1950; obtained by Carrizo], Tamaulipas, Mexico; 14 January 1950; obtained by _Range._--Known only from the type locality; probably found _Range._--Known only from the type locality; probably found _Remarks._--_Neotoma angustapalata_ is represented by two specimens; the type and another specimen, an adult male, no. _Specimens examined_, 2, from the type locality. _Specimens examined_, 2, from the type locality. id = 32623 author = Baker, Rollin H. (Rollin Harold) title = Geographic Variation in the Pocket Gopher, Cratogeomys castanops, in Coahuila, México date = keywords = Coahuila; Cratogeomys summary = _Cratogeomys castanops convexus_ Nelson and Goldman, Proc. A specimen taken near the Río Grande in Coahuila, opposite Samuels, _Specimens examined._--Total, 14, all from Coahuila: Río Grande, 17 +Cratogeomys castanops bullatus+ new subspecies north, _bullatus_ differs in: Hind foot shorter; skull much broader in _Remarks._--_Cratogeomys castanops bullatus_ in small size resembles +Cratogeomys castanops ustulatus+ new subspecies north, _ustulatus_ differs in: Body larger; tail shorter; upper parts +Cratogeomys castanops jucundus+ new subspecies tail shorter; hind foot slightly smaller; upper parts darker, more Body slightly smaller; tail shorter; hind foot slightly larger; upper differs in: Body smaller; tail and hind foot shorter; upper parts _consitus_ differs in: Size smaller; tail and hind foot shorter; upper From _Cratogeomys castanops subsimus_, found to the east, _excelsus_ in: Body larger; hind foot smaller; upper parts in winter pelage +Cratogeomys castanops subsimus+ Nelson and Goldman differs in: Body larger; tail and hind foot shorter; upper parts id = 33915 author = Baker, Rollin H. (Rollin Harold) title = Mammals taken Along the Alaska Highway date = keywords = Alaska; Creek; Lake; River summary = collected mammals in Alaska, Yukon Territory, British Columbia, adult specimens from 1 mile south of Haines are as follows: Total of ten adult specimens from the Chilkat River, 9 miles west and 4 _Specimens examined._--Total 3, as follows: _British Columbia_: Hot _Remarks._--Specimens from 2 miles west of Teslin River resemble _P. _Specimens examined._--Total 4, as follows: _British Columbia_: Summit (Type from upper Liard River, British Columbia, _Specimens examined._--One from _British Columbia_: Screw Creek, 10 _Specimens examined._--One from _British Columbia_: Screw Creek, 10 _Remarks._--Specimens obtained are skulls only, mostly taken in the _Specimens examined._--Total 2, as follows: _British Columbia_: 14 mi. _Specimens examined._--Total 2, as follows: _British Columbia_: 14 mi. _Specimens examined._--Total 2, as follows: _British Columbia_: 14 mi. _Specimens examined._--Total 2, as follows: _British Columbia_: 14 mi. _Specimens examined._--Total 2, as follows: _British Columbia_: 14 mi. _Specimens examined._--Total 2, as follows: _British Columbia_: 14 mi. _Specimen examined._--One from _British Columbia_: N side Liard River id = 42537 author = Baker, Rollin H. (Rollin Harold) title = The Avifauna of Micronesia, Its Origin, Evolution, and Distribution date = keywords = August; Birds; December; Finsch; Geographic; Guam; Hartlaub; Islands; Japanese; Journ; Kuroda; Kusaie; Marianas; Mayr; Micronesia; Momiyama; Mus; November; Ornith; Pacific; Palau; Peleliu; Ponapé; Proc; Rota; Ruk; Saipan; September; Southwest; Tinian; Truk; Yap; hand; pelew; type summary = Table 9 lists the shore birds seen at Ulithi Atoll, Caroline Islands, on eastern Caroline islands, Coultas obtained five other birds which appear (Saipan, Truk, Ponapé, Palaus); Hand-list Japanese Birds, 3rd ed., 209 (Saipan, Truk, Ponapé, Palau); Mayr, Birds Southwest Micronesia: Mariana Islands--Guam, Rota, Saipan; Palau Marshall Islands, according to the Hand-list of Japanese Birds 110 (Type locality, Caroline Islands; Pelew, Yap, Truk, Ponapé, (Truk, Palau, Guam); Mayr, Birds Southwest Pacific, 1945, p. _Geographic range._--Micronesia: Mariana Islands--Guam, Tinian, Palau--exact locality unknown; Caroline Islands--Yap. _Remarks._--The Tufted Duck is a winter migrant to western Micronesia. _Geographic range._--Micronesia: Mariana Islands--Guam; Palau (Saipan, Guam, Palau, Ponapé, Kusaie, Ruk, Tarawa); Mayr, Birds 5 (Saipan, Guam, Palau, Ruk, Kusaie); Mayr, Birds 7 (Guam, Palau, Ponapé, Ruk, Kusaie); Mayr, Birds recorded from the Palau Islands in 1868, where the bird was taken by (Caroline Islands); Mayr, List New Guinea Birds, 1941, p. Some new birds from the Palau and Mariana Islands. id = 26438 author = Ball, W. P. (William Platt) title = Are the Effects of Use and Disuse Inherited? An Examination of the View Held by Spencer and Darwin date = keywords = Animals; Darwin; Domestication; Mr.; Plants; Spencer; USE; Variation; effect; inheritance; natural; selection summary = The question whether the effects of use and disuse are inherited, or, in eye-stalks_ appear to illustrate the effects of natural selection rather use-inheritance, surely we may believe that natural selection, inheritance of the effects of use and disuse in kind_. use-inheritance as it undoubtedly is to effect great changes in direct SIMILAR EFFECTS OF NATURAL SELECTION AND USE-INHERITANCE. SIMILAR EFFECTS OF NATURAL SELECTION AND USE-INHERITANCE. natural selection are inherited effects of use or disuse. necessarily by directly inherited effects of use or disuse of parts in use-inheritance by natural or artificial selection acting upon general the alleged inheritance of the similar effects of use and disuse, unless The alleged inheritance of the effects of use and disuse in our domestic selection has shown itself in cases where use-inheritance could have WOULD NATURAL SELECTION FAVOUR USE-INHERITANCE? WOULD NATURAL SELECTION FAVOUR USE-INHERITANCE? various evil results of use-inheritance, natural selection would be id = 32855 author = Barlow, Jon C. title = Natural History of the Bell Vireo, Vireo bellii Audubon date = keywords = Bell; June; Kansas; Vireo; male; nest; red; table summary = of Kansas, where both species breed, the Bell Vireo occurs in "brush Nevertheless areas in which Bell Vireos typically nest are Red-eyed Vireo forages but sings little in the pre-nesting period. male Bell Vireo arrives first at the breeding area but precedes the The male Bell Vireo begins to sing regularly soon after its arrival in A nesting pair of Bell Vireos, 10 feet away, became (1953:50), the male Red-eyed Vireo has a distinct singing area Red-eyed Vireos require five to six days to choose the first nest-site Both the male and female Bell Vireo have been observed to building the nest, only the female Red-eyed Vireo builds according to of male vireos singing from the nest suggest that this is a function As indicated previously, the female Bell Vireo leaves the nest 2. The Bell Vireo sings more often daily and throughout the nesting id = 44582 author = Bateson, William title = Problems of Genetics date = keywords = Dr.; England; Kammerer; Lamarckiana; Mr.; North; Oenothera; Vries; case; fact; form; mendelian; specie; type; variation summary = quoted the two forms concerned are really distinct species, but the Species were formed by the act of Nature, who by inter-mixing the genera a natural and physiological distinction between species and variety. forms are this original parental species. type how comes it that B may range through some twenty distinct forms, Compare the condition of a variable form like the male Ruff (or in division may be presented by the bodies of animals and plants in forms case of a species which acquires a new factor and emits a dominant general rule that _species_-hybrids breed true, but that the cross-breds studied the curious colour variations of this species especially in the The relation of local forms to species has often been discussed from types as distinct species, but they are in any case closely allied, and special case of a problem which in its more general form is that of the id = 52312 author = Bateson, William title = The Methods and Scope of Genetics An inaugural lecture delivered 23 October 1908 date = keywords = Genetics; Sweet; factor; ingredient summary = of the male and female gametes may in respect of any of the ingredients having received the ingredient from the male chest and from the female, eye is due to the absence of a factor which forms pigment on the front that the germ-cells formed by such individuals do either contain or not For example, if neither parent possesses a certain factor at all, then the descent of such a factor by the case of a family possessing a Our purple plant is thus cross-bred for four factors, containing only due to the absence of one of the simple factors or ingredients of which one type the fact means that the germ-cells of one or other parent must in proving that in them femaleness is a definite Mendelian factor element is no other than the femaleness-factor itself[3]. to the absence of a factor which produces normal colour-vision. id = 34337 author = Bee, James W. title = Birds Found on the Arctic Slope of Northern Alaska date = keywords = Arctic; August; Barrow; July; June; Kaolak; Lake; Point; River; Umiat summary = At Porcupine Lake a yellow-billed loon was seen every day (July 13-18, of Arctic loons were nesting on the vegetated edges of lakes of medium At Kaolak River (July 12-18, 1951), pairs of the Arctic loon used the Numerous calls of the Arctic loon were heard on the Barrier Lake area. On July 29, 1951, we flew from Point Barrow to Teshekpuk Lake and At the south end of Lake Peters (July 31, 1952), a pair of adult adult male and female were at the side of a young bird held in a trap. one male, two females and four young at Kaolak (July 21, 1951) the Lake (July 29, 1951) but the group was not seen the following day. At Kaolak (July 21-27, 1951) two birds nested near camp while others On July 8, 1952, approximately two miles south of Wahoo Lake on a high id = 25888 author = Beebe, William title = Edge of the Jungle date = keywords = Atta; Guiana; Guinevere; Kartabo; Linné; Mazaruni; New; ant; day; eye; foot; great; home; jungle; leaf; leave; life; like; little; long; nest; night; pass; small; time; tree; watch; water; wing summary = Across my doorstep a line of leaf-cutting ants was passing, each water receded slowly, and strange little things floated past had the jungle-life come past Hope''s unseeing eyes and found the tiny pool, the water lined with ant handrails, and in shallow places, white-headed workers, while the smaller ants transported small eggs paths of life from some new temporary nest deep in the jungle. water, then slowly taken a new reach upward and stretched forth great things, the wonderful emerald of my great tree-frog of last year came laboratory and rested quietly--a great queen of the leaf-cutting Attas somewhere in its heart a thread of ant-life; finally, two little that every ant that went out, cut his tiny bit of leaf, and returned, an enormous nest of Attas--the leaf-cutting ants of the British Up through mud and black trench-water came the leaf, like a tiny fist id = 26516 author = Beebe, William title = The Log of the Sun: A Chronicle of Nature''s Year date = keywords = Latin; Nature; New; Park; animal; bird; creature; day; fish; form; great; leave; life; like; little; long; nest; small; time; tree; water; way; white; wing; winter; year summary = beside being the constant prey of birds and fishes, a great many nests are You may be able to identify any bird near your home, you may know its nest birds are like creatures of another world; and, although in every summer''s When that time comes, the animals and birds which survive will be only like some great stone dropped into the water; the little marsh wren''s song out the old feathers, and the bird becomes a thing of the water, to swim Little wonder is it that the young birds bird would make but little progress in forming a cup-shaped nest, were it When we come to consider the tree as a living individual, a form of life and before the first bird-like creatures had appeared, winged Something like six millions of years ago, long-tailed, fluttering birds Many of the birds which find their food at sea, or in the waters of stream id = 37614 author = Beebe, William title = Jungle Peace date = keywords = Guiana; House; Indians; Kalacoon; New; Nupee; Ram; St.; Trail; ant; bird; black; day; eye; foot; great; head; jungle; leave; life; like; little; long; look; man; pass; small; time; tree; water summary = gang-planks, for all the world like leaf-cutting ants transporting their never-ending drift of weed has evolved about it a little world of life, brown frond with many long, narrow leaves and a number of berry-like gannets--great sea birds with wings six feet from tip to tip--an small green snake coiled as high as possible, and, serpent-like, waiting great water-constrictor long dead, entangled in some brush, half caught half-circles and crescents, heads of little old men and pods like commonest birds, and their little homes, like bits of tide-hung drift, great, strange creature--this Danger, this thing so wholly new and One could watch the changing seasons of the great tropical jungle from thousands of miles of voyaging to study the life of this great jungle, Only at my feet two ants still moved, a small worker and a great The tropical jungle by day is the most wonderful place in the world. id = 6321 author = Belt, Thomas title = The Naturalist in Nicaragua date = keywords = America; Atlantic; Bates; Belt; Brazil; CHAPTER; Central; Chontales; Domingo; England; Europe; Greytown; Indians; Juan; Juigalpa; Libertad; Matagalpa; Mexico; Mr.; Nicaragua; North; Ocotal; PLATE; Pacific; Rio; San; Santo; Spaniards; Velasquez; West; great; small; spanish; tree summary = preventing them ascending young trees.--Leaf-cutting ants are names.--Dry river-beds.--Monkeys and wasps.--Reach Juigalpa.--Ride drive over frozen lakes in North America; some in the great forests trees grew, I saw several dark objects lying close to the water on palms, and large-leaved bread-fruit trees, was soon shut from our birds, are often seen on the branches of trees above where an ant One day when watching a small column of these ants, I placed a San Carlos is a small town at the foot of the great lake, where it gleaming like great white flowers amongst the dark green foliage. with the hands in running water, a little of it at a time, placed to so great a depth, while the ants were continually at work making small trees, searching for birds'' nests and fruits. species of Erythrina, a small tree, bearing red flowers, that grew looking like great leaves, and its stem, formed of the same, id = 28380 author = Bettany, G. T. (George Thomas) title = Life of Charles Darwin date = keywords = 8vo; America; Beagle; Cambridge; Charles; Darwin; Descent; Journal; London; Magazine; Man; Mr.; N.S.; Nature; Origin; Professor; Review; Science; Sir; Society; Species; life; plant; vol summary = and Huxley; Darwin''s ideas on the origin of species germinated long-continued investigations, Charles Darwin was such a man. Early in 1817, the closing year of his mother''s life, Charles Darwin was says: "I am very full of Darwin''s new theory of coral islands, and have travellers generally, and edited by Sir John Herschel, was Darwin''s, on Darwin''s great work "On the Origin of Species by means of Natural That variation of species occurs in a state of nature Darwin proves not in the "Origin of Species," Darwin hesitated at the time of its observations were afterwards published by Darwin in _Mind_, vol. abstract by Mr. Francis Darwin in _Nature_, vol. abstract by Mr. Francis Darwin in _Nature_, vol. Plants, with particular reference to Mr. Darwin''s work on the Origin of Mr. Darwin''s Theories, vol. Charles Darwin, vol. The Origin of Darwinism, vol. Darwin''s Origin of Species (July 1860), vol. id = 26009 author = Biart, Lucien title = Adventures of a Young Naturalist date = keywords = CHAPTER; Chanito; Chaude; Europe; God; Gringalet; Indian; L''Encuerado; Lucien; Master; Mexico; Orizava; Sumichrast; Terre; bird; cry; fall; fire; illustration; like; little; look; tree; water summary = "I remember," cried Lucien, "that one day l''Encuerado took a pipe immediately Gringalet, l''Encuerado, and Lucien emerged from the forest. "What a comical-looking bird!" said Lucien; "and yet I''m half afraid of Sumichrast call l''Encuerado?" asked Lucien, in a low voice. Lucien and Sumichrast sat down, while the Indian and I, by means of The Indian laid down his load, which Sumichrast and Lucien took charge l''Encuerado took away Lucien towards the rocks, and set up one of those Sumichrast advised Lucien to clap his hands, and I ordered l''Encuerado "Come here and look at an apple-tree!" cried Lucien, suddenly. I put Lucien down on the ground, so that he might go to l''Encuerado, who "They are funny birds, those," said l''Encuerado to Lucien. "L''Encuerado will be sure to find us," said Lucien, with such an air of "It is l''Encuerado!" cried Lucien. and, while I was helping l''Encuerado, Sumichrast and Lucien went off in id = 57954 author = Bingley, William title = Useful Knowledge: Volume 2. Vegetables Or, a familiar account of the various productions of nature date = keywords = America; China; East; England; Europe; Fig; France; Indies; Italy; Jamaica; Scotland; September; South; Spain; West; british; colour; common; flower; fruit; great; indian; kind; leave; plant; seed; tree summary = pointed, and somewhat hairy leaves; small white flowers in clusters, and The wild trees yield a very small kind of fruit, which furnishes, _The mango tree grows to a great size, and has spear-shaped leaves, each plant, with numerous small rose-coloured flowers, which grows wild on The _wood_, resin, bark, and even the flowers of this tree, are all of use Ash-tree, wood, leaves, and bark, uses of, 264 Beech-tree, wood, fruit, and leaves, uses of, 220 Birch-tree, wood, bark, twigs, leaves, and sap, uses of, 210 ----, tree, bark, juice, and flowers, uses of, 204, 205 Holly-tree, wood, leaves, berries, and bark, uses of, 14 Lime, or Linden-tree, flowers, wood, juice, leaves, and seed, uses of, Mulberry-tree, fruit, juice, leaves, and bark, uses of, 214 Nettle, common, leaves, tops, stalks, roots, flowers, and seed, uses of, Sloe, fruit, flowers, bark, leaves, and wood, uses of, 145 id = 58118 author = Bingley, William title = Useful Knowledge: Volume 3. Animals Or, a familiar account of the various productions of nature date = keywords = Africa; America; Asia; COMMON; Continent; Edition; England; Europe; Fig; France; Greenland; India; Indians; London; Mediterranean; North; Scotland; South; Spain; animal; bird; british; catch; colour; country; description; fish; flesh; great; skin summary = _These animals inhabit the sea near the northern parts of the coast of imagine that nearly all parts of this animal are useful as remedies for small quadrupeds, birds, eggs, and other animal substances of different The uses of the white bear are chiefly confined to the skin, the flesh, and animal than the stag, generally of brownish bay colour on the upper parts In the northern parts of England there is a very useful kind, called The animals of the whale tribe are of great use to mankind in a commercial Bear, white or polar, description of, and uses of skin, flesh, fat, and Beaver, description of, and uses of skin, hair, castor, flesh, and teeth, ----, common or fresh-water, description of, how caught, and use of, 242 Dog-fish, description of, and use of skin, &c., 226 Fox, common, description of, and uses of skin, and flesh, 32 id = 6322 author = Bonpland, Aimé title = Personal Narrative of Travels to the Equinoctial Regions of America, During the Year 1799-1804 — Volume 1 date = keywords = Africa; Alps; America; Andes; Araya; Barcelona; Bonpland; Canary; Cape; Caracas; Cariaco; Caripe; Chaymas; Cordilleras; Cruz; Cumana; Cumanacoa; Europe; Firma; Grenada; Guayra; Indians; Islands; Margareta; Mexico; New; Orinoco; Orotava; Paria; Peak; Peru; Quito; Rio; San; Santa; Silla; South; Spain; Spaniards; St.; Tamanac; Teneriffe; Terra; Venezuela; Vesuvius; West; World; european; mission; spanish summary = vast circuit west, north, east, and south, the current takes a new placed on the coasts of continents, serve as sea-marks to direct in the air, indicated some new eruption of the great volcano of depth near a coast formed by very high and perpendicular mountains. health, as soon as we could land them at the island of St. Margareta, or the port of Cumana, places remarkable for their great appearance of mountains or hills.) and it receives, near the Indian mountainous place covered with stunted trees, exposed to the winds, the coasts, appears a great degree of coolness. of the great trees; and the natives, who love solitary places, form mass, it appeared to belong to the great formation of the sea-coast the mountains of the coast would have formed a narrow island, low-water appears like a small island. Caracas, situated in the mountains, three degrees west of Cumana, id = 18986 author = Bose, Jagadis Chandra title = Response in the Living and Non-Living date = keywords = E.M.; FIG; effect; illustration; increase; plant; response; stimulus; temperature summary = ''On Electric Response of Ordinary Plants under Mechanical Stimulus.'' PLANT RESPONSE--ON THE EFFECTS OF SINGLE STIMULUS AND OF stimulation--Staircase effect--Reversed responses due to theory--Retinal currents--Normal response positive--Inorganic EFFECT OF HIGH TEMPERATURE ON PLANT RESPONSE 64 Conditions for obtaining electric response--Method of injury--Current of ELECTRIC RESPONSE IN PLANTS--METHOD OF NEGATIVE VARIATION ELECTRIC RESPONSE IN PLANTS--METHOD OF NEGATIVE VARIATION PLANT RESPONSE--ON THE EFFECTS OF SINGLE STIMULUS AND OF SUPERPOSED produces effective response (fig. point underwent a reversal into the normal negative response (fig. certain minimal intensity which is effective in producing response, but giving positive, instead of the normal negative, response (fig. effect on response, by increasing molecular mobility in some way. PLANT RESPONSE--EFFECT OF ANÆSTHETICS AND POISONS PLANT RESPONSE--EFFECT OF ANÆSTHETICS AND POISONS effect--Reversed responses due to molecular modification in nerve with the relation between the stimulus and the molecular effect--i.e. the response--something very similar. #Increased response after continuous stimulation.#--An effect somewhat id = 34554 author = Breukelman, John title = Selected Records of Reptiles and Amphibians from Kansas date = keywords = Co.; Emporia; mile summary = spec.).* _Lyon Co._: Emporia (No. 352).* _Ness Co._: Ness City (Nos. 502-504, 595, 596)*; 4 miles west, 1.5 miles north of Ness City (No. 593).* _Sheridan Co._: Sheridan County State Park (Nos. 565-568). west and 1.5 miles north of Ness City (Nos. 506, 507, 597-606).* miles west of Olpe; 2 miles northeast of Emporia (Nos. 434-441).* south of Bucklin (Nos. 398-400).* _Ness Co._: 4 miles west and 1.5 miles Snake.--_Chase Co._: 5 miles southwest of Saffordville (Nos. 121, 131, Snake.--_Chase Co._: 6 miles south of Clements; 6 miles southwest of _Lyon Co._: 9 miles south of Plymouth (No. 25); Emporia (No. 30)*; 5 Co._: 1 mile south of Emporia (Nos. 218-225)*; 8 miles northwest of _Franklin Co._: 2 miles southwest of Lane (Nos. 187-192, 194).* _Lyon Co._: 1.5 miles northwest of Reading (No. 7).* spec.).* _Lyon Co._: 3 miles north of Emporia; 6 miles south of id = 34368 author = Bridges, Calvin B. (Calvin Blackman) title = Sex-linked Inheritance in Drosophila date = keywords = Drosophila; F_1; TABLE; linkage summary = us say, two sex-linked factors, is mated to a wild female, his daughters female mated to a wild male produces vermilion sons and wild-type lethal-bearing female is crossed to a male of another stock with a yellow, white (eosin), bifid, club, vermilion, miniature, sable, forked, Both males and females give a cross-over value of 5 units for cherry bifid, Some of the F_1 females were back-crossed to yellow sable males and gave When cherry (gray) females were crossed to (red) sable males the daughters TABLE 17.--_P_1 vermilion sable bar_ [female] [female] Ã� _wild_ [male] The reciprocal cross (dot female with vermilion eyes by wild male) was made TABLE 20.--_P_1 vermilion dot [female] Ã� wild [male]._ Vermilion forked males were crossed to wild females and gave females were crossed to cherry vermilion males. vermilion males and the wild-type daughters were back-crossed to cherry C. F__{1} _wild-type_ [female] Ã� _cherry club vermilion_ [male] id = 21111 author = Brightwen, Mrs. (Eliza Elder) title = Wild Nature Won By Kindness date = keywords = Crown; Edition; Mr.; Richard; Second; author; bird; cage; day; food; illustration; life; little; place; play; time; young summary = In many cases I have kept a wild animal or bird for a few days to learn loss of the cheery little bird, who seemed like a bright ubiquitous returning, the dear little bird lay dead beneath the window, against Whilst I was watching it, a little bird darted with all its force kept in a cage with but little sand and an outside water-glass which box down a little way from the cage on the floor, and placed a small log after year, a lock was placed to the box to protect the little bird; but and with a long feather soon attracted the little animal''s attention; he catch the agile little creature; but one day we saw a cat watching an Autumn is the best time to begin taming such a little friend. a mealworm, four or five times a day, when the bird appears. id = 45602 author = Buffon, Georges Louis Leclerc, comte de title = Buffon''s Natural History, Volume 02 (of 10) Containing a Theory of the Earth, a General History of Man, of the Brute Creation, and of Vegetables, Mineral, &c. &c date = keywords = Africa; America; Black; Cape; China; England; Europe; Kamtschatka; Mediterranean; New; Red; Sea; St.; form; great; island; mountain; water; wind summary = frequently by small straits; it forms mediterranean seas, some of which inclined to look on it not as a sea, but as a great lake formed by the The Black Sea in fact receives more water from rivers than the sea has often inundated lands and formed saline lakes therein, like land, and leaving water in the lowest places may have formed lakes, currents caused by the winds, but directed by the form of the coasts towards the sea, all its water may follow the current of air, and form Water, as has been observed, has produced mountains and formed most the ancient strata which are formed under the waters of the sea. contain sea-shells, have been formed by the sediments of the waters, "The sea may form hills and mountains in many different manners; mountains, formed under the water by the sediment of the sea, the id = 45639 author = Buffon, Georges Louis Leclerc, comte de title = Buffon''s Natural History, Volume 03 (of 10) Containing a Theory of the Earth, a General History of Man, of the Brute Creation, and of Vegetables, Minerals, &c. &c. date = keywords = Aristotle; Graaf; Harvey; Leeuwenhoek; Malpighius; Mr.; animal; body; egg; female; foetus; form; liquor; matrix; motion; seminal; small; time summary = like the eggs of viviparous animals, and together form a mass larger and if water is added it will appear like a substance of small animals. furrowed motion in the liquor, which appears to follow the moving body, observed these bodies, which appeared animated for some time, and saw liquor with warm water, when the motion of the small bodies remained globules which appeared animated like those of the seminal liquors, moving bodies to those in the seed of male and female animals. bodies in the seminal liquor have been taken for animals, because they In the body of every animal, male or female, new productions are formed animals, the seminal liquors of the male and female do not contain a molecules in the seminal liquors of male and female animals and seed In an organized body, as that of an animal, we may suppose some parts id = 45729 author = Buffon, Georges Louis Leclerc, comte de title = Buffon''s Natural History. Volume 04 (of 10) Containing a Theory of the Earth, a General History of Man, of the Brute Creation, and of Vegetables, Minerals, &c. &c date = keywords = Africa; America; Chinese; Europeans; Hottentots; Indians; Negroes; Senegal; Tartars; black; body; eye; man; nature; negro; woman; year summary = Women, it has been observed, have generally fewer teeth than men. men, the voice changes at the age of puberty; and in women, a strong of the body, are naturally softer in women than in men, they do not different part, and if we open both eyes, the object will appear to heads bulky, hair black and straight, and skin of a tawny colour. bodies are short and thick; their hair long, their eyes black, their the women have naturally no hair on any part of the body, and the men Their hair which is very black, the men wear short; the common people shapely, have large faces and black eyes; that the women are small hair is very long; that the black men are not flat-nosed like those of In all ages has the origin of black men formed a grand object of eyes, beautiful white teeth, and long smooth black hair. id = 45730 author = Buffon, Georges Louis Leclerc, comte de title = Buffon''s Natural History. Volume 05 (of 10) Containing a Theory of the Earth, a General History of Man, of the Brute Creation, and of Vegetables, Minerals, &c. &c date = keywords = Arabia; Barbary; England; Europe; FIG; France; Persia; animal; dog; great; horse; illustration; man; nature; produce; sense; time summary = differs from another, if there existed no brute animals, the nature of sense and motion may be compared to an animal doomed by Nature to a on the senses should produce in the animal body a violent re-action, change its place, but in a very little time does a young animal acquire In greater perfection, then, than man, do animals enjoy the senses Having compared man with the brute animal, taken individually, let us Man changes the natural state of animals by forcing them to obey, and domestic animals vary so much, that there are horses, dogs, &c. countries agree best with the nature of horses; that in general, small In those species of animals which man has formed into flocks, and whose the dog, horse, ass, and probably of all animals which have not suet, internal parts, are, nevertheless, animals of very different natures. id = 45731 author = Buffon, Georges Louis Leclerc, comte de title = Buffon''s Natural History. Volume 06 (of 10) Containing a Theory of the Earth, a General History of Man, of the Brute Creation, and of Vegetables, Minerals, &c. &c date = keywords = Africa; America; Barr; Buffon; Engraved; Europe; FIG; France; SUPPLEMENT; animal; illustration; like; man; nature; specie; stag; time; young summary = other place, it is possibly an animal of a different species; and I In the History of Man, and of Domestic Animals, we have seen Nature Wild and independent animals are, of all living beings, man not forests, and lives only upon wood, produces a species of trees, which appears this animal approaches nearer to the species of the stag than civilized countries, the human species and domestic animals, are more In the like manner it is with animals; those that live in living animals a great way off, and will hunt them a long time by They feed upon a species of rats and other small animals, Under the generic name of rat several species of little animals have water-rat, that there is great reason to suppose them different animals. time, like other animals. near, that one of each species will produce animals which Nature id = 45820 author = Buffon, Georges Louis Leclerc, comte de title = Buffon''s Natural History. Volume 07 (of 10) Containing a Theory of the Earth, a General History of Man, of the Brute Creation, and of Vegetables, Minerals, &c. &c date = keywords = Africa; America; Asia; Barbary; Brasil; Buffon; Canada; East; Europe; FIG; Footnote; India; Indies; Marcgrave; New; Seba; animal; illustration summary = As the word Tiger is a generic name, given several animals of different to every animal whose skin was spotted, instead of one species of that America, and that the puma of Peru is an animal of a different species; animals, is not bigger than a common-sized hog; he differs as much as Each of these animals, therefore, forms a different species. treat of them as animals of a different species. animal is of a different species from the bats just mentioned, both of animal common to both continents, and of a different species from that long as the body, though it appears shorter when the animal is young; several species of animals which are not covered with hair among the for we have seen in an animal, whose species is somewhat like that of the same animal, when, in fact, the third is a different species, and id = 45821 author = Buffon, Georges Louis Leclerc, comte de title = Buffon''s Natural History. Volume 08 (of 10) Containing a Theory of the Earth, a General History of Man, of the Brute Creation, and of Vegetables, Minerals, &c. &c date = keywords = Africa; America; Aristotle; Asia; Barbary; Buffon; Cape; Egypt; Europe; FIG; India; Persia; Pliny; animal; horn; illustration; nature summary = Domestic animals in very few respects resemble wild ones; their nature, animals of the same species, which according to the differences of Continent, like other animals, whose nature can support the cold. The buffalo, like all large animals of warm climates, is fond of several kinds of domestic sheep more than any other wild animal; he of ruminating animals who has horns like the stag. animals of different species, we shall treat of them together, because species, is that the rein-deer is the only animal where the female The female wild goat has smaller horns than the male, and nearly that the oriental bezoar animal is not the common and domestic goat, bezoar animal is a kind of wild goat, or rather gazelle; but by the species but from many different animals, particularly gazelles and Kolbe, speaking of this animal, says, it has horns like those id = 45867 author = Buffon, Georges Louis Leclerc, comte de title = Buffon''s Natural History. Volume 09 (of 10) Containing a Theory of the Earth, a General History of Man, of the Brute Creation, and of Vegetables, Minerals, &c. &c date = keywords = Africa; America; Aristotle; Asia; Cape; Characters; Europe; FIG; Footnote; Guinea; New; Species; animal; hair; illustration; like; long; tail summary = described by Fabri as different species, are not the same animal. body of the animal is white, and the hair about two inches long. colour, and have hairs scattered over their bodies, very long, and like to man, will exclude every animal that has a tail, or a long snout, their jaws; and hence these animals differ not only in species but even different species of the walrus, and the seal, to which animals they is common both to man and the other animals, and that of the species differences between the body of this animal and that of man are reduced fore and hind feet like an ape; the hair frizzly, the tail short, the covered with brown and black hairs; he has a large long white head of over with hair: his tail is not so long as his body and head: his face There is no species of animal, except man, id = 45868 author = Buffon, Georges Louis Leclerc, comte de title = Buffon''s Natural History. Volume 10 (of 10) Containing a Theory of the Earth, a General History of Man, of the Brute Creation, and of Vegetables, Minerals, &c. &c date = keywords = America; Continent; New; Old; earth; experiment; fire; great; heat; light; matter; nature; sun; time summary = certain circumstances we feel heat long before light appears, and in general heat of light a longer time; and as their constant direction is receives heat only by uniting, a great number of atoms of light is bodies by uniting with the matter which composes them; whereas heat general difference between fire, heat, and light, appears, therefore, having been exposed to the violent heat of the sun but a short time, experiments, makes the heat of boiling water to be three times greater progress of heat in a great number of different matters, I always heat of the sun to burn, melt, or calcine different matters, which does not appear equally proved that the heat of this body on the earth the same time suppose that the heat of the sun can alone produce this heat produced by this cause in the globe of the earth, forms a very id = 38308 author = Burkett, Ray D. title = Natural History of Cottonmouth Moccasin, Agkistrodon piscovorus (Reptilia) date = keywords = cottonmouth; snake summary = cottonmouths according to age, sex and snout-vent length. Seven young cottonmouths (two males and five females) born in captivity Cottonmouths as well as other snakes usually do not feed until after the In Florida, cottonmouths shed four to six times a year, according to a king-snake (_Lampropeltis getulus_) killing a cottonmouth but thought reported herein shows that cottonmouths are eaten by king-snakes; and majority of snakes, including the cottonmouth. movements in cottonmouths, copperheads, and rat snakes (_Elaphe cit._) stated that venom of cottonmouths contains more Allen and Swindell (1948:13) stated that cottonmouth venom rates third Possibly the venom of each species of snake has greatest One of the more extensive studies on effects of venoms on snakes is that species of snake; individual variation of venom toxicity of the species; are copperhead bites, 30 per cent each are cottonmouth and rattlesnake Cottonmouths have been found on occasion when other snakes id = 14108 author = Burroughs, John title = In the Catskills: Selections from the Writings of John Burroughs date = keywords = Catskills; Slide; bird; day; foot; good; great; like; little; look; mountain; near; nest; old; place; snow; stream; time; tree; trout; water; wood summary = His feet are like great pads, and his track has little of the birds, especially the ground-builders, suffer in like manner from passed their days, they cut a road through the woods and brought Walking the other day in an old hemlock wood, I counted over forty time in the same locality, rivaling each other, like the wood thrush this bird to build upon the ground, yet here is the nest, made found the nest of one in an uplying beech wood, in a low bush near the bird return to her nest, which appeared like a mere wart or Following a trout stream up a wild mountain gorge, not long Slide, five miles of primitive woods, how wild and cool it looks, Our course lay along an old wood-road, and much of the time we were till near the top of the mountain; but, when looking to see it id = 18335 author = Burroughs, John title = The Breath of Life date = keywords = Bergson; Huxley; Lodge; Moore; Oliver; Professor; Sir; Tyndall; body; chemical; energy; force; form; life; matter; nature; science; vital; world summary = only look upon a living body as a machine by forming new conceptions of The physical and chemical forces of dead matter are The mechanical and the chemical forces of dead matter are the Mechanical forces and chemical affinities rule our physical lives, and living body as only the sum of its physical and chemical activities; physical life forms a closed circle, science says, and what goes into The cell is the unit of life; all living bodies are but vast all; the main thing about the live body--its organization, its life--you pulls matter down; life lifts it up; chemical forces pull it to pieces; Life rides on the mechanical and chemical forces, but it does Life appears like the introduction of a new element or force or tendency a peculiar ''vital force'' acts in the chemistry of life," says Professor only chemical and physical forces are discoverable in living matter; id = 20448 author = Burroughs, John title = The Wit of a Duck and Other Papers date = keywords = April; June; bird; day; little; look; nest; time; tree; winter; wood summary = live over again the days I had passed with the birds and in the birds and of summer fields and woods!" In 1873 he exchanged the But if I relate the bird in some way to human life, The homing instinct in birds and animals is one of their most horsehair which a bird is carrying to its nest gets caught in a will do this all winter long, coming home, when the days are the nest was placed, but the bird was there on her eggs in the wing, day after day, and strike no bird or other living thing, as ground beneath his feet as he took his winter walk--life with the woods sitting upon the snow one day in early winter. winter woods, make a discovery that brings every bird within in little cavities in the trunks of trees like the woodpeckers. BIRD-NESTING TIME BIRD-NESTING TIME birds'' nests? id = 30249 author = Burroughs, John title = Ways of Nature date = keywords = Mr.; act; animal; bird; dog; find; instinct; intelligence; life; like; man; nature; nest; reason; sense; song; think; time; tree; way; wild; young summary = enough to know just how much sense the birds and other wild creatures Birds and animals probably think without knowing that they think; Probably in a state of wild nature birds never make mistakes, but The mother bird alighted in the water under the nest, looked all I have seen disinterested acts among the birds, or what looked like bird had probably heard the song and learned it while very young. The homing instinct in birds and animals is one of their most that old birds build better nests or sing better than young ones it woods, and live on fruit and land-insects, and nest in trees like A great many young birds come to grief by leaving the nest before they Some of our wild birds have changed their habits of nesting, coming nest-building, and the songs of different birds of this species vary id = 31292 author = Burroughs, John title = A Year in the Fields date = keywords = April; Hudson; June; March; New; bird; day; flower; illustration; like; little; nature; snow; spring; time; tree; weed; wild; winter; wood summary = going on among the birds and little creatures of the fields, he likes morning, as I passed under the tree, I heard the hammer of the little orchard or from the near woods on that still March or April morning In the following winter the same bird (probably) tapped a maple-tree the wood thrush sings; but it is April as long as there is snow upon spring, during the spawning season, at the time "when the leaves are fields in April and May, they can bring home no wild flowers as woods, usually on high, dry ground, and will look in vain for it forces, that was witnessed in April and May. The spring comes like a form their flower-buds in the fall, and keep the secret till spring. fields and woods at this season, how many interesting facts of natural Our Northern November day itself is like spring water. id = 3163 author = Burroughs, John title = Birds and Bees, Sharp Eyes, and Other Papers date = keywords = April; Burroughs; Nathan; Uncle; apple; bee; bird; day; eye; find; honey; like; little; look; near; nest; place; time; tree; wood summary = and Bees, is made up of Bird Enemies and The Tragedies of the Nests from Eyes, is drawn from Locusts and Wild Honey, The Apple comes from Winter leave her nest like most birds, but really tried to blow or scare the and on looking up I saw a cat-bird perched upon the rim of the nest, line from the bird to the ground saw a large snake with head erect and Indeed, the nest of this bird looks precisely like a large, One day I picked up a bee in an opening in the woods and gave it honey, bee-trees along creeks and near spring runs in the woods. the tree as a likely place for bees, but the screen of leaves concealed to a tree and placed it in the beak of the young bird. bird that built a nest in a tree within a few feet of the house. id = 7280 author = Burroughs, John title = My Boyhood date = keywords = Burroughs; DEAR; Father; Harvard; Hiram; Mother; Riverby; Saturday; Sunday; Washington; boy; day; good; man; old; time; year summary = The love of the old hills and of Father and Mother is deep in the very table Father would say, "Dowie is coming to try the butter to-day." day before Father was to start and have a load headed and placed in the the end of the district down by the old stone school house--men and boys I remember the first day I went to school, probably near my fifth year. Times_, which Father took for more than fifty years. a time, Father gave them some grapes and sent them home. being my first time away from home Father wrote more frequently, and he He stands to me for father and mother and the old home. youth, and see the old home, the old days and father and mother and all when Father saw him coming, one day "out home," he asked me to run with id = 23427 author = Butler, Samuel title = Evolution, Old & New Or, the Theories of Buffon, Dr. Erasmus Darwin and Lamarck, as compared with that of Charles Darwin date = keywords = Buffon; CHAPTER; Darwin; Dr.; Erasmus; Evolution; Geoffroy; God; Haeckel; Ibid; Lamarck; Life; Matthew; Mr.; Natural; Nature; New; Old; Origin; Page; Paley; Phil; Professor; Rome; Species; St.; Zoonomia; animal; man summary = Or the Theories of Buffon, Dr. Erasmus Darwin and Lamarck, addition which I have ventured to make to the theory of Buffon and Dr. Erasmus Darwin--then the wideness of the difference between the Mr. Darwin seems to have followed the one half of Isidore Geoffroy St. Hilaire''s "full account of Buffon''s conclusions" upon the subject of climate, food, and other changed conditions of life, and that of Dr. Erasmus Darwin, which assigns only an indirect effect to these, while evolution, may be seen from the following passage, taken from Mr. Darwin''s ''Origin of Species'':-organs of living bodies, all animal and vegetable forms have been study of animals and plants under domestication than Buffon, Dr. Darwin, "Nature changes a plant or animal''s surroundings gradually--man Nevertheless, the use of the word "means" here enables Mr. Darwin to speak of Natural Selection as if it were an active cause id = 33137 author = Chapin, James Paul title = Descriptions of Three New Birds from the Belgian Congo Bulletin of the AMNH , Vol. XXXIV, Art. XVI, pp. 509-513, Oct. 20th, 1915 date = keywords = Expedition; VOL summary = Expedition of the American Museum of Natural History during the years mouse-gray with darker edges, flanks and under tail-coverts black _Description of Adult Male_ (type).--Throat, upper breast, lores tail-coverts bright scarlet-red; feathering of legs dusky, with lesser wing-coverts blackish, broadly margined with green; middle light scarlet-red on belly and under tail-coverts. Iris dark brown; maxilla dusky, but its base greenish-yellow like wing-coverts colored like the breast, but with faint dusky Upper tail-coverts fuscous-black, bordered with amber-yellow.[1] Collection in the American Museum of Natural History, from the xxi-xxiii, and 15 text figures. xxi-xxiii, and 15 text figures. xxiv-xxvi, and 51 text figures. xix-xxiii, and 117 text figures. vi-vii, and 60 text figures. xiii-xiv, and 82 text figures. _Jesup North Pacific Expedition, Vol. III._ i-viii (5 colored), and 19 text figures. xiv-xxv, and 3 text-figures. xi-xviii, text figures 1-45, 1913. xi-xviii, text figures 1-45, 1913. i-iii, and 16 text figures. id = 30297 author = Clemens, William Alvin title = Records of the Fossil Mammal Sinclairella, Family Apatemyidae, From the Chadronian and Orellan date = keywords = Colorado summary = Two fossils of Orellan age, found in northeastern Colorado _Sinclairella dakotensis_ Jepsen, part of a sample of a Chadronian New Jersey; RAM-UCR, Raymond Alf Museum, Webb School of descriptions of the type specimen are given in papers by Jepsen (1934) locality in Nebraska and fossils of Orellan age, also referable to _S. dakotensis_, have been collected at two localities in Colorado. _Description and comments._--The cusps of RAM-UCR no. 1. _Sinclairella dakotensis_ Jepsen, KU no. 1. _Sinclairella dakotensis_ Jepsen, KU no. P4 of the type specimen of _Sinclairella dakotensis_ different in size (table 1) or morphology of the cusps. 2. _Sinclairella dakotensis_ Jepsen, UCM no. right M2; Orellan, Weld County, Colorado; drawing by Mrs. Judith Hood: A small stylar cusp is present specimen from each of two Orellan fossil localities in northeastern of apatemyids described subsequently (note McKenna, 1960, figs. are discovered, the Orellan fossils described here are referred to id = 34579 author = Cockerell, Theodore D. A. (Theodore Dru Alison) title = Bees from British Guiana Bulletin of the AMNH, Vol. XXXVIII, Art. XX, pp. 685-690 date = keywords = Euglossa; Smith; black summary = 4. Hind margins of abdominal segments broadly black. _Euglossa decorata ruficauda_, new variety; female--K. _Euglossa decorata ruficauda_, new variety; male. Abdomen without black bands _Xylocopa fimbriala_ (Fabricius). Wasp-like bee, with fusiform abdomen, reddish wings and red red, the others black; female abdomen sharply pointed. Abdomen clear ferruginous; large robust bees 18. Hind legs with black hair _Centris personata_ Smith; male.--P. Hind legs with pale hair _Centris personata_ Smith; female.--P. with black hair; fourth and fifth abdominal segments purple Hair bands of abdomen broad; male with long antennæ and Hair bands of abdomen linear; integument of clypeus black. Thorax with ferruginous hair; integument of scutellum yellow. piliventris_ has long yellow hairs on the anterior margin of hind white hair; mesothorax and scutellum shining, but well punctured; base transversocubital; abdomen with thin pale hair, hind margins of segments small patch of fulvous hair on each side; apical part of abdomen id = 31046 author = Cockrum, E. Lendell title = A New Pocket Mouse (Genus Perognathus) from Kansas date = keywords = Kansas summary = UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS PUBLICATIONS, MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY subspecies revealed that the specimens from Kansas belong to a Nebraska, eastern Colorado, western Kansas, and western Oklahoma. =Perognathus flavus bunkeri=, new subspecies Hamilton County, Kansas; 1 July 1936; obtained by F. between Clay Color and Tawny-Olive; lateral line between follows: Averaging larger in all cranial measurements taken same, and in interparietal width, which is less; color more buffy, with fewer black hairs dorsally. f. piperi_ from 23 miles southwest of Newcastle, Weston f. bunkeri_ differs as follows: Smaller in frontonasal length, mastoidal breadth, and length of auditory bulla; color more buffy, with fewer black hairs measurements taken except interparietal width, which is _Remarks._--This is a brightly colored subspecies of _Perognathus Trego County, Kansas, are much brighter than other specimens from The five specimens from Greeley, Weld County, Colorado, are Mammals of the University of Kansas Museum of Natural History, gave to KANSAS:--_Cheyenne County_: 23 mi. id = 32679 author = Cockrum, E. Lendell title = Geographic Variation in Red-backed Mice (Genus Clethrionomys) of the Southern Rocky Mountain Region date = keywords = Clethrionomys; County summary = subspecies of the red-backed mouse in the southern Rocky Mountain +Clethrionomys gapperi galei+ (Merriam) _Clethrionomys gapperi galei_, Hall, Univ. _Type locality._--Ward, 9500 feet, Boulder County, Colorado. [Illustration: Map Geographic Range Clethrionomys gapperi] _Clethrionomys gapperi_ in the southern Rocky Mountains. subspecies on the basis of two specimens collected in the Black Hills County, South Dakota, under the name _Clethrionomys gapperi County, South Dakota (specimens in the University of Michigan In comparison with a series of 23 adult _Clethrionomys gapperi galei_ _Clethrionomys gapperi brevicaudus_, although isolated geographically specimens from Wyoming are in the University of Kansas Museum of _Evotomys gapperi galei_, Bailey, Proc. _Evotomys gapperi galei_, Bailey, Proc. specimens from Uinta County, Wyoming, listed below) and from Doutt''s ("Similar to _Clethrionomys gapperi galei_ from Ward, Colorado, but _Specimens examined._--Total, 8, all in the University of Kansas +Clethrionomys gapperi gauti+, new subspecies The specimen from Pecos Baldy, Pecos Mountain, San Miguel County, New +Clethrionomys gapperi arizonensis+, new subspecies id = 21271 author = Colmenero de Ledesma, Antonio title = Chocolate: or, An Indian Drinke By the wise and Moderate use whereof, Health is preserved, Sicknesse Diverted, and Cured, especially the Plague of the Guts; vulgarly called The New Disease date = keywords = Cacao; Chocolate; Confection; Indies; Sugar; ingredient summary = _Chocolate_, that not only in the _Indies_, where this kind of Drink _Cacao_, the divers parts, which Nature hath given it, doe is so hot and dry; but onely for one, who hath a very cold Liver. Confection_ is not so cold as the _Cacao_, nor so hot as the rest of cold and hot stomacks, being taken moderately, as shall be declared _Chocolate_, being dissolved with cold water, & the scumme taken off, another way to drink _Chocolate_, which is cold; and it takes its name from the principall Ingredient, and is called _Cacao_; which they use There is another way to drinke it cold, which is called _Cacao never so hot, yet the stomack being cold, it usually doth good. not onely say this of the _Chocolate_, which, as I have proved, hath a the qualities which do predominate in _Cacao_, are cold, and dry; id = 16487 author = Conn, H. W. (Herbert William) title = The Story of the Living Machine A Review of the Conclusions of Modern Biology in Regard to the Mechanism Which Controls the Phenomena of Living Activity date = keywords = FIG; Story; cell; chemical; energy; force; form; illustration; life; live; machine; protoplasm summary = of Nature''s power of building machines--The origin of the cell ==The Mechanical Nature of Living Organisms.==--This new attitude forced the powers of the living organism and the forces of heat and chemical forces, explain the activities taking place in the living organism? the body of the animal is formed out of these cells, and when it is or plant which produced it, begins to divide, as already shown in Fig. 8, and the many cells which arise from it eventually form the new The cell is simply a bit of protoplasm and is the unit of living matter. that the simplest living machine is the cell whose study must always The living machine has developed by natural processes, all animal and plant machines have been built up from the simple cell as the building during which this cell machine was built by certain natural machine upon whose activities all vital phenomena rest--the living cell. id = 7020 author = Cooper, Lane title = Louis Agassiz as a Teacher; illustrative extracts on his method of instruction date = keywords = Agassiz; Louis; Museum; Professor; fish; footnote; study; teacher; work summary = Agassiz to a beginner in natural science. contemplate the method of a teacher like Agassiz, whose mental comparison in the study of living forms, or of the way in which great the same way that Agassiz made Shaler study a fish, the work of God''s utterance of Agassiz when he said that a year or two of natural Teacher''] begins his simple will, Agassiz was likewise an investigator, Professor Wilder.]] The courses given by Agassiz on zoology and geology [Note by Professor Wilder.]] The method pursued by Agassiz with his Agassiz handled all specimens with the greatest care, and naturally of gaucherie, Agassiz said quietly: ''In Natural History it is not On my return, I learned that Professor Agassiz had been at the Museum, parts, Agassiz''s training in the method of observing facts and their ''Agassiz''s influence on methods of teaching in our community,'' said Holder, _Louis Agassiz, his Life and Works,_ 1893, pp. id = 8682 author = Cornish, C. J. (Charles John) title = The Naturalist on the Thames date = keywords = Bridge; Chiswick; England; House; Kew; London; Mr.; Oxford; Park; Richmond; Thames; Valley; bird; day; flower; illustration; large; like; old; plant; river; spring; time; water; wood; year summary = Thames chub, butterflies, eel-traps, fountains and springs, river shells river, what may we not expect in the upper waters of the silver Thames?[1] shells like small ammonites, fresh-water snail shells of all sizes, river the waters, the birds and fish and insects and flowers of the best of run below water, live on dry land, or fly in the air, and many are so Year''s Day. The big fish had wriggled up into the very shallowest water, The return of the birds, and especially of wild fowl, to the London river less than half a mile, on some ornamental water near the river, an even Water-cress growing is an increasing business in the Thames Valley, where or two of shallow water, and the fish at once left the river and crowded Thames to-day, but many more like those of a river in Borneo. id = 16442 author = Crampton, Henry Edward title = The Doctrine of Evolution: Its Basis and Its Scope date = keywords = Amoeba; Darwin; Hydra; New; Professor; University; animal; cell; evolution; fact; form; human; individual; life; like; natural; nature; order; organism; process; thing; time; way summary = classification and analysis, like the facts of the lower organic world. evolution--_the natural history of living things_--with which we are The various organs of living things are grouped so as to form the several like the tissues forming an organ, made up ultimately of human units, We have now learned that evolution means a common ancestry of living forms adaptive evolution, like that of countless structures in animals, has been fact that the organisms living on the various islands of this group differ If evolution takes place at all, any new kind of organism originating from organic nature be recognized, human evolution cannot be denied unless some The comparative study of the human organism as a structural type has now the products of natural evolution, and second, that the human mind differs natural laws which earlier produced the human type of organism. group of human individuals worked out by nature toward the present end of id = 8517 author = Cunningham, J. T. (Joseph Thomas) title = Hormones and Heredity A Discussion of the Evolution of Adaptations and the Evolution of Species date = keywords = Bateson; Morgan; Plaice; case; cell; character; chromosome; development; female; fish; flat; footnote; male; mammal; mendelian; sex; sexual summary = male sexual characters did not take place in castrated animals, but the origin of organs or characters confined to one sex, or secondary sexual developed usually an individual of one sex or the other, male or female, divisions the two sex-characters, maleness and femaleness, were segregated Influence Of Hormones On Development Of Somatic Sex-Characters different cases present a sex-limited development. It has long been known that the development of male sex-characters is development of the male characters, and suggest that such birds are really ovaries may lead to the development of male characters in the female, that characters, that the female sex-factor is wanting in the male. character in this case is linked to the female sex chromosome, or, cases the moth when developed showed the original characters of the sex to different sex-chromosomes occur in the female, not in the male as in other id = 30260 author = Dalquest, Walter Woelber title = A New Doglike Carnivore, Genus Cynarctus, From the Clarendonian, Pliocene, of Texas date = keywords = Cynarctus summary = UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS PUBLICATIONS UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS PUBLICATIONS, MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS A New Doglike Carnivore, Genus Cynarctus, A New Doglike Carnivore, Genus Cynarctus, =Cynarctus fortidens= new species _Holotype._--Right maxilla bearing P3, P4, and M1, No. 11353 _Referred material._--Fragment of right lower mandible bearing m2, No. 11354 KU (see fig. 2. _Cynarctus fortidens_, No. 11354 KU (Midwestern 2. _Cynarctus fortidens_, No. 11354 KU (Midwestern Lateral view of right lower mandible and m2 × 1 and cusp between protocone and paracone of fourth upper (see page 225 of Two New Fossil Dogs of the Genus Cynarctus fortidens_ differs in lacking, instead of having, an accessory cusp between the protocone and Possibly the lower jaw and upper jaw are from two species but Canidae instead of to the family Procyonidae have been stated The holotype of _Cynarctus crucidens_ is from Williams fortidens_.--P3-M1, length, id = 34295 author = Dalquest, Walter Woelber title = Tadarida femorosacca (Merriam) in Tamaulipas, Mexico date = keywords = KANSAS summary = Tadarida femorosacca (Merriam) in Tamaulipas, Mexico University of Kansas Publications UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS PUBLICATIONS, MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY Raymond Hall, Chairman, H. Volume 1, No. 13, pp. Volume 1, No. 13, pp. UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS Lawrence, Kansas Tadarida femorosacca (Merriam) In Tamaulipas, RAYMOND HALL RAYMOND HALL 1. Map showing localities of known occurrence of the pocketed free-tailed bat (_Tadarida femorosacca_).] On January 23, 1946, two pocketed free-tailed bats (_Tadarida cave 10 kilometers north-northeast of the village of Antiguo Morelos, in the state of Tamaulipas, Mexico. species to the Atlantic Slope and more than 300 miles to the northeast species was previously known (see Shamel, H. and the basal length (15.0, 15.2) are less than recorded by Shamel Otherwise our two specimens answer the description of _femorosacca_. bats but stimulated a volume of squeaking of bats which indicated that The cave had long been used by bats as attested by the large id = 34311 author = Dalquest, Walter Woelber title = Geographic Range of the Hooded Skunk, Mephitis macroura With Description of a New Subspecies from Mexico date = keywords = Mephitis summary = Geographic Range of the Hooded Skunk, Mephitis The hooded skunk, _Mephitis macroura_ Lichtenstein, can be distinguished Fauna, 20, 1901)." Of the species _Mephitis macroura_, Howell (_op. Oaxaca, in the vicinity of Piedras Negras in Veracruz, and in southern population at San Mateo del Mar on the Pacific slope of Oaxaca has westward of _Mephitis_; however, on this Pacific slope the humid belt is Four subspecies of _Mephitis macroura_ may be recognized. _Type locality._--Mountains northwest of the City of Mexico. #Mephitis macroura vittata# Lichtenstein across mastoid processes; tail long; body short. #Mephitis macroura eximius# new subspecies _Type._--Female, adult, skin with skull, No. 19272, Mus. Nat. _Range._--From the vicinity of the type locality on the arid _Diagnosis._--Size small (see measurements); tail long, ranging From _Mephitis macroura vittata_ of the tropical four subspecies of the species _Mephitis macroura_.] subspecies are continuous or that the geographic range of _M. id = 53582 author = Dalquest, Walter Woelber title = Mammals of Washington, Volume 2 University of Kansas Publications Museum of Natural History date = keywords = Amer; British; California; Cascades; Columbia; County; FIG; Lake; Merriam; Microtus; Mountains; Museum; Myotis; National; Oregon; Pacific; Proc; Racial; River; Rocky; Sorex; States; Type._--Obtained; United; Vashon; Washington; Wisconsin; illustration summary = Washington includes faunas ranging from the Upper Sonoran Life-zone to The Blue Mountains of southeastern Washington differ from other ranges of Washington, it is seen that the area occupied by the Rocky Mountain races possessing wide ranges in the lowlands of western Washington. Oregon and Washington (_townsendii_) probably occurred no farther north ranges in Washington, one, _oreas_, is a long-tailed form that seems not deglaciated land, the long-tailed mice of western Washington (_P. The ranges and distribution of the deer mice of eastern Washington are When more than one race of a species occurs in Washington, specimens the long-tailed shrews." In Washington, especially in the coastal area _Distribution._--Mountainous areas of northeastern Washington and eastern Washington but occurs in mountainous areas in northeastern _Distribution._--Western Washington west of the Cascade Mountains. 15, 1939 (type from Badger Mountains, Douglas County, Washington). _Distribution._--Western Washington and the Cascade Mountains, _Distribution._--Western Washington and the Cascade Mountains, id = 2009 author = Darwin, Charles title = The Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection Or, the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life, 6th Edition date = keywords = Africa; America; Archipelago; Australia; Dr.; Europe; Gartner; Hooker; Mivart; Mr.; New; North; Professor; Sir; South; States; United; Zealand; animal; case; character; european; form; glacial; natural; plant; selection; specie; variation; variety summary = facts as these, if we suppose that each species of animal and plant, or the individuals of any one species or variety in a state of nature. animals and plants, and compare them with closely allied species, we Variability--Individual differences--Doubtful species--Wide ranging, Variability--Individual differences--Doubtful species--Wide ranging, fact that if any animal or plant in a state of nature be highly useful selection; and in this case the individual differences given by nature, natural selection cannot do, is to modify the structure of one species, SPECIES are crossed the case is reversed, for a plant''s own pollen that as new species in the course of time are formed through natural the case in nature; species (A) being more nearly related to B, C, and Natural selection cannot possibly produce any modification in a species So with natural species, if we look to forms very distinct, for instance id = 2010 author = Darwin, Charles title = The Autobiography of Charles Darwin date = keywords = Beagle; Cambridge; England; Henslow; Journal; Lyell; Mr.; Society; man; time; year summary = and attended Mr. Case''s chapel, and my father as a little boy went there Once as a very little boy whilst at the day school, or before that time, insects with some little care, for when ten years old (1819) I went for Species.'' At this time I admired greatly the ''Zoonomia;'' but on reading interesting little discovery, and read, about the beginning of the year During these two years I also went a little into society, and acted as As I was not able to work all day at science, I read a good deal during into general society, and saw a good deal of several scientific men, and I worked steadily on this subject for the next eight years, and namely, that whenever a published fact, a new observation or thought my large books I spend a good deal of time over the general arrangement id = 2087 author = Darwin, Charles title = Life and Letters of Charles Darwin — Volume 1 date = keywords = America; April; Beagle; CHARLES; Cambridge; Captain; DARWIN; Dr.; England; Erasmus; Fitz; Fox; Geological; Geology; God; Henslow; Hooker; J.D.; Journal; July; June; London; Lyell; Mr.; Mrs.; Natural; October; Origin; Professor; Roy; September; Shrewsbury; Sir; Society; South; Species; Wallace; letter; think summary = was beautifully written, and my father [Dr. R.W. Darwin] declared that he believed it was published because his old letters to Fox, using words such as "my dear good old brother." In later As I was not able to work all day at science, I read a good deal during my large books I spend a good deal of time over the general arrangement After he read his paper, came his time for writing letters. And now for the time--I think I shall go for a few days to town to hear think there is time to write and receive an answer before I start, as I time you have received my letter written next day, and I hope will send the above letter, "Hooker by far best man to edit my species volume. of Natural History, and seen good specific men work out my species, and id = 2088 author = Darwin, Charles title = Life and Letters of Charles Darwin — Volume 2 date = keywords = ASA; Animals; April; Athenaeum; August; CHARLES; DARWIN; December; Descent; Dr.; Edinburgh; England; February; Gray; Hooker; Huxley; J.D.; January; Journal; July; June; London; Lyell; Man; March; Mr.; Murray; Natural; November; October; Origin; Professor; Review; Royal; Selection; September; Sir; Society; Species; Wallace; letter; plant summary = receive, my weariful book on species, I naturally believe it mainly for thirty years read, write, and think, on the subject of species AND I write to thank you for your work on the ''Origin of Species.'' It came, [In a letter to Sir Charles Lyell reference is made to Sedgwick''s review I am glad you had a pleasant day with Hooker (In a letter to Sir J.D. Hooker (December 1861), my father wrote: "I am very glad to hear that of good books, and thinking of what she reads. [The following letter refers to Fritz Muller''s book, ''Fur Darwin,'' which Dr. Gray''s criticism on this point is as follows: "But in Mr. Darwin''s parallel, to meet the case of nature according to his own view [In the "Times" of the following day appeared a letter headed "Mr. Darwin and Vivisection," signed by Miss Frances Power Cobbe. id = 22728 author = Darwin, Charles title = The Foundations of the Origin of Species Two Essays written in 1842 and 1844 date = keywords = America; Darwin; Essay; Europe; Galapagos; Letters; Life; Lyell; Origin; form; note; race; specie summary = THAT SPECIES ARE NATURALLY FORMED RACES, DESCENDED species be produced adapted by exquisite means to prey on one animal or authors probably breeds of dogs are another case of modified species selection on one species: even in case of a plant not capable of and in the case of plants from monstrous changes, that certain organs in species scarcely differ more than breeds of cattle, are probably ON THE VARIATION OF ORGANIC BEINGS IN A WILD STATE; ON THE NATURAL MEANS into a change from the natural conditions of the species [generally it, if species are only races produced by natural selection, that when organic beings in a state of nature; if changes of condition from selecting such individuals until a new race or species was formed. the number of different species on each island), a form transported from The races or new species supposed to be formed would be id = 22764 author = Darwin, Charles title = On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life. (2nd edition) date = keywords = America; Australia; Dr.; Europe; Mr.; New; North; Selection; South; States; United; Zealand; case; european; form; glacial; natural; nature; silurian; specie; variety summary = single species--On Extinction--On simultaneous changes in the forms of life Varieties from one or more Species--Domestic Pigeons, their Differences individuals of any one species or variety in a state of nature. and plants, and compare them with closely allied species, we generally closely allied natural species--for instance, of the many foxes--inhabiting to the many species of finches, or other large groups of birds, in nature. Variability--Individual differences--Doubtful species--Wide ranging, Variability--Individual differences--Doubtful species--Wide ranging, natural selection cannot do, is to modify the structure of one species, new species in the course of time are formed through natural selection, species, which are already extremely different in character, will generally case in nature; species (A) being more nearly related to B, C, and D, than selection, the extreme amount of difference in character between species large groups of species, has _differed_ considerably in closely-allied So with natural species, if we look to forms very distinct, for instance to id = 2300 author = Darwin, Charles title = The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex date = keywords = Africa; America; Animals; Australia; Birds; Blyth; Brehm; Domestication; Dr.; Europeans; Gould; India; Indians; Islands; Journal; Lepidoptera; Lubbock; Mr.; Nat; Natural; New; North; Proc; Prof.; Quadrumana; Review; Sir; Society; South; States; United; Variation; Wallace; Zoological; british; character; colour; female; fig; history; male; man; order; plant; sex; sexual summary = foregoing, the males and females of some animals differ in structures male differs greatly in colour from the female, as well as from the As the males and females of many animals differ somewhat in habits and The sexes do not generally differ much in colour, but the males are being widely different in the males and females of certain species, In most cases the males and females of distinct species that the males of some species differ widely in colour from the females, females; and yet, when the sexes differ, the males are almost always the the females in comparison with the males cannot be accounted for, as Mr. Wallace believes to be the case with birds, by the greater exposure of When the male differs in colour from the female, he generally exhibits differences of, with those of man; fighting of males for the females; id = 2354 author = Darwin, Charles title = Note on the Resemblances and Differences in the Structure and the Development of the Brain in Man and Apes date = keywords = Gratiolet; brain; man summary = AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE BRAIN IN MAN AND APES in the structure of the brain in man and the apes, which arose some developed in apes'' as in human brains, or even better; and that it is gyri which appear upon the surface of the cerebral hemispheres in man brains of man, the orang, the chimpanzee, the gorilla, in spite of all characters, between the ape''s brain and man''s: nor any as to the the external perpendicular fissure of Gratiolet, in the human brain for chimpanzee''s brains resemble man''s, but in which they differ from the difference in the development of the brains of apes and that of the appearance of the sulci and gyri in the foetal human brain is in the posterior sulci appear before the anterior, in the brains of the temporal or frontal sulci, appear, the foetal brain of man presents id = 2739 author = Darwin, Charles title = More Letters of Charles Darwin — Volume 1 A Record of His Work in a Series of Hitherto Unpublished Letters date = keywords = America; April; Arctic; Australia; British; Charles; Darwin; December; Dr.; Edition; Europe; February; Forbes; Gray; Hooker; Huxley; J.D.; January; Journal; July; LETTER; London; Lyell; Man; March; Mr.; Natural; New; November; October; Origin; Owen; Review; Selection; Sir; Society; Species; T.H.; Zealand; glacial; life; volume summary = Joseph Hooker, who has most generously given the original letters to Mr. Darwin''s family. February 4th: Began work on Man. February 10th: New edition of "Variation under Domestication." Read Natural History." See "Life and Letters," II., page 31.) I feel sure I be noted that these pages were written before the appearance of Mr. Darwin''s book on ''The Origin of Species''--a work which has effected a of such cases, says ("On the Nature of Limbs," pages 39, 40), ''I think "Review of Darwin''s Theory on the Origin of Species by means of Natural A passage from Agassiz''s review is given by Mr. Huxley in Darwin''s "Life and Letters," II., page 184.), but I hope to "Man''s Place in Nature," page 110, note, Huxley remarks: "Surely it is in "Life and Letters," Volume II., page 25, but not, we think in the id = 2740 author = Darwin, Charles title = More Letters of Charles Darwin — Volume 2 A Record of His Work in a Series of Hitherto Unpublished Letters date = keywords = America; April; Association; British; Charles; Darwin; Descent; Dr.; Edinburgh; Edition; England; February; Flora; Geological; Geology; Glen; Gray; Hooker; Huxley; Islands; J.D.; Journal; LETTER; Life; London; Lord; Lyell; Man; March; Mr.; Muller; Natural; New; November; October; Origin; Prof.; Professor; Roy; Royal; Scott; Selection; September; Sir; Society; South; Volume; Wallace; plant summary = This letter is in reply to Mr. Darwin''s criticisms on Mr. Wallace''s "Island Life," 1880.) "Animals and Plants," Edition II., Volume I., page 306.) I am very glad (page 14), he published a letter to Mr. Darwin in which he speaks of the The pages refer to Darwin''s "Geological Observations on the "Origin," Edition V., 1869, page 451, Darwin discusses Croll''s theory, page 178, 1880) Mackintosh mentions a letter received from Darwin, "who It is an interesting fact that Darwin''s work on climbing plants and Letters," III., page 279.) Judging from a long review in the "Bot. Zeitung", and from what I know of some the plants, I believe Delpino''s Plants," Volume I., page 348, Darwin added, with respect to the rarity The following five letters refer to Darwin''s work on "bloom"--a 1887; see also Darwin''s "Life and Letters," I., pages 355, 356, 362, 363.) id = 28897 author = Darwin, Charles title = The Variation of Animals and Plants Under Domestication, Volume II (of 2) date = keywords = America; Chronicle; Columba; Dr.; England; Europe; France; Gallus; Gardener; Gardens; Gärtner; India; Journal; Mr.; Nat; North; Paraguay; Poultry; Prof.; Sir; South; St.; Zoological; animal; breed; case; change; chapter; character; cross; english; european; flower; plant; race; selection; specie; variability; variation; variety summary = ANIMALS AND PLANTS--REVERSION IN CROSSED VARIETIES AND SPECIES--REVERSION INDIVIDUAL ANIMALS--STERILITY OF PLANTS FROM CHANGED CONDITIONS OF DIFFERENCE IN FERTILITY BETWEEN CROSSED SPECIES AND VARIETIES--CONCLUSIONS SELECTION--INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT BREEDERS ON THE SAME SUB-VARIETY--PLANTS varieties have probably in some cases run wild, and their crossing alone when they crossed certain breeds, pigeons coloured like the wild _C. distinct evidence that the crossing of differently-coloured varieties well with the converse case of domesticated animals and cultivated plants When fowls, pigeons, or cattle of different colours are crossed, cases, in which the breed has not been crossed, but some ancient character species (and conversely with the white-flowered variety), when crossed crossing of the differently coloured varieties of the same species, is PLANTS--STERILITY OF CROSSED SPECIES DUE TO DIFFERENCES CONFINED TO THE In some few cases varieties tend to keep distinct, by breeding at different plants crossed species should have been rendered sterile by a different id = 31558 author = Darwin, Charles title = A Monograph on the Sub-class Cirripedia (Volume 1 of 2) The Lepadidae; Or, Pedunculated Cirripedes date = keywords = Appendages; Carina; Cirripede; Conchoderma; Cumingii; Ibla; Leach; Lepadidæ; Lepas; Lithotrya; Maxillæ; Mr.; Peduncle; Pollicipes; Scalpellum summary = internal basal rim; upper angle little acuminated; the occludent margins _Peduncle_, generally about as long as the capitulum; in young specimens specimens, having a capitulum only half an inch long, the upper pair of lateral marginal spines on the posterior cirri rather long; caudal Valves 5; carina with the basal end produced into a small imbedded disc; Spines on the upper segments of the posterior cirri, arranged in three lateral marginal spines unusually large and long, so as to form, with valve; the basal segment is about half as long and narrower than the specimen, was 2/10ths of an inch in length; peduncle narrow, close under _Capitulum_ formed of 13 valves; namely, two scuta, two terga, a carina hinder margin; end segment, with two long spines on the upper _exterior_ hinder margin; end segment, with two long spines on the upper _inner_ row of short spines round the upper edge of each segment, with a little, id = 3704 author = Darwin, Charles title = Journal of Researches into the Natural History and Geology of the Countries Visited During the Voyage Round the World of H.M.S. Beagle Under the Command of Captain Fitz Roy, R.N. date = keywords = Africa; America; Andes; Archipelago; Australia; Ayres; Bahia; Beagle; Blanca; Brazil; Buenos; CHAPTER; Cape; Captain; Chile; Cordillera; Dr.; England; English; Europe; Fitz; Fuegians; Fuego; Galapagos; Gauchos; Indians; Island; Mr.; Negro; New; North; PLATE; Pacific; Pampas; Patagonia; Port; Rio; Roy; San; South; St.; Tierra; great summary = different islands--Tameness of the birds--Fear of man an passed through great bands of muddy water, exactly like that of a the land, I have seen narrow lines of water of a bright red colour, mile, and was like the rushing of a great body of water. water like a great shoal of some amphibious animal. of the country, or to the numbers of large animals inhabiting it. rhea inhabits the country of La Plata as far as a little south of little remaining water nearly as salt as that of the sea. great numbers of birds, wild animals, cattle, and horses perished In deep water, far from the land, the number of living creatures is distance be ever so great, to be deposited near the sea-coast. near Port Pleasant, they appeared from a long distance like black rock from low-water mark to a great depth, both on the outer coast id = 38629 author = Darwin, Charles title = Charles Darwin: His Life Told in an Autobiographical Chapter, and in a Selected Series of His Published Letters date = keywords = April; Beagle; Cambridge; Charles; Darwin; Dr.; England; God; Gray; Henslow; Hooker; Huxley; Journal; July; London; Lyell; Man; Mr.; Natural; November; October; Origin; Professor; Review; Roy; September; Shrewsbury; Sir; Society; Species; Wallace summary = By the time I went to this day-school[6] my taste for natural history, As I was not able to work all day at science, I read a good deal during my large books I spend a good deal of time over the general arrangement After he had read his paper, came his time for writing letters. study in which my father worked during the later years of his life, were thirty years read, write, and think, on the subject of species _and the above letter, "Hooker by far best man to edit my species volume. Natural History, and seen good specific men work out my species, and MY DEAR DARWIN,--I write to thank you for your work on the _Origin of work has led the present writer to believe that the _Origin of Species_ In the _Times_ of the following day appeared a letter headed "Mr. Darwin id = 944 author = Darwin, Charles title = The Voyage of the Beagle date = keywords = Africa; America; Andes; Ayres; Bahia; Beagle; Blanca; Buenos; Cape; Captain; Chile; Cordillera; England; English; Europe; Fitz; Fuegians; Fuego; Gauchos; Indians; Islands; Jemmy; Mr.; Negro; New; North; Pacific; Pampas; Patagonia; Plata; Port; Rio; Rosas; Roy; South; St.; Tierra; great; spanish; water summary = action stand either near sea-coasts or as islands in the midst of the Near Keeling Atoll, in the Indian Ocean, I observed many little masses colour of the water, as seen at some distance, was like that of a river land, I have seen narrow lines of water of a bright red colour, from mud-like water; these strips were some miles long, but only a few yards above the water like a great shoal of some amphibious animal. soon as the bird is seen flying, its whole appearance changes; the long little boy, riding like a Mazeppa on the white horse, thus leaving far Very great numbers of birds, wild animals, In deep water, far from the land, the number of living creatures is appeared from a long distance like black spots, whilst south of great shock took place at the time of low water; and an old woman who id = 34787 author = Deacon, James E. title = Fish Populations, Following a Drought, in the Neosho and Marais des Cygnes Rivers of Kansas date = keywords = Cygnes; June; Kansas; Marais; Neosho; River; table summary = Marais des Cygnes rivers in Kansas to readjust to continuous stream-flow abundance of each species at all stations except the upper Neosho Tables 12-16 list all fish obtained at the upper Neosho station by means The long-nosed gar was abundant at the lower and middle Neosho stations long-nosed gar was not taken at the upper Neosho station. The size-distribution of individuals taken at the middle Neosho station the Neosho, abundant at the upper station on the Marais des Cygnes in Young-of-the-year were taken at the lower Neosho station on 24 June, upper Neosho station the species was fourth in abundance in 1957, and fish still were abundant on riffles at the lower Neosho station; on that stations on the Neosho River, this fish was more abundant in 1957 than Young-of-the-year were taken at the lower Neosho station on 1 July, 1959 Several species found in the upper Neosho River also occur in the area id = 21019 author = Dennert, Eberhard title = At the Deathbed of Darwinism: A Series of Papers date = keywords = Darwinism; Descent; Eimer; Fleischmann; Haeckel; Professor; Romanes; Schmidt; Wagner; Wigand; darwinian; development; fact; theory summary = CHAPTER V.--Eimer''s Theory of Organic Growth--Definite Lines of Development--Rejects Darwin''s Theory of Fluctuating Development Certainly Untenable"--"Darwin''s Theory of the Darwinian theory of natural selection as is the "struggle for that time Darwinism was the only doctrine of Descent which could claim scientific theory of organic structural processes, we must separate the the theory of selection, nor, consequently with Darwinism. Darwin''s principal work, _The Origin of Species_, appeared) to the the theory of Descent and especially for Darwinism. Lamarck''s theory of the use and disuse of organs and Darwin''s Experimental proof is naturally of vital importance for Eimer''s theory. Darwinism to entirely different theories of Descent. according to Darwin pervades the complex course of natural selection. by Darwin, that the development of species may be explained by a animal forms general laws of the development of the organized On the other hand, Darwinism, i.e., the theory of Natural Selection by id = 37753 author = Dice, Lee R. (Lee Raymond) title = Notes on the Mammals of Gogebic and Ontonagon Counties, Michigan, 1920 Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology, Number 109 date = keywords = Cisco; Girl; Gogebic; Lake; Region summary = _Beach habitat:_ The shore of Lake Superior at Little Girl''s Point is _Tall-sedge habitat:_ In the beaver meadow studied near Gogebic Lake, near Gogebic Lake extensive arbor-vitae swamps are reported to occur. _Wet hardwood forest habitat:_ The land adjoining much of Gogebic Lake in the wet hardwood forests near Gogebic Lake, bob-tailed shrews being ground studied near Gogebic Lake, a number of alders and paper birches, In the Cisco Lake Region in July, one was taken in a small black spruce Near Gogebic Lake, Ontonagon County, one was taken September 4 in a Little Girl''s Point district, 10; and near Gogebic Lake in Ontonagon spruce-tamarack bog was taken near Gogebic Lake in a boggy swamp, In the wet hardwood forest near Gogebic Lake Blarina runways are hemlock forest near the lake shore; and one was seen in wet hardwood Lake Gogebic; and only a few were seen near Little Girl''s Point. id = 38959 author = Douglas, Charles L. title = Comparative Ecology of Pinyon Mice and Deer Mice in Mesa Verde National Park, Colorado date = keywords = Artemisia; August; Colorado; Mesa; Park; Peromyscus; Verde; View; table; truei summary = TABLE 1--Major Trapping Localities in Mesa Verde National Park, Table 3 shows estimations of the home ranges of males and females of young male with an estimated home range of 133,333 square feet. The largest home range for adult males of either species was number average of 151.66 feet (n = 24); young males of this species traveled an individuals probably had home ranges in the study area, whereas those Males and females of both species of _Peromyscus_ appeared to be highly species of plants in the ground cover of the trapping grid south species of plants in the ground cover of the trapping grid south This female later ran to a juniper log 30 feet north of station N4d. mice of both species were fed plants indigenous to Mesa Verde. TABLE 12--Food and Water Consumed by Young Mice in Litters, After Since young mice of both species require no more water per gram id = 31221 author = Duellman, William Edward title = The Genera of Phyllomedusine Frogs (Anura: Hylidae) date = keywords = Agalychnis; Cope; Phyllomedusa summary = hylid frogs is composed of a group of 40 species placed in the genus some South American species and on evidence from the literature on those Phyllomedusidae Günther 1859 [Type genus, _Phyllomedusa_ Wagler, _Definition._--Moderately small to large hylids having vertical pupils, _Agalychnis_ Cope, 1864 [Type species, _Hyla moreletii_ Duméril, 1853, Type species, _Agalychnis dacnicolor_ Cope, 1864. _Phyllomedusa_ Wagler, 1830 [Type species, _Rana bicolor_ Boddaert, _Pithecopus_ Cope, 1866 [Type species, _Phyllomedusa azurea_ Cope, 1862 _Remarks._--_Phyllomedusa_ includes 1) a series of large species 2) a series of small species having grasping feet (_ayeaye_, Noble (1931) considered the species of _Phyllomedusa_ having opposable small, highly specialized species of _Phyllomedusa_ (Lutz, 1966). species of _Agalychnis_ are more arboreal in their habits than are other species of _Phyllomedusa_ the diversity of arboreal hylids is much arboreal in their habits as are the species of _Agalychnis_ in Central life histories of the other species of _Phyllomedusa_ should aid in the id = 31334 author = Duellman, William Edward title = Descriptions of Two Species of Frogs, Genus Ptychohyla Studies of American Hylid Frogs, V date = keywords = Ptychohyla summary = Descriptions of Two Species of Frogs, Genus Ptychohyla Studies of Taylor (1944) proposed the generic name _Ptychohyla_ for a new species defined the genus as having large ventrolateral glands and horny males have large ventrolateral glands, but the two groups are easily species is characterized by horny nuptial spines in breeding males, this group belong _Ptychohyla schmidtorum_ and the two species anal opening; small tubercles ventral and lateral to these. The paratype is an adult male, having a snout-vent length of _Comparisons_: Both _Ptychohyla schmidtorum_ and the species flash-colors and in having a white spot below the eye. new species of _Ptychohyla_ was discovered by Dale L. ~_Ptychohyla chamulae_~ new species _Description of Holotype._--Adult male having snout-vent _Description of Holotype._--Adult male having snout-vent mm.; head width/snout-vent length, 30.9 per cent; diameter mm.; head width/snout-vent length, 30.9 per cent; diameter eye; no tarsal fold; inner metatarsal tubercle large, flat, id = 32653 author = Duellman, William Edward title = A Review of the Frogs of the Hyla bistincta Group date = keywords = Hyla; June; Taylor summary = The five species comprising the _Hyla bistincta_ group are Frogs of the genus _Plectrohyla_ closely resemble species in the _Hyla IN THE SPECIES OF THE HYLA BISTINCTA GROUP. _Hyla bistincta_ differs from other members of the group in having Key to the Species of the _Hyla bistincta_ Group Key to the Species of the _Hyla bistincta_ Group nuptial spines on thumb small; thoracic fold absent; anal opening at moderately large, round; supernumerary tubercles small, in single rows _Hyla bistincta_ is found only along streams, where individuals can be having a round snout and brown dorsum, and _Hyla taeniopus_ is much type locality on June 8, 1960, have snout-vent lengths of 22.4 to surfaces of limbs pale brown; webbing on feet gray; small white spots crassa_ might be the same species as _Hyla robustofemora_ Taylor. Members of the _Hyla bistincta_ group inhabit mountain streams. Members of the _Hyla bistincta_ group and the species of _Plectrohyla_ id = 33508 author = Duellman, William Edward title = A New Subspecies of Lizard, Cnemidophorus sacki, from Michoacán, México date = keywords = Cnemidophorus; UMMZ summary = specimens of _Cnemidophorus_ from the Tepalcatepec Valley show the Zweifel, I propose that the subspecies of _Cnemidophorus sacki_ in the +Cnemidophorus sacki zweifeli+ new subspecies dorsal color-pattern in adult males consisting of lateral and of cream-colored spots in place of a lateral stripe, and another row in place of dorsolateral stripe; dorsally, large diffuse tan or light two-thirds of body dark blue having light blue or cream-colored spots. pattern in _Cnemidophorus sacki zweifeli_ results in the dorsal snout-vent length) the paravertebral stripes pattern in _Cnemidophorus sacki zweifeli_: A--hatchling, 34 mm. snout-vent length; D--small adult male, snout-vent length; E--large adult male, 120 mm. the eastern series; the subadults and small adult males have color Tepalcatepec Valley with _Cnemidophorus sacki zweifeli_. in adult males of dark brown cross-bars on a tan ground-color. _Ecology._--In the arid Tepalcatepec Valley _Cnemidophorus sacki _Cnemidophorus sacki occidentalis_, 22 specimens, as follows: _Cnemidophorus sacki zweifeli_, 207 specimens, as follows: _Michoacán_: id = 33543 author = Duellman, William Edward title = The Amphibians and Reptiles of Michoacán, México date = keywords = Balsas; Coalcomán; Colima; Cordillera; Mexican; Michoacán; México; Plateau; Río; San; Sierra; Smith; Taylor; Tepalcatepec; UMMZ; Valley; Volcánica summary = Taylor and Smith (1945:530) presented data on 137 specimens collected at specimens mostly collected in the last century; Smith and Taylor B.--41 specimens: Dorsum pale tan or cream-color with brown mottling on Fourteen specimens from the pine-oak forests around Dos Aguas (UMMZ In Michoacán this species has been collected in arid tropical scrub The one specimen of this species from Michoacán was collected by Edward The few specimens of this species from Michoacán show a wide range of specimens have been collected in arid scrub forest at elevations of less specimens from Michoacán are from arid scrub forest at elevations of The few specimens of this species from Michoacán have been collected at Apatzingán, Michoacán, México, by Smith and Taylor into Colima; specimens from Michoacán were collected in arid scrub Smith and Taylor (1948:93-4) listed specimens of this species from Smith and Taylor (1950b:168) Listed this species: "_Michoacán_: No id = 33967 author = Duellman, William Edward title = Descriptions of New Hylid Frogs From Mexico and Central America date = keywords = Hyla; México; length summary = bronze-color, flanks and anterior and posterior surfaces of thighs dark flanks and thighs, a white labial stripe, and a large yellow spot on the of longest toe) 11.7 mm., 42.9 per cent of snout-vent length; head of longest toe) 11.7 mm., 42.9 per cent of snout-vent length; head white with brown spots; anterior and posterior surfaces of thighs dull white with dark brown spots; anterior surfaces of thighs creamy white anterior surfaces of thighs bright creamy yellow with dark brown yellow flanks and anterior surfaces of thighs with brown or black spots the thigh extend onto the ventral surface; in these specimens brown _Description of holotype._--Adult male having a snout-vent length of _Description of holotype._--Adult male having a snout-vent length of _Description of holotype._--Adult male having a snout-vent length of _Description of holotype._--Adult male having a snout-vent length of _Description of holotype._--Adult male having a snout-vent length of id = 34604 author = Duellman, William Edward title = Middle American Frogs of the Hyla microcephala Group date = keywords = America; Hyla; Rica; UMMZ; USC summary = The small yellow tree frogs, _Hyla microcephala_ and its relatives, of Middle American frogs that we place in the _Hyla microcephala_ distinguishing the species of the _Hyla microcephala_ group from one the _Hyla microcephala_ group includes the lowlands of southern México Costa Rica northward to México are assigned to _Hyla microcephala As noted by Rivero (1961:135), _Hyla microcephala_ seems to be closely _Hyla microcephala martini_ Smith, Herpetologica, 7:187, December _Hyla microcephala underwoodi_, Smith, Herpetologica, 7:188, Table 2.--Variation in Color Pattern in Hyla microcephala underwoodi subspecies distinct from the Costa Rican _Hyla microcephala _Hyla microcephala sartori_ Smith, Herpetologica, 7:186, The frogs of the _Hyla microcephala_ group have a minimal amount Table 4.--Comparative Cranial Osteology of Hyla microcephala Group normal primary notes in the _Hyla microcephala_ group. The frogs of the _Hyla microcephala_ group breed in shallow grassy the species in the _Hyla microcephala_ group. _Hyla microcephala_ and _phlebodes_ range into northern South America. id = 34954 author = Duellman, William Edward title = Systematic Status of the Colubrid Snake, Leptodeira discolor Günther date = keywords = Günther; Leptodeira; Tantalophis summary = UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS PUBLICATIONS, MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY had seen no specimens of _Leptodeira discolor_, a species described by the relationships of the many genera of colubrid snakes, I propose the Kansas Sci. Bull., vol. _Type Species._--_Leptodeira discolor_ Günther, Proc. enlarged maxillary teeth lacking grooves; small parotid gland; elliptical pupils; two apical pits; smooth scales; normal colubrid _Tantalophis discolor_ (Günther) New comb. (University of Kansas Museum of Natural History No. 40143). _Scutellation._--Head shields normal; upper labials 7-7 (third and _Tantalophis discolor_ (Günther). _Tantalophis discolor_ (Günther). Lateral view of the head of _Tantalophis colubrid snakes as a guide permits the taxonomist to group _Tantalophis_ scale pits and nature of the hemipenis is not clear, these characters relationships of _Tantalophis_ to other colubrid snakes. genera _Tantalophis_ approaches _Leimadophis_ in general physiognomy; defining supergeneric groups of colubrid snakes, _Tantalophis_ may have 1958 A monographic study of the colubrid snake genus _Leptodeira_. Kansas Sci. Bull., 25:315-355, pls. id = 35413 author = Duellman, William Edward title = A Review of the Middle American Tree Frogs of the Genus Ptychohyla date = keywords = Guatemala; Hyla; México; Ptychohyla; UMMZ summary = HAND.--The species in the _Ptychohyla euthysanota_ group have a In the other species of the _Ptychohyla euthysanota_ group the spines The species in the _Ptychohyla schmidtorum_ group have no web between TABLE 1.--VARIATION IN CERTAIN CHARACTERS IN THE SPECIES OF PTYCHOHYLA. of the _Ptychohyla euthysanota_ group; the species, arranged from Lips of tadpoles of the _Ptychohyla euthysanota_ group (Fig. 6 A-D) Breeding calls of all species and subspecies of _Ptychohyla_ were the _Ptychohyla euthysanota_ group consists of a single long note, whereas the call of species in the _Ptychohyla schmidtorum_ group flecks; webbing of feet brown; faint creamy white stripe along lateral _Ptychohyla_ for hylids having ventrolateral glands in breeding males, species, has shown that _Hyla macrotympanum_ is a _Ptychohyla_. with _Ptychohyla chamulae_ are _Hyla chaneque_, a large species having At Finca La Paz, Guatemala, tadpoles of two species of _Ptychohyla_ Descriptions of two species of frogs, genus Ptychohyla. id = 37823 author = Duellman, William Edward title = Neotropical Hylid Frogs, Genus Smilisca date = keywords = AMNH; America; Costa; Hyla; México; Rica; Río; San; Smilisca; UIMNH; UMMZ; USC; USNM summary = 1865 [Type species _Smilisca daulinia_ Cope, 1865 = _Hyla baudini_ The ground color of _Smilisca baudini_ is pale green to brown dorsally specimen (UIMNH 25046) is a small female (snout-vent length, 44 mm.) of anterior and posterior surfaces of thighs dark brown with small The dorsal ground color of _Smilisca cyanosticta_ is pale green to tan posterior edge of the body is dark brown instead of pale cream-color. Costa Rica and western Panamá, where most breeding males have snout-vent The dorsal ground color of _Smilisca phaeota_ is pale green to tan; the mid-length of tail; dorsal part of body pale brown; ventral surfaces The dorsal ground-color of _Smilisca sordida_ is gray to pale tan or The breeding calls of the six species of _Smilisca_ are alike in their consecutive calls by one individual frog was noted in all species. We have not found tadpoles of two species of _Smilisca_ in the same body id = 38398 author = Duellman, William Edward title = Amphibians and Reptiles of the Rainforests of Southern El Petén, Guatemala date = keywords = Chinajá; Guatemala; NNW; Petén; Río; Toocog; Verapaz summary = Knox Jones, Jr. and I flew into El Petén to collect and study mammals, reptiles, and In the rainforests of southern El Petén there are six species of the rainforests of southern El Petén, 42 per cent of the species spend species of amphibians and reptiles in southern El Petén, seven are Bush inhabitants include several species of lizards and snakes, all of Tree-trunk inhabitants include five species of lizards. One specimen is a female having a snout-vent length of 80 mm., a tail This small tree frog congregated in large numbers at a forest pond at The specimen from Chinajá was calling from a small bush at the edge of a This small tree frog was calling from herbs in a pond in the forest on Two specimens were obtained from dense forest at Chinajá. This snake was found on the forest floor by day; it is a male having 130 id = 38440 author = Duellman, William Edward title = A Distributional Study of the Amphibians of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, México date = keywords = Carranza; Gulf; Hyla; Isthmus; Jesús; Mexico; Oaxaca; Pacific; Río; San; Tehuantepec; Veracruz summary = A Distributional Study of the Amphibians of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, Isthmus of Tehuantepec; all specimens are now in the Museum of Zoology rainforest, arid tropical scrub forest, and savanna. forest types is continuous across the Isthmus of Tehuantepec. large town on the Plains of Tehuantepec; scrub forest [61]. from the isthmus, 28 occur on the Gulf lowlands and live in forest or environments in the isthmus--rainforest, semi-arid scrub forest, and The arboreal species in the scrub forest include _Hyla Six species that cross the isthmus live on the humid Gulf lowlands and This species inhabits the scrub forests of the Pacific coastal plain In the isthmus this species is known only from the humid forests of the these species occur only in the scrub forests or savannas on the Gulf The amphibian fauna of the lowlands of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec The amphibian fauna of the lowlands of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec id = 34340 author = Durrant, Stephen David title = Three New Beavers from Utah date = keywords = Castor summary = ~Castor canadensis pallidus~ new subspecies shorter and wider (breadth of nasals averages 54 per cent of length of Skull: Narrower; nasals shorter and wider (breadth of nasals Smaller, narrower; nasals shorter and wider (breadth of nasals averages shorter; zygomatic breadth relative to basilar length less; mastoid shorter; zygomatic breadth relative to basilar length less; mastoid c. pallidus_ differs as follows: Size smaller; tail and hind foot c. pallidus_ differs as follows: Size smaller; tail and hind foot ~Castor canadensis rostralis~ new subspecies Salt Lake County, Utah; October 13, 1947; collected by Harold S. _Castor canadensis duchesnei_, from which the former subspecies differs _Range._--Drainage of the Duchesne and White rivers in Utah and From one specimen of _Castor canadensis concisor_, from Trappers Lake, From one specimen of _Castor canadensis concisor_, from Trappers Lake, From one specimen of _Castor canadensis concisor_, from Trappers Lake, Skull: Basilar length less; mastoid breadth greater; nasals shorter and id = 39164 author = Durrant, Stephen David title = The Pocket Gophers (Genus Thomomys) of Utah University of Kansas Publications, Museum of Natural History, Vol. 1 No. 1 date = keywords = County; Mountains; Thomomys; Utah summary = bottae_ and _Thomomys talpoides_, now applicable to gophers in Utah, _talpoides_ in Utah by lighter color, narrow, slender, "graceful" skull _Thomomys talpoides uinta_ as follows: Size larger in every measurement _Thomomys talpoides oquirrhensis_ as follows: Size larger; tail longer; Mountains, in Utah, Salt Lake and Tooele counties. Mountains, 10,000 ft., Summit County, Utah; June 6, 1890; collected by _Thomomys talpoides pygmaeus_, _ocius_ differs as follows: Size larger topotypes of _Thomomys talpoides uinta_ as follows: Size slightly topotypes of _Thomomys talpoides ocius_ as follows: Size larger Skull: Larger; zygomatic arches more widely spreading; nasals longer; _Range._--Skull Valley, Tooele County, Utah. Garrison, Millard County, Utah, _robustus_ differs in: Size smaller; University of Utah; Antelope Island, Great Salt Lake, Davis County, _Range._--Stansbury Mountains, Tooele County, Utah. of _Thomomys bottae aureiventris_ by: Size smaller; tail and hind foot Utah, in color, but much larger and skull widely different. Valley, 8,300 ft., Washington County, Utah; April 10, 1909; collected id = 31050 author = Eaton, Theodore H. (Theodore Hildreth) title = A New Order of Fishlike Amphibia From the Pennsylvanian of Kansas date = keywords = Hesperoherpeton; Peabody summary = surface probably fitted on a lateral process extending from the roof of The posterior edge is slightly concave and in part forms the anterior nasal and maxillary, and extends to the anterior edge of the orbit. lateral view, showing relatively large orbit and absence of smaller The dorsal margin of the orbit appears to be formed by the frontal. distance of 0.5 mm., the anterior edge bordering the frontal bone and posterior edge of the orbital fenestra, which opens ventrally, is 10.0 Probably the whole posterior surface of the braincase A, occipital view of skull; B, basioccipital bone in dorsal view of incomplete vertebra, probably near anterior end of column. Neural arch and intercentrum in end view, showing probable association. The shape, in end view, of a partly preserved neural arch (Fig. 7 A) posterior edge near the distal end, probably homologous with (1) the id = 37350 author = Eaton, Theodore H. (Theodore Hildreth) title = The Ancestry of Modern Amphibia: A Review of the Evidence date = keywords = Amphibia; Anura; Ascaphus; Fig; Protobatrachus; Urodela summary = The skull in both orders has lost a number of primitive dermal bones in the separation of that order from any possible common stem with Urodela, vertebrae to relate a particular modern order (for example, Urodela) to limbs of salamanders show patterns of cartilage elements that he would either salamanders or frogs, but a reduction of the stapes comparable to Development of the vertebrae and ribs of Recent Amphibia has been The centrum in Anura (Fig. 5) is formed in the perichordal sheath Ribs, present as separate cartilages associated with the 2nd, hypochord shown in MacBride''s diagram (Fig. 5, upper right) of a frog In Urodela (Fig. 6) the pattern of vertebral and rib development is more development seems to be separate from both the vertebra and the rib, and reduction of the rib-bearer in other tetrapods (frogs and amniotes) the evidence of ventral, rather than dorsal, ribs in early Amphibia, and id = 33560 author = Echols, Joan title = A New Genus of Pennsylvanian Fish (Crossopterygii, Coelacanthiformes) from Kansas date = keywords = Hibbard; Rhabdoderma; Synaptotylus summary = Diplocercinae include those coelacanths having two large unpaired bones posterior occipital ossifications (Moy-Thomas, 1937: figs. ventral surface of parasphenoid toothed; anterior margin of parasphenoid curving to fit lateral margin of intertemporals; circumorbital plates position); small, lateral basipterygoid processes (in _Rhabdoderma_ the lateral surface, not dorsal as in _Rhabdoderma_, and both the Posterior to this the lateral margins are probably nearly lateral margins are nearly straight, the anterior margin slopes evenly Lateral margins are smoothly curved but the anterior passes down the curving ventral margin of this bone, and extends ridge on several specimens, arising on the dorsal surface opposite the The anterior process has a convex surface, sloping evenly off to the base, measured in isolated specimens because lateral views in other _Rhabdoderma_ and the internal surface is not ridged (see Moy-Thomas, These may be basal plates of the anterior dorsal fin. A new genus of Pennsylvanian coelacanths, _Synaptotylus_, is described id = 40249 author = Egerton-Warburton, Geoffrey title = In a Cheshire Garden: Natural History Notes date = keywords = April; August; Cheshire; July; June; bird; day; fly; garden; time; year summary = photographs of The Old Church, The Yew-tree, and The Flower Garden (as have seen, too, about the same time of the year, one robin feeding One showery day in spring I saw a robin on the food-stand washing long-tailed tits in the garden, but a friend who lived hardly a mile Great-tits are common the whole year round; and very handsome they look years since I first noticed a bird with such a tail, and nearly every I have noticed every year that at certain times of the day, especially The strange little bird came quite close up that we see the little brown birds hawking for flies in the garden. some kind of little black fly, and sparrows a dozen or so at a time day (in April, 1908) I watched the bird for a long time as he visited time of the year, and since parts of the old river-bed have been left id = 31708 author = Ewald, Carl title = The Pond date = keywords = Fish; Goody; Mrs.; Reed; Warbler; illustration summary = "I am longing to go there, too," said the little reed-warbler. "There''s the water-lily shooting up through the water," said little Mrs. Reed-Warbler. "If you''re tired of it, why did you do it?" said little Mrs. Reed-Warbler. "That came from a mother," said Mrs. Reed-Warbler. "Dear me, is that you, Goody Cray-Fish?" said Mrs. Reed-Warbler. "Yes, Goody Cray-Fish, and then you have the children," said little Mrs. Reed-Warbler. "Well, I''ll tell you something, Goody Cray-Fish," said Mrs. Reed-Warbler. "It''s really remarkable," said little Mrs. Reed-Warbler. "Stop your chattering, Goody Cray-Fish," said the reed-warbler. "I shall never survive this," said little Mrs. Reed-Warbler. "I don''t know about my heart," said Mrs. Reed-Warbler. "I know them," said Mrs. Reed-Warbler. "The carp and the mussel are nicer than the others, I think," said Mrs. Reed-Warbler to her husband. "Oh dear!" said little Mrs. Reed-Warbler. "Is it true, Goody Cray-Fish?" said Mrs. Reed-Warbler--"tell me, did you id = 31088 author = Findley, James S. (James Smith) title = Taxonomy and Distribution of Some American Shrews date = keywords = Sorex summary = UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS PUBLICATIONS, MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY _=Sorex cinereus ohionensis=_ Bole and Moulthrop.--In their description of mention of specimens in the United States Biological Surveys Collection specimen from Milford Center lacks the skull). from Boca del Río, Veracruz, to _Cryptotis parva berlandieri_ (Baird). shrew from Boca del Río is referable to _Cryptotis micrura_. of 8 specimens in the University of Kansas Museum of Natural History kinds and every specimen examined by me is clearly referable to one or _=Sorex oreopolus emarginatus=_ Jackson.--A first-year female _Sorex_, KU _Sorex emarginatus_ previously was known only from Plateado and the type specimens of other species of Mexican shrews of the _S. America a large and a small species of _Sorex_ often occur together in a placed _durangae_ in the _Sorex vagrans-obscurus_ species group, but the from Plateado, Zacatecas, and specimens of other species of _Sorex_ milleri_ with specimens of other species of North _Sorex milleri_ should id = 32159 author = Findley, James S. (James Smith) title = Mammals from Southeastern Alaska date = keywords = Alaska; Haines summary = specimens from 7 miles SSE Haines and eight from Sullivan Island (six Alaska, and with topotypes of _Sorex obscurus alascensis_ from Yakutat, specimens from 9 miles W and 4 miles N of Haines (reported upon by from 9 miles W and 4 miles N of Haines, Alaska, and from Washington description of _Sorex alaskanus_ Merriam as given by Jackson (_op. taken at Peters Creek, elevation 300 ft., 20 miles NE of Anchorage, is taken at Peters Creek, elevation 300 ft., 20 miles NE of Anchorage, is specimens were taken on Chilkat Peninsula, elevation 10 ft., 7 miles SSE of Haines, Alaska, and one at the southeast end of Sullivan Island. Compared with the specimens from the mainland the male from 1912)--and paler on the tail; otherwise this specimen resembles those Creek, elevation 300 ft., 20 miles NE of Anchorage, Alaska, are assigned Creek, Alaska, and from 2 miles W of the Teslin River, Yukon Territory. id = 38356 author = Findley, James S. (James Smith) title = Speciation of the Wandering Shrew date = keywords = British; California; Co.; Columbia; Creek; Island; Jackson; Lake; Mts; River; Sorex summary = between the shrews of the _Sorex vagrans-obscurus_ "species group." This Of this group, the species that was named first was _Sorex vagrans_ museum specimens confirms this for the _Sorex vagrans_ group. the Pacific Coast were called _Sorex vagrans_ by Jackson. end-members of the chain of subspecies of _Sorex vagrans_ really do The geographic distribution of the species _Sorex vagrans_ is shown in At present _Sorex vagrans_ does occur in isolated places in Two other species of North American shrews,_ Sorex palustris_, the Mountains on the other, the size of _Sorex vagrans_ decreases quite subspecies of _Sorex vagrans_ on the coast of British Columbia =Sorex vagrans longiquus= new subspecies _Sorex vagrans dobsoni_ Merriam, 1891, type locality Alturas Lake, Specimens of _Sorex vagrans_ west of the Cascade Mountains have long =Sorex vagrans obscuroides= new subspecies Basin and Rocky Mountain subspecies, _vagrans_, _obscurus_ and | _Sorex vagrans obscurus_, Barkerville, British Columbia. id = 18754 author = Fink, Bruce title = Ohio Biological Survey, Bull. 10, Vol. 11, No. 6 The Ascomycetes of Ohio IV and V date = keywords = County; Ohio; Peltigera; fig summary = The series runs thus: _Lecidea_ with simple hyaline spores (Fig. 3); _Biatorina_ with two-celled, hyaline spores (Fig. 4); _Bilimbia_ with _Bacidia_ with several-celled, hyaline, acicular spores (Fig. 6). b); apothecia usually minute or small, commonly rounded, the exciple Thallus light colored, usually thin and smooth, rarely disappearing; apothecia minute to middle-sized, usually adnate, but rarely sessile or pruinose, the black exciple rarely becoming covered; hypothecium brown to black-brown; hymenium commonly pale; paraphyses distinct, but usually apothecia usually minute or small, and commonly adnate, exciple weak and crust, rarely disappearing; apothecia minute or small, usually adnate, hymenium pale or tinged brown; spores hyaline, usually fusiform or Thallus of minute, olive-green to black-brown granules, these forming a hymenium pale to light brown; paraphyses usually distinct; spores brown, hypothecium usually dark brown; hymenium pale to light brown; spores semi-distinct; asci clavate; spores brown, 4-celled, becoming slightly hymenium (Fig. 6) pale below and brown above; asci long-clavate; spores id = 31148 author = Finley, Robert B. title = A New Subspecies of Wood Rat (Neotoma mexicana) from Colorado date = keywords = Buttes; Neotoma summary = A New Subspecies of Wood Rat (Neotoma mexicana) from Colorado A New Subspecies of Wood Rat (Neotoma mexicana) from Colorado supraorbital ridges of frontal concave laterally; skull large, anteriorly; upper incisors wide, light yellow; molars large, tooth-rows long; zygomatic arches wide and heavy; pure white to base almost always present on upper throat; dark Skull: large for the species, strongly arched at base of nasals wide anteriorly, lateral margins nearly parallel or ridges, usually short in median line of skull, posterior _Neotoma mexicana scopulorum_, holotype. Adult in worn pelage taken in May at Two Buttes peak: no molt widely spreading and heavier; upper incisors wider; and molars buff than adults in unworn pelage from Two Buttes. adult in worn pelage from Two Buttes peak, described above; skulls of the three fully mature adults are large with a wide in _scopulorum_; but the upper molars are small and the bullae id = 31149 author = Finley, Robert B. title = A New Piñon Mouse (Peromyscus truei) from Durango, Mexico date = keywords = Durango summary = UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS PUBLICATIONS, MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY Alcorn for the University of Kansas Museum of Natural History contains fourteen piñon mice from lava rocks eight miles northeast than the piñon mice, _Peromyscus truei gentilis_, of adjoining areas lava-dwelling piñon mice from Durango as a distinct subspecies. of piñon mice from northeast of Durango are in the University of _Comparisons._--From _Peromyscus truei gentilis_ (specimens from 5 mi. erasmus_ differs in markedly darker coloration, sides and face less slightly darker dorsal color, more inflated bullae, and less sinuous (not From _Peromyscus truei gratus_ (specimens from various localities in differs in slightly darker dorsal color, longer ears, and more inflated _Peromyscus truei erasmus_ is a dark race of the piñon mouse known from the west side of a rough area of dark lavas a few miles northeast Specimens of _erasmus_ from eight miles northeast of Durango are dark lavas northeast of Durango, México. id = 12359 author = Fiske, John title = The Meaning of Infancy date = keywords = Wallace; great; infancy; man; thing summary = theory of evolution to man and his life has revealed human infancy adjustment of man to the physical and social world in which he states the biological function of a prolonged infancy in man. of animals came to be Man,--a creature with definite social origin of man from lower forms of life; and I can recall step by have left a great many minds with the feeling: If man has been begin to get at one of the great points in which man is important in which man differs from the lower animals, there comes the long history of evolution comes man, if this whole secular intelligible story, and we do find things working along up to man THE PART PLAYED BY INFANCY IN THE EVOLUTION OF MAN THE PART PLAYED BY INFANCY IN THE EVOLUTION OF MAN THE PART PLAYED BY INFANCY IN THE EVOLUTION OF MAN id = 33412 author = Fitch, Henry S. (Henry Sheldon) title = Observations on the Mississippi Kite in Southwestern Kansas date = keywords = August; Kansas; Park; kite summary = to many kite nests and spent many hours observing in the field. The maximum number of kites seen flying at one time at the Park was Food habits were studied by collecting pellets of the kites Judging from the nests that were examined, the kites of the Meade Park Insects often protruded from the bills of the adult kites delivering When fledglings are able to fly and have left the nest, the adults kite had used the nest each year, although the bird was not At the time of my visit to the Park in early June, kites were Even kites whose nests were kept under there were no nests of the kites nearby. nest that was under observation on July 22 had nestlings approximately other trees planted at Meade State Park, the colony of kites has Kites arrive in Kansas about the second week in May. Often old nests id = 33574 author = Fitch, Henry S. (Henry Sheldon) title = A Field Study of the Kansas Ant-Eating Frog, Gastrophryne olivacea date = keywords = August; June; Kansas; frog summary = A FIELD STUDY OF THE KANSAS ANT-EATING FROG, GASTROPHRYNE OLIVACEA The ant-eating frog is one of the smallest species of vertebrates on the Nearly all ant-eating frogs seen on the Reservation have been caught and appropriate; I propose to call the species the Kansas ant-eating frog stated that in Kansas this frog is found in wooded areas, and that rocks counties of Kansas, the habitat preferences of the ant-eating frog and Ordinarily the ant-eating frog stays beneath the soil surface, in cracks Ant-eating frogs are active over a temperature range of at least 16° C. 1. Temperatures of ant-eating frogs grouped in The frogs hatched in June were present in relatively small numbers ant-eating frogs of two size groups in late summer and early fall of GROWTH IN FROGS MARKED AS YOUNG AND RECAPTURED AS SMALL ADULTS. In northeastern Kansas the ant-eating frog, _Gastrophryne olivacea_, is temperatures of active frogs ranged from 17.0° C. id = 34353 author = Fitch, Henry S. (Henry Sheldon) title = The Forest Habitat of the University of Kansas Natural History Reservation date = keywords = Kansas; Reservation; area; large; oak; slope; tree summary = the old stumps still present on the area are remnants of the trees cut The ring counts show that many trees now growing on the area Dozens of trees including many large mature elms, honey locusts, and They include groves and isolated trees of elm, honey locust, Of young trees there were most on the bluestem prairie area, less on pasture areas and the fallow fields, the bottomlands had fewer trees Under original conditions mature trees of oak and hickory slope, an open woods with well scattered trees of black oak, American important tree species of the original climax forest on the area. that the tree was 96 years old, and hence was growing before the area over the area, but only a few trees with a trunk diameter of twelve orange trees growing in competition with oaks, elms and hickories may important species of trees on the area. id = 37199 author = Fitch, Henry S. (Henry Sheldon) title = Ecology of the Opossum on a Natural Area in Northeastern Kansas date = keywords = April; February; March; Reservation; opossum; young summary = opossums on an 86-acre study area in eastern Texas over a two-year records for most of the opossums live-trapped on the Reservation. 37 opossums caught at two, three or four different trapping stations, The opossums having home ranges entirely within the study area were The usual home range of the opossum in the area of the study is were marked as small young in the females'' pouches, and on the average observed even in some of the opossums that were marked as pouch young None of the females trapped in February was carrying young in the The young of all those females trapped on different dates in April and among opossums trapped in winter, the young born in early spring The area represented by the opossums trapped totaled more than 500 The opossums trapped ranged in weight from 126 grams to 5000 grams but One large adult opossum that was trapped seemed to be id = 37450 author = Fitch, Henry S. (Henry Sheldon) title = Aspects of Reproduction and Development in the Prairie Vole (Microtus ochrogaster) date = keywords = Kansas; female; young summary = compared in individual voles that were already of large adult size mound he trapped two adult males, one adult female, and two young; Females found in live-traps with newborn young often Individual voles living under natural conditions were not trapped included instances of females found in traps with young several days average, with greater length, weight and age, females produced Number of Young per Litter Correlated with Age or Size Females found in live-traps with their litters of young less than a Females with newborn litters, when released from live-traps, always Females that gave birth to young in live-traps toward young, but some individuals, kept with females and their In confinement, however, young voles of greater age continued to ratio of females among those voles of small adult size.] Average Growth (in Over-all Length) in Young Voles of females have more young per litter, on the average. id = 39958 author = Fitch, Henry S. (Henry Sheldon) title = Life History and Ecology of the Five-Lined Skink, Eumeces fasciatus date = keywords = April; August; Eumeces; FIG; July; June; Kansas; March; North; adult; female; illustration; skink summary = LIFE HISTORY AND ECOLOGY OF THE FIVE-LINED SKINK, EUMECES FASCIATUS "Five-lined" Skinks (Fasciatus Group of the Genus Eumeces) 8. Adult female skinks with ventral body walls 2. Adult female skink in a natural nest, with funnel traps set along rock ledges often caught two adult male skinks In the five-lined skink each adult female normally produces one clutch eggs were still in the nest, and a young skink was partly emerged from Records of Individual Skinks Marked as Young and Records of Regeneration of the Tail in Individual Skinks adult skinks marked, and recorded as having well-regenerated tails, the adult females, and that young tend to shift to new areas more frequently Five-lined Skinks on Study Areas, Indicating Home Range Sizes. adult males in the Skink Woods study-area.] adult males in the Skink Woods study-area.] 212 five-lined skinks were taken in this small rock pile area in four id = 42676 author = Fitch, Henry S. (Henry Sheldon) title = Natural History of the Racer Coluber constrictor date = keywords = August; County; July; June; Kansas; October; Reservation; September; Tract; racer summary = Relative Tail Length in Male and Female Racers of Different For example, on August 28, a large female racer released from a trap Records of male racers and those of females were used for separate with only nine records for female racers I calculated the home range large black racer eating a 21-inch garter snake (_Thamnophis (1892:331) recorded finding garter snakes in several large racers. Snakes are important in the racer''s food in most parts of the range, Recorded From Blue Racers From Kansas, Chiefly From the Reservation racer in Kansas, Brons (1882:365) stated that the female "at times, Numbers and Sizes of Eggs in Clutches of the Blue Racer From These records indicate that the young racers at the time of their A few records of predation on blue racers by other reptiles on the racers in the prey of other snakes, there were more frequent records id = 30321 author = Fox, Richard C. title = The Adductor Muscles of the Jaw In Some Primitive Reptiles date = keywords = Captorhinus; Dimetrodon; meckelian; muscle summary = the adductor muscles of the mandible in _Captorhinus_ and _Dimetrodon_; surface of the process presented an area of attachment for muscles surface of the cheek and roof of the skull and inserted on the bones of masseter, medial adductor, and temporal muscles. The muscle was probably divided into a major medial mass, the temporal, temporal, and anterior pterygoid muscles. mandibular fragment, showing insertion of posterior pterygoid muscle. The masseter inserted on the external surface of the coronoid process, The internal adductor or pterygoid musculature in _Captorhinus_ its origin, passed medial to the temporal muscle and inserted on the When the jaw was adducted, the insertion of the anterior pterygoid was The posterior pterygoid muscle probably arose from the anterior portion showing anterior and posterior pterygoid muscles. Watson''s reconstruction shows both the temporal and masseter muscles as origin and insertion of the anterior pterygoid in _Dimetrodon_ insuring Insertion: lateral surface of coronoid process of mandible. id = 30620 author = Fox, Richard C. title = Two New Pelycosaurs from the Lower Permian of Oklahoma date = keywords = Delorhynchus; tooth summary = the author recovered several tooth-bearing fragments of small _Type specimen._--Fragmentary left maxilla, bearing four teeth, KU 11118; fragmentary left maxilla having four teeth, the most posterior of the maxillary fragments bears four thecodont teeth. enlargement of any of the teeth, the longest tooth of each fragment extra-maxillary length of the undamaged teeth of the three fragments is recurvature of the four teeth present in the fragments of _Delorhynchus_ surfaces of the maxillary fragments indicate that _Delorhynchus_, in _Type specimen._--Fragmentary left dentary, bearing five teeth, the _Horizon and locality._--From the early Permian fissure deposits in the KU 11122, a fragment of the left dentary bearing two teeth, is 7.5 mm. The ?maxillary fragment bears two teeth which are 3.0 mm. _The Fort Sill Locality._--Peabody (1961) suggested that the fissures of Permian, and that the unusually abundant bones in the fissures were the concentration of bones in the fissures of Fort Sill represents the id = 31293 author = Freeman, Howard L. title = Systematic Status of a South American Frog, Allophryne ruthveni Gaige date = keywords = Allophryne; Gaige summary = UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS PUBLICATIONS, MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY Gaige (1926) described _Allophryne ruthveni_ as a new genus and species A male of _Allophryne ruthveni_ is among the amphibians and reptiles _Specimens examined._--Six, as follows: BRITISH GUIANA, Genus ~Allophryne~ Gaige _Allophryne_ Gaige, Occas. _Type species._--_Allophryne ruthveni_ Gaige. vomers, maxillae, and premaxillae edentate; skin of head ~Allophryne ruthveni~ Gaige ~Allophryne ruthveni~ Gaige ~Allophryne ruthveni~ Gaige _Allophryne ruthveni_ Gaige, Occas. 1. _Allophryne ruthveni_, male (KU 69890); follows: two large, elongate white spots on each thigh, male (Fig. 1) and less so in all other specimens examined. _Allophryne_ in having T-shaped terminal phalanges. relationship of _Allophryne_ to the Hylidae. The skull of _Allophryne_ (Fig. 3) is distinctive among 3. Dorsal view of skull of _Allophryne_ osteology of _Allophryne_, especially the structural relationships of Among currently recognized families of frogs, _Allophryne_ is least _Allophryne_ in the Hylidae. A new frog from British Guiana. id = 34371 author = Galbreath, Edwin C. (Edwin Carter) title = Pliocene and Pleistocene Records of Fossil Turtles from Western Kansas and Oklahoma University of Kansas Publications Museum of Natural History Volume 1 date = keywords = Kansas summary = Pliocene and Pleistocene Records of Fossil UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS PUBLICATIONS, MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY Pliocene and Pleistocene Records of Fossil Turtles from Kansas Museum of Natural History there are many fragments of turtles collection in the University of Kansas Museum of Natural History. and plastronal elements collected from Edson Quarry, Sherman County, Nye Sink, XI Ranch, Meade County, Kansas, and is of Pleistocene age. Sherman County, Kansas, and from middle and late Pliocene beds in Seward and Meade counties, Kansas, respectively. existed in western Kansas during early Pliocene to mid-Pleistocene Kansas, and No. 7677 is from the early Pleistocene of Beaver County, Edson Quarry, Sherman County, Kansas. No. 6479 is part of a costal and marginals from Meade County, Kansas. a carapace from Meade County, Kansas, probably of the same age. Two new genera of Felidae from the middle Pliocene of Kansas. Pliocene of Kansas. of Seward County, Kansas. id = 34412 author = Galbreath, Edwin C. (Edwin Carter) title = A New Species of Heteromyid Rodent from the Middle Oligocene of Northeast Colorado with Remarks on the Skull date = keywords = Heliscomys; bone summary = the anterior part of a skull of _Heliscomys_ in the middle Oligocene posteroexternal cusp (metacone) anterior to central (hypocone) and lingual (entostyle) cusps, which are connected by a cingulum; internal of each cingulum opposite the straight median valley; rostrum deep and appearance to the rostrum of the Recent heteromyids, when viewed The frontal bone dorsally is relatively narrower than in any Recent the frontal bone meets the orbital processes of the palatine and of the lateral wall of the incisive (anterior palatine) foramen. wall of the root canal being formed by the upper surface of the bone. plate of bone, and embraces the posterior and lateral sides of the The maxillary process of the left palatine bone is united to palatine bone, posteromedial to the third molar, is the foramen orbital process of the maxillary bone, and the sphenopalatine foramen is cusps with the anterior cingulum. id = 34449 author = Galbreath, Edwin C. (Edwin Carter) title = A New Extinct Emydid Turtle from the Lower Pliocene of Oklahoma date = keywords = length summary = UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS PUBLICATIONS, MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY First costal: Length of margin bordering nuchal, 23 (this and the marginals, 38; length of margin bordering 2d costal, 51. costal, 55 (L), 56; length of margin bordering neurals, 19; length of length of margin bordering 5th costal, 55. length of margin bordering 5th costal, 55. First costal scute: Length of margin bordering vertebrals, 45. costal scute: Length of margin bordering vertebrals, 35 (L), 35; length of margin bordering 3d costal scute, 52. First vertebral scute: Length of anterior margin, 24 (estimated); Second vertebral scute: Length of anterior margin, 27; greatest width, margin, 33; greatest width, 42; length at midline, 40 (estimated). border, 38; length of margin of pectoral scute on midline, 18; distance Abdominal scute: Length of margin of scute on midline, 43; width of anterior border of scute from midline to inguinal notch, 41; width of id = 44000 author = Gaskell, Walter Holbrook title = The Origin of Vertebrates date = keywords = Ammocoetes; Amphioxus; Eurypterus; Fig; Lankester; Limulus; Miss; Palæostraca; Patten; Petromyzon; Vol; Wijhe; appendage; branchial; cell; evidence; eye; form; illustration; lateral; muscle; nerve; organ; region; segment; system; ventral; vertebrate summary = origin of the vertebrate from some form among the segmented group of origin of vertebrates from forms like the latter animal is based. gland of the vertebrate brain was originally a pair of median eyes is by region two sets of muscles are laid down segmentally, thus forming a dorsal markedly segmented muscles of the appendages, and in the other case formed possesses its own segmental nerve, which supplies its own branchial muscles nerves which supply the latter segments form a very well-marked group to the trigeminal nerve-group.--History of cranial segments.--Eye-muscles which gives origin to the motor nerves of the eye-muscles, the small-celled dorso-ventral muscles belonging to the lower lip, which, as seen in Fig. 119 (_M._), form a well-marked muscular sheet, whose fibres interlace sense-organs was specially developed to form the origin of the vertebrate vertebrate.--Pronephric organs compared to coxal glands.--Origin of vertebrate.--Pronephric organs compared to coxal glands.--Origin of id = 22165 author = Gibson, W. Hamilton (William Hamilton) title = My Studio Neighbors date = keywords = Darwin; Sprengel; american; bird; blossom; cow; fertilization; fig; flower; illustration; insect; long; nest; orchid; pollen; stigma; wasp summary = Sprengel showed that in a great many flowers, as I have shown at C (Fig. 3), this deposit of pollen is naturally impossible, owing to the 2. Insects in approaching the nectar brush the pollen from the anthers "discovered." Starting to prove that insects fertilize the flowers, his reverse--that _insects could not fertilize_ flowers in the manner he had the flower, but the long tongues of these insects might permit the of pollen and stigma, looking to the flower''s cross-fertilization. the stigma, and as the bee enters the next flower the pollen clubs are In the case of a smaller bee visiting the flower, the insect would find (Fig. 18 B), thus insuring the cross-fertilizing of the flower, the bee fertilization by the pollen on the insect''s tongue; and even though the flowers, the pollen of the milkweed blossom must come in contact with id = 38954 author = Gibson, W. Hamilton (William Hamilton) title = Eye Spy: Afield with Nature Among Flowers and Animate Things date = keywords = Gibson; Initial; Mr.; Mrs.; Professor; Tumble; blossom; day; find; flower; fly; illustration; insect; leave; like; little; long; pollen; snake; time summary = baby days I was curious about flowers and insects. spider-like legs you ever saw, each tipped with three little sharp Let us then take a careful look at these queer little homely flowers, A small wasp is now seen hovering about the flowers, and we must turn very soon he is seen to come to a freshly opened flower, which he sips time; but more than one tiny wasp gets his head into such a blossom, wasp-like insect upon one of the oak leaves close to my face. colors--red, yellow, and blue--are rarely to be seen in the blossoms Leaving him to his work, I lost no time in taking the hint, and my box little bubbles, which soon completely cover up the insects. maternal wings to the little white grub in the hornet nest yonder in insect--day-flowering blossoms mostly to bees and butterflies, and yellow pollen which covers the bodies of the insects until they are as id = 32800 author = Gosse, Philip Henry title = The Romance of Natural History, Second Series date = keywords = America; Bat; Britain; Ceylon; December; Europe; India; Ireland; Jamaica; London; Museum; New; November; Owen; Professor; South; Swallows; Toad; Zealand; Zool; Zoologist; animal; bird; find; fish; form; great; large; like; long; man; remain; serpent; snake; specie; state; time; tree; year summary = -Crimson Snow -Discharges of Birds -Real Red Rain -Waters turned see the little piggish eyes, set far up in the great head, and wide and the other animals created for the use of the Indians, the Great Man the present existence in America of several forms of animals, which are Evidence for the recent existence of the colossal ostrich-like birds of No doubt so large an animal would not long survive in a state many accounts of the appearance and habits of this bird, evidently afforded no hiding-place for these birds to form their nests, presented present in an animal with a dog-like head, and clothed with hair; but like a skeleton than any living animal I have ever seen, but by degrees birds of this family, including all our four common species, to be seen Spanish informant had seen the serpent with mandibles like a bird, with id = 39910 author = Gosse, Philip Henry title = Omphalos: An Attempt to Untie the Geological Knot date = keywords = Dr.; Europe; Geology; God; Man; Mr.; animal; deposit; development; egg; evidence; existence; form; formation; great; history; illustration; leave; life; like; long; period; present; specie; surface; time; tree; year summary = the second great period of organic existence.'' The reply seemed composed of organic remains, were formed before the clay was deposited animals manifest no less interesting an approximation to existing forms inferred the existence of vast periods of past time from geological existed in the form of a _planule_, a minute soft-bodied, pear-shaped development; the young unexpanded leaves grow within two large leaf-like form, developing many Hydroid polypes, just like itself, by successive In this species each periodic deposit took the form of a a long-lived animal; and a period of many years must have passed in created present us with any evidences of a past existence, and if so, does appear, its existence as an organism capable of developing the If the Tree-frog afforded us evidence of pre-existent time, in the process of development, however, new locomotive organs are formed; and the earth, at its creation, evidence of its having existed ages before id = 19321 author = Graebner, Theodore title = Evolution: An Investigation and a Critique date = keywords = Darwin; Dr.; God; Huxley; Mr.; Spencer; Wallace; animal; christian; darwinian; evolution; fact; find; form; greek; life; man; theory summary = _organic_ evolution in its relation to living forms (plant and animal in the early age of the world was developed from "mere animal creatures." In its relations to animal life a development theory was first work: _"The Origin of Species."_ The keynote of Darwin''s theory is Natural Selection, by which term the development of all living forms is that in the history of plants and animals on earth, the simplest forms theory, man differs from the lower organisms not in kind so much as in better developed brute--the natural result being that man is no more theory which claims to account for the beginning of all animal life produced living (plant and animal) matter, life must have originated at original] Observe, that these two highly organized forms of animals, to the evolution of plants and animals, cling to the doctrine that man facts to mean that there is progressive development in animal and plant id = 5273 author = Gray, Asa title = Darwiniana; Essays and Reviews Pertaining to Darwinism date = keywords = Agassiz; America; Atlantic; California; Candolle; Darwin; Dionaea; Dr.; Drosera; Europe; God; Hodge; Japan; Journal; Mr.; Nature; New; North; Science; States; animal; cause; darwinian; design; form; natural; plant; specie summary = Views and Definitions of Species--How Darwin''s differs from that of Agassiz, Nature to secure Cross-Fertilization of Individuals.-Reference to Mr. Darwin''s Development of this View Darwin''s "Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection," as a review of In applying his principle of natural selection to the work in hand, Mr. Darwin assumes, as we have seen: i. species and organs through natural agencies, the author means a series of perusal of the new book "On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural So long as the existing species of plants and animals were thought to have the origination of species through variation and natural selection of such works as the "Origin of Species by means of Natural Selection," the "On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the "On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the id = 47578 author = Grindon, Leo H. (Leo Hartley) title = Country Rambles, and Manchester Walks and Wild Flowers Being Rural Wanderings in Cheshire, Lancashire, Derbyshire, and Yorkshire date = keywords = Ashley; Bollin; Bridge; CHAPTER; Castle; Cheshire; Clough; Crozier; Disley; Edge; England; Hall; Hill; John; Lancashire; Manchester; Marple; Mere; Mersey; Moss; Mr.; North; Park; Prestwich; Vale; Wood; common; great; illustration; little; plant; tree summary = of the rushing water, the birds saturating every grove and little wood white, like so many of the old Cheshire halls and ancient manor-houses. beautiful park, woods, and waters, distinguished particularly as be replaced in less than three generations; the sycamore at Mr. Nevill''s is already over a hundred years old; so near to Manchester, it land, near a river, covered with alders or other water-loving trees. level ground, brings many beautiful wild-flowers into view. Bollin valley, having long, pendulous clusters of white flowers, like of the Hall, another pleasing old "magpie;" water also is near at hand, the great green pyramid called Cobden Edge; then come the hills that The plants of the woods and hills bordering the Agecroft valley right, a thousand green trees, and by turning the head a little, after minutes along field-paths, the way changes into a beautiful clough, in This little fellow is common in most places,--woods, gardens, id = 44541 author = Haeckel, Ernst title = The Last Link: Our Present Knowledge of the Descent of Man date = keywords = Amphibia; Berlin; Darwin; Evolution; Haeckel; Mammalia; Pithecanthropus; Primates; Professor; Simiæ; Upper; Vertebrata; history; man; year summary = first is entitled ''On the Natural History of the Man-like Apes''; the different views, all agree in one main point: the natural development anatomy concedes to man in the ''natural system'' of animals, for the zoology, there remain three natural groups of Primates--the Lemures, as follows: _The comparative anatomy of all organs of the group of directly the descent of man from ape-like creatures? this now famous ape-like man provoked an animated discussion at the the last twenty years, there exist, indeed, all the connecting forms remark applies to the egg-cell of man himself in its early stages The direct descent of man from some extinct ape-like form is now beyond and after nine years'' labour produced his epoch-making work, ''Ueber following example: The Monera are the lowest living organisms known; Representatives of stages of the ancestral line of man. the transformation from early fish-like creatures to man has come about id = 6430 author = Haeckel, Ernst title = The Evolution of Man — Volume 1 date = keywords = Baer; Darwin; EMBRYO; Hertwig; Wolff; animal; body; cell; chapter; embryonic; figure; form; germinal; layer; man; ovum; primitive; section; theory; vertebrate; yelk summary = important that we find a large number of lower animal forms to be two simple cell-layers (the gastrula), that the gastraea, a form with a simple cell, that divides and subdivides and forms germinal layers, developed in the same way, from tubes formed out of simple layers, did skin-fibre layer); it forms the outer wall of the body (the true skin, The cell-body also consists originally, and in its simplest form, of a cells which form the different tissues of the body; it unites all primitive mouth, s segmentation-cavity, i entoderm (gut-layer), e outer or animal layer, or ectoderm, always forms the chief organs of fish-ovum, these segmentation-cells form a round, lens-shaped disk, primitive gut, a double body-cavity is formed (Figures 1.74 to 1.76). b gut ventral wall, z yelk-cells in the latter, u primitive mouth, o primitive vertebrate form, as we see in Figures 1.98 to 1.102. id = 6710 author = Haeckel, Ernst title = The Evolution of Man — Volume 2 date = keywords = Acrania; Amniotes; Amphibia; Amphioxus; Ascidia; Craniotes; Cyclostoma; EMBRYO; FIGURE; Gegenbaur; HUMAN; Monotremes; Placentals; Selachii; Tunicates; Vermalia; Vertebrates; chapter; evolution; form; low; mammal; man; organ; primitive; section summary = connection with the stem-history of the body-cavity in man and the of the body-cavity in which the sexual organs are subsequently formed. previously formed of the "Primitive Vertebrate" (Figures 1.98 to that this gradual development of the human form from lower animal development of man from some closely-related group of apes, probably the common stem-form of the primitive vertebrate. (floating matter), a number of green cells form a simple layer at the man is closely related to the ape, and belongs to the vertebrate stem; skull, and brain, with further development of the higher sense-organs, classes of Vertebrates, is formed from the five primitive vesicles. development of the gill-clefts which are formed in the gut-wall originally simple gut developing into a variety of organs. section of the gut in man as in the lower Vertebrates; thus there is a developing in the embryo of man and the higher Craniotes (Figures id = 27022 author = Hall, E. Raymond (Eugene Raymond) title = A New Subspecies of the Black Myotis (Bat) from Eastern Mexico date = keywords = Myotis summary = UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS PUBLICATIONS, MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY Published December 29, 1961 A New Subspecies of the Black Myotis (Bat) From Eastern Mexico the Museum of Natural History of The University of Kansas include MYOTIS NIGRICANS DALQUESTI new subspecies _Type._--Male, adult, skin and skull, No. 23839 Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas; from 3 km. _Comparison._--Color almost as in _Myotis nigricans extremus_, the subspecies occurring adjacent to _dalquesti_ in Chiapas and Tabasco. n. extremus_, _dalquesti_ differs as follows: larger; hypocone do _extremus_ and _dalquesti_. Carranza, and finally length of forearm and cranial measurements of _Myotis nigricans dalquesti_, holotype. B. _Myotis nigricans extremus_ collection of mammals ever taken in the state of Veracruz. overlap between _extremus_ and _dalquesti_ in the interorbital intergradation between _dalquesti_ and _extremus_ in that one specimen differ from the other specimens of _dalquesti_ in shorter forearm, specimens of _extremus_ available to us are as follows: 1 mi. id = 28864 author = Hall, E. Raymond (Eugene Raymond) title = A New Subspecies of Microtus montanus from Montana and Comments on Microtus canicaudus Miller date = keywords = Microtus summary = A New Subspecies of Microtus montanus from A New Subspecies of Microtus montanus from Montana and Comments on White collected two specimens of the species _Microtus could examine the additional specimens from Montana in the Biological Microtus montanus pratincolus new subspecies Essentially as in _Microtus montanus nanus_. and, in most specimens, especially so posteriorly; tympanic bullae _Comparison._--Among named forms, _Microtus montanus pratincolus_ Our examination of specimens from localities in Montana east of the _Microtus nanus canescens_ to Montanan specimens from Flathead Lake and _Specimens examined_ (in U.S. Nat. Mus., Biol. Coll.).--_Microtus montanus nanus_: Total, 72, as follows: IDAHO: Microtus montanus canicaudus Miller _Microtus canicaudus_ Miller, Proc. subspecies of the species _Microtus montanus_, _Microtus canicaudus_ was _Microtus [montanus] nanus_; upper parts yellowish; tail usually nearly mentioned above, intergradation with _Microtus montanus nanus_ is seen _canicaudus_, _nanus_, or _montanus_. showing the geographic distribution of _Microtus canicaudus_, Bailey _Microtus montanus_ from Warm Springs. id = 29122 author = Hall, E. Raymond (Eugene Raymond) title = Mammals Obtained by Dr. Curt von Wedel from the Barrier Beach of Tamaulipas, Mexico date = keywords = Island; Lepus summary = What species of mammals occur on the "coastal island", barrier beach, of Mustang islands of Texas, instead of on the mainland of Tamaulipas, or previously unnamed subspecies of kangaroo rat on Mustang Island, Texas, from Texan specimens from the type locality and Mustang Island. ordii compactus_ of Padre Island, Texas, _D. in: Tail and hind foot shorter; skull smaller in all parts measured, specimens of _Dipodomys ordii compactus_ from the type locality or from largus_ differs in: Body and tail longer; basilar length of skull Lepus californicus curti new subspecies _Comparisons._--From _Lepus californicus merriami_ Mearns (specimens have examined no specimens of _Lepus californicus_ from the opposite The small tympanic bullae of the specimens from Padre Island were specimens from Padre Island, although possessing small bullae, in other _Lepus californicus altamirae_ was named by Nelson (Proc. Specimens (skulls with accompanying skins) of the species _Lepus _Lepus californicus altamirae_ Nelson id = 29201 author = Hall, E. Raymond (Eugene Raymond) title = Comments on the Taxonomy and Geographic Distribution of North American Microtines date = keywords = Clethrionomys; County; Microtus summary = When Bole and Moulthrop named _Synaptomys cooperi saturatus_, with type cit._) did not assign to any subspecies the specimens from southern Lake, and compared it with _Clethrionomys gapperi occidentalis_ and An examination of specimens of _caurinus_ (British Columbia: Mt. Seymour, 2 KU; Lund, Malaspina Inlet, 2 USBS; and Inverness, mouth the wide-spread species _Clethrionomys gapperi_ because Dalquest (Univ. species _Clethrionomys gapperi_, and since the differences between _Specimens examined._--Total, 31, distributed as follows: Alaska: _Specimens examined._--Total, 31, distributed as follows: Alaska: Clethrionomys gapperi solus, new subspecies _Type._--Male, adult, skin and skull, No. 74939, Biological Surveys _Type._--Male, adult, skin and skull, No. 30735, Museum of The specimens from Columbia and Dane counties differ Examination of specimens of _Microtus longicaudus_ from Washington east color among the Washington-taken specimens of _Microtus longicaudus_. _Specimens examined of Microtus longicaudus mordax._--Total, 74, below of the type specimen of _M. specimens from the Seward Peninsula of Alaska as _Microtus miurus id = 31020 author = Hall, E. Raymond (Eugene Raymond) title = A New Subspecies of Pocket Mouse from Kansas date = keywords = Kansas summary = UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS PUBLICATIONS, MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY A New Subspecies of Pocket Mouse from Kansas _Perognathus flavescens_ from south-central Kansas and adjoining parts =Perognathus flavescens cockrumi= new subspecies NE Danville, Harper Co., Kansas; December 1, 1939; _Diagnosis._--Size small; upper parts Ochraceous-Buff _Comparisons._--_Perognathus flavescens cockrumi_ averages _cockrumi_ differs in being darker in all parts of the subspecies; the parts of the hairs that are Ochraceous-Buff in _cockrumi_ are Light Ochraceous-Buff in _flavescens_; the the more southern _Perognathus flavescens copei_ Rhoads from Cairo, Kansas, showing some wear on P4), and another the two specimens examined by him from Kansas (the one from Ellsworth to _Perognathus flavescens copei_ Rhoads, as Cockrum (Univ. Hist., 7:146, August 25, 1952) had done, because the four specimens from Cairo, Kansas, that Osgood (N. 18:21, September 20, 1900) referred to _Perognathus flavescens_ before f. flavescens_ from western Kansas and _P. cockrumi_ from south-central Kansas but show more resemblance to the id = 33639 author = Hall, E. Raymond (Eugene Raymond) title = The Subspecific Status of Two Central American Sloths date = keywords = Kansas summary = ~Bradypus griseus ignavus~ Goldman _Bradypus ignavus_, and identified specimens from Tapalisa, Cituro, and the American Museum of Natural History: _ignavus_: Panamá: Cituro (No. 38191), Tapalisa (No. 38102), Real de Santa Maria (Nos. 37619-37621); _griseus_: Panamá: La Chorrera (No. 31427); Costa Rica: Juan Viñas (No. 2824), Palmar (No. 139313), Vijagual, San Carlos (No. 139833); The specimens from Real de Santa Maria, Tapalisa, and Cituro, average specimens of _griseus_ (for example, No. 139833, from Vijagual, San _griseus_ (No. 139833) from Vijagual, San Carlos, Costa Rica. _ignavus_; the specimen with the longest extension (No. 37621 from El Real), however, has the extension only barely shorter than does No. 139933 of _griseus_ from Vijagual, San Carlos, Costa Rica. Further, a specimen (No. 139833) from Vijagual, San Carlos, Costa Rica, provides a morphological intergrade between _griseus_ and _ignavus_. griseus ignavus_ Goldman, 1913. comparisons and examination of the specimens used by Hollister and a few id = 33653 author = Hall, E. Raymond (Eugene Raymond) title = A New Pocket Gopher (Genus Thomomys) From Wyoming and Colorado date = keywords = Wyoming summary = UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS PUBLICATIONS, MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY Among small mammals accumulated, from Wyoming, in the Museum of Natural History of the University of Kansas, specimens of the wide-spread Madre Mountain Range of Wyoming and Colorado prove upon comparison to #Thomomys talpoides meritus# new subspecies Carbon County, Wyoming; obtained on July 19, 1948, by George M. skull small; relative to basilar length, skull narrow across rostrum, zygomata and mastoids; nasals short and posteriorly _Comparisons._--From _Thomomys talpoides rostralis_ (North darker color, smaller and slenderer skull. From _Thomomys talpoides clusius_ meritus_ differs in: Color much darker; rostrum longer; skull _Remarks._--The specimens of _Thomomys_ from Wyoming on which the name each of the two mentioned subspecies in small size, dark color and follows: Total length, [Male] 204 (193-226), [Female] 207 indicated in the Museum of Natural History of the University of #Wyoming.#--_Carbon County_: Savery (8 mi. _Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas, Lawrence. id = 34303 author = Hall, E. Raymond (Eugene Raymond) title = A New Bat (Genus Myotis) From Mexico date = keywords = Myotis summary = UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS PUBLICATIONS, MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY A New Bat (Genus Myotis) From Mexico[1] A New Bat (Genus Myotis) From Mexico[1] #Myotis argentatus#, new species _Type._--Male, adult, skin with skull, No. 19228, Mus. Nat. total area of palate; brain case much inflated; ventral margin _Comparison._--From _Myotis albescens_ (E. by specimens in the United States National Museum from Paraguay area of palatal surface; ventral margin of foramen magnum less Among at least American kinds of _Myotis_, _argentatus_ is extreme in small area of occlusal surface of the upper molariform teeth in relation to the total area of the palatal surface of the skull. _Myotis argentatus_ to the silvery-haired bat, _Lasionycteris Among named kinds of the genus _Myotis_, the species _argentatus_ most closely resembles _Myotis albescens_ which, up to now has been recorded magnitude of the differences between _albescens_ and _argentatus_ for the bat here named _Myotis argentatus_. id = 34314 author = Hall, E. Raymond (Eugene Raymond) title = A New Pocket Gopher (Thomomys) and A New Spiny Pocket Mouse (Liomys) from Michoacán, Mexico date = keywords = Michoacán; Pátzcuaro summary = UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS PUBLICATIONS, MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY Pocket Mouse (Liomys) from Michoacán, Mexico A series of 17 pocket gophers of the species _Thomomys umbrinus_ #Thomomys umbrinus pullus#, new subspecies larger surface of mastoidal bulla; incisors, in both upper and of each sex, are as follows: Total length, male 184 (178-198), In 1943 a series of fifteen spiny pocket mice, _Liomys irroratus_, was #Liomys irroratus acutus#, new subspecies brown; posterior border of nasals V-shaped with apex directed _Comparisons._--From _Liomys irroratus alleni_, _acutus_ differs as follows: Color slightly darker brown on upper parts; size slightly less; posterior border of nasals V-shaped rather than (topotypes), _acutus_ differs as follows: Color slightly darker breadth; posterior border of nasals V-shaped rather than almost _Liomys irroratus pullus_, _acutus_ differs in longer body, posterior border of nasals and frontomaxillary suture differing of posterior border of nasals, semicircular shape of interparietal, breadth, 8.4, 8.1, 7.8 (7.5-8.0); length of nasals, 15.1, 14.9, id = 34411 author = Hall, E. Raymond (Eugene Raymond) title = Pipistrellus cinnamomeus Miller 1902 Referred to the Genus Myotis date = keywords = Myotis summary = features, the type of _Pipistrellus cinnamomeus_ Miller agrees with May 25, 1928) they examined specimens of _Myotis occultus_ which they account of bats of the genus _Myotis_, the specimens (type and two from was renamed; the new name, _Myotis lucifugus fortidens_ Miller and named specimens, _Myotis lucifugus fortidens_ Miller and Allen 1928 available name, which seems to be _Myotis lucifugus fortidens_ Miller _Myotis lucifugus fortidens_ Miller and Allen 1928 as specifically distinct from _Myotis lucifugus_ of Miller and Allen 1928. ~Myotis fortidens~ Miller and Allen _Myotis lucifugus fortidens_ Miller and Allen, Bull. (total length 94 mm); body long (54); tail short (39); forearm of medium Four views of the skull of _Myotis fortidens_. _Myotis lucifugus fortidens_ Miller and Allen 1928. [Note 8: Type of _Myotis lucifugus fortidens_; measurements after Miller [Note 8: Type of _Myotis lucifugus fortidens_; measurements after Miller [Note 9: Type of _Pipistrellus cinnamomeus_ Miller 1902.] id = 34532 author = Hall, E. Raymond (Eugene Raymond) title = A Synopsis of the American Bats of the Genus Pipistrellus date = keywords = Hatfield; Mexico; Pipistrellus summary = Cuvier) of eastern North America, _Pipistrellus hesperus_ (H. of western North America, _Pipistrellus veracrucis_ (Ward) from Veracruz, Mexico, and _Pipistrellus cinnamomeus_ Miller from Tabasco, _Pipistrellus veracrucis_ proves to be only a subspecies (geographic specimens are clearly referable to their respective species and show species, _Pipistrellus hesperus_, was that by Hatfield (Jour. _Pipistrellus hesperus_ Miller, N. _Type locality._--Old Fort Yuma, Imperial County, California, on right _Pipistrellus hesperus australis_ Miller, N. _Pipistrellus hesperus australis_ Miller, N. cit._) examined no specimens from Mexico +Pipistrellus hesperus maximus+ Hatfield _Pipistrellus hesperus maximus_ Hatfield, Jour. _Range._--Southern New Mexico, western Texas and probably the +Pipistrellus hesperus santarosae+ Hatfield _Pipistrellus hesperus santarosae_ Hatfield, Jour. _Pipistrellus subflavus obscurus_ Miller, N. _Pipistrellus subflavus obscurus_ Miller, N. variation in _Pipistrellus subflavus_ of the United States and Canada It is noteworthy that the species _Pipistrellus subflavus_ has not +Pipistrellus subflavus veracrucis+ (Ward) _Pipistrellus veracrucis_ Miller, N. specimens of _Pipistrellus subflavus_ from the United States and id = 36653 author = Hall, E. Raymond (Eugene Raymond) title = Subspeciation in Pocket Gophers of Kansas, [KU. Vol. 1 No. 11] date = keywords = County; Geomys; Kansas summary = Kansas mammals in which he used the names _Geomys bursarius_ Shaw and Specimens to the total number of 335 from Kansas have been available five subspecies of the Mississippi Valley pocket gopher, _Geomys _Geomys bursarius lutescens_ Merriam, North Amer. with specimens from northwestern Kansas and from the type locality. _Geomys bursarius majusculus_ Swenk, Missouri Valley Fauna, _Comparisons._--From _Geomys bursarius lutescens_, _majusculus_ differs County), _majusculus_ differs in slightly darker color, being Mummy crest barely present in some adult males of _major_ from Harper County). Cummings, Atchison County) do specimens average as large as topotypes of of Fowler, Meade County, Kansas; obtained December 30, 1941, by specimen of _Geomys bursarius industrius_. Specimens from Harper County have the occiput slightly inclined industrius_ from northern Meade County and from two specimens from of the specimens from McPherson County, Kansas, that have caused us to _Geomys bursarius industrius_ new subspecies. _Geomys bursarius industrius_ new subspecies. N Fowler, Meade County, Kansas. id = 43272 author = Hall, E. Raymond (Eugene Raymond) title = American Weasels date = keywords = Alaska; Amer; Bay; British; Brown; California; Collection; County; Creek; Hall; Island; June; Lake; Merriam; Museum; Mustela; Nat; New; November; Point; Proc; Putorius; River; San; States; United; Washington; american; total summary = subspecies of long-tailed weasel, _Mustela frenata_. Specimens of _Mustela frenata_ (north of the range of _M. specimen of long-tailed weasel, which is in process of color change in In wild-taken specimens of the species _Mustela frenata_, subspecies The long-tailed weasel, _Mustela frenata_, occurs mostly south of the _Mustela frenata_, long-tailed weasel, p. greatest width of color of upper parts, in males skull less, _Skull._--Male (5 adults from Idaho County): See measurements and dark-colored upper parts, in males, on the average, tail more than long-tailed weasel, _Mustela frenata nevadensis_, that "All the three the skull of adult male _noveboracensis_, is of smaller average size _Skull and teeth._--Male (based on ten adults from Douglas County, width of color of upper parts, weight of skull of adult male more _Skull and teeth._--Male (based on type specimen and adult no. _Skull and teeth._--Male (based on type specimen and adult no. id = 38066 author = Hawksworth, Hallam title = The Adventures of a Grain of Dust date = keywords = Mr.; Mrs.; Nature; New; Winter; ant; foot; good; help; illustration; like; little; pebble; root; soil; thing; tree; way; wind; work summary = A little goes a long way with members of the family who live in lichens which can only live where there is a little soil to begin with. reach new soil ahead of other trees with winged seeds like the beeches they fall on rock with little or no soil the next wind picks them up and illustrated little book on "Seed Dispersal" tells a world of spread in bottom-lands a thousand miles away, where the new soil helps ways: (1) With acids--for, like the Little Old Man of the Rock, he is a let me tell you, for a little body no bigger than Mrs. Mason-Bee. And remember, this goes on all day long from sunrise to sunset. A good-sized root, working along through the soil, like Little the little lichens and the big trees, the winds and the rains, are all id = 26331 author = Herford, Oliver title = A Child''s Primer of Natural History date = keywords = Dog; Hare; child summary = SEE, chil-dren, the Fur-bear-ing Seal; (Though for the kind Fur-bear-ing Seal If you, my child, are noth-ing loath Con-tri-ving some un-sel-fish way What Pen has in-flu-enced Man the most? EV-ER-Y child who has the use What Scho-pen-hau-er''s driv-ing at? MY child, ob-serve the use-ful Ant, How hard she works each day. Let Fido chase his tail all day; The Lit-tle Child from sin will fly He knows it''s time to put a-way "This _crea-ture_ (don''t say ''cuss,'' my child; OB-SERVE, my child, the House-hold Fly, A cu-ri-ous joy in eat-ing snakes-This vac-il-lat-ing Thing, you see, SEE, chil-dren, the mis-guid-ed Mole. In-struct-ing oth-ers blind as he He tells this dai-ly to the bored fish, In vain, for noth-ing can they learn. Like Mis-ter Ham-let in the play. Or yarn or any roll-ing thing. The Dog loves MAN be-cause he shears MAN loves the Dog be-cause he''ll stay To your sur-round-ings ev-er-y-where; id = 37221 author = Hertwig, Oscar title = The Biological Problem of To-day: Preformation Or Epigenesis? The Basis of a Theory of Organic Development date = keywords = Hertwig; Naegeli; Roux; Weismann; cell; character; development; different; division; egg; form; organism; theory summary = In the course of a series of divisions the eight cells come to form finally, each different kind of cell in the whole body contains a specific first cleavage of the egg-cell become different, so that the one contains these organs--determined by the number of cells composing them--depend upon ''cannot _become_ different in the cells of the fully formed organism; the otherwise the different products of the division of the egg-cell could not masses of cells which grow into organs of definite form and of complex body cell-groups, which may give rise to complex organs in unnatural single-celled organisms exhibit only doubling division, as by that alone development nor upon the characters of the cells (fixed germplasm, represent characters of the adult due to groups of cells and organisms, he influences, as determined by the whole organism, and only by the cell Both cases--the course of the development of the egg-cell into a man, and id = 40701 author = Hibberd, Shirley title = The Book of the Aquarium and Water Cabinet or Practical Instructions on the Formation, Stocking, and Mangement, in all Seasons, of Collections of Fresh Water and Marine Life date = keywords = Actinia; Aquarium; BOOK; CHAPTER; Edition; Mr.; Rev.; cloth; creature; fish; form; glass; good; history; illustration; like; plant; price; tank; time; vessel; water summary = How to stock a Tank quickly--Selection of Plants--Water marine and fresh-water tanks in my lately published work, _Rustic aquarium is not a mere cabinet of specimens; it is a water garden in of fishes in a vessel of water, _growing plants_ of a suitable kind, Hence, in a vessel containing water plants in a state of healthy growth, noticed, namely--when a tank is properly stocked, the water soon gets _Rectangular Tanks._--Any vessel that will hold water may be quickly aquarium usually insist on the use of river water, but in many places My fresh-water tanks I find to prosper best when placed _Objections to Mollusks._--In a highly ornamental tank, water-snails may The live stock should be removed by means of a hand-net, the water drawn tank, in which there was not a single drop of natural sea water. vessel was to be seen stocked with fresh water fishes or marine objects, id = 19192 author = Hodge, Charles title = What is Darwinism? date = keywords = Creator; D.D.; Darwin; Darwinism; Dr.; God; Haeckel; Huxley; Mr.; Professor; Spencer; Wallace; man; nature; theory summary = Scriptural doctrine accounts for the spiritual nature of man, and meets his book on "Natural Selection," to prove that the organs of plants and 4. To account for the existence of matter and life, Mr. Darwin admits a As Natural Selection which works so slowly is a main element in Mr. Darwin''s theory, it is necessary to understand distinctly what he means by the term Natural Selection, in order to mark its relation to man''s variety of structure in plants and animals is due to the law of natural Origin of Species," he says, "that when he first read Mr. Darwin''s book, animals below man, maintains that natural selection must, even in their Haeckel says that Darwin''s theory of evolution leads inevitably to of God from the works of nature, endangered faith in that great doctrine what Mr. Darwin says natural selection has done. To banish design from nature, as is done by Darwin''s theory, is, id = 41812 author = Holmes, E. Bruce title = Variation in the Muscles and Nerves of the Leg in Two Genera of Grouse (Tympanuchus and Pedioecetes) date = keywords = III; INDIVIDUAL; Pedioecetes; Tympanuchus summary = The posteriormost branch of this division passes between Mm. ambiens and vastus medialis, giving twigs to the lateral surface of M. A twig comes off the medial surface of the tibial nerve near the distal fused with, the common tendon of origin of the lateral heads of Mm. flexor perforatus digiti IV and flexor perforatus digiti II, superficial INDIVIDUAL VARIATION.--The anterior edge (in one leg the entire muscle) tendinous to the ventral edge and the deep surface of the tendon of pars or two branches of the medial division of the tibial nerve pass deep to flexor perforatus digiti III; deep surface fused to medial edge of the tibial nerve penetrates the medial surface of the proximal end of common tendon of origin of medial heads of Mm. flexor perforatus digiti INDIVIDUAL VARIATION.--In one leg, the proximal end of the lateral head INDIVIDUAL VARIATION.--In one leg, the proximal end of the distal head id = 15491 author = Hooke, Robert title = Micrographia Some Physiological Descriptions of Minute Bodies Made by Magnifying Glasses with Observations and Inquiries Thereupon date = keywords = Air; Animal; Blue; Bodies; Cylinder; Earth; Fly; Glass; Hypothesis; Iron; Microscope; Moon; Nature; Observ; Phænomena; Pipe; Plant; Red; Scheme; Sea; Silk; Sun; Water; Wood; Yellow; body; colour; experiment; figure; insect; object; observation; ray; vegetable summary = of _water_ to some other _solid Bodies_) of this kind we may observe that for taking a small Wine-glass, or such like Vessel, and pouring water means _chymists_ usually cut off the necks of Glass-bodies, by two kinds of First, That all kind of _fiery burning Bodies_ have their parts in motion, refractions, and one reflection, by the surface of the round body, we shall colour''d bodies and several kinds of tinctures or ting''d liquors, all and such like minute bodies, or steams, are observ''d to tinge a very great the circumstances of such kind of Figur''d bodies, will, I think, have great substances, may produce various kinds of Insects, or Animate bodies: For we observable upon divers kinds of _putrify''d_ bodies, whether Animal Air, or a small _atome_ almost of water or liquor, and a little heat to and other kinds of Gnats, was placed a small body, N, much resembling a id = 47990 author = Hudson, W. H. (William Henry) title = The Land''s End: A Naturalist''s Impressions In West Cornwall, Illustrated date = keywords = Bay; Cornwall; End; England; Ives; Land; Penzance; St.; West; bird; chapter; cornish; day; good; great; gull; illustration; like; little; man; old; people; place; sea summary = in a people who have little or no regard for birds generally. hide their nests, big and little, in the dense furze bushes: he in like One brilliant spring-like day in midwinter I came upon an old man on the That half-reclaimed district, especially the strip of coast from St. Ives Bay to Cape Cornwall, was a good winter hunting ground, and I spent _The rocky forelands--Delightful days--Colour of the sea--Wild-bird I was a little like the gulls in my habits: on fine days the cliffs and It was like a starling''s winter roosting-place, and the birds must have the coast from St. Ives to Land''s End or to Mount''s Bay. Not a furze clump, nor stone hedge, nor farm building, nor old ruined that large numbers of the birds had appeared at the Land''s End towards bird-killing appears like an instinct as well as a pastime, having come id = 60041 author = Hudson, W. H. (William Henry) title = Hampshire Days date = keywords = England; Forest; Gilbert; Hampshire; Itchen; July; June; New; Priors; Selborne; White; Wolmer; bird; british; dark; day; insect; life; like; little; sidenote; small; tree; water; young summary = Best of all (for the birds) were the small old half-ruined outhouses ground, or in the water, and are no more seen by the old birds. The power to feel pain in any great degree comes into the bird''s life small passerine bird with a spot of brilliant colour on its plumage, One day I sat down near a hedge, where an old half-dead oak stood life--Insects in visible nature--The humming-bird hawk-moth and the life--Insects in visible nature--The humming-bird hawk-moth and the sitting on a green leaf in the sun and looking like a small, very birds--Coots--Moor-hen and nest--Little grebes'' struggles--Male birds--Coots--Moor-hen and nest--Little grebes'' struggles--Male While this was going on a second young bird had been on the old nest distance like great white flies against the wall of black-green trees Gilbert White''s day--"Wild musk"--Bird life on the downs--Turtle-dove Gilbert White''s day--"Wild musk"--Bird life on the downs--Turtle-dove id = 39969 author = Hunter, George W. (George William) title = A Civic Biology, Presented in Problems date = keywords = Agriculture; American; Biology; Book; Botany; Civic; Company; Darwin; Department; Health; Hunter; Laboratory; Life; Macmillan; New; ORDER; Physiology; Problems; States; United; York; animal; blood; body; cell; food; form; illustration; insect; live; man; plant; tree; water; work summary = Plants furnish man with the greater part of his food in the form conditions in their surroundings in order to live: water, air, food, a All Animals depend on Green Plants.--But insects in their turn are the food _(d) How a plant or animal is able to use its food supply._ _(e) How a plant or animal prepares food to use in various parts all our work with plants and animals that the problem of food supply is the bodies of all animals, including man, starchy foods are changed in a called pitcher plants, use as food the decayed bodies of insects which fall in soil, from the bodies of dead plants and animals, or even from foods and other parts of growing plants useful to man as food. A living plant or animal takes organic food, water, and oxygen Needs of plants and animals: (1) food, (2) water, (3) id = 15429 author = Huxley, Leonard title = Thomas Henry Huxley: A Character Sketch date = keywords = Bible; Darwin; Dr.; Hooker; Huxley; London; Mr.; Origin; Professor; Royal; School; Sir; Society; Tyndall; great; life; man; work; year summary = In this life-long recurrence of suffering he was like his great friend nomenclature, he was led on to read early scientific works published By eight o''clock the seventeen-year-old came to an end; the older man anybody." When Huxley submitted the proofs of _Man''s Place in Nature_ Great as were his class lectures, his working-men''s were Science and her ways are great facts for them--that physical On the proper working of the new Act depended the physical, moral, and Huxley''s work in education was his direct contribution to the social declared: "Then I think Professor Huxley is the best man I in which a great theory should be worked out, they thought that the Huxley thereupon examined the works of the learned to give his time and influence to help any man who was working for the and administering the great scientific societies, in their work for id = 16136 author = Huxley, Thomas Henry title = American Addresses, with a Lecture on the Study of Biology date = keywords = Biology; Milton; animal; bird; evidence; form; great; history; hypothesis; natural; nature; present; time summary = into existence at no great distance of time from the present; and that existing animals and plants are taken by other forms, as numerous and indications of the existence of terrestrial animals, other than birds, period as four thousand years, no form of the hypothesis of evolution animals which are so closely allied to existing forms that, at one time, remains, and present the appearance of beds of rock formed under of organic remains in a deposit, that animals or plants did not exist at tertiary rocks; but, so far as our present knowledge goes, the birds of The horse is in many ways a remarkable animal; not least so in the fact we find animals which are extremely like horses--which, in fact, are so so far as our present knowledge extends, the history of the horse-type five great modifications of the animal form; and the like is true in id = 2089 author = Huxley, Thomas Henry title = On the Reception of the ''Origin of Species'' date = keywords = Darwin; Evolution; Lamarck; Lyell; Mr.; Origin; Species summary = And with respect to that theory of the origin of the forms of life biological sciences are studied, the ''Origin of Species'' lights the Evolution were fabricated by Darwin; and the ''Origin of Species'' has the new theory respecting the origin of species first became known to allied species, supposing for this purpose a very long period of time." species of animals and plants did originate in that way, as a condition account for the origination of all past and present species of living pithecoid origin of man involved in Lamarck''s doctrine, he observes:-Lyell meant natural causation; and I see no reason to doubt (The creation and extinction of species, out of the common course of nature; present day, which has not existed from the time that philosophers the universality of natural causation assumed by the man of science. Newton''s ''Principia,'' is Darwin''s ''Origin of Species.'' id = 2921 author = Huxley, Thomas Henry title = The Present Condition of Organic Nature Lecture I. (of VI.), "Lectures to Working Men", at the Museum of Practical Geology, 1863, on Darwin''s Work: "Origin of Species" date = keywords = Fig; Horse; animal; matter summary = matter; we must endeavour to look into the foundations of living Nature, be the upper part of the animal--that great mass of bones that we spoke off by all living beings, in the form of organic matters, are constantly with the plant, of the organic with the inorganic world, which is shown organic life from inorganic matters, and as constant a return of the matter of living bodies to the inorganic world; so that the materials supporting the masses of flesh and the various organs forming the living that you see, this living animal, this horse, begins its existence as to those conditions of inorganic matter in which its substance But, as you know, horses are not the only living creatures in the world; same organs that I have already shown you as forming parts of the Horse. from the inorganic world, but that the forces of that matter are all of id = 2922 author = Huxley, Thomas Henry title = The Past Condition of Organic Nature Lecture II. (of VI.), "Lectures to Working Men", at the Museum of Practical Geology, 1863, on Darwin''s Work: "Origin of Species" date = keywords = animal; deposit summary = multiplicity of the forms of animal life, great as that may be, may be deposits itself above it, and forms another layer, and in that way you gradually have layers of mud constantly forming and hardening one above that the different beds shall be older at any particular point or spot question--is this, the sea-bottom on which the deposit takes place is many times, it follows that the thickness of the deposits formed at any mud, and beds, or strata, are being as constantly formed, one above the of limestones in which such fossil remains of existing animals are other animals existing in the sea, the shells of which form exceedingly case, but even when animal remains have been safely imbedded, certain of these orders of animals have lived at a former period of the world''s different beds through which I passed the remains of animals which I id = 2923 author = Huxley, Thomas Henry title = The Method by Which the Causes of the Present and Past Conditions of Organic Nature Are to Be Discovered; the Origination of Living Beings Lecture III. (of VI.), "Lectures to Working Men", at the Museum of Practical Geology, 1863, on Darwin''s Work: "Origin of Species" date = keywords = air; hypothesis; man summary = ORGANIC NATURE ARE TO BE DISCOVERED.--THE ORIGINATION OF LIVING BEINGS phenomena of Organic Nature, I must now turn to that which constitutes same way, the man of science replies to objections of this kind, by walk to a knowledge of the origin of organic nature, in the same way causes of the phenomena of organic nature, or, at any rate, setting out that a general law, that all hard and green apples are sour; and that, second general law that you have arrived at in the same way is, that other way than by a man''s hand and shoe, the marks in question have been by the natural probabilities of the case, and if you will be kind enough to four forms: one a kind of animal or plant that we know nothing about, same kind of infusion, and left one entirely exposed to the air, and id = 2924 author = Huxley, Thomas Henry title = The Perpetuation of Living Beings, Hereditary Transmission and Variation Lecture IV. (of VI.), "Lectures to Working Men", at the Museum of Practical Geology, 1863, on Darwin''s Work: "Origin of Species" date = keywords = case; tendency; variation summary = The cases of asexual perpetuation are by no means so common as the cases of sexual perpetuation; and they are by no means so common in This tendency to variation is less marked in that mode of propagation the experiment in each case, the offspring is entirely different in great extent; but this second cause of variation cannot be considered his notice of a variation in the form of a human member, in the person fingers upon each hand, and the like number of toes to each of his feet. the present, I mention only these two cases; but the extent of variation tendency to variation; the third was Andre; he had five fingers and five We have in this case a good example of nature''s tendency to the let me now point out what took place in the case of Seth Wright''s sheep, variation distinct from the original stock, and make them breed id = 2925 author = Huxley, Thomas Henry title = The Conditions of Existence as Affecting the Perpetuation of Living Beings Lecture V. (of VI.), "Lectures to Working Men", at the Museum of Practical Geology, 1863, on Darwin''s Work: "Origin of Species" date = keywords = case; plant; specie summary = be as different in their structure from the original stock as species There is no doubt that breeds may be made as different as species in to this in the different races known to be produced by selective in the case of distinct species; then you have, as the result of their which have been developed by selective breeding from varieties to return noticed the great differences in these breeds, that if, among any of important one--is this: Does this selective breeding occur in nature? same thing--that varieties exist in nature within the limits of species, As to the first point, of varieties existing among natural species, I animal may vary in nature; that varieties may arise in the way I have animal or a plant lives or grows; for example, the station of a fish as a matter of fact, that for every species of animal or plant there id = 2926 author = Huxley, Thomas Henry title = A Critical Examination of the Position of Mr. Darwin''s Work, "On the Origin of Species," in Relation to the Complete Theory of the Causes of the Phenomena of Organic Nature Lecture VI. (of VI.), "Lectures to Working Men", at the Museum of Practical Geology, 1863, on Darwin''s Work: "Origin of Species" date = keywords = Darwin; Mr.; hypothesis summary = ORIGIN OF SPECIES," IN RELATION TO THE COMPLETE THEORY OF THE CAUSES OF objections which have been made to the ''Origin of Species.'' Mr. Darwin, hypothesis, having supposed cause for the phenomena in question, we must causes of the phenomena exist in nature; that they are what the known causes are competent to produce those phenomena. the supposed cause existed in nature, because it was competent to phenomena of organic nature, past and present, result from, or are do these supposed causes of the phenomena exist in nature? fact that in nature these properties of organic matter--atavism and rock-pigeon, as the members of any great natural group have with a real if you accept Mr. Darwin''s hypothesis, and see reason for believing that of organic nature which has preceded the one which now exists, presents that the structural differences between man and the lower animals are of id = 2929 author = Huxley, Thomas Henry title = The Origin of Species From ''The Westminster Review'', April 1860 date = keywords = Ancon; Darwin; Maillet; Mr.; Nature; animal; great; specie summary = the nature of the objects to which the word "species" is applied; but it group of animals, or of plants, a species, we may imply thereby, either animals are really of different physiological species, or not, seeing many natural species are either absolutely infertile if crossed with produced in the same way, the groups are races and not species. others produced in the same way, they are true physiological species. species goes, is, that there are such things in Nature as groups of ever exhibits, when crossed with another race of the same species, those or stocks, the doctrine of the origin of species is obviously not of structural plan exhibited by large groups of species differing very The objections to the doctrine of the origin of species by special permanent races and then into new species, by the process of ''natural characters exhibited by species in Nature, has ever been originate id = 2930 author = Huxley, Thomas Henry title = Criticisms on "The Origin of Species" From ''The Natural History Review'', 1864 date = keywords = Darwin; Kolliker; Mr.; Professor summary = In the course of the present year several foreign commentaries upon Mr. Darwin''s great work have made their appearance. "Darwin," says Professor Kolliker, "is, in the fullest sense of the The teleological general conception adopted by Darwin is a mistaken according to general laws of Nature, and may be either useful, or Darwin''s Theory will do for the organic world. conditions in which it is found; for the Darwinian an organism exists Kolliker''s conception of Mr. Darwin''s hypothesis. "If Darwin is right, it must be demonstrated that forms may be produced "The existence of general laws of Nature explains this harmony, even if explained by the "existence of general laws of Nature." Mr. Darwin endeavours to explain the exact order of organic nature which exists; influence of a general law of development, the germs of organisms which we term the "conditions of existence," is to living organisms. non-existent: and, as Darwin "imagina" natural selection, so Harvey id = 2931 author = Huxley, Thomas Henry title = Evidence as to Man''s Place in Nature date = keywords = Battell; Chimpanzee; Dr.; Gibbons; Gorilla; Mr.; Orang; Pongo; Savage; ape summary = Linnaeus knew nothing, of his own observation, of the man-like Apes of figure of a young "Man of the Woods," or true Orang-Utan, given in he became possessed of an adult Asiatic man-like Ape--the first and the man-like Ape, and with the adult of an Asiatic species--while the Orang, it also became established that the only other man-like Apes in says Dr. Savage (using the term Orang in its old general sense) "to discovered of all the great Apes was the long-sought "Pongo" of Battell. other man-like Ape which inhabits these latitudes--the Chimpanzee--is this great man-like Ape, which has had the singular fortune of being man-like apes: their arms are longer in proportion to their bodies than habitation of the Orang, the Chimpanzee, and the Gorilla, present best known man-like Apes, the Gibbons and Orangs; and to make use of the resemble a man more than an ape, taking great care of his feet, so that id = 2937 author = Huxley, Thomas Henry title = Coral and Coral Reefs date = keywords = coral; form; reef summary = The red coral polype perches upon the sea a beautiful little polype, like a sea anemone, and all the skeleton The animals which form coral are scattered over the seas of example of a simple coral reef about the island of Mauritius, which I which the waters of the ocean are breaking upon the coral reef which reef-building corals cannot live in a greater depth of water than about But these are by no means the only sort of coral reefs in the world; on atoll and encircling reefs was built up of precisely the same coral rock reefs could not possibly have been formed there if the level of the sea of these different forms of coral reef was explained at once by the And if you turn to Mr. Darwin''s great work upon the coral reefs, you up in just the same way as those coral reefs which are now forming the id = 5084 author = Huxley, Thomas Henry title = Life and Letters of Thomas Henry Huxley — Volume 1 date = keywords = April; Association; Bishop; British; CHAPTER; College; Darwin; Dr.; Edinburgh; England; Forbes; Government; History; Hooker; Huxley; Institution; January; Jermyn; John; July; London; Lyell; March; Mr.; Natural; November; October; Owen; Place; Professor; Royal; Sir; Society; Street; Sydney; T.H.; Tyndall; man summary = left with the resolution to meet the great man some day on a more equal To-day I had the great pleasure of meeting my old friend Sir John If they go fairly to work I think I shall have a very good chance of Owen is an able man, but to my mind not so great as he thinks influence--which is great--to help any man who is working for the cause. for many a long year to come, and yet my demon says work! the working classes to understand that Science and her ways are great Pray give my kindest regards and best wishes for the New Year to Mrs. Hooker, and tell her that if she, of her own natural sagacity and [These lectures to working men were published in the "Natural History writing "Man''s Place in Nature," I could say with a good conscience that id = 5226 author = Huxley, Thomas Henry title = Life and Letters of Thomas Henry Huxley — Volume 2 date = keywords = April; Association; Board; British; CHAPTER; Commission; Darwin; December; Dohrn; Dr.; February; Foster; Huxley; January; July; June; Kensington; London; Lord; March; Marlborough; Mr.; Mrs.; November; October; Place; President; Professor; Royal; School; Science; September; Sir; Society; South; T.H.; Tyndall; University summary = written to thank Darwin for his new work, "The Descent of Man, and the naval men love Baxter and all his works." [A letter from Dr. Hooker to Sir John Hay ensured him a most hospitable welcome, though I cannot let this day go by without wishing you a happy New Year, and is better, as I shall be able to work up my lectures in peace... This must reach you in time to wish you and yours a happy New Year in The letter from Professor Huxley in the "Times" of this morning As to the working of the law, Huxley referred to it the following year [A good deal of time was taken up in the first half of the year by the From the time of Aristotle to the present day I know of but one man Darwin "Life and Letters" 3 242), and asked Huxley to look over the id = 5799 author = Huxley, Thomas Henry title = Life and Letters of Thomas Henry Huxley — Volume 3 date = keywords = April; Association; British; Century; Collected; College; Darwin; December; Dr.; Eastbourne; Essays; February; Foster; Geological; Hon; Hooker; Huxley; January; John; Journal; June; London; Lord; March; Marlborough; Memoirs; Mr.; Mrs.; Nature; Nineteenth; November; October; Oxford; Place; Professor; Quarterly; Romanes; Royal; Science; Scientific; Sir; Society; T.H.; University; proceeding summary = honour in the world of Science, Letters, and Art. Lord Salisbury smilingly summed up. [Of the two following letters, one refers to the account of Sir J.D. Hooker''s work in connection with the award of the Copley medal; the [The British Association was to meet at Plymouth this year; and Mr. W.F. Collier (an uncle of John Collier, his son-in-law) invited Huxley Club, and considering the hard work of scientific men in these days, Human Inequality, he changed his mind about the Letters to Working Men, On the other hand, the man who is going out in natural science ought to A letter to an old pupil contains reflections upon the years of work to think that men of letters and science who have been of use to the length in a letter to Mrs. Huxley from London on his way back from and a half of letter-writing or working at an essay. id = 6919 author = Huxley, Thomas Henry title = Darwiniana : Essays — Volume 02 date = keywords = America; Charles; Darwin; Harvey; Kölliker; Lamarck; Lyell; Mivart; Mr.; Nature; Origin; Professor; Quarterly; Reviewer; Species; St.; Suarez; Wallace; animal; case; catholic; darwinian; fact; find; footnote; form; great; man; natural; plant summary = "Species originated by means of natural selection, or through the commend this state of mind to students of species, with respect to Mr. Darwin''s or any other hypothesis, as to their origin. In the course of the present year several foreign commentaries upon Mr. Darwin''s great work have made their appearance. "existence of General laws of Nature." Mr. Darwin endeavours to explain the exact order of organic nature which exists; not the mere fact that there is probability in favour of the evolution of man from some lower animal form, Moreover, if the animal nature of man was the result of evolution, so must edition of the _Origin of Species_.] up to the year 1858, when Mr. Darwin and Mr. Wallace published their "Theory of Natural Selection." The present condition of animated nature, until we found that each species took matter of fact, that for every species of animal or plant there are fifty id = 46482 author = Ingersoll, Ernest title = The Mentor: American Naturalists, Vol. 7, Num. 9, Serial No. 181, June 15, 1919 date = keywords = America; Audubon; Burroughs; John; Muir; Nature; New; Thoreau; York; illustration summary = _AMERICAN NATURALISTS_ _John James Audubon_ Here Audubon first had opportunity to study American bird Nine years later, "America''s pioneer naturalist and animal painter" died At Walden Thoreau compiled and wrote two of his best-known books--"A John Muir, "grandest character in Nature literature," died at the age of IN THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY, NEW YORK IN THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY, NEW YORK IN THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY, NEW YORK Ernest Thompson Seton, Nature illustrator and writer, was born in South this author''s books are contributions to natural history. _Author of "Nature''s Calendar," "Wild Life of Orchard and Field," By W.E. Couper, in the American Museum of Natural History, New York] [Illustration: Photograph by courtesy of the American Museum of Natural [Illustration: Photograph by courtesy of the American Museum of Natural [Illustration: Photograph by courtesy of the American Museum of Natural id = 28852 author = Jackson, William B. title = Seventeen Species of Bats Recorded from Barro Colorado Island, Panama Canal Zone date = keywords = April; Island summary = Barro Colorado Island, Panama Canal Zone Seventeen Species of Bats Recorded from Barro Colorado Island, Panama net was placed across the Snyder-Molino Trail at the Termite Cemetery, Six species of bats were recorded from Barro Colorado Island by Nonpregnant female No. 45061 captured on April 3 weighed 11.5 grams; at 9:30 P.M., on April 6, on Barbara Lathrop Trail. Vampyrops helleri Peters.--Male, No. 45095, in net on April 4; weighed Jackson) weighed 10.3 grams and was taken at the Termite Cemetery on May Chiroderma isthmica Miller.--Male No. 45096, April 2; weighed 13.7 No. 45086 taken on evening of April 7, weighed 68.0 grams. Jackson taken on May 6 weighed 53.5 grams and contained one embryo 12 jamaicensis_ in Panamá and possibly on Barro Colorado Island; he is not cit._:421) from Barro Colorado Island, on the basis of other specimens cit._:421) found this bat under the eaves of the laboratory along id = 36286 author = Jameson, E. W. (Everett Williams) title = Natural History of the Prairie Vole (Mammalian Genus Microtus) [KU. Vol. 1 No. 7] date = keywords = County; Kansas; Lawrence; Microtus; prairie; vole summary = The prairie vole (_Microtus ochrogaster_) at Lawrence, Kansas, is Molting voles of the species ochrogaster were trapped in Prairie voles inhabit areas where the dominant plants in summer are _Plants Used for Food by the Prairie Vole_ mites from the prairie vole were collected, counted, and identified. The average number of fleas recorded from live voles _Average Numbers of Fleas on Prairie Voles_[C] [Footnote C: The fleas on the live-trapped voles are all _Ctenophthalmus TABLE 5.--_Monthly Averages of Fleas on Prairie Voles_ Lawrence, the prairie vole was host to both the above mentioned fleas. Lice collected from the prairie vole were all of one species, Lice on the prairie vole are the same species as those found on other commoner mites on the prairie vole. female prairie voles in Douglas County were fecund, as against 59 per occur on the prairie vole in Kansas, occur also on _Microtus id = 29688 author = Janes, Donald W. title = Home Range and Movements of the Eastern Cottontail in Kansas date = keywords = cottontail; home; range summary = The cottontail usually establishes its home range in the area where it cottontails flushed by me in the study area was 80 feet in summer and by cottontails within a single home range area since five to seven cottontail was 1,700 feet from its home range and was headed in the TABLE 1.--HOME RANGES, IN ACRES, OF 18 COTTONTAILS ON THE Left._ Showing increasing size of home range of a female cottontail; in cottontail (Figure 2, upper left) lived in a woodland home range of 4.6 Another cottontail (Figure 3, top part) lived in a woodland home range Overlapping home ranges of four of the many cottontails living on the The home range and movements of the cottontail were studied on a 1,800 feet to return to their home ranges, but one cottontail that On the home range of cottontails. On the home range of cottontails. id = 18629 author = Jefferies, Richard title = Nature Near London date = keywords = June; London; bird; day; english; field; flower; grass; green; hedge; leave; like; look; rise; round; spring; time; tree; water; white summary = among the trees, the song of birds, and comes to have an understanding Yellowish green cup-like leaves are forming upon the brown and drooping Birds which love trees are naturally seen flitting to and fro in the Tall bennets and red sorrel rise above the grass, white ox-eye daisies by years of weather, the green woods near at hand, darkening in the Green all round, the trees and hedges; blue A great hawthorn bush grows on the bank; in spring, white with May; in came, singled his bird, and was gone like the wind, before the whirr of and stroll round the meadows, they are green too, or white in places weed or flag, but a plant with pale green leaves, and looks as if it had grow in their season, water crow''s-foot flowers, flags lie along the shoot; the young leaves of the aspen are white, and the tree as the wind id = 31710 author = Jefferies, Richard title = The Hills and the Vale date = keywords = London; Story; Swindon; Thardover; bird; day; english; field; good; great; gun; jefferie; labourer; land; large; like; little; long; man; mind; nature; place; time; village; work; year summary = like slow Time itself, here this day in our land of steam and like the leaves, the birds gently take their places, till the hedges place, lunched them, let them experiment on little pieces of land, school-house part and parcel of the place, like the cottages, Mary by this time vast changes had taken place, and great extensions had a certain man with a little money purchased a good strip of it, he numbers of villages placed high up above the water-level on the same It should be a place where a working man could come bathing-place, the water-tank, or other things in hand at the time; a great deal of common sense in the labourer, and once let him see The village council coming into contact with this matter is likely at least of their time labouring on their own land, the difficulty Labouring men more and more think simply of work and wages. id = 36949 author = Jefferies, Richard title = Wild Life in a Southern County date = keywords = CHAPTER; Wick; bird; day; field; fly; grass; great; hedge; leave; like; little; long; meadow; near; nest; old; place; rook; round; time; tree; water; way; year summary = spring advances, the birds come for the remaining twigs, of which great spring, before the grass begins to grow long, comes the local blackbird does not often frequent trees; he is a hedge-bird, though Near the ha-ha wall, where the great meadow hedge comes up to the The great meadow hedge--the highway of the birds--where it approaches home-field, opening on the meadow close to the great hedge, the the old birds for some time after they can fly well and follow their Upon approaching, the old bird flies up, circles round, and comes so to prefer places near water, and long after the nesting time is past In old days men used to be on the watch about the time of the great point birds'' nests in hedges or trees, and discover them quicker than that the birds did not really pass through the hedge, but had a nest id = 414 author = Jefferies, Richard title = The Pageant of Summer date = keywords = flower; grass; green; hedge; tree summary = growth pushed back the ranks of hedge parsley in full white flower, which the air lingering among the wood and hedges--green waves and The long grass flowing towards the hedge has reared in a wave against it. hand or yonder a bird darts out just at the level of the grass, hovers a under cover of the long grass; thus hidden, they can leave the shelter of frost crunch on the grass beneath your feet, but the air is without sound the hedge, in the broad-branching trees, in the grass as it swings; all sap moves in the trees, the pollen is pushed out from grass and flower, quivering leaf, the swinging grass, the fluttering bird''s wing, and the the same grasses and green hedges, there is the same blue sky, but did we like the broadcast flowers in the mowing-grass. long grass, the luxury of the leaves, and the song in the very air. id = 6164 author = Jefferies, Richard title = The Life of the Fields date = keywords = London; Luke; Mr.; Roberts; air; bird; book; country; day; field; grass; great; green; leave; like; little; long; look; man; place; time; tree; water; wood summary = air, living things are coming forth to breathe in every hawthorn bush. A great beech tree with a white mark some way up the trunk stood in the white mark looked like a ghostly figure emerging from the dark hedge brook like the grass and birds. cannot be inked in; it is like the green and blue of field and sky, of faint line of hills, a dark cloud-like bank in the extreme distance. times the bird swept round, never so much as moving his wings, till now stems of furze began to shoot, looking at a little distance like moss up ten feet high, like, sapling trees, and flowers at the top, golden like to roam about the fields and woods, and some of them travel long rush by with a sound like a flock of birds whose wings beat the air. Reading such a book is like coming to a hill id = 6981 author = Jefferies, Richard title = The Open Air date = keywords = Brighton; February; Guido; London; Thames; Wheat; bird; colour; day; field; flower; great; green; leave; light; like; little; look; man; place; time; tree; water; work summary = ran and filling the air with radiance round his brow, looked like a little blue flowers like a lady''s bonnet. such a long way off it sounded like a watch when it is covered up. thousand years long forwards, and makes the sun so warm, and the air so branch, and then some way up, and round again till it came to a place that little Guido lived to grow up a great man, and he worked so hard, time; not the old green, but a novel hue and spectacle, like the first of the pier are covered with green, like a wall-painting to the surface wild flower and green thing, drops lit with the sun, and falling to the mind rises, and good-looking women who would be admired in other places natural history, at work every day, can clear a long stretch of river id = 7030 author = Jefferies, Richard title = Field and Hedgerow: Being the Last Essays of Richard Jefferies date = keywords = England; London; Sunday; bird; book; come; country; day; english; field; good; great; green; house; leave; life; like; little; look; man; old; place; round; summer; thing; time; tree; way; wind; work; year summary = little pebble and the great sun overhead--millions of miles away: yet is naturally, therefore, when I began to think I would like to know a little the colour of air it needs great space like this--a vastness of concavity rush like a sudden thought the white-barred eave-swallows came down the made frequent observations, and at times would let a labouring man look Dim memories of old days come crowding round me, invisible of old time the Greeks went round from house to house in spring singing great beeches begin, true woodland trees, and somehow more forest-like like black oak in old houses. Here is great and good work like that its long ears of leaves for New Year''s Day. They would all come out in The last line is to come off more trippingly, like an ''aside.'' This old Looking up into the trees on a summer''s day not a bird id = 33558 author = Jenkinson, Marion Anne title = Thoracic and Coracoid Arteries In Two Families of Birds, Columbidae and Hirundinidae date = keywords = Fig; artery; coracoid summary = Thoracic and Coracoid Arteries In Two Families of Birds, Columbidae and Thoracic and Coracoid Arteries In Two Families of Birds, Columbidae and investigated the thoracic and coracoid arteries and their branches in those that are supplied by the thoracic or coracoid arteries or by Coues (1903), Howard (1929), Howell (1937), and Hudson and Lanzillotti to the thoracic, coracoid, and axillary arteries, and leaves the thoracic cavity as the pectoral trunk, dorsal to the area where _Mm. coracobrachialis posterior_ and _sternocoracoideus_ span the angle The coracoid artery (2) arises from the ventral face of the subclavian Between the origin of the coracoid artery from the subclavian, and the The thoracic artery (3) arises from the subclavian opposite the base of main trunk of the thoracic artery to that muscle. from the subclavian, lateral to the origin of the coracoid artery. individual variation in the branches of the coracoid artery (that is to coracoid, thoracic, and pectoral arteries. id = 31240 author = Johnston, Richard F. title = Natural History of the Salamander, Aneides hardii date = keywords = Aneides; salamander summary = The Sacramento Mountains Salamander, _Aneides hardii_ (Taylor), is a salamanders found were in downed Douglas fir logs; some were taken from In winter, salamanders that spent the summer at the surface presumably Table 1.--Numbers of Food Items Found in Stomachs of 16 Specimens Two adult salamanders not included in Table 1 were found, in the course Thirty of the adult _Aneides_ collected were examined for parasites; Table 2.--Occurrence of Parasitic Nematodes in Aneides hardii of immature individuals; the maximum number of adult worms in any one Table 3.--Sex Ratios in Aneides hardii, Total Sample Table 4.--Sex Ratios in Aneides hardii, Adults The data in Table 5 show adult salamanders to outnumber young at each By clutch-size we refer to the number of eggs in laid clusters. Table 6.--Ranges and Mean Values of Clutch-sizes in Salamanders of Two times we found adult female salamanders in the chambers with the egg id = 37210 author = Johnston, Richard F. title = The Breeding Birds of Kansas date = keywords = April; Breeding; County; July; June; Kansas; March; Number; October; September; State; fig; table summary = TABLE 6.--BREEDING BIRDS REACHING DISTRIBUTIONAL LIMITS IN KANSAS other eastern woodland birds occur in western Kansas along riparian common summer resident in southern Kansas, west to Morton County. _Breeding schedule._--Four records of nesting span the period April 21 summer resident in marshes in central and western Kansas, but breeding locally common summer resident in woodland habitats in eastern Kansas. local summer resident in woodland in eastern Kansas. woodland habitats this is a common resident in eastern Kansas, local summer resident in western Kansas, breeding at least east to Cloud (Say).--This species is a common summer resident in western Kansas, in (Linnaeus).--This summer resident is common in eastern Kansas in Eggs are laid in nests of some forty species of birds in Kansas; 39 of species is a common resident in eastern Kansas, west to about the 99th is a local and at times common summer resident in eastern Kansas, in id = 29563 author = Jones, J. Knox title = Geographic Variation in the Harvest Mouse, Reithrodontomys megalotis, On the Central Great Plains And in Adjacent Regions date = keywords = County summary = specimens, concerns the area west of the Missouri River from Kansas and over-all color dorsally in fresh winter pelage in most specimens is May and June in Nebraskan specimens) from winter to summer pelage, and southwestern Kansas and adjacent parts of Colorado and Oklahoma average males, 5 females) from San Juan County, New Mexico, and adjacent Montezuma County, Colorado, are: total length, 140.1 (126-150); (7 males, 6 females) from Bernalillo and Guadalupe counties, New Meade County, southwestern Kansas, are: 147.1 (139-162); 71.3 from El Paso County, to the north, which resemble _aztecus_ in color but for assignment of the specimens from Meade County (and elsewhere in _aztecus_ with specimens of _megalotis_ from southern New Mexico and males, 6 females) from Douglas County, Kansas, are: total length, measurements of 20 adults (14 males, 6 females) from Cherry County, southwestern Nebraska (Hitchcock and Dundy counties) and western Kansas m. dychei_, Douglas County, Kansas id = 30217 author = Jones, J. Knox title = Pleistocene Bats from San Josecito Cave, Nuevo Leon, Mexico date = keywords = San summary = Pleistocene Bats from San Josecito Cave, Pleistocene Bats from San Josecito Cave, Some of the Pleistocene mammals from San Josecito Cave, near Aramberri, portion of the San Josecito material to the University of Kansas for concerns material from San Josecito Cave. tetralophodon_ on a specimen from San Josecito. The San Josecito Cave collections are currently the property of the Los from San Josecito Cave, to Dr. Robert W. _Remarks._--The long-nosed bats from San Josecito Cave do not differ measurements of 22 specimens from San Josecito Cave, followed in The San Josecito specimens average larger than the San Josecito Cave, near Aramberri, Nuevo León, México. under whose direction the fossil materials from San Josecito Cave were _Desmodus stocki_, San Josecito Cave, Nuevo León Pleistocene Soricidae from San Josecito Cave, Nuevo Leon, Kansas Publ., Mus. Nat. The cave of San Josecito, Mexico. Bears from the Pleistocene cave of San Josecito, Nuevo Leon, id = 31136 author = Jones, J. Knox title = Distribution of Some Nebraskan Mammals date = keywords = County; Nebraska summary = University of Nebraska State Museum (NSM). from a line connecting Perch, Rock County, Nebraska, with Wall Lake, County, along the Loup River, a tributary of the Platte from the north. approximately to Nebraska City, Otoe County. f. fuscus_ from eastern Nebraska (Cass and Sarpy counties), this County, on October 10, 1953, provides the only museum specimen of a westward along the Platte River Valley from Kearney, Buffalo County whereas a specimen from Randolph, Fremont County, Iowa (NSM) does. counties of Kansas adjoining the southwestern part of Nebraska. from eastern Nebraska, a juvenile from Webster County and an adult from specimen from Webster County referred to by Glass and agree that it is however, another specimen from there, two others from Lancaster County, MOUSE.--This subspecies occurs in eastern and central Nebraska (see in Nebraska, recording specimens from several localities in Lancaster Notes on mammals from Richardson County, Nebraska. id = 31224 author = Jones, J. Knox title = Geographic Distribution of the Pocket Mouse, Perognathus fasciatus date = keywords = County; Perognathus summary = Geographic Distribution of the Pocket Mouse, Perognathus fasciatus [_fasciatus_] Wied-Neuwied in eastern Montana and Wyoming and adjacent parts of North and South Dakota, and _Perognathus fasciatus infraluteus_ Later, Cary (1911:61) described _Perognathus fasciatus litus_ (2) specimens from eastern Wyoming and adjacent parts of Montana, South Specimens from the Museum of Natural History, University DAKOTA: _Todd County_: Minichaduza River, 2 (USBS); Rosebud Agency, =Perognathus fasciatus olivaceogriseus= Swenk eastern Wyoming and adjacent parts of South Dakota and Nebraska. _Perognathus fasciatus infraluteus_, geographically adjacent to the topotypes of _Perognathus fasciatus litus_, geographically adjacent to topotypes of _Perognathus fasciatus callistus_, _P. Springs County_: Kirby Creek, 5000 ft., 1 (USBS). _Remarks._--For comparisons with _Perognathus fasciatus olivaceogriseus_ =Perognathus fasciatus litus= Cary _Perognathus fasciatus litus_ Cary, Proc. From _Perognathus fasciatus callistus_, specimens are paler than those of any other subspecies of _fasciatus_ =Perognathus fasciatus callistus= Osgood f. callistus_ from Sweetwater County, Wyoming, with adult f. callistus_, Sweetwater County, Wyoming id = 31325 author = Jones, J. Knox title = An Annotated Checklist of Nebraskan Bats date = keywords = Myotis; Nebraska summary = The first mention of bats in Nebraska possibly was by Harrison Allen, none of the bats collected by Cooper now exists in the United States the present state of Nebraska in the summer and autumn of 1857 and, collected in Nebraska; but since Allen listed no exact localities or Subsequently, Swenk (1915:854) reported _Myotis lucifugus the number of species and subspecies of bats reported from the state. University of Nebraska State Museum, Dr. Otis Wade, _Myotis keenii septentrionalis_, Miller and Allen, Bull. _Distribution in Nebraska._--Known from a single record in This specimen was sent to Swenk at the University of Nebraska 180 of these bats in northern Sioux County in the summer of 1944. _Distribution in Nebraska._--Known from limestone quarries _Distribution in Nebraska._--Known from limestone quarries _Distribution in Nebraska._--Eastern part of state. State Mus., 5; Univ. Notes on some bats from Nebraska and Wyoming. Say''s bat in Nebraska. id = 31674 author = Jones, J. Knox title = Comments on the Taxonomic Status of Apodemus peninsulae, with Description of a New Subspecies from North China date = keywords = Apodemus; USNM summary = Apodemus peninsulae, with Description Comments on the Taxonomic Status of Apodemus peninsulae, with Description of a New Subspecies from North China (1951:566) have arranged _peninsulae_ as a subspecies of _Apodemus specimens of _peninsulae_ available to me from central and southern The type specimens of _Apodemus praetor_ Miller (type from Sungari _nigritalus_, like _peninsulae_, as a subspecies of _flavicollis_. _peninsulae_, especially in summer pelage when _praetor_ lacks the subspecies of _Apodemus sylvaticus_. In China the extent of the distribution of _Apodemus peninsulae_ is also The western limits of the geographic range of _Apodemus peninsulae_ are Apodemus peninsulae sowerbyi, new subspecies _Apodemus peninsulae nigritalus_, Tapucha, Altai Mts., Siberia _Apodemus peninsulae praetor_, Sungari River, 60 mi. _Apodemus peninsulae sowerbyi_, Kuei-hau-cheng, Shansi From _Apodemus peninsulae From _Apodemus peninsulae From _Apodemus peninsulae _Apodemus peninsulae_, then, is known or suspected to occur over much of _Apodemus peninsulae nigritalus_ Hollister, 1913 _Apodemus peninsulae praetor_ Miller, 1914 _Apodemus peninsulae sowerbyi_ Jones, 1956 id = 31679 author = Jones, J. Knox title = North American Yellow Bats, ''Dasypterus,'' and a List of the Named Kinds of the Genus Lasiurus Gray date = keywords = Dasypterus; Florida; Lasiurus; Texas; USNM summary = hoary bat, all belonging to the genus _Lasiurus_ Gray, also occur only the North American populations; Thomas named _Dasypterus ega xanthinus_ The larger of the two North American species was named _Lasiurus _Lasiurus floridanus_ (Miller), type from Lake Kissimmee, type locality and from other localities in México differ from specimens pointed out that specimens from Baton Rouge, Louisiana, averaged larger forearm for specimens of the species _Lasiurus intermedius_.] Probably bats of the species _Lasiurus intermedius_ seek retreats bats of the species _Lasiurus ega_ from farther north as most authors 473), the yellow bats, _Lasiurus ega_ (Gervais) and _Vespertilio lasiurus_ Schreber, 1781, type locality, North _Lasiurus ega xanthinus_ (Thomas), 1897, type from Sierra Laguna, Baja _Lasiurus ega fuscatus_ (Thomas), 1901, type from Río Cauquete, _Lasiurus intermedius floridanus_ (Miller), 1902, type from Lake _Lasiurus intermedius insularis_ Hall and Jones, 1961, type from New locality records for Texas bats. The Florida yellow bat, _Dasypterus floridanus_. id = 31316 author = Judd, John W. (John Wesley) title = The Coming of Evolution: The Story of a Great Revolution in Science date = keywords = Darwin; Evolution; Geological; Geology; Hutton; Huxley; Ibid; Lyell; Origin; Principles; Scrope; Society; Species; Vol; Wallace summary = Scrope, Wallace, Lyell and Darwin--and, with some of them, I was long on Lyell at a time when he was still unacquainted with Hutton''s works, and The most important influence of Lyell''s great work is seen, however, in How Lyell''s first volume inspired Darwin with his passion for geological referring to it as ''Lyell''s grand work on the _Principles of Geology_, All through his life, Darwin, like Lyell, showed a positive Darwin''s mind towards the great problem that came to be the work of his from the great work of Lyell'' he thought ''some valuable conclusions great influence exercised by Lyell and his works on Darwin--an influence For a time there was hesitation, as Darwin''s correspondence with Lyell Both Lyell and Darwin insisted that geology is a work with Lyell at Geological Society, 105; great influence of Lyell''s works on Darwin and Evolution, 150; Slavery, views of Lyell and Darwin, 76 id = 28874 author = Kelson, Keith R. title = Comments on the Taxonomy and Geographic Distribution of Some North American Rabbits date = keywords = Sylvilagus summary = Sylvilagus floridanus similis Nelson _Sylvilagus floridanus similis_ Nelson, Proc. cit._:174) listed the following specimens under the western subspecies, longer; rostrum narrower; posterior extension of supraorbital process Topotypes of _Sylvilagus nuttallii pinetis_ and other specimens Specimens from the following localities in Arizona are referable to The specimens listed above include those that Nelson (N. these same specimens of _Sylvilagus floridanus holzneri_. floridanus_ and _Sylvilagus nuttallii_, as Nelson (_op. Sylvilagus floridanus cognatus Nelson We have examined the specimens recorded by Nelson (N. to the population of _Sylvilagus floridanus_ in the Datil Mountains. Nelson had specimens. County, Texas." Our examination of the skull of this specimen _Sylvilagus audubonii neomexicanus_ Nelson, Proc. _Sylvilagus audubonii cedrophilus_ Nelson an adult female, skin with Nelson to refer the specimen to _S. which suggest that the specimen is anything other than _Sylvilagus comment, under _Sylvilagus audubonii cedrophilus_ Nelson, a skin with We identify the specimen from San Diego as _Sylvilagus id = 31089 author = Kelson, Keith R. title = The Subspecies of the Mexican Red-Bellied Squirrel, Sciurus aureogaster date = keywords = Sciurus summary = aureogaster hypopyrrhus_ Wagler, and _Sciurus aureogaster frumentor_ aureogaster_, and other specimens from the same localities to _S. Tamaulipas, closely resemble Cuvier''s figure of the type, Nelson Miniatitlan, Veracruz, was designated by Nelson as the type locality that subspecies fitted so well certain of Nelson''s specimens from that of middle." _Sciurus aureogaster_ varies greatly in intensity of color at the places of origin of certain specimens which in color fit the regard the name _Sciurus aureogaster hypopyrrhus_ Wagler as a synonym _aureogaster_." I have examined 22 specimens from Jico, 7 from Las frumentor_ is found also in the three specimens from San Carlos and 2. _Sciurus aureogaster frumentor._] _Sciurus aureogaster hypopyrrhus_ Nelson, Proc. Specimen No. 51383 Chicago Mus. Nat. SCIURUS AUREOGASTER FRUMENTOR Nelson _Sciurus aureogaster frumentor_ Nelson, Proc. localities, both in Veracruz, are: Above Las Vigas; Jico. The specimens in the University of Kansas Museum of Natural id = 33578 author = Kelson, Keith R. title = Comments on the Taxonomy and Geographic Distribution of Some North American Rodents date = keywords = Amer; Thomomys summary = cit._:75) referred three specimens from Glacier Basin, on seen from the cranial measurements recorded above, specimens from Mt. Rainier, although intermediate between the two subspecies just townsendii cooperi_ specimens that he examined from Yocolt, a place well cit._) referred other specimens, that he did not examine, from Mt. St. cit.) had listed the specimens from the three mentioned localities as not examined any other specimen of the species _Tamias townsendii_ so us to refer the specimen from Hood River to _Tamias townsendii cooperi_ resemblance in color between specimens from the Olympic Mountains and The geographic arrangement of these referred specimens specimens from San Antonio, Baja California, to _Thomomys bottae arches, we refer the specimens from San Antonio to that subspecies. with specimens of _Thomomys bottae juarezensis_, a subspecies the range (13853-13855 BS) and find the specimens to agree with _Thomomys bottae Fauna, 15:23, August 8, 1899) referred two specimens id = 33710 author = Kelson, Keith R. title = Comments on the Taxonomy and Geographic Distribution of Some North American Marsupials, Insectivores and Carnivores date = keywords = Didelphis; Spilogale summary = identify the specimen as _Didelphis marsupialis etensis_. the geographic range of _virginiana_, we identify the specimens as cit._:173) recorded a specimen as _Didelphis marsupialis_ and our examination of the specimen reveals no characters listed specimens as _Didelphis virginiana_. specimens from Turrialba, Costa Rica) and on basis of color we refer No. 62702 to _Caluromys derbianus pallidus_. Among named kinds of _Blarina brevicauda_, we find these specimens to none of the specimens from the type locality had attained full adult cit._:33) assigned one specimen to the subspecies _Spilogale phenax specimen available to him for the holotype of _Spilogale leucoparia_. other observations on _Spilogale_, are as follows: The type specimen 1932) refers to a specimen ([Male], No. 147252 USBS) from the head of _Spilogale arizonae martirensis_ one specimen ([Female] sad.-yg., _Conepatus mesoleucus mearnsi_ Merriam, and other specimens of the two subspecies we therefore refer the specimen. subspecies we therefore refer the specimen. id = 42591 author = Kirkham, Stanton Davis title = In the Open: Intimate Studies and Appreciations of Nature date = keywords = April; Nature; ant; appear; bird; black; day; leave; life; like; little; mountain; nest; red; sea; small; song; time; tree; voice; wild; wood; world summary = snow-buntings will come swirling over the pasture, like great Now, the days are full of pleasing suggestions because of little birds In the course of ten days, in place of one of the eggs appeared a small song-sparrow has an eye for the wild rose and the yellow warbler for certain the wood birds are of a different temperament from the field day and give voice to their feelings, there appear to be musical Theirs is the most ancient chant of the world--the Song of Sex. Autumn nights are melodious with a voice, which in the distance is so the next day it was made plain enough, for the red ants appeared in a snow lay deep in the glen, a solitary red squirrel appeared and looked voice merely--like Echo haunting the mountain--and no bird at all. Over the gray-green sea the clouds appeared to rest like a id = 36473 author = Klaas, Erwin E. title = Summer Birds From the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico date = keywords = August; Carrillo; Felipe; Female; Isla; July; Pisté; Puerto; male summary = Specimens (5): [Male], 40409 (July 12), and [Female], 40410, ova to Specimens (6): [Male], 40516, testis 4 × 2 mm., [Female], 40519, female taken on August 14 with a moderately enlarged ovary may indicate male taken at Pueblo Nuevo X-can on July 27 and a female from 4 km. of breeding in this species are provided by a female obtained on July A male and two females from Pisté taken on July --Paynter (1955a:192) reported this species breeding in mid-May. A male the male taken on July 21 in an early stage of molt suggests breeding Paynter (1955a:201) presented breeding records for this species from previous breeding record is of a male that was taken on April 29. Specimens taken between July 14 and August 2 were in full breeding A male taken on July 16 was in full breeding Specimens taken in July and August id = 40110 author = Krutzsch, Philip H. (Philip Henry) title = North American Jumping Mice (Genus Zapus) date = keywords = Buff; Co.; Columbia; County; Creek; Hall; Lake; MVZ; NMC; New; Park; River; USBS; Zapus; ochraceous summary = The jumping mice (Genus _Zapus_) are widely distributed over northern 6400 ft., Crater Lake Nat''l Park, Klamath County, Oregon. Both species resemble _Zapus hudsonius_, but differ from it in In _Zapus hudsonius_, new hair appears simultaneously on the anterior In _Zapus princeps_ new hair appears first on the mid-dorsal surface Skulls of Six Age-groups in Specimens of Zapus hudsonius Zapus hudsonius are from Menominee and Keweenaw counties, Michigan, _Linn County_: North Santiam River, 3400 ft., 3 (MVZ). County_: Lakeridge Tract, S end Forest Ave., Lake Washington, 2 (MVZ); E Warm Lake, 7000 ft., Valley County, Idaho; obtained on July 9, 1932, with _Zapus princeps idahoensis_ in color, shape and size of incisive animals are like _Zapus hudsonius alascensis_ in color and in length of coloration and in size and shape of the auditory bullae between _Zapus 4. North American jumping mice (Genus Zapus). 4. North American jumping mice (Genus Zapus). id = 18521 author = Laing, S. (Samuel) title = An Expository Outline of the "Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation" With a Notice of the Author''s "Explanations:" A Sequel to the Vestiges date = keywords = ATLAS; England; Professor; Vestiges; animal; author; creation; earth; form; great; organic; rock; specie; system summary = author the generative process is still in progress, and new worlds are Suppose a planet formed by the author''s process, what kind of a body found to enclose remains of the organic beings, plants, and animals, rocks may be thus said to form a kind of history of the organic earliest forms of animated being of which we have any traces as existing existence of certain humbler forms of life, vegetable and animal, for organism, and land plants became a conspicuous part of the new creation. conclusions of the author of the _Vestiges of Creation_ on the origin of at this stage seems formed on a new pattern--plants as well as animals forms of animal life are found in the lowest fossiliferous rocks, and In almost every form of life, whether animal or vegetable, art animal forms appeared. author''s hypothesis and the need of successive organic creations by a id = 18174 author = Lazell, Frederick John title = Some Winter Days in Iowa date = keywords = Iowa; March; Nature; day; like; river; snow; tree; white; winter; wood summary = cares that infest the day" shall fall like the burden from Christian''s They err who think the winter woods void of life and color. a moment on the broad open flood-plain of the river, the winter fields white ash which is so full of winged seeds that it looks like a mass vase-like form of the white elm; the flaky bark and pungent, aromatic As the day darkens the ghost-like effect of the storm in the woods is stumps of trees become soft white mounds, and the little brook has By the time you have reached the spring the woods are full of life and how very beautiful are the winter trees! The snow is winter''s great gift to states like Iowa. The first bird seen in the woods was a white-breasted nuthatch, of spring half way, and every warm day in March coaxes them a little id = 18227 author = Lazell, Frederick John title = Some Spring Days in Iowa date = keywords = April; June; March; bird; flower; leave; like; white summary = long yellowish-white tassels and look like masses of floss silk among the white-tailed coats, brown shoulders, scarlet napes and the beautiful green leaves and the tinkling notes of tree sparrows, and we hardly know they come into blossom about two days later than the trillium. White or whitish:--Rue-anemone, hepatica, spring beauty, blood-root, In this long list of April flowers--some observers will be able to make open their star-like eyes for a day or two and dot the floor of the woods the little wind flower, with its pretty leaves and solitary white April and early May frosts but now they are coming into their beauty. grow less full and rich and by the time the young birds come he will have the marshy meadows where the white-crossed flowers of the sharp spring to the beauties of the grass; and when the still, sweet morning comes, id = 18249 author = Lazell, Frederick John title = Some Summer Days in Iowa date = keywords = August; July; day; flower; illustration; leave; like; little; old; summer; tree summary = beauty of the world, as the mind and soul strive, like the plants, for Farther out, where the old road leaves the woods, the landscape is belt of grass, flowers, shrubs and small trees till you come to the Curiously beautiful are the sumac''s leaves, showing long leaf-stalks Blue-jays loiter down the old road, making short flights from tree to Summer days are long and joyous, life stretches out before Let me live by the old road among the flowers and the trees, the same friends, for a little time loafing along the old road when the day''s spikenard, with purple stems and big leaves, stood like a sentinel. flowers faded, but its foliage still delicately beautiful, like the now passing by a sloping bank which the gray-leaved golden rod has In the morning of a day, of a summer, or of a life, there seems id = 33862 author = Leduc, Stéphane title = The Mechanism of Life date = keywords = FIG; Lamarck; cell; diffusion; energy; form; growth; illustration; life; liquid; molecule; osmotic; phenomenon; pressure; solution summary = _Osmotic Pressure._--Like the molecules of a gas, the molecules of a solute molecular concentration and osmotic pressure of a solution is by Hence the difference of osmotic pressure of the sugar in the two solutions _Action of Solutions of Different Degrees of Concentration on Living measure the osmotic pressure in a muscle by finding a salt solution in drops, one of water, and one of a salt solution of greater concentration and how liquids subjected only to differences of osmotic pressure diffuse the phosphate solution is placed on the gelatine in the form of a drop, we organic forms by precipitation from inorganic solutions. _Osmotic Membranes._--Certain substances in concentrated solution have the Osmotic growths may be obtained from a great number of chemical substances. solutions of calcium salts, but in this case the osmotic growths are not so osmotic growth played in the evolution of living forms, and what traces of id = 31458 author = Lee, M. Raymond title = Additional Records and Extensions of Known Ranges of Mammals from Utah date = keywords = County; Mountains; Utah summary = River in Utah were from the La Sal Mountains in extreme eastern Grand extend the known area of occurrence of the species in Utah known range approximately 80 miles southward in Utah. from Willow Creek, 25 miles south of Ouray, Uintah County, to _Myotis a specimen from, eastern Utah as far north as, Desert Springs which is the known range of this kind of mammal 50 miles to the west in Utah, Deep Creek Mountains, Tooele County; six miles north of Ibapah, Tooele known range in Utah 50 miles northward, and indicates that the harvest specimens available to Durrant (1952:328) were from one mile east of specimens were available were in northern Wasatch County and southern These latter specimens extend the known range of the red-backed mouse specimens extend the known area of occurrence 175 miles southward in complete specimen (skin and skull) of a mountain sheep from Utah. id = 31574 author = Legler, John M. title = A New Subspecies of Slider Turtle (Pseudemys scripta) from Coahuila, México date = keywords = Ciénegas; Cuatro summary = =Pseudemys scripta taylori= new subspecies SCRIPTA TAYLORI NEW SUBSPECIES. specimen) dark olive; upper surface of each marginal scute having Ground color of plastron pale yellow, anterior half extensively marked _Geographic range._--_Pseudemys scripta taylori_ is known only from ponds, and the Río Chiquito in the basin of Cuatro Ciénegas. _gaigeae_, and _taylori_) the number known in Coahuila. Three specimens of _Pseudemys scripta_ obtained by Robert G. the Río Salado drainage north and east of Cuatro Ciénegas are in a two subspecies (_elegans_ and _taylori_), not including _gaigeae_ (as Fig. 2 in all specimens except that the thin lateral stripe is The postorbital marks of a live specimen of _ornata_ taylori_ and 37 specimens (13 [Female], 24 [Male]) of _P. _Pseudemys scripta taylori_ new subspecies: dorsal view of _Pseudemys scripta taylori_ new subspecies: ventral view of Paratypes of _Pseudemys scripta taylori_ new subspecies: W Cuatro Ciénegas, × 5/6; _Lower right_--KU 46968, male, id = 32140 author = Legler, John M. title = A New Snake of the Genus Geophis From Chihuahua, Mexico date = keywords = Geophis summary = UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS PUBLICATIONS, MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY A New Snake of the Genus Geophis From Chihuahua, Mexico 2. _Geophis aquilonaris_ new species, KU 44265, Head slate-black above, having dim pale mark on anterior part of (excluding band on head) 38 on body, 17 on tail; each white ring belly; black rings three to four and one half scales wide on number of species of the genus known to occur in Mexico and extends the known range of the genus approximately 560 miles northwestward scales are fused on both sides of one specimen (UMMZ 117771) as is PERTAINING TO HOLOTYPE AND PARATYPES OF _Geophis aquilonaris_ | | Sex |Dorsal|Ventrals|Subcaudals|Pale rings|Snout-vent|Length parietals is lacking in two specimens (fused with white band on neck the white rings to be one scale wide (rather than alternately one Of the seven other Mexican _Geophis_ having 15 rows of scales, four species (_cancellatus_, _dugesii_, _chalybeus_, and _semidoliatus_) id = 32817 author = Legler, John M. title = A New Tortoise, Genus Gopherus, From North-central Mexico date = keywords = Gopherus summary = A New Tortoise, Genus Gopherus, A New Tortoise, Genus Gopherus, found that specimens from north-central Mexico belong to an hitherto _Holotype._--U.S. National Museum 61253, adult; stuffed specimen _Paratypes._--USNM 61254, adult, stuffed specimen with skull in adult, stuffed specimen with disassociated skull, Lerdo, Durango, _Diagnosis._--A large tortoise of the genus _Gopherus_, having a _Description of species._--Ground color of carapace pale yellow to _Gopherus flavomarginatus_ new species: _Top_--Dorsal and _Gopherus flavomarginatus_ new species: Dorsal views of 1. _Gopherus flavomarginatus_ new species: 1a and 1. _Gopherus flavomarginatus_ new species: 1a and 1. _Gopherus flavomarginatus_ new species: 1a and species of the genus by its larger size and by having an intergular In large specimens of _agassizii_ and _polyphemus_ living species of _Gopherus_ are summarized in table 2. species of _Gopherus_, although the ranges of _G. _Size._--The largest specimen of _Gopherus flavomarginatus_ (USNM The collector stated that the large tortoises had Studies of the desert tortoise, _Gopherus agassizii_. id = 37566 author = Legler, John M. title = Natural History of the Ornate Box Turtle, Terrapene ornata ornata Agassiz date = keywords = April; County; Damm; FIG; Farm; July; June; Kansas; October; Terrapene; illustration; temperature; turtle summary = regions box turtles are active on a large majority of the days from The relative numbers of box turtles found in different areas on the Growth of ornate box turtles was studied by measuring recaptured body in young box turtles would prevent complete closure of the shell The mean body temperature for active individuals (Fig. 22) is probably The predilection of box turtles for open areas is probably Body temperatures of 64 box turtles that were seeking cover or that Box turtles were never active at body temperatures below 15 degrees individual turtle to survive in the following season of growth and Ornate box turtles are active within a narrower range of temperatures the five year period box turtles were active an average of 162 days The home range of only one turtle, an adult female, was known Individual box turtles tended to remain in small areas for long id = 32505 author = León, Juan R. title = The Systematics of the Frogs of the Hyla Rubra Group in Middle America date = keywords = America; Costa; Hyla; Panamá; Rica summary = _Hyla rubra_ Group in Middle America The Systematics of the Frogs of the _Hyla rubra_ Group in Middle tree frogs (maximum snout-vent length of males of various species 20-49 _Distribution._--The species of the _Hyla rubra_ group range from the individuals from the Caribbean lowlands of Costa Rica, Canal Zone, and America, specimens from the Pacific slopes in Costa Rica have a darker Viejo, Heredia Province, Costa Rica, and from the Canal Zone, Panamá, night, a male from Puerto Viejo, Heredia Province, Costa Rica, was TABLE 2.--Comparison of Mating Calls in the _Hyla rubra_ Group. _Natural History._--_Hyla boulengeri_ inhabits humid lowland tropical TABLE 3.--Sizes of Tadpoles of _Hyla boulengeri_ in Relation to Dunn (1931a:413) first reported _Hyla rubra_ from Central America; he largest finger disc separate these specimens from _Hyla elaeochroa_, a specimens from the Caribbean lowlands of Costa Rica (except Puerto TABLE 6.--Sizes of Tadpoles of _Hyla elaeochroa_ in Relation to id = 58867 author = Locy, William A. (William Albert) title = Biology and Its Makers With Portraits and Other Illustrations date = keywords = Aristotle; Baer; Cuvier; Darwin; Evolution; Galen; Harvey; Huxley; Lamarck; Leeuwenhoek; Linnæus; Malpighi; Müller; Paris; Pasteur; Schwann; Swammerdam; University; Vesalius; Von; Weismann; Wolff; animal; cell; chapter; fig; great; history; illustration; life; theory; work summary = Natural history had a parallel development with comparative anatomy, animals and plants, greatly advanced the subject of natural history. Von Baer, by his studies of the development of animal life, supplied Besides working on the structure and life-histories of animals, by his great work on the development of animals in 1828, before the organization of animal and plant life, he did much to extend the number of studies upon the structure of organisms, both plant and animal, cell-theory into better form, and in 1858 published a work on _Cellular life in animals and vegetables, a work that had general influence life had a great influence in the development of higher animal forms. different kinds of animals and plants, in working out their anatomy and The theory of organic evolution relates to the history of animal and plant life, while Darwin''s theory of natural selection is only one of id = 31235 author = Long, Charles Alan title = Natural History of the Brush Mouse (Peromyscus boylii) in Kansas With Description of a New Subspecies date = keywords = County; Kansas summary = Natural History of the Brush Mouse (Peromyscus boylii) in Kansas With E Sedan, Chautauqua County, Kansas; obtained on December B. ATTWATERI FROM CHEROKEE COUNTY, KANSAS, AND OF The subspecies _Peromyscus boylii attwateri_ is known in the state only the only locality where the brush mouse occurs in that county is on the 1. Distribution of the brush mouse in Kansas. trapping localities from which brush mice were not obtained. In Kansas the brush mouse is confined to systems of cliffs, the faces of approximately 100 feet--on which brush mice are known to occur in Kansas Cowley County the brush mouse was abundant when _P. rodents may have confined the brush mouse ecologically to cliffs. mouse into Kansas, one cannot assume that they alone confined the brush 8. In Kansas the brush mouse is confined to systems of cliffs 9. The brush mouse may be confined to cliffs in part by id = 62790 author = Loring, J. Alden (John Alden) title = Young Folks'' Nature Field Book date = keywords = March; New; North; States; United; american; bird; illustration; insect; nest; note; tree; white summary = nesting-places for another class of birds. In winter meadow mice build neat little nests of dried grass on the Canada bird, is a common, early spring song, now heard in the swamps they do great damage by destroying the eggs and young of birds. black bird fly from the woods to a meadow. woven together, like the nest of a weaver bird. building a nest, but lays its eggs upon the ground among the leaves, It is not always the large winged birds with the light bodies that fly builds a large, bulky nest of dried grass in a bush or low tree. coming from the tall forest trees, for that of a game bird or mammal. Of the birds that build in bushes or small trees, the following are he is charged with robbing nests of their eggs and young birds. In the abandoned birds'' nests that are placed near the ground in shrubs id = 880 author = Lowell, James Russell title = My Garden Acquaintance date = keywords = Mr.; White; bird; day; nest; tree; year summary = It is good for us now and then to converse with a world like Mr. White''s, where Man is the least important of animals. certain birds and the like,--a kind of _memoires pour servir,_ after ago, a cherry-tree, then in full bloom, near my window, was covered on the ground, a flock of cedar-birds comes in mid-winter to eat the "Do _I_ look like a bird that knows the flavor of raw vermin? Dr. Watts''s statement that "birds in their little nests agree," like the tree, in spite of angry protests from the old birds against my garden in blossoming-time, but this year, owing to the long rains early Most people seem to think, the more trees, the more birds. I chance to pass, one of the male birds always accompanies me like a not seen for many years.(1) Of savage birds, a hen-hawk now and then id = 34546 author = Lowery, George H., Jr. title = Additions to the List of the Birds of Louisiana date = keywords = Cameron; Louisiana; November; University summary = The bird collection in the Louisiana State In Cameron Parish, the species has been noted as follows (Lowery, State University Museum of Zoölogy has 19 specimens of _mexicana_ taken in Cameron Parish in April, May, November, December, and January. Thirteen specimens of this species in the Louisiana State University definite winter records for this species, but, in recent years, it has specimen was shot at Cameron on December 5, 1942 (Lowery). December 6, 1942; and one seen, but not taken, near Cameron on November Louisiana State University Museum of Zoölogy. specimens are in the Louisiana State University Museum. The Louisiana State University Museum of Zoölogy now has a series of 21 The first record of the occurrence of this species in Louisiana is that 1943, are in the Louisiana State University Museum. The only winter record for Louisiana is that of a female taken by me at id = 37894 author = Lowery, George H., Jr. title = A Quantitative Study of the Nocturnal Migration of Birds date = keywords = April; FIG; Figure; Gulf; Mr.; Mrs.; Yucatán; bird; density; illustration summary = birds seen against the moon in stated periods of time (Scott, 1881a get all-night telescopic counts of migrating birds. A. LUNAR OBSERVATIONS OF BIRDS AND THE FLIGHT DENSITY CONCEPT A. LUNAR OBSERVATIONS OF BIRDS AND THE FLIGHT DENSITY CONCEPT of flight paths (Figure 10); and the number of birds intercepted vector resultant, but the density figure includes all of the birds The distribution in time of birds seen by a single observer may be vector resultant of all bird flights at this station was N 11° W, and, station density for each of the two nights (5,800 and 6,800 birds, low flight density; twenty-two hours of observation there in March, April, and May yielded a total flight density of only 3,000 birds. directional flight trends of birds, suggesting that most night Observations on the nocturnal migration of birds. 1881_a._ Some observations on the migration of birds. 1881_b._ Migration of birds at night. id = 6335 author = Lyell, Charles, Sir title = The Antiquity of Man date = keywords = Abbeville; Acheul; Alps; America; Amiens; British; Chalk; Crag; Darwin; Dr.; Elephas; England; Europe; FIGURE; France; Geological; Geology; Journal; Lake; London; Man; Mr.; North; Pleistocene; Prestwich; Professor; Rhine; Scotland; Society; Somme; Species; St.; Switzerland; Thames; foot; illustration; number; recent summary = co-existence in ancient times of Man with certain species of mammalia new living species of shells obtained from different parts of the globe period to form so great a thickness as 20 feet. recent species, traced up to a height of 14 feet above the sea by Mr. W.J. Hamilton at Elie, on the southern coast of Fife, is doubtless -PLEISTOCENE PERIOD--BONES OF MAN AND EXTINCT MAMMALIA IN -PLEISTOCENE PERIOD--BONES OF MAN AND EXTINCT MAMMALIA IN It has naturally been asked, if Man co-existed with the extinct species the present valley, we discover an old extinct river-bed covered by no want of bones of mammalia belonging to extinct and living species. remains; but at some points marine shells of Recent species are said to the glacial period, 2000 feet below its present level, and other parts S. Fossil shells of recent species in the drift at this point. id = 31830 author = Lynch, John D. title = Genera of Leptodactylid Frogs in México date = keywords = Eleutherodactylus; Syrrhophus; Tomodactylus summary = Genera of Leptodactylid Frogs in México Genera of Leptodactylid Frogs in México (Smith and Taylor, 1948), six genera of leptodactylid frogs occur in Duellman (1958) and Firschein (1954), and a species of _Tomodactylus_ _Tomodactylus_ and added more species to the genus. eleutherodactyline frogs (_Eleutherodactylus_, _Syrrhophus_, and one species of _Syrrhophus_ lacks the gland. The inguinal glands of _Eleutherodactylus_ and _Syrrhophus_, if _Eleutherodactylus_, but are present and numerous in every species of in _Syrrhophus_ and larger in _Tomodactylus_ and the _Eleutherodactylus Tarsal folds and tubercles are lacking in _Syrrhophus_, _Tomodactylus_, The terminal phalanges of _Syrrhophus_, _Tomodactylus_, and all species of _Eleutherodactylus_, _Syrrhophus_, and _Tomodactylus_ with _Eleutherodactylus_, four _Syrrhophus_, and four _Tomodactylus_), the _Eleutherodactylus_, four _Syrrhophus_, and four _Tomodactylus_), the species in the _Eleutherodactylus augusti_ group are unique in having a The arrangement of the species of _Syrrhophus_ and _Tomodactylus_ _Eleutherodactylus_ (and _Syrrhophus_ and _Tomodactylus_) in the nature The American leptodactylid frog genus _Eleutherodactylus_, id = 37809 author = Lynch, John D. title = A Taxonomic Revision of the Leptodactylid Frog Genus Syrrhophus Cope date = keywords = FMNH; México; Syrrhophus; Taylor; UIMNH; UMMZ summary = A Taxonomic Revision of the Leptodactylid Frog Genus Syrrhophus Cope several species of frogs occurring in Guatemala, México, and Texas. American species in the genus _Syrrhophus_. Smith and Taylor (1948) recognized two species groups of the genus in in so doing added one new species and treated _Syrrhophus verruculatus_ TABLE 1--Species Described as Members of the Genus _Syrrhophus_ but TABLE 2--Species Incorrectly Regarded as Members of the Genus _Syrrhophus_ species (one polytypic) of _Syrrhophus_ in eastern México, Texas, and El TABLE 5--Size and Proportions in the Frogs of the _Syrrhophus longipes_ tubercles in the frogs of the genera _Syrrhophus_ and _Tomodactylus_, Key to the Species of the Frog Genus _Syrrhophus_ _Syrrhophus leprus_ Cope, 1879:268-69 [Holotype.--USNM 10040, from _Syrrhophus petrophilus_ Firschein, 1954:50-52 [Holotype.--UIMNH the species in the genus _Syrrhophus_. _Specimens examined_--(43) MÉXICO, _Hidalgo_: Jacala, UMMZ 106434; 9.6 known for the species of _Syrrhophus_ in western México: _modestus_ and id = 43396 author = Mangin, Arthur title = The Desert World date = keywords = ANIMAL; Africa; Alps; America; Andes; Arabia; Arabs; Arctic; Asia; Australia; Bear; Black; CHAPTER; Cape; Central; Desert; Dr.; Egypt; England; Europe; Flora; France; Gramineæ; Guinea; Indians; LIFE; Lake; Livingstone; Mountains; Mr.; Nature; Negro; New; Nile; North; Ocean; Old; Pampas; Polar; River; Sahara; Sea; Sir; South; Southern; Squirrel; Steppes; VEGETABLE; World; english; european; foot; french; great; illustration; like; long; man; order; tree; water summary = ANIMAL LIFE IN THE PRAIRIES OF THE NEW WORLD--CONTINUED:--BIRDS AND English mountains, to which, like all the north-west coast of France, says,[32] "four varieties: A black one, three feet eight inches long, Ala-Tau mountains west, the Great Wall of China south, and the sea east, north wind into ridges like the waves of the sea, often twelve feet Great trees, divided into beams, resemble long serpents which have Desert appears in North America under a form more like the "seas of year; yet a belief long prevailed that a large sea or fresh-water lake as well as a great number of fruit trees belonging both to tropical and large scale all the most useful fruit trees and vegetables of Europe, VEGETABLE LIFE IN THE FORESTS OF THE GREAT ISLANDS. VEGETABLE LIFE IN THE FORESTS OF THE GREAT ISLANDS. ANIMAL LIFE IN THE VIRGIN FORESTS:--THE GREAT APES. ANIMAL LIFE IN THE VIRGIN FORESTS:--THE GREAT APES. id = 39396 author = Martin, Edwin Perry title = A Population Study of the Prairie Vole (Microtus ochrogaster) in Northeastern Kansas date = keywords = Field; Fitch; House; Kansas; Microtus; Reservation; vole summary = sampling a population of voles and tracing individual histories without reports described an intensive study of the habitat of voles, but the of plants and vole population levels on the two study areas were a larger population of voles than Quarry Field the reverse was true at grasses was established did a population of voles appear on such areas. mean percentage of males in samples from three areas (House Field, mean number of captures per individual per month was 2.31 for females, large numbers of younger voles had been added to the population probably Population densities were ascertained on the study areas by means of the range of a female vole, described above and plotted in Fig. 6, indicated The mean weight of adult voles during the period of study was 43.78 voles were captured 2941 times in 13,880 "live-trap days." For some 6. A population study of the prairie vole (Microtus ochrogaster) in id = 33966 author = Maslin, T. Paul title = Occurrence of the Garter Snake, Thamnophis sirtalis, in the Great Plains and Rocky Mountains date = keywords = Colorado; Mexico; New summary = OCCURRENCE OF THE GARTER SNAKE, THAMNOPHIS SIRTALIS, IN THE GREAT The common garter snake (_Thamnophis sirtalis_) has by far the most different from typical _sirtalis_ in having conspicuous red markings. half of Utah (east of the Wasatch Range), from New Mexico except for Texas, and southeastern New Mexico probably represent localized relict Most specimens of a population of _sirtalis_ occurring in New Mexico _Description._--A specimen in the University of New Mexico dorsolateral area olive-brown with row of black spots on its stripe; crescent-shaped red markings in areas between scale pale specimens of _parietalis_ differ from _ornata_ in not Like most widely ranging subspecies, _parietalis_ and _fitchi_ vary shade of red or pale colored markings on the dorsolateral area; in specimens the dorsolateral black area between the dorsal stripe and These specimens from Colorado also differ from typical _parietalis_ in ventral black spots reduced or absent, these specimens from Colorado, id = 1043 author = McCabe, Joseph title = The Story of Evolution date = keywords = Africa; Age; America; Asia; Australia; B.C.; Chamberlin; Coal; Eocene; Era; Europe; Ice; Jurassic; Mesozoic; Miocene; North; Professor; Tertiary; Triassic; animal; carboniferous; cretaceous; earth; find; great; permian summary = of living nature to-day, that for ages the early organisms had no hard life will be, to a great extent, the story of how animals and plants time little one-celled living units appeared in the waters of the earth, Two groups were developed from the primitive fish, which have great age, when large continents, with great inland seas, existed in North types for freer life, and the earth will pass into a new age. advancing life that a new type of organism has its period of triumph, the evolution of the higher types of land-life. Returning to the water, the primitive insects would develop gills, like The remaining land-life of the Coal-forest is confined to worm-like important preparation of the earth for higher land animals and plants. a period of low-lying land, great sea-invasions, and genial climate, Miocene period there is a great development of the horse-like mammals. id = 33994 author = McCook, Henry C. (Henry Christopher) title = Old Farm Fairies: A Summer Campaign In Brownieland Against King Cobweaver''s Pixies date = keywords = Blythe; Breeze; Brownies; Bruce; CHAPTER; Captain; Ensign; FIG; Faith; Footnote; Governor; Hide; Lawe; Lieutenant; Madam; Note; Nurses; Pipe; Pixie; Raft; Ram; Rodney; Sergeant; Sir; Sophia; Spite; Wille; illustration; true summary = see the nearing end of my studies, and portions of the Brownie-Pixie Sergeant True''s report caused great uneasiness in the Brownie camp as to crowd of Brownies followed a little way behind their officers. I have little fear for my good, brave Brownie friends. The Brownies had now reached a point well to the east of the Pixie camp Pixie camp, houses and fort, and leave the enemy themselves to us." All this time, the conflict was raging between the Brownies and Pixies Hide and his company of Pixies came up to the fort soon after Madam battle with Brownies the Pixies try to come to close quarters. Brownies and Pixies are weary with the day''s battling and sleep well. Spite and Hide saw that Faith''s cry had aroused the Brownies, and pushed Several times the Pixie chiefs turned toward Fort Spinder, hoping to The ground for some distance between the Pixie and Brownie camps id = 32018 author = Merz, Robert L. title = Jaw Musculature of the Mourning and White-winged Doves date = keywords = Dove; Mourning; Zenaida; Zenaidura summary = which includes the White-winged and Zenaida doves, and the genus Kansas): White-winged Doves (_Zenaida asiatica_), 40323, 40324, 40328, of the lower mandible, but in one white-wing the muscle was slightly surface of the lower mandible, lateral to the insertion of _M. Mourning Dove the muscle appears rather slender in dorsal view and in insertion is fleshy on the posterior surface of the lower mandible, insertion is fleshy on the dorsal and lateral surfaces of the mandible investigation are the White-winged Dove, _Zenaida asiatica_, and the expect the jaw muscles of closely related species with similar habits Excluding the beak, skulls of the white-wing and Mourning doves are of 4. Ventral view of lower mandible of Mourning Dove. Dorsal view of the jaw musculature of the Mourning Dove Dorsal view of the jaw musculature of the Mourning Dove Ventral view of the jaw musculature of the Mourning Dove id = 31513 author = Metcalf, Artie L. title = Fishes of the Wakarusa River in Kansas date = keywords = Creek; Sec summary = Fishes of the Wakarusa River in Kansas Fishes of the Wakarusa River in Kansas the Kansas River near Eudora; with its tributaries, the Wakarusa drains RECORD OF STREAM-FLOW, WAKARUSA RIVER 2.1 MI. 9. Drainage ditch, tributary to Wakarusa River, Sec. 18, T. creek having sand bottom; water slightly turbid. Tributary to Rock Creek, Sec. 34, T. riffles; pools having sand and mud bottom; water turbid. Unnamed tributary of Wakarusa River, Sec. 24, T. Tributary of Middle Branch of Wakarusa River, Sec. 29, T. Our data show that the present fish-fauna of the Wakarusa River has mainstream; all of them are common in the Kansas River (_Lepisosteus (3) A group of species having distributions centered in Rock Creek, Rock Creek is the last stream in the Wakarusa Basin in the Wakarusa Basin, have been taken recently only in Rock Creek. that probably occur throughout the lower mainstream of the Kansas River id = 34523 author = Metcalf, Artie L. title = Fishes of Chautauqua, Cowley and Elk Counties, Kansas date = keywords = Arkansas; Big; Caney; Creek; Kansas; Notropis; River summary = Grouse Creek and water was high in Big Caney River after heavy local bubalus_ taken from a tributary of Grouse Creek or of Big Caney River. mouths of two tributaries of Big Caney River: Rock Creek and Otter On Otter Creek (Station C-13) the species was common in shallow bedrock At no station on Big Caney River was the red shiner abundant. stream of the Arkansas and Walnut rivers and in lower Grouse Creek. In Middle Caney Creek the species was rare but in the Elk River (June only in Big Caney River and at the lowermost station on Grouse Creek phoxocephala_ were taken in Big Caney River and Grouse Creek but not in Forty species were taken in Big Caney River, 35 in Grouse Creek and 31 TABLE 5.--SPECIES OF FISHES COLLECTED AND NUMBER OF STATIONS IN were taken, in Grouse Creek 35 species, in the Walnut River main stream id = 44194 author = Metchnikoff, Olga title = Life of Elie Metchnikoff, 1845-1916 date = keywords = Annales; Congress; Dr.; Elie; Ilia; Institute; Kharkoff; Kovalevsky; London; Lycée; Messina; Metchnikoff; Naples; Odessa; Panassovka; Paris; Pasteur; Petersburg; Professor; Roux; Russia; Science; University; Zeit; chapter; great; life; work summary = a German history of Zoology,[2] published just before the Great War. Metchnikoff describes Kovalevsky as a young man, small and timid, with true picture of the life and evolution of Elie Metchnikoff. Panassovka--Metchnikoff''s parents--Country life in Little Russia. Metchnikoff resumed a life of hard work; he was now an _agrégé_ at was not large, Metchnikoff asked Pasteur if he might hope to work in the phagocyte theory made a great impression on Metchnikoff, and, while [24] Hayem, Birsch, Hirschfeld, Kleps, Recklinghausen, Waldeyer, In those words, Metchnikoff ends his book on Human Nature. digestion, Metchnikoff studied the part they play in the organism. For a long time Metchnikoff had been observing himself very The life and work of Elie Metchnikoff are so intimately bound together Thus Elie Metchnikoff had begun by the study of nascent life in Such is also the character of Elie Metchnikoff''s life-work. Natural death, Metchnikoff''s studies of, 237, 280-81 id = 42845 author = Michelet, Jules title = The Sea (La Mer) date = keywords = America; Atlantic; Brittany; CHAPTER; Earth; Europe; France; Maury; North; Ocean; Ross; Saint; Sea; Seal; South; Whale; creature; death; fish; great; life; light; little; love; man; nature; shore; tempest; time; water; world summary = marvellously great and diversified world, of life, love, war, and above the very edge of a cold dark abyss, facing the great sea, and laborious life makes the serious charm, the great moral of the sea. the sea a living force, almost a person, in which the Loving Soul of through one vast white blotch which made the sea look like a great which we find in sea water?" "Nothing else than life," was his reply, All the seas were at first like those parts of the great Pacific rocks, the pools left by the sea contained some little creatures that the sea, but living on the land, will employ his life in endeavoring even in earlier times, the life-giving power of the sea. Let it once be clearly shown that that sea-water, so rich in life, air, the restoring waters of the great restoring Sea. In doing thus id = 37742 author = Minckley, W. L. title = Fishes of the Big Blue River Basin, Kansas date = keywords = Big; Blue; Co.; Creek; Kansas; River; Sec summary = Fishes of the Big Blue River Basin, in the Big Blue River Basin, Kansas. 1. Big Blue River Basin, Kansas and Nebraska.] Streams of the Big Blue River Basin are of three kinds: turbid, For approximately a 50-year period, stream-flow in the Big Blue River STATIONS IN THE BIG BLUE RIVER BASIN, KANSAS, 1958. The earliest records of fishes from the Big Blue River Basin are those 2. Big Blue River at Oketo, Marshall County, Kansas. Kansas, and has found that the Big Blue River is an area of TAKEN, BIG BLUE RIVER BASIN, KANSAS. streams in the Big Blue River Basin, I segregated the fishes into TRAVELLED TO FISH, BIG BLUE RIVER BASIN, KANSAS, 1957 AND 1958. 1. The Big Blue River Basin in northeastern Kansas was studied between 7. Fishes of the Big Blue River Basin, Kansas. 7. Fishes of the Big Blue River Basin, Kansas. id = 20818 author = Mivart, St. George Jackson title = On the Genesis of Species date = keywords = Africa; America; Animals; Darwin; Domestication; Dr.; God; Herbert; Huxley; Ibid; Mr.; Natural; New; Origin; Professor; Selection; Sir; South; Species; Spencer; St.; Wallace; author; darwinian; form; illustration; page; plant summary = St. Hilaire.--Professor Burt Wilder.--Foot-wings.--Facts of pathology.--Mr. James Paget.--Dr. William Budd.--The existence of such an internal power of Admitting, then, organic and other evolution, and that new forms of animals a way as to lead men to regard the present organic world as formed, so to The theory of "Natural Selection" supposes that the varied forms and influences and with Natural Selection in the evolution of organic forms. the theory of "Natural Selection" as the sole origin of species. to produce a considerable effect on horses, and instances are given by Mr. Darwin of pony breeds[79] having independently arisen in different parts of like enough for the evolution of all organic forms by "Natural Selection"? of the same organic forms in animals high in the scale of nature. evolution of all organic forms by the exclusive action of mere minute, forces, and forms structures which neither Natural Selection nor any other id = 42720 author = Moojen, João title = Speciation in the Brazilian Spiny Rats date = keywords = Brazil; Buff; Proechimys; Rio; Setiforms; Thomas; Type; illustration; ochraceous summary = _Proechimys_--main fold shallow: aristiforms not developed on rump and The primitive _Proechimys_ probably was large with a short tail, narrow one counterfold anterior to main fold in upper molariform teeth and posterior to main fold in lower molariform teeth; premolars usually aristiforms long and narrow; general color on upper parts Brazil and Bolivia, two species of _Proechimys_ live together and one of narrow; skull slender; incisive foramen wide; vomerine sheath upper molariform teeth and lower premolar with three counterfolds; upper molariform teeth and lower premolar with three counterfolds; vomerine sheath usually complete; upper molariform teeth and lower subspecies of three species of the subgenus _Proechimys_ in Brazil.] differs in: wider aristiforms; general color on upper parts Tawny, subspecies of _Proechimys guyannensis_ in Brazil.] fold in upper molariform teeth and usually no counterfold posterior upper molariform teeth usually with one to five counterfolds, number _Specimens examined._--Total number, 18 (MN), from Brazil, Rio de id = 30701 author = Morgan, Thomas Hunt title = A Critique of the Theory of Evolution date = keywords = Darwin; Drosophila; FIG; F_1; Mendel; character; evolution; factor; illustration summary = by the cross of Drosophila with vestigial wings to the wild type with long A mutant appeared in which the eye color of the female was different from differs from the red color of the eye of the wild fly by a single mutant For instance, white eye color in Drosophila shows sex linked inheritance. If a white eyed male is mated to a wild red eyed female (fig. male and white eyed female of the fruit fly (reciprocal cross of that shown factors in the sex chromosome represented by eye colors, a triple system of factors that influence characters already present in the animal or plant. chromosome the factor for white eye color.] carry the factor for red eye color, and male-producing Y chromosomes. If a female with white eyes and yellow wings is crossed to a wild male with If a black vestigial male is crossed to a gray long-winged female (fig. id = 28471 author = Morris, Charles title = Man And His Ancestor: A Study In Evolution date = keywords = Africa; Bushmen; Europe; Pygmies; Pygmy; animal; ape; development; exist; find; form; great; human; long; low; man; power summary = to be, the existing evidences of a long ancient period of animal life animals, but absent from the higher apes and from man, has not vanished Other evidences of man''s origin in the lower animals could be drawn from The successive stages of man''s mental development, as indicated in the the existing anthropoid apes is the direct ancestor of man. Yet it is doubtful if the man-ape long remained a specially arboreal lower animals, and in all probability from an ape-like ancestor. its powers to the arm and hand of man; while the form, size, and food of The lower animals do not possess the advantage of man in his power of This fact shows its effect in the comparative mental development of man development of the mind from ape to man began. Both ape and man, as we take it, developed through some form of warfare. id = 30429 author = Mott, Henry A. (Henry Augustus) title = Was Man Created? date = keywords = Animals; Apes; Darwin; FIG; God; Haeckel; Huxley; body; existence; force; form; illustration; life; man; matter; plant summary = the whole life of the plant or animal is that of the cells which compose bodies in matter, form, and force, which led Tyndall[14] to say: existence of matter and force, as also the ultimate cause of all further development shows itself to be a true vertebrate animal, it forms brain above the facial portion of the skull, developed into the man-like form," says Henry Hartshorne,[18] "the universe as it now exists is a a given fact." "The creation of matter, if, indeed," says Haeckel,[24] water that life was possible in any form, as both animals and plants muscles which move the ears of animals are still present in man, but of Animals often resume a form which have not existed for many "For us," says Haeckel, "all nature is animated, _i. UNITY OF THE LIFE SUBSTANCE IN ALL ORGANIC AND ANIMAL BODIES.--"A unity UNITY OF ANIMATE AND INANIMATE NATURE IN MATTER, FORM, AND FORCE. id = 43200 author = New York State College of Agriculture title = Cornell Nature-Study Leaflets Being a selection, with revision, from the teachers'' leaflets, home nature-study lessons, junior naturalist monthlies and other publications from the College of Agriculture, Cornell University, Ithaca, N.Y., 1896-1904 date = keywords = Bailey; Co.; Comstock; Cornell; February; Fig; John; Junior; LEAFLET; Life; March; Monthly; Naturalist; Nature; New; State; Study; Uncle; York; course; grow; illustration; insect; leave; little; plant; school; soil; teacher; tree; water summary = nature-study work of the College of Agriculture may take new form. Stones, flowers, twigs, birds, insects, are good and common [6] Syllabus of Lectures: Nature-Study (Animal and Plant Life), Mrs. A. (2) Plant seeds in sawdust and on cotton batting placed on water in a (1) Place a very much wilted cut plant in water, and note result. _Winter and spring work._--Begin the study of trees. work use First Studies of Plant Life, Atkinson. plant of roots, stems, leaves, flowers, and fruit. plants grew in Greenland they left seeds, leaves and tree trunks which It is nature''s plan to keep the soil covered with growing plants, days ago--that one or two of the plants may look like that shown in Fig. 190. [Illustration: _Fig. 216.--A two-year-old shoot from a young apple tree. little plant, filling waste places with brilliant green leaves and small little plant may eat and grow, and establish itself in the soil. id = 48876 author = Noyce, Elisha title = Outlines of Creation date = keywords = Africa; America; Dr.; England; Europe; FIG; God; Man; Ocean; Sea; South; White; air; animal; earth; fish; foot; form; great; illustration; large; order; place; plant; small; sun; surface; time; tree; vegetable; water; wood summary = Lime is another of the earths which form a great part of all soils; forms, by the action of water and vital forces of different kinds. falling upon the earth formed seas and oceans, leaving only the higher fishes; these lower forms of animal life in some parts abound in the of the seas, so as to form strata of the carbonate of lime--a great The waters of the sea fill up all the lower parts of the earth, so If the oceans, instead of forming one great concourse of waters, had under the microscope present most beautiful forms and colours (fig. into the earth; these last (which pass downwards) form a fibre called This order contains water plants of great beauty, they grow in the mud given to the earth in the form of all sorts of vegetation, it will air, water, or earth, for all these places are abodes of the vegetable id = 33514 author = Nägeli, Carl title = A Mechanico-Physiological Theory of Organic Evolution date = keywords = Nägeli; Weismann; cell; determinant; form; idioplasm; organism summary = and form multicellular individuals, which increase by cell division and unicellular and multicellular organisms, and which forms germ cells from body of idioplasm consists originally of only one group of micellæ, molecular forces the formation of similar new albumen micellæ follows idioplasmic bodies are formed with groups of smilarly oriented micellæ, determinants and changes in general only when new rows of micellæ are individual organism in which the idioplasm is found. cell, that determinant of the idioplasm comes first to development, If the whole remaining line of idioplasmic determinants in an ontogeny of the idioplasm, while the development of determinants consists in the Organisms arise from a germ cell which consists of idioplasm phylogenetic line is a continuous idioplasmic individual. development of the idioplasmic determinants. GENERAL RELATION OF THE PHYLOGENETIC LINES IN THE ORGANIC KINGDOMS. idioplasm the entire organism, which in each generation rearises id = 38425 author = Olund, Leonard J. title = Geographic Variation in the North American Cyprinid Fish, Hybopsis gracilis date = keywords = Co.; Missouri; River; UMMZ summary = The flathead chub, _Hybopsis gracilis_ (Richardson), occurs in the County, Oklahoma, and (3) the South Canadian River and tributaries from Saskatchewan Basin east to Lake Winnipeg; mainstream of Missouri River and Mississippi River south to Barfield, Arkansas; intergrading with _H. tributaries to Missouri River in Nebraska and Kansas. gulonellus_ is the North Platte River near the mouth of Sage Creek, in This species is known to occur in the North Platte River, Pecos, Arkansas and North Platte Rivers; isolated populations in Specimens from the White River in South Dakota, collected on July 7, g. gulonella_ collected in the Arkansas River at Pueblo _Hybopsis gracilis gulonella._ Pecos River, San Miguel County, 3 miles Drainage connections between the Arkansas, Kansas and Platte river Report upon the fishes of the Missouri River drainage. List of fishes collected in Iowa and Missouri in August, 1884, Fishes of the Little Missouri River. Fishes of the Vermillion River, South Dakota. id = 20556 author = Packard, A. S. (Alpheus Spring) title = Lamarck, the Founder of Evolution His Life and Work date = keywords = Animaux; Ann; Blainville; Buffon; Cuvier; Darwin; Discours; Dr.; France; Geoffroy; Hilaire; Jardin; Lamarck; Les; Linné; Museum; Natural; Paris; Philosophie; Plantes; Professor; Saint; St.; Vertèbres; animal; change; cuvi; des; form; french; lamarckian; life; nature; specie; time; view; work summary = efficient causes of organic change, and thus to account for the origin organization of the present Museum of Natural History as it is to-day. But the life-work of Lamarck and his theory of organic evolution, as of course it takes a new form if Lamarck''s views, improved by yours, great length of geological time; (2) The continuous existence of animal WHEN DID LAMARCK CHANGE HIS VIEWS REGARDING THE MUTABILITY OF SPECIES? vulgar have generally formed on the nature and origin of living "_It is not the organs, i.e., the nature and form of the parts of the state of organization of the different animals now living! nature has gradually formed the different animals that we know, "It is known that different places change in nature and character by general form, the parts, and the very organization of these animals, "Naturalists having observed that the forms of the parts of animals id = 38290 author = Packard, Robert L. (Robert Lewis) title = Speciation and Evolution of the Pygmy Mice, Genus Baiomys date = keywords = America; April; Baiomys; Bull; County; March; Museum; México; Nat; Peromyscus; San summary = Pygmy mice (_Genus Baiomys_) are the smallest cricetine rodents in North specimen obtained by William Taylor from San Diego, Duval County, Texas. of the pygmy mice to certain species of South American hesperomine upper and lower molars of some specimens; relative to length of skull, Species | specimens | length | standard | standard | Range _Baiomys musculus nigrescens_, Hall and Kelson, The Mammals of North _Baiomys_] _musculus brunneus_ from Jalapa, Veracruz, the specimens =Baiomys taylori canutus=, new subspecies =Baiomys taylori fuliginatus=, new subspecies _Baiomys taylori allex_, Hall and Kelson, The Mammals of North _Baiomys taylori allex_, Hall and Kelson, The Mammals of North _Baiomys taylori allex_, Hall and Kelson, The Mammals of North _Baiomys taylori subater_ is not differentiated in color of pelage and Variation in the pygmy mouse (_Baiomys taylori_) from Texas and A new subspecies of pygmy mouse, _Baiomys musculus_, from Speciation and evolution of the pygmy mice, genus Baiomys. id = 31250 author = Packard, Winthrop title = Old Plymouth Trails date = keywords = Cape; Christmas; England; Hill; Manomet; Nantucket; New; November; Plymouth; Ponkapoag; September; day; foot; illustration; leave; like; little; long; old; pilgrim; pine; sea; time; tree; way; wind; wood; year summary = Like the deer and the wild fowl the old trails care little for I like to think that the sweet curve of the old moon''s slender little the eye learns to discriminate in winter greens and to know fragrance that the little winds of the woods sometimes carry far Pines are the great, deep-breasted mothers of the woods, giving long the home of mighty pine trees where it was no uncommon thing inches, yet great old trees stand alone in pasture and on hilltop, Old orchards grow up to pasture and woodland and the trees No tree gives more beauty to the wildest of New England woods Bird songs come to me from the trees overhead, far and air the pine woods were so friendly a place that all the birds abundant wood in the half century old pasture pine it is of little On days and nights in the old-fashioned winters, when id = 6441 author = Parker, Francis W. (Francis Wayland) title = Uncle Robert''s Geography (Uncle Robert''s Visit, V.3) date = keywords = Donald; Frank; Leonard; Mr.; Mrs.; Robert; Susie; Uncle; illustration summary = Uncle Robert smiled at the eager little face, and, turning to Mr. Leonard, said: "This is phlox," said Susie, leading Uncle Robert by the hand; "and "That is what the Germans think, Susie," said Uncle Robert, laughing. "The water comes right out of the ground," said Susie; "and it is as "But, Uncle Robert," said Donald, "what if wagon tires, apples, and air "You ought to see our little chickens, Uncle Robert," said Susie. "When you go to set the hen, Donald," said Uncle Robert, "I will go with "How warm the sun is getting!" said Uncle Robert as they turned away "My shadow points north," said Frank as Uncle Robert passed him. "Susie and I are coming out to help this afternoon," said Uncle Robert, "Come out some day and see Susie''s flowers, Jennie," said Uncle Robert "Come again," said Uncle Robert and the children together. id = 44479 author = Patterson, Alexander title = The Other Side of Evolution: Its Effects and Fallacy date = keywords = Bible; Christ; Conn; Darwin; Dr.; Evolution; God; Haeckel; Prof.; account; argument; fact; man; scripture; theory summary = radical and most consistent form, it utterly discards belief in God. Most of the great teachers of Evolution, such as Ernst Haeckel of theory of the Evolution of all things through natural processes, "Evolution is the doctrine that this life of man, this moral, says, "The great need of Evolution is a theory of derivation." these theories are used to assert the animal origin of man that they On this argument rests the theory of man''s animal origin. Dana, the great geologist, says: "Man''s origin has thus far no Evolution points to certain features in man which it claims came These degraded peoples are pointed to by Evolution as man in a state with great animals about 8,000 years ago." (_Age and Origin of Man Let Evolution then account for Conversion which changes man''s great argument for the state and need of man and the work of Christ. id = 40112 author = Phillips, Carleton J. title = Systematics of Megachiropteran Bats in the Solomon Islands date = keywords = Andersen; Choiseul; Islands; Museum; New; Pteropus; Solomon summary = terrestrial mammals in the Solomon Islands are a species of the genus Although all specimens in the Bishop Museum from the Solomon Islands _Pteropus_ in the Solomon Islands by the following features: wing the specimens examined by me; Andersen (1912:440) gave length of forearm Island in the Solomons as of this subspecies although this specimen was known that both species occur on Banika Island in the Solomons. in specimens from the Solomon Islands and the New Hebrides and found _Pteropus rayneri_ is endemic to the Solomon Islands. _Remarks._--Kolombangara Island is a new locality for _Pteropus rayneri of _Dobsonia inermis_ from the Solomon islands other than Choiseul and 10, the subspecies occurs throughout the Solomon Islands. 10, the subspecies occurs throughout the Solomon Islands. islands of the Solomons, whereas another subspecies, named as new islands on which different subspecies occur (see Fig. 6). Two new bats from the Solomon Islands. id = 13370 author = Price, George McCready title = Q. E. D., or New Light on the Doctrine of Creation date = keywords = Bible; Footnote; God; Mendel; cell; creation; fact; form; law; life; matter; specie; theory; world summary = distinct forms of life can be produced in modern times,--all by natural The plain fact is that different cells, composed of identical protoplasm [Footnote 6: Henry Drummond, "Natural Law in the Spiritual World," of all the complex array of living forms in our modern world which go on world knew of natural science, expressly taught that the lower forms of modern world under scientific observation, either natural or "Natural selection does not and cannot produce new species or varieties It is a universal law of living things that all forms left to themselves that no "new species" originating in modern times has ever justified Have new kinds of plants and animals originated in modern times have never seen a new species originate by any natural or artificial definite order of successive life-forms, this theory of a "thrust fault" development of organic nature by every-day processes in a world where id = 28775 author = Punnett, Reginald Crundall title = Mendelism Third Edition date = keywords = Brown; FIG; F_1; F_2; Leghorn; Mendel; Silky; factor; illustration; mendelian summary = his experiments he crossed plants presenting sharply contrasted characters, individuals differing in a single pair of characters are crossed together was crossed with a dwarf plant {25} bearing white flowers the resulting of white sweet peas which when crossed together produce only coloured in the developer by crossing with a pure coloured form and their variety of A blue is a bird containing the colour factor but lacking the black dominant white birds with a pure coloured form (such as the Brown Leghorn) this view the dominant white fowl is a coloured bird plus a factor which formed are all heterozygous for these two factors, and were the case a plant produces a series of gametes in which the factors are coupled in this cross, F_1 female by _lacticolor_ male, gave a very different result. characters of animals and plants in terms of definite factors which are id = 42606 author = Punnett, Reginald Crundall title = Mimicry in Butterflies date = keywords = America; Ceylon; Danais; Papilio; form summary = close resemblance between butterflies belonging to different families and by certain peculiarities in the form or colour or habits of a species. mimic so closely in appearance species belonging to an entirely different to the three different forms of female, of which one is like the male while female alone of some unprotected species mimics a model with obnoxious serves {24} as a model for several species belonging to different groups. forms are close mimics of a common Danaine or Acraeine model. form, and with its strong red colour and black wing margins broken by white Both supposed that in general colour and pattern the groups to which model resemblance shewn by this form to another species of Swallow-tail, _Papilio years to breeding the different forms of this butterfly in Ceylon[45]. Observations on birds attacking butterflies where mimetic forms occur have resemblances between different species of butterflies have been brought id = 33566 author = Rainey, Dennis G. title = Ecological Observations on the Woodrat, Neotoma floridana date = keywords = February; November; October; Reservation; house; woodrat summary = adult and subadult woodrats were caught, four along the hilltop rock showing first-capture sites for all woodrats live-trapped in the autumn first-capture sites for all woodrats live-trapped in 1952, when the first-capture sites for all woodrats live-trapped in 1952, when the first-capture sites for all woodrats live-trapped in 1952, when the first-capture sites for all woodrats live-trapped in 1952, when the October, 1948, a woodrat was live-trapped at this house, but such an old woodrat house by white-footed mice may continue long after Usually the rats can be caught in traps only at their houses or nearby area 105 days in which period she was live-trapped 25 times. An adult female was live-trapped on October 14, 1951, beside her house caught at a house 90 feet away, and an adult male was in possession of One young male shifted to a house 220 feet from his id = 40447 author = Ransome, Arthur title = Pond and Stream date = keywords = Elf; Imp; little; pond; water summary = to know, and the things the Imp and the Elf, who are sitting side fighting his rivals like the noble little water dragon that he is. The Imp and the Elf always think that they are like people beside the Imp and the Elf have thought them like things for keeping water clear and pure, and the Imp and the Elf sets a row of big stones in the stream, so that the water gushes about and looking for the little folk of the stream and talking look into the water, up stream, for the ripples flowing from and watch the shoal of little fishes flashing through the water indeed, the little soldiers of the water-people, tiny fishes, who Little black wriggling water snakes they look like, though birds they love, who swim through the water like the ships of a The guest-house is like a little water world where we can see the id = 40448 author = Ransome, Arthur title = The Child''s Book of the Seasons date = keywords = Autumn; Elf; Imp; Spring; summer summary = The Imp and the Elf like to wait are coming," sing the Imp and the Elf, and so they are, and with the The Imp and the Elf are early on the look-out for another tree-flower The Imp and the Elf love that little song and know it by heart. the Elf shout for joy to see old Susan harnessed to the big waggon come wife, who knows all the old songs, reminds the Elf and the Imp of this woods, for the cuckoo who told us that Summer was coming, sings cuckoo Spring and Summer and Winter and Autumn were four beautiful little Imp and the Elf and I watch it in the fields and woods. When the Autumn comes the Imp and the Elf slip slily round the garden Oh, it is a jolly time, the apple-gathering, as the Imp and the Elf When that day comes the Imp and the Elf always id = 36844 author = Robinson, Rowland Evans title = In New England Fields and Woods date = keywords = bird; camp; come; day; fall; field; fire; leave; life; like; long; old; snow; spring; summer; tree; water; white; wild; wind; winter; wood; year summary = Presently comes a great downfall of snow, making the earth beautiful days of sport, while the good wife reads racy records of camp-life from of days that may come to be spent by pleasant summer waters and in the Now he comes forth from his long night into the fullness of sunlit day, and the boy, he lives a long day of happy inoffensive life. fro along the bounds of wood and field, comes that voice of June, the June days spent in the perfumed breath of full-leafed woods, by cold woods and waters but a place for the killing of game and fish? frequently leave the result of all their day''s "sport" in the woods Fields as green as when the summer birds caroled above them, woods more The gray-bearded man who comes along the old wood road wonders at the the summer long in their days of wildness show in August only the id = 19922 author = Romanes, George John title = The Scientific Evidences of Organic Evolution date = keywords = Darwin; F.R.S.; Mr.; Professor; argument; case; theory summary = _Origin of Species_ with care, he could see in it no evidence of natural question that natural selection _may_ not be able to do all that Mr. Darwin ascribes to it: it merely objects to his interpretation of the this way of looking at the evidence in favour of natural selection is evidence in favour of natural selection and supernatural design to be theory of natural selection _is_ able to explain the facts. always speak of natural selection as the only cause of organic this tree-like arrangement of specific organisms in nature is an theory of evolution by natural selection, because it must clearly be a fatal to the theory of evolution by natural selection, if the apparent the world; so that, as a matter of fact, if the special creation theory the nature of the case, however, the evidence under this head requires most highly elaborated structure in organic nature--it is demonstrable id = 31141 author = Russell, Robert J. title = Four New Pocket Gophers of the Genus Cratogeomys from Jalisco, Mexico date = keywords = Jalisco summary = =Cratogeomys gymnurus tellus= new subspecies _Range._--North-central Jalisco; known from several naked; hind foot small; color pale for species, upper parts Zapotlan, Jalisco, the most closely related subspecies, _C. g. tellus_ differs in: Body smaller (total length averaging males); hind foot smaller (averaging 45 instead of 50 in bullae relatively smaller; mastoid processes of squamosal (length of maxillary tooth-row averaging 14.6 compared with rather than brownish; skull smaller; zygomatic breadth =Cratogeomys gymnurus atratus= new subspecies shorter, hind foot smaller; color of upper parts darker, paler; skull smaller (basilar length averaging 48.6 compared teeth smaller (length of maxillary tooth-row averaging 11.2 atratus_ differs in: Body smaller; hind foot slightly This newly described subspecies is known only from Cerro =Cratogeomys zinseri zodius= new subspecies profile of skull concave; zygomatic breadth narrow; nasals measurements); tail shorter, hind foot smaller; upper parts skull; width across mastoid processes of squamosal shorter; hind foot, 39; occipitonasal length of skull, 53.3; basilar id = 31152 author = Russell, Robert J. title = Pleistocene Pocket Gophers From San Josecito Cave, Nuevo Leon, Mexico date = keywords = Cratogeomys; Heterogeomys; San summary = Pleistocene Pocket Gophers From San Josecito Cave, Nuevo León, México Animal remains recovered from San Josecito Cave are among the most San Josecito; Cushing was able to separate the genus Thomomys from two genera _Cratogeomys_ and _Heterogeomys_; the materials are described of _Cratogeomys castanops_, a group of small subspecies including _Cratogeomys castanops_ (both the large and small subspecies groups, and _Cratogeomys perotensis_ (and in other species of the _merriami_ group) the rostrum of the fossil is narrower than in Recent species of tropical conditions, prevailed at San Josecito Cave, climatic shifts _Heterogeomys onerosus_ perhaps lived near the cave into the Recent species _Heterogeomys hispidus_. The pocket gophers (genus Thomomys) of Coahuila, México. Quaternary rodents and lagomorphs of San Josecito Cave, Nuevo Pleistocene Soricidae from San Josecito Cave, Nuevo León, Cave, Nuevo León, México. Pleistocene bats from San Josecito Cave, Nuevo León, México. The Pleistocene birds of San Josecito Cavern, México. id = 40282 author = Russell, Robert J. title = Evolution and Classification of the Pocket Gophers of the Subfamily Geomyinae date = keywords = County; Dikkomys; Geomyinae; Geomyini; Geomys; Miocene; Orthogeomys; Pappogeomys; Pleistocene; Pliocene; Pliosaccomys; Thomomys; Zygogeomys summary = material of living species, especially of the genera _Geomys_ the labial and lingual sides, anterior and posterior enamel plates, or Specimens of the genus _Geomys_ from the late Pliocene were referred _Geomys persimilis_ Hay became the type species of Gazin''s genus Saunders local fauna in Meade County, Kansas, to _Geomys tobinensis_, Saunders local fauna, a late Aftonian deposit of Meade County, Kansas, _Geomys_ from the Mt. Scott local fauna (late Illinoian deposits) of _Geomys_ than in either Recent or late Pliocene and early Pleistocene groups (early Pliocene to Recent), primitive bicolumnar pattern being having both anterior and posterior enamel plates on lower molars). Pleistocene and Recent _Geomys_, the loss of the posterior plate Type from Hudspeth local fauna (early Pleistocene), posterior enamel plates in lower and upper cheek teeth; (4) premolars Geomyini in the late Pliocene and early Pleistocene (see Fig. 6) and of this tooth in late Pleistocene or Recent species of _Geomys_, and id = 38428 author = Sargent, Frederick Leroy title = Through a Microscope Something of the Science, Together with many Curious Observations Indoor and Out and Directions for a Home-made Microscope. date = keywords = FIG; illustration; like; little; look; microscope; object; water summary = lens thus forms a part of that optical instrument called your eye. to the size they would have if projected ten inches off, like our little eye" lens mounted on a stand, which you can place beside your microscope The most beautiful of the small _algæ_ or water plants are the into the water and looks like three small balls fastened together; The microscope reveals so many strange odd-looking water creatures and hollow to hold a few drops of water, and put a tiny piece of the plant To the naked eye it looks like green slime, and is called "frog''s through the water, changing their places like animals. _Figures_ 10 and 11 are different forms of a little animal, _Trichoda pretty little creature, and, like the skeleton, is encased in a glassy When you are looking for various microscopic objects in pond water you id = 22150 author = Schmid, Rudolf title = The Theories of Darwin and Their Relation to Philosophy, Religion, and Morality date = keywords = CHAPTER; Christianity; Creator; Darwin; Darwinism; God; Häckel; Jesus; Lord; Strauss; biblical; christian; creation; darwinian; development; history; idea; man; natural; nature; religion; theory; world summary = connected with the origin and development of Organic Life. adopted this theory of the descent of man from the animal world as an drew the origin of man also into the course of reasoning on the new theory, origin or the first development of a higher animal or a human organism evolution of species as taking place to-day--viz: the natural history of mentioned facts, Häckel, for instance, in his "Natural History of Creation" God, and the different stages of development of religious ideas. scientific question as to the origin and development of species, so far as rule of life?--he comes to speak of the position of man in nature, traces a end in view, appears as a higher form of teleology, that of nature as a religious view of the world sees in nature itself, with its whole living idea of God and of the religious relations of human life. id = 29422 author = Schmucker, Samuel Christian title = The Meaning of Evolution date = keywords = America; CHAPTER; Charles; Darwin; English; God; Natural; animal; bird; creature; day; egg; evolution; find; great; life; little; long; man; time; year summary = better will slowly come, and in time we shall know far more than we modern times, since Darwin''s work has set the world thinking anew, is But before long the animal life attracts his attention. animal and plant life in the tropics, and, like all naturalists, he produced provides for the future development of that egg no man has development of the evolution theory since Darwin''s time. lost the ordinary sparrow habit and has come to like to live in Man is only slowly coming to be a city-dwelling animal. wonderful developments which have come in the class of animals known very recent times, were produced only in the bodies of animals or probably nearly without animal life, the creatures thus far being methods variation comes into an animal''s life, if Weissman and his tissues of animals as well as in the body and mind of man to-day, id = 40919 author = Scoville, Samuel title = Everyday Adventures date = keywords = Band; Banker; Captain; Collector; Jim; Mr.; New; bird; come; day; great; hear; illustration; like; little; long; nest; song; time; tree; white; wood summary = seemed like a blue eye looking out of long lashes to the paler sky brave little bird stayed on her nest, although several times she The first friend I met was a little bird that dived like a To-day all through the tree-tops I heard the high-pitched tiny notes tree sparrow, with his white wing-bar and brown-red patch on the crown suddenly saw a gray bird fly up into a tree, alight on a limb, and A few days later I went bird''s-nesting with another friend in the very rare nest and eggs of the least bittern, a bird a little over a foot Captain saw six strange birds, all gold and white and black, with For a long time they all watched the birds and made notes, until the bird, whose white under-wings were tipped with black like those of a From the fields came a little song that began like a id = 38004 author = Selander, Robert K. title = Vertebrates from the Barrier Island of Tamaulipas, México date = keywords = Beach; Camp; July; México; Tamaulipas; Texas; Washington summary = TABLE 2.--BIRDS[A] RECORDED ALONG 17 MILES OF BEACH[B] ON THE BARRIER flew north over the surf near Camp 1 on July 7, and a lone bird was possibility that birds of this species recorded in México in July are observed near Camp 2 on July 8, and two subadult individuals were seen July, and small numbers of birds, presumably nonbreeding individuals, lone bird seen in a mesquite near Camp 1 on July 6. individuals were seen in large dunes at Camp 1 on July 7 and 8. Texas, about 200 miles north-northwest of Camp 1 on the barrier beach. recorded this species only near Camp 1, where a few pairs were breeding first record of this species from the barrier island of Tamaulipas. The only species of mammal known from the barrier island of Tamaulipas Of the 49 species of birds, 10 are known to breed on the island and an id = 23667 author = Seton, Ernest Thompson title = Woodland Tales date = keywords = Brownie; Carey; Caribou; Chief; Great; Guide; Indian; King; Mother; Robin; Spirit; TALE; Woodcraft; good; illustration; little; thing summary = I cannot tell the children what you look like, Mother Carey, for mortal came from Mother Carey, "White birds go north." "Well," said the sly old Brownie, "there is a little Mouse-bird whose fly, but crawls like a mouse up the tree," and he pointed to a little "Come, little Nagami, my Bird-Singer, you are ten years old, it is time ready for that night, and busy Brownies gathered good things from woods it, and so they set out one day for the great Home Place of Mother Carey Mother Carey smiled and waved a finger toward a little Brownie, who came Then Mother Carey looked on them very kindly, and said: "Little ones, I Mother Carey said: "Little ugly worm; you are having a hard time, Then came Mother Carey and said: "Well, little ugly worm! him one day, and said: "Little one, your trial has been long, but it is id = 42810 author = Setzer, Henry W. title = Subspeciation in the Kangaroo Rat, Dipodomys ordii KU. Vol 1 No 23 date = keywords = County; Creek; Dipodomys; MVZ; River; USBS; Utah; Valley summary = The geographic range of the kangaroo rats, genus _Dipodomys_, extends subspecies of the species _Dipodomys ordii_; (2) the limits of In the subspecies of _Dipodomys ordii_ the color ranges from pale to _Dipodomys ordii_ is a medium sized, relatively short-tailed, five-toed _Dipodomys ordii evexus_, from the valley of the upper Arkansas River, most eastern part of the range of the species _Dipodomys ordii_ and _Remarks._--This subspecies of _Dipodomys ordii_ was originally differs in: Size smaller, tail shorter; color darker; skull Arkansas River Valley, closely resembles _Dipodomys ordii luteolus_ narrow; auditory bullae less inflated than in _Dipodomys ordii _Yellowstone County_: Billings, 2 (1 USBS; 1 MVZ). follows: Size smaller; color darker; auditory bullae wider, longer =Colorado=: _Mesa County_: State Line, 11 (MVZ); Fruita, 1 (USBS); _Range._--Diamond Valley, Washington County, Utah, north through are intergrades with _Dipodomys ordii columbianus_ in size and color. County, Utah, there is intergradation in size of skull and in color id = 1909 author = Seward, A. C. (Albert Charles) title = Darwin and Modern Science date = keywords = Africa; America; Australia; Beagle; Botany; Cambridge; Charles; Darwin; Darwinism; Descent; Europe; Geological; Geology; Henslow; Hooker; Huxley; III; Ibid; L.L.; Lamarck; Letters; Life; London; Lyell; Man; Muller; Natural; New; North; Origin; Principles; Prof.; Professor; Science; Selection; Sir; Society; South; Species; Spencer; University; Vol; Wallace; animal; darwinian; evolution; form; history; nature; page; plant; variation; work summary = species, and as Darwin himself pointed out, in many cases the two forms of "The Origin of Species", Darwin stated his view on this point very the only true ''Origin of Species''" ("Life and Habit", London, page publication of Darwin''s "Origin of Species", Huxley stated his own views Darwin''s immortal work, "The Origin of Species", first shed light for way affects the fact recognised by Darwin, that ear-forms showing the labours for his immortal work, "The Origin of Species", Darwin expresses always bear in mind Darwin''s words ("Descent of Man", page 229.) and use that in a given species differently formed organs occur in definite Selection", London, 1875, pages 117-122.) Darwin''s original letter Darwin and the Theory of Natural Selection", page 214.) Of the fossil forms, this work of Darwin''s had an important influence on the Darwinism is to the organs of animal species. Darwin''s theory of the origin of species, "it depends upon observation, id = 31011 author = Smith, Hobart M. (Hobart Muir) title = The Tadpoles of Bufo cognatus Say date = keywords = KANSAS summary = University of Kansas Publications UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS PUBLICATIONS, MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS The Tadpoles of Bufo cognatus Say The Tadpoles of Bufo cognatus Say The tadpoles of this species have been described by Bragg (Copeia, Nat., 18:273-284, figs. History of the University of Kansas. At hand are two series of tadpoles of this species; one series was specimens which clearly possess the pattern so typical of this species. 1.--Mouthparts of a tadpole of _Bufo cognatus_. Mouthparts in both series (consisting all told of about 200 specimens) The accompanying figure shows them as seen with the mouth The outer row of teeth of the lower labium is sometimes a the level of the ends of the outer row of teeth, while in others they other hand, the specimen figured by Wright is properly identified, then comparison of positively identified tadpoles of each species is much to id = 35043 author = Smith, Hobart M. (Hobart Muir) title = Hybridization Between Two Species of Garter Snakes date = keywords = County summary = UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS PUBLICATIONS, MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY Hybridization Between Two Species of Garter Snakes marciana_ (Baird and Girard) in southern Kansas are: lateral light line involving lateral light line involving 2. dorsal light line without distinct 2. lateral light stripes. Typical specimens of _radix_ are available from several localities in Morton County of southwestern Kansas (Spring Creek; twelve miles and Typical _marciana_ is available from Spring Creek, Morton County; range with _radix_ is evident, and from Spring Creek in Morton County typical specimens of both species are available. characters of _marciana_ in southwestern Kansas. Morton County, one from Gray County) have the dorsal stripe slightly All southwestern _radix_ develop the distinct postrictal to have light centers in the last two labials. postrictal crescent is well defined, and the lateral light stripe radix_ on the basis of the middorsal light stripe which lateral light stripe onto the fourth scale row. id = 35255 author = Smith, Hobart M. (Hobart Muir) title = The Systematic Status of Eumeces pluvialis Cope date = keywords = Kansas summary = Kansas and Oklahoma UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS PUBLICATIONS, MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY The Systematic Status of Eumeces pluvialis Cope, and Noteworthy Records of Other Amphibians and Reptiles from Kansas and Oklahoma =Eumeces anthracinus pluvialis= Cope populations: One occurs from western New York to northern Georgia, and Missouri; the third population occurs in extreme southern Alabama and older; unfortunately young specimens from the southern area are not Whether the southern population belongs to one of these races The southern population has been named _pluvialis_ by lucifuga_ in Kansas. Oklahoma, as well as a sight record by Taylor (Smith, Amer. 15:382-383, 1934) have indicated its probable occurrence in Kansas. Oklahoma, McCurtain County in the extreme southeastern part of the In Kansas the species is still known only from the northern half of the Between this area and southeastern Oklahoma no record of eastern border of both Kansas and Oklahoma. id = 10513 author = Smith, R. Cadwallader title = On the Seashore Cassell''s "Eyes and No Eyes" Series, Book VII date = keywords = Crab; Jelly; Oyster; Sea; Starfish; illustration summary = We know it is an animal that lives in the sea, and dies when washed Like so many other sea-animals, the Starfish is a puzzle. also seen out in the open sea, feeding on the shoals of small fish. Little Crabs are to be found everywhere along the sea-shore--not the plant is called Sea Holly, its leaves being like those of the holly. Quite near to the sea we shall find a very strange little plant. When covered with sea-water the ugly blobs of jelly open out like Another sea plant, which grows in tufts in rather deep water, is called sea-snails, fishes, and crabs hide in it, just as all manner of living The shell-fish, and other animals which feed on sea plants, are Jelly-fish feed on all kinds of tiny sea animals, such as baby Like the other animals which are useful as food, Oysters have been id = 54612 author = Spencer, Herbert title = The Principles of Biology, Volume 1 (of 2) date = keywords = Biology; CHAPTER; Darwin; Dr.; Earth; Life; Mr.; Natural; Principles; Prof.; Professor; Protozoa; Weismann; action; animal; argument; cause; cell; certain; change; development; evolution; fact; force; form; function; great; individual; kind; matter; organic; organism; plant; produce; result; structure; unit; variation summary = produce changes of molecular arrangement in organic matter. A certain general trait of animal organization may fitly be named distinguishes the changes taking place in an organism during life from The facts of structure shown in an individual organism, are of two The structural changes which any series of individual organisms exhibits, which the force generated in organisms by chemical change, is transformed structures in individual organisms, come the facts showing that functions, and presently unite to form certain parts of the growing structures. together, form the different organs: we have to observe the general and certain general truths displayed by animal organization at large. germ-cells, in some cases arising in different organs set apart for their causes by which organic forms are changed. occurrence in other organic forms, of changes great enough to produce what different parts are exposed, every individual organic aggregate, like all id = 30916 author = Stains, Howard J. title = A New Long-eared Myotis (Myotis evotis) From Northeastern Mexico date = keywords = Myotis summary = A New Long-eared Myotis (Myotis evotis) A New Long-eared Myotis (Myotis Evotis) From Northeastern México Long-eared bats obtained by field parties from the University of Kansas in the Mexican states of Coahuila, Nuevo León, and Tamaulipas, are found #Myotis evotis auriculus# new subspecies color, with pelage; skull larger in all measurements taken except that _Remarks._--_Myotis evotis auriculus_, although no larger externally e. evotis_, has a larger skull, which in lateral view has a premolars, of _auriculus_ are noticeably larger than those of _evotis_. relation to the greatest length of the skull, is longer in _auriculus_ Coahuilan specimens, although assigned to _auriculus_, are slightly and have less abruptly rising foreheads than do the bats from intermediate between typical _auriculus_ and _evotis_. A bat from Perote, Veracruz, identified as _Myotis evotis chrysonotus_ tends toward _auriculus_ in size of skull and mandible. _Specimens examined._--Total, 8, all in the University of Kansas Museum id = 30997 author = Stains, Howard J. title = A New Bat (Genus Leptonycteris) From Coahuila date = keywords = Coahuila summary = UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS PUBLICATIONS, MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY series of 24 long-nosed bats, _Leptonycteris nivalis_. larger skull and a longer third finger than other bats of this species #Leptonycteris nivalis longala# new subspecies from Veracruz, Oaxaca, Distrito Federal, Hidalgo, Jalisco, and Coahuila averaging 111.3 mm.; _nivalis_ from Sonora averaging 91.0, breadth of cranium greater (_longala_ from Coahuila averaging 10.7 mastoidal breadth greater (_longala_ from Coahuila averaging 11.6 Oaxaca 10.7); skull higher (_longala_ from Coahuila averaging 10.0 Texas, referred to _longala_, average slightly larger in all measurements taken than do specimens from southern Coahuila. Specimens from Cerro Potosí, Municipio de Galeana, Nuevo León, also Like the specimens from Texas, these bats possess longer forearms, on the average, than do bats from Coahuila. but 111 specimens referable to the subspecies _nivalis_ were in the Museum of Natural History at the University of Kansas. specimen from a topotype of _nivalis_ from Orizaba. id = 33914 author = Stallcup, William B. title = Myology and Serology of the Avian Family Fringillidae: A Taxonomic Study date = keywords = Family; Fig; Musculus; Richmondena; Spinus; Spiza summary = muscle inserts by a short, broad tendon on the lateral surface of the Comparison.--No significant differences noted among the species studied. Comparison.--No significant differences noted among the species studied. part of the muscle has a fleshy origin on the medial surface of the crus the muscle gives rise to the tendon of insertion which passes the muscle gives rise to the tendon of insertion that passes through a muscles of the leg, the origin is fleshy from the anteromedial edge of muscle in these birds resembles, in its origin and position, the The muscle patterns of the legs of the birds A summary of the serological relationships of the birds involved in serological relationships were obtained from tests in which formolized extracts in separating the birds tested (Figs. in tests involving closely related genera: _Richmondena_ and _Spiza_ Serological Tests Between the Species Involved serological relationships among fringillid and related birds. id = 33044 author = Thompson, Max C. title = Birds from North Borneo University of Kansas Publications, Museum of Natural History, Volume 17, No. 8, pp. 377-433, October 27, 1966 date = keywords = ADG; August; Cocoa; December; Female; July; MCT; November; October; Research; September; Station; male summary = Hawk-eagle.--_Specimens_, 2: Cocoa Research Station: [Female] imm., July Pheasant.--_Specimens_, 3: Cocoa Research Station: [Female], molting, Pigeon.--_Specimens_, 9: Cocoa Research Station: [Male] testis 9 × 5 Cocoa Research Station: [Male] testis 11 × 5 mm., September 1, 1962, MCT Malcoha.--_Specimen_, 1: Cocoa Research Station: [Male], August 26, Swift.--_Specimens_, 2: Cocoa Research Station: [Male] testis 4 × 3 mm., Swift.--_Specimens_, 2: Cocoa Research Station: [Male] testis 4 × 3 mm., Kingfisher.--_Specimens_, 4: Cocoa Research Station: [Male], September Roller.--_Specimens_, 4: Cocoa Research Station: [Male] testis 2 × 1 Woodpecker.--_Specimens_, 4: Cocoa Research Station: [Male] testis 11 × Woodpecker.--_Specimens_, 4: Cocoa Research Station: [Male] testis 11 × Woodpecker.--_Specimens_, 4: Cocoa Research Station: [Male] testis 11 × Woodpecker.--_Specimens_, 2: Cocoa Research Station: [Male], September Jungle Babbler.--_Specimens_, 7: Cocoa Research Station: [Male] testis 3 Babbler.--_Specimen_, 1: Cocoa Research Station: [Male] testis 4 × 3 Babbler.--_Specimen_, 1: Cocoa Research Station: [Male] testis 4 × 3 id = 34429 author = Tordoff, Harrison Bruce title = Check-list of the Birds of Kansas date = keywords = County; Douglas; Gmelin; Kansas; Linnaeus; Sparrow; Warbler summary = female (KU 7697), Kansas River east of Lawrence, Douglas County, October winter resident (records from Meade County and Kansas City). common summer resident west at least to Clark County. resident in eastern Kansas; two specimens reported from Finney County, transient and summer resident in east; much less common in west, status summer resident in east; occurs, but must less common, in west. probably summer resident in west; rare transient in east (specimen from resident in west, rare transient in east; eastern limit of breeding summer resident in east; probably only transient in west but breeding resident in west, rarely east to Stafford County (breeding?) and Douglas and summer resident in west, nesting east to Cloud and Harvey counties. and summer resident in west, rare transient in east. and summer resident in west, rare transient in east. uncommon, local summer resident in east, west at least to Cloud County. id = 52382 author = Tordoff, Harrison Bruce title = Studies of Birds Killed in Nocturnal Migration date = keywords = Kansas; October; Sparrow; Topeka; Warbler; adult; fat summary = Studies of Birds Killed in Nocturnal Migration sizes of males and females, and immatures and adults (of importance to migration of males, females, adults, and young; (5) information on with listing the species and sometimes the numbers of birds killed. the literature of large, accidentally-killed samples of birds. Weight data from birds migrating TABLE 1.--BIRDS KILLED AT A TELEVISION TOWER AT TOPEKA, KANSAS, IN Wren.--Weights: 1 immature male, 8.2; 1 adult female, 8.1; immature males, mean 50.03 (47.1-51.3); 4 adult females, immature males, mean 50.03 (47.1-51.3); 4 adult females, immature male, 10.2, fat; 3 adult females, 8.8, 9.5, 10.1, Sparrow.--Weights: 1 adult male, 19.4, fat; 2 immature The samples suggest several patterns of differential migration of sexand age-classes. of adults._ The several species of birds at Topeka that display this Oven-bird, using the adult-immature ratio in samples killed at a the species analyzed, adults migrating earlier than immatures in some id = 45708 author = Torrey, Bradford title = Spring notes from Tennessee date = keywords = April; Carolina; Chattanooga; Chickamauga; Kentucky; Lookout; Massachusetts; Missionary; Mountain; New; Point; Ridge; Snodgrass; Tennessee; Walden; Warbler; bird; man; time summary = Maryland yellow-throat, a bay-breasted warbler, a black-and-white Ridge, as well as near the foot on our way up, a mocking-bird and a singer; but to my Northern ears the wood thrush carried the day with black-throated blues, chestnut-sides, myrtle-birds, golden warblers, time, and away from home, with new paths beckoning a man this way and caught sudden sight of an olive bird in the upper branch of a tree, said; a red-eye, an indigo-bird, a field sparrow, and a Carolina wren a field sparrow began singing,--two birds whose voices might have through the woods--the yellow-throated warblers singing all about me _not_ common here (I had seen a single bird, displaying its colors As for the birds of Walden''s Ridge, the driver said, there were prothonotary warbler, a bird I had never seen, and about whose notes birds known as wood warblers, was very striking. One bird was seen on this first day, and not afterward. id = 34233 author = Trueb, Linda title = Cranial Osteology of the Hylid Frog, Smilisca baudini date = keywords = Fig; anterior; posterior summary = cartilaginous capsule around the anterior end of the cavum principale. Posterior to the anterior end of the cavum medium and the lamina dorsally (Fig. 3) along the posterior surface of the alary process and nas._, Fig. 2) appears just posterior and dorsomedial to the anterior of skull: 2) anterior level of inferior prenasal cartilage; 3) anterior level of cavum principale; 5) olfactory capsule at capsule: 6) posterior level of cavum medium; 7) anterior level of Slightly posterior to the anterior end of the cavum medium the foramen completely separates the lamina inferior from the solum nasi (Fig. 6). inferior diverges laterally as a small process, which lies dorsal to posterior maxillary process is restricted ventrally along the pars anterior maxillary process ventrally at the posterior margin of the in connective tissue posterior and ventral to the optic foramen (Fig. 15). otic capsule at the level of the anterior acoustic foramen. id = 14834 author = Tyler, John M. (John Mason) title = The Whence and the Whither of Man A Brief History of His Origin and Development through Conformity to Environment; Being the Morse Lectures of 1895 date = keywords = Bible; Darwin; Footnote; God; Lord; Mr.; Paul; Professor; Weismann; animal; body; brain; cell; development; environment; form; great; high; life; man; nature; organ; power; vertebrate summary = cell.--Hydra: The development of digestive and reproductive organs, struggle for life.--Environment one.--But lower animals come into Subject of the Bible.--_Man_: Body, intellect, heart.--_God_: that all higher forms start in life as single cells, egg and adult form is continually lengthening as life advances ever higher. man''s little span of life on the globe we can deduce laws of history campaign, developed a powerful beak, led a life like that of the old A little higher in the animal world a rude ear has developed, first is the mental goal of animal development, if man has a future fact that man has not become what he is by a higher development of environment man prospers in this new mode of life and conforms still Family and social life form thus the element of man''s environment by higher forms, like vertebrates, and especially in man, it is of id = 44849 author = Tylor, Alfred title = Colouration in Animals and Plants date = keywords = Darwin; Fig; Mr.; Papilio; Plate; Prof.; animal; case; colour; colouration; form; illustration; spot; wing summary = this was due to the fact that in the lower, transparent, animals, colour differences of form, structure, colour, or habit, giving to the Natural science has shown us how the existing colouration of an animal uniform in colour, while the leopard is spotted, and the tiger striped. From a colouration point of view, we might readily divide the animal power of discriminating colours is possessed by the lower animals. that, on the one hand, a dark spot is often formed by the colouring cases of true decorative colouring in our sense of the term, for all by a spot, often of a different colour from the rest of the wing as in and this is especially the case with white or light coloured species. marked with colour, and we know of no case in which a pattern runs animals the colouring would still follow structural lines, and there id = 37228 author = University of Kansas title = Index to University of Kansas Publications, Museum of Natural History, Volume 1 1946-1950 date = keywords = Dipodomys; Hall; Mexico; Myotis; Perodipus; Peromyscus; Pipistrellus; Proechimys; Raymond; Thomomys summary = 8. The postnatal development of two broods of great horned owls (Bubo Speciation in the Brazilian spiny rats (Genus Proechimys, Family Raymond Hall, A new bat (genus Myotis) Pliocene and Pleistocene records of fossil turtles from Western A new bat (genus Myotis) from Mexico, 239 A new bat (genus Myotis) from Mexico, 239 A synopsis of the American bats of the genus Pipistrellus, 591 A synopsis of the American bats of the genus Pipistrellus, 591 A synopsis of the American bats of the genus Pipistrellus, 591 Geographic range of the hooded skunk, Mephitis macroura, with Geographic range of the hooded skunk, Mephitis macroura, with Geographic range of the hooded skunk, Mephitis macroura, with western red-tailed, 198 wren, western long-billed, 207 Subspeciation in the kangaroo rat, Dipodomys ordii, 475 Subspeciation in the kangaroo rat, Dipodomys ordii, 475 Subspeciation in the kangaroo rat, Dipodomys ordii, 475 tree sparrow, western, 212 id = 23742 author = Unknown title = Charley''s Museum A Story for Young People date = keywords = Brown; Charley; Museum; illustration summary = [Illustration: CHARLEY''S HUMMING BIRDS.] Charley was a lively, inquiring boy, who liked to find out all he could finished, uncle Brown, who had, for a long time, a bit of a Museum in The first shell that Uncle Brown gave to Charley, was what is called a Uncle Brown had in his Museum, a great many Birds, as well as shells. Uncle Brown going out one day, to Charley''s father''s, carried several of The next bird Uncle Brown showed Charley, was a very curious looking Next uncle Brown showed Charley a bird, called the Parrakeet. and name of the bird, or animal, that once lived in the shell, and where Uncle Brown next gave Charley one of the most beautiful shells, that, He told Charley to put all these shells together in his Museum, because, "Here, Charley," said uncle Brown, "is a very beautiful shell for you, id = 26076 author = Urban, Emil K. title = Birds from Coahuila, Mexico date = keywords = April; Carmen; Coahuila; Friedmann; Griscom; June; Lowery; Moore; Saltillo; San; Sierra; male summary = Persons who have obtained specimens of birds from Coahuila for the Marsh took a male of the year in the Sierra del Carmen on September 10. condition, in the Sierra del Carmen on April 17 and stated that "until Hawk breeding in the Sierra del Carmen on April 26. took a male Red-tailed Hawk, on April 14 at 7000 feet in the Sierra del country of the Sierra del Carmen and western Coahuila. Miller (1955a:164) took a male Great Horned Owl in the Sierra del obtained indicate breeding by this species in Coahuila. del Carmen and recorded a specimen also from Sierra de Jardín on August Coahuila was reported by Miller (1955a:165) and Burleigh and Lowery southern Coahuila and obtained a male "near San Pedro" on January 29. and cliff areas of the Sierra del Carmen, and took a breeding female at common winter bird in the area around Saltillo." Two specimens obtained id = 8420 author = Vaknin, Samuel title = Issues in Population and Bioethics date = keywords = RTF summary = Copyright (C) 2007 by Lidija Rangelovska. Please see the corresponding RTF file for this eBook. RTF is Rich Text Format, and is readable in nearly any modern word processing program. id = 47498 author = Various title = Birds and All Nature, Vol. 4, No. 1, July 1898 Illustrated by Color Photography date = keywords = America; NATURE; Squirrel; Wolf; bird; life; little summary = BIRDS AND ALL NATURE promises to be even more popular, if possible, number of BIRDS AND ALL NATURE as you stroll along shore or This little animal, which is a native of South America, was given Young birds, eggs, and various insects constitute a part This garden had some small fruit trees thickly covered with leaves, Wrens and little Indigo Birds fairly bubbled over with songs of joy. How the little birds did love this garden--the noisy street on The nest is placed on the ground in the thick prairie grass, and at not sing, and, finding a young Chippie bird on the lawn, one day, she bird to lay by stores of provisions for the winter, the great distance the domestic cat it can spring amongst a flock of birds as they rise He had lived a hermit''s life for two years, when Usbeck, one of his old id = 47579 author = Various title = Birds and All Nature, Vol. 4, No. 4, October 1898 Illustrated by Color Photography date = keywords = Butterfly; Nature; animal; bird; hear; life; like; little; sound summary = the voice of the Bat, yet others are able to hear the notes of insects The human ear is capable of hearing musical sounds produced by Many animals seem to enjoy the voice of man and the sounds of the gem-like Birds of Paradise flitting among the trees as do your Robins of birds visited the island, and spent years in watching and studying Next day we buried the little martyr and the other bird went away. extermination of the little bird, and succeeded so far that a decree Humming Birds are domesticated by placing in their cages a number of of the eggs of sea birds for market purposes. other facts about these little animals, graceful and beautiful in form quiet and little known group of birds. as to their bird-life, and there is also little diversity in regard to these beautiful and useful birds, which are almost the best friends of id = 47580 author = Various title = Birds and All Nature, Vol. 4, No. 2, August 1898 Illustrated by Color Photography date = keywords = Fox; Loon; Nature; New; Squirrel; bird; life; little summary = Dear is the old-time squirrel way, number of young birds was unusually large, larger than has been before hunting at certain seasons for these birds'' nests and selling them to I think it is a great shame to put any animal, bird or the man and the open space not large enough to enable the bird to swim for birds to nest and raise young. About two years ago one of the birds took to coming into the house, Like the Squirrels, Foxes vary in size and color according to the young birds he ought to expect, but I should like to know, to see if he There are several large importing houses of song birds in New York, cages of birds, or a little over a thousand in all. In the mating and breeding season, however, young birds appear in the The young birds are taken into the room in their cages, id = 47581 author = Various title = Birds and All Nature, Vol. 4, No. 3, September 1898 Illustrated by Color Photography date = keywords = Fox; Hawk; Marco; Mr.; San; Venice; bird; dove; eye; life summary = feathers out of the nests of other birds, and frequently drive off fur and remains of little Rabbits were often found round the nest, and That nature goes her own way is illustrated by these anecdotes of birds each bird at and around the water was half an hour." "In the month of June, 1880, I found the birds nesting in large birds, taking, however, but nine eggs from a nest, as they found that insectivorous bird destroys 2,400 insects in a year; and when it is of the birds whose food largely consists of insects. "The birds of prey, the majority of which labor night and day to The food of the Raccoon consists in the main of small animals and also stated that, so long as the Doves remained at Venice prosperity Hallock says that an old she-Fox with young, to supply them with food, id = 47602 author = Various title = Birds and All Nature, Vol. 3, No. 3, March 1898 Illustrated by Color Photography date = keywords = Blue; Hawk; Jay; Mr.; Mrs.; Wren; bird; nest summary = look into the little nest and the bird with the worm still in its beak "A little bird sat on the twig of a tree, And he said, ''Little boy, there are some birds that talk, Eugene Field''s boy, now that there are no eggs to eat nor young birds The only other little bird that climbs up tree are not favorably situated for bird study because the little feathered The nest of the Black Duck is placed on the ground, in grass or rushes whose life study has been nests and eggs, says that as a work of beauty This bird does not remain long in one place, and during the day river, where the birds nested for years. Pheasant eggs and rearing the young birds; Mandarin Ducks, from Japan, eggs when the duck leaves her nest for food. bird is off her nest and suck the eggs. id = 47603 author = Various title = Birds and All Nature, Vol. 4, No. 5, November 1898 Illustrated by Color Photography date = keywords = Almond; Dog; Otter; bird; child; life; little summary = A little Bird in a tree The Bird is little more than a drift of the air brought into form by closed into the perfect form of the Bird''s wings, so the wild voice of boughs and hedges through heat of day, like little winds that only make far as possible, look exactly like seed-heads on the grasses. has nothing necessarily in common with the nest, and birds, like some leaving the house seldom failed to look up and see the little bird fast the Sharp-tailed Grouse, being a bird of the wild prairies and open You would scarcely think to look at these lively little animals that and small"--saw a boy tossing in the air a little animal which she streaming eyes stood a long time regarding the bird. bird''s amazement her teacher, at lesson time, stood before the cage a nature lesson, but is given to induce correct thinking, which shall id = 47728 author = Various title = Birds and All Nature, Vol. 4, No. 6, December 1898 Illustrated by Color Photography date = keywords = California; Chicago; Christmas; Golden; Mistletoe; Nature; animal; bird; humming; life; man summary = whistling done by men, birds, and beasts sounds far better to the ones The same species of birds living in different localities sometimes bird is when the note is sounded." Birds sing and other animals yell, roar, and snort, not for love-making If these exquisite little creatures are called Humming-birds, you There are four hundred and sixty-seven species of these little birds, A Humming-bird one summer built its nest in a butternut tree very near Some of them look more like bugs than birds when they first come from is as follows: The parent bird thrusts her long bill far down into the feather moved, but resting on the wind, like a kite, the great bird, Worms, insects, birds, and small animals, the altar straight toward the tree; the nine little birds were soon the serpent had devoured the nine little birds; but in the tenth year Birds and Animals of the Philippines, 48 id = 47755 author = Various title = Birds and All Nature, Vol. 5, No. 1, January 1899 Illustrated by Color Photography date = keywords = Athena; Billee; Little; States; Taffy; United; Zeus; bee; bird; eagle; taste; time summary = As above stated the lemon tree bears fruit all the year round so that The birds that have beaks and claws like those of the eagle are very especially of birds, will be interested in my story of "Little Billee." every time I would reach out of bed and tap on the box Little Billee One day I left Little Billee on the rug in front of the bed and went and Little Billee does not, he will play for some time running up on bird Little Billee is, but that is a question which has not yet been One day Little Billee was sitting on my knee dressing his feathers and Taffy came to bed with me, and lay on my arm while Little Billee sat all think Little Billee is the most wonderful bird they have ever seen. | Chapters on The Eagle and The Story of Little Billee were | id = 47801 author = Various title = Birds and All Nature, Vol. 5, No. 2, February 1899 Illustrated by Color Photography date = keywords = Jamaica; animal; bird; day; ginger; great; life; like; little; owl; time; tree; water summary = Trees grow from the center outward, hence the present sap-wood will in small for use at the time the acorns drop, they are shut up like lean of BIRDS AND ALL NATURE was captured, with its mother and five young two little yellow birds, a fitting tribute of Mother Nature to her love bird that does the farmer so much good as the owl. The owl has been called a wise bird for the same reason that some men catch small birds because they are so fond of teasing owls. As soon as a little bird sees the owl in the tree he cries watered at the sight of these fat young animals, said that they were just out of the nest, and then I studied my spruce-tree bird in a new this lovely little bird that, if the food-supply be all right, will id = 47840 author = Various title = Birds and All Nature, Vol. 5, No. 3, March 1899 Illustrated by Color Photography date = keywords = Wrensie; animal; ant; bird; cent; clove; life; like; little; long; skin; water summary = than fairly common, the birds rarely enter the villages, and they nest in the spirit of the bird, as shown by the fact that there was little thus sits in the trees his greatest enemies are the various large birds very earliest reptile-like birds which had long bony tails, used large, long-eared, stout varieties, living in shallow "forms," are those of hares in general, and all the species known as jack rabbits general average of decrease of bird life therein is 46 per cent. fed, like young birds, from the mouths of the nurses. little brown ant which makes a house forty stories high; half the largely house finches--small, brown birds with red about their throats. the food habits of these birds in different parts of the country that small mammals, eggs, birds, and once a young chicken were devoured open skin to animal life they found that all things that have breath id = 47951 author = Various title = Birds and All Nature, Vol. 5, No. 4, April 1899 Illustrated by Color Photography date = keywords = Britisher; Jenny; Mr.; NATURE; bird; feather; nutmeg; spring; tree summary = The leaves of the nutmeg tree are simple, entire, The tree bears fruit all the year round, so that nutmegs may be "Well," said Jenny Sparrow one fine day in April, as she fluttered Downy feathers grow most abundantly on birds inhabiting cold regions. Many young birds have an abundance of downy feathers when first Feathers are important to the bird to fly with; but even for this (as you well know all birds of prey in a wild state generally do before It flies through the air like a bird and, possessing was indeed beautiful, but like the red man, this tree is vanishing from like the wild-wood birds which our fathers used to hold their breath old-time ''minuet.'' Each bird, as the partners came near each other, you?--for human kind or bird, than a flower over the heart. Birds sing most in the spring and the early summer, those happiest id = 47952 author = Various title = Birds and All Nature, Vol. 5, No. 5, May 1899 Illustrated by Color Photography date = keywords = American; Black; Mr.; NATURE; Red; Vol; bird; coffee; iii; life; little; tree summary = Coffee is the seed of a small evergreen tree or shrub ranging from 15 The coffee tree is a native of the tropical parts of Africa, in In the March number of BIRDS AND ALL NATURE the common American mole, Trees afford hiding and nesting places for many birds and animals. INDEX "BIRDS AND ALL NATURE" VOLS. Blossom Time Vol. iii. Bird Life, Destruction of Vol. v. Birds in Captivity Vol. ii. Foreign Song Birds in Oregon Vol. iii. *Black Bird, Red-winged Vol. i. *Blue Bird, Mountain Vol. ii. Christmas Trees Vol. iv. Christmas, Where Missouri Birds Spend Vol. iii. *Coffee Vol. v. Holly Tree, The Vol. v. Humming Birds Vol. iv. Memory, Bird Songs of Vol. iii. *Mocking Bird, American Vol. i. Nests, Birds'' Vol. iii. Nesting Time Vol. i. Paradise, Birds of Vol. iii. *Paradise, Red Bird of Vol. i. *Red Bird, American Vol. i. Trees Vol. v. id = 48030 author = Various title = Birds and All Nature, Vol. 6, No. 1, June 1899 Illustrated by Color Photography date = keywords = Charley; John; NATURE; Noah; STUDY; Taffy; Tricksey; WARBLER; bird; day; leave; nest; tree summary = musical wing" as she brooded over the apple-tree nest. and, as my bird book stated that young hummers left the nest when a they are known to few except the close observers of bird life, though These birds usually build their nests in low trees and bushes, but When I had my bird, Little Billie, it would make Taffy simply furious seen Tricksey is the prettiest, daintiest little bird you can possibly Tricksey is a very vain little bird and yellow bird in a house of gold, he was like the little girl''s Bunnie, to leave Taffy in the room with Tricksey, but he was often there hours weeks Taffy never went near my room during the day, but stayed down said to be a bird''s nest made entirely of steel. clock-maker noticed in a tree in his yard a bird''s nest of peculiar trees in summer, I caught birds on their nests, I watched for the id = 48085 author = Various title = Birds and All Nature, Vol. 6, No. 2, September 1899 Illustrated by Color Photography date = keywords = bird; child; color; form; illustration; insect; like; marble; mind; shell; thing; time; water; young summary = are so widely different in form, color, and characteristics, and man Why birds are so commanding to the growing mind will become clear to directly to the focal point in his mind, and it is not the bird picture So we learn that bird study, aided by color photographs, is hatched he takes the insects to the faithful mother-bird on the nest. When the young birds first leave the nest they sprawl about in a is reared, that tree-top birds, like tanagers and cardinals, grow cultivated land, and the natural tendency of young birds to keep quiet larger species are fed by the old birds long after they leave the nest. the birds, the trees, and flowers all say, what the winds and waves, Our picture presents this stately bird swimming among water lilies, a There are many other insects which, when young, live below ground, id = 48106 author = Various title = Birds and All Nature, Vol. 6, No. 3, October 1899 Illustrated by Color Photography date = keywords = America; Cañon; Colorado; Grand; Mr.; River; bird; foot; form; great; tree; water summary = to the tree two kinds of raw material for food manufacture obtained "The good people of Green River City turn out to see us start--a party quiet water below; and then comes a feeling of great relief. for the rain did not reach the lower end of the cañon, and the water number of these little bodies which fall in a day is very large. formed under great heat and pressure, or by the cooling of molten rock forming soils, or sand, or little rock fragments. formed have come to be many thousand feet thick in some places. Another summer, while passing near the river, a humming bird flew out wide and from 5,000 to 6,000 feet deep, with a great river rolling oil used was at the head-waters of the Cumberland River. which continue for about a mile, the water falling in this distance id = 48141 author = Various title = Birds and All Nature, Vol. 6, No. 4, November 1899 In Natural Colors date = keywords = CHICAGO; Jim; Mississippi; Mr.; States; Talky; United; Wish; bird; great; leave; little; tea summary = Wouldn''t the little readers of BIRDS AND ALL NATURE enjoy a talk with a Mountain Canary--pure yellow and white like the lower bird in the seed from off her finger, "you are the dearest and wisest little bird and brown with green and yellow mixed--like the upper bird in the "birds, children and men," and so that day he brought home a large wooden cage in which was as handsome a canary bird as you would want The why and wherefore of the colors of birds'' eggs, says Ernest Someone, who did not know birds very well called them little wrens, This favorite singer and cage bird is a native of the Canary Islands, The birds are happy in the cage, require very little care, and if the bird-talks to the little folks. That the trees scarce have room for the nest of each bird; And I think that I know of a little bird breast, id = 48298 author = Various title = Birds and All Nature, Vol. 7, No. 1, January 1900 Illustrated by Color Photography date = keywords = CHICAGO; Flicker; MUMFORD; Mr.; bird; cotton; dove; great; large; like; little; tree; year summary = nearly alike that lard makers use cotton seed oil to cheapen their The nests are usually placed in the midst of large marshes, attached [Illustration: YELLOW-HEADED BLACK BIRD. above our last year''s nesting-place, talking and laughing like little For cold days and hard times winter surely will bring, to remain long it uses the nests of magpies, crows, or birds of prey, hollow trees; that the open-air nests usually lie in a fork close to within him: "O that I had wings like a dove, for then would I fly away to be night hawks, known as oil birds, and in great demand for the light-givers of great beauty; but it is not generally known that some The quince is the pear-like fruit of a bush or small tree resembling whole tree looks like one immense white flower. light of day, the Sorrowful Tree closes its flowers, and ere the sun is id = 48331 author = Various title = Birds and All Nature, Vol 7, No. 2, February 1900 Illustrated by Color Photography date = keywords = America; Bluebird; CHICAGO; Coues; Dr.; Hans; Mizi; Mr.; New; States; United; Washington; life summary = How many of the boys and girls who read BIRDS AND ALL NATURE ever saw I went the other day into one of our great dry-goods stores to see how to white cotton goods of various degrees of fineness. spindle in Great Britain that year was thirty-four and a half pounds, spool cotton, fine muslins, and such goods, but there is so little contrast to-day as in the business of making cotton goods. The following morning, which was the fourteenth day of February, Mr. Bluebird''s manner when he greeted his new acquaintance appeared to At the nesting-season the rails are the noisiest of birds; their long, long ago--"in life''s morning march, when my bosom was young." (I like In the early days every man and boy knew how to use a gun. white snow, with a roof formed of tiny roots and loose earth, lay Mr. and Mrs. Mole Cricket. id = 48388 author = Various title = Birds and All Nature, Vol. 7, No. 4, April 1900 date = keywords = CHICAGO; Cricket; Easter; Mrs.; Murex; american; bird; like; little; nest; plant; time; tree summary = This bird has long legs, yellow green in color, which trail awkwardly bird was repeatedly sent out, like Noah''s dove, coming home at evening, The song of an indigo bird, kept in my room, is often followed by from Russians color or dye red with Brazil wood a great number of eggs, of These birds having been near neighbors of mine for some time, I had lasted all day, and several times I saw the tree bend nearly to the As the old bird approaches the little ones squat flat in the nest, Triggs had planted it long ago in his young days when the country was And song-birds gathered in bush and tree; The bird builds its nest in trees now, out of the reach of the sheep''s observed the nest and eggs of a song sparrow, and their happy notes friendly little birds, the wrens, which think that our houses are id = 48466 author = Various title = Birds and All Nature, Vol. 7, No. 5, May 1900 Illustrated by Color Photography date = keywords = American; Bird; Black; Red; States; Vol; Yellow; Young; dog; iii; life; little; plant; tree; vii summary = We may hear the bird sing, catch each generous note it makes of the leaf a winter-house, which it covers with wood-colored The valleys lost, the little bird was dead. The red-breast is a bird of the whole of the United States and at While birds of the woods, neither the red-breast nor the white-breast Beautiful and interesting as this bird is known to be, less has been Its common names are house martin, purple swallow, American The popular names for this favorite bird are turtle dove, common in summer the commonest small birds wake and sing, says the greenfinch red, yellow and blue warts with short black bristles near its head. to make the plant appear like a mass of yellow blooms. fruits, though, like humming-birds, they adds small insects to their Black Bird, Red-Winged. Black Bird, The Yellow-Headed. Emperor''s Bird''s Nest, The. Vol vi, 48 Red Bird, American. id = 48503 author = Various title = Birds and Nature, Vol. 08, No. 1, June 1900 In Natural Colors date = keywords = air; bird; fish; flower; great; illustration; insect; like; man; river; surface; water summary = The birds had a clear title to the natural right of life, which the of the really seafaring birds, he eats fish, water insects, offal and bird would likely be were his right to the pursuit of happiness denied, great hawk, a bird which, having small wings, could not fly, and soon Certain birds also make use of their wings as a musical forms, while the rest of the tribe kept in the water and stayed fishes. are good fishing water of their kind. most of us, to speak of aquatic insects only calls to mind fresh water The fine hairs on the body of a water insect act in the same way as Large dimples are formed on the surface of the water where the feet illustrating the wonderful memory of a homing pigeon was that of a bird There are birds which have homed 614 miles air line the day id = 48523 author = Various title = Birds and Nature, Vol. 08, No. 2, September 1900 Illustrated by Color Photography date = keywords = Aster; Flicker; Koko; Mallow; Mr.; bird; fish; flower; illustration; insect; plant summary = In the second place, the flower must notify the insect in some way that An insect being attracted to such a flower naturally lands upon the "So much the better," said the gay Mr. Flicker; "most birds like cherry Plant a mulberry tree for the fruit-loving robins and cat-birds. trees and bushes largely to the birds who eat the insects which attack admirable manner of the song and habits of this little bird. In general we do not find large fishes in small bodies of water; A BIRD-FISH STORY. Once upon a time, and that was in the long ago, there lived a Koko-bird tried to ignore these boasts, hoping that the Koko-bird would in time The eagle once more turned to the Koko-bird and in a The Koko-bird merely opened one eye and said sleepily, "I am," whereat The Koko-fish (for so must the Koko-bird be called now), would have id = 48540 author = Various title = Birds and Nature Vol. 08, No. 3, October 1900 Illustrated by Color Photography date = keywords = Bob; Devonian; Rainbow; Silurian; Trout; bird; fish; flower; illustration; insect; plant summary = Bird wing and flower stem, Bird wing and flower stem, flowers are blue or occasionally white, closed at the mouth, forming Mother Bob White had been carefully guarding her little brown family, the birds make possible by eating the insects which eat the plants; it birds that we shall want to know all about their lives and as much as their own meals we shall know what each bird likes best, and then, word fowl was applied to any large feathered animal and the term bird from the birds of the air, the fish of the sea, the lilies of found near the sea spend much of their time in salt water, where living fish is taken from the water its color changes. a large number of young fish each year. that many fish-like animals existed at this time, but possessing no the minute forms of insect life these little birds will consume. id = 48579 author = Various title = Birds and Nature, Vol. 08, No. 4, November 1900 Illustrated by Color Photography date = keywords = America; Missouri; almond; bird; fish; leave; like; plant; stream; water summary = She was a small, black ant, and, seeing a brown worm eight times as Europe and North America have in common a few species of fresh water the salt water shore fishes, which live well to the north. water fishes of South America, Africa and Australia are all different and very small, perch-like fishes, which are called darters. fishes found near the mouths will be the same species and the two river some fishes are able to pass from the head waters of one river basin to the head waters of many mountain streams there is usually a pass, which head waters of the Mississippi to the Red River of the North. over, a fish able to spend much of its time in salt water could easily Tanager and the Summer Red-bird, are generally known as far north as variety of other trees, and thus has a larger range of food plants than id = 48606 author = Various title = Birds and Nature, Vol. 08, No. 5, December 1900 Illustrated by Color Photography date = keywords = Bird; Dorothy; Field; Humming; Owl; Poem; Swifts; hum; illustration; insect; like; plant summary = The Western Horned Owl of our illustration is a variety of the Great kills many forest birds that are useful to man as insect destroyers. Like the Great Horned Owl this variety is quite solitary in its habits, species are found in the United States, the bird of our illustration of the Humming Bird family to spend Christmas day together, and they "Oh, yes," said Mamma Humming Bird, "I met papa Swift one day while When grandfather Humming Bird had said all this, he flew away to little noise near the chimney hole the baby birds thought it was their day when the nest in the chimney was empty, for the little birds had and linden trees, and with them they made some bird''s nests which they Of course the last bird to leave the tree at night was the Sapsucker, common pitcher plant in our northern bogs, in whose urn-like leaves id = 34848 author = Vaughan, Terry A. title = Mammals of the San Gabriel Mountains of California date = keywords = Angeles; Antonio; Canyon; County; Gabriel; Mountains; Pacific; Peromyscus; San; Specimens; Wash summary = at the mouth of San Antonio Canyon on the Pacific slope contrasts with traps were set on slopes in San Antonio Canyon below 4000 feet one association, on the desert slope of the San Gabriels pinyons and 1952, at mouth of San Antonio Canyon, 1800 feet elevation.] TABLE 8.--YIELD OF 500 TRAP-NIGHTS IN MESCAL WASH (DESERT SLOPE). A female was taken in lower San Antonio Canyon, 2800 feet elevation, on lower San Antonio Canyon this bat was observed repeatedly as it foraged were taken in the chaparral association in San Antonio Canyon, near 3200 feet in San Antonio Canyon, on the coastal slope, and in Mescal In Mescal Wash on the desert slope of the San Gabriels, this mouse was growths of scrub oak and bay trees in San Antonio Canyon, at 4300 feet coastal sagebrush at the mouth of San Antonio Canyon, at 1800 feet id = 7234 author = Vries, Hugo de title = Species and Varieties, Their Origin by Mutation date = keywords = Darwin; Europe; Holland; Mendel; Oenothera; Vilmorin; case; character; european; flower; form; individual; instance; large; leave; new; number; plant; produce; seed; specie; time; type; variety; year summary = of mutation assumes that new species and varieties are produced from The question of the experimental origin of new species and varieties has single individual, or a small group of plants, or a lot of seeds. In some cases his species were real plants, and the varieties seemed to saved the seeds of a single plant of each supposed variety separately. term "variety" in opposition to "species." The larger groups of forms, garden-varieties differ from their species by a single sharp character White varieties of species with red or blue flowers are the most common leaves and red fruits; its white flowered variety may be distinguished this lecture, we have seen that varieties differ from elementary species From this seed plants of a wholly different type came the next year, of variety next to the red or blue-flowering species, or thornless forms in Many large genera of hybrid garden-flowers owe their origin to species id = 14558 author = Wallace, Alfred Russel title = Darwinism (1889) An exposition of the theory of natural selection, with some of its applications date = keywords = Africa; America; Australia; Darwin; Dr.; Europe; Footnote; Heliconidae; Man; Mr.; Nature; New; North; Origin; Professor; South; Upper; Weismann; Zealand; animal; bird; case; colour; find; flower; form; great; illustration; insect; plant; specie summary = exceptionally coloured individuals of many species in a state of nature, theory than that the white colour of arctic animals has been acquired colour of the great majority of birds, especially on the upper surface, bright-coloured birds, insects, and flowers which are brought from This form of colour adaptation is generally manifested by markings The colours of birds'' eggs have long been a difficulty on the theory of insects exhibit varieties of colour and marking, forming the most one species so closely resembles another in external form and colouring male of most animals--but especially of birds and insects--to develop _Sexual Selection as a supposed Cause of Colour Development._ cases led to modifications in the form and colour of flowers. animal integuments.[161] He argues that the colours of insects and birds Each species of animal or plant thus forms part of one harmonious whole, so the distinctive form and colour of each species of flower, as id = 15997 author = Wallace, Alfred Russel title = Alfred Russel Wallace: Letters and Reminiscences, Vol. 1 date = keywords = ALFRED; America; Archipelago; Bromley; Charles; Darwin; Dr.; Hooker; Kent; Lyell; Man; Mr.; Natural; New; Origin; S.E.; Selection; Singapore; Sir; Society; Spencer; Wallace; Wallace,--I; letter; life summary = the present book discloses--Wallace''s home life, the large collection of that he should undertake a new work, to be called "Darwin and Wallace," the points in which Wallace differed from Darwin when the time came for Papers, his own and Darwin''s, on the theory of Natural Selection had Darwin and Wallace as an alternative for "natural selection," was, as is Charles Darwin" and "More Letters," others in "My Life," by A.R. Wallace, whilst many have not before been published. Dear Darwin,--The more I think of your views as to the colours of _great work_ is progressing, believe me, dear Darwin, yours very My dear Wallace,--I have just received your book ["Natural with your great work, believe me, dear Darwin, yours very faithfully, Dear Darwin,--I have sent your letter to _Nature_, as I think it will Wallace ascribed the theory of Natural Selection to Darwin. id = 15998 author = Wallace, Alfred Russel title = Alfred Russel Wallace: Letters and Reminiscences, Vol. 2 date = keywords = A.R.; ALFRED; Archipelago; Broadstone; Darwin; Dorset; Dr.; Malay; Man; Mr.; Mrs.; Natural; New; Old; Orchard; Origin; Parkstone; Prof.; Romanes; Royal; Selection; Sir; Society; Species; Wallace; Weismann; Wimborne; life summary = acceptance of the theory of Natural Selection, both Wallace and Darwin The Limits of Natural Selection as applied to Man. His reasons for publishing this work were, first, that the first two Dear Wallace,-...I am reading your new book,[10] of which you kindly Dear Mr. Wallace,--I have been waiting to thank you for "Island Life" Dear Mr. Wallace,--A few days ago there reached me a copy of your new Dear Sir,--Darwin believed that all living things originated from "a few Selection in the world of life; and I do not think I could read a book Wallace lived to see the theory of evolution applied to the life-history and position of Darwin and Wallace and the theory of Natural Selection "Contributions to the Theory of Natural Selection," Wallace''s, i. "Development of Human Races under Law of Natural Selection," Wallace''s, ii. Wallace''s paper on Natural Selection sent to Darwin from, i. id = 22428 author = Wallace, Alfred Russel title = Contributions to the Theory of Natural Selection A Series of Essays date = keywords = America; Bates; Borneo; Celebes; Darwin; Guinea; Heliconidæ; India; Java; Law; Lepidoptera; Malayan; Man; Moluccas; Mr.; Natural; New; Papilio; Papilionidæ; Selection; South; Sumatra; animal; bird; colour; form; specie summary = origin of species (by means of what was afterwards termed by Mr. Darwin--"natural selection,") as conceived by me before I had the least a number of closely allied representative species exist peculiar to variations in the colour, form, and structure of all animals, has The facts presented by the sexual differences of colour in birds law of protective adaptation of colour and form, which appears to have light-coloured insects are not females of a distinct species, the males _The Law which connects the Colours of Female Birds with the mode of _The Law which connects the Colours of Female Birds with the mode of best known cases in which the female bird is more conspicuously coloured animals resemble the embryonic forms of existing species; but as the _Different effects of Natural Selection on Animals and on Man._ _Different effects of Natural Selection on Animals and on Man._ id = 32021 author = Wallace, Alfred Russel title = Island Life; Or, The Phenomena and Causes of Insular Faunas and Floras date = keywords = Africa; America; Arctic; Asia; Australia; Azores; Bermuda; Borneo; Britain; Celebes; China; Dr.; England; Europe; Flora; Galapagos; Geological; Helena; India; Ireland; Islands; Japan; Java; Madagascar; Mauritius; Miocene; Mr.; New; North; Professor; South; St.; Vol; Zealand; bird; british; european; tertiary summary = Islands--Birds--Reptiles--Land-shells--Insects--Vegetation of the Sandwich Britain is Poor in Species--Peculiar British Birds---Fresh-water The species which are peculiar to the islands are indicated by both islands, the large proportion of peculiar species clearly indicating different species thus formed are confined to one or two of the islands The great difference presented by the birds of these islands as compared that the _peculiar_ species are allied to the plants of temperate America peculiar species of Trox, allied to South African forms; the other two species which are believed to form a peculiar family allied to the Oriental LIST OF THE SPECIES OF LAND BIRDS PECULIAR TO JAPAN. species being peculiar and confined each to a single island or small group, playfairii_ is peculiar to the islands, but there are allied species in the species appear to be peculiar to the islands. species in some of the peculiar New Zealand genera of plants, which seem id = 31175 author = Webb, Robert G. title = A New Species of Frog (Genus Tomodactylus) from Western México date = keywords = Tomodactylus summary = UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS PUBLICATIONS, MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY A New Species of Frog (Genus Tomodactylus) A New Species of Frog (Genus Tomodactylus) diameter of eye; tympanum having posterior margin thirds interorbital width; paratoid gland indistinct; lumbar elevated pustules; top of head, limbs and venter smooth; few Digits not webbed; tips of two outer fingers truncate, having 1. _Tomodactylus saxatilis_ new species, 1. _Tomodactylus saxatilis_ new species, two outer fingers widened and truncate; _saxatilis_ differs _Tomodactylus saxatilis_, having lumbar glands, also resembles three species referred to the genus _Syrrhophus_. gland; the species was referred to the genus _Syrrhophus_ by _Tomodactylus saxatilis_ differs from _petrophilus_ in having a marbled dorsal pattern and the tips saxatilis_ differs from all other named species of _Syrrhophus_ in having conspicuous lumbar glands and in I have referred _saxatilis_ to the genus _Tomodactylus_ on specimens in the field had conspicuous and protuberant, or non-elevated, indistinct lumbar glands. id = 31621 author = Webb, Robert G. title = Description of a New Softshell Turtle from the Southeastern United States date = keywords = River summary = =Trionyx muticus calvatus= new subspecies 47117-19, three adult males, from the Pearl River, 1 mile four hatchling females, from the Pearl River, Varnado, pattern of large, circular spots, (2) no stripes on dorsal surface on carapace in adult males, but differ from _T. carapace lacking pattern of large spots; dark marks present in pale margin of carapace; dorsal surface of soft parts of spots posteriorly along ventral edge of carapace; pale black spots; carapace circular with or without pattern of Escambia River have dorsal spots 3 mm or larger in greatest diameter and on three specimens the dorsal spots number 27, River at Varnado have more (all small) dorsal spots, which resembles hatchlings from the Escambia River in having geographic grounds (Pearl River at Columbia, Mississippi). muticus_ (6 specimens): TU 5989, Ouachita River, _Trionyx muticus calvatus_ new subspecies, hatchling, UI 31071, _Trionyx muticus calvatus_ new subspecies, hatchling male, TU 17301, id = 34949 author = Webb, Robert G. title = Some Reptiles and Amphibians from Korea date = keywords = Cheju; Korea; National; Seoul; UMMZ summary = specimens from Cheju Do (28, 32, 32, 32, 37 and 46 in snout-vent length) _Rana amurensis coreana_ at all localities where the species was taken small frogs; largest female and male having respective snout-vent _Rana amurensis coreana_, Shannon, Herpetologica, 12:38, March 6, hillside; no specimens of _Rana amurensis coreana_ were taken there. The largest male among our specimens measured 65 in snout-vent length The third specimen, a male (UMMZ 113442, snout-vent length, _Remarks._--On April 14, two females (57 and 45 in snout-vent length, _Remarks._--The specimen from the Central National Forest was captured Our largest specimen, a male having 154 ventrals and 68 _Remarks._--The specimen from Cheju Do was captured on September 9 in Our largest specimen, a male (UMMZ 113454) having a total length of 1488 Two males from the Central National Forest, having total lengths of 1105 A small collection of reptiles from central Korea. id = 40005 author = Webb, Robert G. title = North American Recent Soft-Shelled Turtles (Family Trionychidae) date = keywords = Colorado; County; Creek; Fig; Florida; June; Kansas; Lake; Louisiana; Mississippi; New; River; Stejneger; Texas; Trionyx; UMMZ; USNM; american summary = Female soft-shelled turtles attain a larger size than males. centimeters, resemble _ferox_ and _emoryi_ in having narrow carapaces spinifer_ in the upper Mississippi River and Great Lakes drainages. species _spinifer_ (subspecies _hartwegi_ and _emoryi_) and _muticus_. Most skulls of _ferox_ differ from those of _muticus_ and _spinifer_ in having the spinifer_ resemble _ferox_ but differ from _muticus_ in having septal resemble _muticus_ but differ from _ferox_ and large females of _ater_ Specimens having localities from the Pearl River and Lake Pontchartrain Hitherto, soft-shelled turtles of the species _Trionyx spinifer_ from The carapace of hatchlings from the Colorado River is pale having The pattern on the carapace of adult males from the Colorado River the Colorado River in Texas further resemble _ferox_ in having carapace of females (smallest specimens having plastral length, 11.0 Individuals of _spinifer_ have been taken in large, deep rivers having s. emoryi_ occurs in large rivers having generally turbid waters, id = 34077 author = Weismann, August title = On Germinal Selection as a Source of Definite Variation date = keywords = Darwin; Spencer; case; fact; principle; process; selection; specie; theory; variation; wing summary = protective coloring has selective value for the species, that is, that if will carry us in the explanation of such cases--natural selection, I mean, place where it is determined what variations of the parts of the organism by man rests on the fact that by means of the selection of individuals progressive variation of a given part is produced by continued selection in displacement of the zero-point of variation as the result of selection. that the displacement of the zero-point of variation by personal selection this or that primary variation''s being preferred, the selective process process of adaptation rested entirely {52} on personal selection. variation by personal selection, is impossible; for where all units are expected, if it is a fact that selection favors only the useful variations Without the Aid of Natural Selection_, 1894, regards the variations transforming the species, but that definitely directed variation is id = 37512 author = Wellman, John title = A Revision of Snakes of the Genus Conophis (Family Colubridae, from Middle America) date = keywords = AMNH; Conophis; Museum; México; Natl; Smith; UMMZ summary = and figured as a new genus and species, _Conophis vittatus_, based on scale-row on anterior 1/3 of body (an auxiliary lateral stripe Stripes present posteriorly; 1st scale-row pigmented 6 Specimens having dark stripes on the body always have black laterally on those specimens having dark stripes present on the row of dorsal scales bears a series of large, slightly elongated, dark dark brown stripes on the medial third of the scales of each row. at mid-body: on the first row of dorsal scales a discontinuous stripe are present at mid-body--a lateral pair on the 4th row of dorsal scales specimens both the dorsolateral and lateral dark stripes are present Usually the 1st row of dorsal scales is dark brown; in some specimens dark stripe on the 4th row of dorsal scales only, in combination with _Conophis lineatus dunni_ has lateral dark stripes the 1st scale-row, and more than four dark stripes on the body of id = 20933 author = White, Gilbert title = The Natural History of Selborne, Vol. 1 date = keywords = April; August; February; January; July; June; LETTER; March; Mr.; November; October; Ray; SELBORNE; September; Sussex; Wolmer; bird; great; time; year summary = As to the short-winged, soft-billed birds, which come trooping in such short-winged birds frequently coming on board his ship all the way from Now is the only time to ascertain the short-winged summer birds; for, discovered a new bird of winter passage, concerning whose migrations the these birds congregate in vast flocks in the autumn) to observe nicely that the regular migration or appearance of the summer birds was much that our small short-winged summer birds of passage are to be seen spring I have no reason to doubt but that the soft-billed birds, which winter Birds that sing for a short time, and very early in the spring:-Dear Sir,--I heard many birds of several species sing last year after If you stand near the nest of a bird that has young, she little birds had one year inadvertently placed their nest on a naked id = 20934 author = White, Gilbert title = The Natural History of Selborne, Vol. 2 date = keywords = April; August; Hanger; January; LETTER; London; November; October; SELBORNE; bird; day; degree; great; house; like; little; long; swallow; time; year summary = near the southern coast, with respect to the summer short-winged birds of nothing like a summer bird of passage; and what is more strange not one birds appear on the downs in March, and then withdraw to breed probably Though the birds are, when in season, in great plenty on the south downs Wonderful is the address which this adroit bird shows all day long in The swallow, probably the male bird, is the _excubitor_ to house-martins, Undoubtedly they breed a second time, like the house-martin and Little farmers use rushes much in the short days, both morning and That trees are great promoters of lakes and rivers appears from a wellknown fact in North America; for, since the woods and forests have been time, and then flew over the houses; for some days after no martins were A rare, and I think a new, little bird frequents my garden, which I have id = 31267 author = White, John A. title = Taxonomy of the Chipmunks, Eutamias quadrivittatus and Eutamias umbrinus date = keywords = Brown; Co. summary = probable geographic ranges of the subspecies of _Eutamias quadrivittatus_ and _Eutamias umbrinus_. white; median dorsal dark stripe black with Sayal Brown along dorsal dark stripes nearly absent; sides Sayal Brown mixed _Comparisons._--From _Eutamias umbrinus adsitus_, the umbrinus_ differs in: General tone of upper parts lighter; feet Cinnamon-Buff; dorsal surface of tail black; ventral =Eutamias umbrinus sedulus= new subspecies Mountains, Garfield County, Utah; obtained on October 13, stripes black mixed with Antique Brown; outermost dorsal dark Gray; sides Mars Yellow; dorsal surface of tail black mixed White Mountains, Inyo County, California; obtained on July =Eutamias umbrinus fremonti= new subspecies =Eutamias umbrinus montanus= new subspecies Ward, 9,400 ft., Boulder County, Colorado; obtained on August stripes black mixed with Sayal Brown; outermost dorsal dark stripes black mixed with Sayal Brown; outermost dorsal dark 6. Baculum of _Eutamias umbrinus montanus_, No. 20105; Three new subspecies of chipmunks of the genus Eutamias id = 31491 author = White, John A. title = The Baculum in the Chipmunks of Western North America date = keywords = Co.; Eutamias summary = UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS PUBLICATIONS, MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY Key to the Bacula of the Species of Eutamias of In juvenal _Eutamias minimus_ the tip of the baculum is longer in KEY TO THE BACULA IN EUTAMIAS OF WESTERN NORTH AMERICA 1. Distal 1/2 to 2/3 of shaft markedly compressed laterally; base dorsalis_, in keel lower, angle formed by tip and shaft more distinct; _Specimen examined_: One from Big Cottonwood Meadows, S of Mount developed, shaft thin, base not markedly widened, tip proportionally quadrimaculatus_, in shaft thinner, baculum usually shorter, tip merriami_, in shaft markedly shorter, base not incised dorsally, tip incised dorsally, shaft thinner, tip proportionally much shorter. _Specimen examined_: One from Mount Thomas, White Mountains, Baculum: Shaft thick; keel of medium height, 1/3 of length of tip; base River, near head of N fork, Sierra Nevada Mountains, 2 (BS). Baculum: Shaft thick; keel low, 1/3 of length of tip; base of keel 1/2 id = 31951 author = White, John A. title = Geographic Distribution and Taxonomy of the Chipmunks of Wyoming date = keywords = Buff; Co.; Creek summary = series of specimens of _Eutamias minimus silvaticus_ taken in several distribution of the subspecies of _Eutamias minimus_ in Wyoming. _Type._--Obtained on Green River, near mouth of Big Sandy Creek, Creek, near Powder River; Rattlesnake Mountains; Casper; grayish white; median dorsal dark stripe black with Ochraceous Fork, Wind River Mountains; Fremont Peak; South Pass City. grayish white; median dorsal dark stripe black with Clay Color m. confinis_, the subspecies from the Big Horn Mountains, m. confinis_, the subspecies from the Big Horn Mountains, m. confinis_, the subspecies from the Big Horn Mountains, of Trapper Creek, west slope of Bighorn Mountains, Big Horn County, NW Sundance, 5,900 ft., Crook County, Wyoming; obtained on July 4, _Remarks._--Specimens from the mountains near Savery in Carbon County head of La Barge Creek, 9,100 ft.; Salt River Mountains, 10 mi. Dorsal stripes faint; skull smaller; base of baculum not noticeably distribution of the subspecies of _Eutamias umbrinus_ in Wyoming. id = 32175 author = Wilson, Robert W. (Robert Warren) title = Preliminary Survey of a Paleocene Faunule from the Angels Peak Area, New Mexico date = keywords = Angels; Peak summary = from the Angels Peak Area, New Mexico from the Angels Peak Area, New Mexico Angels Peak stands on the eastern rim of a large area of badlands (70 feet stratigraphically below level of Angels Peak pocket). absence from the Angels Peak faunule. extensive collecting by Granger in the Angels Peak area. The most common forms in the Angels Peak faunule are: _Tricentes_ cf. The Angels Peak faunule, as Granger stated, is of Torrejonian age. known "Torrejon" genera are recorded by specimens from the Angels Peak Peak faunule and the rest of the San Juan fauna which serves Angels Peak faunule is of slightly different age than the latter, or concentrations similar to that of the Angels Peak faunule are of Many of the Angels Peak specimens differ in minor ways from those Indeed, the stratigraphic position of the Angels Peak pocket Paleocene faunas of the San Juan Basin, New Mexico. id = 38584 author = Wollaston, Thomas Vernon title = On the Variation of Species, with Especial Reference to the Insecta Followed by an Inquiry into the Nature of Genera date = keywords = Africa; America; Dezerta; Europe; Fabr; Islands; Linn; Lowe; Madeira; Maderensia; Mr.; Nature; Porto; Santo; Woll; insect; specie summary = on Insect variation (with reference to external disturbing causes) to remark the variation to which certain insects are at times liable certain species, is not remarkable; but that every individual insect insect-aberration generally, whether regarded as a _universal fact_ appear to produce any very decided modifying effect on insect form, and which has been naturalized even in the Madeira Islands, passes insects is liable to be controlled by the physical state of the areas common in the other species of the generic group[26]." isolation over insect form is perhaps more especially to be detected influence of isolation and other circumstances on external insect There are many insects which appear to have _two distinct states_, case in the northern and southern ones), whilst in Madeira proper it the local nature of its various species, 152, 153. States, large and small ones indicated in some insects, 105. id = 26542 author = Wortman, Jacob Lawson title = On The Affinities of Leptarctus primus of Leidy American Museum of Natural History, Vol. VI, Article VIII, pp. 229-331. date = keywords = Leptarctus summary = _On the Affinities of Leptarctus primus of Leidy._ Article VIII.--ON THE AFFINITIES OF LEPTARCTUS PRIMUS OF LEIDY. =Leptarctus primus= _Leidy_. The first premolar is not preserved, but its alveolus indicates that it was a single-rooted tooth, placed behind the canine after the to these cusps a distinct basal cingulum, most prominent in the region the third premolar the posterior cusp is much better developed, and deep and prominent, and the coronoid is high and broad. The jaw of _Leptarctus_ differs from that of _Cercoleptes_ in the extent; the condyle is not placed so high; the angle is elevated above but differs from that of _Leptarctus_ in having an external groove as premolars in the lower jaw; the middle one, however, has only a single cusp upon the crown, whereas _Leptarctus_ has two. jaw, the reduction of the number of premolars, the reduction in size id = 27213 author = Younghusband, Francis Edward, Sir title = The Heart of Nature; or, The Quest for Natural Beauty date = keywords = Beauty; Earth; England; Geography; Heart; Himalaya; India; Kashmir; Natural; Nature; Sikkim; Tibet; Universe; activity; artist; forest; high; life; man; mountain summary = Natural Beauty, and in capacity for communicating that love, the great soul of Nature, and consequently see only shallow Beauty. Earth where the Natural Beauty is finest, and he would have had, too, beauty he has seen in plain or mountain, in flower, bird, or man, will heart into the enjoyment of Natural Beauty in a way that would have far-off ages when love first came into the hearts of men that Natural enjoyment of the Natural Beauty of the Earth should be regarded as And the reason why the Natural Beauty of the Earth the Natural Beauty of the Earth is one of which Geography should But men who have seen many varieties of Natural Beauty Geography, and because a love of Natural Beauty is one of the great not _only_ love of Natural Beauty that draws men on. natural features of the Earth by reason of their _beauty_ have upon id = 37317 author = Youngman, Phillip M. title = Geographic Variation in the Pocket Gopher, Thomomys bottae, in Colorado date = keywords = Colorado; Thomomys summary = Geographic Variation in the Pocket Gopher, Thomomys bottae, in Colorado occur in Colorado, _Thomomys bottae_ (see fig. geographic distribution of _Thomomys bottae_ in Colorado, to find means _Thomomys bottae_ occurs in the Colorado Plateau Province (terminology Six subspecies of _Thomomys bottae_ occur in Colorado. b. howelli_ occupy the Colorado Plateau Province (see fig. Sangre De Cristo Range in the vicinity of the Colorado-New Mexico The name _Thomomys bottae optabilis_, given to specimens from Coventry The name _Thomomys bottae apache_, given to specimens from Lake La Jara, Since _Thomomys bottae_ in the Colorado Plateau Province is especially little variation between the topotypes and specimens from Colorado. _Thomomys aureus pervagus_, Warren, Mammals of Colorado, p. New Mexico and a specimen from Fishers Peak, Colorado, were subsequently Specimens from localities bordering the plains differ from the topotypes =Thomomys bottae rubidus= new subspecies A study of 249 specimens of _Thomomys bottae_ from Colorado reveals six id = 29739 author = nan title = Little Masterpieces of Science: The Naturalist as Interpreter and Seer date = keywords = America; California; Darwin; Europe; Mr.; New; Professor; South; States; animal; colour; flower; form; horse; insect; man; plant; specie summary = be a law of nature if each species has been independently created no man other species possess differently coloured flowers, than if all allied species, when placed under widely different conditions of life, modification of their descendants, causes the forms of life, after long As species have generally diverged in character during their long course yet distant species occur, doubtful forms and varieties belonging to the species, by the general succession of the forms of life. a distinct species by descent from some lower form, through the laws of of the species, as well as through natural selection in relation to the It is also well known that animals in a state of nature produce white in the colour, form and structure of all animals, has furnished There is a general harmony in nature between the colours of an animal have insects which are formed as well as coloured so as exactly to id = 45084 author = nan title = Notes on Collecting and Preserving Natural-History Objects date = keywords = British; CHAPTER; F.L.S.; Fig; London; beetle; dry; egg; find; good; illustration; insect; paper; place; plant; specie; specimen; time; water summary = NOTES ON COLLECTING AND PRESERVING NATURAL-HISTORY OBJECTS. When specimens of the eggs of the same species are obtained from the best way of effecting this purpose is to hunt the perfect insect, To save time, in mounting many specimens, it is better to merely gum species, and then, at the right time, to hunt for such plants as these species represented in a collection of dried plants? collect young specimens, as showing that the plant, although parasitic specimens are necessary to the complete presentment of the species, who keep their plants in this way!--to loose sheets, from small paper drying-paper are all we require to prepare our specimens for the a little gum on a piece of toned paper; thus 4 or 6 to 12 specimens, To dry and preserve a collection of fresh fungi is at times a very mounting of phanerogamic plants, or by affixing the specimens to pieces