id sid tid token lemma pos 35419 1 1 WOOD WOOD NNP 35419 1 2 AND and CC 35419 1 3 FOREST FOREST NNP 35419 1 4 _ _ NNP 35419 1 5 By by IN 35419 1 6 _ _ NNP 35419 1 7 WILLIAM WILLIAM NNP 35419 1 8 NOYES NOYES NNP 35419 1 9 , , , 35419 1 10 M.A. M.A. NNP 35419 2 1 Formerly formerly RB 35419 2 2 Assistant Assistant NNP 35419 2 3 Professor Professor NNP 35419 2 4 of of IN 35419 2 5 Industrial Industrial NNP 35419 2 6 Arts Arts NNP 35419 2 7 Teachers Teachers NNPS 35419 2 8 College College NNP 35419 2 9 , , , 35419 2 10 Columbia Columbia NNP 35419 2 11 University University NNP 35419 2 12 NEW NEW NNP 35419 2 13 YORK YORK NNP 35419 2 14 CITY CITY NNP 35419 2 15 [ [ -LRB- 35419 2 16 Illustration illustration NN 35419 2 17 ] ] -RRB- 35419 2 18 THE the DT 35419 2 19 MANUAL MANUAL NNS 35419 2 20 ARTS arts IN 35419 2 21 PRESS press NN 35419 2 22 PEORIA peoria NN 35419 2 23 , , , 35419 2 24 ILLINOIS ILLINOIS NNP 35419 2 25 COPYRIGHT COPYRIGHT NNP 35419 2 26 WILLIAM WILLIAM NNP 35419 2 27 NOYES NOYES NNP 35419 2 28 1912 1912 CD 35419 2 29 _ _ NNP 35419 2 30 FIFTH FIFTH NNP 35419 2 31 EDITION EDITION NNP 35419 2 32 , , , 35419 2 33 1921 1921 CD 35419 2 34 _ _ NNP 35419 2 35 _ _ NNP 35419 2 36 Printed Printed NNP 35419 2 37 in in IN 35419 2 38 United United NNP 35419 2 39 States States NNP 35419 2 40 of of IN 35419 2 41 America America NNP 35419 2 42 _ _ NNP 35419 2 43 FOREWORD FOREWORD NNP 35419 2 44 This this DT 35419 2 45 book book NN 35419 2 46 has have VBZ 35419 2 47 been be VBN 35419 2 48 prepared prepare VBN 35419 2 49 as as IN 35419 2 50 a a DT 35419 2 51 companion companion NN 35419 2 52 volume volume NN 35419 2 53 to to IN 35419 2 54 the the DT 35419 2 55 author author NN 35419 2 56 's 's POS 35419 2 57 _ _ NNP 35419 2 58 Handwork Handwork NNP 35419 2 59 in in IN 35419 2 60 Wood Wood NNP 35419 2 61 _ _ NNP 35419 2 62 . . . 35419 3 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 3 2 1 1 LS 35419 3 3 ] ] -RRB- 35419 3 4 It -PRON- PRP 35419 3 5 is be VBZ 35419 3 6 an an DT 35419 3 7 attempt attempt NN 35419 3 8 to to TO 35419 3 9 collect collect VB 35419 3 10 and and CC 35419 3 11 arrange arrange VB 35419 3 12 in in IN 35419 3 13 available available JJ 35419 3 14 form form NN 35419 3 15 useful useful JJ 35419 3 16 information information NN 35419 3 17 , , , 35419 3 18 now now RB 35419 3 19 widely widely RB 35419 3 20 scattered scatter VBN 35419 3 21 , , , 35419 3 22 about about IN 35419 3 23 our -PRON- PRP$ 35419 3 24 common common JJ 35419 3 25 woods wood NNS 35419 3 26 , , , 35419 3 27 their -PRON- PRP$ 35419 3 28 sources source NNS 35419 3 29 , , , 35419 3 30 growth growth NN 35419 3 31 , , , 35419 3 32 properties property NNS 35419 3 33 and and CC 35419 3 34 uses use NNS 35419 3 35 . . . 35419 4 1 As as IN 35419 4 2 in in IN 35419 4 3 the the DT 35419 4 4 other other JJ 35419 4 5 volume volume NN 35419 4 6 , , , 35419 4 7 the the DT 35419 4 8 credit credit NN 35419 4 9 for for IN 35419 4 10 the the DT 35419 4 11 successful successful JJ 35419 4 12 completion completion NN 35419 4 13 of of IN 35419 4 14 the the DT 35419 4 15 book book NN 35419 4 16 is be VBZ 35419 4 17 to to TO 35419 4 18 be be VB 35419 4 19 given give VBN 35419 4 20 to to IN 35419 4 21 my -PRON- PRP$ 35419 4 22 wife wife NN 35419 4 23 , , , 35419 4 24 Anna Anna NNP 35419 4 25 Gausmann Gausmann NNP 35419 4 26 Noyes Noyes NNP 35419 4 27 , , , 35419 4 28 who who WP 35419 4 29 has have VBZ 35419 4 30 made make VBN 35419 4 31 the the DT 35419 4 32 drawings drawing NNS 35419 4 33 and and CC 35419 4 34 maps map NNS 35419 4 35 , , , 35419 4 36 corrected correct VBD 35419 4 37 the the DT 35419 4 38 text text NN 35419 4 39 , , , 35419 4 40 read read VB 35419 4 41 the the DT 35419 4 42 proof proof NN 35419 4 43 , , , 35419 4 44 and and CC 35419 4 45 carried carry VBD 35419 4 46 the the DT 35419 4 47 work work NN 35419 4 48 thru thru IN 35419 4 49 to to IN 35419 4 50 its -PRON- PRP$ 35419 4 51 final final JJ 35419 4 52 completion completion NN 35419 4 53 . . . 35419 5 1 Acknowledgments acknowledgment NNS 35419 5 2 are be VBP 35419 5 3 hereby hereby RB 35419 5 4 thankfully thankfully RB 35419 5 5 made make VBN 35419 5 6 for for IN 35419 5 7 corrections correction NNS 35419 5 8 and and CC 35419 5 9 suggestions suggestion NNS 35419 5 10 in in IN 35419 5 11 the the DT 35419 5 12 text text NN 35419 5 13 to to IN 35419 5 14 the the DT 35419 5 15 following follow VBG 35419 5 16 persons person NNS 35419 5 17 : : : 35419 5 18 Mr. Mr. NNP 35419 5 19 A. A. NNP 35419 5 20 D. D. NNP 35419 5 21 Hopkins Hopkins NNP 35419 5 22 , , , 35419 5 23 of of IN 35419 5 24 the the DT 35419 5 25 United United NNP 35419 5 26 States States NNP 35419 5 27 Department Department NNP 35419 5 28 of of IN 35419 5 29 Agriculture Agriculture NNP 35419 5 30 , , , 35419 5 31 Bureau Bureau NNP 35419 5 32 of of IN 35419 5 33 Entomology Entomology NNP 35419 5 34 , , , 35419 5 35 for for IN 35419 5 36 revision revision NN 35419 5 37 of of IN 35419 5 38 the the DT 35419 5 39 text text NN 35419 5 40 relating relate VBG 35419 5 41 to to IN 35419 5 42 Insect Insect NNP 35419 5 43 Enemies Enemies NNPS 35419 5 44 of of IN 35419 5 45 the the DT 35419 5 46 Forest Forest NNP 35419 5 47 , , , 35419 5 48 in in IN 35419 5 49 Chapter Chapter NNP 35419 5 50 VI VI NNP 35419 5 51 . . . 35419 6 1 Mr. Mr. NNP 35419 6 2 George George NNP 35419 6 3 G. G. NNP 35419 6 4 Hedgcock Hedgcock NNP 35419 6 5 , , , 35419 6 6 of of IN 35419 6 7 the the DT 35419 6 8 United United NNP 35419 6 9 States States NNP 35419 6 10 Bureau Bureau NNP 35419 6 11 of of IN 35419 6 12 Agriculture Agriculture NNP 35419 6 13 , , , 35419 6 14 Bureau Bureau NNP 35419 6 15 of of IN 35419 6 16 Plant Plant NNP 35419 6 17 Industry Industry NNP 35419 6 18 , , , 35419 6 19 for for IN 35419 6 20 revision revision NN 35419 6 21 of of IN 35419 6 22 the the DT 35419 6 23 text text NN 35419 6 24 relating relate VBG 35419 6 25 to to IN 35419 6 26 the the DT 35419 6 27 fungal fungal JJ 35419 6 28 enemies enemy NNS 35419 6 29 of of IN 35419 6 30 the the DT 35419 6 31 forest forest NN 35419 6 32 , , , 35419 6 33 in in IN 35419 6 34 Chapter Chapter NNP 35419 6 35 VI VI NNP 35419 6 36 . . . 35419 7 1 Mr. Mr. NNP 35419 7 2 S. S. NNP 35419 7 3 T. T. NNP 35419 7 4 Dana Dana NNP 35419 7 5 and and CC 35419 7 6 Mr. Mr. NNP 35419 7 7 Burnett Burnett NNP 35419 7 8 Barrows Barrows NNP 35419 7 9 , , , 35419 7 10 of of IN 35419 7 11 the the DT 35419 7 12 United United NNP 35419 7 13 States States NNP 35419 7 14 Department Department NNP 35419 7 15 of of IN 35419 7 16 Agriculture Agriculture NNP 35419 7 17 , , , 35419 7 18 Forest Forest NNP 35419 7 19 Service Service NNP 35419 7 20 , , , 35419 7 21 for for IN 35419 7 22 revision revision NN 35419 7 23 of of IN 35419 7 24 Chapters Chapters NNP 35419 7 25 IV IV NNP 35419 7 26 , , , 35419 7 27 V V NNP 35419 7 28 , , , 35419 7 29 VI VI NNP 35419 7 30 , , , 35419 7 31 VII VII NNP 35419 7 32 , , , 35419 7 33 and and CC 35419 7 34 VIII viii NN 35419 7 35 . . . 35419 8 1 Professor Professor NNP 35419 8 2 Charles Charles NNP 35419 8 3 R. R. NNP 35419 8 4 Richards Richards NNP 35419 8 5 , , , 35419 8 6 formerly formerly RB 35419 8 7 Head Head NNP 35419 8 8 of of IN 35419 8 9 the the DT 35419 8 10 Manual Manual NNP 35419 8 11 Training Training NNP 35419 8 12 Department Department NNP 35419 8 13 of of IN 35419 8 14 Teachers Teachers NNPS 35419 8 15 College College NNP 35419 8 16 , , , 35419 8 17 my -PRON- PRP$ 35419 8 18 predecessor predecessor NN 35419 8 19 as as IN 35419 8 20 lecturer lecturer NN 35419 8 21 of of IN 35419 8 22 the the DT 35419 8 23 course course NN 35419 8 24 out out IN 35419 8 25 of of IN 35419 8 26 which which WDT 35419 8 27 this this DT 35419 8 28 book book NN 35419 8 29 has have VBZ 35419 8 30 grown grow VBN 35419 8 31 . . . 35419 9 1 Professor Professor NNP 35419 9 2 M. M. NNP 35419 9 3 A. A. NNP 35419 9 4 Bigelow Bigelow NNP 35419 9 5 , , , 35419 9 6 Head Head NNP 35419 9 7 of of IN 35419 9 8 the the DT 35419 9 9 Department Department NNP 35419 9 10 of of IN 35419 9 11 Botany Botany NNP 35419 9 12 of of IN 35419 9 13 Teachers Teachers NNPS 35419 9 14 College College NNP 35419 9 15 , , , 35419 9 16 for for IN 35419 9 17 revision revision NN 35419 9 18 of of IN 35419 9 19 Chapter Chapter NNP 35419 9 20 I I NNP 35419 9 21 , , , 35419 9 22 on on IN 35419 9 23 the the DT 35419 9 24 Structure Structure NNP 35419 9 25 of of IN 35419 9 26 Wood Wood NNP 35419 9 27 . . . 35419 10 1 Mr. Mr. NNP 35419 10 2 Romeyn Romeyn NNP 35419 10 3 B. B. NNP 35419 10 4 Hough Hough NNP 35419 10 5 , , , 35419 10 6 of of IN 35419 10 7 Lowville Lowville NNP 35419 10 8 , , , 35419 10 9 N. N. NNP 35419 10 10 Y. Y. NNP 35419 10 11 , , , 35419 10 12 author author NN 35419 10 13 of of IN 35419 10 14 _ _ NNP 35419 10 15 American American NNP 35419 10 16 Woods Woods NNP 35419 10 17 _ _ NNP 35419 10 18 and and CC 35419 10 19 _ _ NNP 35419 10 20 Handbook Handbook NNP 35419 10 21 of of IN 35419 10 22 the the DT 35419 10 23 Trees tree NNS 35419 10 24 of of IN 35419 10 25 the the DT 35419 10 26 Northern Northern NNP 35419 10 27 States States NNPS 35419 10 28 and and CC 35419 10 29 Canada Canada NNP 35419 10 30 _ _ NNP 35419 10 31 , , , 35419 10 32 for for IN 35419 10 33 suggestions suggestion NNS 35419 10 34 in in IN 35419 10 35 preparing prepare VBG 35419 10 36 the the DT 35419 10 37 maps map NNS 35419 10 38 in in IN 35419 10 39 Chapter Chapter NNP 35419 10 40 III III NNP 35419 10 41 . . . 35419 11 1 The the DT 35419 11 2 Forest Forest NNP 35419 11 3 Service Service NNP 35419 11 4 , , , 35419 11 5 Washington Washington NNP 35419 11 6 , , , 35419 11 7 D. D. NNP 35419 11 8 C. C. NNP 35419 11 9 , , , 35419 11 10 for for IN 35419 11 11 photographs photograph NNS 35419 11 12 and and CC 35419 11 13 maps map NNS 35419 11 14 credited credit VBN 35419 11 15 to to IN 35419 11 16 it -PRON- PRP 35419 11 17 , , , 35419 11 18 and and CC 35419 11 19 for for IN 35419 11 20 permission permission NN 35419 11 21 to to TO 35419 11 22 reprint reprint VB 35419 11 23 the the DT 35419 11 24 key key NN 35419 11 25 to to IN 35419 11 26 the the DT 35419 11 27 identification identification NN 35419 11 28 of of IN 35419 11 29 woods wood NNS 35419 11 30 which which WDT 35419 11 31 appears appear VBZ 35419 11 32 in in IN 35419 11 33 Forest Forest NNP 35419 11 34 Service Service NNP 35419 11 35 Bulletin Bulletin NNP 35419 11 36 No no NN 35419 11 37 . . . 35419 12 1 10 10 CD 35419 12 2 , , , 35419 12 3 _ _ NNP 35419 12 4 Timber Timber NNP 35419 12 5 _ _ NNP 35419 12 6 , , , 35419 12 7 by by IN 35419 12 8 Filibert Filibert NNP 35419 12 9 Roth Roth NNP 35419 12 10 . . . 35419 13 1 The the DT 35419 13 2 Division Division NNP 35419 13 3 of of IN 35419 13 4 Publications Publications NNP 35419 13 5 , , , 35419 13 6 U. U. NNP 35419 13 7 S. S. NNP 35419 13 8 Department Department NNP 35419 13 9 of of IN 35419 13 10 Agriculture Agriculture NNP 35419 13 11 , , , 35419 13 12 for for IN 35419 13 13 permission permission NN 35419 13 14 to to TO 35419 13 15 copy copy VB 35419 13 16 illustrations illustration NNS 35419 13 17 in in IN 35419 13 18 bulletins bulletin NNS 35419 13 19 . . . 35419 14 1 The the DT 35419 14 2 Macmillan Macmillan NNP 35419 14 3 Company Company NNP 35419 14 4 , , , 35419 14 5 New New NNP 35419 14 6 York York NNP 35419 14 7 , , , 35419 14 8 for for IN 35419 14 9 permission permission NN 35419 14 10 to to TO 35419 14 11 reproduce reproduce VB 35419 14 12 Fig Fig NNP 35419 14 13 . . . 35419 15 1 86 86 CD 35419 15 2 , , , 35419 15 3 Portion portion NN 35419 15 4 of of IN 35419 15 5 the the DT 35419 15 6 Mycelium Mycelium NNP 35419 15 7 of of IN 35419 15 8 Dry Dry NNP 35419 15 9 Rot Rot NNP 35419 15 10 , , , 35419 15 11 from from IN 35419 15 12 _ _ NNP 35419 15 13 Timber Timber NNP 35419 15 14 and and CC 35419 15 15 Some some DT 35419 15 16 of of IN 35419 15 17 its -PRON- PRP$ 35419 15 18 Diseases Diseases NNP 35419 15 19 _ _ NNP 35419 15 20 , , , 35419 15 21 by by IN 35419 15 22 H. H. NNP 35419 15 23 M. M. NNP 35419 15 24 Ward Ward NNP 35419 15 25 . . . 35419 16 1 Mrs. Mrs. NNP 35419 16 2 Katharine Katharine NNP 35419 16 3 Golden Golden NNP 35419 16 4 Bitting Bitting NNP 35419 16 5 , , , 35419 16 6 of of IN 35419 16 7 Lafayette Lafayette NNP 35419 16 8 , , , 35419 16 9 Indiana Indiana NNP 35419 16 10 , , , 35419 16 11 for for IN 35419 16 12 the the DT 35419 16 13 photograph photograph NN 35419 16 14 of of IN 35419 16 15 the the DT 35419 16 16 cross cross NN 35419 16 17 - - NN 35419 16 18 section section NN 35419 16 19 of of IN 35419 16 20 a a DT 35419 16 21 bud bud NN 35419 16 22 , , , 35419 16 23 Figure Figure NNP 35419 16 24 5 5 CD 35419 16 25 . . . 35419 17 1 Finally finally RB 35419 17 2 and and CC 35419 17 3 not not RB 35419 17 4 least least JJS 35419 17 5 I -PRON- PRP 35419 17 6 hereby hereby RB 35419 17 7 acknowledge acknowledge VBP 35419 17 8 my -PRON- PRP$ 35419 17 9 obligations obligation NNS 35419 17 10 to to IN 35419 17 11 the the DT 35419 17 12 various various JJ 35419 17 13 writers writer NNS 35419 17 14 and and CC 35419 17 15 publishers publisher NNS 35419 17 16 whose whose WP$ 35419 17 17 books book NNS 35419 17 18 and and CC 35419 17 19 articles article NNS 35419 17 20 I -PRON- PRP 35419 17 21 have have VBP 35419 17 22 freely freely RB 35419 17 23 used use VBN 35419 17 24 . . . 35419 18 1 As as RB 35419 18 2 far far RB 35419 18 3 as as IN 35419 18 4 possible possible JJ 35419 18 5 , , , 35419 18 6 appropriate appropriate JJ 35419 18 7 credit credit NN 35419 18 8 is be VBZ 35419 18 9 given give VBN 35419 18 10 in in IN 35419 18 11 the the DT 35419 18 12 paged page VBN 35419 18 13 references reference NNS 35419 18 14 at at IN 35419 18 15 the the DT 35419 18 16 end end NN 35419 18 17 of of IN 35419 18 18 each each DT 35419 18 19 chapter chapter NN 35419 18 20 . . . 35419 19 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 19 2 Footnote footnote NN 35419 19 3 1 1 CD 35419 19 4 : : : 35419 19 5 William William NNP 35419 19 6 Noyes Noyes NNP 35419 19 7 , , , 35419 19 8 _ _ NNP 35419 19 9 Handwork Handwork NNP 35419 19 10 in in IN 35419 19 11 Wood Wood NNP 35419 19 12 _ _ NNP 35419 19 13 , , , 35419 19 14 Peoria Peoria NNP 35419 19 15 , , , 35419 19 16 Ill. Illinois NNP 35419 20 1 The the DT 35419 20 2 Manual Manual NNP 35419 20 3 Arts Arts NNPS 35419 20 4 Press Press NNP 35419 20 5 , , , 35419 20 6 231 231 CD 35419 20 7 pp pp NNP 35419 20 8 . . NNP 35419 20 9 , , , 35419 20 10 $ $ $ 35419 20 11 2 2 CD 35419 20 12 . . . 35419 20 13 ] ] -RRB- 35419 21 1 CONTENTS content NNS 35419 21 2 . . . 35419 22 1 CHAPTER CHAPTER NNP 35419 22 2 PAGE PAGE NNP 35419 22 3 General General NNP 35419 22 4 Bibliography Bibliography NNP 35419 22 5 4 4 CD 35419 22 6 I i NN 35419 22 7 The the DT 35419 22 8 Structure Structure NNP 35419 22 9 of of IN 35419 22 10 Wood wood NN 35419 22 11 9 9 CD 35419 22 12 II II NNP 35419 22 13 Properties Properties NNPS 35419 22 14 of of IN 35419 22 15 Wood wood NN 35419 22 16 41 41 CD 35419 22 17 III iii CD 35419 22 18 The the DT 35419 22 19 Principal Principal NNP 35419 22 20 Species Species NNPS 35419 22 21 of of IN 35419 22 22 American American NNP 35419 22 23 Woods Woods NNP 35419 22 24 57 57 CD 35419 22 25 IV IV NNP 35419 22 26 The the DT 35419 22 27 Distribution Distribution NNP 35419 22 28 and and CC 35419 22 29 Composition Composition NNP 35419 22 30 of of IN 35419 22 31 the the DT 35419 22 32 North North NNP 35419 22 33 American American NNP 35419 22 34 Forests Forests NNP 35419 22 35 197 197 CD 35419 22 36 V v NN 35419 22 37 The the DT 35419 22 38 Forest Forest NNP 35419 22 39 Organism organism NN 35419 22 40 211 211 CD 35419 22 41 VI VI NNP 35419 22 42 Natural Natural NNP 35419 22 43 Enemies Enemies NNPS 35419 22 44 of of IN 35419 22 45 the the DT 35419 22 46 Forest Forest NNP 35419 22 47 229 229 CD 35419 22 48 VII vii NN 35419 22 49 The the DT 35419 22 50 Exhaustion Exhaustion NNP 35419 22 51 of of IN 35419 22 52 the the DT 35419 22 53 Forest Forest NNP 35419 22 54 251 251 CD 35419 22 55 VIII viii VB 35419 22 56 The the DT 35419 22 57 Use Use NNP 35419 22 58 of of IN 35419 22 59 the the DT 35419 22 60 Forest Forest NNP 35419 22 61 271 271 CD 35419 22 62 Appendix Appendix NNP 35419 22 63 289 289 CD 35419 22 64 Index Index NNP 35419 22 65 304 304 CD 35419 22 66 GENERAL GENERAL NNP 35419 22 67 BIBLIOGRAPHY BIBLIOGRAPHY NNP 35419 22 68 Apgar Apgar NNP 35419 22 69 , , , 35419 22 70 A. a. NN 35419 22 71 G. G. NNP 35419 22 72 , , , 35419 22 73 _ _ NNP 35419 22 74 Trees Trees NNP 35419 22 75 of of IN 35419 22 76 the the DT 35419 22 77 Northern Northern NNP 35419 22 78 United United NNP 35419 22 79 States States NNP 35419 22 80 _ _ NNP 35419 22 81 . . . 35419 23 1 N. N. NNP 35419 23 2 Y. Y. NNP 35419 23 3 : : : 35419 23 4 American American NNP 35419 23 5 Book Book NNP 35419 23 6 Co. Co. NNP 35419 23 7 , , , 35419 23 8 224 224 CD 35419 23 9 pp pp NN 35419 23 10 . . . 35419 24 1 A a DT 35419 24 2 small small JJ 35419 24 3 book book NN 35419 24 4 dealing deal VBG 35419 24 5 with with IN 35419 24 6 the the DT 35419 24 7 botany botany NN 35419 24 8 of of IN 35419 24 9 trees tree NNS 35419 24 10 , , , 35419 24 11 giving give VBG 35419 24 12 descriptions description NNS 35419 24 13 of of IN 35419 24 14 their -PRON- PRP$ 35419 24 15 essential essential JJ 35419 24 16 organs organ NNS 35419 24 17 , , , 35419 24 18 and and CC 35419 24 19 particularly particularly RB 35419 24 20 valuable valuable JJ 35419 24 21 for for IN 35419 24 22 the the DT 35419 24 23 leaf leaf NN 35419 24 24 key key NN 35419 24 25 to to IN 35419 24 26 the the DT 35419 24 27 trees tree NNS 35419 24 28 . . . 35419 25 1 It -PRON- PRP 35419 25 2 should should MD 35419 25 3 be be VB 35419 25 4 supplemented supplement VBN 35419 25 5 by by IN 35419 25 6 Keeler Keeler NNP 35419 25 7 or or CC 35419 25 8 Hough Hough NNP 35419 25 9 's 's POS 35419 25 10 Handbook Handbook NNP 35419 25 11 . . . 35419 26 1 Baterden Baterden NNP 35419 26 2 , , , 35419 26 3 J. J. NNP 35419 26 4 R. R. NNP 35419 26 5 , , , 35419 26 6 _ _ NNP 35419 26 7 Timber Timber NNP 35419 26 8 _ _ NNP 35419 26 9 . . . 35419 27 1 N. N. NNP 35419 27 2 Y. Y. NNP 35419 27 3 : : : 35419 27 4 D. D. NNP 35419 27 5 Van Van NNP 35419 27 6 Nostrand Nostrand NNP 35419 27 7 Co. Co. NNP 35419 27 8 , , , 35419 27 9 1908 1908 CD 35419 27 10 , , , 35419 27 11 351 351 CD 35419 27 12 pp pp NNS 35419 27 13 . . . 35419 28 1 A a DT 35419 28 2 description description NN 35419 28 3 of of IN 35419 28 4 the the DT 35419 28 5 timbers timber NNS 35419 28 6 of of IN 35419 28 7 various various JJ 35419 28 8 countries country NNS 35419 28 9 , , , 35419 28 10 discussion discussion NN 35419 28 11 of of IN 35419 28 12 timber timber NN 35419 28 13 defects defect NNS 35419 28 14 , , , 35419 28 15 timber timber NN 35419 28 16 tests test NNS 35419 28 17 , , , 35419 28 18 etc etc FW 35419 28 19 . . . 35419 29 1 Bitting Bitting NNP 35419 29 2 , , , 35419 29 3 K. K. NNP 35419 29 4 G. G. NNP 35419 29 5 , , , 35419 29 6 _ _ NNP 35419 29 7 The the DT 35419 29 8 Structure Structure NNP 35419 29 9 of of IN 35419 29 10 Wood Wood NNP 35419 29 11 _ _ NNP 35419 29 12 . . . 35419 30 1 _ _ NNP 35419 30 2 Wood Wood NNP 35419 30 3 Craft Craft NNP 35419 30 4 _ _ NNP 35419 30 5 , , , 35419 30 6 5 5 CD 35419 30 7 : : SYM 35419 30 8 76 76 CD 35419 30 9 , , , 35419 30 10 106 106 CD 35419 30 11 , , , 35419 30 12 144 144 CD 35419 30 13 , , , 35419 30 14 172 172 CD 35419 30 15 , , , 35419 30 16 June June NNP 35419 30 17 - - HYPH 35419 30 18 Sept Sept NNP 35419 30 19 . . NNP 35419 30 20 , , , 35419 30 21 ' ' '' 35419 30 22 06 06 CD 35419 30 23 . . . 35419 31 1 A a DT 35419 31 2 very very RB 35419 31 3 scholarly scholarly JJ 35419 31 4 and and CC 35419 31 5 valuable valuable JJ 35419 31 6 series series NN 35419 31 7 of of IN 35419 31 8 articles article NNS 35419 31 9 on on IN 35419 31 10 wood wood NN 35419 31 11 structure structure NN 35419 31 12 and and CC 35419 31 13 growth growth NN 35419 31 14 . . . 35419 32 1 Excellent excellent JJ 35419 32 2 microphotographs microphotograph NNS 35419 32 3 . . . 35419 33 1 Britton Britton NNP 35419 33 2 , , , 35419 33 3 Nathaniel Nathaniel NNP 35419 33 4 Lord Lord NNP 35419 33 5 , , , 35419 33 6 _ _ NNP 35419 33 7 North North NNP 35419 33 8 American American NNP 35419 33 9 Trees Trees NNP 35419 33 10 _ _ NNP 35419 33 11 . . . 35419 34 1 N. N. NNP 35419 34 2 Y. Y. NNP 35419 34 3 : : : 35419 34 4 Henry Henry NNP 35419 34 5 Holt Holt NNP 35419 34 6 & & CC 35419 34 7 Co. Co. NNP 35419 34 8 , , , 35419 34 9 1908 1908 CD 35419 34 10 , , , 35419 34 11 894 894 CD 35419 34 12 pp pp NN 35419 34 13 . . . 35419 35 1 A a DT 35419 35 2 description description NN 35419 35 3 of of IN 35419 35 4 all all PDT 35419 35 5 the the DT 35419 35 6 kinds kind NNS 35419 35 7 of of IN 35419 35 8 trees tree NNS 35419 35 9 growing grow VBG 35419 35 10 independently independently RB 35419 35 11 of of IN 35419 35 12 cultivation cultivation NN 35419 35 13 in in IN 35419 35 14 North North NNP 35419 35 15 America America NNP 35419 35 16 , , , 35419 35 17 north north RB 35419 35 18 of of IN 35419 35 19 Mexico Mexico NNP 35419 35 20 , , , 35419 35 21 and and CC 35419 35 22 the the DT 35419 35 23 West West NNP 35419 35 24 Indies Indies NNPS 35419 35 25 . . . 35419 36 1 The the DT 35419 36 2 standard standard JJ 35419 36 3 Botany Botany NNP 35419 36 4 of of IN 35419 36 5 trees tree NNS 35419 36 6 . . . 35419 37 1 Boulger Boulger NNP 35419 37 2 , , , 35419 37 3 G. G. NNP 35419 37 4 S. S. NNP 35419 37 5 , , , 35419 37 6 _ _ NNP 35419 37 7 Wood Wood NNP 35419 37 8 _ _ NNP 35419 37 9 . . . 35419 38 1 London London NNP 35419 38 2 : : : 35419 38 3 Edward Edward NNP 35419 38 4 Arnold Arnold NNP 35419 38 5 , , , 35419 38 6 369 369 CD 35419 38 7 pp pp NN 35419 38 8 . . . 35419 39 1 A a DT 35419 39 2 thoro thoro JJ 35419 39 3 discussion discussion NN 35419 39 4 of of IN 35419 39 5 wood wood NN 35419 39 6 structure structure NN 35419 39 7 , , , 35419 39 8 with with IN 35419 39 9 chapters chapter NNS 35419 39 10 on on IN 35419 39 11 the the DT 35419 39 12 recognition recognition NN 35419 39 13 and and CC 35419 39 14 classification classification NN 35419 39 15 of of IN 35419 39 16 woods wood NNS 35419 39 17 , , , 35419 39 18 defects defect NNS 35419 39 19 , , , 35419 39 20 preservation preservation NN 35419 39 21 , , , 35419 39 22 uses use NNS 35419 39 23 , , , 35419 39 24 tests test NNS 35419 39 25 , , , 35419 39 26 supplies supply NNS 35419 39 27 , , , 35419 39 28 and and CC 35419 39 29 sources source NNS 35419 39 30 of of IN 35419 39 31 wood wood NN 35419 39 32 . . . 35419 40 1 Good good JJ 35419 40 2 illustrations illustration NNS 35419 40 3 . . . 35419 41 1 Bruce Bruce NNP 35419 41 2 , , , 35419 41 3 E. E. NNP 35419 41 4 S. S. NNP 35419 41 5 , , , 35419 41 6 _ _ NNP 35419 41 7 Frost Frost NNP 35419 41 8 Checks Checks NNPS 35419 41 9 and and CC 35419 41 10 Wind Wind NNP 35419 41 11 Shakes Shakes NNPS 35419 41 12 _ _ NNP 35419 41 13 . . . 35419 42 1 _ _ NNP 35419 42 2 Forestry Forestry NNP 35419 42 3 and and CC 35419 42 4 Irrigation Irrigation NNP 35419 42 5 _ _ NNP 35419 42 6 , , , 35419 42 7 8 8 CD 35419 42 8 : : SYM 35419 42 9 159 159 CD 35419 42 10 , , , 35419 42 11 April April NNP 35419 42 12 , , , 35419 42 13 ' ' '' 35419 42 14 02 02 CD 35419 42 15 . . . 35419 43 1 An an DT 35419 43 2 original original JJ 35419 43 3 study study NN 35419 43 4 of of IN 35419 43 5 the the DT 35419 43 6 splitting splitting NN 35419 43 7 of of IN 35419 43 8 trees tree NNS 35419 43 9 by by IN 35419 43 10 sudden sudden JJ 35419 43 11 frost frost NN 35419 43 12 and and CC 35419 43 13 thaw thaw NN 35419 43 14 . . . 35419 44 1 Bruncken Bruncken NNP 35419 44 2 , , , 35419 44 3 Ernest Ernest NNP 35419 44 4 , , , 35419 44 5 _ _ NNP 35419 44 6 North North NNP 35419 44 7 American American NNP 35419 44 8 Forests Forests NNPS 35419 44 9 and and CC 35419 44 10 Forestry Forestry NNP 35419 44 11 _ _ NNP 35419 44 12 . . . 35419 45 1 N. N. NNP 35419 45 2 Y. Y. NNP 35419 45 3 : : : 35419 45 4 G. G. NNP 35419 45 5 P. P. NNP 35419 45 6 Putnam Putnam NNP 35419 45 7 's 's POS 35419 45 8 Sons son NNS 35419 45 9 . . . 35419 46 1 265 265 CD 35419 46 2 pp pp NNP 35419 46 3 . . . 35419 47 1 A a DT 35419 47 2 comprehensive comprehensive JJ 35419 47 3 survey survey NN 35419 47 4 of of IN 35419 47 5 American American NNP 35419 47 6 Forestry Forestry NNP 35419 47 7 conditions condition NNS 35419 47 8 including include VBG 35419 47 9 the the DT 35419 47 10 forest forest NN 35419 47 11 industries industry NNS 35419 47 12 , , , 35419 47 13 fires fire NNS 35419 47 14 , , , 35419 47 15 taxation taxation NN 35419 47 16 , , , 35419 47 17 and and CC 35419 47 18 management management NN 35419 47 19 . . . 35419 48 1 No no DT 35419 48 2 illustrations illustration NNS 35419 48 3 . . . 35419 49 1 Busbridge Busbridge NNP 35419 49 2 , , , 35419 49 3 Harold Harold NNP 35419 49 4 , , , 35419 49 5 _ _ NNP 35419 49 6 The the DT 35419 49 7 Shrinkage Shrinkage NNP 35419 49 8 and and CC 35419 49 9 Warping Warping NNP 35419 49 10 of of IN 35419 49 11 Timber Timber NNP 35419 49 12 _ _ NNP 35419 49 13 . . . 35419 50 1 _ _ NNP 35419 50 2 Sci Sci NNP 35419 50 3 . . . 35419 51 1 Amer amer NN 35419 51 2 . . . 35419 52 1 Suppl Suppl NNP 35419 52 2 . . . 35419 52 3 _ _ NNP 35419 52 4 , , , 35419 52 5 No no UH 35419 52 6 . . . 35419 53 1 1500 1500 CD 35419 53 2 , , , 35419 53 3 Oct. October NNP 35419 53 4 1 1 CD 35419 53 5 , , , 35419 53 6 1904 1904 CD 35419 53 7 . . . 35419 54 1 Good good JJ 35419 54 2 photographic photographic JJ 35419 54 3 illustrations illustration NNS 35419 54 4 . . . 35419 55 1 Comstock Comstock NNP 35419 55 2 , , , 35419 55 3 J. J. NNP 35419 55 4 H. H. NNP 35419 55 5 and and CC 35419 55 6 A. A. NNP 35419 56 1 B. B. NNP 35419 56 2 , , , 35419 56 3 _ _ NNP 35419 56 4 A A NNP 35419 56 5 Manual Manual NNP 35419 56 6 for for IN 35419 56 7 the the DT 35419 56 8 Study Study NNP 35419 56 9 of of IN 35419 56 10 Insects Insects NNPS 35419 56 11 _ _ NNP 35419 56 12 . . . 35419 57 1 Ithaca ithaca NN 35419 57 2 , , , 35419 57 3 N. N. NNP 35419 57 4 Y. Y. NNP 35419 57 5 : : : 35419 57 6 Comstock Comstock NNP 35419 57 7 Publishing Publishing NNP 35419 57 8 Co. Co. NNP 35419 57 9 , , , 35419 57 10 701 701 CD 35419 57 11 pp pp NN 35419 57 12 . . . 35419 58 1 Valuable valuable JJ 35419 58 2 for for IN 35419 58 3 reference reference NN 35419 58 4 in in IN 35419 58 5 classifying classify VBG 35419 58 6 insects insect NNS 35419 58 7 injurious injurious JJ 35419 58 8 to to IN 35419 58 9 wood wood NN 35419 58 10 . . . 35419 59 1 Curtis Curtis NNP 35419 59 2 , , , 35419 59 3 Carleton Carleton NNP 35419 59 4 C. C. NNP 35419 59 5 , , , 35419 59 6 _ _ NNP 35419 59 7 Nature Nature NNP 35419 59 8 and and CC 35419 59 9 Development Development NNP 35419 59 10 of of IN 35419 59 11 Plants Plants NNPS 35419 59 12 _ _ NNP 35419 59 13 . . . 35419 60 1 N. N. NNP 35419 60 2 Y. Y. NNP 35419 60 3 : : : 35419 60 4 Henry Henry NNP 35419 60 5 Holt Holt NNP 35419 60 6 & & CC 35419 60 7 Co. Co. NNP 35419 60 8 , , , 35419 60 9 1907 1907 CD 35419 60 10 , , , 35419 60 11 471 471 CD 35419 60 12 pp pp NNS 35419 60 13 . . . 35419 61 1 Chapter chapter NN 35419 61 2 III III NNP 35419 61 3 is be VBZ 35419 61 4 a a DT 35419 61 5 very very RB 35419 61 6 clear clear JJ 35419 61 7 and and CC 35419 61 8 excellent excellent JJ 35419 61 9 discussion discussion NN 35419 61 10 of of IN 35419 61 11 the the DT 35419 61 12 structure structure NN 35419 61 13 of of IN 35419 61 14 the the DT 35419 61 15 stem stem NN 35419 61 16 of of IN 35419 61 17 plants plant NNS 35419 61 18 ( ( -LRB- 35419 61 19 including include VBG 35419 61 20 wood wood NN 35419 61 21 ) ) -RRB- 35419 61 22 . . . 35419 62 1 Encyclopedia Encyclopedia NNP 35419 62 2 Brittannica Brittannica NNP 35419 62 3 , , , 35419 62 4 Eleventh Eleventh NNP 35419 62 5 Edition Edition NNP 35419 62 6 , , , 35419 62 7 Cambridge Cambridge NNP 35419 62 8 : : : 35419 62 9 At at IN 35419 62 10 the the DT 35419 62 11 University University NNP 35419 62 12 Press Press NNP 35419 62 13 . . . 35419 63 1 Article article NN 35419 63 2 : : : 35419 63 3 _ _ NNP 35419 63 4 Forests Forests NNPS 35419 63 5 and and CC 35419 63 6 Forestry Forestry NNP 35419 63 7 _ _ NNP 35419 63 8 , , , 35419 63 9 Vol Vol NNP 35419 63 10 . . . 35419 64 1 10 10 CD 35419 64 2 , , , 35419 64 3 p. p. NN 35419 64 4 645 645 CD 35419 64 5 . . . 35419 65 1 Article article NN 35419 65 2 : : : 35419 65 3 _ _ NNP 35419 65 4 Plants Plants NNP 35419 65 5 _ _ NNP 35419 65 6 , , , 35419 65 7 Anatomy Anatomy NNP 35419 65 8 of of IN 35419 65 9 , , , 35419 65 10 Vol Vol NNP 35419 65 11 . . . 35419 66 1 21 21 CD 35419 66 2 , , , 35419 66 3 p. p. NN 35419 66 4 741 741 CD 35419 66 5 . . . 35419 67 1 Article article NN 35419 67 2 : : : 35419 67 3 _ _ NNP 35419 67 4 Timber Timber NNP 35419 67 5 _ _ NNP 35419 67 6 Vol Vol NNP 35419 67 7 . . . 35419 68 1 26 26 CD 35419 68 2 , , , 35419 68 3 p. p. NN 35419 68 4 978 978 CD 35419 68 5 . . . 35419 69 1 Felt Felt NNP 35419 69 2 , , , 35419 69 3 E. E. NNP 35419 69 4 P. P. NNP 35419 69 5 , , , 35419 69 6 _ _ NNP 35419 69 7 The the DT 35419 69 8 Gypsy Gypsy NNP 35419 69 9 and and CC 35419 69 10 Brown Brown NNP 35419 69 11 Tail Tail NNP 35419 69 12 Moths Moths NNPS 35419 69 13 _ _ NNP 35419 69 14 . . . 35419 70 1 N. N. NNP 35419 70 2 Y. Y. NNP 35419 71 1 State State NNP 35419 71 2 Museum Museum NNP 35419 71 3 : : : 35419 71 4 Bulletin Bulletin NNP 35419 71 5 103 103 CD 35419 71 6 , , , 35419 71 7 Entomology entomology NN 35419 71 8 , , , 35419 71 9 25 25 CD 35419 71 10 . . . 35419 72 1 Valuable valuable JJ 35419 72 2 for for IN 35419 72 3 colored colored JJ 35419 72 4 illustrations illustration NNS 35419 72 5 as as RB 35419 72 6 well well RB 35419 72 7 as as IN 35419 72 8 for for IN 35419 72 9 detailed detailed JJ 35419 72 10 descriptions description NNS 35419 72 11 . . . 35419 73 1 Fernow Fernow NNP 35419 73 2 , , , 35419 73 3 B. B. NNP 35419 73 4 E. E. NNP 35419 73 5 , , , 35419 73 6 _ _ NNP 35419 73 7 Economics Economics NNP 35419 73 8 of of IN 35419 73 9 Forestry Forestry NNP 35419 73 10 _ _ NNP 35419 73 11 . . . 35419 74 1 N. N. NNP 35419 74 2 Y. Y. NNP 35419 74 3 : : : 35419 74 4 T. T. NNP 35419 74 5 Y. Y. NNP 35419 74 6 Crowell Crowell NNP 35419 74 7 & & CC 35419 74 8 Co. Co. NNP 35419 74 9 1902 1902 CD 35419 74 10 , , , 35419 74 11 quarto quarto NNP 35419 74 12 520 520 CD 35419 74 13 pp pp NNP 35419 74 14 . . . 35419 75 1 A a DT 35419 75 2 treatment treatment NN 35419 75 3 of of IN 35419 75 4 forests forest NNS 35419 75 5 and and CC 35419 75 6 forestry forestry NN 35419 75 7 from from IN 35419 75 8 the the DT 35419 75 9 standpoint standpoint NN 35419 75 10 of of IN 35419 75 11 economics economic NNS 35419 75 12 , , , 35419 75 13 including include VBG 35419 75 14 a a DT 35419 75 15 comprehensive comprehensive JJ 35419 75 16 exposition exposition NN 35419 75 17 of of IN 35419 75 18 the the DT 35419 75 19 forester forester NN 35419 75 20 's 's POS 35419 75 21 art art NN 35419 75 22 , , , 35419 75 23 with with IN 35419 75 24 chapters chapter NNS 35419 75 25 on on IN 35419 75 26 forest forest NN 35419 75 27 conditions condition NNS 35419 75 28 , , , 35419 75 29 silviculture silviculture NN 35419 75 30 , , , 35419 75 31 forest forest NN 35419 75 32 policies policy NNS 35419 75 33 , , , 35419 75 34 and and CC 35419 75 35 methods method NNS 35419 75 36 of of IN 35419 75 37 business business NN 35419 75 38 conduct conduct NN 35419 75 39 , , , 35419 75 40 with with IN 35419 75 41 a a DT 35419 75 42 bibliography bibliography NN 35419 75 43 . . . 35419 76 1 Fernow Fernow NNP 35419 76 2 , , , 35419 76 3 B. B. NNP 35419 76 4 E. E. NNP 35419 76 5 , , , 35419 76 6 _ _ NNP 35419 76 7 Report Report NNP 35419 76 8 upon upon IN 35419 76 9 the the DT 35419 76 10 Forestry Forestry NNP 35419 76 11 Investigation Investigation NNP 35419 76 12 of of IN 35419 76 13 the the DT 35419 76 14 U. U. NNP 35419 76 15 S. S. NNP 35419 76 16 Department Department NNP 35419 76 17 of of IN 35419 76 18 Agriculture Agriculture NNP 35419 76 19 _ _ NNP 35419 76 20 , , , 35419 76 21 1887 1887 CD 35419 76 22 - - SYM 35419 76 23 1898 1898 CD 35419 76 24 . . . 35419 77 1 Fifty fifty CD 35419 77 2 - - HYPH 35419 77 3 fifth fifth JJ 35419 77 4 Congress Congress NNP 35419 77 5 , , , 35419 77 6 House House NNP 35419 77 7 of of IN 35419 77 8 Representatives Representatives NNPS 35419 77 9 , , , 35419 77 10 Document document NN 35419 77 11 No no NN 35419 77 12 . . . 35419 78 1 181 181 CD 35419 78 2 . . . 35419 79 1 Quarto Quarto NNP 35419 79 2 , , , 35419 79 3 401 401 CD 35419 79 4 pp pp NN 35419 79 5 . . . 35419 80 1 A a DT 35419 80 2 review review NN 35419 80 3 of of IN 35419 80 4 forests forest NNS 35419 80 5 and and CC 35419 80 6 forestry forestry NN 35419 80 7 in in IN 35419 80 8 the the DT 35419 80 9 U. U. NNP 35419 80 10 S. S. NNP 35419 80 11 , , , 35419 80 12 of of IN 35419 80 13 forest forest NN 35419 80 14 policies policy NNS 35419 80 15 of of IN 35419 80 16 European european JJ 35419 80 17 nations nation NNS 35419 80 18 , , , 35419 80 19 particularly particularly RB 35419 80 20 of of IN 35419 80 21 Germany Germany NNP 35419 80 22 , , , 35419 80 23 of of IN 35419 80 24 the the DT 35419 80 25 principles principle NNS 35419 80 26 of of IN 35419 80 27 silviculture silviculture NN 35419 80 28 , , , 35419 80 29 of of IN 35419 80 30 a a DT 35419 80 31 discussion discussion NN 35419 80 32 of of IN 35419 80 33 forest forest NN 35419 80 34 influences influence NNS 35419 80 35 , , , 35419 80 36 and and CC 35419 80 37 a a DT 35419 80 38 section section NN 35419 80 39 on on IN 35419 80 40 timber timber NN 35419 80 41 physics physics NN 35419 80 42 . . . 35419 81 1 Harwood Harwood NNP 35419 81 2 , , , 35419 81 3 W. W. NNP 35419 81 4 S. S. NNP 35419 81 5 , , , 35419 81 6 _ _ NNP 35419 81 7 The the DT 35419 81 8 New New NNP 35419 81 9 Earth Earth NNP 35419 81 10 _ _ NNP 35419 81 11 . . . 35419 82 1 N. N. NNP 35419 82 2 Y. Y. NNP 35419 82 3 : : : 35419 82 4 The the DT 35419 82 5 Macmillan Macmillan NNP 35419 82 6 Co. Co. NNP 35419 82 7 , , , 35419 82 8 1906 1906 CD 35419 82 9 . . . 35419 83 1 378 378 CD 35419 83 2 pp pp NN 35419 83 3 . . . 35419 84 1 A a DT 35419 84 2 recital recital NN 35419 84 3 of of IN 35419 84 4 the the DT 35419 84 5 triumphs triumph NNS 35419 84 6 of of IN 35419 84 7 modern modern JJ 35419 84 8 agriculture agriculture NN 35419 84 9 . . . 35419 85 1 Chap Chap NNP 35419 85 2 . . . 35419 86 1 X x NN 35419 86 2 on on IN 35419 86 3 modern modern JJ 35419 86 4 forestry forestry NN 35419 86 5 , , , 35419 86 6 describes describe VBZ 35419 86 7 what what WP 35419 86 8 has have VBZ 35419 86 9 been be VBN 35419 86 10 done do VBN 35419 86 11 in in IN 35419 86 12 different different JJ 35419 86 13 states state NNS 35419 86 14 in in IN 35419 86 15 conservative conservative JJ 35419 86 16 lumbering lumbering NN 35419 86 17 . . . 35419 87 1 Hough Hough NNP 35419 87 2 , , , 35419 87 3 Romeyn Romeyn NNP 35419 87 4 B. B. NNP 35419 87 5 , , , 35419 87 6 _ _ NNP 35419 87 7 American American NNP 35419 87 8 Woods Woods NNP 35419 87 9 _ _ NNP 35419 87 10 . . . 35419 88 1 Lowville Lowville NNP 35419 88 2 , , , 35419 88 3 N. N. NNP 35419 88 4 Y. Y. NNP 35419 88 5 : : : 35419 88 6 The the DT 35419 88 7 author author NN 35419 88 8 . . . 35419 89 1 An an DT 35419 89 2 invaluable invaluable JJ 35419 89 3 collection collection NN 35419 89 4 in in IN 35419 89 5 eleven eleven CD 35419 89 6 volumes volume NNS 35419 89 7 ( ( -LRB- 35419 89 8 boxes box NNS 35419 89 9 ) ) -RRB- 35419 89 10 of of IN 35419 89 11 sections section NNS 35419 89 12 of of IN 35419 89 13 275 275 CD 35419 89 14 species specie NNS 35419 89 15 of of IN 35419 89 16 American american JJ 35419 89 17 woods wood NNS 35419 89 18 . . . 35419 90 1 There there EX 35419 90 2 are be VBP 35419 90 3 three three CD 35419 90 4 sections section NNS 35419 90 5 of of IN 35419 90 6 each each DT 35419 90 7 species specie NNS 35419 90 8 , , , 35419 90 9 cross cross NN 35419 90 10 , , , 35419 90 11 radial radial JJ 35419 90 12 , , , 35419 90 13 and and CC 35419 90 14 tangential tangential NN 35419 90 15 , , , 35419 90 16 mounted mount VBN 35419 90 17 in in IN 35419 90 18 cardboard cardboard NN 35419 90 19 panels panel NNS 35419 90 20 . . . 35419 91 1 Accompanied accompany VBN 35419 91 2 by by IN 35419 91 3 a a DT 35419 91 4 list list NN 35419 91 5 of of IN 35419 91 6 descriptions description NNS 35419 91 7 and and CC 35419 91 8 analytical analytical JJ 35419 91 9 keys key NNS 35419 91 10 . . . 35419 92 1 Hough Hough NNP 35419 92 2 , , , 35419 92 3 Romeyn Romeyn NNP 35419 92 4 B. B. NNP 35419 92 5 , , , 35419 92 6 _ _ NNP 35419 92 7 Handbook Handbook NNP 35419 92 8 of of IN 35419 92 9 the the DT 35419 92 10 Trees tree NNS 35419 92 11 of of IN 35419 92 12 the the DT 35419 92 13 Northern Northern NNP 35419 92 14 States States NNPS 35419 92 15 and and CC 35419 92 16 Canada Canada NNP 35419 92 17 _ _ NNP 35419 92 18 . . . 35419 93 1 Lowville Lowville NNP 35419 93 2 , , , 35419 93 3 N. N. NNP 35419 93 4 Y. Y. NNP 35419 93 5 : : : 35419 93 6 The the DT 35419 93 7 author author NN 35419 93 8 . . . 35419 94 1 470 470 CD 35419 94 2 pp pp NNP 35419 94 3 . . . 35419 95 1 A a DT 35419 95 2 unique unique JJ 35419 95 3 , , , 35419 95 4 elegant elegant JJ 35419 95 5 , , , 35419 95 6 and and CC 35419 95 7 sumptuously sumptuously RB 35419 95 8 illustrated illustrate VBN 35419 95 9 book book NN 35419 95 10 , , , 35419 95 11 with with IN 35419 95 12 photographs photograph NNS 35419 95 13 of of IN 35419 95 14 tree tree NN 35419 95 15 , , , 35419 95 16 trunk trunk NN 35419 95 17 , , , 35419 95 18 leaf leaf NN 35419 95 19 , , , 35419 95 20 fruit fruit NN 35419 95 21 , , , 35419 95 22 bud bud NNP 35419 95 23 , , , 35419 95 24 and and CC 35419 95 25 sometimes sometimes RB 35419 95 26 wood wood NN 35419 95 27 , , , 35419 95 28 a a DT 35419 95 29 map map NN 35419 95 30 of of IN 35419 95 31 the the DT 35419 95 32 habitat habitat NN 35419 95 33 of of IN 35419 95 34 each each DT 35419 95 35 species specie NNS 35419 95 36 , , , 35419 95 37 and and CC 35419 95 38 a a DT 35419 95 39 full full JJ 35419 95 40 and and CC 35419 95 41 careful careful JJ 35419 95 42 description description NN 35419 95 43 of of IN 35419 95 44 tree tree NN 35419 95 45 and and CC 35419 95 46 wood wood NN 35419 95 47 . . . 35419 96 1 Intended intend VBN 35419 96 2 for for IN 35419 96 3 botanists botanist NNS 35419 96 4 , , , 35419 96 5 foresters forester NNS 35419 96 6 and and CC 35419 96 7 lumbermen lumberman NNS 35419 96 8 . . . 35419 97 1 Johnson Johnson NNP 35419 97 2 , , , 35419 97 3 J. J. NNP 35419 98 1 B. B. NNP 35419 98 2 , , , 35419 98 3 _ _ NNP 35419 98 4 The the DT 35419 98 5 Materials Materials NNPS 35419 98 6 of of IN 35419 98 7 Construction Construction NNP 35419 98 8 _ _ NNP 35419 98 9 . . . 35419 99 1 N. N. NNP 35419 99 2 Y. Y. NNP 35419 99 3 : : : 35419 99 4 John John NNP 35419 99 5 Wiley Wiley NNP 35419 99 6 & & CC 35419 99 7 Sons Sons NNP 35419 99 8 . . . 35419 100 1 1898 1898 CD 35419 100 2 . . . 35419 101 1 775 775 CD 35419 101 2 pp pp NNP 35419 101 3 . . . 35419 102 1 Chapter chapter NN 35419 102 2 XIII XIII NNP 35419 102 3 is be VBZ 35419 102 4 identical identical JJ 35419 102 5 with with IN 35419 102 6 Forestry Forestry NNP 35419 102 7 Bulletin Bulletin NNP 35419 102 8 X X NNP 35419 102 9 , , , 35419 102 10 Roth Roth NNP 35419 102 11 's 's POS 35419 102 12 _ _ NNP 35419 102 13 Timber Timber NNP 35419 102 14 _ _ NNP 35419 102 15 . . . 35419 103 1 Keeler Keeler NNP 35419 103 2 , , , 35419 103 3 Harriet Harriet NNP 35419 103 4 , , , 35419 103 5 _ _ NNP 35419 103 6 Our -PRON- PRP$ 35419 103 7 Native Native NNP 35419 103 8 Trees Trees NNP 35419 103 9 _ _ NNP 35419 103 10 . . . 35419 104 1 N. N. NNP 35419 104 2 Y. Y. NNP 35419 104 3 : : : 35419 104 4 Scribner Scribner NNP 35419 104 5 's 's POS 35419 104 6 . . . 35419 105 1 1900 1900 CD 35419 105 2 . . . 35419 106 1 533 533 CD 35419 106 2 pp pp NNS 35419 106 3 . . . 35419 107 1 A a DT 35419 107 2 very very RB 35419 107 3 attractive attractive JJ 35419 107 4 and and CC 35419 107 5 popular popular JJ 35419 107 6 book book NN 35419 107 7 showing show VBG 35419 107 8 great great JJ 35419 107 9 familiarity familiarity NN 35419 107 10 with with IN 35419 107 11 the the DT 35419 107 12 common common JJ 35419 107 13 trees tree NNS 35419 107 14 and and CC 35419 107 15 love love NN 35419 107 16 of of IN 35419 107 17 them -PRON- PRP 35419 107 18 . . . 35419 108 1 Numerous numerous JJ 35419 108 2 photographs photograph NNS 35419 108 3 and and CC 35419 108 4 drawings drawing NNS 35419 108 5 . . . 35419 109 1 Lounsberry Lounsberry NNP 35419 109 2 , , , 35419 109 3 Alice Alice NNP 35419 109 4 , , , 35419 109 5 _ _ NNP 35419 109 6 A A NNP 35419 109 7 Guide Guide NNP 35419 109 8 to to IN 35419 109 9 the the DT 35419 109 10 Trees Trees NNP 35419 109 11 _ _ NNP 35419 109 12 . . . 35419 110 1 N. N. NNP 35419 110 2 Y. Y. NNP 35419 110 3 : : : 35419 110 4 Frederick Frederick NNP 35419 110 5 A. A. NNP 35419 110 6 Stokes Stokes NNP 35419 110 7 Co. Co. NNP 35419 110 8 313 313 CD 35419 110 9 pp pp NN 35419 110 10 . . . 35419 111 1 A a DT 35419 111 2 popular popular JJ 35419 111 3 description description NN 35419 111 4 of of IN 35419 111 5 some some DT 35419 111 6 200 200 CD 35419 111 7 common common JJ 35419 111 8 trees tree NNS 35419 111 9 , , , 35419 111 10 with with IN 35419 111 11 plentiful plentiful JJ 35419 111 12 illustrations illustration NNS 35419 111 13 . . . 35419 112 1 Pinchot pinchot JJ 35419 112 2 , , , 35419 112 3 Gifford Gifford NNP 35419 112 4 , , , 35419 112 5 _ _ NNP 35419 112 6 A A NNP 35419 112 7 Primer Primer NNP 35419 112 8 of of IN 35419 112 9 Forestry Forestry NNP 35419 112 10 _ _ NNP 35419 112 11 . . . 35419 113 1 Parts part NNS 35419 113 2 I -PRON- PRP 35419 113 3 and and CC 35419 113 4 II II NNP 35419 113 5 , , , 35419 113 6 U. U. NNP 35419 113 7 S. S. NNP 35419 113 8 Dept Dept NNP 35419 113 9 . . . 35419 114 1 of of IN 35419 114 2 Agric Agric NNP 35419 114 3 . . . 35419 115 1 For for IN 35419 115 2 . . . 35419 116 1 Serv Serv NNP 35419 116 2 . . . 35419 117 1 Bull Bull NNP 35419 117 2 . . . 35419 118 1 No no UH 35419 118 2 . . . 35419 119 1 24 24 CD 35419 119 2 . . . 35419 120 1 88 88 CD 35419 120 2 pp pp NNP 35419 120 3 . . . 35419 121 1 and and CC 35419 121 2 88 88 CD 35419 121 3 pp pp NNS 35419 121 4 . . . 35419 122 1 A a DT 35419 122 2 concise concise JJ 35419 122 3 , , , 35419 122 4 clear clear JJ 35419 122 5 , , , 35419 122 6 and and CC 35419 122 7 fully fully RB 35419 122 8 illustrated illustrate VBN 35419 122 9 little little JJ 35419 122 10 manual manual NN 35419 122 11 of of IN 35419 122 12 forestry forestry NN 35419 122 13 conditions condition NNS 35419 122 14 , , , 35419 122 15 forest forest NN 35419 122 16 enemies enemy NNS 35419 122 17 , , , 35419 122 18 forestry forestry NN 35419 122 19 principles principle NNS 35419 122 20 and and CC 35419 122 21 practice practice VB 35419 122 22 abroad abroad RB 35419 122 23 and and CC 35419 122 24 in in IN 35419 122 25 the the DT 35419 122 26 U. U. NNP 35419 122 27 S. S. NNP 35419 122 28 Pinchot Pinchot NNP 35419 122 29 , , , 35419 122 30 Gifford Gifford NNP 35419 122 31 . . . 35419 123 1 _ _ NNP 35419 123 2 The the DT 35419 123 3 Adirondack Adirondack NNP 35419 123 4 Spruce Spruce NNP 35419 123 5 . . . 35419 123 6 _ _ NNP 35419 123 7 N. N. NNP 35419 123 8 Y. Y. NNP 35419 123 9 : : : 35419 123 10 G. G. NNP 35419 123 11 P. P. NNP 35419 123 12 Putnam Putnam NNP 35419 123 13 's 's POS 35419 123 14 Sons son NNS 35419 123 15 . . . 35419 124 1 A a DT 35419 124 2 technical technical JJ 35419 124 3 account account NN 35419 124 4 of of IN 35419 124 5 the the DT 35419 124 6 author author NN 35419 124 7 's 's POS 35419 124 8 investigations investigation NNS 35419 124 9 on on IN 35419 124 10 a a DT 35419 124 11 forest forest NN 35419 124 12 estate estate NN 35419 124 13 in in IN 35419 124 14 Northern Northern NNP 35419 124 15 New New NNP 35419 124 16 York York NNP 35419 124 17 . . . 35419 125 1 Price Price NNP 35419 125 2 , , , 35419 125 3 O. O. NNP 35419 125 4 W. W. NNP 35419 125 5 , , , 35419 125 6 _ _ NNP 35419 125 7 Saving Saving NNP 35419 125 8 the the DT 35419 125 9 Southern Southern NNP 35419 125 10 Forests Forests NNPS 35419 125 11 _ _ NNP 35419 125 12 . . . 35419 126 1 _ _ NNP 35419 126 2 World World NNP 35419 126 3 's 's POS 35419 126 4 Work Work NNP 35419 126 5 _ _ NNP 35419 126 6 , , , 35419 126 7 5 5 CD 35419 126 8 : : SYM 35419 126 9 3207 3207 CD 35419 126 10 , , , 35419 126 11 March March NNP 35419 126 12 , , , 35419 126 13 ' ' '' 35419 126 14 03 03 CD 35419 126 15 . . . 35419 127 1 A a DT 35419 127 2 plea plea NN 35419 127 3 for for IN 35419 127 4 conservative conservative JJ 35419 127 5 lumbering lumbering NN 35419 127 6 ; ; , 35419 127 7 excellent excellent JJ 35419 127 8 illustrations illustration NNS 35419 127 9 . . . 35419 128 1 Record Record NNP 35419 128 2 , , , 35419 128 3 Samuel Samuel NNP 35419 128 4 J. J. NNP 35419 128 5 , , , 35419 128 6 _ _ NNP 35419 128 7 Characterization Characterization NNP 35419 128 8 of of IN 35419 128 9 the the DT 35419 128 10 Grain Grain NNP 35419 128 11 and and CC 35419 128 12 Texture Texture NNP 35419 128 13 of of IN 35419 128 14 Wood Wood NNP 35419 128 15 _ _ NNP 35419 128 16 . . . 35419 129 1 Woodcraft Woodcraft NNP 35419 129 2 , , , 35419 129 3 15 15 CD 35419 129 4 : : SYM 35419 129 5 3 3 CD 35419 129 6 , , , 35419 129 7 June June NNP 35419 129 8 , , , 35419 129 9 1911 1911 CD 35419 129 10 . . . 35419 130 1 Roth Roth NNP 35419 130 2 , , , 35419 130 3 Filibert Filibert NNP 35419 130 4 , , , 35419 130 5 _ _ NNP 35419 130 6 A a DT 35419 130 7 First First NNP 35419 130 8 Book Book NNP 35419 130 9 of of IN 35419 130 10 Forestry Forestry NNP 35419 130 11 _ _ NNP 35419 130 12 . . . 35419 131 1 Boston Boston NNP 35419 131 2 : : : 35419 131 3 Ginn Ginn NNP 35419 131 4 & & CC 35419 131 5 Co. Co. NNP 35419 131 6 291 291 CD 35419 131 7 pp pp NNP 35419 131 8 . . . 35419 132 1 A a DT 35419 132 2 book book NN 35419 132 3 for for IN 35419 132 4 young young JJ 35419 132 5 people people NNS 35419 132 6 , , , 35419 132 7 giving give VBG 35419 132 8 in in IN 35419 132 9 an an DT 35419 132 10 interesting interesting JJ 35419 132 11 form form NN 35419 132 12 many many JJ 35419 132 13 valuable valuable JJ 35419 132 14 facts fact NNS 35419 132 15 about about IN 35419 132 16 American american JJ 35419 132 17 forests forest NNS 35419 132 18 and and CC 35419 132 19 their -PRON- PRP$ 35419 132 20 care care NN 35419 132 21 and and CC 35419 132 22 use use NN 35419 132 23 . . . 35419 133 1 It -PRON- PRP 35419 133 2 includes include VBZ 35419 133 3 a a DT 35419 133 4 leaf leaf NN 35419 133 5 key key NN 35419 133 6 to to IN 35419 133 7 the the DT 35419 133 8 trees tree NNS 35419 133 9 . . . 35419 134 1 Sargent Sargent NNP 35419 134 2 , , , 35419 134 3 Charles Charles NNP 35419 134 4 Sprague Sprague NNP 35419 134 5 , , , 35419 134 6 _ _ NNP 35419 134 7 Forest Forest NNP 35419 134 8 Trees Trees NNP 35419 134 9 of of IN 35419 134 10 North North NNP 35419 134 11 America America NNP 35419 134 12 _ _ NNP 35419 134 13 . . . 35419 135 1 U. U. NNP 35419 135 2 S. S. NNP 35419 135 3 10th 10th NNP 35419 135 4 Census Census NNP 35419 135 5 , , , 35419 135 6 Vol Vol NNP 35419 135 7 . . . 35419 136 1 9 9 CD 35419 136 2 . . . 35419 137 1 Quarto Quarto NNP 35419 137 2 , , , 35419 137 3 612 612 CD 35419 137 4 pp pp NN 35419 137 5 . . . 35419 138 1 Part part NN 35419 138 2 I -PRON- PRP 35419 138 3 deals deal VBZ 35419 138 4 with with IN 35419 138 5 the the DT 35419 138 6 distribution distribution NN 35419 138 7 of of IN 35419 138 8 the the DT 35419 138 9 forests forest NNS 35419 138 10 , , , 35419 138 11 and and CC 35419 138 12 gives give VBZ 35419 138 13 a a DT 35419 138 14 catalog catalog NN 35419 138 15 and and CC 35419 138 16 description description NN 35419 138 17 of of IN 35419 138 18 the the DT 35419 138 19 forest forest NN 35419 138 20 trees tree NNS 35419 138 21 of of IN 35419 138 22 North North NNP 35419 138 23 America America NNP 35419 138 24 , , , 35419 138 25 exclusive exclusive JJ 35419 138 26 of of IN 35419 138 27 Mexico Mexico NNP 35419 138 28 . . . 35419 139 1 Part Part NNP 35419 139 2 II II NNP 35419 139 3 . . . 35419 140 1 Tables table NNS 35419 140 2 of of IN 35419 140 3 properties property NNS 35419 140 4 of of IN 35419 140 5 the the DT 35419 140 6 woods wood NNS 35419 140 7 of of IN 35419 140 8 the the DT 35419 140 9 U. U. NNP 35419 140 10 S. S. NNP 35419 140 11 Part Part NNP 35419 140 12 III III NNP 35419 140 13 . . . 35419 141 1 The the DT 35419 141 2 economic economic JJ 35419 141 3 aspects aspect NNS 35419 141 4 of of IN 35419 141 5 the the DT 35419 141 6 forests forest NNS 35419 141 7 of of IN 35419 141 8 the the DT 35419 141 9 U. U. NNP 35419 141 10 S. S. NNP 35419 141 11 considered consider VBD 35419 141 12 geographically geographically RB 35419 141 13 , , , 35419 141 14 and and CC 35419 141 15 maps map NNS 35419 141 16 showing show VBG 35419 141 17 distributions distribution NNS 35419 141 18 and and CC 35419 141 19 densities density NNS 35419 141 20 . . . 35419 142 1 Exceedingly exceedingly RB 35419 142 2 valuable valuable JJ 35419 142 3 . . . 35419 143 1 Sargent Sargent NNP 35419 143 2 , , , 35419 143 3 Charles Charles NNP 35419 143 4 Sprague Sprague NNP 35419 143 5 , , , 35419 143 6 _ _ NNP 35419 143 7 Jesup Jesup NNP 35419 143 8 Collection Collection NNP 35419 143 9 , , , 35419 143 10 The the DT 35419 143 11 Woods Woods NNP 35419 143 12 of of IN 35419 143 13 the the DT 35419 143 14 U. U. NNP 35419 143 15 S. S. NNP 35419 143 16 _ _ NNP 35419 143 17 N. N. NNP 35419 143 18 Y. Y. NNP 35419 143 19 : : : 35419 143 20 D. D. NNP 35419 143 21 Appleton Appleton NNP 35419 143 22 & & CC 35419 143 23 Co. Co. NNP 35419 143 24 , , , 35419 143 25 203 203 CD 35419 143 26 pp pp NN 35419 143 27 . . . 35419 144 1 A a DT 35419 144 2 detailed detailed JJ 35419 144 3 description description NN 35419 144 4 of of IN 35419 144 5 the the DT 35419 144 6 Jesup Jesup NNP 35419 144 7 Collection Collection NNP 35419 144 8 of of IN 35419 144 9 North North NNP 35419 144 10 American American NNP 35419 144 11 Woods Woods NNP 35419 144 12 in in IN 35419 144 13 the the DT 35419 144 14 American American NNP 35419 144 15 Museum Museum NNP 35419 144 16 of of IN 35419 144 17 Natural Natural NNP 35419 144 18 History History NNP 35419 144 19 , , , 35419 144 20 N. N. NNP 35419 144 21 Y. Y. NNP 35419 145 1 City city NN 35419 145 2 , , , 35419 145 3 with with IN 35419 145 4 valuable valuable JJ 35419 145 5 tables table NNS 35419 145 6 as as IN 35419 145 7 to to IN 35419 145 8 strength strength NN 35419 145 9 , , , 35419 145 10 elasticity elasticity NN 35419 145 11 , , , 35419 145 12 hardness hardness NN 35419 145 13 , , , 35419 145 14 weight weight NN 35419 145 15 , , , 35419 145 16 etc etc FW 35419 145 17 . . . 35419 146 1 Condensed condense VBN 35419 146 2 from from IN 35419 146 3 Vol Vol NNP 35419 146 4 . . . 35419 147 1 IX ix NN 35419 147 2 of of IN 35419 147 3 10th 10th JJ 35419 147 4 U. U. NNP 35419 147 5 S. S. NNP 35419 147 6 Census Census NNP 35419 147 7 . . . 35419 148 1 Sargent Sargent NNP 35419 148 2 , , , 35419 148 3 Charles Charles NNP 35419 148 4 Sprague Sprague NNP 35419 148 5 , , , 35419 148 6 _ _ NNP 35419 148 7 Manual Manual NNP 35419 148 8 of of IN 35419 148 9 the the DT 35419 148 10 Trees Trees NNP 35419 148 11 of of IN 35419 148 12 North North NNP 35419 148 13 America America NNP 35419 148 14 _ _ NNP 35419 148 15 . . . 35419 149 1 Boston Boston NNP 35419 149 2 : : : 35419 149 3 Houghton Houghton NNP 35419 149 4 , , , 35419 149 5 Mifflin Mifflin NNP 35419 149 6 & & CC 35419 149 7 Co. Co. NNP 35419 149 8 826 826 CD 35419 149 9 pp pp NNP 35419 149 10 . . . 35419 150 1 A a DT 35419 150 2 compact compact JJ 35419 150 3 mine mine NN 35419 150 4 of of IN 35419 150 5 information information NN 35419 150 6 , , , 35419 150 7 with with IN 35419 150 8 some some DT 35419 150 9 errors error NNS 35419 150 10 , , , 35419 150 11 about about IN 35419 150 12 the the DT 35419 150 13 known know VBN 35419 150 14 trees tree NNS 35419 150 15 of of IN 35419 150 16 North North NNP 35419 150 17 America America NNP 35419 150 18 and and CC 35419 150 19 their -PRON- PRP$ 35419 150 20 woods wood NNS 35419 150 21 , , , 35419 150 22 summarized summarize VBN 35419 150 23 from from IN 35419 150 24 Sargent Sargent NNP 35419 150 25 's 's POS 35419 150 26 larger large JJR 35419 150 27 work work NN 35419 150 28 , , , 35419 150 29 " " `` 35419 150 30 The the DT 35419 150 31 Silva Silva NNP 35419 150 32 of of IN 35419 150 33 North North NNP 35419 150 34 America America NNP 35419 150 35 . . . 35419 150 36 " " '' 35419 151 1 ( ( -LRB- 35419 151 2 See see VB 35419 151 3 below below RB 35419 151 4 . . . 35419 151 5 ) ) -RRB- 35419 152 1 Sargent Sargent NNP 35419 152 2 , , , 35419 152 3 Charles Charles NNP 35419 152 4 Sprague Sprague NNP 35419 152 5 , , , 35419 152 6 _ _ NNP 35419 152 7 The the DT 35419 152 8 Silva Silva NNP 35419 152 9 of of IN 35419 152 10 North North NNP 35419 152 11 America America NNP 35419 152 12 _ _ NNP 35419 152 13 . . . 35419 153 1 Boston Boston NNP 35419 153 2 : : : 35419 153 3 Houghton Houghton NNP 35419 153 4 , , , 35419 153 5 Mifflin Mifflin NNP 35419 153 6 Co. Co. NNP 35419 153 7 A a DT 35419 153 8 monumental monumental JJ 35419 153 9 and and CC 35419 153 10 sumptuous sumptuous JJ 35419 153 11 work work NN 35419 153 12 of of IN 35419 153 13 14 14 CD 35419 153 14 quarto quarto NNP 35419 153 15 volumes volume NNS 35419 153 16 , , , 35419 153 17 describing describe VBG 35419 153 18 in in IN 35419 153 19 great great JJ 35419 153 20 detail detail NN 35419 153 21 all all PDT 35419 153 22 the the DT 35419 153 23 known know VBN 35419 153 24 trees tree NNS 35419 153 25 of of IN 35419 153 26 North North NNP 35419 153 27 America America NNP 35419 153 28 and and CC 35419 153 29 their -PRON- PRP$ 35419 153 30 woods wood NNS 35419 153 31 , , , 35419 153 32 with with IN 35419 153 33 beautiful beautiful JJ 35419 153 34 line line NN 35419 153 35 drawings drawing NNS 35419 153 36 of of IN 35419 153 37 leaves leave NNS 35419 153 38 and and CC 35419 153 39 fruits fruit NNS 35419 153 40 . . . 35419 154 1 Shaler Shaler NNP 35419 154 2 , , , 35419 154 3 Nathaniel Nathaniel NNP 35419 154 4 S. S. NNP 35419 154 5 , , , 35419 154 6 _ _ NNP 35419 154 7 The the DT 35419 154 8 United United NNP 35419 154 9 States States NNP 35419 154 10 of of IN 35419 154 11 America America NNP 35419 154 12 _ _ NNP 35419 154 13 . . . 35419 155 1 Vol Vol NNP 35419 155 2 . . . 35419 156 1 1 1 CD 35419 156 2 , , , 35419 156 3 pp pp NNP 35419 156 4 . . . 35419 157 1 485 485 CD 35419 157 2 - - SYM 35419 157 3 517 517 CD 35419 157 4 . . . 35419 158 1 N. N. NNP 35419 158 2 Y. Y. NNP 35419 158 3 : : : 35419 158 4 D. D. NNP 35419 158 5 Appleton Appleton NNP 35419 158 6 & & CC 35419 158 7 Co. Co. NNP 35419 158 8 Chapter Chapter NNP 35419 158 9 IX IX NNP 35419 158 10 is be VBZ 35419 158 11 a a DT 35419 158 12 popular popular JJ 35419 158 13 description description NN 35419 158 14 of of IN 35419 158 15 American american JJ 35419 158 16 forests forest NNS 35419 158 17 and and CC 35419 158 18 the the DT 35419 158 19 Lumber Lumber NNP 35419 158 20 Industry Industry NNP 35419 158 21 . . . 35419 159 1 Snow Snow NNP 35419 159 2 , , , 35419 159 3 Chas Chas NNP 35419 159 4 . . . 35419 160 1 Henry Henry NNP 35419 160 2 , , , 35419 160 3 _ _ NNP 35419 160 4 The the DT 35419 160 5 Principal Principal NNP 35419 160 6 Species Species NNPS 35419 160 7 of of IN 35419 160 8 Wood Wood NNP 35419 160 9 _ _ NNP 35419 160 10 . . . 35419 161 1 N. N. NNP 35419 161 2 Y. Y. NNP 35419 161 3 : : : 35419 161 4 John John NNP 35419 161 5 Wiley Wiley NNP 35419 161 6 & & CC 35419 161 7 Sons Sons NNP 35419 161 8 . . . 35419 162 1 203 203 CD 35419 162 2 pp pp NNS 35419 162 3 . . . 35419 163 1 Descriptions description NNS 35419 163 2 and and CC 35419 163 3 data datum NNS 35419 163 4 regarding regard VBG 35419 163 5 the the DT 35419 163 6 economically economically RB 35419 163 7 important important JJ 35419 163 8 varieties variety NNS 35419 163 9 of of IN 35419 163 10 wood wood NN 35419 163 11 , , , 35419 163 12 with with IN 35419 163 13 excellent excellent JJ 35419 163 14 photographs photograph NNS 35419 163 15 of of IN 35419 163 16 trees tree NNS 35419 163 17 and and CC 35419 163 18 woods wood NNS 35419 163 19 . . . 35419 164 1 Strasburger Strasburger NNP 35419 164 2 , , , 35419 164 3 Noll Noll NNP 35419 164 4 , , , 35419 164 5 Schenck Schenck NNP 35419 164 6 , , , 35419 164 7 and and CC 35419 164 8 Schimper Schimper NNP 35419 164 9 . . . 35419 165 1 _ _ NNP 35419 165 2 A a DT 35419 165 3 Text Text NNP 35419 165 4 Book Book NNP 35419 165 5 of of IN 35419 165 6 Botany Botany NNP 35419 165 7 . . . 35419 165 8 _ _ NNP 35419 165 9 N. N. NNP 35419 165 10 Y. Y. NNP 35419 165 11 : : : 35419 165 12 Macmillan Macmillan NNP 35419 165 13 & & CC 35419 165 14 Co. Co. NNP 35419 165 15 746 746 CD 35419 165 16 pp pp NNP 35419 165 17 . . . 35419 166 1 Valuable valuable JJ 35419 166 2 for for IN 35419 166 3 minute minute JJ 35419 166 4 information information NN 35419 166 5 about about IN 35419 166 6 the the DT 35419 166 7 morphology morphology NN 35419 166 8 of of IN 35419 166 9 wood wood NN 35419 166 10 . . . 35419 167 1 U. U. NNP 35419 167 2 S. S. NNP 35419 167 3 Tenth Tenth NNP 35419 167 4 Census Census NNP 35419 167 5 , , , 35419 167 6 Vol Vol NNP 35419 167 7 . . . 35419 168 1 IX ix NN 35419 168 2 . . . 35419 169 1 See see VB 35419 169 2 Sargent Sargent NNP 35419 169 3 . . . 35419 170 1 U. U. NNP 35419 170 2 S. S. NNP 35419 170 3 Department Department NNP 35419 170 4 of of IN 35419 170 5 Agriculture Agriculture NNP 35419 170 6 , , , 35419 170 7 _ _ NNP 35419 170 8 Forest Forest NNP 35419 170 9 Service Service NNP 35419 170 10 Bulletins Bulletins NNPS 35419 170 11 _ _ NNP 35419 170 12 . . . 35419 171 1 The the DT 35419 171 2 character character NN 35419 171 3 of of IN 35419 171 4 these these DT 35419 171 5 government government NN 35419 171 6 pamphlets pamphlet NNS 35419 171 7 is be VBZ 35419 171 8 well well RB 35419 171 9 indicated indicate VBN 35419 171 10 by by IN 35419 171 11 their -PRON- PRP$ 35419 171 12 titles title NNS 35419 171 13 . . . 35419 172 1 No no UH 35419 172 2 . . . 35419 173 1 10 10 CD 35419 173 2 is be VBZ 35419 173 3 an an DT 35419 173 4 exceedingly exceedingly RB 35419 173 5 valuable valuable JJ 35419 173 6 summary summary NN 35419 173 7 of of IN 35419 173 8 the the DT 35419 173 9 facts fact NNS 35419 173 10 about about IN 35419 173 11 the the DT 35419 173 12 structure structure NN 35419 173 13 and and CC 35419 173 14 properties property NNS 35419 173 15 of of IN 35419 173 16 wood wood NN 35419 173 17 , , , 35419 173 18 contains contain VBZ 35419 173 19 the the DT 35419 173 20 best good JJS 35419 173 21 available available JJ 35419 173 22 key key NN 35419 173 23 to to IN 35419 173 24 identification identification NN 35419 173 25 of of IN 35419 173 26 common common JJ 35419 173 27 American american JJ 35419 173 28 woods wood NNS 35419 173 29 ( ( -LRB- 35419 173 30 not not RB 35419 173 31 trees tree NNS 35419 173 32 ) ) -RRB- 35419 173 33 and and CC 35419 173 34 a a DT 35419 173 35 concise concise JJ 35419 173 36 description description NN 35419 173 37 of of IN 35419 173 38 each each DT 35419 173 39 . . . 35419 174 1 It -PRON- PRP 35419 174 2 is be VBZ 35419 174 3 incorporated incorporate VBN 35419 174 4 , , , 35419 174 5 as as IN 35419 174 6 Chap Chap NNP 35419 174 7 . . . 35419 175 1 XIII XIII NNP 35419 175 2 , , , 35419 175 3 in in IN 35419 175 4 Johnson Johnson NNP 35419 175 5 's 's POS 35419 175 6 , , , 35419 175 7 " " `` 35419 175 8 _ _ NNP 35419 175 9 The the DT 35419 175 10 Materials Materials NNPS 35419 175 11 for for IN 35419 175 12 Construction Construction NNP 35419 175 13 _ _ NNP 35419 175 14 . . . 35419 175 15 " " '' 35419 176 1 N. N. NNP 35419 176 2 Y. Y. NNP 35419 176 3 : : : 35419 176 4 John John NNP 35419 176 5 Wiley Wiley NNP 35419 176 6 & & CC 35419 176 7 Sons Sons NNP 35419 176 8 . . . 35419 177 1 Nos nos UH 35419 177 2 . . . 35419 178 1 13 13 CD 35419 178 2 and and CC 35419 178 3 22 22 CD 35419 178 4 are be VBP 35419 178 5 large large JJ 35419 178 6 monographs monograph NNS 35419 178 7 containing contain VBG 35419 178 8 much much JJ 35419 178 9 valuable valuable JJ 35419 178 10 information information NN 35419 178 11 . . . 35419 179 1 No no UH 35419 179 2 . . . 35419 180 1 10 10 CD 35419 180 2 . . . 35419 181 1 Filibert Filibert NNP 35419 181 2 Roth Roth NNP 35419 181 3 , , , 35419 181 4 _ _ NNP 35419 181 5 Timber Timber NNP 35419 181 6 _ _ NNP 35419 181 7 . . . 35419 182 1 No no UH 35419 182 2 . . . 35419 183 1 13 13 CD 35419 183 2 . . . 35419 184 1 Charles Charles NNP 35419 184 2 Mohr Mohr NNP 35419 184 3 , , , 35419 184 4 _ _ NNP 35419 184 5 The the DT 35419 184 6 Timber Timber NNP 35419 184 7 Pines Pines NNPS 35419 184 8 of of IN 35419 184 9 the the DT 35419 184 10 Southern Southern NNP 35419 184 11 United United NNP 35419 184 12 States States NNP 35419 184 13 _ _ NNP 35419 184 14 . . . 35419 185 1 No no UH 35419 185 2 . . . 35419 186 1 15 15 CD 35419 186 2 . . . 35419 187 1 Frederick Frederick NNP 35419 187 2 V. V. NNP 35419 187 3 Coville Coville NNP 35419 187 4 , , , 35419 187 5 _ _ NNP 35419 187 6 Forest Forest NNP 35419 187 7 Growth Growth NNP 35419 187 8 and and CC 35419 187 9 Sheep Sheep NNS 35419 187 10 Grazing grazing NN 35419 187 11 in in IN 35419 187 12 the the DT 35419 187 13 Cascade Cascade NNP 35419 187 14 Mountains Mountains NNPS 35419 187 15 of of IN 35419 187 16 Oregon Oregon NNP 35419 187 17 _ _ NNP 35419 187 18 . . . 35419 188 1 No no UH 35419 188 2 . . . 35419 189 1 16 16 CD 35419 189 2 . . . 35419 190 1 Filibert Filibert NNP 35419 190 2 Roth Roth NNP 35419 190 3 , , , 35419 190 4 _ _ NNP 35419 190 5 Forestry Forestry NNP 35419 190 6 Conditions Conditions NNPS 35419 190 7 in in IN 35419 190 8 Wisconsin Wisconsin NNP 35419 190 9 _ _ NNP 35419 190 10 . . . 35419 191 1 No no UH 35419 191 2 . . . 35419 192 1 17 17 CD 35419 192 2 . . . 35419 193 1 George George NNP 35419 193 2 B. B. NNP 35419 193 3 Sudworth Sudworth NNP 35419 193 4 , , , 35419 193 5 _ _ NNP 35419 193 6 Check Check NNP 35419 193 7 List List NNP 35419 193 8 of of IN 35419 193 9 the the DT 35419 193 10 Forest Forest NNP 35419 193 11 Trees Trees NNPS 35419 193 12 of of IN 35419 193 13 the the DT 35419 193 14 United United NNP 35419 193 15 States States NNP 35419 193 16 _ _ NNP 35419 193 17 , , , 35419 193 18 1898 1898 CD 35419 193 19 . . . 35419 194 1 No no UH 35419 194 2 . . . 35419 195 1 18 18 CD 35419 195 2 . . . 35419 196 1 Charles Charles NNP 35419 196 2 A. A. NNP 35419 196 3 Keffer Keffer NNP 35419 196 4 , , , 35419 196 5 _ _ NNP 35419 196 6 Experimental Experimental NNP 35419 196 7 Tree Tree NNP 35419 196 8 Planting Planting NNP 35419 196 9 on on IN 35419 196 10 the the DT 35419 196 11 Plains Plains NNPS 35419 196 12 _ _ NNP 35419 196 13 . . . 35419 197 1 No no UH 35419 197 2 . . . 35419 198 1 22 22 CD 35419 198 2 . . . 35419 199 1 V. V. NNP 35419 199 2 M. M. NNP 35419 199 3 Spalding Spalding NNP 35419 199 4 and and CC 35419 199 5 F. F. NNP 35419 199 6 H. H. NNP 35419 199 7 Chittenden Chittenden NNP 35419 199 8 , , , 35419 199 9 _ _ NNP 35419 199 10 The the DT 35419 199 11 White White NNP 35419 199 12 Pine Pine NNP 35419 199 13 _ _ NNP 35419 199 14 . . . 35419 200 1 No no UH 35419 200 2 . . . 35419 201 1 24 24 CD 35419 201 2 . . . 35419 202 1 Gifford Gifford NNP 35419 202 2 Pinchot Pinchot NNP 35419 202 3 , , , 35419 202 4 _ _ NNP 35419 202 5 A A NNP 35419 202 6 Primer Primer NNP 35419 202 7 of of IN 35419 202 8 Forestry Forestry NNP 35419 202 9 _ _ NNP 35419 202 10 . . . 35419 203 1 No no UH 35419 203 2 . . . 35419 204 1 26 26 CD 35419 204 2 . . . 35419 205 1 Henry Henry NNP 35419 205 2 S. S. NNP 35419 205 3 Graves Graves NNP 35419 205 4 , , , 35419 205 5 _ _ NNP 35419 205 6 Practical Practical NNP 35419 205 7 Forestry Forestry NNP 35419 205 8 in in IN 35419 205 9 the the DT 35419 205 10 Adirondacks Adirondacks NNPS 35419 205 11 _ _ NNP 35419 205 12 . . . 35419 206 1 No no UH 35419 206 2 . . . 35419 207 1 41 41 CD 35419 207 2 . . . 35419 208 1 Herman Herman NNP 35419 208 2 von von NNP 35419 208 3 Schrenck Schrenck NNP 35419 208 4 , , , 35419 208 5 _ _ NNP 35419 208 6 Seasoning Seasoning NNP 35419 208 7 of of IN 35419 208 8 Timber Timber NNP 35419 208 9 _ _ NNP 35419 208 10 . . . 35419 209 1 No no UH 35419 209 2 . . . 35419 210 1 45 45 CD 35419 210 2 . . . 35419 211 1 Harold Harold NNP 35419 211 2 B. B. NNP 35419 211 3 Kempton Kempton NNP 35419 211 4 , , , 35419 211 5 _ _ NNP 35419 211 6 The the DT 35419 211 7 Planting Planting NNP 35419 211 8 of of IN 35419 211 9 White White NNP 35419 211 10 Pine Pine NNP 35419 211 11 in in IN 35419 211 12 New New NNP 35419 211 13 England England NNP 35419 211 14 _ _ NNP 35419 211 15 . . . 35419 212 1 No no UH 35419 212 2 . . . 35419 213 1 52 52 CD 35419 213 2 . . . 35419 214 1 Royal Royal NNP 35419 214 2 S. S. NNP 35419 214 3 Kellogg Kellogg NNP 35419 214 4 , , , 35419 214 5 _ _ NNP 35419 214 6 Forest Forest NNP 35419 214 7 Planting Planting NNP 35419 214 8 in in IN 35419 214 9 Western Western NNP 35419 214 10 Kansas Kansas NNP 35419 214 11 _ _ NNP 35419 214 12 . . . 35419 215 1 No no UH 35419 215 2 . . . 35419 216 1 61 61 CD 35419 216 2 . . . 35419 217 1 _ _ NNP 35419 217 2 Terms term NNS 35419 217 3 Used use VBN 35419 217 4 in in IN 35419 217 5 Forestry Forestry NNP 35419 217 6 and and CC 35419 217 7 Logging Logging NNP 35419 217 8 _ _ NNP 35419 217 9 . . . 35419 218 1 No no UH 35419 218 2 . . . 35419 219 1 65 65 CD 35419 219 2 . . . 35419 220 1 George George NNP 35419 220 2 L. L. NNP 35419 220 3 Clothier Clothier NNP 35419 220 4 , , , 35419 220 5 _ _ NNP 35419 220 6 Advice Advice NNP 35419 220 7 for for IN 35419 220 8 Forest Forest NNP 35419 220 9 Planters Planters NNPS 35419 220 10 in in IN 35419 220 11 Oklahoma Oklahoma NNP 35419 220 12 and and CC 35419 220 13 Adjacent Adjacent NNP 35419 220 14 Regions Regions NNPS 35419 220 15 _ _ NNP 35419 220 16 . . . 35419 221 1 No no UH 35419 221 2 . . . 35419 222 1 74 74 CD 35419 222 2 . . . 35419 223 1 R. R. NNP 35419 223 2 S. S. NNP 35419 223 3 Kellogg Kellogg NNP 35419 223 4 and and CC 35419 223 5 H. H. NNP 35419 223 6 M. M. NNP 35419 223 7 Hale Hale NNP 35419 223 8 , , , 35419 223 9 _ _ NNP 35419 223 10 Forest Forest NNP 35419 223 11 Products Products NNPS 35419 223 12 of of IN 35419 223 13 the the DT 35419 223 14 U. U. NNP 35419 223 15 S. S. NNP 35419 223 16 _ _ NNP 35419 223 17 , , , 35419 223 18 1905 1905 CD 35419 223 19 . . . 35419 224 1 U. U. NNP 35419 224 2 S. S. NNP 35419 224 3 Department Department NNP 35419 224 4 of of IN 35419 224 5 Agriculture Agriculture NNP 35419 224 6 , , , 35419 224 7 _ _ NNP 35419 224 8 Forest Forest NNP 35419 224 9 Service Service NNP 35419 224 10 Circulars Circulars NNPS 35419 224 11 _ _ NNP 35419 224 12 . . . 35419 225 1 No no UH 35419 225 2 . . . 35419 226 1 3 3 LS 35419 226 2 . . . 35419 227 1 George George NNP 35419 227 2 William William NNP 35419 227 3 Hill Hill NNP 35419 227 4 , , , 35419 227 5 _ _ NNP 35419 227 6 Publications Publications NNP 35419 227 7 for for IN 35419 227 8 Sale Sale NNP 35419 227 9 _ _ NNP 35419 227 10 . . . 35419 228 1 No no UH 35419 228 2 . . . 35419 229 1 25 25 CD 35419 229 2 . . . 35419 230 1 Gifford Gifford NNP 35419 230 2 Pinchot Pinchot NNP 35419 230 3 , , , 35419 230 4 _ _ NNP 35419 230 5 The the DT 35419 230 6 Lumberman Lumberman NNP 35419 230 7 and and CC 35419 230 8 the the DT 35419 230 9 Forester Forester NNP 35419 230 10 _ _ NNP 35419 230 11 . . . 35419 231 1 No no UH 35419 231 2 . . . 35419 232 1 26 26 CD 35419 232 2 . . . 35419 233 1 H. H. NNP 35419 233 2 M. M. NNP 35419 233 3 Suter Suter NNP 35419 233 4 , , , 35419 233 5 _ _ NNP 35419 233 6 Forest Forest NNP 35419 233 7 Fires fire NNS 35419 233 8 in in IN 35419 233 9 the the DT 35419 233 10 Adirondacks Adirondacks NNPS 35419 233 11 in in IN 35419 233 12 1903 1903 CD 35419 233 13 _ _ NNP 35419 233 14 . . . 35419 234 1 No no UH 35419 234 2 . . . 35419 235 1 36 36 CD 35419 235 2 . . . 35419 236 1 The the DT 35419 236 2 Forest Forest NNP 35419 236 3 Service Service NNP 35419 236 4 : : : 35419 236 5 _ _ NNP 35419 236 6 What what WP 35419 236 7 it -PRON- PRP 35419 236 8 is be VBZ 35419 236 9 , , , 35419 236 10 and and CC 35419 236 11 how how WRB 35419 236 12 it -PRON- PRP 35419 236 13 deals deal VBZ 35419 236 14 with with IN 35419 236 15 Forest Forest NNP 35419 236 16 Problems Problems NNPS 35419 236 17 _ _ NNP 35419 236 18 . . . 35419 237 1 Also also RB 35419 237 2 _ _ NNP 35419 237 3 Classified Classified NNP 35419 237 4 List List NNP 35419 237 5 of of IN 35419 237 6 Publications Publications NNPS 35419 237 7 and and CC 35419 237 8 Guide Guide NNP 35419 237 9 to to IN 35419 237 10 Their -PRON- PRP$ 35419 237 11 Contents Contents NNP 35419 237 12 _ _ NNP 35419 237 13 . . . 35419 238 1 No no UH 35419 238 2 . . . 35419 239 1 37 37 CD 35419 239 2 . . . 35419 240 1 _ _ NNP 35419 240 2 Forest Forest NNP 35419 240 3 Planting Planting NNP 35419 240 4 in in IN 35419 240 5 the the DT 35419 240 6 Sand Sand NNP 35419 240 7 Hill Hill NNP 35419 240 8 Region Region NNP 35419 240 9 of of IN 35419 240 10 Nebraska Nebraska NNP 35419 240 11 _ _ NNP 35419 240 12 . . . 35419 241 1 No no UH 35419 241 2 . . . 35419 242 1 40 40 CD 35419 242 2 . . . 35419 243 1 H. H. NNP 35419 243 2 B. B. NNP 35419 243 3 Holroyd Holroyd NNP 35419 243 4 , , , 35419 243 5 _ _ NNP 35419 243 6 The the DT 35419 243 7 Utilization Utilization NNP 35419 243 8 of of IN 35419 243 9 Tupelo Tupelo NNP 35419 243 10 _ _ NNP 35419 243 11 . . . 35419 244 1 No no UH 35419 244 2 . . . 35419 245 1 41 41 CD 35419 245 2 . . . 35419 246 1 S. S. NNP 35419 246 2 N. N. NNP 35419 246 3 Spring Spring NNP 35419 246 4 , , , 35419 246 5 _ _ NNP 35419 246 6 Forest Forest NNP 35419 246 7 Planting Planting NNP 35419 246 8 on on IN 35419 246 9 Coal Coal NNP 35419 246 10 Lands Lands NNP 35419 246 11 in in IN 35419 246 12 Western Western NNP 35419 246 13 Pennsylvania Pennsylvania NNP 35419 246 14 _ _ NNP 35419 246 15 . . . 35419 247 1 No no UH 35419 247 2 . . . 35419 248 1 45 45 CD 35419 248 2 . . . 35419 249 1 Frank Frank NNP 35419 249 2 G. G. NNP 35419 249 3 Miller Miller NNP 35419 249 4 , , , 35419 249 5 _ _ NNP 35419 249 6 Forest Forest NNP 35419 249 7 Planting Planting NNP 35419 249 8 in in IN 35419 249 9 Eastern Eastern NNP 35419 249 10 Nebraska Nebraska NNP 35419 249 11 _ _ NNP 35419 249 12 . . . 35419 250 1 No no UH 35419 250 2 . . . 35419 251 1 81 81 CD 35419 251 2 . . . 35419 252 1 R. R. NNP 35419 252 2 S. S. NNP 35419 252 3 Kellogg Kellogg NNP 35419 252 4 , , , 35419 252 5 _ _ NNP 35419 252 6 Forest Forest NNP 35419 252 7 Planting Planting NNP 35419 252 8 in in IN 35419 252 9 Illinois Illinois NNP 35419 252 10 _ _ NNP 35419 252 11 . . . 35419 253 1 No no UH 35419 253 2 . . . 35419 254 1 97 97 CD 35419 254 2 . . . 35419 255 1 R. R. NNP 35419 255 2 S. S. NNP 35419 255 3 Kellogg Kellogg NNP 35419 255 4 , , , 35419 255 5 _ _ NNP 35419 255 6 Timber Timber NNP 35419 255 7 Supply Supply NNP 35419 255 8 of of IN 35419 255 9 the the DT 35419 255 10 United United NNP 35419 255 11 States States NNP 35419 255 12 _ _ NNP 35419 255 13 . . . 35419 256 1 No no UH 35419 256 2 . . . 35419 257 1 153 153 CD 35419 257 2 . . . 35419 258 1 A. A. NNP 35419 258 2 H. H. NNP 35419 258 3 Pierson Pierson NNP 35419 258 4 , , , 35419 258 5 _ _ NNP 35419 258 6 Exports Exports NNPS 35419 258 7 and and CC 35419 258 8 Imports Imports NNPS 35419 258 9 of of IN 35419 258 10 Forest Forest NNP 35419 258 11 Products Products NNPS 35419 258 12 , , , 35419 258 13 1907 1907 CD 35419 258 14 _ _ NNP 35419 258 15 . . . 35419 259 1 U. U. NNP 35419 259 2 S. S. NNP 35419 259 3 Department Department NNP 35419 259 4 of of IN 35419 259 5 Agriculture Agriculture NNP 35419 259 6 Year Year NNP 35419 259 7 Books Books NNP 35419 259 8 for for IN 35419 259 9 : : : 35419 259 10 1896 1896 CD 35419 259 11 . . . 35419 260 1 Filibert Filibert NNP 35419 260 2 Roth Roth NNP 35419 260 3 , , , 35419 260 4 _ _ NNP 35419 260 5 The the DT 35419 260 6 Uses Uses NNPS 35419 260 7 of of IN 35419 260 8 Wood Wood NNP 35419 260 9 _ _ NNP 35419 260 10 . . . 35419 261 1 1898 1898 CD 35419 261 2 , , , 35419 261 3 p. p. NN 35419 261 4 181 181 CD 35419 261 5 . . . 35419 262 1 Gifford Gifford NNP 35419 262 2 Pinchot Pinchot NNP 35419 262 3 , , , 35419 262 4 _ _ NNP 35419 262 5 Notes Notes NNPS 35419 262 6 on on IN 35419 262 7 some some DT 35419 262 8 Forest Forest NNP 35419 262 9 Problems Problems NNPS 35419 262 10 _ _ NNP 35419 262 11 . . . 35419 263 1 1899 1899 CD 35419 263 2 , , , 35419 263 3 p. p. NN 35419 263 4 415 415 CD 35419 263 5 . . . 35419 264 1 Henry Henry NNP 35419 264 2 S. S. NNP 35419 264 3 Graves Graves NNP 35419 264 4 , , , 35419 264 5 _ _ NNP 35419 264 6 The the DT 35419 264 7 Practice Practice NNP 35419 264 8 of of IN 35419 264 9 Forestry Forestry NNP 35419 264 10 by by IN 35419 264 11 Private Private NNP 35419 264 12 Owners Owners NNPS 35419 264 13 _ _ NNP 35419 264 14 . . . 35419 265 1 1900 1900 CD 35419 265 2 , , , 35419 265 3 p. p. NN 35419 265 4 199 199 CD 35419 265 5 . . . 35419 266 1 Hermann Hermann NNP 35419 266 2 von von NNP 35419 266 3 Schrenck Schrenck NNP 35419 266 4 , , , 35419 266 5 _ _ NNP 35419 266 6 Fungous Fungous NNP 35419 266 7 Diseases Diseases NNPS 35419 266 8 of of IN 35419 266 9 Forest Forest NNP 35419 266 10 Trees Trees NNP 35419 266 11 _ _ NNP 35419 266 12 . . . 35419 267 1 1902 1902 CD 35419 267 2 , , , 35419 267 3 p. p. NN 35419 267 4 145 145 CD 35419 267 5 . . . 35419 268 1 William William NNP 35419 268 2 L. L. NNP 35419 268 3 Hall Hall NNP 35419 268 4 , , , 35419 268 5 _ _ NNP 35419 268 6 Forest Forest NNP 35419 268 7 Extension Extension NNP 35419 268 8 in in IN 35419 268 9 the the DT 35419 268 10 Middle Middle NNP 35419 268 11 West West NNP 35419 268 12 _ _ NNP 35419 268 13 . . . 35419 269 1 1902 1902 CD 35419 269 2 , , , 35419 269 3 p. p. NN 35419 269 4 265 265 CD 35419 269 5 . . . 35419 270 1 A. A. NNP 35419 270 2 D. D. NNP 35419 270 3 Hopkins Hopkins NNP 35419 270 4 , , , 35419 270 5 _ _ NNP 35419 270 6 Some some DT 35419 270 7 of of IN 35419 270 8 the the DT 35419 270 9 Principal Principal NNP 35419 270 10 Insect Insect NNP 35419 270 11 Enemies Enemies NNPS 35419 270 12 of of IN 35419 270 13 Coniferous coniferous JJ 35419 270 14 Forests Forests NNPS 35419 270 15 in in IN 35419 270 16 the the DT 35419 270 17 United United NNP 35419 270 18 States States NNP 35419 270 19 _ _ NNP 35419 270 20 . . . 35419 271 1 1902 1902 CD 35419 271 2 , , , 35419 271 3 p. p. NN 35419 271 4 309 309 CD 35419 271 5 . . . 35419 272 1 Overton Overton NNP 35419 272 2 , , , 35419 272 3 W. W. NNP 35419 272 4 Price Price NNP 35419 272 5 , , , 35419 272 6 _ _ NNP 35419 272 7 Influence Influence NNP 35419 272 8 of of IN 35419 272 9 Forestry Forestry NNP 35419 272 10 on on IN 35419 272 11 the the DT 35419 272 12 Lumber Lumber NNP 35419 272 13 Supply Supply NNP 35419 272 14 _ _ NNP 35419 272 15 . . . 35419 273 1 1903 1903 CD 35419 273 2 , , , 35419 273 3 p. p. NN 35419 273 4 279 279 CD 35419 273 5 . . . 35419 274 1 James James NNP 35419 274 2 W. W. NNP 35419 274 3 Toumey Toumey NNP 35419 274 4 , , , 35419 274 5 _ _ NNP 35419 274 6 The the DT 35419 274 7 Relation Relation NNP 35419 274 8 of of IN 35419 274 9 Forests Forests NNPS 35419 274 10 to to TO 35419 274 11 Stream stream VB 35419 274 12 Flow Flow NNP 35419 274 13 _ _ NNP 35419 274 14 . . . 35419 275 1 1903 1903 CD 35419 275 2 , , , 35419 275 3 p. p. NN 35419 275 4 313 313 CD 35419 275 5 . . . 35419 276 1 A. A. NNP 35419 276 2 D. D. NNP 35419 276 3 Hopkins Hopkins NNP 35419 276 4 , , , 35419 276 5 _ _ NNP 35419 276 6 Insect Insect NNP 35419 276 7 Injuries Injuries NNPS 35419 276 8 to to IN 35419 276 9 Hardwood Hardwood NNP 35419 276 10 Forest Forest NNP 35419 276 11 Trees Trees NNP 35419 276 12 _ _ NNP 35419 276 13 . . . 35419 277 1 1904 1904 CD 35419 277 2 , , , 35419 277 3 p. p. NN 35419 277 4 133 133 CD 35419 277 5 . . . 35419 278 1 E. E. NNP 35419 278 2 A. A. NNP 35419 279 1 Sterling Sterling NNP 35419 279 2 , , , 35419 279 3 _ _ NNP 35419 279 4 The the DT 35419 279 5 Attitude attitude NN 35419 279 6 of of IN 35419 279 7 Lumbermen Lumbermen NNP 35419 279 8 toward toward IN 35419 279 9 Forest Forest NNP 35419 279 10 Fires Fires NNPS 35419 279 11 _ _ NNP 35419 279 12 . . . 35419 280 1 1904 1904 CD 35419 280 2 , , , 35419 280 3 p. p. NN 35419 280 4 381 381 CD 35419 280 5 . . . 35419 281 1 A. A. NNP 35419 281 2 D. D. NNP 35419 281 3 Hopkins Hopkins NNP 35419 281 4 , , , 35419 281 5 _ _ NNP 35419 281 6 Insect Insect NNP 35419 281 7 Injuries Injuries NNPS 35419 281 8 to to IN 35419 281 9 Forest Forest NNP 35419 281 10 Products Products NNPS 35419 281 11 _ _ NNP 35419 281 12 . . . 35419 282 1 1905 1905 CD 35419 282 2 , , , 35419 282 3 p. p. NN 35419 282 4 455 455 CD 35419 282 5 . . . 35419 283 1 Henry Henry NNP 35419 283 2 Grinell Grinell NNP 35419 283 3 , , , 35419 283 4 _ _ NNP 35419 283 5 Prolonging prolong VBG 35419 283 6 the the DT 35419 283 7 Life Life NNP 35419 283 8 of of IN 35419 283 9 Telephone Telephone NNP 35419 283 10 Poles Poles NNPS 35419 283 11 _ _ NNP 35419 283 12 . . . 35419 284 1 1905 1905 CD 35419 284 2 , , , 35419 284 3 p. p. NN 35419 284 4 483 483 CD 35419 284 5 . . . 35419 285 1 J. J. NNP 35419 285 2 Grivin Grivin NNP 35419 285 3 Peters Peters NNP 35419 285 4 , , , 35419 285 5 _ _ NNP 35419 285 6 Waste Waste NNP 35419 285 7 in in IN 35419 285 8 Logging Logging NNP 35419 285 9 Southern Southern NNP 35419 285 10 Yellow Yellow NNP 35419 285 11 Pine Pine NNP 35419 285 12 _ _ NNP 35419 285 13 . . . 35419 286 1 1905 1905 CD 35419 286 2 , , , 35419 286 3 p. p. NN 35419 286 4 636 636 CD 35419 286 5 . . . 35419 287 1 Quincy Quincy NNP 35419 287 2 R. R. NNP 35419 287 3 Craft Craft NNP 35419 287 4 , , , 35419 287 5 _ _ NNP 35419 287 6 Progress Progress NNP 35419 287 7 of of IN 35419 287 8 Forestry Forestry NNP 35419 287 9 in in IN 35419 287 10 1905 1905 CD 35419 287 11 _ _ NNP 35419 287 12 . . . 35419 288 1 1907 1907 CD 35419 288 2 , , , 35419 288 3 p p NNP 35419 288 4 277 277 CD 35419 288 5 . . . 35419 289 1 Raphael Raphael NNP 35419 289 2 Zon Zon NNP 35419 289 3 and and CC 35419 289 4 E. E. NNP 35419 289 5 H. H. NNP 35419 289 6 Clapp Clapp NNP 35419 289 7 , , , 35419 289 8 _ _ NNP 35419 289 9 Cutting Cutting NNP 35419 289 10 Timber Timber NNP 35419 289 11 in in IN 35419 289 12 the the DT 35419 289 13 National National NNP 35419 289 14 Forests Forests NNPS 35419 289 15 _ _ NNP 35419 289 16 . . . 35419 290 1 U. U. NNP 35419 290 2 S. S. NNP 35419 290 3 Department Department NNP 35419 290 4 of of IN 35419 290 5 Agriculture Agriculture NNP 35419 290 6 , , , 35419 290 7 Division Division NNP 35419 290 8 of of IN 35419 290 9 Entomology Entomology NNP 35419 290 10 Bulletins Bulletins NNP 35419 290 11 : : : 35419 290 12 No no UH 35419 290 13 . . . 35419 291 1 11 11 CD 35419 291 2 . . . 35419 291 3 n. n. NNP 35419 291 4 s. s. NNP 35419 291 5 L. L. NNP 35419 291 6 O. O. NNP 35419 291 7 Howard Howard NNP 35419 291 8 , , , 35419 291 9 _ _ NNP 35419 291 10 The the DT 35419 291 11 Gypsy Gypsy NNP 35419 291 12 Moth Moth NNP 35419 291 13 in in IN 35419 291 14 America America NNP 35419 291 15 _ _ NNP 35419 291 16 . . . 35419 292 1 No no UH 35419 292 2 . . . 35419 293 1 28 28 CD 35419 293 2 . . . 35419 294 1 A. A. NNP 35419 294 2 D. D. NNP 35419 294 3 Hopkins Hopkins NNP 35419 294 4 , , , 35419 294 5 _ _ NNP 35419 294 6 Insect Insect NNP 35419 294 7 Enemies Enemies NNPS 35419 294 8 of of IN 35419 294 9 the the DT 35419 294 10 Spruce spruce NN 35419 294 11 in in IN 35419 294 12 the the DT 35419 294 13 Northeast Northeast NNP 35419 294 14 _ _ NNP 35419 294 15 . . . 35419 295 1 No no UH 35419 295 2 . . . 35419 296 1 32 32 CD 35419 296 2 . . . 35419 296 3 n. n. NNP 35419 296 4 s. s. NNP 35419 296 5 A. A. NNP 35419 296 6 D. D. NNP 35419 296 7 Hopkins Hopkins NNP 35419 296 8 , , , 35419 296 9 _ _ NNP 35419 296 10 Insect Insect NNP 35419 296 11 Enemies Enemies NNPS 35419 296 12 of of IN 35419 296 13 the the DT 35419 296 14 Pine Pine NNP 35419 296 15 in in IN 35419 296 16 the the DT 35419 296 17 Black Black NNP 35419 296 18 Hills Hills NNP 35419 296 19 Forest Forest NNP 35419 296 20 Reserve Reserve NNP 35419 296 21 _ _ NNP 35419 296 22 . . . 35419 297 1 No no UH 35419 297 2 . . . 35419 298 1 48 48 CD 35419 298 2 . . . 35419 299 1 A. A. NNP 35419 299 2 D. D. NNP 35419 299 3 Hopkins Hopkins NNP 35419 299 4 , , , 35419 299 5 _ _ NNP 35419 299 6 Catalog Catalog NNP 35419 299 7 of of IN 35419 299 8 Exhibits Exhibits NNPS 35419 299 9 of of IN 35419 299 10 Insect Insect NNP 35419 299 11 Enemies Enemies NNPS 35419 299 12 of of IN 35419 299 13 Forest Forest NNP 35419 299 14 and and CC 35419 299 15 Forest Forest NNP 35419 299 16 Products Products NNPS 35419 299 17 at at IN 35419 299 18 the the DT 35419 299 19 Louisiana Louisiana NNP 35419 299 20 Purchase Purchase NNP 35419 299 21 Exposition Exposition NNP 35419 299 22 , , , 35419 299 23 St. St. NNP 35419 299 24 Louis Louis NNP 35419 299 25 , , , 35419 299 26 Mo. Mo. NNP 35419 299 27 _ _ NNP 35419 299 28 , , , 35419 299 29 1904 1904 CD 35419 299 30 . . . 35419 300 1 No no UH 35419 300 2 . . . 35419 301 1 56 56 CD 35419 301 2 . . . 35419 302 1 A. A. NNP 35419 302 2 D. D. NNP 35419 302 3 Hopkins Hopkins NNP 35419 302 4 , , , 35419 302 5 _ _ NNP 35419 302 6 The the DT 35419 302 7 Black Black NNP 35419 302 8 Hills Hills NNP 35419 302 9 Beetle Beetle NNP 35419 302 10 _ _ NNP 35419 302 11 . . . 35419 303 1 No no UH 35419 303 2 . . . 35419 304 1 58 58 CD 35419 304 2 . . . 35419 305 1 Part part NN 35419 305 2 1 1 CD 35419 305 3 , , , 35419 305 4 A. A. NNP 35419 305 5 D. D. NNP 35419 305 6 Hopkins Hopkins NNP 35419 305 7 , , , 35419 305 8 _ _ NNP 35419 305 9 The the DT 35419 305 10 Locust Locust NNP 35419 305 11 Borer Borer NNP 35419 305 12 _ _ NNP 35419 305 13 . . . 35419 306 1 No no UH 35419 306 2 . . . 35419 307 1 58 58 CD 35419 307 2 . . . 35419 308 1 Part Part NNP 35419 308 2 II II NNP 35419 308 3 , , , 35419 308 4 J. J. NNP 35419 308 5 L. L. NNP 35419 308 6 Webb Webb NNP 35419 308 7 , , , 35419 308 8 _ _ NNP 35419 308 9 The the DT 35419 308 10 Western western JJ 35419 308 11 Pine Pine NNP 35419 308 12 Destroying Destroying NNP 35419 308 13 Bark Bark NNP 35419 308 14 Beetle Beetle NNP 35419 308 15 _ _ NNP 35419 308 16 . . . 35419 309 1 U. U. NNP 35419 309 2 S. S. NNP 35419 309 3 Department Department NNP 35419 309 4 of of IN 35419 309 5 Agriculture Agriculture NNP 35419 309 6 , , , 35419 309 7 Bureau Bureau NNP 35419 309 8 of of IN 35419 309 9 Plant Plant NNP 35419 309 10 Industry Industry NNP 35419 309 11 , , , 35419 309 12 Bulletins bulletin NNS 35419 309 13 : : : 35419 309 14 No no UH 35419 309 15 . . . 35419 310 1 32 32 CD 35419 310 2 . . . 35419 311 1 Herman Herman NNP 35419 311 2 von von NNP 35419 311 3 Schrenck Schrenck NNP 35419 311 4 , , , 35419 311 5 _ _ NNP 35419 311 6 A A NNP 35419 311 7 Disease Disease NNP 35419 311 8 of of IN 35419 311 9 the the DT 35419 311 10 White White NNP 35419 311 11 Ash Ash NNP 35419 311 12 Caused cause VBN 35419 311 13 by by IN 35419 311 14 Polyporus Polyporus NNP 35419 311 15 Fraxinophilus Fraxinophilus NNP 35419 311 16 _ _ NNP 35419 311 17 , , , 35419 311 18 1903 1903 CD 35419 311 19 . . . 35419 312 1 No no UH 35419 312 2 . . . 35419 313 1 36 36 CD 35419 313 2 . . . 35419 314 1 Hermann Hermann NNP 35419 314 2 von von NNP 35419 314 3 Schrenck Schrenck NNP 35419 314 4 , , , 35419 314 5 _ _ NNP 35419 314 6 The the DT 35419 314 7 " " `` 35419 314 8 Bluing bluing NN 35419 314 9 " " '' 35419 314 10 and and CC 35419 314 11 " " `` 35419 314 12 Red Red NNP 35419 314 13 Rot Rot NNP 35419 314 14 " " '' 35419 314 15 of of IN 35419 314 16 the the DT 35419 314 17 Western Western NNP 35419 314 18 Yellow Yellow NNP 35419 314 19 Pine Pine NNP 35419 314 20 _ _ NNP 35419 314 21 , , , 35419 314 22 1903 1903 CD 35419 314 23 . . . 35419 315 1 _ _ NNP 35419 315 2 Report Report NNP 35419 315 3 of of IN 35419 315 4 the the DT 35419 315 5 Commissioner Commissioner NNP 35419 315 6 of of IN 35419 315 7 Corporations Corporations NNPS 35419 315 8 on on IN 35419 315 9 the the DT 35419 315 10 Lumber Lumber NNP 35419 315 11 Industry Industry NNP 35419 315 12 _ _ NNP 35419 315 13 , , , 35419 315 14 Part Part NNP 35419 315 15 I I NNP 35419 315 16 , , , 35419 315 17 _ _ NNP 35419 315 18 Standing Standing NNP 35419 315 19 Timber Timber NNP 35419 315 20 _ _ NNP 35419 315 21 , , , 35419 315 22 February February NNP 35419 315 23 , , , 35419 315 24 1911 1911 CD 35419 315 25 . . . 35419 316 1 The the DT 35419 316 2 latest late JJS 35419 316 3 and and CC 35419 316 4 most most RBS 35419 316 5 reliable reliable JJ 35419 316 6 investigation investigation NN 35419 316 7 into into IN 35419 316 8 the the DT 35419 316 9 amount amount NN 35419 316 10 and and CC 35419 316 11 ownership ownership NN 35419 316 12 of of IN 35419 316 13 the the DT 35419 316 14 forests forest NNS 35419 316 15 of of IN 35419 316 16 the the DT 35419 316 17 United United NNP 35419 316 18 States States NNP 35419 316 19 . . . 35419 317 1 Ward Ward NNP 35419 317 2 , , , 35419 317 3 H. H. NNP 35419 317 4 Marshall Marshall NNP 35419 317 5 , , , 35419 317 6 _ _ NNP 35419 317 7 Timber Timber NNP 35419 317 8 and and CC 35419 317 9 some some DT 35419 317 10 of of IN 35419 317 11 its -PRON- PRP$ 35419 317 12 Diseases Diseases NNP 35419 317 13 _ _ NNP 35419 317 14 . . . 35419 318 1 London London NNP 35419 318 2 : : : 35419 318 3 Macmillan Macmillan NNP 35419 318 4 & & CC 35419 318 5 Co. Co. NNP 35419 318 6 , , , 35419 318 7 295 295 CD 35419 318 8 pp pp NN 35419 318 9 . . . 35419 319 1 An an DT 35419 319 2 English english JJ 35419 319 3 book book NN 35419 319 4 that that WDT 35419 319 5 needs need VBZ 35419 319 6 supplementing supplement VBG 35419 319 7 by by IN 35419 319 8 information information NN 35419 319 9 on on IN 35419 319 10 American american JJ 35419 319 11 wood wood NN 35419 319 12 diseases disease NNS 35419 319 13 , , , 35419 319 14 such such JJ 35419 319 15 as as IN 35419 319 16 is be VBZ 35419 319 17 included include VBN 35419 319 18 in in IN 35419 319 19 the the DT 35419 319 20 list list NN 35419 319 21 of of IN 35419 319 22 government government NN 35419 319 23 publications publication NNS 35419 319 24 given give VBN 35419 319 25 herewith herewith NNP 35419 319 26 . . . 35419 320 1 The the DT 35419 320 2 book book NN 35419 320 3 includes include VBZ 35419 320 4 a a DT 35419 320 5 description description NN 35419 320 6 of of IN 35419 320 7 the the DT 35419 320 8 character character NN 35419 320 9 , , , 35419 320 10 structure structure NN 35419 320 11 , , , 35419 320 12 properties property NNS 35419 320 13 , , , 35419 320 14 varieties variety NNS 35419 320 15 , , , 35419 320 16 and and CC 35419 320 17 classification classification NN 35419 320 18 of of IN 35419 320 19 timbers timber NNS 35419 320 20 . . . 35419 321 1 CHAPTER CHAPTER NNP 35419 321 2 I. I. NNP 35419 322 1 THE the DT 35419 322 2 STRUCTURE structure NN 35419 322 3 OF of IN 35419 322 4 WOOD wood NN 35419 322 5 . . . 35419 323 1 When when WRB 35419 323 2 it -PRON- PRP 35419 323 3 is be VBZ 35419 323 4 remembered remember VBN 35419 323 5 that that IN 35419 323 6 the the DT 35419 323 7 suitability suitability NN 35419 323 8 of of IN 35419 323 9 wood wood NN 35419 323 10 for for IN 35419 323 11 a a DT 35419 323 12 particular particular JJ 35419 323 13 purpose purpose NN 35419 323 14 depends depend VBZ 35419 323 15 most most JJS 35419 323 16 of of IN 35419 323 17 all all DT 35419 323 18 upon upon IN 35419 323 19 its -PRON- PRP$ 35419 323 20 internal internal JJ 35419 323 21 structure structure NN 35419 323 22 , , , 35419 323 23 it -PRON- PRP 35419 323 24 is be VBZ 35419 323 25 plain plain JJ 35419 323 26 that that IN 35419 323 27 the the DT 35419 323 28 woodworker woodworker NN 35419 323 29 should should MD 35419 323 30 know know VB 35419 323 31 the the DT 35419 323 32 essential essential JJ 35419 323 33 characteristics characteristic NNS 35419 323 34 of of IN 35419 323 35 that that DT 35419 323 36 structure structure NN 35419 323 37 . . . 35419 324 1 While while IN 35419 324 2 his -PRON- PRP$ 35419 324 3 main main JJ 35419 324 4 interest interest NN 35419 324 5 in in IN 35419 324 6 wood wood NN 35419 324 7 is be VBZ 35419 324 8 as as IN 35419 324 9 lumber lumber NN 35419 324 10 , , , 35419 324 11 dead dead JJ 35419 324 12 material material NN 35419 324 13 to to TO 35419 324 14 be be VB 35419 324 15 used use VBN 35419 324 16 in in IN 35419 324 17 woodworking woodworking NN 35419 324 18 , , , 35419 324 19 he -PRON- PRP 35419 324 20 can can MD 35419 324 21 properly properly RB 35419 324 22 understand understand VB 35419 324 23 its -PRON- PRP$ 35419 324 24 structure structure NN 35419 324 25 only only RB 35419 324 26 by by IN 35419 324 27 knowing know VBG 35419 324 28 something something NN 35419 324 29 of of IN 35419 324 30 it -PRON- PRP 35419 324 31 as as IN 35419 324 32 a a DT 35419 324 33 live live NN 35419 324 34 , , , 35419 324 35 growing grow VBG 35419 324 36 organism organism NN 35419 324 37 . . . 35419 325 1 To to TO 35419 325 2 facilitate facilitate VB 35419 325 3 this this DT 35419 325 4 , , , 35419 325 5 a a DT 35419 325 6 knowledge knowledge NN 35419 325 7 of of IN 35419 325 8 its -PRON- PRP$ 35419 325 9 position position NN 35419 325 10 in in IN 35419 325 11 the the DT 35419 325 12 plant plant NN 35419 325 13 world world NN 35419 325 14 is be VBZ 35419 325 15 helpful helpful JJ 35419 325 16 . . . 35419 326 1 All all PDT 35419 326 2 the the DT 35419 326 3 useful useful JJ 35419 326 4 woods wood NNS 35419 326 5 are be VBP 35419 326 6 to to TO 35419 326 7 be be VB 35419 326 8 found find VBN 35419 326 9 in in IN 35419 326 10 the the DT 35419 326 11 highest high JJS 35419 326 12 sub sub NN 35419 326 13 - - NN 35419 326 14 kingdom kingdom NN 35419 326 15 of of IN 35419 326 16 the the DT 35419 326 17 plant plant NN 35419 326 18 world world NN 35419 326 19 , , , 35419 326 20 the the DT 35419 326 21 flowering flower VBG 35419 326 22 plants plant NNS 35419 326 23 or or CC 35419 326 24 Phanerogamia Phanerogamia NNP 35419 326 25 of of IN 35419 326 26 the the DT 35419 326 27 botanist botanist NN 35419 326 28 . . . 35419 327 1 These these DT 35419 327 2 flowering flower VBG 35419 327 3 plants plant NNS 35419 327 4 are be VBP 35419 327 5 to to TO 35419 327 6 be be VB 35419 327 7 classified classify VBN 35419 327 8 as as IN 35419 327 9 follows follow VBZ 35419 327 10 : : : 35419 327 11 { { -LRB- 35419 327 12 I. I. NNP 35419 327 13 Gymnosperms Gymnosperms NNPS 35419 327 14 . . . 35419 328 1 ( ( -LRB- 35419 328 2 Naked naked JJ 35419 328 3 seeds seed NNS 35419 328 4 . . . 35419 328 5 ) ) -RRB- 35419 329 1 { { -LRB- 35419 329 2 1 1 CD 35419 329 3 . . . 35419 330 1 Cycadaceae Cycadaceae NNP 35419 330 2 . . . 35419 331 1 ( ( -LRB- 35419 331 2 Palms palm NNS 35419 331 3 , , , 35419 331 4 ferns fern NNS 35419 331 5 , , , 35419 331 6 etc etc FW 35419 331 7 . . . 35419 331 8 ) ) -RRB- 35419 332 1 { { -LRB- 35419 332 2 2 2 CD 35419 332 3 . . . 35419 333 1 Gnetaceae Gnetaceae NNP 35419 333 2 . . . 35419 334 1 ( ( -LRB- 35419 334 2 Joint joint JJ 35419 334 3 firs fir NNS 35419 334 4 . . . 35419 334 5 ) ) -RRB- 35419 335 1 { { -LRB- 35419 335 2 3 3 CD 35419 335 3 . . . 35419 336 1 Conifers conifer NNS 35419 336 2 . . . 35419 337 1 Pines pine NNS 35419 337 2 , , , 35419 337 3 firs fir NNS 35419 337 4 , , , 35419 337 5 etc etc FW 35419 337 6 . . . 35419 338 1 Phanerogamia Phanerogamia NNP 35419 338 2 , , , 35419 338 3 { { -LRB- 35419 338 4 II ii CD 35419 338 5 . . . 35419 339 1 Angiosperms angiosperm NNS 35419 339 2 . . . 35419 340 1 ( ( -LRB- 35419 340 2 Fruits fruit NNS 35419 340 3 . . . 35419 340 4 ) ) -RRB- 35419 341 1 ( ( -LRB- 35419 341 2 Flowering flower VBG 35419 341 3 plants plant NNS 35419 341 4 ) ) -RRB- 35419 341 5 { { -LRB- 35419 341 6 1 1 CD 35419 341 7 . . . 35419 342 1 Monocotyledons monocotyledon NNS 35419 342 2 . . . 35419 343 1 ( ( -LRB- 35419 343 2 One one CD 35419 343 3 seed seed NN 35419 343 4 - - HYPH 35419 343 5 leaf leaf NN 35419 343 6 . . . 35419 343 7 ) ) -RRB- 35419 344 1 { { -LRB- 35419 344 2 ( ( -LRB- 35419 344 3 Palms palm NNS 35419 344 4 , , , 35419 344 5 bamboos bamboo NNS 35419 344 6 , , , 35419 344 7 grasses grass NNS 35419 344 8 , , , 35419 344 9 etc etc FW 35419 344 10 . . . 35419 344 11 ) ) -RRB- 35419 345 1 { { -LRB- 35419 345 2 2 2 CD 35419 345 3 . . . 35419 346 1 Dicotyledons dicotyledon NNS 35419 346 2 . . . 35419 347 1 ( ( -LRB- 35419 347 2 Two two CD 35419 347 3 seed seed NN 35419 347 4 - - HYPH 35419 347 5 leaves leave NNS 35419 347 6 . . . 35419 347 7 ) ) -RRB- 35419 348 1 { { -LRB- 35419 348 2 a. a. NN 35419 349 1 Herbs herb NNS 35419 349 2 . . . 35419 350 1 { { -LRB- 35419 350 2 b. b. NNP 35419 350 3 Broad broad RB 35419 350 4 - - HYPH 35419 350 5 leaved leave VBN 35419 350 6 trees tree NNS 35419 350 7 . . . 35419 351 1 Under under IN 35419 351 2 the the DT 35419 351 3 division division NN 35419 351 4 of of IN 35419 351 5 naked naked JJ 35419 351 6 - - HYPH 35419 351 7 seeded seeded JJ 35419 351 8 plants plant NNS 35419 351 9 ( ( -LRB- 35419 351 10 gymnosperms gymnosperm NNS 35419 351 11 ) ) -RRB- 35419 351 12 , , , 35419 351 13 practically practically RB 35419 351 14 the the DT 35419 351 15 only only JJ 35419 351 16 valuable valuable JJ 35419 351 17 timber timber NN 35419 351 18 - - HYPH 35419 351 19 bearing bear VBG 35419 351 20 plants plant NNS 35419 351 21 are be VBP 35419 351 22 the the DT 35419 351 23 needle needle NN 35419 351 24 - - HYPH 35419 351 25 leaved leave VBN 35419 351 26 trees tree NNS 35419 351 27 or or CC 35419 351 28 the the DT 35419 351 29 conifers conifer NNS 35419 351 30 , , , 35419 351 31 including include VBG 35419 351 32 such such JJ 35419 351 33 trees tree NNS 35419 351 34 as as IN 35419 351 35 the the DT 35419 351 36 pines pine NNS 35419 351 37 , , , 35419 351 38 cedars cedar NNS 35419 351 39 , , , 35419 351 40 spruces spruce NNS 35419 351 41 , , , 35419 351 42 firs fir NNS 35419 351 43 , , , 35419 351 44 etc etc FW 35419 351 45 . . . 35419 352 1 Their -PRON- PRP$ 35419 352 2 wood wood NN 35419 352 3 grows grow VBZ 35419 352 4 rapidly rapidly RB 35419 352 5 in in IN 35419 352 6 concentric concentric JJ 35419 352 7 annual annual JJ 35419 352 8 rings ring NNS 35419 352 9 , , , 35419 352 10 like like IN 35419 352 11 that that DT 35419 352 12 of of IN 35419 352 13 the the DT 35419 352 14 broad broad RB 35419 352 15 - - HYPH 35419 352 16 leaved leave VBN 35419 352 17 trees tree NNS 35419 352 18 ; ; : 35419 352 19 is be VBZ 35419 352 20 easily easily RB 35419 352 21 worked work VBN 35419 352 22 , , , 35419 352 23 and and CC 35419 352 24 is be VBZ 35419 352 25 more more RBR 35419 352 26 widely widely RB 35419 352 27 used use VBN 35419 352 28 than than IN 35419 352 29 the the DT 35419 352 30 wood wood NN 35419 352 31 of of IN 35419 352 32 any any DT 35419 352 33 other other JJ 35419 352 34 class class NN 35419 352 35 of of IN 35419 352 36 trees tree NNS 35419 352 37 . . . 35419 353 1 Of of IN 35419 353 2 fruit fruit NN 35419 353 3 - - HYPH 35419 353 4 bearing bearing NN 35419 353 5 trees tree NNS 35419 353 6 ( ( -LRB- 35419 353 7 angiosperms angiosperm NNS 35419 353 8 ) ) -RRB- 35419 353 9 , , , 35419 353 10 there there EX 35419 353 11 are be VBP 35419 353 12 two two CD 35419 353 13 classes class NNS 35419 353 14 , , , 35419 353 15 those those DT 35419 353 16 that that WDT 35419 353 17 have have VBP 35419 353 18 one one CD 35419 353 19 seed seed NN 35419 353 20 - - HYPH 35419 353 21 leaf leaf NN 35419 353 22 as as IN 35419 353 23 they -PRON- PRP 35419 353 24 germinate germinate VBP 35419 353 25 , , , 35419 353 26 and and CC 35419 353 27 those those DT 35419 353 28 that that WDT 35419 353 29 have have VBP 35419 353 30 two two CD 35419 353 31 seed seed NN 35419 353 32 - - HYPH 35419 353 33 leaves leave NNS 35419 353 34 . . . 35419 354 1 The the DT 35419 354 2 one one CD 35419 354 3 seed seed NN 35419 354 4 - - HYPH 35419 354 5 leaf leaf NN 35419 354 6 plants plant NNS 35419 354 7 ( ( -LRB- 35419 354 8 monocotyledons monocotyledon NNS 35419 354 9 ) ) -RRB- 35419 354 10 include include VBP 35419 354 11 the the DT 35419 354 12 grasses grass NNS 35419 354 13 , , , 35419 354 14 lilies lily NNS 35419 354 15 , , , 35419 354 16 bananas banana NNS 35419 354 17 , , , 35419 354 18 palms palm NNS 35419 354 19 , , , 35419 354 20 etc etc FW 35419 354 21 . . . 35419 355 1 Of of IN 35419 355 2 these these DT 35419 355 3 there there EX 35419 355 4 are be VBP 35419 355 5 only only RB 35419 355 6 a a DT 35419 355 7 few few JJ 35419 355 8 that that WDT 35419 355 9 reach reach VBP 35419 355 10 the the DT 35419 355 11 dimensions dimension NNS 35419 355 12 of of IN 35419 355 13 trees tree NNS 35419 355 14 . . . 35419 356 1 They -PRON- PRP 35419 356 2 are be VBP 35419 356 3 strikingly strikingly RB 35419 356 4 distinguished distinguish VBN 35419 356 5 by by IN 35419 356 6 the the DT 35419 356 7 structure structure NN 35419 356 8 of of IN 35419 356 9 their -PRON- PRP$ 35419 356 10 stems stem NNS 35419 356 11 . . . 35419 357 1 They -PRON- PRP 35419 357 2 have have VBP 35419 357 3 no no DT 35419 357 4 cambium cambium NN 35419 357 5 layer layer NN 35419 357 6 and and CC 35419 357 7 no no DT 35419 357 8 distinct distinct JJ 35419 357 9 bark bark NN 35419 357 10 and and CC 35419 357 11 pith pith NNP 35419 357 12 ; ; : 35419 357 13 they -PRON- PRP 35419 357 14 have have VBP 35419 357 15 unbranched unbranched JJ 35419 357 16 stems stem NNS 35419 357 17 , , , 35419 357 18 which which WDT 35419 357 19 as as IN 35419 357 20 a a DT 35419 357 21 rule rule NN 35419 357 22 do do VBP 35419 357 23 not not RB 35419 357 24 increase increase VB 35419 357 25 in in IN 35419 357 26 diameter diameter NN 35419 357 27 after after IN 35419 357 28 the the DT 35419 357 29 first first JJ 35419 357 30 stages stage NNS 35419 357 31 of of IN 35419 357 32 growth growth NN 35419 357 33 , , , 35419 357 34 but but CC 35419 357 35 grow grow VB 35419 357 36 only only RB 35419 357 37 terminally terminally RB 35419 357 38 . . . 35419 358 1 Instead instead RB 35419 358 2 of of IN 35419 358 3 having have VBG 35419 358 4 concentric concentric JJ 35419 358 5 annual annual JJ 35419 358 6 rings ring NNS 35419 358 7 and and CC 35419 358 8 thus thus RB 35419 358 9 growing grow VBG 35419 358 10 larger large JJR 35419 358 11 year year NN 35419 358 12 by by IN 35419 358 13 year year NN 35419 358 14 , , , 35419 358 15 the the DT 35419 358 16 woody woody NN 35419 358 17 tissue tissue NN 35419 358 18 grows grow VBZ 35419 358 19 here here RB 35419 358 20 and and CC 35419 358 21 there there EX 35419 358 22 thru thru IN 35419 358 23 the the DT 35419 358 24 stem stem NN 35419 358 25 , , , 35419 358 26 but but CC 35419 358 27 mostly mostly RB 35419 358 28 crowded crowd VBD 35419 358 29 together together RB 35419 358 30 toward toward IN 35419 358 31 the the DT 35419 358 32 outer outer JJ 35419 358 33 surfaces surface NNS 35419 358 34 . . . 35419 359 1 Even even RB 35419 359 2 where where WRB 35419 359 3 there there EX 35419 359 4 is be VBZ 35419 359 5 radial radial JJ 35419 359 6 growth growth NN 35419 359 7 , , , 35419 359 8 as as IN 35419 359 9 in in IN 35419 359 10 yucca yucca NNP 35419 359 11 , , , 35419 359 12 the the DT 35419 359 13 structure structure NN 35419 359 14 is be VBZ 35419 359 15 not not RB 35419 359 16 in in IN 35419 359 17 annual annual JJ 35419 359 18 rings ring NNS 35419 359 19 , , , 35419 359 20 but but CC 35419 359 21 irregular irregular JJ 35419 359 22 . . . 35419 360 1 These these DT 35419 360 2 one one CD 35419 360 3 seed seed NN 35419 360 4 - - HYPH 35419 360 5 leaf leaf NN 35419 360 6 trees tree NNS 35419 360 7 ( ( -LRB- 35419 360 8 monocotyledons monocotyledon NNS 35419 360 9 ) ) -RRB- 35419 360 10 are be VBP 35419 360 11 not not RB 35419 360 12 of of IN 35419 360 13 much much JJ 35419 360 14 economic economic JJ 35419 360 15 value value NN 35419 360 16 as as IN 35419 360 17 lumber lumber NN 35419 360 18 , , , 35419 360 19 being be VBG 35419 360 20 used use VBN 35419 360 21 chiefly chiefly RB 35419 360 22 " " '' 35419 360 23 in in IN 35419 360 24 the the DT 35419 360 25 round round NN 35419 360 26 , , , 35419 360 27 " " '' 35419 360 28 and and CC 35419 360 29 to to IN 35419 360 30 some some DT 35419 360 31 extent extent NN 35419 360 32 for for IN 35419 360 33 veneers veneer NNS 35419 360 34 and and CC 35419 360 35 inlays inlay NNS 35419 360 36 ; ; : 35419 360 37 _ _ NNP 35419 360 38 e.g. e.g. RB 35419 360 39 _ _ NNP 35419 360 40 , , , 35419 360 41 cocoanut cocoanut NN 35419 360 42 - - HYPH 35419 360 43 palm palm NN 35419 360 44 and and CC 35419 360 45 porcupine porcupine NN 35419 360 46 wood wood NN 35419 360 47 are be VBP 35419 360 48 so so RB 35419 360 49 used used JJ 35419 360 50 . . . 35419 361 1 The the DT 35419 361 2 most most RBS 35419 361 3 useful useful JJ 35419 361 4 of of IN 35419 361 5 the the DT 35419 361 6 monocotyledons monocotyledon NNS 35419 361 7 , , , 35419 361 8 or or CC 35419 361 9 endogens endogen NNS 35419 361 10 , , , 35419 361 11 ( ( -LRB- 35419 361 12 " " `` 35419 361 13 inside inside JJ 35419 361 14 growers grower NNS 35419 361 15 , , , 35419 361 16 " " '' 35419 361 17 as as IN 35419 361 18 they -PRON- PRP 35419 361 19 are be VBP 35419 361 20 sometimes sometimes RB 35419 361 21 called call VBN 35419 361 22 , , , 35419 361 23 ) ) -RRB- 35419 361 24 are be VBP 35419 361 25 the the DT 35419 361 26 bamboos bamboo NNS 35419 361 27 , , , 35419 361 28 which which WDT 35419 361 29 are be VBP 35419 361 30 giant giant JJ 35419 361 31 members member NNS 35419 361 32 of of IN 35419 361 33 the the DT 35419 361 34 group group NN 35419 361 35 of of IN 35419 361 36 grasses grass NNS 35419 361 37 , , , 35419 361 38 Fig Fig NNP 35419 361 39 . . . 35419 362 1 1 1 LS 35419 362 2 . . . 35419 363 1 They -PRON- PRP 35419 363 2 grow grow VBP 35419 363 3 in in IN 35419 363 4 dense dense JJ 35419 363 5 forests forest NNS 35419 363 6 , , , 35419 363 7 some some DT 35419 363 8 varieties variety NNS 35419 363 9 often often RB 35419 363 10 70 70 CD 35419 363 11 feet foot NNS 35419 363 12 high high JJ 35419 363 13 and and CC 35419 363 14 6 6 CD 35419 363 15 inches inch NNS 35419 363 16 in in IN 35419 363 17 diameter diameter NN 35419 363 18 , , , 35419 363 19 shooting shoot VBG 35419 363 20 up up RP 35419 363 21 their -PRON- PRP$ 35419 363 22 entire entire JJ 35419 363 23 height height NN 35419 363 24 in in IN 35419 363 25 a a DT 35419 363 26 single single JJ 35419 363 27 season season NN 35419 363 28 . . . 35419 364 1 Bamboo Bamboo NNP 35419 364 2 is be VBZ 35419 364 3 very very RB 35419 364 4 highly highly RB 35419 364 5 valued value VBN 35419 364 6 in in IN 35419 364 7 the the DT 35419 364 8 Orient Orient NNP 35419 364 9 , , , 35419 364 10 where where WRB 35419 364 11 it -PRON- PRP 35419 364 12 is be VBZ 35419 364 13 used use VBN 35419 364 14 for for IN 35419 364 15 masts mast NNS 35419 364 16 , , , 35419 364 17 for for IN 35419 364 18 house house NN 35419 364 19 rafters rafter NNS 35419 364 20 , , , 35419 364 21 and and CC 35419 364 22 other other JJ 35419 364 23 building building NN 35419 364 24 purposes purpose NNS 35419 364 25 , , , 35419 364 26 for for IN 35419 364 27 gutters gutter NNS 35419 364 28 and and CC 35419 364 29 water water NN 35419 364 30 - - HYPH 35419 364 31 pipes pipe NNS 35419 364 32 and and CC 35419 364 33 in in IN 35419 364 34 countless countless JJ 35419 364 35 other other JJ 35419 364 36 ways way NNS 35419 364 37 . . . 35419 365 1 It -PRON- PRP 35419 365 2 is be VBZ 35419 365 3 twice twice RB 35419 365 4 as as RB 35419 365 5 strong strong JJ 35419 365 6 as as IN 35419 365 7 any any DT 35419 365 8 of of IN 35419 365 9 our -PRON- PRP$ 35419 365 10 woods wood NNS 35419 365 11 . . . 35419 366 1 Under under IN 35419 366 2 the the DT 35419 366 3 fruit fruit NN 35419 366 4 - - HYPH 35419 366 5 bearing bearing NN 35419 366 6 trees tree NNS 35419 366 7 ( ( -LRB- 35419 366 8 angiosperms angiosperm NNS 35419 366 9 ) ) -RRB- 35419 366 10 , , , 35419 366 11 timber timber NN 35419 366 12 trees tree NNS 35419 366 13 are be VBP 35419 366 14 chiefly chiefly RB 35419 366 15 found find VBN 35419 366 16 among among IN 35419 366 17 those those DT 35419 366 18 that that WDT 35419 366 19 have have VBP 35419 366 20 two two CD 35419 366 21 seed seed NN 35419 366 22 - - HYPH 35419 366 23 leaves leave NNS 35419 366 24 ( ( -LRB- 35419 366 25 the the DT 35419 366 26 dicotyledons dicotyledon NNS 35419 366 27 ) ) -RRB- 35419 366 28 and and CC 35419 366 29 include include VBP 35419 366 30 the the DT 35419 366 31 great great JJ 35419 366 32 mass mass NN 35419 366 33 of of IN 35419 366 34 broad broad RB 35419 366 35 - - HYPH 35419 366 36 leaved leaved JJ 35419 366 37 or or CC 35419 366 38 deciduous deciduous JJ 35419 366 39 trees tree NNS 35419 366 40 such such JJ 35419 366 41 as as IN 35419 366 42 chestnut chestnut NN 35419 366 43 , , , 35419 366 44 oak oak NN 35419 366 45 , , , 35419 366 46 ash ash NN 35419 366 47 and and CC 35419 366 48 maple maple NN 35419 366 49 . . . 35419 367 1 It -PRON- PRP 35419 367 2 is be VBZ 35419 367 3 to to IN 35419 367 4 these these DT 35419 367 5 and and CC 35419 367 6 to to IN 35419 367 7 the the DT 35419 367 8 conifers conifer NNS 35419 367 9 that that WDT 35419 367 10 our -PRON- PRP$ 35419 367 11 principal principal JJ 35419 367 12 attention attention NN 35419 367 13 will will MD 35419 367 14 be be VB 35419 367 15 given give VBN 35419 367 16 , , , 35419 367 17 since since IN 35419 367 18 they -PRON- PRP 35419 367 19 constitute constitute VBP 35419 367 20 the the DT 35419 367 21 bulk bulk NN 35419 367 22 of of IN 35419 367 23 the the DT 35419 367 24 wood wood NN 35419 367 25 in in IN 35419 367 26 common common JJ 35419 367 27 use use NN 35419 367 28 . . . 35419 368 1 The the DT 35419 368 2 timber timber NN 35419 368 3 - - HYPH 35419 368 4 bearing bearing NN 35419 368 5 trees tree NNS 35419 368 6 , , , 35419 368 7 then then RB 35419 368 8 , , , 35419 368 9 are be VBP 35419 368 10 the the DT 35419 368 11 : : : 35419 368 12 ( ( -LRB- 35419 368 13 1 1 LS 35419 368 14 ) ) -RRB- 35419 368 15 Conifers conifer NNS 35419 368 16 , , , 35419 368 17 the the DT 35419 368 18 needle needle NN 35419 368 19 - - HYPH 35419 368 20 leaved leaved JJ 35419 368 21 , , , 35419 368 22 naked naked JJ 35419 368 23 - - HYPH 35419 368 24 seeded seeded JJ 35419 368 25 trees tree NNS 35419 368 26 , , , 35419 368 27 such such JJ 35419 368 28 as as IN 35419 368 29 pine pine NN 35419 368 30 , , , 35419 368 31 cedar cedar NN 35419 368 32 , , , 35419 368 33 etc etc FW 35419 368 34 . . . 35419 369 1 Fig fig NN 35419 369 2 . . . 35419 370 1 45 45 CD 35419 370 2 , , , 35419 370 3 p. p. NN 35419 370 4 199 199 CD 35419 370 5 . . . 35419 371 1 ( ( -LRB- 35419 371 2 2 2 LS 35419 371 3 ) ) -RRB- 35419 371 4 Endogens endogen NNS 35419 371 5 , , , 35419 371 6 which which WDT 35419 371 7 have have VBP 35419 371 8 one one CD 35419 371 9 seed seed NN 35419 371 10 - - HYPH 35419 371 11 leaf leaf NN 35419 371 12 , , , 35419 371 13 such such JJ 35419 371 14 as as IN 35419 371 15 bamboos bamboo NNS 35419 371 16 , , , 35419 371 17 Fig Fig NNP 35419 371 18 . . . 35419 372 1 1 1 LS 35419 372 2 . . . 35419 373 1 ( ( -LRB- 35419 373 2 3 3 LS 35419 373 3 ) ) -RRB- 35419 373 4 Broad broad RB 35419 373 5 - - HYPH 35419 373 6 leaved leave VBN 35419 373 7 trees tree NNS 35419 373 8 , , , 35419 373 9 having have VBG 35419 373 10 two two CD 35419 373 11 seed seed NN 35419 373 12 - - HYPH 35419 373 13 leaves leave NNS 35419 373 14 , , , 35419 373 15 such such JJ 35419 373 16 as as IN 35419 373 17 oak oak NN 35419 373 18 , , , 35419 373 19 beech beech NNP 35419 373 20 , , , 35419 373 21 and and CC 35419 373 22 elm elm NNP 35419 373 23 . . . 35419 374 1 Fig fig NN 35419 374 2 . . . 35419 375 1 48 48 CD 35419 375 2 , , , 35419 375 3 p. p. NN 35419 375 4 202 202 CD 35419 375 5 . . . 35419 376 1 The the DT 35419 376 2 common common JJ 35419 376 3 classifications classification NNS 35419 376 4 of of IN 35419 376 5 trees tree NNS 35419 376 6 are be VBP 35419 376 7 quite quite RB 35419 376 8 inaccurate inaccurate JJ 35419 376 9 . . . 35419 377 1 Many many JJ 35419 377 2 of of IN 35419 377 3 the the DT 35419 377 4 so so RB 35419 377 5 - - HYPH 35419 377 6 called call VBN 35419 377 7 deciduous deciduous JJ 35419 377 8 ( ( -LRB- 35419 377 9 Latin Latin NNP 35419 377 10 , , , 35419 377 11 _ _ NNP 35419 377 12 deciduus deciduus NN 35419 377 13 _ _ NNP 35419 377 14 , , , 35419 377 15 falling fall VBG 35419 377 16 off off RP 35419 377 17 ) ) -RRB- 35419 377 18 trees tree NNS 35419 377 19 are be VBP 35419 377 20 evergreen evergreen JJ 35419 377 21 , , , 35419 377 22 such such JJ 35419 377 23 as as IN 35419 377 24 holly holly RB 35419 377 25 , , , 35419 377 26 and and CC 35419 377 27 , , , 35419 377 28 in in IN 35419 377 29 the the DT 35419 377 30 south south NN 35419 377 31 , , , 35419 377 32 live live JJ 35419 377 33 oak oak NN 35419 377 34 , , , 35419 377 35 magnolia magnolia NNS 35419 377 36 and and CC 35419 377 37 cherry cherry NN 35419 377 38 . . . 35419 378 1 So so RB 35419 378 2 , , , 35419 378 3 too too RB 35419 378 4 , , , 35419 378 5 some some DT 35419 378 6 of of IN 35419 378 7 the the DT 35419 378 8 alleged allege VBN 35419 378 9 " " `` 35419 378 10 evergreens evergreen NNS 35419 378 11 , , , 35419 378 12 " " '' 35419 378 13 like like IN 35419 378 14 bald bald JJ 35419 378 15 cypress cypress NNP 35419 378 16 and and CC 35419 378 17 tamarack tamarack NN 35419 378 18 , , , 35419 378 19 shed shed VBP 35419 378 20 their -PRON- PRP$ 35419 378 21 leaves leave NNS 35419 378 22 annually annually RB 35419 378 23 . . . 35419 379 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 379 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 379 3 : : : 35419 379 4 Fig Fig NNP 35419 379 5 . . . 35419 380 1 1 1 LS 35419 380 2 . . . 35419 381 1 A a DT 35419 381 2 Bamboo Bamboo NNP 35419 381 3 Grove Grove NNP 35419 381 4 , , , 35419 381 5 Kioto Kioto NNP 35419 381 6 , , , 35419 381 7 Japan Japan NNP 35419 381 8 . . . 35419 381 9 ] ] -RRB- 35419 382 1 Not not RB 35419 382 2 all all DT 35419 382 3 of of IN 35419 382 4 the the DT 35419 382 5 " " `` 35419 382 6 conifers conifer NNS 35419 382 7 " " '' 35419 382 8 bear bear NN 35419 382 9 cones cone NNS 35419 382 10 . . . 35419 383 1 For for IN 35419 383 2 example example NN 35419 383 3 , , , 35419 383 4 the the DT 35419 383 5 juniper juniper NN 35419 383 6 bears bear VBZ 35419 383 7 a a DT 35419 383 8 berry berry NN 35419 383 9 . . . 35419 384 1 The the DT 35419 384 2 ginko ginko NN 35419 384 3 , , , 35419 384 4 Fig Fig NNP 35419 384 5 . . . 35419 385 1 2 2 LS 35419 385 2 , , , 35419 385 3 tho tho NN 35419 385 4 classed class VBN 35419 385 5 among among IN 35419 385 6 the the DT 35419 385 7 " " `` 35419 385 8 conifers conifer NNS 35419 385 9 , , , 35419 385 10 " " '' 35419 385 11 the the DT 35419 385 12 " " `` 35419 385 13 evergreens evergreen NNS 35419 385 14 , , , 35419 385 15 " " '' 35419 385 16 and and CC 35419 385 17 the the DT 35419 385 18 " " `` 35419 385 19 needle needle NN 35419 385 20 - - HYPH 35419 385 21 leaf leaf NN 35419 385 22 " " '' 35419 385 23 trees tree NNS 35419 385 24 , , , 35419 385 25 bears bear VBZ 35419 385 26 no no DT 35419 385 27 cones cone NNS 35419 385 28 , , , 35419 385 29 has have VBZ 35419 385 30 broad broad JJ 35419 385 31 leaves leave NNS 35419 385 32 and and CC 35419 385 33 is be VBZ 35419 385 34 deciduous deciduous JJ 35419 385 35 . . . 35419 386 1 It -PRON- PRP 35419 386 2 has have VBZ 35419 386 3 an an DT 35419 386 4 especial especial JJ 35419 386 5 interest interest NN 35419 386 6 as as IN 35419 386 7 being be VBG 35419 386 8 the the DT 35419 386 9 sole sole JJ 35419 386 10 survivor survivor NN 35419 386 11 of of IN 35419 386 12 many many JJ 35419 386 13 species specie NNS 35419 386 14 which which WDT 35419 386 15 grew grow VBD 35419 386 16 abundantly abundantly RB 35419 386 17 in in IN 35419 386 18 the the DT 35419 386 19 carboniferous carboniferous JJ 35419 386 20 age age NN 35419 386 21 . . . 35419 387 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 387 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 387 3 : : : 35419 387 4 Fig Fig NNP 35419 387 5 . . . 35419 388 1 2 2 LS 35419 388 2 . . . 35419 389 1 Ginko Ginko NNP 35419 389 2 Leaf Leaf NNP 35419 389 3 . . . 35419 389 4 ] ] -RRB- 35419 390 1 Also also RB 35419 390 2 , , , 35419 390 3 the the DT 35419 390 4 terms term NNS 35419 390 5 used use VBN 35419 390 6 by by IN 35419 390 7 lumbermen lumberman NNS 35419 390 8 , , , 35419 390 9 " " `` 35419 390 10 hard hard JJ 35419 390 11 woods wood NNS 35419 390 12 " " '' 35419 390 13 for for IN 35419 390 14 broad broad RB 35419 390 15 - - HYPH 35419 390 16 leaved leave VBN 35419 390 17 trees tree NNS 35419 390 18 and and CC 35419 390 19 " " `` 35419 390 20 soft soft JJ 35419 390 21 woods wood NNS 35419 390 22 " " '' 35419 390 23 for for IN 35419 390 24 conifers conifer NNS 35419 390 25 , , , 35419 390 26 are be VBP 35419 390 27 still still RB 35419 390 28 less less RBR 35419 390 29 exact exact JJ 35419 390 30 , , , 35419 390 31 for for IN 35419 390 32 the the DT 35419 390 33 wood wood NN 35419 390 34 of of IN 35419 390 35 some some DT 35419 390 36 broad broad RB 35419 390 37 - - HYPH 35419 390 38 leaved leave VBN 35419 390 39 trees tree NNS 35419 390 40 , , , 35419 390 41 as as IN 35419 390 42 bass bass NN 35419 390 43 and and CC 35419 390 44 poplar poplar NN 35419 390 45 , , , 35419 390 46 is be VBZ 35419 390 47 much much RB 35419 390 48 softer soft JJR 35419 390 49 than than IN 35419 390 50 that that DT 35419 390 51 of of IN 35419 390 52 some some DT 35419 390 53 conifers conifer NNS 35419 390 54 , , , 35419 390 55 as as IN 35419 390 56 Georgia Georgia NNP 35419 390 57 pine pine NN 35419 390 58 and and CC 35419 390 59 lignum lignum NN 35419 390 60 vitae vitae NN 35419 390 61 . . . 35419 391 1 Another another DT 35419 391 2 classification classification NN 35419 391 3 commonly commonly RB 35419 391 4 made make VBN 35419 391 5 is be VBZ 35419 391 6 that that DT 35419 391 7 of of IN 35419 391 8 " " `` 35419 391 9 endogens endogen NNS 35419 391 10 " " '' 35419 391 11 ( ( -LRB- 35419 391 12 inside inside JJ 35419 391 13 growers grower NNS 35419 391 14 ) ) -RRB- 35419 391 15 including include VBG 35419 391 16 bamboos bamboo NNS 35419 391 17 , , , 35419 391 18 palms palm NNS 35419 391 19 , , , 35419 391 20 etc etc FW 35419 391 21 . . FW 35419 391 22 , , , 35419 391 23 and and CC 35419 391 24 exogens exogens NNP 35419 391 25 ( ( -LRB- 35419 391 26 outside outside JJ 35419 391 27 growers grower NNS 35419 391 28 ) ) -RRB- 35419 391 29 which which WDT 35419 391 30 would would MD 35419 391 31 include include VB 35419 391 32 both both DT 35419 391 33 conifers conifer NNS 35419 391 34 and and CC 35419 391 35 broad broad RB 35419 391 36 - - HYPH 35419 391 37 leaved leave VBN 35419 391 38 trees tree NNS 35419 391 39 . . . 35419 392 1 One one CD 35419 392 2 reason reason NN 35419 392 3 why why WRB 35419 392 4 so so RB 35419 392 5 many many JJ 35419 392 6 classifications classification NNS 35419 392 7 have have VBP 35419 392 8 come come VBN 35419 392 9 into into IN 35419 392 10 use use NN 35419 392 11 is be VBZ 35419 392 12 that that IN 35419 392 13 none none NN 35419 392 14 of of IN 35419 392 15 them -PRON- PRP 35419 392 16 is be VBZ 35419 392 17 quite quite RB 35419 392 18 accurate accurate JJ 35419 392 19 . . . 35419 393 1 A a DT 35419 393 2 better well JJR 35419 393 3 one one NN 35419 393 4 will will MD 35419 393 5 be be VB 35419 393 6 explained explain VBN 35419 393 7 later later RBR 35419 393 8 . . . 35419 394 1 See see VB 35419 394 2 p. p. NN 35419 394 3 23 23 CD 35419 394 4 . . . 35419 395 1 As as IN 35419 395 2 in in IN 35419 395 3 the the DT 35419 395 4 study study NN 35419 395 5 of of IN 35419 395 6 all all DT 35419 395 7 woods wood NNS 35419 395 8 three three CD 35419 395 9 sections section NNS 35419 395 10 are be VBP 35419 395 11 made make VBN 35419 395 12 , , , 35419 395 13 it -PRON- PRP 35419 395 14 is be VBZ 35419 395 15 well well RB 35419 395 16 at at IN 35419 395 17 the the DT 35419 395 18 outset outset NN 35419 395 19 to to TO 35419 395 20 understand understand VB 35419 395 21 clearly clearly RB 35419 395 22 what what WP 35419 395 23 these these DT 35419 395 24 are be VBP 35419 395 25 . . . 35419 396 1 The the DT 35419 396 2 sections section NNS 35419 396 3 of of IN 35419 396 4 a a DT 35419 396 5 tree tree NN 35419 396 6 made make VBN 35419 396 7 for for IN 35419 396 8 its -PRON- PRP$ 35419 396 9 study study NN 35419 396 10 are be VBP 35419 396 11 ( ( -LRB- 35419 396 12 Fig fig NN 35419 396 13 . . . 35419 397 1 3 3 LS 35419 397 2 ) ) -RRB- 35419 397 3 : : : 35419 397 4 ( ( -LRB- 35419 397 5 1 1 LS 35419 397 6 ) ) -RRB- 35419 397 7 Transverse Transverse NNP 35419 397 8 , , , 35419 397 9 a a DT 35419 397 10 plane plane NN 35419 397 11 at at IN 35419 397 12 right right JJ 35419 397 13 angles angle NNS 35419 397 14 to to IN 35419 397 15 the the DT 35419 397 16 organic organic JJ 35419 397 17 axis axis NN 35419 397 18 . . . 35419 398 1 ( ( -LRB- 35419 398 2 2 2 LS 35419 398 3 ) ) -RRB- 35419 398 4 Radial Radial NNP 35419 398 5 , , , 35419 398 6 a a DT 35419 398 7 longitudinal longitudinal JJ 35419 398 8 plane plane NN 35419 398 9 , , , 35419 398 10 including include VBG 35419 398 11 the the DT 35419 398 12 organic organic JJ 35419 398 13 axis axis NN 35419 398 14 . . . 35419 399 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 399 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 399 3 : : : 35419 399 4 Fig Fig NNP 35419 399 5 . . . 35419 400 1 3 3 LS 35419 400 2 . . . 35419 401 1 A. A. NNP 35419 402 1 A a DT 35419 402 2 , , , 35419 402 3 B b NN 35419 402 4 , , , 35419 402 5 C C NNP 35419 402 6 , , , 35419 402 7 D d NN 35419 402 8 , , , 35419 402 9 Transverse Transverse NNP 35419 402 10 Section Section NNP 35419 402 11 . . . 35419 403 1 B b NN 35419 403 2 , , , 35419 403 3 D d NN 35419 403 4 , , , 35419 403 5 E e NN 35419 403 6 , , , 35419 403 7 F F NNP 35419 403 8 , , , 35419 403 9 Radial Radial NNP 35419 403 10 Section Section NNP 35419 403 11 . . . 35419 404 1 G g NN 35419 404 2 , , , 35419 404 3 H h NN 35419 404 4 , , , 35419 404 5 I -PRON- PRP 35419 404 6 , , , 35419 404 7 J J NNP 35419 404 8 , , , 35419 404 9 Tangential Tangential NNP 35419 404 10 Section Section NNP 35419 404 11 . . . 35419 405 1 B. B. NNP 35419 406 1 A a DT 35419 406 2 , , , 35419 406 3 B b NN 35419 406 4 , , , 35419 406 5 C C NNP 35419 406 6 , , , 35419 406 7 Transverse Transverse NNP 35419 406 8 Section Section NNP 35419 406 9 . . . 35419 407 1 A a DT 35419 407 2 , , , 35419 407 3 B b NN 35419 407 4 , , , 35419 407 5 D d NN 35419 407 6 , , , 35419 407 7 E e NN 35419 407 8 , , , 35419 407 9 Radial Radial NNP 35419 407 10 Section Section NNP 35419 407 11 . . . 35419 408 1 B b NN 35419 408 2 , , , 35419 408 3 C c NN 35419 408 4 , , , 35419 408 5 E E NNP 35419 408 6 , , , 35419 408 7 F F NNP 35419 408 8 , , , 35419 408 9 Tangential Tangential NNP 35419 408 10 Section Section NNP 35419 408 11 . . . 35419 408 12 ] ] -RRB- 35419 409 1 ( ( -LRB- 35419 409 2 3 3 LS 35419 409 3 ) ) -RRB- 35419 409 4 Tangential Tangential NNP 35419 409 5 , , , 35419 409 6 a a DT 35419 409 7 longitudinal longitudinal JJ 35419 409 8 plane plane NN 35419 409 9 not not RB 35419 409 10 including include VBG 35419 409 11 the the DT 35419 409 12 organic organic JJ 35419 409 13 axis axis NN 35419 409 14 . . . 35419 410 1 If if IN 35419 410 2 a a DT 35419 410 3 transverse transverse JJ 35419 410 4 section section NN 35419 410 5 of of IN 35419 410 6 the the DT 35419 410 7 trunk trunk NN 35419 410 8 of of IN 35419 410 9 a a DT 35419 410 10 conifer conifer NN 35419 410 11 or or CC 35419 410 12 of of IN 35419 410 13 a a DT 35419 410 14 broad broad RB 35419 410 15 - - HYPH 35419 410 16 leaved leave VBN 35419 410 17 tree tree NN 35419 410 18 is be VBZ 35419 410 19 made make VBN 35419 410 20 , , , 35419 410 21 it -PRON- PRP 35419 410 22 is be VBZ 35419 410 23 to to TO 35419 410 24 be be VB 35419 410 25 noted note VBN 35419 410 26 that that IN 35419 410 27 it -PRON- PRP 35419 410 28 consists consist VBZ 35419 410 29 of of IN 35419 410 30 several several JJ 35419 410 31 distinct distinct JJ 35419 410 32 parts part NNS 35419 410 33 . . . 35419 411 1 See see VB 35419 411 2 Fig Fig NNP 35419 411 3 . . . 35419 412 1 4 4 LS 35419 412 2 . . . 35419 413 1 These these DT 35419 413 2 , , , 35419 413 3 beginning begin VBG 35419 413 4 at at IN 35419 413 5 the the DT 35419 413 6 outside outside NN 35419 413 7 , , , 35419 413 8 are be VBP 35419 413 9 : : : 35419 413 10 ( ( -LRB- 35419 413 11 1 1 LS 35419 413 12 ) ) -RRB- 35419 413 13 Rind rind NN 35419 413 14 or or CC 35419 413 15 bark bark VB 35419 413 16 ( ( -LRB- 35419 413 17 a a LS 35419 413 18 ) ) -RRB- 35419 413 19 Cortex Cortex NNP 35419 413 20 ( ( -LRB- 35419 413 21 b b NN 35419 413 22 ) ) -RRB- 35419 413 23 Bast bast NN 35419 413 24 ( ( -LRB- 35419 413 25 2 2 LS 35419 413 26 ) ) -RRB- 35419 413 27 Cambium cambium NN 35419 413 28 ( ( -LRB- 35419 413 29 3 3 LS 35419 413 30 ) ) -RRB- 35419 413 31 Wood wood NN 35419 413 32 ( ( -LRB- 35419 413 33 a a DT 35419 413 34 ) ) -RRB- 35419 413 35 Sap sap NN 35419 413 36 - - HYPH 35419 413 37 wood wood NN 35419 413 38 ( ( -LRB- 35419 413 39 b b NN 35419 413 40 ) ) -RRB- 35419 413 41 Heart heart NN 35419 413 42 - - HYPH 35419 413 43 wood wood NN 35419 413 44 ( ( -LRB- 35419 413 45 4 4 CD 35419 413 46 ) ) -RRB- 35419 413 47 Pith Pith NNP 35419 413 48 . . . 35419 414 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 414 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 414 3 : : : 35419 414 4 Fig Fig NNP 35419 414 5 . . . 35419 415 1 4 4 LS 35419 415 2 . . . 35419 416 1 Diagram Diagram NNP 35419 416 2 of of IN 35419 416 3 Cross Cross NNP 35419 416 4 - - NN 35419 416 5 section section NN 35419 416 6 of of IN 35419 416 7 Three Three NNP 35419 416 8 Year Year NNP 35419 416 9 Old Old NNP 35419 416 10 Stem Stem NNP 35419 416 11 of of IN 35419 416 12 Basswood Basswood NNP 35419 416 13 . . . 35419 416 14 ] ] -RRB- 35419 417 1 ( ( -LRB- 35419 417 2 1 1 LS 35419 417 3 ) ) -RRB- 35419 417 4 The the DT 35419 417 5 rind rind NN 35419 417 6 or or CC 35419 417 7 _ _ NNP 35419 417 8 bark bark NN 35419 417 9 _ _ NNP 35419 417 10 is be VBZ 35419 417 11 made make VBN 35419 417 12 up up RP 35419 417 13 of of IN 35419 417 14 two two CD 35419 417 15 layers layer NNS 35419 417 16 , , , 35419 417 17 the the DT 35419 417 18 outer outer NN 35419 417 19 of of IN 35419 417 20 which which WDT 35419 417 21 , , , 35419 417 22 the the DT 35419 417 23 " " `` 35419 417 24 cortex cortex NNP 35419 417 25 , , , 35419 417 26 " " '' 35419 417 27 is be VBZ 35419 417 28 corky corky JJ 35419 417 29 and and CC 35419 417 30 usually usually RB 35419 417 31 scales scale VBZ 35419 417 32 or or CC 35419 417 33 pulls pull VBZ 35419 417 34 off off RP 35419 417 35 easily easily RB 35419 417 36 ; ; : 35419 417 37 while while IN 35419 417 38 the the DT 35419 417 39 inner inner JJ 35419 417 40 one one CD 35419 417 41 is be VBZ 35419 417 42 a a DT 35419 417 43 fibrous fibrous JJ 35419 417 44 coat coat NN 35419 417 45 called call VBN 35419 417 46 " " `` 35419 417 47 bast bast NN 35419 417 48 " " '' 35419 417 49 or or CC 35419 417 50 " " `` 35419 417 51 phloem phloem VB 35419 417 52 . . . 35419 417 53 " " '' 35419 418 1 Together together RB 35419 418 2 they -PRON- PRP 35419 418 3 form form VBP 35419 418 4 a a DT 35419 418 5 cone cone NN 35419 418 6 , , , 35419 418 7 widest wide JJS 35419 418 8 , , , 35419 418 9 thickest thickest DT 35419 418 10 , , , 35419 418 11 and and CC 35419 418 12 roughest roughest VB 35419 418 13 at at IN 35419 418 14 the the DT 35419 418 15 base base NN 35419 418 16 and and CC 35419 418 17 becoming become VBG 35419 418 18 narrower narrower RBR 35419 418 19 toward toward IN 35419 418 20 the the DT 35419 418 21 top top NN 35419 418 22 of of IN 35419 418 23 the the DT 35419 418 24 tree tree NN 35419 418 25 . . . 35419 419 1 The the DT 35419 419 2 cortex cortex NN 35419 419 3 or or CC 35419 419 4 outer outer JJ 35419 419 5 bark bark NN 35419 419 6 serves serve VBZ 35419 419 7 to to TO 35419 419 8 protect protect VB 35419 419 9 the the DT 35419 419 10 stem stem NN 35419 419 11 of of IN 35419 419 12 the the DT 35419 419 13 tree tree NN 35419 419 14 from from IN 35419 419 15 extremes extreme NNS 35419 419 16 of of IN 35419 419 17 heat heat NN 35419 419 18 and and CC 35419 419 19 cold cold JJ 35419 419 20 , , , 35419 419 21 from from IN 35419 419 22 atmospheric atmospheric JJ 35419 419 23 changes change NNS 35419 419 24 , , , 35419 419 25 and and CC 35419 419 26 from from IN 35419 419 27 the the DT 35419 419 28 browsing browsing NN 35419 419 29 of of IN 35419 419 30 animals animal NNS 35419 419 31 . . . 35419 420 1 It -PRON- PRP 35419 420 2 is be VBZ 35419 420 3 made make VBN 35419 420 4 up up RP 35419 420 5 of of IN 35419 420 6 a a DT 35419 420 7 tough tough JJ 35419 420 8 water water NN 35419 420 9 - - HYPH 35419 420 10 proof proof NN 35419 420 11 layer layer NN 35419 420 12 of of IN 35419 420 13 cork cork NN 35419 420 14 which which WDT 35419 420 15 has have VBZ 35419 420 16 taken take VBN 35419 420 17 the the DT 35419 420 18 place place NN 35419 420 19 of of IN 35419 420 20 the the DT 35419 420 21 tender tender NN 35419 420 22 skin skin NN 35419 420 23 or or CC 35419 420 24 " " `` 35419 420 25 epidermis epidermis FW 35419 420 26 " " '' 35419 420 27 of of IN 35419 420 28 the the DT 35419 420 29 twig twig NNP 35419 420 30 . . . 35419 421 1 Because because IN 35419 421 2 it -PRON- PRP 35419 421 3 is be VBZ 35419 421 4 water water NN 35419 421 5 - - HYPH 35419 421 6 proof proof NN 35419 421 7 the the DT 35419 421 8 outside outside JJ 35419 421 9 tissue tissue NN 35419 421 10 is be VBZ 35419 421 11 cut cut VBN 35419 421 12 off off RP 35419 421 13 from from IN 35419 421 14 the the DT 35419 421 15 water water NN 35419 421 16 supply supply NN 35419 421 17 of of IN 35419 421 18 the the DT 35419 421 19 tree tree NN 35419 421 20 , , , 35419 421 21 and and CC 35419 421 22 so so RB 35419 421 23 dries dry VBZ 35419 421 24 up up RP 35419 421 25 and and CC 35419 421 26 peels peel VBZ 35419 421 27 off off RP 35419 421 28 , , , 35419 421 29 a a DT 35419 421 30 mass mass NN 35419 421 31 of of IN 35419 421 32 dead dead JJ 35419 421 33 matter matter NN 35419 421 34 . . . 35419 422 1 The the DT 35419 422 2 cork cork NN 35419 422 3 and and CC 35419 422 4 the the DT 35419 422 5 dead dead JJ 35419 422 6 stuff stuff NN 35419 422 7 together together RB 35419 422 8 are be VBP 35419 422 9 called call VBN 35419 422 10 the the DT 35419 422 11 bark bark NN 35419 422 12 . . . 35419 423 1 As as IN 35419 423 2 we -PRON- PRP 35419 423 3 shall shall MD 35419 423 4 see see VB 35419 423 5 later later RBR 35419 423 6 , , , 35419 423 7 the the DT 35419 423 8 cork cork NN 35419 423 9 grows grow VBZ 35419 423 10 from from IN 35419 423 11 the the DT 35419 423 12 inside inside NN 35419 423 13 , , , 35419 423 14 being be VBG 35419 423 15 formed form VBN 35419 423 16 in in IN 35419 423 17 the the DT 35419 423 18 inner inner JJ 35419 423 19 layers layer NNS 35419 423 20 of of IN 35419 423 21 the the DT 35419 423 22 cortex cortex NN 35419 423 23 , , , 35419 423 24 the the DT 35419 423 25 outer outer JJ 35419 423 26 layers layer NNS 35419 423 27 of of IN 35419 423 28 dry dry JJ 35419 423 29 bark bark NN 35419 423 30 being be VBG 35419 423 31 thus thus RB 35419 423 32 successively successively RB 35419 423 33 cut cut VBN 35419 423 34 off off RP 35419 423 35 . . . 35419 424 1 The the DT 35419 424 2 characteristics characteristic NNS 35419 424 3 of of IN 35419 424 4 the the DT 35419 424 5 tree tree NN 35419 424 6 bark bark NN 35419 424 7 are be VBP 35419 424 8 due due JJ 35419 424 9 to to IN 35419 424 10 the the DT 35419 424 11 positions position NNS 35419 424 12 and and CC 35419 424 13 kinds kind NNS 35419 424 14 of of IN 35419 424 15 tissue tissue NN 35419 424 16 of of IN 35419 424 17 these these DT 35419 424 18 new new JJ 35419 424 19 layers layer NNS 35419 424 20 of of IN 35419 424 21 cork cork NN 35419 424 22 . . . 35419 425 1 Each each DT 35419 425 2 tree tree NN 35419 425 3 has have VBZ 35419 425 4 its -PRON- PRP$ 35419 425 5 own own JJ 35419 425 6 kind kind NN 35419 425 7 of of IN 35419 425 8 bark bark NN 35419 425 9 , , , 35419 425 10 and and CC 35419 425 11 the the DT 35419 425 12 bark bark NN 35419 425 13 of of IN 35419 425 14 some some DT 35419 425 15 is be VBZ 35419 425 16 so so RB 35419 425 17 characteristic characteristic JJ 35419 425 18 as as IN 35419 425 19 to to TO 35419 425 20 make make VB 35419 425 21 the the DT 35419 425 22 tree tree NN 35419 425 23 easily easily RB 35419 425 24 recognizable recognizable JJ 35419 425 25 . . . 35419 426 1 Bark Bark NNP 35419 426 2 may may MD 35419 426 3 be be VB 35419 426 4 classified classify VBN 35419 426 5 according accord VBG 35419 426 6 to to IN 35419 426 7 formation formation NN 35419 426 8 and and CC 35419 426 9 method method NN 35419 426 10 of of IN 35419 426 11 separation separation NN 35419 426 12 , , , 35419 426 13 as as IN 35419 426 14 scale scale NN 35419 426 15 bark bark NN 35419 426 16 , , , 35419 426 17 which which WDT 35419 426 18 detaches detach VBZ 35419 426 19 from from IN 35419 426 20 the the DT 35419 426 21 tree tree NN 35419 426 22 in in IN 35419 426 23 plates plate NNS 35419 426 24 , , , 35419 426 25 as as IN 35419 426 26 in in IN 35419 426 27 the the DT 35419 426 28 willows willow NNS 35419 426 29 ; ; : 35419 426 30 membraneous membraneous JJ 35419 426 31 bark bark NN 35419 426 32 , , , 35419 426 33 which which WDT 35419 426 34 comes come VBZ 35419 426 35 off off RP 35419 426 36 in in IN 35419 426 37 ribbons ribbon NNS 35419 426 38 and and CC 35419 426 39 films film NNS 35419 426 40 , , , 35419 426 41 as as IN 35419 426 42 in in IN 35419 426 43 the the DT 35419 426 44 birches birch NNS 35419 426 45 ; ; , 35419 426 46 fibrous fibrous JJ 35419 426 47 bark bark NN 35419 426 48 , , , 35419 426 49 which which WDT 35419 426 50 is be VBZ 35419 426 51 in in IN 35419 426 52 the the DT 35419 426 53 form form NN 35419 426 54 of of IN 35419 426 55 stiff stiff JJ 35419 426 56 threads thread NNS 35419 426 57 , , , 35419 426 58 as as IN 35419 426 59 in in IN 35419 426 60 the the DT 35419 426 61 grape grape NN 35419 426 62 vine vine NN 35419 426 63 ; ; , 35419 426 64 and and CC 35419 426 65 fissured fissured JJ 35419 426 66 bark bark NN 35419 426 67 , , , 35419 426 68 which which WDT 35419 426 69 breaks break VBZ 35419 426 70 up up RP 35419 426 71 in in IN 35419 426 72 longitudinal longitudinal JJ 35419 426 73 fissures fissure NNS 35419 426 74 , , , 35419 426 75 showing show VBG 35419 426 76 ridges ridge NNS 35419 426 77 , , , 35419 426 78 grooves groove NNS 35419 426 79 and and CC 35419 426 80 broad broad JJ 35419 426 81 , , , 35419 426 82 angular angular JJ 35419 426 83 patches patch NNS 35419 426 84 , , , 35419 426 85 as as IN 35419 426 86 in in IN 35419 426 87 oak oak NN 35419 426 88 , , , 35419 426 89 chestnut chestnut NN 35419 426 90 and and CC 35419 426 91 locust locust NN 35419 426 92 . . . 35419 427 1 The the DT 35419 427 2 last last JJ 35419 427 3 is be VBZ 35419 427 4 the the DT 35419 427 5 commonest common JJS 35419 427 6 form form NN 35419 427 7 of of IN 35419 427 8 bark bark NN 35419 427 9 . . . 35419 428 1 The the DT 35419 428 2 bark bark NN 35419 428 3 of of IN 35419 428 4 certain certain JJ 35419 428 5 kinds kind NNS 35419 428 6 of of IN 35419 428 7 trees tree NNS 35419 428 8 , , , 35419 428 9 as as IN 35419 428 10 cherry cherry NN 35419 428 11 and and CC 35419 428 12 birch birch NNP 35419 428 13 , , , 35419 428 14 has have VBZ 35419 428 15 peculiar peculiar JJ 35419 428 16 markings marking NNS 35419 428 17 which which WDT 35419 428 18 consist consist VBP 35419 428 19 of of IN 35419 428 20 oblong oblong JJ 35419 428 21 raised raise VBN 35419 428 22 spots spot NNS 35419 428 23 or or CC 35419 428 24 marks mark NNS 35419 428 25 , , , 35419 428 26 especially especially RB 35419 428 27 on on IN 35419 428 28 the the DT 35419 428 29 young young JJ 35419 428 30 branches branch NNS 35419 428 31 . . . 35419 429 1 These these DT 35419 429 2 are be VBP 35419 429 3 called call VBN 35419 429 4 lenticels lenticel NNS 35419 429 5 ( ( -LRB- 35419 429 6 Latin Latin NNP 35419 429 7 _ _ NNP 35419 429 8 lenticula lenticula NN 35419 429 9 _ _ NNP 35419 429 10 , , , 35419 429 11 freckle freckle NNP 35419 429 12 ) ) -RRB- 35419 429 13 , , , 35419 429 14 and and CC 35419 429 15 have have VBP 35419 429 16 two two CD 35419 429 17 purposes purpose NNS 35419 429 18 : : : 35419 429 19 they -PRON- PRP 35419 429 20 admit admit VBP 35419 429 21 air air NN 35419 429 22 to to IN 35419 429 23 the the DT 35419 429 24 internal internal JJ 35419 429 25 tissues tissue NNS 35419 429 26 , , , 35419 429 27 as as IN 35419 429 28 it -PRON- PRP 35419 429 29 were be VBD 35419 429 30 for for IN 35419 429 31 breathing breathing NN 35419 429 32 , , , 35419 429 33 and and CC 35419 429 34 they -PRON- PRP 35419 429 35 also also RB 35419 429 36 emit emit VBP 35419 429 37 water water NN 35419 429 38 vapor vapor NN 35419 429 39 . . . 35419 430 1 These these DT 35419 430 2 lenticels lenticel NNS 35419 430 3 are be VBP 35419 430 4 to to TO 35419 430 5 be be VB 35419 430 6 found find VBN 35419 430 7 on on IN 35419 430 8 all all DT 35419 430 9 trees tree NNS 35419 430 10 , , , 35419 430 11 even even RB 35419 430 12 where where WRB 35419 430 13 the the DT 35419 430 14 bark bark NN 35419 430 15 is be VBZ 35419 430 16 very very RB 35419 430 17 thick thick JJ 35419 430 18 , , , 35419 430 19 as as IN 35419 430 20 old old JJ 35419 430 21 oaks oak NNS 35419 430 22 and and CC 35419 430 23 chestnuts chestnut NNS 35419 430 24 , , , 35419 430 25 but but CC 35419 430 26 in in IN 35419 430 27 these these DT 35419 430 28 the the DT 35419 430 29 lenticels lenticel NNS 35419 430 30 are be VBP 35419 430 31 in in IN 35419 430 32 the the DT 35419 430 33 bottoms bottom NNS 35419 430 34 of of IN 35419 430 35 the the DT 35419 430 36 deep deep JJ 35419 430 37 cracks crack NNS 35419 430 38 . . . 35419 431 1 There there EX 35419 431 2 is be VBZ 35419 431 3 a a DT 35419 431 4 great great JJ 35419 431 5 difference difference NN 35419 431 6 in in IN 35419 431 7 the the DT 35419 431 8 inflammability inflammability NN 35419 431 9 of of IN 35419 431 10 bark bark NN 35419 431 11 , , , 35419 431 12 some some DT 35419 431 13 , , , 35419 431 14 like like IN 35419 431 15 that that DT 35419 431 16 of of IN 35419 431 17 the the DT 35419 431 18 big big JJ 35419 431 19 trees tree NNS 35419 431 20 of of IN 35419 431 21 California California NNP 35419 431 22 , , , 35419 431 23 Fig Fig NNP 35419 431 24 . . . 35419 432 1 54 54 CD 35419 432 2 , , , 35419 432 3 p. p. NN 35419 432 4 209 209 CD 35419 432 5 , , , 35419 432 6 which which WDT 35419 432 7 is be VBZ 35419 432 8 often often RB 35419 432 9 two two CD 35419 432 10 feet foot NNS 35419 432 11 thick thick JJ 35419 432 12 , , , 35419 432 13 being be VBG 35419 432 14 practically practically RB 35419 432 15 incombustible incombustible JJ 35419 432 16 , , , 35419 432 17 and and CC 35419 432 18 hence hence RB 35419 432 19 serving serve VBG 35419 432 20 to to TO 35419 432 21 protect protect VB 35419 432 22 the the DT 35419 432 23 tree tree NN 35419 432 24 ; ; : 35419 432 25 while while IN 35419 432 26 some some DT 35419 432 27 bark bark NN 35419 432 28 , , , 35419 432 29 as as IN 35419 432 30 canoe canoe NNP 35419 432 31 birch birch NNP 35419 432 32 , , , 35419 432 33 is be VBZ 35419 432 34 laden laden JJ 35419 432 35 with with IN 35419 432 36 an an DT 35419 432 37 oil oil NN 35419 432 38 which which WDT 35419 432 39 burns burn VBZ 35419 432 40 furiously furiously RB 35419 432 41 . . . 35419 433 1 It -PRON- PRP 35419 433 2 therefore therefore RB 35419 433 3 makes make VBZ 35419 433 4 admirable admirable JJ 35419 433 5 kindling kindling NN 35419 433 6 for for IN 35419 433 7 camp camp NN 35419 433 8 fires fire NNS 35419 433 9 , , , 35419 433 10 even even RB 35419 433 11 in in IN 35419 433 12 wet wet JJ 35419 433 13 weather weather NN 35419 433 14 . . . 35419 434 1 Inside inside IN 35419 434 2 the the DT 35419 434 3 cork cork NN 35419 434 4 is be VBZ 35419 434 5 the the DT 35419 434 6 " " `` 35419 434 7 phloem phloem JJ 35419 434 8 " " '' 35419 434 9 or or CC 35419 434 10 " " `` 35419 434 11 bast bast NN 35419 434 12 , , , 35419 434 13 " " '' 35419 434 14 which which WDT 35419 434 15 , , , 35419 434 16 by by IN 35419 434 17 the the DT 35419 434 18 way way NN 35419 434 19 , , , 35419 434 20 gives give VBZ 35419 434 21 its -PRON- PRP$ 35419 434 22 name name NN 35419 434 23 to to IN 35419 434 24 the the DT 35419 434 25 bass bass NN 35419 434 26 tree tree NN 35419 434 27 , , , 35419 434 28 the the DT 35419 434 29 inner inner JJ 35419 434 30 bark bark NN 35419 434 31 of of IN 35419 434 32 which which WDT 35419 434 33 is be VBZ 35419 434 34 very very RB 35419 434 35 tough tough JJ 35419 434 36 and and CC 35419 434 37 fibrous fibrous JJ 35419 434 38 and and CC 35419 434 39 therefore therefore RB 35419 434 40 used use VBN 35419 434 41 for for IN 35419 434 42 mat mat NN 35419 434 43 and and CC 35419 434 44 rope rope NN 35419 434 45 making make VBG 35419 434 46 . . . 35419 435 1 In in IN 35419 435 2 a a DT 35419 435 3 living living NN 35419 435 4 tree tree NN 35419 435 5 , , , 35419 435 6 the the DT 35419 435 7 bast bast JJS 35419 435 8 fibers fiber NNS 35419 435 9 serve serve VBP 35419 435 10 to to TO 35419 435 11 conduct conduct VB 35419 435 12 the the DT 35419 435 13 nourishment nourishment NN 35419 435 14 which which WDT 35419 435 15 has have VBZ 35419 435 16 been be VBN 35419 435 17 made make VBN 35419 435 18 in in IN 35419 435 19 the the DT 35419 435 20 leaves leave NNS 35419 435 21 down down RP 35419 435 22 thru thru IN 35419 435 23 the the DT 35419 435 24 stem stem NN 35419 435 25 to to IN 35419 435 26 the the DT 35419 435 27 growing grow VBG 35419 435 28 parts part NNS 35419 435 29 . . . 35419 436 1 ( ( -LRB- 35419 436 2 2 2 LS 35419 436 3 ) ) -RRB- 35419 436 4 The the DT 35419 436 5 _ _ NNP 35419 436 6 cambium cambium NN 35419 436 7 _ _ NNP 35419 436 8 . . . 35419 437 1 Inside inside IN 35419 437 2 of of IN 35419 437 3 the the DT 35419 437 4 rind rind NN 35419 437 5 and and CC 35419 437 6 between between IN 35419 437 7 it -PRON- PRP 35419 437 8 and and CC 35419 437 9 the the DT 35419 437 10 wood wood NN 35419 437 11 , , , 35419 437 12 there there EX 35419 437 13 is be VBZ 35419 437 14 , , , 35419 437 15 on on IN 35419 437 16 living living NN 35419 437 17 trees tree NNS 35419 437 18 , , , 35419 437 19 a a DT 35419 437 20 slimy slimy JJ 35419 437 21 coat coat NN 35419 437 22 called call VBN 35419 437 23 cambium cambium NN 35419 437 24 ( ( -LRB- 35419 437 25 Med Med NNP 35419 437 26 . . . 35419 438 1 Latin latin JJ 35419 438 2 , , , 35419 438 3 exchange exchange NN 35419 438 4 ) ) -RRB- 35419 438 5 . . . 35419 439 1 This this DT 35419 439 2 is be VBZ 35419 439 3 the the DT 35419 439 4 living living NN 35419 439 5 , , , 35419 439 6 growing grow VBG 35419 439 7 part part NN 35419 439 8 of of IN 35419 439 9 the the DT 35419 439 10 stem stem NN 35419 439 11 , , , 35419 439 12 familiar familiar JJ 35419 439 13 to to IN 35419 439 14 all all DT 35419 439 15 who who WP 35419 439 16 have have VBP 35419 439 17 peeled peel VBN 35419 439 18 it -PRON- PRP 35419 439 19 as as IN 35419 439 20 the the DT 35419 439 21 sticky sticky JJ 35419 439 22 , , , 35419 439 23 slimy slimy JJ 35419 439 24 coat coat NN 35419 439 25 between between IN 35419 439 26 the the DT 35419 439 27 bark bark NN 35419 439 28 and and CC 35419 439 29 the the DT 35419 439 30 wood wood NN 35419 439 31 of of IN 35419 439 32 a a DT 35419 439 33 twig twig NN 35419 439 34 . . . 35419 440 1 This this DT 35419 440 2 is be VBZ 35419 440 3 what what WP 35419 440 4 constitutes constitute VBZ 35419 440 5 the the DT 35419 440 6 fragrant fragrant JJ 35419 440 7 , , , 35419 440 8 mucilaginous mucilaginous JJ 35419 440 9 inner inner JJ 35419 440 10 part part NN 35419 440 11 of of IN 35419 440 12 the the DT 35419 440 13 bark bark NN 35419 440 14 of of IN 35419 440 15 slippery slippery JJ 35419 440 16 elm elm NN 35419 440 17 . . . 35419 441 1 Cambium cambium NN 35419 441 2 is be VBZ 35419 441 3 a a DT 35419 441 4 tissue tissue NN 35419 441 5 of of IN 35419 441 6 young young JJ 35419 441 7 and and CC 35419 441 8 growing grow VBG 35419 441 9 cells cell NNS 35419 441 10 , , , 35419 441 11 in in IN 35419 441 12 which which WDT 35419 441 13 the the DT 35419 441 14 new new JJ 35419 441 15 cells cell NNS 35419 441 16 are be VBP 35419 441 17 formed form VBN 35419 441 18 , , , 35419 441 19 the the DT 35419 441 20 inner inner JJ 35419 441 21 ones one NNS 35419 441 22 forming form VBG 35419 441 23 the the DT 35419 441 24 wood wood NN 35419 441 25 and and CC 35419 441 26 the the DT 35419 441 27 outer outer JJ 35419 441 28 ones one NNS 35419 441 29 the the DT 35419 441 30 bark bark NN 35419 441 31 . . . 35419 442 1 In in IN 35419 442 2 order order NN 35419 442 3 to to TO 35419 442 4 understand understand VB 35419 442 5 the the DT 35419 442 6 cambium cambium NN 35419 442 7 and and CC 35419 442 8 its -PRON- PRP$ 35419 442 9 function function NN 35419 442 10 , , , 35419 442 11 consider consider VB 35419 442 12 its -PRON- PRP$ 35419 442 13 appearance appearance NN 35419 442 14 in in IN 35419 442 15 a a DT 35419 442 16 bud bud NN 35419 442 17 , , , 35419 442 18 Fig Fig NNP 35419 442 19 . . . 35419 443 1 5 5 CD 35419 443 2 . . . 35419 444 1 A a DT 35419 444 2 cross cross JJ 35419 444 3 - - NN 35419 444 4 section section NN 35419 444 5 of of IN 35419 444 6 the the DT 35419 444 7 bud bud NN 35419 444 8 of of IN 35419 444 9 a a DT 35419 444 10 growing grow VBG 35419 444 11 stem stem NN 35419 444 12 examined examine VBN 35419 444 13 under under IN 35419 444 14 the the DT 35419 444 15 microscope microscope NN 35419 444 16 , , , 35419 444 17 looks look VBZ 35419 444 18 like like IN 35419 444 19 a a DT 35419 444 20 delicate delicate JJ 35419 444 21 mesh mesh NN 35419 444 22 of of IN 35419 444 23 thin thin JJ 35419 444 24 membrane membrane NN 35419 444 25 , , , 35419 444 26 filled fill VBN 35419 444 27 in in RP 35419 444 28 with with IN 35419 444 29 a a DT 35419 444 30 viscid viscid JJ 35419 444 31 semi semi JJ 35419 444 32 - - JJ 35419 444 33 fluid fluid JJ 35419 444 34 substance substance NN 35419 444 35 which which WDT 35419 444 36 is be VBZ 35419 444 37 called call VBN 35419 444 38 " " `` 35419 444 39 protoplasm protoplasm NN 35419 444 40 " " '' 35419 444 41 ( ( -LRB- 35419 444 42 Greek Greek NNP 35419 444 43 , , , 35419 444 44 _ _ NNP 35419 444 45 protos protos NNP 35419 444 46 _ _ NNP 35419 444 47 , , , 35419 444 48 first first RB 35419 444 49 ; ; : 35419 444 50 _ _ NNP 35419 444 51 plasma plasma NNP 35419 444 52 _ _ NNP 35419 444 53 , , , 35419 444 54 form form NN 35419 444 55 ) ) -RRB- 35419 444 56 . . . 35419 445 1 These these DT 35419 445 2 meshes mesh NNS 35419 445 3 were be VBD 35419 445 4 first first RB 35419 445 5 called call VBN 35419 445 6 " " `` 35419 445 7 cells cell NNS 35419 445 8 " " '' 35419 445 9 by by IN 35419 445 10 Robert Robert NNP 35419 445 11 Hooke Hooke NNP 35419 445 12 , , , 35419 445 13 in in IN 35419 445 14 1667 1667 CD 35419 445 15 , , , 35419 445 16 because because IN 35419 445 17 of of IN 35419 445 18 their -PRON- PRP$ 35419 445 19 resemblance resemblance NN 35419 445 20 to to IN 35419 445 21 the the DT 35419 445 22 chambers chamber NNS 35419 445 23 of of IN 35419 445 24 a a DT 35419 445 25 honeycomb honeycomb NN 35419 445 26 . . . 35419 446 1 The the DT 35419 446 2 walls wall NNS 35419 446 3 of of IN 35419 446 4 these these DT 35419 446 5 " " `` 35419 446 6 cells cell NNS 35419 446 7 " " '' 35419 446 8 are be VBP 35419 446 9 their -PRON- PRP$ 35419 446 10 most most RBS 35419 446 11 prominent prominent JJ 35419 446 12 feature feature NN 35419 446 13 and and CC 35419 446 14 , , , 35419 446 15 when when WRB 35419 446 16 first first RB 35419 446 17 studied study VBN 35419 446 18 , , , 35419 446 19 were be VBD 35419 446 20 supposed suppose VBN 35419 446 21 to to TO 35419 446 22 be be VB 35419 446 23 the the DT 35419 446 24 essential essential JJ 35419 446 25 part part NN 35419 446 26 ; ; : 35419 446 27 but but CC 35419 446 28 later later RB 35419 446 29 the the DT 35419 446 30 slimy slimy NN 35419 446 31 , , , 35419 446 32 colorless colorless JJ 35419 446 33 substance substance NN 35419 446 34 which which WDT 35419 446 35 filled fill VBD 35419 446 36 the the DT 35419 446 37 cells cell NNS 35419 446 38 was be VBD 35419 446 39 found find VBN 35419 446 40 to to TO 35419 446 41 be be VB 35419 446 42 the the DT 35419 446 43 essential essential JJ 35419 446 44 part part NN 35419 446 45 . . . 35419 447 1 This this DT 35419 447 2 slimy slimy JJ 35419 447 3 substance substance NN 35419 447 4 , , , 35419 447 5 called call VBN 35419 447 6 protoplasm protoplasm NN 35419 447 7 , , , 35419 447 8 constitutes constitute VBZ 35419 447 9 the the DT 35419 447 10 primal primal JJ 35419 447 11 stuff stuff NN 35419 447 12 of of IN 35419 447 13 all all DT 35419 447 14 living live VBG 35419 447 15 things thing NNS 35419 447 16 . . . 35419 448 1 The the DT 35419 448 2 cell cell NN 35419 448 3 walls wall NNS 35419 448 4 themselves -PRON- PRP 35419 448 5 are be VBP 35419 448 6 formed form VBN 35419 448 7 from from IN 35419 448 8 it -PRON- PRP 35419 448 9 . . . 35419 449 1 These these DT 35419 449 2 young young JJ 35419 449 3 cells cell NNS 35419 449 4 , , , 35419 449 5 at at IN 35419 449 6 the the DT 35419 449 7 apex apex NN 35419 449 8 of of IN 35419 449 9 a a DT 35419 449 10 stem stem NN 35419 449 11 , , , 35419 449 12 are be VBP 35419 449 13 all all RB 35419 449 14 alike alike RB 35419 449 15 , , , 35419 449 16 very very RB 35419 449 17 small small JJ 35419 449 18 , , , 35419 449 19 filled fill VBN 35419 449 20 with with IN 35419 449 21 protoplasm protoplasm NN 35419 449 22 , , , 35419 449 23 and and CC 35419 449 24 as as RB 35419 449 25 yet yet RB 35419 449 26 , , , 35419 449 27 unaltered unaltered JJ 35419 449 28 . . . 35419 450 1 They -PRON- PRP 35419 450 2 form form VBP 35419 450 3 embryonic embryonic JJ 35419 450 4 tissue tissue NN 35419 450 5 , , , 35419 450 6 _ _ NNP 35419 450 7 i.e. i.e. FW 35419 450 8 _ _ NNP 35419 450 9 one one CD 35419 450 10 which which WDT 35419 450 11 will will MD 35419 450 12 change change VB 35419 450 13 . . . 35419 451 1 One one CD 35419 451 2 change change NN 35419 451 3 to to TO 35419 451 4 which which WDT 35419 451 5 an an DT 35419 451 6 cell cell NN 35419 451 7 filled fill VBN 35419 451 8 with with IN 35419 451 9 protoplasm protoplasm NN 35419 451 10 is be VBZ 35419 451 11 liable liable JJ 35419 451 12 is be VBZ 35419 451 13 division division NN 35419 451 14 into into IN 35419 451 15 two two CD 35419 451 16 , , , 35419 451 17 a a DT 35419 451 18 new new JJ 35419 451 19 partition partition NN 35419 451 20 wall wall NN 35419 451 21 forming form VBG 35419 451 22 within within IN 35419 451 23 it -PRON- PRP 35419 451 24 . . . 35419 452 1 This this DT 35419 452 2 is be VBZ 35419 452 3 the the DT 35419 452 4 way way NN 35419 452 5 plant plant NN 35419 452 6 cells cell NNS 35419 452 7 increase increase VBP 35419 452 8 . . . 35419 453 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 453 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 453 3 : : : 35419 453 4 Fig Fig NNP 35419 453 5 . . . 35419 454 1 5 5 CD 35419 454 2 . . . 35419 455 1 Young Young NNP 35419 455 2 Stem Stem NNP 35419 455 3 , , , 35419 455 4 Magnified Magnified NNP 35419 455 5 18 18 CD 35419 455 6 - - HYPH 35419 455 7 1/2 1/2 CD 35419 455 8 Diameters Diameters NNPS 35419 455 9 , , , 35419 455 10 Showing show VBG 35419 455 11 Primary Primary NNP 35419 455 12 and and CC 35419 455 13 Secondary Secondary NNP 35419 455 14 Bundles Bundles NNPS 35419 455 15 . . . 35419 456 1 _ _ NNP 35419 456 2 By by IN 35419 456 3 Courtesy Courtesy NNP 35419 456 4 of of IN 35419 456 5 Mrs. Mrs. NNP 35419 456 6 Katharine Katharine NNP 35419 456 7 Golden Golden NNP 35419 456 8 Bitting Bitting NNP 35419 456 9 . . . 35419 456 10 _ _ NNP 35419 456 11 E E NNP 35419 456 12 , , , 35419 456 13 epidermis epidermis NNP 35419 456 14 , , , 35419 456 15 the the DT 35419 456 16 single single JJ 35419 456 17 outside outside JJ 35419 456 18 layer layer NN 35419 456 19 of of IN 35419 456 20 cells cell NNS 35419 456 21 . . . 35419 457 1 C C NNP 35419 457 2 , , , 35419 457 3 cortex cortex NNP 35419 457 4 , , , 35419 457 5 the the DT 35419 457 6 region region NN 35419 457 7 outside outside IN 35419 457 8 of of IN 35419 457 9 the the DT 35419 457 10 bundles bundle NNS 35419 457 11 . . . 35419 458 1 HB HB NNP 35419 458 2 , , , 35419 458 3 hard hard JJ 35419 458 4 bast bast NN 35419 458 5 , , , 35419 458 6 the the DT 35419 458 7 black black JJ 35419 458 8 , , , 35419 458 9 irregular irregular JJ 35419 458 10 ring ring NN 35419 458 11 protecting protect VBG 35419 458 12 the the DT 35419 458 13 soft soft JJ 35419 458 14 bast bast NN 35419 458 15 . . . 35419 459 1 SB SB NNP 35419 459 2 , , , 35419 459 3 soft soft JJ 35419 459 4 bast bast NN 35419 459 5 , , , 35419 459 6 the the DT 35419 459 7 light light NN 35419 459 8 , , , 35419 459 9 crescent crescent NN 35419 459 10 - - HYPH 35419 459 11 shaped shape VBN 35419 459 12 parts part NNS 35419 459 13 . . . 35419 460 1 Ca ca NN 35419 460 2 , , , 35419 460 3 cambium cambium NN 35419 460 4 , , , 35419 460 5 the the DT 35419 460 6 line line NN 35419 460 7 between between IN 35419 460 8 the the DT 35419 460 9 soft soft JJ 35419 460 10 bast bast NN 35419 460 11 and and CC 35419 460 12 the the DT 35419 460 13 wood wood NN 35419 460 14 . . . 35419 461 1 W w NN 35419 461 2 , , , 35419 461 3 wood wood NN 35419 461 4 , , , 35419 461 5 segments segment NNS 35419 461 6 showing show VBG 35419 461 7 pores pore NNS 35419 461 8 . . . 35419 462 1 MR MR NNP 35419 462 2 , , , 35419 462 3 medullary medullary JJ 35419 462 4 rays ray NNS 35419 462 5 , , , 35419 462 6 lines line NNS 35419 462 7 between between IN 35419 462 8 the the DT 35419 462 9 bundles bundle NNS 35419 462 10 connecting connect VBG 35419 462 11 the the DT 35419 462 12 pith pith NNP 35419 462 13 and and CC 35419 462 14 the the DT 35419 462 15 cortex cortex NN 35419 462 16 . . . 35419 463 1 MS MS NNP 35419 463 2 , , , 35419 463 3 medullary medullary NN 35419 463 4 sheath sheath NN 35419 463 5 , , , 35419 463 6 the the DT 35419 463 7 dark dark JJ 35419 463 8 , , , 35419 463 9 irregular irregular JJ 35419 463 10 ring ring NN 35419 463 11 just just RB 35419 463 12 inside inside IN 35419 463 13 the the DT 35419 463 14 bundles bundle NNS 35419 463 15 . . . 35419 464 1 P p NN 35419 464 2 , , , 35419 464 3 pith pith NNP 35419 464 4 , , , 35419 464 5 the the DT 35419 464 6 central central JJ 35419 464 7 mass mass NN 35419 464 8 of of IN 35419 464 9 cells cell NNS 35419 464 10 . . . 35419 464 11 ] ] -RRB- 35419 465 1 In in IN 35419 465 2 young young JJ 35419 465 3 plant plant NN 35419 465 4 cells cell NNS 35419 465 5 , , , 35419 465 6 the the DT 35419 465 7 whole whole JJ 35419 465 8 cavity cavity NN 35419 465 9 of of IN 35419 465 10 the the DT 35419 465 11 chamber chamber NN 35419 465 12 is be VBZ 35419 465 13 filled fill VBN 35419 465 14 with with IN 35419 465 15 protoplasm protoplasm NN 35419 465 16 , , , 35419 465 17 but but CC 35419 465 18 as as IN 35419 465 19 the the DT 35419 465 20 cells cell NNS 35419 465 21 grow grow VBP 35419 465 22 older old JJR 35419 465 23 and and CC 35419 465 24 larger large JJR 35419 465 25 , , , 35419 465 26 the the DT 35419 465 27 protoplasm protoplasm NN 35419 465 28 develops develop VBZ 35419 465 29 into into IN 35419 465 30 different different JJ 35419 465 31 parts part NNS 35419 465 32 , , , 35419 465 33 one one CD 35419 465 34 part part NN 35419 465 35 forming form VBG 35419 465 36 the the DT 35419 465 37 cell cell NN 35419 465 38 wall wall NN 35419 465 39 and and CC 35419 465 40 in in IN 35419 465 41 many many JJ 35419 465 42 cases case NNS 35419 465 43 leaving leave VBG 35419 465 44 cavities cavity NNS 35419 465 45 within within IN 35419 465 46 the the DT 35419 465 47 cell cell NN 35419 465 48 , , , 35419 465 49 which which WDT 35419 465 50 become become VBP 35419 465 51 filled fill VBN 35419 465 52 with with IN 35419 465 53 sap sap NN 35419 465 54 . . . 35419 466 1 The the DT 35419 466 2 substance substance NN 35419 466 3 of of IN 35419 466 4 the the DT 35419 466 5 cell cell NN 35419 466 6 wall wall NN 35419 466 7 is be VBZ 35419 466 8 called call VBN 35419 466 9 cellulose cellulose NNP 35419 466 10 ( ( -LRB- 35419 466 11 cotton cotton NN 35419 466 12 and and CC 35419 466 13 flax flax NN 35419 466 14 fibers fiber NNS 35419 466 15 consist consist VBP 35419 466 16 of of IN 35419 466 17 almost almost RB 35419 466 18 pure pure JJ 35419 466 19 cellulose cellulose NN 35419 466 20 ) ) -RRB- 35419 466 21 . . . 35419 467 1 At at IN 35419 467 2 first first RB 35419 467 3 it -PRON- PRP 35419 467 4 has have VBZ 35419 467 5 no no DT 35419 467 6 definite definite JJ 35419 467 7 structure structure NN 35419 467 8 , , , 35419 467 9 but but CC 35419 467 10 as as IN 35419 467 11 growth growth NN 35419 467 12 goes go VBZ 35419 467 13 on on RP 35419 467 14 , , , 35419 467 15 it -PRON- PRP 35419 467 16 may may MD 35419 467 17 become become VB 35419 467 18 thickened thicken VBN 35419 467 19 in in IN 35419 467 20 layers layer NNS 35419 467 21 , , , 35419 467 22 or or CC 35419 467 23 gummy gummy JJ 35419 467 24 , , , 35419 467 25 or or CC 35419 467 26 hardened harden VBN 35419 467 27 into into IN 35419 467 28 lignin lignin NNP 35419 467 29 ( ( -LRB- 35419 467 30 wood wood NN 35419 467 31 ) ) -RRB- 35419 467 32 , , , 35419 467 33 according accord VBG 35419 467 34 to to IN 35419 467 35 the the DT 35419 467 36 function function NN 35419 467 37 to to TO 35419 467 38 be be VB 35419 467 39 performed perform VBN 35419 467 40 . . . 35419 468 1 Where where WRB 35419 468 2 there there EX 35419 468 3 are be VBP 35419 468 4 a a DT 35419 468 5 group group NN 35419 468 6 of of IN 35419 468 7 similar similar JJ 35419 468 8 cells cell NNS 35419 468 9 performing perform VBG 35419 468 10 the the DT 35419 468 11 same same JJ 35419 468 12 functions function NNS 35419 468 13 , , , 35419 468 14 the the DT 35419 468 15 group group NN 35419 468 16 is be VBZ 35419 468 17 called call VBN 35419 468 18 a a DT 35419 468 19 tissue tissue NN 35419 468 20 or or CC 35419 468 21 , , , 35419 468 22 if if IN 35419 468 23 large large JJ 35419 468 24 enough enough RB 35419 468 25 , , , 35419 468 26 a a DT 35419 468 27 tissue tissue NN 35419 468 28 system system NN 35419 468 29 . . . 35419 469 1 When when WRB 35419 469 2 cells cell NNS 35419 469 3 are be VBP 35419 469 4 changed change VBN 35419 469 5 into into IN 35419 469 6 new new JJ 35419 469 7 forms form NNS 35419 469 8 , , , 35419 469 9 or or CC 35419 469 10 " " `` 35419 469 11 differentiated differentiate VBN 35419 469 12 , , , 35419 469 13 " " '' 35419 469 14 as as IN 35419 469 15 it -PRON- PRP 35419 469 16 is be VBZ 35419 469 17 called call VBN 35419 469 18 , , , 35419 469 19 they -PRON- PRP 35419 469 20 become become VBP 35419 469 21 permanent permanent JJ 35419 469 22 tissues tissue NNS 35419 469 23 . . . 35419 470 1 These these DT 35419 470 2 permanent permanent JJ 35419 470 3 tissues tissue NNS 35419 470 4 of of IN 35419 470 5 the the DT 35419 470 6 tree tree NN 35419 470 7 trunk trunk NN 35419 470 8 constitute constitute VBP 35419 470 9 the the DT 35419 470 10 various various JJ 35419 470 11 parts part NNS 35419 470 12 which which WDT 35419 470 13 we -PRON- PRP 35419 470 14 have have VBP 35419 470 15 noticed notice VBN 35419 470 16 , , , 35419 470 17 viz viz NNP 35419 470 18 . . NNP 35419 470 19 , , , 35419 470 20 the the DT 35419 470 21 rind rind NN 35419 470 22 , , , 35419 470 23 the the DT 35419 470 24 pith pith NNP 35419 470 25 and and CC 35419 470 26 the the DT 35419 470 27 wood wood NN 35419 470 28 . . . 35419 471 1 The the DT 35419 471 2 essentially essentially RB 35419 471 3 living live VBG 35419 471 4 part part NN 35419 471 5 of of IN 35419 471 6 the the DT 35419 471 7 tree tree NN 35419 471 8 , , , 35419 471 9 it -PRON- PRP 35419 471 10 should should MD 35419 471 11 be be VB 35419 471 12 remembered remember VBN 35419 471 13 , , , 35419 471 14 is be VBZ 35419 471 15 the the DT 35419 471 16 protoplasm protoplasm NN 35419 471 17 : : : 35419 471 18 where where WRB 35419 471 19 there there EX 35419 471 20 is be VBZ 35419 471 21 protoplasm protoplasm NN 35419 471 22 , , , 35419 471 23 there there EX 35419 471 24 is be VBZ 35419 471 25 life life NN 35419 471 26 and and CC 35419 471 27 growth growth NN 35419 471 28 . . . 35419 472 1 In in IN 35419 472 2 the the DT 35419 472 3 stems stem NNS 35419 472 4 of of IN 35419 472 5 the the DT 35419 472 6 conifers conifer NNS 35419 472 7 and and CC 35419 472 8 broad broad RB 35419 472 9 - - HYPH 35419 472 10 leaved leave VBN 35419 472 11 trees tree NNS 35419 472 12 -- -- : 35419 472 13 sometimes sometimes RB 35419 472 14 together together RB 35419 472 15 called call VBN 35419 472 16 exogens exogen NNS 35419 472 17 -- -- : 35419 472 18 this this DT 35419 472 19 protoplasm protoplasm NN 35419 472 20 is be VBZ 35419 472 21 to to TO 35419 472 22 be be VB 35419 472 23 found find VBN 35419 472 24 in in IN 35419 472 25 the the DT 35419 472 26 buds bud NNS 35419 472 27 and and CC 35419 472 28 in in IN 35419 472 29 the the DT 35419 472 30 cambium cambium NN 35419 472 31 sheath sheath NN 35419 472 32 , , , 35419 472 33 and and CC 35419 472 34 these these DT 35419 472 35 are be VBP 35419 472 36 the the DT 35419 472 37 growing grow VBG 35419 472 38 parts part NNS 35419 472 39 of of IN 35419 472 40 the the DT 35419 472 41 tree tree NN 35419 472 42 . . . 35419 473 1 If if IN 35419 473 2 we -PRON- PRP 35419 473 3 followed follow VBD 35419 473 4 up up RP 35419 473 5 the the DT 35419 473 6 sheath sheath NN 35419 473 7 of of IN 35419 473 8 cambium cambium NN 35419 473 9 which which WDT 35419 473 10 envelopes envelop VBZ 35419 473 11 a a DT 35419 473 12 stem stem NN 35419 473 13 , , , 35419 473 14 into into IN 35419 473 15 a a DT 35419 473 16 terminal terminal JJ 35419 473 17 bud bud NN 35419 473 18 , , , 35419 473 19 we -PRON- PRP 35419 473 20 should should MD 35419 473 21 find find VB 35419 473 22 that that IN 35419 473 23 it -PRON- PRP 35419 473 24 passed pass VBD 35419 473 25 without without IN 35419 473 26 break break NN 35419 473 27 into into IN 35419 473 28 the the DT 35419 473 29 protoplasm protoplasm NN 35419 473 30 of of IN 35419 473 31 the the DT 35419 473 32 bud bud NN 35419 473 33 . . . 35419 474 1 In in IN 35419 474 2 the the DT 35419 474 3 cross cross JJ 35419 474 4 - - NN 35419 474 5 section section NN 35419 474 6 of of IN 35419 474 7 a a DT 35419 474 8 young young JJ 35419 474 9 shoot shoot NN 35419 474 10 , , , 35419 474 11 we -PRON- PRP 35419 474 12 might may MD 35419 474 13 see see VB 35419 474 14 around around IN 35419 474 15 the the DT 35419 474 16 central central JJ 35419 474 17 pith pith NNP 35419 474 18 or or CC 35419 474 19 medulla medulla NNP 35419 474 20 , , , 35419 474 21 a a DT 35419 474 22 ring ring NN 35419 474 23 of of IN 35419 474 24 wedge wedge NN 35419 474 25 - - HYPH 35419 474 26 shaped shape VBN 35419 474 27 patches patch NNS 35419 474 28 . . . 35419 475 1 These these DT 35419 475 2 are be VBP 35419 475 3 really really RB 35419 475 4 bundles bundle NNS 35419 475 5 of of IN 35419 475 6 cells cell NNS 35419 475 7 running run VBG 35419 475 8 longitudinally longitudinally RB 35419 475 9 from from IN 35419 475 10 the the DT 35419 475 11 rudiments rudiment NNS 35419 475 12 of of IN 35419 475 13 leaves leave NNS 35419 475 14 thru thru IN 35419 475 15 the the DT 35419 475 16 stem stem NN 35419 475 17 to to IN 35419 475 18 the the DT 35419 475 19 roots root NNS 35419 475 20 . . . 35419 476 1 They -PRON- PRP 35419 476 2 are be VBP 35419 476 3 made make VBN 35419 476 4 of of IN 35419 476 5 protoplasm protoplasm NN 35419 476 6 and and CC 35419 476 7 are be VBP 35419 476 8 called call VBN 35419 476 9 the the DT 35419 476 10 " " `` 35419 476 11 procambium procambium NN 35419 476 12 strands strand NNS 35419 476 13 , , , 35419 476 14 " " `` 35419 476 15 Fig fig NN 35419 476 16 . . . 35419 477 1 6 6 CD 35419 477 2 . . . 35419 478 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 478 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 478 3 : : : 35419 478 4 Fig Fig NNP 35419 478 5 . . . 35419 479 1 6 6 CD 35419 479 2 . . . 35419 480 1 Three three CD 35419 480 2 Stages stage NNS 35419 480 3 in in IN 35419 480 4 the the DT 35419 480 5 Development Development NNP 35419 480 6 of of IN 35419 480 7 an an DT 35419 480 8 Exogenous exogenous JJ 35419 480 9 Stem Stem NNP 35419 480 10 . . . 35419 481 1 P p NN 35419 481 2 , , , 35419 481 3 pith pith NN 35419 481 4 ; ; : 35419 481 5 PB PB NNP 35419 481 6 , , , 35419 481 7 primary primary JJ 35419 481 8 bast bast NN 35419 481 9 ; ; : 35419 481 10 SB SB NNP 35419 481 11 , , , 35419 481 12 secondary secondary JJ 35419 481 13 bast bast NN 35419 481 14 ; ; : 35419 481 15 C c NN 35419 481 16 , , , 35419 481 17 cambium cambium NN 35419 481 18 ; ; , 35419 481 19 PR PR NNP 35419 481 20 , , , 35419 481 21 pith pith NNP 35419 481 22 ray ray NN 35419 481 23 ; ; : 35419 481 24 PW pw NN 35419 481 25 , , , 35419 481 26 primary primary JJ 35419 481 27 wood wood NN 35419 481 28 ; ; : 35419 481 29 SW SW NNP 35419 481 30 , , , 35419 481 31 secondary secondary JJ 35419 481 32 wood wood NN 35419 481 33 ; ; : 35419 481 34 PS PS NNP 35419 481 35 , , , 35419 481 36 procambium procambium NN 35419 481 37 strands strand NNS 35419 481 38 . . . 35419 482 1 _ _ XX 35419 482 2 After after IN 35419 482 3 Boulger Boulger NNP 35419 482 4 . . . 35419 482 5 _ _ NNP 35419 482 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 482 7 In in IN 35419 482 8 the the DT 35419 482 9 monocotyledons monocotyledon NNS 35419 482 10 ( ( -LRB- 35419 482 11 endogens endogen NNS 35419 482 12 ) ) -RRB- 35419 482 13 these these DT 35419 482 14 procambium procambium NN 35419 482 15 strands strand NNS 35419 482 16 change change VBP 35419 482 17 completely completely RB 35419 482 18 into into IN 35419 482 19 wood wood NN 35419 482 20 and and CC 35419 482 21 bast bast NN 35419 482 22 , , , 35419 482 23 and and CC 35419 482 24 so so RB 35419 482 25 losing lose VBG 35419 482 26 all all PDT 35419 482 27 their -PRON- PRP$ 35419 482 28 protoplasmic protoplasmic JJ 35419 482 29 cambium cambium NN 35419 482 30 , , , 35419 482 31 become become VBN 35419 482 32 incapable incapable JJ 35419 482 33 of of IN 35419 482 34 further further JJ 35419 482 35 growth growth NN 35419 482 36 . . . 35419 483 1 This this DT 35419 483 2 is be VBZ 35419 483 3 why why WRB 35419 483 4 palms palm NNS 35419 483 5 can can MD 35419 483 6 grow grow VB 35419 483 7 only only RB 35419 483 8 lengthwise lengthwise RB 35419 483 9 , , , 35419 483 10 or or CC 35419 483 11 else else RB 35419 483 12 by by IN 35419 483 13 forming form VBG 35419 483 14 new new JJ 35419 483 15 fibers fiber NNS 35419 483 16 more more RBR 35419 483 17 densely densely RB 35419 483 18 in in IN 35419 483 19 the the DT 35419 483 20 central central JJ 35419 483 21 mass mass NN 35419 483 22 . . . 35419 484 1 But but CC 35419 484 2 in in IN 35419 484 3 the the DT 35419 484 4 conifers conifer NNS 35419 484 5 and and CC 35419 484 6 broad broad RB 35419 484 7 - - HYPH 35419 484 8 leaved leave VBN 35419 484 9 trees tree NNS 35419 484 10 , , , 35419 484 11 the the DT 35419 484 12 inner inner JJ 35419 484 13 part part NN 35419 484 14 of of IN 35419 484 15 each each DT 35419 484 16 strand strand NN 35419 484 17 becomes become VBZ 35419 484 18 wood wood NN 35419 484 19 and and CC 35419 484 20 the the DT 35419 484 21 outer outer JJ 35419 484 22 part part NN 35419 484 23 bast bast . 35419 484 24 ( ( -LRB- 35419 484 25 bark bark NN 35419 484 26 ) ) -RRB- 35419 484 27 . . . 35419 485 1 Between between IN 35419 485 2 these these DT 35419 485 3 bundles bundle NNS 35419 485 4 , , , 35419 485 5 connecting connect VBG 35419 485 6 the the DT 35419 485 7 pith pith NNP 35419 485 8 in in IN 35419 485 9 the the DT 35419 485 10 center center NN 35419 485 11 with with IN 35419 485 12 the the DT 35419 485 13 cortex cortex NN 35419 485 14 on on IN 35419 485 15 the the DT 35419 485 16 outside outside NN 35419 485 17 of of IN 35419 485 18 the the DT 35419 485 19 ring ring NN 35419 485 20 of of IN 35419 485 21 bundles bundle NNS 35419 485 22 , , , 35419 485 23 are be VBP 35419 485 24 parts part NNS 35419 485 25 of of IN 35419 485 26 the the DT 35419 485 27 original original JJ 35419 485 28 pith pith JJ 35419 485 29 tissue tissue NN 35419 485 30 of of IN 35419 485 31 the the DT 35419 485 32 stem stem NN 35419 485 33 . . . 35419 486 1 They -PRON- PRP 35419 486 2 are be VBP 35419 486 3 the the DT 35419 486 4 primary primary JJ 35419 486 5 pith pith NN 35419 486 6 or or CC 35419 486 7 medullary medullary JJ 35419 486 8 rays ray NNS 35419 486 9 ( ( -LRB- 35419 486 10 Latin Latin NNP 35419 486 11 , , , 35419 486 12 _ _ NNP 35419 486 13 medulla medulla NNP 35419 486 14 _ _ NNP 35419 486 15 , , , 35419 486 16 pith pith NNP 35419 486 17 ) ) -RRB- 35419 486 18 . . . 35419 487 1 The the DT 35419 487 2 number number NN 35419 487 3 of of IN 35419 487 4 medullary medullary JJ 35419 487 5 rays ray NNS 35419 487 6 depends depend VBZ 35419 487 7 upon upon IN 35419 487 8 the the DT 35419 487 9 number number NN 35419 487 10 of of IN 35419 487 11 the the DT 35419 487 12 bundles bundle NNS 35419 487 13 ; ; : 35419 487 14 and and CC 35419 487 15 their -PRON- PRP$ 35419 487 16 form form NN 35419 487 17 , , , 35419 487 18 on on IN 35419 487 19 the the DT 35419 487 20 width width NN 35419 487 21 of of IN 35419 487 22 the the DT 35419 487 23 bundles bundle NNS 35419 487 24 , , , 35419 487 25 so so IN 35419 487 26 that that IN 35419 487 27 they -PRON- PRP 35419 487 28 are be VBP 35419 487 29 often often RB 35419 487 30 large large JJ 35419 487 31 and and CC 35419 487 32 conspicuous conspicuous JJ 35419 487 33 , , , 35419 487 34 as as IN 35419 487 35 in in IN 35419 487 36 oak oak NN 35419 487 37 , , , 35419 487 38 or or CC 35419 487 39 small small JJ 35419 487 40 and and CC 35419 487 41 indeed indeed RB 35419 487 42 invisible invisible JJ 35419 487 43 , , , 35419 487 44 as as IN 35419 487 45 in in IN 35419 487 46 some some DT 35419 487 47 of of IN 35419 487 48 the the DT 35419 487 49 conifers conifer NNS 35419 487 50 . . . 35419 488 1 But but CC 35419 488 2 they -PRON- PRP 35419 488 3 are be VBP 35419 488 4 present present JJ 35419 488 5 in in IN 35419 488 6 all all DT 35419 488 7 exogenous exogenous JJ 35419 488 8 woods wood NNS 35419 488 9 , , , 35419 488 10 and and CC 35419 488 11 can can MD 35419 488 12 readily readily RB 35419 488 13 be be VB 35419 488 14 seen see VBN 35419 488 15 with with IN 35419 488 16 the the DT 35419 488 17 microscope microscope NN 35419 488 18 . . . 35419 489 1 Stretching stretch VBG 35419 489 2 across across IN 35419 489 3 these these DT 35419 489 4 pith pith NNP 35419 489 5 rays ray NNS 35419 489 6 from from IN 35419 489 7 the the DT 35419 489 8 cambium cambium NN 35419 489 9 layer layer NN 35419 489 10 in in IN 35419 489 11 one one CD 35419 489 12 procambium procambium NN 35419 489 13 strand strand NN 35419 489 14 to to IN 35419 489 15 that that DT 35419 489 16 in in IN 35419 489 17 the the DT 35419 489 18 others other NNS 35419 489 19 , , , 35419 489 20 the the DT 35419 489 21 cambium cambium NN 35419 489 22 formation formation NN 35419 489 23 extends extend VBZ 35419 489 24 , , , 35419 489 25 making make VBG 35419 489 26 a a DT 35419 489 27 complete complete JJ 35419 489 28 cylindrical cylindrical JJ 35419 489 29 sheath sheath NN 35419 489 30 from from IN 35419 489 31 the the DT 35419 489 32 bud bud NN 35419 489 33 downward downward RB 35419 489 34 over over IN 35419 489 35 the the DT 35419 489 36 whole whole JJ 35419 489 37 stem stem NN 35419 489 38 . . . 35419 490 1 This this DT 35419 490 2 is be VBZ 35419 490 3 the the DT 35419 490 4 cambium cambium NN 35419 490 5 sheath sheath NN 35419 490 6 and and CC 35419 490 7 is be VBZ 35419 490 8 the the DT 35419 490 9 living living NN 35419 490 10 , , , 35419 490 11 growing grow VBG 35419 490 12 part part NN 35419 490 13 of of IN 35419 490 14 the the DT 35419 490 15 stem stem NN 35419 490 16 from from IN 35419 490 17 which which WDT 35419 490 18 is be VBZ 35419 490 19 formed form VBN 35419 490 20 the the DT 35419 490 21 wood wood NN 35419 490 22 on on IN 35419 490 23 the the DT 35419 490 24 inside inside NN 35419 490 25 and and CC 35419 490 26 the the DT 35419 490 27 rind rind NN 35419 490 28 ( ( -LRB- 35419 490 29 bark bark NN 35419 490 30 ) ) -RRB- 35419 490 31 on on IN 35419 490 32 the the DT 35419 490 33 outside outside NN 35419 490 34 . . . 35419 491 1 In in IN 35419 491 2 the the DT 35419 491 3 first first JJ 35419 491 4 year year NN 35419 491 5 the the DT 35419 491 6 wood wood NN 35419 491 7 and and CC 35419 491 8 the the DT 35419 491 9 bast bast NN 35419 491 10 are be VBP 35419 491 11 formed form VBN 35419 491 12 directly directly RB 35419 491 13 by by IN 35419 491 14 the the DT 35419 491 15 growth growth NN 35419 491 16 and and CC 35419 491 17 change change NN 35419 491 18 of of IN 35419 491 19 the the DT 35419 491 20 inner inner JJ 35419 491 21 and and CC 35419 491 22 outer outer JJ 35419 491 23 cells cell NNS 35419 491 24 respectively respectively RB 35419 491 25 of of IN 35419 491 26 the the DT 35419 491 27 procambium procambium NN 35419 491 28 strand strand NN 35419 491 29 , , , 35419 491 30 and and CC 35419 491 31 all all DT 35419 491 32 such such JJ 35419 491 33 material material NN 35419 491 34 is be VBZ 35419 491 35 called call VBN 35419 491 36 " " `` 35419 491 37 primary primary JJ 35419 491 38 ; ; : 35419 491 39 " " '' 35419 491 40 but but CC 35419 491 41 in in IN 35419 491 42 subsequent subsequent JJ 35419 491 43 years year NNS 35419 491 44 all all DT 35419 491 45 wood wood NN 35419 491 46 , , , 35419 491 47 pith pith NNP 35419 491 48 rays ray NNS 35419 491 49 , , , 35419 491 50 and and CC 35419 491 51 bast bast NN 35419 491 52 , , , 35419 491 53 originate originate VBP 35419 491 54 in in IN 35419 491 55 the the DT 35419 491 56 cambium cambium NN 35419 491 57 , , , 35419 491 58 and and CC 35419 491 59 these these DT 35419 491 60 growths growth NNS 35419 491 61 are be VBP 35419 491 62 called call VBN 35419 491 63 " " `` 35419 491 64 secondary secondary JJ 35419 491 65 . . . 35419 491 66 " " '' 35419 492 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 492 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 492 3 : : : 35419 492 4 Fig Fig NNP 35419 492 5 . . . 35419 493 1 7 7 LS 35419 493 2 . . . 35419 494 1 Sap sap NN 35419 494 2 - - HYPH 35419 494 3 wood wood NN 35419 494 4 and and CC 35419 494 5 Heart heart NN 35419 494 6 - - HYPH 35419 494 7 wood wood NN 35419 494 8 , , , 35419 494 9 Lignum Lignum NNP 35419 494 10 Vitae Vitae NNP 35419 494 11 . . . 35419 494 12 ] ] -RRB- 35419 495 1 ( ( -LRB- 35419 495 2 3 3 LS 35419 495 3 ) ) -RRB- 35419 495 4 The the DT 35419 495 5 _ _ NNP 35419 495 6 wood wood NN 35419 495 7 _ _ NNP 35419 495 8 of of IN 35419 495 9 most most JJS 35419 495 10 exogens exogen NNS 35419 495 11 is be VBZ 35419 495 12 made make VBN 35419 495 13 up up RP 35419 495 14 of of IN 35419 495 15 two two CD 35419 495 16 parts part NNS 35419 495 17 , , , 35419 495 18 a a DT 35419 495 19 lighter light JJR 35419 495 20 part part NN 35419 495 21 called call VBD 35419 495 22 the the DT 35419 495 23 sap sap NN 35419 495 24 - - HYPH 35419 495 25 wood wood NN 35419 495 26 or or CC 35419 495 27 splint splint NN 35419 495 28 - - HYPH 35419 495 29 wood wood NN 35419 495 30 or or CC 35419 495 31 alburnum alburnum NN 35419 495 32 , , , 35419 495 33 and and CC 35419 495 34 a a DT 35419 495 35 darker dark JJR 35419 495 36 part part NN 35419 495 37 called call VBN 35419 495 38 the the DT 35419 495 39 heart heart NN 35419 495 40 - - HYPH 35419 495 41 wood wood NN 35419 495 42 or or CC 35419 495 43 duramen duraman NNS 35419 495 44 , , , 35419 495 45 Fig Fig NNP 35419 495 46 . . . 35419 496 1 7 7 LS 35419 496 2 . . . 35419 497 1 Sap sap NN 35419 497 2 - - HYPH 35419 497 3 wood wood NN 35419 497 4 is be VBZ 35419 497 5 really really RB 35419 497 6 immature immature JJ 35419 497 7 heartwood heartwood NNP 35419 497 8 . . . 35419 498 1 The the DT 35419 498 2 difference difference NN 35419 498 3 in in IN 35419 498 4 color color NN 35419 498 5 between between IN 35419 498 6 them -PRON- PRP 35419 498 7 is be VBZ 35419 498 8 very very RB 35419 498 9 marked mark VBN 35419 498 10 in in IN 35419 498 11 some some DT 35419 498 12 woods wood NNS 35419 498 13 , , , 35419 498 14 as as IN 35419 498 15 in in IN 35419 498 16 lignum lignum NN 35419 498 17 vitae vitae NN 35419 498 18 and and CC 35419 498 19 black black NNP 35419 498 20 walnut walnut NN 35419 498 21 , , , 35419 498 22 and and CC 35419 498 23 very very RB 35419 498 24 slight slight JJ 35419 498 25 in in IN 35419 498 26 others other NNS 35419 498 27 , , , 35419 498 28 as as IN 35419 498 29 spruce spruce NN 35419 498 30 and and CC 35419 498 31 bass bass NN 35419 498 32 . . . 35419 499 1 Indeed indeed RB 35419 499 2 , , , 35419 499 3 some some DT 35419 499 4 species specie NNS 35419 499 5 never never RB 35419 499 6 form form VBP 35419 499 7 a a DT 35419 499 8 distinct distinct JJ 35419 499 9 heart heart NN 35419 499 10 - - HYPH 35419 499 11 wood wood NN 35419 499 12 , , , 35419 499 13 birch birch JJ 35419 499 14 ( ( -LRB- 35419 499 15 _ _ NNP 35419 499 16 Betula Betula NNP 35419 499 17 alba alba VBZ 35419 499 18 _ _ NNP 35419 499 19 ) ) -RRB- 35419 499 20 being be VBG 35419 499 21 an an DT 35419 499 22 example example NN 35419 499 23 . . . 35419 500 1 In in IN 35419 500 2 a a DT 35419 500 3 living living NN 35419 500 4 tree tree NN 35419 500 5 , , , 35419 500 6 sap sap NN 35419 500 7 - - HYPH 35419 500 8 wood wood NN 35419 500 9 and and CC 35419 500 10 heart heart NN 35419 500 11 - - HYPH 35419 500 12 wood wood NN 35419 500 13 perform perform VBP 35419 500 14 primarily primarily RB 35419 500 15 quite quite RB 35419 500 16 different different JJ 35419 500 17 functions function NNS 35419 500 18 . . . 35419 501 1 The the DT 35419 501 2 sap sap NN 35419 501 3 - - HYPH 35419 501 4 wood wood NN 35419 501 5 carries carry VBZ 35419 501 6 the the DT 35419 501 7 water water NN 35419 501 8 from from IN 35419 501 9 the the DT 35419 501 10 roots root NNS 35419 501 11 to to IN 35419 501 12 the the DT 35419 501 13 leaves leave NNS 35419 501 14 , , , 35419 501 15 stores store NNS 35419 501 16 away away RB 35419 501 17 starch starch VBP 35419 501 18 at at IN 35419 501 19 least least JJS 35419 501 20 in in IN 35419 501 21 winter winter NN 35419 501 22 , , , 35419 501 23 and and CC 35419 501 24 in in IN 35419 501 25 other other JJ 35419 501 26 ways way NNS 35419 501 27 assists assist VBZ 35419 501 28 the the DT 35419 501 29 life life NN 35419 501 30 of of IN 35419 501 31 the the DT 35419 501 32 tree tree NN 35419 501 33 . . . 35419 502 1 The the DT 35419 502 2 proportional proportional JJ 35419 502 3 amount amount NN 35419 502 4 of of IN 35419 502 5 sapwood sapwood JJ 35419 502 6 varies vary VBZ 35419 502 7 greatly greatly RB 35419 502 8 , , , 35419 502 9 often often RB 35419 502 10 , , , 35419 502 11 as as IN 35419 502 12 in in IN 35419 502 13 long long JJ 35419 502 14 - - HYPH 35419 502 15 leaf leaf NN 35419 502 16 pine pine NN 35419 502 17 , , , 35419 502 18 constituting constitute VBG 35419 502 19 40 40 CD 35419 502 20 per per NN 35419 502 21 cent cent NN 35419 502 22 . . . 35419 503 1 of of IN 35419 503 2 the the DT 35419 503 3 stem stem NN 35419 503 4 . . . 35419 504 1 As as IN 35419 504 2 the the DT 35419 504 3 sap sap NN 35419 504 4 - - HYPH 35419 504 5 wood wood NN 35419 504 6 grows grow VBZ 35419 504 7 older old JJR 35419 504 8 , , , 35419 504 9 its -PRON- PRP$ 35419 504 10 cells cell NNS 35419 504 11 become become VBP 35419 504 12 choked choke VBN 35419 504 13 so so IN 35419 504 14 that that IN 35419 504 15 the the DT 35419 504 16 sap sap NN 35419 504 17 can can MD 35419 504 18 no no RB 35419 504 19 longer longer RB 35419 504 20 flow flow VB 35419 504 21 thru thru IN 35419 504 22 them -PRON- PRP 35419 504 23 . . . 35419 505 1 It -PRON- PRP 35419 505 2 loses lose VBZ 35419 505 3 its -PRON- PRP$ 35419 505 4 protoplasm protoplasm NN 35419 505 5 and and CC 35419 505 6 starch starch NN 35419 505 7 and and CC 35419 505 8 becomes become VBZ 35419 505 9 heartwood heartwood NNP 35419 505 10 , , , 35419 505 11 in in IN 35419 505 12 which which WDT 35419 505 13 all all DT 35419 505 14 cells cell NNS 35419 505 15 are be VBP 35419 505 16 dead dead JJ 35419 505 17 and and CC 35419 505 18 serve serve VBP 35419 505 19 only only RB 35419 505 20 the the DT 35419 505 21 mechanical mechanical JJ 35419 505 22 function function NN 35419 505 23 of of IN 35419 505 24 holding hold VBG 35419 505 25 up up RP 35419 505 26 the the DT 35419 505 27 great great JJ 35419 505 28 weight weight NN 35419 505 29 of of IN 35419 505 30 the the DT 35419 505 31 tree tree NN 35419 505 32 and and CC 35419 505 33 in in IN 35419 505 34 resisting resist VBG 35419 505 35 wind wind NN 35419 505 36 pressures pressure NNS 35419 505 37 . . . 35419 506 1 This this DT 35419 506 2 is be VBZ 35419 506 3 the the DT 35419 506 4 reason reason NN 35419 506 5 why why WRB 35419 506 6 a a DT 35419 506 7 tree tree NN 35419 506 8 may may MD 35419 506 9 become become VB 35419 506 10 decayed decayed JJ 35419 506 11 and and CC 35419 506 12 hollow hollow JJ 35419 506 13 and and CC 35419 506 14 yet yet RB 35419 506 15 be be VB 35419 506 16 alive alive JJ 35419 506 17 and and CC 35419 506 18 bear bear VB 35419 506 19 fruit fruit NN 35419 506 20 . . . 35419 507 1 In in IN 35419 507 2 a a DT 35419 507 3 tree tree NN 35419 507 4 that that WDT 35419 507 5 is be VBZ 35419 507 6 actually actually RB 35419 507 7 dead dead JJ 35419 507 8 the the DT 35419 507 9 sap sap NN 35419 507 10 - - HYPH 35419 507 11 wood wood NN 35419 507 12 rots rot NNS 35419 507 13 first first RB 35419 507 14 . . . 35419 508 1 Chemical chemical JJ 35419 508 2 substances substance NNS 35419 508 3 infiltrate infiltrate VBP 35419 508 4 into into IN 35419 508 5 the the DT 35419 508 6 cell cell NN 35419 508 7 walls wall NNS 35419 508 8 of of IN 35419 508 9 heart heart NN 35419 508 10 - - HYPH 35419 508 11 wood wood NN 35419 508 12 and and CC 35419 508 13 hence hence RB 35419 508 14 it -PRON- PRP 35419 508 15 has have VBZ 35419 508 16 a a DT 35419 508 17 darker dark JJR 35419 508 18 color color NN 35419 508 19 than than IN 35419 508 20 the the DT 35419 508 21 sap sap NN 35419 508 22 - - HYPH 35419 508 23 wood wood NN 35419 508 24 . . . 35419 509 1 Persimmon Persimmon NNP 35419 509 2 turns turn VBZ 35419 509 3 black black JJ 35419 509 4 , , , 35419 509 5 walnut walnut NNP 35419 509 6 purplish purplish NNP 35419 509 7 brown brown NNP 35419 509 8 , , , 35419 509 9 sumac sumac NNP 35419 509 10 yellow yellow NNP 35419 509 11 , , , 35419 509 12 oak oak NNP 35419 509 13 light light NNP 35419 509 14 brown brown NNP 35419 509 15 , , , 35419 509 16 tulip tulip NN 35419 509 17 and and CC 35419 509 18 poplar poplar JJ 35419 509 19 yellowish yellowish JJ 35419 509 20 , , , 35419 509 21 redwood redwood NN 35419 509 22 and and CC 35419 509 23 cedar cedar NN 35419 509 24 brownish brownish NNP 35419 509 25 red red NNP 35419 509 26 . . . 35419 510 1 Many many JJ 35419 510 2 woods wood NNS 35419 510 3 , , , 35419 510 4 as as IN 35419 510 5 mahogany mahogany NN 35419 510 6 and and CC 35419 510 7 oak oak NN 35419 510 8 , , , 35419 510 9 darken darken VBN 35419 510 10 under under IN 35419 510 11 exposure exposure NN 35419 510 12 , , , 35419 510 13 which which WDT 35419 510 14 shows show VBZ 35419 510 15 that that IN 35419 510 16 the the DT 35419 510 17 substances substance NNS 35419 510 18 producing produce VBG 35419 510 19 the the DT 35419 510 20 color color NN 35419 510 21 are be VBP 35419 510 22 oxidizable oxidizable JJ 35419 510 23 and and CC 35419 510 24 unstable unstable JJ 35419 510 25 . . . 35419 511 1 Wood wood NN 35419 511 2 dyes dye NNS 35419 511 3 are be VBP 35419 511 4 obtained obtain VBN 35419 511 5 by by IN 35419 511 6 boiling boil VBG 35419 511 7 and and CC 35419 511 8 distilling distil VBG 35419 511 9 such such JJ 35419 511 10 woods wood NNS 35419 511 11 as as IN 35419 511 12 sumach sumach NN 35419 511 13 , , , 35419 511 14 logwood logwood NN 35419 511 15 , , , 35419 511 16 red red JJ 35419 511 17 sanders sander NNS 35419 511 18 , , , 35419 511 19 and and CC 35419 511 20 fustic fustic JJ 35419 511 21 . . . 35419 512 1 Many many JJ 35419 512 2 woods wood NNS 35419 512 3 also also RB 35419 512 4 acquire acquire VBP 35419 512 5 distinct distinct JJ 35419 512 6 odors odor NNS 35419 512 7 , , , 35419 512 8 as as IN 35419 512 9 camphor camphor NNP 35419 512 10 , , , 35419 512 11 sandalwood sandalwood NN 35419 512 12 , , , 35419 512 13 cedar cedar NN 35419 512 14 , , , 35419 512 15 cypress cypress NN 35419 512 16 , , , 35419 512 17 pine pine NN 35419 512 18 and and CC 35419 512 19 mahogany mahogany NN 35419 512 20 , , , 35419 512 21 indicating indicate VBG 35419 512 22 the the DT 35419 512 23 presence presence NN 35419 512 24 of of IN 35419 512 25 oil oil NN 35419 512 26 . . . 35419 513 1 As as IN 35419 513 2 a a DT 35419 513 3 rule rule NN 35419 513 4 heart heart NN 35419 513 5 - - HYPH 35419 513 6 wood wood NN 35419 513 7 is be VBZ 35419 513 8 more more RBR 35419 513 9 valuable valuable JJ 35419 513 10 for for IN 35419 513 11 timber timber NN 35419 513 12 , , , 35419 513 13 being be VBG 35419 513 14 harder hard JJR 35419 513 15 , , , 35419 513 16 heavier heavy JJR 35419 513 17 , , , 35419 513 18 and and CC 35419 513 19 drier dry JJR 35419 513 20 than than IN 35419 513 21 sap sap NN 35419 513 22 - - HYPH 35419 513 23 wood wood NN 35419 513 24 . . . 35419 514 1 In in IN 35419 514 2 woods wood NNS 35419 514 3 like like IN 35419 514 4 hickory hickory NN 35419 514 5 and and CC 35419 514 6 ash ash VB 35419 514 7 , , , 35419 514 8 however however RB 35419 514 9 , , , 35419 514 10 which which WDT 35419 514 11 are be VBP 35419 514 12 used use VBN 35419 514 13 for for IN 35419 514 14 purposes purpose NNS 35419 514 15 that that WDT 35419 514 16 require require VBP 35419 514 17 pliability pliability NN 35419 514 18 , , , 35419 514 19 as as IN 35419 514 20 in in IN 35419 514 21 baskets basket NNS 35419 514 22 , , , 35419 514 23 or or CC 35419 514 24 elasticity elasticity NN 35419 514 25 as as IN 35419 514 26 in in IN 35419 514 27 handles handle NNS 35419 514 28 of of IN 35419 514 29 rakes rake NNS 35419 514 30 and and CC 35419 514 31 hoes hoe NNS 35419 514 32 , , , 35419 514 33 sap sap NN 35419 514 34 - - HYPH 35419 514 35 wood wood NN 35419 514 36 is be VBZ 35419 514 37 more more RBR 35419 514 38 valuable valuable JJ 35419 514 39 than than IN 35419 514 40 heart heart NN 35419 514 41 - - HYPH 35419 514 42 wood wood NN 35419 514 43 . . . 35419 515 1 In in IN 35419 515 2 a a DT 35419 515 3 transverse transverse JJ 35419 515 4 section section NN 35419 515 5 of of IN 35419 515 6 a a DT 35419 515 7 conifer conifer NN 35419 515 8 , , , 35419 515 9 for for IN 35419 515 10 example example NN 35419 515 11 Douglas Douglas NNP 35419 515 12 spruce spruce VBP 35419 515 13 , , , 35419 515 14 Fig Fig NNP 35419 515 15 . . . 35419 516 1 8 8 CD 35419 516 2 , , , 35419 516 3 the the DT 35419 516 4 wood wood NN 35419 516 5 is be VBZ 35419 516 6 seen see VBN 35419 516 7 to to TO 35419 516 8 lie lie VB 35419 516 9 in in IN 35419 516 10 concentric concentric JJ 35419 516 11 rings ring NNS 35419 516 12 , , , 35419 516 13 the the DT 35419 516 14 outer outer JJ 35419 516 15 part part NN 35419 516 16 of of IN 35419 516 17 the the DT 35419 516 18 ring ring NN 35419 516 19 being be VBG 35419 516 20 darker dark JJR 35419 516 21 in in IN 35419 516 22 color color NN 35419 516 23 than than IN 35419 516 24 the the DT 35419 516 25 inner inner JJ 35419 516 26 part part NN 35419 516 27 . . . 35419 517 1 In in IN 35419 517 2 reality reality NN 35419 517 3 each each DT 35419 517 4 of of IN 35419 517 5 these these DT 35419 517 6 rings ring NNS 35419 517 7 is be VBZ 35419 517 8 a a DT 35419 517 9 section section NN 35419 517 10 of of IN 35419 517 11 an an DT 35419 517 12 irregular irregular JJ 35419 517 13 hollow hollow JJ 35419 517 14 cone cone NN 35419 517 15 , , , 35419 517 16 each each DT 35419 517 17 cone cone NN 35419 517 18 enveloping envelop VBG 35419 517 19 its -PRON- PRP$ 35419 517 20 inner inner JJ 35419 517 21 neighbor neighbor NN 35419 517 22 . . . 35419 518 1 Each each DT 35419 518 2 cone cone NN 35419 518 3 ordinarily ordinarily RB 35419 518 4 constitutes constitute VBZ 35419 518 5 a a DT 35419 518 6 year year NN 35419 518 7 's 's POS 35419 518 8 growth growth NN 35419 518 9 , , , 35419 518 10 and and CC 35419 518 11 therefore therefore RB 35419 518 12 there there EX 35419 518 13 is be VBZ 35419 518 14 a a DT 35419 518 15 greater great JJR 35419 518 16 number number NN 35419 518 17 of of IN 35419 518 18 them -PRON- PRP 35419 518 19 at at IN 35419 518 20 the the DT 35419 518 21 base base NN 35419 518 22 of of IN 35419 518 23 a a DT 35419 518 24 tree tree NN 35419 518 25 than than IN 35419 518 26 higher high JJR 35419 518 27 up up RP 35419 518 28 . . . 35419 519 1 These these DT 35419 519 2 cones cone NNS 35419 519 3 vary vary VBP 35419 519 4 greatly greatly RB 35419 519 5 in in IN 35419 519 6 _ _ NNP 35419 519 7 thickness thickness NN 35419 519 8 _ _ NNP 35419 519 9 , , , 35419 519 10 or or CC 35419 519 11 , , , 35419 519 12 looking look VBG 35419 519 13 at at IN 35419 519 14 a a DT 35419 519 15 cross cross NN 35419 519 16 - - NN 35419 519 17 section section NN 35419 519 18 , , , 35419 519 19 the the DT 35419 519 20 rings ring NNS 35419 519 21 vary vary VBP 35419 519 22 in in IN 35419 519 23 _ _ NNP 35419 519 24 width width NN 35419 519 25 _ _ NNP 35419 519 26 ; ; : 35419 519 27 in in IN 35419 519 28 general general JJ 35419 519 29 , , , 35419 519 30 those those DT 35419 519 31 at at IN 35419 519 32 the the DT 35419 519 33 center center NN 35419 519 34 being be VBG 35419 519 35 thicker thick JJR 35419 519 36 than than IN 35419 519 37 those those DT 35419 519 38 toward toward IN 35419 519 39 the the DT 35419 519 40 bark bark NN 35419 519 41 . . . 35419 520 1 Variations variation NNS 35419 520 2 from from IN 35419 520 3 year year NN 35419 520 4 to to IN 35419 520 5 year year NN 35419 520 6 may may MD 35419 520 7 also also RB 35419 520 8 be be VB 35419 520 9 noticed notice VBN 35419 520 10 , , , 35419 520 11 showing show VBG 35419 520 12 that that IN 35419 520 13 the the DT 35419 520 14 tree tree NN 35419 520 15 was be VBD 35419 520 16 well well RB 35419 520 17 nourished nourish VBN 35419 520 18 one one CD 35419 520 19 year year NN 35419 520 20 and and CC 35419 520 21 poorly poorly RB 35419 520 22 nourished nourish VBD 35419 520 23 another another DT 35419 520 24 year year NN 35419 520 25 . . . 35419 521 1 Rings ring NNS 35419 521 2 , , , 35419 521 3 however however RB 35419 521 4 , , , 35419 521 5 do do VBP 35419 521 6 not not RB 35419 521 7 always always RB 35419 521 8 indicate indicate VB 35419 521 9 a a DT 35419 521 10 year year NN 35419 521 11 's 's POS 35419 521 12 growth growth NN 35419 521 13 . . . 35419 522 1 " " `` 35419 522 2 False false JJ 35419 522 3 rings ring NNS 35419 522 4 " " '' 35419 522 5 are be VBP 35419 522 6 sometimes sometimes RB 35419 522 7 formed form VBN 35419 522 8 by by IN 35419 522 9 a a DT 35419 522 10 cessation cessation NN 35419 522 11 in in IN 35419 522 12 the the DT 35419 522 13 growth growth NN 35419 522 14 due due IN 35419 522 15 to to IN 35419 522 16 drouth drouth NNP 35419 522 17 , , , 35419 522 18 fire fire NN 35419 522 19 or or CC 35419 522 20 other other JJ 35419 522 21 accident accident NN 35419 522 22 , , , 35419 522 23 followed follow VBN 35419 522 24 by by IN 35419 522 25 renewed renew VBN 35419 522 26 growth growth NN 35419 522 27 the the DT 35419 522 28 same same JJ 35419 522 29 season season NN 35419 522 30 . . . 35419 523 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 523 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 523 3 : : : 35419 523 4 Fig Fig NNP 35419 523 5 . . . 35419 524 1 8 8 LS 35419 524 2 . . . 35419 525 1 Section section NN 35419 525 2 of of IN 35419 525 3 Douglas Douglas NNP 35419 525 4 Fir Fir NNP 35419 525 5 , , , 35419 525 6 Showing show VBG 35419 525 7 Annual Annual NNP 35419 525 8 Rings ring NNS 35419 525 9 and and CC 35419 525 10 Knots Knots NNPS 35419 525 11 at at IN 35419 525 12 Center Center NNP 35419 525 13 of of IN 35419 525 14 Trunk Trunk NNP 35419 525 15 . . . 35419 526 1 _ _ NNP 35419 526 2 American American NNP 35419 526 3 Museum Museum NNP 35419 526 4 of of IN 35419 526 5 Natural Natural NNP 35419 526 6 History History NNP 35419 526 7 , , , 35419 526 8 N. N. NNP 35419 526 9 Y. Y. NNP 35419 526 10 _ _ NNP 35419 526 11 ] ] -RRB- 35419 526 12 In in IN 35419 526 13 a a DT 35419 526 14 radial radial JJ 35419 526 15 section section NN 35419 526 16 of of IN 35419 526 17 a a DT 35419 526 18 log log NN 35419 526 19 , , , 35419 526 20 Fig Fig NNP 35419 526 21 . . . 35419 527 1 8 8 CD 35419 527 2 , , , 35419 527 3 these these DT 35419 527 4 " " `` 35419 527 5 rings ring NNS 35419 527 6 " " '' 35419 527 7 appear appear VBP 35419 527 8 as as IN 35419 527 9 a a DT 35419 527 10 series series NN 35419 527 11 of of IN 35419 527 12 parallel parallel JJ 35419 527 13 lines line NNS 35419 527 14 and and CC 35419 527 15 if if IN 35419 527 16 one one PRP 35419 527 17 could could MD 35419 527 18 examine examine VB 35419 527 19 a a DT 35419 527 20 long long JJ 35419 527 21 enough enough RB 35419 527 22 log log NN 35419 527 23 these these DT 35419 527 24 lines line NNS 35419 527 25 would would MD 35419 527 26 converge converge VB 35419 527 27 , , , 35419 527 28 as as IN 35419 527 29 would would MD 35419 527 30 the the DT 35419 527 31 cut cut VB 35419 527 32 edges edge NNS 35419 527 33 in in IN 35419 527 34 a a DT 35419 527 35 nest nest NN 35419 527 36 of of IN 35419 527 37 cones cone NNS 35419 527 38 , , , 35419 527 39 if if IN 35419 527 40 they -PRON- PRP 35419 527 41 were be VBD 35419 527 42 cut cut VBN 35419 527 43 up up RP 35419 527 44 thru thru IN 35419 527 45 the the DT 35419 527 46 center center NN 35419 527 47 , , , 35419 527 48 as as IN 35419 527 49 in in IN 35419 527 50 Fig Fig NNP 35419 527 51 . . . 35419 528 1 9 9 CD 35419 528 2 . . . 35419 529 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 529 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 529 3 : : : 35419 529 4 Fig Fig NNP 35419 529 5 . . . 35419 530 1 9 9 CD 35419 530 2 . . . 35419 531 1 Diagram Diagram NNP 35419 531 2 of of IN 35419 531 3 Radial Radial NNP 35419 531 4 Section Section NNP 35419 531 5 of of IN 35419 531 6 Log Log NNP 35419 531 7 ( ( -LRB- 35419 531 8 exaggerated exaggerated JJ 35419 531 9 ) ) -RRB- 35419 531 10 Showing show VBG 35419 531 11 Annual Annual NNP 35419 531 12 Cones Cones NNPS 35419 531 13 of of IN 35419 531 14 Growth Growth NNP 35419 531 15 . . . 35419 531 16 ] ] -RRB- 35419 532 1 In in IN 35419 532 2 a a DT 35419 532 3 tangential tangential JJ 35419 532 4 section section NN 35419 532 5 , , , 35419 532 6 the the DT 35419 532 7 lines line NNS 35419 532 8 appear appear VBP 35419 532 9 as as IN 35419 532 10 broad broad JJ 35419 532 11 bands band NNS 35419 532 12 , , , 35419 532 13 and and CC 35419 532 14 since since IN 35419 532 15 almost almost RB 35419 532 16 no no DT 35419 532 17 tree tree NN 35419 532 18 grows grow VBZ 35419 532 19 perfectly perfectly RB 35419 532 20 straight straight JJ 35419 532 21 , , , 35419 532 22 these these DT 35419 532 23 lines line NNS 35419 532 24 are be VBP 35419 532 25 wavy wavy JJ 35419 532 26 , , , 35419 532 27 and and CC 35419 532 28 give give VB 35419 532 29 the the DT 35419 532 30 characteristic characteristic JJ 35419 532 31 pleasing pleasing JJ 35419 532 32 " " `` 35419 532 33 grain grain NN 35419 532 34 " " '' 35419 532 35 of of IN 35419 532 36 wood wood NN 35419 532 37 . . . 35419 533 1 Fig fig NN 35419 533 2 . . . 35419 534 1 27 27 CD 35419 534 2 , , , 35419 534 3 p. p. NN 35419 534 4 35 35 CD 35419 534 5 . . . 35419 535 1 The the DT 35419 535 2 annual annual JJ 35419 535 3 rings ring NNS 35419 535 4 can can MD 35419 535 5 sometimes sometimes RB 35419 535 6 be be VB 35419 535 7 discerned discern VBN 35419 535 8 in in IN 35419 535 9 the the DT 35419 535 10 bark bark NN 35419 535 11 as as RB 35419 535 12 well well RB 35419 535 13 as as IN 35419 535 14 in in IN 35419 535 15 the the DT 35419 535 16 wood wood NN 35419 535 17 , , , 35419 535 18 as as IN 35419 535 19 in in IN 35419 535 20 corks cork NNS 35419 535 21 , , , 35419 535 22 which which WDT 35419 535 23 are be VBP 35419 535 24 made make VBN 35419 535 25 of of IN 35419 535 26 the the DT 35419 535 27 outer outer JJ 35419 535 28 bark bark NN 35419 535 29 of of IN 35419 535 30 the the DT 35419 535 31 cork cork NN 35419 535 32 oak oak NN 35419 535 33 , , , 35419 535 34 a a DT 35419 535 35 product product NN 35419 535 36 of of IN 35419 535 37 southern southern JJ 35419 535 38 Europe Europe NNP 35419 535 39 and and CC 35419 535 40 northern northern JJ 35419 535 41 Africa Africa NNP 35419 535 42 . . . 35419 536 1 Fig fig NN 35419 536 2 . . . 35419 537 1 10 10 CD 35419 537 2 . . . 35419 538 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 538 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 538 3 : : : 35419 538 4 Fig Fig NNP 35419 538 5 . . . 35419 539 1 10 10 CD 35419 539 2 . . . 35419 540 1 Annual annual JJ 35419 540 2 Rings ring NNS 35419 540 3 in in IN 35419 540 4 Bark Bark NNP 35419 540 5 ( ( -LRB- 35419 540 6 cork cork NN 35419 540 7 ) ) -RRB- 35419 540 8 . . . 35419 540 9 ] ] -RRB- 35419 541 1 The the DT 35419 541 2 growth growth NN 35419 541 3 of of IN 35419 541 4 the the DT 35419 541 5 wood wood NN 35419 541 6 of of IN 35419 541 7 exogenous exogenous JJ 35419 541 8 trees tree NNS 35419 541 9 takes take VBZ 35419 541 10 place place NN 35419 541 11 thru thru IN 35419 541 12 the the DT 35419 541 13 ability ability NN 35419 541 14 , , , 35419 541 15 already already RB 35419 541 16 noted note VBN 35419 541 17 , , , 35419 541 18 of of IN 35419 541 19 protoplasmic protoplasmic JJ 35419 541 20 cells cell NNS 35419 541 21 to to TO 35419 541 22 divide divide VB 35419 541 23 . . . 35419 542 1 The the DT 35419 542 2 cambium cambium NN 35419 542 3 cells cell NNS 35419 542 4 , , , 35419 542 5 which which WDT 35419 542 6 have have VBP 35419 542 7 very very RB 35419 542 8 thin thin JJ 35419 542 9 walls wall NNS 35419 542 10 , , , 35419 542 11 are be VBP 35419 542 12 rectangular rectangular JJ 35419 542 13 in in IN 35419 542 14 shape shape NN 35419 542 15 , , , 35419 542 16 broader broad JJR 35419 542 17 tangentially tangentially RB 35419 542 18 than than IN 35419 542 19 radially radially NNP 35419 542 20 , , , 35419 542 21 and and CC 35419 542 22 tapering taper VBG 35419 542 23 above above RB 35419 542 24 and and CC 35419 542 25 below below RB 35419 542 26 to to IN 35419 542 27 a a DT 35419 542 28 chisel chisel NN 35419 542 29 edge edge NN 35419 542 30 , , , 35419 542 31 Fig fig NN 35419 542 32 . . . 35419 543 1 11 11 CD 35419 543 2 . . . 35419 544 1 After after IN 35419 544 2 they -PRON- PRP 35419 544 3 have have VBP 35419 544 4 grown grow VBN 35419 544 5 somewhat somewhat RB 35419 544 6 radially radially NN 35419 544 7 , , , 35419 544 8 partition partition NN 35419 544 9 walls wall NNS 35419 544 10 form form VBP 35419 544 11 across across IN 35419 544 12 them -PRON- PRP 35419 544 13 in in IN 35419 544 14 the the DT 35419 544 15 longitudinal longitudinal JJ 35419 544 16 , , , 35419 544 17 tangential tangential JJ 35419 544 18 direction direction NN 35419 544 19 , , , 35419 544 20 so so IN 35419 544 21 that that IN 35419 544 22 in in IN 35419 544 23 place place NN 35419 544 24 of of IN 35419 544 25 one one CD 35419 544 26 initial initial JJ 35419 544 27 cell cell NN 35419 544 28 , , , 35419 544 29 there there EX 35419 544 30 are be VBP 35419 544 31 two two CD 35419 544 32 daughter daughter NN 35419 544 33 cells cell NNS 35419 544 34 radially radially RB 35419 544 35 disposed dispose VBN 35419 544 36 . . . 35419 545 1 Each each DT 35419 545 2 of of IN 35419 545 3 these these DT 35419 545 4 small small JJ 35419 545 5 cells cell NNS 35419 545 6 grows grow VBZ 35419 545 7 and and CC 35419 545 8 re re NNS 35419 545 9 - - NNS 35419 545 10 divides divide VBZ 35419 545 11 , , , 35419 545 12 as as IN 35419 545 13 in in IN 35419 545 14 Fig Fig NNP 35419 545 15 . . . 35419 546 1 12 12 CD 35419 546 2 . . . 35419 547 1 Finally finally RB 35419 547 2 the the DT 35419 547 3 innermost innermost JJS 35419 547 4 cell cell NN 35419 547 5 ceases cease VBZ 35419 547 6 to to TO 35419 547 7 divide divide VB 35419 547 8 , , , 35419 547 9 and and CC 35419 547 10 uses use VBZ 35419 547 11 its -PRON- PRP$ 35419 547 12 protoplasm protoplasm NN 35419 547 13 to to TO 35419 547 14 become become VB 35419 547 15 thick thick JJ 35419 547 16 and and CC 35419 547 17 hard hard JJ 35419 547 18 wood wood NN 35419 547 19 . . . 35419 548 1 In in IN 35419 548 2 like like DT 35419 548 3 manner manner NN 35419 548 4 the the DT 35419 548 5 outermost outermost JJ 35419 548 6 cambium cambium NN 35419 548 7 cell cell NN 35419 548 8 becomes become VBZ 35419 548 9 bast bast NN 35419 548 10 , , , 35419 548 11 while while IN 35419 548 12 the the DT 35419 548 13 cells cell NNS 35419 548 14 between between IN 35419 548 15 them -PRON- PRP 35419 548 16 continue continue VBP 35419 548 17 to to TO 35419 548 18 grow grow VB 35419 548 19 and and CC 35419 548 20 divide divide VB 35419 548 21 , , , 35419 548 22 and and CC 35419 548 23 so so RB 35419 548 24 the the DT 35419 548 25 process process NN 35419 548 26 goes go VBZ 35419 548 27 on on RP 35419 548 28 . . . 35419 549 1 In in IN 35419 549 2 nearly nearly RB 35419 549 3 all all DT 35419 549 4 stems stem NNS 35419 549 5 , , , 35419 549 6 there there EX 35419 549 7 is be VBZ 35419 549 8 much much RB 35419 549 9 more more RBR 35419 549 10 abundant abundant JJ 35419 549 11 formation formation NN 35419 549 12 of of IN 35419 549 13 wood wood NN 35419 549 14 than than IN 35419 549 15 of of IN 35419 549 16 bast bast NN 35419 549 17 cells cell NNS 35419 549 18 . . . 35419 550 1 In in IN 35419 550 2 other other JJ 35419 550 3 words word NNS 35419 550 4 , , , 35419 550 5 more more JJR 35419 550 6 cambium cambium NN 35419 550 7 cells cell NNS 35419 550 8 turn turn VBP 35419 550 9 to to IN 35419 550 10 wood wood NN 35419 550 11 than than IN 35419 550 12 to to IN 35419 550 13 bast bast NN 35419 550 14 . . . 35419 551 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 551 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 551 3 : : : 35419 551 4 Fig Fig NNP 35419 551 5 . . . 35419 552 1 11 11 CD 35419 552 2 . . . 35419 553 1 Diagram Diagram NNP 35419 553 2 Showing show VBG 35419 553 3 Grain Grain NNP 35419 553 4 of of IN 35419 553 5 Spruce spruce NN 35419 553 6 Highly highly RB 35419 553 7 Magnified magnify VBN 35419 553 8 . . . 35419 554 1 PR PR NNP 35419 554 2 , , , 35419 554 3 pith pith NNP 35419 554 4 rays ray NNS 35419 554 5 ; ; : 35419 554 6 BP BP NNP 35419 554 7 , , , 35419 554 8 bordered border VBN 35419 554 9 pits pit NNS 35419 554 10 ; ; : 35419 554 11 Sp Sp NNP 35419 554 12 W W NNP 35419 554 13 , , , 35419 554 14 spring spring NN 35419 554 15 wood wood NN 35419 554 16 ; ; : 35419 554 17 SW SW NNP 35419 554 18 , , , 35419 554 19 summer summer NN 35419 554 20 wood wood NN 35419 554 21 ; ; : 35419 554 22 CC cc NN 35419 554 23 , , , 35419 554 24 overlapping overlap VBG 35419 554 25 of of IN 35419 554 26 chisel chisel NNP 35419 554 27 shaped shape VBN 35419 554 28 ends end NNS 35419 554 29 . . . 35419 554 30 ] ] -RRB- 35419 555 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 555 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 555 3 : : : 35419 555 4 Fig Fig NNP 35419 555 5 . . . 35419 556 1 12 12 CD 35419 556 2 . . . 35419 557 1 Diagram Diagram NNP 35419 557 2 Showing show VBG 35419 557 3 the the DT 35419 557 4 Mode Mode NNP 35419 557 5 of of IN 35419 557 6 Division Division NNP 35419 557 7 of of IN 35419 557 8 the the DT 35419 557 9 Cambium Cambium NNP 35419 557 10 Cells Cells NNPS 35419 557 11 . . . 35419 558 1 The the DT 35419 558 2 cambium cambium NN 35419 558 3 cell cell NN 35419 558 4 is be VBZ 35419 558 5 shaded shade VBN 35419 558 6 to to TO 35419 558 7 distinguish distinguish VB 35419 558 8 it -PRON- PRP 35419 558 9 from from IN 35419 558 10 the the DT 35419 558 11 cells cell NNS 35419 558 12 derived derive VBN 35419 558 13 from from IN 35419 558 14 it -PRON- PRP 35419 558 15 . . . 35419 559 1 Note note VB 35419 559 2 in in IN 35419 559 3 the the DT 35419 559 4 last last JJ 35419 559 5 division division NN 35419 559 6 at at IN 35419 559 7 the the DT 35419 559 8 right right NN 35419 559 9 that that IN 35419 559 10 the the DT 35419 559 11 inner inner JJ 35419 559 12 daughter daughter NN 35419 559 13 cell cell NN 35419 559 14 becomes become VBZ 35419 559 15 the the DT 35419 559 16 cambium cambium NN 35419 559 17 cell cell NN 35419 559 18 while while IN 35419 559 19 the the DT 35419 559 20 outer outer JJ 35419 559 21 cell cell NN 35419 559 22 develops develop VBZ 35419 559 23 into into IN 35419 559 24 a a DT 35419 559 25 bast bast NN 35419 559 26 cell cell NN 35419 559 27 . . . 35419 560 1 _ _ NNP 35419 560 2 From from IN 35419 560 3 Curtis Curtis NNP 35419 560 4 : : : 35419 560 5 Nature nature NN 35419 560 6 and and CC 35419 560 7 Development Development NNP 35419 560 8 of of IN 35419 560 9 Plants Plants NNPS 35419 560 10 . . . 35419 560 11 _ _ NNP 35419 560 12 ] ] -RRB- 35419 560 13 In in IN 35419 560 14 the the DT 35419 560 15 spring spring NN 35419 560 16 when when WRB 35419 560 17 there there EX 35419 560 18 is be VBZ 35419 560 19 comparatively comparatively RB 35419 560 20 little little JJ 35419 560 21 light light NN 35419 560 22 and and CC 35419 560 23 heat heat NN 35419 560 24 , , , 35419 560 25 when when WRB 35419 560 26 the the DT 35419 560 27 roots root NNS 35419 560 28 and and CC 35419 560 29 leaves leave NNS 35419 560 30 are be VBP 35419 560 31 inactive inactive JJ 35419 560 32 and and CC 35419 560 33 feeble feeble JJ 35419 560 34 , , , 35419 560 35 and and CC 35419 560 36 when when WRB 35419 560 37 the the DT 35419 560 38 bark bark NN 35419 560 39 , , , 35419 560 40 split split VBN 35419 560 41 by by IN 35419 560 42 winter winter NN 35419 560 43 , , , 35419 560 44 does do VBZ 35419 560 45 not not RB 35419 560 46 bind bind VB 35419 560 47 very very RB 35419 560 48 tightly tightly RB 35419 560 49 , , , 35419 560 50 the the DT 35419 560 51 inner inner JJ 35419 560 52 cambium cambium NN 35419 560 53 cells cell NNS 35419 560 54 produce produce VBP 35419 560 55 radially radially NNP 35419 560 56 wide wide JJ 35419 560 57 wood wood NN 35419 560 58 cells cell NNS 35419 560 59 with with IN 35419 560 60 relatively relatively RB 35419 560 61 thin thin JJ 35419 560 62 walls wall NNS 35419 560 63 . . . 35419 561 1 These these DT 35419 561 2 constitute constitute VBP 35419 561 3 the the DT 35419 561 4 spring spring NN 35419 561 5 wood wood NN 35419 561 6 . . . 35419 562 1 But but CC 35419 562 2 in in IN 35419 562 3 summer summer NN 35419 562 4 the the DT 35419 562 5 jacket jacket NN 35419 562 6 of of IN 35419 562 7 bark bark NN 35419 562 8 binds bind NNS 35419 562 9 tightly tightly RB 35419 562 10 , , , 35419 562 11 there there EX 35419 562 12 is be VBZ 35419 562 13 plenty plenty NN 35419 562 14 of of IN 35419 562 15 heat heat NN 35419 562 16 and and CC 35419 562 17 light light NN 35419 562 18 , , , 35419 562 19 and and CC 35419 562 20 the the DT 35419 562 21 leaves leave NNS 35419 562 22 and and CC 35419 562 23 roots root NNS 35419 562 24 are be VBP 35419 562 25 very very RB 35419 562 26 active active JJ 35419 562 27 , , , 35419 562 28 so so IN 35419 562 29 that that IN 35419 562 30 the the DT 35419 562 31 cambium cambium NN 35419 562 32 cells cell NNS 35419 562 33 produce produce VBP 35419 562 34 thicker thick JJR 35419 562 35 walled walled JJ 35419 562 36 cells cell NNS 35419 562 37 , , , 35419 562 38 called call VBN 35419 562 39 summer summer NN 35419 562 40 wood wood NN 35419 562 41 . . . 35419 563 1 During during IN 35419 563 2 the the DT 35419 563 3 winter winter NN 35419 563 4 the the DT 35419 563 5 trees tree NNS 35419 563 6 rest rest VBP 35419 563 7 , , , 35419 563 8 and and CC 35419 563 9 no no DT 35419 563 10 development development NN 35419 563 11 takes take VBZ 35419 563 12 place place NN 35419 563 13 until until IN 35419 563 14 spring spring NN 35419 563 15 , , , 35419 563 16 when when WRB 35419 563 17 the the DT 35419 563 18 large large JJ 35419 563 19 thin thin JJ 35419 563 20 - - HYPH 35419 563 21 walled walled JJ 35419 563 22 cells cell NNS 35419 563 23 are be VBP 35419 563 24 formed form VBN 35419 563 25 again again RB 35419 563 26 , , , 35419 563 27 making make VBG 35419 563 28 a a DT 35419 563 29 sharp sharp JJ 35419 563 30 contrast contrast NN 35419 563 31 with with IN 35419 563 32 those those DT 35419 563 33 formed form VBN 35419 563 34 at at IN 35419 563 35 the the DT 35419 563 36 end end NN 35419 563 37 of of IN 35419 563 38 the the DT 35419 563 39 previous previous JJ 35419 563 40 season season NN 35419 563 41 . . . 35419 564 1 It -PRON- PRP 35419 564 2 is be VBZ 35419 564 3 only only RB 35419 564 4 at at IN 35419 564 5 the the DT 35419 564 6 tips tip NNS 35419 564 7 of of IN 35419 564 8 the the DT 35419 564 9 branches branch NNS 35419 564 10 that that WDT 35419 564 11 the the DT 35419 564 12 cambium cambium NN 35419 564 13 cells cell NNS 35419 564 14 grow grow VBP 35419 564 15 much much JJ 35419 564 16 in in IN 35419 564 17 length length NN 35419 564 18 ; ; : 35419 564 19 so so IN 35419 564 20 that that IN 35419 564 21 if if IN 35419 564 22 a a DT 35419 564 23 nail nail NN 35419 564 24 were be VBD 35419 564 25 driven drive VBN 35419 564 26 into into IN 35419 564 27 a a DT 35419 564 28 tree tree NN 35419 564 29 twenty twenty CD 35419 564 30 years year NNS 35419 564 31 old old JJ 35419 564 32 at at IN 35419 564 33 , , , 35419 564 34 say say UH 35419 564 35 , , , 35419 564 36 four four CD 35419 564 37 feet foot NNS 35419 564 38 from from IN 35419 564 39 the the DT 35419 564 40 ground ground NN 35419 564 41 , , , 35419 564 42 it -PRON- PRP 35419 564 43 would would MD 35419 564 44 still still RB 35419 564 45 be be VB 35419 564 46 four four CD 35419 564 47 feet foot NNS 35419 564 48 from from IN 35419 564 49 the the DT 35419 564 50 ground ground NN 35419 564 51 one one CD 35419 564 52 hundred hundred CD 35419 564 53 years year NNS 35419 564 54 later later RB 35419 564 55 . . . 35419 565 1 Looking look VBG 35419 565 2 once once RB 35419 565 3 more more JJR 35419 565 4 at at IN 35419 565 5 the the DT 35419 565 6 cross cross NN 35419 565 7 - - NN 35419 565 8 section section NN 35419 565 9 , , , 35419 565 10 say say VB 35419 565 11 , , , 35419 565 12 of of IN 35419 565 13 spruce spruce NN 35419 565 14 , , , 35419 565 15 the the DT 35419 565 16 inner inner JJ 35419 565 17 portion portion NN 35419 565 18 of of IN 35419 565 19 each each DT 35419 565 20 ring ring NN 35419 565 21 is be VBZ 35419 565 22 lighter light JJR 35419 565 23 in in IN 35419 565 24 color color NN 35419 565 25 and and CC 35419 565 26 softer soft JJR 35419 565 27 in in IN 35419 565 28 texture texture NN 35419 565 29 than than IN 35419 565 30 the the DT 35419 565 31 outer outer JJ 35419 565 32 portion portion NN 35419 565 33 . . . 35419 566 1 On on IN 35419 566 2 a a DT 35419 566 3 radial radial JJ 35419 566 4 or or CC 35419 566 5 tangential tangential JJ 35419 566 6 section section NN 35419 566 7 , , , 35419 566 8 one one NN 35419 566 9 's 's POS 35419 566 10 finger finger NN 35419 566 11 nail nail NN 35419 566 12 can can MD 35419 566 13 easily easily RB 35419 566 14 indent indent VB 35419 566 15 the the DT 35419 566 16 inner inner JJ 35419 566 17 portion portion NN 35419 566 18 of of IN 35419 566 19 the the DT 35419 566 20 ring ring NN 35419 566 21 , , , 35419 566 22 tho tho VB 35419 566 23 the the DT 35419 566 24 outer outer JJ 35419 566 25 dark dark JJ 35419 566 26 part part NN 35419 566 27 of of IN 35419 566 28 the the DT 35419 566 29 ring ring NN 35419 566 30 may may MD 35419 566 31 be be VB 35419 566 32 very very RB 35419 566 33 hard hard JJ 35419 566 34 . . . 35419 567 1 The the DT 35419 567 2 inner inner JJ 35419 567 3 , , , 35419 567 4 light light JJ 35419 567 5 , , , 35419 567 6 soft soft JJ 35419 567 7 portion portion NN 35419 567 8 of of IN 35419 567 9 the the DT 35419 567 10 ring ring NN 35419 567 11 is be VBZ 35419 567 12 the the DT 35419 567 13 part part NN 35419 567 14 that that WDT 35419 567 15 grows grow VBZ 35419 567 16 in in IN 35419 567 17 the the DT 35419 567 18 spring spring NN 35419 567 19 and and CC 35419 567 20 early early JJ 35419 567 21 summer summer NN 35419 567 22 , , , 35419 567 23 and and CC 35419 567 24 is be VBZ 35419 567 25 called call VBN 35419 567 26 the the DT 35419 567 27 " " `` 35419 567 28 spring spring NN 35419 567 29 wood wood NN 35419 567 30 " " '' 35419 567 31 while while IN 35419 567 32 the the DT 35419 567 33 part part NN 35419 567 34 that that WDT 35419 567 35 grows grow VBZ 35419 567 36 later later RB 35419 567 37 in in IN 35419 567 38 the the DT 35419 567 39 season season NN 35419 567 40 is be VBZ 35419 567 41 called call VBN 35419 567 42 " " `` 35419 567 43 summer summer NN 35419 567 44 wood wood NN 35419 567 45 . . . 35419 567 46 " " '' 35419 568 1 As as IN 35419 568 2 the the DT 35419 568 3 summer summer NN 35419 568 4 wood wood NN 35419 568 5 is be VBZ 35419 568 6 hard hard JJ 35419 568 7 and and CC 35419 568 8 heavy heavy JJ 35419 568 9 , , , 35419 568 10 it -PRON- PRP 35419 568 11 largely largely RB 35419 568 12 determines determine VBZ 35419 568 13 the the DT 35419 568 14 strength strength NN 35419 568 15 and and CC 35419 568 16 weight weight NN 35419 568 17 of of IN 35419 568 18 the the DT 35419 568 19 wood wood NN 35419 568 20 , , , 35419 568 21 so so IN 35419 568 22 that that IN 35419 568 23 as as IN 35419 568 24 a a DT 35419 568 25 rule rule NN 35419 568 26 , , , 35419 568 27 the the DT 35419 568 28 greater great JJR 35419 568 29 the the DT 35419 568 30 proportion proportion NN 35419 568 31 of of IN 35419 568 32 the the DT 35419 568 33 summer summer NN 35419 568 34 growth growth NN 35419 568 35 , , , 35419 568 36 the the DT 35419 568 37 better well JJR 35419 568 38 the the DT 35419 568 39 wood wood NN 35419 568 40 . . . 35419 569 1 This this DT 35419 569 2 can can MD 35419 569 3 be be VB 35419 569 4 controlled control VBN 35419 569 5 to to IN 35419 569 6 some some DT 35419 569 7 extent extent NN 35419 569 8 by by IN 35419 569 9 proper proper JJ 35419 569 10 forestry forestry NN 35419 569 11 methods method NNS 35419 569 12 , , , 35419 569 13 as as IN 35419 569 14 is be VBZ 35419 569 15 done do VBN 35419 569 16 in in IN 35419 569 17 European european JJ 35419 569 18 larch larch NN 35419 569 19 forests forest NNS 35419 569 20 , , , 35419 569 21 by by IN 35419 569 22 " " `` 35419 569 23 underplanting underplante VBG 35419 569 24 " " '' 35419 569 25 them -PRON- PRP 35419 569 26 with with IN 35419 569 27 beech beech NN 35419 569 28 . . . 35419 570 1 In in IN 35419 570 2 a a DT 35419 570 3 normal normal JJ 35419 570 4 tree tree NN 35419 570 5 , , , 35419 570 6 the the DT 35419 570 7 summer summer NN 35419 570 8 growth growth NN 35419 570 9 forms form VBZ 35419 570 10 a a DT 35419 570 11 greater great JJR 35419 570 12 proportion proportion NN 35419 570 13 of of IN 35419 570 14 the the DT 35419 570 15 wood wood NN 35419 570 16 formed form VBN 35419 570 17 during during IN 35419 570 18 the the DT 35419 570 19 period period NN 35419 570 20 of of IN 35419 570 21 thriftiest thriftiest NN 35419 570 22 growth growth NN 35419 570 23 , , , 35419 570 24 so so IN 35419 570 25 that that IN 35419 570 26 in in IN 35419 570 27 neither neither DT 35419 570 28 youth youth NN 35419 570 29 nor nor CC 35419 570 30 old old JJ 35419 570 31 age age NN 35419 570 32 , , , 35419 570 33 is be VBZ 35419 570 34 there there EX 35419 570 35 so so RB 35419 570 36 great great JJ 35419 570 37 a a DT 35419 570 38 proportion proportion NN 35419 570 39 of of IN 35419 570 40 summer summer NN 35419 570 41 wood wood NN 35419 570 42 as as IN 35419 570 43 in in IN 35419 570 44 middle middle JJ 35419 570 45 age age NN 35419 570 46 . . . 35419 571 1 It -PRON- PRP 35419 571 2 will will MD 35419 571 3 help help VB 35419 571 4 to to TO 35419 571 5 make make VB 35419 571 6 clear clear JJ 35419 571 7 the the DT 35419 571 8 general general JJ 35419 571 9 structure structure NN 35419 571 10 of of IN 35419 571 11 wood wood NN 35419 571 12 if if IN 35419 571 13 one one CD 35419 571 14 imagines imagine VBZ 35419 571 15 the the DT 35419 571 16 trunk trunk NN 35419 571 17 of of IN 35419 571 18 a a DT 35419 571 19 tree tree NN 35419 571 20 to to TO 35419 571 21 consist consist VB 35419 571 22 of of IN 35419 571 23 a a DT 35419 571 24 bundle bundle NN 35419 571 25 of of IN 35419 571 26 rubber rubber NN 35419 571 27 tubes tube NNS 35419 571 28 crushed crush VBN 35419 571 29 together together RB 35419 571 30 , , , 35419 571 31 so so IN 35419 571 32 that that IN 35419 571 33 they -PRON- PRP 35419 571 34 assume assume VBP 35419 571 35 angular angular JJ 35419 571 36 shapes shape NNS 35419 571 37 and and CC 35419 571 38 have have VBP 35419 571 39 no no DT 35419 571 40 spaces space NNS 35419 571 41 between between IN 35419 571 42 them -PRON- PRP 35419 571 43 . . . 35419 572 1 If if IN 35419 572 2 the the DT 35419 572 3 tubes tube NNS 35419 572 4 are be VBP 35419 572 5 laid lay VBN 35419 572 6 in in IN 35419 572 7 concentric concentric JJ 35419 572 8 layers layer NNS 35419 572 9 , , , 35419 572 10 first first RB 35419 572 11 a a DT 35419 572 12 layer layer NN 35419 572 13 which which WDT 35419 572 14 has have VBZ 35419 572 15 thin thin JJ 35419 572 16 walls wall NNS 35419 572 17 , , , 35419 572 18 then then RB 35419 572 19 successive successive JJ 35419 572 20 layers layer NNS 35419 572 21 having have VBG 35419 572 22 thicker thick JJR 35419 572 23 and and CC 35419 572 24 thicker thick JJR 35419 572 25 walls wall NNS 35419 572 26 , , , 35419 572 27 then then RB 35419 572 28 suddenly suddenly RB 35419 572 29 a a DT 35419 572 30 layer layer NN 35419 572 31 of of IN 35419 572 32 thin thin JJ 35419 572 33 - - HYPH 35419 572 34 walled walled JJ 35419 572 35 tubes tube NNS 35419 572 36 and and CC 35419 572 37 increasing increase VBG 35419 572 38 again again RB 35419 572 39 to to IN 35419 572 40 thick thick JJ 35419 572 41 - - HYPH 35419 572 42 walled walled JJ 35419 572 43 ones one NNS 35419 572 44 and and CC 35419 572 45 so so RB 35419 572 46 on on RB 35419 572 47 , , , 35419 572 48 such such PDT 35419 572 49 an an DT 35419 572 50 arrangement arrangement NN 35419 572 51 would would MD 35419 572 52 represent represent VB 35419 572 53 the the DT 35419 572 54 successive successive JJ 35419 572 55 annual annual JJ 35419 572 56 " " `` 35419 572 57 rings ring NNS 35419 572 58 " " '' 35419 572 59 of of IN 35419 572 60 conifers conifer NNS 35419 572 61 . . . 35419 573 1 _ _ NNP 35419 573 2 The the DT 35419 573 3 medullary medullary JJ 35419 573 4 rays ray NNS 35419 573 5 . . . 35419 573 6 _ _ NNP 35419 573 7 While while IN 35419 573 8 most most JJS 35419 573 9 of of IN 35419 573 10 the the DT 35419 573 11 elements element NNS 35419 573 12 in in IN 35419 573 13 wood wood NN 35419 573 14 run run VBP 35419 573 15 longitudinally longitudinally RB 35419 573 16 in in IN 35419 573 17 the the DT 35419 573 18 log log NN 35419 573 19 , , , 35419 573 20 it -PRON- PRP 35419 573 21 is be VBZ 35419 573 22 also also RB 35419 573 23 to to TO 35419 573 24 be be VB 35419 573 25 noted note VBN 35419 573 26 that that IN 35419 573 27 running run VBG 35419 573 28 at at IN 35419 573 29 right right JJ 35419 573 30 angles angle NNS 35419 573 31 to to IN 35419 573 32 these these DT 35419 573 33 and and CC 35419 573 34 radially radially VB 35419 573 35 to to IN 35419 573 36 the the DT 35419 573 37 log log NN 35419 573 38 , , , 35419 573 39 are be VBP 35419 573 40 other other JJ 35419 573 41 groups group NNS 35419 573 42 of of IN 35419 573 43 cells cell NNS 35419 573 44 called call VBN 35419 573 45 pith pith NNP 35419 573 46 rays ray NNS 35419 573 47 or or CC 35419 573 48 medullary medullary JJ 35419 573 49 rays ray NNS 35419 573 50 ( ( -LRB- 35419 573 51 Latin Latin NNP 35419 573 52 , , , 35419 573 53 _ _ NNP 35419 573 54 medulla medulla NNP 35419 573 55 _ _ NNP 35419 573 56 , , , 35419 573 57 which which WDT 35419 573 58 means mean VBZ 35419 573 59 pith pith NNP 35419 573 60 ) ) -RRB- 35419 573 61 . . . 35419 574 1 These these DT 35419 574 2 are be VBP 35419 574 3 the the DT 35419 574 4 large large JJ 35419 574 5 " " `` 35419 574 6 silver silver NN 35419 574 7 flakes flake VBZ 35419 574 8 " " '' 35419 574 9 to to TO 35419 574 10 be be VB 35419 574 11 seen see VBN 35419 574 12 in in IN 35419 574 13 quartered quarter VBN 35419 574 14 oak oak NN 35419 574 15 , , , 35419 574 16 which which WDT 35419 574 17 give give VBP 35419 574 18 it -PRON- PRP 35419 574 19 its -PRON- PRP$ 35419 574 20 beautiful beautiful JJ 35419 574 21 and and CC 35419 574 22 distinctive distinctive JJ 35419 574 23 grain grain NN 35419 574 24 , , , 35419 574 25 Fig Fig NNP 35419 574 26 . . . 35419 575 1 32 32 CD 35419 575 2 , , , 35419 575 3 p. p. NN 35419 575 4 38 38 CD 35419 575 5 . . . 35419 576 1 They -PRON- PRP 35419 576 2 appear appear VBP 35419 576 3 as as RB 35419 576 4 long long JJ 35419 576 5 , , , 35419 576 6 grayish grayish NN 35419 576 7 lines line NNS 35419 576 8 on on IN 35419 576 9 a a DT 35419 576 10 cross cross JJ 35419 576 11 - - NN 35419 576 12 section section NN 35419 576 13 , , , 35419 576 14 as as IN 35419 576 15 broad broad JJ 35419 576 16 , , , 35419 576 17 shining shine VBG 35419 576 18 bands band NNS 35419 576 19 on on IN 35419 576 20 the the DT 35419 576 21 radial radial JJ 35419 576 22 section section NN 35419 576 23 , , , 35419 576 24 and and CC 35419 576 25 as as IN 35419 576 26 short short JJ 35419 576 27 , , , 35419 576 28 thick thick JJ 35419 576 29 lines line NNS 35419 576 30 tapering taper VBG 35419 576 31 at at IN 35419 576 32 each each DT 35419 576 33 end end NN 35419 576 34 on on IN 35419 576 35 the the DT 35419 576 36 tangential tangential JJ 35419 576 37 section section NN 35419 576 38 . . . 35419 577 1 In in IN 35419 577 2 other other JJ 35419 577 3 words word NNS 35419 577 4 , , , 35419 577 5 they -PRON- PRP 35419 577 6 are be VBP 35419 577 7 like like IN 35419 577 8 flat flat JJ 35419 577 9 , , , 35419 577 10 rectangular rectangular JJ 35419 577 11 plates plate NNS 35419 577 12 standing stand VBG 35419 577 13 on on IN 35419 577 14 edge edge NN 35419 577 15 and and CC 35419 577 16 radiating radiating NN 35419 577 17 lengthwise lengthwise RB 35419 577 18 from from IN 35419 577 19 the the DT 35419 577 20 center center NN 35419 577 21 of of IN 35419 577 22 the the DT 35419 577 23 tree tree NN 35419 577 24 . . . 35419 578 1 They -PRON- PRP 35419 578 2 vary vary VBP 35419 578 3 greatly greatly RB 35419 578 4 in in IN 35419 578 5 size size NN 35419 578 6 in in IN 35419 578 7 different different JJ 35419 578 8 woods wood NNS 35419 578 9 . . . 35419 579 1 In in IN 35419 579 2 sycamore sycamore NN 35419 579 3 they -PRON- PRP 35419 579 4 are be VBP 35419 579 5 very very RB 35419 579 6 prominent prominent JJ 35419 579 7 , , , 35419 579 8 Fig Fig NNP 35419 579 9 . . . 35419 580 1 13 13 CD 35419 580 2 . . . 35419 581 1 In in IN 35419 581 2 oak oak NN 35419 581 3 they -PRON- PRP 35419 581 4 are be VBP 35419 581 5 often often RB 35419 581 6 several several JJ 35419 581 7 hundred hundred CD 35419 581 8 cells cell NNS 35419 581 9 wide wide JJ 35419 581 10 ( ( -LRB- 35419 581 11 _ _ NNP 35419 581 12 i.e. i.e. FW 35419 581 13 _ _ NNP 35419 581 14 , , , 35419 581 15 up up RB 35419 581 16 and and CC 35419 581 17 down down RB 35419 581 18 in in IN 35419 581 19 the the DT 35419 581 20 tree tree NN 35419 581 21 ) ) -RRB- 35419 581 22 . . . 35419 582 1 This this DT 35419 582 2 may may MD 35419 582 3 amount amount VB 35419 582 4 to to IN 35419 582 5 an an DT 35419 582 6 inch inch NN 35419 582 7 or or CC 35419 582 8 two two CD 35419 582 9 . . . 35419 583 1 They -PRON- PRP 35419 583 2 are be VBP 35419 583 3 often often RB 35419 583 4 twenty twenty CD 35419 583 5 cells cell NNS 35419 583 6 thick thick JJ 35419 583 7 , , , 35419 583 8 tapering taper VBG 35419 583 9 to to IN 35419 583 10 one one CD 35419 583 11 cell cell NN 35419 583 12 at at IN 35419 583 13 the the DT 35419 583 14 edge edge NN 35419 583 15 . . . 35419 584 1 In in IN 35419 584 2 oak oak NN 35419 584 3 very very RB 35419 584 4 many many JJ 35419 584 5 are be VBP 35419 584 6 also also RB 35419 584 7 small small JJ 35419 584 8 , , , 35419 584 9 even even RB 35419 584 10 microscopic microscopic JJ 35419 584 11 . . . 35419 585 1 But but CC 35419 585 2 in in IN 35419 585 3 the the DT 35419 585 4 conifers conifer NNS 35419 585 5 and and CC 35419 585 6 also also RB 35419 585 7 in in IN 35419 585 8 some some DT 35419 585 9 of of IN 35419 585 10 the the DT 35419 585 11 broad broad RB 35419 585 12 - - HYPH 35419 585 13 leaved leave VBN 35419 585 14 trees tree NNS 35419 585 15 , , , 35419 585 16 altho altho NN 35419 585 17 they -PRON- PRP 35419 585 18 can can MD 35419 585 19 be be VB 35419 585 20 discerned discern VBN 35419 585 21 with with IN 35419 585 22 the the DT 35419 585 23 naked naked JJ 35419 585 24 eye eye NN 35419 585 25 on on IN 35419 585 26 a a DT 35419 585 27 split split JJ 35419 585 28 radial radial JJ 35419 585 29 surface surface NN 35419 585 30 , , , 35419 585 31 still still RB 35419 585 32 they -PRON- PRP 35419 585 33 are be VBP 35419 585 34 all all DT 35419 585 35 very very RB 35419 585 36 small small JJ 35419 585 37 . . . 35419 586 1 In in IN 35419 586 2 pine pine NN 35419 586 3 there there EX 35419 586 4 are be VBP 35419 586 5 some some RB 35419 586 6 15,000 15,000 CD 35419 586 7 of of IN 35419 586 8 them -PRON- PRP 35419 586 9 to to IN 35419 586 10 a a DT 35419 586 11 square square JJ 35419 586 12 inch inch NN 35419 586 13 of of IN 35419 586 14 a a DT 35419 586 15 tangential tangential JJ 35419 586 16 section section NN 35419 586 17 . . . 35419 587 1 They -PRON- PRP 35419 587 2 are be VBP 35419 587 3 to to TO 35419 587 4 be be VB 35419 587 5 found find VBN 35419 587 6 in in IN 35419 587 7 all all DT 35419 587 8 exogens exogen NNS 35419 587 9 . . . 35419 588 1 In in IN 35419 588 2 a a DT 35419 588 3 cross cross JJ 35419 588 4 - - NN 35419 588 5 section section NN 35419 588 6 , , , 35419 588 7 say say VBP 35419 588 8 of of IN 35419 588 9 oak oak NN 35419 588 10 , , , 35419 588 11 Fig Fig NNP 35419 588 12 . . . 35419 589 1 14 14 CD 35419 589 2 , , , 35419 589 3 it -PRON- PRP 35419 589 4 can can MD 35419 589 5 readily readily RB 35419 589 6 be be VB 35419 589 7 seen see VBN 35419 589 8 that that IN 35419 589 9 some some DT 35419 589 10 pith pith NNP 35419 589 11 rays ray NNS 35419 589 12 begin begin VBP 35419 589 13 at at IN 35419 589 14 the the DT 35419 589 15 center center NN 35419 589 16 of of IN 35419 589 17 the the DT 35419 589 18 tree tree NN 35419 589 19 and and CC 35419 589 20 some some DT 35419 589 21 farther farther RB 35419 589 22 out out RB 35419 589 23 . . . 35419 590 1 Those those DT 35419 590 2 that that WDT 35419 590 3 start start VBP 35419 590 4 from from IN 35419 590 5 the the DT 35419 590 6 pith pith NNS 35419 590 7 are be VBP 35419 590 8 formed form VBN 35419 590 9 the the DT 35419 590 10 first first JJ 35419 590 11 year year NN 35419 590 12 and and CC 35419 590 13 are be VBP 35419 590 14 called call VBN 35419 590 15 primary primary JJ 35419 590 16 pith pith NNP 35419 590 17 rays ray NNS 35419 590 18 , , , 35419 590 19 while while IN 35419 590 20 those those DT 35419 590 21 that that WDT 35419 590 22 begin begin VBP 35419 590 23 in in IN 35419 590 24 a a DT 35419 590 25 subsequent subsequent JJ 35419 590 26 year year NN 35419 590 27 , , , 35419 590 28 starting start VBG 35419 590 29 at at IN 35419 590 30 the the DT 35419 590 31 cambium cambium NN 35419 590 32 of of IN 35419 590 33 that that DT 35419 590 34 year year NN 35419 590 35 , , , 35419 590 36 are be VBP 35419 590 37 called call VBN 35419 590 38 secondary secondary JJ 35419 590 39 rays ray NNS 35419 590 40 . . . 35419 591 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 591 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 591 3 : : : 35419 591 4 Fig Fig NNP 35419 591 5 . . . 35419 592 1 13 13 CD 35419 592 2 . . . 35419 593 1 Tangential Tangential NNP 35419 593 2 Section Section NNP 35419 593 3 of of IN 35419 593 4 Sycamore Sycamore NNP 35419 593 5 , , , 35419 593 6 Magnified Magnified NNP 35419 593 7 37 37 CD 35419 593 8 Diameters Diameters NNPS 35419 593 9 . . . 35419 594 1 Note note VB 35419 594 2 the the DT 35419 594 3 large large JJ 35419 594 4 size size NN 35419 594 5 of of IN 35419 594 6 the the DT 35419 594 7 pith pith NNP 35419 594 8 rays ray NNS 35419 594 9 , , , 35419 594 10 A a NN 35419 594 11 , , , 35419 594 12 A a DT 35419 594 13 ( ( -LRB- 35419 594 14 end end NN 35419 594 15 view view NN 35419 594 16 ) ) -RRB- 35419 594 17 . . . 35419 594 18 ] ] -RRB- 35419 595 1 The the DT 35419 595 2 function function NN 35419 595 3 of of IN 35419 595 4 the the DT 35419 595 5 pith pith NNP 35419 595 6 rays ray NNS 35419 595 7 is be VBZ 35419 595 8 twofold twofold JJ 35419 595 9 . . . 35419 596 1 ( ( -LRB- 35419 596 2 1 1 LS 35419 596 3 ) ) -RRB- 35419 596 4 They -PRON- PRP 35419 596 5 transfer transfer VBP 35419 596 6 formative formative JJ 35419 596 7 material material NN 35419 596 8 from from IN 35419 596 9 one one CD 35419 596 10 part part NN 35419 596 11 of of IN 35419 596 12 a a DT 35419 596 13 stem stem NN 35419 596 14 to to IN 35419 596 15 another another DT 35419 596 16 , , , 35419 596 17 communicating communicate VBG 35419 596 18 with with IN 35419 596 19 both both DT 35419 596 20 wood wood NN 35419 596 21 and and CC 35419 596 22 bark bark NN 35419 596 23 by by IN 35419 596 24 means mean NNS 35419 596 25 of of IN 35419 596 26 the the DT 35419 596 27 simple simple JJ 35419 596 28 and and CC 35419 596 29 bordered bordered JJ 35419 596 30 pits pit NNS 35419 596 31 in in IN 35419 596 32 them -PRON- PRP 35419 596 33 , , , 35419 596 34 and and CC 35419 596 35 ( ( -LRB- 35419 596 36 2 2 LS 35419 596 37 ) ) -RRB- 35419 596 38 they -PRON- PRP 35419 596 39 bind bind VBP 35419 596 40 the the DT 35419 596 41 trunk trunk NN 35419 596 42 together together RB 35419 596 43 from from IN 35419 596 44 pith pith NNP 35419 596 45 to to TO 35419 596 46 bark bark VB 35419 596 47 . . . 35419 597 1 On on IN 35419 597 2 the the DT 35419 597 3 other other JJ 35419 597 4 hand hand NN 35419 597 5 their -PRON- PRP$ 35419 597 6 presence presence NN 35419 597 7 makes make VBZ 35419 597 8 it -PRON- PRP 35419 597 9 easier easy JJR 35419 597 10 for for IN 35419 597 11 the the DT 35419 597 12 wood wood NN 35419 597 13 to to TO 35419 597 14 split split VB 35419 597 15 radially radially NN 35419 597 16 . . . 35419 598 1 The the DT 35419 598 2 substance substance NN 35419 598 3 of of IN 35419 598 4 which which WDT 35419 598 5 they -PRON- PRP 35419 598 6 are be VBP 35419 598 7 composed compose VBN 35419 598 8 is be VBZ 35419 598 9 " " `` 35419 598 10 parenchyma parenchyma NN 35419 598 11 " " '' 35419 598 12 ( ( -LRB- 35419 598 13 Greek Greek NNP 35419 598 14 , , , 35419 598 15 _ _ NNP 35419 598 16 beside beside IN 35419 598 17 _ _ NNP 35419 598 18 , , , 35419 598 19 to to IN 35419 598 20 _ _ NNP 35419 598 21 pour pour NNP 35419 598 22 _ _ NNP 35419 598 23 ) ) -RRB- 35419 598 24 , , , 35419 598 25 which which WDT 35419 598 26 also also RB 35419 598 27 constitutes constitute VBZ 35419 598 28 the the DT 35419 598 29 pith pith NNP 35419 598 30 , , , 35419 598 31 the the DT 35419 598 32 rays ray NNS 35419 598 33 forming form VBG 35419 598 34 a a DT 35419 598 35 sort sort NN 35419 598 36 of of IN 35419 598 37 connecting connect VBG 35419 598 38 link link NN 35419 598 39 between between IN 35419 598 40 the the DT 35419 598 41 first first JJ 35419 598 42 and and CC 35419 598 43 last last JJ 35419 598 44 growth growth NN 35419 598 45 of of IN 35419 598 46 the the DT 35419 598 47 tree tree NN 35419 598 48 , , , 35419 598 49 as as IN 35419 598 50 the the DT 35419 598 51 cambium cambium NN 35419 598 52 cells cell NNS 35419 598 53 form form VBP 35419 598 54 new new JJ 35419 598 55 wood wood NN 35419 598 56 each each DT 35419 598 57 year year NN 35419 598 58 . . . 35419 599 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 599 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 599 3 : : : 35419 599 4 Fig Fig NNP 35419 599 5 . . . 35419 600 1 14 14 CD 35419 600 2 Cross cross NN 35419 600 3 - - NN 35419 600 4 section section NN 35419 600 5 of of IN 35419 600 6 White White NNP 35419 600 7 Oak Oak NNP 35419 600 8 . . . 35419 601 1 The the DT 35419 601 2 Radiating Radiating NNP 35419 601 3 White White NNP 35419 601 4 Lines Lines NNPS 35419 601 5 are be VBP 35419 601 6 the the DT 35419 601 7 Pith Pith NNP 35419 601 8 Rays Rays NNPS 35419 601 9 . . . 35419 601 10 ] ] -RRB- 35419 602 1 If if IN 35419 602 2 a a DT 35419 602 3 cambium cambium NN 35419 602 4 cell cell NN 35419 602 5 is be VBZ 35419 602 6 opposite opposite JJ 35419 602 7 to to IN 35419 602 8 a a DT 35419 602 9 pith pith NNP 35419 602 10 ray ray NN 35419 602 11 , , , 35419 602 12 it -PRON- PRP 35419 602 13 divides divide VBZ 35419 602 14 crosswise crosswise NN 35419 602 15 ( ( -LRB- 35419 602 16 transversely transversely RB 35419 602 17 ) ) -RRB- 35419 602 18 into into IN 35419 602 19 eight eight CD 35419 602 20 or or CC 35419 602 21 ten ten CD 35419 602 22 cells cell NNS 35419 602 23 one one CD 35419 602 24 above above IN 35419 602 25 another another DT 35419 602 26 , , , 35419 602 27 which which WDT 35419 602 28 stretch stretch VBP 35419 602 29 out out RP 35419 602 30 radially radially NNP 35419 602 31 , , , 35419 602 32 retaining retain VBG 35419 602 33 their -PRON- PRP$ 35419 602 34 protoplasm protoplasm NN 35419 602 35 , , , 35419 602 36 and and CC 35419 602 37 so so RB 35419 602 38 continue continue VB 35419 602 39 the the DT 35419 602 40 pith pith NNP 35419 602 41 ray ray NNP 35419 602 42 . . . 35419 603 1 As as IN 35419 603 2 the the DT 35419 603 3 tree tree NN 35419 603 4 grows grow VBZ 35419 603 5 larger large JJR 35419 603 6 , , , 35419 603 7 new new JJ 35419 603 8 , , , 35419 603 9 or or CC 35419 603 10 secondary secondary JJ 35419 603 11 medullary medullary JJ 35419 603 12 rays ray NNS 35419 603 13 start start VBP 35419 603 14 from from IN 35419 603 15 the the DT 35419 603 16 cambium cambium NN 35419 603 17 then then RB 35419 603 18 active active JJ 35419 603 19 , , , 35419 603 20 so so IN 35419 603 21 that that IN 35419 603 22 every every DT 35419 603 23 year year NN 35419 603 24 new new JJ 35419 603 25 rays ray NNS 35419 603 26 are be VBP 35419 603 27 formed form VBN 35419 603 28 both both CC 35419 603 29 thinner thin JJR 35419 603 30 and and CC 35419 603 31 shorter short JJR 35419 603 32 than than IN 35419 603 33 the the DT 35419 603 34 primary primary JJ 35419 603 35 rays ray NNS 35419 603 36 , , , 35419 603 37 Fig Fig NNP 35419 603 38 . . . 35419 604 1 14 14 CD 35419 604 2 . . . 35419 605 1 Now now RB 35419 605 2 suppose suppose VB 35419 605 3 that that WDT 35419 605 4 laid lay VBD 35419 605 5 among among IN 35419 605 6 the the DT 35419 605 7 ordinary ordinary JJ 35419 605 8 thin thin JJ 35419 605 9 - - HYPH 35419 605 10 walled walled JJ 35419 605 11 tubes tube NNS 35419 605 12 were be VBD 35419 605 13 quite quite RB 35419 605 14 large large JJ 35419 605 15 tubes tube NNS 35419 605 16 , , , 35419 605 17 so so IN 35419 605 18 that that IN 35419 605 19 one one PRP 35419 605 20 could could MD 35419 605 21 tell tell VB 35419 605 22 the the DT 35419 605 23 " " `` 35419 605 24 ring ring NN 35419 605 25 " " '' 35419 605 26 not not RB 35419 605 27 only only RB 35419 605 28 by by IN 35419 605 29 the the DT 35419 605 30 thin thin JJ 35419 605 31 walls wall NNS 35419 605 32 but but CC 35419 605 33 by by IN 35419 605 34 the the DT 35419 605 35 presence presence NN 35419 605 36 of of IN 35419 605 37 large large JJ 35419 605 38 tubes tube NNS 35419 605 39 . . . 35419 606 1 That that DT 35419 606 2 would would MD 35419 606 3 represent represent VB 35419 606 4 the the DT 35419 606 5 ring ring NN 35419 606 6 - - HYPH 35419 606 7 porous porous JJ 35419 606 8 woods wood NNS 35419 606 9 , , , 35419 606 10 and and CC 35419 606 11 the the DT 35419 606 12 large large JJ 35419 606 13 tubes tube NNS 35419 606 14 would would MD 35419 606 15 be be VB 35419 606 16 called call VBN 35419 606 17 vessels vessel NNS 35419 606 18 , , , 35419 606 19 or or CC 35419 606 20 _ _ NNP 35419 606 21 tracheà tracheà NNP 35419 606 22 ¦ ¦ : 35419 606 23 _ _ NNP 35419 606 24 . . . 35419 607 1 Suppose suppose VB 35419 607 2 again again RB 35419 607 3 that that IN 35419 607 4 these these DT 35419 607 5 large large JJ 35419 607 6 tubes tube NNS 35419 607 7 were be VBD 35419 607 8 scattered scatter VBN 35419 607 9 in in IN 35419 607 10 disorder disorder NN 35419 607 11 thru thru IN 35419 607 12 the the DT 35419 607 13 layers layer NNS 35419 607 14 . . . 35419 608 1 This this DT 35419 608 2 arrangement arrangement NN 35419 608 3 would would MD 35419 608 4 represent represent VB 35419 608 5 the the DT 35419 608 6 diffuse diffuse NN 35419 608 7 - - HYPH 35419 608 8 porous porous JJ 35419 608 9 woods wood NNS 35419 608 10 . . . 35419 609 1 By by IN 35419 609 2 holding hold VBG 35419 609 3 up up RP 35419 609 4 to to IN 35419 609 5 the the DT 35419 609 6 light light JJ 35419 609 7 , , , 35419 609 8 thin thin JJ 35419 609 9 cross cross NN 35419 609 10 - - NNS 35419 609 11 sections section NNS 35419 609 12 of of IN 35419 609 13 spruce spruce NN 35419 609 14 or or CC 35419 609 15 pine pine NN 35419 609 16 , , , 35419 609 17 Fig Fig NNP 35419 609 18 . . . 35419 610 1 15 15 CD 35419 610 2 , , , 35419 610 3 oak oak NN 35419 610 4 or or CC 35419 610 5 ash ash NN 35419 610 6 , , , 35419 610 7 Fig Fig NNP 35419 610 8 . . . 35419 611 1 16 16 CD 35419 611 2 , , , 35419 611 3 and and CC 35419 611 4 bass bass NN 35419 611 5 or or CC 35419 611 6 maple maple NN 35419 611 7 , , , 35419 611 8 Fig Fig NNP 35419 611 9 . . . 35419 612 1 17 17 CD 35419 612 2 , , , 35419 612 3 these these DT 35419 612 4 three three CD 35419 612 5 quite quite RB 35419 612 6 distinct distinct JJ 35419 612 7 arrangements arrangement NNS 35419 612 8 in in IN 35419 612 9 the the DT 35419 612 10 structure structure NN 35419 612 11 may may MD 35419 612 12 be be VB 35419 612 13 distinguished distinguish VBN 35419 612 14 . . . 35419 613 1 This this DT 35419 613 2 fact fact NN 35419 613 3 has have VBZ 35419 613 4 led lead VBN 35419 613 5 to to IN 35419 613 6 the the DT 35419 613 7 classification classification NN 35419 613 8 of of IN 35419 613 9 woods wood NNS 35419 613 10 according accord VBG 35419 613 11 to to IN 35419 613 12 the the DT 35419 613 13 presence presence NN 35419 613 14 and and CC 35419 613 15 distribution distribution NN 35419 613 16 of of IN 35419 613 17 " " `` 35419 613 18 pores pore NNS 35419 613 19 , , , 35419 613 20 " " '' 35419 613 21 or or CC 35419 613 22 as as IN 35419 613 23 they -PRON- PRP 35419 613 24 are be VBP 35419 613 25 technically technically RB 35419 613 26 called call VBN 35419 613 27 , , , 35419 613 28 " " `` 35419 613 29 vessels vessel NNS 35419 613 30 " " '' 35419 613 31 or or CC 35419 613 32 " " `` 35419 613 33 tracheae tracheae NN 35419 613 34 . . . 35419 613 35 " " '' 35419 614 1 By by IN 35419 614 2 this this DT 35419 614 3 classification classification NN 35419 614 4 we -PRON- PRP 35419 614 5 have have VBP 35419 614 6 : : : 35419 614 7 ( ( -LRB- 35419 614 8 1 1 LS 35419 614 9 ) ) -RRB- 35419 614 10 _ _ NNP 35419 614 11 Non non JJ 35419 614 12 - - JJ 35419 614 13 porous porous JJ 35419 614 14 _ _ NNP 35419 614 15 woods wood NNS 35419 614 16 , , , 35419 614 17 which which WDT 35419 614 18 comprise comprise VBP 35419 614 19 the the DT 35419 614 20 conifers conifer NNS 35419 614 21 , , , 35419 614 22 as as IN 35419 614 23 pine pine NN 35419 614 24 and and CC 35419 614 25 spruce spruce NN 35419 614 26 . . . 35419 615 1 ( ( -LRB- 35419 615 2 2 2 LS 35419 615 3 ) ) -RRB- 35419 615 4 _ _ NNP 35419 615 5 Ring Ring NNP 35419 615 6 - - HYPH 35419 615 7 porous porous JJ 35419 615 8 _ _ NNP 35419 615 9 woods wood NNS 35419 615 10 , , , 35419 615 11 in in IN 35419 615 12 which which WDT 35419 615 13 the the DT 35419 615 14 pores pore NNS 35419 615 15 appear appear VBP 35419 615 16 ( ( -LRB- 35419 615 17 in in IN 35419 615 18 a a DT 35419 615 19 cross cross JJ 35419 615 20 - - NN 35419 615 21 section section NN 35419 615 22 ) ) -RRB- 35419 615 23 in in IN 35419 615 24 concentric concentric JJ 35419 615 25 rings ring NNS 35419 615 26 , , , 35419 615 27 as as IN 35419 615 28 in in IN 35419 615 29 chestnut chestnut NN 35419 615 30 , , , 35419 615 31 ash ash NNP 35419 615 32 and and CC 35419 615 33 elm elm NNP 35419 615 34 . . . 35419 616 1 ( ( -LRB- 35419 616 2 3 3 LS 35419 616 3 ) ) -RRB- 35419 616 4 _ _ NNP 35419 616 5 Diffuse diffuse NN 35419 616 6 - - HYPH 35419 616 7 porous porous JJ 35419 616 8 _ _ NNP 35419 616 9 woods wood NNS 35419 616 10 , , , 35419 616 11 in in IN 35419 616 12 which which WDT 35419 616 13 ( ( -LRB- 35419 616 14 in in IN 35419 616 15 a a DT 35419 616 16 cross cross JJ 35419 616 17 - - NN 35419 616 18 section section NN 35419 616 19 ) ) -RRB- 35419 616 20 the the DT 35419 616 21 rings ring NNS 35419 616 22 are be VBP 35419 616 23 scattered scatter VBN 35419 616 24 irregularly irregularly RB 35419 616 25 thru thru IN 35419 616 26 the the DT 35419 616 27 wood wood NN 35419 616 28 , , , 35419 616 29 as as IN 35419 616 30 in in IN 35419 616 31 bass bass NN 35419 616 32 , , , 35419 616 33 maple maple NN 35419 616 34 and and CC 35419 616 35 yellow yellow JJ 35419 616 36 poplar poplar NN 35419 616 37 . . . 35419 617 1 In in IN 35419 617 2 order order NN 35419 617 3 to to TO 35419 617 4 fully fully RB 35419 617 5 understand understand VB 35419 617 6 the the DT 35419 617 7 structure structure NN 35419 617 8 of of IN 35419 617 9 wood wood NN 35419 617 10 , , , 35419 617 11 it -PRON- PRP 35419 617 12 is be VBZ 35419 617 13 necessary necessary JJ 35419 617 14 to to TO 35419 617 15 examine examine VB 35419 617 16 it -PRON- PRP 35419 617 17 still still RB 35419 617 18 more more RBR 35419 617 19 closely closely RB 35419 617 20 thru thru IN 35419 617 21 the the DT 35419 617 22 microscope microscope NN 35419 617 23 , , , 35419 617 24 and and CC 35419 617 25 since since IN 35419 617 26 the the DT 35419 617 27 three three CD 35419 617 28 classes class NNS 35419 617 29 of of IN 35419 617 30 wood wood NN 35419 617 31 , , , 35419 617 32 non non JJ 35419 617 33 - - JJ 35419 617 34 porous porous JJ 35419 617 35 , , , 35419 617 36 ring ring NN 35419 617 37 - - HYPH 35419 617 38 porous porous NN 35419 617 39 and and CC 35419 617 40 diffuse diffuse NN 35419 617 41 - - HYPH 35419 617 42 porous porous JJ 35419 617 43 , , , 35419 617 44 differ differ VBP 35419 617 45 considerably considerably RB 35419 617 46 in in IN 35419 617 47 their -PRON- PRP$ 35419 617 48 minute minute NN 35419 617 49 structure structure NN 35419 617 50 , , , 35419 617 51 it -PRON- PRP 35419 617 52 is be VBZ 35419 617 53 well well JJ 35419 617 54 to to TO 35419 617 55 consider consider VB 35419 617 56 them -PRON- PRP 35419 617 57 separately separately RB 35419 617 58 , , , 35419 617 59 taking take VBG 35419 617 60 the the DT 35419 617 61 simplest simple JJS 35419 617 62 first first JJ 35419 617 63 . . . 35419 618 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 618 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 618 3 : : : 35419 618 4 Fig Fig NNP 35419 618 5 . . . 35419 619 1 15 15 CD 35419 619 2 . . . 35419 620 1 Cross cross JJ 35419 620 2 - - NN 35419 620 3 section section NN 35419 620 4 of of IN 35419 620 5 Non non JJ 35419 620 6 - - JJ 35419 620 7 porous porous JJ 35419 620 8 Wood wood NN 35419 620 9 , , , 35419 620 10 White White NNP 35419 620 11 Pine Pine NNP 35419 620 12 , , , 35419 620 13 Full Full NNP 35419 620 14 Size Size NNP 35419 620 15 ( ( -LRB- 35419 620 16 top top RB 35419 620 17 toward toward IN 35419 620 18 pith pith NNP 35419 620 19 ) ) -RRB- 35419 620 20 . . . 35419 620 21 ] ] -RRB- 35419 621 1 _ _ NNP 35419 621 2 Non non JJ 35419 621 3 - - JJ 35419 621 4 porous porous JJ 35419 621 5 woods wood NNS 35419 621 6 . . . 35419 621 7 _ _ NNP 35419 621 8 In in IN 35419 621 9 examining examine VBG 35419 621 10 thru thru IN 35419 621 11 the the DT 35419 621 12 microscope microscope NN 35419 621 13 a a DT 35419 621 14 transverse transverse JJ 35419 621 15 section section NN 35419 621 16 of of IN 35419 621 17 white white JJ 35419 621 18 pine pine NN 35419 621 19 , , , 35419 621 20 Fig Fig NNP 35419 621 21 . . . 35419 622 1 18 18 CD 35419 622 2 : : : 35419 622 3 ( ( -LRB- 35419 622 4 1 1 LS 35419 622 5 ) ) -RRB- 35419 622 6 The the DT 35419 622 7 most most RBS 35419 622 8 noticeable noticeable JJ 35419 622 9 characteristic characteristic NN 35419 622 10 is be VBZ 35419 622 11 the the DT 35419 622 12 regularity regularity NN 35419 622 13 of of IN 35419 622 14 arrangement arrangement NN 35419 622 15 of of IN 35419 622 16 the the DT 35419 622 17 cells cell NNS 35419 622 18 . . . 35419 623 1 They -PRON- PRP 35419 623 2 are be VBP 35419 623 3 roughly roughly RB 35419 623 4 rectangular rectangular JJ 35419 623 5 and and CC 35419 623 6 arranged arrange VBN 35419 623 7 in in IN 35419 623 8 ranks rank NNS 35419 623 9 and and CC 35419 623 10 files file NNS 35419 623 11 . . . 35419 624 1 ( ( -LRB- 35419 624 2 2 2 LS 35419 624 3 ) ) -RRB- 35419 624 4 Another another DT 35419 624 5 noticeable noticeable JJ 35419 624 6 feature feature NN 35419 624 7 is be VBZ 35419 624 8 that that IN 35419 624 9 they -PRON- PRP 35419 624 10 are be VBP 35419 624 11 arranged arrange VBN 35419 624 12 in in IN 35419 624 13 belts belt NNS 35419 624 14 , , , 35419 624 15 the the DT 35419 624 16 thickness thickness NN 35419 624 17 of of IN 35419 624 18 their -PRON- PRP$ 35419 624 19 walls wall NNS 35419 624 20 gradually gradually RB 35419 624 21 increasing increase VBG 35419 624 22 as as IN 35419 624 23 the the DT 35419 624 24 size size NN 35419 624 25 of of IN 35419 624 26 the the DT 35419 624 27 cells cell NNS 35419 624 28 diminishes diminish VBZ 35419 624 29 . . . 35419 625 1 Then then RB 35419 625 2 the the DT 35419 625 3 large large JJ 35419 625 4 thin thin JJ 35419 625 5 - - HYPH 35419 625 6 walled walled JJ 35419 625 7 cells cell NNS 35419 625 8 suddenly suddenly RB 35419 625 9 begin begin VBP 35419 625 10 again again RB 35419 625 11 , , , 35419 625 12 and and CC 35419 625 13 so so RB 35419 625 14 on on RB 35419 625 15 . . . 35419 626 1 The the DT 35419 626 2 width width NN 35419 626 3 of of IN 35419 626 4 one one CD 35419 626 5 of of IN 35419 626 6 these these DT 35419 626 7 belts belt NNS 35419 626 8 is be VBZ 35419 626 9 the the DT 35419 626 10 amount amount NN 35419 626 11 of of IN 35419 626 12 a a DT 35419 626 13 single single JJ 35419 626 14 year year NN 35419 626 15 's 's POS 35419 626 16 growth growth NN 35419 626 17 , , , 35419 626 18 the the DT 35419 626 19 thin thin JJ 35419 626 20 - - HYPH 35419 626 21 walled walled JJ 35419 626 22 cells cell NNS 35419 626 23 being be VBG 35419 626 24 those those DT 35419 626 25 that that WDT 35419 626 26 formed form VBN 35419 626 27 in in IN 35419 626 28 spring spring NN 35419 626 29 , , , 35419 626 30 and and CC 35419 626 31 the the DT 35419 626 32 thick thick JJ 35419 626 33 - - HYPH 35419 626 34 walled walled JJ 35419 626 35 ones one NNS 35419 626 36 those those DT 35419 626 37 that that WDT 35419 626 38 formed form VBN 35419 626 39 in in IN 35419 626 40 summer summer NN 35419 626 41 , , , 35419 626 42 the the DT 35419 626 43 darker dark JJR 35419 626 44 color color NN 35419 626 45 of of IN 35419 626 46 the the DT 35419 626 47 summer summer NN 35419 626 48 wood wood NN 35419 626 49 as as RB 35419 626 50 well well RB 35419 626 51 as as IN 35419 626 52 its -PRON- PRP$ 35419 626 53 greater great JJR 35419 626 54 strength strength NN 35419 626 55 being be VBG 35419 626 56 caused cause VBN 35419 626 57 by by IN 35419 626 58 there there EX 35419 626 59 being be VBG 35419 626 60 more more JJR 35419 626 61 material material NN 35419 626 62 in in IN 35419 626 63 the the DT 35419 626 64 same same JJ 35419 626 65 volume volume NN 35419 626 66 . . . 35419 627 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 627 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 627 3 : : : 35419 627 4 Fig Fig NNP 35419 627 5 . . . 35419 628 1 16 16 CD 35419 628 2 . . . 35419 629 1 Cross cross JJ 35419 629 2 - - NN 35419 629 3 section section NN 35419 629 4 of of IN 35419 629 5 Ring ring NN 35419 629 6 - - HYPH 35419 629 7 porous porous JJ 35419 629 8 Wood wood NN 35419 629 9 , , , 35419 629 10 White White NNP 35419 629 11 Ash Ash NNP 35419 629 12 , , , 35419 629 13 Full Full NNP 35419 629 14 Size Size NNP 35419 629 15 ( ( -LRB- 35419 629 16 top top RB 35419 629 17 toward toward IN 35419 629 18 pith pith NNP 35419 629 19 ) ) -RRB- 35419 629 20 . . . 35419 629 21 ] ] -RRB- 35419 630 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 630 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 630 3 : : : 35419 630 4 Fig Fig NNP 35419 630 5 . . . 35419 631 1 17 17 CD 35419 631 2 . . . 35419 632 1 Cross cross JJ 35419 632 2 - - NN 35419 632 3 section section NN 35419 632 4 of of IN 35419 632 5 Diffuse diffuse NN 35419 632 6 - - HYPH 35419 632 7 porous porous JJ 35419 632 8 Wood wood NN 35419 632 9 , , , 35419 632 10 Hard Hard NNP 35419 632 11 Maple Maple NNP 35419 632 12 , , , 35419 632 13 full full JJ 35419 632 14 size size NN 35419 632 15 ( ( -LRB- 35419 632 16 top top NN 35419 632 17 toward toward IN 35419 632 18 pith pith NNP 35419 632 19 ) ) -RRB- 35419 632 20 . . . 35419 632 21 ] ] -RRB- 35419 633 1 ( ( -LRB- 35419 633 2 3 3 LS 35419 633 3 ) ) -RRB- 35419 633 4 Running running NN 35419 633 5 radially radially NN 35419 633 6 ( ( -LRB- 35419 633 7 up up RB 35419 633 8 and and CC 35419 633 9 down down RB 35419 633 10 in in IN 35419 633 11 the the DT 35419 633 12 picture picture NN 35419 633 13 ) ) -RRB- 35419 633 14 directly directly RB 35419 633 15 thru thru IN 35419 633 16 the the DT 35419 633 17 annual annual JJ 35419 633 18 belts belt NNS 35419 633 19 or or CC 35419 633 20 rings ring NNS 35419 633 21 are be VBP 35419 633 22 to to TO 35419 633 23 be be VB 35419 633 24 seen see VBN 35419 633 25 what what WP 35419 633 26 looks look VBZ 35419 633 27 like like IN 35419 633 28 fibers fiber NNS 35419 633 29 . . . 35419 634 1 These these DT 35419 634 2 are be VBP 35419 634 3 the the DT 35419 634 4 pith pith JJ 35419 634 5 or or CC 35419 634 6 medullary medullary JJ 35419 634 7 rays ray NNS 35419 634 8 . . . 35419 635 1 They -PRON- PRP 35419 635 2 serve serve VBP 35419 635 3 to to TO 35419 635 4 transfer transfer VB 35419 635 5 formative formative JJ 35419 635 6 material material NN 35419 635 7 from from IN 35419 635 8 one one CD 35419 635 9 part part NN 35419 635 10 of of IN 35419 635 11 the the DT 35419 635 12 stem stem NN 35419 635 13 to to IN 35419 635 14 another another DT 35419 635 15 and and CC 35419 635 16 to to TO 35419 635 17 bind bind VB 35419 635 18 the the DT 35419 635 19 tree tree NN 35419 635 20 together together RB 35419 635 21 from from IN 35419 635 22 pith pith NNP 35419 635 23 to to TO 35419 635 24 bark bark VB 35419 635 25 . . . 35419 636 1 ( ( -LRB- 35419 636 2 4 4 LS 35419 636 3 ) ) -RRB- 35419 636 4 Scattered scatter VBN 35419 636 5 here here RB 35419 636 6 and and CC 35419 636 7 there there RB 35419 636 8 among among IN 35419 636 9 the the DT 35419 636 10 regular regular JJ 35419 636 11 cells cell NNS 35419 636 12 , , , 35419 636 13 are be VBP 35419 636 14 to to TO 35419 636 15 be be VB 35419 636 16 seen see VBN 35419 636 17 irregular irregular JJ 35419 636 18 gray gray JJ 35419 636 19 or or CC 35419 636 20 yellow yellow JJ 35419 636 21 dots dot NNS 35419 636 22 which which WDT 35419 636 23 disturb disturb VBP 35419 636 24 the the DT 35419 636 25 regularity regularity NN 35419 636 26 of of IN 35419 636 27 the the DT 35419 636 28 arrangement arrangement NN 35419 636 29 . . . 35419 637 1 These these DT 35419 637 2 are be VBP 35419 637 3 _ _ NNP 35419 637 4 resin resin NN 35419 637 5 ducts duct NNS 35419 637 6 _ _ NNP 35419 637 7 . . . 35419 638 1 ( ( -LRB- 35419 638 2 See see VB 35419 638 3 cross cross JJ 35419 638 4 - - NN 35419 638 5 section section NN 35419 638 6 of of IN 35419 638 7 white white JJ 35419 638 8 pine pine NN 35419 638 9 , , , 35419 638 10 Fig Fig NNP 35419 638 11 . . . 35419 639 1 18 18 CD 35419 639 2 . . . 35419 639 3 ) ) -RRB- 35419 640 1 They -PRON- PRP 35419 640 2 are be VBP 35419 640 3 not not RB 35419 640 4 cells cell NNS 35419 640 5 , , , 35419 640 6 but but CC 35419 640 7 openings opening NNS 35419 640 8 between between IN 35419 640 9 cells cell NNS 35419 640 10 , , , 35419 640 11 in in IN 35419 640 12 which which WDT 35419 640 13 the the DT 35419 640 14 resin resin NN 35419 640 15 , , , 35419 640 16 an an DT 35419 640 17 excretion excretion NN 35419 640 18 of of IN 35419 640 19 the the DT 35419 640 20 tree tree NN 35419 640 21 , , , 35419 640 22 accumulates accumulate NNS 35419 640 23 , , , 35419 640 24 oozing ooze VBG 35419 640 25 out out RP 35419 640 26 when when WRB 35419 640 27 the the DT 35419 640 28 tree tree NN 35419 640 29 is be VBZ 35419 640 30 injured injure VBN 35419 640 31 . . . 35419 641 1 At at RB 35419 641 2 least least RBS 35419 641 3 one one CD 35419 641 4 function function NN 35419 641 5 of of IN 35419 641 6 resin resin NN 35419 641 7 is be VBZ 35419 641 8 to to TO 35419 641 9 protect protect VB 35419 641 10 the the DT 35419 641 11 tree tree NN 35419 641 12 from from IN 35419 641 13 attacks attack NNS 35419 641 14 of of IN 35419 641 15 fungi fungi NN 35419 641 16 . . . 35419 642 1 Looking look VBG 35419 642 2 now now RB 35419 642 3 at at IN 35419 642 4 the the DT 35419 642 5 radial radial JJ 35419 642 6 section section NN 35419 642 7 , , , 35419 642 8 Fig Fig NNP 35419 642 9 . . . 35419 643 1 18 18 CD 35419 643 2 : : : 35419 643 3 ( ( -LRB- 35419 643 4 5 5 LS 35419 643 5 ) ) -RRB- 35419 643 6 The the DT 35419 643 7 first first JJ 35419 643 8 thing thing NN 35419 643 9 to to TO 35419 643 10 notice notice NN 35419 643 11 is be VBZ 35419 643 12 the the DT 35419 643 13 straightness straightness NN 35419 643 14 of of IN 35419 643 15 the the DT 35419 643 16 long long JJ 35419 643 17 cells cell NNS 35419 643 18 and and CC 35419 643 19 their -PRON- PRP$ 35419 643 20 overlapping overlapping NN 35419 643 21 where where WRB 35419 643 22 they -PRON- PRP 35419 643 23 meet meet VBP 35419 643 24 endwise endwise NN 35419 643 25 , , , 35419 643 26 like like IN 35419 643 27 the the DT 35419 643 28 ends end NNS 35419 643 29 of of IN 35419 643 30 two two CD 35419 643 31 chisels chisel NNS 35419 643 32 laid lay VBN 35419 643 33 together together RB 35419 643 34 , , , 35419 643 35 Fig Fig NNP 35419 643 36 . . . 35419 644 1 11 11 CD 35419 644 2 . . . 35419 645 1 ( ( -LRB- 35419 645 2 6 6 CD 35419 645 3 ) ) -RRB- 35419 645 4 On on IN 35419 645 5 the the DT 35419 645 6 walls wall NNS 35419 645 7 of of IN 35419 645 8 the the DT 35419 645 9 cells cell NNS 35419 645 10 can can MD 35419 645 11 be be VB 35419 645 12 seen see VBN 35419 645 13 round round JJ 35419 645 14 spots spot NNS 35419 645 15 called call VBN 35419 645 16 " " `` 35419 645 17 pits pit NNS 35419 645 18 . . . 35419 645 19 " " '' 35419 646 1 These these DT 35419 646 2 are be VBP 35419 646 3 due due JJ 35419 646 4 to to IN 35419 646 5 the the DT 35419 646 6 fact fact NN 35419 646 7 that that IN 35419 646 8 as as IN 35419 646 9 the the DT 35419 646 10 cell cell NN 35419 646 11 grows grow VBZ 35419 646 12 , , , 35419 646 13 the the DT 35419 646 14 cell cell NN 35419 646 15 walls wall NNS 35419 646 16 thicken thicken NNP 35419 646 17 , , , 35419 646 18 except except IN 35419 646 19 in in IN 35419 646 20 these these DT 35419 646 21 small small JJ 35419 646 22 spots spot NNS 35419 646 23 , , , 35419 646 24 where where WRB 35419 646 25 the the DT 35419 646 26 walls wall NNS 35419 646 27 remain remain VBP 35419 646 28 thin thin JJ 35419 646 29 and and CC 35419 646 30 delicate delicate JJ 35419 646 31 . . . 35419 647 1 The the DT 35419 647 2 pit pit NN 35419 647 3 in in IN 35419 647 4 a a DT 35419 647 5 cell cell NN 35419 647 6 wall wall NN 35419 647 7 always always RB 35419 647 8 coincides coincide VBZ 35419 647 9 with with IN 35419 647 10 the the DT 35419 647 11 pit pit NN 35419 647 12 in in IN 35419 647 13 an an DT 35419 647 14 adjoining adjoining JJ 35419 647 15 cell cell NN 35419 647 16 , , , 35419 647 17 there there EX 35419 647 18 being be VBG 35419 647 19 only only RB 35419 647 20 a a DT 35419 647 21 thin thin JJ 35419 647 22 membrane membrane NN 35419 647 23 between between IN 35419 647 24 , , , 35419 647 25 so so IN 35419 647 26 that that IN 35419 647 27 there there EX 35419 647 28 is be VBZ 35419 647 29 practically practically RB 35419 647 30 free free JJ 35419 647 31 communication communication NN 35419 647 32 of of IN 35419 647 33 fluids fluid NNS 35419 647 34 between between IN 35419 647 35 the the DT 35419 647 36 two two CD 35419 647 37 cells cell NNS 35419 647 38 . . . 35419 648 1 In in IN 35419 648 2 a a DT 35419 648 3 cross cross JJ 35419 648 4 - - NN 35419 648 5 section section NN 35419 648 6 the the DT 35419 648 7 pit pit NN 35419 648 8 appears appear VBZ 35419 648 9 as as IN 35419 648 10 a a DT 35419 648 11 canal canal NN 35419 648 12 , , , 35419 648 13 the the DT 35419 648 14 length length NN 35419 648 15 of of IN 35419 648 16 which which WDT 35419 648 17 depends depend VBZ 35419 648 18 upon upon IN 35419 648 19 the the DT 35419 648 20 thickness thickness NN 35419 648 21 of of IN 35419 648 22 the the DT 35419 648 23 walls wall NNS 35419 648 24 . . . 35419 649 1 In in IN 35419 649 2 some some DT 35419 649 3 cells cell NNS 35419 649 4 , , , 35419 649 5 the the DT 35419 649 6 thickening thickening NN 35419 649 7 around around IN 35419 649 8 the the DT 35419 649 9 pits pit NNS 35419 649 10 becomes become VBZ 35419 649 11 elevated elevated JJ 35419 649 12 , , , 35419 649 13 forming form VBG 35419 649 14 a a DT 35419 649 15 border border NN 35419 649 16 , , , 35419 649 17 perforated perforate VBN 35419 649 18 in in IN 35419 649 19 the the DT 35419 649 20 center center NN 35419 649 21 . . . 35419 650 1 Such such JJ 35419 650 2 pits pit NNS 35419 650 3 are be VBP 35419 650 4 called call VBN 35419 650 5 bordered border VBN 35419 650 6 pits pit NNS 35419 650 7 . . . 35419 651 1 These these DT 35419 651 2 pits pit NNS 35419 651 3 , , , 35419 651 4 both both CC 35419 651 5 simple simple JJ 35419 651 6 and and CC 35419 651 7 bordered bordered JJ 35419 651 8 , , , 35419 651 9 are be VBP 35419 651 10 waterways waterway NNS 35419 651 11 between between IN 35419 651 12 the the DT 35419 651 13 different different JJ 35419 651 14 cells cell NNS 35419 651 15 . . . 35419 652 1 They -PRON- PRP 35419 652 2 are be VBP 35419 652 3 helps help VBZ 35419 652 4 in in IN 35419 652 5 carrying carry VBG 35419 652 6 the the DT 35419 652 7 sap sap NN 35419 652 8 up up IN 35419 652 9 the the DT 35419 652 10 tree tree NN 35419 652 11 . . . 35419 653 1 ( ( -LRB- 35419 653 2 7 7 LS 35419 653 3 ) ) -RRB- 35419 653 4 The the DT 35419 653 5 pith pith NN 35419 653 6 rays ray NNS 35419 653 7 are be VBP 35419 653 8 also also RB 35419 653 9 to to TO 35419 653 10 be be VB 35419 653 11 seen see VBN 35419 653 12 running run VBG 35419 653 13 across across RB 35419 653 14 and and CC 35419 653 15 interwoven interwoven VB 35419 653 16 in in IN 35419 653 17 the the DT 35419 653 18 other other JJ 35419 653 19 cells cell NNS 35419 653 20 . . . 35419 654 1 It -PRON- PRP 35419 654 2 is be VBZ 35419 654 3 to to TO 35419 654 4 be be VB 35419 654 5 noticed notice VBN 35419 654 6 that that IN 35419 654 7 they -PRON- PRP 35419 654 8 consist consist VBP 35419 654 9 of of IN 35419 654 10 several several JJ 35419 654 11 cells cell NNS 35419 654 12 , , , 35419 654 13 one one CD 35419 654 14 above above IN 35419 654 15 another another DT 35419 654 16 . . . 35419 655 1 In in IN 35419 655 2 the the DT 35419 655 3 tangential tangential JJ 35419 655 4 section section NN 35419 655 5 , , , 35419 655 6 Fig Fig NNP 35419 655 7 . . . 35419 656 1 18 18 CD 35419 656 2 : : : 35419 656 3 ( ( -LRB- 35419 656 4 8) 8) CD 35419 656 5 The the DT 35419 656 6 straightness straightness NN 35419 656 7 and and CC 35419 656 8 overlapping overlapping NN 35419 656 9 of of IN 35419 656 10 the the DT 35419 656 11 cells cell NNS 35419 656 12 is be VBZ 35419 656 13 to to TO 35419 656 14 be be VB 35419 656 15 seen see VBN 35419 656 16 again again RB 35419 656 17 , , , 35419 656 18 and and CC 35419 656 19 ( ( -LRB- 35419 656 20 9 9 LS 35419 656 21 ) ) -RRB- 35419 656 22 The the DT 35419 656 23 numerous numerous JJ 35419 656 24 ends end NNS 35419 656 25 of of IN 35419 656 26 the the DT 35419 656 27 pith pith NNP 35419 656 28 rays ray NNS 35419 656 29 appear appear VBP 35419 656 30 . . . 35419 657 1 In in IN 35419 657 2 a a DT 35419 657 3 word word NN 35419 657 4 , , , 35419 657 5 the the DT 35419 657 6 structure structure NN 35419 657 7 of of IN 35419 657 8 coniferous coniferous JJ 35419 657 9 wood wood NN 35419 657 10 is be VBZ 35419 657 11 very very RB 35419 657 12 regular regular JJ 35419 657 13 and and CC 35419 657 14 simple simple JJ 35419 657 15 , , , 35419 657 16 consisting consist VBG 35419 657 17 mainly mainly RB 35419 657 18 of of IN 35419 657 19 cells cell NNS 35419 657 20 of of IN 35419 657 21 one one CD 35419 657 22 sort sort NN 35419 657 23 , , , 35419 657 24 the the DT 35419 657 25 pith pith NNP 35419 657 26 rays ray NNS 35419 657 27 being be VBG 35419 657 28 comparatively comparatively RB 35419 657 29 unnoticeable unnoticeable JJ 35419 657 30 . . . 35419 658 1 This this DT 35419 658 2 uniformity uniformity NN 35419 658 3 is be VBZ 35419 658 4 what what WP 35419 658 5 makes make VBZ 35419 658 6 the the DT 35419 658 7 wood wood NN 35419 658 8 of of IN 35419 658 9 conifers conifer NNS 35419 658 10 technically technically RB 35419 658 11 valuable valuable JJ 35419 658 12 . . . 35419 659 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 659 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 659 3 : : : 35419 659 4 Fig Fig NNP 35419 659 5 . . . 35419 660 1 18 18 CD 35419 660 2 . . . 35419 660 3 ] ] -RRB- 35419 661 1 The the DT 35419 661 2 cells cell NNS 35419 661 3 of of IN 35419 661 4 conifers conifer NNS 35419 661 5 are be VBP 35419 661 6 called call VBN 35419 661 7 tracheids tracheid NNS 35419 661 8 , , , 35419 661 9 meaning mean VBG 35419 661 10 " " '' 35419 661 11 like like IN 35419 661 12 _ _ NNP 35419 661 13 tracheà tracheà NNP 35419 661 14 ¦ ¦ NNP 35419 661 15 _ _ NNP 35419 661 16 . . . 35419 661 17 " " '' 35419 662 1 They -PRON- PRP 35419 662 2 are be VBP 35419 662 3 cells cell NNS 35419 662 4 in in IN 35419 662 5 which which WDT 35419 662 6 the the DT 35419 662 7 end end NN 35419 662 8 walls wall NNS 35419 662 9 persist persist VBP 35419 662 10 , , , 35419 662 11 that that RB 35419 662 12 is is RB 35419 662 13 , , , 35419 662 14 are be VBP 35419 662 15 not not RB 35419 662 16 absorbed absorb VBN 35419 662 17 and and CC 35419 662 18 broken break VBN 35419 662 19 down down RP 35419 662 20 when when WRB 35419 662 21 they -PRON- PRP 35419 662 22 meet meet VBP 35419 662 23 end end NN 35419 662 24 to to IN 35419 662 25 end end NN 35419 662 26 . . . 35419 663 1 In in IN 35419 663 2 other other JJ 35419 663 3 words word NNS 35419 663 4 , , , 35419 663 5 conifers conifer NNS 35419 663 6 do do VBP 35419 663 7 not not RB 35419 663 8 have have VB 35419 663 9 continuous continuous JJ 35419 663 10 pores pore NNS 35419 663 11 or or CC 35419 663 12 vessels vessel NNS 35419 663 13 or or CC 35419 663 14 " " `` 35419 663 15 _ _ NNP 35419 663 16 tracheà tracheà NNP 35419 663 17 ¦ ¦ : 35419 663 18 _ _ NNP 35419 663 19 , , , 35419 663 20 " " '' 35419 663 21 and and CC 35419 663 22 hence hence RB 35419 663 23 are be VBP 35419 663 24 called call VBN 35419 663 25 " " `` 35419 663 26 non non JJ 35419 663 27 - - JJ 35419 663 28 porous porous JJ 35419 663 29 " " '' 35419 663 30 woods wood NNS 35419 663 31 . . . 35419 664 1 But but CC 35419 664 2 in in IN 35419 664 3 other other JJ 35419 664 4 woods wood NNS 35419 664 5 , , , 35419 664 6 the the DT 35419 664 7 ends end NNS 35419 664 8 of of IN 35419 664 9 some some DT 35419 664 10 cells cell NNS 35419 664 11 which which WDT 35419 664 12 meet meet VBP 35419 664 13 endwise endwise NN 35419 664 14 are be VBP 35419 664 15 absorbed absorb VBN 35419 664 16 , , , 35419 664 17 thus thus RB 35419 664 18 forming form VBG 35419 664 19 a a DT 35419 664 20 continuous continuous JJ 35419 664 21 series series NN 35419 664 22 of of IN 35419 664 23 elements element NNS 35419 664 24 which which WDT 35419 664 25 constitute constitute VBP 35419 664 26 an an DT 35419 664 27 open open JJ 35419 664 28 tube tube NN 35419 664 29 . . . 35419 665 1 Such such JJ 35419 665 2 tubes tube NNS 35419 665 3 are be VBP 35419 665 4 known know VBN 35419 665 5 as as IN 35419 665 6 pores pore NNS 35419 665 7 , , , 35419 665 8 or or CC 35419 665 9 vessels vessel NNS 35419 665 10 , , , 35419 665 11 or or CC 35419 665 12 " " `` 35419 665 13 tracheà tracheà NNP 35419 665 14 ¦ ¦ : 35419 665 15 , , , 35419 665 16 " " '' 35419 665 17 and and CC 35419 665 18 sometimes sometimes RB 35419 665 19 extend extend VB 35419 665 20 thru thru IN 35419 665 21 the the DT 35419 665 22 whole whole JJ 35419 665 23 stem stem NN 35419 665 24 . . . 35419 666 1 Besides besides IN 35419 666 2 this this DT 35419 666 3 marked mark VBN 35419 666 4 difference difference NN 35419 666 5 between between IN 35419 666 6 the the DT 35419 666 7 porous porous JJ 35419 666 8 and and CC 35419 666 9 non non JJ 35419 666 10 - - JJ 35419 666 11 porous porous JJ 35419 666 12 woods wood NNS 35419 666 13 , , , 35419 666 14 the the DT 35419 666 15 porous porous JJ 35419 666 16 woods wood NNS 35419 666 17 are be VBP 35419 666 18 also also RB 35419 666 19 distinguished distinguish VBN 35419 666 20 by by IN 35419 666 21 the the DT 35419 666 22 fact fact NN 35419 666 23 that that IN 35419 666 24 instead instead RB 35419 666 25 of of IN 35419 666 26 being be VBG 35419 666 27 made make VBN 35419 666 28 up up RP 35419 666 29 , , , 35419 666 30 like like IN 35419 666 31 the the DT 35419 666 32 conifers conifer NNS 35419 666 33 of of IN 35419 666 34 cells cell NNS 35419 666 35 of of IN 35419 666 36 practically practically RB 35419 666 37 only only RB 35419 666 38 one one CD 35419 666 39 kind kind NN 35419 666 40 , , , 35419 666 41 namely namely RB 35419 666 42 tracheids tracheid VBZ 35419 666 43 , , , 35419 666 44 they -PRON- PRP 35419 666 45 are be VBP 35419 666 46 composed compose VBN 35419 666 47 of of IN 35419 666 48 several several JJ 35419 666 49 varieties variety NNS 35419 666 50 of of IN 35419 666 51 cells cell NNS 35419 666 52 . . . 35419 667 1 Besides besides IN 35419 667 2 the the DT 35419 667 3 tracheae tracheae NN 35419 667 4 and and CC 35419 667 5 tracheids tracheid NNS 35419 667 6 already already RB 35419 667 7 noted note VBN 35419 667 8 are be VBP 35419 667 9 such such JJ 35419 667 10 cells cell NNS 35419 667 11 as as IN 35419 667 12 " " `` 35419 667 13 wood wood NN 35419 667 14 fiber fiber NN 35419 667 15 , , , 35419 667 16 " " '' 35419 667 17 " " `` 35419 667 18 fibrous fibrous JJ 35419 667 19 cells cell NNS 35419 667 20 , , , 35419 667 21 " " '' 35419 667 22 and and CC 35419 667 23 " " `` 35419 667 24 parenchyma parenchyma NN 35419 667 25 . . . 35419 667 26 " " '' 35419 668 1 Fig fig NN 35419 668 2 . . . 35419 669 1 19 19 CD 35419 669 2 . . . 35419 670 1 Wood wood NN 35419 670 2 fiber fiber NN 35419 670 3 proper proper JJ 35419 670 4 has have VBZ 35419 670 5 much much RB 35419 670 6 thickened thicken VBN 35419 670 7 lignified lignify VBN 35419 670 8 walls wall NNS 35419 670 9 and and CC 35419 670 10 no no DT 35419 670 11 pits pit NNS 35419 670 12 , , , 35419 670 13 and and CC 35419 670 14 its -PRON- PRP$ 35419 670 15 main main JJ 35419 670 16 function function NN 35419 670 17 is be VBZ 35419 670 18 mechanical mechanical JJ 35419 670 19 support support NN 35419 670 20 . . . 35419 671 1 Fibrous fibrous JJ 35419 671 2 cells cell NNS 35419 671 3 are be VBP 35419 671 4 like like IN 35419 671 5 the the DT 35419 671 6 wood wood NN 35419 671 7 fibers fiber NNS 35419 671 8 except except IN 35419 671 9 that that IN 35419 671 10 they -PRON- PRP 35419 671 11 retain retain VBP 35419 671 12 their -PRON- PRP$ 35419 671 13 protoplasm protoplasm NN 35419 671 14 . . . 35419 672 1 Parenchyma Parenchyma NNP 35419 672 2 is be VBZ 35419 672 3 composed compose VBN 35419 672 4 of of IN 35419 672 5 vertical vertical JJ 35419 672 6 groups group NNS 35419 672 7 of of IN 35419 672 8 short short JJ 35419 672 9 cells cell NNS 35419 672 10 , , , 35419 672 11 the the DT 35419 672 12 end end NN 35419 672 13 ones one NNS 35419 672 14 of of IN 35419 672 15 each each DT 35419 672 16 group group NN 35419 672 17 tapering taper VBG 35419 672 18 to to IN 35419 672 19 a a DT 35419 672 20 point point NN 35419 672 21 , , , 35419 672 22 and and CC 35419 672 23 each each DT 35419 672 24 group group NN 35419 672 25 originates originate VBZ 35419 672 26 from from IN 35419 672 27 the the DT 35419 672 28 transverse transverse NNP 35419 672 29 division division NN 35419 672 30 of of IN 35419 672 31 one one CD 35419 672 32 cambium cambium NN 35419 672 33 cell cell NN 35419 672 34 . . . 35419 673 1 They -PRON- PRP 35419 673 2 are be VBP 35419 673 3 commonly commonly RB 35419 673 4 grouped group VBN 35419 673 5 around around IN 35419 673 6 the the DT 35419 673 7 vessels vessel NNS 35419 673 8 ( ( -LRB- 35419 673 9 tracheà tracheã UH 35419 673 10 ¦ ¦ : 35419 673 11 ) ) -RRB- 35419 673 12 . . . 35419 674 1 Parenchyma Parenchyma NNP 35419 674 2 constitutes constitute VBZ 35419 674 3 the the DT 35419 674 4 pith pith NNP 35419 674 5 rays ray NNS 35419 674 6 and and CC 35419 674 7 other other JJ 35419 674 8 similar similar JJ 35419 674 9 fibers fiber NNS 35419 674 10 , , , 35419 674 11 retains retain VBZ 35419 674 12 its -PRON- PRP$ 35419 674 13 protoplasm protoplasm NN 35419 674 14 , , , 35419 674 15 and and CC 35419 674 16 becomes become VBZ 35419 674 17 filled fill VBN 35419 674 18 with with IN 35419 674 19 starch starch NN 35419 674 20 in in IN 35419 674 21 autumn autumn NN 35419 674 22 . . . 35419 675 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 675 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 675 3 : : : 35419 675 4 Fig Fig NNP 35419 675 5 . . . 35419 676 1 19 19 CD 35419 676 2 . . . 35419 677 1 Isolated isolated JJ 35419 677 2 Fibers Fibers NNPS 35419 677 3 and and CC 35419 677 4 Cells Cells NNPS 35419 677 5 . . . 35419 678 1 _ _ NNP 35419 678 2 a a DT 35419 678 3 _ _ NNP 35419 678 4 , , , 35419 678 5 four four CD 35419 678 6 cells cell NNS 35419 678 7 of of IN 35419 678 8 wood wood NN 35419 678 9 parenchyma parenchyma NN 35419 678 10 ; ; : 35419 678 11 _ _ NNP 35419 678 12 b b NNP 35419 678 13 _ _ NNP 35419 678 14 , , , 35419 678 15 two two CD 35419 678 16 cells cell NNS 35419 678 17 from from IN 35419 678 18 a a DT 35419 678 19 pith pith NNP 35419 678 20 ray ray NN 35419 678 21 ; ; : 35419 678 22 _ _ NNP 35419 678 23 c c NNP 35419 678 24 _ _ NNP 35419 678 25 , , , 35419 678 26 a a DT 35419 678 27 single single JJ 35419 678 28 cell cell NN 35419 678 29 or or CC 35419 678 30 joint joint NN 35419 678 31 of of IN 35419 678 32 a a DT 35419 678 33 vessel vessel NN 35419 678 34 , , , 35419 678 35 the the DT 35419 678 36 openings opening NNS 35419 678 37 , , , 35419 678 38 x x NNS 35419 678 39 , , , 35419 678 40 x x NNS 35419 678 41 , , , 35419 678 42 leading lead VBG 35419 678 43 into into IN 35419 678 44 its -PRON- PRP$ 35419 678 45 upper upper JJ 35419 678 46 and and CC 35419 678 47 lower low JJR 35419 678 48 neighbors neighbor NNS 35419 678 49 ; ; : 35419 678 50 _ _ NNP 35419 678 51 d d NNP 35419 678 52 _ _ NNP 35419 678 53 , , , 35419 678 54 tracheid tracheid NN 35419 678 55 ; ; : 35419 678 56 _ _ NNP 35419 678 57 e e NNP 35419 678 58 _ _ NNP 35419 678 59 , , , 35419 678 60 wood wood NN 35419 678 61 fiber fiber NN 35419 678 62 proper proper JJ 35419 678 63 . . . 35419 679 1 _ _ NNP 35419 679 2 After after IN 35419 679 3 Roth Roth NNP 35419 679 4 . . . 35419 679 5 _ _ NNP 35419 679 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 679 7 The the DT 35419 679 8 most most RBS 35419 679 9 common common JJ 35419 679 10 type type NN 35419 679 11 of of IN 35419 679 12 structure structure NN 35419 679 13 among among IN 35419 679 14 the the DT 35419 679 15 broad broad RB 35419 679 16 - - HYPH 35419 679 17 leaved leave VBN 35419 679 18 trees tree NNS 35419 679 19 contains contain VBZ 35419 679 20 tracheà tracheà NNP 35419 679 21 ¦ ¦ : 35419 679 22 , , , 35419 679 23 trachà trachà NNP 35419 679 24 ¦ ¦ : 35419 679 25 ids ids NNP 35419 679 26 , , , 35419 679 27 woody woody NN 35419 679 28 fiber fiber NN 35419 679 29 , , , 35419 679 30 fibrous fibrous JJ 35419 679 31 cells cell NNS 35419 679 32 and and CC 35419 679 33 parenchyma parenchyma NN 35419 679 34 . . . 35419 680 1 Examples example NNS 35419 680 2 are be VBP 35419 680 3 poplars poplar NNS 35419 680 4 , , , 35419 680 5 birch birch NNP 35419 680 6 , , , 35419 680 7 walnut walnut NNP 35419 680 8 , , , 35419 680 9 linden linden NNP 35419 680 10 and and CC 35419 680 11 locust locust NNP 35419 680 12 . . . 35419 681 1 In in IN 35419 681 2 some some DT 35419 681 3 , , , 35419 681 4 as as IN 35419 681 5 ash ash NN 35419 681 6 , , , 35419 681 7 the the DT 35419 681 8 tracheids tracheid NNS 35419 681 9 are be VBP 35419 681 10 wanting want VBG 35419 681 11 ; ; : 35419 681 12 apple apple NN 35419 681 13 and and CC 35419 681 14 maple maple NN 35419 681 15 have have VBP 35419 681 16 no no DT 35419 681 17 woody woody NN 35419 681 18 fiber fiber NN 35419 681 19 , , , 35419 681 20 and and CC 35419 681 21 oak oak NN 35419 681 22 and and CC 35419 681 23 plum plum NN 35419 681 24 no no DT 35419 681 25 fibrous fibrous JJ 35419 681 26 cells cell NNS 35419 681 27 . . . 35419 682 1 This this DT 35419 682 2 recital recital NN 35419 682 3 is be VBZ 35419 682 4 enough enough JJ 35419 682 5 to to TO 35419 682 6 show show VB 35419 682 7 that that IN 35419 682 8 the the DT 35419 682 9 wood wood NN 35419 682 10 of of IN 35419 682 11 the the DT 35419 682 12 broad broad RB 35419 682 13 - - HYPH 35419 682 14 leaved leave VBN 35419 682 15 trees tree NNS 35419 682 16 is be VBZ 35419 682 17 much much RB 35419 682 18 more more RBR 35419 682 19 complex complex JJ 35419 682 20 in in IN 35419 682 21 structure structure NN 35419 682 22 than than IN 35419 682 23 that that DT 35419 682 24 of of IN 35419 682 25 the the DT 35419 682 26 conifers conifer NNS 35419 682 27 . . . 35419 683 1 It -PRON- PRP 35419 683 2 is be VBZ 35419 683 3 by by IN 35419 683 4 means mean NNS 35419 683 5 of of IN 35419 683 6 the the DT 35419 683 7 number number NN 35419 683 8 and and CC 35419 683 9 distribution distribution NN 35419 683 10 of of IN 35419 683 11 these these DT 35419 683 12 elements element NNS 35419 683 13 that that IN 35419 683 14 particular particular JJ 35419 683 15 woods wood NNS 35419 683 16 are be VBP 35419 683 17 identified identify VBN 35419 683 18 microscopically microscopically RB 35419 683 19 . . . 35419 684 1 See see VB 35419 684 2 p. p. NN 35419 684 3 289 289 CD 35419 684 4 . . . 35419 685 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 685 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 685 3 : : : 35419 685 4 Fig Fig NNP 35419 685 5 . . . 35419 686 1 20 20 CD 35419 686 2 . . . 35419 686 3 ] ] -RRB- 35419 687 1 _ _ NNP 35419 687 2 Ring Ring NNP 35419 687 3 - - HYPH 35419 687 4 porous porous JJ 35419 687 5 woods wood NNS 35419 687 6 . . . 35419 687 7 _ _ NNP 35419 687 8 Looking look VBG 35419 687 9 thru thru IN 35419 687 10 the the DT 35419 687 11 microscope microscope NN 35419 687 12 at at IN 35419 687 13 a a DT 35419 687 14 cross cross NN 35419 687 15 - - NN 35419 687 16 section section NN 35419 687 17 of of IN 35419 687 18 ash ash NN 35419 687 19 , , , 35419 687 20 a a DT 35419 687 21 ring re VBG 35419 687 22 - - HYPH 35419 687 23 porous porous JJ 35419 687 24 wood wood NN 35419 687 25 , , , 35419 687 26 Fig Fig NNP 35419 687 27 . . . 35419 688 1 20 20 CD 35419 688 2 : : : 35419 688 3 ( ( -LRB- 35419 688 4 1 1 LS 35419 688 5 ) ) -RRB- 35419 688 6 The the DT 35419 688 7 large large JJ 35419 688 8 round round NN 35419 688 9 or or CC 35419 688 10 oval oval NN 35419 688 11 pores pore NNS 35419 688 12 or or CC 35419 688 13 vessels vessel NNS 35419 688 14 grouped group VBN 35419 688 15 mostly mostly RB 35419 688 16 in in IN 35419 688 17 the the DT 35419 688 18 spring spring NN 35419 688 19 wood wood NN 35419 688 20 first first RB 35419 688 21 attract attract VBP 35419 688 22 attention attention NN 35419 688 23 . . . 35419 689 1 Smaller small JJR 35419 689 2 ones one NNS 35419 689 3 , , , 35419 689 4 but but CC 35419 689 5 still still RB 35419 689 6 quite quite RB 35419 689 7 distinct distinct JJ 35419 689 8 , , , 35419 689 9 are be VBP 35419 689 10 to to TO 35419 689 11 be be VB 35419 689 12 seen see VBN 35419 689 13 scattered scatter VBN 35419 689 14 all all RB 35419 689 15 thru thru IN 35419 689 16 the the DT 35419 689 17 wood wood NN 35419 689 18 . . . 35419 690 1 It -PRON- PRP 35419 690 2 is be VBZ 35419 690 3 by by IN 35419 690 4 the the DT 35419 690 5 number number NN 35419 690 6 and and CC 35419 690 7 distribution distribution NN 35419 690 8 of of IN 35419 690 9 these these DT 35419 690 10 pores pore NNS 35419 690 11 that that IN 35419 690 12 the the DT 35419 690 13 different different JJ 35419 690 14 oak oak NN 35419 690 15 woods wood NNS 35419 690 16 are be VBP 35419 690 17 distinguished distinguish VBN 35419 690 18 , , , 35419 690 19 those those DT 35419 690 20 in in IN 35419 690 21 white white JJ 35419 690 22 oak oak NNP 35419 690 23 being be VBG 35419 690 24 smaller small JJR 35419 690 25 and and CC 35419 690 26 more more RBR 35419 690 27 numerous numerous JJ 35419 690 28 , , , 35419 690 29 while while IN 35419 690 30 in in IN 35419 690 31 red red JJ 35419 690 32 oak oak NN 35419 690 33 they -PRON- PRP 35419 690 34 are be VBP 35419 690 35 fewer few JJR 35419 690 36 and and CC 35419 690 37 larger large JJR 35419 690 38 . . . 35419 691 1 It -PRON- PRP 35419 691 2 is be VBZ 35419 691 3 evident evident JJ 35419 691 4 that that IN 35419 691 5 the the DT 35419 691 6 greater great JJR 35419 691 7 their -PRON- PRP$ 35419 691 8 share share NN 35419 691 9 in in IN 35419 691 10 the the DT 35419 691 11 volume volume NN 35419 691 12 , , , 35419 691 13 the the DT 35419 691 14 lighter light JJR 35419 691 15 in in IN 35419 691 16 weight weight NN 35419 691 17 and and CC 35419 691 18 the the DT 35419 691 19 weaker weak JJR 35419 691 20 will will MD 35419 691 21 be be VB 35419 691 22 the the DT 35419 691 23 wood wood NN 35419 691 24 . . . 35419 692 1 In in IN 35419 692 2 a a DT 35419 692 3 magnified magnify VBN 35419 692 4 cross cross NN 35419 692 5 - - NN 35419 692 6 section section NN 35419 692 7 of of IN 35419 692 8 some some DT 35419 692 9 woods wood NNS 35419 692 10 , , , 35419 692 11 as as IN 35419 692 12 black black JJ 35419 692 13 locust locust NN 35419 692 14 , , , 35419 692 15 white white JJ 35419 692 16 elm elm NNP 35419 692 17 and and CC 35419 692 18 chestnut chestnut NN 35419 692 19 , , , 35419 692 20 see see VB 35419 692 21 Chap Chap NNP 35419 692 22 . . . 35419 693 1 III iii CD 35419 693 2 , , , 35419 693 3 beautiful beautiful JJ 35419 693 4 patterns pattern NNS 35419 693 5 are be VBP 35419 693 6 to to TO 35419 693 7 be be VB 35419 693 8 seen see VBN 35419 693 9 composed compose VBN 35419 693 10 of of IN 35419 693 11 these these DT 35419 693 12 pores pore NNS 35419 693 13 . . . 35419 694 1 It -PRON- PRP 35419 694 2 is be VBZ 35419 694 3 because because IN 35419 694 4 of of IN 35419 694 5 the the DT 35419 694 6 size size NN 35419 694 7 of of IN 35419 694 8 these these DT 35419 694 9 pores pore NNS 35419 694 10 and and CC 35419 694 11 their -PRON- PRP$ 35419 694 12 great great JJ 35419 694 13 number number NN 35419 694 14 that that IN 35419 694 15 chestnut chestnut NN 35419 694 16 is be VBZ 35419 694 17 so so RB 35419 694 18 weak weak JJ 35419 694 19 . . . 35419 695 1 ( ( -LRB- 35419 695 2 2 2 LS 35419 695 3 ) ) -RRB- 35419 695 4 The the DT 35419 695 5 summer summer NN 35419 695 6 wood wood NN 35419 695 7 is be VBZ 35419 695 8 also also RB 35419 695 9 distinguishable distinguishable JJ 35419 695 10 by by IN 35419 695 11 the the DT 35419 695 12 fact fact NN 35419 695 13 that that IN 35419 695 14 , , , 35419 695 15 as as IN 35419 695 16 with with IN 35419 695 17 the the DT 35419 695 18 conifers conifer NNS 35419 695 19 , , , 35419 695 20 its -PRON- PRP$ 35419 695 21 cells cell NNS 35419 695 22 are be VBP 35419 695 23 smaller small JJR 35419 695 24 and and CC 35419 695 25 its -PRON- PRP$ 35419 695 26 cell cell NN 35419 695 27 walls wall NNS 35419 695 28 thicker thick JJR 35419 695 29 than than IN 35419 695 30 those those DT 35419 695 31 of of IN 35419 695 32 the the DT 35419 695 33 spring spring NN 35419 695 34 wood wood NN 35419 695 35 . . . 35419 696 1 The the DT 35419 696 2 summer summer NN 35419 696 3 wood wood NN 35419 696 4 appears appear VBZ 35419 696 5 only only RB 35419 696 6 as as IN 35419 696 7 a a DT 35419 696 8 narrow narrow JJ 35419 696 9 , , , 35419 696 10 dark dark JJ 35419 696 11 line line NN 35419 696 12 along along IN 35419 696 13 the the DT 35419 696 14 largest large JJS 35419 696 15 pores pore NNS 35419 696 16 in in IN 35419 696 17 each each DT 35419 696 18 ring ring NN 35419 696 19 . . . 35419 697 1 ( ( -LRB- 35419 697 2 3 3 LS 35419 697 3 ) ) -RRB- 35419 697 4 The the DT 35419 697 5 lines line NNS 35419 697 6 of of IN 35419 697 7 the the DT 35419 697 8 pith pith NNP 35419 697 9 rays ray NNS 35419 697 10 are be VBP 35419 697 11 very very RB 35419 697 12 plain plain JJ 35419 697 13 in in IN 35419 697 14 some some DT 35419 697 15 woods wood NNS 35419 697 16 , , , 35419 697 17 as as IN 35419 697 18 in in IN 35419 697 19 oak oak NN 35419 697 20 . . . 35419 698 1 No no UH 35419 698 2 . . . 35419 699 1 47 47 CD 35419 699 2 , , , 35419 699 3 Chap Chap NNP 35419 699 4 . . . 35419 700 1 III iii CD 35419 700 2 . . . 35419 701 1 ( ( -LRB- 35419 701 2 4 4 LS 35419 701 3 ) ) -RRB- 35419 701 4 The the DT 35419 701 5 irregular irregular JJ 35419 701 6 arrangement arrangement NN 35419 701 7 and and CC 35419 701 8 ( ( -LRB- 35419 701 9 5 5 LS 35419 701 10 ) ) -RRB- 35419 701 11 Complex complex JJ 35419 701 12 structure structure NN 35419 701 13 are be VBP 35419 701 14 evident evident JJ 35419 701 15 , , , 35419 701 16 and and CC 35419 701 17 these these DT 35419 701 18 are be VBP 35419 701 19 due due JJ 35419 701 20 to to IN 35419 701 21 the the DT 35419 701 22 fact fact NN 35419 701 23 that that IN 35419 701 24 the the DT 35419 701 25 wood wood NN 35419 701 26 substance substance NN 35419 701 27 consists consist VBZ 35419 701 28 of of IN 35419 701 29 a a DT 35419 701 30 number number NN 35419 701 31 of of IN 35419 701 32 different different JJ 35419 701 33 elements element NNS 35419 701 34 and and CC 35419 701 35 not not RB 35419 701 36 one one CD 35419 701 37 ( ( -LRB- 35419 701 38 tracheids tracheid NNS 35419 701 39 ) ) -RRB- 35419 701 40 as as IN 35419 701 41 in in IN 35419 701 42 the the DT 35419 701 43 conifers conifer NNS 35419 701 44 . . . 35419 702 1 Looking look VBG 35419 702 2 at at IN 35419 702 3 the the DT 35419 702 4 radial radial JJ 35419 702 5 section section NN 35419 702 6 , , , 35419 702 7 Fig Fig NNP 35419 702 8 . . . 35419 703 1 20 20 CD 35419 703 2 : : : 35419 703 3 ( ( -LRB- 35419 703 4 6 6 LS 35419 703 5 ) ) -RRB- 35419 703 6 If if IN 35419 703 7 the the DT 35419 703 8 piece piece NN 35419 703 9 is be VBZ 35419 703 10 oak oak NN 35419 703 11 , , , 35419 703 12 the the DT 35419 703 13 great great JJ 35419 703 14 size size NN 35419 703 15 of of IN 35419 703 16 the the DT 35419 703 17 medullary medullary JJ 35419 703 18 rays ray NNS 35419 703 19 is be VBZ 35419 703 20 most most RBS 35419 703 21 noticeable noticeable JJ 35419 703 22 . . . 35419 704 1 Fig fig NN 35419 704 2 . . . 35419 705 1 32 32 CD 35419 705 2 , , , 35419 705 3 p. p. NN 35419 705 4 38 38 CD 35419 705 5 . . . 35419 706 1 They -PRON- PRP 35419 706 2 are be VBP 35419 706 3 often often RB 35419 706 4 an an DT 35419 706 5 inch inch NN 35419 706 6 or or CC 35419 706 7 more more RBR 35419 706 8 wide wide JJ 35419 706 9 ; ; : 35419 706 10 that that RB 35419 706 11 is is RB 35419 706 12 , , , 35419 706 13 high high JJ 35419 706 14 , , , 35419 706 15 as as IN 35419 706 16 they -PRON- PRP 35419 706 17 grow grow VBP 35419 706 18 in in IN 35419 706 19 the the DT 35419 706 20 tree tree NN 35419 706 21 . . . 35419 707 1 In in IN 35419 707 2 ash ash NN 35419 707 3 they -PRON- PRP 35419 707 4 are be VBP 35419 707 5 plain plain JJ 35419 707 6 , , , 35419 707 7 seen see VBN 35419 707 8 thru thru IN 35419 707 9 the the DT 35419 707 10 microscope microscope NN 35419 707 11 , , , 35419 707 12 but but CC 35419 707 13 are be VBP 35419 707 14 not not RB 35419 707 15 prominent prominent JJ 35419 707 16 . . . 35419 708 1 ( ( -LRB- 35419 708 2 7 7 LS 35419 708 3 ) ) -RRB- 35419 708 4 The the DT 35419 708 5 interweaving interweaving NN 35419 708 6 of of IN 35419 708 7 the the DT 35419 708 8 different different JJ 35419 708 9 fibers fiber NNS 35419 708 10 and and CC 35419 708 11 the the DT 35419 708 12 variety variety NN 35419 708 13 of of IN 35419 708 14 their -PRON- PRP$ 35419 708 15 forms form NNS 35419 708 16 show show VBP 35419 708 17 the the DT 35419 708 18 structure structure NN 35419 708 19 as as IN 35419 708 20 being be VBG 35419 708 21 very very RB 35419 708 22 complex complex JJ 35419 708 23 . . . 35419 709 1 In in IN 35419 709 2 the the DT 35419 709 3 tangential tangential JJ 35419 709 4 section section NN 35419 709 5 , , , 35419 709 6 Fig Fig NNP 35419 709 7 . . . 35419 710 1 20 20 CD 35419 710 2 : : : 35419 710 3 ( ( -LRB- 35419 710 4 8) 8) CD 35419 710 5 The the DT 35419 710 6 pattern pattern NN 35419 710 7 of of IN 35419 710 8 the the DT 35419 710 9 grain grain NN 35419 710 10 is be VBZ 35419 710 11 seen see VBN 35419 710 12 to to TO 35419 710 13 be be VB 35419 710 14 marked mark VBN 35419 710 15 not not RB 35419 710 16 so so RB 35419 710 17 much much JJ 35419 710 18 by by IN 35419 710 19 the the DT 35419 710 20 denseness denseness NN 35419 710 21 of of IN 35419 710 22 the the DT 35419 710 23 summer summer NN 35419 710 24 wood wood NN 35419 710 25 as as IN 35419 710 26 by by IN 35419 710 27 the the DT 35419 710 28 presence presence NN 35419 710 29 of of IN 35419 710 30 the the DT 35419 710 31 vessels vessel NNS 35419 710 32 ( ( -LRB- 35419 710 33 pores pore NNS 35419 710 34 ) ) -RRB- 35419 710 35 . . . 35419 711 1 ( ( -LRB- 35419 711 2 9 9 LS 35419 711 3 ) ) -RRB- 35419 711 4 The the DT 35419 711 5 ends end NNS 35419 711 6 of of IN 35419 711 7 the the DT 35419 711 8 pith pith NNP 35419 711 9 rays ray NNS 35419 711 10 are be VBP 35419 711 11 also also RB 35419 711 12 clear clear JJ 35419 711 13 . . . 35419 712 1 In in IN 35419 712 2 _ _ NNP 35419 712 3 diffuse diffuse NN 35419 712 4 porous porous JJ 35419 712 5 woods wood NNS 35419 712 6 _ _ NNP 35419 712 7 , , , 35419 712 8 the the DT 35419 712 9 main main JJ 35419 712 10 features feature NNS 35419 712 11 to to TO 35419 712 12 be be VB 35419 712 13 noticed notice VBN 35419 712 14 are be VBP 35419 712 15 : : : 35419 712 16 In in IN 35419 712 17 the the DT 35419 712 18 transverse transverse JJ 35419 712 19 section section NN 35419 712 20 , , , 35419 712 21 Fig Fig NNP 35419 712 22 . . . 35419 713 1 21 21 CD 35419 713 2 : : : 35419 713 3 ( ( -LRB- 35419 713 4 1 1 LS 35419 713 5 ) ) -RRB- 35419 713 6 The the DT 35419 713 7 irregularity irregularity NN 35419 713 8 with with IN 35419 713 9 which which WDT 35419 713 10 the the DT 35419 713 11 pores pore NNS 35419 713 12 are be VBP 35419 713 13 scattered scatter VBN 35419 713 14 , , , 35419 713 15 ( ( -LRB- 35419 713 16 2 2 LS 35419 713 17 ) ) -RRB- 35419 713 18 The the DT 35419 713 19 fine fine JJ 35419 713 20 line line NN 35419 713 21 of of IN 35419 713 22 dense dense JJ 35419 713 23 cells cell NNS 35419 713 24 which which WDT 35419 713 25 mark mark VBP 35419 713 26 the the DT 35419 713 27 end end NN 35419 713 28 of of IN 35419 713 29 the the DT 35419 713 30 year year NN 35419 713 31 's 's POS 35419 713 32 growth growth NN 35419 713 33 , , , 35419 713 34 ( ( -LRB- 35419 713 35 3 3 LS 35419 713 36 ) ) -RRB- 35419 713 37 The the DT 35419 713 38 radiating radiating NN 35419 713 39 pith pith NN 35419 713 40 rays ray NNS 35419 713 41 , , , 35419 713 42 ( ( -LRB- 35419 713 43 4 4 LS 35419 713 44 ) ) -RRB- 35419 713 45 The the DT 35419 713 46 irregular irregular JJ 35419 713 47 arrangement arrangement NN 35419 713 48 and and CC 35419 713 49 , , , 35419 713 50 ( ( -LRB- 35419 713 51 5 5 LS 35419 713 52 ) ) -RRB- 35419 713 53 The the DT 35419 713 54 complex complex JJ 35419 713 55 structure structure NN 35419 713 56 . . . 35419 714 1 In in IN 35419 714 2 the the DT 35419 714 3 radial radial JJ 35419 714 4 section section NN 35419 714 5 , , , 35419 714 6 Fig Fig NNP 35419 714 7 . . . 35419 715 1 21 21 CD 35419 715 2 : : : 35419 715 3 ( ( -LRB- 35419 715 4 6 6 LS 35419 715 5 ) ) -RRB- 35419 715 6 The the DT 35419 715 7 pith pith NN 35419 715 8 rays ray NNS 35419 715 9 are be VBP 35419 715 10 evident evident JJ 35419 715 11 . . . 35419 716 1 In in IN 35419 716 2 sycamore sycamore NN 35419 716 3 , , , 35419 716 4 No no UH 35419 716 5 . . . 35419 717 1 53 53 CD 35419 717 2 , , , 35419 717 3 Chap Chap NNP 35419 717 4 . . . 35419 718 1 III iii CD 35419 718 2 , , , 35419 718 3 they -PRON- PRP 35419 718 4 are be VBP 35419 718 5 quite quite RB 35419 718 6 large large JJ 35419 718 7 . . . 35419 719 1 ( ( -LRB- 35419 719 2 7 7 LS 35419 719 3 ) ) -RRB- 35419 719 4 The the DT 35419 719 5 interweaving interweaving NN 35419 719 6 of of IN 35419 719 7 the the DT 35419 719 8 fibers fiber NNS 35419 719 9 is be VBZ 35419 719 10 to to TO 35419 719 11 be be VB 35419 719 12 noted note VBN 35419 719 13 and and CC 35419 719 14 also also RB 35419 719 15 their -PRON- PRP$ 35419 719 16 variety variety NN 35419 719 17 . . . 35419 720 1 In in IN 35419 720 2 the the DT 35419 720 3 tangential tangential JJ 35419 720 4 section section NN 35419 720 5 , , , 35419 720 6 Fig Fig NNP 35419 720 7 . . . 35419 721 1 21 21 CD 35419 721 2 : : : 35419 721 3 ( ( -LRB- 35419 721 4 8) 8) CD 35419 721 5 The the DT 35419 721 6 grain grain NN 35419 721 7 is be VBZ 35419 721 8 to to TO 35419 721 9 be be VB 35419 721 10 traced trace VBN 35419 721 11 only only RB 35419 721 12 dimly dimly RB 35419 721 13 , , , 35419 721 14 but but CC 35419 721 15 the the DT 35419 721 16 fibers fiber NNS 35419 721 17 are be VBP 35419 721 18 seen see VBN 35419 721 19 to to TO 35419 721 20 run run VB 35419 721 21 in in IN 35419 721 22 waves wave NNS 35419 721 23 around around IN 35419 721 24 the the DT 35419 721 25 pith pith NNP 35419 721 26 rays ray NNS 35419 721 27 . . . 35419 722 1 ( ( -LRB- 35419 722 2 9 9 LS 35419 722 3 ) ) -RRB- 35419 722 4 The the DT 35419 722 5 pith pith NN 35419 722 6 rays ray NNS 35419 722 7 , , , 35419 722 8 the the DT 35419 722 9 ends end NNS 35419 722 10 of of IN 35419 722 11 which which WDT 35419 722 12 are be VBP 35419 722 13 plainly plainly RB 35419 722 14 visible visible JJ 35419 722 15 . . . 35419 723 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 723 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 723 3 : : : 35419 723 4 Fig Fig NNP 35419 723 5 . . . 35419 724 1 21 21 CD 35419 724 2 . . . 35419 724 3 ] ] -RRB- 35419 725 1 THE the DT 35419 725 2 GRAIN GRAIN NNP 35419 725 3 OF of IN 35419 725 4 WOOD WOOD NNP 35419 725 5 . . . 35419 726 1 The the DT 35419 726 2 term term NN 35419 726 3 " " `` 35419 726 4 grain grain NN 35419 726 5 " " '' 35419 726 6 is be VBZ 35419 726 7 used use VBN 35419 726 8 in in IN 35419 726 9 a a DT 35419 726 10 variety variety NN 35419 726 11 of of IN 35419 726 12 meanings meaning NNS 35419 726 13 which which WDT 35419 726 14 is be VBZ 35419 726 15 likely likely JJ 35419 726 16 to to TO 35419 726 17 cause cause VB 35419 726 18 confusion confusion NN 35419 726 19 . . . 35419 727 1 This this DT 35419 727 2 confusion confusion NN 35419 727 3 may may MD 35419 727 4 be be VB 35419 727 5 avoided avoid VBN 35419 727 6 , , , 35419 727 7 at at IN 35419 727 8 least least JJS 35419 727 9 in in IN 35419 727 10 part part NN 35419 727 11 , , , 35419 727 12 by by IN 35419 727 13 distinguishing distinguish VBG 35419 727 14 between between IN 35419 727 15 grain grain NN 35419 727 16 and and CC 35419 727 17 texture texture NN 35419 727 18 , , , 35419 727 19 using use VBG 35419 727 20 the the DT 35419 727 21 word word NN 35419 727 22 grain grain NN 35419 727 23 to to TO 35419 727 24 refer refer VB 35419 727 25 to to IN 35419 727 26 the the DT 35419 727 27 arrangement arrangement NN 35419 727 28 or or CC 35419 727 29 direction direction NN 35419 727 30 of of IN 35419 727 31 the the DT 35419 727 32 wood wood NN 35419 727 33 elements element NNS 35419 727 34 , , , 35419 727 35 and and CC 35419 727 36 the the DT 35419 727 37 word word NN 35419 727 38 texture texture NN 35419 727 39 to to TO 35419 727 40 refer refer VB 35419 727 41 to to IN 35419 727 42 their -PRON- PRP$ 35419 727 43 size size NN 35419 727 44 or or CC 35419 727 45 quality quality NN 35419 727 46 , , , 35419 727 47 so so RB 35419 727 48 far far RB 35419 727 49 as as IN 35419 727 50 these these DT 35419 727 51 affect affect VBP 35419 727 52 the the DT 35419 727 53 structural structural JJ 35419 727 54 character character NN 35419 727 55 of of IN 35419 727 56 the the DT 35419 727 57 wood wood NN 35419 727 58 . . . 35419 728 1 Hence hence RB 35419 728 2 such such JJ 35419 728 3 qualifying qualify VBG 35419 728 4 adjectives adjective NNS 35419 728 5 as as RB 35419 728 6 coarse coarse JJ 35419 728 7 and and CC 35419 728 8 fine fine JJ 35419 728 9 , , , 35419 728 10 even even RB 35419 728 11 and and CC 35419 728 12 uneven uneven JJ 35419 728 13 , , , 35419 728 14 straight straight JJ 35419 728 15 and and CC 35419 728 16 cross cross NN 35419 728 17 , , , 35419 728 18 including include VBG 35419 728 19 spiral spiral JJ 35419 728 20 , , , 35419 728 21 twisted twisted JJ 35419 728 22 , , , 35419 728 23 wavy wavy NNP 35419 728 24 , , , 35419 728 25 curly curly RB 35419 728 26 , , , 35419 728 27 mottled mottle VBN 35419 728 28 , , , 35419 728 29 bird's bird's NN 35419 728 30 - - HYPH 35419 728 31 eye eye NN 35419 728 32 , , , 35419 728 33 gnarly gnarly RB 35419 728 34 , , , 35419 728 35 etc etc FW 35419 728 36 . . . 35419 728 37 , , , 35419 728 38 may may MD 35419 728 39 all all DT 35419 728 40 be be VB 35419 728 41 applied apply VBN 35419 728 42 to to IN 35419 728 43 grain grain NN 35419 728 44 to to TO 35419 728 45 give give VB 35419 728 46 it -PRON- PRP 35419 728 47 definite definite JJ 35419 728 48 meaning meaning NN 35419 728 49 , , , 35419 728 50 while while IN 35419 728 51 to to TO 35419 728 52 texture texture VB 35419 728 53 the the DT 35419 728 54 proper proper JJ 35419 728 55 modifying modifying NN 35419 728 56 adjectives adjective NNS 35419 728 57 are be VBP 35419 728 58 coarse coarse JJ 35419 728 59 and and CC 35419 728 60 fine fine JJ 35419 728 61 , , , 35419 728 62 even even RB 35419 728 63 and and CC 35419 728 64 uneven uneven JJ 35419 728 65 . . . 35419 729 1 Usually usually RB 35419 729 2 the the DT 35419 729 3 word word NN 35419 729 4 grain grain NN 35419 729 5 means mean VBZ 35419 729 6 the the DT 35419 729 7 pattern pattern NN 35419 729 8 or or CC 35419 729 9 " " `` 35419 729 10 figure figure NN 35419 729 11 " " '' 35419 729 12 formed form VBN 35419 729 13 by by IN 35419 729 14 the the DT 35419 729 15 distinction distinction NN 35419 729 16 between between IN 35419 729 17 the the DT 35419 729 18 spring spring NN 35419 729 19 wood wood NN 35419 729 20 and and CC 35419 729 21 the the DT 35419 729 22 summer summer NN 35419 729 23 wood wood NN 35419 729 24 . . . 35419 730 1 If if IN 35419 730 2 the the DT 35419 730 3 annual annual JJ 35419 730 4 rings ring NNS 35419 730 5 are be VBP 35419 730 6 wide wide JJ 35419 730 7 , , , 35419 730 8 the the DT 35419 730 9 wood wood NN 35419 730 10 is be VBZ 35419 730 11 , , , 35419 730 12 in in IN 35419 730 13 common common JJ 35419 730 14 usage usage NN 35419 730 15 , , , 35419 730 16 called call VBN 35419 730 17 " " `` 35419 730 18 coarse coarse RB 35419 730 19 grained grained JJ 35419 730 20 , , , 35419 730 21 " " '' 35419 730 22 if if IN 35419 730 23 narrow narrow JJ 35419 730 24 , , , 35419 730 25 " " '' 35419 730 26 fine fine RB 35419 730 27 grained grain VBD 35419 730 28 , , , 35419 730 29 " " '' 35419 730 30 so so IN 35419 730 31 that that DT 35419 730 32 of of IN 35419 730 33 two two CD 35419 730 34 trees tree NNS 35419 730 35 of of IN 35419 730 36 the the DT 35419 730 37 same same JJ 35419 730 38 species specie NNS 35419 730 39 , , , 35419 730 40 one one PRP 35419 730 41 may may MD 35419 730 42 be be VB 35419 730 43 coarse coarse RB 35419 730 44 grained grain VBN 35419 730 45 and and CC 35419 730 46 the the DT 35419 730 47 other other JJ 35419 730 48 fine fine JJ 35419 730 49 grained grain VBD 35419 730 50 , , , 35419 730 51 depending depend VBG 35419 730 52 solely solely RB 35419 730 53 on on IN 35419 730 54 the the DT 35419 730 55 accident accident NN 35419 730 56 of of IN 35419 730 57 fast fast JJ 35419 730 58 or or CC 35419 730 59 slow slow JJ 35419 730 60 growth growth NN 35419 730 61 . . . 35419 731 1 The the DT 35419 731 2 terms term NNS 35419 731 3 coarse coarse VBP 35419 731 4 grain grain NN 35419 731 5 and and CC 35419 731 6 fine fine JJ 35419 731 7 grain grain NN 35419 731 8 are be VBP 35419 731 9 also also RB 35419 731 10 frequently frequently RB 35419 731 11 used use VBN 35419 731 12 to to TO 35419 731 13 distinguish distinguish VB 35419 731 14 such such JJ 35419 731 15 ring ring NN 35419 731 16 - - HYPH 35419 731 17 porous porous JJ 35419 731 18 woods wood NNS 35419 731 19 as as IN 35419 731 20 have have VBP 35419 731 21 large large JJ 35419 731 22 prominent prominent JJ 35419 731 23 pores pore NNS 35419 731 24 , , , 35419 731 25 like like IN 35419 731 26 chestnut chestnut NN 35419 731 27 and and CC 35419 731 28 ash ash NN 35419 731 29 , , , 35419 731 30 from from IN 35419 731 31 those those DT 35419 731 32 having have VBG 35419 731 33 small small JJ 35419 731 34 or or CC 35419 731 35 no no DT 35419 731 36 pores pore NNS 35419 731 37 , , , 35419 731 38 as as IN 35419 731 39 cherry cherry NN 35419 731 40 and and CC 35419 731 41 lignum lignum NN 35419 731 42 vitae vitae NN 35419 731 43 . . . 35419 732 1 A a DT 35419 732 2 better well JJR 35419 732 3 expression expression NN 35419 732 4 in in IN 35419 732 5 this this DT 35419 732 6 case case NN 35419 732 7 would would MD 35419 732 8 be be VB 35419 732 9 coarse coarse JJ 35419 732 10 and and CC 35419 732 11 fine fine JJ 35419 732 12 textured texture VBD 35419 732 13 . . . 35419 733 1 When when WRB 35419 733 2 such such JJ 35419 733 3 coarse coarse JJ 35419 733 4 textured texture VBN 35419 733 5 woods wood NNS 35419 733 6 are be VBP 35419 733 7 stained stain VBN 35419 733 8 , , , 35419 733 9 the the DT 35419 733 10 large large JJ 35419 733 11 pores pore NNS 35419 733 12 in in IN 35419 733 13 the the DT 35419 733 14 spring spring NN 35419 733 15 wood wood NN 35419 733 16 absorb absorb VBP 35419 733 17 more more JJR 35419 733 18 stain stain JJ 35419 733 19 than than IN 35419 733 20 the the DT 35419 733 21 smaller small JJR 35419 733 22 elements element NNS 35419 733 23 in in IN 35419 733 24 the the DT 35419 733 25 summer summer NN 35419 733 26 wood wood NN 35419 733 27 , , , 35419 733 28 and and CC 35419 733 29 hence hence RB 35419 733 30 the the DT 35419 733 31 former former JJ 35419 733 32 part part NN 35419 733 33 appears appear VBZ 35419 733 34 darker dark JJR 35419 733 35 . . . 35419 734 1 In in IN 35419 734 2 the the DT 35419 734 3 " " `` 35419 734 4 fine fine NN 35419 734 5 grained grain VBN 35419 734 6 " " '' 35419 734 7 ( ( -LRB- 35419 734 8 or or CC 35419 734 9 better well JJR 35419 734 10 , , , 35419 734 11 fine fine RB 35419 734 12 textured texture VBD 35419 734 13 , , , 35419 734 14 ) ) -RRB- 35419 734 15 woods wood VBZ 35419 734 16 the the DT 35419 734 17 pores pore NNS 35419 734 18 are be VBP 35419 734 19 absent absent JJ 35419 734 20 or or CC 35419 734 21 are be VBP 35419 734 22 small small JJ 35419 734 23 and and CC 35419 734 24 scattered scattered JJ 35419 734 25 , , , 35419 734 26 and and CC 35419 734 27 the the DT 35419 734 28 wood wood NN 35419 734 29 is be VBZ 35419 734 30 hard hard JJ 35419 734 31 , , , 35419 734 32 so so IN 35419 734 33 that that IN 35419 734 34 they -PRON- PRP 35419 734 35 are be VBP 35419 734 36 capable capable JJ 35419 734 37 of of IN 35419 734 38 taking take VBG 35419 734 39 a a DT 35419 734 40 high high JJ 35419 734 41 polish polish NN 35419 734 42 . . . 35419 735 1 This this DT 35419 735 2 indicates indicate VBZ 35419 735 3 the the DT 35419 735 4 meaning meaning NN 35419 735 5 of of IN 35419 735 6 the the DT 35419 735 7 words word NNS 35419 735 8 coarse coarse JJ 35419 735 9 and and CC 35419 735 10 fine fine JJ 35419 735 11 in in IN 35419 735 12 the the DT 35419 735 13 mind mind NN 35419 735 14 of of IN 35419 735 15 the the DT 35419 735 16 cabinet cabinet NN 35419 735 17 - - HYPH 35419 735 18 maker maker NN 35419 735 19 , , , 35419 735 20 the the DT 35419 735 21 reference reference NN 35419 735 22 being be VBG 35419 735 23 primarily primarily RB 35419 735 24 to to TO 35419 735 25 texture texture VB 35419 735 26 . . . 35419 736 1 If if IN 35419 736 2 the the DT 35419 736 3 elements element NNS 35419 736 4 of of IN 35419 736 5 which which WDT 35419 736 6 a a DT 35419 736 7 wood wood NN 35419 736 8 are be VBP 35419 736 9 composed compose VBN 35419 736 10 are be VBP 35419 736 11 of of IN 35419 736 12 approximately approximately RB 35419 736 13 uniform uniform JJ 35419 736 14 size size NN 35419 736 15 , , , 35419 736 16 it -PRON- PRP 35419 736 17 would would MD 35419 736 18 be be VB 35419 736 19 said say VBN 35419 736 20 to to TO 35419 736 21 have have VB 35419 736 22 a a DT 35419 736 23 uniform uniform JJ 35419 736 24 texture texture NN 35419 736 25 , , , 35419 736 26 as as IN 35419 736 27 in in IN 35419 736 28 white white JJ 35419 736 29 pine pine NN 35419 736 30 , , , 35419 736 31 while while IN 35419 736 32 uniform uniform JJ 35419 736 33 grain grain NN 35419 736 34 would would MD 35419 736 35 mean mean VB 35419 736 36 , , , 35419 736 37 that that IN 35419 736 38 the the DT 35419 736 39 elements element NNS 35419 736 40 , , , 35419 736 41 tho tho NN 35419 736 42 of of IN 35419 736 43 varying varying NN 35419 736 44 sizes size NNS 35419 736 45 , , , 35419 736 46 were be VBD 35419 736 47 evenly evenly RB 35419 736 48 distributed distribute VBN 35419 736 49 , , , 35419 736 50 as as IN 35419 736 51 in in IN 35419 736 52 the the DT 35419 736 53 diffuse diffuse NN 35419 736 54 - - HYPH 35419 736 55 porous porous JJ 35419 736 56 woods wood NNS 35419 736 57 . . . 35419 737 1 The the DT 35419 737 2 term term NN 35419 737 3 " " `` 35419 737 4 grain grain NN 35419 737 5 " " '' 35419 737 6 also also RB 35419 737 7 refers refer VBZ 35419 737 8 to to IN 35419 737 9 the the DT 35419 737 10 regularity regularity NN 35419 737 11 of of IN 35419 737 12 the the DT 35419 737 13 wood wood NN 35419 737 14 structure structure NN 35419 737 15 . . . 35419 738 1 An an DT 35419 738 2 ideal ideal JJ 35419 738 3 tree tree NN 35419 738 4 would would MD 35419 738 5 be be VB 35419 738 6 composed compose VBN 35419 738 7 of of IN 35419 738 8 a a DT 35419 738 9 succession succession NN 35419 738 10 of of IN 35419 738 11 regular regular JJ 35419 738 12 cones cone NNS 35419 738 13 , , , 35419 738 14 but but CC 35419 738 15 few few JJ 35419 738 16 trees tree NNS 35419 738 17 are be VBP 35419 738 18 truly truly RB 35419 738 19 circular circular JJ 35419 738 20 in in IN 35419 738 21 cross cross NN 35419 738 22 - - NN 35419 738 23 section section NN 35419 738 24 and and CC 35419 738 25 even even RB 35419 738 26 in in IN 35419 738 27 those those DT 35419 738 28 that that WDT 35419 738 29 are be VBP 35419 738 30 circular circular JJ 35419 738 31 , , , 35419 738 32 the the DT 35419 738 33 pith pith NNP 35419 738 34 is be VBZ 35419 738 35 rarely rarely RB 35419 738 36 in in IN 35419 738 37 the the DT 35419 738 38 center center NN 35419 738 39 , , , 35419 738 40 showing show VBG 35419 738 41 that that IN 35419 738 42 one one CD 35419 738 43 side side NN 35419 738 44 of of IN 35419 738 45 the the DT 35419 738 46 tree tree NN 35419 738 47 , , , 35419 738 48 usually usually RB 35419 738 49 the the DT 35419 738 50 south south JJ 35419 738 51 side side NN 35419 738 52 , , , 35419 738 53 is be VBZ 35419 738 54 better well RBR 35419 738 55 nourished nourish VBN 35419 738 56 than than IN 35419 738 57 the the DT 35419 738 58 other other JJ 35419 738 59 , , , 35419 738 60 Fig Fig NNP 35419 738 61 . . . 35419 739 1 14 14 CD 35419 739 2 , , , 35419 739 3 p. p. NN 35419 739 4 23 23 CD 35419 739 5 . . . 35419 740 1 The the DT 35419 740 2 normal normal JJ 35419 740 3 direction direction NN 35419 740 4 of of IN 35419 740 5 the the DT 35419 740 6 fibers fiber NNS 35419 740 7 of of IN 35419 740 8 wood wood NN 35419 740 9 is be VBZ 35419 740 10 parallel parallel JJ 35419 740 11 to to IN 35419 740 12 the the DT 35419 740 13 axis axi NNS 35419 740 14 of of IN 35419 740 15 the the DT 35419 740 16 stem stem NN 35419 740 17 in in IN 35419 740 18 which which WDT 35419 740 19 they -PRON- PRP 35419 740 20 grow grow VBP 35419 740 21 . . . 35419 741 1 Such such JJ 35419 741 2 wood wood NN 35419 741 3 is be VBZ 35419 741 4 called call VBN 35419 741 5 " " `` 35419 741 6 straight straight RB 35419 741 7 - - HYPH 35419 741 8 grained grain VBN 35419 741 9 , , , 35419 741 10 " " '' 35419 741 11 Fig fig NN 35419 741 12 . . . 35419 742 1 22 22 CD 35419 742 2 , , , 35419 742 3 but but CC 35419 742 4 there there EX 35419 742 5 are be VBP 35419 742 6 many many JJ 35419 742 7 deviations deviation NNS 35419 742 8 from from IN 35419 742 9 this this DT 35419 742 10 rule rule NN 35419 742 11 . . . 35419 743 1 Whenever whenever WRB 35419 743 2 the the DT 35419 743 3 grain grain NN 35419 743 4 of of IN 35419 743 5 the the DT 35419 743 6 wood wood NN 35419 743 7 in in IN 35419 743 8 a a DT 35419 743 9 board board NN 35419 743 10 is be VBZ 35419 743 11 , , , 35419 743 12 in in IN 35419 743 13 whole whole NN 35419 743 14 or or CC 35419 743 15 in in IN 35419 743 16 part part NN 35419 743 17 , , , 35419 743 18 oblique oblique JJ 35419 743 19 to to IN 35419 743 20 the the DT 35419 743 21 sides side NNS 35419 743 22 of of IN 35419 743 23 the the DT 35419 743 24 board board NN 35419 743 25 , , , 35419 743 26 it -PRON- PRP 35419 743 27 is be VBZ 35419 743 28 called call VBN 35419 743 29 " " `` 35419 743 30 cross cross JJ 35419 743 31 - - JJ 35419 743 32 grained grained JJ 35419 743 33 . . . 35419 743 34 " " '' 35419 744 1 An an DT 35419 744 2 illustration illustration NN 35419 744 3 of of IN 35419 744 4 this this DT 35419 744 5 is be VBZ 35419 744 6 a a DT 35419 744 7 bend bend NN 35419 744 8 in in IN 35419 744 9 the the DT 35419 744 10 fibers fiber NNS 35419 744 11 , , , 35419 744 12 due due IN 35419 744 13 to to IN 35419 744 14 a a DT 35419 744 15 bend bend NN 35419 744 16 in in IN 35419 744 17 the the DT 35419 744 18 whole whole JJ 35419 744 19 tree tree NN 35419 744 20 or or CC 35419 744 21 to to IN 35419 744 22 the the DT 35419 744 23 presence presence NN 35419 744 24 of of IN 35419 744 25 a a DT 35419 744 26 neighboring neighbor VBG 35419 744 27 knot knot NN 35419 744 28 . . . 35419 745 1 This this DT 35419 745 2 bend bend NN 35419 745 3 makes make VBZ 35419 745 4 the the DT 35419 745 5 board board NN 35419 745 6 more more RBR 35419 745 7 difficult difficult JJ 35419 745 8 to to TO 35419 745 9 plane plane NN 35419 745 10 . . . 35419 746 1 In in IN 35419 746 2 many many JJ 35419 746 3 cases case NNS 35419 746 4 , , , 35419 746 5 probably probably RB 35419 746 6 in in IN 35419 746 7 more more JJR 35419 746 8 cases case NNS 35419 746 9 than than IN 35419 746 10 not not RB 35419 746 11 , , , 35419 746 12 the the DT 35419 746 13 wood wood NN 35419 746 14 fibers fiber NNS 35419 746 15 twist twist VBP 35419 746 16 around around IN 35419 746 17 the the DT 35419 746 18 tree tree NN 35419 746 19 . . . 35419 747 1 ( ( -LRB- 35419 747 2 See see VB 35419 747 3 some some DT 35419 747 4 of of IN 35419 747 5 the the DT 35419 747 6 logs log NNS 35419 747 7 in in IN 35419 747 8 Fig Fig NNP 35419 747 9 . . . 35419 748 1 107 107 CD 35419 748 2 , , , 35419 748 3 p. p. NN 35419 749 1 254 254 CD 35419 749 2 . . . 35419 749 3 ) ) -RRB- 35419 750 1 This this DT 35419 750 2 produces produce VBZ 35419 750 3 " " `` 35419 750 4 spiral spiral JJ 35419 750 5 " " '' 35419 750 6 or or CC 35419 750 7 " " `` 35419 750 8 twisted twisted JJ 35419 750 9 " " '' 35419 750 10 grain grain NN 35419 750 11 . . . 35419 751 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 751 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 751 3 : : : 35419 751 4 Fig Fig NNP 35419 751 5 . . . 35419 752 1 22 22 CD 35419 752 2 . . . 35419 753 1 Straight straight JJ 35419 753 2 Grained Grained NNP 35419 753 3 Long long JJ 35419 753 4 - - HYPH 35419 753 5 leaf leaf NN 35419 753 6 Pine Pine NNP 35419 753 7 ( ( -LRB- 35419 753 8 full full JJ 35419 753 9 size size NN 35419 753 10 ) ) -RRB- 35419 753 11 . . . 35419 753 12 ] ] -RRB- 35419 754 1 Often often RB 35419 754 2 , , , 35419 754 3 as as IN 35419 754 4 in in IN 35419 754 5 mahogany mahogany NN 35419 754 6 and and CC 35419 754 7 sweet sweet JJ 35419 754 8 gum gum NN 35419 754 9 , , , 35419 754 10 the the DT 35419 754 11 fibers fiber NNS 35419 754 12 of of IN 35419 754 13 several several JJ 35419 754 14 layers layer NNS 35419 754 15 twist twist VBP 35419 754 16 first first RB 35419 754 17 in in IN 35419 754 18 one one CD 35419 754 19 direction direction NN 35419 754 20 and and CC 35419 754 21 then then RB 35419 754 22 those those DT 35419 754 23 of of IN 35419 754 24 the the DT 35419 754 25 next next JJ 35419 754 26 few few JJ 35419 754 27 layers layer NNS 35419 754 28 twist twist VBP 35419 754 29 the the DT 35419 754 30 other other JJ 35419 754 31 way way NN 35419 754 32 , , , 35419 754 33 Fig Fig NNP 35419 754 34 . . . 35419 755 1 24 24 CD 35419 755 2 . . . 35419 756 1 Such such JJ 35419 756 2 wood wood NN 35419 756 3 is be VBZ 35419 756 4 peculiarly peculiarly RB 35419 756 5 cross cross JJ 35419 756 6 - - JJ 35419 756 7 grained grained JJ 35419 756 8 , , , 35419 756 9 and and CC 35419 756 10 is be VBZ 35419 756 11 of of IN 35419 756 12 course course NN 35419 756 13 hard hard RB 35419 756 14 to to TO 35419 756 15 plane plane NN 35419 756 16 smooth smooth JJ 35419 756 17 . . . 35419 757 1 But but CC 35419 757 2 when when WRB 35419 757 3 a a DT 35419 757 4 piece piece NN 35419 757 5 is be VBZ 35419 757 6 smoothly smoothly RB 35419 757 7 finished finish VBN 35419 757 8 the the DT 35419 757 9 changing change VBG 35419 757 10 reflection reflection NN 35419 757 11 of of IN 35419 757 12 light light NN 35419 757 13 from from IN 35419 757 14 the the DT 35419 757 15 surface surface NN 35419 757 16 gives give VBZ 35419 757 17 a a DT 35419 757 18 beautiful beautiful JJ 35419 757 19 appearance appearance NN 35419 757 20 , , , 35419 757 21 which which WDT 35419 757 22 can can MD 35419 757 23 be be VB 35419 757 24 enhanced enhance VBN 35419 757 25 by by IN 35419 757 26 staining stain VBG 35419 757 27 and and CC 35419 757 28 polishing polish VBG 35419 757 29 . . . 35419 758 1 It -PRON- PRP 35419 758 2 constitutes constitute VBZ 35419 758 3 the the DT 35419 758 4 characteristic characteristic JJ 35419 758 5 " " `` 35419 758 6 grain grain NN 35419 758 7 " " '' 35419 758 8 of of IN 35419 758 9 striped stripe VBN 35419 758 10 mahogany mahogany NN 35419 758 11 , , , 35419 758 12 Fig Fig NNP 35419 758 13 . . . 35419 759 1 23 23 CD 35419 759 2 . . . 35419 760 1 It -PRON- PRP 35419 760 2 is be VBZ 35419 760 3 rarely rarely RB 35419 760 4 found find VBN 35419 760 5 in in IN 35419 760 6 the the DT 35419 760 7 inner inner JJ 35419 760 8 part part NN 35419 760 9 of of IN 35419 760 10 the the DT 35419 760 11 tree tree NN 35419 760 12 . . . 35419 761 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 761 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 761 3 : : : 35419 761 4 Fig Fig NNP 35419 761 5 . . . 35419 762 1 23 23 CD 35419 762 2 . . . 35419 763 1 Mahogany Mahogany NNP 35419 763 2 , , , 35419 763 3 Showing show VBG 35419 763 4 Alternately alternately RB 35419 763 5 Twisted Twisted NNP 35419 763 6 Grain Grain NNP 35419 763 7 ( ( -LRB- 35419 763 8 full full JJ 35419 763 9 size size NN 35419 763 10 ) ) -RRB- 35419 763 11 . . . 35419 763 12 ] ] -RRB- 35419 764 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 764 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 764 3 : : : 35419 764 4 Fig Fig NNP 35419 764 5 . . . 35419 765 1 24 24 CD 35419 765 2 . . . 35419 766 1 Spiral Spiral NNP 35419 766 2 Grain Grain NNP 35419 766 3 in in IN 35419 766 4 Cypress Cypress NNP 35419 766 5 . . . 35419 767 1 _ _ NNP 35419 767 2 After after IN 35419 767 3 Roth Roth NNP 35419 767 4 . . . 35419 767 5 _ _ NNP 35419 767 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 767 7 Sometimes sometimes RB 35419 767 8 the the DT 35419 767 9 grain grain NN 35419 767 10 of of IN 35419 767 11 wood wood NN 35419 767 12 is be VBZ 35419 767 13 " " `` 35419 767 14 cross cross NNP 35419 767 15 , , , 35419 767 16 " " '' 35419 767 17 because because IN 35419 767 18 it -PRON- PRP 35419 767 19 is be VBZ 35419 767 20 " " `` 35419 767 21 wavy wavy NNP 35419 767 22 " " '' 35419 767 23 either either CC 35419 767 24 in in IN 35419 767 25 a a DT 35419 767 26 radial radial JJ 35419 767 27 or or CC 35419 767 28 a a DT 35419 767 29 tangential tangential JJ 35419 767 30 section section NN 35419 767 31 , , , 35419 767 32 as as IN 35419 767 33 in in IN 35419 767 34 maple maple NN 35419 767 35 , , , 35419 767 36 Fig Fig NNP 35419 767 37 . . . 35419 768 1 25 25 CD 35419 768 2 , , , 35419 768 3 and and CC 35419 768 4 Fig Fig NNP 35419 768 5 . . . 35419 769 1 26 26 CD 35419 769 2 . . . 35419 770 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 770 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 770 3 : : : 35419 770 4 Fig Fig NNP 35419 770 5 . . . 35419 771 1 25 25 CD 35419 771 2 . . . 35419 772 1 Planed Planed NNP 35419 772 2 Surface Surface NNP 35419 772 3 of of IN 35419 772 4 Wavy Wavy NNP 35419 772 5 - - HYPH 35419 772 6 Grained Grained NNP 35419 772 7 Maple Maple NNP 35419 772 8 ( ( -LRB- 35419 772 9 full full JJ 35419 772 10 size size NN 35419 772 11 ) ) -RRB- 35419 772 12 . . . 35419 772 13 ] ] -RRB- 35419 773 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 773 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 773 3 : : : 35419 773 4 Fig Fig NNP 35419 773 5 . . . 35419 774 1 26 26 CD 35419 774 2 . . . 35419 775 1 Split Split NNP 35419 775 2 Surface Surface NNP 35419 775 3 of of IN 35419 775 4 Wavy Wavy NNP 35419 775 5 - - HYPH 35419 775 6 Grained Grained NNP 35419 775 7 Maple Maple NNP 35419 775 8 ( ( -LRB- 35419 775 9 full full JJ 35419 775 10 size size NN 35419 775 11 ) ) -RRB- 35419 775 12 . . . 35419 775 13 ] ] -RRB- 35419 776 1 " " `` 35419 776 2 Curly curly RB 35419 776 3 grain grain NN 35419 776 4 " " '' 35419 776 5 refers refer VBZ 35419 776 6 to to IN 35419 776 7 the the DT 35419 776 8 figure figure NN 35419 776 9 of of IN 35419 776 10 circlets circlet NNS 35419 776 11 and and CC 35419 776 12 islets islet NNS 35419 776 13 and and CC 35419 776 14 contours contour NNS 35419 776 15 , , , 35419 776 16 often often RB 35419 776 17 of of IN 35419 776 18 great great JJ 35419 776 19 beauty beauty NN 35419 776 20 , , , 35419 776 21 caused cause VBN 35419 776 22 by by IN 35419 776 23 cutting cut VBG 35419 776 24 a a DT 35419 776 25 flat flat JJ 35419 776 26 surface surface NN 35419 776 27 in in IN 35419 776 28 crooked crooked JJ 35419 776 29 - - HYPH 35419 776 30 grained grain VBN 35419 776 31 wood wood NN 35419 776 32 . . . 35419 777 1 See see VB 35419 777 2 Fig Fig NNP 35419 777 3 . . . 35419 778 1 27 27 CD 35419 778 2 , , , 35419 778 3 curly curly RB 35419 778 4 long long JJ 35419 778 5 - - HYPH 35419 778 6 leaf leaf NN 35419 778 7 pine pine NN 35419 778 8 , , , 35419 778 9 and and CC 35419 778 10 Fig Fig NNP 35419 778 11 . . . 35419 779 1 28 28 CD 35419 779 2 , , , 35419 779 3 yellow yellow JJ 35419 779 4 poplar poplar NN 35419 779 5 . . . 35419 780 1 When when WRB 35419 780 2 such such JJ 35419 780 3 crookedness crookedness NN 35419 780 4 is be VBZ 35419 780 5 fine fine JJ 35419 780 6 and and CC 35419 780 7 the the DT 35419 780 8 fibers fiber NNS 35419 780 9 are be VBP 35419 780 10 contorted contort VBN 35419 780 11 and and CC 35419 780 12 , , , 35419 780 13 as as IN 35419 780 14 it -PRON- PRP 35419 780 15 were be VBD 35419 780 16 , , , 35419 780 17 crowded crowd VBN 35419 780 18 out out IN 35419 780 19 of of IN 35419 780 20 place place NN 35419 780 21 , , , 35419 780 22 as as IN 35419 780 23 is be VBZ 35419 780 24 common common JJ 35419 780 25 in in IN 35419 780 26 and and CC 35419 780 27 near near IN 35419 780 28 the the DT 35419 780 29 roots root NNS 35419 780 30 of of IN 35419 780 31 trees tree NNS 35419 780 32 , , , 35419 780 33 the the DT 35419 780 34 effect effect NN 35419 780 35 is be VBZ 35419 780 36 called call VBN 35419 780 37 " " `` 35419 780 38 burl burl NN 35419 780 39 , , , 35419 780 40 " " '' 35419 780 41 Fig fig NN 35419 780 42 . . . 35419 781 1 29 29 CD 35419 781 2 . . . 35419 782 1 The the DT 35419 782 2 term term NN 35419 782 3 burl burl NN 35419 782 4 is be VBZ 35419 782 5 also also RB 35419 782 6 used use VBN 35419 782 7 to to TO 35419 782 8 designate designate VB 35419 782 9 knots knot NNS 35419 782 10 and and CC 35419 782 11 knobs knob NNS 35419 782 12 on on IN 35419 782 13 tree tree NN 35419 782 14 trunks trunk NNS 35419 782 15 , , , 35419 782 16 Fig Fig NNP 35419 782 17 . . . 35419 783 1 31 31 CD 35419 783 2 . . . 35419 784 1 Burl Burl NNP 35419 784 2 is be VBZ 35419 784 3 used use VBN 35419 784 4 chiefly chiefly RB 35419 784 5 in in IN 35419 784 6 veneers veneer NNS 35419 784 7 . . . 35419 785 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 785 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 785 3 : : : 35419 785 4 Fig Fig NNP 35419 785 5 . . . 35419 786 1 27 27 CD 35419 786 2 . . . 35419 787 1 Curly curly RB 35419 787 2 Grained grain VBN 35419 787 3 Long long JJ 35419 787 4 - - HYPH 35419 787 5 leaf leaf NN 35419 787 6 Pine Pine NNP 35419 787 7 ( ( -LRB- 35419 787 8 full full JJ 35419 787 9 size size NN 35419 787 10 ) ) -RRB- 35419 787 11 . . . 35419 787 12 ] ] -RRB- 35419 788 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 788 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 788 3 : : : 35419 788 4 Fig Fig NNP 35419 788 5 . . . 35419 789 1 28 28 CD 35419 789 2 . . . 35419 790 1 Curly curly RB 35419 790 2 Yellow yellow JJ 35419 790 3 Poplar poplar NN 35419 790 4 ( ( -LRB- 35419 790 5 full full JJ 35419 790 6 size size NN 35419 790 7 ) ) -RRB- 35419 790 8 . . . 35419 790 9 ] ] -RRB- 35419 791 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 791 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 791 3 : : : 35419 791 4 Fig Fig NNP 35419 791 5 . . . 35419 792 1 29 29 CD 35419 792 2 . . . 35419 793 1 Redwood Redwood NNP 35419 793 2 Burl Burl NNP 35419 793 3 ( ( -LRB- 35419 793 4 full full JJ 35419 793 5 size size NN 35419 793 6 ) ) -RRB- 35419 793 7 . . . 35419 793 8 ] ] -RRB- 35419 794 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 794 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 794 3 : : : 35419 794 4 Fig Fig NNP 35419 794 5 . . . 35419 795 1 30 30 CD 35419 795 2 . . . 35419 796 1 Bird's bird's XX 35419 796 2 - - HYPH 35419 796 3 eye eye NN 35419 796 4 Maple Maple NNP 35419 796 5 ( ( -LRB- 35419 796 6 full full JJ 35419 796 7 size size NN 35419 796 8 . . . 35419 796 9 ) ) -RRB- 35419 796 10 ] ] -RRB- 35419 797 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 797 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 797 3 : : : 35419 797 4 Fig Fig NNP 35419 797 5 . . . 35419 798 1 31 31 CD 35419 798 2 . . . 35419 799 1 Burl burl VB 35419 799 2 on on IN 35419 799 3 White White NNP 35419 799 4 Oak Oak NNP 35419 799 5 . . . 35419 799 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 800 1 Irregularity irregularity NN 35419 800 2 of of IN 35419 800 3 grain grain NN 35419 800 4 is be VBZ 35419 800 5 often often RB 35419 800 6 caused cause VBN 35419 800 7 by by IN 35419 800 8 the the DT 35419 800 9 presence presence NN 35419 800 10 of of IN 35419 800 11 adventitious adventitious JJ 35419 800 12 and and CC 35419 800 13 dormant dormant JJ 35419 800 14 buds bud NNS 35419 800 15 , , , 35419 800 16 which which WDT 35419 800 17 may may MD 35419 800 18 be be VB 35419 800 19 plainly plainly RB 35419 800 20 seen see VBN 35419 800 21 as as IN 35419 800 22 little little JJ 35419 800 23 knobs knob NNS 35419 800 24 on on IN 35419 800 25 the the DT 35419 800 26 surface surface NN 35419 800 27 of of IN 35419 800 28 some some DT 35419 800 29 trees tree NNS 35419 800 30 under under IN 35419 800 31 the the DT 35419 800 32 bark bark NN 35419 800 33 . . . 35419 801 1 In in IN 35419 801 2 most most JJS 35419 801 3 trees tree NNS 35419 801 4 , , , 35419 801 5 these these DT 35419 801 6 irregularities irregularity NNS 35419 801 7 are be VBP 35419 801 8 soon soon RB 35419 801 9 buried bury VBN 35419 801 10 and and CC 35419 801 11 smoothed smooth VBN 35419 801 12 over over RP 35419 801 13 by by IN 35419 801 14 the the DT 35419 801 15 successive successive JJ 35419 801 16 annual annual JJ 35419 801 17 layers layer NNS 35419 801 18 of of IN 35419 801 19 wood wood NN 35419 801 20 , , , 35419 801 21 but but CC 35419 801 22 in in IN 35419 801 23 some some DT 35419 801 24 woods wood NNS 35419 801 25 there there EX 35419 801 26 is be VBZ 35419 801 27 a a DT 35419 801 28 tendency tendency NN 35419 801 29 to to TO 35419 801 30 preserve preserve VB 35419 801 31 the the DT 35419 801 32 irregularities irregularity NNS 35419 801 33 . . . 35419 802 1 On on IN 35419 802 2 slash slash NN 35419 802 3 ( ( -LRB- 35419 802 4 tangent tangent NN 35419 802 5 ) ) -RRB- 35419 802 6 boards board NNS 35419 802 7 of of IN 35419 802 8 such such JJ 35419 802 9 wood wood NN 35419 802 10 , , , 35419 802 11 a a DT 35419 802 12 great great JJ 35419 802 13 number number NN 35419 802 14 of of IN 35419 802 15 little little JJ 35419 802 16 circlets circlet NNS 35419 802 17 appear appear VBP 35419 802 18 , , , 35419 802 19 giving give VBG 35419 802 20 a a DT 35419 802 21 beautiful beautiful JJ 35419 802 22 grain grain NN 35419 802 23 , , , 35419 802 24 as as IN 35419 802 25 in in IN 35419 802 26 " " `` 35419 802 27 Bird's bird's NN 35419 802 28 - - HYPH 35419 802 29 eye eye NN 35419 802 30 maple maple NN 35419 802 31 , , , 35419 802 32 " " '' 35419 802 33 Fig fig NN 35419 802 34 . . . 35419 803 1 30 30 CD 35419 803 2 . . . 35419 804 1 These these DT 35419 804 2 markings marking NNS 35419 804 3 are be VBP 35419 804 4 found find VBN 35419 804 5 to to TO 35419 804 6 predominate predominate VB 35419 804 7 in in IN 35419 804 8 the the DT 35419 804 9 inner inner JJ 35419 804 10 part part NN 35419 804 11 of of IN 35419 804 12 the the DT 35419 804 13 tree tree NN 35419 804 14 . . . 35419 805 1 This this DT 35419 805 2 is be VBZ 35419 805 3 not not RB 35419 805 4 at at RB 35419 805 5 all all RB 35419 805 6 a a DT 35419 805 7 distinct distinct JJ 35419 805 8 variety variety NN 35419 805 9 of of IN 35419 805 10 maple maple NN 35419 805 11 , , , 35419 805 12 as as IN 35419 805 13 is be VBZ 35419 805 14 sometimes sometimes RB 35419 805 15 supposed suppose VBN 35419 805 16 , , , 35419 805 17 but but CC 35419 805 18 the the DT 35419 805 19 common common JJ 35419 805 20 variety variety NN 35419 805 21 , , , 35419 805 22 in in IN 35419 805 23 which which WDT 35419 805 24 the the DT 35419 805 25 phenomenon phenomenon NN 35419 805 26 frequently frequently RB 35419 805 27 appears appear VBZ 35419 805 28 . . . 35419 806 1 Logs log NNS 35419 806 2 of of IN 35419 806 3 great great JJ 35419 806 4 value value NN 35419 806 5 , , , 35419 806 6 having have VBG 35419 806 7 bird's bird's NN 35419 806 8 - - HYPH 35419 806 9 eyes eye NNS 35419 806 10 , , , 35419 806 11 have have VBP 35419 806 12 often often RB 35419 806 13 unsuspectingly unsuspectingly RB 35419 806 14 been be VBN 35419 806 15 chopped chop VBN 35419 806 16 up up RP 35419 806 17 for for IN 35419 806 18 fire fire NN 35419 806 19 wood wood NN 35419 806 20 . . . 35419 807 1 The the DT 35419 807 2 term term NN 35419 807 3 " " `` 35419 807 4 grain grain NN 35419 807 5 " " '' 35419 807 6 may may MD 35419 807 7 also also RB 35419 807 8 mean mean VB 35419 807 9 the the DT 35419 807 10 " " `` 35419 807 11 figure figure NN 35419 807 12 " " '' 35419 807 13 formed form VBN 35419 807 14 by by IN 35419 807 15 the the DT 35419 807 16 presence presence NN 35419 807 17 of of IN 35419 807 18 pith pith NNP 35419 807 19 rays ray NNS 35419 807 20 , , , 35419 807 21 as as IN 35419 807 22 in in IN 35419 807 23 oak oak NN 35419 807 24 , , , 35419 807 25 Fig Fig NNP 35419 807 26 . . . 35419 808 1 32 32 CD 35419 808 2 , , , 35419 808 3 or or CC 35419 808 4 beech beech FW 35419 808 5 , , , 35419 808 6 or or CC 35419 808 7 the the DT 35419 808 8 word word NN 35419 808 9 " " `` 35419 808 10 grain grain NN 35419 808 11 " " '' 35419 808 12 may may MD 35419 808 13 refer refer VB 35419 808 14 simply simply RB 35419 808 15 to to IN 35419 808 16 the the DT 35419 808 17 uneven uneven JJ 35419 808 18 deposit deposit NN 35419 808 19 of of IN 35419 808 20 coloring color VBG 35419 808 21 matter matter NN 35419 808 22 as as IN 35419 808 23 is be VBZ 35419 808 24 common common JJ 35419 808 25 in in IN 35419 808 26 sweet sweet JJ 35419 808 27 gum gum NN 35419 808 28 , , , 35419 808 29 Fig Fig NNP 35419 808 30 . . . 35419 809 1 33 33 CD 35419 809 2 , , , 35419 809 3 black black JJ 35419 809 4 ash ash NN 35419 809 5 , , , 35419 809 6 or or CC 35419 809 7 Circassian circassian JJ 35419 809 8 walnut walnut NN 35419 809 9 . . . 35419 810 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 810 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 810 3 : : : 35419 810 4 Fig Fig NNP 35419 810 5 . . . 35419 811 1 32 32 CD 35419 811 2 . . . 35419 812 1 Figure figure NN 35419 812 2 Formed form VBN 35419 812 3 by by IN 35419 812 4 Pith Pith NNP 35419 812 5 Rays Rays NNPS 35419 812 6 in in IN 35419 812 7 Oak Oak NNP 35419 812 8 ( ( -LRB- 35419 812 9 full full JJ 35419 812 10 size size NN 35419 812 11 ) ) -RRB- 35419 812 12 . . . 35419 812 13 ] ] -RRB- 35419 813 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 813 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 813 3 : : : 35419 813 4 Fig Fig NNP 35419 813 5 . . . 35419 814 1 33 33 CD 35419 814 2 . . . 35419 815 1 Sweet Sweet NNP 35419 815 2 Gum Gum NNP 35419 815 3 , , , 35419 815 4 Showing show VBG 35419 815 5 Uneven Uneven NNP 35419 815 6 Deposit Deposit NNP 35419 815 7 of of IN 35419 815 8 Coloring Coloring NNP 35419 815 9 Matter Matter NNP 35419 815 10 ( ( -LRB- 35419 815 11 full full JJ 35419 815 12 size size NN 35419 815 13 . . . 35419 815 14 ) ) -RRB- 35419 815 15 ] ] -RRB- 35419 816 1 The the DT 35419 816 2 presence presence NN 35419 816 3 of of IN 35419 816 4 a a DT 35419 816 5 limb limb NN 35419 816 6 constitutes constitute VBZ 35419 816 7 a a DT 35419 816 8 knot knot NN 35419 816 9 and and CC 35419 816 10 makes make VBZ 35419 816 11 great great JJ 35419 816 12 irregularity irregularity NN 35419 816 13 in in IN 35419 816 14 the the DT 35419 816 15 grain grain NN 35419 816 16 of of IN 35419 816 17 wood wood NN 35419 816 18 , , , 35419 816 19 Fig Fig NNP 35419 816 20 . . . 35419 817 1 34 34 CD 35419 817 2 . . . 35419 818 1 In in IN 35419 818 2 the the DT 35419 818 3 first first JJ 35419 818 4 place place NN 35419 818 5 , , , 35419 818 6 the the DT 35419 818 7 fibers fiber NNS 35419 818 8 on on IN 35419 818 9 the the DT 35419 818 10 upper upper JJ 35419 818 11 and and CC 35419 818 12 lower low JJR 35419 818 13 sides side NNS 35419 818 14 of of IN 35419 818 15 the the DT 35419 818 16 limb limb NN 35419 818 17 behave behave VBP 35419 818 18 differently differently RB 35419 818 19 , , , 35419 818 20 those those DT 35419 818 21 on on IN 35419 818 22 the the DT 35419 818 23 lower low JJR 35419 818 24 side side NN 35419 818 25 running run VBG 35419 818 26 uninterruptedly uninterruptedly RB 35419 818 27 from from IN 35419 818 28 the the DT 35419 818 29 stem stem NN 35419 818 30 into into IN 35419 818 31 the the DT 35419 818 32 limb limb NN 35419 818 33 , , , 35419 818 34 while while IN 35419 818 35 on on IN 35419 818 36 the the DT 35419 818 37 upper upper JJ 35419 818 38 side side NN 35419 818 39 the the DT 35419 818 40 fibers fiber NNS 35419 818 41 bend bend VBP 35419 818 42 aside aside RB 35419 818 43 making make VBG 35419 818 44 an an DT 35419 818 45 imperfect imperfect JJ 35419 818 46 connection connection NN 35419 818 47 . . . 35419 819 1 Consequently consequently RB 35419 819 2 to to TO 35419 819 3 split split VB 35419 819 4 a a DT 35419 819 5 knot knot NN 35419 819 6 it -PRON- PRP 35419 819 7 is be VBZ 35419 819 8 always always RB 35419 819 9 necessary necessary JJ 35419 819 10 to to TO 35419 819 11 start start VB 35419 819 12 the the DT 35419 819 13 split split NN 35419 819 14 from from IN 35419 819 15 the the DT 35419 819 16 lower low JJR 35419 819 17 side side NN 35419 819 18 . . . 35419 820 1 On on IN 35419 820 2 the the DT 35419 820 3 other other JJ 35419 820 4 hand hand NN 35419 820 5 it -PRON- PRP 35419 820 6 is be VBZ 35419 820 7 easier easy JJR 35419 820 8 to to TO 35419 820 9 split split VB 35419 820 10 around around IN 35419 820 11 a a DT 35419 820 12 knot knot NN 35419 820 13 than than IN 35419 820 14 thru thru IN 35419 820 15 it -PRON- PRP 35419 820 16 . . . 35419 821 1 The the DT 35419 821 2 texture texture NN 35419 821 3 as as RB 35419 821 4 well well RB 35419 821 5 as as IN 35419 821 6 the the DT 35419 821 7 grain grain NN 35419 821 8 of of IN 35419 821 9 wood wood NN 35419 821 10 is be VBZ 35419 821 11 modified modify VBN 35419 821 12 by by IN 35419 821 13 the the DT 35419 821 14 presence presence NN 35419 821 15 of of IN 35419 821 16 a a DT 35419 821 17 branch branch NN 35419 821 18 . . . 35419 822 1 The the DT 35419 822 2 wood wood NN 35419 822 3 in in IN 35419 822 4 and and CC 35419 822 5 around around IN 35419 822 6 a a DT 35419 822 7 knot knot NN 35419 822 8 is be VBZ 35419 822 9 much much RB 35419 822 10 harder hard JJR 35419 822 11 than than IN 35419 822 12 the the DT 35419 822 13 main main JJ 35419 822 14 body body NN 35419 822 15 of of IN 35419 822 16 the the DT 35419 822 17 trunk trunk NN 35419 822 18 on on IN 35419 822 19 account account NN 35419 822 20 of of IN 35419 822 21 the the DT 35419 822 22 crowding crowding NN 35419 822 23 together together RB 35419 822 24 of of IN 35419 822 25 the the DT 35419 822 26 elements element NNS 35419 822 27 . . . 35419 823 1 Knots knot NNS 35419 823 2 are be VBP 35419 823 3 the the DT 35419 823 4 remnants remnant NNS 35419 823 5 of of IN 35419 823 6 branches branch NNS 35419 823 7 left leave VBN 35419 823 8 in in IN 35419 823 9 the the DT 35419 823 10 trunk trunk NN 35419 823 11 . . . 35419 824 1 These these DT 35419 824 2 once once RB 35419 824 3 had have VBD 35419 824 4 all all PDT 35419 824 5 the the DT 35419 824 6 parts part NNS 35419 824 7 of of IN 35419 824 8 the the DT 35419 824 9 trunk trunk NN 35419 824 10 itself -PRON- PRP 35419 824 11 , , , 35419 824 12 namely namely RB 35419 824 13 bark bark NNP 35419 824 14 , , , 35419 824 15 cambium cambium NN 35419 824 16 , , , 35419 824 17 wood wood NN 35419 824 18 , , , 35419 824 19 and and CC 35419 824 20 pith pith NNP 35419 824 21 . . . 35419 825 1 Normally normally RB 35419 825 2 , , , 35419 825 3 branches branch NNS 35419 825 4 grow grow VBP 35419 825 5 from from IN 35419 825 6 the the DT 35419 825 7 pith pith NNP 35419 825 8 , , , 35419 825 9 tho tho VB 35419 825 10 some some DT 35419 825 11 trees tree NNS 35419 825 12 , , , 35419 825 13 as as IN 35419 825 14 Jack Jack NNP 35419 825 15 pine pine NN 35419 825 16 and and CC 35419 825 17 redwood redwood NN 35419 825 18 , , , 35419 825 19 among among IN 35419 825 20 the the DT 35419 825 21 conifers conifer NNS 35419 825 22 , , , 35419 825 23 and and CC 35419 825 24 most most JJS 35419 825 25 of of IN 35419 825 26 the the DT 35419 825 27 broad broad JJ 35419 825 28 - - HYPH 35419 825 29 leaf leaf NN 35419 825 30 trees tree NNS 35419 825 31 have have VBP 35419 825 32 the the DT 35419 825 33 power power NN 35419 825 34 of of IN 35419 825 35 putting put VBG 35419 825 36 out out RP 35419 825 37 at at IN 35419 825 38 any any DT 35419 825 39 time time NN 35419 825 40 adventitious adventitious JJ 35419 825 41 buds bud NNS 35419 825 42 which which WDT 35419 825 43 may may MD 35419 825 44 develop develop VB 35419 825 45 into into IN 35419 825 46 branches branch NNS 35419 825 47 . . . 35419 826 1 When when WRB 35419 826 2 a a DT 35419 826 3 branch branch NN 35419 826 4 dies die VBZ 35419 826 5 , , , 35419 826 6 the the DT 35419 826 7 annual annual JJ 35419 826 8 layer layer NN 35419 826 9 of of IN 35419 826 10 wood wood NN 35419 826 11 no no RB 35419 826 12 longer long RBR 35419 826 13 grows grow VBZ 35419 826 14 upon upon IN 35419 826 15 it -PRON- PRP 35419 826 16 , , , 35419 826 17 but but CC 35419 826 18 the the DT 35419 826 19 successive successive JJ 35419 826 20 layers layer NNS 35419 826 21 of of IN 35419 826 22 wood wood NN 35419 826 23 on on IN 35419 826 24 the the DT 35419 826 25 trunk trunk NN 35419 826 26 itself -PRON- PRP 35419 826 27 close close VBP 35419 826 28 tighter tight JJR 35419 826 29 and and CC 35419 826 30 tighter tight JJR 35419 826 31 around around IN 35419 826 32 it -PRON- PRP 35419 826 33 , , , 35419 826 34 until until IN 35419 826 35 it -PRON- PRP 35419 826 36 is be VBZ 35419 826 37 broken break VBN 35419 826 38 off off RP 35419 826 39 . . . 35419 827 1 Then then RB 35419 827 2 , , , 35419 827 3 unless unless IN 35419 827 4 it -PRON- PRP 35419 827 5 has have VBZ 35419 827 6 begun begin VBN 35419 827 7 to to TO 35419 827 8 decay decay VB 35419 827 9 , , , 35419 827 10 it -PRON- PRP 35419 827 11 is be VBZ 35419 827 12 successively successively RB 35419 827 13 overgrown overgrow VBN 35419 827 14 by by IN 35419 827 15 annual annual JJ 35419 827 16 layers layer NNS 35419 827 17 , , , 35419 827 18 so so IN 35419 827 19 that that IN 35419 827 20 no no DT 35419 827 21 sign sign NN 35419 827 22 of of IN 35419 827 23 it -PRON- PRP 35419 827 24 appears appear VBZ 35419 827 25 until until IN 35419 827 26 the the DT 35419 827 27 trunk trunk NN 35419 827 28 is be VBZ 35419 827 29 cut cut VBN 35419 827 30 open open JJ 35419 827 31 . . . 35419 828 1 A a DT 35419 828 2 large large JJ 35419 828 3 trunk trunk NN 35419 828 4 perfectly perfectly RB 35419 828 5 clean clean JJ 35419 828 6 of of IN 35419 828 7 branches branch NNS 35419 828 8 on on IN 35419 828 9 the the DT 35419 828 10 outside outside NN 35419 828 11 may may MD 35419 828 12 have have VB 35419 828 13 many many JJ 35419 828 14 knots knot NNS 35419 828 15 around around IN 35419 828 16 its -PRON- PRP$ 35419 828 17 center center NN 35419 828 18 , , , 35419 828 19 remnants remnant NNS 35419 828 20 of of IN 35419 828 21 branches branch NNS 35419 828 22 which which WDT 35419 828 23 grew grow VBD 35419 828 24 there there RB 35419 828 25 in in IN 35419 828 26 its -PRON- PRP$ 35419 828 27 youth youth NN 35419 828 28 , , , 35419 828 29 as as IN 35419 828 30 in in IN 35419 828 31 Fig Fig NNP 35419 828 32 . . . 35419 829 1 34 34 CD 35419 829 2 , , , 35419 829 3 and and CC 35419 829 4 Fig Fig NNP 35419 829 5 . . . 35419 830 1 8 8 CD 35419 830 2 , , , 35419 830 3 p. p. NN 35419 830 4 18 18 CD 35419 830 5 . . . 35419 831 1 The the DT 35419 831 2 general general JJ 35419 831 3 effect effect NN 35419 831 4 of of IN 35419 831 5 the the DT 35419 831 6 presence presence NN 35419 831 7 of of IN 35419 831 8 a a DT 35419 831 9 knot knot NN 35419 831 10 is be VBZ 35419 831 11 , , , 35419 831 12 that that IN 35419 831 13 the the DT 35419 831 14 fibers fiber NNS 35419 831 15 that that WDT 35419 831 16 grow grow VBP 35419 831 17 around around RB 35419 831 18 and and CC 35419 831 19 over over IN 35419 831 20 it -PRON- PRP 35419 831 21 are be VBP 35419 831 22 bent bent JJ 35419 831 23 , , , 35419 831 24 and and CC 35419 831 25 this this DT 35419 831 26 , , , 35419 831 27 of of IN 35419 831 28 course course NN 35419 831 29 , , , 35419 831 30 produces produce VBZ 35419 831 31 crooked crooked JJ 35419 831 32 grain grain NN 35419 831 33 . . . 35419 832 1 Following follow VBG 35419 832 2 are be VBP 35419 832 3 the the DT 35419 832 4 designations designation NNS 35419 832 5 given give VBN 35419 832 6 to to IN 35419 832 7 different different JJ 35419 832 8 knots knot NNS 35419 832 9 by by IN 35419 832 10 lumbermen lumberman NNS 35419 832 11 : : : 35419 832 12 A a DT 35419 832 13 _ _ NNP 35419 832 14 sound sound NN 35419 832 15 _ _ NNP 35419 832 16 knot knot NN 35419 832 17 is be VBZ 35419 832 18 one one CD 35419 832 19 which which WDT 35419 832 20 is be VBZ 35419 832 21 solid solid JJ 35419 832 22 across across IN 35419 832 23 its -PRON- PRP$ 35419 832 24 face face NN 35419 832 25 and and CC 35419 832 26 is be VBZ 35419 832 27 as as RB 35419 832 28 hard hard JJ 35419 832 29 as as IN 35419 832 30 the the DT 35419 832 31 wood wood NN 35419 832 32 surrounding surround VBG 35419 832 33 it -PRON- PRP 35419 832 34 and and CC 35419 832 35 fixed fix VBN 35419 832 36 in in IN 35419 832 37 position position NN 35419 832 38 . . . 35419 833 1 A a DT 35419 833 2 _ _ NNP 35419 833 3 pin pin NNP 35419 833 4 _ _ NNP 35419 833 5 knot knot NN 35419 833 6 is be VBZ 35419 833 7 sound sound JJ 35419 833 8 , , , 35419 833 9 but but CC 35419 833 10 not not RB 35419 833 11 over over IN 35419 833 12 1/4 1/4 CD 35419 833 13 " " '' 35419 833 14 in in IN 35419 833 15 diameter diameter NN 35419 833 16 . . . 35419 834 1 A a DT 35419 834 2 _ _ NNP 35419 834 3 standard standard JJ 35419 834 4 _ _ NNP 35419 834 5 knot knot NN 35419 834 6 is be VBZ 35419 834 7 sound sound JJ 35419 834 8 , , , 35419 834 9 but but CC 35419 834 10 not not RB 35419 834 11 over over IN 35419 834 12 1 1 CD 35419 834 13 - - SYM 35419 834 14 1/2 1/2 CD 35419 834 15 " " '' 35419 834 16 in in IN 35419 834 17 diameter diameter NN 35419 834 18 . . . 35419 835 1 A a DT 35419 835 2 _ _ NNP 35419 835 3 large large JJ 35419 835 4 _ _ NNP 35419 835 5 knot knot NN 35419 835 6 is be VBZ 35419 835 7 sound sound JJ 35419 835 8 , , , 35419 835 9 and and CC 35419 835 10 over over IN 35419 835 11 1 1 CD 35419 835 12 - - SYM 35419 835 13 1/2 1/2 CD 35419 835 14 " " '' 35419 835 15 in in IN 35419 835 16 diameter diameter NN 35419 835 17 . . . 35419 836 1 A a DT 35419 836 2 _ _ NNP 35419 836 3 spike spike JJ 35419 836 4 _ _ NNP 35419 836 5 knot knot NN 35419 836 6 is be VBZ 35419 836 7 one one CD 35419 836 8 sawn sawn NN 35419 836 9 in in IN 35419 836 10 a a DT 35419 836 11 lengthwise lengthwise JJ 35419 836 12 position position NN 35419 836 13 . . . 35419 837 1 A a DT 35419 837 2 _ _ NNP 35419 837 3 dead dead JJ 35419 837 4 _ _ NNP 35419 837 5 , , , 35419 837 6 or or CC 35419 837 7 , , , 35419 837 8 _ _ NNP 35419 837 9 loose loose JJ 35419 837 10 _ _ NNP 35419 837 11 knot knot NN 35419 837 12 is be VBZ 35419 837 13 one one CD 35419 837 14 not not RB 35419 837 15 firmly firmly RB 35419 837 16 held hold VBN 35419 837 17 in in IN 35419 837 18 place place NN 35419 837 19 by by IN 35419 837 20 growth growth NN 35419 837 21 or or CC 35419 837 22 position position NN 35419 837 23 . . . 35419 838 1 ( ( -LRB- 35419 838 2 4 4 LS 35419 838 3 ) ) -RRB- 35419 838 4 _ _ NNP 35419 838 5 Pith Pith NNP 35419 838 6 . . . 35419 838 7 _ _ NNP 35419 838 8 At at IN 35419 838 9 the the DT 35419 838 10 center center NN 35419 838 11 or or CC 35419 838 12 axis axis RB 35419 838 13 of of IN 35419 838 14 the the DT 35419 838 15 tree tree NN 35419 838 16 is be VBZ 35419 838 17 the the DT 35419 838 18 pith pith NNP 35419 838 19 or or CC 35419 838 20 _ _ NNP 35419 838 21 medulla medulla NNP 35419 838 22 _ _ NNP 35419 838 23 , , , 35419 838 24 Fig Fig NNP 35419 838 25 . . . 35419 839 1 34 34 CD 35419 839 2 . . . 35419 840 1 In in IN 35419 840 2 every every DT 35419 840 3 bud bud NN 35419 840 4 , , , 35419 840 5 that that RB 35419 840 6 is is RB 35419 840 7 , , , 35419 840 8 at at IN 35419 840 9 the the DT 35419 840 10 apex apex NN 35419 840 11 of of IN 35419 840 12 every every DT 35419 840 13 stem stem NN 35419 840 14 and and CC 35419 840 15 branch branch NN 35419 840 16 , , , 35419 840 17 the the DT 35419 840 18 pith pith NNP 35419 840 19 is be VBZ 35419 840 20 the the DT 35419 840 21 growing grow VBG 35419 840 22 part part NN 35419 840 23 ; ; : 35419 840 24 but but CC 35419 840 25 as as IN 35419 840 26 the the DT 35419 840 27 stem stem NN 35419 840 28 lengthens lengthen VBZ 35419 840 29 and and CC 35419 840 30 becomes become VBZ 35419 840 31 overgrown overgrow VBN 35419 840 32 by by IN 35419 840 33 successive successive JJ 35419 840 34 layers layer NNS 35419 840 35 of of IN 35419 840 36 wood wood NN 35419 840 37 the the DT 35419 840 38 pith pith NNP 35419 840 39 loses lose VBZ 35419 840 40 its -PRON- PRP$ 35419 840 41 vital vital JJ 35419 840 42 function function NN 35419 840 43 . . . 35419 841 1 It -PRON- PRP 35419 841 2 does do VBZ 35419 841 3 not not RB 35419 841 4 grow grow VB 35419 841 5 with with IN 35419 841 6 the the DT 35419 841 7 plant plant NN 35419 841 8 except except IN 35419 841 9 at at IN 35419 841 10 the the DT 35419 841 11 buds bud NNS 35419 841 12 . . . 35419 842 1 It -PRON- PRP 35419 842 2 varies vary VBZ 35419 842 3 in in IN 35419 842 4 thickness thickness NN 35419 842 5 , , , 35419 842 6 being be VBG 35419 842 7 very very RB 35419 842 8 small,--hardly small,--hardly RB 35419 842 9 more more JJR 35419 842 10 than than IN 35419 842 11 1/16 1/16 CD 35419 842 12 " " '' 35419 842 13 , , , 35419 842 14 in in IN 35419 842 15 cedar cedar NN 35419 842 16 and and CC 35419 842 17 larch,--and larch,--and XX 35419 842 18 so so RB 35419 842 19 small small JJ 35419 842 20 in in IN 35419 842 21 oak oak NN 35419 842 22 as as IN 35419 842 23 to to TO 35419 842 24 be be VB 35419 842 25 hardly hardly RB 35419 842 26 discernible discernible JJ 35419 842 27 ; ; : 35419 842 28 and and CC 35419 842 29 what what WP 35419 842 30 there there EX 35419 842 31 is be VBZ 35419 842 32 of of IN 35419 842 33 it -PRON- PRP 35419 842 34 turns turn VBZ 35419 842 35 hard hard JJ 35419 842 36 and and CC 35419 842 37 dark dark JJ 35419 842 38 . . . 35419 843 1 In in IN 35419 843 2 herbs herb NNS 35419 843 3 and and CC 35419 843 4 shoots shoot NNS 35419 843 5 it -PRON- PRP 35419 843 6 is be VBZ 35419 843 7 relatively relatively RB 35419 843 8 large large JJ 35419 843 9 , , , 35419 843 10 Fig Fig NNP 35419 843 11 . . . 35419 844 1 5 5 CD 35419 844 2 , , , 35419 844 3 p. p. NN 35419 844 4 15 15 CD 35419 844 5 , , , 35419 844 6 in in IN 35419 844 7 a a DT 35419 844 8 three three CD 35419 844 9 - - HYPH 35419 844 10 year year NN 35419 844 11 old old JJ 35419 844 12 shoot shoot NN 35419 844 13 of of IN 35419 844 14 elder elder NN 35419 844 15 , , , 35419 844 16 for for IN 35419 844 17 example example NN 35419 844 18 , , , 35419 844 19 being be VBG 35419 844 20 as as RB 35419 844 21 wide wide JJ 35419 844 22 as as IN 35419 844 23 the the DT 35419 844 24 wood wood NN 35419 844 25 . . . 35419 845 1 In in IN 35419 845 2 elder elder NN 35419 845 3 , , , 35419 845 4 moreover moreover RB 35419 845 5 , , , 35419 845 6 it -PRON- PRP 35419 845 7 dies die VBZ 35419 845 8 early early RB 35419 845 9 and and CC 35419 845 10 pulverizes pulverize NNS 35419 845 11 , , , 35419 845 12 leaving leave VBG 35419 845 13 the the DT 35419 845 14 stem stem NN 35419 845 15 hollow hollow JJ 35419 845 16 . . . 35419 846 1 Its -PRON- PRP$ 35419 846 2 function function NN 35419 846 3 is be VBZ 35419 846 4 one one CD 35419 846 5 of of IN 35419 846 6 only only RB 35419 846 7 temporary temporary JJ 35419 846 8 value value NN 35419 846 9 to to IN 35419 846 10 the the DT 35419 846 11 plant plant NN 35419 846 12 . . . 35419 847 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 847 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 847 3 : : : 35419 847 4 Fig Fig NNP 35419 847 5 . . . 35419 848 1 34 34 CD 35419 848 2 . . . 35419 849 1 Section section NN 35419 849 2 Thru Thru NNP 35419 849 3 the the DT 35419 849 4 Trunk Trunk NNP 35419 849 5 of of IN 35419 849 6 a a DT 35419 849 7 Seven Seven NNP 35419 849 8 Year Year NNP 35419 849 9 Old Old NNP 35419 849 10 Tree Tree NNP 35419 849 11 , , , 35419 849 12 Showing show VBG 35419 849 13 Relation relation NN 35419 849 14 of of IN 35419 849 15 Branches branch NNS 35419 849 16 to to IN 35419 849 17 Main Main NNP 35419 849 18 Stem Stem NNP 35419 849 19 . . . 35419 850 1 A a DT 35419 850 2 , , , 35419 850 3 B b NN 35419 850 4 , , , 35419 850 5 two two CD 35419 850 6 branches branch NNS 35419 850 7 which which WDT 35419 850 8 were be VBD 35419 850 9 killed kill VBN 35419 850 10 after after IN 35419 850 11 a a DT 35419 850 12 few few JJ 35419 850 13 years year NNS 35419 850 14 ' ' POS 35419 850 15 growth growth NN 35419 850 16 by by IN 35419 850 17 shading shade VBG 35419 850 18 , , , 35419 850 19 and and CC 35419 850 20 which which WDT 35419 850 21 have have VBP 35419 850 22 been be VBN 35419 850 23 overgrown overgrow VBN 35419 850 24 by by IN 35419 850 25 the the DT 35419 850 26 annual annual JJ 35419 850 27 rings ring NNS 35419 850 28 of of IN 35419 850 29 wood wood NN 35419 850 30 ; ; : 35419 850 31 C C NNP 35419 850 32 , , , 35419 850 33 a a DT 35419 850 34 limb limb NN 35419 850 35 which which WDT 35419 850 36 lived live VBD 35419 850 37 four four CD 35419 850 38 years year NNS 35419 850 39 , , , 35419 850 40 then then RB 35419 850 41 died die VBD 35419 850 42 and and CC 35419 850 43 broke break VBD 35419 850 44 off off RP 35419 850 45 near near IN 35419 850 46 the the DT 35419 850 47 stem stem NN 35419 850 48 , , , 35419 850 49 leaving leave VBG 35419 850 50 the the DT 35419 850 51 part part NN 35419 850 52 to to IN 35419 850 53 the the DT 35419 850 54 left left NN 35419 850 55 of of IN 35419 850 56 XY XY NNP 35419 850 57 a a DT 35419 850 58 " " `` 35419 850 59 sound sound JJ 35419 850 60 " " '' 35419 850 61 knot knot NN 35419 850 62 , , , 35419 850 63 and and CC 35419 850 64 the the DT 35419 850 65 part part NN 35419 850 66 to to IN 35419 850 67 the the DT 35419 850 68 right right JJ 35419 850 69 a a DT 35419 850 70 " " `` 35419 850 71 dead dead JJ 35419 850 72 " " '' 35419 850 73 knot knot NN 35419 850 74 , , , 35419 850 75 which which WDT 35419 850 76 unless unless IN 35419 850 77 rotting rot VBG 35419 850 78 sets set NNS 35419 850 79 in in RP 35419 850 80 , , , 35419 850 81 would would MD 35419 850 82 in in IN 35419 850 83 time time NN 35419 850 84 be be VB 35419 850 85 entirely entirely RB 35419 850 86 covered cover VBN 35419 850 87 by by IN 35419 850 88 the the DT 35419 850 89 growing grow VBG 35419 850 90 trunk trunk NN 35419 850 91 ; ; : 35419 850 92 D d NN 35419 850 93 , , , 35419 850 94 a a DT 35419 850 95 branch branch NN 35419 850 96 that that WDT 35419 850 97 has have VBZ 35419 850 98 remained remain VBN 35419 850 99 alive alive JJ 35419 850 100 and and CC 35419 850 101 has have VBZ 35419 850 102 increased increase VBN 35419 850 103 in in IN 35419 850 104 size size NN 35419 850 105 like like IN 35419 850 106 the the DT 35419 850 107 main main JJ 35419 850 108 stem stem NN 35419 850 109 ; ; : 35419 850 110 P p NN 35419 850 111 , , , 35419 850 112 P p NN 35419 850 113 , , , 35419 850 114 pith pith NN 35419 850 115 of of IN 35419 850 116 both both DT 35419 850 117 stem stem NN 35419 850 118 and and CC 35419 850 119 limb limb NN 35419 850 120 . . . 35419 850 121 ] ] -RRB- 35419 851 1 THE the DT 35419 851 2 STRUCTURE structure NN 35419 851 3 OF of IN 35419 851 4 WOOD wood NN 35419 851 5 . . . 35419 852 1 REFERENCES:[A REFERENCES:[A NNP 35419 852 2 ] ] -RRB- 35419 852 3 Roth Roth NNP 35419 852 4 , , , 35419 852 5 _ _ NNP 35419 852 6 Forest Forest NNP 35419 852 7 Bull Bull NNP 35419 852 8 . . . 35419 852 9 _ _ NNP 35419 852 10 No no UH 35419 852 11 . . . 35419 853 1 10 10 CD 35419 853 2 , , , 35419 853 3 pp pp NNP 35419 853 4 . . . 35419 854 1 11 11 CD 35419 854 2 - - SYM 35419 854 3 23 23 CD 35419 854 4 . . . 35419 855 1 Boulger boulger NN 35419 855 2 , , , 35419 855 3 pp pp NNP 35419 855 4 . . . 35419 856 1 1 1 CD 35419 856 2 - - SYM 35419 856 3 39 39 CD 35419 856 4 . . . 35419 857 1 Sickles Sickles NNP 35419 857 2 , , , 35419 857 3 pp pp NNP 35419 857 4 . . . 35419 858 1 11 11 CD 35419 858 2 - - SYM 35419 858 3 20 20 CD 35419 858 4 . . . 35419 859 1 Pinchot pinchot JJ 35419 859 2 , , , 35419 859 3 _ _ NNP 35419 859 4 Forest Forest NNP 35419 859 5 Bull Bull NNP 35419 859 6 . . . 35419 859 7 _ _ NNP 35419 859 8 No no UH 35419 859 9 . . . 35419 860 1 24 24 CD 35419 860 2 , , , 35419 860 3 I -PRON- PRP 35419 860 4 , , , 35419 860 5 pp pp NNP 35419 860 6 . . . 35419 861 1 11 11 CD 35419 861 2 - - SYM 35419 861 3 24 24 CD 35419 861 4 . . . 35419 862 1 Keeler Keeler NNP 35419 862 2 , , , 35419 862 3 pp pp NNP 35419 862 4 . . . 35419 863 1 514 514 CD 35419 863 2 - - SYM 35419 863 3 517 517 CD 35419 863 4 . . . 35419 864 1 Curtis Curtis NNP 35419 864 2 , , , 35419 864 3 pp pp NNP 35419 864 4 . . . 35419 865 1 62 62 CD 35419 865 2 - - SYM 35419 865 3 85 85 CD 35419 865 4 . . . 35419 866 1 Woodcraft Woodcraft NNP 35419 866 2 , , , 35419 866 3 15 15 CD 35419 866 4 : : SYM 35419 866 5 3 3 CD 35419 866 6 , , , 35419 866 7 p. p. NN 35419 866 8 90 90 CD 35419 866 9 . . . 35419 867 1 Bitting Bitting NNP 35419 867 2 , , , 35419 867 3 _ _ NNP 35419 867 4 Wood Wood NNP 35419 867 5 Craft Craft NNP 35419 867 6 _ _ NNP 35419 867 7 , , , 35419 867 8 5 5 CD 35419 867 9 : : SYM 35419 867 10 76 76 CD 35419 867 11 , , , 35419 867 12 106 106 CD 35419 867 13 , , , 35419 867 14 144 144 CD 35419 867 15 , , , 35419 867 16 172 172 CD 35419 867 17 , , , 35419 867 18 ( ( -LRB- 35419 867 19 June June NNP 35419 867 20 - - HYPH 35419 867 21 Sept Sept NNP 35419 867 22 . . NNP 35419 867 23 1906 1906 CD 35419 867 24 ) ) -RRB- 35419 867 25 . . . 35419 868 1 Ward Ward NNP 35419 868 2 , , , 35419 868 3 pp pp NNP 35419 868 4 . . . 35419 869 1 1 1 CD 35419 869 2 - - SYM 35419 869 3 38 38 CD 35419 869 4 . . . 35419 870 1 _ _ NNP 35419 870 2 Encyc Encyc NNP 35419 870 3 . . . 35419 871 1 Brit Brit NNP 35419 871 2 . . . 35419 871 3 _ _ NNP 35419 871 4 , , , 35419 871 5 11th 11th NNP 35419 871 6 Ed Ed NNP 35419 871 7 . . . 35419 871 8 , , , 35419 871 9 " " `` 35419 871 10 Plants plant NNS 35419 871 11 , , , 35419 871 12 " " '' 35419 871 13 p. p. NN 35419 871 14 741 741 CD 35419 871 15 . . . 35419 872 1 Strasburger Strasburger NNP 35419 872 2 , , , 35419 872 3 pp pp NNP 35419 872 4 . . . 35419 873 1 120 120 CD 35419 873 2 - - SYM 35419 873 3 144 144 CD 35419 873 4 and and CC 35419 873 5 Part Part NNP 35419 873 6 II II NNP 35419 873 7 , , , 35419 873 8 Sec Sec NNP 35419 873 9 . . . 35419 874 1 II ii CD 35419 874 2 . . . 35419 875 1 Snow Snow NNP 35419 875 2 , , , 35419 875 3 pp pp NNP 35419 875 4 . . . 35419 876 1 7 7 CD 35419 876 2 - - SYM 35419 876 3 9 9 CD 35419 876 4 , , , 35419 876 5 183 183 CD 35419 876 6 . . . 35419 877 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 877 2 Footnote Footnote NNP 35419 877 3 A A NNP 35419 877 4 : : : 35419 877 5 For for IN 35419 877 6 general general JJ 35419 877 7 bibliography bibliography NN 35419 877 8 , , , 35419 877 9 see see VB 35419 877 10 p. p. NN 35419 878 1 4 4 LS 35419 878 2 . . . 35419 878 3 ] ] -RRB- 35419 879 1 CHAPTER CHAPTER NNP 35419 879 2 II II NNP 35419 879 3 . . . 35419 880 1 PROPERTIES property NNS 35419 880 2 OF of IN 35419 880 3 WOOD WOOD NNP 35419 880 4 . . . 35419 881 1 There there EX 35419 881 2 are be VBP 35419 881 3 many many JJ 35419 881 4 properties property NNS 35419 881 5 of of IN 35419 881 6 wood,--some wood,--some JJ 35419 881 7 predominant predominant NN 35419 881 8 in in IN 35419 881 9 one one CD 35419 881 10 species specie NNS 35419 881 11 , , , 35419 881 12 some some DT 35419 881 13 in in IN 35419 881 14 another,--that another,--that NNP 35419 881 15 make make VB 35419 881 16 it -PRON- PRP 35419 881 17 suitable suitable JJ 35419 881 18 for for IN 35419 881 19 a a DT 35419 881 20 great great JJ 35419 881 21 variety variety NN 35419 881 22 of of IN 35419 881 23 uses use NNS 35419 881 24 . . . 35419 882 1 Sometimes sometimes RB 35419 882 2 it -PRON- PRP 35419 882 3 is be VBZ 35419 882 4 a a DT 35419 882 5 combination combination NN 35419 882 6 of of IN 35419 882 7 properties property NNS 35419 882 8 that that WDT 35419 882 9 gives give VBZ 35419 882 10 value value NN 35419 882 11 to to IN 35419 882 12 a a DT 35419 882 13 wood wood NN 35419 882 14 . . . 35419 883 1 Among among IN 35419 883 2 these these DT 35419 883 3 properties property NNS 35419 883 4 are be VBP 35419 883 5 hygroscopicity hygroscopicity NN 35419 883 6 , , , 35419 883 7 shrinkage shrinkage NN 35419 883 8 , , , 35419 883 9 weight weight NN 35419 883 10 , , , 35419 883 11 strength strength NN 35419 883 12 , , , 35419 883 13 cleavability cleavability NN 35419 883 14 , , , 35419 883 15 elasticity elasticity NN 35419 883 16 , , , 35419 883 17 hardness hardness NN 35419 883 18 , , , 35419 883 19 and and CC 35419 883 20 toughness toughness NN 35419 883 21 . . . 35419 884 1 THE the DT 35419 884 2 HYGROSCOPICITY[1 hygroscopicity[1 RB 35419 884 3 ] ] -RRB- 35419 884 4 OF of IN 35419 884 5 WOOD wood NN 35419 884 6 . . . 35419 885 1 It -PRON- PRP 35419 885 2 is be VBZ 35419 885 3 evident evident JJ 35419 885 4 that that IN 35419 885 5 water water NN 35419 885 6 plays play VBZ 35419 885 7 a a DT 35419 885 8 large large JJ 35419 885 9 part part NN 35419 885 10 in in IN 35419 885 11 the the DT 35419 885 12 economy economy NN 35419 885 13 of of IN 35419 885 14 the the DT 35419 885 15 tree tree NN 35419 885 16 . . . 35419 886 1 It -PRON- PRP 35419 886 2 occurs occur VBZ 35419 886 3 in in IN 35419 886 4 wood wood NN 35419 886 5 in in IN 35419 886 6 three three CD 35419 886 7 different different JJ 35419 886 8 ways way NNS 35419 886 9 : : : 35419 886 10 In in IN 35419 886 11 the the DT 35419 886 12 sap sap NN 35419 886 13 which which WDT 35419 886 14 fills fill VBZ 35419 886 15 or or CC 35419 886 16 partly partly RB 35419 886 17 fills fill VBZ 35419 886 18 the the DT 35419 886 19 cavities cavity NNS 35419 886 20 of of IN 35419 886 21 the the DT 35419 886 22 wood wood NN 35419 886 23 cells cell NNS 35419 886 24 , , , 35419 886 25 in in IN 35419 886 26 the the DT 35419 886 27 cell cell NN 35419 886 28 walls wall NNS 35419 886 29 which which WDT 35419 886 30 it -PRON- PRP 35419 886 31 saturates saturate VBZ 35419 886 32 , , , 35419 886 33 and and CC 35419 886 34 in in IN 35419 886 35 the the DT 35419 886 36 live live JJ 35419 886 37 protoplasm protoplasm NN 35419 886 38 , , , 35419 886 39 of of IN 35419 886 40 which which WDT 35419 886 41 it -PRON- PRP 35419 886 42 constitutes constitute VBZ 35419 886 43 90 90 CD 35419 886 44 per per NN 35419 886 45 cent cent NN 35419 886 46 . . . 35419 887 1 The the DT 35419 887 2 younger young JJR 35419 887 3 the the DT 35419 887 4 wood wood NN 35419 887 5 , , , 35419 887 6 the the DT 35419 887 7 more more JJR 35419 887 8 water water NN 35419 887 9 it -PRON- PRP 35419 887 10 contains contain VBZ 35419 887 11 , , , 35419 887 12 hence hence RB 35419 887 13 the the DT 35419 887 14 sap sap NN 35419 887 15 - - HYPH 35419 887 16 wood wood NN 35419 887 17 contains contain VBZ 35419 887 18 much much RB 35419 887 19 more more JJR 35419 887 20 than than IN 35419 887 21 the the DT 35419 887 22 heart heart NN 35419 887 23 - - HYPH 35419 887 24 wood wood NN 35419 887 25 , , , 35419 887 26 at at IN 35419 887 27 times time NNS 35419 887 28 even even RB 35419 887 29 twice twice PDT 35419 887 30 as as RB 35419 887 31 much much JJ 35419 887 32 . . . 35419 888 1 In in IN 35419 888 2 fresh fresh JJ 35419 888 3 sap sap NN 35419 888 4 - - HYPH 35419 888 5 wood wood NN 35419 888 6 , , , 35419 888 7 60 60 CD 35419 888 8 per per NN 35419 888 9 cent cent NN 35419 888 10 . . . 35419 889 1 of of IN 35419 889 2 the the DT 35419 889 3 water water NN 35419 889 4 is be VBZ 35419 889 5 in in IN 35419 889 6 the the DT 35419 889 7 cell cell NN 35419 889 8 cavities cavity NNS 35419 889 9 , , , 35419 889 10 35 35 CD 35419 889 11 per per NN 35419 889 12 cent cent NN 35419 889 13 . . . 35419 890 1 in in IN 35419 890 2 the the DT 35419 890 3 cell cell NN 35419 890 4 walls wall NNS 35419 890 5 , , , 35419 890 6 and and CC 35419 890 7 only only RB 35419 890 8 5 5 CD 35419 890 9 per per NN 35419 890 10 cent cent NN 35419 890 11 . . . 35419 891 1 in in IN 35419 891 2 the the DT 35419 891 3 protoplasm protoplasm NN 35419 891 4 . . . 35419 892 1 There there EX 35419 892 2 is be VBZ 35419 892 3 so so RB 35419 892 4 much much JJ 35419 892 5 water water NN 35419 892 6 in in IN 35419 892 7 green green JJ 35419 892 8 wood wood NN 35419 892 9 that that WDT 35419 892 10 a a DT 35419 892 11 sappy sappy NN 35419 892 12 pole pole NN 35419 892 13 will will MD 35419 892 14 soon soon RB 35419 892 15 sink sink VB 35419 892 16 when when WRB 35419 892 17 set set VBN 35419 892 18 afloat afloat RB 35419 892 19 . . . 35419 893 1 The the DT 35419 893 2 reason reason NN 35419 893 3 why why WRB 35419 893 4 there there EX 35419 893 5 is be VBZ 35419 893 6 much much RB 35419 893 7 less less JJR 35419 893 8 water water NN 35419 893 9 in in IN 35419 893 10 heart heart NN 35419 893 11 - - HYPH 35419 893 12 wood wood NN 35419 893 13 is be VBZ 35419 893 14 because because IN 35419 893 15 its -PRON- PRP$ 35419 893 16 cells cell NNS 35419 893 17 are be VBP 35419 893 18 dead dead JJ 35419 893 19 and and CC 35419 893 20 inactive inactive JJ 35419 893 21 , , , 35419 893 22 and and CC 35419 893 23 hence hence RB 35419 893 24 without without IN 35419 893 25 sap sap NN 35419 893 26 and and CC 35419 893 27 without without IN 35419 893 28 protoplasm protoplasm NN 35419 893 29 . . . 35419 894 1 There there EX 35419 894 2 is be VBZ 35419 894 3 only only RB 35419 894 4 what what WP 35419 894 5 saturates saturate VBZ 35419 894 6 the the DT 35419 894 7 cell cell NN 35419 894 8 walls wall NNS 35419 894 9 . . . 35419 895 1 Even even RB 35419 895 2 so so RB 35419 895 3 , , , 35419 895 4 there there EX 35419 895 5 is be VBZ 35419 895 6 considerable considerable JJ 35419 895 7 water water NN 35419 895 8 in in IN 35419 895 9 heart heart NN 35419 895 10 - - HYPH 35419 895 11 wood wood NN 35419 895 12 . . . 35419 896 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 896 2 2 2 LS 35419 896 3 ] ] -RRB- 35419 896 4 The the DT 35419 896 5 lighter light JJR 35419 896 6 kinds kind NNS 35419 896 7 have have VBP 35419 896 8 the the DT 35419 896 9 most most JJS 35419 896 10 water water NN 35419 896 11 in in IN 35419 896 12 the the DT 35419 896 13 sap sap NN 35419 896 14 - - HYPH 35419 896 15 wood wood NN 35419 896 16 , , , 35419 896 17 thus thus RB 35419 896 18 sycamore sycamore NN 35419 896 19 has have VBZ 35419 896 20 more more JJR 35419 896 21 than than IN 35419 896 22 hickory hickory JJ 35419 896 23 . . . 35419 897 1 Curiously curiously RB 35419 897 2 enough enough JJ 35419 897 3 , , , 35419 897 4 a a DT 35419 897 5 tree tree NN 35419 897 6 contains contain VBZ 35419 897 7 about about IN 35419 897 8 as as RB 35419 897 9 much much JJ 35419 897 10 water water NN 35419 897 11 in in IN 35419 897 12 winter winter NN 35419 897 13 as as IN 35419 897 14 in in IN 35419 897 15 summer summer NN 35419 897 16 . . . 35419 898 1 The the DT 35419 898 2 water water NN 35419 898 3 is be VBZ 35419 898 4 held hold VBN 35419 898 5 there there RB 35419 898 6 , , , 35419 898 7 it -PRON- PRP 35419 898 8 is be VBZ 35419 898 9 supposed suppose VBN 35419 898 10 , , , 35419 898 11 by by IN 35419 898 12 capillary capillary JJ 35419 898 13 attraction attraction NN 35419 898 14 , , , 35419 898 15 since since IN 35419 898 16 the the DT 35419 898 17 cells cell NNS 35419 898 18 are be VBP 35419 898 19 inactive inactive JJ 35419 898 20 , , , 35419 898 21 so so IN 35419 898 22 that that IN 35419 898 23 at at IN 35419 898 24 all all DT 35419 898 25 times time NNS 35419 898 26 the the DT 35419 898 27 water water NN 35419 898 28 in in IN 35419 898 29 wood wood NN 35419 898 30 keeps keep VBZ 35419 898 31 the the DT 35419 898 32 cell cell NN 35419 898 33 walls wall NNS 35419 898 34 distended distend VBD 35419 898 35 . . . 35419 899 1 THE the DT 35419 899 2 SHRINKAGE SHRINKAGE NNP 35419 899 3 OF of IN 35419 899 4 WOOD WOOD NNP 35419 899 5 . . . 35419 900 1 When when WRB 35419 900 2 a a DT 35419 900 3 tree tree NN 35419 900 4 is be VBZ 35419 900 5 cut cut VBN 35419 900 6 down down RP 35419 900 7 , , , 35419 900 8 its -PRON- PRP$ 35419 900 9 water water NN 35419 900 10 at at IN 35419 900 11 once once RB 35419 900 12 begins begin VBZ 35419 900 13 to to TO 35419 900 14 evaporate evaporate VB 35419 900 15 . . . 35419 901 1 This this DT 35419 901 2 process process NN 35419 901 3 is be VBZ 35419 901 4 called call VBN 35419 901 5 " " `` 35419 901 6 seasoning seasoning NN 35419 901 7 . . . 35419 902 1 " " `` 35419 902 2 [ [ -LRB- 35419 902 3 A a NN 35419 902 4 ] ] -RRB- 35419 902 5 In in IN 35419 902 6 drying drying NN 35419 902 7 , , , 35419 902 8 the the DT 35419 902 9 free free JJ 35419 902 10 water water NN 35419 902 11 within within IN 35419 902 12 the the DT 35419 902 13 cells cell NNS 35419 902 14 keeps keep VBZ 35419 902 15 the the DT 35419 902 16 cell cell NN 35419 902 17 walls wall NNS 35419 902 18 saturated saturate VBN 35419 902 19 ; ; : 35419 902 20 but but CC 35419 902 21 when when WRB 35419 902 22 all all PDT 35419 902 23 the the DT 35419 902 24 free free JJ 35419 902 25 water water NN 35419 902 26 has have VBZ 35419 902 27 been be VBN 35419 902 28 removed remove VBN 35419 902 29 , , , 35419 902 30 the the DT 35419 902 31 cell cell NN 35419 902 32 walls wall NNS 35419 902 33 begin begin VBP 35419 902 34 to to TO 35419 902 35 yield yield VB 35419 902 36 up up RP 35419 902 37 their -PRON- PRP$ 35419 902 38 moisture moisture NN 35419 902 39 . . . 35419 903 1 Water water NN 35419 903 2 will will MD 35419 903 3 not not RB 35419 903 4 flow flow VB 35419 903 5 out out IN 35419 903 6 of of IN 35419 903 7 wood wood NN 35419 903 8 unless unless IN 35419 903 9 it -PRON- PRP 35419 903 10 is be VBZ 35419 903 11 forced force VBN 35419 903 12 out out RP 35419 903 13 by by IN 35419 903 14 heat heat NN 35419 903 15 , , , 35419 903 16 as as IN 35419 903 17 when when WRB 35419 903 18 green green JJ 35419 903 19 wood wood NN 35419 903 20 is be VBZ 35419 903 21 put put VBN 35419 903 22 on on IN 35419 903 23 a a DT 35419 903 24 fire fire NN 35419 903 25 . . . 35419 904 1 Ordinarily ordinarily RB 35419 904 2 it -PRON- PRP 35419 904 3 evaporates evaporate VBZ 35419 904 4 slowly slowly RB 35419 904 5 . . . 35419 905 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 905 2 Footnote Footnote NNP 35419 905 3 A a NN 35419 905 4 : : : 35419 905 5 See see VB 35419 905 6 _ _ NNP 35419 905 7 Handwork Handwork NNP 35419 905 8 in in IN 35419 905 9 Wood Wood NNP 35419 905 10 _ _ NNP 35419 905 11 , , , 35419 905 12 Chapter Chapter NNP 35419 905 13 III III NNP 35419 905 14 . . . 35419 905 15 ] ] -RRB- 35419 906 1 The the DT 35419 906 2 water water NN 35419 906 3 evaporates evaporate VBZ 35419 906 4 faster fast RBR 35419 906 5 from from IN 35419 906 6 some some DT 35419 906 7 kinds kind NNS 35419 906 8 of of IN 35419 906 9 wood wood NN 35419 906 10 than than IN 35419 906 11 from from IN 35419 906 12 other other JJ 35419 906 13 kinds kind NNS 35419 906 14 , , , 35419 906 15 _ _ NNP 35419 906 16 e.g. e.g. RB 35419 906 17 _ _ NNP 35419 906 18 , , , 35419 906 19 from from IN 35419 906 20 white white JJ 35419 906 21 pine pine NN 35419 906 22 than than IN 35419 906 23 from from IN 35419 906 24 oak oak NN 35419 906 25 , , , 35419 906 26 from from IN 35419 906 27 small small JJ 35419 906 28 pieces piece NNS 35419 906 29 than than IN 35419 906 30 from from IN 35419 906 31 large large JJ 35419 906 32 , , , 35419 906 33 and and CC 35419 906 34 from from IN 35419 906 35 end end NN 35419 906 36 grain grain NN 35419 906 37 than than IN 35419 906 38 from from IN 35419 906 39 a a DT 35419 906 40 longitudinal longitudinal JJ 35419 906 41 section section NN 35419 906 42 ; ; : 35419 906 43 and and CC 35419 906 44 it -PRON- PRP 35419 906 45 also also RB 35419 906 46 evaporates evaporate VBZ 35419 906 47 faster fast RBR 35419 906 48 in in IN 35419 906 49 high high JJ 35419 906 50 than than IN 35419 906 51 in in IN 35419 906 52 low low JJ 35419 906 53 temperatures temperature NNS 35419 906 54 . . . 35419 907 1 Evaporation evaporation NN 35419 907 2 affects affect VBZ 35419 907 3 wood wood NN 35419 907 4 in in IN 35419 907 5 three three CD 35419 907 6 respects respect NNS 35419 907 7 , , , 35419 907 8 weight weight NN 35419 907 9 , , , 35419 907 10 strength strength NN 35419 907 11 , , , 35419 907 12 and and CC 35419 907 13 size size NN 35419 907 14 . . . 35419 908 1 The the DT 35419 908 2 weight weight NN 35419 908 3 is be VBZ 35419 908 4 reduced reduce VBN 35419 908 5 , , , 35419 908 6 the the DT 35419 908 7 strength strength NN 35419 908 8 is be VBZ 35419 908 9 increased increase VBN 35419 908 10 , , , 35419 908 11 and and CC 35419 908 12 shrinkage shrinkage NN 35419 908 13 takes take VBZ 35419 908 14 place place NN 35419 908 15 . . . 35419 909 1 The the DT 35419 909 2 reduction reduction NN 35419 909 3 in in IN 35419 909 4 weight weight NN 35419 909 5 and and CC 35419 909 6 increase increase NN 35419 909 7 in in IN 35419 909 8 strength strength NN 35419 909 9 , , , 35419 909 10 important important JJ 35419 909 11 as as IN 35419 909 12 they -PRON- PRP 35419 909 13 are be VBP 35419 909 14 , , , 35419 909 15 are be VBP 35419 909 16 of of IN 35419 909 17 less less JJR 35419 909 18 importance importance NN 35419 909 19 than than IN 35419 909 20 the the DT 35419 909 21 shrinkage shrinkage NN 35419 909 22 , , , 35419 909 23 which which WDT 35419 909 24 often often RB 35419 909 25 involves involve VBZ 35419 909 26 warping warping NN 35419 909 27 and and CC 35419 909 28 other other JJ 35419 909 29 distortions distortion NNS 35419 909 30 . . . 35419 910 1 The the DT 35419 910 2 water water NN 35419 910 3 in in IN 35419 910 4 wood wood NN 35419 910 5 affects affect VBZ 35419 910 6 its -PRON- PRP$ 35419 910 7 size size NN 35419 910 8 by by IN 35419 910 9 keeping keep VBG 35419 910 10 the the DT 35419 910 11 cell cell NN 35419 910 12 walls wall NNS 35419 910 13 distended distend VBN 35419 910 14 . . . 35419 911 1 If if IN 35419 911 2 all all PDT 35419 911 3 the the DT 35419 911 4 cells cell NNS 35419 911 5 of of IN 35419 911 6 a a DT 35419 911 7 piece piece NN 35419 911 8 of of IN 35419 911 9 wood wood NN 35419 911 10 were be VBD 35419 911 11 the the DT 35419 911 12 same same JJ 35419 911 13 size size NN 35419 911 14 , , , 35419 911 15 and and CC 35419 911 16 had have VBD 35419 911 17 walls wall NNS 35419 911 18 the the DT 35419 911 19 same same JJ 35419 911 20 thickness thickness NN 35419 911 21 , , , 35419 911 22 and and CC 35419 911 23 all all DT 35419 911 24 ran run VBD 35419 911 25 in in IN 35419 911 26 the the DT 35419 911 27 same same JJ 35419 911 28 direction direction NN 35419 911 29 , , , 35419 911 30 then then RB 35419 911 31 the the DT 35419 911 32 shrinkage shrinkage NN 35419 911 33 would would MD 35419 911 34 be be VB 35419 911 35 uniform uniform JJ 35419 911 36 . . . 35419 912 1 But but CC 35419 912 2 , , , 35419 912 3 as as IN 35419 912 4 we -PRON- PRP 35419 912 5 have have VBP 35419 912 6 seen see VBN 35419 912 7 , , , 35419 912 8 the the DT 35419 912 9 structure structure NN 35419 912 10 of of IN 35419 912 11 wood wood NN 35419 912 12 is be VBZ 35419 912 13 not not RB 35419 912 14 homogeneous homogeneous JJ 35419 912 15 . . . 35419 913 1 Some some DT 35419 913 2 cellular cellular JJ 35419 913 3 elements element NNS 35419 913 4 are be VBP 35419 913 5 large large JJ 35419 913 6 , , , 35419 913 7 some some DT 35419 913 8 small small JJ 35419 913 9 , , , 35419 913 10 some some DT 35419 913 11 have have VBP 35419 913 12 thick thick JJ 35419 913 13 walls wall NNS 35419 913 14 , , , 35419 913 15 some some DT 35419 913 16 thin thin JJ 35419 913 17 walls wall NNS 35419 913 18 , , , 35419 913 19 some some DT 35419 913 20 run run VBP 35419 913 21 longitudinally longitudinally RB 35419 913 22 and and CC 35419 913 23 some some DT 35419 913 24 ( ( -LRB- 35419 913 25 the the DT 35419 913 26 pith pith NNP 35419 913 27 rays ray NNS 35419 913 28 ) ) -RRB- 35419 913 29 run run VBP 35419 913 30 radially radially NN 35419 913 31 . . . 35419 914 1 The the DT 35419 914 2 effects effect NNS 35419 914 3 will will MD 35419 914 4 be be VB 35419 914 5 various various JJ 35419 914 6 in in IN 35419 914 7 differently differently RB 35419 914 8 shaped shaped JJ 35419 914 9 pieces piece NNS 35419 914 10 of of IN 35419 914 11 wood wood NN 35419 914 12 but but CC 35419 914 13 they -PRON- PRP 35419 914 14 can can MD 35419 914 15 easily easily RB 35419 914 16 be be VB 35419 914 17 accounted account VBN 35419 914 18 for for IN 35419 914 19 if if IN 35419 914 20 one one CD 35419 914 21 bears bear VBZ 35419 914 22 in in IN 35419 914 23 mind mind NN 35419 914 24 these these DT 35419 914 25 three three CD 35419 914 26 facts fact NNS 35419 914 27 : : : 35419 914 28 ( ( -LRB- 35419 914 29 1 1 LS 35419 914 30 ) ) -RRB- 35419 914 31 that that IN 35419 914 32 the the DT 35419 914 33 shrinkage shrinkage NN 35419 914 34 is be VBZ 35419 914 35 in in IN 35419 914 36 the the DT 35419 914 37 cell cell NN 35419 914 38 wall wall NN 35419 914 39 , , , 35419 914 40 and and CC 35419 914 41 therefore therefore RB 35419 914 42 ( ( -LRB- 35419 914 43 2 2 LS 35419 914 44 ) ) -RRB- 35419 914 45 that that IN 35419 914 46 the the DT 35419 914 47 thick thick JJ 35419 914 48 - - HYPH 35419 914 49 walled walled JJ 35419 914 50 cells cell NNS 35419 914 51 shrink shrink VBP 35419 914 52 more more RBR 35419 914 53 than than IN 35419 914 54 thin thin JJ 35419 914 55 - - HYPH 35419 914 56 walled walled JJ 35419 914 57 cells cell NNS 35419 914 58 and and CC 35419 914 59 ( ( -LRB- 35419 914 60 3 3 LS 35419 914 61 ) ) -RRB- 35419 914 62 that that IN 35419 914 63 the the DT 35419 914 64 cells cell NNS 35419 914 65 do do VBP 35419 914 66 not not RB 35419 914 67 shrink shrink VB 35419 914 68 much much RB 35419 914 69 , , , 35419 914 70 if if IN 35419 914 71 any any DT 35419 914 72 , , , 35419 914 73 lengthwise lengthwise RB 35419 914 74 . . . 35419 915 1 ( ( -LRB- 35419 915 2 1 1 LS 35419 915 3 ) ) -RRB- 35419 915 4 The the DT 35419 915 5 shrinkage shrinkage NN 35419 915 6 of of IN 35419 915 7 wood wood NN 35419 915 8 takes take VBZ 35419 915 9 place place NN 35419 915 10 in in IN 35419 915 11 the the DT 35419 915 12 walls wall NNS 35419 915 13 of of IN 35419 915 14 the the DT 35419 915 15 cells cell NNS 35419 915 16 that that WDT 35419 915 17 compose compose VBP 35419 915 18 it -PRON- PRP 35419 915 19 , , , 35419 915 20 that that RB 35419 915 21 is is RB 35419 915 22 , , , 35419 915 23 the the DT 35419 915 24 cell cell NN 35419 915 25 walls wall NNS 35419 915 26 become become VBP 35419 915 27 thinner thin JJR 35419 915 28 , , , 35419 915 29 as as IN 35419 915 30 indicated indicate VBN 35419 915 31 by by IN 35419 915 32 the the DT 35419 915 33 dotted dotted JJ 35419 915 34 lines line NNS 35419 915 35 in in IN 35419 915 36 Fig Fig NNP 35419 915 37 . . . 35419 916 1 35 35 CD 35419 916 2 , , , 35419 916 3 which which WDT 35419 916 4 is be VBZ 35419 916 5 a a DT 35419 916 6 cross cross JJ 35419 916 7 - - NN 35419 916 8 section section NN 35419 916 9 of of IN 35419 916 10 a a DT 35419 916 11 single single JJ 35419 916 12 cell cell NN 35419 916 13 . . . 35419 917 1 The the DT 35419 917 2 diameter diameter NN 35419 917 3 of of IN 35419 917 4 the the DT 35419 917 5 whole whole JJ 35419 917 6 cell cell NN 35419 917 7 becomes become VBZ 35419 917 8 less less JJR 35419 917 9 , , , 35419 917 10 and and CC 35419 917 11 the the DT 35419 917 12 opening opening NN 35419 917 13 , , , 35419 917 14 or or CC 35419 917 15 lumen luman NNS 35419 917 16 , , , 35419 917 17 of of IN 35419 917 18 the the DT 35419 917 19 cell cell NN 35419 917 20 becomes become VBZ 35419 917 21 larger large JJR 35419 917 22 . . . 35419 918 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 918 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 918 3 : : : 35419 918 4 Fig Fig NNP 35419 918 5 . . . 35419 919 1 35 35 CD 35419 919 2 . . . 35419 920 1 How how WRB 35419 920 2 Cell cell NN 35419 920 3 Walls wall NNS 35419 920 4 Shrink shrink VBP 35419 920 5 . . . 35419 920 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 921 1 ( ( -LRB- 35419 921 2 2 2 LS 35419 921 3 ) ) -RRB- 35419 921 4 Thick thick JJ 35419 921 5 - - HYPH 35419 921 6 walled walled JJ 35419 921 7 cells cell NNS 35419 921 8 shrink shrink VBP 35419 921 9 more more RBR 35419 921 10 than than IN 35419 921 11 thin thin JJ 35419 921 12 - - HYPH 35419 921 13 walled walled JJ 35419 921 14 cells cell NNS 35419 921 15 , , , 35419 921 16 that that RB 35419 921 17 is is RB 35419 921 18 , , , 35419 921 19 summer summer NN 35419 921 20 cells cell NNS 35419 921 21 more more JJR 35419 921 22 than than IN 35419 921 23 spring spring NN 35419 921 24 cells cell NNS 35419 921 25 . . . 35419 922 1 This this DT 35419 922 2 is be VBZ 35419 922 3 due due JJ 35419 922 4 to to IN 35419 922 5 the the DT 35419 922 6 fact fact NN 35419 922 7 that that IN 35419 922 8 they -PRON- PRP 35419 922 9 contain contain VBP 35419 922 10 more more JJR 35419 922 11 shrinkable shrinkable NN 35419 922 12 substance substance NN 35419 922 13 . . . 35419 923 1 The the DT 35419 923 2 thicker thick JJR 35419 923 3 the the DT 35419 923 4 wall wall NN 35419 923 5 , , , 35419 923 6 the the DT 35419 923 7 more more RBR 35419 923 8 the the DT 35419 923 9 shrinkage shrinkage NN 35419 923 10 . . . 35419 924 1 Consider consider VB 35419 924 2 the the DT 35419 924 3 effects effect NNS 35419 924 4 of of IN 35419 924 5 these these DT 35419 924 6 changes change NNS 35419 924 7 ; ; : 35419 924 8 ordinarily ordinarily RB 35419 924 9 a a DT 35419 924 10 log log NN 35419 924 11 when when WRB 35419 924 12 drying drying NN 35419 924 13 begins begin VBZ 35419 924 14 to to TO 35419 924 15 " " `` 35419 924 16 check check VB 35419 924 17 " " '' 35419 924 18 at at IN 35419 924 19 the the DT 35419 924 20 end end NN 35419 924 21 . . . 35419 925 1 This this DT 35419 925 2 is be VBZ 35419 925 3 to to TO 35419 925 4 be be VB 35419 925 5 explained explain VBN 35419 925 6 thus thus RB 35419 925 7 : : : 35419 925 8 Inasmuch inasmuch JJ 35419 925 9 as as IN 35419 925 10 evaporation evaporation NN 35419 925 11 takes take VBZ 35419 925 12 place place NN 35419 925 13 faster fast RBR 35419 925 14 from from IN 35419 925 15 a a DT 35419 925 16 cross cross NN 35419 925 17 than than IN 35419 925 18 from from IN 35419 925 19 a a DT 35419 925 20 longitudinal longitudinal JJ 35419 925 21 section section NN 35419 925 22 , , , 35419 925 23 because because IN 35419 925 24 at at IN 35419 925 25 the the DT 35419 925 26 cross cross NN 35419 925 27 - - NN 35419 925 28 section section NN 35419 925 29 all all PDT 35419 925 30 the the DT 35419 925 31 cells cell NNS 35419 925 32 are be VBP 35419 925 33 cut cut VBN 35419 925 34 open open JJ 35419 925 35 , , , 35419 925 36 it -PRON- PRP 35419 925 37 is be VBZ 35419 925 38 to to TO 35419 925 39 be be VB 35419 925 40 expected expect VBN 35419 925 41 that that IN 35419 925 42 the the DT 35419 925 43 end end NN 35419 925 44 of of IN 35419 925 45 a a DT 35419 925 46 piece piece NN 35419 925 47 of of IN 35419 925 48 timber timber NN 35419 925 49 , , , 35419 925 50 Fig Fig NNP 35419 925 51 . . . 35419 926 1 36 36 CD 35419 926 2 , , , 35419 926 3 A a DT 35419 926 4 , , , 35419 926 5 will will MD 35419 926 6 shrink shrink VB 35419 926 7 first first RB 35419 926 8 . . . 35419 927 1 This this DT 35419 927 2 would would MD 35419 927 3 tend tend VB 35419 927 4 to to TO 35419 927 5 make make VB 35419 927 6 the the DT 35419 927 7 end end NN 35419 927 8 fibers fiber NNS 35419 927 9 bend bend VB 35419 927 10 toward toward IN 35419 927 11 the the DT 35419 927 12 center center NN 35419 927 13 of of IN 35419 927 14 the the DT 35419 927 15 piece piece NN 35419 927 16 as as IN 35419 927 17 in in IN 35419 927 18 B B NNP 35419 927 19 , , , 35419 927 20 Fig Fig NNP 35419 927 21 . . . 35419 928 1 36 36 CD 35419 928 2 . . . 35419 929 1 But but CC 35419 929 2 the the DT 35419 929 3 fibers fiber NNS 35419 929 4 are be VBP 35419 929 5 stiff stiff JJ 35419 929 6 and and CC 35419 929 7 resist resist VB 35419 929 8 this this DT 35419 929 9 bending bending NN 35419 929 10 with with IN 35419 929 11 the the DT 35419 929 12 result result NN 35419 929 13 that that IN 35419 929 14 the the DT 35419 929 15 end end NN 35419 929 16 splits split NNS 35419 929 17 or or CC 35419 929 18 " " `` 35419 929 19 checks check NNS 35419 929 20 " " '' 35419 929 21 as as IN 35419 929 22 in in IN 35419 929 23 C C NNP 35419 929 24 , , , 35419 929 25 Fig Fig NNP 35419 929 26 . . . 35419 930 1 36 36 CD 35419 930 2 . . . 35419 931 1 But but CC 35419 931 2 later later RBR 35419 931 3 , , , 35419 931 4 as as IN 35419 931 5 the the DT 35419 931 6 rest rest NN 35419 931 7 of of IN 35419 931 8 the the DT 35419 931 9 timber timber NN 35419 931 10 dries dry NNS 35419 931 11 out out RP 35419 931 12 and and CC 35419 931 13 shrinks shrink NNS 35419 931 14 , , , 35419 931 15 it -PRON- PRP 35419 931 16 becomes become VBZ 35419 931 17 of of IN 35419 931 18 equal equal JJ 35419 931 19 thickness thickness NN 35419 931 20 again again RB 35419 931 21 and and CC 35419 931 22 the the DT 35419 931 23 " " `` 35419 931 24 checks check NNS 35419 931 25 " " '' 35419 931 26 tend tend VBP 35419 931 27 to to TO 35419 931 28 close close VB 35419 931 29 . . . 35419 932 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 932 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 932 3 : : : 35419 932 4 Fig Fig NNP 35419 932 5 . . . 35419 933 1 36 36 CD 35419 933 2 . . . 35419 934 1 The the DT 35419 934 2 Shrinkage Shrinkage NNP 35419 934 3 and and CC 35419 934 4 Checking check VBG 35419 934 5 at at IN 35419 934 6 the the DT 35419 934 7 End end NN 35419 934 8 of of IN 35419 934 9 a a DT 35419 934 10 Beam Beam NNP 35419 934 11 . . . 35419 934 12 ] ] -RRB- 35419 935 1 ( ( -LRB- 35419 935 2 3 3 LS 35419 935 3 ) ) -RRB- 35419 935 4 For for IN 35419 935 5 some some DT 35419 935 6 reason reason NN 35419 935 7 , , , 35419 935 8 which which WDT 35419 935 9 has have VBZ 35419 935 10 not not RB 35419 935 11 been be VBN 35419 935 12 discovered discover VBN 35419 935 13 , , , 35419 935 14 the the DT 35419 935 15 cells cell NNS 35419 935 16 or or CC 35419 935 17 fibers fiber NNS 35419 935 18 of of IN 35419 935 19 wood wood NN 35419 935 20 do do VBP 35419 935 21 not not RB 35419 935 22 shrink shrink VB 35419 935 23 in in IN 35419 935 24 length length NN 35419 935 25 to to IN 35419 935 26 any any DT 35419 935 27 appreciable appreciable JJ 35419 935 28 extent extent NN 35419 935 29 . . . 35419 936 1 This this DT 35419 936 2 is be VBZ 35419 936 3 as as RB 35419 936 4 true true JJ 35419 936 5 of of IN 35419 936 6 the the DT 35419 936 7 cells cell NNS 35419 936 8 of of IN 35419 936 9 pith pith NNP 35419 936 10 rays ray NNS 35419 936 11 , , , 35419 936 12 which which WDT 35419 936 13 run run VBP 35419 936 14 radially radially NN 35419 936 15 in in IN 35419 936 16 the the DT 35419 936 17 log log NN 35419 936 18 , , , 35419 936 19 as as IN 35419 936 20 of of IN 35419 936 21 the the DT 35419 936 22 ordinary ordinary JJ 35419 936 23 cells cell NNS 35419 936 24 , , , 35419 936 25 which which WDT 35419 936 26 run run VBP 35419 936 27 longitudinally longitudinally RB 35419 936 28 in in IN 35419 936 29 it -PRON- PRP 35419 936 30 . . . 35419 937 1 In in IN 35419 937 2 addition addition NN 35419 937 3 to to IN 35419 937 4 " " `` 35419 937 5 checking check VBG 35419 937 6 " " '' 35419 937 7 at at IN 35419 937 8 the the DT 35419 937 9 end end NN 35419 937 10 , , , 35419 937 11 logs logs NNP 35419 937 12 ordinarily ordinarily RB 35419 937 13 show show VBP 35419 937 14 the the DT 35419 937 15 effect effect NN 35419 937 16 of of IN 35419 937 17 shrinkage shrinkage NN 35419 937 18 by by IN 35419 937 19 splitting split VBG 35419 937 20 open open JJ 35419 937 21 radially radially NN 35419 937 22 , , , 35419 937 23 as as IN 35419 937 24 in in IN 35419 937 25 Fig Fig NNP 35419 937 26 . . . 35419 938 1 37 37 CD 35419 938 2 . . . 35419 939 1 This this DT 35419 939 2 is be VBZ 35419 939 3 to to TO 35419 939 4 be be VB 35419 939 5 explained explain VBN 35419 939 6 by by IN 35419 939 7 two two CD 35419 939 8 factors factor NNS 35419 939 9 , , , 35419 939 10 ( ( -LRB- 35419 939 11 1 1 LS 35419 939 12 ) ) -RRB- 35419 939 13 the the DT 35419 939 14 disposition disposition NN 35419 939 15 of of IN 35419 939 16 the the DT 35419 939 17 pith pith NNP 35419 939 18 ( ( -LRB- 35419 939 19 or or CC 35419 939 20 medullary medullary NNP 35419 939 21 ) ) -RRB- 35419 939 22 rays ray NNS 35419 939 23 , , , 35419 939 24 and and CC 35419 939 25 ( ( -LRB- 35419 939 26 2 2 LS 35419 939 27 ) ) -RRB- 35419 939 28 the the DT 35419 939 29 arrangement arrangement NN 35419 939 30 of of IN 35419 939 31 the the DT 35419 939 32 wood wood NN 35419 939 33 in in IN 35419 939 34 annual annual JJ 35419 939 35 rings ring NNS 35419 939 36 . . . 35419 940 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 940 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 940 3 : : : 35419 940 4 Fig Fig NNP 35419 940 5 . . . 35419 941 1 37 37 CD 35419 941 2 . . . 35419 942 1 The the DT 35419 942 2 Shrinkage Shrinkage NNP 35419 942 3 and and CC 35419 942 4 Splitting Splitting NNP 35419 942 5 of of IN 35419 942 6 a a DT 35419 942 7 Log Log NNP 35419 942 8 . . . 35419 942 9 ] ] -RRB- 35419 943 1 ( ( -LRB- 35419 943 2 1 1 LS 35419 943 3 ) ) -RRB- 35419 943 4 The the DT 35419 943 5 cells cell NNS 35419 943 6 of of IN 35419 943 7 the the DT 35419 943 8 pith pith NNP 35419 943 9 rays ray NNS 35419 943 10 , , , 35419 943 11 as as IN 35419 943 12 we -PRON- PRP 35419 943 13 have have VBP 35419 943 14 seen see VBN 35419 943 15 in in IN 35419 943 16 Chapter Chapter NNP 35419 943 17 I -PRON- PRP 35419 943 18 , , , 35419 943 19 run run VB 35419 943 20 at at IN 35419 943 21 right right JJ 35419 943 22 angles angle NNS 35419 943 23 to to IN 35419 943 24 the the DT 35419 943 25 direction direction NN 35419 943 26 of of IN 35419 943 27 the the DT 35419 943 28 mass mass NN 35419 943 29 of of IN 35419 943 30 wood wood NN 35419 943 31 fibers fiber NNS 35419 943 32 , , , 35419 943 33 and and CC 35419 943 34 since since IN 35419 943 35 they -PRON- PRP 35419 943 36 shrink shrink VBP 35419 943 37 according accord VBG 35419 943 38 to to IN 35419 943 39 the the DT 35419 943 40 same same JJ 35419 943 41 laws law NNS 35419 943 42 that that WDT 35419 943 43 other other JJ 35419 943 44 cells cell NNS 35419 943 45 do do VBP 35419 943 46 , , , 35419 943 47 viz viz NNP 35419 943 48 . . . 35419 943 49 , , , 35419 943 50 by by IN 35419 943 51 the the DT 35419 943 52 cell cell NN 35419 943 53 wall wall NN 35419 943 54 becoming become VBG 35419 943 55 thinner thin JJR 35419 943 56 but but CC 35419 943 57 not not RB 35419 943 58 shorter short JJR 35419 943 59 , , , 35419 943 60 the the DT 35419 943 61 strain strain NN 35419 943 62 of of IN 35419 943 63 their -PRON- PRP$ 35419 943 64 shrinkage shrinkage NN 35419 943 65 is be VBZ 35419 943 66 contrary contrary JJ 35419 943 67 to to IN 35419 943 68 that that DT 35419 943 69 of of IN 35419 943 70 the the DT 35419 943 71 main main JJ 35419 943 72 cells cell NNS 35419 943 73 . . . 35419 944 1 The the DT 35419 944 2 pith pith NNP 35419 944 3 rays ray NNS 35419 944 4 , , , 35419 944 5 which which WDT 35419 944 6 consist consist VBP 35419 944 7 of of IN 35419 944 8 a a DT 35419 944 9 number number NN 35419 944 10 of of IN 35419 944 11 cells cell NNS 35419 944 12 one one CD 35419 944 13 above above IN 35419 944 14 the the DT 35419 944 15 other other JJ 35419 944 16 , , , 35419 944 17 tend tend VB 35419 944 18 to to TO 35419 944 19 shrink shrink VB 35419 944 20 parallel parallel RB 35419 944 21 to to IN 35419 944 22 the the DT 35419 944 23 length length NN 35419 944 24 of of IN 35419 944 25 the the DT 35419 944 26 wood wood NN 35419 944 27 , , , 35419 944 28 and and CC 35419 944 29 whatever whatever WDT 35419 944 30 little little JJ 35419 944 31 longitudinal longitudinal JJ 35419 944 32 shrinkage shrinkage NN 35419 944 33 there there EX 35419 944 34 is be VBZ 35419 944 35 in in IN 35419 944 36 a a DT 35419 944 37 board board NN 35419 944 38 is be VBZ 35419 944 39 probably probably RB 35419 944 40 due due JJ 35419 944 41 mostly mostly RB 35419 944 42 to to IN 35419 944 43 the the DT 35419 944 44 shrinkage shrinkage NN 35419 944 45 of of IN 35419 944 46 the the DT 35419 944 47 pith pith NNP 35419 944 48 rays ray NNS 35419 944 49 . . . 35419 945 1 But but CC 35419 945 2 because because IN 35419 945 3 the the DT 35419 945 4 cells cell NNS 35419 945 5 of of IN 35419 945 6 pith pith NNP 35419 945 7 rays ray NNS 35419 945 8 do do VBP 35419 945 9 not not RB 35419 945 10 appreciably appreciably RB 35419 945 11 shrink shrink VB 35419 945 12 in in IN 35419 945 13 their -PRON- PRP$ 35419 945 14 length length NN 35419 945 15 , , , 35419 945 16 this this DT 35419 945 17 fact fact NN 35419 945 18 tends tend VBZ 35419 945 19 to to TO 35419 945 20 prevent prevent VB 35419 945 21 the the DT 35419 945 22 main main JJ 35419 945 23 body body NN 35419 945 24 of of IN 35419 945 25 wood wood NN 35419 945 26 from from IN 35419 945 27 shrinking shrink VBG 35419 945 28 radially radially NN 35419 945 29 , , , 35419 945 30 and and CC 35419 945 31 the the DT 35419 945 32 result result NN 35419 945 33 is be VBZ 35419 945 34 that that IN 35419 945 35 wood wood NN 35419 945 36 shrinks shrink NNS 35419 945 37 less less RBR 35419 945 38 radially radially RB 35419 945 39 than than IN 35419 945 40 tangentially tangentially RB 35419 945 41 . . . 35419 946 1 Tangentially Tangentially NNP 35419 946 2 is be VBZ 35419 946 3 the the DT 35419 946 4 only only JJ 35419 946 5 way way NN 35419 946 6 left leave VBN 35419 946 7 for for IN 35419 946 8 it -PRON- PRP 35419 946 9 to to TO 35419 946 10 shrink shrink VB 35419 946 11 . . . 35419 947 1 The the DT 35419 947 2 pith pith NN 35419 947 3 rays ray NNS 35419 947 4 may may MD 35419 947 5 be be VB 35419 947 6 compared compare VBN 35419 947 7 to to IN 35419 947 8 the the DT 35419 947 9 ribs rib NNS 35419 947 10 of of IN 35419 947 11 a a DT 35419 947 12 folding fold VBG 35419 947 13 fan fan NN 35419 947 14 , , , 35419 947 15 which which WDT 35419 947 16 keep keep VBP 35419 947 17 the the DT 35419 947 18 radius radius NN 35419 947 19 of of IN 35419 947 20 unaltered unaltered JJ 35419 947 21 length length NN 35419 947 22 while while IN 35419 947 23 permitting permit VBG 35419 947 24 comparative comparative JJ 35419 947 25 freedom freedom NN 35419 947 26 for for IN 35419 947 27 circumferential circumferential JJ 35419 947 28 contraction contraction NN 35419 947 29 . . . 35419 948 1 ( ( -LRB- 35419 948 2 2 2 LS 35419 948 3 ) ) -RRB- 35419 948 4 It -PRON- PRP 35419 948 5 is be VBZ 35419 948 6 evident evident JJ 35419 948 7 that that IN 35419 948 8 since since IN 35419 948 9 summer summer NN 35419 948 10 wood wood NN 35419 948 11 shrinks shrink NNS 35419 948 12 more more RBR 35419 948 13 than than IN 35419 948 14 spring spring NN 35419 948 15 wood wood NN 35419 948 16 , , , 35419 948 17 this this DT 35419 948 18 fact fact NN 35419 948 19 will will MD 35419 948 20 interfere interfere VB 35419 948 21 with with IN 35419 948 22 the the DT 35419 948 23 even even JJ 35419 948 24 shrinkage shrinkage NN 35419 948 25 of of IN 35419 948 26 the the DT 35419 948 27 log log NN 35419 948 28 . . . 35419 949 1 Consider consider VB 35419 949 2 first first RB 35419 949 3 the the DT 35419 949 4 tangential tangential JJ 35419 949 5 shrinkage shrinkage NN 35419 949 6 . . . 35419 950 1 If if IN 35419 950 2 a a DT 35419 950 3 section section NN 35419 950 4 of of IN 35419 950 5 a a DT 35419 950 6 single single JJ 35419 950 7 annual annual JJ 35419 950 8 ring ring NN 35419 950 9 of of IN 35419 950 10 green green JJ 35419 950 11 wood wood NN 35419 950 12 of of IN 35419 950 13 the the DT 35419 950 14 shape shape NN 35419 950 15 A A NNP 35419 950 16 B B NNP 35419 950 17 C c NN 35419 950 18 D d NN 35419 950 19 , , , 35419 950 20 in in IN 35419 950 21 Fig Fig NNP 35419 950 22 . . . 35419 951 1 38 38 CD 35419 951 2 , , , 35419 951 3 is be VBZ 35419 951 4 dried dry VBN 35419 951 5 and and CC 35419 951 6 the the DT 35419 951 7 mass mass NN 35419 951 8 shrinks shrink NNS 35419 951 9 according accord VBG 35419 951 10 to to IN 35419 951 11 the the DT 35419 951 12 thickness thickness NN 35419 951 13 of of IN 35419 951 14 the the DT 35419 951 15 cell cell NN 35419 951 16 walls wall NNS 35419 951 17 , , , 35419 951 18 it -PRON- PRP 35419 951 19 will will MD 35419 951 20 assume assume VB 35419 951 21 the the DT 35419 951 22 shape shape NN 35419 951 23 A a NN 35419 951 24 ' ' `` 35419 951 25 B b NN 35419 951 26 ' ' '' 35419 951 27 C c NN 35419 951 28 ' ' `` 35419 951 29 D d NN 35419 951 30 ' ' '' 35419 951 31 . . . 35419 952 1 When when WRB 35419 952 2 a a DT 35419 952 3 number number NN 35419 952 4 of of IN 35419 952 5 rings ring NNS 35419 952 6 together together RB 35419 952 7 shrink shrink VBP 35419 952 8 , , , 35419 952 9 the the DT 35419 952 10 tangential tangential JJ 35419 952 11 shrinkage shrinkage NN 35419 952 12 of of IN 35419 952 13 the the DT 35419 952 14 summer summer NN 35419 952 15 wood wood NN 35419 952 16 tends tend VBZ 35419 952 17 to to TO 35419 952 18 contract contract VB 35419 952 19 the the DT 35419 952 20 adjoining adjoining JJ 35419 952 21 rings ring NNS 35419 952 22 of of IN 35419 952 23 spring spring NN 35419 952 24 wood wood NN 35419 952 25 more more RBR 35419 952 26 than than IN 35419 952 27 they -PRON- PRP 35419 952 28 would would MD 35419 952 29 naturally naturally RB 35419 952 30 shrink shrink VB 35419 952 31 of of IN 35419 952 32 themselves -PRON- PRP 35419 952 33 . . . 35419 953 1 Since since IN 35419 953 2 there there EX 35419 953 3 is be VBZ 35419 953 4 more more JJR 35419 953 5 of of IN 35419 953 6 the the DT 35419 953 7 summer summer NN 35419 953 8 - - HYPH 35419 953 9 wood wood NN 35419 953 10 substance substance NN 35419 953 11 , , , 35419 953 12 the the DT 35419 953 13 spring spring NN 35419 953 14 - - HYPH 35419 953 15 wood wood NN 35419 953 16 must must MD 35419 953 17 yield yield VB 35419 953 18 , , , 35419 953 19 and and CC 35419 953 20 the the DT 35419 953 21 log log NN 35419 953 22 shrinks shrink NNS 35419 953 23 circumferentially circumferentially RB 35419 953 24 . . . 35419 954 1 The the DT 35419 954 2 radial radial JJ 35419 954 3 shrinkage shrinkage NN 35419 954 4 of of IN 35419 954 5 the the DT 35419 954 6 summer summer NN 35419 954 7 - - HYPH 35419 954 8 wood wood NN 35419 954 9 , , , 35419 954 10 however however RB 35419 954 11 , , , 35419 954 12 is be VBZ 35419 954 13 constantly constantly RB 35419 954 14 interrupted interrupt VBN 35419 954 15 by by IN 35419 954 16 the the DT 35419 954 17 alternate alternate JJ 35419 954 18 rows row NNS 35419 954 19 of of IN 35419 954 20 spring spring NN 35419 954 21 - - HYPH 35419 954 22 wood wood NN 35419 954 23 , , , 35419 954 24 so so IN 35419 954 25 that that IN 35419 954 26 there there EX 35419 954 27 would would MD 35419 954 28 not not RB 35419 954 29 be be VB 35419 954 30 so so RB 35419 954 31 much much JJ 35419 954 32 radial radial JJ 35419 954 33 as as IN 35419 954 34 circumferential circumferential JJ 35419 954 35 shrinkage shrinkage NN 35419 954 36 . . . 35419 955 1 As as IN 35419 955 2 a a DT 35419 955 3 matter matter NN 35419 955 4 of of IN 35419 955 5 fact fact NN 35419 955 6 , , , 35419 955 7 the the DT 35419 955 8 tangential tangential JJ 35419 955 9 or or CC 35419 955 10 circumferential circumferential JJ 35419 955 11 shrinkage shrinkage NN 35419 955 12 is be VBZ 35419 955 13 twice twice RB 35419 955 14 as as RB 35419 955 15 great great JJ 35419 955 16 as as IN 35419 955 17 the the DT 35419 955 18 radial radial JJ 35419 955 19 shrinkage shrinkage NN 35419 955 20 . . . 35419 956 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 956 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 956 3 : : : 35419 956 4 Fig Fig NNP 35419 956 5 . . . 35419 957 1 38 38 CD 35419 957 2 . . . 35419 958 1 Diagram Diagram NNP 35419 958 2 to to TO 35419 958 3 Show show VB 35419 958 4 the the DT 35419 958 5 Greater Greater NNP 35419 958 6 Shrinkage Shrinkage NNP 35419 958 7 of of IN 35419 958 8 Summer Summer NNP 35419 958 9 Cells Cells NNPS 35419 958 10 , , , 35419 958 11 A a NN 35419 958 12 , , , 35419 958 13 B b NN 35419 958 14 , , , 35419 958 15 than than IN 35419 958 16 of of IN 35419 958 17 Spring Spring NNP 35419 958 18 Cells Cells NNPS 35419 958 19 , , , 35419 958 20 C C NNP 35419 958 21 , , , 35419 958 22 D. D. NNP 35419 958 23 ] ] -RRB- 35419 958 24 Putting put VBG 35419 958 25 these these DT 35419 958 26 two two CD 35419 958 27 factors factor NNS 35419 958 28 together together RB 35419 958 29 , , , 35419 958 30 namely namely RB 35419 958 31 , , , 35419 958 32 the the DT 35419 958 33 lengthwise lengthwise JJ 35419 958 34 resistance resistance NN 35419 958 35 of of IN 35419 958 36 the the DT 35419 958 37 pith pith NNP 35419 958 38 rays ray NNS 35419 958 39 to to IN 35419 958 40 the the DT 35419 958 41 radial radial JJ 35419 958 42 shrinkage shrinkage NN 35419 958 43 of of IN 35419 958 44 the the DT 35419 958 45 mass mass NN 35419 958 46 of of IN 35419 958 47 other other JJ 35419 958 48 fibers fiber NNS 35419 958 49 , , , 35419 958 50 and and CC 35419 958 51 second second RB 35419 958 52 , , , 35419 958 53 the the DT 35419 958 54 continuous continuous JJ 35419 958 55 bands band NNS 35419 958 56 of of IN 35419 958 57 summer summer NN 35419 958 58 wood wood NN 35419 958 59 , , , 35419 958 60 comparatively comparatively RB 35419 958 61 free free JJ 35419 958 62 to to TO 35419 958 63 shrink shrink VB 35419 958 64 circumferentially circumferentially RB 35419 958 65 , , , 35419 958 66 and and CC 35419 958 67 the the DT 35419 958 68 inevitable inevitable JJ 35419 958 69 happens happen NNS 35419 958 70 ; ; : 35419 958 71 the the DT 35419 958 72 log log NN 35419 958 73 splits split VBZ 35419 958 74 . . . 35419 959 1 If if IN 35419 959 2 the the DT 35419 959 3 bark bark NN 35419 959 4 is be VBZ 35419 959 5 left leave VBN 35419 959 6 on on RP 35419 959 7 and and CC 35419 959 8 evaporation evaporation NN 35419 959 9 hindered hinder VBD 35419 959 10 , , , 35419 959 11 the the DT 35419 959 12 splits split NNS 35419 959 13 will will MD 35419 959 14 not not RB 35419 959 15 open open VB 35419 959 16 so so RB 35419 959 17 wide wide RB 35419 959 18 . . . 35419 960 1 There there EX 35419 960 2 is be VBZ 35419 960 3 still still RB 35419 960 4 another another DT 35419 960 5 effect effect NN 35419 960 6 of of IN 35419 960 7 shrinkage shrinkage NN 35419 960 8 . . . 35419 961 1 If if IN 35419 961 2 , , , 35419 961 3 immediately immediately RB 35419 961 4 after after IN 35419 961 5 felling felling NN 35419 961 6 , , , 35419 961 7 a a DT 35419 961 8 log log NN 35419 961 9 is be VBZ 35419 961 10 sawn sawn NN 35419 961 11 in in IN 35419 961 12 two two CD 35419 961 13 lengthwise lengthwise RB 35419 961 14 , , , 35419 961 15 the the DT 35419 961 16 radial radial JJ 35419 961 17 splitting splitting NN 35419 961 18 may may MD 35419 961 19 be be VB 35419 961 20 largely largely RB 35419 961 21 avoided avoid VBN 35419 961 22 , , , 35419 961 23 but but CC 35419 961 24 the the DT 35419 961 25 flat flat JJ 35419 961 26 sides side NNS 35419 961 27 will will MD 35419 961 28 tend tend VB 35419 961 29 to to TO 35419 961 30 become become VB 35419 961 31 convex convex NNP 35419 961 32 , , , 35419 961 33 as as IN 35419 961 34 in in IN 35419 961 35 Fig Fig NNP 35419 961 36 . . . 35419 962 1 39 39 CD 35419 962 2 . . . 35419 963 1 This this DT 35419 963 2 is be VBZ 35419 963 3 explained explain VBN 35419 963 4 by by IN 35419 963 5 the the DT 35419 963 6 fact fact NN 35419 963 7 that that IN 35419 963 8 circumferential circumferential JJ 35419 963 9 shrinkage shrinkage NN 35419 963 10 is be VBZ 35419 963 11 greater great JJR 35419 963 12 than than IN 35419 963 13 radial radial JJ 35419 963 14 shrinkage shrinkage NN 35419 963 15 . . . 35419 964 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 964 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 964 3 : : : 35419 964 4 Fig Fig NNP 35419 964 5 . . . 35419 965 1 39 39 CD 35419 965 2 . . . 35419 966 1 Shrinkage shrinkage NN 35419 966 2 of of IN 35419 966 3 a a DT 35419 966 4 Halved Halved NNP 35419 966 5 Log Log NNP 35419 966 6 . . . 35419 966 7 ] ] -RRB- 35419 967 1 If if IN 35419 967 2 a a DT 35419 967 3 log log NN 35419 967 4 is be VBZ 35419 967 5 " " `` 35419 967 6 quartered,"[A quartered,"[A NNP 35419 967 7 ] ] -RRB- 35419 967 8 the the DT 35419 967 9 quarters quarter NNS 35419 967 10 split split VBD 35419 967 11 still still RB 35419 967 12 less less RBR 35419 967 13 , , , 35419 967 14 as as IN 35419 967 15 the the DT 35419 967 16 inevitable inevitable JJ 35419 967 17 shrinkage shrinkage NN 35419 967 18 takes take VBZ 35419 967 19 place place NN 35419 967 20 more more RBR 35419 967 21 easily easily RB 35419 967 22 . . . 35419 968 1 The the DT 35419 968 2 quarters quarter NNS 35419 968 3 then then RB 35419 968 4 tend tend VBP 35419 968 5 to to TO 35419 968 6 assume assume VB 35419 968 7 the the DT 35419 968 8 shape shape NN 35419 968 9 shown show VBN 35419 968 10 in in IN 35419 968 11 Fig Fig NNP 35419 968 12 . . . 35419 969 1 40 40 CD 35419 969 2 , , , 35419 969 3 C. C. NNP 35419 969 4 If if IN 35419 969 5 a a DT 35419 969 6 log log NN 35419 969 7 is be VBZ 35419 969 8 sawed saw VBN 35419 969 9 into into IN 35419 969 10 timber timber NN 35419 969 11 , , , 35419 969 12 it -PRON- PRP 35419 969 13 checks check VBZ 35419 969 14 from from IN 35419 969 15 the the DT 35419 969 16 center center NN 35419 969 17 of of IN 35419 969 18 the the DT 35419 969 19 faces face NNS 35419 969 20 toward toward IN 35419 969 21 the the DT 35419 969 22 pith pith NNP 35419 969 23 , , , 35419 969 24 Fig Fig NNP 35419 969 25 . . . 35419 970 1 40 40 CD 35419 970 2 , , , 35419 970 3 D. D. NNP 35419 970 4 Sometimes sometimes RB 35419 970 5 the the DT 35419 970 6 whole whole JJ 35419 970 7 amount amount NN 35419 970 8 of of IN 35419 970 9 shrinkage shrinkage NN 35419 970 10 may may MD 35419 970 11 be be VB 35419 970 12 collected collect VBN 35419 970 13 in in IN 35419 970 14 one one CD 35419 970 15 large large JJ 35419 970 16 split split NN 35419 970 17 . . . 35419 971 1 When when WRB 35419 971 2 a a DT 35419 971 3 log log NN 35419 971 4 is be VBZ 35419 971 5 slash slash NN 35419 971 6 - - HYPH 35419 971 7 sawed saw VBN 35419 971 8 , , , 35419 971 9 Fig Fig NNP 35419 971 10 . . . 35419 972 1 40 40 CD 35419 972 2 , , , 35419 972 3 I -PRON- PRP 35419 972 4 , , , 35419 972 5 each each DT 35419 972 6 board board NN 35419 972 7 tends tend VBZ 35419 972 8 to to TO 35419 972 9 warp warp VB 35419 972 10 so so IN 35419 972 11 that that IN 35419 972 12 the the DT 35419 972 13 concave concave NNP 35419 972 14 side side NN 35419 972 15 is be VBZ 35419 972 16 away away RB 35419 972 17 from from IN 35419 972 18 the the DT 35419 972 19 center center NN 35419 972 20 of of IN 35419 972 21 the the DT 35419 972 22 tree tree NN 35419 972 23 . . . 35419 973 1 If if IN 35419 973 2 one one CD 35419 973 3 plank plank NN 35419 973 4 includes include VBZ 35419 973 5 the the DT 35419 973 6 pith pith NNP 35419 973 7 , , , 35419 973 8 Fig Fig NNP 35419 973 9 . . . 35419 974 1 40 40 CD 35419 974 2 , , , 35419 974 3 E e NN 35419 974 4 and and CC 35419 974 5 H h NN 35419 974 6 , , , 35419 974 7 that that DT 35419 974 8 board board NN 35419 974 9 will will MD 35419 974 10 become become VB 35419 974 11 thinner thin JJR 35419 974 12 at at IN 35419 974 13 its -PRON- PRP$ 35419 974 14 edges edge NNS 35419 974 15 than than IN 35419 974 16 at at IN 35419 974 17 its -PRON- PRP$ 35419 974 18 center center NN 35419 974 19 , , , 35419 974 20 _ _ NNP 35419 974 21 i.e. i.e. FW 35419 974 22 _ _ NNP 35419 974 23 , , , 35419 974 24 convex convex NNS 35419 974 25 on on IN 35419 974 26 both both DT 35419 974 27 faces face NNS 35419 974 28 . . . 35419 975 1 Other other JJ 35419 975 2 forms form NNS 35419 975 3 assumed assume VBN 35419 975 4 by by IN 35419 975 5 wood wood NN 35419 975 6 in in IN 35419 975 7 shrinking shrink VBG 35419 975 8 are be VBP 35419 975 9 shown show VBN 35419 975 10 in in IN 35419 975 11 Fig Fig NNP 35419 975 12 . . . 35419 976 1 40 40 CD 35419 976 2 . . . 35419 977 1 In in IN 35419 977 2 the the DT 35419 977 3 cases case NNS 35419 977 4 A A NNP 35419 977 5 - - HYPH 35419 977 6 F F NNP 35419 977 7 the the DT 35419 977 8 explanation explanation NN 35419 977 9 is be VBZ 35419 977 10 the the DT 35419 977 11 same same JJ 35419 977 12 ; ; : 35419 977 13 the the DT 35419 977 14 circumferential circumferential JJ 35419 977 15 shrinkage shrinkage NN 35419 977 16 is be VBZ 35419 977 17 more more JJR 35419 977 18 than than IN 35419 977 19 the the DT 35419 977 20 radial radial NN 35419 977 21 . . . 35419 978 1 In in IN 35419 978 2 J J NNP 35419 978 3 and and CC 35419 978 4 K K NNP 35419 978 5 the the DT 35419 978 6 shapes shape NNS 35419 978 7 are be VBP 35419 978 8 accounted account VBN 35419 978 9 for for IN 35419 978 10 by by IN 35419 978 11 the the DT 35419 978 12 fact fact NN 35419 978 13 that that IN 35419 978 14 wood wood NN 35419 978 15 shrinks shrink NNS 35419 978 16 very very RB 35419 978 17 little little RB 35419 978 18 longitudinally longitudinally RB 35419 978 19 . . . 35419 979 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 979 2 Footnote Footnote NNP 35419 979 3 A a NN 35419 979 4 : : : 35419 979 5 See see VB 35419 979 6 _ _ NNP 35419 979 7 Handwork Handwork NNP 35419 979 8 in in IN 35419 979 9 Wood Wood NNP 35419 979 10 _ _ NNP 35419 979 11 , , , 35419 979 12 p. p. NN 35419 980 1 42 42 CD 35419 980 2 . . . 35419 980 3 ] ] -RRB- 35419 981 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 981 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 981 3 : : : 35419 981 4 Fig Fig NNP 35419 981 5 . . . 35419 982 1 40 40 CD 35419 982 2 . . . 35419 983 1 Shapes shape NNS 35419 983 2 Assumed assume VBN 35419 983 3 by by IN 35419 983 4 Wood Wood NNP 35419 983 5 in in IN 35419 983 6 Shrinking Shrinking NNP 35419 983 7 . . . 35419 983 8 ] ] -RRB- 35419 984 1 Warping warping NN 35419 984 2 is be VBZ 35419 984 3 uneven uneven JJ 35419 984 4 shrinkage shrinkage NN 35419 984 5 , , , 35419 984 6 one one CD 35419 984 7 side side NN 35419 984 8 of of IN 35419 984 9 the the DT 35419 984 10 board board NN 35419 984 11 contracting contract VBG 35419 984 12 more more JJR 35419 984 13 than than IN 35419 984 14 the the DT 35419 984 15 other other JJ 35419 984 16 . . . 35419 985 1 Whenever whenever WRB 35419 985 2 a a DT 35419 985 3 slash slash NN 35419 985 4 board board NN 35419 985 5 warps warps NN 35419 985 6 under under IN 35419 985 7 ordinary ordinary JJ 35419 985 8 conditions condition NNS 35419 985 9 , , , 35419 985 10 the the DT 35419 985 11 convex convex NNP 35419 985 12 side side NN 35419 985 13 is be VBZ 35419 985 14 the the DT 35419 985 15 one one CD 35419 985 16 which which WDT 35419 985 17 was be VBD 35419 985 18 toward toward IN 35419 985 19 the the DT 35419 985 20 center center NN 35419 985 21 of of IN 35419 985 22 the the DT 35419 985 23 tree tree NN 35419 985 24 . . . 35419 986 1 However however RB 35419 986 2 , , , 35419 986 3 a a DT 35419 986 4 board board NN 35419 986 5 may may MD 35419 986 6 be be VB 35419 986 7 made make VBN 35419 986 8 to to TO 35419 986 9 warp warp VB 35419 986 10 artificially artificially RB 35419 986 11 the the DT 35419 986 12 other other JJ 35419 986 13 way way NN 35419 986 14 by by IN 35419 986 15 applying apply VBG 35419 986 16 heat heat NN 35419 986 17 to to IN 35419 986 18 the the DT 35419 986 19 side side NN 35419 986 20 of of IN 35419 986 21 the the DT 35419 986 22 board board NN 35419 986 23 toward toward IN 35419 986 24 the the DT 35419 986 25 center center NN 35419 986 26 of of IN 35419 986 27 the the DT 35419 986 28 tree tree NN 35419 986 29 , , , 35419 986 30 and and CC 35419 986 31 by by IN 35419 986 32 keeping keep VBG 35419 986 33 the the DT 35419 986 34 other other JJ 35419 986 35 side side NN 35419 986 36 moist moist NN 35419 986 37 . . . 35419 987 1 The the DT 35419 987 2 board board NN 35419 987 3 will will MD 35419 987 4 warp warp VB 35419 987 5 only only JJ 35419 987 6 sidewise sidewise NN 35419 987 7 ; ; : 35419 987 8 lengthwise lengthwise RB 35419 987 9 it -PRON- PRP 35419 987 10 remains remain VBZ 35419 987 11 straight straight RB 35419 987 12 unless unless IN 35419 987 13 the the DT 35419 987 14 treatment treatment NN 35419 987 15 is be VBZ 35419 987 16 very very RB 35419 987 17 severe severe JJ 35419 987 18 . . . 35419 988 1 This this DT 35419 988 2 shows show VBZ 35419 988 3 again again RB 35419 988 4 that that DT 35419 988 5 water water NN 35419 988 6 distends distend VBZ 35419 988 7 the the DT 35419 988 8 cells cell NNS 35419 988 9 laterally laterally RB 35419 988 10 but but CC 35419 988 11 not not RB 35419 988 12 longitudinally longitudinally RB 35419 988 13 . . . 35419 989 1 The the DT 35419 989 2 thinning thinning NN 35419 989 3 of of IN 35419 989 4 the the DT 35419 989 5 cell cell NN 35419 989 6 walls wall NNS 35419 989 7 due due JJ 35419 989 8 to to IN 35419 989 9 evaporation evaporation NN 35419 989 10 , , , 35419 989 11 is be VBZ 35419 989 12 thus thus RB 35419 989 13 seen see VBN 35419 989 14 to to TO 35419 989 15 have have VB 35419 989 16 three three CD 35419 989 17 results result NNS 35419 989 18 , , , 35419 989 19 all all DT 35419 989 20 included include VBN 35419 989 21 in in IN 35419 989 22 the the DT 35419 989 23 term term NN 35419 989 24 " " `` 35419 989 25 working work VBG 35419 989 26 , , , 35419 989 27 " " '' 35419 989 28 viz viz NN 35419 989 29 . . . 35419 990 1 : : : 35419 990 2 _ _ NNP 35419 990 3 shrinkage shrinkage NN 35419 990 4 _ _ NNP 35419 990 5 , , , 35419 990 6 a a DT 35419 990 7 diminution diminution NN 35419 990 8 in in IN 35419 990 9 size size NN 35419 990 10 , , , 35419 990 11 _ _ NNP 35419 990 12 splitting splitting NN 35419 990 13 _ _ NNP 35419 990 14 , , , 35419 990 15 due due IN 35419 990 16 to to IN 35419 990 17 the the DT 35419 990 18 inability inability NN 35419 990 19 of of IN 35419 990 20 parts part NNS 35419 990 21 to to TO 35419 990 22 cohere cohere VB 35419 990 23 under under IN 35419 990 24 the the DT 35419 990 25 strains strain NNS 35419 990 26 to to TO 35419 990 27 which which WDT 35419 990 28 they -PRON- PRP 35419 990 29 are be VBP 35419 990 30 subjected subject VBN 35419 990 31 , , , 35419 990 32 and and CC 35419 990 33 _ _ NNP 35419 990 34 warping warp VBG 35419 990 35 _ _ NNP 35419 990 36 , , , 35419 990 37 or or CC 35419 990 38 uneven uneven JJ 35419 990 39 shrinkage shrinkage NN 35419 990 40 . . . 35419 991 1 In in IN 35419 991 2 order order NN 35419 991 3 to to TO 35419 991 4 neutralize neutralize VB 35419 991 5 warping warp VBG 35419 991 6 as as RB 35419 991 7 much much RB 35419 991 8 as as IN 35419 991 9 possible possible JJ 35419 991 10 in in IN 35419 991 11 broad broad JJ 35419 991 12 board board NN 35419 991 13 structures structure NNS 35419 991 14 , , , 35419 991 15 it -PRON- PRP 35419 991 16 is be VBZ 35419 991 17 common common JJ 35419 991 18 to to TO 35419 991 19 joint joint VB 35419 991 20 the the DT 35419 991 21 board board NN 35419 991 22 with with IN 35419 991 23 the the DT 35419 991 24 annual annual JJ 35419 991 25 rings ring NNS 35419 991 26 of of IN 35419 991 27 each each DT 35419 991 28 alternate alternate NNP 35419 991 29 board board NN 35419 991 30 curving curve VBG 35419 991 31 in in IN 35419 991 32 opposite opposite JJ 35419 991 33 directions direction NNS 35419 991 34 , , , 35419 991 35 as as IN 35419 991 36 shown show VBN 35419 991 37 in in IN 35419 991 38 _ _ NNP 35419 991 39 Handwork Handwork NNP 35419 991 40 in in IN 35419 991 41 Wood Wood NNP 35419 991 42 _ _ NNP 35419 991 43 , , , 35419 991 44 Fig Fig NNP 35419 991 45 . . . 35419 992 1 280 280 CD 35419 992 2 , , , 35419 992 3 _ _ NNP 35419 992 4 a a DT 35419 992 5 _ _ NNP 35419 992 6 , , , 35419 992 7 p. p. NN 35419 992 8 188 188 CD 35419 992 9 . . . 35419 993 1 Under under IN 35419 993 2 warping warping NN 35419 993 3 is be VBZ 35419 993 4 included include VBN 35419 993 5 bowing bow VBG 35419 993 6 . . . 35419 994 1 Bowing bowing NN 35419 994 2 , , , 35419 994 3 that that RB 35419 994 4 is is RB 35419 994 5 , , , 35419 994 6 bending bend VBG 35419 994 7 in in IN 35419 994 8 the the DT 35419 994 9 form form NN 35419 994 10 of of IN 35419 994 11 a a DT 35419 994 12 bow bow NN 35419 994 13 , , , 35419 994 14 is be VBZ 35419 994 15 , , , 35419 994 16 so so RB 35419 994 17 to to TO 35419 994 18 speak speak VB 35419 994 19 , , , 35419 994 20 longitudinal longitudinal JJ 35419 994 21 warping warping NN 35419 994 22 . . . 35419 995 1 It -PRON- PRP 35419 995 2 is be VBZ 35419 995 3 largely largely RB 35419 995 4 due due JJ 35419 995 5 to to IN 35419 995 6 crookedness crookedness NN 35419 995 7 or or CC 35419 995 8 irregularity irregularity NN 35419 995 9 of of IN 35419 995 10 grain grain NN 35419 995 11 , , , 35419 995 12 and and CC 35419 995 13 is be VBZ 35419 995 14 likely likely JJ 35419 995 15 to to TO 35419 995 16 occur occur VB 35419 995 17 in in IN 35419 995 18 boards board NNS 35419 995 19 with with IN 35419 995 20 large large JJ 35419 995 21 pith pith NNP 35419 995 22 rays ray NNS 35419 995 23 , , , 35419 995 24 as as IN 35419 995 25 oak oak NN 35419 995 26 and and CC 35419 995 27 sycamore sycamore NN 35419 995 28 . . . 35419 996 1 But but CC 35419 996 2 even even RB 35419 996 3 a a DT 35419 996 4 straight straight RB 35419 996 5 - - HYPH 35419 996 6 grained grain VBN 35419 996 7 piece piece NN 35419 996 8 of of IN 35419 996 9 wood wood NN 35419 996 10 , , , 35419 996 11 left leave VBD 35419 996 12 standing stand VBG 35419 996 13 on on IN 35419 996 14 end end NN 35419 996 15 or or CC 35419 996 16 subjected subject VBN 35419 996 17 to to TO 35419 996 18 heat heat VB 35419 996 19 on on IN 35419 996 20 one one CD 35419 996 21 side side NN 35419 996 22 and and CC 35419 996 23 dampness dampness NN 35419 996 24 on on IN 35419 996 25 the the DT 35419 996 26 other other JJ 35419 996 27 , , , 35419 996 28 will will MD 35419 996 29 bow bow VB 35419 996 30 , , , 35419 996 31 as as IN 35419 996 32 , , , 35419 996 33 for for IN 35419 996 34 instance instance NN 35419 996 35 a a DT 35419 996 36 board board NN 35419 996 37 lying lie VBG 35419 996 38 on on IN 35419 996 39 the the DT 35419 996 40 damp damp JJ 35419 996 41 ground ground NN 35419 996 42 and and CC 35419 996 43 in in IN 35419 996 44 the the DT 35419 996 45 sun sun NN 35419 996 46 . . . 35419 997 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 997 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 997 3 : : : 35419 997 4 Fig Fig NNP 35419 997 5 . . . 35419 998 1 41 41 CD 35419 998 2 . . . 35419 999 1 _ _ NNP 35419 999 2 a a DT 35419 999 3 _ _ NNP 35419 999 4 , , , 35419 999 5 Star Star NNP 35419 999 6 Shakes Shakes NNP 35419 999 7 ; ; : 35419 999 8 _ _ NNP 35419 999 9 b b NNP 35419 999 10 _ _ NNP 35419 999 11 , , , 35419 999 12 Heart Heart NNP 35419 999 13 Shakes Shakes NNPS 35419 999 14 ; ; : 35419 999 15 _ _ NNP 35419 999 16 c c NNP 35419 999 17 _ _ NNP 35419 999 18 , , , 35419 999 19 Cup Cup NNP 35419 999 20 Shakes Shakes NNPS 35419 999 21 or or CC 35419 999 22 Ring Ring NNP 35419 999 23 Shakes Shakes NNPS 35419 999 24 ; ; : 35419 999 25 _ _ NNP 35419 999 26 d d NNP 35419 999 27 _ _ NNP 35419 999 28 , , , 35419 999 29 Honeycombing Honeycombing NNP 35419 999 30 . . . 35419 999 31 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1000 1 Splitting splitting NN 35419 1000 2 takes take VBZ 35419 1000 3 various various JJ 35419 1000 4 names name NNS 35419 1000 5 , , , 35419 1000 6 according accord VBG 35419 1000 7 to to IN 35419 1000 8 its -PRON- PRP$ 35419 1000 9 form form NN 35419 1000 10 in in IN 35419 1000 11 the the DT 35419 1000 12 tree tree NN 35419 1000 13 . . . 35419 1001 1 " " `` 35419 1001 2 Check check VB 35419 1001 3 " " '' 35419 1001 4 is be VBZ 35419 1001 5 a a DT 35419 1001 6 term term NN 35419 1001 7 used use VBN 35419 1001 8 for for IN 35419 1001 9 all all DT 35419 1001 10 sorts sort NNS 35419 1001 11 of of IN 35419 1001 12 cracks crack NNS 35419 1001 13 , , , 35419 1001 14 and and CC 35419 1001 15 more more RBR 35419 1001 16 particularly particularly RB 35419 1001 17 for for IN 35419 1001 18 a a DT 35419 1001 19 longitudinal longitudinal JJ 35419 1001 20 crack crack NN 35419 1001 21 in in IN 35419 1001 22 timber timber NN 35419 1001 23 . . . 35419 1002 1 " " `` 35419 1002 2 Shakes Shakes NNPS 35419 1002 3 " " '' 35419 1002 4 are be VBP 35419 1002 5 splits split NNS 35419 1002 6 of of IN 35419 1002 7 various various JJ 35419 1002 8 forms form NNS 35419 1002 9 as as IN 35419 1002 10 : : : 35419 1002 11 _ _ NNP 35419 1002 12 star star NN 35419 1002 13 shakes shake VBZ 35419 1002 14 _ _ NNP 35419 1002 15 , , , 35419 1002 16 Fig Fig NNP 35419 1002 17 . . . 35419 1003 1 41 41 CD 35419 1003 2 , , , 35419 1003 3 _ _ NNP 35419 1003 4 a a DT 35419 1003 5 _ _ NNP 35419 1003 6 , , , 35419 1003 7 splits split NNS 35419 1003 8 which which WDT 35419 1003 9 radiate radiate VBP 35419 1003 10 from from IN 35419 1003 11 the the DT 35419 1003 12 pith pith NN 35419 1003 13 along along IN 35419 1003 14 the the DT 35419 1003 15 pith pith NNP 35419 1003 16 rays ray NNS 35419 1003 17 and and CC 35419 1003 18 widen widen VB 35419 1003 19 outward outward RB 35419 1003 20 ; ; : 35419 1003 21 _ _ NNP 35419 1003 22 heart heart NN 35419 1003 23 shakes shake VBZ 35419 1003 24 _ _ NNP 35419 1003 25 , , , 35419 1003 26 Fig Fig NNP 35419 1003 27 . . . 35419 1004 1 41 41 CD 35419 1004 2 , , , 35419 1004 3 _ _ NNP 35419 1004 4 b b NNP 35419 1004 5 _ _ NNP 35419 1004 6 , , , 35419 1004 7 splits split VBZ 35419 1004 8 crossing cross VBG 35419 1004 9 the the DT 35419 1004 10 central central JJ 35419 1004 11 rings ring NNS 35419 1004 12 and and CC 35419 1004 13 widening widen VBG 35419 1004 14 toward toward IN 35419 1004 15 the the DT 35419 1004 16 center center NN 35419 1004 17 ; ; : 35419 1004 18 and and CC 35419 1004 19 _ _ NNP 35419 1004 20 cup cup NN 35419 1004 21 _ _ NNP 35419 1004 22 or or CC 35419 1004 23 _ _ NNP 35419 1004 24 ring ring NN 35419 1004 25 shakes shake NNS 35419 1004 26 _ _ NNP 35419 1004 27 , , , 35419 1004 28 Fig Fig NNP 35419 1004 29 . . . 35419 1005 1 41 41 CD 35419 1005 2 , , , 35419 1005 3 _ _ NNP 35419 1005 4 c c NNP 35419 1005 5 _ _ NNP 35419 1005 6 , , , 35419 1005 7 splits split NNS 35419 1005 8 between between IN 35419 1005 9 the the DT 35419 1005 10 annual annual JJ 35419 1005 11 rings ring NNS 35419 1005 12 . . . 35419 1006 1 _ _ NNP 35419 1006 2 Honeycombing Honeycombing NNP 35419 1006 3 _ _ NNP 35419 1006 4 , , , 35419 1006 5 Fig Fig NNP 35419 1006 6 . . . 35419 1007 1 41 41 CD 35419 1007 2 , , , 35419 1007 3 _ _ NNP 35419 1007 4 d d NNP 35419 1007 5 _ _ NNP 35419 1007 6 , , , 35419 1007 7 is be VBZ 35419 1007 8 splitting splitting JJ 35419 1007 9 along along IN 35419 1007 10 the the DT 35419 1007 11 pith pith NNP 35419 1007 12 rays ray NNS 35419 1007 13 and and CC 35419 1007 14 is be VBZ 35419 1007 15 due due JJ 35419 1007 16 largely largely RB 35419 1007 17 to to TO 35419 1007 18 case case NN 35419 1007 19 hardening harden VBG 35419 1007 20 . . . 35419 1008 1 These these DT 35419 1008 2 are be VBP 35419 1008 3 not not RB 35419 1008 4 all all DT 35419 1008 5 due due JJ 35419 1008 6 to to IN 35419 1008 7 shrinkage shrinkage NN 35419 1008 8 in in IN 35419 1008 9 drying drying NN 35419 1008 10 , , , 35419 1008 11 but but CC 35419 1008 12 may may MD 35419 1008 13 occur occur VB 35419 1008 14 in in IN 35419 1008 15 the the DT 35419 1008 16 growing grow VBG 35419 1008 17 tree tree NN 35419 1008 18 from from IN 35419 1008 19 various various JJ 35419 1008 20 harmful harmful JJ 35419 1008 21 causes cause NNS 35419 1008 22 . . . 35419 1009 1 See see VB 35419 1009 2 p. p. NN 35419 1009 3 232 232 CD 35419 1009 4 . . . 35419 1010 1 Wood wood NN 35419 1010 2 that that WDT 35419 1010 3 has have VBZ 35419 1010 4 once once RB 35419 1010 5 been be VBN 35419 1010 6 dried dry VBN 35419 1010 7 may may MD 35419 1010 8 again again RB 35419 1010 9 be be VB 35419 1010 10 swelled swell VBN 35419 1010 11 to to IN 35419 1010 12 nearly nearly RB 35419 1010 13 if if IN 35419 1010 14 not not RB 35419 1010 15 fully fully RB 35419 1010 16 its -PRON- PRP$ 35419 1010 17 original original JJ 35419 1010 18 size size NN 35419 1010 19 , , , 35419 1010 20 by by IN 35419 1010 21 being be VBG 35419 1010 22 soaked soak VBN 35419 1010 23 in in IN 35419 1010 24 water water NN 35419 1010 25 or or CC 35419 1010 26 subjected subject VBN 35419 1010 27 to to IN 35419 1010 28 wet wet JJ 35419 1010 29 steam steam NN 35419 1010 30 . . . 35419 1011 1 This this DT 35419 1011 2 fact fact NN 35419 1011 3 is be VBZ 35419 1011 4 taken take VBN 35419 1011 5 advantage advantage NN 35419 1011 6 of of IN 35419 1011 7 in in IN 35419 1011 8 wetting wet VBG 35419 1011 9 wooden wooden JJ 35419 1011 10 wedges wedge NNS 35419 1011 11 to to TO 35419 1011 12 split split VB 35419 1011 13 some some DT 35419 1011 14 kinds kind NNS 35419 1011 15 of of IN 35419 1011 16 soft soft JJ 35419 1011 17 stone stone NN 35419 1011 18 . . . 35419 1012 1 The the DT 35419 1012 2 processes process NNS 35419 1012 3 of of IN 35419 1012 4 shrinking shrink VBG 35419 1012 5 and and CC 35419 1012 6 swelling swelling NN 35419 1012 7 can can MD 35419 1012 8 be be VB 35419 1012 9 repeated repeat VBN 35419 1012 10 indefinitely indefinitely RB 35419 1012 11 , , , 35419 1012 12 and and CC 35419 1012 13 no no DT 35419 1012 14 temperature temperature NN 35419 1012 15 short short RB 35419 1012 16 of of IN 35419 1012 17 burning burn VBG 35419 1012 18 , , , 35419 1012 19 completely completely RB 35419 1012 20 prevents prevent VBZ 35419 1012 21 wood wood NN 35419 1012 22 from from IN 35419 1012 23 shrinking shrink VBG 35419 1012 24 and and CC 35419 1012 25 swelling swell VBG 35419 1012 26 . . . 35419 1013 1 Rapid rapid JJ 35419 1013 2 drying drying NN 35419 1013 3 of of IN 35419 1013 4 wood wood NN 35419 1013 5 tends tend VBZ 35419 1013 6 to to TO 35419 1013 7 " " `` 35419 1013 8 case case NN 35419 1013 9 harden harden VB 35419 1013 10 " " '' 35419 1013 11 it -PRON- PRP 35419 1013 12 , , , 35419 1013 13 _ _ NNP 35419 1013 14 i.e. i.e. FW 35419 1013 15 _ _ NNP 35419 1013 16 , , , 35419 1013 17 to to TO 35419 1013 18 dry dry VB 35419 1013 19 and and CC 35419 1013 20 shrink shrink VB 35419 1013 21 the the DT 35419 1013 22 outer outer JJ 35419 1013 23 part part NN 35419 1013 24 before before IN 35419 1013 25 the the DT 35419 1013 26 inside inside NN 35419 1013 27 has have VBZ 35419 1013 28 had have VBN 35419 1013 29 a a DT 35419 1013 30 chance chance NN 35419 1013 31 to to TO 35419 1013 32 do do VB 35419 1013 33 the the DT 35419 1013 34 same same JJ 35419 1013 35 . . . 35419 1014 1 This this DT 35419 1014 2 results result VBZ 35419 1014 3 in in IN 35419 1014 4 checking check VBG 35419 1014 5 separately separately RB 35419 1014 6 both both CC 35419 1014 7 the the DT 35419 1014 8 outside outside NN 35419 1014 9 and and CC 35419 1014 10 the the DT 35419 1014 11 inside inside JJ 35419 1014 12 , , , 35419 1014 13 hence hence RB 35419 1014 14 special special JJ 35419 1014 15 precautions precaution NNS 35419 1014 16 need need VBP 35419 1014 17 to to TO 35419 1014 18 be be VB 35419 1014 19 taken take VBN 35419 1014 20 in in IN 35419 1014 21 the the DT 35419 1014 22 seasoning seasoning NN 35419 1014 23 of of IN 35419 1014 24 wood wood NN 35419 1014 25 to to TO 35419 1014 26 prevent prevent VB 35419 1014 27 this this DT 35419 1014 28 . . . 35419 1015 1 When when WRB 35419 1015 2 wood wood NN 35419 1015 3 is be VBZ 35419 1015 4 once once RB 35419 1015 5 thoroly thoroly NN 35419 1015 6 bent bend VBD 35419 1015 7 out out IN 35419 1015 8 of of IN 35419 1015 9 shape shape NN 35419 1015 10 in in IN 35419 1015 11 shrinking shrink VBG 35419 1015 12 , , , 35419 1015 13 it -PRON- PRP 35419 1015 14 is be VBZ 35419 1015 15 very very RB 35419 1015 16 difficult difficult JJ 35419 1015 17 to to TO 35419 1015 18 straighten straighten VB 35419 1015 19 it -PRON- PRP 35419 1015 20 again again RB 35419 1015 21 . . . 35419 1016 1 Woods wood NNS 35419 1016 2 vary vary VBP 35419 1016 3 considerably considerably RB 35419 1016 4 in in IN 35419 1016 5 the the DT 35419 1016 6 amounts amount NNS 35419 1016 7 of of IN 35419 1016 8 their -PRON- PRP$ 35419 1016 9 shrinkage shrinkage NN 35419 1016 10 . . . 35419 1017 1 The the DT 35419 1017 2 conifers conifer NNS 35419 1017 3 with with IN 35419 1017 4 their -PRON- PRP$ 35419 1017 5 regular regular JJ 35419 1017 6 structure structure NN 35419 1017 7 shrink shrink VBP 35419 1017 8 less less RBR 35419 1017 9 and and CC 35419 1017 10 shrink shrink VB 35419 1017 11 more more RBR 35419 1017 12 evenly evenly RB 35419 1017 13 than than IN 35419 1017 14 the the DT 35419 1017 15 broad broad RB 35419 1017 16 - - HYPH 35419 1017 17 leaved leave VBN 35419 1017 18 woods wood NNS 35419 1017 19 . . . 35419 1018 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1018 2 3 3 LS 35419 1018 3 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1018 4 Wood wood NN 35419 1018 5 , , , 35419 1018 6 even even RB 35419 1018 7 after after IN 35419 1018 8 it -PRON- PRP 35419 1018 9 has have VBZ 35419 1018 10 been be VBN 35419 1018 11 well well RB 35419 1018 12 seasoned seasoned JJ 35419 1018 13 , , , 35419 1018 14 is be VBZ 35419 1018 15 subject subject JJ 35419 1018 16 to to IN 35419 1018 17 frequent frequent JJ 35419 1018 18 changes change NNS 35419 1018 19 in in IN 35419 1018 20 volume volume NN 35419 1018 21 due due IN 35419 1018 22 to to IN 35419 1018 23 the the DT 35419 1018 24 varying varying NN 35419 1018 25 amount amount NN 35419 1018 26 of of IN 35419 1018 27 moisture moisture NN 35419 1018 28 in in IN 35419 1018 29 the the DT 35419 1018 30 atmosphere atmosphere NN 35419 1018 31 . . . 35419 1019 1 This this DT 35419 1019 2 involves involve VBZ 35419 1019 3 constant constant JJ 35419 1019 4 care care NN 35419 1019 5 in in IN 35419 1019 6 handling handle VBG 35419 1019 7 it -PRON- PRP 35419 1019 8 and and CC 35419 1019 9 wisdom wisdom NN 35419 1019 10 in in IN 35419 1019 11 its -PRON- PRP$ 35419 1019 12 use use NN 35419 1019 13 . . . 35419 1020 1 These these DT 35419 1020 2 matters matter NNS 35419 1020 3 are be VBP 35419 1020 4 considered consider VBN 35419 1020 5 in in IN 35419 1020 6 _ _ NNP 35419 1020 7 Handwork Handwork NNP 35419 1020 8 in in IN 35419 1020 9 Wood Wood NNP 35419 1020 10 _ _ NNP 35419 1020 11 , , , 35419 1020 12 Chapter Chapter NNP 35419 1020 13 III III NNP 35419 1020 14 , , , 35419 1020 15 on on IN 35419 1020 16 the the DT 35419 1020 17 Seasoning Seasoning NNP 35419 1020 18 of of IN 35419 1020 19 Wood Wood NNP 35419 1020 20 . . . 35419 1021 1 THE the DT 35419 1021 2 WEIGHT WEIGHT NNS 35419 1021 3 OF of IN 35419 1021 4 WOOD WOOD NNP 35419 1021 5 . . . 35419 1022 1 Wood wood NN 35419 1022 2 substance substance NN 35419 1022 3 itself -PRON- PRP 35419 1022 4 is be VBZ 35419 1022 5 heavier heavy JJR 35419 1022 6 than than IN 35419 1022 7 water water NN 35419 1022 8 , , , 35419 1022 9 as as IN 35419 1022 10 can can MD 35419 1022 11 readily readily RB 35419 1022 12 be be VB 35419 1022 13 proved prove VBN 35419 1022 14 by by IN 35419 1022 15 immersing immerse VBG 35419 1022 16 a a DT 35419 1022 17 very very RB 35419 1022 18 thin thin JJ 35419 1022 19 cross cross NN 35419 1022 20 - - NN 35419 1022 21 section section NN 35419 1022 22 of of IN 35419 1022 23 pine pine NN 35419 1022 24 in in IN 35419 1022 25 water water NN 35419 1022 26 . . . 35419 1023 1 Since since IN 35419 1023 2 the the DT 35419 1023 3 cells cell NNS 35419 1023 4 are be VBP 35419 1023 5 cut cut VBN 35419 1023 6 across across IN 35419 1023 7 , , , 35419 1023 8 the the DT 35419 1023 9 water water NN 35419 1023 10 readily readily RB 35419 1023 11 enters enter VBZ 35419 1023 12 the the DT 35419 1023 13 cavities cavity NNS 35419 1023 14 , , , 35419 1023 15 and and CC 35419 1023 16 the the DT 35419 1023 17 wood wood NN 35419 1023 18 being be VBG 35419 1023 19 heavier heavy JJR 35419 1023 20 than than IN 35419 1023 21 the the DT 35419 1023 22 water water NN 35419 1023 23 , , , 35419 1023 24 sinks sink NNS 35419 1023 25 . . . 35419 1024 1 In in IN 35419 1024 2 fact fact NN 35419 1024 3 , , , 35419 1024 4 it -PRON- PRP 35419 1024 5 is be VBZ 35419 1024 6 the the DT 35419 1024 7 air air NN 35419 1024 8 enclosed enclose VBN 35419 1024 9 in in IN 35419 1024 10 the the DT 35419 1024 11 cell cell NN 35419 1024 12 cavities cavity NNS 35419 1024 13 that that WDT 35419 1024 14 ordinarily ordinarily RB 35419 1024 15 keeps keep VBZ 35419 1024 16 wood wood NN 35419 1024 17 afloat afloat RB 35419 1024 18 , , , 35419 1024 19 just just RB 35419 1024 20 as as IN 35419 1024 21 it -PRON- PRP 35419 1024 22 does do VBZ 35419 1024 23 a a DT 35419 1024 24 corked cork VBN 35419 1024 25 empty empty JJ 35419 1024 26 bottle bottle NN 35419 1024 27 , , , 35419 1024 28 altho altho NNP 35419 1024 29 glass glass NN 35419 1024 30 is be VBZ 35419 1024 31 heavier heavy JJR 35419 1024 32 than than IN 35419 1024 33 water water NN 35419 1024 34 . . . 35419 1025 1 A a DT 35419 1025 2 longitudinal longitudinal JJ 35419 1025 3 shaving shaving NN 35419 1025 4 of of IN 35419 1025 5 pine pine NN 35419 1025 6 will will MD 35419 1025 7 float float VB 35419 1025 8 longer long RBR 35419 1025 9 than than IN 35419 1025 10 a a DT 35419 1025 11 cross cross NN 35419 1025 12 shaving shaving NN 35419 1025 13 for for IN 35419 1025 14 the the DT 35419 1025 15 simple simple JJ 35419 1025 16 reason reason NN 35419 1025 17 that that IN 35419 1025 18 it -PRON- PRP 35419 1025 19 takes take VBZ 35419 1025 20 longer long JJR 35419 1025 21 for for IN 35419 1025 22 the the DT 35419 1025 23 water water NN 35419 1025 24 to to TO 35419 1025 25 penetrate penetrate VB 35419 1025 26 the the DT 35419 1025 27 cells cell NNS 35419 1025 28 , , , 35419 1025 29 and and CC 35419 1025 30 a a DT 35419 1025 31 good good JJ 35419 1025 32 sized sized JJ 35419 1025 33 white white JJ 35419 1025 34 pine pine NN 35419 1025 35 log log NN 35419 1025 36 would would MD 35419 1025 37 be be VB 35419 1025 38 years year NNS 35419 1025 39 in in IN 35419 1025 40 getting get VBG 35419 1025 41 water water NN 35419 1025 42 - - HYPH 35419 1025 43 soaked soak VBN 35419 1025 44 enough enough RB 35419 1025 45 to to TO 35419 1025 46 sink sink VB 35419 1025 47 . . . 35419 1026 1 As as RB 35419 1026 2 long long RB 35419 1026 3 as as IN 35419 1026 4 a a DT 35419 1026 5 majority majority NN 35419 1026 6 of of IN 35419 1026 7 the the DT 35419 1026 8 cells cell NNS 35419 1026 9 are be VBP 35419 1026 10 filled fill VBN 35419 1026 11 with with IN 35419 1026 12 air air NN 35419 1026 13 it -PRON- PRP 35419 1026 14 would would MD 35419 1026 15 float float VB 35419 1026 16 . . . 35419 1027 1 In in IN 35419 1027 2 any any DT 35419 1027 3 given give VBN 35419 1027 4 piece piece NN 35419 1027 5 of of IN 35419 1027 6 wood wood NN 35419 1027 7 , , , 35419 1027 8 then then RB 35419 1027 9 , , , 35419 1027 10 the the DT 35419 1027 11 weight weight NN 35419 1027 12 is be VBZ 35419 1027 13 determined determine VBN 35419 1027 14 by by IN 35419 1027 15 two two CD 35419 1027 16 factors factor NNS 35419 1027 17 , , , 35419 1027 18 the the DT 35419 1027 19 amount amount NN 35419 1027 20 of of IN 35419 1027 21 wood wood NN 35419 1027 22 substance substance NN 35419 1027 23 and and CC 35419 1027 24 the the DT 35419 1027 25 amount amount NN 35419 1027 26 of of IN 35419 1027 27 water water NN 35419 1027 28 contained contain VBN 35419 1027 29 therein therein RB 35419 1027 30 . . . 35419 1028 1 The the DT 35419 1028 2 amount amount NN 35419 1028 3 of of IN 35419 1028 4 wood wood NN 35419 1028 5 substance substance NN 35419 1028 6 is be VBZ 35419 1028 7 constant constant JJ 35419 1028 8 , , , 35419 1028 9 but but CC 35419 1028 10 the the DT 35419 1028 11 amount amount NN 35419 1028 12 of of IN 35419 1028 13 water water NN 35419 1028 14 contained contain VBN 35419 1028 15 is be VBZ 35419 1028 16 variable variable JJ 35419 1028 17 , , , 35419 1028 18 and and CC 35419 1028 19 hence hence RB 35419 1028 20 the the DT 35419 1028 21 weight weight NN 35419 1028 22 varies vary VBZ 35419 1028 23 accordingly accordingly RB 35419 1028 24 . . . 35419 1029 1 Moreover moreover RB 35419 1029 2 , , , 35419 1029 3 considering consider VBG 35419 1029 4 the the DT 35419 1029 5 wood wood NN 35419 1029 6 substance substance NN 35419 1029 7 alone alone RB 35419 1029 8 , , , 35419 1029 9 the the DT 35419 1029 10 weight weight NN 35419 1029 11 of of IN 35419 1029 12 wood wood NN 35419 1029 13 substance substance NN 35419 1029 14 of of IN 35419 1029 15 different different JJ 35419 1029 16 kinds kind NNS 35419 1029 17 of of IN 35419 1029 18 wood wood NN 35419 1029 19 is be VBZ 35419 1029 20 about about RB 35419 1029 21 the the DT 35419 1029 22 same same JJ 35419 1029 23 ; ; : 35419 1029 24 namely namely RB 35419 1029 25 , , , 35419 1029 26 1.6 1.6 CD 35419 1029 27 times time NNS 35419 1029 28 as as RB 35419 1029 29 heavy heavy JJ 35419 1029 30 as as IN 35419 1029 31 water water NN 35419 1029 32 , , , 35419 1029 33 whether whether IN 35419 1029 34 it -PRON- PRP 35419 1029 35 is be VBZ 35419 1029 36 oak oak NN 35419 1029 37 or or CC 35419 1029 38 pine pine NN 35419 1029 39 , , , 35419 1029 40 ebony ebony NN 35419 1029 41 or or CC 35419 1029 42 poplar poplar JJ 35419 1029 43 . . . 35419 1030 1 The the DT 35419 1030 2 reason reason NN 35419 1030 3 why why WRB 35419 1030 4 a a DT 35419 1030 5 given give VBN 35419 1030 6 bulk bulk NN 35419 1030 7 of of IN 35419 1030 8 some some DT 35419 1030 9 woods wood NNS 35419 1030 10 is be VBZ 35419 1030 11 lighter light JJR 35419 1030 12 than than IN 35419 1030 13 an an DT 35419 1030 14 equal equal JJ 35419 1030 15 bulk bulk NN 35419 1030 16 of of IN 35419 1030 17 others other NNS 35419 1030 18 , , , 35419 1030 19 is be VBZ 35419 1030 20 because because IN 35419 1030 21 there there EX 35419 1030 22 are be VBP 35419 1030 23 more more RBR 35419 1030 24 thin thin JJ 35419 1030 25 - - HYPH 35419 1030 26 walled walled JJ 35419 1030 27 and and CC 35419 1030 28 air air NN 35419 1030 29 - - HYPH 35419 1030 30 filled fill VBN 35419 1030 31 cells cell NNS 35419 1030 32 in in IN 35419 1030 33 the the DT 35419 1030 34 light light JJ 35419 1030 35 woods wood NNS 35419 1030 36 . . . 35419 1031 1 Many many JJ 35419 1031 2 hard hard JJ 35419 1031 3 woods wood NNS 35419 1031 4 , , , 35419 1031 5 as as IN 35419 1031 6 lignum lignum NN 35419 1031 7 vitae vitae NN 35419 1031 8 , , , 35419 1031 9 are be VBP 35419 1031 10 so so RB 35419 1031 11 heavy heavy JJ 35419 1031 12 that that IN 35419 1031 13 they -PRON- PRP 35419 1031 14 will will MD 35419 1031 15 not not RB 35419 1031 16 float float VB 35419 1031 17 at at RB 35419 1031 18 all all RB 35419 1031 19 . . . 35419 1032 1 This this DT 35419 1032 2 is be VBZ 35419 1032 3 because because IN 35419 1032 4 the the DT 35419 1032 5 wall wall NN 35419 1032 6 of of IN 35419 1032 7 the the DT 35419 1032 8 wood wood NN 35419 1032 9 cells cell NNS 35419 1032 10 is be VBZ 35419 1032 11 very very RB 35419 1032 12 thick thick JJ 35419 1032 13 , , , 35419 1032 14 and and CC 35419 1032 15 the the DT 35419 1032 16 lumina lumina NNP 35419 1032 17 are be VBP 35419 1032 18 small small JJ 35419 1032 19 . . . 35419 1033 1 In in IN 35419 1033 2 order order NN 35419 1033 3 , , , 35419 1033 4 then then RB 35419 1033 5 , , , 35419 1033 6 to to TO 35419 1033 7 find find VB 35419 1033 8 out out RP 35419 1033 9 the the DT 35419 1033 10 comparative comparative JJ 35419 1033 11 weights weight NNS 35419 1033 12 of of IN 35419 1033 13 different different JJ 35419 1033 14 woods wood NNS 35419 1033 15 , , , 35419 1033 16 that that RB 35419 1033 17 is is RB 35419 1033 18 , , , 35419 1033 19 to to TO 35419 1033 20 see see VB 35419 1033 21 how how WRB 35419 1033 22 much much JJ 35419 1033 23 wood wood NN 35419 1033 24 substance substance NN 35419 1033 25 there there EX 35419 1033 26 is be VBZ 35419 1033 27 in in IN 35419 1033 28 a a DT 35419 1033 29 given give VBN 35419 1033 30 volume volume NN 35419 1033 31 of of IN 35419 1033 32 any any DT 35419 1033 33 wood wood NN 35419 1033 34 , , , 35419 1033 35 it -PRON- PRP 35419 1033 36 is be VBZ 35419 1033 37 necessary necessary JJ 35419 1033 38 to to TO 35419 1033 39 test test VB 35419 1033 40 absolutely absolutely RB 35419 1033 41 dry dry JJ 35419 1033 42 specimens specimen NNS 35419 1033 43 . . . 35419 1034 1 The the DT 35419 1034 2 weight weight NN 35419 1034 3 of of IN 35419 1034 4 wood wood NN 35419 1034 5 is be VBZ 35419 1034 6 indicated indicate VBN 35419 1034 7 either either CC 35419 1034 8 as as IN 35419 1034 9 the the DT 35419 1034 10 weight weight NN 35419 1034 11 per per IN 35419 1034 12 cubic cubic JJ 35419 1034 13 foot foot NN 35419 1034 14 or or CC 35419 1034 15 as as IN 35419 1034 16 specific specific JJ 35419 1034 17 gravity gravity NN 35419 1034 18 . . . 35419 1035 1 It -PRON- PRP 35419 1035 2 is be VBZ 35419 1035 3 an an DT 35419 1035 4 interesting interesting JJ 35419 1035 5 fact fact NN 35419 1035 6 that that IN 35419 1035 7 different different JJ 35419 1035 8 parts part NNS 35419 1035 9 of of IN 35419 1035 10 the the DT 35419 1035 11 same same JJ 35419 1035 12 tree tree NN 35419 1035 13 have have VBP 35419 1035 14 different different JJ 35419 1035 15 weights weight NNS 35419 1035 16 , , , 35419 1035 17 the the DT 35419 1035 18 wood wood NN 35419 1035 19 at at IN 35419 1035 20 the the DT 35419 1035 21 base base NN 35419 1035 22 of of IN 35419 1035 23 the the DT 35419 1035 24 tree tree NN 35419 1035 25 weighing weigh VBG 35419 1035 26 more more JJR 35419 1035 27 than than IN 35419 1035 28 that that DT 35419 1035 29 higher high JJR 35419 1035 30 up up RP 35419 1035 31 , , , 35419 1035 32 and and CC 35419 1035 33 the the DT 35419 1035 34 wood wood NN 35419 1035 35 midway midway NN 35419 1035 36 between between IN 35419 1035 37 the the DT 35419 1035 38 pith pith NNP 35419 1035 39 and and CC 35419 1035 40 bark bark NN 35419 1035 41 weighing weigh VBG 35419 1035 42 more more JJR 35419 1035 43 than than IN 35419 1035 44 either either CC 35419 1035 45 the the DT 35419 1035 46 center center NN 35419 1035 47 or or CC 35419 1035 48 the the DT 35419 1035 49 outside outside NN 35419 1035 50 . . . 35419 1036 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1036 2 4 4 LS 35419 1036 3 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1036 4 The the DT 35419 1036 5 weight weight NN 35419 1036 6 of of IN 35419 1036 7 wood wood NN 35419 1036 8 has have VBZ 35419 1036 9 a a DT 35419 1036 10 very very RB 35419 1036 11 important important JJ 35419 1036 12 bearing bearing NN 35419 1036 13 upon upon IN 35419 1036 14 its -PRON- PRP$ 35419 1036 15 use use NN 35419 1036 16 . . . 35419 1037 1 A a DT 35419 1037 2 mallet mallet NN 35419 1037 3 - - HYPH 35419 1037 4 head head NN 35419 1037 5 , , , 35419 1037 6 for for IN 35419 1037 7 example example NN 35419 1037 8 , , , 35419 1037 9 needs need VBZ 35419 1037 10 weight weight NN 35419 1037 11 in in IN 35419 1037 12 a a DT 35419 1037 13 small small JJ 35419 1037 14 volume volume NN 35419 1037 15 , , , 35419 1037 16 but but CC 35419 1037 17 it -PRON- PRP 35419 1037 18 must must MD 35419 1037 19 also also RB 35419 1037 20 be be VB 35419 1037 21 tough tough JJ 35419 1037 22 to to TO 35419 1037 23 resist resist VB 35419 1037 24 shocks shock NNS 35419 1037 25 , , , 35419 1037 26 and and CC 35419 1037 27 elastic elastic JJ 35419 1037 28 so so IN 35419 1037 29 as as IN 35419 1037 30 to to TO 35419 1037 31 impart impart VB 35419 1037 32 its -PRON- PRP$ 35419 1037 33 momentum momentum NN 35419 1037 34 gradually gradually RB 35419 1037 35 and and CC 35419 1037 36 not not RB 35419 1037 37 all all RB 35419 1037 38 at at IN 35419 1037 39 once once RB 35419 1037 40 , , , 35419 1037 41 as as IN 35419 1037 42 an an DT 35419 1037 43 iron iron NN 35419 1037 44 head head NN 35419 1037 45 does do VBZ 35419 1037 46 . . . 35419 1038 1 Weight weight NN 35419 1038 2 is be VBZ 35419 1038 3 important important JJ 35419 1038 4 , , , 35419 1038 5 too too RB 35419 1038 6 , , , 35419 1038 7 in in IN 35419 1038 8 objects object NNS 35419 1038 9 of of IN 35419 1038 10 wood wood NN 35419 1038 11 that that WDT 35419 1038 12 are be VBP 35419 1038 13 movable movable JJ 35419 1038 14 . . . 35419 1039 1 The the DT 35419 1039 2 lighter light JJR 35419 1039 3 the the DT 35419 1039 4 wood wood NN 35419 1039 5 the the DT 35419 1039 6 better well JJR 35419 1039 7 , , , 35419 1039 8 if if IN 35419 1039 9 it -PRON- PRP 35419 1039 10 is be VBZ 35419 1039 11 strong strong JJ 35419 1039 12 enough enough RB 35419 1039 13 . . . 35419 1040 1 That that DT 35419 1040 2 is be VBZ 35419 1040 3 why why WRB 35419 1040 4 spruce spruce NN 35419 1040 5 is be VBZ 35419 1040 6 valuable valuable JJ 35419 1040 7 for for IN 35419 1040 8 ladders ladder NNS 35419 1040 9 ; ; : 35419 1040 10 it -PRON- PRP 35419 1040 11 is be VBZ 35419 1040 12 both both DT 35419 1040 13 light light JJ 35419 1040 14 and and CC 35419 1040 15 strong strong JJ 35419 1040 16 . . . 35419 1041 1 Chestnut chestnut NN 35419 1041 2 would would MD 35419 1041 3 be be VB 35419 1041 4 a a DT 35419 1041 5 valuable valuable JJ 35419 1041 6 wood wood NN 35419 1041 7 for for IN 35419 1041 8 furniture furniture NN 35419 1041 9 if if IN 35419 1041 10 it -PRON- PRP 35419 1041 11 were be VBD 35419 1041 12 not not RB 35419 1041 13 weak weak JJ 35419 1041 14 , , , 35419 1041 15 especially especially RB 35419 1041 16 in in IN 35419 1041 17 the the DT 35419 1041 18 spring spring NN 35419 1041 19 wood wood NN 35419 1041 20 . . . 35419 1042 1 The the DT 35419 1042 2 weight weight NN 35419 1042 3 of of IN 35419 1042 4 wood wood NN 35419 1042 5 is be VBZ 35419 1042 6 one one CD 35419 1042 7 measure measure NN 35419 1042 8 of of IN 35419 1042 9 its -PRON- PRP$ 35419 1042 10 strength strength NN 35419 1042 11 . . . 35419 1043 1 Heavy heavy JJ 35419 1043 2 wood wood NN 35419 1043 3 is be VBZ 35419 1043 4 stronger strong JJR 35419 1043 5 than than IN 35419 1043 6 light light JJ 35419 1043 7 wood wood NN 35419 1043 8 of of IN 35419 1043 9 the the DT 35419 1043 10 same same JJ 35419 1043 11 kind kind NN 35419 1043 12 , , , 35419 1043 13 for for IN 35419 1043 14 the the DT 35419 1043 15 simple simple JJ 35419 1043 16 reason reason NN 35419 1043 17 that that IN 35419 1043 18 weight weight NN 35419 1043 19 and and CC 35419 1043 20 strength strength NN 35419 1043 21 are be VBP 35419 1043 22 dependent dependent JJ 35419 1043 23 upon upon IN 35419 1043 24 the the DT 35419 1043 25 number number NN 35419 1043 26 and and CC 35419 1043 27 compactness compactness NN 35419 1043 28 of of IN 35419 1043 29 the the DT 35419 1043 30 fibers fiber NNS 35419 1043 31 . . . 35419 1044 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1044 2 5 5 LS 35419 1044 3 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1044 4 THE the DT 35419 1044 5 STRENGTH STRENGTH NNP 35419 1044 6 OF of IN 35419 1044 7 WOOD wood NN 35419 1044 8 . . . 35419 1045 1 Strength strength NN 35419 1045 2 is be VBZ 35419 1045 3 a a DT 35419 1045 4 factor factor NN 35419 1045 5 of of IN 35419 1045 6 prime prime JJ 35419 1045 7 importance importance NN 35419 1045 8 in in IN 35419 1045 9 wood wood NN 35419 1045 10 . . . 35419 1046 1 By by IN 35419 1046 2 strength strength NN 35419 1046 3 is be VBZ 35419 1046 4 meant mean VBN 35419 1046 5 the the DT 35419 1046 6 ability ability NN 35419 1046 7 to to TO 35419 1046 8 resist resist VB 35419 1046 9 stresses stress NNS 35419 1046 10 , , , 35419 1046 11 either either DT 35419 1046 12 of of IN 35419 1046 13 tension tension NN 35419 1046 14 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1046 15 pulling pull VBG 35419 1046 16 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1046 17 , , , 35419 1046 18 or or CC 35419 1046 19 of of IN 35419 1046 20 compression compression NN 35419 1046 21 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1046 22 pushing push VBG 35419 1046 23 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1046 24 , , , 35419 1046 25 or or CC 35419 1046 26 both both CC 35419 1046 27 together together RB 35419 1046 28 , , , 35419 1046 29 cross cross NNP 35419 1046 30 stresses stress NNS 35419 1046 31 . . . 35419 1047 1 When when WRB 35419 1047 2 a a DT 35419 1047 3 horizontal horizontal JJ 35419 1047 4 timber timber NN 35419 1047 5 is be VBZ 35419 1047 6 subjected subject VBN 35419 1047 7 to to IN 35419 1047 8 a a DT 35419 1047 9 downward downward JJ 35419 1047 10 cross cross NN 35419 1047 11 stress stress NN 35419 1047 12 , , , 35419 1047 13 the the DT 35419 1047 14 lower low JJR 35419 1047 15 half half NN 35419 1047 16 is be VBZ 35419 1047 17 under under IN 35419 1047 18 tension tension NN 35419 1047 19 , , , 35419 1047 20 the the DT 35419 1047 21 upper upper JJ 35419 1047 22 half half NN 35419 1047 23 is be VBZ 35419 1047 24 under under IN 35419 1047 25 compression compression NN 35419 1047 26 and and CC 35419 1047 27 the the DT 35419 1047 28 line line NN 35419 1047 29 between between IN 35419 1047 30 is be VBZ 35419 1047 31 called call VBN 35419 1047 32 the the DT 35419 1047 33 neutral neutral JJ 35419 1047 34 axis axis NN 35419 1047 35 , , , 35419 1047 36 Fig Fig NNP 35419 1047 37 . . . 35419 1048 1 42 42 CD 35419 1048 2 . . . 35419 1049 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1049 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1049 3 : : : 35419 1049 4 Fig Fig NNP 35419 1049 5 . . . 35419 1050 1 42 42 CD 35419 1050 2 . . . 35419 1051 1 A a DT 35419 1051 2 Timber Timber NNP 35419 1051 3 Under under IN 35419 1051 4 Cross Cross NNP 35419 1051 5 Stress Stress NNP 35419 1051 6 , , , 35419 1051 7 Showing show VBG 35419 1051 8 Neutral Neutral NNP 35419 1051 9 Axis Axis NNP 35419 1051 10 , , , 35419 1051 11 and and CC 35419 1051 12 the the DT 35419 1051 13 Lines Lines NNPS 35419 1051 14 of of IN 35419 1051 15 Tension Tension NNP 35419 1051 16 and and CC 35419 1051 17 Compression Compression NNP 35419 1051 18 . . . 35419 1052 1 A a DT 35419 1052 2 knot knot NN 35419 1052 3 occurring occur VBG 35419 1052 4 in in IN 35419 1052 5 such such PDT 35419 1052 6 a a DT 35419 1052 7 timber timber NN 35419 1052 8 should should MD 35419 1052 9 be be VB 35419 1052 10 in in IN 35419 1052 11 the the DT 35419 1052 12 upper upper JJ 35419 1052 13 half half NN 35419 1052 14 , , , 35419 1052 15 as as IN 35419 1052 16 at at IN 35419 1052 17 A. a. NN 35419 1052 18 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1053 1 Wood wood NN 35419 1053 2 is be VBZ 35419 1053 3 much much RB 35419 1053 4 stronger strong JJR 35419 1053 5 than than IN 35419 1053 6 is be VBZ 35419 1053 7 commonly commonly RB 35419 1053 8 supposed suppose VBN 35419 1053 9 . . . 35419 1054 1 A a DT 35419 1054 2 hickory hickory JJ 35419 1054 3 bar bar NN 35419 1054 4 will will MD 35419 1054 5 stand stand VB 35419 1054 6 more more JJR 35419 1054 7 strain strain NN 35419 1054 8 under under IN 35419 1054 9 tension tension NN 35419 1054 10 than than IN 35419 1054 11 a a DT 35419 1054 12 wrought wrought JJ 35419 1054 13 iron iron NN 35419 1054 14 bar bar NN 35419 1054 15 of of IN 35419 1054 16 the the DT 35419 1054 17 same same JJ 35419 1054 18 length length NN 35419 1054 19 and and CC 35419 1054 20 weight weight NN 35419 1054 21 , , , 35419 1054 22 and and CC 35419 1054 23 a a DT 35419 1054 24 block block NN 35419 1054 25 of of IN 35419 1054 26 long long JJ 35419 1054 27 - - HYPH 35419 1054 28 leaf leaf NN 35419 1054 29 pine pine NN 35419 1054 30 a a DT 35419 1054 31 greater great JJR 35419 1054 32 compression compression NN 35419 1054 33 endwise endwise NN 35419 1054 34 than than IN 35419 1054 35 a a DT 35419 1054 36 block block NN 35419 1054 37 of of IN 35419 1054 38 wrought wrought NN 35419 1054 39 iron iron NN 35419 1054 40 of of IN 35419 1054 41 the the DT 35419 1054 42 same same JJ 35419 1054 43 height height NN 35419 1054 44 and and CC 35419 1054 45 weight weight NN 35419 1054 46 . . . 35419 1055 1 It -PRON- PRP 35419 1055 2 approaches approach VBZ 35419 1055 3 the the DT 35419 1055 4 strength strength NN 35419 1055 5 of of IN 35419 1055 6 cast cast NN 35419 1055 7 iron iron NN 35419 1055 8 under under IN 35419 1055 9 the the DT 35419 1055 10 same same JJ 35419 1055 11 conditions condition NNS 35419 1055 12 . . . 35419 1056 1 Strength strength NN 35419 1056 2 depends depend VBZ 35419 1056 3 on on IN 35419 1056 4 two two CD 35419 1056 5 factors factor NNS 35419 1056 6 : : : 35419 1056 7 the the DT 35419 1056 8 strength strength NN 35419 1056 9 of of IN 35419 1056 10 the the DT 35419 1056 11 individual individual JJ 35419 1056 12 fibers fiber NNS 35419 1056 13 , , , 35419 1056 14 and and CC 35419 1056 15 the the DT 35419 1056 16 adhesive adhesive JJ 35419 1056 17 power power NN 35419 1056 18 of of IN 35419 1056 19 the the DT 35419 1056 20 fibers fiber NNS 35419 1056 21 to to IN 35419 1056 22 each each DT 35419 1056 23 other other JJ 35419 1056 24 . . . 35419 1057 1 So so CC 35419 1057 2 , , , 35419 1057 3 when when WRB 35419 1057 4 a a DT 35419 1057 5 piece piece NN 35419 1057 6 of of IN 35419 1057 7 wood wood NN 35419 1057 8 is be VBZ 35419 1057 9 pulled pull VBN 35419 1057 10 apart apart RB 35419 1057 11 , , , 35419 1057 12 some some DT 35419 1057 13 of of IN 35419 1057 14 the the DT 35419 1057 15 fibers fiber NNS 35419 1057 16 break break VBP 35419 1057 17 and and CC 35419 1057 18 some some DT 35419 1057 19 are be VBP 35419 1057 20 pulled pull VBN 35419 1057 21 out out RP 35419 1057 22 from from IN 35419 1057 23 among among IN 35419 1057 24 their -PRON- PRP$ 35419 1057 25 neighbors neighbor NNS 35419 1057 26 . . . 35419 1058 1 Under under IN 35419 1058 2 compression compression NN 35419 1058 3 , , , 35419 1058 4 however however RB 35419 1058 5 , , , 35419 1058 6 the the DT 35419 1058 7 fibers fiber NNS 35419 1058 8 seem seem VBP 35419 1058 9 to to TO 35419 1058 10 act act VB 35419 1058 11 quite quite RB 35419 1058 12 independently independently RB 35419 1058 13 of of IN 35419 1058 14 each each DT 35419 1058 15 other other JJ 35419 1058 16 , , , 35419 1058 17 each each DT 35419 1058 18 bending bend VBG 35419 1058 19 over over RP 35419 1058 20 like like IN 35419 1058 21 the the DT 35419 1058 22 strands strand NNS 35419 1058 23 of of IN 35419 1058 24 a a DT 35419 1058 25 rope rope NN 35419 1058 26 when when WRB 35419 1058 27 the the DT 35419 1058 28 ends end NNS 35419 1058 29 are be VBP 35419 1058 30 pushed push VBN 35419 1058 31 together together RB 35419 1058 32 . . . 35419 1059 1 As as IN 35419 1059 2 a a DT 35419 1059 3 consequence consequence NN 35419 1059 4 , , , 35419 1059 5 we -PRON- PRP 35419 1059 6 find find VBP 35419 1059 7 that that IN 35419 1059 8 wood wood NN 35419 1059 9 is be VBZ 35419 1059 10 far far RB 35419 1059 11 stronger strong JJR 35419 1059 12 under under IN 35419 1059 13 tension tension NN 35419 1059 14 than than IN 35419 1059 15 under under IN 35419 1059 16 compression compression NN 35419 1059 17 , , , 35419 1059 18 varying vary VBG 35419 1059 19 from from IN 35419 1059 20 two two CD 35419 1059 21 to to TO 35419 1059 22 four four CD 35419 1059 23 times time NNS 35419 1059 24 . . . 35419 1060 1 Woods wood NNS 35419 1060 2 do do VBP 35419 1060 3 not not RB 35419 1060 4 vary vary VB 35419 1060 5 nearly nearly RB 35419 1060 6 so so RB 35419 1060 7 much much JJ 35419 1060 8 under under IN 35419 1060 9 compression compression NN 35419 1060 10 as as IN 35419 1060 11 under under IN 35419 1060 12 tension tension NN 35419 1060 13 , , , 35419 1060 14 the the DT 35419 1060 15 straight straight RB 35419 1060 16 - - HYPH 35419 1060 17 grained grain VBN 35419 1060 18 conifers conifer NNS 35419 1060 19 , , , 35419 1060 20 like like IN 35419 1060 21 larch larch NN 35419 1060 22 and and CC 35419 1060 23 longleaf longleaf NN 35419 1060 24 pine pine NN 35419 1060 25 , , , 35419 1060 26 being be VBG 35419 1060 27 nearly nearly RB 35419 1060 28 as as RB 35419 1060 29 strong strong JJ 35419 1060 30 under under IN 35419 1060 31 compression compression NN 35419 1060 32 as as IN 35419 1060 33 the the DT 35419 1060 34 hard hard JJ 35419 1060 35 woods wood NNS 35419 1060 36 , , , 35419 1060 37 like like IN 35419 1060 38 hickory hickory NNP 35419 1060 39 and and CC 35419 1060 40 elm elm NNP 35419 1060 41 , , , 35419 1060 42 which which WDT 35419 1060 43 have have VBP 35419 1060 44 entangled entangle VBN 35419 1060 45 fibers fiber NNS 35419 1060 46 , , , 35419 1060 47 whereas whereas IN 35419 1060 48 the the DT 35419 1060 49 hard hard JJ 35419 1060 50 woods wood NNS 35419 1060 51 are be VBP 35419 1060 52 nearly nearly RB 35419 1060 53 twice twice RB 35419 1060 54 as as RB 35419 1060 55 strong strong JJ 35419 1060 56 as as IN 35419 1060 57 the the DT 35419 1060 58 conifers conifer NNS 35419 1060 59 under under IN 35419 1060 60 tension tension NN 35419 1060 61 . . . 35419 1061 1 Moisture moisture NN 35419 1061 2 has have VBZ 35419 1061 3 more more JJR 35419 1061 4 effect effect NN 35419 1061 5 on on IN 35419 1061 6 the the DT 35419 1061 7 strength strength NN 35419 1061 8 of of IN 35419 1061 9 wood wood NN 35419 1061 10 than than IN 35419 1061 11 any any DT 35419 1061 12 other other JJ 35419 1061 13 extrinsic extrinsic JJ 35419 1061 14 condition condition NN 35419 1061 15 . . . 35419 1062 1 In in IN 35419 1062 2 sound sound JJ 35419 1062 3 wood wood NN 35419 1062 4 under under IN 35419 1062 5 ordinary ordinary JJ 35419 1062 6 conditions condition NNS 35419 1062 7 , , , 35419 1062 8 it -PRON- PRP 35419 1062 9 outweighs outweigh VBZ 35419 1062 10 all all DT 35419 1062 11 other other JJ 35419 1062 12 causes cause NNS 35419 1062 13 which which WDT 35419 1062 14 affect affect VBP 35419 1062 15 strength strength NN 35419 1062 16 . . . 35419 1063 1 When when WRB 35419 1063 2 thoroly thoroly NNP 35419 1063 3 seasoned season VBD 35419 1063 4 , , , 35419 1063 5 wood wood NN 35419 1063 6 is be VBZ 35419 1063 7 two two CD 35419 1063 8 or or CC 35419 1063 9 three three CD 35419 1063 10 times time NNS 35419 1063 11 stronger strong JJR 35419 1063 12 , , , 35419 1063 13 both both DT 35419 1063 14 under under IN 35419 1063 15 compression compression NN 35419 1063 16 and and CC 35419 1063 17 in in IN 35419 1063 18 bending bending NN 35419 1063 19 , , , 35419 1063 20 than than IN 35419 1063 21 when when WRB 35419 1063 22 green green JJ 35419 1063 23 or or CC 35419 1063 24 water water NN 35419 1063 25 soaked soak VBD 35419 1063 26 . . . 35419 1064 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1064 2 6 6 CD 35419 1064 3 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1064 4 The the DT 35419 1064 5 tension tension NN 35419 1064 6 or or CC 35419 1064 7 pulling pull VBG 35419 1064 8 strength strength NN 35419 1064 9 of of IN 35419 1064 10 wood wood NN 35419 1064 11 is be VBZ 35419 1064 12 much much RB 35419 1064 13 affected affect VBN 35419 1064 14 by by IN 35419 1064 15 the the DT 35419 1064 16 direction direction NN 35419 1064 17 of of IN 35419 1064 18 the the DT 35419 1064 19 grain grain NN 35419 1064 20 , , , 35419 1064 21 a a DT 35419 1064 22 cross cross JJ 35419 1064 23 - - JJ 35419 1064 24 grained grained JJ 35419 1064 25 piece piece NN 35419 1064 26 being be VBG 35419 1064 27 only only RB 35419 1064 28 1/10th 1/10th CD 35419 1064 29 to to IN 35419 1064 30 1/20th 1/20th CD 35419 1064 31 as as RB 35419 1064 32 strong strong JJ 35419 1064 33 as as IN 35419 1064 34 a a DT 35419 1064 35 straight straight RB 35419 1064 36 - - HYPH 35419 1064 37 grained grain VBN 35419 1064 38 piece piece NN 35419 1064 39 . . . 35419 1065 1 But but CC 35419 1065 2 under under IN 35419 1065 3 compression compression NN 35419 1065 4 there there EX 35419 1065 5 is be VBZ 35419 1065 6 not not RB 35419 1065 7 much much JJ 35419 1065 8 difference difference NN 35419 1065 9 ; ; : 35419 1065 10 so so IN 35419 1065 11 that that IN 35419 1065 12 if if IN 35419 1065 13 a a DT 35419 1065 14 timber timber NN 35419 1065 15 is be VBZ 35419 1065 16 to to TO 35419 1065 17 be be VB 35419 1065 18 subjected subject VBN 35419 1065 19 to to TO 35419 1065 20 cross cross VB 35419 1065 21 strain strain NNP 35419 1065 22 , , , 35419 1065 23 that that RB 35419 1065 24 is be VBZ 35419 1065 25 the the DT 35419 1065 26 lower low JJR 35419 1065 27 half half NN 35419 1065 28 under under IN 35419 1065 29 tension tension NN 35419 1065 30 and and CC 35419 1065 31 the the DT 35419 1065 32 upper upper JJ 35419 1065 33 half half NN 35419 1065 34 under under IN 35419 1065 35 compression compression NN 35419 1065 36 , , , 35419 1065 37 a a DT 35419 1065 38 knot knot NN 35419 1065 39 or or CC 35419 1065 40 other other JJ 35419 1065 41 cross cross JJ 35419 1065 42 - - JJ 35419 1065 43 grained grained JJ 35419 1065 44 portion portion NN 35419 1065 45 should should MD 35419 1065 46 be be VB 35419 1065 47 in in IN 35419 1065 48 the the DT 35419 1065 49 upper upper JJ 35419 1065 50 half half NN 35419 1065 51 . . . 35419 1066 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1066 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1066 3 : : : 35419 1066 4 Fig Fig NNP 35419 1066 5 . . . 35419 1067 1 43 43 CD 35419 1067 2 . . . 35419 1068 1 Shearing shear VBG 35419 1068 2 Strength strength NN 35419 1068 3 is be VBZ 35419 1068 4 Measured measure VBN 35419 1068 5 by by IN 35419 1068 6 the the DT 35419 1068 7 Adhesion adhesion NN 35419 1068 8 of of IN 35419 1068 9 the the DT 35419 1068 10 Portion Portion NNP 35419 1068 11 A A NNP 35419 1068 12 , , , 35419 1068 13 B b NN 35419 1068 14 , , , 35419 1068 15 C C NNP 35419 1068 16 , , , 35419 1068 17 D d NN 35419 1068 18 or or CC 35419 1068 19 to to IN 35419 1068 20 the the DT 35419 1068 21 Wood Wood NNP 35419 1068 22 on on IN 35419 1068 23 both both DT 35419 1068 24 sides side NNS 35419 1068 25 of of IN 35419 1068 26 it -PRON- PRP 35419 1068 27 . . . 35419 1068 28 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1069 1 Strength strength NN 35419 1069 2 also also RB 35419 1069 3 includes include VBZ 35419 1069 4 the the DT 35419 1069 5 ability ability NN 35419 1069 6 to to TO 35419 1069 7 resist resist VB 35419 1069 8 shear shear NN 35419 1069 9 . . . 35419 1070 1 This this DT 35419 1070 2 is be VBZ 35419 1070 3 called call VBN 35419 1070 4 " " `` 35419 1070 5 _ _ NNP 35419 1070 6 shearing shear VBG 35419 1070 7 strength strength NN 35419 1070 8 _ _ NNP 35419 1070 9 . . . 35419 1070 10 " " '' 35419 1071 1 It -PRON- PRP 35419 1071 2 is be VBZ 35419 1071 3 a a DT 35419 1071 4 measure measure NN 35419 1071 5 of of IN 35419 1071 6 the the DT 35419 1071 7 adhesion adhesion NN 35419 1071 8 of of IN 35419 1071 9 one one CD 35419 1071 10 part part NN 35419 1071 11 of of IN 35419 1071 12 the the DT 35419 1071 13 wood wood NN 35419 1071 14 to to IN 35419 1071 15 an an DT 35419 1071 16 adjoining adjoining JJ 35419 1071 17 part part NN 35419 1071 18 . . . 35419 1072 1 Shearing shearing NN 35419 1072 2 is be VBZ 35419 1072 3 what what WP 35419 1072 4 takes take VBZ 35419 1072 5 place place NN 35419 1072 6 when when WRB 35419 1072 7 the the DT 35419 1072 8 portion portion NN 35419 1072 9 of of IN 35419 1072 10 wood wood NN 35419 1072 11 beyond beyond IN 35419 1072 12 a a DT 35419 1072 13 mortise mortise NN 35419 1072 14 near near IN 35419 1072 15 the the DT 35419 1072 16 end end NN 35419 1072 17 of of IN 35419 1072 18 a a DT 35419 1072 19 timber timber NN 35419 1072 20 , , , 35419 1072 21 A A NNP 35419 1072 22 B b NN 35419 1072 23 C c NN 35419 1072 24 D d NN 35419 1072 25 , , , 35419 1072 26 Fig Fig NNP 35419 1072 27 . . . 35419 1073 1 43 43 CD 35419 1073 2 , , , 35419 1073 3 is be VBZ 35419 1073 4 forced force VBN 35419 1073 5 out out RP 35419 1073 6 by by IN 35419 1073 7 the the DT 35419 1073 8 tenon tenon NN 35419 1073 9 . . . 35419 1074 1 In in IN 35419 1074 2 this this DT 35419 1074 3 case case NN 35419 1074 4 it -PRON- PRP 35419 1074 5 would would MD 35419 1074 6 be be VB 35419 1074 7 shearing shear VBG 35419 1074 8 along along IN 35419 1074 9 the the DT 35419 1074 10 grain grain NN 35419 1074 11 , , , 35419 1074 12 sometimes sometimes RB 35419 1074 13 called call VBD 35419 1074 14 detrusion detrusion NN 35419 1074 15 . . . 35419 1075 1 The the DT 35419 1075 2 resistance resistance NN 35419 1075 3 of of IN 35419 1075 4 the the DT 35419 1075 5 portion portion NN 35419 1075 6 A A NNP 35419 1075 7 B B NNP 35419 1075 8 C c NN 35419 1075 9 D d NN 35419 1075 10 , , , 35419 1075 11 _ _ NNP 35419 1075 12 i.e. i.e. FW 35419 1075 13 _ _ NNP 35419 1075 14 , , , 35419 1075 15 its -PRON- PRP$ 35419 1075 16 power power NN 35419 1075 17 of of IN 35419 1075 18 adhesion adhesion NN 35419 1075 19 to to IN 35419 1075 20 the the DT 35419 1075 21 wood wood NN 35419 1075 22 adjacent adjacent JJ 35419 1075 23 to to IN 35419 1075 24 it -PRON- PRP 35419 1075 25 on on IN 35419 1075 26 both both DT 35419 1075 27 sides side NNS 35419 1075 28 , , , 35419 1075 29 is be VBZ 35419 1075 30 its -PRON- PRP$ 35419 1075 31 shearing shearing NN 35419 1075 32 strength strength NN 35419 1075 33 . . . 35419 1076 1 If if IN 35419 1076 2 the the DT 35419 1076 3 mortised mortised JJ 35419 1076 4 piece piece NN 35419 1076 5 were be VBD 35419 1076 6 forced force VBN 35419 1076 7 downward downward RB 35419 1076 8 until until IN 35419 1076 9 it -PRON- PRP 35419 1076 10 broke break VBD 35419 1076 11 off off RP 35419 1076 12 the the DT 35419 1076 13 tenon tenon NN 35419 1076 14 at at IN 35419 1076 15 the the DT 35419 1076 16 shoulder shoulder NN 35419 1076 17 , , , 35419 1076 18 that that WDT 35419 1076 19 would would MD 35419 1076 20 be be VB 35419 1076 21 shearing shear VBG 35419 1076 22 across across IN 35419 1076 23 the the DT 35419 1076 24 grain grain NN 35419 1076 25 . . . 35419 1077 1 The the DT 35419 1077 2 shearing shearing NN 35419 1077 3 resistance resistance NN 35419 1077 4 either either CC 35419 1077 5 with with IN 35419 1077 6 or or CC 35419 1077 7 across across IN 35419 1077 8 the the DT 35419 1077 9 grain grain NN 35419 1077 10 is be VBZ 35419 1077 11 small small JJ 35419 1077 12 compared compare VBN 35419 1077 13 with with IN 35419 1077 14 tension tension NN 35419 1077 15 and and CC 35419 1077 16 compression compression NN 35419 1077 17 . . . 35419 1078 1 Green green JJ 35419 1078 2 wood wood NN 35419 1078 3 shears shear NNS 35419 1078 4 much much RB 35419 1078 5 more more RBR 35419 1078 6 easily easily RB 35419 1078 7 than than IN 35419 1078 8 dry dry JJ 35419 1078 9 , , , 35419 1078 10 because because IN 35419 1078 11 moisture moisture NN 35419 1078 12 softens soften VBZ 35419 1078 13 the the DT 35419 1078 14 wood wood NN 35419 1078 15 and and CC 35419 1078 16 this this DT 35419 1078 17 reduces reduce VBZ 35419 1078 18 the the DT 35419 1078 19 adhesion adhesion NN 35419 1078 20 of of IN 35419 1078 21 the the DT 35419 1078 22 fibers fiber NNS 35419 1078 23 to to IN 35419 1078 24 each each DT 35419 1078 25 other other JJ 35419 1078 26 . . . 35419 1079 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1079 2 7 7 LS 35419 1079 3 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1079 4 CLEAVABILITY cleavability NN 35419 1079 5 OF of IN 35419 1079 6 WOOD wood NN 35419 1079 7 . . . 35419 1080 1 Closely closely RB 35419 1080 2 connected connected JJ 35419 1080 3 with with IN 35419 1080 4 shearing shear VBG 35419 1080 5 strength strength NN 35419 1080 6 is be VBZ 35419 1080 7 cohesion cohesion NN 35419 1080 8 , , , 35419 1080 9 a a DT 35419 1080 10 property property NN 35419 1080 11 usually usually RB 35419 1080 12 considered consider VBN 35419 1080 13 under under IN 35419 1080 14 the the DT 35419 1080 15 name name NN 35419 1080 16 of of IN 35419 1080 17 its -PRON- PRP$ 35419 1080 18 opposite opposite NN 35419 1080 19 , , , 35419 1080 20 cleavability cleavability NN 35419 1080 21 , , , 35419 1080 22 _ _ NNP 35419 1080 23 i.e. i.e. FW 35419 1080 24 _ _ NNP 35419 1080 25 , , , 35419 1080 26 the the DT 35419 1080 27 ease ease NN 35419 1080 28 of of IN 35419 1080 29 splitting splitting NN 35419 1080 30 . . . 35419 1081 1 When when WRB 35419 1081 2 an an DT 35419 1081 3 ax ax NN 35419 1081 4 is be VBZ 35419 1081 5 stuck stick VBN 35419 1081 6 into into IN 35419 1081 7 the the DT 35419 1081 8 end end NN 35419 1081 9 of of IN 35419 1081 10 a a DT 35419 1081 11 piece piece NN 35419 1081 12 of of IN 35419 1081 13 wood wood NN 35419 1081 14 , , , 35419 1081 15 the the DT 35419 1081 16 wood wood NN 35419 1081 17 splits split VBZ 35419 1081 18 in in IN 35419 1081 19 advance advance NN 35419 1081 20 of of IN 35419 1081 21 the the DT 35419 1081 22 ax ax JJ 35419 1081 23 edge edge NN 35419 1081 24 . . . 35419 1082 1 See see VB 35419 1082 2 _ _ NNP 35419 1082 3 Handwork Handwork NNP 35419 1082 4 in in IN 35419 1082 5 Wood Wood NNP 35419 1082 6 _ _ NNP 35419 1082 7 , , , 35419 1082 8 Fig Fig NNP 35419 1082 9 . . . 35419 1083 1 59 59 CD 35419 1083 2 , , , 35419 1083 3 p. p. NN 35419 1083 4 52 52 CD 35419 1083 5 . . . 35419 1084 1 The the DT 35419 1084 2 wood wood NN 35419 1084 3 is be VBZ 35419 1084 4 not not RB 35419 1084 5 cut cut VBN 35419 1084 6 but but CC 35419 1084 7 pulled pull VBN 35419 1084 8 across across IN 35419 1084 9 the the DT 35419 1084 10 grain grain NN 35419 1084 11 just just RB 35419 1084 12 as as RB 35419 1084 13 truly truly RB 35419 1084 14 as as IN 35419 1084 15 if if IN 35419 1084 16 one one CD 35419 1084 17 edge edge NN 35419 1084 18 were be VBD 35419 1084 19 held hold VBN 35419 1084 20 and and CC 35419 1084 21 a a DT 35419 1084 22 weight weight NN 35419 1084 23 were be VBD 35419 1084 24 attached attach VBN 35419 1084 25 to to IN 35419 1084 26 the the DT 35419 1084 27 other other JJ 35419 1084 28 edge edge NN 35419 1084 29 and and CC 35419 1084 30 it -PRON- PRP 35419 1084 31 were be VBD 35419 1084 32 torn tear VBN 35419 1084 33 apart apart RB 35419 1084 34 by by IN 35419 1084 35 tension tension NN 35419 1084 36 . . . 35419 1085 1 The the DT 35419 1085 2 length length NN 35419 1085 3 of of IN 35419 1085 4 the the DT 35419 1085 5 cleft cleave VBN 35419 1085 6 ahead ahead RB 35419 1085 7 of of IN 35419 1085 8 the the DT 35419 1085 9 blade blade NN 35419 1085 10 is be VBZ 35419 1085 11 determined determine VBN 35419 1085 12 by by IN 35419 1085 13 the the DT 35419 1085 14 elasticity elasticity NN 35419 1085 15 of of IN 35419 1085 16 the the DT 35419 1085 17 wood wood NN 35419 1085 18 . . . 35419 1086 1 The the DT 35419 1086 2 longer long JJR 35419 1086 3 the the DT 35419 1086 4 cleft cleft NNS 35419 1086 5 , , , 35419 1086 6 the the DT 35419 1086 7 easier easy JJR 35419 1086 8 to to TO 35419 1086 9 split split VB 35419 1086 10 . . . 35419 1087 1 Elasticity elasticity NN 35419 1087 2 helps help VBZ 35419 1087 3 splitting splitting NN 35419 1087 4 , , , 35419 1087 5 and and CC 35419 1087 6 shearing shear VBG 35419 1087 7 strength strength NN 35419 1087 8 and and CC 35419 1087 9 hardness hardness NN 35419 1087 10 hinder hinder VB 35419 1087 11 it -PRON- PRP 35419 1087 12 . . . 35419 1088 1 A a DT 35419 1088 2 normal normal JJ 35419 1088 3 piece piece NN 35419 1088 4 of of IN 35419 1088 5 wood wood NN 35419 1088 6 splits split NNS 35419 1088 7 easily easily RB 35419 1088 8 along along IN 35419 1088 9 two two CD 35419 1088 10 surfaces surface NNS 35419 1088 11 , , , 35419 1088 12 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1088 13 1 1 LS 35419 1088 14 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1088 15 along along IN 35419 1088 16 any any DT 35419 1088 17 radial radial JJ 35419 1088 18 plane plane NN 35419 1088 19 , , , 35419 1088 20 principally principally RB 35419 1088 21 because because IN 35419 1088 22 of of IN 35419 1088 23 the the DT 35419 1088 24 presence presence NN 35419 1088 25 of of IN 35419 1088 26 the the DT 35419 1088 27 pith pith NNP 35419 1088 28 rays ray NNS 35419 1088 29 , , , 35419 1088 30 and and CC 35419 1088 31 , , , 35419 1088 32 in in IN 35419 1088 33 regular regular JJ 35419 1088 34 grained grained JJ 35419 1088 35 wood wood NN 35419 1088 36 like like IN 35419 1088 37 pine pine NN 35419 1088 38 , , , 35419 1088 39 because because IN 35419 1088 40 the the DT 35419 1088 41 cells cell NNS 35419 1088 42 are be VBP 35419 1088 43 radially radially RB 35419 1088 44 regular regular JJ 35419 1088 45 ; ; : 35419 1088 46 and and CC 35419 1088 47 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1088 48 2 2 LS 35419 1088 49 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1088 50 along along IN 35419 1088 51 the the DT 35419 1088 52 annual annual JJ 35419 1088 53 rings ring NNS 35419 1088 54 , , , 35419 1088 55 because because IN 35419 1088 56 the the DT 35419 1088 57 spring spring NN 35419 1088 58 - - HYPH 35419 1088 59 wood wood NN 35419 1088 60 separates separate NNS 35419 1088 61 easily easily RB 35419 1088 62 from from IN 35419 1088 63 the the DT 35419 1088 64 next next JJ 35419 1088 65 ring ring NN 35419 1088 66 of of IN 35419 1088 67 summer summer NN 35419 1088 68 - - HYPH 35419 1088 69 wood wood NN 35419 1088 70 . . . 35419 1089 1 Of of IN 35419 1089 2 the the DT 35419 1089 3 two two CD 35419 1089 4 , , , 35419 1089 5 radial radial JJ 35419 1089 6 cleavage cleavage NN 35419 1089 7 is be VBZ 35419 1089 8 50 50 CD 35419 1089 9 to to TO 35419 1089 10 100 100 CD 35419 1089 11 per per NN 35419 1089 12 cent cent NN 35419 1089 13 . . . 35419 1090 1 easier easy JJR 35419 1090 2 . . . 35419 1091 1 Straight straight JJ 35419 1091 2 - - HYPH 35419 1091 3 grained grain VBN 35419 1091 4 wood wood NN 35419 1091 5 is be VBZ 35419 1091 6 much much RB 35419 1091 7 easier easy JJR 35419 1091 8 to to TO 35419 1091 9 split split VB 35419 1091 10 than than IN 35419 1091 11 cross cross JJ 35419 1091 12 - - JJ 35419 1091 13 grained grained JJ 35419 1091 14 wood wood NN 35419 1091 15 in in IN 35419 1091 16 which which WDT 35419 1091 17 the the DT 35419 1091 18 fibers fiber NNS 35419 1091 19 are be VBP 35419 1091 20 interlaced interlace VBN 35419 1091 21 , , , 35419 1091 22 and and CC 35419 1091 23 soft soft JJ 35419 1091 24 wood wood NN 35419 1091 25 , , , 35419 1091 26 provided provide VBN 35419 1091 27 it -PRON- PRP 35419 1091 28 is be VBZ 35419 1091 29 elastic elastic JJ 35419 1091 30 , , , 35419 1091 31 splits split VBZ 35419 1091 32 easier easy JJR 35419 1091 33 than than IN 35419 1091 34 hard hard JJ 35419 1091 35 . . . 35419 1092 1 Woods wood NNS 35419 1092 2 with with IN 35419 1092 3 sharp sharp JJ 35419 1092 4 contrast contrast NN 35419 1092 5 between between IN 35419 1092 6 spring spring NN 35419 1092 7 and and CC 35419 1092 8 summer summer NN 35419 1092 9 wood wood NN 35419 1092 10 , , , 35419 1092 11 like like IN 35419 1092 12 yellow yellow JJ 35419 1092 13 pine pine NN 35419 1092 14 and and CC 35419 1092 15 chestnut chestnut NN 35419 1092 16 , , , 35419 1092 17 split split VBD 35419 1092 18 very very RB 35419 1092 19 easily easily RB 35419 1092 20 tangentially tangentially RB 35419 1092 21 . . . 35419 1093 1 All all PDT 35419 1093 2 these these DT 35419 1093 3 facts fact NNS 35419 1093 4 are be VBP 35419 1093 5 important important JJ 35419 1093 6 in in IN 35419 1093 7 relation relation NN 35419 1093 8 to to IN 35419 1093 9 the the DT 35419 1093 10 use use NN 35419 1093 11 of of IN 35419 1093 12 nails nail NNS 35419 1093 13 . . . 35419 1094 1 For for IN 35419 1094 2 instance instance NN 35419 1094 3 , , , 35419 1094 4 the the DT 35419 1094 5 reason reason NN 35419 1094 6 why why WRB 35419 1094 7 yellow yellow JJ 35419 1094 8 pine pine NN 35419 1094 9 is be VBZ 35419 1094 10 hard hard JJ 35419 1094 11 to to TO 35419 1094 12 nail nail VB 35419 1094 13 and and CC 35419 1094 14 bass bass NN 35419 1094 15 easy easy RB 35419 1094 16 is be VBZ 35419 1094 17 because because IN 35419 1094 18 of of IN 35419 1094 19 their -PRON- PRP$ 35419 1094 20 difference difference NN 35419 1094 21 in in IN 35419 1094 22 cleavability cleavability NN 35419 1094 23 . . . 35419 1095 1 ELASTICITY ELASTICITY NNP 35419 1095 2 OF of IN 35419 1095 3 WOOD wood NN 35419 1095 4 . . . 35419 1096 1 Elasticity elasticity NN 35419 1096 2 is be VBZ 35419 1096 3 the the DT 35419 1096 4 ability ability NN 35419 1096 5 of of IN 35419 1096 6 a a DT 35419 1096 7 substance substance NN 35419 1096 8 when when WRB 35419 1096 9 forced force VBN 35419 1096 10 out out IN 35419 1096 11 of of IN 35419 1096 12 shape,--bent shape,--bent NNP 35419 1096 13 , , , 35419 1096 14 twisted twist VBN 35419 1096 15 , , , 35419 1096 16 compressed compress VBN 35419 1096 17 or or CC 35419 1096 18 stretched stretch VBN 35419 1096 19 , , , 35419 1096 20 to to TO 35419 1096 21 regain regain VB 35419 1096 22 its -PRON- PRP$ 35419 1096 23 former former JJ 35419 1096 24 shape shape NN 35419 1096 25 . . . 35419 1097 1 When when WRB 35419 1097 2 the the DT 35419 1097 3 elasticity elasticity NN 35419 1097 4 of of IN 35419 1097 5 wood wood NN 35419 1097 6 is be VBZ 35419 1097 7 spoken speak VBN 35419 1097 8 of of IN 35419 1097 9 , , , 35419 1097 10 its -PRON- PRP$ 35419 1097 11 ability ability NN 35419 1097 12 to to TO 35419 1097 13 spring spring VB 35419 1097 14 back back RB 35419 1097 15 from from IN 35419 1097 16 bending bending NN 35419 1097 17 is be VBZ 35419 1097 18 usually usually RB 35419 1097 19 meant mean VBN 35419 1097 20 . . . 35419 1098 1 The the DT 35419 1098 2 opposite opposite NN 35419 1098 3 of of IN 35419 1098 4 elasticity elasticity NN 35419 1098 5 is be VBZ 35419 1098 6 brittleness brittleness JJ 35419 1098 7 . . . 35419 1099 1 Hickory Hickory NNP 35419 1099 2 is be VBZ 35419 1099 3 elastic elastic JJ 35419 1099 4 , , , 35419 1099 5 white white JJ 35419 1099 6 pine pine NN 35419 1099 7 is be VBZ 35419 1099 8 brittle brittle JJ 35419 1099 9 . . . 35419 1100 1 Stiffness Stiffness NNP 35419 1100 2 is be VBZ 35419 1100 3 the the DT 35419 1100 4 ability ability NN 35419 1100 5 to to TO 35419 1100 6 resist resist VB 35419 1100 7 bending bending NN 35419 1100 8 , , , 35419 1100 9 and and CC 35419 1100 10 hence hence RB 35419 1100 11 is be VBZ 35419 1100 12 the the DT 35419 1100 13 opposite opposite NN 35419 1100 14 of of IN 35419 1100 15 pliability pliability NN 35419 1100 16 or or CC 35419 1100 17 flexibility flexibility NN 35419 1100 18 . . . 35419 1101 1 A a DT 35419 1101 2 wood wood NN 35419 1101 3 may may MD 35419 1101 4 be be VB 35419 1101 5 both both CC 35419 1101 6 stiff stiff JJ 35419 1101 7 and and CC 35419 1101 8 elastic elastic JJ 35419 1101 9 ; ; : 35419 1101 10 it -PRON- PRP 35419 1101 11 may may MD 35419 1101 12 be be VB 35419 1101 13 even even RB 35419 1101 14 stiff stiff JJ 35419 1101 15 and and CC 35419 1101 16 pliable pliable JJ 35419 1101 17 , , , 35419 1101 18 as as IN 35419 1101 19 ash ash NN 35419 1101 20 , , , 35419 1101 21 which which WDT 35419 1101 22 may may MD 35419 1101 23 be be VB 35419 1101 24 made make VBN 35419 1101 25 into into IN 35419 1101 26 splints splint NNS 35419 1101 27 for for IN 35419 1101 28 baskets basket NNS 35419 1101 29 and and CC 35419 1101 30 may may MD 35419 1101 31 also also RB 35419 1101 32 be be VB 35419 1101 33 used use VBN 35419 1101 34 for for IN 35419 1101 35 oars oar NNS 35419 1101 36 . . . 35419 1102 1 Willow willow VB 35419 1102 2 sprouts sprout NNS 35419 1102 3 are be VBP 35419 1102 4 flexible flexible JJ 35419 1102 5 when when WRB 35419 1102 6 green green JJ 35419 1102 7 , , , 35419 1102 8 but but CC 35419 1102 9 quite quite RB 35419 1102 10 brittle brittle JJ 35419 1102 11 when when WRB 35419 1102 12 dry dry JJ 35419 1102 13 . . . 35419 1103 1 Elasticity elasticity NN 35419 1103 2 is be VBZ 35419 1103 3 of of IN 35419 1103 4 great great JJ 35419 1103 5 importance importance NN 35419 1103 6 in in IN 35419 1103 7 some some DT 35419 1103 8 uses use NNS 35419 1103 9 of of IN 35419 1103 10 wood wood NN 35419 1103 11 , , , 35419 1103 12 as as IN 35419 1103 13 in in IN 35419 1103 14 long long JJ 35419 1103 15 tool tool NN 35419 1103 16 handles handle NNS 35419 1103 17 used use VBN 35419 1103 18 in in IN 35419 1103 19 agricultural agricultural JJ 35419 1103 20 implements implement NNS 35419 1103 21 , , , 35419 1103 22 such such JJ 35419 1103 23 as as IN 35419 1103 24 rakes rake NNS 35419 1103 25 , , , 35419 1103 26 hoes hoe NNS 35419 1103 27 , , , 35419 1103 28 scythes scythe NNS 35419 1103 29 , , , 35419 1103 30 and and CC 35419 1103 31 in in IN 35419 1103 32 axes axis NNS 35419 1103 33 , , , 35419 1103 34 in in IN 35419 1103 35 archery archery NN 35419 1103 36 bows bow NNS 35419 1103 37 , , , 35419 1103 38 in in IN 35419 1103 39 golf golf NN 35419 1103 40 sticks stick NNS 35419 1103 41 , , , 35419 1103 42 etc etc FW 35419 1103 43 . . FW 35419 1103 44 , , , 35419 1103 45 in in IN 35419 1103 46 all all DT 35419 1103 47 of of IN 35419 1103 48 which which WDT 35419 1103 49 , , , 35419 1103 50 hickory hickory NN 35419 1103 51 , , , 35419 1103 52 our -PRON- PRP$ 35419 1103 53 most most RBS 35419 1103 54 elastic elastic JJ 35419 1103 55 wood wood NN 35419 1103 56 , , , 35419 1103 57 is be VBZ 35419 1103 58 used use VBN 35419 1103 59 . . . 35419 1104 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1104 2 8 8 CD 35419 1104 3 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1104 4 HARDNESS HARDNESS NNP 35419 1104 5 OF of IN 35419 1104 6 WOOD wood NN 35419 1104 7 . . . 35419 1105 1 Hardness Hardness NNP 35419 1105 2 is be VBZ 35419 1105 3 the the DT 35419 1105 4 ability ability NN 35419 1105 5 of of IN 35419 1105 6 wood wood NN 35419 1105 7 to to TO 35419 1105 8 resist resist VB 35419 1105 9 indentations indentation NNS 35419 1105 10 , , , 35419 1105 11 and and CC 35419 1105 12 depends depend VBZ 35419 1105 13 primarily primarily RB 35419 1105 14 upon upon IN 35419 1105 15 the the DT 35419 1105 16 thickness thickness NN 35419 1105 17 of of IN 35419 1105 18 the the DT 35419 1105 19 cell cell NN 35419 1105 20 walls wall NNS 35419 1105 21 and and CC 35419 1105 22 the the DT 35419 1105 23 smallness smallness NN 35419 1105 24 of of IN 35419 1105 25 the the DT 35419 1105 26 cell cell NN 35419 1105 27 cavities cavity NNS 35419 1105 28 , , , 35419 1105 29 or or CC 35419 1105 30 , , , 35419 1105 31 in in IN 35419 1105 32 general general JJ 35419 1105 33 , , , 35419 1105 34 upon upon IN 35419 1105 35 the the DT 35419 1105 36 density density NN 35419 1105 37 of of IN 35419 1105 38 the the DT 35419 1105 39 wood wood NN 35419 1105 40 structure structure NN 35419 1105 41 . . . 35419 1106 1 Summer summer NN 35419 1106 2 wood wood NN 35419 1106 3 , , , 35419 1106 4 as as IN 35419 1106 5 we -PRON- PRP 35419 1106 6 have have VBP 35419 1106 7 seen see VBN 35419 1106 8 , , , 35419 1106 9 is be VBZ 35419 1106 10 much much RB 35419 1106 11 harder hard JJR 35419 1106 12 than than IN 35419 1106 13 spring spring VB 35419 1106 14 wood wood NN 35419 1106 15 , , , 35419 1106 16 hence hence RB 35419 1106 17 it -PRON- PRP 35419 1106 18 is be VBZ 35419 1106 19 important important JJ 35419 1106 20 in in IN 35419 1106 21 using use VBG 35419 1106 22 such such JJ 35419 1106 23 wood wood NN 35419 1106 24 as as IN 35419 1106 25 yellow yellow JJ 35419 1106 26 pine pine NN 35419 1106 27 on on IN 35419 1106 28 floors floor NNS 35419 1106 29 to to TO 35419 1106 30 use use VB 35419 1106 31 comb comb NN 35419 1106 32 - - HYPH 35419 1106 33 grain grain NN 35419 1106 34 boards board NNS 35419 1106 35 , , , 35419 1106 36 so so IN 35419 1106 37 as as IN 35419 1106 38 to to TO 35419 1106 39 present present VB 35419 1106 40 the the DT 35419 1106 41 softer soft JJR 35419 1106 42 spring spring NN 35419 1106 43 wood wood NN 35419 1106 44 in in IN 35419 1106 45 as as IN 35419 1106 46 narrow narrow JJ 35419 1106 47 surfaces surface NNS 35419 1106 48 as as IN 35419 1106 49 possible possible JJ 35419 1106 50 . . . 35419 1107 1 See see VB 35419 1107 2 _ _ NNP 35419 1107 3 Handwork Handwork NNP 35419 1107 4 in in IN 35419 1107 5 Wood Wood NNP 35419 1107 6 _ _ NNP 35419 1107 7 , , , 35419 1107 8 p. p. NN 35419 1107 9 41 41 CD 35419 1107 10 , , , 35419 1107 11 and and CC 35419 1107 12 Fig Fig NNP 35419 1107 13 . . . 35419 1108 1 55 55 CD 35419 1108 2 . . . 35419 1109 1 In in IN 35419 1109 2 slash slash NN 35419 1109 3 - - HYPH 35419 1109 4 grain grain NN 35419 1109 5 boards board NNS 35419 1109 6 , , , 35419 1109 7 broad broad JJ 35419 1109 8 surfaces surface NNS 35419 1109 9 of of IN 35419 1109 10 both both DT 35419 1109 11 spring spring NN 35419 1109 12 and and CC 35419 1109 13 summer summer NN 35419 1109 14 wood wood NN 35419 1109 15 appear appear VBP 35419 1109 16 . . . 35419 1110 1 Maple maple NN 35419 1110 2 which which WDT 35419 1110 3 is be VBZ 35419 1110 4 uniformly uniformly RB 35419 1110 5 hard hard JJ 35419 1110 6 makes make VBZ 35419 1110 7 the the DT 35419 1110 8 best good JJS 35419 1110 9 floors floor NNS 35419 1110 10 , , , 35419 1110 11 even even RB 35419 1110 12 better well JJR 35419 1110 13 than than IN 35419 1110 14 oak oak NN 35419 1110 15 , , , 35419 1110 16 parts part NNS 35419 1110 17 of of IN 35419 1110 18 which which WDT 35419 1110 19 are be VBP 35419 1110 20 comparatively comparatively RB 35419 1110 21 soft soft JJ 35419 1110 22 . . . 35419 1111 1 The the DT 35419 1111 2 hardness hardness NN 35419 1111 3 of of IN 35419 1111 4 wood wood NN 35419 1111 5 is be VBZ 35419 1111 6 of of IN 35419 1111 7 much much JJ 35419 1111 8 consequence consequence NN 35419 1111 9 in in IN 35419 1111 10 gluing glue VBG 35419 1111 11 pieces piece NNS 35419 1111 12 together together RB 35419 1111 13 . . . 35419 1112 1 Soft soft JJ 35419 1112 2 woods wood NNS 35419 1112 3 , , , 35419 1112 4 like like IN 35419 1112 5 pine pine NN 35419 1112 6 , , , 35419 1112 7 can can MD 35419 1112 8 be be VB 35419 1112 9 glued glue VBN 35419 1112 10 easily easily RB 35419 1112 11 , , , 35419 1112 12 because because IN 35419 1112 13 the the DT 35419 1112 14 fibers fiber NNS 35419 1112 15 can can MD 35419 1112 16 be be VB 35419 1112 17 forced force VBN 35419 1112 18 close close RB 35419 1112 19 together together RB 35419 1112 20 . . . 35419 1113 1 As as IN 35419 1113 2 a a DT 35419 1113 3 matter matter NN 35419 1113 4 of of IN 35419 1113 5 fact fact NN 35419 1113 6 , , , 35419 1113 7 the the DT 35419 1113 8 joint joint NN 35419 1113 9 when when WRB 35419 1113 10 dry dry JJ 35419 1113 11 is be VBZ 35419 1113 12 stronger strong JJR 35419 1113 13 than than IN 35419 1113 14 the the DT 35419 1113 15 rest rest NN 35419 1113 16 of of IN 35419 1113 17 the the DT 35419 1113 18 board board NN 35419 1113 19 . . . 35419 1114 1 In in IN 35419 1114 2 gluing glue VBG 35419 1114 3 hard hard JJ 35419 1114 4 woods wood NNS 35419 1114 5 , , , 35419 1114 6 however however RB 35419 1114 7 , , , 35419 1114 8 it -PRON- PRP 35419 1114 9 is be VBZ 35419 1114 10 necessary necessary JJ 35419 1114 11 to to TO 35419 1114 12 scratch scratch VB 35419 1114 13 the the DT 35419 1114 14 surfaces surface NNS 35419 1114 15 to to TO 35419 1114 16 be be VB 35419 1114 17 glued glue VBN 35419 1114 18 in in IN 35419 1114 19 order order NN 35419 1114 20 to to TO 35419 1114 21 insure insure VB 35419 1114 22 a a DT 35419 1114 23 strong strong JJ 35419 1114 24 joint joint NN 35419 1114 25 . . . 35419 1115 1 It -PRON- PRP 35419 1115 2 is be VBZ 35419 1115 3 for for IN 35419 1115 4 the the DT 35419 1115 5 same same JJ 35419 1115 6 reason reason NN 35419 1115 7 that that IN 35419 1115 8 a a DT 35419 1115 9 joint joint NN 35419 1115 10 made make VBN 35419 1115 11 with with IN 35419 1115 12 liquid liquid JJ 35419 1115 13 glue glue NN 35419 1115 14 is be VBZ 35419 1115 15 safe safe JJ 35419 1115 16 on on IN 35419 1115 17 soft soft JJ 35419 1115 18 wood wood NN 35419 1115 19 when when WRB 35419 1115 20 it -PRON- PRP 35419 1115 21 would would MD 35419 1115 22 be be VB 35419 1115 23 weak weak JJ 35419 1115 24 on on IN 35419 1115 25 hard hard JJ 35419 1115 26 wood wood NN 35419 1115 27 . . . 35419 1116 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1116 2 9 9 CD 35419 1116 3 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1116 4 TOUGHNESS toughness NN 35419 1116 5 OF of IN 35419 1116 6 WOOD wood NN 35419 1116 7 . . . 35419 1117 1 Toughness Toughness NNP 35419 1117 2 may may MD 35419 1117 3 be be VB 35419 1117 4 defined define VBN 35419 1117 5 as as IN 35419 1117 6 the the DT 35419 1117 7 ability ability NN 35419 1117 8 to to TO 35419 1117 9 resist resist VB 35419 1117 10 sudden sudden JJ 35419 1117 11 shocks shock NNS 35419 1117 12 and and CC 35419 1117 13 blows blow NNS 35419 1117 14 . . . 35419 1118 1 This this DT 35419 1118 2 requires require VBZ 35419 1118 3 a a DT 35419 1118 4 combination combination NN 35419 1118 5 of of IN 35419 1118 6 various various JJ 35419 1118 7 qualities quality NNS 35419 1118 8 , , , 35419 1118 9 strength strength NN 35419 1118 10 , , , 35419 1118 11 hardness hardness NN 35419 1118 12 , , , 35419 1118 13 elasticity elasticity NN 35419 1118 14 and and CC 35419 1118 15 pliability pliability NN 35419 1118 16 . . . 35419 1119 1 The the DT 35419 1119 2 tough tough JJ 35419 1119 3 woods wood NNS 35419 1119 4 , , , 35419 1119 5 _ _ NNP 35419 1119 6 par par NN 35419 1119 7 excellence excellence NN 35419 1119 8 _ _ NNP 35419 1119 9 , , , 35419 1119 10 are be VBP 35419 1119 11 hickory hickory JJ 35419 1119 12 , , , 35419 1119 13 rock rock NN 35419 1119 14 elm elm NNP 35419 1119 15 and and CC 35419 1119 16 ash ash NNP 35419 1119 17 . . . 35419 1120 1 They -PRON- PRP 35419 1120 2 can can MD 35419 1120 3 be be VB 35419 1120 4 pounded pound VBN 35419 1120 5 , , , 35419 1120 6 pulled pull VBN 35419 1120 7 , , , 35419 1120 8 compressed compress VBN 35419 1120 9 and and CC 35419 1120 10 sheared shear VBN 35419 1120 11 . . . 35419 1121 1 It -PRON- PRP 35419 1121 2 is be VBZ 35419 1121 3 because because IN 35419 1121 4 of of IN 35419 1121 5 this this DT 35419 1121 6 quality quality NN 35419 1121 7 that that WDT 35419 1121 8 hickory hickory NN 35419 1121 9 is be VBZ 35419 1121 10 used use VBN 35419 1121 11 for for IN 35419 1121 12 wheel wheel NN 35419 1121 13 spokes spoke NNS 35419 1121 14 and and CC 35419 1121 15 for for IN 35419 1121 16 handles handle NNS 35419 1121 17 , , , 35419 1121 18 elm elm NNP 35419 1121 19 for for IN 35419 1121 20 hubs hub NNS 35419 1121 21 , , , 35419 1121 22 etc etc FW 35419 1121 23 . . . 35419 1122 1 In in IN 35419 1122 2 the the DT 35419 1122 3 selection selection NN 35419 1122 4 of of IN 35419 1122 5 wood wood NN 35419 1122 6 for for IN 35419 1122 7 particular particular JJ 35419 1122 8 purposes purpose NNS 35419 1122 9 , , , 35419 1122 10 it -PRON- PRP 35419 1122 11 is be VBZ 35419 1122 12 sometimes sometimes RB 35419 1122 13 one one CD 35419 1122 14 , , , 35419 1122 15 sometimes sometimes RB 35419 1122 16 another another DT 35419 1122 17 , , , 35419 1122 18 and and CC 35419 1122 19 more more RBR 35419 1122 20 often often RB 35419 1122 21 still still RB 35419 1122 22 , , , 35419 1122 23 a a DT 35419 1122 24 combination combination NN 35419 1122 25 of of IN 35419 1122 26 qualities quality NNS 35419 1122 27 that that WDT 35419 1122 28 makes make VBZ 35419 1122 29 it -PRON- PRP 35419 1122 30 fit fit JJ 35419 1122 31 for for IN 35419 1122 32 use use NN 35419 1122 33 . . . 35419 1123 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1123 2 10 10 CD 35419 1123 3 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1123 4 It -PRON- PRP 35419 1123 5 will will MD 35419 1123 6 be be VB 35419 1123 7 remembered remember VBN 35419 1123 8 that that IN 35419 1123 9 it -PRON- PRP 35419 1123 10 was be VBD 35419 1123 11 knowledge knowledge NN 35419 1123 12 of of IN 35419 1123 13 the the DT 35419 1123 14 special special JJ 35419 1123 15 values value NNS 35419 1123 16 of of IN 35419 1123 17 different different JJ 35419 1123 18 woods wood NNS 35419 1123 19 that that WDT 35419 1123 20 made make VBD 35419 1123 21 " " `` 35419 1123 22 the the DT 35419 1123 23 one one CD 35419 1123 24 horse horse NN 35419 1123 25 shay shay NN 35419 1123 26 , , , 35419 1123 27 " " '' 35419 1123 28 " " `` 35419 1123 29 The the DT 35419 1123 30 Deacon Deacon NNPS 35419 1123 31 's 's POS 35419 1123 32 Masterpiece Masterpiece NNP 35419 1123 33 . . . 35419 1123 34 " " '' 35419 1124 1 " " `` 35419 1124 2 So so RB 35419 1124 3 the the DT 35419 1124 4 Deacon Deacon NNPS 35419 1124 5 inquired inquire VBD 35419 1124 6 of of IN 35419 1124 7 the the DT 35419 1124 8 village village NN 35419 1124 9 folk folk NN 35419 1124 10 Where where WRB 35419 1124 11 he -PRON- PRP 35419 1124 12 could could MD 35419 1124 13 find find VB 35419 1124 14 the the DT 35419 1124 15 strongest strong JJS 35419 1124 16 oak oak NN 35419 1124 17 , , , 35419 1124 18 That that DT 35419 1124 19 could could MD 35419 1124 20 n't not RB 35419 1124 21 be be VB 35419 1124 22 split split VBN 35419 1124 23 nor nor CC 35419 1124 24 bent bent JJ 35419 1124 25 nor nor CC 35419 1124 26 broke,-- broke,-- NNP 35419 1124 27 That that DT 35419 1124 28 was be VBD 35419 1124 29 for for IN 35419 1124 30 spokes spoke NNS 35419 1124 31 and and CC 35419 1124 32 floor floor NN 35419 1124 33 and and CC 35419 1124 34 sills sill NNS 35419 1124 35 ; ; : 35419 1124 36 He -PRON- PRP 35419 1124 37 sent send VBD 35419 1124 38 for for IN 35419 1124 39 lancewood lancewood NN 35419 1124 40 to to TO 35419 1124 41 make make VB 35419 1124 42 the the DT 35419 1124 43 thills thill NNS 35419 1124 44 ; ; : 35419 1124 45 The the DT 35419 1124 46 cross cross NN 35419 1124 47 bars bar NNS 35419 1124 48 were be VBD 35419 1124 49 ash ash NNP 35419 1124 50 , , , 35419 1124 51 from from IN 35419 1124 52 the the DT 35419 1124 53 straightest straight JJS 35419 1124 54 trees tree NNS 35419 1124 55 , , , 35419 1124 56 The the DT 35419 1124 57 panels panel NNS 35419 1124 58 of of IN 35419 1124 59 whitewood whitewood NN 35419 1124 60 , , , 35419 1124 61 that that WDT 35419 1124 62 cuts cut VBZ 35419 1124 63 like like IN 35419 1124 64 cheese cheese NN 35419 1124 65 , , , 35419 1124 66 But but CC 35419 1124 67 lasts last VBZ 35419 1124 68 like like IN 35419 1124 69 iron iron NN 35419 1124 70 for for IN 35419 1124 71 things thing NNS 35419 1124 72 like like IN 35419 1124 73 these these DT 35419 1124 74 . . . 35419 1125 1 The the DT 35419 1125 2 hubs hub NNS 35419 1125 3 of of IN 35419 1125 4 logs log NNS 35419 1125 5 from from IN 35419 1125 6 the the DT 35419 1125 7 " " `` 35419 1125 8 Settler Settler NNP 35419 1125 9 's 's POS 35419 1125 10 Ellum,"-- ellum,"-- NN 35419 1125 11 Last last JJ 35419 1125 12 of of IN 35419 1125 13 its -PRON- PRP$ 35419 1125 14 timber,--they timber,--they , 35419 1125 15 could could MD 35419 1125 16 n't not RB 35419 1125 17 sell sell VB 35419 1125 18 'em -PRON- PRP 35419 1125 19 . . . 35419 1126 1 Never never RB 35419 1126 2 an an DT 35419 1126 3 ax ax NN 35419 1126 4 had have VBD 35419 1126 5 seen see VBN 35419 1126 6 their -PRON- PRP$ 35419 1126 7 chips chip NNS 35419 1126 8 , , , 35419 1126 9 And and CC 35419 1126 10 the the DT 35419 1126 11 wedges wedge NNS 35419 1126 12 flew fly VBD 35419 1126 13 from from IN 35419 1126 14 between between IN 35419 1126 15 their -PRON- PRP$ 35419 1126 16 lips lip NNS 35419 1126 17 , , , 35419 1126 18 Their -PRON- PRP$ 35419 1126 19 blunt blunt JJ 35419 1126 20 ends end NNS 35419 1126 21 frizzled frizzle VBD 35419 1126 22 like like IN 35419 1126 23 celery celery NN 35419 1126 24 tips tip NNS 35419 1126 25 ; ; : 35419 1126 26 Step step NN 35419 1126 27 and and CC 35419 1126 28 prop prop NN 35419 1126 29 - - HYPH 35419 1126 30 iron iron NN 35419 1126 31 , , , 35419 1126 32 bolt bolt NN 35419 1126 33 and and CC 35419 1126 34 screw screw NN 35419 1126 35 , , , 35419 1126 36 Spring Spring NNP 35419 1126 37 , , , 35419 1126 38 tire tire NN 35419 1126 39 , , , 35419 1126 40 axle axle NN 35419 1126 41 and and CC 35419 1126 42 linch linch NNP 35419 1126 43 pin pin NNP 35419 1126 44 too too RB 35419 1126 45 , , , 35419 1126 46 Steel Steel NNP 35419 1126 47 of of IN 35419 1126 48 the the DT 35419 1126 49 finest fine JJS 35419 1126 50 , , , 35419 1126 51 bright bright JJ 35419 1126 52 and and CC 35419 1126 53 blue blue JJ 35419 1126 54 ; ; : 35419 1126 55 Thorough thorough JJ 35419 1126 56 brace brace NN 35419 1126 57 , , , 35419 1126 58 bison bison NN 35419 1126 59 skin skin NN 35419 1126 60 , , , 35419 1126 61 thick thick JJ 35419 1126 62 and and CC 35419 1126 63 wide wide JJ 35419 1126 64 ; ; : 35419 1126 65 Boot Boot NNP 35419 1126 66 , , , 35419 1126 67 top top JJ 35419 1126 68 dasher dasher NN 35419 1126 69 from from IN 35419 1126 70 tough tough JJ 35419 1126 71 old old JJ 35419 1126 72 hide hide NN 35419 1126 73 , , , 35419 1126 74 Found find VBN 35419 1126 75 in in IN 35419 1126 76 the the DT 35419 1126 77 pit pit NN 35419 1126 78 when when WRB 35419 1126 79 the the DT 35419 1126 80 tanner tanner NN 35419 1126 81 died die VBD 35419 1126 82 . . . 35419 1127 1 That that DT 35419 1127 2 was be VBD 35419 1127 3 the the DT 35419 1127 4 way way NN 35419 1127 5 to to TO 35419 1127 6 " " `` 35419 1127 7 put put VB 35419 1127 8 her -PRON- PRP 35419 1127 9 through through RB 35419 1127 10 . . . 35419 1127 11 " " '' 35419 1128 1 ' ' `` 35419 1128 2 There there RB 35419 1128 3 ! ! . 35419 1128 4 ' ' '' 35419 1129 1 said say VBD 35419 1129 2 the the DT 35419 1129 3 Deacon Deacon NNPS 35419 1129 4 , , , 35419 1129 5 ' ' '' 35419 1129 6 naow naow NNS 35419 1129 7 she -PRON- PRP 35419 1129 8 'll will MD 35419 1129 9 dew dew VB 35419 1129 10 ! ! . 35419 1129 11 ' ' '' 35419 1129 12 " " '' 35419 1130 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1130 2 Footnote footnote NN 35419 1130 3 1 1 CD 35419 1130 4 : : : 35419 1130 5 Hygroscopicity hygroscopicity NN 35419 1130 6 , , , 35419 1130 7 " " '' 35419 1130 8 the the DT 35419 1130 9 property property NN 35419 1130 10 possessed possess VBN 35419 1130 11 by by IN 35419 1130 12 vegetable vegetable JJ 35419 1130 13 tissues tissue NNS 35419 1130 14 of of IN 35419 1130 15 absorbing absorb VBG 35419 1130 16 or or CC 35419 1130 17 discharging discharge VBG 35419 1130 18 moisture moisture NN 35419 1130 19 and and CC 35419 1130 20 expanding expand VBG 35419 1130 21 or or CC 35419 1130 22 shrinking shrink VBG 35419 1130 23 accordingly accordingly RB 35419 1130 24 . . . 35419 1130 25 " " '' 35419 1131 1 --_Century --_Century : 35419 1131 2 Dictionary Dictionary NNP 35419 1131 3 . . . 35419 1131 4 _ _ NNP 35419 1131 5 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1131 6 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1131 7 Footnote footnote NN 35419 1131 8 2 2 CD 35419 1131 9 : : : 35419 1131 10 This this DT 35419 1131 11 is be VBZ 35419 1131 12 shown show VBN 35419 1131 13 by by IN 35419 1131 14 the the DT 35419 1131 15 following follow VBG 35419 1131 16 table table NN 35419 1131 17 , , , 35419 1131 18 from from IN 35419 1131 19 Forestry Forestry NNP 35419 1131 20 Bulletin Bulletin NNP 35419 1131 21 No no UH 35419 1131 22 . . . 35419 1132 1 10 10 CD 35419 1132 2 , , , 35419 1132 3 p. p. NN 35419 1132 4 31 31 CD 35419 1132 5 , , , 35419 1132 6 _ _ NNP 35419 1132 7 Timber Timber NNP 35419 1132 8 _ _ NNP 35419 1132 9 , , , 35419 1132 10 by by IN 35419 1132 11 Filibert Filibert NNP 35419 1132 12 Roth Roth NNP 35419 1132 13 : : : 35419 1132 14 POUNDS pound NNS 35419 1132 15 OF of IN 35419 1132 16 WATER WATER NNP 35419 1132 17 LOST lose VBD 35419 1132 18 IN in IN 35419 1132 19 DRYING drying NN 35419 1132 20 100 100 CD 35419 1132 21 POUNDS pound NNS 35419 1132 22 OF of IN 35419 1132 23 GREEN green JJ 35419 1132 24 WOOD wood NN 35419 1132 25 IN in IN 35419 1132 26 THE the DT 35419 1132 27 KILN KILN NNP 35419 1132 28 . . . 35419 1133 1 Sap sap NN 35419 1133 2 - - HYPH 35419 1133 3 wood wood NN 35419 1133 4 or or CC 35419 1133 5 Heart heart NN 35419 1133 6 - - HYPH 35419 1133 7 wood wood NN 35419 1133 8 outer outer JJ 35419 1133 9 part part NN 35419 1133 10 . . . 35419 1134 1 or or CC 35419 1134 2 interior interior NNP 35419 1134 3 . . . 35419 1135 1 1 1 LS 35419 1135 2 . . . 35419 1136 1 Pines pine NNS 35419 1136 2 , , , 35419 1136 3 cedars cedar NNS 35419 1136 4 , , , 35419 1136 5 spruces spruce NNS 35419 1136 6 , , , 35419 1136 7 and and CC 35419 1136 8 firs firs NNP 35419 1136 9 45 45 CD 35419 1136 10 - - SYM 35419 1136 11 65 65 CD 35419 1136 12 16 16 CD 35419 1136 13 - - SYM 35419 1136 14 25 25 CD 35419 1136 15 2 2 CD 35419 1136 16 . . . 35419 1137 1 Cypress Cypress NNP 35419 1137 2 , , , 35419 1137 3 extremely extremely RB 35419 1137 4 variable variable JJ 35419 1137 5 50 50 CD 35419 1137 6 - - SYM 35419 1137 7 65 65 CD 35419 1137 8 18 18 CD 35419 1137 9 - - SYM 35419 1137 10 60 60 CD 35419 1137 11 3 3 CD 35419 1137 12 . . . 35419 1138 1 Poplar poplar JJ 35419 1138 2 , , , 35419 1138 3 cottonwood cottonwood NN 35419 1138 4 , , , 35419 1138 5 basswood basswood NNP 35419 1138 6 60 60 CD 35419 1138 7 - - SYM 35419 1138 8 65 65 CD 35419 1138 9 40 40 CD 35419 1138 10 - - SYM 35419 1138 11 60 60 CD 35419 1138 12 4 4 CD 35419 1138 13 . . . 35419 1139 1 Oak Oak NNP 35419 1139 2 , , , 35419 1139 3 beech beech NN 35419 1139 4 , , , 35419 1139 5 ash ash NNP 35419 1139 6 , , , 35419 1139 7 elm elm NNP 35419 1139 8 , , , 35419 1139 9 maple maple NNP 35419 1139 10 , , , 35419 1139 11 birch birch NNP 35419 1139 12 , , , 35419 1139 13 hickory hickory NN 35419 1139 14 , , , 35419 1139 15 chestnut chestnut NN 35419 1139 16 , , , 35419 1139 17 walnut walnut NNP 35419 1139 18 , , , 35419 1139 19 and and CC 35419 1139 20 sycamore sycamore VBD 35419 1139 21 40 40 CD 35419 1139 22 - - SYM 35419 1139 23 50 50 CD 35419 1139 24 30 30 CD 35419 1139 25 - - SYM 35419 1139 26 40 40 CD 35419 1139 27 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1139 28 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1139 29 Footnote footnote NN 35419 1139 30 3 3 CD 35419 1139 31 : : : 35419 1139 32 The the DT 35419 1139 33 following follow VBG 35419 1139 34 table table NN 35419 1139 35 from from IN 35419 1139 36 Roth Roth NNP 35419 1139 37 , , , 35419 1139 38 p. p. NN 35419 1139 39 37 37 CD 35419 1139 40 , , , 35419 1139 41 gives give VBZ 35419 1139 42 the the DT 35419 1139 43 approximate approximate JJ 35419 1139 44 shrinkage shrinkage NN 35419 1139 45 of of IN 35419 1139 46 a a DT 35419 1139 47 board board NN 35419 1139 48 , , , 35419 1139 49 or or CC 35419 1139 50 set set NN 35419 1139 51 of of IN 35419 1139 52 boards board NNS 35419 1139 53 , , , 35419 1139 54 100 100 CD 35419 1139 55 inches inch NNS 35419 1139 56 wide wide JJ 35419 1139 57 , , , 35419 1139 58 drying dry VBG 35419 1139 59 in in IN 35419 1139 60 the the DT 35419 1139 61 open open JJ 35419 1139 62 air air NN 35419 1139 63 : : : 35419 1139 64 Shrinkage Shrinkage NNP 35419 1139 65 Inches inch NNS 35419 1139 66 . . . 35419 1140 1 1 1 LS 35419 1140 2 . . . 35419 1141 1 All all DT 35419 1141 2 light light JJ 35419 1141 3 conifers conifer NNS 35419 1141 4 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1141 5 soft soft JJ 35419 1141 6 pine pine NN 35419 1141 7 , , , 35419 1141 8 spruce spruce NN 35419 1141 9 , , , 35419 1141 10 cedar cedar NN 35419 1141 11 , , , 35419 1141 12 cypress cypress NN 35419 1141 13 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1141 14 3 3 CD 35419 1141 15 2 2 CD 35419 1141 16 . . . 35419 1142 1 Heavy heavy JJ 35419 1142 2 conifers conifer NNS 35419 1142 3 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1142 4 hard hard JJ 35419 1142 5 pine pine NN 35419 1142 6 , , , 35419 1142 7 tamarack tamarack NN 35419 1142 8 , , , 35419 1142 9 yew yew UH 35419 1142 10 , , , 35419 1142 11 honey honey NN 35419 1142 12 locust locust NN 35419 1142 13 , , , 35419 1142 14 box box NN 35419 1142 15 elder elder NN 35419 1142 16 , , , 35419 1142 17 wood wood NN 35419 1142 18 of of IN 35419 1142 19 old old JJ 35419 1142 20 oaks oak NNS 35419 1142 21 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1142 22 4 4 CD 35419 1142 23 3 3 CD 35419 1142 24 . . . 35419 1143 1 Ash Ash NNP 35419 1143 2 , , , 35419 1143 3 elm elm NNP 35419 1143 4 , , , 35419 1143 5 walnut walnut NNP 35419 1143 6 , , , 35419 1143 7 poplar poplar NNP 35419 1143 8 , , , 35419 1143 9 maple maple NN 35419 1143 10 , , , 35419 1143 11 beech beech NNP 35419 1143 12 , , , 35419 1143 13 sycamore sycamore NN 35419 1143 14 , , , 35419 1143 15 cherry cherry NN 35419 1143 16 , , , 35419 1143 17 black black JJ 35419 1143 18 locust locust NN 35419 1143 19 5 5 CD 35419 1143 20 4 4 CD 35419 1143 21 . . . 35419 1144 1 Basswood Basswood NNP 35419 1144 2 , , , 35419 1144 3 birch birch NNP 35419 1144 4 , , , 35419 1144 5 chestnut chestnut NN 35419 1144 6 , , , 35419 1144 7 horse horse NN 35419 1144 8 chestnut chestnut NN 35419 1144 9 , , , 35419 1144 10 blue blue NNP 35419 1144 11 beech beech NNP 35419 1144 12 , , , 35419 1144 13 young young JJ 35419 1144 14 locust locust NN 35419 1144 15 6 6 CD 35419 1144 16 5 5 CD 35419 1144 17 . . . 35419 1145 1 Hickory Hickory NNP 35419 1145 2 , , , 35419 1145 3 young young JJ 35419 1145 4 oak oak NN 35419 1145 5 , , , 35419 1145 6 especially especially RB 35419 1145 7 red red JJ 35419 1145 8 oak oak NN 35419 1145 9 Up up IN 35419 1145 10 to to TO 35419 1145 11 10 10 CD 35419 1145 12 The the DT 35419 1145 13 figures figure NNS 35419 1145 14 are be VBP 35419 1145 15 the the DT 35419 1145 16 average average NN 35419 1145 17 of of IN 35419 1145 18 radial radial JJ 35419 1145 19 and and CC 35419 1145 20 tangential tangential JJ 35419 1145 21 shrinkages shrinkage NNS 35419 1145 22 . . . 35419 1145 23 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1146 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1146 2 Footnote footnote NN 35419 1146 3 4 4 CD 35419 1146 4 : : : 35419 1146 5 How how WRB 35419 1146 6 much much JJ 35419 1146 7 different different JJ 35419 1146 8 woods wood NNS 35419 1146 9 vary vary VBP 35419 1146 10 may may MD 35419 1146 11 be be VB 35419 1146 12 seen see VBN 35419 1146 13 by by IN 35419 1146 14 the the DT 35419 1146 15 following follow VBG 35419 1146 16 table table NN 35419 1146 17 , , , 35419 1146 18 taken take VBN 35419 1146 19 from from IN 35419 1146 20 Filibert Filibert NNP 35419 1146 21 Roth Roth NNP 35419 1146 22 , , , 35419 1146 23 _ _ NNP 35419 1146 24 Timber Timber NNP 35419 1146 25 _ _ NNP 35419 1146 26 , , , 35419 1146 27 Forest Forest NNP 35419 1146 28 Service Service NNP 35419 1146 29 Bulletin Bulletin NNP 35419 1146 30 No no NN 35419 1146 31 . . . 35419 1147 1 10 10 CD 35419 1147 2 , , , 35419 1147 3 p. p. NN 35419 1147 4 28 28 CD 35419 1147 5 : : : 35419 1147 6 WEIGHT WEIGHT NNP 35419 1147 7 OF of IN 35419 1147 8 KILN KILN NNP 35419 1147 9 - - HYPH 35419 1147 10 DRIED dried NN 35419 1147 11 WOOD wood NN 35419 1147 12 OF of IN 35419 1147 13 DIFFERENT DIFFERENT NNP 35419 1147 14 SPECIES specie NNS 35419 1147 15 . . . 35419 1148 1 ------------------------------------+--------------------------------- ------------------------------------+--------------------------------- NFP 35419 1148 2 | | NNP 35419 1148 3 Approximate Approximate NNP 35419 1148 4 . . . 35419 1149 1 + + CC 35419 1149 2 -----------+--------------------- -----------+--------------------- : 35419 1149 3 | | NNP 35419 1149 4 | | NNP 35419 1149 5 Weight Weight NNP 35419 1149 6 of of IN 35419 1149 7 | | NNP 35419 1149 8 + + SYM 35419 1149 9 ---------+----------- ---------+----------- HYPH 35419 1149 10 | | NNP 35419 1149 11 Specific specific JJ 35419 1149 12 | | CD 35419 1149 13 1 1 CD 35419 1149 14 cubic cubic JJ 35419 1149 15 | | CD 35419 1149 16 1,000 1,000 CD 35419 1149 17 feet foot NNS 35419 1149 18 | | JJ 35419 1149 19 weight weight NN 35419 1149 20 . . . 35419 1150 1 | | JJ 35419 1150 2 foot foot NN 35419 1150 3 . . . 35419 1151 1 | | NNS 35419 1151 2 of of IN 35419 1151 3 lumber lumber NN 35419 1151 4 . . . 35419 1152 1 ------------------------------------+-----------+---------+----------- ------------------------------------+-----------+---------+----------- NFP 35419 1152 2 | | NNP 35419 1152 3 | | NNP 35419 1152 4 Pounds Pounds NNPS 35419 1152 5 | | NNP 35419 1152 6 Pounds Pounds NNPS 35419 1152 7 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1152 8 a a LS 35419 1152 9 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1152 10 Very very RB 35419 1152 11 heavy heavy JJ 35419 1152 12 woods wood NNS 35419 1152 13 : : : 35419 1152 14 | | CD 35419 1152 15 | | NNP 35419 1152 16 | | NNP 35419 1152 17 Hickory Hickory NNP 35419 1152 18 , , , 35419 1152 19 oak oak NN 35419 1152 20 , , , 35419 1152 21 persimmon persimmon NN 35419 1152 22 , , , 35419 1152 23 | | NNP 35419 1152 24 | | CD 35419 1152 25 | | CD 35419 1152 26 osage osage NN 35419 1152 27 , , , 35419 1152 28 orange orange JJ 35419 1152 29 , , , 35419 1152 30 black black JJ 35419 1152 31 | | NNP 35419 1152 32 | | CD 35419 1152 33 | | CD 35419 1152 34 locust locust NN 35419 1152 35 , , , 35419 1152 36 hackberry hackberry JJ 35419 1152 37 , , , 35419 1152 38 blue blue JJ 35419 1152 39 | | CD 35419 1152 40 | | CD 35419 1152 41 | | NNP 35419 1152 42 beech beech NN 35419 1152 43 , , , 35419 1152 44 best good JJS 35419 1152 45 of of IN 35419 1152 46 elm elm NN 35419 1152 47 , , , 35419 1152 48 and and CC 35419 1152 49 ash ash NNP 35419 1152 50 | | CD 35419 1152 51 0.70 0.70 CD 35419 1152 52 - - HYPH 35419 1152 53 0.80 0.80 CD 35419 1152 54 | | CD 35419 1152 55 42 42 CD 35419 1152 56 - - SYM 35419 1152 57 48 48 CD 35419 1152 58 | | CD 35419 1152 59 3,700 3,700 CD 35419 1152 60 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1152 61 b b NN 35419 1152 62 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1152 63 Heavy heavy JJ 35419 1152 64 woods wood NNS 35419 1152 65 : : : 35419 1152 66 | | CD 35419 1152 67 | | NNP 35419 1152 68 | | NNP 35419 1152 69 Ash Ash NNP 35419 1152 70 , , , 35419 1152 71 elm elm NN 35419 1152 72 , , , 35419 1152 73 cherry cherry NN 35419 1152 74 , , , 35419 1152 75 birch birch NNP 35419 1152 76 , , , 35419 1152 77 | | NNP 35419 1152 78 | | NNP 35419 1152 79 | | CD 35419 1152 80 maple maple NN 35419 1152 81 , , , 35419 1152 82 beech beech NNP 35419 1152 83 , , , 35419 1152 84 walnut walnut NNP 35419 1152 85 , , , 35419 1152 86 sour sour JJ 35419 1152 87 | | NNP 35419 1152 88 | | NNP 35419 1152 89 | | CD 35419 1152 90 gum gum NN 35419 1152 91 , , , 35419 1152 92 coffee coffee NN 35419 1152 93 tree tree NN 35419 1152 94 , , , 35419 1152 95 honey honey NN 35419 1152 96 | | NNP 35419 1152 97 | | NNP 35419 1152 98 | | CD 35419 1152 99 locust locust NN 35419 1152 100 , , , 35419 1152 101 best good JJS 35419 1152 102 of of IN 35419 1152 103 southern southern JJ 35419 1152 104 | | CD 35419 1152 105 | | CD 35419 1152 106 | | CD 35419 1152 107 pine pine NN 35419 1152 108 , , , 35419 1152 109 and and CC 35419 1152 110 tamarack tamarack JJ 35419 1152 111 | | NNP 35419 1152 112 .60-.70 .60-.70 , 35419 1152 113 | | CD 35419 1152 114 36 36 CD 35419 1152 115 - - HYPH 35419 1152 116 42 42 CD 35419 1152 117 | | CD 35419 1152 118 3,200 3,200 CD 35419 1152 119 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1152 120 c c NN 35419 1152 121 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1152 122 Woods Woods NNP 35419 1152 123 of of IN 35419 1152 124 medium medium JJ 35419 1152 125 weight weight NN 35419 1152 126 : : : 35419 1152 127 | | CD 35419 1152 128 | | CD 35419 1152 129 | | JJ 35419 1152 130 Southern southern JJ 35419 1152 131 pine pine NN 35419 1152 132 , , , 35419 1152 133 pitch pitch NN 35419 1152 134 pine pine NN 35419 1152 135 , , , 35419 1152 136 | | NNP 35419 1152 137 | | CD 35419 1152 138 | | CD 35419 1152 139 tamarack tamarack NN 35419 1152 140 , , , 35419 1152 141 Douglas Douglas NNP 35419 1152 142 spruce spruce NN 35419 1152 143 , , , 35419 1152 144 | | NNP 35419 1152 145 | | CD 35419 1152 146 | | CD 35419 1152 147 western western JJ 35419 1152 148 hemlock hemlock NN 35419 1152 149 , , , 35419 1152 150 sweet sweet JJ 35419 1152 151 gum gum NN 35419 1152 152 , , , 35419 1152 153 | | NNP 35419 1152 154 | | CD 35419 1152 155 | | CD 35419 1152 156 soft soft JJ 35419 1152 157 maple maple NN 35419 1152 158 , , , 35419 1152 159 sycamore sycamore NN 35419 1152 160 , , , 35419 1152 161 light light JJ 35419 1152 162 | | CD 35419 1152 163 | | CD 35419 1152 164 | | NNS 35419 1152 165 sassafras sassafra NNS 35419 1152 166 , , , 35419 1152 167 mulberry mulberry NN 35419 1152 168 , , , 35419 1152 169 | | NNP 35419 1152 170 | | CD 35419 1152 171 | | CD 35419 1152 172 grades grade NNS 35419 1152 173 of of IN 35419 1152 174 birch birch NNP 35419 1152 175 and and CC 35419 1152 176 cherry cherry NNP 35419 1152 177 | | NNP 35419 1152 178 .50-.60 .50-.60 NNP 35419 1152 179 | | CD 35419 1152 180 30 30 CD 35419 1152 181 - - SYM 35419 1152 182 36 36 CD 35419 1152 183 | | CD 35419 1152 184 2,700 2,700 CD 35419 1152 185 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1152 186 d d NN 35419 1152 187 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1152 188 Light light JJ 35419 1152 189 woods wood NNS 35419 1152 190 : : : 35419 1152 191 | | NNP 35419 1152 192 | | NNP 35419 1152 193 | | NNP 35419 1152 194 Norway Norway NNP 35419 1152 195 and and CC 35419 1152 196 bull bull NN 35419 1152 197 pine pine NN 35419 1152 198 , , , 35419 1152 199 red red JJ 35419 1152 200 | | NNP 35419 1152 201 | | NNP 35419 1152 202 | | CD 35419 1152 203 cedar cedar NN 35419 1152 204 , , , 35419 1152 205 cypress cypress NN 35419 1152 206 , , , 35419 1152 207 hemlock hemlock NNP 35419 1152 208 , , , 35419 1152 209 | | NNP 35419 1152 210 | | NNP 35419 1152 211 | | VBZ 35419 1152 212 the the DT 35419 1152 213 heavier heavy JJR 35419 1152 214 spruce spruce NN 35419 1152 215 and and CC 35419 1152 216 fir fir NN 35419 1152 217 , , , 35419 1152 218 | | CD 35419 1152 219 | | CD 35419 1152 220 | | CD 35419 1152 221 redwood redwood NN 35419 1152 222 , , , 35419 1152 223 basswood basswood NN 35419 1152 224 , , , 35419 1152 225 chestnut chestnut NN 35419 1152 226 , , , 35419 1152 227 | | NNP 35419 1152 228 | | NNP 35419 1152 229 | | CD 35419 1152 230 butternut butternut NN 35419 1152 231 , , , 35419 1152 232 tulip tulip NN 35419 1152 233 , , , 35419 1152 234 catalpa catalpa NN 35419 1152 235 , , , 35419 1152 236 | | CD 35419 1152 237 | | CD 35419 1152 238 | | CD 35419 1152 239 buckeye buckeye NN 35419 1152 240 , , , 35419 1152 241 heavier heavy JJR 35419 1152 242 grades grade NNS 35419 1152 243 of of IN 35419 1152 244 | | NNP 35419 1152 245 | | CD 35419 1152 246 | | CD 35419 1152 247 poplar poplar JJ 35419 1152 248 | | NNP 35419 1152 249 .40-.50 .40-.50 NN 35419 1152 250 | | CD 35419 1152 251 24 24 CD 35419 1152 252 - - SYM 35419 1152 253 30 30 CD 35419 1152 254 | | CD 35419 1152 255 2,200 2,200 CD 35419 1152 256 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1152 257 e e NN 35419 1152 258 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1152 259 Very very RB 35419 1152 260 light light JJ 35419 1152 261 woods wood NNS 35419 1152 262 : : : 35419 1152 263 | | CD 35419 1152 264 | | CD 35419 1152 265 | | CD 35419 1152 266 White white JJ 35419 1152 267 pine pine NN 35419 1152 268 , , , 35419 1152 269 spruce spruce NN 35419 1152 270 , , , 35419 1152 271 fir fir NN 35419 1152 272 , , , 35419 1152 273 white white JJ 35419 1152 274 | | CD 35419 1152 275 | | CD 35419 1152 276 | | CD 35419 1152 277 cedar cedar NN 35419 1152 278 , , , 35419 1152 279 poplar poplar JJ 35419 1152 280 | | NNP 35419 1152 281 .30-.40 .30-.40 NNP 35419 1152 282 | | CD 35419 1152 283 18 18 CD 35419 1152 284 - - HYPH 35419 1152 285 24 24 CD 35419 1152 286 | | CD 35419 1152 287 1,800 1,800 CD 35419 1152 288 ------------------------------------+-----------+---------+----------- ------------------------------------+-----------+---------+----------- , 35419 1152 289 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1152 290 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1152 291 Footnote footnote NN 35419 1152 292 5 5 CD 35419 1152 293 : : : 35419 1152 294 For for IN 35419 1152 295 table table NN 35419 1152 296 of of IN 35419 1152 297 weights weight NNS 35419 1152 298 of of IN 35419 1152 299 different different JJ 35419 1152 300 woods wood NNS 35419 1152 301 see see VBP 35419 1152 302 Sargent Sargent NNP 35419 1152 303 , , , 35419 1152 304 _ _ NNP 35419 1152 305 Jesup Jesup NNP 35419 1152 306 Collection Collection NNP 35419 1152 307 , , , 35419 1152 308 _ _ NNP 35419 1152 309 pp pp NNP 35419 1152 310 . . . 35419 1153 1 153 153 CD 35419 1153 2 - - SYM 35419 1153 3 157 157 CD 35419 1153 4 . . . 35419 1153 5 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1154 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1154 2 Footnote footnote NN 35419 1154 3 6 6 CD 35419 1154 4 : : : 35419 1154 5 See see VB 35419 1154 6 Forestry Forestry NNP 35419 1154 7 Bulletin Bulletin NNP 35419 1154 8 No no UH 35419 1154 9 . . . 35419 1155 1 70 70 CD 35419 1155 2 , , , 35419 1155 3 pp pp NNP 35419 1155 4 . . . 35419 1156 1 11 11 CD 35419 1156 2 , , , 35419 1156 3 12 12 CD 35419 1156 4 , , , 35419 1156 5 and and CC 35419 1156 6 Forestry Forestry NNP 35419 1156 7 Circular Circular NNP 35419 1156 8 No no UH 35419 1156 9 . . . 35419 1157 1 108 108 CD 35419 1157 2 . . . 35419 1157 3 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1158 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1158 2 Footnote Footnote NNP 35419 1158 3 7 7 CD 35419 1158 4 : : : 35419 1158 5 For for IN 35419 1158 6 table table NN 35419 1158 7 of of IN 35419 1158 8 strengths strength NNS 35419 1158 9 of of IN 35419 1158 10 different different JJ 35419 1158 11 woods wood NNS 35419 1158 12 , , , 35419 1158 13 see see VB 35419 1158 14 Sargent Sargent NNP 35419 1158 15 , , , 35419 1158 16 _ _ NNP 35419 1158 17 Jesup Jesup NNP 35419 1158 18 Collection Collection NNP 35419 1158 19 _ _ NNP 35419 1158 20 , , , 35419 1158 21 pp pp NNP 35419 1158 22 . . . 35419 1159 1 166 166 CD 35419 1159 2 ff ff NN 35419 1159 3 . . . 35419 1159 4 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1160 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1160 2 Footnote footnote NN 35419 1160 3 8 8 CD 35419 1160 4 : : : 35419 1160 5 For for IN 35419 1160 6 table table NN 35419 1160 7 of of IN 35419 1160 8 elasticity elasticity NN 35419 1160 9 of of IN 35419 1160 10 different different JJ 35419 1160 11 woods wood NNS 35419 1160 12 , , , 35419 1160 13 see see VB 35419 1160 14 Sargent Sargent NNP 35419 1160 15 , , , 35419 1160 16 _ _ NNP 35419 1160 17 Jesup Jesup NNP 35419 1160 18 Collection Collection NNP 35419 1160 19 _ _ NNP 35419 1160 20 , , , 35419 1160 21 pp pp NNP 35419 1160 22 . . . 35419 1161 1 163 163 CD 35419 1161 2 ff ff NNP 35419 1161 3 . . . 35419 1161 4 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1162 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1162 2 Footnote footnote NN 35419 1162 3 9 9 CD 35419 1162 4 : : : 35419 1162 5 For for IN 35419 1162 6 table table NN 35419 1162 7 of of IN 35419 1162 8 hardnesses hardness NNS 35419 1162 9 of of IN 35419 1162 10 different different JJ 35419 1162 11 woods wood NNS 35419 1162 12 , , , 35419 1162 13 see see VB 35419 1162 14 Sargent Sargent NNP 35419 1162 15 , , , 35419 1162 16 _ _ NNP 35419 1162 17 Jesup Jesup NNP 35419 1162 18 Collection Collection NNP 35419 1162 19 _ _ NNP 35419 1162 20 , , , 35419 1162 21 pp pp NNP 35419 1162 22 . . . 35419 1163 1 173 173 CD 35419 1163 2 ff ff NNP 35419 1163 3 . . . 35419 1163 4 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1164 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1164 2 Footnote footnote NN 35419 1164 3 10 10 CD 35419 1164 4 : : : 35419 1164 5 For for IN 35419 1164 6 detailed detailed JJ 35419 1164 7 characteristics characteristic NNS 35419 1164 8 of of IN 35419 1164 9 different different JJ 35419 1164 10 woods wood NNS 35419 1164 11 see see VBP 35419 1164 12 Chapter Chapter NNP 35419 1164 13 III III NNP 35419 1164 14 . . . 35419 1164 15 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1165 1 THE the DT 35419 1165 2 PROPERTIES PROPERTIES NNP 35419 1165 3 OF of IN 35419 1165 4 WOOD WOOD NNP 35419 1165 5 . . . 35419 1166 1 REFERENCES[A references[a LS 35419 1166 2 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1166 3 Moisture Moisture NNP 35419 1166 4 and and CC 35419 1166 5 Shrinkage Shrinkage NNP 35419 1166 6 . . . 35419 1167 1 Roth Roth NNP 35419 1167 2 , , , 35419 1167 3 _ _ NNP 35419 1167 4 For for IN 35419 1167 5 . . . 35419 1168 1 Bull Bull NNP 35419 1168 2 . . . 35419 1168 3 _ _ NNP 35419 1168 4 , , , 35419 1168 5 No no UH 35419 1168 6 . . . 35419 1169 1 10 10 CD 35419 1169 2 , , , 35419 1169 3 pp pp NNP 35419 1169 4 . . . 35419 1170 1 25 25 CD 35419 1170 2 - - SYM 35419 1170 3 37 37 CD 35419 1170 4 . . . 35419 1171 1 Busbridge Busbridge NNP 35419 1171 2 , , , 35419 1171 3 _ _ NNP 35419 1171 4 Sci Sci NNP 35419 1171 5 . . . 35419 1172 1 Am Am NNP 35419 1172 2 . . . 35419 1173 1 Sup Sup NNP 35419 1173 2 . . . 35419 1173 3 _ _ NNP 35419 1173 4 No no UH 35419 1173 5 . . . 35419 1174 1 1500 1500 CD 35419 1174 2 . . . 35419 1175 1 Oct. October NNP 35419 1175 2 1 1 CD 35419 1175 3 , , , 35419 1175 4 ' ' '' 35419 1175 5 04 04 CD 35419 1175 6 . . . 35419 1176 1 Weight weight NN 35419 1176 2 , , , 35419 1176 3 Strength strength NN 35419 1176 4 , , , 35419 1176 5 Cleavability Cleavability NNP 35419 1176 6 , , , 35419 1176 7 Elasticity Elasticity NNP 35419 1176 8 and and CC 35419 1176 9 Toughness Toughness NNP 35419 1176 10 . . . 35419 1177 1 Roth Roth NNP 35419 1177 2 , , , 35419 1177 3 _ _ NNP 35419 1177 4 For for IN 35419 1177 5 . . . 35419 1178 1 Bull Bull NNP 35419 1178 2 . . . 35419 1178 3 _ _ NNP 35419 1178 4 , , , 35419 1178 5 10 10 CD 35419 1178 6 , , , 35419 1178 7 p. p. NN 35419 1178 8 37 37 CD 35419 1178 9 - - SYM 35419 1178 10 50 50 CD 35419 1178 11 . . . 35419 1179 1 Boulger boulger NN 35419 1179 2 , , , 35419 1179 3 pp pp NNP 35419 1179 4 . . . 35419 1180 1 89 89 CD 35419 1180 2 - - SYM 35419 1180 3 108 108 CD 35419 1180 4 , , , 35419 1180 5 129 129 CD 35419 1180 6 - - SYM 35419 1180 7 140 140 CD 35419 1180 8 . . . 35419 1181 1 Roth Roth NNP 35419 1181 2 , , , 35419 1181 3 _ _ NNP 35419 1181 4 First First NNP 35419 1181 5 Book Book NNP 35419 1181 6 _ _ NNP 35419 1181 7 , , , 35419 1181 8 pp pp NNP 35419 1181 9 . . . 35419 1182 1 229 229 CD 35419 1182 2 - - SYM 35419 1182 3 233 233 CD 35419 1182 4 . . . 35419 1183 1 Sargent Sargent NNP 35419 1183 2 , , , 35419 1183 3 _ _ NNP 35419 1183 4 Jesup Jesup NNP 35419 1183 5 Collection Collection NNP 35419 1183 6 _ _ NNP 35419 1183 7 , , , 35419 1183 8 pp pp NNP 35419 1183 9 . . . 35419 1184 1 153 153 CD 35419 1184 2 - - SYM 35419 1184 3 176 176 CD 35419 1184 4 . . . 35419 1185 1 Forest forest NN 35419 1185 2 Circulars circular VBZ 35419 1185 3 Nos Nos NNP 35419 1185 4 . . . 35419 1186 1 108 108 CD 35419 1186 2 and and CC 35419 1186 3 139 139 CD 35419 1186 4 . . . 35419 1187 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1187 2 Footnote Footnote NNP 35419 1187 3 A A NNP 35419 1187 4 : : : 35419 1187 5 For for IN 35419 1187 6 general general JJ 35419 1187 7 bibliography bibliography NN 35419 1187 8 , , , 35419 1187 9 see see VB 35419 1187 10 p. p. NN 35419 1188 1 4 4 LS 35419 1188 2 . . . 35419 1188 3 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1189 1 CHAPTER CHAPTER NNP 35419 1189 2 III III NNP 35419 1189 3 . . . 35419 1190 1 THE the DT 35419 1190 2 PRINCIPAL PRINCIPAL NNP 35419 1190 3 SPECIES specie NNS 35419 1190 4 OF of IN 35419 1190 5 AMERICAN AMERICAN NNP 35419 1190 6 WOODS WOODS NNP 35419 1190 7 . . . 35419 1191 1 NOTES NOTES NNP 35419 1191 2 . . . 35419 1192 1 The the DT 35419 1192 2 photographs photograph NNS 35419 1192 3 of of IN 35419 1192 4 tangential tangential JJ 35419 1192 5 and and CC 35419 1192 6 radial radial JJ 35419 1192 7 sections section NNS 35419 1192 8 are be VBP 35419 1192 9 life life NN 35419 1192 10 size size NN 35419 1192 11 . . . 35419 1193 1 The the DT 35419 1193 2 microphotographs microphotograph NNS 35419 1193 3 are be VBP 35419 1193 4 of of IN 35419 1193 5 cross cross NN 35419 1193 6 - - NNS 35419 1193 7 sections section NNS 35419 1193 8 and and CC 35419 1193 9 are be VBP 35419 1193 10 enlarged enlarge VBN 35419 1193 11 37 37 CD 35419 1193 12 - - HYPH 35419 1193 13 1/2 1/2 CD 35419 1193 14 diameters diameter NNS 35419 1193 15 . . . 35419 1194 1 Following follow VBG 35419 1194 2 the the DT 35419 1194 3 precedent precedent NN 35419 1194 4 of of IN 35419 1194 5 U. U. NNP 35419 1194 6 S. S. NNP 35419 1194 7 Forest Forest NNP 35419 1194 8 Bulletin Bulletin NNP 35419 1194 9 No no UH 35419 1194 10 . . . 35419 1195 1 17 17 CD 35419 1195 2 , , , 35419 1195 3 Sudworth Sudworth NNP 35419 1195 4 's 's POS 35419 1195 5 _ _ NNP 35419 1195 6 Check Check NNP 35419 1195 7 List List NNP 35419 1195 8 of of IN 35419 1195 9 the the DT 35419 1195 10 Forest Forest NNP 35419 1195 11 Trees Trees NNPS 35419 1195 12 of of IN 35419 1195 13 the the DT 35419 1195 14 United United NNP 35419 1195 15 States States NNP 35419 1195 16 _ _ NNP 35419 1195 17 , , , 35419 1195 18 the the DT 35419 1195 19 complicated complicated JJ 35419 1195 20 rules rule NNS 35419 1195 21 for for IN 35419 1195 22 the the DT 35419 1195 23 capitalization capitalization NN 35419 1195 24 of of IN 35419 1195 25 the the DT 35419 1195 26 names name NNS 35419 1195 27 of of IN 35419 1195 28 species specie NNS 35419 1195 29 are be VBP 35419 1195 30 abandoned abandon VBN 35419 1195 31 and and CC 35419 1195 32 they -PRON- PRP 35419 1195 33 are be VBP 35419 1195 34 uniformly uniformly RB 35419 1195 35 not not RB 35419 1195 36 capitalized capitalize VBN 35419 1195 37 . . . 35419 1196 1 On on IN 35419 1196 2 pages page NNS 35419 1196 3 192 192 CD 35419 1196 4 - - SYM 35419 1196 5 195 195 CD 35419 1196 6 will will MD 35419 1196 7 be be VB 35419 1196 8 found find VBN 35419 1196 9 lists list NNS 35419 1196 10 of of IN 35419 1196 11 the the DT 35419 1196 12 woods wood NNS 35419 1196 13 described describe VBN 35419 1196 14 , , , 35419 1196 15 arranged arrange VBN 35419 1196 16 in in IN 35419 1196 17 the the DT 35419 1196 18 order order NN 35419 1196 19 of of IN 35419 1196 20 their -PRON- PRP$ 35419 1196 21 comparative comparative JJ 35419 1196 22 weight weight NN 35419 1196 23 , , , 35419 1196 24 strength strength NN 35419 1196 25 , , , 35419 1196 26 elasticity elasticity NN 35419 1196 27 , , , 35419 1196 28 and and CC 35419 1196 29 hardness hardness NN 35419 1196 30 . . . 35419 1197 1 These these DT 35419 1197 2 lists list NNS 35419 1197 3 are be VBP 35419 1197 4 based base VBN 35419 1197 5 upon upon IN 35419 1197 6 the the DT 35419 1197 7 figures figure NNS 35419 1197 8 in in IN 35419 1197 9 Sargent Sargent NNP 35419 1197 10 's 's POS 35419 1197 11 _ _ NNP 35419 1197 12 The the DT 35419 1197 13 Jesup Jesup NNP 35419 1197 14 Collection Collection NNP 35419 1197 15 _ _ NNP 35419 1197 16 . . . 35419 1198 1 In in IN 35419 1198 2 the the DT 35419 1198 3 appendix appendix NNP 35419 1198 4 , , , 35419 1198 5 p. p. NN 35419 1198 6 289 289 CD 35419 1198 7 , , , 35419 1198 8 will will MD 35419 1198 9 be be VB 35419 1198 10 found find VBN 35419 1198 11 a a DT 35419 1198 12 key key NN 35419 1198 13 for for IN 35419 1198 14 distinguishing distinguish VBG 35419 1198 15 the the DT 35419 1198 16 various various JJ 35419 1198 17 kinds kind NNS 35419 1198 18 of of IN 35419 1198 19 wood wood NN 35419 1198 20 . . . 35419 1199 1 Information information NN 35419 1199 2 as as IN 35419 1199 3 to to IN 35419 1199 4 current current JJ 35419 1199 5 wholesale wholesale JJ 35419 1199 6 prices price NNS 35419 1199 7 in in IN 35419 1199 8 the the DT 35419 1199 9 principal principal JJ 35419 1199 10 markets market NNS 35419 1199 11 of of IN 35419 1199 12 the the DT 35419 1199 13 country country NN 35419 1199 14 can can MD 35419 1199 15 be be VB 35419 1199 16 had have VBN 35419 1199 17 from from IN 35419 1199 18 the the DT 35419 1199 19 U. U. NNP 35419 1199 20 S. S. NNP 35419 1199 21 Dept Dept NNP 35419 1199 22 . . . 35419 1200 1 of of IN 35419 1200 2 Agriculture Agriculture NNP 35419 1200 3 , , , 35419 1200 4 The the DT 35419 1200 5 Forest Forest NNP 35419 1200 6 Service Service NNP 35419 1200 7 , , , 35419 1200 8 Washington Washington NNP 35419 1200 9 , , , 35419 1200 10 D. D. NNP 35419 1200 11 C. C. NNP 35419 1200 12 , , , 35419 1200 13 _ _ NNP 35419 1200 14 Record Record NNP 35419 1200 15 of of IN 35419 1200 16 Wholesale Wholesale NNP 35419 1200 17 Prices Prices NNPS 35419 1200 18 of of IN 35419 1200 19 Lumber Lumber NNP 35419 1200 20 , , , 35419 1200 21 List List NNP 35419 1200 22 A. a. NN 35419 1200 23 _ _ NNP 35419 1200 24 These these DT 35419 1200 25 lists list NNS 35419 1200 26 are be VBP 35419 1200 27 published publish VBN 35419 1200 28 periodically periodically RB 35419 1200 29 . . . 35419 1201 1 No no DT 35419 1201 2 attempt attempt NN 35419 1201 3 is be VBZ 35419 1201 4 made make VBN 35419 1201 5 in in IN 35419 1201 6 this this DT 35419 1201 7 book book NN 35419 1201 8 to to TO 35419 1201 9 give give VB 35419 1201 10 prices price NNS 35419 1201 11 because because IN 35419 1201 12 : : : 35419 1201 13 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1201 14 1 1 LS 35419 1201 15 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1201 16 only only RB 35419 1201 17 lists list NNS 35419 1201 18 of of IN 35419 1201 19 wholesale wholesale JJ 35419 1201 20 prices price NNS 35419 1201 21 are be VBP 35419 1201 22 available available JJ 35419 1201 23 ; ; : 35419 1201 24 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1201 25 2 2 LS 35419 1201 26 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1201 27 the the DT 35419 1201 28 cuts cut NNS 35419 1201 29 and and CC 35419 1201 30 grades grade NNS 35419 1201 31 differ differ VBP 35419 1201 32 considerably considerably RB 35419 1201 33 , , , 35419 1201 34 especially especially RB 35419 1201 35 in in IN 35419 1201 36 soft soft JJ 35419 1201 37 woods wood NNS 35419 1201 38 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1201 39 conifers conifer NNS 35419 1201 40 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1201 41 ; ; : 35419 1201 42 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1201 43 3 3 LS 35419 1201 44 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1201 45 prices price NNS 35419 1201 46 are be VBP 35419 1201 47 constantly constantly RB 35419 1201 48 varying vary VBG 35419 1201 49 ; ; : 35419 1201 50 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1201 51 4 4 LS 35419 1201 52 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1201 53 the the DT 35419 1201 54 prices price NNS 35419 1201 55 differ differ VBP 35419 1201 56 much much RB 35419 1201 57 in in IN 35419 1201 58 different different JJ 35419 1201 59 localities locality NNS 35419 1201 60 . . . 35419 1202 1 1 1 CD 35419 1202 2 WHITE WHITE NNP 35419 1202 3 PINE PINE NNP 35419 1202 4 , , , 35419 1202 5 WEYMOUTH WEYMOUTH NNP 35419 1202 6 PINE PINE NNP 35419 1202 7 . . . 35419 1203 1 Named name VBN 35419 1203 2 for for IN 35419 1203 3 Lord Lord NNP 35419 1203 4 Weymouth Weymouth NNP 35419 1203 5 , , , 35419 1203 6 who who WP 35419 1203 7 cultivated cultivate VBD 35419 1203 8 it -PRON- PRP 35419 1203 9 in in IN 35419 1203 10 England England NNP 35419 1203 11 . . . 35419 1204 1 _ _ NNP 35419 1204 2 Pinus Pinus NNP 35419 1204 3 strobus strobus NNP 35419 1204 4 _ _ NNP 35419 1204 5 Linnaeus Linnaeus NNP 35419 1204 6 . . . 35419 1205 1 _ _ NNP 35419 1205 2 Pinus Pinus NNP 35419 1205 3 _ _ NNP 35419 1205 4 , , , 35419 1205 5 the the DT 35419 1205 6 classical classical JJ 35419 1205 7 Latin latin JJ 35419 1205 8 name name NN 35419 1205 9 ; ; : 35419 1205 10 _ _ NNP 35419 1205 11 strobus strobus NNP 35419 1205 12 _ _ NNP 35419 1205 13 refers refer VBZ 35419 1205 14 to to IN 35419 1205 15 the the DT 35419 1205 16 cone cone NN 35419 1205 17 , , , 35419 1205 18 or or CC 35419 1205 19 strobile strobile NNP 35419 1205 20 , , , 35419 1205 21 from from IN 35419 1205 22 a a DT 35419 1205 23 Greek greek JJ 35419 1205 24 word word NN 35419 1205 25 , , , 35419 1205 26 _ _ NNP 35419 1205 27 strobus strobus NNP 35419 1205 28 _ _ NNP 35419 1205 29 , , , 35419 1205 30 meaning meaning NN 35419 1205 31 twist twist NN 35419 1205 32 . . . 35419 1206 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1206 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1206 3 : : : 35419 1206 4 Habitat Habitat NNP 35419 1206 5 . . . 35419 1206 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1207 1 HABITAT HABITAT NNP 35419 1207 2 : : : 35419 1207 3 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1207 4 See see VB 35419 1207 5 map map NN 35419 1207 6 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1207 7 ; ; : 35419 1207 8 now now RB 35419 1207 9 best good JJS 35419 1207 10 in in IN 35419 1207 11 Michigan Michigan NNP 35419 1207 12 , , , 35419 1207 13 Wisconsin Wisconsin NNP 35419 1207 14 and and CC 35419 1207 15 Minnesota Minnesota NNP 35419 1207 16 . . . 35419 1208 1 CHARACTERISTICS characteristic NNS 35419 1208 2 OF of IN 35419 1208 3 THE the DT 35419 1208 4 TREE tree NN 35419 1208 5 : : : 35419 1208 6 Height height NN 35419 1208 7 , , , 35419 1208 8 100'-120 100'-120 CD 35419 1208 9 ' ' CD 35419 1208 10 , , , 35419 1208 11 even even RB 35419 1208 12 200 200 CD 35419 1208 13 ' ' POS 35419 1208 14 ; ; : 35419 1208 15 diameter diameter NN 35419 1208 16 , , , 35419 1208 17 2'-4 2'-4 NNP 35419 1208 18 ' ' '' 35419 1208 19 ; ; : 35419 1208 20 branches branch NNS 35419 1208 21 in in IN 35419 1208 22 whorls whorls NNP 35419 1208 23 , , , 35419 1208 24 cleans clean VBZ 35419 1208 25 poorly poorly RB 35419 1208 26 ; ; : 35419 1208 27 bark bark NN 35419 1208 28 , , , 35419 1208 29 dark dark JJ 35419 1208 30 gray gray NN 35419 1208 31 , , , 35419 1208 32 divided divide VBN 35419 1208 33 by by IN 35419 1208 34 deep deep JJ 35419 1208 35 longitudinal longitudinal JJ 35419 1208 36 fissures fissure NNS 35419 1208 37 into into IN 35419 1208 38 broad broad JJ 35419 1208 39 ridges ridge NNS 35419 1208 40 ; ; , 35419 1208 41 leaves leave VBZ 35419 1208 42 in in IN 35419 1208 43 clusters cluster NNS 35419 1208 44 of of IN 35419 1208 45 5 5 CD 35419 1208 46 , , , 35419 1208 47 3"-5 3"-5 NNP 35419 1208 48 " " `` 35419 1208 49 long long JJ 35419 1208 50 ; ; : 35419 1208 51 cone cone NN 35419 1208 52 drooping drooping NN 35419 1208 53 , , , 35419 1208 54 4"-10 4"-10 CC 35419 1208 55 " " `` 35419 1208 56 long long RB 35419 1208 57 . . . 35419 1209 1 APPEARANCE APPEARANCE NNP 35419 1209 2 OF of IN 35419 1209 3 WOOD wood NN 35419 1209 4 : : : 35419 1209 5 Color color NN 35419 1209 6 , , , 35419 1209 7 heart heart NN 35419 1209 8 - - HYPH 35419 1209 9 wood wood NN 35419 1209 10 , , , 35419 1209 11 very very RB 35419 1209 12 light light JJ 35419 1209 13 brown brown NNP 35419 1209 14 , , , 35419 1209 15 almost almost RB 35419 1209 16 cream cream NN 35419 1209 17 color color NN 35419 1209 18 , , , 35419 1209 19 sap sap NN 35419 1209 20 - - HYPH 35419 1209 21 wood wood NN 35419 1209 22 , , , 35419 1209 23 nearly nearly RB 35419 1209 24 white white JJ 35419 1209 25 ; ; : 35419 1209 26 non non JJ 35419 1209 27 - - JJ 35419 1209 28 porous porous JJ 35419 1209 29 ; ; : 35419 1209 30 rings ring NNS 35419 1209 31 , , , 35419 1209 32 fine fine JJ 35419 1209 33 but but CC 35419 1209 34 distinct distinct JJ 35419 1209 35 ; ; : 35419 1209 36 grain grain NN 35419 1209 37 , , , 35419 1209 38 straight straight JJ 35419 1209 39 ; ; : 35419 1209 40 pith pith NNP 35419 1209 41 rays ray NNS 35419 1209 42 , , , 35419 1209 43 very very RB 35419 1209 44 faint faint JJ 35419 1209 45 ; ; : 35419 1209 46 resin resin NN 35419 1209 47 ducts duct NNS 35419 1209 48 , , , 35419 1209 49 small small JJ 35419 1209 50 , , , 35419 1209 51 inconspicuous inconspicuous JJ 35419 1209 52 . . . 35419 1210 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1210 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1210 3 : : : 35419 1210 4 Leaf Leaf NNP 35419 1210 5 . . . 35419 1210 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1211 1 PHYSICAL physical NN 35419 1211 2 QUALITIES quality NNS 35419 1211 3 : : : 35419 1211 4 Weight weight NN 35419 1211 5 , , , 35419 1211 6 very very RB 35419 1211 7 light light JJ 35419 1211 8 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1211 9 59th 59th JJ 35419 1211 10 in in IN 35419 1211 11 this this DT 35419 1211 12 list list NN 35419 1211 13 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1211 14 ; ; : 35419 1211 15 27 27 CD 35419 1211 16 lbs lbs NN 35419 1211 17 . . . 35419 1212 1 per per IN 35419 1212 2 cu cu NNP 35419 1212 3 . . . 35419 1213 1 ft ft NNP 35419 1213 2 . . NNP 35419 1213 3 ; ; : 35419 1213 4 sp sp NNP 35419 1213 5 . . . 35419 1214 1 gr gr NNP 35419 1214 2 . . . 35419 1215 1 0.3854 0.3854 CD 35419 1215 2 ; ; : 35419 1215 3 strength strength NN 35419 1215 4 , , , 35419 1215 5 medium medium NN 35419 1215 6 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1215 7 55th 55th NN 35419 1215 8 in in IN 35419 1215 9 this this DT 35419 1215 10 list list NN 35419 1215 11 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1215 12 ; ; : 35419 1215 13 elasticity elasticity NN 35419 1215 14 , , , 35419 1215 15 medium medium NN 35419 1215 16 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1215 17 47th 47th NN 35419 1215 18 in in IN 35419 1215 19 this this DT 35419 1215 20 list list NN 35419 1215 21 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1215 22 ; ; : 35419 1215 23 soft soft JJ 35419 1215 24 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1215 25 57th 57th JJ 35419 1215 26 in in IN 35419 1215 27 this this DT 35419 1215 28 list list NN 35419 1215 29 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1215 30 ; ; : 35419 1215 31 shrinkage shrinkage NN 35419 1215 32 3 3 CD 35419 1215 33 per per NN 35419 1215 34 cent cent NN 35419 1215 35 . . . 35419 1216 1 ; ; : 35419 1216 2 warps warps NNP 35419 1216 3 very very RB 35419 1216 4 little little JJ 35419 1216 5 ; ; : 35419 1216 6 durability durability NN 35419 1216 7 , , , 35419 1216 8 moderate moderate JJ 35419 1216 9 ; ; : 35419 1216 10 works work VBZ 35419 1216 11 easily easily RB 35419 1216 12 in in IN 35419 1216 13 every every DT 35419 1216 14 way way NN 35419 1216 15 ; ; : 35419 1216 16 splits split NNS 35419 1216 17 easily easily RB 35419 1216 18 but but CC 35419 1216 19 nails nail NNS 35419 1216 20 well well RB 35419 1216 21 . . . 35419 1217 1 COMMON common JJ 35419 1217 2 USES use NNS 35419 1217 3 : : : 35419 1217 4 Doors door NNS 35419 1217 5 , , , 35419 1217 6 window window NN 35419 1217 7 sashes sash NNS 35419 1217 8 and and CC 35419 1217 9 other other JJ 35419 1217 10 carpentry carpentry NN 35419 1217 11 , , , 35419 1217 12 pattern pattern NN 35419 1217 13 - - HYPH 35419 1217 14 making making NN 35419 1217 15 , , , 35419 1217 16 cabinet cabinet NN 35419 1217 17 - - HYPH 35419 1217 18 work work NN 35419 1217 19 , , , 35419 1217 20 matches match NNS 35419 1217 21 . . . 35419 1218 1 REMARKS remarks NN 35419 1218 2 : : : 35419 1218 3 This this DT 35419 1218 4 best good JJS 35419 1218 5 of of IN 35419 1218 6 American american JJ 35419 1218 7 woods wood NNS 35419 1218 8 is be VBZ 35419 1218 9 now now RB 35419 1218 10 rapidly rapidly RB 35419 1218 11 becoming become VBG 35419 1218 12 scarce scarce JJ 35419 1218 13 and and CC 35419 1218 14 higher high JJR 35419 1218 15 in in IN 35419 1218 16 price price NN 35419 1218 17 . . . 35419 1219 1 Its -PRON- PRP$ 35419 1219 2 uses use NNS 35419 1219 3 are be VBP 35419 1219 4 due due JJ 35419 1219 5 to to IN 35419 1219 6 its -PRON- PRP$ 35419 1219 7 uniform uniform JJ 35419 1219 8 grain grain NN 35419 1219 9 , , , 35419 1219 10 on on IN 35419 1219 11 account account NN 35419 1219 12 of of IN 35419 1219 13 which which WDT 35419 1219 14 it -PRON- PRP 35419 1219 15 is be VBZ 35419 1219 16 easily easily RB 35419 1219 17 worked work VBN 35419 1219 18 and and CC 35419 1219 19 stands stand VBZ 35419 1219 20 well well RB 35419 1219 21 . . . 35419 1220 1 Known know VBN 35419 1220 2 in in IN 35419 1220 3 the the DT 35419 1220 4 English english JJ 35419 1220 5 market market NN 35419 1220 6 as as IN 35419 1220 7 yellow yellow JJ 35419 1220 8 pine pine NN 35419 1220 9 . . . 35419 1221 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1221 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1221 3 : : : 35419 1221 4 Radial Radial NNP 35419 1221 5 Section Section NNP 35419 1221 6 , , , 35419 1221 7 life life NN 35419 1221 8 size size NN 35419 1221 9 . . . 35419 1221 10 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1222 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1222 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1222 3 : : : 35419 1222 4 Cross cross NN 35419 1222 5 - - NN 35419 1222 6 section section NNP 35419 1222 7 , , , 35419 1222 8 magnified magnify VBN 35419 1222 9 37 37 CD 35419 1222 10 - - HYPH 35419 1222 11 1/2 1/2 CD 35419 1222 12 diameters diameter NNS 35419 1222 13 . . . 35419 1222 14 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1223 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1223 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1223 3 : : : 35419 1223 4 Tangential Tangential NNP 35419 1223 5 Section Section NNP 35419 1223 6 , , , 35419 1223 7 life life NN 35419 1223 8 size size NN 35419 1223 9 . . . 35419 1223 10 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1224 1 2 2 CD 35419 1224 2 WESTERN WESTERN NNP 35419 1224 3 WHITE WHITE NNP 35419 1224 4 PINE PINE NNP 35419 1224 5 . . . 35419 1225 1 _ _ NNP 35419 1225 2 Pinus Pinus NNP 35419 1225 3 monticola monticola NNP 35419 1225 4 _ _ NNP 35419 1225 5 Douglas Douglas NNP 35419 1225 6 . . . 35419 1226 1 _ _ NNP 35419 1226 2 Pinus Pinus NNP 35419 1226 3 _ _ NNP 35419 1226 4 , , , 35419 1226 5 the the DT 35419 1226 6 classical classical JJ 35419 1226 7 Latin latin JJ 35419 1226 8 name name NN 35419 1226 9 ; ; : 35419 1226 10 _ _ NNP 35419 1226 11 monticola monticola NNP 35419 1226 12 _ _ NNP 35419 1226 13 means mean VBZ 35419 1226 14 mountain mountain NN 35419 1226 15 - - HYPH 35419 1226 16 dweller dweller NN 35419 1226 17 . . . 35419 1227 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1227 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1227 3 : : : 35419 1227 4 Habitat Habitat NNP 35419 1227 5 . . . 35419 1227 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1228 1 HABITAT HABITAT NNP 35419 1228 2 : : : 35419 1228 3 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1228 4 See see VB 35419 1228 5 map map NN 35419 1228 6 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1228 7 ; ; : 35419 1228 8 grows grow VBZ 35419 1228 9 at at IN 35419 1228 10 great great JJ 35419 1228 11 elevations elevation NNS 35419 1228 12 , , , 35419 1228 13 7,000'-10,000 7,000'-10,000 NNP 35419 1228 14 ' ' '' 35419 1228 15 . . . 35419 1229 1 Best well RBS 35419 1229 2 in in IN 35419 1229 3 northern northern JJ 35419 1229 4 Idaho Idaho NNP 35419 1229 5 . . . 35419 1230 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1230 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1230 3 : : : 35419 1230 4 Leaf Leaf NNP 35419 1230 5 . . . 35419 1230 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1231 1 CHARACTERISTICS characteristic NNS 35419 1231 2 OF of IN 35419 1231 3 THE the DT 35419 1231 4 TREE tree NN 35419 1231 5 : : : 35419 1231 6 Height height NN 35419 1231 7 , , , 35419 1231 8 100'-160 100'-160 NNP 35419 1231 9 ' ' POS 35419 1231 10 ; ; : 35419 1231 11 diameter diameter NN 35419 1231 12 , , , 35419 1231 13 4 4 CD 35419 1231 14 ' ' '' 35419 1231 15 to to IN 35419 1231 16 even even RB 35419 1231 17 8 8 CD 35419 1231 18 ' ' '' 35419 1231 19 ; ; : 35419 1231 20 branches branch NNS 35419 1231 21 , , , 35419 1231 22 slender slender NN 35419 1231 23 , , , 35419 1231 24 spreading spread VBG 35419 1231 25 ; ; : 35419 1231 26 bark bark NN 35419 1231 27 , , , 35419 1231 28 gray gray NNP 35419 1231 29 and and CC 35419 1231 30 brown brown NNP 35419 1231 31 , , , 35419 1231 32 divided divide VBN 35419 1231 33 into into IN 35419 1231 34 squarish squarish JJ 35419 1231 35 plates plate NNS 35419 1231 36 by by IN 35419 1231 37 deep deep JJ 35419 1231 38 longitudinal longitudinal JJ 35419 1231 39 and and CC 35419 1231 40 cross cross NN 35419 1231 41 fissures fissure NNS 35419 1231 42 ; ; : 35419 1231 43 leaves leave NNS 35419 1231 44 , , , 35419 1231 45 5 5 CD 35419 1231 46 in in IN 35419 1231 47 sheath sheath NN 35419 1231 48 ; ; , 35419 1231 49 cones cone NNS 35419 1231 50 , , , 35419 1231 51 12"à 12"à NNP 35419 1231 52 � � NNP 35419 1231 53 18 18 CD 35419 1231 54 " " `` 35419 1231 55 long long JJ 35419 1231 56 . . . 35419 1232 1 APPEARANCE APPEARANCE NNP 35419 1232 2 OF of IN 35419 1232 3 WOOD wood NN 35419 1232 4 : : : 35419 1232 5 Color color NN 35419 1232 6 , , , 35419 1232 7 light light NN 35419 1232 8 brown brown JJ 35419 1232 9 or or CC 35419 1232 10 red red JJ 35419 1232 11 , , , 35419 1232 12 sap sap NN 35419 1232 13 - - HYPH 35419 1232 14 wood wood NN 35419 1232 15 nearly nearly RB 35419 1232 16 white white JJ 35419 1232 17 ; ; : 35419 1232 18 non non JJ 35419 1232 19 - - JJ 35419 1232 20 porous porous JJ 35419 1232 21 ; ; : 35419 1232 22 rings ring NNS 35419 1232 23 , , , 35419 1232 24 summer summer NN 35419 1232 25 wood wood NN 35419 1232 26 , , , 35419 1232 27 thin thin JJ 35419 1232 28 and and CC 35419 1232 29 not not RB 35419 1232 30 conspicuous conspicuous JJ 35419 1232 31 ; ; : 35419 1232 32 grain grain NN 35419 1232 33 , , , 35419 1232 34 straight straight JJ 35419 1232 35 ; ; : 35419 1232 36 rays ray NNS 35419 1232 37 , , , 35419 1232 38 numerous numerous JJ 35419 1232 39 , , , 35419 1232 40 obscure obscure JJ 35419 1232 41 ; ; : 35419 1232 42 resin resin NN 35419 1232 43 ducts duct NNS 35419 1232 44 , , , 35419 1232 45 numerous numerous JJ 35419 1232 46 and and CC 35419 1232 47 conspicuous conspicuous JJ 35419 1232 48 tho tho NN 35419 1232 49 not not RB 35419 1232 50 large large JJ 35419 1232 51 . . . 35419 1233 1 PHYSICAL physical NN 35419 1233 2 QUALITIES quality NNS 35419 1233 3 : : : 35419 1233 4 Weight weight NN 35419 1233 5 , , , 35419 1233 6 very very RB 35419 1233 7 light light JJ 35419 1233 8 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1233 9 58th 58th JJ 35419 1233 10 in in IN 35419 1233 11 this this DT 35419 1233 12 list list NN 35419 1233 13 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1233 14 ; ; : 35419 1233 15 24 24 CD 35419 1233 16 lbs lbs NN 35419 1233 17 . . . 35419 1234 1 per per IN 35419 1234 2 cu cu NNP 35419 1234 3 . . . 35419 1235 1 ft ft NNP 35419 1235 2 . . NNP 35419 1235 3 ; ; : 35419 1235 4 sp sp NNP 35419 1235 5 . . . 35419 1236 1 gr gr NNP 35419 1236 2 . . . 35419 1237 1 0.3908 0.3908 CD 35419 1237 2 ; ; : 35419 1237 3 strength strength NN 35419 1237 4 , , , 35419 1237 5 medium medium NN 35419 1237 6 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1237 7 56th 56th NN 35419 1237 8 in in IN 35419 1237 9 this this DT 35419 1237 10 list list NN 35419 1237 11 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1237 12 ; ; , 35419 1237 13 elastic elastic JJ 35419 1237 14 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1237 15 35th 35th NN 35419 1237 16 in in IN 35419 1237 17 this this DT 35419 1237 18 list list NN 35419 1237 19 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1237 20 ; ; : 35419 1237 21 soft soft JJ 35419 1237 22 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1237 23 63d 63d NNS 35419 1237 24 in in IN 35419 1237 25 this this DT 35419 1237 26 list list NN 35419 1237 27 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1237 28 ; ; : 35419 1237 29 shrinkage shrinkage NN 35419 1237 30 , , , 35419 1237 31 3 3 CD 35419 1237 32 per per NN 35419 1237 33 cent cent NN 35419 1237 34 . . . 35419 1238 1 ; ; : 35419 1238 2 warps warps NNP 35419 1238 3 little little JJ 35419 1238 4 ; ; : 35419 1238 5 moderately moderately RB 35419 1238 6 durable durable JJ 35419 1238 7 ; ; : 35419 1238 8 easy easy JJ 35419 1238 9 to to TO 35419 1238 10 work work VB 35419 1238 11 ; ; : 35419 1238 12 splits split VBZ 35419 1238 13 readily readily RB 35419 1238 14 but but CC 35419 1238 15 nails nail NNS 35419 1238 16 well well RB 35419 1238 17 . . . 35419 1239 1 COMMON common JJ 35419 1239 2 USES use NNS 35419 1239 3 : : : 35419 1239 4 Lumber lumber VB 35419 1239 5 for for IN 35419 1239 6 construction construction NN 35419 1239 7 and and CC 35419 1239 8 interior interior JJ 35419 1239 9 finish finish NN 35419 1239 10 . . . 35419 1240 1 REMARKS remarks NN 35419 1240 2 : : : 35419 1240 3 Closely closely RB 35419 1240 4 resembles resemble VBZ 35419 1240 5 _ _ NNP 35419 1240 6 Pinus Pinus NNP 35419 1240 7 Strobus Strobus NNP 35419 1240 8 _ _ NNP 35419 1240 9 in in IN 35419 1240 10 appearance appearance NN 35419 1240 11 and and CC 35419 1240 12 quality quality NN 35419 1240 13 of of IN 35419 1240 14 wood wood NN 35419 1240 15 . . . 35419 1241 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1241 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1241 3 : : : 35419 1241 4 Radial Radial NNP 35419 1241 5 Section Section NNP 35419 1241 6 , , , 35419 1241 7 life life NN 35419 1241 8 size size NN 35419 1241 9 . . . 35419 1241 10 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1242 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1242 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1242 3 : : : 35419 1242 4 Cross cross NN 35419 1242 5 - - NN 35419 1242 6 section section NNP 35419 1242 7 , , , 35419 1242 8 magnified magnify VBN 35419 1242 9 37 37 CD 35419 1242 10 - - HYPH 35419 1242 11 1/2 1/2 CD 35419 1242 12 diameters diameter NNS 35419 1242 13 . . . 35419 1242 14 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1243 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1243 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1243 3 : : : 35419 1243 4 Tangential Tangential NNP 35419 1243 5 Section Section NNP 35419 1243 6 , , , 35419 1243 7 life life NN 35419 1243 8 size size NN 35419 1243 9 . . . 35419 1243 10 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1244 1 3 3 CD 35419 1244 2 SUGAR SUGAR NNP 35419 1244 3 PINE PINE NNP 35419 1244 4 . . . 35419 1245 1 Sugar Sugar NNP 35419 1245 2 refers refer VBZ 35419 1245 3 to to IN 35419 1245 4 sweetish sweetish JJ 35419 1245 5 exudation exudation NN 35419 1245 6 . . . 35419 1246 1 _ _ NNP 35419 1246 2 Pinus Pinus NNP 35419 1246 3 lambertiana lambertiana NNP 35419 1246 4 _ _ NNP 35419 1246 5 Douglas Douglas NNP 35419 1246 6 . . . 35419 1247 1 _ _ NNP 35419 1247 2 Pinus Pinus NNP 35419 1247 3 _ _ NNP 35419 1247 4 , , , 35419 1247 5 the the DT 35419 1247 6 classical classical JJ 35419 1247 7 Latin latin JJ 35419 1247 8 name name NN 35419 1247 9 ; ; : 35419 1247 10 _ _ NNP 35419 1247 11 lambertiana lambertiana NNP 35419 1247 12 _ _ NNP 35419 1247 13 , , , 35419 1247 14 from from IN 35419 1247 15 the the DT 35419 1247 16 botanist botanist NN 35419 1247 17 , , , 35419 1247 18 A. a. NN 35419 1248 1 B. B. NNP 35419 1248 2 Lambert Lambert NNP 35419 1248 3 , , , 35419 1248 4 whose whose WP$ 35419 1248 5 chief chief JJ 35419 1248 6 work work NN 35419 1248 7 was be VBD 35419 1248 8 on on IN 35419 1248 9 Pines Pines NNP 35419 1248 10 . . . 35419 1249 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1249 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1249 3 : : : 35419 1249 4 Habitat Habitat NNP 35419 1249 5 . . . 35419 1249 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1250 1 HABITAT HABITAT NNP 35419 1250 2 : : : 35419 1250 3 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1250 4 See see VB 35419 1250 5 map map NN 35419 1250 6 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1250 7 ; ; : 35419 1250 8 grows grow VBZ 35419 1250 9 on on IN 35419 1250 10 high high JJ 35419 1250 11 elevations elevation NNS 35419 1250 12 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1250 13 5,000 5,000 CD 35419 1250 14 ' ' '' 35419 1250 15 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1250 16 , , , 35419 1250 17 best well RBS 35419 1250 18 in in IN 35419 1250 19 northern northern JJ 35419 1250 20 California California NNP 35419 1250 21 . . . 35419 1251 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1251 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1251 3 : : : 35419 1251 4 Leaf Leaf NNP 35419 1251 5 . . . 35419 1251 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1252 1 CHARACTERISTICS characteristic NNS 35419 1252 2 OF of IN 35419 1252 3 THE the DT 35419 1252 4 TREE tree NN 35419 1252 5 : : : 35419 1252 6 Height height NN 35419 1252 7 , , , 35419 1252 8 100'-300 100'-300 NNP 35419 1252 9 ' ' POS 35419 1252 10 ; ; : 35419 1252 11 diameter diameter NN 35419 1252 12 , , , 35419 1252 13 15"-20 15"-20 CD 35419 1252 14 " " '' 35419 1252 15 ; ; : 35419 1252 16 branches branch NNS 35419 1252 17 , , , 35419 1252 18 in in IN 35419 1252 19 remote remote JJ 35419 1252 20 regular regular JJ 35419 1252 21 whorls whorls NN 35419 1252 22 ; ; : 35419 1252 23 bark bark NN 35419 1252 24 , , , 35419 1252 25 rich rich JJ 35419 1252 26 purple purple NNP 35419 1252 27 or or CC 35419 1252 28 brown brown JJ 35419 1252 29 , , , 35419 1252 30 thick thick JJ 35419 1252 31 , , , 35419 1252 32 deep deep JJ 35419 1252 33 irregular irregular JJ 35419 1252 34 fissures fissure NNS 35419 1252 35 making make VBG 35419 1252 36 long long JJ 35419 1252 37 , , , 35419 1252 38 flaky flaky JJ 35419 1252 39 ridges ridge NNS 35419 1252 40 ; ; : 35419 1252 41 leaves leave NNS 35419 1252 42 , , , 35419 1252 43 stout stout RB 35419 1252 44 , , , 35419 1252 45 rigid rigid JJ 35419 1252 46 , , , 35419 1252 47 in in IN 35419 1252 48 bundles bundle NNS 35419 1252 49 of of IN 35419 1252 50 five five CD 35419 1252 51 ; ; : 35419 1252 52 cones cone NNS 35419 1252 53 , , , 35419 1252 54 10"-18 10"-18 CD 35419 1252 55 " " `` 35419 1252 56 long long JJ 35419 1252 57 . . . 35419 1253 1 APPEARANCE APPEARANCE NNP 35419 1253 2 OF of IN 35419 1253 3 WOOD wood NN 35419 1253 4 : : : 35419 1253 5 Color color NN 35419 1253 6 , , , 35419 1253 7 pinkish pinkish NNP 35419 1253 8 brown brown NNP 35419 1253 9 , , , 35419 1253 10 sap sap NN 35419 1253 11 - - HYPH 35419 1253 12 wood wood NN 35419 1253 13 , , , 35419 1253 14 cream cream NN 35419 1253 15 white white JJ 35419 1253 16 ; ; : 35419 1253 17 non non JJ 35419 1253 18 - - JJ 35419 1253 19 porous porous JJ 35419 1253 20 ; ; : 35419 1253 21 rings ring NNS 35419 1253 22 , , , 35419 1253 23 distinct distinct JJ 35419 1253 24 ; ; : 35419 1253 25 grain grain NN 35419 1253 26 , , , 35419 1253 27 straight straight JJ 35419 1253 28 ; ; : 35419 1253 29 rays ray NNS 35419 1253 30 , , , 35419 1253 31 numerous numerous JJ 35419 1253 32 , , , 35419 1253 33 obscure obscure JJ 35419 1253 34 ; ; : 35419 1253 35 resin resin NN 35419 1253 36 ducts duct NNS 35419 1253 37 , , , 35419 1253 38 numerous numerous JJ 35419 1253 39 , , , 35419 1253 40 large large JJ 35419 1253 41 and and CC 35419 1253 42 conspicuous conspicuous JJ 35419 1253 43 . . . 35419 1254 1 PHYSICAL physical NN 35419 1254 2 QUALITIES quality NNS 35419 1254 3 : : : 35419 1254 4 Weight weight NN 35419 1254 5 , , , 35419 1254 6 very very RB 35419 1254 7 light light JJ 35419 1254 8 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1254 9 61st 61st NN 35419 1254 10 in in IN 35419 1254 11 this this DT 35419 1254 12 list list NN 35419 1254 13 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1254 14 ; ; : 35419 1254 15 22 22 CD 35419 1254 16 lbs lbs NN 35419 1254 17 . . . 35419 1255 1 per per IN 35419 1255 2 cu cu NNP 35419 1255 3 . . . 35419 1256 1 ft ft NNP 35419 1256 2 . . NNP 35419 1256 3 ; ; : 35419 1256 4 sp sp NNP 35419 1256 5 . . . 35419 1257 1 gr gr NNP 35419 1257 2 . . . 35419 1258 1 0.3684 0.3684 NNS 35419 1258 2 ; ; : 35419 1258 3 strength strength NN 35419 1258 4 , , , 35419 1258 5 weak weak JJ 35419 1258 6 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1258 7 59th 59th JJ 35419 1258 8 in in IN 35419 1258 9 this this DT 35419 1258 10 list list NN 35419 1258 11 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1258 12 ; ; : 35419 1258 13 elasticity elasticity NN 35419 1258 14 , , , 35419 1258 15 medium medium NN 35419 1258 16 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1258 17 56th 56th NN 35419 1258 18 in in IN 35419 1258 19 this this DT 35419 1258 20 list list NN 35419 1258 21 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1258 22 ; ; : 35419 1258 23 soft soft JJ 35419 1258 24 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1258 25 53d 53d NNS 35419 1258 26 in in IN 35419 1258 27 this this DT 35419 1258 28 list list NN 35419 1258 29 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1258 30 ; ; : 35419 1258 31 shrinkage shrinkage NN 35419 1258 32 , , , 35419 1258 33 3 3 CD 35419 1258 34 per per NN 35419 1258 35 cent cent NN 35419 1258 36 . . . 35419 1259 1 ; ; : 35419 1259 2 warps warps NNP 35419 1259 3 little little JJ 35419 1259 4 ; ; : 35419 1259 5 durable durable JJ 35419 1259 6 ; ; : 35419 1259 7 easily easily RB 35419 1259 8 worked work VBN 35419 1259 9 ; ; : 35419 1259 10 splits split VBZ 35419 1259 11 little little JJ 35419 1259 12 , , , 35419 1259 13 nails nail NNS 35419 1259 14 well well RB 35419 1259 15 . . . 35419 1260 1 COMMON common JJ 35419 1260 2 USES use NNS 35419 1260 3 : : : 35419 1260 4 Carpentry carpentry NN 35419 1260 5 , , , 35419 1260 6 interior interior JJ 35419 1260 7 finish finish NN 35419 1260 8 , , , 35419 1260 9 doors door NNS 35419 1260 10 , , , 35419 1260 11 blinds blind NNS 35419 1260 12 , , , 35419 1260 13 shingles shingle NNS 35419 1260 14 , , , 35419 1260 15 barrels barrel NNS 35419 1260 16 , , , 35419 1260 17 etc etc FW 35419 1260 18 . . . 35419 1261 1 REMARKS remarks NN 35419 1261 2 : : : 35419 1261 3 Exudes exude NNS 35419 1261 4 a a DT 35419 1261 5 sweet sweet JJ 35419 1261 6 substance substance NN 35419 1261 7 from from IN 35419 1261 8 heart heart NN 35419 1261 9 - - HYPH 35419 1261 10 wood wood NN 35419 1261 11 . . . 35419 1262 1 A a DT 35419 1262 2 magnificent magnificent JJ 35419 1262 3 and and CC 35419 1262 4 important important JJ 35419 1262 5 lumber lumber NN 35419 1262 6 tree tree NN 35419 1262 7 on on IN 35419 1262 8 Pacific Pacific NNP 35419 1262 9 coast coast NN 35419 1262 10 . . . 35419 1263 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1263 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1263 3 : : : 35419 1263 4 Radial Radial NNP 35419 1263 5 Section Section NNP 35419 1263 6 , , , 35419 1263 7 life life NN 35419 1263 8 size size NN 35419 1263 9 . . . 35419 1263 10 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1264 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1264 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1264 3 : : : 35419 1264 4 Cross cross NN 35419 1264 5 - - NN 35419 1264 6 section section NNP 35419 1264 7 , , , 35419 1264 8 magnified magnify VBN 35419 1264 9 37 37 CD 35419 1264 10 - - HYPH 35419 1264 11 1/2 1/2 CD 35419 1264 12 diameters diameter NNS 35419 1264 13 . . . 35419 1264 14 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1265 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1265 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1265 3 : : : 35419 1265 4 Tangential Tangential NNP 35419 1265 5 Section Section NNP 35419 1265 6 , , , 35419 1265 7 life life NN 35419 1265 8 size size NN 35419 1265 9 . . . 35419 1265 10 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1266 1 4 4 CD 35419 1266 2 NORWAY NORWAY NNP 35419 1266 3 PINE PINE NNP 35419 1266 4 . . . 35419 1267 1 RED RED NNP 35419 1267 2 PINE PINE NNP 35419 1267 3 . . . 35419 1268 1 Red red JJ 35419 1268 2 refers refer VBZ 35419 1268 3 to to IN 35419 1268 4 color color NN 35419 1268 5 of of IN 35419 1268 6 bark bark NN 35419 1268 7 . . . 35419 1269 1 _ _ NNP 35419 1269 2 Pinus Pinus NNP 35419 1269 3 resinosa resinosa NNP 35419 1269 4 _ _ NNP 35419 1269 5 Solander Solander NNP 35419 1269 6 . . . 35419 1270 1 _ _ NNP 35419 1270 2 Pinus Pinus NNP 35419 1270 3 _ _ NNP 35419 1270 4 , , , 35419 1270 5 the the DT 35419 1270 6 classical classical JJ 35419 1270 7 Latin latin JJ 35419 1270 8 name name NN 35419 1270 9 ; ; : 35419 1270 10 _ _ NNP 35419 1270 11 resinosa resinosa NNP 35419 1270 12 _ _ NNP 35419 1270 13 refers refer VBZ 35419 1270 14 to to IN 35419 1270 15 very very RB 35419 1270 16 resinous resinous JJ 35419 1270 17 wood wood NN 35419 1270 18 . . . 35419 1271 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1271 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1271 3 : : : 35419 1271 4 Habitat Habitat NNP 35419 1271 5 . . . 35419 1271 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1272 1 HABITAT HABITAT NNP 35419 1272 2 : : : 35419 1272 3 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1272 4 See see VB 35419 1272 5 map map NN 35419 1272 6 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1272 7 ; ; : 35419 1272 8 grows grow VBZ 35419 1272 9 best well RBS 35419 1272 10 in in IN 35419 1272 11 northern northern JJ 35419 1272 12 Michigan Michigan NNP 35419 1272 13 , , , 35419 1272 14 Wisconsin Wisconsin NNP 35419 1272 15 , , , 35419 1272 16 and and CC 35419 1272 17 Minnesota Minnesota NNP 35419 1272 18 . . . 35419 1273 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1273 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1273 3 : : : 35419 1273 4 Leaf Leaf NNP 35419 1273 5 . . . 35419 1273 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1274 1 CHARACTERISTICS characteristic NNS 35419 1274 2 OF of IN 35419 1274 3 THE the DT 35419 1274 4 TREE tree NN 35419 1274 5 : : : 35419 1274 6 Height Height NNP 35419 1274 7 , , , 35419 1274 8 70'-90 70'-90 NNP 35419 1274 9 ' ' '' 35419 1274 10 ; ; : 35419 1274 11 diameter diameter NN 35419 1274 12 , , , 35419 1274 13 2'-3 2'-3 NNP 35419 1274 14 ' ' '' 35419 1274 15 ; ; : 35419 1274 16 tall tall JJ 35419 1274 17 , , , 35419 1274 18 straight straight JJ 35419 1274 19 ; ; : 35419 1274 20 branches branch NNS 35419 1274 21 in in IN 35419 1274 22 whorls whorls NNP 35419 1274 23 , , , 35419 1274 24 low low JJ 35419 1274 25 ; ; : 35419 1274 26 bark bark NN 35419 1274 27 , , , 35419 1274 28 thin thin JJ 35419 1274 29 , , , 35419 1274 30 scaly scaly NNP 35419 1274 31 , , , 35419 1274 32 purplish purplish JJ 35419 1274 33 and and CC 35419 1274 34 reddish reddish JJ 35419 1274 35 - - HYPH 35419 1274 36 brown brown JJ 35419 1274 37 ; ; : 35419 1274 38 longitudinal longitudinal JJ 35419 1274 39 furrows furrow NNS 35419 1274 40 , , , 35419 1274 41 broad broad JJ 35419 1274 42 flat flat JJ 35419 1274 43 ridges ridge NNS 35419 1274 44 ; ; : 35419 1274 45 leaves leave NNS 35419 1274 46 , , , 35419 1274 47 in in IN 35419 1274 48 twos two NNS 35419 1274 49 in in IN 35419 1274 50 long long JJ 35419 1274 51 sheaths sheath NNS 35419 1274 52 ; ; : 35419 1274 53 cones cone NNS 35419 1274 54 , , , 35419 1274 55 2 2 CD 35419 1274 56 " " '' 35419 1274 57 . . . 35419 1275 1 APPEARANCE APPEARANCE NNP 35419 1275 2 OF of IN 35419 1275 3 WOOD wood NN 35419 1275 4 : : : 35419 1275 5 Color color NN 35419 1275 6 of of IN 35419 1275 7 wood wood NN 35419 1275 8 , , , 35419 1275 9 pale pale JJ 35419 1275 10 red red JJ 35419 1275 11 , , , 35419 1275 12 sap sap NN 35419 1275 13 - - HYPH 35419 1275 14 wood wood NN 35419 1275 15 , , , 35419 1275 16 wide wide JJ 35419 1275 17 , , , 35419 1275 18 whitish whitish JJ 35419 1275 19 ; ; : 35419 1275 20 non non JJ 35419 1275 21 - - JJ 35419 1275 22 porous porous JJ 35419 1275 23 ; ; : 35419 1275 24 rings ring NNS 35419 1275 25 summer summer VBP 35419 1275 26 wood wood NN 35419 1275 27 broad broad RB 35419 1275 28 , , , 35419 1275 29 dark dark JJ 35419 1275 30 ; ; : 35419 1275 31 grain grain NN 35419 1275 32 , , , 35419 1275 33 straight straight JJ 35419 1275 34 ; ; : 35419 1275 35 rays ray NNS 35419 1275 36 , , , 35419 1275 37 numerous numerous JJ 35419 1275 38 , , , 35419 1275 39 pronounced pronounced JJ 35419 1275 40 , , , 35419 1275 41 thin thin JJ 35419 1275 42 ; ; : 35419 1275 43 very very RB 35419 1275 44 resinous resinous JJ 35419 1275 45 , , , 35419 1275 46 but but CC 35419 1275 47 ducts duct VBZ 35419 1275 48 small small JJ 35419 1275 49 and and CC 35419 1275 50 few few JJ 35419 1275 51 . . . 35419 1276 1 PHYSICAL physical NN 35419 1276 2 QUALITIES quality NNS 35419 1276 3 : : : 35419 1276 4 Weight weight NN 35419 1276 5 , , , 35419 1276 6 light light NN 35419 1276 7 , , , 35419 1276 8 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1276 9 43d 43d NNS 35419 1276 10 in in IN 35419 1276 11 this this DT 35419 1276 12 list list NN 35419 1276 13 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1276 14 ; ; : 35419 1276 15 31 31 CD 35419 1276 16 lbs lbs NN 35419 1276 17 . . . 35419 1277 1 per per IN 35419 1277 2 cu cu NNP 35419 1277 3 . . . 35419 1278 1 ft ft NNP 35419 1278 2 . . NNP 35419 1278 3 ; ; : 35419 1278 4 sp sp NNP 35419 1278 5 . . . 35419 1279 1 gr gr NNP 35419 1279 2 . . . 35419 1280 1 0.4854 0.4854 CD 35419 1280 2 ; ; : 35419 1280 3 strong strong JJ 35419 1280 4 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1280 5 39th 39th NN 35419 1280 6 in in IN 35419 1280 7 this this DT 35419 1280 8 list list NN 35419 1280 9 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1280 10 ; ; , 35419 1280 11 elastic elastic JJ 35419 1280 12 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1280 13 16th 16th NN 35419 1280 14 in in IN 35419 1280 15 this this DT 35419 1280 16 list list NN 35419 1280 17 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1280 18 ; ; : 35419 1280 19 soft soft JJ 35419 1280 20 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1280 21 48th 48th NN 35419 1280 22 in in IN 35419 1280 23 this this DT 35419 1280 24 list list NN 35419 1280 25 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1280 26 ; ; : 35419 1280 27 shrinkage shrinkage NN 35419 1280 28 , , , 35419 1280 29 3 3 CD 35419 1280 30 per per NN 35419 1280 31 cent cent NN 35419 1280 32 . . . 35419 1281 1 ; ; : 35419 1281 2 warps warps NNP 35419 1281 3 moderately moderately RB 35419 1281 4 ; ; : 35419 1281 5 not not RB 35419 1281 6 durable durable JJ 35419 1281 7 ; ; : 35419 1281 8 easy easy JJ 35419 1281 9 to to TO 35419 1281 10 work work VB 35419 1281 11 ; ; : 35419 1281 12 splits split VBZ 35419 1281 13 readily readily RB 35419 1281 14 , , , 35419 1281 15 nails nail NNS 35419 1281 16 well well RB 35419 1281 17 . . . 35419 1282 1 COMMON common JJ 35419 1282 2 USES use NNS 35419 1282 3 : : : 35419 1282 4 Piles pile NNS 35419 1282 5 , , , 35419 1282 6 electric electric JJ 35419 1282 7 wire wire NN 35419 1282 8 poles pole NNS 35419 1282 9 , , , 35419 1282 10 masts mast NNS 35419 1282 11 , , , 35419 1282 12 flooring flooring NN 35419 1282 13 . . . 35419 1283 1 REMARKS remarks NN 35419 1283 2 : : : 35419 1283 3 Often often RB 35419 1283 4 sold sell VBN 35419 1283 5 with with IN 35419 1283 6 and and CC 35419 1283 7 as as IN 35419 1283 8 white white JJ 35419 1283 9 pine pine NN 35419 1283 10 . . . 35419 1284 1 Resembles resemble VBZ 35419 1284 2 Scotch Scotch NNP 35419 1284 3 pine pine NN 35419 1284 4 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1284 5 _ _ NNP 35419 1284 6 Pinus Pinus NNP 35419 1284 7 sylvestris sylvestris NN 35419 1284 8 _ _ NNP 35419 1284 9 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1284 10 . . . 35419 1285 1 Bark Bark NNP 35419 1285 2 used use VBD 35419 1285 3 to to IN 35419 1285 4 some some DT 35419 1285 5 extent extent NN 35419 1285 6 for for IN 35419 1285 7 tanning tan VBG 35419 1285 8 . . . 35419 1286 1 Grows grow VBZ 35419 1286 2 in in IN 35419 1286 3 open open JJ 35419 1286 4 groves grove NNS 35419 1286 5 . . . 35419 1287 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1287 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1287 3 : : : 35419 1287 4 Radial Radial NNP 35419 1287 5 Section Section NNP 35419 1287 6 , , , 35419 1287 7 life life NN 35419 1287 8 size size NN 35419 1287 9 . . . 35419 1287 10 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1288 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1288 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1288 3 : : : 35419 1288 4 Cross cross NN 35419 1288 5 - - NN 35419 1288 6 section section NNP 35419 1288 7 , , , 35419 1288 8 magnified magnify VBN 35419 1288 9 37 37 CD 35419 1288 10 - - HYPH 35419 1288 11 1/2 1/2 CD 35419 1288 12 diameters diameter NNS 35419 1288 13 . . . 35419 1288 14 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1289 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1289 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1289 3 : : : 35419 1289 4 Tangential Tangential NNP 35419 1289 5 Section Section NNP 35419 1289 6 , , , 35419 1289 7 life life NN 35419 1289 8 size size NN 35419 1289 9 . . . 35419 1289 10 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1290 1 5 5 CD 35419 1290 2 WESTERN WESTERN NNP 35419 1290 3 YELLOW YELLOW NNP 35419 1290 4 PINE PINE NNP 35419 1290 5 . . . 35419 1291 1 BULL BULL NNP 35419 1291 2 PINE PINE NNP 35419 1291 3 . . . 35419 1292 1 Bull bull NN 35419 1292 2 refers refer VBZ 35419 1292 3 to to IN 35419 1292 4 great great JJ 35419 1292 5 size size NN 35419 1292 6 of of IN 35419 1292 7 trunk trunk NN 35419 1292 8 . . . 35419 1293 1 _ _ NNP 35419 1293 2 Pinus Pinus NNP 35419 1293 3 ponderosa ponderosa NNS 35419 1293 4 _ _ NNP 35419 1293 5 Lawson Lawson NNP 35419 1293 6 . . . 35419 1294 1 _ _ NNP 35419 1294 2 Pinus Pinus NNP 35419 1294 3 _ _ NNP 35419 1294 4 , , , 35419 1294 5 the the DT 35419 1294 6 classical classical JJ 35419 1294 7 Latin latin JJ 35419 1294 8 name name NN 35419 1294 9 ; ; : 35419 1294 10 _ _ NNP 35419 1294 11 ponderosa ponderosa NNP 35419 1294 12 _ _ NNP 35419 1294 13 refers refer VBZ 35419 1294 14 to to IN 35419 1294 15 great great JJ 35419 1294 16 size size NN 35419 1294 17 of of IN 35419 1294 18 trunk trunk NN 35419 1294 19 . . . 35419 1295 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1295 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1295 3 : : : 35419 1295 4 Habitat Habitat NNP 35419 1295 5 . . . 35419 1295 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1296 1 HABITAT HABITAT NNP 35419 1296 2 : : : 35419 1296 3 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1296 4 See see VB 35419 1296 5 map map NN 35419 1296 6 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1296 7 ; ; : 35419 1296 8 best well RBS 35419 1296 9 in in IN 35419 1296 10 Rocky Rocky NNP 35419 1296 11 Mountains Mountains NNPS 35419 1296 12 . . . 35419 1297 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1297 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1297 3 : : : 35419 1297 4 Leaf Leaf NNP 35419 1297 5 . . . 35419 1297 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1298 1 CHARACTERISTICS characteristic NNS 35419 1298 2 OF of IN 35419 1298 3 THE the DT 35419 1298 4 TREE tree NN 35419 1298 5 : : : 35419 1298 6 Height height NN 35419 1298 7 , , , 35419 1298 8 100 100 CD 35419 1298 9 ' ' NNS 35419 1298 10 to to IN 35419 1298 11 300 300 CD 35419 1298 12 ' ' POS 35419 1298 13 ; ; : 35419 1298 14 diameter diameter NN 35419 1298 15 , , , 35419 1298 16 6 6 CD 35419 1298 17 ' ' '' 35419 1298 18 to to IN 35419 1298 19 even even RB 35419 1298 20 12 12 CD 35419 1298 21 ' ' NNS 35419 1298 22 ; ; : 35419 1298 23 branches branch NNS 35419 1298 24 , , , 35419 1298 25 low low JJ 35419 1298 26 , , , 35419 1298 27 short short JJ 35419 1298 28 trunk trunk NN 35419 1298 29 ; ; : 35419 1298 30 bark bark NN 35419 1298 31 , , , 35419 1298 32 thick thick JJ 35419 1298 33 , , , 35419 1298 34 dark dark JJ 35419 1298 35 brown brown JJ 35419 1298 36 , , , 35419 1298 37 deep deep JJ 35419 1298 38 , , , 35419 1298 39 meandering meandering NN 35419 1298 40 furrows furrow NNS 35419 1298 41 , , , 35419 1298 42 large large JJ 35419 1298 43 , , , 35419 1298 44 irregular irregular JJ 35419 1298 45 plates plate NNS 35419 1298 46 , , , 35419 1298 47 scaly scaly NNS 35419 1298 48 ; ; : 35419 1298 49 leaves leave NNS 35419 1298 50 , , , 35419 1298 51 in in IN 35419 1298 52 twos two NNS 35419 1298 53 or or CC 35419 1298 54 threes three NNS 35419 1298 55 , , , 35419 1298 56 5 5 CD 35419 1298 57 " " `` 35419 1298 58 to to IN 35419 1298 59 11 11 CD 35419 1298 60 " " `` 35419 1298 61 long long RB 35419 1298 62 ; ; : 35419 1298 63 cones cone NNS 35419 1298 64 3 3 CD 35419 1298 65 " " `` 35419 1298 66 to to IN 35419 1298 67 6 6 CD 35419 1298 68 " " `` 35419 1298 69 long long JJ 35419 1298 70 . . . 35419 1299 1 APPEARANCE APPEARANCE NNP 35419 1299 2 OF of IN 35419 1299 3 WOOD wood NN 35419 1299 4 : : : 35419 1299 5 Color color NN 35419 1299 6 , , , 35419 1299 7 light light NN 35419 1299 8 red red NN 35419 1299 9 , , , 35419 1299 10 sap sap NN 35419 1299 11 - - HYPH 35419 1299 12 wood wood NN 35419 1299 13 , , , 35419 1299 14 thick thick JJ 35419 1299 15 , , , 35419 1299 16 nearly nearly RB 35419 1299 17 white white JJ 35419 1299 18 , , , 35419 1299 19 and and CC 35419 1299 20 very very RB 35419 1299 21 distinct distinct JJ 35419 1299 22 ; ; : 35419 1299 23 non non JJ 35419 1299 24 - - JJ 35419 1299 25 porous porous JJ 35419 1299 26 ; ; : 35419 1299 27 rings ring NNS 35419 1299 28 , , , 35419 1299 29 conspicuous conspicuous JJ 35419 1299 30 ; ; : 35419 1299 31 grain grain NN 35419 1299 32 , , , 35419 1299 33 straight straight JJ 35419 1299 34 ; ; : 35419 1299 35 rays ray NNS 35419 1299 36 , , , 35419 1299 37 numerous numerous JJ 35419 1299 38 , , , 35419 1299 39 obscure obscure JJ 35419 1299 40 ; ; : 35419 1299 41 very very RB 35419 1299 42 resinous resinous JJ 35419 1299 43 but but CC 35419 1299 44 ducts duct VBZ 35419 1299 45 small small JJ 35419 1299 46 . . . 35419 1300 1 PHYSICAL physical NN 35419 1300 2 QUALITIES quality NNS 35419 1300 3 : : : 35419 1300 4 Weight weight NN 35419 1300 5 , , , 35419 1300 6 light light NN 35419 1300 7 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1300 8 44th 44th NN 35419 1300 9 in in IN 35419 1300 10 this this DT 35419 1300 11 list list NN 35419 1300 12 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1300 13 ; ; : 35419 1300 14 25 25 CD 35419 1300 15 - - SYM 35419 1300 16 30 30 CD 35419 1300 17 lbs lbs NN 35419 1300 18 . . . 35419 1301 1 per per IN 35419 1301 2 cu cu NNP 35419 1301 3 . . . 35419 1302 1 ft ft NNP 35419 1302 2 . . NNP 35419 1302 3 ; ; : 35419 1302 4 sp sp NNP 35419 1302 5 . . . 35419 1303 1 gr gr NNP 35419 1303 2 . . . 35419 1304 1 0.4715 0.4715 CD 35419 1304 2 ; ; : 35419 1304 3 strength strength NN 35419 1304 4 , , , 35419 1304 5 medium medium NN 35419 1304 6 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1304 7 45th 45th NN 35419 1304 8 in in IN 35419 1304 9 this this DT 35419 1304 10 list list NN 35419 1304 11 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1304 12 ; ; : 35419 1304 13 elasticity elasticity NN 35419 1304 14 , , , 35419 1304 15 medium medium NN 35419 1304 16 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1304 17 41st 41st NN 35419 1304 18 in in IN 35419 1304 19 this this DT 35419 1304 20 list list NN 35419 1304 21 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1304 22 ; ; : 35419 1304 23 hardness hardness NN 35419 1304 24 , , , 35419 1304 25 medium medium NN 35419 1304 26 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1304 27 42nd 42nd NN 35419 1304 28 in in IN 35419 1304 29 this this DT 35419 1304 30 list list NN 35419 1304 31 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1304 32 ; ; : 35419 1304 33 shrinkage shrinkage NN 35419 1304 34 , , , 35419 1304 35 4 4 CD 35419 1304 36 per per NN 35419 1304 37 cent cent NN 35419 1304 38 . . . 35419 1305 1 ; ; : 35419 1305 2 warps warps NNP 35419 1305 3 ........... ........... NFP 35419 1305 4 ; ; : 35419 1305 5 not not RB 35419 1305 6 durable durable JJ 35419 1305 7 ; ; : 35419 1305 8 hard hard JJ 35419 1305 9 to to TO 35419 1305 10 work work VB 35419 1305 11 , , , 35419 1305 12 brittle brittle VB 35419 1305 13 ; ; : 35419 1305 14 splits split VBZ 35419 1305 15 easily easily RB 35419 1305 16 in in IN 35419 1305 17 nailing nail VBG 35419 1305 18 . . . 35419 1306 1 COMMON common JJ 35419 1306 2 USES use NNS 35419 1306 3 : : : 35419 1306 4 Lumber lumber NN 35419 1306 5 , , , 35419 1306 6 railway railway NN 35419 1306 7 ties tie NNS 35419 1306 8 , , , 35419 1306 9 mine mine NN 35419 1306 10 timbers timber NNS 35419 1306 11 . . . 35419 1307 1 REMARKS remarks NN 35419 1307 2 : : : 35419 1307 3 Forms form NNS 35419 1307 4 extensive extensive JJ 35419 1307 5 open open JJ 35419 1307 6 forests forest NNS 35419 1307 7 . . . 35419 1308 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1308 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1308 3 : : : 35419 1308 4 Radial Radial NNP 35419 1308 5 Section Section NNP 35419 1308 6 , , , 35419 1308 7 life life NN 35419 1308 8 size size NN 35419 1308 9 . . . 35419 1308 10 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1309 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1309 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1309 3 : : : 35419 1309 4 Cross cross NN 35419 1309 5 - - NN 35419 1309 6 section section NNP 35419 1309 7 , , , 35419 1309 8 magnified magnify VBN 35419 1309 9 37 37 CD 35419 1309 10 - - HYPH 35419 1309 11 1/2 1/2 CD 35419 1309 12 diameters diameter NNS 35419 1309 13 . . . 35419 1309 14 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1310 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1310 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1310 3 : : : 35419 1310 4 Tangential Tangential NNP 35419 1310 5 Section Section NNP 35419 1310 6 , , , 35419 1310 7 life life NN 35419 1310 8 size size NN 35419 1310 9 . . . 35419 1310 10 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1311 1 6 6 CD 35419 1311 2 LONG long JJ 35419 1311 3 - - HYPH 35419 1311 4 LEAF leaf NN 35419 1311 5 PINE PINE NNP 35419 1311 6 . . . 35419 1312 1 GEORGIA GEORGIA NNP 35419 1312 2 PINE PINE NNP 35419 1312 3 . . . 35419 1313 1 _ _ NNP 35419 1313 2 Pinus Pinus NNP 35419 1313 3 palustris palustris NN 35419 1313 4 _ _ NNP 35419 1313 5 Miller Miller NNP 35419 1313 6 . . . 35419 1314 1 _ _ NNP 35419 1314 2 Pinus Pinus NNP 35419 1314 3 _ _ NNP 35419 1314 4 , , , 35419 1314 5 the the DT 35419 1314 6 classical classical JJ 35419 1314 7 Latin latin JJ 35419 1314 8 name name NN 35419 1314 9 ; ; : 35419 1314 10 _ _ NNP 35419 1314 11 palustris palustris NNP 35419 1314 12 _ _ NNP 35419 1314 13 means mean VBZ 35419 1314 14 swampy swampy NNP 35419 1314 15 , , , 35419 1314 16 inappropriate inappropriate JJ 35419 1314 17 here here RB 35419 1314 18 . . . 35419 1315 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1315 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1315 3 : : : 35419 1315 4 Habitat Habitat NNP 35419 1315 5 . . . 35419 1315 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1316 1 HABITAT HABITAT NNP 35419 1316 2 : : : 35419 1316 3 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1316 4 See see VB 35419 1316 5 map map NN 35419 1316 6 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1316 7 ; ; : 35419 1316 8 best well RBS 35419 1316 9 in in IN 35419 1316 10 Louisiana Louisiana NNP 35419 1316 11 and and CC 35419 1316 12 East East NNP 35419 1316 13 Texas Texas NNP 35419 1316 14 . . . 35419 1317 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1317 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1317 3 : : : 35419 1317 4 Leaf Leaf NNP 35419 1317 5 . . . 35419 1317 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1318 1 CHARACTERISTICS characteristic NNS 35419 1318 2 OF of IN 35419 1318 3 THE the DT 35419 1318 4 TREE tree NN 35419 1318 5 : : : 35419 1318 6 Height height NN 35419 1318 7 , , , 35419 1318 8 80'-100 80'-100 CD 35419 1318 9 ' ' CD 35419 1318 10 ; ; : 35419 1318 11 diameter diameter NN 35419 1318 12 , , , 35419 1318 13 2'-3 2'-3 NNP 35419 1318 14 ' ' '' 35419 1318 15 ; ; : 35419 1318 16 trunk trunk NN 35419 1318 17 , , , 35419 1318 18 straight straight JJ 35419 1318 19 , , , 35419 1318 20 clean clean JJ 35419 1318 21 , , , 35419 1318 22 branches branch VBZ 35419 1318 23 high high JJ 35419 1318 24 ; ; : 35419 1318 25 bark bark NN 35419 1318 26 , , , 35419 1318 27 light light NNP 35419 1318 28 brown brown NNP 35419 1318 29 , , , 35419 1318 30 large large JJ 35419 1318 31 , , , 35419 1318 32 thin thin JJ 35419 1318 33 , , , 35419 1318 34 irregular irregular JJ 35419 1318 35 papery papery NN 35419 1318 36 scales scale NNS 35419 1318 37 ; ; : 35419 1318 38 leaves leave VBZ 35419 1318 39 8"-12 8"-12 NNP 35419 1318 40 " " `` 35419 1318 41 long long JJ 35419 1318 42 , , , 35419 1318 43 3 3 CD 35419 1318 44 in in IN 35419 1318 45 a a DT 35419 1318 46 sheath sheath NN 35419 1318 47 ; ; : 35419 1318 48 cones cone NNS 35419 1318 49 6"-10 6"-10 NN 35419 1318 50 " " `` 35419 1318 51 long long JJ 35419 1318 52 . . . 35419 1319 1 APPEARANCE APPEARANCE NNP 35419 1319 2 OF of IN 35419 1319 3 WOOD wood NN 35419 1319 4 : : : 35419 1319 5 Heart heart NN 35419 1319 6 - - HYPH 35419 1319 7 wood wood NN 35419 1319 8 , , , 35419 1319 9 spring spring NN 35419 1319 10 wood wood NN 35419 1319 11 light light NN 35419 1319 12 yellow yellow NNP 35419 1319 13 , , , 35419 1319 14 summer summer NN 35419 1319 15 wood wood NN 35419 1319 16 , , , 35419 1319 17 red red NNP 35419 1319 18 brown brown NNP 35419 1319 19 ; ; : 35419 1319 20 sap sap NNP 35419 1319 21 wood wood NNP 35419 1319 22 , , , 35419 1319 23 lighter light JJR 35419 1319 24 ; ; , 35419 1319 25 non non JJ 35419 1319 26 - - JJ 35419 1319 27 porous porous JJ 35419 1319 28 ; ; : 35419 1319 29 rings ring NNS 35419 1319 30 , , , 35419 1319 31 very very RB 35419 1319 32 plain plain JJ 35419 1319 33 and and CC 35419 1319 34 strongly strongly RB 35419 1319 35 marked marked JJ 35419 1319 36 ; ; : 35419 1319 37 grain grain NN 35419 1319 38 , , , 35419 1319 39 straight straight JJ 35419 1319 40 ; ; : 35419 1319 41 rays ray NNS 35419 1319 42 , , , 35419 1319 43 numerous numerous JJ 35419 1319 44 , , , 35419 1319 45 conspicuous conspicuous JJ 35419 1319 46 ; ; : 35419 1319 47 very very RB 35419 1319 48 resinous resinous JJ 35419 1319 49 , , , 35419 1319 50 but but CC 35419 1319 51 resin resin NN 35419 1319 52 ducts duct NNS 35419 1319 53 few few JJ 35419 1319 54 and and CC 35419 1319 55 not not RB 35419 1319 56 large large JJ 35419 1319 57 . . . 35419 1320 1 PHYSICAL PHYSICAL NNP 35419 1320 2 QUALITIES quality NNS 35419 1320 3 : : : 35419 1320 4 Heavy heavy JJ 35419 1320 5 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1320 6 18th 18th NN 35419 1320 7 in in IN 35419 1320 8 this this DT 35419 1320 9 list list NN 35419 1320 10 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1320 11 ; ; : 35419 1320 12 38 38 CD 35419 1320 13 lbs lbs NN 35419 1320 14 . . . 35419 1321 1 per per IN 35419 1321 2 cu cu NNP 35419 1321 3 . . . 35419 1322 1 ft ft NNP 35419 1322 2 . . NNP 35419 1322 3 ; ; : 35419 1322 4 sp sp NNP 35419 1322 5 . . . 35419 1323 1 gr gr NNP 35419 1323 2 . . . 35419 1324 1 0.6999 0.6999 LS 35419 1324 2 ; ; : 35419 1324 3 very very RB 35419 1324 4 strong strong JJ 35419 1324 5 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1324 6 7th 7th NN 35419 1324 7 in in IN 35419 1324 8 this this DT 35419 1324 9 list list NN 35419 1324 10 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1324 11 ; ; : 35419 1324 12 very very RB 35419 1324 13 elastic elastic JJ 35419 1324 14 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1324 15 4th 4th NN 35419 1324 16 in in IN 35419 1324 17 this this DT 35419 1324 18 list list NN 35419 1324 19 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1324 20 ; ; : 35419 1324 21 hardness hardness NN 35419 1324 22 , , , 35419 1324 23 medium medium JJ 35419 1324 24 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1324 25 33d 33d NNS 35419 1324 26 in in IN 35419 1324 27 this this DT 35419 1324 28 list list NN 35419 1324 29 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1324 30 ; ; : 35419 1324 31 shrinkage shrinkage NN 35419 1324 32 , , , 35419 1324 33 4 4 CD 35419 1324 34 per per NN 35419 1324 35 cent cent NN 35419 1324 36 . . . 35419 1325 1 ; ; : 35419 1325 2 warps warps NNP 35419 1325 3 very very RB 35419 1325 4 little little RB 35419 1325 5 ; ; : 35419 1325 6 quite quite RB 35419 1325 7 durable durable JJ 35419 1325 8 ; ; : 35419 1325 9 works work VBZ 35419 1325 10 hard hard RB 35419 1325 11 , , , 35419 1325 12 tough tough JJ 35419 1325 13 ; ; : 35419 1325 14 splits split NNS 35419 1325 15 badly badly RB 35419 1325 16 in in IN 35419 1325 17 nailing nail VBG 35419 1325 18 . . . 35419 1326 1 COMMON common JJ 35419 1326 2 USES use NNS 35419 1326 3 : : : 35419 1326 4 Joists joist NNS 35419 1326 5 , , , 35419 1326 6 beams beam NNS 35419 1326 7 , , , 35419 1326 8 bridge bridge NN 35419 1326 9 and and CC 35419 1326 10 building building NN 35419 1326 11 trusses truss NNS 35419 1326 12 , , , 35419 1326 13 interior interior JJ 35419 1326 14 finish finish NN 35419 1326 15 , , , 35419 1326 16 ship ship NN 35419 1326 17 building building NN 35419 1326 18 , , , 35419 1326 19 and and CC 35419 1326 20 general general JJ 35419 1326 21 construction construction NN 35419 1326 22 work work NN 35419 1326 23 . . . 35419 1327 1 REMARKS remarks NN 35419 1327 2 : : : 35419 1327 3 Almost almost RB 35419 1327 4 exclusively exclusively RB 35419 1327 5 the the DT 35419 1327 6 source source NN 35419 1327 7 of of IN 35419 1327 8 turpentine turpentine NN 35419 1327 9 , , , 35419 1327 10 tar tar NN 35419 1327 11 , , , 35419 1327 12 pitch pitch NN 35419 1327 13 and and CC 35419 1327 14 resin resin NN 35419 1327 15 in in IN 35419 1327 16 the the DT 35419 1327 17 United United NNP 35419 1327 18 States States NNP 35419 1327 19 . . . 35419 1328 1 Known know VBN 35419 1328 2 in in IN 35419 1328 3 the the DT 35419 1328 4 English english JJ 35419 1328 5 market market NN 35419 1328 6 as as IN 35419 1328 7 pitch pitch NN 35419 1328 8 pine pine NN 35419 1328 9 . . . 35419 1329 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1329 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1329 3 : : : 35419 1329 4 Radial Radial NNP 35419 1329 5 Section Section NNP 35419 1329 6 , , , 35419 1329 7 life life NN 35419 1329 8 size size NN 35419 1329 9 . . . 35419 1329 10 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1330 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1330 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1330 3 : : : 35419 1330 4 Cross cross NN 35419 1330 5 - - NN 35419 1330 6 section section NNP 35419 1330 7 , , , 35419 1330 8 magnified magnify VBN 35419 1330 9 37 37 CD 35419 1330 10 - - HYPH 35419 1330 11 1/2 1/2 CD 35419 1330 12 diameters diameter NNS 35419 1330 13 . . . 35419 1330 14 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1331 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1331 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1331 3 : : : 35419 1331 4 Tangential Tangential NNP 35419 1331 5 Section Section NNP 35419 1331 6 , , , 35419 1331 7 life life NN 35419 1331 8 size size NN 35419 1331 9 . . . 35419 1331 10 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1332 1 7 7 CD 35419 1332 2 SHORT SHORT NNP 35419 1332 3 - - HYPH 35419 1332 4 LEAF leaf NN 35419 1332 5 PINE PINE NNP 35419 1332 6 . . . 35419 1333 1 YELLOW YELLOW NNP 35419 1333 2 PINE PINE NNP 35419 1333 3 . . . 35419 1334 1 _ _ NNP 35419 1334 2 Pinus Pinus NNP 35419 1334 3 echinata echinata NN 35419 1334 4 _ _ NNP 35419 1334 5 Miller Miller NNP 35419 1334 6 . . . 35419 1335 1 _ _ NNP 35419 1335 2 Pinus Pinus NNP 35419 1335 3 _ _ NNP 35419 1335 4 , , , 35419 1335 5 the the DT 35419 1335 6 classical classical JJ 35419 1335 7 Latin latin JJ 35419 1335 8 name name NN 35419 1335 9 ; ; : 35419 1335 10 _ _ NNP 35419 1335 11 echinata echinata NN 35419 1335 12 _ _ NNP 35419 1335 13 refers refer VBZ 35419 1335 14 to to IN 35419 1335 15 spiny spiny NNP 35419 1335 16 cones cone NNS 35419 1335 17 . . . 35419 1336 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1336 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1336 3 : : : 35419 1336 4 Habitat Habitat NNP 35419 1336 5 . . . 35419 1336 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1337 1 HABITAT HABITAT NNP 35419 1337 2 : : : 35419 1337 3 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1337 4 See see VB 35419 1337 5 map map NN 35419 1337 6 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1337 7 ; ; : 35419 1337 8 best well RBS 35419 1337 9 in in IN 35419 1337 10 lower low JJR 35419 1337 11 Mississippi Mississippi NNP 35419 1337 12 basin basin NN 35419 1337 13 . . . 35419 1338 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1338 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1338 3 : : : 35419 1338 4 Leaf Leaf NNP 35419 1338 5 . . . 35419 1338 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1339 1 CHARACTERISTICS characteristic NNS 35419 1339 2 OF of IN 35419 1339 3 THE the DT 35419 1339 4 TREE tree NN 35419 1339 5 : : : 35419 1339 6 Straight straight JJ 35419 1339 7 , , , 35419 1339 8 tall tall JJ 35419 1339 9 trunk trunk NN 35419 1339 10 , , , 35419 1339 11 sometimes sometimes RB 35419 1339 12 100 100 CD 35419 1339 13 ' ' `` 35419 1339 14 high high JJ 35419 1339 15 ; ; : 35419 1339 16 branches branch NNS 35419 1339 17 high high JJ 35419 1339 18 ; ; : 35419 1339 19 diameter diameter NN 35419 1339 20 2'-4 2'-4 CD 35419 1339 21 ' ' '' 35419 1339 22 ; ; : 35419 1339 23 bark bark NN 35419 1339 24 , , , 35419 1339 25 pale pale JJ 35419 1339 26 grayish grayish NN 35419 1339 27 red red JJ 35419 1339 28 - - HYPH 35419 1339 29 brown brown JJ 35419 1339 30 , , , 35419 1339 31 fissures fissure VBZ 35419 1339 32 , , , 35419 1339 33 running run VBG 35419 1339 34 helter helter NN 35419 1339 35 - - HYPH 35419 1339 36 skelter skelter JJ 35419 1339 37 , , , 35419 1339 38 making make VBG 35419 1339 39 large large JJ 35419 1339 40 irregular irregular JJ 35419 1339 41 plates plate NNS 35419 1339 42 , , , 35419 1339 43 covered cover VBN 35419 1339 44 with with IN 35419 1339 45 small small JJ 35419 1339 46 scales scale NNS 35419 1339 47 ; ; , 35419 1339 48 leaves leave NNS 35419 1339 49 in in IN 35419 1339 50 twos two NNS 35419 1339 51 , , , 35419 1339 52 3 3 CD 35419 1339 53 " " `` 35419 1339 54 long long RB 35419 1339 55 ; ; : 35419 1339 56 cones cone NNS 35419 1339 57 small small JJ 35419 1339 58 . . . 35419 1340 1 APPEARANCE APPEARANCE NNP 35419 1340 2 OF of IN 35419 1340 3 WOOD wood NN 35419 1340 4 : : : 35419 1340 5 Color color NN 35419 1340 6 , , , 35419 1340 7 heartwood heartwood NN 35419 1340 8 , , , 35419 1340 9 summer summer NN 35419 1340 10 wood wood NN 35419 1340 11 , , , 35419 1340 12 red red NN 35419 1340 13 , , , 35419 1340 14 spring spring NN 35419 1340 15 - - HYPH 35419 1340 16 wood wood NN 35419 1340 17 , , , 35419 1340 18 yellow yellow NN 35419 1340 19 ; ; : 35419 1340 20 sap sap NN 35419 1340 21 - - HYPH 35419 1340 22 wood wood NN 35419 1340 23 , , , 35419 1340 24 lighter light JJR 35419 1340 25 ; ; , 35419 1340 26 non non JJ 35419 1340 27 - - JJ 35419 1340 28 porous porous JJ 35419 1340 29 ; ; : 35419 1340 30 annual annual JJ 35419 1340 31 rings ring NNS 35419 1340 32 very very RB 35419 1340 33 plain plain JJ 35419 1340 34 , , , 35419 1340 35 sharp sharp JJ 35419 1340 36 contrast contrast NN 35419 1340 37 between between IN 35419 1340 38 spring spring NN 35419 1340 39 and and CC 35419 1340 40 summer summer NN 35419 1340 41 wood wood NN 35419 1340 42 ; ; , 35419 1340 43 grain grain NN 35419 1340 44 , , , 35419 1340 45 straight straight JJ 35419 1340 46 , , , 35419 1340 47 coarse coarse JJ 35419 1340 48 ; ; : 35419 1340 49 rays ray NNS 35419 1340 50 , , , 35419 1340 51 numerous numerous JJ 35419 1340 52 , , , 35419 1340 53 conspicuous conspicuous JJ 35419 1340 54 ; ; : 35419 1340 55 very very RB 35419 1340 56 resinous resinous JJ 35419 1340 57 , , , 35419 1340 58 ducts duct VBZ 35419 1340 59 large large JJ 35419 1340 60 and and CC 35419 1340 61 many many JJ 35419 1340 62 . . . 35419 1341 1 PHYSICAL physical NN 35419 1341 2 QUALITIES quality NNS 35419 1341 3 : : : 35419 1341 4 Weight weight NN 35419 1341 5 , , , 35419 1341 6 medium medium NN 35419 1341 7 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1341 8 32nd 32nd NN 35419 1341 9 in in IN 35419 1341 10 this this DT 35419 1341 11 list list NN 35419 1341 12 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1341 13 ; ; : 35419 1341 14 32 32 CD 35419 1341 15 lbs lbs NN 35419 1341 16 . . . 35419 1342 1 per per IN 35419 1342 2 cu cu NNP 35419 1342 3 . . . 35419 1343 1 ft ft NNP 35419 1343 2 . . NNP 35419 1343 3 ; ; : 35419 1343 4 sp sp NNP 35419 1343 5 . . . 35419 1344 1 gr gr NNP 35419 1344 2 . . NNP 35419 1344 3 , , , 35419 1344 4 0.6104 0.6104 CD 35419 1344 5 ; ; : 35419 1344 6 very very RB 35419 1344 7 strong strong JJ 35419 1344 8 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1344 9 18th 18th NN 35419 1344 10 in in IN 35419 1344 11 this this DT 35419 1344 12 list list NN 35419 1344 13 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1344 14 ; ; : 35419 1344 15 very very RB 35419 1344 16 elastic elastic JJ 35419 1344 17 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1344 18 8th 8th NN 35419 1344 19 in in IN 35419 1344 20 this this DT 35419 1344 21 list list NN 35419 1344 22 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1344 23 ; ; : 35419 1344 24 soft soft JJ 35419 1344 25 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1344 26 38th 38th NN 35419 1344 27 in in IN 35419 1344 28 this this DT 35419 1344 29 list list NN 35419 1344 30 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1344 31 ; ; : 35419 1344 32 shrinkage shrinkage NN 35419 1344 33 , , , 35419 1344 34 4 4 CD 35419 1344 35 per per NN 35419 1344 36 cent cent NN 35419 1344 37 . . . 35419 1345 1 ; ; : 35419 1345 2 warps warps NNP 35419 1345 3 little little JJ 35419 1345 4 ; ; : 35419 1345 5 durable durable JJ 35419 1345 6 ; ; : 35419 1345 7 troublesome troublesome JJ 35419 1345 8 to to TO 35419 1345 9 work work VB 35419 1345 10 ; ; : 35419 1345 11 likely likely JJ 35419 1345 12 to to TO 35419 1345 13 split split VB 35419 1345 14 along along RP 35419 1345 15 annual annual JJ 35419 1345 16 rings ring NNS 35419 1345 17 in in IN 35419 1345 18 nailing nail VBG 35419 1345 19 . . . 35419 1346 1 COMMON common JJ 35419 1346 2 USES use NNS 35419 1346 3 : : : 35419 1346 4 Heavy heavy JJ 35419 1346 5 construction construction NN 35419 1346 6 , , , 35419 1346 7 railroad railroad NN 35419 1346 8 ties tie NNS 35419 1346 9 , , , 35419 1346 10 house house NNP 35419 1346 11 trim trim NN 35419 1346 12 , , , 35419 1346 13 ship ship NN 35419 1346 14 building building NN 35419 1346 15 , , , 35419 1346 16 cars car NNS 35419 1346 17 , , , 35419 1346 18 docks dock NNS 35419 1346 19 , , , 35419 1346 20 bridges bridge NNS 35419 1346 21 . . . 35419 1347 1 REMARKS remarks NN 35419 1347 2 : : : 35419 1347 3 Wood wood NN 35419 1347 4 hardly hardly RB 35419 1347 5 distinguishable distinguishable JJ 35419 1347 6 from from IN 35419 1347 7 long long JJ 35419 1347 8 - - HYPH 35419 1347 9 leaf leaf NN 35419 1347 10 pine pine NN 35419 1347 11 . . . 35419 1348 1 Often often RB 35419 1348 2 forms form NNS 35419 1348 3 pure pure JJ 35419 1348 4 forests forest NNS 35419 1348 5 . . . 35419 1349 1 The the DT 35419 1349 2 most most RBS 35419 1349 3 desirable desirable JJ 35419 1349 4 yellow yellow JJ 35419 1349 5 pine pine NN 35419 1349 6 , , , 35419 1349 7 much much RB 35419 1349 8 less less RBR 35419 1349 9 resinous resinous JJ 35419 1349 10 and and CC 35419 1349 11 more more RBR 35419 1349 12 easily easily RB 35419 1349 13 worked work VBN 35419 1349 14 than than IN 35419 1349 15 others other NNS 35419 1349 16 . . . 35419 1350 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1350 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1350 3 : : : 35419 1350 4 Radial Radial NNP 35419 1350 5 Section Section NNP 35419 1350 6 , , , 35419 1350 7 life life NN 35419 1350 8 size size NN 35419 1350 9 . . . 35419 1350 10 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1351 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1351 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1351 3 : : : 35419 1351 4 Cross cross NN 35419 1351 5 - - NN 35419 1351 6 section section NNP 35419 1351 7 , , , 35419 1351 8 magnified magnify VBN 35419 1351 9 37 37 CD 35419 1351 10 - - HYPH 35419 1351 11 1/2 1/2 CD 35419 1351 12 diameters diameter NNS 35419 1351 13 . . . 35419 1351 14 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1352 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1352 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1352 3 : : : 35419 1352 4 Tangential Tangential NNP 35419 1352 5 Section Section NNP 35419 1352 6 , , , 35419 1352 7 life life NN 35419 1352 8 size size NN 35419 1352 9 . . . 35419 1352 10 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1353 1 8 8 CD 35419 1353 2 LOBLOLLY LOBLOLLY NNP 35419 1353 3 PINE PINE NNP 35419 1353 4 . . . 35419 1354 1 OLD old JJ 35419 1354 2 FIELD FIELD NNP 35419 1354 3 PINE pine NN 35419 1354 4 . . . 35419 1355 1 _ _ NNP 35419 1355 2 Loblolly Loblolly NNP 35419 1355 3 _ _ NNP 35419 1355 4 may may MD 35419 1355 5 refer refer VB 35419 1355 6 to to IN 35419 1355 7 the the DT 35419 1355 8 inferiority inferiority NN 35419 1355 9 of of IN 35419 1355 10 the the DT 35419 1355 11 wood wood NN 35419 1355 12 ; ; , 35419 1355 13 old old JJ 35419 1355 14 field field NN 35419 1355 15 refers refer VBZ 35419 1355 16 to to IN 35419 1355 17 habit habit NN 35419 1355 18 of of IN 35419 1355 19 spontaneous spontaneous JJ 35419 1355 20 growth growth NN 35419 1355 21 on on IN 35419 1355 22 old old JJ 35419 1355 23 fields field NNS 35419 1355 24 . . . 35419 1356 1 _ _ NNP 35419 1356 2 Pinus Pinus NNP 35419 1356 3 taeda taeda NN 35419 1356 4 _ _ NNP 35419 1356 5 Linnaeus Linnaeus NNP 35419 1356 6 . . . 35419 1357 1 _ _ NNP 35419 1357 2 Pinus Pinus NNP 35419 1357 3 _ _ NNP 35419 1357 4 , , , 35419 1357 5 the the DT 35419 1357 6 classical classical JJ 35419 1357 7 Latin latin JJ 35419 1357 8 name name NN 35419 1357 9 ; ; : 35419 1357 10 _ _ NNP 35419 1357 11 taeda taeda NN 35419 1357 12 _ _ NNP 35419 1357 13 , , , 35419 1357 14 the the DT 35419 1357 15 classical classical JJ 35419 1357 16 Latin Latin NNP 35419 1357 17 name name NN 35419 1357 18 for for IN 35419 1357 19 pitch pitch NN 35419 1357 20 - - HYPH 35419 1357 21 pine pine NN 35419 1357 22 , , , 35419 1357 23 which which WDT 35419 1357 24 was be VBD 35419 1357 25 used use VBN 35419 1357 26 for for IN 35419 1357 27 torches torch NNS 35419 1357 28 . . . 35419 1358 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1358 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1358 3 : : : 35419 1358 4 Habitat Habitat NNP 35419 1358 5 . . . 35419 1358 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1359 1 HABITAT HABITAT NNP 35419 1359 2 : : : 35419 1359 3 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1359 4 See see VB 35419 1359 5 map map NN 35419 1359 6 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1359 7 ; ; : 35419 1359 8 grows grow VBZ 35419 1359 9 best well RBS 35419 1359 10 in in IN 35419 1359 11 eastern eastern JJ 35419 1359 12 Virginia Virginia NNP 35419 1359 13 , , , 35419 1359 14 and and CC 35419 1359 15 eastern eastern JJ 35419 1359 16 North North NNP 35419 1359 17 Carolina Carolina NNP 35419 1359 18 . . . 35419 1360 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1360 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1360 3 : : : 35419 1360 4 Leaf Leaf NNP 35419 1360 5 . . . 35419 1360 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1361 1 CHARACTERISTICS characteristic NNS 35419 1361 2 OF of IN 35419 1361 3 THE the DT 35419 1361 4 TREE tree NN 35419 1361 5 : : : 35419 1361 6 Height height NN 35419 1361 7 , , , 35419 1361 8 100'-150 100'-150 CD 35419 1361 9 ' ' POS 35419 1361 10 ; ; : 35419 1361 11 diameter diameter NN 35419 1361 12 , , , 35419 1361 13 often often RB 35419 1361 14 4'-5 4'-5 CD 35419 1361 15 ' ' '' 35419 1361 16 ; ; : 35419 1361 17 branches branch NNS 35419 1361 18 high high JJ 35419 1361 19 ; ; : 35419 1361 20 bark bark NN 35419 1361 21 , , , 35419 1361 22 purplish purplish NNP 35419 1361 23 brown brown NNP 35419 1361 24 , , , 35419 1361 25 shallow shallow JJ 35419 1361 26 , , , 35419 1361 27 meandering meandering NN 35419 1361 28 fissures fissure NNS 35419 1361 29 , , , 35419 1361 30 broad broad JJ 35419 1361 31 , , , 35419 1361 32 flat flat JJ 35419 1361 33 , , , 35419 1361 34 scaly scaly NNP 35419 1361 35 ridges ridge NNS 35419 1361 36 ; ; : 35419 1361 37 leaves leave NNS 35419 1361 38 , , , 35419 1361 39 3 3 CD 35419 1361 40 in in IN 35419 1361 41 sheath sheath NN 35419 1361 42 , , , 35419 1361 43 4"-7 4"-7 NNP 35419 1361 44 " " `` 35419 1361 45 long long JJ 35419 1361 46 ; ; : 35419 1361 47 cones cone NNS 35419 1361 48 3"-5 3"-5 NNS 35419 1361 49 " " `` 35419 1361 50 long long RB 35419 1361 51 . . . 35419 1362 1 APPEARANCE APPEARANCE NNP 35419 1362 2 OF of IN 35419 1362 3 WOOD wood NN 35419 1362 4 : : : 35419 1362 5 Color color NN 35419 1362 6 , , , 35419 1362 7 heart heart NN 35419 1362 8 - - HYPH 35419 1362 9 wood wood NN 35419 1362 10 orange orange NN 35419 1362 11 , , , 35419 1362 12 sap sap NN 35419 1362 13 - - HYPH 35419 1362 14 wood wood NN 35419 1362 15 lighter lighter NN 35419 1362 16 ; ; : 35419 1362 17 non non JJ 35419 1362 18 - - JJ 35419 1362 19 porous porous JJ 35419 1362 20 ; ; : 35419 1362 21 rings ring NNS 35419 1362 22 very very RB 35419 1362 23 plain plain JJ 35419 1362 24 , , , 35419 1362 25 sharp sharp JJ 35419 1362 26 contrast contrast NN 35419 1362 27 between between IN 35419 1362 28 spring spring NN 35419 1362 29 wood wood NN 35419 1362 30 and and CC 35419 1362 31 summer summer NN 35419 1362 32 wood wood NN 35419 1362 33 ; ; , 35419 1362 34 grain grain NN 35419 1362 35 , , , 35419 1362 36 straight straight JJ 35419 1362 37 , , , 35419 1362 38 coarse coarse JJ 35419 1362 39 ; ; : 35419 1362 40 rays ray NNS 35419 1362 41 conspicuous conspicuous JJ 35419 1362 42 ; ; : 35419 1362 43 very very RB 35419 1362 44 resinous resinous JJ 35419 1362 45 , , , 35419 1362 46 but but CC 35419 1362 47 ducts duct VBZ 35419 1362 48 few few JJ 35419 1362 49 and and CC 35419 1362 50 small small JJ 35419 1362 51 . . . 35419 1363 1 PHYSICAL physical NN 35419 1363 2 QUALITIES quality NNS 35419 1363 3 : : : 35419 1363 4 Weight weight NN 35419 1363 5 , , , 35419 1363 6 medium medium NN 35419 1363 7 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1363 8 39th 39th NN 35419 1363 9 in in IN 35419 1363 10 this this DT 35419 1363 11 list list NN 35419 1363 12 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1363 13 ; ; : 35419 1363 14 33 33 CD 35419 1363 15 lbs lbs NN 35419 1363 16 . . . 35419 1364 1 per per IN 35419 1364 2 cu cu NNP 35419 1364 3 . . . 35419 1365 1 ft ft NNP 35419 1365 2 . . NNP 35419 1365 3 ; ; : 35419 1365 4 sp sp NNP 35419 1365 5 . . . 35419 1366 1 gr gr NNP 35419 1366 2 . . . 35419 1367 1 0.5441 0.5441 NFP 35419 1367 2 ; ; : 35419 1367 3 strong strong JJ 35419 1367 4 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1367 5 26th 26th NN 35419 1367 6 in in IN 35419 1367 7 this this DT 35419 1367 8 list list NN 35419 1367 9 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1367 10 ; ; , 35419 1367 11 elastic elastic JJ 35419 1367 12 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1367 13 17th 17th NN 35419 1367 14 in in IN 35419 1367 15 this this DT 35419 1367 16 list list NN 35419 1367 17 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1367 18 ; ; : 35419 1367 19 medium medium NNP 35419 1367 20 hard hard JJ 35419 1367 21 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1367 22 43d 43d NNS 35419 1367 23 in in IN 35419 1367 24 this this DT 35419 1367 25 list list NN 35419 1367 26 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1367 27 ; ; : 35419 1367 28 shrinkage shrinkage NN 35419 1367 29 , , , 35419 1367 30 4 4 CD 35419 1367 31 per per NN 35419 1367 32 cent cent NN 35419 1367 33 . . . 35419 1368 1 ; ; : 35419 1368 2 warps warps NNP 35419 1368 3 little little JJ 35419 1368 4 ; ; : 35419 1368 5 not not RB 35419 1368 6 durable durable JJ 35419 1368 7 ; ; : 35419 1368 8 difficult difficult JJ 35419 1368 9 to to TO 35419 1368 10 work work VB 35419 1368 11 , , , 35419 1368 12 brittle brittle VB 35419 1368 13 ; ; : 35419 1368 14 splits split NNS 35419 1368 15 along along IN 35419 1368 16 rings ring NNS 35419 1368 17 in in IN 35419 1368 18 nailing nail VBG 35419 1368 19 . . . 35419 1369 1 COMMON common JJ 35419 1369 2 USES use NNS 35419 1369 3 : : : 35419 1369 4 Heavy heavy JJ 35419 1369 5 construction construction NN 35419 1369 6 , , , 35419 1369 7 beams beam NNS 35419 1369 8 , , , 35419 1369 9 ship ship NN 35419 1369 10 building building NN 35419 1369 11 , , , 35419 1369 12 docks dock NNS 35419 1369 13 , , , 35419 1369 14 bridges bridge NNS 35419 1369 15 , , , 35419 1369 16 flooring flooring NN 35419 1369 17 , , , 35419 1369 18 house house NNP 35419 1369 19 trim trim NN 35419 1369 20 . . . 35419 1370 1 REMARKS remarks NN 35419 1370 2 : : : 35419 1370 3 Resembles Resembles NNP 35419 1370 4 Long long JJ 35419 1370 5 - - HYPH 35419 1370 6 leaf leaf NN 35419 1370 7 Pine Pine NNP 35419 1370 8 , , , 35419 1370 9 and and CC 35419 1370 10 often often RB 35419 1370 11 sold sell VBN 35419 1370 12 as as IN 35419 1370 13 such such JJ 35419 1370 14 . . . 35419 1371 1 Rarely rarely RB 35419 1371 2 makes make VBZ 35419 1371 3 pure pure JJ 35419 1371 4 forests forest NNS 35419 1371 5 . . . 35419 1372 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1372 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1372 3 : : : 35419 1372 4 Radial Radial NNP 35419 1372 5 Section Section NNP 35419 1372 6 , , , 35419 1372 7 life life NN 35419 1372 8 size size NN 35419 1372 9 . . . 35419 1372 10 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1373 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1373 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1373 3 : : : 35419 1373 4 Cross cross NN 35419 1373 5 - - NN 35419 1373 6 section section NNP 35419 1373 7 , , , 35419 1373 8 magnified magnify VBN 35419 1373 9 37 37 CD 35419 1373 10 - - HYPH 35419 1373 11 1/2 1/2 CD 35419 1373 12 diameters diameter NNS 35419 1373 13 . . . 35419 1373 14 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1374 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1374 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1374 3 : : : 35419 1374 4 Tangential Tangential NNP 35419 1374 5 Section Section NNP 35419 1374 6 , , , 35419 1374 7 life life NN 35419 1374 8 size size NN 35419 1374 9 . . . 35419 1374 10 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1375 1 9 9 CD 35419 1375 2 SLASH SLASH NNP 35419 1375 3 PINE PINE NNP 35419 1375 4 . . . 35419 1376 1 CUBAN cuban JJ 35419 1376 2 PINE PINE NNP 35419 1376 3 . . . 35419 1377 1 _ _ NNP 35419 1377 2 Pinus Pinus NNP 35419 1377 3 caribaea caribaea NN 35419 1377 4 _ _ NNP 35419 1377 5 Morelet Morelet NNP 35419 1377 6 . . . 35419 1378 1 _ _ NNP 35419 1378 2 Pinus Pinus NNP 35419 1378 3 heterophylla heterophylla NN 35419 1378 4 _ _ NNP 35419 1378 5 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1378 6 Ell Ell NNP 35419 1378 7 . . . 35419 1378 8 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1379 1 Sudworth Sudworth NNP 35419 1379 2 . . . 35419 1380 1 _ _ NNP 35419 1380 2 Pinus Pinus NNP 35419 1380 3 _ _ NNP 35419 1380 4 , , , 35419 1380 5 the the DT 35419 1380 6 classical classical JJ 35419 1380 7 Latin latin JJ 35419 1380 8 name name NN 35419 1380 9 ; ; : 35419 1380 10 _ _ NNP 35419 1380 11 caribaea caribaea NNP 35419 1380 12 _ _ NNP 35419 1380 13 refers refer VBZ 35419 1380 14 to to IN 35419 1380 15 the the DT 35419 1380 16 Caribbean Caribbean NNP 35419 1380 17 Islands Islands NNPS 35419 1380 18 ; ; : 35419 1380 19 _ _ NNP 35419 1380 20 heterophylla heterophylla NNP 35419 1380 21 _ _ NNP 35419 1380 22 refers refer VBZ 35419 1380 23 to to IN 35419 1380 24 two two CD 35419 1380 25 kinds kind NNS 35419 1380 26 of of IN 35419 1380 27 leaves leave NNS 35419 1380 28 . . . 35419 1381 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1381 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1381 3 : : : 35419 1381 4 Habitat Habitat NNP 35419 1381 5 . . . 35419 1381 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1382 1 HABITAT HABITAT NNP 35419 1382 2 : : : 35419 1382 3 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1382 4 See see VB 35419 1382 5 map map NN 35419 1382 6 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1382 7 ; ; : 35419 1382 8 grows grow VBZ 35419 1382 9 best well RBS 35419 1382 10 in in IN 35419 1382 11 Alabama Alabama NNP 35419 1382 12 , , , 35419 1382 13 Mississippi Mississippi NNP 35419 1382 14 , , , 35419 1382 15 and and CC 35419 1382 16 Louisiana Louisiana NNP 35419 1382 17 . . . 35419 1383 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1383 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1383 3 : : : 35419 1383 4 Leaf Leaf NNP 35419 1383 5 . . . 35419 1383 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1384 1 CHARACTERISTICS characteristic NNS 35419 1384 2 OF of IN 35419 1384 3 THE the DT 35419 1384 4 TREE tree NN 35419 1384 5 : : : 35419 1384 6 Height height NN 35419 1384 7 , , , 35419 1384 8 sometimes sometimes RB 35419 1384 9 110 110 CD 35419 1384 10 ' ' '' 35419 1384 11 , , , 35419 1384 12 straight straight JJ 35419 1384 13 , , , 35419 1384 14 tall tall JJ 35419 1384 15 , , , 35419 1384 16 branching branch VBG 35419 1384 17 high high JJ 35419 1384 18 ; ; : 35419 1384 19 diameter diameter NN 35419 1384 20 1'-3 1'-3 CD 35419 1384 21 ' ' '' 35419 1384 22 ; ; : 35419 1384 23 bark bark NN 35419 1384 24 , , , 35419 1384 25 dark dark JJ 35419 1384 26 red red JJ 35419 1384 27 and and CC 35419 1384 28 brown brown JJ 35419 1384 29 , , , 35419 1384 30 shallow shallow JJ 35419 1384 31 irregular irregular JJ 35419 1384 32 fissures fissure NNS 35419 1384 33 ; ; : 35419 1384 34 leaves leave NNS 35419 1384 35 , , , 35419 1384 36 2 2 CD 35419 1384 37 or or CC 35419 1384 38 3 3 CD 35419 1384 39 in in IN 35419 1384 40 a a DT 35419 1384 41 sheath sheath NN 35419 1384 42 , , , 35419 1384 43 8"-12 8"-12 NNP 35419 1384 44 " " `` 35419 1384 45 long long RB 35419 1384 46 ; ; : 35419 1384 47 cones cone NNS 35419 1384 48 , , , 35419 1384 49 4"-5 4"-5 NNP 35419 1384 50 " " `` 35419 1384 51 long long RB 35419 1384 52 . . . 35419 1385 1 APPEARANCE APPEARANCE NNP 35419 1385 2 OF of IN 35419 1385 3 WOOD wood NN 35419 1385 4 : : : 35419 1385 5 Color color NN 35419 1385 6 , , , 35419 1385 7 dark dark JJ 35419 1385 8 orange orange NN 35419 1385 9 , , , 35419 1385 10 sapwood sapwood VBD 35419 1385 11 lighter light JJR 35419 1385 12 ; ; , 35419 1385 13 non non JJ 35419 1385 14 - - JJ 35419 1385 15 porous porous JJ 35419 1385 16 ; ; : 35419 1385 17 annual annual JJ 35419 1385 18 rings ring NNS 35419 1385 19 , , , 35419 1385 20 plain plain JJ 35419 1385 21 , , , 35419 1385 22 sharp sharp JJ 35419 1385 23 contrast contrast NN 35419 1385 24 between between IN 35419 1385 25 spring spring NN 35419 1385 26 wood wood NN 35419 1385 27 and and CC 35419 1385 28 summer summer NN 35419 1385 29 wood wood NN 35419 1385 30 ; ; , 35419 1385 31 grain grain NN 35419 1385 32 , , , 35419 1385 33 straight straight RB 35419 1385 34 ; ; : 35419 1385 35 rays ray NNS 35419 1385 36 numerous numerous JJ 35419 1385 37 , , , 35419 1385 38 rather rather RB 35419 1385 39 prominent prominent JJ 35419 1385 40 ; ; : 35419 1385 41 very very RB 35419 1385 42 resinous resinous JJ 35419 1385 43 , , , 35419 1385 44 but but CC 35419 1385 45 ducts duct VBZ 35419 1385 46 few few JJ 35419 1385 47 . . . 35419 1386 1 PHYSICAL PHYSICAL NNP 35419 1386 2 QUALITIES quality NNS 35419 1386 3 : : : 35419 1386 4 Heavy heavy JJ 35419 1386 5 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1386 6 7th 7th NN 35419 1386 7 in in IN 35419 1386 8 this this DT 35419 1386 9 list list NN 35419 1386 10 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1386 11 ; ; : 35419 1386 12 39 39 CD 35419 1386 13 lbs lbs NN 35419 1386 14 . . . 35419 1387 1 per per IN 35419 1387 2 cu cu NNP 35419 1387 3 . . . 35419 1388 1 ft ft NNP 35419 1388 2 . . NNP 35419 1388 3 ; ; : 35419 1388 4 sp sp NNP 35419 1388 5 . . . 35419 1389 1 gr gr NNP 35419 1389 2 . . . 35419 1390 1 0.7504 0.7504 LS 35419 1390 2 ; ; : 35419 1390 3 very very RB 35419 1390 4 strong strong JJ 35419 1390 5 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1390 6 6th 6th NN 35419 1390 7 in in IN 35419 1390 8 this this DT 35419 1390 9 list list NN 35419 1390 10 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1390 11 ; ; : 35419 1390 12 very very RB 35419 1390 13 elastic elastic JJ 35419 1390 14 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1390 15 3d 3d NN 35419 1390 16 in in IN 35419 1390 17 this this DT 35419 1390 18 list list NN 35419 1390 19 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1390 20 ; ; : 35419 1390 21 hard hard JJ 35419 1390 22 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1390 23 24th 24th JJ 35419 1390 24 in in IN 35419 1390 25 this this DT 35419 1390 26 list list NN 35419 1390 27 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1390 28 ; ; : 35419 1390 29 shrinkage shrinkage NN 35419 1390 30 , , , 35419 1390 31 4 4 CD 35419 1390 32 per per NN 35419 1390 33 cent cent NN 35419 1390 34 . . . 35419 1391 1 ; ; : 35419 1391 2 warps warps NNP 35419 1391 3 little little JJ 35419 1391 4 ; ; : 35419 1391 5 quite quite RB 35419 1391 6 durable durable JJ 35419 1391 7 ; ; : 35419 1391 8 troublesome troublesome JJ 35419 1391 9 to to IN 35419 1391 10 work work VB 35419 1391 11 ; ; : 35419 1391 12 splits split NNS 35419 1391 13 along along IN 35419 1391 14 annual annual JJ 35419 1391 15 rings ring NNS 35419 1391 16 in in IN 35419 1391 17 nailing nail VBG 35419 1391 18 . . . 35419 1392 1 COMMON common JJ 35419 1392 2 USES use NNS 35419 1392 3 : : : 35419 1392 4 Heavy heavy JJ 35419 1392 5 construction construction NN 35419 1392 6 , , , 35419 1392 7 ship ship NN 35419 1392 8 building building NN 35419 1392 9 , , , 35419 1392 10 railroad railroad NN 35419 1392 11 ties tie NNS 35419 1392 12 , , , 35419 1392 13 docks dock NNS 35419 1392 14 , , , 35419 1392 15 bridges bridge NNS 35419 1392 16 , , , 35419 1392 17 house house NNP 35419 1392 18 trim trim NNP 35419 1392 19 . . . 35419 1393 1 REMARKS remarks NN 35419 1393 2 : : : 35419 1393 3 Similar similar JJ 35419 1393 4 to to IN 35419 1393 5 and and CC 35419 1393 6 often often RB 35419 1393 7 sold sell VBN 35419 1393 8 as as IN 35419 1393 9 Long long JJ 35419 1393 10 - - HYPH 35419 1393 11 leaf leaf NN 35419 1393 12 Pine Pine NNP 35419 1393 13 . . . 35419 1394 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1394 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1394 3 : : : 35419 1394 4 Radial Radial NNP 35419 1394 5 Section Section NNP 35419 1394 6 , , , 35419 1394 7 life life NN 35419 1394 8 size size NN 35419 1394 9 . . . 35419 1394 10 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1395 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1395 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1395 3 : : : 35419 1395 4 Cross cross NN 35419 1395 5 - - NN 35419 1395 6 section section NNP 35419 1395 7 , , , 35419 1395 8 magnified magnify VBN 35419 1395 9 37 37 CD 35419 1395 10 - - HYPH 35419 1395 11 1/2 1/2 CD 35419 1395 12 diameters diameter NNS 35419 1395 13 . . . 35419 1395 14 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1396 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1396 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1396 3 : : : 35419 1396 4 Tangential Tangential NNP 35419 1396 5 Section Section NNP 35419 1396 6 , , , 35419 1396 7 life life NN 35419 1396 8 size size NN 35419 1396 9 . . . 35419 1396 10 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1397 1 10 10 CD 35419 1397 2 TAMARACK TAMARACK NNS 35419 1397 3 . . . 35419 1398 1 LARCH LARCH NNS 35419 1398 2 . . . 35419 1399 1 HACKMATACK HACKMATACK NNP 35419 1399 2 . . . 35419 1400 1 _ _ NNP 35419 1400 2 Larix Larix NNP 35419 1400 3 laricina laricina NN 35419 1400 4 _ _ NNP 35419 1400 5 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1400 6 Du Du NNP 35419 1400 7 Roi Roi NNP 35419 1400 8 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1400 9 Koch Koch NNP 35419 1400 10 . . . 35419 1401 1 _ _ NNP 35419 1401 2 Larix Larix NNP 35419 1401 3 americana americana VBZ 35419 1401 4 _ _ NNP 35419 1401 5 Michaux Michaux NNP 35419 1401 6 . . . 35419 1402 1 _ _ NNP 35419 1402 2 Larix Larix NNP 35419 1402 3 _ _ NNP 35419 1402 4 , , , 35419 1402 5 the the DT 35419 1402 6 classical classical JJ 35419 1402 7 Latin Latin NNP 35419 1402 8 name name NN 35419 1402 9 . . . 35419 1403 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1403 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1403 3 : : : 35419 1403 4 Habitat Habitat NNP 35419 1403 5 . . . 35419 1403 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1404 1 HABITAT HABITAT NNP 35419 1404 2 : : : 35419 1404 3 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1404 4 See see VB 35419 1404 5 map map NN 35419 1404 6 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1404 7 ; ; , 35419 1404 8 prefers prefer VBZ 35419 1404 9 swamps swamp NNS 35419 1404 10 , , , 35419 1404 11 " " `` 35419 1404 12 Tamarack tamarack JJ 35419 1404 13 swamps swamp NNS 35419 1404 14 . . . 35419 1404 15 " " '' 35419 1405 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1405 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1405 3 : : : 35419 1405 4 Leaf Leaf NNP 35419 1405 5 . . . 35419 1405 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1406 1 CHARACTERISTICS characteristic NNS 35419 1406 2 OF of IN 35419 1406 3 THE the DT 35419 1406 4 TREE tree NN 35419 1406 5 : : : 35419 1406 6 Height Height NNP 35419 1406 7 , , , 35419 1406 8 50'-60 50'-60 NNP 35419 1406 9 ' ' '' 35419 1406 10 and and CC 35419 1406 11 even even RB 35419 1406 12 90 90 CD 35419 1406 13 ' ' POS 35419 1406 14 , , , 35419 1406 15 diameter diameter NN 35419 1406 16 1'-3 1'-3 CD 35419 1406 17 ' ' '' 35419 1406 18 ; ; : 35419 1406 19 intolerant intolerant JJ 35419 1406 20 ; ; : 35419 1406 21 tall tall JJ 35419 1406 22 , , , 35419 1406 23 slender slender NN 35419 1406 24 trunk trunk NN 35419 1406 25 ; ; : 35419 1406 26 bark bark NN 35419 1406 27 , , , 35419 1406 28 cinnamon cinnamon NNP 35419 1406 29 brown brown NNP 35419 1406 30 , , , 35419 1406 31 no no DT 35419 1406 32 ridges ridge NNS 35419 1406 33 , , , 35419 1406 34 breaking break VBG 35419 1406 35 into into IN 35419 1406 36 flakes flake NNS 35419 1406 37 ; ; : 35419 1406 38 leaves leave NNS 35419 1406 39 , , , 35419 1406 40 deciduous deciduous JJ 35419 1406 41 , , , 35419 1406 42 pea pea JJ 35419 1406 43 - - HYPH 35419 1406 44 green green JJ 35419 1406 45 , , , 35419 1406 46 in in IN 35419 1406 47 tufts tufts NNP 35419 1406 48 ; ; : 35419 1406 49 cone cone NN 35419 1406 50 , , , 35419 1406 51 1/2"-3/4 1/2"-3/4 NNP 35419 1406 52 " " '' 35419 1406 53 , , , 35419 1406 54 bright bright NNP 35419 1406 55 brown brown NNP 35419 1406 56 . . . 35419 1407 1 APPEARANCE APPEARANCE NNP 35419 1407 2 OF of IN 35419 1407 3 WOOD wood NN 35419 1407 4 : : : 35419 1407 5 Color color NN 35419 1407 6 , , , 35419 1407 7 light light NN 35419 1407 8 brown brown NNP 35419 1407 9 , , , 35419 1407 10 sapwood sapwood VBD 35419 1407 11 hardly hardly RB 35419 1407 12 distinguishable distinguishable JJ 35419 1407 13 ; ; : 35419 1407 14 non non JJ 35419 1407 15 - - JJ 35419 1407 16 porous porous JJ 35419 1407 17 ; ; : 35419 1407 18 rings ring NNS 35419 1407 19 , , , 35419 1407 20 summer summer NN 35419 1407 21 wood wood NN 35419 1407 22 , , , 35419 1407 23 thin thin JJ 35419 1407 24 but but CC 35419 1407 25 distinct distinct JJ 35419 1407 26 , , , 35419 1407 27 dark dark JJ 35419 1407 28 colored colored JJ 35419 1407 29 ; ; : 35419 1407 30 grain grain NN 35419 1407 31 , , , 35419 1407 32 straight straight JJ 35419 1407 33 , , , 35419 1407 34 coarse coarse JJ 35419 1407 35 ; ; : 35419 1407 36 rays ray NNS 35419 1407 37 , , , 35419 1407 38 numerous numerous JJ 35419 1407 39 , , , 35419 1407 40 hardly hardly RB 35419 1407 41 distinguishable distinguishable JJ 35419 1407 42 ; ; : 35419 1407 43 very very RB 35419 1407 44 resinous resinous JJ 35419 1407 45 , , , 35419 1407 46 but but CC 35419 1407 47 ducts duct VBZ 35419 1407 48 few few JJ 35419 1407 49 and and CC 35419 1407 50 small small JJ 35419 1407 51 . . . 35419 1408 1 PHYSICAL physical NN 35419 1408 2 QUALITIES quality NNS 35419 1408 3 : : : 35419 1408 4 Weight weight NN 35419 1408 5 , , , 35419 1408 6 medium medium NN 35419 1408 7 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1408 8 29th 29th NN 35419 1408 9 in in IN 35419 1408 10 this this DT 35419 1408 11 list list NN 35419 1408 12 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1408 13 ; ; : 35419 1408 14 39 39 CD 35419 1408 15 lbs lbs NN 35419 1408 16 . . . 35419 1409 1 per per IN 35419 1409 2 cu cu NNP 35419 1409 3 . . . 35419 1410 1 ft ft NNP 35419 1410 2 . . NNP 35419 1410 3 ; ; : 35419 1410 4 sp sp NNP 35419 1410 5 . . . 35419 1411 1 gr gr NNP 35419 1411 2 . . . 35419 1412 1 0.6236 0.6236 CD 35419 1412 2 ; ; , 35419 1412 3 strong strong JJ 35419 1412 4 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1412 5 24th 24th JJ 35419 1412 6 in in IN 35419 1412 7 this this DT 35419 1412 8 list list NN 35419 1412 9 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1412 10 ; ; , 35419 1412 11 elastic elastic JJ 35419 1412 12 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1412 13 11th 11th RB 35419 1412 14 in in IN 35419 1412 15 this this DT 35419 1412 16 list list NN 35419 1412 17 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1412 18 ; ; : 35419 1412 19 medium medium NNP 35419 1412 20 hard hard RB 35419 1412 21 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1412 22 40th 40th JJ 35419 1412 23 in in IN 35419 1412 24 this this DT 35419 1412 25 list list NN 35419 1412 26 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1412 27 ; ; : 35419 1412 28 shrinkage shrinkage NN 35419 1412 29 , , , 35419 1412 30 3 3 CD 35419 1412 31 per per NN 35419 1412 32 cent cent NN 35419 1412 33 . . . 35419 1413 1 ; ; : 35419 1413 2 warps warps NNP 35419 1413 3 ......... ......... NFP 35419 1413 4 ; ; : 35419 1413 5 very very RB 35419 1413 6 durable durable JJ 35419 1413 7 ; ; : 35419 1413 8 easy easy JJ 35419 1413 9 to to TO 35419 1413 10 work work VB 35419 1413 11 ; ; : 35419 1413 12 splits split VBZ 35419 1413 13 easily easily RB 35419 1413 14 . . . 35419 1414 1 COMMON common JJ 35419 1414 2 USES use NNS 35419 1414 3 : : : 35419 1414 4 Ship ship NN 35419 1414 5 building building NN 35419 1414 6 , , , 35419 1414 7 electric electric JJ 35419 1414 8 wire wire NN 35419 1414 9 poles pole NNS 35419 1414 10 , , , 35419 1414 11 and and CC 35419 1414 12 railroad railroad NN 35419 1414 13 ties tie NNS 35419 1414 14 ; ; , 35419 1414 15 used use VBN 35419 1414 16 for for IN 35419 1414 17 boat boat NN 35419 1414 18 ribs rib NNS 35419 1414 19 because because IN 35419 1414 20 of of IN 35419 1414 21 its -PRON- PRP$ 35419 1414 22 naturally naturally RB 35419 1414 23 crooked crooked JJ 35419 1414 24 knees knee NNS 35419 1414 25 ; ; : 35419 1414 26 slenderness slenderness NN 35419 1414 27 prevents prevent VBZ 35419 1414 28 common common JJ 35419 1414 29 use use NN 35419 1414 30 as as IN 35419 1414 31 lumber lumber NN 35419 1414 32 . . . 35419 1415 1 REMARKS remarks NN 35419 1415 2 : : : 35419 1415 3 Tree tree NN 35419 1415 4 desolate desolate NN 35419 1415 5 looking look VBG 35419 1415 6 in in IN 35419 1415 7 winter winter NN 35419 1415 8 . . . 35419 1416 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1416 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1416 3 : : : 35419 1416 4 Radial Radial NNP 35419 1416 5 Section Section NNP 35419 1416 6 , , , 35419 1416 7 life life NN 35419 1416 8 size size NN 35419 1416 9 . . . 35419 1416 10 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1417 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1417 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1417 3 : : : 35419 1417 4 Cross cross NN 35419 1417 5 - - NN 35419 1417 6 section section NNP 35419 1417 7 , , , 35419 1417 8 magnified magnify VBN 35419 1417 9 37 37 CD 35419 1417 10 - - HYPH 35419 1417 11 1/2 1/2 CD 35419 1417 12 diameters diameter NNS 35419 1417 13 . . . 35419 1417 14 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1418 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1418 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1418 3 : : : 35419 1418 4 Tangential Tangential NNP 35419 1418 5 Section Section NNP 35419 1418 6 , , , 35419 1418 7 life life NN 35419 1418 8 size size NN 35419 1418 9 . . . 35419 1418 10 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1419 1 11 11 CD 35419 1419 2 WESTERN WESTERN NNP 35419 1419 3 LARCH LARCH NNS 35419 1419 4 . . . 35419 1420 1 TAMARACK TAMARACK NNP 35419 1420 2 . . . 35419 1421 1 _ _ NNP 35419 1421 2 Larix Larix NNP 35419 1421 3 occidentalis occidentalis NN 35419 1421 4 _ _ NNP 35419 1421 5 Nuttall Nuttall NNP 35419 1421 6 . . . 35419 1422 1 _ _ NNP 35419 1422 2 Larix Larix NNP 35419 1422 3 _ _ NNP 35419 1422 4 , , , 35419 1422 5 the the DT 35419 1422 6 classical classical JJ 35419 1422 7 Latin latin JJ 35419 1422 8 name name NN 35419 1422 9 ; ; : 35419 1422 10 _ _ NNP 35419 1422 11 occidentalis occidentalis NNP 35419 1422 12 _ _ NNP 35419 1422 13 means mean VBZ 35419 1422 14 western western JJ 35419 1422 15 . . . 35419 1423 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1423 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1423 3 : : : 35419 1423 4 Habitat Habitat NNP 35419 1423 5 . . . 35419 1423 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1424 1 HABITAT HABITAT NNP 35419 1424 2 : : : 35419 1424 3 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1424 4 See see VB 35419 1424 5 map map NN 35419 1424 6 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1424 7 ; ; : 35419 1424 8 best well RBS 35419 1424 9 in in IN 35419 1424 10 northern northern JJ 35419 1424 11 Montana Montana NNP 35419 1424 12 and and CC 35419 1424 13 Idaho Idaho NNP 35419 1424 14 , , , 35419 1424 15 on on IN 35419 1424 16 high high JJ 35419 1424 17 elevations elevation NNS 35419 1424 18 . . . 35419 1425 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1425 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1425 3 : : : 35419 1425 4 Leaf Leaf NNP 35419 1425 5 . . . 35419 1425 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1426 1 CHARACTERISTICS characteristic NNS 35419 1426 2 OF of IN 35419 1426 3 THE the DT 35419 1426 4 TREE tree NN 35419 1426 5 : : : 35419 1426 6 Height height NN 35419 1426 7 , , , 35419 1426 8 90'-130 90'-130 CD 35419 1426 9 ' ' '' 35419 1426 10 , , , 35419 1426 11 even even RB 35419 1426 12 250 250 CD 35419 1426 13 ' ' POS 35419 1426 14 ; ; : 35419 1426 15 diameter diameter NN 35419 1426 16 6'-8 6'-8 NNP 35419 1426 17 ' ' '' 35419 1426 18 ; ; : 35419 1426 19 tall tall JJ 35419 1426 20 , , , 35419 1426 21 slender slender NN 35419 1426 22 , , , 35419 1426 23 naked naked JJ 35419 1426 24 trunk trunk NN 35419 1426 25 , , , 35419 1426 26 with with IN 35419 1426 27 branches branch NNS 35419 1426 28 high high JJ 35419 1426 29 ; ; : 35419 1426 30 bark bark NN 35419 1426 31 , , , 35419 1426 32 cinnamon cinnamon NNP 35419 1426 33 red red NNP 35419 1426 34 or or CC 35419 1426 35 purplish purplish JJ 35419 1426 36 , , , 35419 1426 37 often often RB 35419 1426 38 12 12 CD 35419 1426 39 " " `` 35419 1426 40 thick thick JJ 35419 1426 41 , , , 35419 1426 42 breaking break VBG 35419 1426 43 into into IN 35419 1426 44 irregular irregular JJ 35419 1426 45 plates plate NNS 35419 1426 46 , , , 35419 1426 47 often often RB 35419 1426 48 2 2 CD 35419 1426 49 ' ' '' 35419 1426 50 long long JJ 35419 1426 51 ; ; : 35419 1426 52 leaves leave NNS 35419 1426 53 , , , 35419 1426 54 in in IN 35419 1426 55 tufts tufts JJ 35419 1426 56 ; ; , 35419 1426 57 deciduous deciduous JJ 35419 1426 58 ; ; : 35419 1426 59 cones cone NNS 35419 1426 60 small small JJ 35419 1426 61 . . . 35419 1427 1 APPEARANCE APPEARANCE NNP 35419 1427 2 OF of IN 35419 1427 3 WOOD wood NN 35419 1427 4 : : : 35419 1427 5 Color color NN 35419 1427 6 , , , 35419 1427 7 light light NN 35419 1427 8 red red JJ 35419 1427 9 , , , 35419 1427 10 thin thin JJ 35419 1427 11 , , , 35419 1427 12 whitish whitish JJ 35419 1427 13 , , , 35419 1427 14 sap sap NN 35419 1427 15 - - HYPH 35419 1427 16 wood wood NN 35419 1427 17 ; ; : 35419 1427 18 non non JJ 35419 1427 19 - - JJ 35419 1427 20 porous porous JJ 35419 1427 21 ; ; : 35419 1427 22 grain grain NN 35419 1427 23 , , , 35419 1427 24 straight straight JJ 35419 1427 25 , , , 35419 1427 26 fine fine RB 35419 1427 27 ; ; : 35419 1427 28 rays ray NNS 35419 1427 29 numerous numerous JJ 35419 1427 30 , , , 35419 1427 31 thin thin JJ 35419 1427 32 ; ; : 35419 1427 33 very very RB 35419 1427 34 resinous resinous JJ 35419 1427 35 , , , 35419 1427 36 but but CC 35419 1427 37 ducts duct VBZ 35419 1427 38 small small JJ 35419 1427 39 and and CC 35419 1427 40 obscure obscure JJ 35419 1427 41 . . . 35419 1428 1 PHYSICAL physical NN 35419 1428 2 QUALITIES quality NNS 35419 1428 3 : : : 35419 1428 4 Weight weight NN 35419 1428 5 , , , 35419 1428 6 heavy heavy JJ 35419 1428 7 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1428 8 11th 11th JJ 35419 1428 9 in in IN 35419 1428 10 this this DT 35419 1428 11 list list NN 35419 1428 12 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1428 13 ; ; : 35419 1428 14 46 46 CD 35419 1428 15 lbs lbs NN 35419 1428 16 . . . 35419 1429 1 per per IN 35419 1429 2 cu cu NNP 35419 1429 3 . . . 35419 1430 1 ft ft NNP 35419 1430 2 . . NNP 35419 1430 3 ; ; : 35419 1430 4 sp sp NNP 35419 1430 5 . . . 35419 1431 1 gr gr NNP 35419 1431 2 . . . 35419 1432 1 0.7407 0.7407 LS 35419 1432 2 ; ; : 35419 1432 3 very very RB 35419 1432 4 strong strong JJ 35419 1432 5 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1432 6 3d 3d NN 35419 1432 7 in in IN 35419 1432 8 this this DT 35419 1432 9 list list NN 35419 1432 10 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1432 11 ; ; : 35419 1432 12 very very RB 35419 1432 13 elastic elastic JJ 35419 1432 14 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1432 15 1st 1st NN 35419 1432 16 in in IN 35419 1432 17 this this DT 35419 1432 18 list list NN 35419 1432 19 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1432 20 ; ; : 35419 1432 21 medium medium NNP 35419 1432 22 hard hard RB 35419 1432 23 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1432 24 35th 35th NN 35419 1432 25 in in IN 35419 1432 26 this this DT 35419 1432 27 list list NN 35419 1432 28 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1432 29 ; ; : 35419 1432 30 shrinkage shrinkage NN 35419 1432 31 , , , 35419 1432 32 4 4 CD 35419 1432 33 per per NN 35419 1432 34 cent cent NN 35419 1432 35 . . . 35419 1433 1 ; ; : 35419 1433 2 warps warps NNP 35419 1433 3 .......... .......... NFP 35419 1433 4 ; ; : 35419 1433 5 very very RB 35419 1433 6 durable durable JJ 35419 1433 7 ; ; : 35419 1433 8 rather rather RB 35419 1433 9 hard hard JJ 35419 1433 10 to to TO 35419 1433 11 work work VB 35419 1433 12 , , , 35419 1433 13 takes take VBZ 35419 1433 14 fine fine JJ 35419 1433 15 polish polish NN 35419 1433 16 ; ; : 35419 1433 17 splits split NNS 35419 1433 18 with with IN 35419 1433 19 difficulty difficulty NN 35419 1433 20 . . . 35419 1434 1 COMMON common JJ 35419 1434 2 USES use NNS 35419 1434 3 : : : 35419 1434 4 Posts post NNS 35419 1434 5 , , , 35419 1434 6 railroad railroad NN 35419 1434 7 ties tie NNS 35419 1434 8 , , , 35419 1434 9 fencing fencing NN 35419 1434 10 , , , 35419 1434 11 cabinet cabinet NN 35419 1434 12 material material NN 35419 1434 13 and and CC 35419 1434 14 fuel fuel NN 35419 1434 15 . . . 35419 1435 1 REMARKS remarks NN 35419 1435 2 : : : 35419 1435 3 A a DT 35419 1435 4 valuable valuable JJ 35419 1435 5 tree tree NN 35419 1435 6 in in IN 35419 1435 7 the the DT 35419 1435 8 Northwest Northwest NNP 35419 1435 9 . . . 35419 1436 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1436 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1436 3 : : : 35419 1436 4 Radial Radial NNP 35419 1436 5 Section Section NNP 35419 1436 6 , , , 35419 1436 7 life life NN 35419 1436 8 size size NN 35419 1436 9 . . . 35419 1436 10 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1437 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1437 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1437 3 : : : 35419 1437 4 Cross cross NN 35419 1437 5 - - NN 35419 1437 6 section section NNP 35419 1437 7 , , , 35419 1437 8 magnified magnify VBN 35419 1437 9 37 37 CD 35419 1437 10 - - HYPH 35419 1437 11 1/2 1/2 CD 35419 1437 12 diameters diameter NNS 35419 1437 13 . . . 35419 1437 14 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1438 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1438 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1438 3 : : : 35419 1438 4 Tangential Tangential NNP 35419 1438 5 Section Section NNP 35419 1438 6 , , , 35419 1438 7 life life NN 35419 1438 8 size size NN 35419 1438 9 . . . 35419 1438 10 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1439 1 12 12 CD 35419 1439 2 WHITE WHITE NNP 35419 1439 3 SPRUCE SPRUCE NNP 35419 1439 4 . . . 35419 1440 1 _ _ NNP 35419 1440 2 Picea Picea NNP 35419 1440 3 canadensis canadensis NN 35419 1440 4 _ _ NNP 35419 1440 5 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1440 6 Miller Miller NNP 35419 1440 7 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1440 8 B. B. NNP 35419 1440 9 S. S. NNP 35419 1440 10 P. P. NNP 35419 1440 11 _ _ NNP 35419 1440 12 Picea Picea NNP 35419 1440 13 alba alba VBZ 35419 1440 14 _ _ NNP 35419 1440 15 Link Link NNP 35419 1440 16 . . . 35419 1441 1 _ _ NNP 35419 1441 2 Picea Picea NNP 35419 1441 3 _ _ NNP 35419 1441 4 , , , 35419 1441 5 the the DT 35419 1441 6 classical classical JJ 35419 1441 7 Latin Latin NNP 35419 1441 8 name name NN 35419 1441 9 ; ; : 35419 1441 10 white white JJ 35419 1441 11 and and CC 35419 1441 12 _ _ NNP 35419 1441 13 alba alba VBZ 35419 1441 14 _ _ NNP 35419 1441 15 refers refer VBZ 35419 1441 16 to to IN 35419 1441 17 the the DT 35419 1441 18 pale pale JJ 35419 1441 19 color color NN 35419 1441 20 of of IN 35419 1441 21 the the DT 35419 1441 22 leaves leave NNS 35419 1441 23 , , , 35419 1441 24 especially especially RB 35419 1441 25 when when WRB 35419 1441 26 young young JJ 35419 1441 27 , , , 35419 1441 28 and and CC 35419 1441 29 to to IN 35419 1441 30 the the DT 35419 1441 31 whitish whitish JJ 35419 1441 32 bark bark NN 35419 1441 33 . . . 35419 1442 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1442 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1442 3 : : : 35419 1442 4 Habitat Habitat NNP 35419 1442 5 . . . 35419 1442 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1443 1 HABITAT HABITAT NNP 35419 1443 2 : : : 35419 1443 3 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1443 4 See see VB 35419 1443 5 map map NN 35419 1443 6 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1443 7 . . . 35419 1444 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1444 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1444 3 : : : 35419 1444 4 Leaf Leaf NNP 35419 1444 5 . . . 35419 1444 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1445 1 CHARACTERISTICS characteristic NNS 35419 1445 2 OF of IN 35419 1445 3 THE the DT 35419 1445 4 TREE tree NN 35419 1445 5 : : : 35419 1445 6 Height height NN 35419 1445 7 , , , 35419 1445 8 60'-100 60'-100 CD 35419 1445 9 ' ' CD 35419 1445 10 and and CC 35419 1445 11 even even RB 35419 1445 12 150 150 CD 35419 1445 13 ' ' POS 35419 1445 14 ; ; : 35419 1445 15 diameter diameter NN 35419 1445 16 , , , 35419 1445 17 1'-2 1'-2 NNP 35419 1445 18 ' ' POS 35419 1445 19 and and CC 35419 1445 20 even even RB 35419 1445 21 4 4 CD 35419 1445 22 ' ' POS 35419 1445 23 ; ; : 35419 1445 24 long long JJ 35419 1445 25 , , , 35419 1445 26 thick thick JJ 35419 1445 27 branches branch NNS 35419 1445 28 ; ; : 35419 1445 29 bark bark NN 35419 1445 30 , , , 35419 1445 31 light light JJ 35419 1445 32 grayish grayish NNP 35419 1445 33 brown brown NNP 35419 1445 34 , , , 35419 1445 35 separating separate VBG 35419 1445 36 into into IN 35419 1445 37 thin thin JJ 35419 1445 38 plate plate NN 35419 1445 39 - - HYPH 35419 1445 40 like like JJ 35419 1445 41 scales scale NNS 35419 1445 42 , , , 35419 1445 43 rather rather RB 35419 1445 44 smooth smooth JJ 35419 1445 45 appearance appearance NN 35419 1445 46 , , , 35419 1445 47 resin resin NN 35419 1445 48 from from IN 35419 1445 49 cuts cut VBZ 35419 1445 50 forms form NNS 35419 1445 51 white white JJ 35419 1445 52 gum gum NN 35419 1445 53 ; ; : 35419 1445 54 leaves leave NNS 35419 1445 55 , , , 35419 1445 56 set set VBN 35419 1445 57 thickly thickly RB 35419 1445 58 on on IN 35419 1445 59 all all DT 35419 1445 60 sides side NNS 35419 1445 61 of of IN 35419 1445 62 branch branch NN 35419 1445 63 , , , 35419 1445 64 finer fine JJR 35419 1445 65 than than IN 35419 1445 66 red red JJ 35419 1445 67 spruce spruce NN 35419 1445 68 , , , 35419 1445 69 odor odor NNP 35419 1445 70 disagreeable disagreeable JJ 35419 1445 71 ; ; : 35419 1445 72 cones cone NNS 35419 1445 73 , , , 35419 1445 74 2 2 CD 35419 1445 75 " " `` 35419 1445 76 long long JJ 35419 1445 77 , , , 35419 1445 78 cylindrical cylindrical JJ 35419 1445 79 , , , 35419 1445 80 slender slender NN 35419 1445 81 , , , 35419 1445 82 fall fall VB 35419 1445 83 during during IN 35419 1445 84 second second JJ 35419 1445 85 summer summer NN 35419 1445 86 . . . 35419 1446 1 APPEARANCE APPEARANCE NNP 35419 1446 2 OF of IN 35419 1446 3 WOOD wood NN 35419 1446 4 : : : 35419 1446 5 Color color NN 35419 1446 6 , , , 35419 1446 7 light light NN 35419 1446 8 yellow yellow NN 35419 1446 9 , , , 35419 1446 10 sap sap NN 35419 1446 11 - - HYPH 35419 1446 12 wood wood NN 35419 1446 13 , , , 35419 1446 14 hardly hardly RB 35419 1446 15 distinguishable distinguishable JJ 35419 1446 16 ; ; : 35419 1446 17 non non JJ 35419 1446 18 - - JJ 35419 1446 19 porous porous JJ 35419 1446 20 ; ; : 35419 1446 21 rings ring NNS 35419 1446 22 , , , 35419 1446 23 wide wide JJ 35419 1446 24 , , , 35419 1446 25 summer summer NN 35419 1446 26 wood wood NN 35419 1446 27 thin thin RB 35419 1446 28 , , , 35419 1446 29 not not RB 35419 1446 30 conspicuous conspicuous JJ 35419 1446 31 ; ; : 35419 1446 32 grain grain NN 35419 1446 33 , , , 35419 1446 34 straight straight JJ 35419 1446 35 ; ; : 35419 1446 36 rays ray NNS 35419 1446 37 , , , 35419 1446 38 numerous numerous JJ 35419 1446 39 , , , 35419 1446 40 prominent prominent JJ 35419 1446 41 ; ; : 35419 1446 42 resin resin NN 35419 1446 43 ducts duct NNS 35419 1446 44 , , , 35419 1446 45 few few JJ 35419 1446 46 and and CC 35419 1446 47 minute minute JJ 35419 1446 48 . . . 35419 1447 1 PHYSICAL physical NN 35419 1447 2 QUALITIES quality NNS 35419 1447 3 : : : 35419 1447 4 Weight weight NN 35419 1447 5 , , , 35419 1447 6 light light NN 35419 1447 7 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1447 8 51st 51st JJ 35419 1447 9 in in IN 35419 1447 10 this this DT 35419 1447 11 list list NN 35419 1447 12 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1447 13 ; ; : 35419 1447 14 25 25 CD 35419 1447 15 lbs lbs NN 35419 1447 16 . . . 35419 1448 1 per per IN 35419 1448 2 cu cu NNP 35419 1448 3 . . . 35419 1449 1 ft ft NNP 35419 1449 2 . . NNP 35419 1449 3 ; ; : 35419 1449 4 sp sp NNP 35419 1449 5 . . . 35419 1450 1 gr gr NNP 35419 1450 2 . . NNP 35419 1450 3 , , , 35419 1450 4 0.4051 0.4051 CD 35419 1450 5 ; ; : 35419 1450 6 medium medium NN 35419 1450 7 strong strong JJ 35419 1450 8 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1450 9 42d 42d NNS 35419 1450 10 in in IN 35419 1450 11 this this DT 35419 1450 12 list list NN 35419 1450 13 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1450 14 ; ; , 35419 1450 15 elastic elastic JJ 35419 1450 16 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1450 17 29th 29th NN 35419 1450 18 in in IN 35419 1450 19 this this DT 35419 1450 20 list list NN 35419 1450 21 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1450 22 ; ; : 35419 1450 23 soft soft JJ 35419 1450 24 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1450 25 58th 58th NN 35419 1450 26 in in IN 35419 1450 27 this this DT 35419 1450 28 list list NN 35419 1450 29 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1450 30 ; ; : 35419 1450 31 shrinks shrink NNS 35419 1450 32 3 3 CD 35419 1450 33 per per NN 35419 1450 34 cent cent NN 35419 1450 35 . . . 35419 1451 1 ; ; : 35419 1451 2 warps warps NNP 35419 1451 3 ........ ........ NFP 35419 1451 4 ; ; : 35419 1451 5 fairly fairly RB 35419 1451 6 durable durable JJ 35419 1451 7 ; ; : 35419 1451 8 easy easy JJ 35419 1451 9 to to TO 35419 1451 10 work work VB 35419 1451 11 , , , 35419 1451 12 satiny satiny NN 35419 1451 13 surface surface NN 35419 1451 14 ; ; : 35419 1451 15 splits split VBZ 35419 1451 16 readily readily RB 35419 1451 17 . . . 35419 1452 1 COMMON common JJ 35419 1452 2 USES use NNS 35419 1452 3 : : : 35419 1452 4 Lumber lumber NN 35419 1452 5 and and CC 35419 1452 6 paper paper NN 35419 1452 7 pulp pulp NN 35419 1452 8 ; ; : 35419 1452 9 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1452 10 not not RB 35419 1452 11 distinguished distinguish VBN 35419 1452 12 from from IN 35419 1452 13 Red Red NNP 35419 1452 14 and and CC 35419 1452 15 Black Black NNP 35419 1452 16 Spruce Spruce NNP 35419 1452 17 in in IN 35419 1452 18 market market NN 35419 1452 19 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1452 20 . . . 35419 1453 1 REMARKS remarks NN 35419 1453 2 : : : 35419 1453 3 Wood wood NN 35419 1453 4 very very RB 35419 1453 5 resonant resonant JJ 35419 1453 6 , , , 35419 1453 7 hence hence RB 35419 1453 8 used use VBN 35419 1453 9 for for IN 35419 1453 10 sounding sound VBG 35419 1453 11 boards board NNS 35419 1453 12 . . . 35419 1454 1 The the DT 35419 1454 2 most most RBS 35419 1454 3 important important JJ 35419 1454 4 lumber lumber NN 35419 1454 5 tree tree NN 35419 1454 6 of of IN 35419 1454 7 the the DT 35419 1454 8 sub sub JJ 35419 1454 9 - - JJ 35419 1454 10 arctic arctic JJ 35419 1454 11 forest forest NN 35419 1454 12 of of IN 35419 1454 13 British British NNP 35419 1454 14 Columbia Columbia NNP 35419 1454 15 . . . 35419 1455 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1455 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1455 3 : : : 35419 1455 4 Radial Radial NNP 35419 1455 5 Section Section NNP 35419 1455 6 , , , 35419 1455 7 life life NN 35419 1455 8 size size NN 35419 1455 9 . . . 35419 1455 10 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1456 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1456 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1456 3 : : : 35419 1456 4 Cross cross NN 35419 1456 5 - - NN 35419 1456 6 section section NNP 35419 1456 7 , , , 35419 1456 8 magnified magnify VBN 35419 1456 9 37 37 CD 35419 1456 10 - - HYPH 35419 1456 11 1/2 1/2 CD 35419 1456 12 diameters diameter NNS 35419 1456 13 . . . 35419 1456 14 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1457 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1457 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1457 3 : : : 35419 1457 4 Tangential Tangential NNP 35419 1457 5 Section Section NNP 35419 1457 6 , , , 35419 1457 7 life life NN 35419 1457 8 size size NN 35419 1457 9 . . . 35419 1457 10 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1458 1 13 13 CD 35419 1458 2 RED RED NNP 35419 1458 3 SPRUCE SPRUCE NNP 35419 1458 4 . . . 35419 1459 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1459 2 A a NN 35419 1459 3 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1459 4 _ _ NNP 35419 1459 5 Picea Picea NNP 35419 1459 6 rubens ruben VBZ 35419 1459 7 _ _ NNP 35419 1459 8 Sargent Sargent NNP 35419 1459 9 . . . 35419 1460 1 _ _ NNP 35419 1460 2 Picea Picea NNP 35419 1460 3 _ _ NNP 35419 1460 4 , , , 35419 1460 5 the the DT 35419 1460 6 classical classical JJ 35419 1460 7 Latin Latin NNP 35419 1460 8 name name NN 35419 1460 9 for for IN 35419 1460 10 the the DT 35419 1460 11 pitch pitch NN 35419 1460 12 pine pine NN 35419 1460 13 ; ; : 35419 1460 14 _ _ NNP 35419 1460 15 rubens ruben NNS 35419 1460 16 _ _ NNP 35419 1460 17 refers refer VBZ 35419 1460 18 to to IN 35419 1460 19 reddish reddish JJ 35419 1460 20 bark bark NN 35419 1460 21 , , , 35419 1460 22 and and CC 35419 1460 23 perhaps perhaps RB 35419 1460 24 to to IN 35419 1460 25 the the DT 35419 1460 26 reddish reddish JJ 35419 1460 27 streaks streak NNS 35419 1460 28 in in IN 35419 1460 29 the the DT 35419 1460 30 wood wood NN 35419 1460 31 . . . 35419 1461 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1461 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1461 3 : : : 35419 1461 4 Habitat Habitat NNP 35419 1461 5 . . . 35419 1461 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1462 1 HABITAT HABITAT NNP 35419 1462 2 : : : 35419 1462 3 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1462 4 See see VB 35419 1462 5 map map NN 35419 1462 6 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1462 7 ; ; , 35419 1462 8 stunted stunt VBN 35419 1462 9 in in IN 35419 1462 10 north north NN 35419 1462 11 . . . 35419 1463 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1463 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1463 3 : : : 35419 1463 4 Leaf Leaf NNP 35419 1463 5 . . . 35419 1463 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1464 1 CHARACTERISTICS characteristic NNS 35419 1464 2 OF of IN 35419 1464 3 THE the DT 35419 1464 4 TREE tree NN 35419 1464 5 : : : 35419 1464 6 Height Height NNP 35419 1464 7 , , , 35419 1464 8 70'-80 70'-80 NNP 35419 1464 9 ' ' POS 35419 1464 10 , , , 35419 1464 11 even even RB 35419 1464 12 100 100 CD 35419 1464 13 ' ' POS 35419 1464 14 ; ; : 35419 1464 15 diameter diameter NN 35419 1464 16 , , , 35419 1464 17 2'-3 2'-3 CD 35419 1464 18 ' ' '' 35419 1464 19 , , , 35419 1464 20 grows grow VBZ 35419 1464 21 slowly slowly RB 35419 1464 22 ; ; : 35419 1464 23 trunk trunk NN 35419 1464 24 , , , 35419 1464 25 straight straight JJ 35419 1464 26 , , , 35419 1464 27 columnar columnar NN 35419 1464 28 , , , 35419 1464 29 branches branch NNS 35419 1464 30 in in IN 35419 1464 31 whorls whorls NNP 35419 1464 32 , , , 35419 1464 33 cleans cleans NNPS 35419 1464 34 well well RB 35419 1464 35 in in IN 35419 1464 36 forest forest NN 35419 1464 37 ; ; : 35419 1464 38 bark bark NN 35419 1464 39 , , , 35419 1464 40 reddish reddish JJ 35419 1464 41 brown brown JJ 35419 1464 42 with with IN 35419 1464 43 thin thin JJ 35419 1464 44 irregular irregular JJ 35419 1464 45 scales scale NNS 35419 1464 46 ; ; : 35419 1464 47 leaves leave NNS 35419 1464 48 , , , 35419 1464 49 needle needle NN 35419 1464 50 - - HYPH 35419 1464 51 shaped shape VBN 35419 1464 52 , , , 35419 1464 53 four four CD 35419 1464 54 - - HYPH 35419 1464 55 sided sided JJ 35419 1464 56 , , , 35419 1464 57 pointing point VBG 35419 1464 58 everywhere everywhere RB 35419 1464 59 ; ; : 35419 1464 60 cones cone NNS 35419 1464 61 , , , 35419 1464 62 1 1 CD 35419 1464 63 - - SYM 35419 1464 64 1/4"-2 1/4"-2 CD 35419 1464 65 " " `` 35419 1464 66 long long JJ 35419 1464 67 , , , 35419 1464 68 pendent pendent NN 35419 1464 69 , , , 35419 1464 70 fall fall VBP 35419 1464 71 during during IN 35419 1464 72 the the DT 35419 1464 73 first first JJ 35419 1464 74 winter winter NN 35419 1464 75 . . . 35419 1465 1 APPEARANCE APPEARANCE NNP 35419 1465 2 OF of IN 35419 1465 3 WOOD wood NN 35419 1465 4 : : : 35419 1465 5 Color color NN 35419 1465 6 , , , 35419 1465 7 dull dull JJ 35419 1465 8 white white NN 35419 1465 9 with with IN 35419 1465 10 occasional occasional JJ 35419 1465 11 reddish reddish JJ 35419 1465 12 streaks streak NNS 35419 1465 13 ; ; : 35419 1465 14 sap sap NN 35419 1465 15 - - HYPH 35419 1465 16 wood wood NN 35419 1465 17 not not RB 35419 1465 18 distinct distinct JJ 35419 1465 19 ; ; : 35419 1465 20 non non JJ 35419 1465 21 - - JJ 35419 1465 22 porous porous JJ 35419 1465 23 ; ; : 35419 1465 24 rings ring NNS 35419 1465 25 , , , 35419 1465 26 summer summer NN 35419 1465 27 rings ring NNS 35419 1465 28 thin thin RB 35419 1465 29 , , , 35419 1465 30 but but CC 35419 1465 31 clearly clearly RB 35419 1465 32 defined define VBN 35419 1465 33 ; ; : 35419 1465 34 grain grain NN 35419 1465 35 , , , 35419 1465 36 straight straight JJ 35419 1465 37 ; ; : 35419 1465 38 rays ray NNS 35419 1465 39 , , , 35419 1465 40 faintly faintly RB 35419 1465 41 discernible discernible JJ 35419 1465 42 ; ; : 35419 1465 43 resin resin NN 35419 1465 44 ducts duct NNS 35419 1465 45 , , , 35419 1465 46 few few JJ 35419 1465 47 and and CC 35419 1465 48 small small JJ 35419 1465 49 . . . 35419 1466 1 PHYSICAL physical NN 35419 1466 2 QUALITIES quality NNS 35419 1466 3 : : : 35419 1466 4 Weight weight NN 35419 1466 5 , , , 35419 1466 6 light light NN 35419 1466 7 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1466 8 47th 47th NN 35419 1466 9 in in IN 35419 1466 10 this this DT 35419 1466 11 list list NN 35419 1466 12 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1466 13 ; ; : 35419 1466 14 28 28 CD 35419 1466 15 lbs lbs NN 35419 1466 16 . . . 35419 1467 1 per per IN 35419 1467 2 cu cu NNP 35419 1467 3 . . . 35419 1468 1 ft ft NNP 35419 1468 2 . . NNP 35419 1468 3 ; ; : 35419 1468 4 sp sp NNP 35419 1468 5 . . . 35419 1469 1 gr gr NNP 35419 1469 2 . . NNP 35419 1469 3 , , , 35419 1469 4 0.4584 0.4584 CD 35419 1469 5 ; ; : 35419 1469 6 medium medium NN 35419 1469 7 strong strong JJ 35419 1469 8 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1469 9 41st 41st NN 35419 1469 10 in in IN 35419 1469 11 this this DT 35419 1469 12 list list NN 35419 1469 13 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1469 14 ; ; , 35419 1469 15 elastic elastic JJ 35419 1469 16 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1469 17 21st 21st NN 35419 1469 18 in in IN 35419 1469 19 this this DT 35419 1469 20 list list NN 35419 1469 21 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1469 22 ; ; : 35419 1469 23 soft soft JJ 35419 1469 24 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1469 25 54th 54th JJ 35419 1469 26 in in IN 35419 1469 27 this this DT 35419 1469 28 list list NN 35419 1469 29 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1469 30 ; ; : 35419 1469 31 shrinkage shrinkage NN 35419 1469 32 , , , 35419 1469 33 3 3 CD 35419 1469 34 per per NN 35419 1469 35 cent cent NN 35419 1469 36 . . . 35419 1470 1 ; ; : 35419 1470 2 warps warps NNP 35419 1470 3 little little JJ 35419 1470 4 ; ; : 35419 1470 5 not not RB 35419 1470 6 durable durable JJ 35419 1470 7 ; ; : 35419 1470 8 easy easy JJ 35419 1470 9 to to IN 35419 1470 10 plane plane NN 35419 1470 11 , , , 35419 1470 12 tolerably tolerably RB 35419 1470 13 easy easy JJ 35419 1470 14 to to TO 35419 1470 15 saw see VBD 35419 1470 16 , , , 35419 1470 17 hard hard RB 35419 1470 18 to to TO 35419 1470 19 chisel chisel VB 35419 1470 20 neatly neatly RB 35419 1470 21 ; ; : 35419 1470 22 splits split NNS 35419 1470 23 easily easily RB 35419 1470 24 in in IN 35419 1470 25 nailing nail VBG 35419 1470 26 . . . 35419 1471 1 COMMON common JJ 35419 1471 2 USES use NNS 35419 1471 3 : : : 35419 1471 4 Sounding sound VBG 35419 1471 5 boards board NNS 35419 1471 6 , , , 35419 1471 7 construction construction NN 35419 1471 8 , , , 35419 1471 9 paper paper NN 35419 1471 10 pulp pulp NN 35419 1471 11 , , , 35419 1471 12 ladders ladder NNS 35419 1471 13 . . . 35419 1472 1 REMARKS remarks NN 35419 1472 2 : : : 35419 1472 3 The the DT 35419 1472 4 exudations exudation NNS 35419 1472 5 from from IN 35419 1472 6 this this DT 35419 1472 7 species specie NNS 35419 1472 8 are be VBP 35419 1472 9 used use VBN 35419 1472 10 as as IN 35419 1472 11 chewing chew VBG 35419 1472 12 gum gum NN 35419 1472 13 . . . 35419 1473 1 Bark bark NN 35419 1473 2 of of IN 35419 1473 3 twigs twig NNS 35419 1473 4 is be VBZ 35419 1473 5 used use VBN 35419 1473 6 in in IN 35419 1473 7 the the DT 35419 1473 8 domestic domestic JJ 35419 1473 9 manufacture manufacture NN 35419 1473 10 of of IN 35419 1473 11 beer beer NN 35419 1473 12 . . . 35419 1474 1 The the DT 35419 1474 2 use use NN 35419 1474 3 of of IN 35419 1474 4 the the DT 35419 1474 5 wood wood NN 35419 1474 6 for for IN 35419 1474 7 sounding sound VBG 35419 1474 8 boards board NNS 35419 1474 9 is be VBZ 35419 1474 10 due due JJ 35419 1474 11 to to IN 35419 1474 12 its -PRON- PRP$ 35419 1474 13 resonance resonance NN 35419 1474 14 , , , 35419 1474 15 and and CC 35419 1474 16 for for IN 35419 1474 17 ladders ladder NNS 35419 1474 18 to to IN 35419 1474 19 its -PRON- PRP$ 35419 1474 20 strength strength NN 35419 1474 21 and and CC 35419 1474 22 lightness lightness NN 35419 1474 23 . . . 35419 1475 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1475 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1475 3 : : : 35419 1475 4 Radial Radial NNP 35419 1475 5 Section Section NNP 35419 1475 6 , , , 35419 1475 7 life life NN 35419 1475 8 size size NN 35419 1475 9 . . . 35419 1475 10 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1476 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1476 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1476 3 : : : 35419 1476 4 Cross cross NN 35419 1476 5 - - NN 35419 1476 6 section section NNP 35419 1476 7 , , , 35419 1476 8 magnified magnify VBN 35419 1476 9 37 37 CD 35419 1476 10 - - HYPH 35419 1476 11 1/2 1/2 CD 35419 1476 12 diameters diameter NNS 35419 1476 13 . . . 35419 1476 14 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1477 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1477 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1477 3 : : : 35419 1477 4 Tangential Tangential NNP 35419 1477 5 Section Section NNP 35419 1477 6 , , , 35419 1477 7 life life NN 35419 1477 8 size size NN 35419 1477 9 . . . 35419 1477 10 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1478 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1478 2 Footnote Footnote NNP 35419 1478 3 A a NN 35419 1478 4 : : : 35419 1478 5 Not not RB 35419 1478 6 distinguished distinguish VBN 35419 1478 7 in in IN 35419 1478 8 the the DT 35419 1478 9 Jesup Jesup NNP 35419 1478 10 collection collection NN 35419 1478 11 from from IN 35419 1478 12 _ _ NNP 35419 1478 13 Picea Picea NNP 35419 1478 14 nigra nigra NN 35419 1478 15 _ _ NNP 35419 1478 16 . . . 35419 1478 17 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1479 1 14 14 CD 35419 1479 2 BLACK black NN 35419 1479 3 SPRUCE SPRUCE NNP 35419 1479 4 . . . 35419 1480 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1480 2 A a NN 35419 1480 3 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1480 4 _ _ NNP 35419 1480 5 Picea Picea NNP 35419 1480 6 mariana mariana NNP 35419 1480 7 _ _ NNP 35419 1480 8 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1480 9 Miller Miller NNP 35419 1480 10 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1480 11 B. B. NNP 35419 1480 12 S. S. NNP 35419 1480 13 P. P. NNP 35419 1480 14 _ _ NNP 35419 1480 15 Picea Picea NNP 35419 1480 16 nigra nigra NN 35419 1480 17 _ _ NNP 35419 1480 18 Link Link NNP 35419 1480 19 . . . 35419 1481 1 _ _ NNP 35419 1481 2 Picea Picea NNP 35419 1481 3 _ _ NNP 35419 1481 4 , , , 35419 1481 5 the the DT 35419 1481 6 classical classical JJ 35419 1481 7 Latin Latin NNP 35419 1481 8 name name NN 35419 1481 9 for for IN 35419 1481 10 the the DT 35419 1481 11 pitch pitch NN 35419 1481 12 pine pine NN 35419 1481 13 ; ; : 35419 1481 14 _ _ NNP 35419 1481 15 mariana mariana NNP 35419 1481 16 _ _ NNP 35419 1481 17 named name VBN 35419 1481 18 for for IN 35419 1481 19 Queen Queen NNP 35419 1481 20 Mary Mary NNP 35419 1481 21 ; ; : 35419 1481 22 black black JJ 35419 1481 23 and and CC 35419 1481 24 _ _ NNP 35419 1481 25 nigra nigra NN 35419 1481 26 _ _ NNP 35419 1481 27 refer refer VBP 35419 1481 28 to to IN 35419 1481 29 dark dark JJ 35419 1481 30 foliage foliage NN 35419 1481 31 . . . 35419 1482 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1482 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1482 3 : : : 35419 1482 4 Habitat Habitat NNP 35419 1482 5 . . . 35419 1482 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1483 1 HABITAT HABITAT NNP 35419 1483 2 : : : 35419 1483 3 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1483 4 See see VB 35419 1483 5 map map NN 35419 1483 6 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1483 7 ; ; : 35419 1483 8 best well RBS 35419 1483 9 in in IN 35419 1483 10 Canada Canada NNP 35419 1483 11 . . . 35419 1484 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1484 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1484 3 : : : 35419 1484 4 Leaf Leaf NNP 35419 1484 5 . . . 35419 1484 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1485 1 CHARACTERISTICS characteristic NNS 35419 1485 2 OF of IN 35419 1485 3 THE the DT 35419 1485 4 TREE tree NN 35419 1485 5 : : : 35419 1485 6 Height Height NNP 35419 1485 7 , , , 35419 1485 8 50'-80 50'-80 NNP 35419 1485 9 ' ' '' 35419 1485 10 and and CC 35419 1485 11 even even RB 35419 1485 12 100 100 CD 35419 1485 13 ' ' POS 35419 1485 14 ; ; : 35419 1485 15 diameter diameter NN 35419 1485 16 , , , 35419 1485 17 6"-1 6"-1 NNP 35419 1485 18 ' ' `` 35419 1485 19 even even RB 35419 1485 20 2 2 CD 35419 1485 21 ' ' '' 35419 1485 22 ; ; : 35419 1485 23 branches branch NNS 35419 1485 24 , , , 35419 1485 25 whorled whorle VBD 35419 1485 26 , , , 35419 1485 27 pendulous pendulous JJ 35419 1485 28 with with IN 35419 1485 29 upward upward JJ 35419 1485 30 curve curve NN 35419 1485 31 ; ; : 35419 1485 32 bark bark NN 35419 1485 33 , , , 35419 1485 34 gray gray JJ 35419 1485 35 , , , 35419 1485 36 loosely loosely RB 35419 1485 37 attached attached JJ 35419 1485 38 flakes flake NNS 35419 1485 39 ; ; : 35419 1485 40 leaves leave NNS 35419 1485 41 , , , 35419 1485 42 pale pale JJ 35419 1485 43 blue blue JJ 35419 1485 44 - - HYPH 35419 1485 45 green green JJ 35419 1485 46 , , , 35419 1485 47 spirally spirally RB 35419 1485 48 set set VBN 35419 1485 49 , , , 35419 1485 50 pointing point VBG 35419 1485 51 in in IN 35419 1485 52 all all DT 35419 1485 53 directions direction NNS 35419 1485 54 ; ; : 35419 1485 55 cones cone NNS 35419 1485 56 , , , 35419 1485 57 small small JJ 35419 1485 58 , , , 35419 1485 59 ovate ovate JJ 35419 1485 60 - - HYPH 35419 1485 61 oblong oblong JJ 35419 1485 62 , , , 35419 1485 63 persistent persistent JJ 35419 1485 64 for for IN 35419 1485 65 many many JJ 35419 1485 66 years year NNS 35419 1485 67 . . . 35419 1486 1 APPEARANCE APPEARANCE NNP 35419 1486 2 OF of IN 35419 1486 3 WOOD wood NN 35419 1486 4 : : : 35419 1486 5 Color color NN 35419 1486 6 , , , 35419 1486 7 pale pale JJ 35419 1486 8 , , , 35419 1486 9 reddish reddish JJ 35419 1486 10 , , , 35419 1486 11 sap sap NN 35419 1486 12 - - HYPH 35419 1486 13 wood wood NN 35419 1486 14 , , , 35419 1486 15 thin thin JJ 35419 1486 16 , , , 35419 1486 17 white white JJ 35419 1486 18 , , , 35419 1486 19 not not RB 35419 1486 20 very very RB 35419 1486 21 distinct distinct JJ 35419 1486 22 ; ; : 35419 1486 23 non non JJ 35419 1486 24 - - JJ 35419 1486 25 porous porous JJ 35419 1486 26 ; ; : 35419 1486 27 rings ring NNS 35419 1486 28 , , , 35419 1486 29 summer summer NN 35419 1486 30 wood wood NN 35419 1486 31 , , , 35419 1486 32 small small JJ 35419 1486 33 thin thin JJ 35419 1486 34 cells cell NNS 35419 1486 35 ; ; : 35419 1486 36 grain grain NN 35419 1486 37 , , , 35419 1486 38 straight straight JJ 35419 1486 39 ; ; : 35419 1486 40 rays ray NNS 35419 1486 41 , , , 35419 1486 42 few few JJ 35419 1486 43 , , , 35419 1486 44 conspicuous conspicuous JJ 35419 1486 45 ; ; : 35419 1486 46 resin resin NN 35419 1486 47 ducts duct NNS 35419 1486 48 , , , 35419 1486 49 few few JJ 35419 1486 50 and and CC 35419 1486 51 minute minute JJ 35419 1486 52 . . . 35419 1487 1 PHYSICAL physical NN 35419 1487 2 QUALITIES quality NNS 35419 1487 3 : : : 35419 1487 4 Weight weight NN 35419 1487 5 , , , 35419 1487 6 light light NN 35419 1487 7 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1487 8 47th 47th NN 35419 1487 9 in in IN 35419 1487 10 this this DT 35419 1487 11 list list NN 35419 1487 12 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1487 13 ; ; : 35419 1487 14 33 33 CD 35419 1487 15 lbs lbs NN 35419 1487 16 . . . 35419 1488 1 per per IN 35419 1488 2 cu cu NNP 35419 1488 3 . . . 35419 1489 1 ft ft NNP 35419 1489 2 . . NNP 35419 1489 3 ; ; : 35419 1489 4 sp sp NNP 35419 1489 5 . . . 35419 1490 1 gr gr NNP 35419 1490 2 . . NNP 35419 1490 3 , , , 35419 1490 4 0.4584 0.4584 CD 35419 1490 5 ; ; : 35419 1490 6 medium medium NN 35419 1490 7 strong strong JJ 35419 1490 8 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1490 9 41st 41st NN 35419 1490 10 in in IN 35419 1490 11 this this DT 35419 1490 12 list list NN 35419 1490 13 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1490 14 ; ; , 35419 1490 15 elastic elastic JJ 35419 1490 16 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1490 17 21st 21st NN 35419 1490 18 in in IN 35419 1490 19 this this DT 35419 1490 20 list list NN 35419 1490 21 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1490 22 ; ; : 35419 1490 23 soft soft JJ 35419 1490 24 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1490 25 54th 54th JJ 35419 1490 26 in in IN 35419 1490 27 this this DT 35419 1490 28 list list NN 35419 1490 29 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1490 30 ; ; : 35419 1490 31 shrinkage shrinkage NN 35419 1490 32 , , , 35419 1490 33 3 3 CD 35419 1490 34 per per NN 35419 1490 35 cent cent NN 35419 1490 36 . . . 35419 1491 1 ; ; : 35419 1491 2 warps warps NNP 35419 1491 3 little little JJ 35419 1491 4 ; ; : 35419 1491 5 not not RB 35419 1491 6 durable durable JJ 35419 1491 7 ; ; : 35419 1491 8 easy easy JJ 35419 1491 9 to to TO 35419 1491 10 work work VB 35419 1491 11 ; ; : 35419 1491 12 splits split VBZ 35419 1491 13 easily easily RB 35419 1491 14 in in IN 35419 1491 15 nailing nail VBG 35419 1491 16 . . . 35419 1492 1 COMMON common JJ 35419 1492 2 USES use NNS 35419 1492 3 : : : 35419 1492 4 Sounding sound VBG 35419 1492 5 boards board NNS 35419 1492 6 , , , 35419 1492 7 lumber lumber NN 35419 1492 8 in in IN 35419 1492 9 Manitoba Manitoba NNP 35419 1492 10 . . . 35419 1493 1 REMARKS remarks NN 35419 1493 2 : : : 35419 1493 3 Not not RB 35419 1493 4 distinguished distinguish VBN 35419 1493 5 from from IN 35419 1493 6 Red Red NNP 35419 1493 7 Spruce Spruce NNP 35419 1493 8 commercially commercially RB 35419 1493 9 . . . 35419 1494 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1494 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1494 3 : : : 35419 1494 4 Radial Radial NNP 35419 1494 5 Section Section NNP 35419 1494 6 , , , 35419 1494 7 life life NN 35419 1494 8 size size NN 35419 1494 9 . . . 35419 1494 10 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1495 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1495 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1495 3 : : : 35419 1495 4 Cross cross NN 35419 1495 5 - - NN 35419 1495 6 section section NNP 35419 1495 7 , , , 35419 1495 8 magnified magnify VBN 35419 1495 9 37 37 CD 35419 1495 10 - - HYPH 35419 1495 11 1/2 1/2 CD 35419 1495 12 diameters diameter NNS 35419 1495 13 . . . 35419 1495 14 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1496 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1496 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1496 3 : : : 35419 1496 4 Tangential Tangential NNP 35419 1496 5 Section Section NNP 35419 1496 6 , , , 35419 1496 7 life life NN 35419 1496 8 size size NN 35419 1496 9 . . . 35419 1496 10 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1497 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1497 2 Footnote Footnote NNP 35419 1497 3 A a NN 35419 1497 4 : : : 35419 1497 5 Not not RB 35419 1497 6 distinguished distinguish VBN 35419 1497 7 in in IN 35419 1497 8 Jesup Jesup NNP 35419 1497 9 Collection Collection NNP 35419 1497 10 from from IN 35419 1497 11 _ _ NNP 35419 1497 12 Picea Picea NNP 35419 1497 13 rubens ruben VBZ 35419 1497 14 _ _ NNP 35419 1497 15 . . . 35419 1497 16 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1498 1 15 15 CD 35419 1498 2 WHITE WHITE NNP 35419 1498 3 SPRUCE SPRUCE NNP 35419 1498 4 . . . 35419 1499 1 ENGELMANN ENGELMANN NNS 35419 1499 2 'S be VBZ 35419 1499 3 SPRUCE spruce NN 35419 1499 4 . . . 35419 1500 1 _ _ NNP 35419 1500 2 Picea Picea NNP 35419 1500 3 engelmanni engelmanni NNP 35419 1500 4 _ _ NNP 35419 1500 5 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1500 6 Parry Parry NNP 35419 1500 7 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1500 8 Engelmann Engelmann NNP 35419 1500 9 . . . 35419 1501 1 Named name VBN 35419 1501 2 for for IN 35419 1501 3 George George NNP 35419 1501 4 Engelmann Engelmann NNP 35419 1501 5 , , , 35419 1501 6 an an DT 35419 1501 7 American american JJ 35419 1501 8 botanist botanist NN 35419 1501 9 . . . 35419 1502 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1502 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1502 3 : : : 35419 1502 4 Habitat Habitat NNP 35419 1502 5 . . . 35419 1502 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1503 1 HABITAT HABITAT NNP 35419 1503 2 : : : 35419 1503 3 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1503 4 See see VB 35419 1503 5 map map NN 35419 1503 6 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1503 7 ; ; : 35419 1503 8 grows grow VBZ 35419 1503 9 at at IN 35419 1503 10 very very RB 35419 1503 11 high high JJ 35419 1503 12 elevations elevation NNS 35419 1503 13 , , , 35419 1503 14 forming form VBG 35419 1503 15 forest forest NN 35419 1503 16 at at IN 35419 1503 17 8,000'-10,000 8,000'-10,000 NNP 35419 1503 18 ' ' '' 35419 1503 19 ; ; : 35419 1503 20 best good JJS 35419 1503 21 in in IN 35419 1503 22 British British NNP 35419 1503 23 Columbia Columbia NNP 35419 1503 24 . . . 35419 1504 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1504 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1504 3 : : : 35419 1504 4 Leaf Leaf NNP 35419 1504 5 . . . 35419 1504 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1505 1 CHARACTERISTICS characteristic NNS 35419 1505 2 OF of IN 35419 1505 3 THE the DT 35419 1505 4 TREE tree NN 35419 1505 5 : : : 35419 1505 6 Height height NN 35419 1505 7 , , , 35419 1505 8 75'-100 75'-100 CD 35419 1505 9 ' ' POS 35419 1505 10 , , , 35419 1505 11 even even RB 35419 1505 12 150 150 CD 35419 1505 13 ' ' POS 35419 1505 14 ; ; : 35419 1505 15 diameter diameter NN 35419 1505 16 , , , 35419 1505 17 2'-3 2'-3 CD 35419 1505 18 ' ' '' 35419 1505 19 , , , 35419 1505 20 even even RB 35419 1505 21 5 5 CD 35419 1505 22 ' ' '' 35419 1505 23 ; ; : 35419 1505 24 branches branch NNS 35419 1505 25 whorled whorle VBD 35419 1505 26 , , , 35419 1505 27 spreading spread VBG 35419 1505 28 ; ; : 35419 1505 29 bark bark NN 35419 1505 30 , , , 35419 1505 31 deeply deeply RB 35419 1505 32 furrowed furrowed JJ 35419 1505 33 , , , 35419 1505 34 red red JJ 35419 1505 35 - - HYPH 35419 1505 36 brown brown JJ 35419 1505 37 to to IN 35419 1505 38 purplish purplish NNP 35419 1505 39 brown brown NNP 35419 1505 40 , , , 35419 1505 41 thin thin JJ 35419 1505 42 , , , 35419 1505 43 large large JJ 35419 1505 44 , , , 35419 1505 45 loose loose JJ 35419 1505 46 scales scale NNS 35419 1505 47 ; ; : 35419 1505 48 leaves leave NNS 35419 1505 49 , , , 35419 1505 50 blue blue JJ 35419 1505 51 - - HYPH 35419 1505 52 green green JJ 35419 1505 53 , , , 35419 1505 54 point point NN 35419 1505 55 in in IN 35419 1505 56 all all DT 35419 1505 57 directions direction NNS 35419 1505 58 ; ; : 35419 1505 59 cones cone NNS 35419 1505 60 , , , 35419 1505 61 2 2 CD 35419 1505 62 " " `` 35419 1505 63 long long JJ 35419 1505 64 , , , 35419 1505 65 oblong oblong JJ 35419 1505 66 , , , 35419 1505 67 cylindrical cylindrical JJ 35419 1505 68 . . . 35419 1506 1 APPEARANCE APPEARANCE NNP 35419 1506 2 OF of IN 35419 1506 3 WOOD wood NN 35419 1506 4 : : : 35419 1506 5 Color color NN 35419 1506 6 , , , 35419 1506 7 pale pale JJ 35419 1506 8 yellow yellow JJ 35419 1506 9 or or CC 35419 1506 10 reddish reddish JJ 35419 1506 11 , , , 35419 1506 12 sap sap NN 35419 1506 13 - - HYPH 35419 1506 14 wood wood NN 35419 1506 15 hardly hardly RB 35419 1506 16 distinguishable distinguishable JJ 35419 1506 17 ; ; : 35419 1506 18 non non JJ 35419 1506 19 - - JJ 35419 1506 20 porous porous JJ 35419 1506 21 ; ; : 35419 1506 22 rings ring NNS 35419 1506 23 , , , 35419 1506 24 very very RB 35419 1506 25 fine fine JJ 35419 1506 26 , , , 35419 1506 27 summer summer NN 35419 1506 28 wood wood NN 35419 1506 29 , , , 35419 1506 30 narrow narrow JJ 35419 1506 31 , , , 35419 1506 32 not not RB 35419 1506 33 conspicuous conspicuous JJ 35419 1506 34 ; ; : 35419 1506 35 grain grain NN 35419 1506 36 , , , 35419 1506 37 straight straight RB 35419 1506 38 , , , 35419 1506 39 close close JJ 35419 1506 40 ; ; : 35419 1506 41 rays ray NNS 35419 1506 42 , , , 35419 1506 43 numerous numerous JJ 35419 1506 44 , , , 35419 1506 45 conspicuous conspicuous JJ 35419 1506 46 ; ; : 35419 1506 47 resin resin NN 35419 1506 48 ducts duct NNS 35419 1506 49 , , , 35419 1506 50 small small JJ 35419 1506 51 and and CC 35419 1506 52 few few JJ 35419 1506 53 . . . 35419 1507 1 PHYSICAL physical NN 35419 1507 2 QUALITIES quality NNS 35419 1507 3 : : : 35419 1507 4 Weight weight NN 35419 1507 5 , , , 35419 1507 6 very very RB 35419 1507 7 light light JJ 35419 1507 8 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1507 9 57th 57th JJ 35419 1507 10 in in IN 35419 1507 11 this this DT 35419 1507 12 list list NN 35419 1507 13 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1507 14 ; ; : 35419 1507 15 22 22 CD 35419 1507 16 lbs lbs NN 35419 1507 17 . . . 35419 1508 1 per per IN 35419 1508 2 cu cu NNP 35419 1508 3 . . . 35419 1509 1 ft ft NNP 35419 1509 2 . . NNP 35419 1509 3 ; ; : 35419 1509 4 sp sp NNP 35419 1509 5 . . . 35419 1510 1 gr gr NNP 35419 1510 2 . . . 35419 1511 1 0.3449 0.3449 CD 35419 1511 2 ; ; : 35419 1511 3 weak weak JJ 35419 1511 4 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1511 5 61st 61st NN 35419 1511 6 in in IN 35419 1511 7 this this DT 35419 1511 8 list list NN 35419 1511 9 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1511 10 ; ; : 35419 1511 11 elasticity elasticity NN 35419 1511 12 medium medium NN 35419 1511 13 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1511 14 55th 55th NN 35419 1511 15 in in IN 35419 1511 16 this this DT 35419 1511 17 list list NN 35419 1511 18 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1511 19 ; ; : 35419 1511 20 soft soft JJ 35419 1511 21 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1511 22 56th 56th JJ 35419 1511 23 in in IN 35419 1511 24 this this DT 35419 1511 25 list list NN 35419 1511 26 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1511 27 ; ; : 35419 1511 28 shrinkage shrinkage NN 35419 1511 29 , , , 35419 1511 30 3 3 CD 35419 1511 31 per per NN 35419 1511 32 cent cent NN 35419 1511 33 . . . 35419 1512 1 ; ; : 35419 1512 2 warps warps NNP 35419 1512 3 ......... ......... NFP 35419 1512 4 ; ; : 35419 1512 5 durable durable JJ 35419 1512 6 ; ; : 35419 1512 7 easy easy JJ 35419 1512 8 to to TO 35419 1512 9 work work VB 35419 1512 10 ; ; : 35419 1512 11 splits split VBZ 35419 1512 12 easily easily RB 35419 1512 13 . . . 35419 1513 1 COMMON common JJ 35419 1513 2 USES use NNS 35419 1513 3 : : : 35419 1513 4 Lumber lumber NN 35419 1513 5 . . . 35419 1514 1 REMARKS remarks NN 35419 1514 2 : : : 35419 1514 3 A a DT 35419 1514 4 valuable valuable JJ 35419 1514 5 lumber lumber NN 35419 1514 6 tree tree NN 35419 1514 7 in in IN 35419 1514 8 the the DT 35419 1514 9 Rocky Rocky NNP 35419 1514 10 Mountains Mountains NNPS 35419 1514 11 and and CC 35419 1514 12 the the DT 35419 1514 13 Cascades Cascades NNPS 35419 1514 14 . . . 35419 1515 1 Bark Bark NNP 35419 1515 2 used use VBN 35419 1515 3 for for IN 35419 1515 4 tanning tanning NN 35419 1515 5 . . . 35419 1516 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1516 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1516 3 : : : 35419 1516 4 Radial Radial NNP 35419 1516 5 Section Section NNP 35419 1516 6 , , , 35419 1516 7 life life NN 35419 1516 8 size size NN 35419 1516 9 . . . 35419 1516 10 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1517 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1517 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1517 3 : : : 35419 1517 4 Cross cross NN 35419 1517 5 - - NN 35419 1517 6 section section NNP 35419 1517 7 , , , 35419 1517 8 magnified magnify VBN 35419 1517 9 37 37 CD 35419 1517 10 - - HYPH 35419 1517 11 1/2 1/2 CD 35419 1517 12 diameters diameter NNS 35419 1517 13 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1517 14 . . . 35419 1518 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1518 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1518 3 : : : 35419 1518 4 Tangential Tangential NNP 35419 1518 5 Section Section NNP 35419 1518 6 , , , 35419 1518 7 life life NN 35419 1518 8 size size NN 35419 1518 9 . . . 35419 1518 10 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1519 1 16 16 CD 35419 1519 2 TIDELAND TIDELAND NNP 35419 1519 3 SPRUCE SPRUCE NNP 35419 1519 4 . . . 35419 1520 1 SITKA SITKA NNP 35419 1520 2 SPRUCE SPRUCE NNP 35419 1520 3 . . . 35419 1521 1 _ _ NNP 35419 1521 2 Picea Picea NNP 35419 1521 3 sitchensis sitchensis NN 35419 1521 4 _ _ NNP 35419 1521 5 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1521 6 Bongard Bongard NNP 35419 1521 7 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1521 8 Carrière Carrière NNP 35419 1521 9 . . . 35419 1522 1 _ _ NNP 35419 1522 2 Picea Picea NNP 35419 1522 3 _ _ NNP 35419 1522 4 , , , 35419 1522 5 the the DT 35419 1522 6 classical classical JJ 35419 1522 7 Latin Latin NNP 35419 1522 8 name name NN 35419 1522 9 for for IN 35419 1522 10 the the DT 35419 1522 11 pitch pitch NN 35419 1522 12 pine pine NN 35419 1522 13 . . . 35419 1523 1 Tideland Tideland NNP 35419 1523 2 refers refer VBZ 35419 1523 3 to to IN 35419 1523 4 its -PRON- PRP$ 35419 1523 5 habit habit NN 35419 1523 6 of of IN 35419 1523 7 growth growth NN 35419 1523 8 along along IN 35419 1523 9 the the DT 35419 1523 10 sea sea NN 35419 1523 11 coast coast NN 35419 1523 12 ; ; : 35419 1523 13 _ _ NNP 35419 1523 14 sitchensis sitchensis NNP 35419 1523 15 _ _ NNP 35419 1523 16 , , , 35419 1523 17 named name VBN 35419 1523 18 for for IN 35419 1523 19 Sitka Sitka NNP 35419 1523 20 . . . 35419 1524 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1524 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1524 3 : : : 35419 1524 4 Habitat Habitat NNP 35419 1524 5 . . . 35419 1524 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1525 1 HABITAT HABITAT NNP 35419 1525 2 : : : 35419 1525 3 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1525 4 See see VB 35419 1525 5 map map NN 35419 1525 6 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1525 7 ; ; : 35419 1525 8 best well RBS 35419 1525 9 on on IN 35419 1525 10 Pacific Pacific NNP 35419 1525 11 slope slope NN 35419 1525 12 of of IN 35419 1525 13 British British NNP 35419 1525 14 Columbia Columbia NNP 35419 1525 15 and and CC 35419 1525 16 northwestern northwestern JJ 35419 1525 17 United United NNP 35419 1525 18 States States NNP 35419 1525 19 . . . 35419 1526 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1526 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1526 3 : : : 35419 1526 4 Leaf Leaf NNP 35419 1526 5 . . . 35419 1526 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1527 1 CHARACTERISTICS characteristic NNS 35419 1527 2 OF of IN 35419 1527 3 THE the DT 35419 1527 4 TREE tree NN 35419 1527 5 : : : 35419 1527 6 Height height NN 35419 1527 7 , , , 35419 1527 8 100'-150 100'-150 CD 35419 1527 9 ' ' POS 35419 1527 10 and and CC 35419 1527 11 even even RB 35419 1527 12 200 200 CD 35419 1527 13 ' ' POS 35419 1527 14 high high JJ 35419 1527 15 ; ; : 35419 1527 16 diameter diameter NN 35419 1527 17 3'-4 3'-4 CD 35419 1527 18 ' ' '' 35419 1527 19 and and CC 35419 1527 20 even even RB 35419 1527 21 15 15 CD 35419 1527 22 ' ' '' 35419 1527 23 ; ; : 35419 1527 24 trunk trunk NN 35419 1527 25 base base NN 35419 1527 26 enlarged enlarge VBD 35419 1527 27 ; ; : 35419 1527 28 bark bark NN 35419 1527 29 , , , 35419 1527 30 thick thick JJ 35419 1527 31 , , , 35419 1527 32 red red JJ 35419 1527 33 - - HYPH 35419 1527 34 brown brown JJ 35419 1527 35 , , , 35419 1527 36 scaly scaly NNP 35419 1527 37 ; ; : 35419 1527 38 leaves leave NNS 35419 1527 39 , , , 35419 1527 40 standing stand VBG 35419 1527 41 out out RP 35419 1527 42 in in IN 35419 1527 43 all all DT 35419 1527 44 directions direction NNS 35419 1527 45 ; ; : 35419 1527 46 cones cone NNS 35419 1527 47 , , , 35419 1527 48 2 2 CD 35419 1527 49 - - SYM 35419 1527 50 1/2"-4 1/2"-4 CD 35419 1527 51 " " `` 35419 1527 52 long long JJ 35419 1527 53 , , , 35419 1527 54 pendent pendent NN 35419 1527 55 , , , 35419 1527 56 cylindrical cylindrical JJ 35419 1527 57 , , , 35419 1527 58 oval oval NN 35419 1527 59 . . . 35419 1528 1 APPEARANCE APPEARANCE NNP 35419 1528 2 OF of IN 35419 1528 3 WOOD wood NN 35419 1528 4 : : : 35419 1528 5 Color color NN 35419 1528 6 , , , 35419 1528 7 light light NN 35419 1528 8 brown brown NNP 35419 1528 9 , , , 35419 1528 10 sap sap NN 35419 1528 11 - - HYPH 35419 1528 12 wood wood NN 35419 1528 13 whitish whitish NN 35419 1528 14 ; ; : 35419 1528 15 non non JJ 35419 1528 16 - - JJ 35419 1528 17 porous porous JJ 35419 1528 18 ; ; : 35419 1528 19 rings ring NNS 35419 1528 20 , , , 35419 1528 21 wide wide JJ 35419 1528 22 , , , 35419 1528 23 summer summer NN 35419 1528 24 wood wood NN 35419 1528 25 , , , 35419 1528 26 thin thin JJ 35419 1528 27 but but CC 35419 1528 28 very very RB 35419 1528 29 distinct distinct JJ 35419 1528 30 , , , 35419 1528 31 spring spring NN 35419 1528 32 wood wood NN 35419 1528 33 , , , 35419 1528 34 not not RB 35419 1528 35 plain plain JJ 35419 1528 36 ; ; : 35419 1528 37 grain grain NN 35419 1528 38 , , , 35419 1528 39 straight straight JJ 35419 1528 40 , , , 35419 1528 41 coarse coarse JJ 35419 1528 42 ; ; : 35419 1528 43 rays ray NNS 35419 1528 44 , , , 35419 1528 45 numerous numerous JJ 35419 1528 46 , , , 35419 1528 47 rather rather RB 35419 1528 48 prominent prominent JJ 35419 1528 49 ; ; : 35419 1528 50 resin resin NN 35419 1528 51 ducts duct NNS 35419 1528 52 , , , 35419 1528 53 few few JJ 35419 1528 54 and and CC 35419 1528 55 small small JJ 35419 1528 56 . . . 35419 1529 1 PHYSICAL physical NN 35419 1529 2 QUALITIES quality NNS 35419 1529 3 : : : 35419 1529 4 Weight weight NN 35419 1529 5 , , , 35419 1529 6 light light NN 35419 1529 7 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1529 8 52d 52d NNS 35419 1529 9 in in IN 35419 1529 10 this this DT 35419 1529 11 list list NN 35419 1529 12 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1529 13 ; ; : 35419 1529 14 27 27 CD 35419 1529 15 lbs lbs NN 35419 1529 16 . . . 35419 1530 1 per per IN 35419 1530 2 cu cu NNP 35419 1530 3 . . . 35419 1531 1 ft ft NNP 35419 1531 2 . . NNP 35419 1531 3 ; ; : 35419 1531 4 sp sp NNP 35419 1531 5 . . . 35419 1532 1 gr gr NNP 35419 1532 2 . . . 35419 1533 1 0.4287 0.4287 LS 35419 1533 2 ; ; : 35419 1533 3 medium medium NN 35419 1533 4 strong strong JJ 35419 1533 5 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1533 6 53d 53d NNS 35419 1533 7 in in IN 35419 1533 8 this this DT 35419 1533 9 list list NN 35419 1533 10 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1533 11 ; ; , 35419 1533 12 elastic elastic JJ 35419 1533 13 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1533 14 31st 31st NN 35419 1533 15 in in IN 35419 1533 16 this this DT 35419 1533 17 list list NN 35419 1533 18 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1533 19 ; ; : 35419 1533 20 soft soft JJ 35419 1533 21 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1533 22 59th 59th JJ 35419 1533 23 in in IN 35419 1533 24 this this DT 35419 1533 25 list list NN 35419 1533 26 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1533 27 ; ; : 35419 1533 28 shrinkage shrinkage NN 35419 1533 29 , , , 35419 1533 30 3 3 CD 35419 1533 31 per per NN 35419 1533 32 cent cent NN 35419 1533 33 . . . 35419 1534 1 ; ; : 35419 1534 2 warps warps NNP 35419 1534 3 ........... ........... NFP 35419 1534 4 ; ; : 35419 1534 5 durable durable JJ 35419 1534 6 ; ; : 35419 1534 7 easy easy JJ 35419 1534 8 to to TO 35419 1534 9 work work VB 35419 1534 10 ; ; : 35419 1534 11 splits split VBZ 35419 1534 12 easily easily RB 35419 1534 13 . . . 35419 1535 1 COMMON common JJ 35419 1535 2 USES use NNS 35419 1535 3 : : : 35419 1535 4 Interior interior JJ 35419 1535 5 finish finish NN 35419 1535 6 , , , 35419 1535 7 boat boat NN 35419 1535 8 building building NN 35419 1535 9 and and CC 35419 1535 10 cooperage cooperage NN 35419 1535 11 . . . 35419 1536 1 REMARKS remarks NN 35419 1536 2 : : : 35419 1536 3 Largest large JJS 35419 1536 4 of of IN 35419 1536 5 the the DT 35419 1536 6 spruces spruce NNS 35419 1536 7 . . . 35419 1537 1 Common common JJ 35419 1537 2 in in IN 35419 1537 3 the the DT 35419 1537 4 coast coast NNP 35419 1537 5 belt belt NNP 35419 1537 6 forest forest NNP 35419 1537 7 . . . 35419 1538 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1538 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1538 3 : : : 35419 1538 4 Radial Radial NNP 35419 1538 5 Section Section NNP 35419 1538 6 , , , 35419 1538 7 life life NN 35419 1538 8 size size NN 35419 1538 9 . . . 35419 1538 10 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1539 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1539 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1539 3 : : : 35419 1539 4 Cross cross NN 35419 1539 5 - - NN 35419 1539 6 section section NNP 35419 1539 7 , , , 35419 1539 8 magnified magnify VBN 35419 1539 9 37 37 CD 35419 1539 10 - - HYPH 35419 1539 11 1/2 1/2 CD 35419 1539 12 diameters diameter NNS 35419 1539 13 . . . 35419 1539 14 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1540 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1540 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1540 3 : : : 35419 1540 4 Tangential Tangential NNP 35419 1540 5 Section Section NNP 35419 1540 6 , , , 35419 1540 7 life life NN 35419 1540 8 size size NN 35419 1540 9 . . . 35419 1540 10 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1541 1 17 17 CD 35419 1541 2 HEMLOCK HEMLOCK NNP 35419 1541 3 . . . 35419 1542 1 _ _ NNP 35419 1542 2 Tsuga Tsuga NNP 35419 1542 3 canadensis canadensis NN 35419 1542 4 _ _ NNP 35419 1542 5 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1542 6 Linnaeus Linnaeus NNP 35419 1542 7 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1542 8 Carrière Carrière NNP 35419 1542 9 . . . 35419 1543 1 _ _ NNP 35419 1543 2 Tsuga Tsuga NNP 35419 1543 3 _ _ NNP 35419 1543 4 , , , 35419 1543 5 the the DT 35419 1543 6 Japanese japanese JJ 35419 1543 7 name name NN 35419 1543 8 latinized latinize VBN 35419 1543 9 ; ; : 35419 1543 10 _ _ NNP 35419 1543 11 canadensis canadensis NN 35419 1543 12 _ _ NNP 35419 1543 13 named name VBN 35419 1543 14 for for IN 35419 1543 15 Canada Canada NNP 35419 1543 16 . . . 35419 1544 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1544 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1544 3 : : : 35419 1544 4 Habitat Habitat NNP 35419 1544 5 . . . 35419 1544 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1545 1 HABITAT HABITAT NNP 35419 1545 2 : : : 35419 1545 3 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1545 4 See see VB 35419 1545 5 map map NN 35419 1545 6 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1545 7 ; ; : 35419 1545 8 best good JJS 35419 1545 9 in in IN 35419 1545 10 North North NNP 35419 1545 11 Carolina Carolina NNP 35419 1545 12 and and CC 35419 1545 13 Tennessee Tennessee NNP 35419 1545 14 . . . 35419 1546 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1546 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1546 3 : : : 35419 1546 4 Leaf Leaf NNP 35419 1546 5 . . . 35419 1546 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1547 1 CHARACTERISTICS characteristic NNS 35419 1547 2 OF of IN 35419 1547 3 THE the DT 35419 1547 4 TREE tree NN 35419 1547 5 : : : 35419 1547 6 Height Height NNP 35419 1547 7 , , , 35419 1547 8 60'-70 60'-70 NNP 35419 1547 9 ' ' POS 35419 1547 10 , , , 35419 1547 11 sometimes sometimes RB 35419 1547 12 100 100 CD 35419 1547 13 ' ' POS 35419 1547 14 ; ; : 35419 1547 15 diameter diameter NN 35419 1547 16 , , , 35419 1547 17 2'-3 2'-3 CD 35419 1547 18 ' ' '' 35419 1547 19 ; ; : 35419 1547 20 branches branch NNS 35419 1547 21 , , , 35419 1547 22 persistent persistent JJ 35419 1547 23 , , , 35419 1547 24 making make VBG 35419 1547 25 trunk trunk NN 35419 1547 26 not not RB 35419 1547 27 very very RB 35419 1547 28 clean clean JJ 35419 1547 29 ; ; : 35419 1547 30 bark bark NN 35419 1547 31 , , , 35419 1547 32 red red JJ 35419 1547 33 - - HYPH 35419 1547 34 gray gray JJ 35419 1547 35 , , , 35419 1547 36 narrow narrow JJ 35419 1547 37 , , , 35419 1547 38 rounded rounded JJ 35419 1547 39 ridges ridge NNS 35419 1547 40 , , , 35419 1547 41 deeply deeply RB 35419 1547 42 and and CC 35419 1547 43 irregularly irregularly RB 35419 1547 44 fissured fissure VBN 35419 1547 45 ; ; : 35419 1547 46 leaves leave NNS 35419 1547 47 , , , 35419 1547 48 spirally spirally RB 35419 1547 49 arranged arrange VBN 35419 1547 50 , , , 35419 1547 51 but but CC 35419 1547 52 appear appear VB 35419 1547 53 two two CD 35419 1547 54 - - HYPH 35419 1547 55 ranked ranked JJ 35419 1547 56 ; ; : 35419 1547 57 cones cone NNS 35419 1547 58 , , , 35419 1547 59 3/4 3/4 CD 35419 1547 60 " " `` 35419 1547 61 long long JJ 35419 1547 62 , , , 35419 1547 63 graceful graceful JJ 35419 1547 64 . . . 35419 1548 1 APPEARANCE APPEARANCE NNP 35419 1548 2 OF of IN 35419 1548 3 WOOD wood NN 35419 1548 4 : : : 35419 1548 5 Color color NN 35419 1548 6 , , , 35419 1548 7 reddish reddish JJ 35419 1548 8 brown brown NN 35419 1548 9 , , , 35419 1548 10 sap sap NN 35419 1548 11 - - HYPH 35419 1548 12 wood wood NN 35419 1548 13 just just RB 35419 1548 14 distinguishable distinguishable JJ 35419 1548 15 ; ; : 35419 1548 16 non non JJ 35419 1548 17 - - JJ 35419 1548 18 porous porous JJ 35419 1548 19 ; ; : 35419 1548 20 rings ring NNS 35419 1548 21 , , , 35419 1548 22 rather rather RB 35419 1548 23 broad broad JJ 35419 1548 24 , , , 35419 1548 25 conspicuous conspicuous JJ 35419 1548 26 ; ; : 35419 1548 27 grain grain NN 35419 1548 28 , , , 35419 1548 29 crooked crooked JJ 35419 1548 30 ; ; : 35419 1548 31 rays ray NNS 35419 1548 32 , , , 35419 1548 33 numerous numerous JJ 35419 1548 34 , , , 35419 1548 35 thin thin JJ 35419 1548 36 ; ; : 35419 1548 37 non non JJ 35419 1548 38 - - JJ 35419 1548 39 resinous resinous JJ 35419 1548 40 . . . 35419 1549 1 PHYSICAL physical NN 35419 1549 2 QUALITIES quality NNS 35419 1549 3 : : : 35419 1549 4 Weight weight NN 35419 1549 5 , , , 35419 1549 6 light light NN 35419 1549 7 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1549 8 53d 53d NNS 35419 1549 9 in in IN 35419 1549 10 this this DT 35419 1549 11 list list NN 35419 1549 12 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1549 13 ; ; : 35419 1549 14 26 26 CD 35419 1549 15 lbs lbs NN 35419 1549 16 . . . 35419 1550 1 per per IN 35419 1550 2 cu cu NNP 35419 1550 3 . . . 35419 1551 1 ft ft NNP 35419 1551 2 . . NNP 35419 1551 3 ; ; : 35419 1551 4 sp sp NNP 35419 1551 5 . . . 35419 1552 1 gr gr NNP 35419 1552 2 . . . 35419 1553 1 0.4239 0.4239 CD 35419 1553 2 ; ; : 35419 1553 3 medium medium NN 35419 1553 4 strong strong JJ 35419 1553 5 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1553 6 44th 44th JJ 35419 1553 7 in in IN 35419 1553 8 this this DT 35419 1553 9 list list NN 35419 1553 10 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1553 11 ; ; : 35419 1553 12 elasticity elasticity NN 35419 1553 13 , , , 35419 1553 14 medium medium NNP 35419 1553 15 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1553 16 40th 40th NN 35419 1553 17 in in IN 35419 1553 18 this this DT 35419 1553 19 list list NN 35419 1553 20 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1553 21 ; ; : 35419 1553 22 soft soft JJ 35419 1553 23 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1553 24 51st 51st JJ 35419 1553 25 in in IN 35419 1553 26 this this DT 35419 1553 27 list list NN 35419 1553 28 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1553 29 ; ; : 35419 1553 30 shrinkage shrinkage NN 35419 1553 31 , , , 35419 1553 32 3 3 CD 35419 1553 33 per per NN 35419 1553 34 cent cent NN 35419 1553 35 . . . 35419 1554 1 ; ; : 35419 1554 2 warps warp NNS 35419 1554 3 and and CC 35419 1554 4 checks check NNS 35419 1554 5 badly badly RB 35419 1554 6 ; ; : 35419 1554 7 not not RB 35419 1554 8 durable durable JJ 35419 1554 9 ; ; : 35419 1554 10 difficult difficult JJ 35419 1554 11 to to TO 35419 1554 12 work work VB 35419 1554 13 , , , 35419 1554 14 splintery splintery NN 35419 1554 15 , , , 35419 1554 16 brittle brittle JJ 35419 1554 17 ; ; : 35419 1554 18 splits split VBZ 35419 1554 19 easily easily RB 35419 1554 20 , , , 35419 1554 21 holds hold VBZ 35419 1554 22 nails nail NNS 35419 1554 23 well well RB 35419 1554 24 . . . 35419 1555 1 COMMON common JJ 35419 1555 2 USES use NNS 35419 1555 3 : : : 35419 1555 4 Coarse coarse JJ 35419 1555 5 , , , 35419 1555 6 cheap cheap JJ 35419 1555 7 lumber lumber NN 35419 1555 8 , , , 35419 1555 9 as as IN 35419 1555 10 joists joist NNS 35419 1555 11 , , , 35419 1555 12 rafters rafter NNS 35419 1555 13 , , , 35419 1555 14 plank plank NNP 35419 1555 15 walks walk VBZ 35419 1555 16 and and CC 35419 1555 17 laths lath NNS 35419 1555 18 . . . 35419 1556 1 REMARKS remarks NN 35419 1556 2 : : : 35419 1556 3 The the DT 35419 1556 4 poorest poor JJS 35419 1556 5 lumber lumber NN 35419 1556 6 . . . 35419 1557 1 Bark Bark NNP 35419 1557 2 chief chief JJ 35419 1557 3 source source NN 35419 1557 4 of of IN 35419 1557 5 tanning tan VBG 35419 1557 6 material material NN 35419 1557 7 . . . 35419 1558 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1558 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1558 3 : : : 35419 1558 4 Radial Radial NNP 35419 1558 5 Section Section NNP 35419 1558 6 , , , 35419 1558 7 life life NN 35419 1558 8 size size NN 35419 1558 9 . . . 35419 1558 10 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1559 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1559 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1559 3 : : : 35419 1559 4 Cross cross NN 35419 1559 5 - - NN 35419 1559 6 section section NNP 35419 1559 7 , , , 35419 1559 8 magnified magnify VBN 35419 1559 9 37 37 CD 35419 1559 10 - - HYPH 35419 1559 11 1/2 1/2 CD 35419 1559 12 diameters diameter NNS 35419 1559 13 . . . 35419 1559 14 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1560 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1560 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1560 3 : : : 35419 1560 4 Tangential Tangential NNP 35419 1560 5 Section Section NNP 35419 1560 6 , , , 35419 1560 7 life life NN 35419 1560 8 size size NN 35419 1560 9 . . . 35419 1560 10 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1561 1 18 18 CD 35419 1561 2 WESTERN WESTERN NNP 35419 1561 3 HEMLOCK HEMLOCK NNP 35419 1561 4 . . . 35419 1562 1 BLACK BLACK NNP 35419 1562 2 HEMLOCK HEMLOCK NNP 35419 1562 3 . . . 35419 1563 1 _ _ NNP 35419 1563 2 Tsuga Tsuga NNP 35419 1563 3 heterophylla heterophylla NN 35419 1563 4 _ _ NNP 35419 1563 5 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1563 6 Rafinesque Rafinesque NNP 35419 1563 7 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1563 8 Sargent Sargent NNP 35419 1563 9 . . . 35419 1564 1 _ _ NNP 35419 1564 2 Tsuga Tsuga NNP 35419 1564 3 _ _ NNP 35419 1564 4 , , , 35419 1564 5 the the DT 35419 1564 6 Japanese japanese JJ 35419 1564 7 name name NN 35419 1564 8 latinized latinize VBN 35419 1564 9 ; ; : 35419 1564 10 _ _ NNP 35419 1564 11 heterophylla heterophylla NNP 35419 1564 12 _ _ NNP 35419 1564 13 refers refer VBZ 35419 1564 14 to to IN 35419 1564 15 two two CD 35419 1564 16 kinds kind NNS 35419 1564 17 of of IN 35419 1564 18 leaves leave NNS 35419 1564 19 . . . 35419 1565 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1565 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1565 3 : : : 35419 1565 4 Habitat Habitat NNP 35419 1565 5 . . . 35419 1565 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1566 1 HABITAT HABITAT NNP 35419 1566 2 : : : 35419 1566 3 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1566 4 See see VB 35419 1566 5 map map NN 35419 1566 6 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1566 7 ; ; : 35419 1566 8 best well RBS 35419 1566 9 on on IN 35419 1566 10 coast coast NN 35419 1566 11 of of IN 35419 1566 12 Washington Washington NNP 35419 1566 13 and and CC 35419 1566 14 Oregon Oregon NNP 35419 1566 15 . . . 35419 1567 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1567 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1567 3 : : : 35419 1567 4 Leaf Leaf NNP 35419 1567 5 . . . 35419 1567 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1568 1 CHARACTERISTICS characteristic NNS 35419 1568 2 OF of IN 35419 1568 3 THE the DT 35419 1568 4 TREE tree NN 35419 1568 5 : : : 35419 1568 6 Height Height NNP 35419 1568 7 , , , 35419 1568 8 150'-200 150'-200 CD 35419 1568 9 ' ' POS 35419 1568 10 ; ; : 35419 1568 11 diameter diameter NN 35419 1568 12 , , , 35419 1568 13 6'-10 6'-10 NNP 35419 1568 14 ' ' '' 35419 1568 15 ; ; : 35419 1568 16 branches branch NNS 35419 1568 17 , , , 35419 1568 18 pendent pendent NN 35419 1568 19 , , , 35419 1568 20 slender slender NN 35419 1568 21 ; ; : 35419 1568 22 bark bark NN 35419 1568 23 , , , 35419 1568 24 reddish reddish JJ 35419 1568 25 gray gray JJ 35419 1568 26 , , , 35419 1568 27 deep deep JJ 35419 1568 28 , , , 35419 1568 29 longitudinal longitudinal JJ 35419 1568 30 fissures fissure NNS 35419 1568 31 between between IN 35419 1568 32 , , , 35419 1568 33 broad broad JJ 35419 1568 34 , , , 35419 1568 35 oblique oblique JJ 35419 1568 36 , , , 35419 1568 37 flat flat JJ 35419 1568 38 ridges ridge NNS 35419 1568 39 ; ; : 35419 1568 40 leaves leave NNS 35419 1568 41 , , , 35419 1568 42 dark dark JJ 35419 1568 43 green green NN 35419 1568 44 , , , 35419 1568 45 two two CD 35419 1568 46 - - HYPH 35419 1568 47 ranked rank VBN 35419 1568 48 ; ; : 35419 1568 49 cones cone NNS 35419 1568 50 , , , 35419 1568 51 small small JJ 35419 1568 52 , , , 35419 1568 53 like like IN 35419 1568 54 Eastern Eastern NNP 35419 1568 55 Hemlock Hemlock NNP 35419 1568 56 . . . 35419 1569 1 APPEARANCE APPEARANCE NNP 35419 1569 2 OF of IN 35419 1569 3 WOOD wood NN 35419 1569 4 : : : 35419 1569 5 Color color NN 35419 1569 6 , , , 35419 1569 7 pale pale JJ 35419 1569 8 brown brown NNP 35419 1569 9 , , , 35419 1569 10 sap sap NN 35419 1569 11 - - HYPH 35419 1569 12 wood wood NN 35419 1569 13 thin thin JJ 35419 1569 14 , , , 35419 1569 15 whitish whitish JJ 35419 1569 16 ; ; : 35419 1569 17 non non JJ 35419 1569 18 - - JJ 35419 1569 19 porous porous JJ 35419 1569 20 ; ; : 35419 1569 21 rings ring NNS 35419 1569 22 , , , 35419 1569 23 narrow narrow JJ 35419 1569 24 , , , 35419 1569 25 summer summer NN 35419 1569 26 wood wood NN 35419 1569 27 thin thin JJ 35419 1569 28 but but CC 35419 1569 29 distinct distinct JJ 35419 1569 30 ; ; : 35419 1569 31 grain grain NN 35419 1569 32 , , , 35419 1569 33 straight straight RB 35419 1569 34 , , , 35419 1569 35 close close JJ 35419 1569 36 ; ; : 35419 1569 37 rays ray NNS 35419 1569 38 , , , 35419 1569 39 numerous numerous JJ 35419 1569 40 , , , 35419 1569 41 prominent prominent JJ 35419 1569 42 ; ; : 35419 1569 43 non non JJ 35419 1569 44 - - JJ 35419 1569 45 resinous resinous JJ 35419 1569 46 . . . 35419 1570 1 PHYSICAL physical NN 35419 1570 2 QUALITIES quality NNS 35419 1570 3 : : : 35419 1570 4 Light light NN 35419 1570 5 in in IN 35419 1570 6 weight weight NN 35419 1570 7 , , , 35419 1570 8 strong strong JJ 35419 1570 9 , , , 35419 1570 10 elastic elastic JJ 35419 1570 11 , , , 35419 1570 12 hard;[A hard;[A NNP 35419 1570 13 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1570 14 shrinkage shrinkage NN 35419 1570 15 , , , 35419 1570 16 3 3 CD 35419 1570 17 per per NN 35419 1570 18 cent cent NN 35419 1570 19 . . . 35419 1571 1 ; ; : 35419 1571 2 warps warps NNP 35419 1571 3 .......... .......... NFP 35419 1571 4 ; ; : 35419 1571 5 durable durable JJ 35419 1571 6 , , , 35419 1571 7 more more RBR 35419 1571 8 so so RB 35419 1571 9 than than IN 35419 1571 10 other other JJ 35419 1571 11 American american JJ 35419 1571 12 hemlocks hemlock NNS 35419 1571 13 ; ; : 35419 1571 14 easier easy JJR 35419 1571 15 to to TO 35419 1571 16 work work VB 35419 1571 17 than than IN 35419 1571 18 eastern eastern JJ 35419 1571 19 variety variety NNP 35419 1571 20 ; ; : 35419 1571 21 splits split VBZ 35419 1571 22 badly badly RB 35419 1571 23 . . . 35419 1572 1 COMMON common JJ 35419 1572 2 USES use NNS 35419 1572 3 : : : 35419 1572 4 Lumber lumber NN 35419 1572 5 for for IN 35419 1572 6 construction construction NN 35419 1572 7 . . . 35419 1573 1 REMARKS remarks NN 35419 1573 2 : : : 35419 1573 3 Coming come VBG 35419 1573 4 to to TO 35419 1573 5 be be VB 35419 1573 6 recognized recognize VBN 35419 1573 7 as as IN 35419 1573 8 a a DT 35419 1573 9 valuable valuable JJ 35419 1573 10 lumber lumber NN 35419 1573 11 tree tree NN 35419 1573 12 . . . 35419 1574 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1574 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1574 3 : : : 35419 1574 4 Radial Radial NNP 35419 1574 5 Section Section NNP 35419 1574 6 , , , 35419 1574 7 life life NN 35419 1574 8 size size NN 35419 1574 9 . . . 35419 1574 10 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1575 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1575 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1575 3 : : : 35419 1575 4 Cross cross NN 35419 1575 5 - - NN 35419 1575 6 section section NNP 35419 1575 7 , , , 35419 1575 8 magnified magnify VBN 35419 1575 9 37 37 CD 35419 1575 10 - - HYPH 35419 1575 11 1/2 1/2 CD 35419 1575 12 diameters diameter NNS 35419 1575 13 . . . 35419 1575 14 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1576 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1576 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1576 3 : : : 35419 1576 4 Tangential Tangential NNP 35419 1576 5 Section Section NNP 35419 1576 6 , , , 35419 1576 7 life life NN 35419 1576 8 size size NN 35419 1576 9 . . . 35419 1576 10 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1577 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1577 2 Footnote Footnote NNP 35419 1577 3 A a NN 35419 1577 4 : : : 35419 1577 5 Not not RB 35419 1577 6 in in IN 35419 1577 7 Jesup Jesup NNP 35419 1577 8 Collection Collection NNP 35419 1577 9 . . . 35419 1577 10 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1578 1 19 19 CD 35419 1578 2 DOUGLAS DOUGLAS NNP 35419 1578 3 SPRUCE SPRUCE NNP 35419 1578 4 . . . 35419 1579 1 OREGON oregon JJ 35419 1579 2 PINE PINE NNP 35419 1579 3 . . . 35419 1580 1 RED RED NNP 35419 1580 2 FIR FIR NNP 35419 1580 3 . . . 35419 1581 1 DOUGLAS DOUGLAS NNP 35419 1581 2 FIR FIR NNP 35419 1581 3 . . . 35419 1582 1 _ _ NNP 35419 1582 2 Pseudotsuga Pseudotsuga NNP 35419 1582 3 mucronata mucronata NNP 35419 1582 4 _ _ NNP 35419 1582 5 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1582 6 Rafinesque Rafinesque NNP 35419 1582 7 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1582 8 Sudworth Sudworth NNP 35419 1582 9 . . . 35419 1583 1 _ _ NNP 35419 1583 2 Pseudotsuga Pseudotsuga NNP 35419 1583 3 taxifolia taxifolia NN 35419 1583 4 _ _ NNP 35419 1583 5 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1583 6 Lambert Lambert NNP 35419 1583 7 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1583 8 Britton Britton NNP 35419 1583 9 . . . 35419 1584 1 _ _ NNP 35419 1584 2 Pseudotsuga Pseudotsuga NNP 35419 1584 3 _ _ NNP 35419 1584 4 means mean VBZ 35419 1584 5 false false JJ 35419 1584 6 hemlock hemlock NN 35419 1584 7 ; ; : 35419 1584 8 _ _ NNP 35419 1584 9 mucronata mucronata NNP 35419 1584 10 _ _ NNP 35419 1584 11 refers refer VBZ 35419 1584 12 to to IN 35419 1584 13 abrupt abrupt JJ 35419 1584 14 short short JJ 35419 1584 15 point point NN 35419 1584 16 of of IN 35419 1584 17 leaf leaf NN 35419 1584 18 ; ; : 35419 1584 19 _ _ NNP 35419 1584 20 taxifolia taxifolia NNP 35419 1584 21 _ _ NNP 35419 1584 22 means mean VBZ 35419 1584 23 yew yew NNP 35419 1584 24 leaf leaf NN 35419 1584 25 . . . 35419 1585 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1585 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1585 3 : : : 35419 1585 4 Habitat Habitat NNP 35419 1585 5 . . . 35419 1585 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1586 1 HABITAT HABITAT NNP 35419 1586 2 : : : 35419 1586 3 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1586 4 See see VB 35419 1586 5 map map NN 35419 1586 6 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1586 7 ; ; : 35419 1586 8 best well RBS 35419 1586 9 in in IN 35419 1586 10 Puget Puget NNP 35419 1586 11 Sound Sound NNP 35419 1586 12 region region NN 35419 1586 13 . . . 35419 1587 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1587 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1587 3 : : : 35419 1587 4 Leaf Leaf NNP 35419 1587 5 . . . 35419 1587 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1588 1 CHARACTERISTICS characteristic NNS 35419 1588 2 OF of IN 35419 1588 3 THE the DT 35419 1588 4 TREE tree NN 35419 1588 5 : : : 35419 1588 6 Height Height NNP 35419 1588 7 , , , 35419 1588 8 175'-300 175'-300 NNP 35419 1588 9 ' ' POS 35419 1588 10 ; ; : 35419 1588 11 diameter diameter NN 35419 1588 12 , , , 35419 1588 13 3'-5 3'-5 CD 35419 1588 14 ' ' POS 35419 1588 15 , , , 35419 1588 16 sometimes sometimes RB 35419 1588 17 10 10 CD 35419 1588 18 ' ' '' 35419 1588 19 ; ; : 35419 1588 20 branches branch NNS 35419 1588 21 high high JJ 35419 1588 22 , , , 35419 1588 23 leaving leave VBG 35419 1588 24 clean clean JJ 35419 1588 25 trunk trunk NN 35419 1588 26 ; ; : 35419 1588 27 bark bark NN 35419 1588 28 , , , 35419 1588 29 rough rough JJ 35419 1588 30 , , , 35419 1588 31 gray gray JJ 35419 1588 32 , , , 35419 1588 33 great great JJ 35419 1588 34 broad broad RB 35419 1588 35 - - HYPH 35419 1588 36 rounded rounded JJ 35419 1588 37 ridges ridge NNS 35419 1588 38 , , , 35419 1588 39 often often RB 35419 1588 40 appears appear VBZ 35419 1588 41 braided braid VBN 35419 1588 42 ; ; : 35419 1588 43 leaves leave NNS 35419 1588 44 , , , 35419 1588 45 radiating radiate VBG 35419 1588 46 from from IN 35419 1588 47 stem stem NN 35419 1588 48 ; ; : 35419 1588 49 cones cone NNS 35419 1588 50 , , , 35419 1588 51 2"-4 2"-4 CD 35419 1588 52 " " `` 35419 1588 53 long long JJ 35419 1588 54 . . . 35419 1589 1 APPEARANCE APPEARANCE NNP 35419 1589 2 OF of IN 35419 1589 3 WOOD wood NN 35419 1589 4 : : : 35419 1589 5 Color color NN 35419 1589 6 , , , 35419 1589 7 light light JJ 35419 1589 8 red red NN 35419 1589 9 to to IN 35419 1589 10 yellow yellow NN 35419 1589 11 , , , 35419 1589 12 sap sap NN 35419 1589 13 - - HYPH 35419 1589 14 wood wood NN 35419 1589 15 white white NN 35419 1589 16 ; ; : 35419 1589 17 non non JJ 35419 1589 18 - - JJ 35419 1589 19 porous porous JJ 35419 1589 20 ; ; : 35419 1589 21 rings ring NNS 35419 1589 22 , , , 35419 1589 23 dark dark JJ 35419 1589 24 colored colored JJ 35419 1589 25 , , , 35419 1589 26 conspicuous conspicuous JJ 35419 1589 27 , , , 35419 1589 28 very very RB 35419 1589 29 pronounced pronounced JJ 35419 1589 30 summer summer NN 35419 1589 31 wood wood NN 35419 1589 32 ; ; , 35419 1589 33 grain grain NN 35419 1589 34 , , , 35419 1589 35 straight straight JJ 35419 1589 36 , , , 35419 1589 37 coarse coarse JJ 35419 1589 38 ; ; : 35419 1589 39 rays ray NNS 35419 1589 40 , , , 35419 1589 41 numerous numerous JJ 35419 1589 42 , , , 35419 1589 43 obscure obscure JJ 35419 1589 44 ; ; : 35419 1589 45 resinous resinous JJ 35419 1589 46 . . . 35419 1590 1 PHYSICAL physical NN 35419 1590 2 QUALITIES quality NNS 35419 1590 3 : : : 35419 1590 4 Weight weight NN 35419 1590 5 , , , 35419 1590 6 medium medium NN 35419 1590 7 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1590 8 41st 41st NN 35419 1590 9 in in IN 35419 1590 10 this this DT 35419 1590 11 list list NN 35419 1590 12 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1590 13 ; ; : 35419 1590 14 32 32 CD 35419 1590 15 lbs lbs NN 35419 1590 16 . . . 35419 1591 1 per per IN 35419 1591 2 cu cu NNP 35419 1591 3 . . . 35419 1592 1 ft ft NNP 35419 1592 2 , , , 35419 1592 3 sp sp NNP 35419 1592 4 . . . 35419 1593 1 gr gr NNP 35419 1593 2 . . . 35419 1594 1 0.5157 0.5157 CD 35419 1594 2 ; ; : 35419 1594 3 strong strong JJ 35419 1594 4 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1594 5 21st 21st NN 35419 1594 6 in in IN 35419 1594 7 this this DT 35419 1594 8 list list NN 35419 1594 9 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1594 10 ; ; : 35419 1594 11 very very RB 35419 1594 12 elastic elastic JJ 35419 1594 13 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1594 14 10th 10th JJ 35419 1594 15 in in IN 35419 1594 16 this this DT 35419 1594 17 list list NN 35419 1594 18 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1594 19 ; ; : 35419 1594 20 medium medium NNP 35419 1594 21 hard hard RB 35419 1594 22 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1594 23 45th 45th NN 35419 1594 24 in in IN 35419 1594 25 this this DT 35419 1594 26 list list NN 35419 1594 27 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1594 28 ; ; : 35419 1594 29 shrinkage shrinkage NN 35419 1594 30 , , , 35419 1594 31 3 3 CD 35419 1594 32 per per NN 35419 1594 33 cent cent NN 35419 1594 34 . . . 35419 1595 1 or or CC 35419 1595 2 4 4 CD 35419 1595 3 per per NN 35419 1595 4 cent cent NN 35419 1595 5 . . . 35419 1596 1 ; ; : 35419 1596 2 , , , 35419 1596 3 warps warps NNP 35419 1596 4 ............... ............... NFP 35419 1596 5 ; ; : 35419 1596 6 durable durable JJ 35419 1596 7 ; ; , 35419 1596 8 difficult difficult JJ 35419 1596 9 to to TO 35419 1596 10 work work VB 35419 1596 11 , , , 35419 1596 12 flinty flinty FW 35419 1596 13 , , , 35419 1596 14 splits split VBZ 35419 1596 15 readily readily RB 35419 1596 16 . . . 35419 1597 1 COMMON common JJ 35419 1597 2 USES use NNS 35419 1597 3 : : : 35419 1597 4 Heavy heavy JJ 35419 1597 5 construction construction NN 35419 1597 6 , , , 35419 1597 7 masts mast NNS 35419 1597 8 , , , 35419 1597 9 flag flag NN 35419 1597 10 poles pole NNS 35419 1597 11 , , , 35419 1597 12 piles pile NNS 35419 1597 13 , , , 35419 1597 14 railway railway NN 35419 1597 15 ties tie NNS 35419 1597 16 . . . 35419 1598 1 REMARKS remarks NN 35419 1598 2 : : : 35419 1598 3 One one CD 35419 1598 4 of of IN 35419 1598 5 the the DT 35419 1598 6 greatest great JJS 35419 1598 7 and and CC 35419 1598 8 the the DT 35419 1598 9 most most RBS 35419 1598 10 valuable valuable JJ 35419 1598 11 of of IN 35419 1598 12 the the DT 35419 1598 13 western western JJ 35419 1598 14 timber timber NN 35419 1598 15 trees tree NNS 35419 1598 16 . . . 35419 1599 1 Forms form NNS 35419 1599 2 extensive extensive JJ 35419 1599 3 forests forest NNS 35419 1599 4 . . . 35419 1600 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1600 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1600 3 : : : 35419 1600 4 Radial Radial NNP 35419 1600 5 Section Section NNP 35419 1600 6 , , , 35419 1600 7 life life NN 35419 1600 8 size size NN 35419 1600 9 . . . 35419 1600 10 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1601 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1601 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1601 3 : : : 35419 1601 4 Cross cross NN 35419 1601 5 - - NN 35419 1601 6 section section NNP 35419 1601 7 , , , 35419 1601 8 magnified magnify VBN 35419 1601 9 37 37 CD 35419 1601 10 - - HYPH 35419 1601 11 1/2 1/2 CD 35419 1601 12 diameters diameter NNS 35419 1601 13 . . . 35419 1601 14 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1602 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1602 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1602 3 : : : 35419 1602 4 Tangential Tangential NNP 35419 1602 5 Section Section NNP 35419 1602 6 , , , 35419 1602 7 life life NN 35419 1602 8 size size NN 35419 1602 9 . . . 35419 1602 10 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1603 1 20 20 CD 35419 1603 2 GRAND GRAND NNP 35419 1603 3 FIR FIR NNP 35419 1603 4 . . . 35419 1604 1 WHITE WHITE NNP 35419 1604 2 FIR FIR NNP 35419 1604 3 . . . 35419 1605 1 LOWLAND LOWLAND NNP 35419 1605 2 FIR FIR NNP 35419 1605 3 . . . 35419 1606 1 SILVER SILVER NNP 35419 1606 2 FIR FIR NNP 35419 1606 3 . . . 35419 1607 1 _ _ NNP 35419 1607 2 Abies Abies NNP 35419 1607 3 grandis grandis NN 35419 1607 4 _ _ NNP 35419 1607 5 Lindley Lindley NNP 35419 1607 6 . . . 35419 1608 1 _ _ NNP 35419 1608 2 Abies Abies NNP 35419 1608 3 _ _ NNP 35419 1608 4 , , , 35419 1608 5 the the DT 35419 1608 6 classical classical JJ 35419 1608 7 Latin Latin NNP 35419 1608 8 name name NN 35419 1608 9 . . . 35419 1609 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1609 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1609 3 : : : 35419 1609 4 Habitat Habitat NNP 35419 1609 5 . . . 35419 1609 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1610 1 HABITAT HABITAT NNP 35419 1610 2 : : : 35419 1610 3 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1610 4 See see VB 35419 1610 5 map map NN 35419 1610 6 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1610 7 ; ; : 35419 1610 8 best well RBS 35419 1610 9 in in IN 35419 1610 10 Puget Puget NNP 35419 1610 11 Sound Sound NNP 35419 1610 12 region region NN 35419 1610 13 . . . 35419 1611 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1611 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1611 3 : : : 35419 1611 4 Leaf Leaf NNP 35419 1611 5 . . . 35419 1611 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1612 1 CHARACTERISTICS characteristic NNS 35419 1612 2 OF of IN 35419 1612 3 THE the DT 35419 1612 4 TREE tree NN 35419 1612 5 : : : 35419 1612 6 Height height NN 35419 1612 7 , , , 35419 1612 8 in in IN 35419 1612 9 interior interior NNP 35419 1612 10 100 100 CD 35419 1612 11 ' ' POS 35419 1612 12 ; ; : 35419 1612 13 diameter diameter NN 35419 1612 14 , , , 35419 1612 15 2 2 CD 35419 1612 16 ' ' '' 35419 1612 17 ; ; : 35419 1612 18 on on IN 35419 1612 19 coast coast NN 35419 1612 20 , , , 35419 1612 21 250'-300 250'-300 NNP 35419 1612 22 ' ' POS 35419 1612 23 high high JJ 35419 1612 24 ; ; : 35419 1612 25 diameter diameter NN 35419 1612 26 , , , 35419 1612 27 2'-5 2'-5 CD 35419 1612 28 ' ' POS 35419 1612 29 ; ; : 35419 1612 30 long long JJ 35419 1612 31 pendulous pendulous JJ 35419 1612 32 branches branch NNS 35419 1612 33 ; ; : 35419 1612 34 bark bark NN 35419 1612 35 , , , 35419 1612 36 quite quite RB 35419 1612 37 gray gray JJ 35419 1612 38 or or CC 35419 1612 39 gray gray JJ 35419 1612 40 brown brown NNP 35419 1612 41 , , , 35419 1612 42 shallow shallow JJ 35419 1612 43 fissures fissure NNS 35419 1612 44 , , , 35419 1612 45 flat flat JJ 35419 1612 46 ridges ridge NNS 35419 1612 47 ; ; : 35419 1612 48 leaves leave NNS 35419 1612 49 , , , 35419 1612 50 shiny shiny JJ 35419 1612 51 green green JJ 35419 1612 52 above above RB 35419 1612 53 , , , 35419 1612 54 silvery silvery RB 35419 1612 55 below below RB 35419 1612 56 , , , 35419 1612 57 1 1 CD 35419 1612 58 - - SYM 35419 1612 59 1/2"-2 1/2"-2 CD 35419 1612 60 " " `` 35419 1612 61 long long JJ 35419 1612 62 , , , 35419 1612 63 roughly roughly RB 35419 1612 64 two two CD 35419 1612 65 - - HYPH 35419 1612 66 ranked ranked JJ 35419 1612 67 ; ; : 35419 1612 68 cones cone NNS 35419 1612 69 , , , 35419 1612 70 cylindrical cylindrical JJ 35419 1612 71 , , , 35419 1612 72 2"-4 2"-4 CD 35419 1612 73 " " `` 35419 1612 74 long long JJ 35419 1612 75 . . . 35419 1613 1 APPEARANCE APPEARANCE NNP 35419 1613 2 OF of IN 35419 1613 3 WOOD wood NN 35419 1613 4 : : : 35419 1613 5 Color color NN 35419 1613 6 , , , 35419 1613 7 light light NN 35419 1613 8 brown brown NNP 35419 1613 9 , , , 35419 1613 10 sap sap NN 35419 1613 11 - - HYPH 35419 1613 12 wood wood NN 35419 1613 13 lighter lighter NN 35419 1613 14 ; ; : 35419 1613 15 non non JJ 35419 1613 16 - - JJ 35419 1613 17 porous porous JJ 35419 1613 18 ; ; : 35419 1613 19 rings ring NNS 35419 1613 20 , , , 35419 1613 21 summer summer NN 35419 1613 22 cells cell NNS 35419 1613 23 broader broad JJR 35419 1613 24 than than IN 35419 1613 25 in in IN 35419 1613 26 other other JJ 35419 1613 27 American american JJ 35419 1613 28 species specie NNS 35419 1613 29 , , , 35419 1613 30 dark dark JJ 35419 1613 31 colored colored JJ 35419 1613 32 , , , 35419 1613 33 conspicuous conspicuous JJ 35419 1613 34 ; ; : 35419 1613 35 grain grain NN 35419 1613 36 straight straight JJ 35419 1613 37 , , , 35419 1613 38 coarse coarse JJ 35419 1613 39 ; ; : 35419 1613 40 rays ray NNS 35419 1613 41 , , , 35419 1613 42 numerous numerous JJ 35419 1613 43 , , , 35419 1613 44 obscure obscure JJ 35419 1613 45 ; ; : 35419 1613 46 resinous resinous JJ 35419 1613 47 . . . 35419 1614 1 PHYSICAL PHYSICAL NNP 35419 1614 2 QUALITIES quality NNS 35419 1614 3 : : : 35419 1614 4 Very very RB 35419 1614 5 light light JJ 35419 1614 6 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1614 7 62d 62d NNS 35419 1614 8 in in IN 35419 1614 9 this this DT 35419 1614 10 list list NN 35419 1614 11 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1614 12 ; ; : 35419 1614 13 22 22 CD 35419 1614 14 lbs lbs NN 35419 1614 15 . . . 35419 1615 1 per per IN 35419 1615 2 cu cu NNP 35419 1615 3 . . . 35419 1616 1 ft ft NNP 35419 1616 2 . . NNP 35419 1616 3 ; ; : 35419 1616 4 sp sp NNP 35419 1616 5 . . . 35419 1617 1 gr gr NNP 35419 1617 2 . . NNP 35419 1617 3 , , , 35419 1617 4 0.3545 0.3545 NNP 35419 1617 5 ; ; , 35419 1617 6 weak weak JJ 35419 1617 7 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1617 8 62d 62d NNS 35419 1617 9 in in IN 35419 1617 10 this this DT 35419 1617 11 list list NN 35419 1617 12 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1617 13 ; ; , 35419 1617 14 elastic elastic JJ 35419 1617 15 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1617 16 34th 34th NN 35419 1617 17 in in IN 35419 1617 18 this this DT 35419 1617 19 list list NN 35419 1617 20 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1617 21 ; ; : 35419 1617 22 soft soft JJ 35419 1617 23 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1617 24 65th 65th NN 35419 1617 25 in in IN 35419 1617 26 this this DT 35419 1617 27 list list NN 35419 1617 28 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1617 29 ; ; : 35419 1617 30 shrinkage shrinkage NN 35419 1617 31 , , , 35419 1617 32 3 3 CD 35419 1617 33 per per NN 35419 1617 34 cent cent NN 35419 1617 35 . . . 35419 1618 1 ; ; : 35419 1618 2 warps warps NNP 35419 1618 3 little little JJ 35419 1618 4 ; ; : 35419 1618 5 not not RB 35419 1618 6 durable durable JJ 35419 1618 7 ; ; : 35419 1618 8 works work VBZ 35419 1618 9 easily easily RB 35419 1618 10 ; ; : 35419 1618 11 splits split VBZ 35419 1618 12 readily readily RB 35419 1618 13 . . . 35419 1619 1 COMMON common JJ 35419 1619 2 USES use NNS 35419 1619 3 : : : 35419 1619 4 Lumber lumber NN 35419 1619 5 and and CC 35419 1619 6 packing packing NN 35419 1619 7 cases case NNS 35419 1619 8 . . . 35419 1620 1 REMARKS remarks NN 35419 1620 2 : : : 35419 1620 3 No no DT 35419 1620 4 resin resin NN 35419 1620 5 ducts duct NNS 35419 1620 6 . . . 35419 1621 1 Not not RB 35419 1621 2 a a DT 35419 1621 3 very very RB 35419 1621 4 valuable valuable JJ 35419 1621 5 wood wood NN 35419 1621 6 . . . 35419 1622 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1622 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1622 3 : : : 35419 1622 4 Radial Radial NNP 35419 1622 5 Section Section NNP 35419 1622 6 , , , 35419 1622 7 life life NN 35419 1622 8 size size NN 35419 1622 9 . . . 35419 1622 10 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1623 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1623 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1623 3 : : : 35419 1623 4 Cross cross NN 35419 1623 5 - - NN 35419 1623 6 section section NNP 35419 1623 7 , , , 35419 1623 8 magnified magnify VBN 35419 1623 9 37 37 CD 35419 1623 10 - - HYPH 35419 1623 11 1/2 1/2 CD 35419 1623 12 diameters diameter NNS 35419 1623 13 . . . 35419 1623 14 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1624 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1624 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1624 3 : : : 35419 1624 4 Tangential Tangential NNP 35419 1624 5 Section Section NNP 35419 1624 6 , , , 35419 1624 7 life life NN 35419 1624 8 size size NN 35419 1624 9 . . . 35419 1624 10 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1625 1 21 21 CD 35419 1625 2 BIG big JJ 35419 1625 3 TREE tree NN 35419 1625 4 . . . 35419 1626 1 SEQUOIA sequoia NN 35419 1626 2 . . . 35419 1627 1 GIANT GIANT NNP 35419 1627 2 SEQUOIA SEQUOIA NNP 35419 1627 3 . . . 35419 1628 1 _ _ NNP 35419 1628 2 Sequoia Sequoia NNP 35419 1628 3 washingtoniana washingtoniana NN 35419 1628 4 _ _ NNP 35419 1628 5 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1628 6 Winslow Winslow NNP 35419 1628 7 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1628 8 Sudworth Sudworth NNP 35419 1628 9 . . . 35419 1629 1 _ _ NNP 35419 1629 2 Sequoia Sequoia NNP 35419 1629 3 gigantea gigantea NN 35419 1629 4 _ _ NNP 35419 1629 5 , , , 35419 1629 6 Decaisne Decaisne NNP 35419 1629 7 . . . 35419 1630 1 _ _ NNP 35419 1630 2 Sequoia Sequoia NNP 35419 1630 3 _ _ NNP 35419 1630 4 latinized latinize VBD 35419 1630 5 from from IN 35419 1630 6 Sequoiah Sequoiah NNP 35419 1630 7 , , , 35419 1630 8 a a DT 35419 1630 9 Cherokee Cherokee NNP 35419 1630 10 Indian Indian NNP 35419 1630 11 ; ; : 35419 1630 12 _ _ NNP 35419 1630 13 washingtoniana washingtoniana NNP 35419 1630 14 _ _ NNP 35419 1630 15 , , , 35419 1630 16 in in IN 35419 1630 17 honor honor NN 35419 1630 18 of of IN 35419 1630 19 George George NNP 35419 1630 20 Washington Washington NNP 35419 1630 21 . . . 35419 1631 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1631 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1631 3 : : : 35419 1631 4 Habitat Habitat NNP 35419 1631 5 . . . 35419 1631 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1632 1 HABITAT HABITAT NNP 35419 1632 2 : : : 35419 1632 3 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1632 4 See see VB 35419 1632 5 map map NN 35419 1632 6 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1632 7 ; ; : 35419 1632 8 in in IN 35419 1632 9 ten ten CD 35419 1632 10 groves grove NNS 35419 1632 11 in in IN 35419 1632 12 southern southern JJ 35419 1632 13 California California NNP 35419 1632 14 , , , 35419 1632 15 at at IN 35419 1632 16 high high JJ 35419 1632 17 elevation elevation NN 35419 1632 18 . . . 35419 1633 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1633 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1633 3 : : : 35419 1633 4 Leaf Leaf NNP 35419 1633 5 . . . 35419 1633 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1634 1 CHARACTERISTICS characteristic NNS 35419 1634 2 OF of IN 35419 1634 3 THE the DT 35419 1634 4 TREE tree NN 35419 1634 5 : : : 35419 1634 6 Height height NN 35419 1634 7 , , , 35419 1634 8 275 275 CD 35419 1634 9 ' ' NNS 35419 1634 10 , , , 35419 1634 11 sometimes sometimes RB 35419 1634 12 320 320 CD 35419 1634 13 ' ' POS 35419 1634 14 ; ; : 35419 1634 15 diameter diameter NN 35419 1634 16 , , , 35419 1634 17 20 20 CD 35419 1634 18 ' ' NNS 35419 1634 19 , , , 35419 1634 20 sometimes sometimes RB 35419 1634 21 35 35 CD 35419 1634 22 ' ' NN 35419 1634 23 ; ; : 35419 1634 24 trunk trunk NN 35419 1634 25 , , , 35419 1634 26 swollen swollen NN 35419 1634 27 and and CC 35419 1634 28 often often RB 35419 1634 29 buttressed buttress VBN 35419 1634 30 at at IN 35419 1634 31 base base NN 35419 1634 32 , , , 35419 1634 33 ridged ridge VBN 35419 1634 34 , , , 35419 1634 35 often often RB 35419 1634 36 clear clear JJ 35419 1634 37 for for IN 35419 1634 38 150 150 CD 35419 1634 39 ' ' POS 35419 1634 40 ; ; : 35419 1634 41 thick thick JJ 35419 1634 42 horizontal horizontal JJ 35419 1634 43 branches branch NNS 35419 1634 44 ; ; : 35419 1634 45 bark bark NN 35419 1634 46 , , , 35419 1634 47 1'-2 1'-2 NNP 35419 1634 48 ' ' POS 35419 1634 49 thick thick JJ 35419 1634 50 , , , 35419 1634 51 in in IN 35419 1634 52 great great JJ 35419 1634 53 ridges ridge NNS 35419 1634 54 , , , 35419 1634 55 separates separate VBZ 35419 1634 56 into into IN 35419 1634 57 loose loose JJ 35419 1634 58 , , , 35419 1634 59 fibrous fibrous JJ 35419 1634 60 , , , 35419 1634 61 cinnamon cinnamon JJ 35419 1634 62 red red JJ 35419 1634 63 scales scale NNS 35419 1634 64 , , , 35419 1634 65 almost almost RB 35419 1634 66 non non JJ 35419 1634 67 - - JJ 35419 1634 68 combustible combustible JJ 35419 1634 69 ; ; : 35419 1634 70 leaves leave NNS 35419 1634 71 , , , 35419 1634 72 very very RB 35419 1634 73 small small JJ 35419 1634 74 , , , 35419 1634 75 growing grow VBG 35419 1634 76 close close RB 35419 1634 77 to to IN 35419 1634 78 stem stem VB 35419 1634 79 ; ; : 35419 1634 80 cones cone NNS 35419 1634 81 , , , 35419 1634 82 2"-3 2"-3 CD 35419 1634 83 " " `` 35419 1634 84 long long JJ 35419 1634 85 . . . 35419 1635 1 APPEARANCE APPEARANCE NNP 35419 1635 2 OF of IN 35419 1635 3 WOOD wood NN 35419 1635 4 : : : 35419 1635 5 Color color NN 35419 1635 6 , , , 35419 1635 7 red red JJ 35419 1635 8 , , , 35419 1635 9 turning turn VBG 35419 1635 10 dark dark NN 35419 1635 11 on on IN 35419 1635 12 exposure exposure NN 35419 1635 13 , , , 35419 1635 14 sap sap NN 35419 1635 15 - - HYPH 35419 1635 16 wood wood NN 35419 1635 17 thin thin JJ 35419 1635 18 , , , 35419 1635 19 whitish whitish JJ 35419 1635 20 ; ; : 35419 1635 21 non non JJ 35419 1635 22 - - JJ 35419 1635 23 porous porous JJ 35419 1635 24 ; ; : 35419 1635 25 rings ring NNS 35419 1635 26 , , , 35419 1635 27 very very RB 35419 1635 28 plain plain JJ 35419 1635 29 ; ; : 35419 1635 30 grain grain NN 35419 1635 31 straight straight JJ 35419 1635 32 , , , 35419 1635 33 coarse coarse JJ 35419 1635 34 ; ; : 35419 1635 35 rays ray NNS 35419 1635 36 , , , 35419 1635 37 numerous numerous JJ 35419 1635 38 , , , 35419 1635 39 thin thin JJ 35419 1635 40 ; ; : 35419 1635 41 non non JJ 35419 1635 42 - - JJ 35419 1635 43 resinous resinous JJ 35419 1635 44 . . . 35419 1636 1 PHYSICAL physical NN 35419 1636 2 QUALITIES quality NNS 35419 1636 3 : : : 35419 1636 4 Light light NN 35419 1636 5 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1636 6 65th 65th NN 35419 1636 7 in in IN 35419 1636 8 this this DT 35419 1636 9 list list NN 35419 1636 10 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1636 11 ; ; : 35419 1636 12 18 18 CD 35419 1636 13 lbs lbs NN 35419 1636 14 . . . 35419 1637 1 per per IN 35419 1637 2 cu cu NNP 35419 1637 3 . . . 35419 1638 1 ft ft NNP 35419 1638 2 . . NNP 35419 1638 3 ; ; : 35419 1638 4 sp sp NNP 35419 1638 5 . . . 35419 1639 1 gr gr NNP 35419 1639 2 . . NNP 35419 1639 3 , , , 35419 1639 4 0.2882 0.2882 CD 35419 1639 5 ; ; , 35419 1639 6 weak weak JJ 35419 1639 7 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1639 8 63d 63d NNS 35419 1639 9 in in IN 35419 1639 10 this this DT 35419 1639 11 list list NN 35419 1639 12 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1639 13 ; ; : 35419 1639 14 brittle brittle JJ 35419 1639 15 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1639 16 62d 62d NNS 35419 1639 17 in in IN 35419 1639 18 this this DT 35419 1639 19 list list NN 35419 1639 20 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1639 21 ; ; : 35419 1639 22 very very RB 35419 1639 23 soft soft JJ 35419 1639 24 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1639 25 61st 61st NN 35419 1639 26 in in IN 35419 1639 27 this this DT 35419 1639 28 list list NN 35419 1639 29 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1639 30 ; ; : 35419 1639 31 shrinks shrink NNS 35419 1639 32 little little JJ 35419 1639 33 ; ; : 35419 1639 34 warps warps NN 35419 1639 35 little little JJ 35419 1639 36 ; ; : 35419 1639 37 remarkably remarkably RB 35419 1639 38 durable durable JJ 35419 1639 39 ; ; : 35419 1639 40 easy easy JJ 35419 1639 41 to to TO 35419 1639 42 work work VB 35419 1639 43 , , , 35419 1639 44 splits split VBZ 35419 1639 45 readily readily RB 35419 1639 46 , , , 35419 1639 47 takes take VBZ 35419 1639 48 nails nail NNS 35419 1639 49 well well RB 35419 1639 50 . . . 35419 1640 1 COMMON common JJ 35419 1640 2 USES use NNS 35419 1640 3 : : : 35419 1640 4 Construction construction NN 35419 1640 5 , , , 35419 1640 6 lumber lumber NN 35419 1640 7 , , , 35419 1640 8 coffins coffin NNS 35419 1640 9 , , , 35419 1640 10 shingles shingle NNS 35419 1640 11 . . . 35419 1641 1 REMARKS remarks NN 35419 1641 2 : : : 35419 1641 3 Dimensions dimension NNS 35419 1641 4 and and CC 35419 1641 5 age age NN 35419 1641 6 are be VBP 35419 1641 7 unequalled unequalled JJ 35419 1641 8 ; ; : 35419 1641 9 Big Big NNP 35419 1641 10 Tree Tree NNP 35419 1641 11 and and CC 35419 1641 12 Redwood Redwood NNP 35419 1641 13 survivors survivor NNS 35419 1641 14 of of IN 35419 1641 15 a a DT 35419 1641 16 prehistoric prehistoric JJ 35419 1641 17 genus genus NN 35419 1641 18 , , , 35419 1641 19 once once RB 35419 1641 20 widely widely RB 35419 1641 21 distributed distribute VBN 35419 1641 22 . . . 35419 1642 1 Some some DT 35419 1642 2 specimens specimen NNS 35419 1642 3 3600 3600 CD 35419 1642 4 years year NNS 35419 1642 5 old old JJ 35419 1642 6 . . . 35419 1643 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1643 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1643 3 : : : 35419 1643 4 Radial Radial NNP 35419 1643 5 Section Section NNP 35419 1643 6 , , , 35419 1643 7 life life NN 35419 1643 8 size size NN 35419 1643 9 . . . 35419 1643 10 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1644 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1644 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1644 3 : : : 35419 1644 4 Cross cross NN 35419 1644 5 - - NN 35419 1644 6 section section NNP 35419 1644 7 , , , 35419 1644 8 magnified magnify VBN 35419 1644 9 37 37 CD 35419 1644 10 - - HYPH 35419 1644 11 1/2 1/2 CD 35419 1644 12 diameters diameter NNS 35419 1644 13 . . . 35419 1644 14 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1645 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1645 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1645 3 : : : 35419 1645 4 Tangential Tangential NNP 35419 1645 5 Section Section NNP 35419 1645 6 , , , 35419 1645 7 life life NN 35419 1645 8 size size NN 35419 1645 9 . . . 35419 1645 10 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1646 1 22 22 CD 35419 1646 2 REDWOOD REDWOOD NNS 35419 1646 3 . . . 35419 1647 1 COAST coast NN 35419 1647 2 REDWOOD REDWOOD NNS 35419 1647 3 . . . 35419 1648 1 SEQUOIA sequoia NN 35419 1648 2 . . . 35419 1649 1 _ _ NNP 35419 1649 2 Sequoia Sequoia NNP 35419 1649 3 sempervirens semperviren NNS 35419 1649 4 _ _ NNP 35419 1649 5 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1649 6 Lambert Lambert NNP 35419 1649 7 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1649 8 Endlicher Endlicher NNP 35419 1649 9 . . . 35419 1650 1 _ _ NNP 35419 1650 2 Sequoia Sequoia NNP 35419 1650 3 _ _ NNP 35419 1650 4 , , , 35419 1650 5 latinized latinize VBN 35419 1650 6 from from IN 35419 1650 7 Sequoiah Sequoiah NNP 35419 1650 8 , , , 35419 1650 9 a a DT 35419 1650 10 Cherokee Cherokee NNP 35419 1650 11 Indian Indian NNP 35419 1650 12 ; ; : 35419 1650 13 _ _ NNP 35419 1650 14 sempervirens semperviren NNS 35419 1650 15 _ _ NNP 35419 1650 16 means mean VBZ 35419 1650 17 ever ever RB 35419 1650 18 living live VBG 35419 1650 19 . . . 35419 1651 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1651 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1651 3 : : : 35419 1651 4 Habitat Habitat NNP 35419 1651 5 . . . 35419 1651 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1652 1 HABITAT HABITAT NNP 35419 1652 2 : : : 35419 1652 3 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1652 4 See see VB 35419 1652 5 map map NN 35419 1652 6 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1652 7 ; ; : 35419 1652 8 best well RBS 35419 1652 9 in in IN 35419 1652 10 southern southern JJ 35419 1652 11 Oregon Oregon NNP 35419 1652 12 and and CC 35419 1652 13 northern northern JJ 35419 1652 14 California California NNP 35419 1652 15 , , , 35419 1652 16 near near IN 35419 1652 17 coast coast NN 35419 1652 18 . . . 35419 1653 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1653 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1653 3 : : : 35419 1653 4 Leaf Leaf NNP 35419 1653 5 . . . 35419 1653 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1654 1 CHARACTERISTICS characteristic NNS 35419 1654 2 OF of IN 35419 1654 3 THE the DT 35419 1654 4 TREE tree NN 35419 1654 5 : : : 35419 1654 6 Height height NN 35419 1654 7 , , , 35419 1654 8 200'-340 200'-340 CD 35419 1654 9 ' ' POS 35419 1654 10 ; ; : 35419 1654 11 diameter diameter NN 35419 1654 12 , , , 35419 1654 13 10'-15 10'-15 NNP 35419 1654 14 ' ' POS 35419 1654 15 , , , 35419 1654 16 rarely rarely RB 35419 1654 17 25 25 CD 35419 1654 18 ' ' POS 35419 1654 19 ; ; : 35419 1654 20 clean clean JJ 35419 1654 21 trunk trunk NN 35419 1654 22 , , , 35419 1654 23 much much RB 35419 1654 24 buttressed buttress VBN 35419 1654 25 and and CC 35419 1654 26 swollen swollen JJ 35419 1654 27 at at IN 35419 1654 28 base base NN 35419 1654 29 , , , 35419 1654 30 somewhat somewhat RB 35419 1654 31 fluted fluted JJ 35419 1654 32 , , , 35419 1654 33 branches branch NNS 35419 1654 34 very very RB 35419 1654 35 high high JJ 35419 1654 36 ; ; : 35419 1654 37 bark bark NN 35419 1654 38 , , , 35419 1654 39 very very RB 35419 1654 40 thick thick JJ 35419 1654 41 , , , 35419 1654 42 6"-12 6"-12 CD 35419 1654 43 " " '' 35419 1654 44 , , , 35419 1654 45 rounded round VBD 35419 1654 46 ridges ridge NNS 35419 1654 47 , , , 35419 1654 48 dark dark JJ 35419 1654 49 scales scale NNS 35419 1654 50 falling fall VBG 35419 1654 51 reveal reveal JJ 35419 1654 52 inner inner JJ 35419 1654 53 red red JJ 35419 1654 54 bark bark NN 35419 1654 55 ; ; : 35419 1654 56 leaves leave NNS 35419 1654 57 , , , 35419 1654 58 small small JJ 35419 1654 59 , , , 35419 1654 60 two two CD 35419 1654 61 - - HYPH 35419 1654 62 ranked rank VBN 35419 1654 63 ; ; : 35419 1654 64 cones cone NNS 35419 1654 65 , , , 35419 1654 66 small small JJ 35419 1654 67 , , , 35419 1654 68 1 1 CD 35419 1654 69 " " `` 35419 1654 70 long long JJ 35419 1654 71 . . . 35419 1655 1 APPEARANCE APPEARANCE NNP 35419 1655 2 OF of IN 35419 1655 3 WOOD wood NN 35419 1655 4 : : : 35419 1655 5 Color color NN 35419 1655 6 , , , 35419 1655 7 red red NN 35419 1655 8 , , , 35419 1655 9 turning turn VBG 35419 1655 10 to to IN 35419 1655 11 brown brown NNP 35419 1655 12 on on IN 35419 1655 13 seasoning seasoning NN 35419 1655 14 , , , 35419 1655 15 sap sap NN 35419 1655 16 - - HYPH 35419 1655 17 wood wood NN 35419 1655 18 whitish whitish NN 35419 1655 19 ; ; : 35419 1655 20 non non JJ 35419 1655 21 - - JJ 35419 1655 22 porous porous JJ 35419 1655 23 ; ; : 35419 1655 24 rings ring NNS 35419 1655 25 , , , 35419 1655 26 distinct distinct JJ 35419 1655 27 ; ; : 35419 1655 28 grain grain NN 35419 1655 29 , , , 35419 1655 30 straight straight JJ 35419 1655 31 ; ; : 35419 1655 32 rays ray NNS 35419 1655 33 , , , 35419 1655 34 numerous numerous JJ 35419 1655 35 , , , 35419 1655 36 very very RB 35419 1655 37 obscure obscure JJ 35419 1655 38 ; ; : 35419 1655 39 non non JJ 35419 1655 40 - - JJ 35419 1655 41 resinous resinous JJ 35419 1655 42 . . . 35419 1656 1 PHYSICAL physical NN 35419 1656 2 QUALITIES quality NNS 35419 1656 3 : : : 35419 1656 4 Light light NN 35419 1656 5 in in IN 35419 1656 6 weight weight NN 35419 1656 7 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1656 8 55th 55th JJ 35419 1656 9 in in IN 35419 1656 10 this this DT 35419 1656 11 list list NN 35419 1656 12 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1656 13 ; ; : 35419 1656 14 26 26 CD 35419 1656 15 lbs lbs NN 35419 1656 16 . . . 35419 1657 1 per per IN 35419 1657 2 cu cu NNP 35419 1657 3 . . . 35419 1658 1 ft ft NNP 35419 1658 2 . . NNP 35419 1658 3 ; ; : 35419 1658 4 sp sp NNP 35419 1658 5 . . . 35419 1659 1 gr gr NNP 35419 1659 2 . . . 35419 1660 1 0.4208 0.4208 LS 35419 1660 2 ; ; : 35419 1660 3 weak weak JJ 35419 1660 4 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1660 5 58th 58th JJ 35419 1660 6 in in IN 35419 1660 7 this this DT 35419 1660 8 list list NN 35419 1660 9 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1660 10 ; ; : 35419 1660 11 brittle brittle JJ 35419 1660 12 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1660 13 60th 60th NN 35419 1660 14 in in IN 35419 1660 15 this this DT 35419 1660 16 list list NN 35419 1660 17 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1660 18 ; ; : 35419 1660 19 soft soft JJ 35419 1660 20 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1660 21 55th 55th JJ 35419 1660 22 in in IN 35419 1660 23 this this DT 35419 1660 24 list list NN 35419 1660 25 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1660 26 ; ; : 35419 1660 27 shrinks shrink NNS 35419 1660 28 little little JJ 35419 1660 29 ; ; : 35419 1660 30 warps warps NNP 35419 1660 31 little little JJ 35419 1660 32 ; ; : 35419 1660 33 very very RB 35419 1660 34 durable durable JJ 35419 1660 35 ; ; : 35419 1660 36 easily easily RB 35419 1660 37 worked work VBN 35419 1660 38 ; ; : 35419 1660 39 splits split VBZ 35419 1660 40 readily readily RB 35419 1660 41 ; ; : 35419 1660 42 takes take VBZ 35419 1660 43 nails nail NNS 35419 1660 44 well well RB 35419 1660 45 . . . 35419 1661 1 COMMON common JJ 35419 1661 2 USES use NNS 35419 1661 3 : : : 35419 1661 4 Shingles shingle NNS 35419 1661 5 , , , 35419 1661 6 construction construction NN 35419 1661 7 , , , 35419 1661 8 timber timber NN 35419 1661 9 , , , 35419 1661 10 fence fence NN 35419 1661 11 posts post NNS 35419 1661 12 , , , 35419 1661 13 coffins coffin NNS 35419 1661 14 , , , 35419 1661 15 railway railway NN 35419 1661 16 ties tie NNS 35419 1661 17 , , , 35419 1661 18 water water NN 35419 1661 19 pipes pipe NNS 35419 1661 20 , , , 35419 1661 21 curly curly RB 35419 1661 22 specimens specimen NNS 35419 1661 23 used use VBN 35419 1661 24 in in IN 35419 1661 25 cabinet cabinet NN 35419 1661 26 work work NN 35419 1661 27 . . . 35419 1662 1 REMARKS remarks NN 35419 1662 2 : : : 35419 1662 3 Low low JJ 35419 1662 4 branches branch NNS 35419 1662 5 rare rare JJ 35419 1662 6 . . . 35419 1663 1 Burns burn NNS 35419 1663 2 with with IN 35419 1663 3 difficulty difficulty NN 35419 1663 4 . . . 35419 1664 1 Chief chief JJ 35419 1664 2 construction construction NN 35419 1664 3 wood wood NN 35419 1664 4 of of IN 35419 1664 5 Pacific Pacific NNP 35419 1664 6 Coast Coast NNP 35419 1664 7 . . . 35419 1665 1 Use use VB 35419 1665 2 determined determine VBD 35419 1665 3 largely largely RB 35419 1665 4 by by IN 35419 1665 5 durability durability NN 35419 1665 6 . . . 35419 1666 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1666 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1666 3 : : : 35419 1666 4 Radial Radial NNP 35419 1666 5 Section Section NNP 35419 1666 6 , , , 35419 1666 7 life life NN 35419 1666 8 size size NN 35419 1666 9 . . . 35419 1666 10 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1667 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1667 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1667 3 : : : 35419 1667 4 Cross cross NN 35419 1667 5 - - NN 35419 1667 6 section section NNP 35419 1667 7 , , , 35419 1667 8 magnified magnify VBN 35419 1667 9 37 37 CD 35419 1667 10 - - HYPH 35419 1667 11 1/2 1/2 CD 35419 1667 12 diameters diameter NNS 35419 1667 13 . . . 35419 1667 14 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1668 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1668 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1668 3 : : : 35419 1668 4 Tangential Tangential NNP 35419 1668 5 Section Section NNP 35419 1668 6 , , , 35419 1668 7 life life NN 35419 1668 8 size size NN 35419 1668 9 . . . 35419 1668 10 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1669 1 23 23 CD 35419 1669 2 BALD BALD VBD 35419 1669 3 CYPRESS CYPRESS NNP 35419 1669 4 . . . 35419 1670 1 Bald Bald NNP 35419 1670 2 refers refer VBZ 35419 1670 3 to to IN 35419 1670 4 leaflessness leaflessness NN 35419 1670 5 of of IN 35419 1670 6 tree tree NN 35419 1670 7 in in IN 35419 1670 8 winter winter NN 35419 1670 9 . . . 35419 1671 1 _ _ NNP 35419 1671 2 Taxodium Taxodium NNP 35419 1671 3 distichum distichum NN 35419 1671 4 _ _ NNP 35419 1671 5 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1671 6 Linnaeus Linnaeus NNP 35419 1671 7 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1671 8 L. L. NNP 35419 1671 9 C. C. NNP 35419 1671 10 Richard Richard NNP 35419 1671 11 . . . 35419 1672 1 _ _ NNP 35419 1672 2 Taxodium Taxodium NNP 35419 1672 3 _ _ NNP 35419 1672 4 means mean VBZ 35419 1672 5 yew yew NNP 35419 1672 6 - - HYPH 35419 1672 7 like like JJ 35419 1672 8 ; ; : 35419 1672 9 _ _ NNP 35419 1672 10 distichum distichum NN 35419 1672 11 _ _ NNP 35419 1672 12 refers refer VBZ 35419 1672 13 to to IN 35419 1672 14 the the DT 35419 1672 15 two two CD 35419 1672 16 - - HYPH 35419 1672 17 ranked rank VBN 35419 1672 18 leaves leave NNS 35419 1672 19 . . . 35419 1673 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1673 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1673 3 : : : 35419 1673 4 Habitat Habitat NNP 35419 1673 5 . . . 35419 1673 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1674 1 HABITAT HABITAT NNP 35419 1674 2 : : : 35419 1674 3 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1674 4 See see VB 35419 1674 5 map map NN 35419 1674 6 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1674 7 ; ; : 35419 1674 8 best well RBS 35419 1674 9 in in IN 35419 1674 10 South South NNP 35419 1674 11 Atlantic Atlantic NNP 35419 1674 12 and and CC 35419 1674 13 Gulf Gulf NNP 35419 1674 14 States States NNP 35419 1674 15 . . . 35419 1675 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1675 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1675 3 : : : 35419 1675 4 Leaf Leaf NNP 35419 1675 5 . . . 35419 1675 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1676 1 CHARACTERISTICS characteristic NNS 35419 1676 2 OF of IN 35419 1676 3 THE the DT 35419 1676 4 TREE tree NN 35419 1676 5 : : : 35419 1676 6 Height height NN 35419 1676 7 , , , 35419 1676 8 75 75 CD 35419 1676 9 ' ' '' 35419 1676 10 , , , 35419 1676 11 occasionally occasionally RB 35419 1676 12 150 150 CD 35419 1676 13 ' ' POS 35419 1676 14 ; ; : 35419 1676 15 diameter diameter NN 35419 1676 16 , , , 35419 1676 17 4'-5 4'-5 NNP 35419 1676 18 ' ' '' 35419 1676 19 ; ; : 35419 1676 20 roots root NNS 35419 1676 21 project project VBP 35419 1676 22 upward upward RB 35419 1676 23 into into IN 35419 1676 24 peculiar peculiar JJ 35419 1676 25 knees knee NNS 35419 1676 26 ; ; : 35419 1676 27 trunk trunk NN 35419 1676 28 strongly strongly RB 35419 1676 29 buttressed buttress VBN 35419 1676 30 at at IN 35419 1676 31 base base NN 35419 1676 32 , , , 35419 1676 33 straight straight JJ 35419 1676 34 , , , 35419 1676 35 majestic majestic JJ 35419 1676 36 and and CC 35419 1676 37 tapering tapering NN 35419 1676 38 ; ; : 35419 1676 39 bark bark NN 35419 1676 40 , , , 35419 1676 41 light light JJ 35419 1676 42 red red JJ 35419 1676 43 , , , 35419 1676 44 shallow shallow JJ 35419 1676 45 fissures fissure NNS 35419 1676 46 , , , 35419 1676 47 flat flat JJ 35419 1676 48 plates plate NNS 35419 1676 49 , , , 35419 1676 50 peeling peel VBG 35419 1676 51 into into IN 35419 1676 52 fibrous fibrous JJ 35419 1676 53 strips strip NNS 35419 1676 54 ; ; : 35419 1676 55 leaves leave NNS 35419 1676 56 , , , 35419 1676 57 long long JJ 35419 1676 58 , , , 35419 1676 59 thin thin JJ 35419 1676 60 , , , 35419 1676 61 two two CD 35419 1676 62 - - HYPH 35419 1676 63 ranked ranked JJ 35419 1676 64 , , , 35419 1676 65 deciduous deciduous JJ 35419 1676 66 ; ; : 35419 1676 67 cones cone NNS 35419 1676 68 , , , 35419 1676 69 nearly nearly RB 35419 1676 70 globular globular JJ 35419 1676 71 , , , 35419 1676 72 1 1 CD 35419 1676 73 " " `` 35419 1676 74 in in IN 35419 1676 75 diameter diameter NN 35419 1676 76 . . . 35419 1677 1 APPEARANCE APPEARANCE NNP 35419 1677 2 OF of IN 35419 1677 3 WOOD wood NN 35419 1677 4 : : : 35419 1677 5 Color color NN 35419 1677 6 , , , 35419 1677 7 heart heart NN 35419 1677 8 - - HYPH 35419 1677 9 wood wood NN 35419 1677 10 , , , 35419 1677 11 reddish reddish JJ 35419 1677 12 brown brown NN 35419 1677 13 , , , 35419 1677 14 sap sap NN 35419 1677 15 - - HYPH 35419 1677 16 wood wood NN 35419 1677 17 , , , 35419 1677 18 nearly nearly RB 35419 1677 19 white white JJ 35419 1677 20 ; ; : 35419 1677 21 non non JJ 35419 1677 22 - - JJ 35419 1677 23 porous porous JJ 35419 1677 24 ; ; : 35419 1677 25 rings ring NNS 35419 1677 26 , , , 35419 1677 27 fine fine JJ 35419 1677 28 and and CC 35419 1677 29 well well RB 35419 1677 30 marked marked JJ 35419 1677 31 ; ; , 35419 1677 32 grain grain NN 35419 1677 33 , , , 35419 1677 34 nearly nearly RB 35419 1677 35 straight straight JJ 35419 1677 36 , , , 35419 1677 37 burl burl NN 35419 1677 38 is be VBZ 35419 1677 39 beautifully beautifully RB 35419 1677 40 figured figure VBN 35419 1677 41 ; ; : 35419 1677 42 rays ray NNS 35419 1677 43 , , , 35419 1677 44 very very RB 35419 1677 45 obscure obscure JJ 35419 1677 46 ; ; : 35419 1677 47 non non JJ 35419 1677 48 - - JJ 35419 1677 49 resinous resinous JJ 35419 1677 50 . . . 35419 1678 1 PHYSICAL physical NN 35419 1678 2 QUALITIES quality NNS 35419 1678 3 : : : 35419 1678 4 Light light NN 35419 1678 5 in in IN 35419 1678 6 weight weight NN 35419 1678 7 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1678 8 48th 48th NN 35419 1678 9 in in IN 35419 1678 10 this this DT 35419 1678 11 list list NN 35419 1678 12 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1678 13 ; ; : 35419 1678 14 29 29 CD 35419 1678 15 lbs lbs NN 35419 1678 16 . . . 35419 1679 1 per per IN 35419 1679 2 cu cu NNP 35419 1679 3 . . . 35419 1680 1 ft ft NNP 35419 1680 2 . . NNP 35419 1680 3 ; ; : 35419 1680 4 sp sp NNP 35419 1680 5 . . . 35419 1681 1 gr gr NNP 35419 1681 2 . . . 35419 1682 1 0.4543 0.4543 CD 35419 1682 2 ; ; : 35419 1682 3 medium medium NN 35419 1682 4 strong strong JJ 35419 1682 5 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1682 6 48th 48th NN 35419 1682 7 in in IN 35419 1682 8 this this DT 35419 1682 9 list list NN 35419 1682 10 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1682 11 ; ; , 35419 1682 12 elastic elastic JJ 35419 1682 13 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1682 14 28th 28th NN 35419 1682 15 in in IN 35419 1682 16 this this DT 35419 1682 17 list list NN 35419 1682 18 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1682 19 ; ; : 35419 1682 20 soft soft JJ 35419 1682 21 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1682 22 52d 52d NNS 35419 1682 23 in in IN 35419 1682 24 this this DT 35419 1682 25 list list NN 35419 1682 26 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1682 27 ; ; : 35419 1682 28 shrinkage shrinkage NN 35419 1682 29 , , , 35419 1682 30 3 3 CD 35419 1682 31 per per NN 35419 1682 32 cent cent NN 35419 1682 33 . . . 35419 1683 1 ; ; : 35419 1683 2 warps warps NNP 35419 1683 3 but but CC 35419 1683 4 little little JJ 35419 1683 5 , , , 35419 1683 6 likely likely JJ 35419 1683 7 to to TO 35419 1683 8 check check VB 35419 1683 9 ; ; : 35419 1683 10 very very RB 35419 1683 11 durable durable JJ 35419 1683 12 ; ; : 35419 1683 13 easy easy JJ 35419 1683 14 to to TO 35419 1683 15 work work VB 35419 1683 16 , , , 35419 1683 17 in in IN 35419 1683 18 splitting splitting NN 35419 1683 19 , , , 35419 1683 20 crumbles crumble NNS 35419 1683 21 or or CC 35419 1683 22 breaks break NNS 35419 1683 23 ; ; : 35419 1683 24 nails nail NNS 35419 1683 25 well well RB 35419 1683 26 . . . 35419 1684 1 COMMON common JJ 35419 1684 2 USES use NNS 35419 1684 3 : : : 35419 1684 4 Shingles shingle NNS 35419 1684 5 , , , 35419 1684 6 posts post NNS 35419 1684 7 , , , 35419 1684 8 interior interior JJ 35419 1684 9 finish finish NN 35419 1684 10 , , , 35419 1684 11 cooperage cooperage NN 35419 1684 12 , , , 35419 1684 13 railroad railroad NN 35419 1684 14 ties tie NNS 35419 1684 15 , , , 35419 1684 16 boats boat NNS 35419 1684 17 , , , 35419 1684 18 and and CC 35419 1684 19 various various JJ 35419 1684 20 construction construction NN 35419 1684 21 work work NN 35419 1684 22 , , , 35419 1684 23 especially especially RB 35419 1684 24 conservatories conservatorie VBZ 35419 1684 25 . . . 35419 1685 1 REMARKS remarks NN 35419 1685 2 : : : 35419 1685 3 Forms form NNS 35419 1685 4 forests forest NNS 35419 1685 5 in in IN 35419 1685 6 swamps swamp NNS 35419 1685 7 ; ; : 35419 1685 8 subject subject JJ 35419 1685 9 to to IN 35419 1685 10 a a DT 35419 1685 11 fungous fungous JJ 35419 1685 12 disease disease NN 35419 1685 13 , , , 35419 1685 14 making make VBG 35419 1685 15 wood wood NN 35419 1685 16 " " `` 35419 1685 17 peggy peggy NN 35419 1685 18 " " '' 35419 1685 19 or or CC 35419 1685 20 " " `` 35419 1685 21 pecky pecky JJ 35419 1685 22 " " '' 35419 1685 23 ; ; : 35419 1685 24 use use VBP 35419 1685 25 largely largely RB 35419 1685 26 determined determine VBN 35419 1685 27 by by IN 35419 1685 28 its -PRON- PRP$ 35419 1685 29 durability durability NN 35419 1685 30 . . . 35419 1686 1 In in IN 35419 1686 2 New New NNP 35419 1686 3 Orleans Orleans NNP 35419 1686 4 90,000 90,000 CD 35419 1686 5 fresh fresh JJ 35419 1686 6 water water NN 35419 1686 7 cisterns cistern NNS 35419 1686 8 are be VBP 35419 1686 9 said say VBN 35419 1686 10 to to TO 35419 1686 11 be be VB 35419 1686 12 made make VBN 35419 1686 13 of of IN 35419 1686 14 it -PRON- PRP 35419 1686 15 . . . 35419 1687 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1687 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1687 3 : : : 35419 1687 4 Radial Radial NNP 35419 1687 5 Section Section NNP 35419 1687 6 , , , 35419 1687 7 life life NN 35419 1687 8 size size NN 35419 1687 9 . . . 35419 1687 10 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1688 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1688 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1688 3 : : : 35419 1688 4 Cross cross NN 35419 1688 5 - - NN 35419 1688 6 section section NNP 35419 1688 7 , , , 35419 1688 8 magnified magnify VBN 35419 1688 9 37 37 CD 35419 1688 10 - - HYPH 35419 1688 11 1/2 1/2 CD 35419 1688 12 diameters diameter NNS 35419 1688 13 . . . 35419 1688 14 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1689 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1689 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1689 3 : : : 35419 1689 4 Tangential Tangential NNP 35419 1689 5 Section Section NNP 35419 1689 6 , , , 35419 1689 7 life life NN 35419 1689 8 size size NN 35419 1689 9 . . . 35419 1689 10 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1690 1 24 24 CD 35419 1690 2 WESTERN WESTERN NNP 35419 1690 3 RED RED NNP 35419 1690 4 CEDAR CEDAR NNS 35419 1690 5 . . . 35419 1691 1 CANOE CANOE NNP 35419 1691 2 CEDAR CEDAR NNS 35419 1691 3 . . . 35419 1692 1 GIANT GIANT NNP 35419 1692 2 ARBORVITAE ARBORVITAE NNP 35419 1692 3 . . . 35419 1693 1 _ _ NNP 35419 1693 2 Thuja Thuja NNP 35419 1693 3 plicata plicata NN 35419 1693 4 _ _ NNP 35419 1693 5 D. D. NNP 35419 1693 6 Don Don NNP 35419 1693 7 . . . 35419 1694 1 _ _ NNP 35419 1694 2 Thuya Thuya NNP 35419 1694 3 gigantea gigantea NN 35419 1694 4 _ _ NNP 35419 1694 5 Nuttall Nuttall NNP 35419 1694 6 . . . 35419 1695 1 _ _ NNP 35419 1695 2 Thuya Thuya NNP 35419 1695 3 _ _ NNP 35419 1695 4 or or CC 35419 1695 5 _ _ NNP 35419 1695 6 Thuja Thuja NNP 35419 1695 7 _ _ NNP 35419 1695 8 , , , 35419 1695 9 the the DT 35419 1695 10 classical classical JJ 35419 1695 11 Greek greek JJ 35419 1695 12 name name NN 35419 1695 13 ; ; : 35419 1695 14 _ _ NNP 35419 1695 15 plicata plicata NN 35419 1695 16 _ _ NNP 35419 1695 17 refers refer VBZ 35419 1695 18 to to IN 35419 1695 19 the the DT 35419 1695 20 folded fold VBN 35419 1695 21 leaves leave NNS 35419 1695 22 ; ; : 35419 1695 23 _ _ NNP 35419 1695 24 gigantea gigantea NN 35419 1695 25 _ _ NNP 35419 1695 26 refers refer VBZ 35419 1695 27 to to IN 35419 1695 28 the the DT 35419 1695 29 gigantic gigantic JJ 35419 1695 30 size size NN 35419 1695 31 of of IN 35419 1695 32 the the DT 35419 1695 33 tree tree NN 35419 1695 34 . . . 35419 1696 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1696 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1696 3 : : : 35419 1696 4 Habitat Habitat NNP 35419 1696 5 . . . 35419 1696 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1697 1 HABITAT HABITAT NNP 35419 1697 2 : : : 35419 1697 3 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1697 4 See see VB 35419 1697 5 map map NN 35419 1697 6 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1697 7 ; ; : 35419 1697 8 best well RBS 35419 1697 9 in in IN 35419 1697 10 Puget Puget NNP 35419 1697 11 Sound Sound NNP 35419 1697 12 region region NN 35419 1697 13 . . . 35419 1698 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1698 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1698 3 : : : 35419 1698 4 Leaf Leaf NNP 35419 1698 5 . . . 35419 1698 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1699 1 CHARACTERISTICS characteristic NNS 35419 1699 2 OF of IN 35419 1699 3 THE the DT 35419 1699 4 TREE tree NN 35419 1699 5 : : : 35419 1699 6 Height Height NNP 35419 1699 7 , , , 35419 1699 8 100'-200 100'-200 CD 35419 1699 9 ' ' POS 35419 1699 10 ; ; : 35419 1699 11 diameter diameter NN 35419 1699 12 , , , 35419 1699 13 2'-10 2'-10 CD 35419 1699 14 ' ' '' 35419 1699 15 , , , 35419 1699 16 even even RB 35419 1699 17 15 15 CD 35419 1699 18 ' ' NNS 35419 1699 19 ; ; : 35419 1699 20 trunk trunk NN 35419 1699 21 has have VBZ 35419 1699 22 immense immense JJ 35419 1699 23 buttresses buttress NNS 35419 1699 24 , , , 35419 1699 25 often often RB 35419 1699 26 16 16 CD 35419 1699 27 ' ' '' 35419 1699 28 in in IN 35419 1699 29 diameter diameter NN 35419 1699 30 , , , 35419 1699 31 then then RB 35419 1699 32 tapers taper NNS 35419 1699 33 ; ; : 35419 1699 34 branches branch NNS 35419 1699 35 , , , 35419 1699 36 horizontal horizontal JJ 35419 1699 37 , , , 35419 1699 38 short short JJ 35419 1699 39 , , , 35419 1699 40 making make VBG 35419 1699 41 a a DT 35419 1699 42 dense dense JJ 35419 1699 43 conical conical JJ 35419 1699 44 tree tree NN 35419 1699 45 ; ; : 35419 1699 46 bark bark NN 35419 1699 47 , , , 35419 1699 48 bright bright JJ 35419 1699 49 cinnamon cinnamon JJ 35419 1699 50 red red JJ 35419 1699 51 , , , 35419 1699 52 shallow shallow JJ 35419 1699 53 fissures fissure NNS 35419 1699 54 , , , 35419 1699 55 broad broad JJ 35419 1699 56 ridges ridge NNS 35419 1699 57 , , , 35419 1699 58 peeling peel VBG 35419 1699 59 into into IN 35419 1699 60 long long JJ 35419 1699 61 , , , 35419 1699 62 narrow narrow JJ 35419 1699 63 , , , 35419 1699 64 stringy stringy JJ 35419 1699 65 scales scale VBZ 35419 1699 66 ; ; : 35419 1699 67 leaves leave NNS 35419 1699 68 , , , 35419 1699 69 very very RB 35419 1699 70 small small JJ 35419 1699 71 , , , 35419 1699 72 overlapping overlap VBG 35419 1699 73 in in IN 35419 1699 74 4 4 CD 35419 1699 75 ranks rank NNS 35419 1699 76 , , , 35419 1699 77 on on IN 35419 1699 78 older old JJR 35419 1699 79 twigs twig NNS 35419 1699 80 , , , 35419 1699 81 sharper sharp JJR 35419 1699 82 and and CC 35419 1699 83 more more RBR 35419 1699 84 remote remote JJ 35419 1699 85 ; ; : 35419 1699 86 cones cone NNS 35419 1699 87 , , , 35419 1699 88 _ _ NNP 35419 1699 89 1/2 1/2 CD 35419 1699 90 " " `` 35419 1699 91 _ _ NNP 35419 1699 92 long long JJ 35419 1699 93 , , , 35419 1699 94 small small JJ 35419 1699 95 , , , 35419 1699 96 erect erect NN 35419 1699 97 . . . 35419 1700 1 APPEARANCE APPEARANCE NNP 35419 1700 2 OF of IN 35419 1700 3 WOOD wood NN 35419 1700 4 : : : 35419 1700 5 Color color NN 35419 1700 6 , , , 35419 1700 7 dull dull JJ 35419 1700 8 brown brown NN 35419 1700 9 or or CC 35419 1700 10 red red JJ 35419 1700 11 , , , 35419 1700 12 thin thin JJ 35419 1700 13 sap sap NN 35419 1700 14 - - HYPH 35419 1700 15 wood wood NN 35419 1700 16 nearly nearly RB 35419 1700 17 white white JJ 35419 1700 18 ; ; : 35419 1700 19 non non JJ 35419 1700 20 - - JJ 35419 1700 21 porous porous JJ 35419 1700 22 ; ; : 35419 1700 23 rings ring NNS 35419 1700 24 , , , 35419 1700 25 summer summer NN 35419 1700 26 bands band NNS 35419 1700 27 thin thin JJ 35419 1700 28 , , , 35419 1700 29 dark dark JJ 35419 1700 30 colored colored JJ 35419 1700 31 , , , 35419 1700 32 distinct distinct JJ 35419 1700 33 ; ; : 35419 1700 34 grain grain NN 35419 1700 35 , , , 35419 1700 36 straight straight RB 35419 1700 37 , , , 35419 1700 38 rather rather RB 35419 1700 39 coarse coarse JJ 35419 1700 40 ; ; : 35419 1700 41 rays ray NNS 35419 1700 42 , , , 35419 1700 43 numerous numerous JJ 35419 1700 44 , , , 35419 1700 45 obscure obscure JJ 35419 1700 46 ; ; : 35419 1700 47 non non JJ 35419 1700 48 - - JJ 35419 1700 49 resinous resinous JJ 35419 1700 50 . . . 35419 1701 1 PHYSICAL PHYSICAL NNP 35419 1701 2 QUALITIES quality NNS 35419 1701 3 : : : 35419 1701 4 Very very RB 35419 1701 5 light light NN 35419 1701 6 in in IN 35419 1701 7 weight weight NN 35419 1701 8 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1701 9 60th 60th NN 35419 1701 10 in in IN 35419 1701 11 this this DT 35419 1701 12 list list NN 35419 1701 13 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1701 14 ; ; : 35419 1701 15 medium medium NN 35419 1701 16 strong strong JJ 35419 1701 17 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1701 18 40th 40th JJ 35419 1701 19 in in IN 35419 1701 20 this this DT 35419 1701 21 list list NN 35419 1701 22 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1701 23 ; ; , 35419 1701 24 elastic elastic JJ 35419 1701 25 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1701 26 26th 26th NN 35419 1701 27 in in IN 35419 1701 28 this this DT 35419 1701 29 list list NN 35419 1701 30 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1701 31 ; ; : 35419 1701 32 soft soft JJ 35419 1701 33 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1701 34 60th 60th NN 35419 1701 35 in in IN 35419 1701 36 this this DT 35419 1701 37 list list NN 35419 1701 38 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1701 39 ; ; : 35419 1701 40 shrinkage shrinkage NN 35419 1701 41 , , , 35419 1701 42 3 3 CD 35419 1701 43 per per NN 35419 1701 44 cent cent NN 35419 1701 45 . . . 35419 1702 1 ; ; : 35419 1702 2 warps warps NN 35419 1702 3 and and CC 35419 1702 4 checks check NNS 35419 1702 5 little little JJ 35419 1702 6 ; ; : 35419 1702 7 very very RB 35419 1702 8 durable durable JJ 35419 1702 9 ; ; : 35419 1702 10 easy easy JJ 35419 1702 11 to to TO 35419 1702 12 work work VB 35419 1702 13 ; ; : 35419 1702 14 splits split VBZ 35419 1702 15 easily easily RB 35419 1702 16 . . . 35419 1703 1 COMMON common JJ 35419 1703 2 USES use NNS 35419 1703 3 : : : 35419 1703 4 Interior interior JJ 35419 1703 5 finish finish NN 35419 1703 6 , , , 35419 1703 7 cabinet cabinet NN 35419 1703 8 making making NN 35419 1703 9 , , , 35419 1703 10 cooperage cooperage NN 35419 1703 11 , , , 35419 1703 12 shingles shingle NNS 35419 1703 13 , , , 35419 1703 14 electric electric JJ 35419 1703 15 wire wire NN 35419 1703 16 poles pole NNS 35419 1703 17 . . . 35419 1704 1 REMARKS remarks NN 35419 1704 2 : : : 35419 1704 3 Wood wood NN 35419 1704 4 used use VBN 35419 1704 5 by by IN 35419 1704 6 Indians Indians NNPS 35419 1704 7 for for IN 35419 1704 8 war war NN 35419 1704 9 canoes canoe NNS 35419 1704 10 , , , 35419 1704 11 totems totem NNS 35419 1704 12 and and CC 35419 1704 13 planks plank NNS 35419 1704 14 for for IN 35419 1704 15 lodges lodge NNS 35419 1704 16 ; ; : 35419 1704 17 inner inner JJ 35419 1704 18 bark bark NN 35419 1704 19 used use VBN 35419 1704 20 for for IN 35419 1704 21 ropes rope NNS 35419 1704 22 and and CC 35419 1704 23 textiles textile NNS 35419 1704 24 . . . 35419 1705 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1705 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1705 3 : : : 35419 1705 4 Radial Radial NNP 35419 1705 5 Section Section NNP 35419 1705 6 , , , 35419 1705 7 life life NN 35419 1705 8 size size NN 35419 1705 9 . . . 35419 1705 10 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1706 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1706 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1706 3 : : : 35419 1706 4 Cross cross NN 35419 1706 5 - - NN 35419 1706 6 section section NNP 35419 1706 7 , , , 35419 1706 8 magnified magnify VBN 35419 1706 9 37 37 CD 35419 1706 10 - - HYPH 35419 1706 11 1/2 1/2 CD 35419 1706 12 diameters diameter NNS 35419 1706 13 . . . 35419 1706 14 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1707 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1707 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1707 3 : : : 35419 1707 4 Tangential Tangential NNP 35419 1707 5 Section Section NNP 35419 1707 6 , , , 35419 1707 7 life life NN 35419 1707 8 size size NN 35419 1707 9 . . . 35419 1707 10 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1708 1 25 25 CD 35419 1708 2 WHITE white JJ 35419 1708 3 CEDAR CEDAR NNS 35419 1708 4 . . . 35419 1709 1 _ _ NNP 35419 1709 2 Chamaecyparis Chamaecyparis NNP 35419 1709 3 thyoides thyoide NNS 35419 1709 4 _ _ NNP 35419 1709 5 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1709 6 Linnaeus Linnaeus NNP 35419 1709 7 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1709 8 B. B. NNP 35419 1709 9 S. S. NNP 35419 1709 10 P. P. NNP 35419 1709 11 _ _ NNP 35419 1709 12 Chamaecyparis Chamaecyparis NNP 35419 1709 13 _ _ NNP 35419 1709 14 means mean VBZ 35419 1709 15 low low JJ 35419 1709 16 cypress cypress NN 35419 1709 17 ; ; : 35419 1709 18 _ _ NNP 35419 1709 19 thyoides thyoide NNS 35419 1709 20 _ _ NNP 35419 1709 21 means mean VBZ 35419 1709 22 like like IN 35419 1709 23 _ _ NNP 35419 1709 24 thuya thuya NNP 35419 1709 25 _ _ NNP 35419 1709 26 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1709 27 _ _ NNP 35419 1709 28 Aborvitae Aborvitae NNP 35419 1709 29 _ _ NNP 35419 1709 30 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1709 31 . . . 35419 1710 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1710 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1710 3 : : : 35419 1710 4 Habitat Habitat NNP 35419 1710 5 . . . 35419 1710 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1711 1 HABITAT HABITAT NNP 35419 1711 2 : : : 35419 1711 3 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1711 4 See see VB 35419 1711 5 map map NN 35419 1711 6 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1711 7 ; ; : 35419 1711 8 best well RBS 35419 1711 9 in in IN 35419 1711 10 Virginia Virginia NNP 35419 1711 11 and and CC 35419 1711 12 North North NNP 35419 1711 13 Carolina Carolina NNP 35419 1711 14 . . . 35419 1712 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1712 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1712 3 : : : 35419 1712 4 Leaf Leaf NNP 35419 1712 5 . . . 35419 1712 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1713 1 CHARACTERISTICS characteristic NNS 35419 1713 2 OF of IN 35419 1713 3 THE the DT 35419 1713 4 TREE tree NN 35419 1713 5 : : : 35419 1713 6 Height Height NNP 35419 1713 7 , , , 35419 1713 8 60'-80 60'-80 NNP 35419 1713 9 ' ' POS 35419 1713 10 ; ; : 35419 1713 11 diameter diameter NN 35419 1713 12 , , , 35419 1713 13 2'-4 2'-4 NNP 35419 1713 14 ' ' '' 35419 1713 15 ; ; : 35419 1713 16 branches branch NNS 35419 1713 17 , , , 35419 1713 18 low low JJ 35419 1713 19 , , , 35419 1713 20 often often RB 35419 1713 21 forming form VBG 35419 1713 22 impenetrable impenetrable JJ 35419 1713 23 thickets thicket NNS 35419 1713 24 ; ; : 35419 1713 25 bark bark NN 35419 1713 26 , , , 35419 1713 27 light light JJ 35419 1713 28 reddish reddish NNP 35419 1713 29 brown brown NNP 35419 1713 30 , , , 35419 1713 31 many many JJ 35419 1713 32 fine fine JJ 35419 1713 33 longitudinal longitudinal JJ 35419 1713 34 fissures fissure NNS 35419 1713 35 , , , 35419 1713 36 often often RB 35419 1713 37 spirally spirally RB 35419 1713 38 twisted twist VBN 35419 1713 39 around around IN 35419 1713 40 stem stem NN 35419 1713 41 ; ; : 35419 1713 42 leaves leave NNS 35419 1713 43 , , , 35419 1713 44 scale scale NN 35419 1713 45 - - HYPH 35419 1713 46 like like JJ 35419 1713 47 , , , 35419 1713 48 four four CD 35419 1713 49 - - HYPH 35419 1713 50 ranked rank VBN 35419 1713 51 ; ; : 35419 1713 52 cones cone NNS 35419 1713 53 , , , 35419 1713 54 globular globular JJ 35419 1713 55 , , , 35419 1713 56 1/4 1/4 CD 35419 1713 57 " " `` 35419 1713 58 diameter diameter NN 35419 1713 59 . . . 35419 1714 1 APPEARANCE APPEARANCE NNP 35419 1714 2 OF of IN 35419 1714 3 WOOD wood NN 35419 1714 4 : : : 35419 1714 5 Color color NN 35419 1714 6 , , , 35419 1714 7 pink pink JJ 35419 1714 8 to to IN 35419 1714 9 brown brown NNP 35419 1714 10 , , , 35419 1714 11 sap sap NN 35419 1714 12 - - HYPH 35419 1714 13 wood wood NN 35419 1714 14 lighter lighter NN 35419 1714 15 ; ; : 35419 1714 16 non non JJ 35419 1714 17 - - JJ 35419 1714 18 porous porous JJ 35419 1714 19 ; ; : 35419 1714 20 rings ring NNS 35419 1714 21 , , , 35419 1714 22 sharp sharp JJ 35419 1714 23 and and CC 35419 1714 24 distinct distinct JJ 35419 1714 25 ; ; : 35419 1714 26 grain grain NN 35419 1714 27 , , , 35419 1714 28 straight straight JJ 35419 1714 29 ; ; : 35419 1714 30 rays ray NNS 35419 1714 31 , , , 35419 1714 32 numerous numerous JJ 35419 1714 33 , , , 35419 1714 34 obscure obscure JJ 35419 1714 35 ; ; : 35419 1714 36 non non JJ 35419 1714 37 - - JJ 35419 1714 38 resinous resinous JJ 35419 1714 39 . . . 35419 1715 1 PHYSICAL PHYSICAL NNP 35419 1715 2 QUALITIES quality NNS 35419 1715 3 : : : 35419 1715 4 Very very RB 35419 1715 5 light light NN 35419 1715 6 in in IN 35419 1715 7 weight weight NN 35419 1715 8 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1715 9 64th 64th NN 35419 1715 10 in in IN 35419 1715 11 this this DT 35419 1715 12 list list NN 35419 1715 13 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1715 14 ; ; : 35419 1715 15 23 23 CD 35419 1715 16 lbs lb NNS 35419 1715 17 . . . 35419 1716 1 per per IN 35419 1716 2 cu cu NNP 35419 1716 3 . . . 35419 1717 1 ft ft NNP 35419 1717 2 . . NNP 35419 1717 3 ; ; : 35419 1717 4 sp sp NNP 35419 1717 5 . . . 35419 1718 1 gr gr NNP 35419 1718 2 . . . 35419 1719 1 0.3322 0.3322 LS 35419 1719 2 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1719 3 ; ; : 35419 1719 4 weak weak JJ 35419 1719 5 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1719 6 64th 64th NN 35419 1719 7 in in IN 35419 1719 8 this this DT 35419 1719 9 list list NN 35419 1719 10 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1719 11 ; ; : 35419 1719 12 brittle brittle JJ 35419 1719 13 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1719 14 63d 63d NNS 35419 1719 15 in in IN 35419 1719 16 this this DT 35419 1719 17 list list NN 35419 1719 18 ; ; : 35419 1719 19 soft soft JJ 35419 1719 20 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1719 21 62d 62d NNS 35419 1719 22 in in IN 35419 1719 23 this this DT 35419 1719 24 list list NN 35419 1719 25 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1719 26 ; ; : 35419 1719 27 shrinkage shrinkage NN 35419 1719 28 3 3 CD 35419 1719 29 per per NN 35419 1719 30 cent cent NN 35419 1719 31 . . . 35419 1720 1 ; ; : 35419 1720 2 warps warps NNP 35419 1720 3 little little JJ 35419 1720 4 ; ; : 35419 1720 5 extremely extremely RB 35419 1720 6 durable durable JJ 35419 1720 7 ; ; : 35419 1720 8 easily easily RB 35419 1720 9 worked work VBN 35419 1720 10 ; ; : 35419 1720 11 splits split VBZ 35419 1720 12 easily easily RB 35419 1720 13 ; ; : 35419 1720 14 nails nail NNS 35419 1720 15 well well RB 35419 1720 16 . . . 35419 1721 1 COMMON common JJ 35419 1721 2 USES use NNS 35419 1721 3 : : : 35419 1721 4 Boats boat NNS 35419 1721 5 , , , 35419 1721 6 shingles shingle NNS 35419 1721 7 , , , 35419 1721 8 posts post NNS 35419 1721 9 , , , 35419 1721 10 railway railway NN 35419 1721 11 ties tie NNS 35419 1721 12 , , , 35419 1721 13 cooperage cooperage NN 35419 1721 14 . . . 35419 1722 1 REMARKS remarks NN 35419 1722 2 : : : 35419 1722 3 Grows grow VBZ 35419 1722 4 chiefly chiefly RB 35419 1722 5 in in IN 35419 1722 6 swamps swamp NNS 35419 1722 7 , , , 35419 1722 8 often often RB 35419 1722 9 in in IN 35419 1722 10 dense dense JJ 35419 1722 11 pure pure JJ 35419 1722 12 forests forest NNS 35419 1722 13 . . . 35419 1723 1 Uses use NNS 35419 1723 2 determined determine VBN 35419 1723 3 largely largely RB 35419 1723 4 by by IN 35419 1723 5 its -PRON- PRP$ 35419 1723 6 durability durability NN 35419 1723 7 . . . 35419 1724 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1724 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1724 3 : : : 35419 1724 4 Radial Radial NNP 35419 1724 5 Section Section NNP 35419 1724 6 , , , 35419 1724 7 life life NN 35419 1724 8 size size NN 35419 1724 9 . . . 35419 1724 10 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1725 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1725 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1725 3 : : : 35419 1725 4 Cross cross NN 35419 1725 5 - - NN 35419 1725 6 section section NNP 35419 1725 7 , , , 35419 1725 8 magnified magnify VBN 35419 1725 9 37 37 CD 35419 1725 10 - - HYPH 35419 1725 11 1/2 1/2 CD 35419 1725 12 diameters diameter NNS 35419 1725 13 . . . 35419 1725 14 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1726 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1726 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1726 3 : : : 35419 1726 4 Tangential Tangential NNP 35419 1726 5 Section Section NNP 35419 1726 6 , , , 35419 1726 7 life life NN 35419 1726 8 size size NN 35419 1726 9 . . . 35419 1726 10 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1727 1 26 26 CD 35419 1727 2 LAWSON LAWSON NNP 35419 1727 3 CYPRESS CYPRESS NNP 35419 1727 4 . . . 35419 1728 1 PORT PORT NNP 35419 1728 2 ORFORD ORFORD NNP 35419 1728 3 CEDAR CEDAR NNS 35419 1728 4 . . . 35419 1729 1 OREGON oregon JJ 35419 1729 2 CEDAR CEDAR NNS 35419 1729 3 . . . 35419 1730 1 WHITE white JJ 35419 1730 2 CEDAR CEDAR NNP 35419 1730 3 . . . 35419 1731 1 _ _ NNP 35419 1731 2 Chamaecyparis Chamaecyparis NNP 35419 1731 3 lawsoniana lawsoniana NNP 35419 1731 4 _ _ NNP 35419 1731 5 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1731 6 A. A. NNP 35419 1731 7 Murray Murray NNP 35419 1731 8 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1731 9 Parlatore Parlatore NNP 35419 1731 10 . . . 35419 1732 1 _ _ NNP 35419 1732 2 Chamaecyparis Chamaecyparis NNP 35419 1732 3 _ _ NNP 35419 1732 4 means mean VBZ 35419 1732 5 low low JJ 35419 1732 6 cypress cypress NN 35419 1732 7 . . . 35419 1733 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1733 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1733 3 : : : 35419 1733 4 Habitat Habitat NNP 35419 1733 5 . . . 35419 1733 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1734 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1734 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1734 3 : : : 35419 1734 4 Leaf Leaf NNP 35419 1734 5 . . . 35419 1734 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1735 1 HABITAT HABITAT NNP 35419 1735 2 : : : 35419 1735 3 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1735 4 See see VB 35419 1735 5 map map NN 35419 1735 6 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1735 7 ; ; : 35419 1735 8 best well RBS 35419 1735 9 on on IN 35419 1735 10 coast coast NN 35419 1735 11 of of IN 35419 1735 12 Oregon Oregon NNP 35419 1735 13 . . . 35419 1736 1 CHARACTERISTICS characteristic NNS 35419 1736 2 OF of IN 35419 1736 3 THE the DT 35419 1736 4 TREE tree NN 35419 1736 5 : : : 35419 1736 6 Height Height NNP 35419 1736 7 , , , 35419 1736 8 100'-200 100'-200 CD 35419 1736 9 ' ' POS 35419 1736 10 ; ; : 35419 1736 11 diameter diameter NN 35419 1736 12 , , , 35419 1736 13 4'-8 4'-8 CD 35419 1736 14 ' ' CD 35419 1736 15 , , , 35419 1736 16 even even RB 35419 1736 17 12 12 CD 35419 1736 18 ' ' CD 35419 1736 19 ; ; : 35419 1736 20 base base NN 35419 1736 21 of of IN 35419 1736 22 trunk trunk NN 35419 1736 23 abruptly abruptly RB 35419 1736 24 enlarged enlarge VBD 35419 1736 25 ; ; : 35419 1736 26 bark bark NN 35419 1736 27 , , , 35419 1736 28 very very RB 35419 1736 29 thick thick JJ 35419 1736 30 , , , 35419 1736 31 even even RB 35419 1736 32 10 10 CD 35419 1736 33 " " `` 35419 1736 34 at at IN 35419 1736 35 base base NN 35419 1736 36 of of IN 35419 1736 37 trunk trunk NN 35419 1736 38 , , , 35419 1736 39 inner inner JJ 35419 1736 40 and and CC 35419 1736 41 outer outer JJ 35419 1736 42 layers layer NNS 35419 1736 43 distinct distinct JJ 35419 1736 44 , , , 35419 1736 45 very very RB 35419 1736 46 deep deep JJ 35419 1736 47 fissures fissure NNS 35419 1736 48 , , , 35419 1736 49 rounded round VBD 35419 1736 50 ridges ridge NNS 35419 1736 51 ; ; : 35419 1736 52 leaves leave NNS 35419 1736 53 , , , 35419 1736 54 very very RB 35419 1736 55 small small JJ 35419 1736 56 , , , 35419 1736 57 1/16 1/16 CD 35419 1736 58 " " `` 35419 1736 59 long long JJ 35419 1736 60 , , , 35419 1736 61 four four CD 35419 1736 62 - - HYPH 35419 1736 63 ranked ranked JJ 35419 1736 64 , , , 35419 1736 65 overlapped overlap VBN 35419 1736 66 , , , 35419 1736 67 flat flat JJ 35419 1736 68 sprays spray NNS 35419 1736 69 ; ; : 35419 1736 70 cones cone NNS 35419 1736 71 , , , 35419 1736 72 small small JJ 35419 1736 73 , , , 35419 1736 74 1/4 1/4 CD 35419 1736 75 " " '' 35419 1736 76 , , , 35419 1736 77 globular globular JJ 35419 1736 78 . . . 35419 1737 1 APPEARANCE APPEARANCE NNP 35419 1737 2 OF of IN 35419 1737 3 WOOD wood NN 35419 1737 4 : : : 35419 1737 5 Color color NN 35419 1737 6 , , , 35419 1737 7 pinkish pinkish NNP 35419 1737 8 brown brown NNP 35419 1737 9 , , , 35419 1737 10 sap sap NN 35419 1737 11 - - HYPH 35419 1737 12 wood wood NN 35419 1737 13 hardly hardly RB 35419 1737 14 distinguishable distinguishable JJ 35419 1737 15 ; ; : 35419 1737 16 non non JJ 35419 1737 17 - - JJ 35419 1737 18 porous porous JJ 35419 1737 19 ; ; : 35419 1737 20 rings ring NNS 35419 1737 21 , , , 35419 1737 22 summer summer NN 35419 1737 23 wood wood NN 35419 1737 24 thin thin RB 35419 1737 25 , , , 35419 1737 26 not not RB 35419 1737 27 conspicuous conspicuous JJ 35419 1737 28 ; ; : 35419 1737 29 grain grain NN 35419 1737 30 , , , 35419 1737 31 straight straight RB 35419 1737 32 , , , 35419 1737 33 close close JJ 35419 1737 34 ; ; : 35419 1737 35 rays ray NNS 35419 1737 36 , , , 35419 1737 37 numerous numerous JJ 35419 1737 38 , , , 35419 1737 39 very very RB 35419 1737 40 obscure obscure JJ 35419 1737 41 ; ; : 35419 1737 42 non non JJ 35419 1737 43 - - JJ 35419 1737 44 resinous resinous JJ 35419 1737 45 . . . 35419 1738 1 PHYSICAL physical NN 35419 1738 2 QUALITIES quality NNS 35419 1738 3 : : : 35419 1738 4 Light light NN 35419 1738 5 in in IN 35419 1738 6 weight weight NN 35419 1738 7 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1738 8 46th 46th NN 35419 1738 9 in in IN 35419 1738 10 this this DT 35419 1738 11 list list NN 35419 1738 12 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1738 13 ; ; : 35419 1738 14 28 28 CD 35419 1738 15 lbs lbs NN 35419 1738 16 . . . 35419 1739 1 per per IN 35419 1739 2 cu cu NNP 35419 1739 3 . . . 35419 1740 1 ft ft NNP 35419 1740 2 . . NNP 35419 1740 3 ; ; : 35419 1740 4 sp sp NNP 35419 1740 5 . . . 35419 1741 1 gr gr NNP 35419 1741 2 . . . 35419 1742 1 0.4621 0.4621 CD 35419 1742 2 ; ; : 35419 1742 3 strong strong JJ 35419 1742 4 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1742 5 25th 25th NN 35419 1742 6 in in IN 35419 1742 7 this this DT 35419 1742 8 list list NN 35419 1742 9 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1742 10 ; ; : 35419 1742 11 elastic elastic JJ 35419 1742 12 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1742 13 12th 12th NN 35419 1742 14 in in IN 35419 1742 15 this this DT 35419 1742 16 list list NN 35419 1742 17 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1742 18 ; ; : 35419 1742 19 soft soft JJ 35419 1742 20 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1742 21 50th 50th JJ 35419 1742 22 in in IN 35419 1742 23 this this DT 35419 1742 24 list list NN 35419 1742 25 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1742 26 ; ; : 35419 1742 27 shrinkage shrinkage NN 35419 1742 28 3 3 CD 35419 1742 29 or or CC 35419 1742 30 4 4 CD 35419 1742 31 per per NN 35419 1742 32 cent cent NN 35419 1742 33 . . . 35419 1743 1 ; ; : 35419 1743 2 warps warps NNP 35419 1743 3 little little JJ 35419 1743 4 ; ; : 35419 1743 5 durable durable JJ 35419 1743 6 ; ; : 35419 1743 7 easily easily RB 35419 1743 8 worked work VBN 35419 1743 9 ; ; : 35419 1743 10 splits split VBZ 35419 1743 11 easily easily RB 35419 1743 12 . . . 35419 1744 1 COMMON common JJ 35419 1744 2 USES use NNS 35419 1744 3 : : : 35419 1744 4 Matches match NNS 35419 1744 5 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1744 6 almost almost RB 35419 1744 7 exclusively exclusively RB 35419 1744 8 on on IN 35419 1744 9 the the DT 35419 1744 10 Pacific Pacific NNP 35419 1744 11 Coast Coast NNP 35419 1744 12 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1744 13 , , , 35419 1744 14 interior interior JJ 35419 1744 15 finish finish NN 35419 1744 16 , , , 35419 1744 17 ship ship NN 35419 1744 18 and and CC 35419 1744 19 boat boat NN 35419 1744 20 building building NN 35419 1744 21 . . . 35419 1745 1 REMARKS remarks NN 35419 1745 2 : : : 35419 1745 3 Resin Resin NNP 35419 1745 4 , , , 35419 1745 5 a a DT 35419 1745 6 powerful powerful JJ 35419 1745 7 diuretic diuretic NN 35419 1745 8 and and CC 35419 1745 9 insecticide insecticide NN 35419 1745 10 . . . 35419 1746 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1746 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1746 3 : : : 35419 1746 4 Radial Radial NNP 35419 1746 5 Section Section NNP 35419 1746 6 , , , 35419 1746 7 life life NN 35419 1746 8 size size NN 35419 1746 9 . . . 35419 1746 10 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1747 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1747 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1747 3 : : : 35419 1747 4 Cross cross NN 35419 1747 5 - - NN 35419 1747 6 section section NNP 35419 1747 7 , , , 35419 1747 8 magnified magnify VBN 35419 1747 9 37 37 CD 35419 1747 10 - - HYPH 35419 1747 11 1/2 1/2 CD 35419 1747 12 diameters diameter NNS 35419 1747 13 . . . 35419 1747 14 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1748 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1748 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1748 3 : : : 35419 1748 4 Tangential Tangential NNP 35419 1748 5 Section Section NNP 35419 1748 6 , , , 35419 1748 7 life life NN 35419 1748 8 size size NN 35419 1748 9 . . . 35419 1748 10 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1749 1 27 27 CD 35419 1749 2 RED RED NNP 35419 1749 3 CEDAR CEDAR NNS 35419 1749 4 . . . 35419 1750 1 _ _ NNP 35419 1750 2 Juniperus Juniperus NNP 35419 1750 3 virginiana virginiana NNS 35419 1750 4 _ _ NNP 35419 1750 5 Linnaeus Linnaeus NNP 35419 1750 6 . . . 35419 1751 1 _ _ NNP 35419 1751 2 Juniperus Juniperus NNP 35419 1751 3 _ _ NNP 35419 1751 4 , , , 35419 1751 5 the the DT 35419 1751 6 classical classical JJ 35419 1751 7 Latin latin JJ 35419 1751 8 name name NN 35419 1751 9 ; ; : 35419 1751 10 _ _ NNP 35419 1751 11 virginiana virginiana NNP 35419 1751 12 _ _ NNP 35419 1751 13 , , , 35419 1751 14 in in IN 35419 1751 15 honor honor NN 35419 1751 16 of of IN 35419 1751 17 the the DT 35419 1751 18 State State NNP 35419 1751 19 of of IN 35419 1751 20 Virginia Virginia NNP 35419 1751 21 . . . 35419 1752 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1752 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1752 3 : : : 35419 1752 4 Habitat Habitat NNP 35419 1752 5 . . . 35419 1752 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1753 1 HABITAT HABITAT NNP 35419 1753 2 : : : 35419 1753 3 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1753 4 See see VB 35419 1753 5 map map NN 35419 1753 6 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1753 7 ; ; : 35419 1753 8 best well RBS 35419 1753 9 in in IN 35419 1753 10 Gulf Gulf NNP 35419 1753 11 States States NNP 35419 1753 12 in in IN 35419 1753 13 swamps swamp NNS 35419 1753 14 , , , 35419 1753 15 especially especially RB 35419 1753 16 on on IN 35419 1753 17 the the DT 35419 1753 18 west west JJ 35419 1753 19 coast coast NN 35419 1753 20 of of IN 35419 1753 21 Florida Florida NNP 35419 1753 22 . . . 35419 1754 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1754 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1754 3 : : : 35419 1754 4 Leaf Leaf NNP 35419 1754 5 . . . 35419 1754 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1755 1 CHARACTERISTICS characteristic NNS 35419 1755 2 OF of IN 35419 1755 3 THE the DT 35419 1755 4 TREE tree NN 35419 1755 5 : : : 35419 1755 6 Height height NN 35419 1755 7 , , , 35419 1755 8 40'-50 40'-50 NNP 35419 1755 9 ' ' POS 35419 1755 10 , , , 35419 1755 11 even even RB 35419 1755 12 80 80 CD 35419 1755 13 ' ' POS 35419 1755 14 ; ; : 35419 1755 15 diameter diameter NN 35419 1755 16 , , , 35419 1755 17 1'-2 1'-2 NNP 35419 1755 18 ' ' POS 35419 1755 19 ; ; : 35419 1755 20 trunk trunk NN 35419 1755 21 , , , 35419 1755 22 ridged ridge VBN 35419 1755 23 , , , 35419 1755 24 sometimes sometimes RB 35419 1755 25 expanded expand VBN 35419 1755 26 ; ; : 35419 1755 27 branches branch NNS 35419 1755 28 , , , 35419 1755 29 low low JJ 35419 1755 30 ; ; : 35419 1755 31 bark bark NN 35419 1755 32 , , , 35419 1755 33 light light NNP 35419 1755 34 brown brown NNP 35419 1755 35 , , , 35419 1755 36 loose loose JJ 35419 1755 37 , , , 35419 1755 38 ragged ragged JJ 35419 1755 39 , , , 35419 1755 40 separating separate VBG 35419 1755 41 into into IN 35419 1755 42 long long JJ 35419 1755 43 , , , 35419 1755 44 narrow narrow JJ 35419 1755 45 , , , 35419 1755 46 persistent persistent JJ 35419 1755 47 , , , 35419 1755 48 stringy stringy JJ 35419 1755 49 scales scale NNS 35419 1755 50 ; ; : 35419 1755 51 leaves leave NNS 35419 1755 52 , , , 35419 1755 53 opposite opposite JJ 35419 1755 54 , , , 35419 1755 55 of of IN 35419 1755 56 two two CD 35419 1755 57 kinds kind NNS 35419 1755 58 , , , 35419 1755 59 awl awl NN 35419 1755 60 - - HYPH 35419 1755 61 shaped shaped JJ 35419 1755 62 , , , 35419 1755 63 and and CC 35419 1755 64 scale scale NN 35419 1755 65 - - HYPH 35419 1755 66 shaped shaped JJ 35419 1755 67 ; ; : 35419 1755 68 fruit fruit NN 35419 1755 69 , , , 35419 1755 70 dark dark JJ 35419 1755 71 blue blue JJ 35419 1755 72 berry berry NN 35419 1755 73 . . . 35419 1756 1 APPEARANCE APPEARANCE NNP 35419 1756 2 OF of IN 35419 1756 3 WOOD wood NN 35419 1756 4 : : : 35419 1756 5 Color color NN 35419 1756 6 , , , 35419 1756 7 dull dull JJ 35419 1756 8 red red JJ 35419 1756 9 , , , 35419 1756 10 sap sap NN 35419 1756 11 - - HYPH 35419 1756 12 wood wood NN 35419 1756 13 white white NN 35419 1756 14 ; ; : 35419 1756 15 non non JJ 35419 1756 16 - - JJ 35419 1756 17 porous porous JJ 35419 1756 18 ; ; : 35419 1756 19 rings ring NNS 35419 1756 20 , , , 35419 1756 21 easily easily RB 35419 1756 22 distinguished distinguished JJ 35419 1756 23 ; ; : 35419 1756 24 grain grain NN 35419 1756 25 , , , 35419 1756 26 straight straight JJ 35419 1756 27 ; ; : 35419 1756 28 rays ray NNS 35419 1756 29 , , , 35419 1756 30 numerous numerous JJ 35419 1756 31 , , , 35419 1756 32 very very RB 35419 1756 33 obscure obscure JJ 35419 1756 34 ; ; : 35419 1756 35 non non JJ 35419 1756 36 - - JJ 35419 1756 37 resinous resinous JJ 35419 1756 38 . . . 35419 1757 1 PHYSICAL PHYSICAL NNP 35419 1757 2 QUALITIES quality NNS 35419 1757 3 : : : 35419 1757 4 Very very RB 35419 1757 5 light light NN 35419 1757 6 in in IN 35419 1757 7 weight weight NN 35419 1757 8 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1757 9 42d 42d NNS 35419 1757 10 in in IN 35419 1757 11 this this DT 35419 1757 12 list list NN 35419 1757 13 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1757 14 ; ; : 35419 1757 15 30 30 CD 35419 1757 16 lbs lbs NN 35419 1757 17 . . . 35419 1758 1 per per IN 35419 1758 2 cu cu NNP 35419 1758 3 . . . 35419 1759 1 ft ft NNP 35419 1759 2 . . NNP 35419 1759 3 ; ; : 35419 1759 4 sp sp NNP 35419 1759 5 . . . 35419 1760 1 gr gr NNP 35419 1760 2 . . . 35419 1761 1 0.4826 0.4826 NNP 35419 1761 2 ; ; : 35419 1761 3 medium medium NN 35419 1761 4 strong strong JJ 35419 1761 5 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1761 6 43d 43d NNS 35419 1761 7 in in IN 35419 1761 8 this this DT 35419 1761 9 list list NN 35419 1761 10 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1761 11 ; ; : 35419 1761 12 brittle brittle JJ 35419 1761 13 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1761 14 61st 61st NN 35419 1761 15 in in IN 35419 1761 16 this this DT 35419 1761 17 list list NN 35419 1761 18 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1761 19 ; ; : 35419 1761 20 medium medium NNP 35419 1761 21 hard hard RB 35419 1761 22 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1761 23 34th 34th NN 35419 1761 24 in in IN 35419 1761 25 this this DT 35419 1761 26 list list NN 35419 1761 27 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1761 28 ; ; : 35419 1761 29 shrinkage shrinkage NN 35419 1761 30 , , , 35419 1761 31 3 3 CD 35419 1761 32 per per NN 35419 1761 33 cent cent NN 35419 1761 34 . . . 35419 1762 1 ; ; : 35419 1762 2 warps warps NNP 35419 1762 3 little little JJ 35419 1762 4 ; ; : 35419 1762 5 very very RB 35419 1762 6 durable durable JJ 35419 1762 7 ; ; : 35419 1762 8 easy easy JJ 35419 1762 9 to to TO 35419 1762 10 work work VB 35419 1762 11 ; ; : 35419 1762 12 splits split VBZ 35419 1762 13 readily readily RB 35419 1762 14 , , , 35419 1762 15 takes take VBZ 35419 1762 16 nails nail NNS 35419 1762 17 well well RB 35419 1762 18 . . . 35419 1763 1 COMMON common JJ 35419 1763 2 USES use NNS 35419 1763 3 : : : 35419 1763 4 Pencils pencil NNS 35419 1763 5 , , , 35419 1763 6 chests chest NNS 35419 1763 7 , , , 35419 1763 8 cigar cigar NN 35419 1763 9 boxes box NNS 35419 1763 10 , , , 35419 1763 11 pails pail NNS 35419 1763 12 , , , 35419 1763 13 interior interior JJ 35419 1763 14 finish finish NN 35419 1763 15 . . . 35419 1764 1 REMARKS remarks NN 35419 1764 2 : : : 35419 1764 3 Fragrant fragrant JJ 35419 1764 4 . . . 35419 1765 1 Pencils pencil NNS 35419 1765 2 are be VBP 35419 1765 3 made make VBN 35419 1765 4 almost almost RB 35419 1765 5 exclusively exclusively RB 35419 1765 6 of of IN 35419 1765 7 this this DT 35419 1765 8 wood wood NN 35419 1765 9 , , , 35419 1765 10 because because IN 35419 1765 11 it -PRON- PRP 35419 1765 12 is be VBZ 35419 1765 13 light light JJ 35419 1765 14 , , , 35419 1765 15 strong strong JJ 35419 1765 16 , , , 35419 1765 17 stiff stiff JJ 35419 1765 18 , , , 35419 1765 19 straight straight JJ 35419 1765 20 and and CC 35419 1765 21 fine fine RB 35419 1765 22 - - HYPH 35419 1765 23 grained grained JJ 35419 1765 24 and and CC 35419 1765 25 easily easily RB 35419 1765 26 whittled whittle VBN 35419 1765 27 ; ; : 35419 1765 28 supply supply NN 35419 1765 29 being be VBG 35419 1765 30 rapidly rapidly RB 35419 1765 31 depleted deplete VBN 35419 1765 32 . . . 35419 1766 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1766 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1766 3 : : : 35419 1766 4 Radial Radial NNP 35419 1766 5 Section Section NNP 35419 1766 6 , , , 35419 1766 7 life life NN 35419 1766 8 size size NN 35419 1766 9 . . . 35419 1766 10 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1767 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1767 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1767 3 : : : 35419 1767 4 Cross cross NN 35419 1767 5 - - NN 35419 1767 6 section section NNP 35419 1767 7 , , , 35419 1767 8 magnified magnify VBN 35419 1767 9 37 37 CD 35419 1767 10 - - HYPH 35419 1767 11 1/2 1/2 CD 35419 1767 12 diameters diameter NNS 35419 1767 13 . . . 35419 1767 14 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1768 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1768 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1768 3 : : : 35419 1768 4 Tangential Tangential NNP 35419 1768 5 Section Section NNP 35419 1768 6 , , , 35419 1768 7 life life NN 35419 1768 8 size size NN 35419 1768 9 . . . 35419 1768 10 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1769 1 28 28 CD 35419 1769 2 BLACK black NN 35419 1769 3 WILLOW WILLOW NNP 35419 1769 4 . . . 35419 1770 1 _ _ NNP 35419 1770 2 Salix Salix NNP 35419 1770 3 nigra nigra NN 35419 1770 4 _ _ NNP 35419 1770 5 Marshall Marshall NNP 35419 1770 6 . . . 35419 1771 1 _ _ NNP 35419 1771 2 Salix Salix NNP 35419 1771 3 _ _ NNP 35419 1771 4 , , , 35419 1771 5 from from IN 35419 1771 6 two two CD 35419 1771 7 Celtic celtic JJ 35419 1771 8 words word NNS 35419 1771 9 meaning mean VBG 35419 1771 10 near near JJ 35419 1771 11 - - HYPH 35419 1771 12 water water NN 35419 1771 13 ; ; : 35419 1771 14 _ _ NNP 35419 1771 15 nigra nigra NN 35419 1771 16 _ _ NNP 35419 1771 17 refers refer VBZ 35419 1771 18 to to IN 35419 1771 19 the the DT 35419 1771 20 dark dark JJ 35419 1771 21 bark bark NN 35419 1771 22 . . . 35419 1772 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1772 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1772 3 : : : 35419 1772 4 Habitat Habitat NNP 35419 1772 5 . . . 35419 1772 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1773 1 HABITAT HABITAT NNP 35419 1773 2 : : : 35419 1773 3 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1773 4 See see VB 35419 1773 5 map map NN 35419 1773 6 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1773 7 ; ; : 35419 1773 8 grows grow VBZ 35419 1773 9 largest large JJS 35419 1773 10 in in IN 35419 1773 11 southern southern JJ 35419 1773 12 Illinois Illinois NNP 35419 1773 13 , , , 35419 1773 14 Indiana Indiana NNP 35419 1773 15 and and CC 35419 1773 16 Texas Texas NNP 35419 1773 17 , , , 35419 1773 18 on on IN 35419 1773 19 moist moist JJ 35419 1773 20 banks bank NNS 35419 1773 21 . . . 35419 1774 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1774 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1774 3 : : : 35419 1774 4 Leaf Leaf NNP 35419 1774 5 . . . 35419 1774 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1775 1 CHARACTERISTICS characteristic NNS 35419 1775 2 OF of IN 35419 1775 3 THE the DT 35419 1775 4 TREE tree NN 35419 1775 5 : : : 35419 1775 6 Height Height NNP 35419 1775 7 , , , 35419 1775 8 30'-40 30'-40 NNP 35419 1775 9 ' ' POS 35419 1775 10 , , , 35419 1775 11 sometimes sometimes RB 35419 1775 12 120 120 CD 35419 1775 13 ' ' POS 35419 1775 14 ; ; : 35419 1775 15 diameter diameter NN 35419 1775 16 , , , 35419 1775 17 1'-2 1'-2 NNP 35419 1775 18 ' ' POS 35419 1775 19 , , , 35419 1775 20 rarely rarely RB 35419 1775 21 3'-4 3'-4 NNP 35419 1775 22 ' ' '' 35419 1775 23 ; ; : 35419 1775 24 stout stout RB 35419 1775 25 , , , 35419 1775 26 upright upright RB 35419 1775 27 , , , 35419 1775 28 spreading spread VBG 35419 1775 29 branches branch NNS 35419 1775 30 , , , 35419 1775 31 from from IN 35419 1775 32 common common JJ 35419 1775 33 base base NN 35419 1775 34 ; ; : 35419 1775 35 bark bark NN 35419 1775 36 , , , 35419 1775 37 rough rough JJ 35419 1775 38 and and CC 35419 1775 39 dark dark JJ 35419 1775 40 brown brown JJ 35419 1775 41 or or CC 35419 1775 42 black black JJ 35419 1775 43 , , , 35419 1775 44 often often RB 35419 1775 45 tinged tinge VBD 35419 1775 46 with with IN 35419 1775 47 yellow yellow JJ 35419 1775 48 or or CC 35419 1775 49 brown brown JJ 35419 1775 50 ; ; : 35419 1775 51 leaves leave NNS 35419 1775 52 , , , 35419 1775 53 lanceolate lanceolate NN 35419 1775 54 , , , 35419 1775 55 often often RB 35419 1775 56 scythe scythe NN 35419 1775 57 - - HYPH 35419 1775 58 shaped shaped JJ 35419 1775 59 , , , 35419 1775 60 serrate serrate NN 35419 1775 61 edges edge NNS 35419 1775 62 ; ; : 35419 1775 63 fruit fruit NN 35419 1775 64 , , , 35419 1775 65 a a DT 35419 1775 66 capsule capsule NN 35419 1775 67 containing contain VBG 35419 1775 68 small small JJ 35419 1775 69 , , , 35419 1775 70 hairy hairy JJ 35419 1775 71 seeds seed NNS 35419 1775 72 . . . 35419 1776 1 APPEARANCE APPEARANCE NNP 35419 1776 2 OF of IN 35419 1776 3 WOOD wood NN 35419 1776 4 : : : 35419 1776 5 Color color NN 35419 1776 6 , , , 35419 1776 7 light light JJ 35419 1776 8 reddish reddish JJ 35419 1776 9 brown brown NN 35419 1776 10 , , , 35419 1776 11 sap sap NN 35419 1776 12 - - HYPH 35419 1776 13 wood wood NN 35419 1776 14 , , , 35419 1776 15 thin thin JJ 35419 1776 16 , , , 35419 1776 17 whitish whitish JJ 35419 1776 18 ; ; : 35419 1776 19 diffuse diffuse NN 35419 1776 20 - - HYPH 35419 1776 21 porous porous JJ 35419 1776 22 ; ; : 35419 1776 23 rings ring NNS 35419 1776 24 , , , 35419 1776 25 obscure obscure JJ 35419 1776 26 ; ; : 35419 1776 27 grain grain NN 35419 1776 28 , , , 35419 1776 29 close close JJ 35419 1776 30 and and CC 35419 1776 31 weak weak JJ 35419 1776 32 ; ; : 35419 1776 33 rays ray NNS 35419 1776 34 , , , 35419 1776 35 obscure obscure JJ 35419 1776 36 . . . 35419 1777 1 PHYSICAL physical NN 35419 1777 2 QUALITIES quality NNS 35419 1777 3 : : : 35419 1777 4 Light light NN 35419 1777 5 in in IN 35419 1777 6 weight weight NN 35419 1777 7 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1777 8 51st 51st JJ 35419 1777 9 in in IN 35419 1777 10 this this DT 35419 1777 11 list list NN 35419 1777 12 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1777 13 ; ; : 35419 1777 14 27.77 27.77 CD 35419 1777 15 lbs lbs NN 35419 1777 16 . . . 35419 1778 1 per per IN 35419 1778 2 cu cu NNP 35419 1778 3 . . . 35419 1779 1 ft ft NNP 35419 1779 2 . . NNP 35419 1779 3 ; ; : 35419 1779 4 sp sp NNP 35419 1779 5 . . . 35419 1780 1 gr gr NNP 35419 1780 2 . . . 35419 1781 1 0.4456 0.4456 LS 35419 1781 2 ; ; : 35419 1781 3 weak weak JJ 35419 1781 4 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1781 5 65th 65th NN 35419 1781 6 in in IN 35419 1781 7 this this DT 35419 1781 8 list list NN 35419 1781 9 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1781 10 ; ; : 35419 1781 11 very very RB 35419 1781 12 brittle brittle JJ 35419 1781 13 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1781 14 64th 64th NN 35419 1781 15 in in IN 35419 1781 16 this this DT 35419 1781 17 list list NN 35419 1781 18 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1781 19 ; ; : 35419 1781 20 soft soft JJ 35419 1781 21 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1781 22 46th 46th NN 35419 1781 23 in in IN 35419 1781 24 this this DT 35419 1781 25 list list NN 35419 1781 26 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1781 27 ; ; : 35419 1781 28 shrinks shrink NNS 35419 1781 29 considerably considerably RB 35419 1781 30 ; ; : 35419 1781 31 warps warps NN 35419 1781 32 and and CC 35419 1781 33 checks check NNS 35419 1781 34 badly badly RB 35419 1781 35 ; ; : 35419 1781 36 soft soft JJ 35419 1781 37 , , , 35419 1781 38 weak weak JJ 35419 1781 39 , , , 35419 1781 40 indents indent NNS 35419 1781 41 without without IN 35419 1781 42 breaking break VBG 35419 1781 43 ; ; : 35419 1781 44 splits split VBZ 35419 1781 45 easily easily RB 35419 1781 46 . . . 35419 1782 1 COMMON common JJ 35419 1782 2 USES use NNS 35419 1782 3 : : : 35419 1782 4 Lap lap NN 35419 1782 5 - - HYPH 35419 1782 6 boards board NNS 35419 1782 7 , , , 35419 1782 8 baskets basket NNS 35419 1782 9 , , , 35419 1782 10 water water NN 35419 1782 11 wheels wheel NNS 35419 1782 12 , , , 35419 1782 13 fuel fuel NN 35419 1782 14 and and CC 35419 1782 15 charcoal charcoal NN 35419 1782 16 for for IN 35419 1782 17 gunpowder gunpowder NN 35419 1782 18 . . . 35419 1783 1 REMARKS remarks NN 35419 1783 2 : : : 35419 1783 3 Its -PRON- PRP$ 35419 1783 4 characteristic characteristic NN 35419 1783 5 of of IN 35419 1783 6 indenting indent VBG 35419 1783 7 without without IN 35419 1783 8 breaking breaking NN 35419 1783 9 has have VBZ 35419 1783 10 given give VBN 35419 1783 11 it -PRON- PRP 35419 1783 12 use use NN 35419 1783 13 as as IN 35419 1783 14 lining line VBG 35419 1783 15 for for IN 35419 1783 16 carts cart NNS 35419 1783 17 and and CC 35419 1783 18 as as IN 35419 1783 19 cricket cricket NN 35419 1783 20 bats bat NNS 35419 1783 21 . . . 35419 1784 1 Of of IN 35419 1784 2 the the DT 35419 1784 3 many many JJ 35419 1784 4 willows willow NNS 35419 1784 5 , , , 35419 1784 6 the the DT 35419 1784 7 most most JJS 35419 1784 8 tree tree NN 35419 1784 9 like like UH 35419 1784 10 in in IN 35419 1784 11 proportion proportion NN 35419 1784 12 in in IN 35419 1784 13 eastern eastern JJ 35419 1784 14 North North NNP 35419 1784 15 America America NNP 35419 1784 16 . . . 35419 1785 1 Bark bark NN 35419 1785 2 contains contain VBZ 35419 1785 3 salycylic salycylic JJ 35419 1785 4 acid acid NN 35419 1785 5 . . . 35419 1786 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1786 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1786 3 : : : 35419 1786 4 Radial Radial NNP 35419 1786 5 Section Section NNP 35419 1786 6 , , , 35419 1786 7 life life NN 35419 1786 8 size size NN 35419 1786 9 . . . 35419 1786 10 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1787 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1787 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1787 3 : : : 35419 1787 4 Cross cross NN 35419 1787 5 - - NN 35419 1787 6 section section NNP 35419 1787 7 , , , 35419 1787 8 magnified magnify VBN 35419 1787 9 37 37 CD 35419 1787 10 - - HYPH 35419 1787 11 1/2 1/2 CD 35419 1787 12 diameters diameter NNS 35419 1787 13 . . . 35419 1787 14 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1788 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1788 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1788 3 : : : 35419 1788 4 Tangential Tangential NNP 35419 1788 5 Section Section NNP 35419 1788 6 , , , 35419 1788 7 life life NN 35419 1788 8 size size NN 35419 1788 9 . . . 35419 1788 10 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1789 1 29 29 CD 35419 1789 2 BUTTERNUT BUTTERNUT NNS 35419 1789 3 . . . 35419 1790 1 WHITE WHITE NNP 35419 1790 2 WALNUT WALNUT NNP 35419 1790 3 . . . 35419 1791 1 Butternut Butternut NNP 35419 1791 2 , , , 35419 1791 3 because because IN 35419 1791 4 the the DT 35419 1791 5 nuts nut NNS 35419 1791 6 are be VBP 35419 1791 7 rich rich JJ 35419 1791 8 in in IN 35419 1791 9 oil oil NN 35419 1791 10 . . . 35419 1792 1 _ _ NNP 35419 1792 2 Juglans Juglans NNP 35419 1792 3 cinerea cinerea NN 35419 1792 4 _ _ NNP 35419 1792 5 Linnaeus Linnaeus NNP 35419 1792 6 . . . 35419 1793 1 _ _ NNP 35419 1793 2 Juglans Juglans NNPS 35419 1793 3 _ _ NNP 35419 1793 4 means mean VBZ 35419 1793 5 Jove Jove NNP 35419 1793 6 's 's POS 35419 1793 7 nut nut NN 35419 1793 8 ; ; : 35419 1793 9 _ _ NNP 35419 1793 10 cinerea cinerea NNP 35419 1793 11 _ _ NNP 35419 1793 12 refers refer VBZ 35419 1793 13 to to IN 35419 1793 14 ash ash JJ 35419 1793 15 - - HYPH 35419 1793 16 colored colored JJ 35419 1793 17 bark bark NN 35419 1793 18 . . . 35419 1794 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1794 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1794 3 : : : 35419 1794 4 Habitat Habitat NNP 35419 1794 5 . . . 35419 1794 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1795 1 HABITAT HABITAT NNP 35419 1795 2 : : : 35419 1795 3 : : : 35419 1795 4 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1795 5 See see VB 35419 1795 6 map map NN 35419 1795 7 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1795 8 ; ; : 35419 1795 9 best well RBS 35419 1795 10 in in IN 35419 1795 11 Ohio Ohio NNP 35419 1795 12 basin basin NN 35419 1795 13 . . . 35419 1796 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1796 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1796 3 : : : 35419 1796 4 Leaf Leaf NNP 35419 1796 5 . . . 35419 1796 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1797 1 CHARACTERISTICS characteristic NNS 35419 1797 2 OF of IN 35419 1797 3 THE the DT 35419 1797 4 TREE tree NN 35419 1797 5 : : : 35419 1797 6 Height height NN 35419 1797 7 , , , 35419 1797 8 75'-100 75'-100 CD 35419 1797 9 ' ' POS 35419 1797 10 ; ; : 35419 1797 11 diameter diameter NN 35419 1797 12 , , , 35419 1797 13 2'-4 2'-4 NNP 35419 1797 14 ' ' '' 35419 1797 15 ; ; : 35419 1797 16 branches branch NNS 35419 1797 17 low low JJ 35419 1797 18 , , , 35419 1797 19 broad broad JJ 35419 1797 20 spreading spread VBG 35419 1797 21 deep deep JJ 35419 1797 22 roots root NNS 35419 1797 23 ; ; : 35419 1797 24 bark bark NN 35419 1797 25 , , , 35419 1797 26 grayish grayish NNP 35419 1797 27 brown brown NNP 35419 1797 28 , , , 35419 1797 29 deep deep JJ 35419 1797 30 fissures fissure VBZ 35419 1797 31 broad broad JJ 35419 1797 32 ridges ridge NNS 35419 1797 33 ; ; : 35419 1797 34 leaves leave VBZ 35419 1797 35 15"-30 15"-30 CD 35419 1797 36 " " `` 35419 1797 37 long long JJ 35419 1797 38 , , , 35419 1797 39 compound compound VB 35419 1797 40 11 11 CD 35419 1797 41 to to IN 35419 1797 42 17 17 CD 35419 1797 43 leaflets leaflet NNS 35419 1797 44 , , , 35419 1797 45 hairy hairy JJ 35419 1797 46 and and CC 35419 1797 47 rough rough JJ 35419 1797 48 ; ; : 35419 1797 49 fruit fruit NN 35419 1797 50 , , , 35419 1797 51 oblong oblong NNP 35419 1797 52 , , , 35419 1797 53 pointed point VBD 35419 1797 54 , , , 35419 1797 55 edible edible JJ 35419 1797 56 , , , 35419 1797 57 oily oily JJ 35419 1797 58 nut nut NN 35419 1797 59 . . . 35419 1798 1 APPEARANCE APPEARANCE NNP 35419 1798 2 OF of IN 35419 1798 3 WOOD wood NN 35419 1798 4 : : : 35419 1798 5 Color color NN 35419 1798 6 , , , 35419 1798 7 light light NN 35419 1798 8 brown brown NNP 35419 1798 9 , , , 35419 1798 10 darkening darken VBG 35419 1798 11 with with IN 35419 1798 12 exposure exposure NN 35419 1798 13 , , , 35419 1798 14 sap sap NN 35419 1798 15 - - HYPH 35419 1798 16 wood wood NN 35419 1798 17 whitish whitish NN 35419 1798 18 ; ; : 35419 1798 19 diffuse diffuse NN 35419 1798 20 , , , 35419 1798 21 porous porous JJ 35419 1798 22 ; ; : 35419 1798 23 rings ring NNS 35419 1798 24 , , , 35419 1798 25 not not RB 35419 1798 26 prominent prominent JJ 35419 1798 27 ; ; : 35419 1798 28 grain grain NN 35419 1798 29 , , , 35419 1798 30 fairly fairly RB 35419 1798 31 straight straight JJ 35419 1798 32 , , , 35419 1798 33 coarse coarse JJ 35419 1798 34 , , , 35419 1798 35 takes take VBZ 35419 1798 36 high high JJ 35419 1798 37 polish polish NN 35419 1798 38 ; ; : 35419 1798 39 rays ray NNS 35419 1798 40 , , , 35419 1798 41 distinct distinct JJ 35419 1798 42 , , , 35419 1798 43 thin thin JJ 35419 1798 44 , , , 35419 1798 45 obscure obscure JJ 35419 1798 46 . . . 35419 1799 1 PHYSICAL physical NN 35419 1799 2 QUALITIES quality NNS 35419 1799 3 : : : 35419 1799 4 Light light NN 35419 1799 5 in in IN 35419 1799 6 weight weight NN 35419 1799 7 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1799 8 56th 56th JJ 35419 1799 9 in in IN 35419 1799 10 this this DT 35419 1799 11 list list NN 35419 1799 12 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1799 13 ; ; : 35419 1799 14 25 25 CD 35419 1799 15 lbs lbs NN 35419 1799 16 . . . 35419 1800 1 per per IN 35419 1800 2 cu cu NNP 35419 1800 3 . . . 35419 1801 1 ft ft NNP 35419 1801 2 . . NNP 35419 1801 3 ; ; : 35419 1801 4 sp sp NNP 35419 1801 5 . . . 35419 1802 1 gr gr NNP 35419 1802 2 . . . 35419 1803 1 0.4086 0.4086 CD 35419 1803 2 ; ; : 35419 1803 3 weak weak JJ 35419 1803 4 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1803 5 57th 57th JJ 35419 1803 6 in in IN 35419 1803 7 this this DT 35419 1803 8 list list NN 35419 1803 9 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1803 10 ; ; : 35419 1803 11 elasticity elasticity NN 35419 1803 12 , , , 35419 1803 13 medium medium NN 35419 1803 14 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1803 15 52d 52d NNS 35419 1803 16 in in IN 35419 1803 17 this this DT 35419 1803 18 list list NN 35419 1803 19 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1803 20 ; ; : 35419 1803 21 soft soft JJ 35419 1803 22 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1803 23 47th 47th JJ 35419 1803 24 in in IN 35419 1803 25 this this DT 35419 1803 26 list list NN 35419 1803 27 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1803 28 ; ; : 35419 1803 29 shrinkage shrinkage NN 35419 1803 30 ....... ....... NFP 35419 1803 31 per per IN 35419 1803 32 cent cent NN 35419 1803 33 . . . 35419 1804 1 ; ; : 35419 1804 2 warps warps NNP 35419 1804 3 little little JJ 35419 1804 4 ; ; : 35419 1804 5 durable durable JJ 35419 1804 6 ; ; : 35419 1804 7 easy easy JJ 35419 1804 8 to to TO 35419 1804 9 work work VB 35419 1804 10 ; ; : 35419 1804 11 splits split VBZ 35419 1804 12 easily easily RB 35419 1804 13 . . . 35419 1805 1 COMMON common JJ 35419 1805 2 USES use NNS 35419 1805 3 : : : 35419 1805 4 Cabinet cabinet NN 35419 1805 5 work work NN 35419 1805 6 , , , 35419 1805 7 inside inside IN 35419 1805 8 trim trim NN 35419 1805 9 . . . 35419 1806 1 REMARKS remarks NN 35419 1806 2 : : : 35419 1806 3 Green green JJ 35419 1806 4 husks husk NNS 35419 1806 5 of of IN 35419 1806 6 fruit fruit NN 35419 1806 7 give give VBP 35419 1806 8 yellow yellow JJ 35419 1806 9 dye dye NN 35419 1806 10 . . . 35419 1807 1 Sugar Sugar NNP 35419 1807 2 made make VBD 35419 1807 3 from from IN 35419 1807 4 sap sap NN 35419 1807 5 . . . 35419 1808 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1808 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1808 3 : : : 35419 1808 4 Radial Radial NNP 35419 1808 5 Section Section NNP 35419 1808 6 , , , 35419 1808 7 life life NN 35419 1808 8 size size NN 35419 1808 9 . . . 35419 1808 10 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1809 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1809 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1809 3 : : : 35419 1809 4 Cross cross NN 35419 1809 5 - - NN 35419 1809 6 section section NNP 35419 1809 7 , , , 35419 1809 8 magnified magnify VBN 35419 1809 9 37 37 CD 35419 1809 10 - - HYPH 35419 1809 11 1/2 1/2 CD 35419 1809 12 diameters diameter NNS 35419 1809 13 . . . 35419 1809 14 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1810 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1810 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1810 3 : : : 35419 1810 4 Tangential Tangential NNP 35419 1810 5 Section Section NNP 35419 1810 6 , , , 35419 1810 7 life life NN 35419 1810 8 size size NN 35419 1810 9 . . . 35419 1810 10 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1811 1 30 30 CD 35419 1811 2 BLACK black NN 35419 1811 3 WALNUT WALNUT NNP 35419 1811 4 . . . 35419 1812 1 _ _ NNP 35419 1812 2 Juglans Juglans NNP 35419 1812 3 nigra nigra NN 35419 1812 4 _ _ NNP 35419 1812 5 Linnaeus Linnaeus NNP 35419 1812 6 . . . 35419 1813 1 _ _ NNP 35419 1813 2 Juglans Juglans NNPS 35419 1813 3 _ _ NNP 35419 1813 4 means mean VBZ 35419 1813 5 Jove Jove NNP 35419 1813 6 's 's POS 35419 1813 7 nut nut NN 35419 1813 8 ; ; : 35419 1813 9 _ _ NNP 35419 1813 10 nigra nigra NN 35419 1813 11 _ _ NNP 35419 1813 12 refers refer VBZ 35419 1813 13 to to IN 35419 1813 14 the the DT 35419 1813 15 dark dark JJ 35419 1813 16 wood wood NN 35419 1813 17 . . . 35419 1814 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1814 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1814 3 : : : 35419 1814 4 Habitat Habitat NNP 35419 1814 5 . . . 35419 1814 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1815 1 HABITAT HABITAT NNP 35419 1815 2 : : : 35419 1815 3 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1815 4 See see VB 35419 1815 5 map map NN 35419 1815 6 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1815 7 ; ; : 35419 1815 8 best well RBS 35419 1815 9 in in IN 35419 1815 10 western western JJ 35419 1815 11 North North NNP 35419 1815 12 Carolina Carolina NNP 35419 1815 13 and and CC 35419 1815 14 Tennessee Tennessee NNP 35419 1815 15 . . . 35419 1816 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1816 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1816 3 : : : 35419 1816 4 Leaf Leaf NNP 35419 1816 5 . . . 35419 1816 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1817 1 CHARACTERISTICS characteristic NNS 35419 1817 2 OF of IN 35419 1817 3 THE the DT 35419 1817 4 TREE tree NN 35419 1817 5 : : : 35419 1817 6 Height Height NNP 35419 1817 7 , , , 35419 1817 8 90'-120 90'-120 CD 35419 1817 9 ' ' '' 35419 1817 10 , , , 35419 1817 11 even even RB 35419 1817 12 150 150 CD 35419 1817 13 ' ' POS 35419 1817 14 ; ; : 35419 1817 15 diameter diameter NN 35419 1817 16 , , , 35419 1817 17 3 3 CD 35419 1817 18 ' ' '' 35419 1817 19 to to IN 35419 1817 20 even even RB 35419 1817 21 8 8 CD 35419 1817 22 ' ' '' 35419 1817 23 ; ; : 35419 1817 24 clean clean JJ 35419 1817 25 of of IN 35419 1817 26 branches branch NNS 35419 1817 27 for for IN 35419 1817 28 50 50 CD 35419 1817 29 ' ' CD 35419 1817 30 to to IN 35419 1817 31 60 60 CD 35419 1817 32 ' ' POS 35419 1817 33 ; ; : 35419 1817 34 bark bark NN 35419 1817 35 , , , 35419 1817 36 brownish brownish NNP 35419 1817 37 , , , 35419 1817 38 almost almost RB 35419 1817 39 black black JJ 35419 1817 40 , , , 35419 1817 41 deep deep JJ 35419 1817 42 fissures fissure NNS 35419 1817 43 , , , 35419 1817 44 and and CC 35419 1817 45 broad broad RB 35419 1817 46 , , , 35419 1817 47 rounded rounded JJ 35419 1817 48 ridges ridge NNS 35419 1817 49 ; ; , 35419 1817 50 leaves leave NNS 35419 1817 51 , , , 35419 1817 52 1'-2 1'-2 NNP 35419 1817 53 ' ' POS 35419 1817 54 long long JJ 35419 1817 55 , , , 35419 1817 56 compound compound NN 35419 1817 57 pinnate pinnate NN 35419 1817 58 , , , 35419 1817 59 15 15 CD 35419 1817 60 to to TO 35419 1817 61 23 23 CD 35419 1817 62 leaflets leaflet NNS 35419 1817 63 , , , 35419 1817 64 fall fall VB 35419 1817 65 early early RB 35419 1817 66 ; ; : 35419 1817 67 fruit fruit NN 35419 1817 68 , , , 35419 1817 69 nut nut NNP 35419 1817 70 , , , 35419 1817 71 with with IN 35419 1817 72 adherent adherent JJ 35419 1817 73 husk husk NN 35419 1817 74 , , , 35419 1817 75 and and CC 35419 1817 76 edible edible JJ 35419 1817 77 kernel kernel NN 35419 1817 78 . . . 35419 1818 1 APPEARANCE APPEARANCE NNP 35419 1818 2 OF of IN 35419 1818 3 WOOD wood NN 35419 1818 4 : : : 35419 1818 5 Color color NN 35419 1818 6 , , , 35419 1818 7 chocolate chocolate NN 35419 1818 8 brown brown NN 35419 1818 9 , , , 35419 1818 10 sap sap NN 35419 1818 11 - - HYPH 35419 1818 12 wood wood NN 35419 1818 13 much much RB 35419 1818 14 lighter light JJR 35419 1818 15 ; ; : 35419 1818 16 diffuse diffuse NN 35419 1818 17 - - HYPH 35419 1818 18 porous porous JJ 35419 1818 19 ; ; : 35419 1818 20 rings ring NNS 35419 1818 21 , , , 35419 1818 22 marked mark VBN 35419 1818 23 by by IN 35419 1818 24 slightly slightly RB 35419 1818 25 larger large JJR 35419 1818 26 pores pore NNS 35419 1818 27 ; ; : 35419 1818 28 grain grain NN 35419 1818 29 , , , 35419 1818 30 straight straight JJ 35419 1818 31 ; ; : 35419 1818 32 rays ray NNS 35419 1818 33 , , , 35419 1818 34 numerous numerous JJ 35419 1818 35 , , , 35419 1818 36 thin thin JJ 35419 1818 37 , , , 35419 1818 38 not not RB 35419 1818 39 conspicuous conspicuous JJ 35419 1818 40 . . . 35419 1819 1 PHYSICAL physical NN 35419 1819 2 QUALITIES quality NNS 35419 1819 3 : : : 35419 1819 4 Weight weight NN 35419 1819 5 , , , 35419 1819 6 medium medium NN 35419 1819 7 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1819 8 31st 31st NN 35419 1819 9 in in IN 35419 1819 10 this this DT 35419 1819 11 list list NN 35419 1819 12 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1819 13 ; ; : 35419 1819 14 38 38 CD 35419 1819 15 lbs lbs NN 35419 1819 16 . . . 35419 1820 1 per per IN 35419 1820 2 cu cu NNP 35419 1820 3 . . . 35419 1821 1 ft ft NNP 35419 1821 2 . . NNP 35419 1821 3 ; ; : 35419 1821 4 sp sp NNP 35419 1821 5 . . . 35419 1822 1 gr gr NNP 35419 1822 2 . . . 35419 1823 1 0.6115 0.6115 LS 35419 1823 2 ; ; : 35419 1823 3 strong strong JJ 35419 1823 4 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1823 5 32d 32d NNS 35419 1823 6 in in IN 35419 1823 7 this this DT 35419 1823 8 list list NN 35419 1823 9 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1823 10 ; ; , 35419 1823 11 elastic elastic JJ 35419 1823 12 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1823 13 23d 23d NNS 35419 1823 14 in in IN 35419 1823 15 this this DT 35419 1823 16 list list NN 35419 1823 17 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1823 18 ; ; : 35419 1823 19 hard hard JJ 35419 1823 20 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1823 21 21st 21st NN 35419 1823 22 in in IN 35419 1823 23 this this DT 35419 1823 24 list list NN 35419 1823 25 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1823 26 ; ; : 35419 1823 27 shrinkage shrinkage NN 35419 1823 28 , , , 35419 1823 29 5 5 CD 35419 1823 30 per per NN 35419 1823 31 cent cent NN 35419 1823 32 . . . 35419 1824 1 ; ; : 35419 1824 2 warps warps NNP 35419 1824 3 little little JJ 35419 1824 4 ; ; : 35419 1824 5 very very RB 35419 1824 6 durable durable JJ 35419 1824 7 ; ; : 35419 1824 8 easy easy JJ 35419 1824 9 to to TO 35419 1824 10 work work VB 35419 1824 11 ; ; : 35419 1824 12 splits split NNS 35419 1824 13 with with IN 35419 1824 14 some some DT 35419 1824 15 difficulty difficulty NN 35419 1824 16 , , , 35419 1824 17 takes take VBZ 35419 1824 18 and and CC 35419 1824 19 holds hold VBZ 35419 1824 20 nails nail NNS 35419 1824 21 well well RB 35419 1824 22 . . . 35419 1825 1 COMMON common JJ 35419 1825 2 USES use NNS 35419 1825 3 : : : 35419 1825 4 Gun gun NN 35419 1825 5 stocks stock NNS 35419 1825 6 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1825 7 since since IN 35419 1825 8 17th 17th JJ 35419 1825 9 century century NN 35419 1825 10 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1825 11 , , , 35419 1825 12 veneers veneer NNS 35419 1825 13 , , , 35419 1825 14 cabinet cabinet NN 35419 1825 15 making making NN 35419 1825 16 . . . 35419 1826 1 REMARKS remarks NN 35419 1826 2 : : : 35419 1826 3 Formerly formerly RB 35419 1826 4 much much RB 35419 1826 5 used use VBN 35419 1826 6 for for IN 35419 1826 7 furniture furniture NN 35419 1826 8 , , , 35419 1826 9 now now RB 35419 1826 10 scarce scarce JJ 35419 1826 11 . . . 35419 1827 1 Plentiful plentiful JJ 35419 1827 2 in in IN 35419 1827 3 California California NNP 35419 1827 4 . . . 35419 1828 1 Most Most JJS 35419 1828 2 valuable valuable JJ 35419 1828 3 wood wood NN 35419 1828 4 of of IN 35419 1828 5 North north JJ 35419 1828 6 American american JJ 35419 1828 7 forests forest NNS 35419 1828 8 . . . 35419 1829 1 Wood wood NN 35419 1829 2 superior superior JJ 35419 1829 3 to to IN 35419 1829 4 European european JJ 35419 1829 5 variety variety NN 35419 1829 6 . . . 35419 1830 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1830 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1830 3 : : : 35419 1830 4 Radial Radial NNP 35419 1830 5 Section Section NNP 35419 1830 6 , , , 35419 1830 7 life life NN 35419 1830 8 size size NN 35419 1830 9 . . . 35419 1830 10 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1831 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1831 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1831 3 : : : 35419 1831 4 Cross cross NN 35419 1831 5 - - NN 35419 1831 6 section section NNP 35419 1831 7 , , , 35419 1831 8 magnified magnify VBN 35419 1831 9 37 37 CD 35419 1831 10 - - HYPH 35419 1831 11 1/2 1/2 CD 35419 1831 12 diameters diameter NNS 35419 1831 13 . . . 35419 1831 14 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1832 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1832 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1832 3 : : : 35419 1832 4 Tangential Tangential NNP 35419 1832 5 Section Section NNP 35419 1832 6 , , , 35419 1832 7 life life NN 35419 1832 8 size size NN 35419 1832 9 . . . 35419 1832 10 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1833 1 31 31 CD 35419 1833 2 MOCKERNUT MOCKERNUT NNS 35419 1833 3 . . . 35419 1834 1 BLACK BLACK NNP 35419 1834 2 HICKORY HICKORY NNP 35419 1834 3 . . . 35419 1835 1 BULL BULL NNP 35419 1835 2 - - HYPH 35419 1835 3 NUT NUT NNP 35419 1835 4 . . . 35419 1836 1 BIG BIG NNP 35419 1836 2 - - HYPH 35419 1836 3 BUD BUD NNP 35419 1836 4 HICKORY HICKORY NNP 35419 1836 5 . . . 35419 1837 1 WHITE white JJ 35419 1837 2 - - HYPH 35419 1837 3 HEART HEART NNP 35419 1837 4 HICKORY HICKORY NNP 35419 1837 5 . . . 35419 1838 1 KING KING NNP 35419 1838 2 NUT NUT NNP 35419 1838 3 . . . 35419 1839 1 Mockernut Mockernut NNP 35419 1839 2 refers refer VBZ 35419 1839 3 to to IN 35419 1839 4 disappointing disappointing JJ 35419 1839 5 character character NN 35419 1839 6 of of IN 35419 1839 7 nuts nut NNS 35419 1839 8 . . . 35419 1840 1 _ _ NNP 35419 1840 2 Hicoria Hicoria NNP 35419 1840 3 alba alba VBZ 35419 1840 4 _ _ NNP 35419 1840 5 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1840 6 Linnaeus Linnaeus NNP 35419 1840 7 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1840 8 Britton Britton NNP 35419 1840 9 . . . 35419 1841 1 _ _ NNP 35419 1841 2 Carya Carya NNP 35419 1841 3 tomentosa tomentosa NN 35419 1841 4 _ _ NNP 35419 1841 5 Nuttall Nuttall NNP 35419 1841 6 . . . 35419 1842 1 _ _ NNP 35419 1842 2 Hicoria Hicoria NNP 35419 1842 3 _ _ NNP 35419 1842 4 , , , 35419 1842 5 shortened shorten VBN 35419 1842 6 and and CC 35419 1842 7 latinized latinize VBN 35419 1842 8 from from IN 35419 1842 9 _ _ NNP 35419 1842 10 Pawcohicora Pawcohicora NNP 35419 1842 11 _ _ NNP 35419 1842 12 , , , 35419 1842 13 the the DT 35419 1842 14 Indian indian JJ 35419 1842 15 name name NN 35419 1842 16 for for IN 35419 1842 17 the the DT 35419 1842 18 liquor liquor NN 35419 1842 19 obtained obtain VBN 35419 1842 20 from from IN 35419 1842 21 the the DT 35419 1842 22 kernels kernel NNS 35419 1842 23 ; ; : 35419 1842 24 _ _ NNP 35419 1842 25 alba alba VBZ 35419 1842 26 _ _ NNP 35419 1842 27 refers refer VBZ 35419 1842 28 to to IN 35419 1842 29 the the DT 35419 1842 30 white white JJ 35419 1842 31 wood wood NN 35419 1842 32 , , , 35419 1842 33 _ _ NNP 35419 1842 34 carya carya NN 35419 1842 35 _ _ NNP 35419 1842 36 , , , 35419 1842 37 the the DT 35419 1842 38 Greek greek JJ 35419 1842 39 name name NN 35419 1842 40 for for IN 35419 1842 41 walnut walnut NNP 35419 1842 42 ; ; : 35419 1842 43 _ _ NNP 35419 1842 44 tomentosa tomentosa NNP 35419 1842 45 _ _ NNP 35419 1842 46 refers refer VBZ 35419 1842 47 to to IN 35419 1842 48 hairy hairy VB 35419 1842 49 under under IN 35419 1842 50 surface surface NN 35419 1842 51 of of IN 35419 1842 52 leaf leaf NN 35419 1842 53 . . . 35419 1843 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1843 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1843 3 : : : 35419 1843 4 Habitat Habitat NNP 35419 1843 5 . . . 35419 1843 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1844 1 HABITAT HABITAT NNP 35419 1844 2 : : : 35419 1844 3 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1844 4 See see VB 35419 1844 5 map map NN 35419 1844 6 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1844 7 ; ; : 35419 1844 8 best well RBS 35419 1844 9 in in IN 35419 1844 10 lower low JJR 35419 1844 11 Ohio Ohio NNP 35419 1844 12 valley valley NN 35419 1844 13 , , , 35419 1844 14 Missouri Missouri NNP 35419 1844 15 and and CC 35419 1844 16 Arkansas Arkansas NNP 35419 1844 17 . . . 35419 1845 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1845 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1845 3 : : : 35419 1845 4 Leaf Leaf NNP 35419 1845 5 . . . 35419 1845 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1846 1 CHARACTERISTICS characteristic NNS 35419 1846 2 OF of IN 35419 1846 3 THE the DT 35419 1846 4 TREE tree NN 35419 1846 5 : : : 35419 1846 6 Height height NN 35419 1846 7 , , , 35419 1846 8 75 75 CD 35419 1846 9 ' ' '' 35419 1846 10 , , , 35419 1846 11 rarely rarely RB 35419 1846 12 100 100 CD 35419 1846 13 ' ' POS 35419 1846 14 ; ; : 35419 1846 15 diameter diameter NN 35419 1846 16 , , , 35419 1846 17 2'-3 2'-3 CD 35419 1846 18 ' ' '' 35419 1846 19 ; ; : 35419 1846 20 rises rise VBZ 35419 1846 21 high high RB 35419 1846 22 in in IN 35419 1846 23 forest forest NN 35419 1846 24 ; ; : 35419 1846 25 bark bark NN 35419 1846 26 , , , 35419 1846 27 dark dark JJ 35419 1846 28 gray gray JJ 35419 1846 29 , , , 35419 1846 30 shallow shallow JJ 35419 1846 31 , , , 35419 1846 32 irregular irregular JJ 35419 1846 33 interrupted interrupt VBN 35419 1846 34 fissures fissure NNS 35419 1846 35 , , , 35419 1846 36 rough rough JJ 35419 1846 37 but but CC 35419 1846 38 not not RB 35419 1846 39 shaggy shaggy JJ 35419 1846 40 in in IN 35419 1846 41 old old JJ 35419 1846 42 trees tree NNS 35419 1846 43 ; ; : 35419 1846 44 leaves leave NNS 35419 1846 45 , , , 35419 1846 46 8"-12 8"-12 NNP 35419 1846 47 " " `` 35419 1846 48 long long JJ 35419 1846 49 , , , 35419 1846 50 compound compound NN 35419 1846 51 , , , 35419 1846 52 7 7 CD 35419 1846 53 - - SYM 35419 1846 54 9 9 CD 35419 1846 55 leaflets leaflet NNS 35419 1846 56 , , , 35419 1846 57 fragrant fragrant JJ 35419 1846 58 when when WRB 35419 1846 59 crushed crush VBN 35419 1846 60 ; ; : 35419 1846 61 fruit fruit NN 35419 1846 62 , , , 35419 1846 63 spherical spherical JJ 35419 1846 64 nut nut NNP 35419 1846 65 , , , 35419 1846 66 thick thick JJ 35419 1846 67 shell shell NN 35419 1846 68 , , , 35419 1846 69 edible edible JJ 35419 1846 70 kernel kernel NN 35419 1846 71 . . . 35419 1847 1 APPEARANCE APPEARANCE NNP 35419 1847 2 OF of IN 35419 1847 3 WOOD wood NN 35419 1847 4 : : : 35419 1847 5 Color color NN 35419 1847 6 , , , 35419 1847 7 dark dark JJ 35419 1847 8 brown brown NN 35419 1847 9 , , , 35419 1847 10 sap sap NN 35419 1847 11 - - HYPH 35419 1847 12 wood wood NN 35419 1847 13 nearly nearly RB 35419 1847 14 white white JJ 35419 1847 15 ; ; : 35419 1847 16 ring re VBG 35419 1847 17 - - HYPH 35419 1847 18 porous porous JJ 35419 1847 19 ; ; : 35419 1847 20 rings ring NNS 35419 1847 21 , , , 35419 1847 22 marked mark VBN 35419 1847 23 by by IN 35419 1847 24 few few JJ 35419 1847 25 large large JJ 35419 1847 26 regularly regularly RB 35419 1847 27 distributed distribute VBN 35419 1847 28 open open JJ 35419 1847 29 ducts duct NNS 35419 1847 30 ; ; : 35419 1847 31 grain grain NN 35419 1847 32 , , , 35419 1847 33 usually usually RB 35419 1847 34 straight straight JJ 35419 1847 35 , , , 35419 1847 36 close close JJ 35419 1847 37 ; ; : 35419 1847 38 rays ray NNS 35419 1847 39 , , , 35419 1847 40 numerous numerous JJ 35419 1847 41 , , , 35419 1847 42 thin thin JJ 35419 1847 43 , , , 35419 1847 44 obscure obscure JJ 35419 1847 45 . . . 35419 1848 1 PHYSICAL PHYSICAL NNP 35419 1848 2 QUALITIES QUALITIES NNP 35419 1848 3 : : : 35419 1848 4 Very very RB 35419 1848 5 heavy heavy JJ 35419 1848 6 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1848 7 3d 3d NN 35419 1848 8 in in IN 35419 1848 9 this this DT 35419 1848 10 list list NN 35419 1848 11 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1848 12 ; ; : 35419 1848 13 53 53 CD 35419 1848 14 lbs lbs NN 35419 1848 15 . . . 35419 1849 1 per per IN 35419 1849 2 cu cu NNP 35419 1849 3 . . . 35419 1850 1 ft ft NNP 35419 1850 2 . . NNP 35419 1850 3 ; ; : 35419 1850 4 sp sp NNP 35419 1850 5 . . . 35419 1851 1 gr gr NNP 35419 1851 2 . . NNP 35419 1851 3 , , , 35419 1851 4 0.8218 0.8218 NNP 35419 1851 5 ; ; : 35419 1851 6 very very RB 35419 1851 7 strong strong JJ 35419 1851 8 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1851 9 11th 11th RB 35419 1851 10 in in IN 35419 1851 11 this this DT 35419 1851 12 list list NN 35419 1851 13 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1851 14 ; ; : 35419 1851 15 very very RB 35419 1851 16 elastic elastic JJ 35419 1851 17 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1851 18 14th 14th JJ 35419 1851 19 in in IN 35419 1851 20 this this DT 35419 1851 21 list list NN 35419 1851 22 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1851 23 ; ; : 35419 1851 24 very very RB 35419 1851 25 hard hard RB 35419 1851 26 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1851 27 3d 3d NN 35419 1851 28 in in IN 35419 1851 29 this this DT 35419 1851 30 list list NN 35419 1851 31 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1851 32 ; ; : 35419 1851 33 shrinkage shrinkage NN 35419 1851 34 , , , 35419 1851 35 10 10 CD 35419 1851 36 per per NN 35419 1851 37 cent cent NN 35419 1851 38 . . . 35419 1852 1 ; ; : 35419 1852 2 warps warps NNP 35419 1852 3 .......... .......... NFP 35419 1852 4 ; ; : 35419 1852 5 not not RB 35419 1852 6 durable durable JJ 35419 1852 7 ; ; : 35419 1852 8 very very RB 35419 1852 9 hard hard RB 35419 1852 10 to to TO 35419 1852 11 work work VB 35419 1852 12 ; ; : 35419 1852 13 splits split NNS 35419 1852 14 with with IN 35419 1852 15 great great JJ 35419 1852 16 difficulty difficulty NN 35419 1852 17 , , , 35419 1852 18 almost almost RB 35419 1852 19 impossible impossible JJ 35419 1852 20 to to TO 35419 1852 21 nail nail VB 35419 1852 22 . . . 35419 1853 1 COMMON common JJ 35419 1853 2 USES use NNS 35419 1853 3 : : : 35419 1853 4 Wheels wheel NNS 35419 1853 5 , , , 35419 1853 6 runners runner NNS 35419 1853 7 , , , 35419 1853 8 tool tool NN 35419 1853 9 and and CC 35419 1853 10 axe axe NN 35419 1853 11 handles handle NNS 35419 1853 12 , , , 35419 1853 13 agricultural agricultural JJ 35419 1853 14 implements implement NNS 35419 1853 15 . . . 35419 1854 1 REMARKS remarks NN 35419 1854 2 : : : 35419 1854 3 Confounded confound VBD 35419 1854 4 commercially commercially RB 35419 1854 5 with with IN 35419 1854 6 shellbark shellbark NNP 35419 1854 7 hickory hickory NN 35419 1854 8 . . . 35419 1855 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1855 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1855 3 : : : 35419 1855 4 Radial Radial NNP 35419 1855 5 Section Section NNP 35419 1855 6 , , , 35419 1855 7 life life NN 35419 1855 8 size size NN 35419 1855 9 . . . 35419 1855 10 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1856 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1856 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1856 3 : : : 35419 1856 4 Cross cross NN 35419 1856 5 - - NN 35419 1856 6 section section NNP 35419 1856 7 , , , 35419 1856 8 magnified magnify VBN 35419 1856 9 37 37 CD 35419 1856 10 - - HYPH 35419 1856 11 1/2 1/2 CD 35419 1856 12 diameters diameter NNS 35419 1856 13 . . . 35419 1856 14 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1857 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1857 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1857 3 : : : 35419 1857 4 Tangential Tangential NNP 35419 1857 5 Section Section NNP 35419 1857 6 , , , 35419 1857 7 life life NN 35419 1857 8 size size NN 35419 1857 9 . . . 35419 1857 10 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1858 1 32 32 CD 35419 1858 2 SHELLBARK SHELLBARK NNP 35419 1858 3 HICKORY HICKORY NNP 35419 1858 4 . . . 35419 1859 1 SHAGBARK SHAGBARK NNP 35419 1859 2 HICKORY HICKORY NNP 35419 1859 3 . . . 35419 1860 1 _ _ NNP 35419 1860 2 Hicoria Hicoria NNP 35419 1860 3 ovata ovata NN 35419 1860 4 _ _ NNP 35419 1860 5 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1860 6 Millar Millar NNP 35419 1860 7 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1860 8 Britton Britton NNP 35419 1860 9 . . . 35419 1861 1 _ _ NNP 35419 1861 2 Carya Carya NNP 35419 1861 3 alba alba VBZ 35419 1861 4 _ _ NNP 35419 1861 5 Nuttall Nuttall NNP 35419 1861 6 . . . 35419 1862 1 _ _ NNP 35419 1862 2 Hickory Hickory NNP 35419 1862 3 _ _ NNP 35419 1862 4 is be VBZ 35419 1862 5 shortened shorten VBN 35419 1862 6 and and CC 35419 1862 7 latinized latinize VBN 35419 1862 8 from from IN 35419 1862 9 _ _ NNP 35419 1862 10 Pawcohicora Pawcohicora NNP 35419 1862 11 _ _ NNP 35419 1862 12 , , , 35419 1862 13 the the DT 35419 1862 14 Indian indian JJ 35419 1862 15 name name NN 35419 1862 16 for for IN 35419 1862 17 the the DT 35419 1862 18 liquor liquor NN 35419 1862 19 obtained obtain VBN 35419 1862 20 from from IN 35419 1862 21 the the DT 35419 1862 22 kernels kernel NNS 35419 1862 23 ; ; : 35419 1862 24 _ _ NNP 35419 1862 25 ovata ovata NNP 35419 1862 26 _ _ NNP 35419 1862 27 refers refer VBZ 35419 1862 28 to to IN 35419 1862 29 oval oval NNP 35419 1862 30 nut nut NNP 35419 1862 31 ; ; : 35419 1862 32 _ _ NNP 35419 1862 33 carya carya NN 35419 1862 34 _ _ NNP 35419 1862 35 , , , 35419 1862 36 the the DT 35419 1862 37 Greek greek JJ 35419 1862 38 name name NN 35419 1862 39 for for IN 35419 1862 40 walnut walnut NNP 35419 1862 41 . . . 35419 1863 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1863 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1863 3 : : : 35419 1863 4 Habitat Habitat NNP 35419 1863 5 . . . 35419 1863 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1864 1 HABITAT HABITAT NNP 35419 1864 2 : : : 35419 1864 3 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1864 4 See see VB 35419 1864 5 map map NN 35419 1864 6 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1864 7 ; ; : 35419 1864 8 best well RBS 35419 1864 9 in in IN 35419 1864 10 lower low JJR 35419 1864 11 Ohio Ohio NNP 35419 1864 12 valley valley NN 35419 1864 13 . . . 35419 1865 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1865 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1865 3 : : : 35419 1865 4 Leaf Leaf NNP 35419 1865 5 . . . 35419 1865 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1866 1 CHARACTERISTICS characteristic NNS 35419 1866 2 OF of IN 35419 1866 3 THE the DT 35419 1866 4 TREE tree NN 35419 1866 5 : : : 35419 1866 6 Height Height NNP 35419 1866 7 , , , 35419 1866 8 70'-90 70'-90 NNP 35419 1866 9 ' ' '' 35419 1866 10 and and CC 35419 1866 11 even even RB 35419 1866 12 120 120 CD 35419 1866 13 ' ' POS 35419 1866 14 ; ; : 35419 1866 15 diameter diameter NN 35419 1866 16 , , , 35419 1866 17 2'-3 2'-3 CD 35419 1866 18 ' ' '' 35419 1866 19 , , , 35419 1866 20 even even RB 35419 1866 21 4 4 CD 35419 1866 22 ' ' POS 35419 1866 23 ; ; : 35419 1866 24 straight straight JJ 35419 1866 25 , , , 35419 1866 26 columnar columnar JJ 35419 1866 27 trunk trunk NN 35419 1866 28 ; ; : 35419 1866 29 bark bark NN 35419 1866 30 , , , 35419 1866 31 dark dark JJ 35419 1866 32 gray gray NN 35419 1866 33 , , , 35419 1866 34 separates separate VBZ 35419 1866 35 into into IN 35419 1866 36 long long JJ 35419 1866 37 , , , 35419 1866 38 hard hard JJ 35419 1866 39 , , , 35419 1866 40 plate plate NN 35419 1866 41 - - HYPH 35419 1866 42 like like JJ 35419 1866 43 strips strip NNS 35419 1866 44 , , , 35419 1866 45 which which WDT 35419 1866 46 cling cling VBP 35419 1866 47 to to IN 35419 1866 48 tree tree NN 35419 1866 49 by by IN 35419 1866 50 middle middle NNP 35419 1866 51 , , , 35419 1866 52 on on IN 35419 1866 53 young young JJ 35419 1866 54 trees tree NNS 35419 1866 55 very very RB 35419 1866 56 smooth smooth JJ 35419 1866 57 and and CC 35419 1866 58 close close JJ 35419 1866 59 ; ; : 35419 1866 60 leaves leave NNS 35419 1866 61 , , , 35419 1866 62 8"-20 8"-20 CD 35419 1866 63 " " `` 35419 1866 64 long long JJ 35419 1866 65 , , , 35419 1866 66 compound compound VB 35419 1866 67 5 5 CD 35419 1866 68 or or CC 35419 1866 69 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1866 70 7 7 LS 35419 1866 71 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1866 72 leaflets leaflet NNS 35419 1866 73 ; ; , 35419 1866 74 nuts nut NNS 35419 1866 75 , , , 35419 1866 76 globular globular JJ 35419 1866 77 , , , 35419 1866 78 husk husk NN 35419 1866 79 , , , 35419 1866 80 four four CD 35419 1866 81 - - HYPH 35419 1866 82 valved valved NN 35419 1866 83 , , , 35419 1866 84 split split VBD 35419 1866 85 easily easily RB 35419 1866 86 , , , 35419 1866 87 thin thin JJ 35419 1866 88 - - HYPH 35419 1866 89 shelled shelled JJ 35419 1866 90 , , , 35419 1866 91 edible edible JJ 35419 1866 92 . . . 35419 1867 1 APPEARANCE APPEARANCE NNP 35419 1867 2 OF of IN 35419 1867 3 WOOD wood NN 35419 1867 4 : : : 35419 1867 5 Color color NN 35419 1867 6 , , , 35419 1867 7 reddish reddish JJ 35419 1867 8 brown brown NN 35419 1867 9 , , , 35419 1867 10 sap sap NN 35419 1867 11 - - HYPH 35419 1867 12 wood wood NN 35419 1867 13 whitish whitish NN 35419 1867 14 ; ; : 35419 1867 15 ring ring NN 35419 1867 16 - - HYPH 35419 1867 17 porous porous JJ 35419 1867 18 ; ; : 35419 1867 19 rings ring NNS 35419 1867 20 , , , 35419 1867 21 clearly clearly RB 35419 1867 22 marked mark VBN 35419 1867 23 ; ; : 35419 1867 24 grain grain NN 35419 1867 25 , , , 35419 1867 26 straight straight JJ 35419 1867 27 ; ; : 35419 1867 28 rays ray NNS 35419 1867 29 , , , 35419 1867 30 numerous numerous JJ 35419 1867 31 , , , 35419 1867 32 thin thin JJ 35419 1867 33 . . . 35419 1868 1 PHYSICAL PHYSICAL NNP 35419 1868 2 QUALITIES quality NNS 35419 1868 3 : : : 35419 1868 4 Very very RB 35419 1868 5 Heavy heavy JJ 35419 1868 6 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1868 7 1st 1st NN 35419 1868 8 in in IN 35419 1868 9 this this DT 35419 1868 10 list list NN 35419 1868 11 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1868 12 ; ; : 35419 1868 13 51 51 CD 35419 1868 14 lbs lbs NN 35419 1868 15 . . . 35419 1869 1 per per IN 35419 1869 2 cu cu NNP 35419 1869 3 . . . 35419 1870 1 ft ft NNP 35419 1870 2 . . NNP 35419 1870 3 ; ; : 35419 1870 4 sp sp NNP 35419 1870 5 . . . 35419 1871 1 gr gr NNP 35419 1871 2 . . NNP 35419 1871 3 , , , 35419 1871 4 0.8372 0.8372 CD 35419 1871 5 ; ; : 35419 1871 6 very very RB 35419 1871 7 strong strong JJ 35419 1871 8 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1871 9 5th 5th NN 35419 1871 10 in in IN 35419 1871 11 this this DT 35419 1871 12 list list NN 35419 1871 13 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1871 14 ; ; : 35419 1871 15 very very RB 35419 1871 16 elastic elastic JJ 35419 1871 17 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1871 18 7th 7th NN 35419 1871 19 in in IN 35419 1871 20 this this DT 35419 1871 21 list list NN 35419 1871 22 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1871 23 ; ; : 35419 1871 24 very very RB 35419 1871 25 hard hard JJ 35419 1871 26 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1871 27 5th 5th NN 35419 1871 28 in in IN 35419 1871 29 this this DT 35419 1871 30 list list NN 35419 1871 31 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1871 32 ; ; : 35419 1871 33 shrinkage shrinkage NN 35419 1871 34 , , , 35419 1871 35 10 10 CD 35419 1871 36 per per NN 35419 1871 37 cent cent NN 35419 1871 38 . . . 35419 1872 1 ; ; : 35419 1872 2 warps warps NNP 35419 1872 3 badly badly RB 35419 1872 4 ; ; : 35419 1872 5 not not RB 35419 1872 6 very very RB 35419 1872 7 durable durable JJ 35419 1872 8 under under IN 35419 1872 9 exposure exposure NN 35419 1872 10 ; ; : 35419 1872 11 hard hard JJ 35419 1872 12 to to TO 35419 1872 13 work work VB 35419 1872 14 , , , 35419 1872 15 very very RB 35419 1872 16 tough tough JJ 35419 1872 17 ; ; : 35419 1872 18 hard hard JJ 35419 1872 19 to to TO 35419 1872 20 split split VB 35419 1872 21 , , , 35419 1872 22 very very RB 35419 1872 23 difficult difficult JJ 35419 1872 24 to to TO 35419 1872 25 nail nail VB 35419 1872 26 . . . 35419 1873 1 COMMON common JJ 35419 1873 2 USES use NNS 35419 1873 3 : : : 35419 1873 4 Agricultural agricultural JJ 35419 1873 5 implements implement NNS 35419 1873 6 , , , 35419 1873 7 handles handle NNS 35419 1873 8 , , , 35419 1873 9 wheel wheel NN 35419 1873 10 spokes spoke NNS 35419 1873 11 . . . 35419 1874 1 REMARKS remarks NN 35419 1874 2 : : : 35419 1874 3 American american JJ 35419 1874 4 hickory hickory NN 35419 1874 5 is be VBZ 35419 1874 6 famous famous JJ 35419 1874 7 both both DT 35419 1874 8 for for IN 35419 1874 9 buggies buggy NNS 35419 1874 10 and and CC 35419 1874 11 ax ax VB 35419 1874 12 handles handle NNS 35419 1874 13 , , , 35419 1874 14 because because IN 35419 1874 15 it -PRON- PRP 35419 1874 16 is be VBZ 35419 1874 17 flexible flexible JJ 35419 1874 18 and and CC 35419 1874 19 very very RB 35419 1874 20 tough tough JJ 35419 1874 21 in in IN 35419 1874 22 resistance resistance NN 35419 1874 23 to to IN 35419 1874 24 blows blow NNS 35419 1874 25 . . . 35419 1875 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1875 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1875 3 : : : 35419 1875 4 Radial Radial NNP 35419 1875 5 Section Section NNP 35419 1875 6 , , , 35419 1875 7 life life NN 35419 1875 8 size size NN 35419 1875 9 . . . 35419 1875 10 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1876 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1876 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1876 3 : : : 35419 1876 4 Cross cross NN 35419 1876 5 - - NN 35419 1876 6 section section NNP 35419 1876 7 , , , 35419 1876 8 magnified magnify VBN 35419 1876 9 37 37 CD 35419 1876 10 - - HYPH 35419 1876 11 1/2 1/2 CD 35419 1876 12 diameters diameter NNS 35419 1876 13 . . . 35419 1876 14 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1877 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1877 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1877 3 : : : 35419 1877 4 Tangential Tangential NNP 35419 1877 5 Section Section NNP 35419 1877 6 , , , 35419 1877 7 life life NN 35419 1877 8 size size NN 35419 1877 9 . . . 35419 1877 10 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1878 1 33 33 CD 35419 1878 2 PIGNUT PIGNUT NNS 35419 1878 3 . . . 35419 1879 1 Nuts nut NNS 35419 1879 2 eaten eat VBN 35419 1879 3 by by IN 35419 1879 4 swine swine NNS 35419 1879 5 . . . 35419 1880 1 _ _ NNP 35419 1880 2 Hicoria Hicoria NNP 35419 1880 3 glabra glabra NN 35419 1880 4 _ _ NNP 35419 1880 5 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1880 6 Miller Miller NNP 35419 1880 7 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1880 8 Britton Britton NNP 35419 1880 9 . . . 35419 1881 1 _ _ NNP 35419 1881 2 Carya Carya NNP 35419 1881 3 porcina porcina NNP 35419 1881 4 . . . 35419 1881 5 _ _ NNP 35419 1881 6 _ _ NNP 35419 1881 7 Hicoria Hicoria NNP 35419 1881 8 _ _ NNP 35419 1881 9 is be VBZ 35419 1881 10 shortened shorten VBN 35419 1881 11 and and CC 35419 1881 12 latinized latinize VBN 35419 1881 13 from from IN 35419 1881 14 _ _ NNP 35419 1881 15 Pawcohicora Pawcohicora NNP 35419 1881 16 _ _ NNP 35419 1881 17 , , , 35419 1881 18 the the DT 35419 1881 19 Indian indian JJ 35419 1881 20 name name NN 35419 1881 21 for for IN 35419 1881 22 the the DT 35419 1881 23 liquor liquor NN 35419 1881 24 obtained obtain VBN 35419 1881 25 from from IN 35419 1881 26 the the DT 35419 1881 27 kernel kernel NN 35419 1881 28 ; ; : 35419 1881 29 _ _ NNP 35419 1881 30 glabra glabra NNP 35419 1881 31 _ _ NNP 35419 1881 32 refers refer VBZ 35419 1881 33 to to TO 35419 1881 34 smooth smooth JJ 35419 1881 35 bark bark NN 35419 1881 36 ; ; : 35419 1881 37 _ _ NNP 35419 1881 38 Carya Carya NNP 35419 1881 39 _ _ NNP 35419 1881 40 the the DT 35419 1881 41 Greek greek JJ 35419 1881 42 name name NN 35419 1881 43 for for IN 35419 1881 44 walnut walnut NNP 35419 1881 45 ; ; : 35419 1881 46 _ _ NNP 35419 1881 47 porcina porcina NNP 35419 1881 48 _ _ NNP 35419 1881 49 means mean VBZ 35419 1881 50 pertaining pertain VBG 35419 1881 51 to to IN 35419 1881 52 hogs hog NNS 35419 1881 53 . . . 35419 1882 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1882 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1882 3 : : : 35419 1882 4 Habitat Habitat NNP 35419 1882 5 . . . 35419 1882 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1883 1 HABITAT HABITAT NNP 35419 1883 2 : : : 35419 1883 3 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1883 4 See see VB 35419 1883 5 map map NN 35419 1883 6 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1883 7 ; ; : 35419 1883 8 best well RBS 35419 1883 9 in in IN 35419 1883 10 lower low JJR 35419 1883 11 Ohio Ohio NNP 35419 1883 12 valley valley NN 35419 1883 13 . . . 35419 1884 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1884 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1884 3 : : : 35419 1884 4 Leaf Leaf NNP 35419 1884 5 . . . 35419 1884 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1885 1 CHARACTERISTICS characteristic NNS 35419 1885 2 OF of IN 35419 1885 3 THE the DT 35419 1885 4 TREE tree NN 35419 1885 5 : : : 35419 1885 6 Height height NN 35419 1885 7 , , , 35419 1885 8 80'-100 80'-100 CD 35419 1885 9 ' ' POS 35419 1885 10 ; ; : 35419 1885 11 diameter diameter NN 35419 1885 12 2'-4 2'-4 NNP 35419 1885 13 ' ' '' 35419 1885 14 ; ; : 35419 1885 15 trunk trunk NN 35419 1885 16 often often RB 35419 1885 17 forked fork VBD 35419 1885 18 ; ; : 35419 1885 19 bark bark NN 35419 1885 20 , , , 35419 1885 21 light light JJ 35419 1885 22 gray gray JJ 35419 1885 23 , , , 35419 1885 24 shallow shallow JJ 35419 1885 25 fissures fissure NNS 35419 1885 26 , , , 35419 1885 27 rather rather RB 35419 1885 28 smooth smooth JJ 35419 1885 29 , , , 35419 1885 30 rarely rarely RB 35419 1885 31 exfoliates exfoliate VBZ 35419 1885 32 ; ; : 35419 1885 33 leaves leave NNS 35419 1885 34 , , , 35419 1885 35 8"-12 8"-12 NNP 35419 1885 36 " " `` 35419 1885 37 long long JJ 35419 1885 38 , , , 35419 1885 39 compound compound VBP 35419 1885 40 7 7 CD 35419 1885 41 leaflets leaflet NNS 35419 1885 42 , , , 35419 1885 43 sharply sharply RB 35419 1885 44 serrate serrate NN 35419 1885 45 ; ; : 35419 1885 46 fruit fruit NN 35419 1885 47 , , , 35419 1885 48 a a DT 35419 1885 49 thick thick RB 35419 1885 50 - - HYPH 35419 1885 51 shelled shell VBN 35419 1885 52 nut nut NN 35419 1885 53 , , , 35419 1885 54 bitter bitter JJ 35419 1885 55 kernel kernel NN 35419 1885 56 . . . 35419 1886 1 APPEARANCE APPEARANCE NNP 35419 1886 2 OF of IN 35419 1886 3 WOOD wood NN 35419 1886 4 : : : 35419 1886 5 Color color NN 35419 1886 6 , , , 35419 1886 7 light light JJ 35419 1886 8 or or CC 35419 1886 9 dark dark JJ 35419 1886 10 brown brown NN 35419 1886 11 , , , 35419 1886 12 the the DT 35419 1886 13 thick thick JJ 35419 1886 14 sap sap NN 35419 1886 15 - - HYPH 35419 1886 16 wood wood NN 35419 1886 17 lighter light JJR 35419 1886 18 , , , 35419 1886 19 often often RB 35419 1886 20 nearly nearly RB 35419 1886 21 white white JJ 35419 1886 22 ; ; : 35419 1886 23 ring re VBG 35419 1886 24 - - HYPH 35419 1886 25 porous porous JJ 35419 1886 26 ; ; : 35419 1886 27 rings ring NNS 35419 1886 28 marked mark VBN 35419 1886 29 by by IN 35419 1886 30 many many JJ 35419 1886 31 large large JJ 35419 1886 32 open open JJ 35419 1886 33 ducts duct NNS 35419 1886 34 ; ; : 35419 1886 35 grain grain NN 35419 1886 36 , , , 35419 1886 37 straight straight JJ 35419 1886 38 ; ; : 35419 1886 39 rays ray NNS 35419 1886 40 , , , 35419 1886 41 small small JJ 35419 1886 42 and and CC 35419 1886 43 insignificant insignificant JJ 35419 1886 44 . . . 35419 1887 1 PHYSICAL PHYSICAL NNP 35419 1887 2 QUALITIES QUALITIES NNP 35419 1887 3 : : : 35419 1887 4 Very very RB 35419 1887 5 heavy heavy JJ 35419 1887 6 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1887 7 4th 4th NN 35419 1887 8 in in IN 35419 1887 9 this this DT 35419 1887 10 list list NN 35419 1887 11 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1887 12 ; ; : 35419 1887 13 56 56 CD 35419 1887 14 lbs lbs NN 35419 1887 15 . . . 35419 1888 1 per per IN 35419 1888 2 cu cu NNP 35419 1888 3 . . . 35419 1889 1 ft ft NNP 35419 1889 2 . . NNP 35419 1889 3 ; ; : 35419 1889 4 sp sp NNP 35419 1889 5 . . . 35419 1890 1 gr gr NNP 35419 1890 2 . . NNP 35419 1890 3 , , , 35419 1890 4 0.8217 0.8217 CD 35419 1890 5 ; ; : 35419 1890 6 very very RB 35419 1890 7 strong strong JJ 35419 1890 8 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1890 9 15th 15th JJ 35419 1890 10 in in IN 35419 1890 11 this this DT 35419 1890 12 list list NN 35419 1890 13 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1890 14 ; ; , 35419 1890 15 elastic elastic JJ 35419 1890 16 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1890 17 27th 27th NN 35419 1890 18 in in IN 35419 1890 19 this this DT 35419 1890 20 list list NN 35419 1890 21 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1890 22 ; ; : 35419 1890 23 very very RB 35419 1890 24 hard hard RB 35419 1890 25 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1890 26 2d 2d VBN 35419 1890 27 in in IN 35419 1890 28 this this DT 35419 1890 29 list list NN 35419 1890 30 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1890 31 ; ; : 35419 1890 32 shrinkage shrinkage NN 35419 1890 33 , , , 35419 1890 34 10 10 CD 35419 1890 35 per per NN 35419 1890 36 cent cent NN 35419 1890 37 . . . 35419 1891 1 ; ; : 35419 1891 2 warps warps NNP 35419 1891 3 .......... .......... NFP 35419 1891 4 ; ; : 35419 1891 5 hard hard RB 35419 1891 6 to to TO 35419 1891 7 work work VB 35419 1891 8 ; ; : 35419 1891 9 splits split NNS 35419 1891 10 with with IN 35419 1891 11 difficulty difficulty NN 35419 1891 12 , , , 35419 1891 13 hard hard RB 35419 1891 14 to to TO 35419 1891 15 drive drive VB 35419 1891 16 nails nail NNS 35419 1891 17 into into IN 35419 1891 18 . . . 35419 1892 1 COMMON common JJ 35419 1892 2 USES use NNS 35419 1892 3 : : : 35419 1892 4 Agricultural agricultural JJ 35419 1892 5 implements implement NNS 35419 1892 6 , , , 35419 1892 7 wheels wheel NNS 35419 1892 8 , , , 35419 1892 9 runners runner NNS 35419 1892 10 , , , 35419 1892 11 tool tool NN 35419 1892 12 handles handle NNS 35419 1892 13 . . . 35419 1893 1 REMARKS remarks NN 35419 1893 2 : : : 35419 1893 3 Wood wood NN 35419 1893 4 not not RB 35419 1893 5 distinguished distinguish VBN 35419 1893 6 from from IN 35419 1893 7 shellbark shellbark NNP 35419 1893 8 hickory hickory NNP 35419 1893 9 in in IN 35419 1893 10 commerce commerce NN 35419 1893 11 . . . 35419 1894 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1894 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1894 3 : : : 35419 1894 4 Radial Radial NNP 35419 1894 5 Section Section NNP 35419 1894 6 , , , 35419 1894 7 life life NN 35419 1894 8 size size NN 35419 1894 9 . . . 35419 1894 10 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1895 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1895 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1895 3 : : : 35419 1895 4 Cross cross NN 35419 1895 5 - - NN 35419 1895 6 section section NNP 35419 1895 7 , , , 35419 1895 8 magnified magnify VBN 35419 1895 9 37 37 CD 35419 1895 10 - - HYPH 35419 1895 11 1/2 1/2 CD 35419 1895 12 diameters diameter NNS 35419 1895 13 . . . 35419 1895 14 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1896 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1896 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1896 3 : : : 35419 1896 4 Tangential Tangential NNP 35419 1896 5 Section Section NNP 35419 1896 6 , , , 35419 1896 7 life life NN 35419 1896 8 size size NN 35419 1896 9 . . . 35419 1896 10 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1897 1 34 34 CD 35419 1897 2 BLUE blue JJ 35419 1897 3 BEECH BEECH NNP 35419 1897 4 . . . 35419 1898 1 HORNBEAM HORNBEAM NNP 35419 1898 2 . . . 35419 1899 1 WATER water NN 35419 1899 2 BEECH BEECH NNP 35419 1899 3 . . . 35419 1900 1 IRON IRON NNP 35419 1900 2 - - HYPH 35419 1900 3 WOOD WOOD NNP 35419 1900 4 . . . 35419 1901 1 Blue Blue NNP 35419 1901 2 refers refer VBZ 35419 1901 3 to to IN 35419 1901 4 color color NN 35419 1901 5 of of IN 35419 1901 6 bark bark NN 35419 1901 7 ; ; : 35419 1901 8 the the DT 35419 1901 9 trunk trunk NN 35419 1901 10 resembles resemble VBZ 35419 1901 11 beech beech JJ 35419 1901 12 ; ; : 35419 1901 13 horn horn NN 35419 1901 14 refers refer VBZ 35419 1901 15 to to TO 35419 1901 16 horny horny VB 35419 1901 17 texture texture NN 35419 1901 18 of of IN 35419 1901 19 wood wood NN 35419 1901 20 . . . 35419 1902 1 _ _ NNP 35419 1902 2 Carpinus Carpinus NNP 35419 1902 3 caroliniana caroliniana NN 35419 1902 4 _ _ NNP 35419 1902 5 Walter Walter NNP 35419 1902 6 . . . 35419 1903 1 _ _ NNP 35419 1903 2 Carpinus Carpinus NNP 35419 1903 3 _ _ NNP 35419 1903 4 , , , 35419 1903 5 classical classical JJ 35419 1903 6 Latin Latin NNP 35419 1903 7 name name NN 35419 1903 8 ; ; : 35419 1903 9 _ _ NNP 35419 1903 10 caroliniana caroliniana NNP 35419 1903 11 _ _ NNP 35419 1903 12 , , , 35419 1903 13 named name VBN 35419 1903 14 from from IN 35419 1903 15 the the DT 35419 1903 16 state state NN 35419 1903 17 . . . 35419 1904 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1904 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1904 3 : : : 35419 1904 4 Habitat Habitat NNP 35419 1904 5 . . . 35419 1904 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1905 1 HABITAT HABITAT NNP 35419 1905 2 : : : 35419 1905 3 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1905 4 See see VB 35419 1905 5 map map NN 35419 1905 6 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1905 7 ; ; : 35419 1905 8 best well RBS 35419 1905 9 on on IN 35419 1905 10 western western JJ 35419 1905 11 slopes slope NNS 35419 1905 12 of of IN 35419 1905 13 Southern Southern NNP 35419 1905 14 Allegheny Allegheny NNP 35419 1905 15 Mountains Mountains NNPS 35419 1905 16 and and CC 35419 1905 17 in in IN 35419 1905 18 southern southern JJ 35419 1905 19 Arkansas Arkansas NNP 35419 1905 20 and and CC 35419 1905 21 Texas Texas NNP 35419 1905 22 . . . 35419 1906 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1906 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1906 3 : : : 35419 1906 4 Leaf Leaf NNP 35419 1906 5 . . . 35419 1906 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1907 1 CHARACTERISTICS characteristic NNS 35419 1907 2 OF of IN 35419 1907 3 THE the DT 35419 1907 4 TREE tree NN 35419 1907 5 : : : 35419 1907 6 Height height NN 35419 1907 7 , , , 35419 1907 8 a a DT 35419 1907 9 small small JJ 35419 1907 10 tree tree NN 35419 1907 11 , , , 35419 1907 12 30'-50 30'-50 NNP 35419 1907 13 ' ' POS 35419 1907 14 high high JJ 35419 1907 15 ; ; : 35419 1907 16 diameter diameter NN 35419 1907 17 , , , 35419 1907 18 6"-2 6"-2 NNS 35419 1907 19 ' ' POS 35419 1907 20 ; ; : 35419 1907 21 short short JJ 35419 1907 22 , , , 35419 1907 23 fluted fluted JJ 35419 1907 24 , , , 35419 1907 25 sinewy sinewy NNP 35419 1907 26 trunk trunk NNP 35419 1907 27 ; ; : 35419 1907 28 bark bark NN 35419 1907 29 , , , 35419 1907 30 smooth smooth JJ 35419 1907 31 , , , 35419 1907 32 bluish bluish JJ 35419 1907 33 gray gray NN 35419 1907 34 ; ; : 35419 1907 35 leaves leave NNS 35419 1907 36 , , , 35419 1907 37 falcate falcate NN 35419 1907 38 , , , 35419 1907 39 doubly doubly RB 35419 1907 40 serrate serrate NNP 35419 1907 41 ; ; : 35419 1907 42 fruit fruit NN 35419 1907 43 , , , 35419 1907 44 small small JJ 35419 1907 45 oval oval NNP 35419 1907 46 nut nut NNP 35419 1907 47 , , , 35419 1907 48 enclosed enclose VBD 35419 1907 49 in in IN 35419 1907 50 leaf leaf NN 35419 1907 51 - - HYPH 35419 1907 52 like like JJ 35419 1907 53 bract bract NN 35419 1907 54 . . . 35419 1908 1 APPEARANCE APPEARANCE NNP 35419 1908 2 OF of IN 35419 1908 3 WOOD wood NN 35419 1908 4 : : : 35419 1908 5 Color color NN 35419 1908 6 , , , 35419 1908 7 light light NN 35419 1908 8 brown brown NNP 35419 1908 9 , , , 35419 1908 10 sap sap NN 35419 1908 11 - - HYPH 35419 1908 12 wood wood NN 35419 1908 13 thick thick JJ 35419 1908 14 , , , 35419 1908 15 whitish whitish JJ 35419 1908 16 ; ; : 35419 1908 17 diffuse diffuse NN 35419 1908 18 - - HYPH 35419 1908 19 porous porous JJ 35419 1908 20 ; ; : 35419 1908 21 rings ring NNS 35419 1908 22 , , , 35419 1908 23 obscure obscure JJ 35419 1908 24 ; ; : 35419 1908 25 grain grain NN 35419 1908 26 , , , 35419 1908 27 close close JJ 35419 1908 28 ; ; : 35419 1908 29 rays ray NNS 35419 1908 30 , , , 35419 1908 31 numerous numerous JJ 35419 1908 32 , , , 35419 1908 33 broad broad JJ 35419 1908 34 . . . 35419 1909 1 PHYSICAL PHYSICAL NNP 35419 1909 2 QUALITIES quality NNS 35419 1909 3 : : : 35419 1909 4 Heavy heavy JJ 35419 1909 5 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1909 6 13th 13th NN 35419 1909 7 in in IN 35419 1909 8 this this DT 35419 1909 9 list list NN 35419 1909 10 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1909 11 ; ; : 35419 1909 12 45 45 CD 35419 1909 13 lbs lbs NN 35419 1909 14 . . . 35419 1910 1 per per IN 35419 1910 2 cu cu NNP 35419 1910 3 . . . 35419 1911 1 ft ft NNP 35419 1911 2 . . NNP 35419 1911 3 ; ; : 35419 1911 4 sp sp NNP 35419 1911 5 . . . 35419 1912 1 gr gr NNP 35419 1912 2 . . . 35419 1913 1 0.7286 0.7286 CD 35419 1913 2 ; ; : 35419 1913 3 very very RB 35419 1913 4 strong strong JJ 35419 1913 5 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1913 6 9th 9th NN 35419 1913 7 in in IN 35419 1913 8 this this DT 35419 1913 9 list list NN 35419 1913 10 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1913 11 ; ; : 35419 1913 12 very very RB 35419 1913 13 stiff stiff JJ 35419 1913 14 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1913 15 15th 15th NN 35419 1913 16 in in IN 35419 1913 17 this this DT 35419 1913 18 list list NN 35419 1913 19 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1913 20 ; ; : 35419 1913 21 hard hard JJ 35419 1913 22 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1913 23 14th 14th JJ 35419 1913 24 in in IN 35419 1913 25 this this DT 35419 1913 26 list list NN 35419 1913 27 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1913 28 ; ; : 35419 1913 29 shrinkage shrinkage NN 35419 1913 30 , , , 35419 1913 31 6 6 CD 35419 1913 32 per per NN 35419 1913 33 cent cent NN 35419 1913 34 . . . 35419 1914 1 ; ; : 35419 1914 2 warps warp NNS 35419 1914 3 and and CC 35419 1914 4 checks check NNS 35419 1914 5 badly badly RB 35419 1914 6 ; ; : 35419 1914 7 not not RB 35419 1914 8 durable durable JJ 35419 1914 9 ; ; : 35419 1914 10 hard hard JJ 35419 1914 11 to to TO 35419 1914 12 work work VB 35419 1914 13 ; ; : 35419 1914 14 splits split NNS 35419 1914 15 with with IN 35419 1914 16 great great JJ 35419 1914 17 difficulty difficulty NN 35419 1914 18 . . . 35419 1915 1 COMMON common JJ 35419 1915 2 USES use NNS 35419 1915 3 : : : 35419 1915 4 Levers lever NNS 35419 1915 5 , , , 35419 1915 6 tool tool NN 35419 1915 7 handles handle NNS 35419 1915 8 . . . 35419 1916 1 REMARKS remarks NN 35419 1916 2 : : : 35419 1916 3 No no DT 35419 1916 4 other other JJ 35419 1916 5 wood wood NN 35419 1916 6 so so RB 35419 1916 7 good good JJ 35419 1916 8 for for IN 35419 1916 9 levers lever NNS 35419 1916 10 , , , 35419 1916 11 because because IN 35419 1916 12 of of IN 35419 1916 13 stiffness stiffness NN 35419 1916 14 . . . 35419 1917 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1917 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1917 3 : : : 35419 1917 4 Radial Radial NNP 35419 1917 5 Section Section NNP 35419 1917 6 , , , 35419 1917 7 life life NN 35419 1917 8 size size NN 35419 1917 9 . . . 35419 1917 10 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1918 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1918 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1918 3 : : : 35419 1918 4 Cross cross NN 35419 1918 5 - - NN 35419 1918 6 section section NNP 35419 1918 7 , , , 35419 1918 8 magnified magnify VBN 35419 1918 9 37 37 CD 35419 1918 10 - - HYPH 35419 1918 11 1/2 1/2 CD 35419 1918 12 diameters diameter NNS 35419 1918 13 . . . 35419 1918 14 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1919 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1919 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1919 3 : : : 35419 1919 4 Tangential Tangential NNP 35419 1919 5 Section Section NNP 35419 1919 6 , , , 35419 1919 7 life life NN 35419 1919 8 size size NN 35419 1919 9 . . . 35419 1919 10 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1920 1 35 35 CD 35419 1920 2 CANOE CANOE NNP 35419 1920 3 BIRCH BIRCH NNS 35419 1920 4 . . . 35419 1921 1 WHITE white JJ 35419 1921 2 BIRCH BIRCH NNS 35419 1921 3 . . . 35419 1922 1 PAPER paper NN 35419 1922 2 BIRCH BIRCH NNS 35419 1922 3 . . . 35419 1923 1 All all DT 35419 1923 2 names name NNS 35419 1923 3 refer refer VBP 35419 1923 4 to to IN 35419 1923 5 bark bark NN 35419 1923 6 . . . 35419 1924 1 _ _ NNP 35419 1924 2 Betula Betula NNP 35419 1924 3 papyrifera papyrifera NN 35419 1924 4 _ _ NNP 35419 1924 5 Marshall Marshall NNP 35419 1924 6 . . . 35419 1925 1 _ _ NNP 35419 1925 2 Betula Betula NNP 35419 1925 3 _ _ NNP 35419 1925 4 , , , 35419 1925 5 the the DT 35419 1925 6 classical classical JJ 35419 1925 7 Latin latin JJ 35419 1925 8 name name NN 35419 1925 9 ; ; : 35419 1925 10 _ _ NNP 35419 1925 11 papyrifera papyrifera NNP 35419 1925 12 _ _ NNP 35419 1925 13 refers refer VBZ 35419 1925 14 to to IN 35419 1925 15 paper paper NN 35419 1925 16 bearing bearing NN 35419 1925 17 bark bark NN 35419 1925 18 . . . 35419 1926 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1926 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1926 3 : : : 35419 1926 4 Habitat Habitat NNP 35419 1926 5 . . . 35419 1926 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1927 1 HABITAT HABITAT NNP 35419 1927 2 : : : 35419 1927 3 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1927 4 See see VB 35419 1927 5 map map NN 35419 1927 6 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1927 7 ; ; : 35419 1927 8 best good JJS 35419 1927 9 west west NN 35419 1927 10 of of IN 35419 1927 11 Rocky Rocky NNP 35419 1927 12 Mountains Mountains NNPS 35419 1927 13 . . . 35419 1928 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1928 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1928 3 : : : 35419 1928 4 Leaf Leaf NNP 35419 1928 5 . . . 35419 1928 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1929 1 CHARACTERISTICS characteristic NNS 35419 1929 2 OF of IN 35419 1929 3 THE the DT 35419 1929 4 TREE tree NN 35419 1929 5 : : : 35419 1929 6 Height Height NNP 35419 1929 7 , , , 35419 1929 8 60'-80 60'-80 NNP 35419 1929 9 ' ' POS 35419 1929 10 ; ; : 35419 1929 11 diameter diameter NN 35419 1929 12 , , , 35419 1929 13 2'-3 2'-3 CD 35419 1929 14 ' ' '' 35419 1929 15 ; ; : 35419 1929 16 stem stem VB 35419 1929 17 rarely rarely RB 35419 1929 18 quite quite RB 35419 1929 19 straight straight JJ 35419 1929 20 ; ; : 35419 1929 21 bark bark NN 35419 1929 22 , , , 35419 1929 23 smooth smooth JJ 35419 1929 24 , , , 35419 1929 25 white white JJ 35419 1929 26 , , , 35419 1929 27 exterior exterior NNP 35419 1929 28 marked mark VBN 35419 1929 29 with with IN 35419 1929 30 lenticels lenticel NNS 35419 1929 31 , , , 35419 1929 32 peeling peel VBG 35419 1929 33 freely freely RB 35419 1929 34 horizontally horizontally RB 35419 1929 35 into into IN 35419 1929 36 thin thin JJ 35419 1929 37 papery papery NN 35419 1929 38 layers layer NNS 35419 1929 39 , , , 35419 1929 40 showing show VBG 35419 1929 41 brown brown JJ 35419 1929 42 or or CC 35419 1929 43 orange orange NN 35419 1929 44 beneath beneath RB 35419 1929 45 , , , 35419 1929 46 contains contain VBZ 35419 1929 47 oil oil NN 35419 1929 48 which which WDT 35419 1929 49 burns burn VBZ 35419 1929 50 hotly hotly RB 35419 1929 51 , , , 35419 1929 52 formerly formerly RB 35419 1929 53 used use VBN 35419 1929 54 by by IN 35419 1929 55 Indians Indians NNPS 35419 1929 56 for for IN 35419 1929 57 canoes canoe NNS 35419 1929 58 , , , 35419 1929 59 very very RB 35419 1929 60 remarkable remarkable JJ 35419 1929 61 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1929 62 see see VB 35419 1929 63 Keeler Keeler NNP 35419 1929 64 , , , 35419 1929 65 page page NN 35419 1929 66 304 304 CD 35419 1929 67 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1929 68 ; ; : 35419 1929 69 leaves leave NNS 35419 1929 70 , , , 35419 1929 71 heart heart NN 35419 1929 72 - - HYPH 35419 1929 73 shaped shape VBN 35419 1929 74 , , , 35419 1929 75 irregularly irregularly RB 35419 1929 76 serrate serrate NN 35419 1929 77 ; ; : 35419 1929 78 fruit fruit NN 35419 1929 79 , , , 35419 1929 80 pendulous pendulous JJ 35419 1929 81 strobiles strobile NNS 35419 1929 82 . . . 35419 1930 1 APPEARANCE APPEARANCE NNP 35419 1930 2 OF of IN 35419 1930 3 WOOD wood NN 35419 1930 4 : : : 35419 1930 5 Color color NN 35419 1930 6 , , , 35419 1930 7 brown brown JJ 35419 1930 8 or or CC 35419 1930 9 reddish reddish JJ 35419 1930 10 , , , 35419 1930 11 sap sap NN 35419 1930 12 - - HYPH 35419 1930 13 wood wood NN 35419 1930 14 white white NN 35419 1930 15 ; ; : 35419 1930 16 diffuse diffuse NN 35419 1930 17 - - HYPH 35419 1930 18 porous porous JJ 35419 1930 19 ; ; : 35419 1930 20 rings ring NNS 35419 1930 21 , , , 35419 1930 22 obscure obscure JJ 35419 1930 23 ; ; : 35419 1930 24 grain grain NN 35419 1930 25 , , , 35419 1930 26 fairly fairly RB 35419 1930 27 straight straight JJ 35419 1930 28 ; ; : 35419 1930 29 rays ray NNS 35419 1930 30 , , , 35419 1930 31 numerous numerous JJ 35419 1930 32 , , , 35419 1930 33 obscure obscure JJ 35419 1930 34 . . . 35419 1931 1 PHYSICAL physical NN 35419 1931 2 QUALITIES quality NNS 35419 1931 3 : : : 35419 1931 4 Weight weight NN 35419 1931 5 , , , 35419 1931 6 medium medium NN 35419 1931 7 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1931 8 33d 33d NNS 35419 1931 9 in in IN 35419 1931 10 this this DT 35419 1931 11 list list NN 35419 1931 12 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1931 13 ; ; : 35419 1931 14 37 37 CD 35419 1931 15 lbs lbs NN 35419 1931 16 . . . 35419 1932 1 per per IN 35419 1932 2 cu cu NNP 35419 1932 3 . . . 35419 1933 1 ft ft NNP 35419 1933 2 . . NNP 35419 1933 3 ; ; : 35419 1933 4 sp sp NNP 35419 1933 5 . . . 35419 1934 1 gr gr NNP 35419 1934 2 . . . 35419 1935 1 0.5955 0.5955 CD 35419 1935 2 ; ; : 35419 1935 3 very very RB 35419 1935 4 strong strong JJ 35419 1935 5 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1935 6 14th 14th JJ 35419 1935 7 in in IN 35419 1935 8 this this DT 35419 1935 9 list list NN 35419 1935 10 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1935 11 ; ; : 35419 1935 12 very very RB 35419 1935 13 elastic elastic JJ 35419 1935 14 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1935 15 2d 2d VBN 35419 1935 16 in in IN 35419 1935 17 this this DT 35419 1935 18 list list NN 35419 1935 19 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1935 20 ; ; : 35419 1935 21 medium medium NNP 35419 1935 22 hard hard RB 35419 1935 23 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1935 24 39th 39th NN 35419 1935 25 in in IN 35419 1935 26 this this DT 35419 1935 27 list list NN 35419 1935 28 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1935 29 ; ; : 35419 1935 30 shrinkage shrinkage NN 35419 1935 31 , , , 35419 1935 32 6 6 CD 35419 1935 33 per per NN 35419 1935 34 cent cent NN 35419 1935 35 . . . 35419 1936 1 ; ; : 35419 1936 2 warps warps NNP 35419 1936 3 , , , 35419 1936 4 ......... ......... NFP 35419 1936 5 ; ; : 35419 1936 6 not not RB 35419 1936 7 durable durable JJ 35419 1936 8 , , , 35419 1936 9 except except IN 35419 1936 10 bark bark NN 35419 1936 11 ; ; : 35419 1936 12 easy easy JJ 35419 1936 13 to to TO 35419 1936 14 work work VB 35419 1936 15 ; ; : 35419 1936 16 splits split NNS 35419 1936 17 with with IN 35419 1936 18 difficulty difficulty NN 35419 1936 19 , , , 35419 1936 20 nails nail NNS 35419 1936 21 well well RB 35419 1936 22 , , , 35419 1936 23 tough tough JJ 35419 1936 24 . . . 35419 1937 1 COMMON common JJ 35419 1937 2 USES use NNS 35419 1937 3 : : : 35419 1937 4 Spools Spools NNP 35419 1937 5 , , , 35419 1937 6 shoe shoe NN 35419 1937 7 lasts last VBZ 35419 1937 8 and and CC 35419 1937 9 pegs peg NNS 35419 1937 10 , , , 35419 1937 11 turnery turnery NN 35419 1937 12 , , , 35419 1937 13 bark bark VBP 35419 1937 14 for for IN 35419 1937 15 canoes canoe NNS 35419 1937 16 . . . 35419 1938 1 REMARKS remarks NN 35419 1938 2 : : : 35419 1938 3 Forms form NNS 35419 1938 4 forests forest NNS 35419 1938 5 . . . 35419 1939 1 Sap sap NN 35419 1939 2 yields yield NNS 35419 1939 3 syrup syrup NN 35419 1939 4 . . . 35419 1940 1 Bark bark NN 35419 1940 2 yields yield NNS 35419 1940 3 starch starch VBP 35419 1940 4 . . . 35419 1941 1 Valuable valuable JJ 35419 1941 2 to to IN 35419 1941 3 woodsmen woodsman NNS 35419 1941 4 in in IN 35419 1941 5 many many JJ 35419 1941 6 ways way NNS 35419 1941 7 . . . 35419 1942 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1942 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1942 3 : : : 35419 1942 4 Radial Radial NNP 35419 1942 5 Section Section NNP 35419 1942 6 , , , 35419 1942 7 life life NN 35419 1942 8 size size NN 35419 1942 9 . . . 35419 1942 10 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1943 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1943 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1943 3 : : : 35419 1943 4 Cross cross NN 35419 1943 5 - - NN 35419 1943 6 section section NNP 35419 1943 7 , , , 35419 1943 8 magnified magnify VBN 35419 1943 9 37 37 CD 35419 1943 10 - - HYPH 35419 1943 11 1/2 1/2 CD 35419 1943 12 diameters diameter NNS 35419 1943 13 . . . 35419 1943 14 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1944 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1944 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1944 3 : : : 35419 1944 4 Tangential Tangential NNP 35419 1944 5 Section Section NNP 35419 1944 6 , , , 35419 1944 7 life life NN 35419 1944 8 size size NN 35419 1944 9 . . . 35419 1944 10 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1945 1 36 36 CD 35419 1945 2 RED RED NNP 35419 1945 3 BIRCH BIRCH NNS 35419 1945 4 . . . 35419 1946 1 RIVER river NN 35419 1946 2 BIRCH BIRCH NNP 35419 1946 3 . . . 35419 1947 1 Red red JJ 35419 1947 2 refers refer VBZ 35419 1947 3 to to IN 35419 1947 4 color color NN 35419 1947 5 of of IN 35419 1947 6 bark bark NN 35419 1947 7 ; ; : 35419 1947 8 river river NN 35419 1947 9 , , , 35419 1947 10 prefers prefer VBZ 35419 1947 11 river river NN 35419 1947 12 bottoms bottom NNS 35419 1947 13 . . . 35419 1948 1 _ _ NNP 35419 1948 2 Betula Betula NNP 35419 1948 3 nigra nigra NN 35419 1948 4 _ _ NNP 35419 1948 5 Linnaeus Linnaeus NNP 35419 1948 6 . . . 35419 1949 1 _ _ NNP 35419 1949 2 Betula Betula NNP 35419 1949 3 _ _ NNP 35419 1949 4 , , , 35419 1949 5 the the DT 35419 1949 6 classical classical JJ 35419 1949 7 Latin Latin NNP 35419 1949 8 name name NN 35419 1949 9 . . . 35419 1950 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1950 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1950 3 : : : 35419 1950 4 Habitat Habitat NNP 35419 1950 5 . . . 35419 1950 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1951 1 HABITAT HABITAT NNP 35419 1951 2 : : : 35419 1951 3 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1951 4 See see VB 35419 1951 5 map map NN 35419 1951 6 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1951 7 ; ; : 35419 1951 8 best well RBS 35419 1951 9 in in IN 35419 1951 10 Florida Florida NNP 35419 1951 11 , , , 35419 1951 12 Louisiana Louisiana NNP 35419 1951 13 and and CC 35419 1951 14 Texas Texas NNP 35419 1951 15 . . . 35419 1952 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1952 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1952 3 : : : 35419 1952 4 Leaf Leaf NNP 35419 1952 5 . . . 35419 1952 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1953 1 CHARACTERISTICS characteristic NNS 35419 1953 2 OF of IN 35419 1953 3 THE the DT 35419 1953 4 TREE tree NN 35419 1953 5 : : : 35419 1953 6 Height Height NNP 35419 1953 7 , , , 35419 1953 8 30'-80 30'-80 NNP 35419 1953 9 ' ' POS 35419 1953 10 , , , 35419 1953 11 and and CC 35419 1953 12 even even RB 35419 1953 13 higher high JJR 35419 1953 14 ; ; : 35419 1953 15 diameter diameter NN 35419 1953 16 , , , 35419 1953 17 1 1 CD 35419 1953 18 ' ' '' 35419 1953 19 , , , 35419 1953 20 even even RB 35419 1953 21 5 5 CD 35419 1953 22 ' ' '' 35419 1953 23 ; ; : 35419 1953 24 trunk trunk NN 35419 1953 25 , , , 35419 1953 26 often often RB 35419 1953 27 divided divide VBD 35419 1953 28 low low JJ 35419 1953 29 ; ; : 35419 1953 30 bark bark NN 35419 1953 31 , , , 35419 1953 32 dark dark JJ 35419 1953 33 brown brown NNP 35419 1953 34 , , , 35419 1953 35 marked mark VBN 35419 1953 36 by by IN 35419 1953 37 horizontal horizontal JJ 35419 1953 38 lenticels lenticel NNS 35419 1953 39 , , , 35419 1953 40 peels peel NNS 35419 1953 41 into into IN 35419 1953 42 paper paper NN 35419 1953 43 plates plate NNS 35419 1953 44 , , , 35419 1953 45 curling curl VBG 35419 1953 46 back back RB 35419 1953 47 ; ; : 35419 1953 48 leaves leave NNS 35419 1953 49 , , , 35419 1953 50 doubly doubly RB 35419 1953 51 serrate serrate NNP 35419 1953 52 , , , 35419 1953 53 often often RB 35419 1953 54 almost almost RB 35419 1953 55 lobed lobed JJ 35419 1953 56 ; ; : 35419 1953 57 fruit fruit NN 35419 1953 58 , , , 35419 1953 59 pubescent pubescent NN 35419 1953 60 , , , 35419 1953 61 erect erect NN 35419 1953 62 , , , 35419 1953 63 strobiles strobile NNS 35419 1953 64 . . . 35419 1954 1 APPEARANCE APPEARANCE NNP 35419 1954 2 OF of IN 35419 1954 3 WOOD wood NN 35419 1954 4 : : : 35419 1954 5 Color color NN 35419 1954 6 , , , 35419 1954 7 light light NN 35419 1954 8 brown brown NNP 35419 1954 9 , , , 35419 1954 10 thick thick JJ 35419 1954 11 sap sap NN 35419 1954 12 - - HYPH 35419 1954 13 wood wood NN 35419 1954 14 , , , 35419 1954 15 whitish whitish NN 35419 1954 16 ; ; : 35419 1954 17 diffuse diffuse NN 35419 1954 18 - - HYPH 35419 1954 19 porous porous JJ 35419 1954 20 ; ; : 35419 1954 21 rings ring NNS 35419 1954 22 , , , 35419 1954 23 not not RB 35419 1954 24 plain plain JJ 35419 1954 25 ; ; : 35419 1954 26 grain grain NN 35419 1954 27 , , , 35419 1954 28 close close JJ 35419 1954 29 , , , 35419 1954 30 rather rather RB 35419 1954 31 crooked crooked JJ 35419 1954 32 ; ; : 35419 1954 33 rays ray NNS 35419 1954 34 , , , 35419 1954 35 numerous numerous JJ 35419 1954 36 , , , 35419 1954 37 obscure obscure JJ 35419 1954 38 . . . 35419 1955 1 PHYSICAL physical NN 35419 1955 2 QUALITIES quality NNS 35419 1955 3 : : : 35419 1955 4 Weight weight NN 35419 1955 5 , , , 35419 1955 6 medium medium NN 35419 1955 7 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1955 8 36th 36th NN 35419 1955 9 in in IN 35419 1955 10 this this DT 35419 1955 11 list list NN 35419 1955 12 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1955 13 ; ; : 35419 1955 14 35 35 CD 35419 1955 15 lbs lbs NN 35419 1955 16 . . . 35419 1956 1 per per IN 35419 1956 2 cu cu NNP 35419 1956 3 . . . 35419 1957 1 ft ft NNP 35419 1957 2 . . NNP 35419 1957 3 ; ; : 35419 1957 4 sp sp NNP 35419 1957 5 . . . 35419 1958 1 gr gr NNP 35419 1958 2 . . . 35419 1959 1 0.5762 0.5762 LS 35419 1959 2 ; ; : 35419 1959 3 strong strong JJ 35419 1959 4 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1959 5 22d 22d NNS 35419 1959 6 in in IN 35419 1959 7 this this DT 35419 1959 8 list list NN 35419 1959 9 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1959 10 ; ; : 35419 1959 11 very very RB 35419 1959 12 elastic elastic JJ 35419 1959 13 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1959 14 19th 19th NN 35419 1959 15 in in IN 35419 1959 16 this this DT 35419 1959 17 list list NN 35419 1959 18 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1959 19 ; ; : 35419 1959 20 medium medium NNP 35419 1959 21 hard hard RB 35419 1959 22 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1959 23 37th 37th NN 35419 1959 24 in in IN 35419 1959 25 this this DT 35419 1959 26 list list NN 35419 1959 27 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1959 28 ; ; : 35419 1959 29 shrinkage shrinkage NN 35419 1959 30 , , , 35419 1959 31 6 6 CD 35419 1959 32 per per NN 35419 1959 33 cent cent NN 35419 1959 34 . . . 35419 1960 1 ; ; : 35419 1960 2 warps warps NNP 35419 1960 3 , , , 35419 1960 4 ....... ....... NFP 35419 1960 5 ; ; : 35419 1960 6 not not RB 35419 1960 7 durable durable JJ 35419 1960 8 when when WRB 35419 1960 9 exposed expose VBN 35419 1960 10 ; ; : 35419 1960 11 hard hard RB 35419 1960 12 to to TO 35419 1960 13 work work VB 35419 1960 14 , , , 35419 1960 15 tough tough JJ 35419 1960 16 ; ; : 35419 1960 17 splits split NNS 35419 1960 18 with with IN 35419 1960 19 difficulty difficulty NN 35419 1960 20 , , , 35419 1960 21 nails nail NNS 35419 1960 22 well well RB 35419 1960 23 . . . 35419 1961 1 COMMON common JJ 35419 1961 2 USES use NNS 35419 1961 3 : : : 35419 1961 4 Shoe shoe NN 35419 1961 5 lasts last NNS 35419 1961 6 , , , 35419 1961 7 yokes yoke NNS 35419 1961 8 , , , 35419 1961 9 furniture furniture NN 35419 1961 10 . . . 35419 1962 1 REMARKS remarks NN 35419 1962 2 : : : 35419 1962 3 Prefers prefer NNS 35419 1962 4 moist moist VBP 35419 1962 5 land land NN 35419 1962 6 . . . 35419 1963 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1963 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1963 3 : : : 35419 1963 4 Radial Radial NNP 35419 1963 5 Section Section NNP 35419 1963 6 , , , 35419 1963 7 life life NN 35419 1963 8 size size NN 35419 1963 9 . . . 35419 1963 10 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1964 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1964 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1964 3 : : : 35419 1964 4 Cross cross NN 35419 1964 5 - - NN 35419 1964 6 section section NNP 35419 1964 7 , , , 35419 1964 8 magnified magnify VBN 35419 1964 9 37 37 CD 35419 1964 10 - - HYPH 35419 1964 11 1/2 1/2 CD 35419 1964 12 diameters diameter NNS 35419 1964 13 . . . 35419 1964 14 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1965 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1965 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1965 3 : : : 35419 1965 4 Tangential Tangential NNP 35419 1965 5 Section Section NNP 35419 1965 6 , , , 35419 1965 7 life life NN 35419 1965 8 size size NN 35419 1965 9 . . . 35419 1965 10 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1966 1 37 37 CD 35419 1966 2 CHERRY cherry NN 35419 1966 3 BIRCH BIRCH NNS 35419 1966 4 . . . 35419 1967 1 SWEET SWEET NNP 35419 1967 2 BIRCH BIRCH NNS 35419 1967 3 . . . 35419 1968 1 BLACK black NN 35419 1968 2 BIRCH BIRCH NNS 35419 1968 3 . . . 35419 1969 1 MAHOGANY MAHOGANY NNP 35419 1969 2 BIRCH BIRCH NNP 35419 1969 3 . . . 35419 1970 1 Cherry cherry NN 35419 1970 2 , , , 35419 1970 3 because because IN 35419 1970 4 bark bark NN 35419 1970 5 resembles resemble VBZ 35419 1970 6 that that DT 35419 1970 7 of of IN 35419 1970 8 cherry cherry NN 35419 1970 9 tree tree NN 35419 1970 10 ; ; : 35419 1970 11 sweet sweet JJ 35419 1970 12 , , , 35419 1970 13 refers refer VBZ 35419 1970 14 to to IN 35419 1970 15 the the DT 35419 1970 16 taste taste NN 35419 1970 17 of of IN 35419 1970 18 the the DT 35419 1970 19 spicy spicy JJ 35419 1970 20 bark bark NN 35419 1970 21 . . . 35419 1971 1 _ _ NNP 35419 1971 2 Betula Betula NNP 35419 1971 3 lenta lenta NNP 35419 1971 4 _ _ NNP 35419 1971 5 Linnaeus Linnaeus NNP 35419 1971 6 . . . 35419 1972 1 _ _ NNP 35419 1972 2 Betula Betula NNP 35419 1972 3 _ _ NNP 35419 1972 4 , , , 35419 1972 5 the the DT 35419 1972 6 classical classical JJ 35419 1972 7 Latin latin JJ 35419 1972 8 name name NN 35419 1972 9 ; ; : 35419 1972 10 _ _ NNP 35419 1972 11 lenta lenta NNP 35419 1972 12 _ _ NNP 35419 1972 13 , , , 35419 1972 14 meaning mean VBG 35419 1972 15 tenacious tenacious JJ 35419 1972 16 , , , 35419 1972 17 sticky sticky JJ 35419 1972 18 , , , 35419 1972 19 may may MD 35419 1972 20 refer refer VB 35419 1972 21 to to IN 35419 1972 22 the the DT 35419 1972 23 gum gum NN 35419 1972 24 which which WDT 35419 1972 25 exudes exude VBZ 35419 1972 26 from from IN 35419 1972 27 the the DT 35419 1972 28 trunk trunk NN 35419 1972 29 . . . 35419 1973 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1973 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1973 3 : : : 35419 1973 4 Habitat Habitat NNP 35419 1973 5 . . . 35419 1973 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1974 1 HABITAT HABITAT NNP 35419 1974 2 : : : 35419 1974 3 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1974 4 See see VB 35419 1974 5 map map NN 35419 1974 6 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1974 7 ; ; : 35419 1974 8 best well RBS 35419 1974 9 in in IN 35419 1974 10 Tennessee Tennessee NNP 35419 1974 11 Mountains Mountains NNPS 35419 1974 12 . . . 35419 1975 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1975 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1975 3 : : : 35419 1975 4 Leaf Leaf NNP 35419 1975 5 . . . 35419 1975 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1976 1 CHARACTERISTICS characteristic NNS 35419 1976 2 OF of IN 35419 1976 3 THE the DT 35419 1976 4 TREE tree NN 35419 1976 5 : : : 35419 1976 6 Height Height NNP 35419 1976 7 , , , 35419 1976 8 50'-80 50'-80 NNP 35419 1976 9 ' ' POS 35419 1976 10 ; ; : 35419 1976 11 diameter diameter NN 35419 1976 12 , , , 35419 1976 13 2'-5 2'-5 NNP 35419 1976 14 ' ' POS 35419 1976 15 ; ; : 35419 1976 16 trunk trunk NN 35419 1976 17 , , , 35419 1976 18 rarely rarely RB 35419 1976 19 straight straight RB 35419 1976 20 ; ; : 35419 1976 21 bark bark NN 35419 1976 22 , , , 35419 1976 23 dark dark JJ 35419 1976 24 reddish reddish JJ 35419 1976 25 brown brown NN 35419 1976 26 , , , 35419 1976 27 on on IN 35419 1976 28 old old JJ 35419 1976 29 trunks trunk NNS 35419 1976 30 deeply deeply RB 35419 1976 31 furrowed furrowed JJ 35419 1976 32 and and CC 35419 1976 33 broken break VBN 35419 1976 34 into into IN 35419 1976 35 thick thick JJ 35419 1976 36 , , , 35419 1976 37 irregular irregular JJ 35419 1976 38 plates plate NNS 35419 1976 39 , , , 35419 1976 40 marked mark VBN 35419 1976 41 with with IN 35419 1976 42 horizontal horizontal JJ 35419 1976 43 lenticels lenticel NNS 35419 1976 44 ; ; : 35419 1976 45 resembles resemble VBZ 35419 1976 46 cherry cherry NN 35419 1976 47 ; ; : 35419 1976 48 spicy spicy JJ 35419 1976 49 , , , 35419 1976 50 aromatic aromatic JJ 35419 1976 51 ; ; : 35419 1976 52 leaves leave NNS 35419 1976 53 , , , 35419 1976 54 ovate ovate NN 35419 1976 55 , , , 35419 1976 56 oblong oblong JJ 35419 1976 57 , , , 35419 1976 58 2"-6 2"-6 CD 35419 1976 59 " " `` 35419 1976 60 long long JJ 35419 1976 61 , , , 35419 1976 62 irregularly irregularly RB 35419 1976 63 serrate serrate NN 35419 1976 64 ; ; : 35419 1976 65 fruit fruit NN 35419 1976 66 , , , 35419 1976 67 erect erect NN 35419 1976 68 strobiles strobile NNS 35419 1976 69 . . . 35419 1977 1 APPEARANCE APPEARANCE NNP 35419 1977 2 OF of IN 35419 1977 3 WOOD wood NN 35419 1977 4 : : : 35419 1977 5 Color color NN 35419 1977 6 , , , 35419 1977 7 dark dark JJ 35419 1977 8 , , , 35419 1977 9 reddish reddish JJ 35419 1977 10 brown brown NN 35419 1977 11 ; ; : 35419 1977 12 diffuse diffuse NN 35419 1977 13 - - HYPH 35419 1977 14 porous porous JJ 35419 1977 15 ; ; : 35419 1977 16 rings ring NNS 35419 1977 17 , , , 35419 1977 18 obscure obscure JJ 35419 1977 19 ; ; : 35419 1977 20 grain grain NN 35419 1977 21 , , , 35419 1977 22 close close JJ 35419 1977 23 , , , 35419 1977 24 satiny satiny NN 35419 1977 25 , , , 35419 1977 26 polishes polish VBZ 35419 1977 27 well well UH 35419 1977 28 , , , 35419 1977 29 often often RB 35419 1977 30 stained stain VBD 35419 1977 31 to to TO 35419 1977 32 imitate imitate VB 35419 1977 33 mahogany mahogany NN 35419 1977 34 ; ; : 35419 1977 35 rays ray NNS 35419 1977 36 , , , 35419 1977 37 numerous numerous JJ 35419 1977 38 , , , 35419 1977 39 obscure obscure JJ 35419 1977 40 . . . 35419 1978 1 PHYSICAL PHYSICAL NNP 35419 1978 2 QUALITIES quality NNS 35419 1978 3 : : : 35419 1978 4 Heavy heavy JJ 35419 1978 5 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1978 6 6th 6th NN 35419 1978 7 in in IN 35419 1978 8 this this DT 35419 1978 9 list list NN 35419 1978 10 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1978 11 ; ; : 35419 1978 12 47 47 CD 35419 1978 13 lbs lbs NN 35419 1978 14 . . . 35419 1979 1 per per IN 35419 1979 2 cu cu NNP 35419 1979 3 . . . 35419 1980 1 ft ft NNP 35419 1980 2 . . NNP 35419 1980 3 ; ; : 35419 1980 4 sp sp NNP 35419 1980 5 . . . 35419 1981 1 gr gr NNP 35419 1981 2 . . NNP 35419 1981 3 , , , 35419 1981 4 0.7617 0.7617 CD 35419 1981 5 ; ; : 35419 1981 6 very very RB 35419 1981 7 strong strong JJ 35419 1981 8 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1981 9 4th 4th NN 35419 1981 10 in in IN 35419 1981 11 this this DT 35419 1981 12 list list NN 35419 1981 13 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1981 14 ; ; : 35419 1981 15 very very RB 35419 1981 16 elastic elastic JJ 35419 1981 17 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1981 18 6th 6th NN 35419 1981 19 in in IN 35419 1981 20 this this DT 35419 1981 21 list list NN 35419 1981 22 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1981 23 ; ; : 35419 1981 24 hard hard JJ 35419 1981 25 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1981 26 11th 11th RB 35419 1981 27 in in IN 35419 1981 28 this this DT 35419 1981 29 list list NN 35419 1981 30 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1981 31 ; ; : 35419 1981 32 shrinkage shrinkage NN 35419 1981 33 , , , 35419 1981 34 6 6 CD 35419 1981 35 per per NN 35419 1981 36 cent cent NN 35419 1981 37 . . . 35419 1982 1 ; ; : 35419 1982 2 warps warps NNP 35419 1982 3 , , , 35419 1982 4 little little JJ 35419 1982 5 ; ; : 35419 1982 6 not not RB 35419 1982 7 durable durable JJ 35419 1982 8 if if IN 35419 1982 9 exposed expose VBN 35419 1982 10 ; ; : 35419 1982 11 rather rather RB 35419 1982 12 hard hard RB 35419 1982 13 to to TO 35419 1982 14 work work VB 35419 1982 15 ; ; : 35419 1982 16 splits split VBZ 35419 1982 17 hard hard RB 35419 1982 18 , , , 35419 1982 19 tough tough JJ 35419 1982 20 . . . 35419 1983 1 COMMON common JJ 35419 1983 2 USES use NNS 35419 1983 3 : : : 35419 1983 4 Dowel Dowel VBN 35419 1983 5 pins pin NNS 35419 1983 6 , , , 35419 1983 7 wooden wooden JJ 35419 1983 8 ware ware NN 35419 1983 9 , , , 35419 1983 10 boats boat NNS 35419 1983 11 and and CC 35419 1983 12 ships ship NNS 35419 1983 13 . . . 35419 1984 1 REMARKS remarks NN 35419 1984 2 : : : 35419 1984 3 The the DT 35419 1984 4 birches birch NNS 35419 1984 5 are be VBP 35419 1984 6 not not RB 35419 1984 7 usually usually RB 35419 1984 8 distinguished distinguish VBN 35419 1984 9 from from IN 35419 1984 10 one one CD 35419 1984 11 another another DT 35419 1984 12 in in IN 35419 1984 13 the the DT 35419 1984 14 market market NN 35419 1984 15 . . . 35419 1985 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1985 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1985 3 : : : 35419 1985 4 Radial Radial NNP 35419 1985 5 Section Section NNP 35419 1985 6 , , , 35419 1985 7 life life NN 35419 1985 8 size size NN 35419 1985 9 . . . 35419 1985 10 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1986 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1986 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1986 3 : : : 35419 1986 4 Cross cross NN 35419 1986 5 - - NN 35419 1986 6 section section NNP 35419 1986 7 , , , 35419 1986 8 magnified magnify VBN 35419 1986 9 37 37 CD 35419 1986 10 - - HYPH 35419 1986 11 1/2 1/2 CD 35419 1986 12 diameters diameter NNS 35419 1986 13 . . . 35419 1986 14 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1987 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1987 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1987 3 : : : 35419 1987 4 Tangential Tangential NNP 35419 1987 5 Section Section NNP 35419 1987 6 , , , 35419 1987 7 life life NN 35419 1987 8 size size NN 35419 1987 9 . . . 35419 1987 10 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1988 1 38 38 CD 35419 1988 2 YELLOW YELLOW NNP 35419 1988 3 BIRCH BIRCH NNS 35419 1988 4 . . . 35419 1989 1 GRAY gray NN 35419 1989 2 BIRCH BIRCH NNS 35419 1989 3 . . . 35419 1990 1 Yellow yellow JJ 35419 1990 2 and and CC 35419 1990 3 gray gray JJ 35419 1990 4 , , , 35419 1990 5 both both DT 35419 1990 6 refer refer VBP 35419 1990 7 to to IN 35419 1990 8 the the DT 35419 1990 9 color color NN 35419 1990 10 of of IN 35419 1990 11 the the DT 35419 1990 12 bark bark NN 35419 1990 13 . . . 35419 1991 1 _ _ NNP 35419 1991 2 Betula Betula NNP 35419 1991 3 lutea lutea JJ 35419 1991 4 _ _ NNP 35419 1991 5 F. F. NNP 35419 1991 6 A. a. NN 35419 1991 7 Michaux Michaux NNP 35419 1991 8 . . . 35419 1992 1 _ _ NNP 35419 1992 2 Betula Betula NNP 35419 1992 3 _ _ NNP 35419 1992 4 , , , 35419 1992 5 the the DT 35419 1992 6 classical classical JJ 35419 1992 7 Latin latin JJ 35419 1992 8 name name NN 35419 1992 9 ; ; : 35419 1992 10 _ _ NNP 35419 1992 11 lutea lutea JJ 35419 1992 12 _ _ NNP 35419 1992 13 refers refer VBZ 35419 1992 14 to to IN 35419 1992 15 the the DT 35419 1992 16 yellow yellow JJ 35419 1992 17 color color NN 35419 1992 18 of of IN 35419 1992 19 the the DT 35419 1992 20 bark bark NN 35419 1992 21 . . . 35419 1993 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1993 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1993 3 : : : 35419 1993 4 Habitat Habitat NNP 35419 1993 5 . . . 35419 1993 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1994 1 HABITAT HABITAT NNP 35419 1994 2 : : : 35419 1994 3 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1994 4 See see VB 35419 1994 5 map map NN 35419 1994 6 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1994 7 ; ; : 35419 1994 8 best well RBS 35419 1994 9 in in IN 35419 1994 10 northern northern JJ 35419 1994 11 New New NNP 35419 1994 12 York York NNP 35419 1994 13 and and CC 35419 1994 14 New New NNP 35419 1994 15 England England NNP 35419 1994 16 . . . 35419 1995 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 1995 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 1995 3 : : : 35419 1995 4 Leaf Leaf NNP 35419 1995 5 . . . 35419 1995 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 1996 1 CHARACTERISTICS characteristic NNS 35419 1996 2 OF of IN 35419 1996 3 THE the DT 35419 1996 4 TREE tree NN 35419 1996 5 : : : 35419 1996 6 Height height NN 35419 1996 7 , , , 35419 1996 8 60'-100 60'-100 CD 35419 1996 9 ' ' POS 35419 1996 10 ; ; : 35419 1996 11 diameter diameter NN 35419 1996 12 , , , 35419 1996 13 3'-4 3'-4 NNP 35419 1996 14 ' ' '' 35419 1996 15 ; ; : 35419 1996 16 branches branch NNS 35419 1996 17 , , , 35419 1996 18 low low JJ 35419 1996 19 ; ; : 35419 1996 20 bark bark NN 35419 1996 21 , , , 35419 1996 22 silvery silvery JJ 35419 1996 23 , , , 35419 1996 24 yellow yellow JJ 35419 1996 25 , , , 35419 1996 26 gray gray JJ 35419 1996 27 , , , 35419 1996 28 peeling peel VBG 35419 1996 29 horizontally horizontally RB 35419 1996 30 into into IN 35419 1996 31 thin thin JJ 35419 1996 32 , , , 35419 1996 33 papery papery NN 35419 1996 34 , , , 35419 1996 35 persistent persistent JJ 35419 1996 36 layers layer NNS 35419 1996 37 , , , 35419 1996 38 but but CC 35419 1996 39 on on IN 35419 1996 40 very very RB 35419 1996 41 old old JJ 35419 1996 42 trunks trunk NNS 35419 1996 43 , , , 35419 1996 44 there there EX 35419 1996 45 are be VBP 35419 1996 46 rough rough JJ 35419 1996 47 , , , 35419 1996 48 irregular irregular JJ 35419 1996 49 , , , 35419 1996 50 plate plate NN 35419 1996 51 - - HYPH 35419 1996 52 like like JJ 35419 1996 53 scales scale NNS 35419 1996 54 ; ; : 35419 1996 55 leaves leave NNS 35419 1996 56 , , , 35419 1996 57 ovate ovate NN 35419 1996 58 , , , 35419 1996 59 sharply sharply RB 35419 1996 60 , , , 35419 1996 61 doubly doubly RB 35419 1996 62 serrate serrate NN 35419 1996 63 ; ; : 35419 1996 64 fruit fruit NN 35419 1996 65 , , , 35419 1996 66 erect erect NN 35419 1996 67 , , , 35419 1996 68 1 1 CD 35419 1996 69 " " `` 35419 1996 70 strobiles strobile NNS 35419 1996 71 . . . 35419 1997 1 APPEARANCE APPEARANCE NNP 35419 1997 2 OF of IN 35419 1997 3 WOOD wood NN 35419 1997 4 : : : 35419 1997 5 Color color NN 35419 1997 6 , , , 35419 1997 7 light light JJ 35419 1997 8 reddish reddish JJ 35419 1997 9 brown brown NN 35419 1997 10 , , , 35419 1997 11 sap sap NN 35419 1997 12 - - HYPH 35419 1997 13 wood wood NN 35419 1997 14 white white NN 35419 1997 15 ; ; : 35419 1997 16 diffuse diffuse NN 35419 1997 17 - - HYPH 35419 1997 18 porous porous JJ 35419 1997 19 ; ; : 35419 1997 20 rings ring NNS 35419 1997 21 , , , 35419 1997 22 obscure obscure JJ 35419 1997 23 ; ; : 35419 1997 24 grain grain NN 35419 1997 25 , , , 35419 1997 26 close close JJ 35419 1997 27 , , , 35419 1997 28 fairly fairly RB 35419 1997 29 straight straight JJ 35419 1997 30 ; ; : 35419 1997 31 rays ray NNS 35419 1997 32 , , , 35419 1997 33 numerous numerous JJ 35419 1997 34 , , , 35419 1997 35 obscure obscure JJ 35419 1997 36 . . . 35419 1998 1 PHYSICAL PHYSICAL NNP 35419 1998 2 QUALITIES quality NNS 35419 1998 3 : : : 35419 1998 4 Heavy heavy JJ 35419 1998 5 ( ( -LRB- 35419 1998 6 21st 21st NN 35419 1998 7 in in IN 35419 1998 8 this this DT 35419 1998 9 list list NN 35419 1998 10 ) ) -RRB- 35419 1998 11 ; ; : 35419 1998 12 40 40 CD 35419 1998 13 lbs lbs NN 35419 1998 14 . . . 35419 1999 1 per per IN 35419 1999 2 cu cu NNP 35419 1999 3 . . . 35419 2000 1 ft ft NNP 35419 2000 2 . . NNP 35419 2000 3 ; ; : 35419 2000 4 sp sp NNP 35419 2000 5 . . . 35419 2001 1 gr gr NNP 35419 2001 2 . . NNP 35419 2001 3 , , , 35419 2001 4 0.6553 0.6553 CD 35419 2001 5 ; ; : 35419 2001 6 very very RB 35419 2001 7 strong strong JJ 35419 2001 8 ( ( -LRB- 35419 2001 9 2nd 2nd JJ 35419 2001 10 in in IN 35419 2001 11 this this DT 35419 2001 12 list list NN 35419 2001 13 ) ) -RRB- 35419 2001 14 ; ; : 35419 2001 15 very very RB 35419 2001 16 elastic elastic JJ 35419 2001 17 ( ( -LRB- 35419 2001 18 2d 2d VBN 35419 2001 19 in in IN 35419 2001 20 this this DT 35419 2001 21 list list NN 35419 2001 22 ) ) -RRB- 35419 2001 23 ; ; : 35419 2001 24 medium medium NNP 35419 2001 25 hard hard RB 35419 2001 26 ( ( -LRB- 35419 2001 27 22d 22d NNS 35419 2001 28 in in IN 35419 2001 29 this this DT 35419 2001 30 list list NN 35419 2001 31 ) ) -RRB- 35419 2001 32 ; ; : 35419 2001 33 shrinkage shrinkage NN 35419 2001 34 , , , 35419 2001 35 6 6 CD 35419 2001 36 per per NN 35419 2001 37 cent cent NN 35419 2001 38 . . . 35419 2002 1 ; ; : 35419 2002 2 warps warps NNP 35419 2002 3 ......... ......... NFP 35419 2002 4 ; ; : 35419 2002 5 not not RB 35419 2002 6 durable durable JJ 35419 2002 7 ; ; : 35419 2002 8 rather rather RB 35419 2002 9 hard hard JJ 35419 2002 10 to to TO 35419 2002 11 work work VB 35419 2002 12 , , , 35419 2002 13 polishes polish VBZ 35419 2002 14 well well RB 35419 2002 15 ; ; : 35419 2002 16 splits split NNS 35419 2002 17 with with IN 35419 2002 18 difficulty difficulty NN 35419 2002 19 , , , 35419 2002 20 holds hold VBZ 35419 2002 21 nails nail NNS 35419 2002 22 well well RB 35419 2002 23 . . . 35419 2003 1 COMMON common JJ 35419 2003 2 USES use NNS 35419 2003 3 : : : 35419 2003 4 Furniture furniture NN 35419 2003 5 , , , 35419 2003 6 spools spool NNS 35419 2003 7 , , , 35419 2003 8 button button NN 35419 2003 9 molds mold NNS 35419 2003 10 , , , 35419 2003 11 shoe shoe NN 35419 2003 12 lasts last VBZ 35419 2003 13 , , , 35419 2003 14 shoe shoe NN 35419 2003 15 pegs pegs NNP 35419 2003 16 , , , 35419 2003 17 pill pill NN 35419 2003 18 boxes box NNS 35419 2003 19 , , , 35419 2003 20 yokes yoke NNS 35419 2003 21 . . . 35419 2004 1 REMARKS remarks NN 35419 2004 2 : : : 35419 2004 3 The the DT 35419 2004 4 birches birch NNS 35419 2004 5 are be VBP 35419 2004 6 not not RB 35419 2004 7 usually usually RB 35419 2004 8 distinguished distinguish VBN 35419 2004 9 from from IN 35419 2004 10 one one CD 35419 2004 11 another another DT 35419 2004 12 in in IN 35419 2004 13 the the DT 35419 2004 14 market market NN 35419 2004 15 . . . 35419 2005 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 2005 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 2005 3 : : : 35419 2005 4 Radial Radial NNP 35419 2005 5 Section Section NNP 35419 2005 6 , , , 35419 2005 7 life life NN 35419 2005 8 size size NN 35419 2005 9 . . . 35419 2005 10 ] ] -RRB- 35419 2006 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 2006 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 2006 3 : : : 35419 2006 4 Cross cross NN 35419 2006 5 - - NN 35419 2006 6 section section NNP 35419 2006 7 , , , 35419 2006 8 magnified magnify VBN 35419 2006 9 37 37 CD 35419 2006 10 - - HYPH 35419 2006 11 1/2 1/2 CD 35419 2006 12 diameters diameter NNS 35419 2006 13 . . . 35419 2006 14 ] ] -RRB- 35419 2007 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 2007 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 2007 3 : : : 35419 2007 4 Tangential Tangential NNP 35419 2007 5 Section Section NNP 35419 2007 6 , , , 35419 2007 7 life life NN 35419 2007 8 size size NN 35419 2007 9 . . . 35419 2007 10 ] ] -RRB- 35419 2008 1 39 39 CD 35419 2008 2 BEECH BEECH NNP 35419 2008 3 . . . 35419 2009 1 _ _ NNP 35419 2009 2 Fagus Fagus NNP 35419 2009 3 grandifolia grandifolia NNP 35419 2009 4 _ _ NNP 35419 2009 5 Ehrhart Ehrhart NNP 35419 2009 6 . . . 35419 2010 1 _ _ NNP 35419 2010 2 Fagus Fagus NNP 35419 2010 3 americana americana NNS 35419 2010 4 _ _ NNP 35419 2010 5 Sweet Sweet NNP 35419 2010 6 . . . 35419 2011 1 _ _ NNP 35419 2011 2 Fagus Fagus NNP 35419 2011 3 ferruginea ferruginea NN 35419 2011 4 _ _ NNP 35419 2011 5 Aiton Aiton NNP 35419 2011 6 . . . 35419 2012 1 _ _ NNP 35419 2012 2 Fagus Fagus NNP 35419 2012 3 atropunicea atropunicea NNP 35419 2012 4 _ _ NNP 35419 2012 5 ( ( -LRB- 35419 2012 6 Marshall Marshall NNP 35419 2012 7 ) ) -RRB- 35419 2012 8 Sudworth Sudworth NNP 35419 2012 9 . . . 35419 2013 1 _ _ NNP 35419 2013 2 Fagus Fagus NNP 35419 2013 3 _ _ NNP 35419 2013 4 ( ( -LRB- 35419 2013 5 Greek Greek NNP 35419 2013 6 _ _ NNP 35419 2013 7 phago phago JJ 35419 2013 8 _ _ NNP 35419 2013 9 means mean VBZ 35419 2013 10 to to TO 35419 2013 11 eat eat VB 35419 2013 12 ) ) -RRB- 35419 2013 13 , , , 35419 2013 14 refers refer VBZ 35419 2013 15 to to IN 35419 2013 16 edible edible JJ 35419 2013 17 nut nut NN 35419 2013 18 ; ; : 35419 2013 19 _ _ NNP 35419 2013 20 ferruginea ferruginea NNP 35419 2013 21 _ _ NNP 35419 2013 22 , , , 35419 2013 23 refers refer VBZ 35419 2013 24 to to IN 35419 2013 25 the the DT 35419 2013 26 iron iron NN 35419 2013 27 rust rust NN 35419 2013 28 color color NN 35419 2013 29 of of IN 35419 2013 30 the the DT 35419 2013 31 leaves leave NNS 35419 2013 32 in in IN 35419 2013 33 the the DT 35419 2013 34 fall fall NN 35419 2013 35 ; ; : 35419 2013 36 _ _ NNP 35419 2013 37 atropunicea atropunicea NNP 35419 2013 38 _ _ NNP 35419 2013 39 , , , 35419 2013 40 meaning mean VBG 35419 2013 41 dark dark JJ 35419 2013 42 red red JJ 35419 2013 43 or or CC 35419 2013 44 purple purple JJ 35419 2013 45 , , , 35419 2013 46 may may MD 35419 2013 47 refer refer VB 35419 2013 48 to to IN 35419 2013 49 the the DT 35419 2013 50 color color NN 35419 2013 51 of of IN 35419 2013 52 the the DT 35419 2013 53 leaves leave NNS 35419 2013 54 of of IN 35419 2013 55 the the DT 35419 2013 56 copper copper NN 35419 2013 57 beech beech NN 35419 2013 58 . . . 35419 2014 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 2014 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 2014 3 : : : 35419 2014 4 Habitat Habitat NNP 35419 2014 5 . . . 35419 2014 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 2015 1 HABITAT HABITAT NNP 35419 2015 2 : : : 35419 2015 3 ( ( -LRB- 35419 2015 4 See see VB 35419 2015 5 map map NN 35419 2015 6 ) ) -RRB- 35419 2015 7 ; ; : 35419 2015 8 best well RBS 35419 2015 9 in in IN 35419 2015 10 southern southern JJ 35419 2015 11 Alleghany Alleghany NNP 35419 2015 12 Mountains Mountains NNPS 35419 2015 13 and and CC 35419 2015 14 lower low JJR 35419 2015 15 Ohio Ohio NNP 35419 2015 16 valley valley NN 35419 2015 17 . . . 35419 2016 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 2016 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 2016 3 : : : 35419 2016 4 Leaf Leaf NNP 35419 2016 5 . . . 35419 2016 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 2017 1 CHARACTERISTICS characteristic NNS 35419 2017 2 OF of IN 35419 2017 3 THE the DT 35419 2017 4 TREE tree NN 35419 2017 5 : : : 35419 2017 6 Height Height NNP 35419 2017 7 , , , 35419 2017 8 70'-80 70'-80 NNP 35419 2017 9 ' ' POS 35419 2017 10 and and CC 35419 2017 11 even even RB 35419 2017 12 120 120 CD 35419 2017 13 ' ' POS 35419 2017 14 ; ; : 35419 2017 15 diameter diameter NN 35419 2017 16 , , , 35419 2017 17 3'-4 3'-4 NNP 35419 2017 18 ' ' '' 35419 2017 19 ; ; : 35419 2017 20 in in IN 35419 2017 21 forest forest NN 35419 2017 22 , , , 35419 2017 23 trunk trunk NN 35419 2017 24 tall tall NNP 35419 2017 25 , , , 35419 2017 26 slender slender NN 35419 2017 27 , , , 35419 2017 28 sinewy sinewy NN 35419 2017 29 ; ; : 35419 2017 30 bark bark NN 35419 2017 31 , , , 35419 2017 32 smooth smooth JJ 35419 2017 33 , , , 35419 2017 34 ashy ashy JJ 35419 2017 35 gray gray JJ 35419 2017 36 ; ; : 35419 2017 37 leaves leave NNS 35419 2017 38 , , , 35419 2017 39 feather feather NN 35419 2017 40 - - HYPH 35419 2017 41 veined vein VBN 35419 2017 42 , , , 35419 2017 43 wedge wedge NN 35419 2017 44 - - HYPH 35419 2017 45 shaped shape VBN 35419 2017 46 , , , 35419 2017 47 serrate serrate NN 35419 2017 48 ; ; : 35419 2017 49 leaf leaf NN 35419 2017 50 buds bud NNS 35419 2017 51 , , , 35419 2017 52 long long RB 35419 2017 53 , , , 35419 2017 54 pointed pointed JJ 35419 2017 55 ; ; : 35419 2017 56 fruit fruit NN 35419 2017 57 , , , 35419 2017 58 2 2 CD 35419 2017 59 small small JJ 35419 2017 60 triangular triangular JJ 35419 2017 61 nuts nut NNS 35419 2017 62 , , , 35419 2017 63 enclosed enclose VBN 35419 2017 64 in in IN 35419 2017 65 burr burr NNP 35419 2017 66 , , , 35419 2017 67 seeds seed VBZ 35419 2017 68 about about RB 35419 2017 69 once once RB 35419 2017 70 in in IN 35419 2017 71 3 3 CD 35419 2017 72 years year NNS 35419 2017 73 . . . 35419 2018 1 APPEARANCE APPEARANCE NNP 35419 2018 2 OF of IN 35419 2018 3 WOOD wood NN 35419 2018 4 : : : 35419 2018 5 Color color NN 35419 2018 6 , , , 35419 2018 7 reddish reddish JJ 35419 2018 8 , , , 35419 2018 9 variable variable JJ 35419 2018 10 , , , 35419 2018 11 sap sap NN 35419 2018 12 - - HYPH 35419 2018 13 wood wood NN 35419 2018 14 white white NN 35419 2018 15 ; ; : 35419 2018 16 diffuse diffuse NN 35419 2018 17 - - HYPH 35419 2018 18 porous porous JJ 35419 2018 19 ; ; : 35419 2018 20 rings ring NNS 35419 2018 21 , , , 35419 2018 22 obscure obscure JJ 35419 2018 23 ; ; : 35419 2018 24 grain grain NN 35419 2018 25 , , , 35419 2018 26 straight straight JJ 35419 2018 27 ; ; : 35419 2018 28 rays ray NNS 35419 2018 29 , , , 35419 2018 30 broad broad JJ 35419 2018 31 , , , 35419 2018 32 very very RB 35419 2018 33 conspicuous conspicuous JJ 35419 2018 34 . . . 35419 2019 1 PHYSICAL PHYSICAL NNP 35419 2019 2 QUALITIES quality NNS 35419 2019 3 : : : 35419 2019 4 Heavy heavy JJ 35419 2019 5 ( ( -LRB- 35419 2019 6 20th 20th JJ 35419 2019 7 in in IN 35419 2019 8 this this DT 35419 2019 9 list list NN 35419 2019 10 ) ) -RRB- 35419 2019 11 ; ; : 35419 2019 12 42 42 CD 35419 2019 13 lbs lb NNS 35419 2019 14 . . . 35419 2020 1 per per IN 35419 2020 2 cu cu NNP 35419 2020 3 . . . 35419 2021 1 ft ft NNP 35419 2021 2 . . NNP 35419 2021 3 ; ; : 35419 2021 4 sp sp NNP 35419 2021 5 . . . 35419 2022 1 gr gr NNP 35419 2022 2 . . NNP 35419 2022 3 , , , 35419 2022 4 0.6883 0.6883 CD 35419 2022 5 ; ; : 35419 2022 6 very very RB 35419 2022 7 strong strong JJ 35419 2022 8 ( ( -LRB- 35419 2022 9 10th 10th JJ 35419 2022 10 in in IN 35419 2022 11 this this DT 35419 2022 12 list list NN 35419 2022 13 ) ) -RRB- 35419 2022 14 ; ; , 35419 2022 15 elastic elastic JJ 35419 2022 16 ( ( -LRB- 35419 2022 17 13th 13th NN 35419 2022 18 in in IN 35419 2022 19 this this DT 35419 2022 20 list list NN 35419 2022 21 ) ) -RRB- 35419 2022 22 ; ; : 35419 2022 23 hard hard JJ 35419 2022 24 ( ( -LRB- 35419 2022 25 22d 22d NNS 35419 2022 26 in in IN 35419 2022 27 this this DT 35419 2022 28 list list NN 35419 2022 29 ) ) -RRB- 35419 2022 30 ; ; : 35419 2022 31 shrinkage shrinkage NN 35419 2022 32 , , , 35419 2022 33 5 5 CD 35419 2022 34 per per NN 35419 2022 35 cent cent NN 35419 2022 36 . . . 35419 2023 1 ; ; : 35419 2023 2 warps warps NN 35419 2023 3 and and CC 35419 2023 4 checks check NNS 35419 2023 5 during during IN 35419 2023 6 seasoning seasoning NN 35419 2023 7 ; ; : 35419 2023 8 not not RB 35419 2023 9 durable durable JJ 35419 2023 10 ; ; : 35419 2023 11 hard hard JJ 35419 2023 12 to to TO 35419 2023 13 work work VB 35419 2023 14 , , , 35419 2023 15 takes take VBZ 35419 2023 16 fine fine JJ 35419 2023 17 polish polish NN 35419 2023 18 ; ; : 35419 2023 19 splits split NNS 35419 2023 20 with with IN 35419 2023 21 difficulty difficulty NN 35419 2023 22 , , , 35419 2023 23 hard hard RB 35419 2023 24 to to TO 35419 2023 25 nail nail VB 35419 2023 26 . . . 35419 2024 1 COMMON common JJ 35419 2024 2 USES use NNS 35419 2024 3 : : : 35419 2024 4 Plane plane NN 35419 2024 5 stocks stock NNS 35419 2024 6 , , , 35419 2024 7 shoe shoe NN 35419 2024 8 lasts last VBZ 35419 2024 9 , , , 35419 2024 10 tool tool NN 35419 2024 11 handles handle NNS 35419 2024 12 , , , 35419 2024 13 chairs chair NNS 35419 2024 14 . . . 35419 2025 1 REMARKS remarks NN 35419 2025 2 : : : 35419 2025 3 Often often RB 35419 2025 4 forms form NNS 35419 2025 5 pure pure JJ 35419 2025 6 forests forest NNS 35419 2025 7 . . . 35419 2026 1 Uses use VBZ 35419 2026 2 due due JJ 35419 2026 3 to to IN 35419 2026 4 its -PRON- PRP$ 35419 2026 5 hardness hardness NN 35419 2026 6 . . . 35419 2027 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 2027 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 2027 3 : : : 35419 2027 4 Radial Radial NNP 35419 2027 5 Section Section NNP 35419 2027 6 , , , 35419 2027 7 life life NN 35419 2027 8 size size NN 35419 2027 9 . . . 35419 2027 10 ] ] -RRB- 35419 2028 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 2028 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 2028 3 : : : 35419 2028 4 Cross cross NN 35419 2028 5 - - NN 35419 2028 6 section section NNP 35419 2028 7 , , , 35419 2028 8 magnified magnify VBN 35419 2028 9 37 37 CD 35419 2028 10 - - HYPH 35419 2028 11 1/2 1/2 CD 35419 2028 12 diameters diameter NNS 35419 2028 13 ] ] -RRB- 35419 2028 14 . . . 35419 2029 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 2029 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 2029 3 : : : 35419 2029 4 Tangential Tangential NNP 35419 2029 5 Section Section NNP 35419 2029 6 , , , 35419 2029 7 life life NN 35419 2029 8 size size NN 35419 2029 9 . . . 35419 2029 10 ] ] -RRB- 35419 2030 1 40 40 CD 35419 2030 2 CHESTNUT CHESTNUT NNS 35419 2030 3 . . . 35419 2031 1 _ _ NNP 35419 2031 2 Castanea Castanea NNP 35419 2031 3 dentata dentata NN 35419 2031 4 _ _ NNP 35419 2031 5 ( ( -LRB- 35419 2031 6 Marshall Marshall NNP 35419 2031 7 ) ) -RRB- 35419 2031 8 Borkhausen Borkhausen NNP 35419 2031 9 . . . 35419 2032 1 _ _ NNP 35419 2032 2 Castanea Castanea NNP 35419 2032 3 _ _ NNP 35419 2032 4 , , , 35419 2032 5 the the DT 35419 2032 6 classical classical JJ 35419 2032 7 Greek Greek NNP 35419 2032 8 and and CC 35419 2032 9 Latin latin JJ 35419 2032 10 name name NN 35419 2032 11 ; ; : 35419 2032 12 _ _ NNP 35419 2032 13 dentata dentata NN 35419 2032 14 _ _ NNP 35419 2032 15 , , , 35419 2032 16 refers refer VBZ 35419 2032 17 to to IN 35419 2032 18 toothed toothed JJ 35419 2032 19 leaf leaf NN 35419 2032 20 . . . 35419 2033 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 2033 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 2033 3 : : : 35419 2033 4 Habitat Habitat NNP 35419 2033 5 . . . 35419 2033 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 2034 1 HABITAT HABITAT NNP 35419 2034 2 : : : 35419 2034 3 ( ( -LRB- 35419 2034 4 See see VB 35419 2034 5 map map NN 35419 2034 6 ) ) -RRB- 35419 2034 7 ; ; : 35419 2034 8 best well RBS 35419 2034 9 in in IN 35419 2034 10 western western JJ 35419 2034 11 North North NNP 35419 2034 12 Carolina Carolina NNP 35419 2034 13 , , , 35419 2034 14 and and CC 35419 2034 15 eastern eastern JJ 35419 2034 16 Tennessee Tennessee NNP 35419 2034 17 . . . 35419 2035 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 2035 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 2035 3 : : : 35419 2035 4 Leaf Leaf NNP 35419 2035 5 . . . 35419 2035 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 2036 1 CHARACTERISTICS characteristic NNS 35419 2036 2 OF of IN 35419 2036 3 THE the DT 35419 2036 4 TREE tree NN 35419 2036 5 : : : 35419 2036 6 Height height NN 35419 2036 7 , , , 35419 2036 8 75'-100 75'-100 CD 35419 2036 9 ' ' POS 35419 2036 10 ; ; : 35419 2036 11 diameter diameter NN 35419 2036 12 , , , 35419 2036 13 3'-4 3'-4 NNP 35419 2036 14 ' ' POS 35419 2036 15 , , , 35419 2036 16 and and CC 35419 2036 17 even even RB 35419 2036 18 12 12 CD 35419 2036 19 ' ' NNS 35419 2036 20 ; ; : 35419 2036 21 branches branch NNS 35419 2036 22 , , , 35419 2036 23 low low JJ 35419 2036 24 ; ; : 35419 2036 25 bark bark NN 35419 2036 26 , , , 35419 2036 27 thick thick JJ 35419 2036 28 , , , 35419 2036 29 shallow shallow JJ 35419 2036 30 , , , 35419 2036 31 irregular irregular JJ 35419 2036 32 , , , 35419 2036 33 fissures fissure NNS 35419 2036 34 , , , 35419 2036 35 broad broad JJ 35419 2036 36 , , , 35419 2036 37 grayish grayish NNP 35419 2036 38 brown brown JJ 35419 2036 39 ridges ridge NNS 35419 2036 40 ; ; : 35419 2036 41 leaves leave NNS 35419 2036 42 , , , 35419 2036 43 lanceolate lanceolate NN 35419 2036 44 , , , 35419 2036 45 coarsely coarsely RB 35419 2036 46 serrate serrate JJ 35419 2036 47 , , , 35419 2036 48 midribs midribs NN 35419 2036 49 and and CC 35419 2036 50 veins vein VBZ 35419 2036 51 prominent prominent JJ 35419 2036 52 ; ; : 35419 2036 53 fruit fruit NN 35419 2036 54 , , , 35419 2036 55 nuts nut NNS 35419 2036 56 , , , 35419 2036 57 thin thin JJ 35419 2036 58 - - HYPH 35419 2036 59 shelled shelled JJ 35419 2036 60 , , , 35419 2036 61 sweet sweet JJ 35419 2036 62 , , , 35419 2036 63 enclosed enclose VBN 35419 2036 64 in in IN 35419 2036 65 prickly prickly JJ 35419 2036 66 burrs burr NNS 35419 2036 67 . . . 35419 2037 1 APPEARANCE APPEARANCE NNP 35419 2037 2 OF of IN 35419 2037 3 WOOD wood NN 35419 2037 4 : : : 35419 2037 5 Color color NN 35419 2037 6 , , , 35419 2037 7 reddish reddish JJ 35419 2037 8 brown brown NN 35419 2037 9 , , , 35419 2037 10 sap sap NN 35419 2037 11 - - HYPH 35419 2037 12 wood wood NN 35419 2037 13 lighter lighter NN 35419 2037 14 ; ; : 35419 2037 15 ring re VBG 35419 2037 16 - - HYPH 35419 2037 17 porous porous JJ 35419 2037 18 ; ; : 35419 2037 19 rings ring NNS 35419 2037 20 , , , 35419 2037 21 plain plain JJ 35419 2037 22 , , , 35419 2037 23 pores pore VBZ 35419 2037 24 large large JJ 35419 2037 25 ; ; : 35419 2037 26 grain grain NN 35419 2037 27 , , , 35419 2037 28 straight straight JJ 35419 2037 29 ; ; : 35419 2037 30 rays ray NNS 35419 2037 31 , , , 35419 2037 32 numerous numerous JJ 35419 2037 33 , , , 35419 2037 34 obscure obscure JJ 35419 2037 35 . . . 35419 2038 1 PHYSICAL physical NN 35419 2038 2 QUALITIES quality NNS 35419 2038 3 : : : 35419 2038 4 Weight weight NN 35419 2038 5 , , , 35419 2038 6 light light NN 35419 2038 7 ( ( -LRB- 35419 2038 8 50th 50th JJ 35419 2038 9 in in IN 35419 2038 10 this this DT 35419 2038 11 list list NN 35419 2038 12 ) ) -RRB- 35419 2038 13 ; ; : 35419 2038 14 28 28 CD 35419 2038 15 lbs lbs NN 35419 2038 16 . . . 35419 2039 1 per per IN 35419 2039 2 cu cu NNP 35419 2039 3 . . . 35419 2040 1 ft ft NNP 35419 2040 2 . . NNP 35419 2040 3 ; ; : 35419 2040 4 sp sp NNP 35419 2040 5 . . . 35419 2041 1 gr gr NNP 35419 2041 2 . . NNP 35419 2041 3 , , , 35419 2041 4 0.4504 0.4504 CD 35419 2041 5 ; ; : 35419 2041 6 medium medium NN 35419 2041 7 strong strong JJ 35419 2041 8 ( ( -LRB- 35419 2041 9 46th 46th NN 35419 2041 10 in in IN 35419 2041 11 this this DT 35419 2041 12 list list NN 35419 2041 13 ) ) -RRB- 35419 2041 14 ; ; : 35419 2041 15 elasticity elasticity NN 35419 2041 16 , , , 35419 2041 17 medium medium NNP 35419 2041 18 ( ( -LRB- 35419 2041 19 46th 46th NN 35419 2041 20 in in IN 35419 2041 21 this this DT 35419 2041 22 list list NN 35419 2041 23 ) ) -RRB- 35419 2041 24 ; ; : 35419 2041 25 medium medium NNP 35419 2041 26 hard hard RB 35419 2041 27 ( ( -LRB- 35419 2041 28 44th 44th JJ 35419 2041 29 in in IN 35419 2041 30 this this DT 35419 2041 31 list list NN 35419 2041 32 ) ) -RRB- 35419 2041 33 ; ; : 35419 2041 34 shrinkage shrinkage NN 35419 2041 35 , , , 35419 2041 36 6 6 CD 35419 2041 37 per per NN 35419 2041 38 cent cent NN 35419 2041 39 . . . 35419 2042 1 ; ; : 35419 2042 2 warps warps NNP 35419 2042 3 badly badly RB 35419 2042 4 ; ; : 35419 2042 5 very very RB 35419 2042 6 durable durable JJ 35419 2042 7 , , , 35419 2042 8 especially especially RB 35419 2042 9 in in IN 35419 2042 10 contact contact NN 35419 2042 11 with with IN 35419 2042 12 soil soil NN 35419 2042 13 , , , 35419 2042 14 fairly fairly RB 35419 2042 15 easy easy JJ 35419 2042 16 to to IN 35419 2042 17 plane plane NN 35419 2042 18 , , , 35419 2042 19 chisel chisel NN 35419 2042 20 and and CC 35419 2042 21 saw see VBD 35419 2042 22 ; ; : 35419 2042 23 splits split VBZ 35419 2042 24 easily easily RB 35419 2042 25 . . . 35419 2043 1 COMMON common JJ 35419 2043 2 USES use NNS 35419 2043 3 : : : 35419 2043 4 Railway railway NN 35419 2043 5 ties tie NNS 35419 2043 6 , , , 35419 2043 7 fence fence NN 35419 2043 8 posts post NNS 35419 2043 9 , , , 35419 2043 10 interior interior JJ 35419 2043 11 finish finish NN 35419 2043 12 . . . 35419 2044 1 REMARKS remarks NN 35419 2044 2 : : : 35419 2044 3 Grows grow VBZ 35419 2044 4 rapidly rapidly RB 35419 2044 5 , , , 35419 2044 6 and and CC 35419 2044 7 lives live VBZ 35419 2044 8 to to IN 35419 2044 9 great great JJ 35419 2044 10 age age NN 35419 2044 11 . . . 35419 2045 1 Wood wood NN 35419 2045 2 contains contain VBZ 35419 2045 3 much much JJ 35419 2045 4 tannic tannic JJ 35419 2045 5 acid acid NN 35419 2045 6 . . . 35419 2046 1 Uses use NNS 35419 2046 2 depend depend VBP 35419 2046 3 largely largely RB 35419 2046 4 upon upon IN 35419 2046 5 its -PRON- PRP$ 35419 2046 6 durability durability NN 35419 2046 7 . . . 35419 2047 1 Lately lately RB 35419 2047 2 whole whole JJ 35419 2047 3 regions region NNS 35419 2047 4 depleted deplete VBN 35419 2047 5 by by IN 35419 2047 6 fungous fungous JJ 35419 2047 7 pest pest NN 35419 2047 8 . . . 35419 2048 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 2048 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 2048 3 : : : 35419 2048 4 Radial Radial NNP 35419 2048 5 Section Section NNP 35419 2048 6 , , , 35419 2048 7 life life NN 35419 2048 8 size size NN 35419 2048 9 . . . 35419 2048 10 ] ] -RRB- 35419 2049 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 2049 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 2049 3 : : : 35419 2049 4 Cross cross NN 35419 2049 5 - - NN 35419 2049 6 section section NNP 35419 2049 7 , , , 35419 2049 8 magnified magnify VBN 35419 2049 9 37 37 CD 35419 2049 10 - - HYPH 35419 2049 11 1/2 1/2 CD 35419 2049 12 diameters diameter NNS 35419 2049 13 . . . 35419 2049 14 ] ] -RRB- 35419 2050 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 2050 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 2050 3 : : : 35419 2050 4 Tangential Tangential NNP 35419 2050 5 Section Section NNP 35419 2050 6 , , , 35419 2050 7 life life NN 35419 2050 8 size size NN 35419 2050 9 . . . 35419 2050 10 ] ] -RRB- 35419 2051 1 41 41 CD 35419 2051 2 RED RED NNP 35419 2051 3 OAK OAK NNP 35419 2051 4 . . . 35419 2052 1 _ _ NNP 35419 2052 2 Quercus Quercus NNP 35419 2052 3 rubra rubra RB 35419 2052 4 _ _ NNP 35419 2052 5 Linnaeus Linnaeus NNP 35419 2052 6 . . . 35419 2053 1 _ _ NNP 35419 2053 2 Quercus Quercus NNP 35419 2053 3 _ _ NNP 35419 2053 4 , , , 35419 2053 5 the the DT 35419 2053 6 classical classical JJ 35419 2053 7 Latin latin JJ 35419 2053 8 name name NN 35419 2053 9 ; ; : 35419 2053 10 _ _ NNP 35419 2053 11 rubra rubra NNP 35419 2053 12 _ _ NNP 35419 2053 13 , , , 35419 2053 14 refers refer VBZ 35419 2053 15 to to IN 35419 2053 16 red red JJ 35419 2053 17 color color NN 35419 2053 18 of of IN 35419 2053 19 wood wood NN 35419 2053 20 . . . 35419 2054 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 2054 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 2054 3 : : : 35419 2054 4 Habitat Habitat NNP 35419 2054 5 . . . 35419 2054 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 2055 1 HABITAT HABITAT NNP 35419 2055 2 : : : 35419 2055 3 ( ( -LRB- 35419 2055 4 See see VB 35419 2055 5 map map NN 35419 2055 6 ) ) -RRB- 35419 2055 7 ; ; : 35419 2055 8 best well RBS 35419 2055 9 in in IN 35419 2055 10 Massachusetts Massachusetts NNP 35419 2055 11 and and CC 35419 2055 12 north north NN 35419 2055 13 of of IN 35419 2055 14 the the DT 35419 2055 15 Ohio Ohio NNP 35419 2055 16 river river NN 35419 2055 17 . . . 35419 2056 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 2056 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 2056 3 : : : 35419 2056 4 Leaf Leaf NNP 35419 2056 5 . . . 35419 2056 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 2057 1 CHARACTERISTICS characteristic NNS 35419 2057 2 OF of IN 35419 2057 3 THE the DT 35419 2057 4 TREE tree NN 35419 2057 5 : : : 35419 2057 6 Height height NN 35419 2057 7 , , , 35419 2057 8 70'-100 70'-100 CD 35419 2057 9 ' ' POS 35419 2057 10 , , , 35419 2057 11 even even RB 35419 2057 12 150 150 CD 35419 2057 13 ' ' POS 35419 2057 14 ; ; : 35419 2057 15 diameter diameter NN 35419 2057 16 , , , 35419 2057 17 3'-6 3'-6 NNP 35419 2057 18 ' ' '' 35419 2057 19 ; ; : 35419 2057 20 a a DT 35419 2057 21 tall tall JJ 35419 2057 22 , , , 35419 2057 23 handsome handsome JJ 35419 2057 24 tree tree NN 35419 2057 25 , , , 35419 2057 26 branches branch NNS 35419 2057 27 rather rather RB 35419 2057 28 low low JJ 35419 2057 29 ; ; : 35419 2057 30 bark bark NN 35419 2057 31 , , , 35419 2057 32 brownish brownish NNP 35419 2057 33 gray gray NNP 35419 2057 34 , , , 35419 2057 35 broad broad JJ 35419 2057 36 , , , 35419 2057 37 thin thin JJ 35419 2057 38 , , , 35419 2057 39 rounded rounded JJ 35419 2057 40 ridges ridge NNS 35419 2057 41 , , , 35419 2057 42 rather rather RB 35419 2057 43 smooth smooth JJ 35419 2057 44 ; ; : 35419 2057 45 leaves leave NNS 35419 2057 46 , , , 35419 2057 47 7 7 CD 35419 2057 48 to to TO 35419 2057 49 9 9 CD 35419 2057 50 triangular triangular JJ 35419 2057 51 pointed pointed JJ 35419 2057 52 lobes lobe NNS 35419 2057 53 , , , 35419 2057 54 with with IN 35419 2057 55 rounded rounded JJ 35419 2057 56 sinuses sinus NNS 35419 2057 57 ; ; , 35419 2057 58 acorns acorn NNS 35419 2057 59 , , , 35419 2057 60 characteristically characteristically RB 35419 2057 61 large large JJ 35419 2057 62 , , , 35419 2057 63 in in IN 35419 2057 64 flat flat JJ 35419 2057 65 shallow shallow JJ 35419 2057 66 cups cup NNS 35419 2057 67 . . . 35419 2058 1 APPEARANCE APPEARANCE NNP 35419 2058 2 OF of IN 35419 2058 3 WOOD wood NN 35419 2058 4 : : : 35419 2058 5 Color color NN 35419 2058 6 , , , 35419 2058 7 reddish reddish JJ 35419 2058 8 brown brown NN 35419 2058 9 , , , 35419 2058 10 sap sap NN 35419 2058 11 - - HYPH 35419 2058 12 wood wood NN 35419 2058 13 darker darker NN 35419 2058 14 ; ; : 35419 2058 15 ring re VBG 35419 2058 16 - - HYPH 35419 2058 17 porous porous JJ 35419 2058 18 ; ; : 35419 2058 19 rings ring NNS 35419 2058 20 , , , 35419 2058 21 marked mark VBN 35419 2058 22 by by IN 35419 2058 23 several several JJ 35419 2058 24 rows row NNS 35419 2058 25 of of IN 35419 2058 26 very very RB 35419 2058 27 large large JJ 35419 2058 28 open open JJ 35419 2058 29 ducts duct NNS 35419 2058 30 ; ; : 35419 2058 31 grain grain NN 35419 2058 32 , , , 35419 2058 33 crooked crooked JJ 35419 2058 34 , , , 35419 2058 35 coarse coarse JJ 35419 2058 36 ; ; : 35419 2058 37 rays ray NNS 35419 2058 38 , , , 35419 2058 39 few few JJ 35419 2058 40 , , , 35419 2058 41 but but CC 35419 2058 42 broad broad JJ 35419 2058 43 , , , 35419 2058 44 conspicuous conspicuous JJ 35419 2058 45 . . . 35419 2059 1 PHYSICAL PHYSICAL NNP 35419 2059 2 QUALITIES quality NNS 35419 2059 3 : : : 35419 2059 4 Heavy heavy JJ 35419 2059 5 ( ( -LRB- 35419 2059 6 23d 23d NNS 35419 2059 7 in in IN 35419 2059 8 this this DT 35419 2059 9 list list NN 35419 2059 10 ) ) -RRB- 35419 2059 11 ; ; : 35419 2059 12 45 45 CD 35419 2059 13 lbs lbs NN 35419 2059 14 . . . 35419 2060 1 per per IN 35419 2060 2 cu cu NNP 35419 2060 3 . . . 35419 2061 1 ft ft NNP 35419 2061 2 . . NNP 35419 2061 3 ; ; : 35419 2061 4 sp sp NNP 35419 2061 5 . . . 35419 2062 1 gr gr NNP 35419 2062 2 . . NNP 35419 2062 3 , , , 35419 2062 4 0.6540 0.6540 NNP 35419 2062 5 ; ; : 35419 2062 6 strong strong JJ 35419 2062 7 ( ( -LRB- 35419 2062 8 21st 21st NN 35419 2062 9 in in IN 35419 2062 10 this this DT 35419 2062 11 list list NN 35419 2062 12 ) ) -RRB- 35419 2062 13 ; ; , 35419 2062 14 elastic elastic JJ 35419 2062 15 ( ( -LRB- 35419 2062 16 18th 18th NN 35419 2062 17 in in IN 35419 2062 18 this this DT 35419 2062 19 list list NN 35419 2062 20 ) ) -RRB- 35419 2062 21 ; ; : 35419 2062 22 hard hard JJ 35419 2062 23 ( ( -LRB- 35419 2062 24 26th 26th NN 35419 2062 25 in in IN 35419 2062 26 this this DT 35419 2062 27 list list NN 35419 2062 28 ) ) -RRB- 35419 2062 29 ; ; : 35419 2062 30 shrinkage shrinkage NN 35419 2062 31 6 6 CD 35419 2062 32 to to TO 35419 2062 33 10 10 CD 35419 2062 34 per per NN 35419 2062 35 cent cent NN 35419 2062 36 . . . 35419 2063 1 ; ; : 35419 2063 2 warps warp NNS 35419 2063 3 and and CC 35419 2063 4 checks check NNS 35419 2063 5 badly badly RB 35419 2063 6 ; ; : 35419 2063 7 moderately moderately RB 35419 2063 8 durable durable JJ 35419 2063 9 ; ; : 35419 2063 10 easier easy JJR 35419 2063 11 to to TO 35419 2063 12 work work VB 35419 2063 13 than than IN 35419 2063 14 white white NNP 35419 2063 15 oak oak NNP 35419 2063 16 ; ; : 35419 2063 17 splits split VBZ 35419 2063 18 readily readily RB 35419 2063 19 , , , 35419 2063 20 nails nail NNS 35419 2063 21 badly badly RB 35419 2063 22 . . . 35419 2064 1 COMMON common JJ 35419 2064 2 USES use NNS 35419 2064 3 : : : 35419 2064 4 Cooperage cooperage NN 35419 2064 5 , , , 35419 2064 6 interior interior JJ 35419 2064 7 finish finish NN 35419 2064 8 , , , 35419 2064 9 furniture furniture NN 35419 2064 10 . . . 35419 2065 1 REMARKS remarks NN 35419 2065 2 : : : 35419 2065 3 Grows grow VBZ 35419 2065 4 rapidly rapidly RB 35419 2065 5 . . . 35419 2066 1 An an DT 35419 2066 2 inferior inferior JJ 35419 2066 3 substitute substitute NN 35419 2066 4 for for IN 35419 2066 5 white white NNP 35419 2066 6 oak oak NNP 35419 2066 7 . . . 35419 2067 1 Bark Bark NNP 35419 2067 2 used use VBN 35419 2067 3 in in IN 35419 2067 4 tanning tanning NN 35419 2067 5 . . . 35419 2068 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 2068 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 2068 3 : : : 35419 2068 4 Radial Radial NNP 35419 2068 5 Section Section NNP 35419 2068 6 , , , 35419 2068 7 life life NN 35419 2068 8 size size NN 35419 2068 9 . . . 35419 2068 10 ] ] -RRB- 35419 2069 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 2069 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 2069 3 : : : 35419 2069 4 Cross cross NN 35419 2069 5 - - NN 35419 2069 6 section section NNP 35419 2069 7 , , , 35419 2069 8 magnified magnify VBN 35419 2069 9 37 37 CD 35419 2069 10 - - HYPH 35419 2069 11 1/2 1/2 CD 35419 2069 12 diameters diameter NNS 35419 2069 13 . . . 35419 2069 14 ] ] -RRB- 35419 2070 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 2070 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 2070 3 : : : 35419 2070 4 Tangential Tangential NNP 35419 2070 5 Section Section NNP 35419 2070 6 , , , 35419 2070 7 life life NN 35419 2070 8 size size NN 35419 2070 9 . . . 35419 2070 10 ] ] -RRB- 35419 2071 1 42 42 CD 35419 2071 2 BLACK BLACK NNP 35419 2071 3 OAK OAK NNP 35419 2071 4 . . . 35419 2072 1 YELLOW YELLOW NNP 35419 2072 2 BARK BARK NNP 35419 2072 3 OAK OAK NNP 35419 2072 4 . . . 35419 2073 1 Black black JJ 35419 2073 2 refers refer VBZ 35419 2073 3 to to IN 35419 2073 4 color color NN 35419 2073 5 of of IN 35419 2073 6 outer outer JJ 35419 2073 7 bark bark NN 35419 2073 8 ; ; : 35419 2073 9 yellow yellow JJ 35419 2073 10 bark bark NN 35419 2073 11 , , , 35419 2073 12 refers refer VBZ 35419 2073 13 to to IN 35419 2073 14 the the DT 35419 2073 15 inner inner JJ 35419 2073 16 bark bark NN 35419 2073 17 , , , 35419 2073 18 which which WDT 35419 2073 19 is be VBZ 35419 2073 20 orange orange NNP 35419 2073 21 yellow yellow JJ 35419 2073 22 . . . 35419 2074 1 _ _ NNP 35419 2074 2 Quercus Quercus NNP 35419 2074 3 velutina velutina NN 35419 2074 4 _ _ NNP 35419 2074 5 Lamarck Lamarck NNP 35419 2074 6 . . . 35419 2075 1 _ _ NNP 35419 2075 2 Quercus Quercus NNP 35419 2075 3 tinctoria tinctoria VBZ 35419 2075 4 _ _ NNP 35419 2075 5 Michaux Michaux NNP 35419 2075 6 . . . 35419 2076 1 _ _ NNP 35419 2076 2 Quercus Quercus NNP 35419 2076 3 _ _ NNP 35419 2076 4 , , , 35419 2076 5 the the DT 35419 2076 6 classical classical JJ 35419 2076 7 Latin latin JJ 35419 2076 8 name name NN 35419 2076 9 ; ; : 35419 2076 10 _ _ NNP 35419 2076 11 velutina velutina NNP 35419 2076 12 _ _ NNP 35419 2076 13 , , , 35419 2076 14 refers refer VBZ 35419 2076 15 to to IN 35419 2076 16 the the DT 35419 2076 17 velvety velvety JJ 35419 2076 18 surface surface NN 35419 2076 19 of of IN 35419 2076 20 the the DT 35419 2076 21 young young JJ 35419 2076 22 leaf leaf NN 35419 2076 23 ; ; : 35419 2076 24 _ _ NNP 35419 2076 25 tinctoria tinctoria NNP 35419 2076 26 _ _ NNP 35419 2076 27 , , , 35419 2076 28 refers refer VBZ 35419 2076 29 to to IN 35419 2076 30 dye dye NN 35419 2076 31 obtained obtain VBN 35419 2076 32 from from IN 35419 2076 33 inner inner JJ 35419 2076 34 bark bark NN 35419 2076 35 . . . 35419 2077 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 2077 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 2077 3 : : : 35419 2077 4 Habitat Habitat NNP 35419 2077 5 . . . 35419 2077 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 2078 1 HABITAT HABITAT NNP 35419 2078 2 : : : 35419 2078 3 ( ( -LRB- 35419 2078 4 See see VB 35419 2078 5 map map NN 35419 2078 6 ) ) -RRB- 35419 2078 7 ; ; : 35419 2078 8 best well RBS 35419 2078 9 in in IN 35419 2078 10 lower low JJR 35419 2078 11 Ohio Ohio NNP 35419 2078 12 valley valley NN 35419 2078 13 . . . 35419 2079 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 2079 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 2079 3 : : : 35419 2079 4 Leaf Leaf NNP 35419 2079 5 . . . 35419 2079 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 2080 1 CHARACTERISTICS characteristic NNS 35419 2080 2 OF of IN 35419 2080 3 THE the DT 35419 2080 4 TREE tree NN 35419 2080 5 : : : 35419 2080 6 Height Height NNP 35419 2080 7 , , , 35419 2080 8 70'-80 70'-80 NNP 35419 2080 9 ' ' POS 35419 2080 10 , , , 35419 2080 11 even even RB 35419 2080 12 150 150 CD 35419 2080 13 ' ' POS 35419 2080 14 ; ; : 35419 2080 15 diameter diameter NN 35419 2080 16 3'-4 3'-4 NNP 35419 2080 17 ' ' '' 35419 2080 18 ; ; : 35419 2080 19 branches branch NNS 35419 2080 20 , , , 35419 2080 21 low low JJ 35419 2080 22 ; ; : 35419 2080 23 bark bark NN 35419 2080 24 , , , 35419 2080 25 dark dark JJ 35419 2080 26 gray gray NN 35419 2080 27 to to IN 35419 2080 28 black black JJ 35419 2080 29 , , , 35419 2080 30 deep deep JJ 35419 2080 31 fissures fissure NNS 35419 2080 32 , , , 35419 2080 33 broad broad JJ 35419 2080 34 , , , 35419 2080 35 rounded rounded JJ 35419 2080 36 , , , 35419 2080 37 firm firm JJ 35419 2080 38 ridges ridge NNS 35419 2080 39 , , , 35419 2080 40 inner inner JJ 35419 2080 41 bark bark NN 35419 2080 42 , , , 35419 2080 43 yellow yellow NNP 35419 2080 44 , , , 35419 2080 45 yielding yield VBG 35419 2080 46 dye dye NN 35419 2080 47 ; ; : 35419 2080 48 leaves leave NNS 35419 2080 49 , , , 35419 2080 50 large large JJ 35419 2080 51 , , , 35419 2080 52 lustrous lustrous JJ 35419 2080 53 , , , 35419 2080 54 leathery leathery NN 35419 2080 55 , , , 35419 2080 56 of of IN 35419 2080 57 varied varied JJ 35419 2080 58 forms form NNS 35419 2080 59 ; ; , 35419 2080 60 acorns acorn NNS 35419 2080 61 , , , 35419 2080 62 small small JJ 35419 2080 63 ; ; : 35419 2080 64 kernel kernel NN 35419 2080 65 , , , 35419 2080 66 yellow yellow JJ 35419 2080 67 , , , 35419 2080 68 bitter bitter JJ 35419 2080 69 . . . 35419 2081 1 APPEARANCE APPEARANCE NNP 35419 2081 2 OF of IN 35419 2081 3 WOOD wood NN 35419 2081 4 : : : 35419 2081 5 Color color NN 35419 2081 6 , , , 35419 2081 7 reddish reddish JJ 35419 2081 8 brown brown NN 35419 2081 9 , , , 35419 2081 10 sap sap NN 35419 2081 11 - - HYPH 35419 2081 12 wood wood NN 35419 2081 13 lighter lighter NN 35419 2081 14 ; ; : 35419 2081 15 ring re VBG 35419 2081 16 - - HYPH 35419 2081 17 porous porous JJ 35419 2081 18 ; ; : 35419 2081 19 rings ring NNS 35419 2081 20 , , , 35419 2081 21 marked mark VBN 35419 2081 22 by by IN 35419 2081 23 several several JJ 35419 2081 24 rows row NNS 35419 2081 25 of of IN 35419 2081 26 very very RB 35419 2081 27 large large JJ 35419 2081 28 open open JJ 35419 2081 29 ducts duct NNS 35419 2081 30 ; ; : 35419 2081 31 grain grain NN 35419 2081 32 , , , 35419 2081 33 crooked crooked JJ 35419 2081 34 ; ; : 35419 2081 35 rays ray NNS 35419 2081 36 , , , 35419 2081 37 thin thin JJ 35419 2081 38 . . . 35419 2082 1 PHYSICAL PHYSICAL NNP 35419 2082 2 QUALITIES quality NNS 35419 2082 3 : : : 35419 2082 4 Heavy heavy JJ 35419 2082 5 ( ( -LRB- 35419 2082 6 17th 17th NN 35419 2082 7 in in IN 35419 2082 8 this this DT 35419 2082 9 list list NN 35419 2082 10 ) ) -RRB- 35419 2082 11 ; ; : 35419 2082 12 45 45 CD 35419 2082 13 lbs lbs NN 35419 2082 14 . . . 35419 2083 1 per per IN 35419 2083 2 cu cu NNP 35419 2083 3 . . . 35419 2084 1 ft ft NNP 35419 2084 2 . . NNP 35419 2084 3 ; ; : 35419 2084 4 sp sp NNP 35419 2084 5 . . . 35419 2085 1 gr gr NNP 35419 2085 2 . . NNP 35419 2085 3 , , , 35419 2085 4 0.7045 0.7045 NNP 35419 2085 5 ; ; : 35419 2085 6 very very RB 35419 2085 7 strong strong JJ 35419 2085 8 ( ( -LRB- 35419 2085 9 17th 17th NN 35419 2085 10 in in IN 35419 2085 11 this this DT 35419 2085 12 list list NN 35419 2085 13 ) ) -RRB- 35419 2085 14 ; ; , 35419 2085 15 elastic elastic JJ 35419 2085 16 ( ( -LRB- 35419 2085 17 25th 25th NN 35419 2085 18 in in IN 35419 2085 19 this this DT 35419 2085 20 list list NN 35419 2085 21 ) ) -RRB- 35419 2085 22 ; ; : 35419 2085 23 hard hard JJ 35419 2085 24 ( ( -LRB- 35419 2085 25 18th 18th NN 35419 2085 26 in in IN 35419 2085 27 this this DT 35419 2085 28 list list NN 35419 2085 29 ) ) -RRB- 35419 2085 30 ; ; : 35419 2085 31 shrinkage shrinkage NN 35419 2085 32 , , , 35419 2085 33 4 4 CD 35419 2085 34 per per NN 35419 2085 35 cent cent NN 35419 2085 36 . . . 35419 2086 1 or or CC 35419 2086 2 more more RBR 35419 2086 3 ; ; : 35419 2086 4 warps warp NNS 35419 2086 5 and and CC 35419 2086 6 checks check NNS 35419 2086 7 in in IN 35419 2086 8 drying drying NN 35419 2086 9 ; ; : 35419 2086 10 durable durable JJ 35419 2086 11 ; ; : 35419 2086 12 rather rather RB 35419 2086 13 hard hard JJ 35419 2086 14 to to TO 35419 2086 15 work work VB 35419 2086 16 ; ; : 35419 2086 17 splits split VBZ 35419 2086 18 readily readily RB 35419 2086 19 , , , 35419 2086 20 nails nail NNS 35419 2086 21 badly badly RB 35419 2086 22 . . . 35419 2087 1 COMMON common JJ 35419 2087 2 USES use NNS 35419 2087 3 : : : 35419 2087 4 Furniture furniture NN 35419 2087 5 , , , 35419 2087 6 interior interior JJ 35419 2087 7 trim trim NN 35419 2087 8 , , , 35419 2087 9 cooperage cooperage NN 35419 2087 10 , , , 35419 2087 11 construction construction NN 35419 2087 12 . . . 35419 2088 1 REMARKS remarks NN 35419 2088 2 : : : 35419 2088 3 Foliage foliage NN 35419 2088 4 handsome handsome JJ 35419 2088 5 in in IN 35419 2088 6 fall fall NN 35419 2088 7 ; ; : 35419 2088 8 persists persist VBZ 35419 2088 9 thru thru IN 35419 2088 10 winter winter NN 35419 2088 11 . . . 35419 2089 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 2089 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 2089 3 : : : 35419 2089 4 Radial Radial NNP 35419 2089 5 Section Section NNP 35419 2089 6 , , , 35419 2089 7 life life NN 35419 2089 8 size size NN 35419 2089 9 . . . 35419 2089 10 ] ] -RRB- 35419 2090 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 2090 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 2090 3 : : : 35419 2090 4 Cross cross NN 35419 2090 5 - - NN 35419 2090 6 section section NNP 35419 2090 7 , , , 35419 2090 8 magnified magnify VBN 35419 2090 9 37 37 CD 35419 2090 10 - - HYPH 35419 2090 11 1/2 1/2 CD 35419 2090 12 diameters diameter NNS 35419 2090 13 . . . 35419 2090 14 ] ] -RRB- 35419 2091 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 2091 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 2091 3 : : : 35419 2091 4 Tangential Tangential NNP 35419 2091 5 Section Section NNP 35419 2091 6 , , , 35419 2091 7 life life NN 35419 2091 8 size size NN 35419 2091 9 . . . 35419 2091 10 ] ] -RRB- 35419 2092 1 43 43 CD 35419 2092 2 BASKET basket NN 35419 2092 3 OAK OAK NNP 35419 2092 4 . . . 35419 2093 1 COW cow NN 35419 2093 2 OAK OAK NNP 35419 2093 3 . . . 35419 2094 1 Cow cow NN 35419 2094 2 refers refer VBZ 35419 2094 3 to to IN 35419 2094 4 the the DT 35419 2094 5 fact fact NN 35419 2094 6 that that IN 35419 2094 7 its -PRON- PRP$ 35419 2094 8 acorns acorn NNS 35419 2094 9 are be VBP 35419 2094 10 eaten eat VBN 35419 2094 11 by by IN 35419 2094 12 cattle cattle NNS 35419 2094 13 . . . 35419 2095 1 _ _ NNP 35419 2095 2 Quercus Quercus NNP 35419 2095 3 michauxii michauxii NN 35419 2095 4 _ _ NNP 35419 2095 5 Nuttall Nuttall NNP 35419 2095 6 . . . 35419 2096 1 _ _ NNP 35419 2096 2 Quercus Quercus NNP 35419 2096 3 _ _ NNP 35419 2096 4 , , , 35419 2096 5 the the DT 35419 2096 6 classical classical JJ 35419 2096 7 Latin latin JJ 35419 2096 8 name name NN 35419 2096 9 ; ; : 35419 2096 10 _ _ NNP 35419 2096 11 michauxii michauxii NNP 35419 2096 12 _ _ NNP 35419 2096 13 , , , 35419 2096 14 named name VBN 35419 2096 15 for for IN 35419 2096 16 the the DT 35419 2096 17 botanist botanist NN 35419 2096 18 Michaux Michaux NNP 35419 2096 19 . . . 35419 2097 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 2097 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 2097 3 : : : 35419 2097 4 Habitat Habitat NNP 35419 2097 5 . . . 35419 2097 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 2098 1 HABITAT HABITAT NNP 35419 2098 2 : : : 35419 2098 3 ( ( -LRB- 35419 2098 4 See see VB 35419 2098 5 map map NN 35419 2098 6 ) ) -RRB- 35419 2098 7 ; ; : 35419 2098 8 best well RBS 35419 2098 9 in in IN 35419 2098 10 Arkansas Arkansas NNP 35419 2098 11 and and CC 35419 2098 12 Louisiana Louisiana NNP 35419 2098 13 , , , 35419 2098 14 especially especially RB 35419 2098 15 in in IN 35419 2098 16 river river NN 35419 2098 17 bottoms bottom NNS 35419 2098 18 . . . 35419 2099 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 2099 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 2099 3 : : : 35419 2099 4 Leaf Leaf NNP 35419 2099 5 . . . 35419 2099 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 2100 1 CHARACTERISTICS characteristic NNS 35419 2100 2 OF of IN 35419 2100 3 THE the DT 35419 2100 4 TREE tree NN 35419 2100 5 : : : 35419 2100 6 Height height NN 35419 2100 7 , , , 35419 2100 8 80'-100 80'-100 CD 35419 2100 9 ' ' POS 35419 2100 10 ; ; : 35419 2100 11 diameter diameter NN 35419 2100 12 3 3 CD 35419 2100 13 ' ' '' 35419 2100 14 , , , 35419 2100 15 even even RB 35419 2100 16 7 7 CD 35419 2100 17 ' ' '' 35419 2100 18 ; ; : 35419 2100 19 trunk trunk NN 35419 2100 20 , , , 35419 2100 21 often often RB 35419 2100 22 clean clean JJ 35419 2100 23 and and CC 35419 2100 24 straight straight JJ 35419 2100 25 for for IN 35419 2100 26 40 40 CD 35419 2100 27 ' ' CD 35419 2100 28 or or CC 35419 2100 29 50 50 CD 35419 2100 30 ' ' POS 35419 2100 31 ; ; : 35419 2100 32 bark bark NN 35419 2100 33 , , , 35419 2100 34 conspicuous conspicuous JJ 35419 2100 35 , , , 35419 2100 36 light light JJ 35419 2100 37 gray gray JJ 35419 2100 38 , , , 35419 2100 39 rough rough JJ 35419 2100 40 with with IN 35419 2100 41 loose loose JJ 35419 2100 42 ashy ashy JJ 35419 2100 43 gray gray NN 35419 2100 44 , , , 35419 2100 45 scaly scaly NNP 35419 2100 46 ridges ridge NNS 35419 2100 47 ; ; : 35419 2100 48 leaves leave NNS 35419 2100 49 , , , 35419 2100 50 obovate obovate RB 35419 2100 51 , , , 35419 2100 52 regularly regularly RB 35419 2100 53 scalloped scallop VBN 35419 2100 54 ; ; : 35419 2100 55 acorns acorn NNS 35419 2100 56 , , , 35419 2100 57 edible edible JJ 35419 2100 58 for for IN 35419 2100 59 cattle cattle NNS 35419 2100 60 . . . 35419 2101 1 APPEARANCE APPEARANCE NNP 35419 2101 2 OF of IN 35419 2101 3 WOOD wood NN 35419 2101 4 : : : 35419 2101 5 Color color NN 35419 2101 6 , , , 35419 2101 7 light light NN 35419 2101 8 brown brown NNP 35419 2101 9 , , , 35419 2101 10 sap sap NN 35419 2101 11 - - HYPH 35419 2101 12 wood wood NN 35419 2101 13 light light NN 35419 2101 14 buff buff NN 35419 2101 15 ; ; : 35419 2101 16 ring ring NN 35419 2101 17 - - HYPH 35419 2101 18 porous porous JJ 35419 2101 19 ; ; : 35419 2101 20 rings ring NNS 35419 2101 21 , , , 35419 2101 22 marked mark VBN 35419 2101 23 by by IN 35419 2101 24 few few JJ 35419 2101 25 rather rather RB 35419 2101 26 large large JJ 35419 2101 27 , , , 35419 2101 28 open open JJ 35419 2101 29 ducts duct NNS 35419 2101 30 ; ; : 35419 2101 31 grain grain NN 35419 2101 32 , , , 35419 2101 33 likely likely JJ 35419 2101 34 to to TO 35419 2101 35 be be VB 35419 2101 36 crooked crooked JJ 35419 2101 37 ; ; : 35419 2101 38 rays ray NNS 35419 2101 39 , , , 35419 2101 40 broad broad JJ 35419 2101 41 , , , 35419 2101 42 conspicuous conspicuous JJ 35419 2101 43 . . . 35419 2102 1 PHYSICAL PHYSICAL NNP 35419 2102 2 QUALITIES QUALITIES NNP 35419 2102 3 : : : 35419 2102 4 Very very RB 35419 2102 5 heavy heavy JJ 35419 2102 6 ( ( -LRB- 35419 2102 7 5th 5th NN 35419 2102 8 in in IN 35419 2102 9 this this DT 35419 2102 10 list list NN 35419 2102 11 ) ) -RRB- 35419 2102 12 ; ; : 35419 2102 13 46 46 CD 35419 2102 14 lbs lbs NN 35419 2102 15 . . . 35419 2103 1 per per IN 35419 2103 2 cu cu NNP 35419 2103 3 . . . 35419 2104 1 ft ft NNP 35419 2104 2 . . NNP 35419 2104 3 ; ; : 35419 2104 4 sp sp NNP 35419 2104 5 . . . 35419 2105 1 gr gr NNP 35419 2105 2 . . NNP 35419 2105 3 , , , 35419 2105 4 0.8039 0.8039 CD 35419 2105 5 ; ; : 35419 2105 6 very very RB 35419 2105 7 strong strong JJ 35419 2105 8 ( ( -LRB- 35419 2105 9 12th 12th NN 35419 2105 10 in in IN 35419 2105 11 this this DT 35419 2105 12 list list NN 35419 2105 13 ) ) -RRB- 35419 2105 14 ; ; , 35419 2105 15 elastic elastic JJ 35419 2105 16 ( ( -LRB- 35419 2105 17 33d 33d NNS 35419 2105 18 in in IN 35419 2105 19 this this DT 35419 2105 20 list list NN 35419 2105 21 ) ) -RRB- 35419 2105 22 ; ; : 35419 2105 23 hard hard JJ 35419 2105 24 ( ( -LRB- 35419 2105 25 10th 10th JJ 35419 2105 26 in in IN 35419 2105 27 this this DT 35419 2105 28 list list NN 35419 2105 29 ) ) -RRB- 35419 2105 30 ; ; : 35419 2105 31 shrinkage shrinkage NN 35419 2105 32 , , , 35419 2105 33 4 4 CD 35419 2105 34 per per NN 35419 2105 35 cent cent NN 35419 2105 36 . . . 35419 2106 1 or or CC 35419 2106 2 more more RBR 35419 2106 3 ; ; : 35419 2106 4 warps warp NNS 35419 2106 5 unless unless IN 35419 2106 6 carefully carefully RB 35419 2106 7 seasoned season VBN 35419 2106 8 ; ; : 35419 2106 9 durable durable JJ 35419 2106 10 ; ; : 35419 2106 11 hard hard JJ 35419 2106 12 and and CC 35419 2106 13 tough tough JJ 35419 2106 14 to to TO 35419 2106 15 work work VB 35419 2106 16 ; ; : 35419 2106 17 splits split VBZ 35419 2106 18 easily easily RB 35419 2106 19 , , , 35419 2106 20 bad bad JJ 35419 2106 21 to to TO 35419 2106 22 nail nail VB 35419 2106 23 . . . 35419 2107 1 COMMON common JJ 35419 2107 2 USES use NNS 35419 2107 3 : : : 35419 2107 4 Construction construction NN 35419 2107 5 , , , 35419 2107 6 agricultural agricultural JJ 35419 2107 7 implements implement NNS 35419 2107 8 , , , 35419 2107 9 wheel wheel NN 35419 2107 10 stock stock NN 35419 2107 11 , , , 35419 2107 12 baskets basket NNS 35419 2107 13 . . . 35419 2108 1 REMARKS remarks NN 35419 2108 2 : : : 35419 2108 3 The the DT 35419 2108 4 best good JJS 35419 2108 5 white white JJ 35419 2108 6 oak oak NN 35419 2108 7 of of IN 35419 2108 8 the the DT 35419 2108 9 south south NN 35419 2108 10 . . . 35419 2109 1 Not not RB 35419 2109 2 distinguished distinguish VBN 35419 2109 3 from from IN 35419 2109 4 white white JJ 35419 2109 5 oak oak NNP 35419 2109 6 in in IN 35419 2109 7 the the DT 35419 2109 8 market market NN 35419 2109 9 . . . 35419 2110 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 2110 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 2110 3 : : : 35419 2110 4 Radial Radial NNP 35419 2110 5 Section Section NNP 35419 2110 6 , , , 35419 2110 7 life life NN 35419 2110 8 size size NN 35419 2110 9 . . . 35419 2110 10 ] ] -RRB- 35419 2111 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 2111 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 2111 3 : : : 35419 2111 4 Cross cross NN 35419 2111 5 - - NN 35419 2111 6 section section NNP 35419 2111 7 , , , 35419 2111 8 magnified magnify VBN 35419 2111 9 37 37 CD 35419 2111 10 - - HYPH 35419 2111 11 1/2 1/2 CD 35419 2111 12 diameters diameter NNS 35419 2111 13 . . . 35419 2111 14 ] ] -RRB- 35419 2112 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 2112 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 2112 3 : : : 35419 2112 4 Tangential Tangential NNP 35419 2112 5 Section Section NNP 35419 2112 6 , , , 35419 2112 7 life life NN 35419 2112 8 size size NN 35419 2112 9 . . . 35419 2112 10 ] ] -RRB- 35419 2113 1 44 44 CD 35419 2113 2 BUR BUR NNP 35419 2113 3 OAK OAK NNP 35419 2113 4 . . . 35419 2114 1 MOSSY MOSSY NNP 35419 2114 2 - - HYPH 35419 2114 3 CUP CUP NNP 35419 2114 4 OAK OAK NNP 35419 2114 5 . . . 35419 2115 1 OVER OVER NNP 35419 2115 2 - - HYPH 35419 2115 3 CUP CUP NNP 35419 2115 4 OAK OAK NNP 35419 2115 5 . . . 35419 2116 1 _ _ NNP 35419 2116 2 Quercus Quercus NNP 35419 2116 3 macrocarpa macrocarpa NN 35419 2116 4 _ _ NNP 35419 2116 5 Michaux Michaux NNP 35419 2116 6 . . . 35419 2117 1 _ _ NNP 35419 2117 2 Quercus Quercus NNP 35419 2117 3 _ _ NNP 35419 2117 4 , , , 35419 2117 5 the the DT 35419 2117 6 classical classical JJ 35419 2117 7 Latin latin JJ 35419 2117 8 name name NN 35419 2117 9 ; ; : 35419 2117 10 _ _ NNP 35419 2117 11 macrocarpa macrocarpa NNP 35419 2117 12 _ _ NNP 35419 2117 13 , , , 35419 2117 14 refers refer VBZ 35419 2117 15 to to IN 35419 2117 16 the the DT 35419 2117 17 large large JJ 35419 2117 18 acorn acorn NN 35419 2117 19 . . . 35419 2118 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 2118 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 2118 3 : : : 35419 2118 4 Habitat Habitat NNP 35419 2118 5 . . . 35419 2118 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 2119 1 HABITAT HABITAT NNP 35419 2119 2 : : : 35419 2119 3 ( ( -LRB- 35419 2119 4 See see VB 35419 2119 5 map map NN 35419 2119 6 ) ) -RRB- 35419 2119 7 ; ; : 35419 2119 8 best well RBS 35419 2119 9 in in IN 35419 2119 10 southern southern JJ 35419 2119 11 Indiana Indiana NNP 35419 2119 12 , , , 35419 2119 13 Illinois Illinois NNP 35419 2119 14 and and CC 35419 2119 15 Kansas Kansas NNP 35419 2119 16 . . . 35419 2120 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 2120 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 2120 3 : : : 35419 2120 4 Leaf Leaf NNP 35419 2120 5 . . . 35419 2120 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 2121 1 CHARACTERISTICS characteristic NNS 35419 2121 2 OF of IN 35419 2121 3 THE the DT 35419 2121 4 TREE tree NN 35419 2121 5 : : : 35419 2121 6 Height Height NNP 35419 2121 7 , , , 35419 2121 8 70'-130 70'-130 CD 35419 2121 9 ' ' CD 35419 2121 10 , , , 35419 2121 11 even even RB 35419 2121 12 170 170 CD 35419 2121 13 ' ' POS 35419 2121 14 ; ; : 35419 2121 15 diameter diameter NN 35419 2121 16 , , , 35419 2121 17 5'-7 5'-7 NNP 35419 2121 18 ' ' '' 35419 2121 19 ; ; : 35419 2121 20 branches branch NNS 35419 2121 21 , , , 35419 2121 22 high high JJ 35419 2121 23 ; ; : 35419 2121 24 corky corky JJ 35419 2121 25 wings wing NNS 35419 2121 26 on on IN 35419 2121 27 young young JJ 35419 2121 28 branches branch NNS 35419 2121 29 ; ; : 35419 2121 30 bark bark NN 35419 2121 31 , , , 35419 2121 32 gray gray NNP 35419 2121 33 brown brown NNP 35419 2121 34 , , , 35419 2121 35 deeply deeply RB 35419 2121 36 furrowed furrowed JJ 35419 2121 37 ; ; : 35419 2121 38 deep deep JJ 35419 2121 39 opposite opposite JJ 35419 2121 40 sinuses sinus NNS 35419 2121 41 on on IN 35419 2121 42 large large JJ 35419 2121 43 leaves leave NNS 35419 2121 44 ; ; : 35419 2121 45 acorns acorn NNS 35419 2121 46 , , , 35419 2121 47 half half NN 35419 2121 48 enclosed enclose VBN 35419 2121 49 in in IN 35419 2121 50 mossy mossy NN 35419 2121 51 - - HYPH 35419 2121 52 fringed fringe VBN 35419 2121 53 cup cup NN 35419 2121 54 . . . 35419 2122 1 APPEARANCE APPEARANCE NNP 35419 2122 2 OF of IN 35419 2122 3 WOOD wood NN 35419 2122 4 : : : 35419 2122 5 Color color NN 35419 2122 6 , , , 35419 2122 7 rich rich JJ 35419 2122 8 brown brown NNP 35419 2122 9 , , , 35419 2122 10 sap sap NN 35419 2122 11 - - HYPH 35419 2122 12 wood wood NN 35419 2122 13 , , , 35419 2122 14 thin thin JJ 35419 2122 15 , , , 35419 2122 16 lighter light JJR 35419 2122 17 ; ; : 35419 2122 18 ring re VBG 35419 2122 19 - - HYPH 35419 2122 20 porous porous JJ 35419 2122 21 ; ; : 35419 2122 22 rings ring NNS 35419 2122 23 , , , 35419 2122 24 marked mark VBN 35419 2122 25 by by IN 35419 2122 26 1 1 CD 35419 2122 27 to to TO 35419 2122 28 3 3 CD 35419 2122 29 rows row NNS 35419 2122 30 of of IN 35419 2122 31 small small JJ 35419 2122 32 open open JJ 35419 2122 33 ducts duct NNS 35419 2122 34 ; ; : 35419 2122 35 grain grain NN 35419 2122 36 , , , 35419 2122 37 crooked crooked JJ 35419 2122 38 ; ; : 35419 2122 39 rays ray NNS 35419 2122 40 , , , 35419 2122 41 broad broad JJ 35419 2122 42 , , , 35419 2122 43 and and CC 35419 2122 44 conspicuous conspicuous JJ 35419 2122 45 . . . 35419 2123 1 PHYSICAL PHYSICAL NNP 35419 2123 2 QUALITIES quality NNS 35419 2123 3 : : : 35419 2123 4 Heavy heavy JJ 35419 2123 5 ( ( -LRB- 35419 2123 6 9th 9th NN 35419 2123 7 in in IN 35419 2123 8 this this DT 35419 2123 9 list list NN 35419 2123 10 ) ) -RRB- 35419 2123 11 ; ; : 35419 2123 12 46 46 CD 35419 2123 13 lbs lbs NN 35419 2123 14 . . . 35419 2124 1 per per IN 35419 2124 2 cu cu NNP 35419 2124 3 . . . 35419 2125 1 ft ft NNP 35419 2125 2 . . NNP 35419 2125 3 ; ; : 35419 2125 4 sp sp NNP 35419 2125 5 . . . 35419 2126 1 gr gr NNP 35419 2126 2 . . NNP 35419 2126 3 , , , 35419 2126 4 0.7453 0.7453 CD 35419 2126 5 ; ; : 35419 2126 6 very very RB 35419 2126 7 strong strong JJ 35419 2126 8 ( ( -LRB- 35419 2126 9 16th 16th JJ 35419 2126 10 in in IN 35419 2126 11 this this DT 35419 2126 12 list list NN 35419 2126 13 ) ) -RRB- 35419 2126 14 ; ; : 35419 2126 15 elastic elastic JJ 35419 2126 16 ( ( -LRB- 35419 2126 17 37th 37th NN 35419 2126 18 in in IN 35419 2126 19 this this DT 35419 2126 20 list list NN 35419 2126 21 ) ) -RRB- 35419 2126 22 ; ; : 35419 2126 23 hard hard JJ 35419 2126 24 ( ( -LRB- 35419 2126 25 9th 9th NN 35419 2126 26 in in IN 35419 2126 27 this this DT 35419 2126 28 list list NN 35419 2126 29 ) ) -RRB- 35419 2126 30 ; ; : 35419 2126 31 shrinkage shrinkage NN 35419 2126 32 , , , 35419 2126 33 4 4 CD 35419 2126 34 per per NN 35419 2126 35 cent cent NN 35419 2126 36 . . . 35419 2127 1 or or CC 35419 2127 2 more more RBR 35419 2127 3 ; ; : 35419 2127 4 warps warps NNP 35419 2127 5 , , , 35419 2127 6 .......... .......... NFP 35419 2127 7 ; ; : 35419 2127 8 hard hard RB 35419 2127 9 , , , 35419 2127 10 and and CC 35419 2127 11 tough tough JJ 35419 2127 12 to to TO 35419 2127 13 work work VB 35419 2127 14 ; ; : 35419 2127 15 splits split VBZ 35419 2127 16 easily easily RB 35419 2127 17 , , , 35419 2127 18 resists resist NNS 35419 2127 19 nailing nail VBG 35419 2127 20 . . . 35419 2128 1 COMMON common JJ 35419 2128 2 USES use NNS 35419 2128 3 : : : 35419 2128 4 Ship ship NN 35419 2128 5 building building NN 35419 2128 6 , , , 35419 2128 7 cabinet cabinet NN 35419 2128 8 work work NN 35419 2128 9 , , , 35419 2128 10 railway railway NN 35419 2128 11 ties tie NNS 35419 2128 12 , , , 35419 2128 13 cooperage cooperage NN 35419 2128 14 . . . 35419 2129 1 REMARKS remarks NN 35419 2129 2 : : : 35419 2129 3 Good good JJ 35419 2129 4 for for IN 35419 2129 5 prairie prairie NN 35419 2129 6 planting planting NN 35419 2129 7 . . . 35419 2130 1 One one CD 35419 2130 2 of of IN 35419 2130 3 the the DT 35419 2130 4 most most RBS 35419 2130 5 valuable valuable JJ 35419 2130 6 woods wood NNS 35419 2130 7 of of IN 35419 2130 8 North North NNP 35419 2130 9 America America NNP 35419 2130 10 . . . 35419 2131 1 Not not RB 35419 2131 2 distinguished distinguish VBN 35419 2131 3 from from IN 35419 2131 4 White White NNP 35419 2131 5 Oak Oak NNP 35419 2131 6 in in IN 35419 2131 7 commerce commerce NN 35419 2131 8 . . . 35419 2132 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 2132 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 2132 3 : : : 35419 2132 4 Radial Radial NNP 35419 2132 5 Section Section NNP 35419 2132 6 , , , 35419 2132 7 life life NN 35419 2132 8 size size NN 35419 2132 9 . . . 35419 2132 10 ] ] -RRB- 35419 2133 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 2133 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 2133 3 : : : 35419 2133 4 Cross cross NN 35419 2133 5 - - NN 35419 2133 6 section section NNP 35419 2133 7 , , , 35419 2133 8 magnified magnify VBN 35419 2133 9 37 37 CD 35419 2133 10 - - HYPH 35419 2133 11 1/2 1/2 CD 35419 2133 12 diameters diameter NNS 35419 2133 13 . . . 35419 2133 14 ] ] -RRB- 35419 2134 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 2134 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 2134 3 : : : 35419 2134 4 Tangential Tangential NNP 35419 2134 5 Section Section NNP 35419 2134 6 , , , 35419 2134 7 life life NN 35419 2134 8 size size NN 35419 2134 9 . . . 35419 2134 10 ] ] -RRB- 35419 2135 1 45 45 CD 35419 2135 2 WHITE WHITE NNP 35419 2135 3 OAK OAK NNP 35419 2135 4 ( ( -LRB- 35419 2135 5 Western Western NNP 35419 2135 6 ) ) -RRB- 35419 2135 7 . . . 35419 2136 1 _ _ NNP 35419 2136 2 Quercus Quercus NNP 35419 2136 3 garryana garryana NN 35419 2136 4 _ _ NNP 35419 2136 5 Douglas Douglas NNP 35419 2136 6 . . . 35419 2137 1 _ _ NNP 35419 2137 2 Quercus Quercus NNP 35419 2137 3 _ _ NNP 35419 2137 4 , , , 35419 2137 5 the the DT 35419 2137 6 classical classical JJ 35419 2137 7 Latin latin JJ 35419 2137 8 name name NN 35419 2137 9 ; ; : 35419 2137 10 _ _ NNP 35419 2137 11 garryana garryana NNP 35419 2137 12 _ _ NNP 35419 2137 13 , , , 35419 2137 14 named name VBN 35419 2137 15 for for IN 35419 2137 16 Garry Garry NNP 35419 2137 17 . . . 35419 2138 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 2138 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 2138 3 : : : 35419 2138 4 Habitat Habitat NNP 35419 2138 5 . . . 35419 2138 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 2139 1 HABITAT HABITAT NNP 35419 2139 2 : : : 35419 2139 3 ( ( -LRB- 35419 2139 4 See see VB 35419 2139 5 map map NN 35419 2139 6 ) ) -RRB- 35419 2139 7 ; ; : 35419 2139 8 best well RBS 35419 2139 9 in in IN 35419 2139 10 western western JJ 35419 2139 11 Washington Washington NNP 35419 2139 12 and and CC 35419 2139 13 Oregon Oregon NNP 35419 2139 14 . . . 35419 2140 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 2140 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 2140 3 : : : 35419 2140 4 Leaf Leaf NNP 35419 2140 5 . . . 35419 2140 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 2141 1 CHARACTERISTICS characteristic NNS 35419 2141 2 OF of IN 35419 2141 3 THE the DT 35419 2141 4 TREE tree NN 35419 2141 5 : : : 35419 2141 6 Height Height NNP 35419 2141 7 , , , 35419 2141 8 60'-70 60'-70 NNP 35419 2141 9 ' ' POS 35419 2141 10 , , , 35419 2141 11 even even RB 35419 2141 12 100 100 CD 35419 2141 13 ' ' POS 35419 2141 14 ; ; : 35419 2141 15 diameter diameter NN 35419 2141 16 , , , 35419 2141 17 2'-3 2'-3 CD 35419 2141 18 ' ' '' 35419 2141 19 ; ; : 35419 2141 20 branches branch NNS 35419 2141 21 , , , 35419 2141 22 spreading spread VBG 35419 2141 23 ; ; : 35419 2141 24 bark bark NN 35419 2141 25 , , , 35419 2141 26 light light NNP 35419 2141 27 brown brown NNP 35419 2141 28 , , , 35419 2141 29 shallow shallow JJ 35419 2141 30 fissures fissure NNS 35419 2141 31 , , , 35419 2141 32 broad broad JJ 35419 2141 33 ridges ridge NNS 35419 2141 34 ; ; : 35419 2141 35 leaves leave NNS 35419 2141 36 , , , 35419 2141 37 coarsely coarsely RB 35419 2141 38 pinnatified pinnatified JJ 35419 2141 39 , , , 35419 2141 40 lobed lobed NNP 35419 2141 41 ; ; : 35419 2141 42 fruit fruit NN 35419 2141 43 , , , 35419 2141 44 large large JJ 35419 2141 45 acorns acorn NNS 35419 2141 46 . . . 35419 2142 1 APPEARANCE APPEARANCE NNP 35419 2142 2 OF of IN 35419 2142 3 WOOD wood NN 35419 2142 4 : : : 35419 2142 5 Color color NN 35419 2142 6 , , , 35419 2142 7 light light NN 35419 2142 8 brown brown NNP 35419 2142 9 , , , 35419 2142 10 sap sap NN 35419 2142 11 - - HYPH 35419 2142 12 wood wood NN 35419 2142 13 whitish whitish NN 35419 2142 14 ; ; : 35419 2142 15 ring ring NN 35419 2142 16 - - HYPH 35419 2142 17 porous porous JJ 35419 2142 18 ; ; : 35419 2142 19 rings ring NNS 35419 2142 20 , , , 35419 2142 21 marked mark VBN 35419 2142 22 by by IN 35419 2142 23 1 1 CD 35419 2142 24 to to TO 35419 2142 25 3 3 CD 35419 2142 26 rows row NNS 35419 2142 27 of of IN 35419 2142 28 open open JJ 35419 2142 29 ducts duct NNS 35419 2142 30 ; ; : 35419 2142 31 grain grain NN 35419 2142 32 , , , 35419 2142 33 close close JJ 35419 2142 34 , , , 35419 2142 35 crooked crooked JJ 35419 2142 36 ; ; : 35419 2142 37 rays ray NNS 35419 2142 38 , , , 35419 2142 39 varying vary VBG 35419 2142 40 greatly greatly RB 35419 2142 41 in in IN 35419 2142 42 width width NN 35419 2142 43 , , , 35419 2142 44 often often RB 35419 2142 45 conspicuous conspicuous JJ 35419 2142 46 . . . 35419 2143 1 PHYSICAL PHYSICAL NNP 35419 2143 2 QUALITIES quality NNS 35419 2143 3 : : : 35419 2143 4 Heavy heavy JJ 35419 2143 5 ( ( -LRB- 35419 2143 6 10th 10th JJ 35419 2143 7 in in IN 35419 2143 8 this this DT 35419 2143 9 list list NN 35419 2143 10 ) ) -RRB- 35419 2143 11 ; ; : 35419 2143 12 46 46 CD 35419 2143 13 lbs lbs NN 35419 2143 14 . . . 35419 2144 1 per per IN 35419 2144 2 cu cu NNP 35419 2144 3 . . . 35419 2145 1 ft ft NNP 35419 2145 2 . . NNP 35419 2145 3 ; ; : 35419 2145 4 sp sp NNP 35419 2145 5 . . . 35419 2146 1 gr gr NNP 35419 2146 2 . . NNP 35419 2146 3 , , , 35419 2146 4 0.7449 0.7449 CD 35419 2146 5 ; ; : 35419 2146 6 strong strong JJ 35419 2146 7 ( ( -LRB- 35419 2146 8 28th 28th NN 35419 2146 9 in in IN 35419 2146 10 this this DT 35419 2146 11 list list NN 35419 2146 12 ) ) -RRB- 35419 2146 13 ; ; : 35419 2146 14 elasticity elasticity NN 35419 2146 15 medium medium NN 35419 2146 16 ( ( -LRB- 35419 2146 17 54th 54th JJ 35419 2146 18 in in IN 35419 2146 19 this this DT 35419 2146 20 list list NN 35419 2146 21 ) ) -RRB- 35419 2146 22 ; ; : 35419 2146 23 hard hard JJ 35419 2146 24 ( ( -LRB- 35419 2146 25 8th 8th JJ 35419 2146 26 in in IN 35419 2146 27 this this DT 35419 2146 28 list list NN 35419 2146 29 ) ) -RRB- 35419 2146 30 ; ; : 35419 2146 31 shrinkage shrinkage NN 35419 2146 32 , , , 35419 2146 33 5 5 CD 35419 2146 34 or or CC 35419 2146 35 6 6 CD 35419 2146 36 per per NN 35419 2146 37 cent cent NN 35419 2146 38 . . . 35419 2147 1 ; ; : 35419 2147 2 warps warps NNP 35419 2147 3 , , , 35419 2147 4 unless unless IN 35419 2147 5 carefully carefully RB 35419 2147 6 seasoned seasoned JJ 35419 2147 7 ; ; : 35419 2147 8 durable durable JJ 35419 2147 9 ; ; : 35419 2147 10 hard hard JJ 35419 2147 11 to to TO 35419 2147 12 work work VB 35419 2147 13 , , , 35419 2147 14 very very RB 35419 2147 15 tough tough JJ 35419 2147 16 ; ; : 35419 2147 17 splits split VBZ 35419 2147 18 badly badly RB 35419 2147 19 in in IN 35419 2147 20 nailing nail VBG 35419 2147 21 . . . 35419 2148 1 COMMON common JJ 35419 2148 2 USES use NNS 35419 2148 3 : : : 35419 2148 4 Ship ship NN 35419 2148 5 building building NN 35419 2148 6 , , , 35419 2148 7 vehicles vehicle NNS 35419 2148 8 , , , 35419 2148 9 furniture furniture NN 35419 2148 10 , , , 35419 2148 11 interior interior JJ 35419 2148 12 finish finish NN 35419 2148 13 . . . 35419 2149 1 REMARKS remarks NN 35419 2149 2 : : : 35419 2149 3 Best good JJS 35419 2149 4 of of IN 35419 2149 5 Pacific Pacific NNP 35419 2149 6 oaks oak NNS 35419 2149 7 . . . 35419 2150 1 Shrubby shrubby NN 35419 2150 2 at at IN 35419 2150 3 high high JJ 35419 2150 4 elevations elevation NNS 35419 2150 5 . . . 35419 2151 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 2151 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 2151 3 : : : 35419 2151 4 Radial Radial NNP 35419 2151 5 Section Section NNP 35419 2151 6 , , , 35419 2151 7 life life NN 35419 2151 8 size size NN 35419 2151 9 . . . 35419 2151 10 ] ] -RRB- 35419 2152 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 2152 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 2152 3 : : : 35419 2152 4 Cross cross NN 35419 2152 5 - - NN 35419 2152 6 section section NNP 35419 2152 7 , , , 35419 2152 8 magnified magnify VBN 35419 2152 9 37 37 CD 35419 2152 10 - - HYPH 35419 2152 11 1/2 1/2 CD 35419 2152 12 diameters diameter NNS 35419 2152 13 . . . 35419 2152 14 ] ] -RRB- 35419 2153 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 2153 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 2153 3 : : : 35419 2153 4 Tangential Tangential NNP 35419 2153 5 Section Section NNP 35419 2153 6 , , , 35419 2153 7 life life NN 35419 2153 8 size size NN 35419 2153 9 . . . 35419 2153 10 ] ] -RRB- 35419 2154 1 46 46 CD 35419 2154 2 POST POST NNP 35419 2154 3 OAK OAK NNP 35419 2154 4 . . . 35419 2155 1 _ _ NNP 35419 2155 2 Quercus Quercus NNP 35419 2155 3 stellata stellata NN 35419 2155 4 _ _ NNP 35419 2155 5 Wangenheim Wangenheim NNP 35419 2155 6 . . . 35419 2156 1 _ _ NNP 35419 2156 2 Quercus Quercus NNP 35419 2156 3 minor minor JJ 35419 2156 4 _ _ NNP 35419 2156 5 ( ( -LRB- 35419 2156 6 Marsh Marsh NNP 35419 2156 7 ) ) -RRB- 35419 2156 8 Sargent Sargent NNP 35419 2156 9 . . . 35419 2157 1 _ _ NNP 35419 2157 2 Quercus Quercus NNP 35419 2157 3 obtusiloba obtusiloba IN 35419 2157 4 _ _ NNP 35419 2157 5 Michaux Michaux NNP 35419 2157 6 . . . 35419 2158 1 _ _ NNP 35419 2158 2 Quercus Quercus NNP 35419 2158 3 _ _ NNP 35419 2158 4 , , , 35419 2158 5 the the DT 35419 2158 6 classical classical JJ 35419 2158 7 Latin latin JJ 35419 2158 8 name name NN 35419 2158 9 ; ; : 35419 2158 10 _ _ NNP 35419 2158 11 stellata stellata NN 35419 2158 12 _ _ NNP 35419 2158 13 , , , 35419 2158 14 refers refer VBZ 35419 2158 15 to to IN 35419 2158 16 the the DT 35419 2158 17 stellate stellate JJ 35419 2158 18 hairs hair NNS 35419 2158 19 on on IN 35419 2158 20 upper upper JJ 35419 2158 21 side side NN 35419 2158 22 of of IN 35419 2158 23 leaf leaf NN 35419 2158 24 ; ; : 35419 2158 25 _ _ NNP 35419 2158 26 minor minor JJ 35419 2158 27 _ _ NNP 35419 2158 28 , , , 35419 2158 29 refers refer VBZ 35419 2158 30 to to IN 35419 2158 31 size size NN 35419 2158 32 of of IN 35419 2158 33 tree tree NN 35419 2158 34 , , , 35419 2158 35 which which WDT 35419 2158 36 is be VBZ 35419 2158 37 often often RB 35419 2158 38 shrubby shrubby NN 35419 2158 39 ; ; : 35419 2158 40 _ _ NNP 35419 2158 41 obtusiloba obtusiloba IN 35419 2158 42 _ _ NNP 35419 2158 43 , , , 35419 2158 44 refers refer VBZ 35419 2158 45 to to IN 35419 2158 46 the the DT 35419 2158 47 blunt blunt JJ 35419 2158 48 lobes lobe NNS 35419 2158 49 of of IN 35419 2158 50 leaves leave NNS 35419 2158 51 . . . 35419 2159 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 2159 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 2159 3 : : : 35419 2159 4 Habitat Habitat NNP 35419 2159 5 . . . 35419 2159 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 2160 1 HABITAT HABITAT NNP 35419 2160 2 : : : 35419 2160 3 ( ( -LRB- 35419 2160 4 See see VB 35419 2160 5 map map NN 35419 2160 6 ) ) -RRB- 35419 2160 7 ; ; : 35419 2160 8 best good JJS 35419 2160 9 in in IN 35419 2160 10 Mississippi Mississippi NNP 35419 2160 11 basin basin NN 35419 2160 12 . . . 35419 2161 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 2161 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 2161 3 : : : 35419 2161 4 Leaf Leaf NNP 35419 2161 5 . . . 35419 2161 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 2162 1 CHARACTERISTICS characteristic NNS 35419 2162 2 OF of IN 35419 2162 3 THE the DT 35419 2162 4 TREE tree NN 35419 2162 5 : : : 35419 2162 6 Height height NN 35419 2162 7 , , , 35419 2162 8 50'-75 50'-75 NNP 35419 2162 9 ' ' POS 35419 2162 10 , , , 35419 2162 11 even even RB 35419 2162 12 100 100 CD 35419 2162 13 ' ' '' 35419 2162 14 ; ; : 35419 2162 15 but but CC 35419 2162 16 often often RB 35419 2162 17 a a DT 35419 2162 18 shrub shrub JJ 35419 2162 19 ; ; : 35419 2162 20 diameter diameter NN 35419 2162 21 , , , 35419 2162 22 2'-3 2'-3 NNP 35419 2162 23 ' ' '' 35419 2162 24 ; ; : 35419 2162 25 branches branch NNS 35419 2162 26 , , , 35419 2162 27 spreading spread VBG 35419 2162 28 into into IN 35419 2162 29 dense dense JJ 35419 2162 30 round round JJ 35419 2162 31 - - HYPH 35419 2162 32 topped top VBN 35419 2162 33 head head NN 35419 2162 34 ; ; : 35419 2162 35 bark bark NN 35419 2162 36 , , , 35419 2162 37 red red NNP 35419 2162 38 or or CC 35419 2162 39 brown brown JJ 35419 2162 40 , , , 35419 2162 41 deep deep JJ 35419 2162 42 , , , 35419 2162 43 vertical vertical JJ 35419 2162 44 , , , 35419 2162 45 almost almost RB 35419 2162 46 continuous continuous JJ 35419 2162 47 , , , 35419 2162 48 fissures fissure VBZ 35419 2162 49 and and CC 35419 2162 50 broad broad JJ 35419 2162 51 ridges ridge NNS 35419 2162 52 , , , 35419 2162 53 looks look VBZ 35419 2162 54 corrugated corrugate VBN 35419 2162 55 ; ; : 35419 2162 56 leaves leave NNS 35419 2162 57 , , , 35419 2162 58 in in IN 35419 2162 59 large large JJ 35419 2162 60 tufts tuft NNS 35419 2162 61 at at IN 35419 2162 62 ends end NNS 35419 2162 63 of of IN 35419 2162 64 branchlets branchlet NNS 35419 2162 65 ; ; , 35419 2162 66 acorns acorn NNS 35419 2162 67 , , , 35419 2162 68 small small JJ 35419 2162 69 , , , 35419 2162 70 sessile sessile JJ 35419 2162 71 . . . 35419 2163 1 APPEARANCE APPEARANCE NNP 35419 2163 2 OF of IN 35419 2163 3 WOOD wood NN 35419 2163 4 : : : 35419 2163 5 Color color NN 35419 2163 6 , , , 35419 2163 7 brown brown JJ 35419 2163 8 , , , 35419 2163 9 thick thick JJ 35419 2163 10 , , , 35419 2163 11 sap sap NN 35419 2163 12 - - HYPH 35419 2163 13 wood wood NN 35419 2163 14 , , , 35419 2163 15 lighter light JJR 35419 2163 16 ; ; : 35419 2163 17 ring re VBG 35419 2163 18 - - HYPH 35419 2163 19 porous porous JJ 35419 2163 20 ; ; : 35419 2163 21 rings ring NNS 35419 2163 22 , , , 35419 2163 23 1 1 CD 35419 2163 24 to to TO 35419 2163 25 3 3 CD 35419 2163 26 rows row NNS 35419 2163 27 of of IN 35419 2163 28 not not RB 35419 2163 29 large large JJ 35419 2163 30 open open JJ 35419 2163 31 ducts duct NNS 35419 2163 32 ; ; : 35419 2163 33 grain grain NN 35419 2163 34 , , , 35419 2163 35 crooked crooked JJ 35419 2163 36 ; ; : 35419 2163 37 rays ray NNS 35419 2163 38 , , , 35419 2163 39 numerous numerous JJ 35419 2163 40 , , , 35419 2163 41 conspicuous conspicuous JJ 35419 2163 42 . . . 35419 2164 1 PHYSICAL PHYSICAL NNP 35419 2164 2 QUALITIES QUALITIES NNP 35419 2164 3 : : : 35419 2164 4 Very very RB 35419 2164 5 heavy heavy JJ 35419 2164 6 ( ( -LRB- 35419 2164 7 2d 2d VBN 35419 2164 8 in in IN 35419 2164 9 this this DT 35419 2164 10 list list NN 35419 2164 11 ) ) -RRB- 35419 2164 12 ; ; : 35419 2164 13 50 50 CD 35419 2164 14 lbs lbs NN 35419 2164 15 . . . 35419 2165 1 per per IN 35419 2165 2 cu cu NNP 35419 2165 3 . . . 35419 2166 1 ft ft NNP 35419 2166 2 . . NNP 35419 2166 3 ; ; : 35419 2166 4 sp sp NNP 35419 2166 5 . . . 35419 2167 1 gr gr NNP 35419 2167 2 . . NNP 35419 2167 3 , , , 35419 2167 4 0.8367 0.8367 CD 35419 2167 5 ; ; : 35419 2167 6 strong strong JJ 35419 2167 7 ( ( -LRB- 35419 2167 8 29th 29th NN 35419 2167 9 in in IN 35419 2167 10 this this DT 35419 2167 11 list list NN 35419 2167 12 ) ) -RRB- 35419 2167 13 ; ; : 35419 2167 14 medium medium NN 35419 2167 15 elastic elastic JJ 35419 2167 16 ( ( -LRB- 35419 2167 17 50th 50th JJ 35419 2167 18 in in IN 35419 2167 19 this this DT 35419 2167 20 list list NN 35419 2167 21 ) ) -RRB- 35419 2167 22 ; ; : 35419 2167 23 very very RB 35419 2167 24 hard hard JJ 35419 2167 25 ( ( -LRB- 35419 2167 26 4th 4th JJ 35419 2167 27 in in IN 35419 2167 28 this this DT 35419 2167 29 list list NN 35419 2167 30 ) ) -RRB- 35419 2167 31 ; ; : 35419 2167 32 shrinkage shrinkage NN 35419 2167 33 , , , 35419 2167 34 4 4 CD 35419 2167 35 per per NN 35419 2167 36 cent cent NN 35419 2167 37 . . . 35419 2168 1 or or CC 35419 2168 2 more more RBR 35419 2168 3 ; ; : 35419 2168 4 warps warp NNS 35419 2168 5 and and CC 35419 2168 6 checks check NNS 35419 2168 7 badly badly RB 35419 2168 8 in in IN 35419 2168 9 seasoning seasoning NN 35419 2168 10 ; ; , 35419 2168 11 durable durable JJ 35419 2168 12 ; ; : 35419 2168 13 hard hard JJ 35419 2168 14 to to TO 35419 2168 15 work work VB 35419 2168 16 ; ; : 35419 2168 17 splits split VBZ 35419 2168 18 readily readily RB 35419 2168 19 , , , 35419 2168 20 bad bad JJ 35419 2168 21 to to TO 35419 2168 22 nail nail VB 35419 2168 23 . . . 35419 2169 1 COMMON common JJ 35419 2169 2 USES use NNS 35419 2169 3 : : : 35419 2169 4 Cooperage cooperage NN 35419 2169 5 , , , 35419 2169 6 railway railway NN 35419 2169 7 ties tie NNS 35419 2169 8 , , , 35419 2169 9 fencing fencing NN 35419 2169 10 , , , 35419 2169 11 construction construction NN 35419 2169 12 . . . 35419 2170 1 REMARKS remarks NN 35419 2170 2 : : : 35419 2170 3 Wood wood NN 35419 2170 4 often often RB 35419 2170 5 undistinguished undistinguishe VBD 35419 2170 6 from from IN 35419 2170 7 white white NNP 35419 2170 8 oak oak NNP 35419 2170 9 . . . 35419 2171 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 2171 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 2171 3 : : : 35419 2171 4 Radial Radial NNP 35419 2171 5 Section Section NNP 35419 2171 6 , , , 35419 2171 7 life life NN 35419 2171 8 size size NN 35419 2171 9 . . . 35419 2171 10 ] ] -RRB- 35419 2172 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 2172 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 2172 3 : : : 35419 2172 4 Cross cross NN 35419 2172 5 - - NN 35419 2172 6 section section NNP 35419 2172 7 , , , 35419 2172 8 magnified magnify VBN 35419 2172 9 37 37 CD 35419 2172 10 - - HYPH 35419 2172 11 1/2 1/2 CD 35419 2172 12 diameters diameter NNS 35419 2172 13 . . . 35419 2172 14 ] ] -RRB- 35419 2173 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 2173 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 2173 3 : : : 35419 2173 4 Tangential Tangential NNP 35419 2173 5 Section Section NNP 35419 2173 6 , , , 35419 2173 7 life life NN 35419 2173 8 size size NN 35419 2173 9 . . . 35419 2173 10 ] ] -RRB- 35419 2174 1 47 47 CD 35419 2174 2 WHITE WHITE NNP 35419 2174 3 OAK OAK NNP 35419 2174 4 . . . 35419 2175 1 STAVE stave JJ 35419 2175 2 OAK OAK NNP 35419 2175 3 . . . 35419 2176 1 _ _ NNP 35419 2176 2 Quercus Quercus NNP 35419 2176 3 alba alba VBZ 35419 2176 4 _ _ NNP 35419 2176 5 Linnaeus Linnaeus NNP 35419 2176 6 . . . 35419 2177 1 _ _ NNP 35419 2177 2 Quercus Quercus NNP 35419 2177 3 _ _ NNP 35419 2177 4 , , , 35419 2177 5 the the DT 35419 2177 6 classical classical JJ 35419 2177 7 Latin Latin NNP 35419 2177 8 name name NN 35419 2177 9 ; ; : 35419 2177 10 white white JJ 35419 2177 11 and and CC 35419 2177 12 _ _ NNP 35419 2177 13 alba alba VBZ 35419 2177 14 _ _ NNP 35419 2177 15 , , , 35419 2177 16 refer refer VBP 35419 2177 17 to to IN 35419 2177 18 white white JJ 35419 2177 19 bark bark NN 35419 2177 20 . . . 35419 2178 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 2178 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 2178 3 : : : 35419 2178 4 Habitat Habitat NNP 35419 2178 5 . . . 35419 2178 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 2179 1 HABITAT HABITAT NNP 35419 2179 2 : : : 35419 2179 3 ( ( -LRB- 35419 2179 4 See see VB 35419 2179 5 map map NN 35419 2179 6 ) ) -RRB- 35419 2179 7 ; ; : 35419 2179 8 best well RBS 35419 2179 9 on on IN 35419 2179 10 western western JJ 35419 2179 11 slopes slope NNS 35419 2179 12 of of IN 35419 2179 13 Southern Southern NNP 35419 2179 14 Alleghany Alleghany NNP 35419 2179 15 Mountains Mountains NNPS 35419 2179 16 , , , 35419 2179 17 and and CC 35419 2179 18 in in IN 35419 2179 19 lower low JJR 35419 2179 20 Ohio Ohio NNP 35419 2179 21 river river NN 35419 2179 22 valley valley NN 35419 2179 23 . . . 35419 2180 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 2180 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 2180 3 : : : 35419 2180 4 Leaf Leaf NNP 35419 2180 5 . . . 35419 2180 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 2181 1 CHARACTERISTICS characteristic NNS 35419 2181 2 OF of IN 35419 2181 3 THE the DT 35419 2181 4 TREE tree NN 35419 2181 5 : : : 35419 2181 6 Height height NN 35419 2181 7 , , , 35419 2181 8 80'-100 80'-100 CD 35419 2181 9 ' ' CD 35419 2181 10 ; ; : 35419 2181 11 diameter diameter NN 35419 2181 12 , , , 35419 2181 13 3'-5 3'-5 NNP 35419 2181 14 ' ' POS 35419 2181 15 ; ; : 35419 2181 16 trunk trunk NN 35419 2181 17 , , , 35419 2181 18 in in IN 35419 2181 19 forest forest NN 35419 2181 20 , , , 35419 2181 21 tall tall JJ 35419 2181 22 , , , 35419 2181 23 in in IN 35419 2181 24 open open JJ 35419 2181 25 , , , 35419 2181 26 short short JJ 35419 2181 27 ; ; : 35419 2181 28 bark bark NN 35419 2181 29 , , , 35419 2181 30 easily easily RB 35419 2181 31 distinguished distinguished JJ 35419 2181 32 , , , 35419 2181 33 light light JJ 35419 2181 34 gray gray JJ 35419 2181 35 with with IN 35419 2181 36 shallow shallow JJ 35419 2181 37 fissures fissure NNS 35419 2181 38 , , , 35419 2181 39 scaly scaly NNP 35419 2181 40 ; ; : 35419 2181 41 leaves leave NNS 35419 2181 42 , , , 35419 2181 43 rounded round VBD 35419 2181 44 lobes lobe NNS 35419 2181 45 , , , 35419 2181 46 and and CC 35419 2181 47 sinuses sinus NNS 35419 2181 48 ; ; , 35419 2181 49 acorns acorn NNS 35419 2181 50 , , , 35419 2181 51 3/4 3/4 CD 35419 2181 52 " " `` 35419 2181 53 to to IN 35419 2181 54 1 1 CD 35419 2181 55 " " `` 35419 2181 56 long long JJ 35419 2181 57 , , , 35419 2181 58 ripen ripen JJ 35419 2181 59 first first JJ 35419 2181 60 year year NN 35419 2181 61 . . . 35419 2182 1 APPEARANCE APPEARANCE NNP 35419 2182 2 OF of IN 35419 2182 3 WOOD wood NN 35419 2182 4 : : : 35419 2182 5 Color color NN 35419 2182 6 , , , 35419 2182 7 light light NN 35419 2182 8 brown brown NNP 35419 2182 9 , , , 35419 2182 10 sap sap NN 35419 2182 11 - - HYPH 35419 2182 12 wood wood NN 35419 2182 13 paler paler NN 35419 2182 14 ; ; : 35419 2182 15 ring ring NN 35419 2182 16 - - HYPH 35419 2182 17 porous porous JJ 35419 2182 18 ; ; : 35419 2182 19 rings ring NNS 35419 2182 20 , , , 35419 2182 21 plainly plainly RB 35419 2182 22 defined define VBN 35419 2182 23 by by IN 35419 2182 24 pores pore NNS 35419 2182 25 ; ; : 35419 2182 26 grain grain NN 35419 2182 27 crooked crooked JJ 35419 2182 28 ; ; : 35419 2182 29 rays ray NNS 35419 2182 30 , , , 35419 2182 31 broad broad JJ 35419 2182 32 , , , 35419 2182 33 very very RB 35419 2182 34 conspicuous conspicuous JJ 35419 2182 35 and and CC 35419 2182 36 irregular irregular JJ 35419 2182 37 . . . 35419 2183 1 PHYSICAL PHYSICAL NNP 35419 2183 2 QUALITIES quality NNS 35419 2183 3 : : : 35419 2183 4 Heavy heavy JJ 35419 2183 5 ( ( -LRB- 35419 2183 6 8th 8th JJ 35419 2183 7 in in IN 35419 2183 8 this this DT 35419 2183 9 list list NN 35419 2183 10 ) ) -RRB- 35419 2183 11 ; ; : 35419 2183 12 50 50 CD 35419 2183 13 lbs lbs NN 35419 2183 14 . . . 35419 2184 1 per per IN 35419 2184 2 cu cu NNP 35419 2184 3 . . . 35419 2185 1 ft ft NNP 35419 2185 2 . . NNP 35419 2185 3 ; ; : 35419 2185 4 sp sp NNP 35419 2185 5 . . . 35419 2186 1 gr gr NNP 35419 2186 2 . . NNP 35419 2186 3 , , , 35419 2186 4 0.7470 0.7470 CD 35419 2186 5 ; ; : 35419 2186 6 strong strong JJ 35419 2186 7 ( ( -LRB- 35419 2186 8 23d 23d NNS 35419 2186 9 in in IN 35419 2186 10 this this DT 35419 2186 11 list list NN 35419 2186 12 ) ) -RRB- 35419 2186 13 ; ; , 35419 2186 14 elastic elastic JJ 35419 2186 15 ( ( -LRB- 35419 2186 16 32d 32d NNS 35419 2186 17 in in IN 35419 2186 18 this this DT 35419 2186 19 list list NN 35419 2186 20 ) ) -RRB- 35419 2186 21 ; ; : 35419 2186 22 hard hard JJ 35419 2186 23 ( ( -LRB- 35419 2186 24 13th 13th NN 35419 2186 25 in in IN 35419 2186 26 this this DT 35419 2186 27 list list NN 35419 2186 28 ) ) -RRB- 35419 2186 29 ; ; : 35419 2186 30 shrinkage shrinkage NN 35419 2186 31 , , , 35419 2186 32 from from IN 35419 2186 33 4 4 CD 35419 2186 34 to to TO 35419 2186 35 10 10 CD 35419 2186 36 per per NN 35419 2186 37 cent cent NN 35419 2186 38 . . . 35419 2187 1 ; ; : 35419 2187 2 warps warps NNP 35419 2187 3 and and CC 35419 2187 4 checks check NNS 35419 2187 5 considerably considerably RB 35419 2187 6 , , , 35419 2187 7 unless unless IN 35419 2187 8 carefully carefully RB 35419 2187 9 seasoned season VBN 35419 2187 10 ; ; : 35419 2187 11 very very RB 35419 2187 12 durable durable JJ 35419 2187 13 , , , 35419 2187 14 hard hard JJ 35419 2187 15 to to TO 35419 2187 16 work work VB 35419 2187 17 ; ; : 35419 2187 18 splits split VBZ 35419 2187 19 somewhat somewhat RB 35419 2187 20 hard hard JJ 35419 2187 21 , , , 35419 2187 22 very very RB 35419 2187 23 difficult difficult JJ 35419 2187 24 to to TO 35419 2187 25 nail nail VB 35419 2187 26 . . . 35419 2188 1 COMMON common JJ 35419 2188 2 USES use NNS 35419 2188 3 : : : 35419 2188 4 Interior interior JJ 35419 2188 5 finish finish NN 35419 2188 6 , , , 35419 2188 7 furniture furniture NN 35419 2188 8 , , , 35419 2188 9 construction construction NN 35419 2188 10 , , , 35419 2188 11 ship ship NN 35419 2188 12 building building NN 35419 2188 13 , , , 35419 2188 14 farm farm NN 35419 2188 15 implements implement NNS 35419 2188 16 , , , 35419 2188 17 cabinet cabinet NN 35419 2188 18 making making NN 35419 2188 19 . . . 35419 2189 1 REMARKS remarks NN 35419 2189 2 : : : 35419 2189 3 The the DT 35419 2189 4 most most RBS 35419 2189 5 important important JJ 35419 2189 6 of of IN 35419 2189 7 American american JJ 35419 2189 8 oaks oak NNS 35419 2189 9 . . . 35419 2190 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 2190 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 2190 3 : : : 35419 2190 4 Radial Radial NNP 35419 2190 5 Section Section NNP 35419 2190 6 , , , 35419 2190 7 life life NN 35419 2190 8 size size NN 35419 2190 9 . . . 35419 2190 10 ] ] -RRB- 35419 2191 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 2191 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 2191 3 : : : 35419 2191 4 Cross cross NN 35419 2191 5 - - NN 35419 2191 6 section section NNP 35419 2191 7 , , , 35419 2191 8 magnified magnify VBN 35419 2191 9 37 37 CD 35419 2191 10 - - HYPH 35419 2191 11 1/2 1/2 CD 35419 2191 12 diameters diameter NNS 35419 2191 13 . . . 35419 2191 14 ] ] -RRB- 35419 2192 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 2192 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 2192 3 : : : 35419 2192 4 Tangential Tangential NNP 35419 2192 5 Section Section NNP 35419 2192 6 , , , 35419 2192 7 life life NN 35419 2192 8 size size NN 35419 2192 9 . . . 35419 2192 10 ] ] -RRB- 35419 2193 1 48 48 CD 35419 2193 2 CORK cork NN 35419 2193 3 ELM elm NN 35419 2193 4 . . . 35419 2194 1 ROCK ROCK NNP 35419 2194 2 ELM ELM NNP 35419 2194 3 . . . 35419 2195 1 HICKORY HICKORY NNP 35419 2195 2 ELM ELM NNP 35419 2195 3 . . . 35419 2196 1 WHITE WHITE NNP 35419 2196 2 ELM ELM NNP 35419 2196 3 . . . 35419 2197 1 CLIFF CLIFF NNP 35419 2197 2 ELM ELM NNP 35419 2197 3 . . . 35419 2198 1 Cork cork NN 35419 2198 2 refers refer VBZ 35419 2198 3 to to TO 35419 2198 4 corky corky VB 35419 2198 5 ridges ridge NNS 35419 2198 6 on on IN 35419 2198 7 branches branch NNS 35419 2198 8 . . . 35419 2199 1 _ _ NNP 35419 2199 2 Ulmus Ulmus NNP 35419 2199 3 thomasi thomasi NNP 35419 2199 4 _ _ NNP 35419 2199 5 Sargent Sargent NNP 35419 2199 6 . . . 35419 2200 1 _ _ NNP 35419 2200 2 Ulmus Ulmus NNP 35419 2200 3 racemosa racemosa NN 35419 2200 4 _ _ NNP 35419 2200 5 Thomas Thomas NNP 35419 2200 6 . . . 35419 2201 1 _ _ NNP 35419 2201 2 Ulmus Ulmus NNP 35419 2201 3 _ _ NNP 35419 2201 4 , , , 35419 2201 5 the the DT 35419 2201 6 classical classical JJ 35419 2201 7 Latin latin JJ 35419 2201 8 name name NN 35419 2201 9 ; ; : 35419 2201 10 _ _ NNP 35419 2201 11 racemosa racemosa NNP 35419 2201 12 _ _ NNP 35419 2201 13 , , , 35419 2201 14 refers refer VBZ 35419 2201 15 to to IN 35419 2201 16 racemes raceme NNS 35419 2201 17 of of IN 35419 2201 18 flowers flower NNS 35419 2201 19 . . . 35419 2202 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 2202 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 2202 3 : : : 35419 2202 4 Habitat Habitat NNP 35419 2202 5 . . . 35419 2202 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 2203 1 HABITAT HABITAT NNP 35419 2203 2 : : : 35419 2203 3 ( ( -LRB- 35419 2203 4 See see VB 35419 2203 5 map map NN 35419 2203 6 ) ) -RRB- 35419 2203 7 ; ; : 35419 2203 8 best well RBS 35419 2203 9 in in IN 35419 2203 10 Ontario Ontario NNP 35419 2203 11 and and CC 35419 2203 12 southern southern JJ 35419 2203 13 Michigan Michigan NNP 35419 2203 14 . . . 35419 2204 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 2204 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 2204 3 : : : 35419 2204 4 Leaf Leaf NNP 35419 2204 5 . . . 35419 2204 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 2205 1 CHARACTERISTICS characteristic NNS 35419 2205 2 OF of IN 35419 2205 3 THE the DT 35419 2205 4 TREE tree NN 35419 2205 5 : : : 35419 2205 6 Height height NN 35419 2205 7 , , , 35419 2205 8 80'-100 80'-100 CD 35419 2205 9 ' ' CD 35419 2205 10 ; ; : 35419 2205 11 diameter diameter NN 35419 2205 12 , , , 35419 2205 13 2'-3 2'-3 CD 35419 2205 14 ' ' POS 35419 2205 15 , , , 35419 2205 16 trunk trunk NN 35419 2205 17 often often RB 35419 2205 18 clear clear JJ 35419 2205 19 for for IN 35419 2205 20 60 60 CD 35419 2205 21 ' ' '' 35419 2205 22 ; ; : 35419 2205 23 bark bark NN 35419 2205 24 , , , 35419 2205 25 gray gray JJ 35419 2205 26 tinged tinge VBD 35419 2205 27 with with IN 35419 2205 28 red red JJ 35419 2205 29 , , , 35419 2205 30 corky corky JJ 35419 2205 31 , , , 35419 2205 32 irregular irregular JJ 35419 2205 33 projections projection NNS 35419 2205 34 , , , 35419 2205 35 give give VB 35419 2205 36 shaggy shaggy JJ 35419 2205 37 appearance appearance NN 35419 2205 38 ; ; : 35419 2205 39 leaves leave NNS 35419 2205 40 , , , 35419 2205 41 obovate obovate RB 35419 2205 42 , , , 35419 2205 43 doubly doubly RB 35419 2205 44 serrate serrate NNP 35419 2205 45 , , , 35419 2205 46 3"-4 3"-4 RB 35419 2205 47 " " `` 35419 2205 48 long long JJ 35419 2205 49 ; ; : 35419 2205 50 fruit fruit NN 35419 2205 51 , , , 35419 2205 52 pubescent pubescent NN 35419 2205 53 , , , 35419 2205 54 samaras samaras NNP 35419 2205 55 . . . 35419 2206 1 APPEARANCE APPEARANCE NNP 35419 2206 2 OF of IN 35419 2206 3 WOOD wood NN 35419 2206 4 : : : 35419 2206 5 Color color NN 35419 2206 6 , , , 35419 2206 7 light light NN 35419 2206 8 brown brown JJ 35419 2206 9 or or CC 35419 2206 10 red red JJ 35419 2206 11 ; ; : 35419 2206 12 sap sap NN 35419 2206 13 - - HYPH 35419 2206 14 wood wood NN 35419 2206 15 yellowish yellowish NN 35419 2206 16 ; ; : 35419 2206 17 ring ring NN 35419 2206 18 - - HYPH 35419 2206 19 porous porous JJ 35419 2206 20 ; ; : 35419 2206 21 rings ring NNS 35419 2206 22 , , , 35419 2206 23 marked mark VBN 35419 2206 24 with with IN 35419 2206 25 one one CD 35419 2206 26 or or CC 35419 2206 27 two two CD 35419 2206 28 rows row NNS 35419 2206 29 of of IN 35419 2206 30 small small JJ 35419 2206 31 open open JJ 35419 2206 32 ducts duct NNS 35419 2206 33 ; ; : 35419 2206 34 grain grain NN 35419 2206 35 , , , 35419 2206 36 interlaced interlace VBN 35419 2206 37 ; ; : 35419 2206 38 rays ray NNS 35419 2206 39 , , , 35419 2206 40 numerous numerous JJ 35419 2206 41 , , , 35419 2206 42 obscure obscure JJ 35419 2206 43 . . . 35419 2207 1 PHYSICAL PHYSICAL NNP 35419 2207 2 QUALITIES quality NNS 35419 2207 3 : : : 35419 2207 4 Heavy heavy JJ 35419 2207 5 ( ( -LRB- 35419 2207 6 15th 15th NN 35419 2207 7 in in IN 35419 2207 8 this this DT 35419 2207 9 list list NN 35419 2207 10 ) ) -RRB- 35419 2207 11 ; ; : 35419 2207 12 45 45 CD 35419 2207 13 lbs lbs NN 35419 2207 14 . . . 35419 2208 1 per per IN 35419 2208 2 cu cu NNP 35419 2208 3 . . . 35419 2209 1 ft ft NNP 35419 2209 2 . . NNP 35419 2209 3 ; ; : 35419 2209 4 sp sp NNP 35419 2209 5 . . . 35419 2210 1 gr gr NNP 35419 2210 2 . . NNP 35419 2210 3 , , , 35419 2210 4 0.7263 0.7263 CD 35419 2210 5 ; ; : 35419 2210 6 very very RB 35419 2210 7 strong strong JJ 35419 2210 8 ( ( -LRB- 35419 2210 9 13th 13th NN 35419 2210 10 in in IN 35419 2210 11 this this DT 35419 2210 12 list list NN 35419 2210 13 ) ) -RRB- 35419 2210 14 ; ; , 35419 2210 15 elastic elastic JJ 35419 2210 16 ( ( -LRB- 35419 2210 17 22d 22d NNS 35419 2210 18 in in IN 35419 2210 19 this this DT 35419 2210 20 list list NN 35419 2210 21 ) ) -RRB- 35419 2210 22 ; ; : 35419 2210 23 hard hard JJ 35419 2210 24 ( ( -LRB- 35419 2210 25 15th 15th NN 35419 2210 26 in in IN 35419 2210 27 this this DT 35419 2210 28 list list NN 35419 2210 29 ) ) -RRB- 35419 2210 30 ; ; : 35419 2210 31 shrinkage shrinkage NN 35419 2210 32 , , , 35419 2210 33 5 5 CD 35419 2210 34 per per NN 35419 2210 35 cent cent NN 35419 2210 36 . . . 35419 2211 1 ; ; : 35419 2211 2 warps warps NNP 35419 2211 3 , , , 35419 2211 4 ........ ........ NFP 35419 2211 5 ; ; : 35419 2211 6 very very RB 35419 2211 7 durable durable JJ 35419 2211 8 ; ; : 35419 2211 9 hard hard JJ 35419 2211 10 to to TO 35419 2211 11 work work VB 35419 2211 12 ; ; : 35419 2211 13 splits split NNS 35419 2211 14 and and CC 35419 2211 15 nails nail NNS 35419 2211 16 with with IN 35419 2211 17 difficulty difficulty NN 35419 2211 18 . . . 35419 2212 1 COMMON common JJ 35419 2212 2 USES use NNS 35419 2212 3 : : : 35419 2212 4 Hubs hubs VB 35419 2212 5 , , , 35419 2212 6 agricultural agricultural JJ 35419 2212 7 implements implement NNS 35419 2212 8 , , , 35419 2212 9 sills sill NNS 35419 2212 10 , , , 35419 2212 11 bridge bridge NN 35419 2212 12 timbers timber NNS 35419 2212 13 . . . 35419 2213 1 REMARKS remarks NN 35419 2213 2 : : : 35419 2213 3 The the DT 35419 2213 4 best good JJS 35419 2213 5 of of IN 35419 2213 6 the the DT 35419 2213 7 elm elm NNP 35419 2213 8 woods wood NNS 35419 2213 9 . . . 35419 2214 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 2214 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 2214 3 : : : 35419 2214 4 Radial Radial NNP 35419 2214 5 Section Section NNP 35419 2214 6 , , , 35419 2214 7 life life NN 35419 2214 8 size size NN 35419 2214 9 . . . 35419 2214 10 ] ] -RRB- 35419 2215 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 2215 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 2215 3 : : : 35419 2215 4 Cross cross NN 35419 2215 5 - - NN 35419 2215 6 section section NNP 35419 2215 7 , , , 35419 2215 8 magnified magnify VBN 35419 2215 9 37 37 CD 35419 2215 10 - - HYPH 35419 2215 11 1/2 1/2 CD 35419 2215 12 diameters diameter NNS 35419 2215 13 . . . 35419 2215 14 ] ] -RRB- 35419 2216 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 2216 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 2216 3 : : : 35419 2216 4 Tangential Tangential NNP 35419 2216 5 Section Section NNP 35419 2216 6 , , , 35419 2216 7 life life NN 35419 2216 8 size size NN 35419 2216 9 . . . 35419 2216 10 ] ] -RRB- 35419 2217 1 49 49 CD 35419 2217 2 WHITE WHITE NNP 35419 2217 3 ELM ELM NNP 35419 2217 4 . . . 35419 2218 1 AMERICAN AMERICAN NNP 35419 2218 2 ELM ELM NNP 35419 2218 3 . . . 35419 2219 1 WATER water NN 35419 2219 2 ELM ELM NNP 35419 2219 3 . . . 35419 2220 1 Water water NN 35419 2220 2 , , , 35419 2220 3 because because IN 35419 2220 4 it -PRON- PRP 35419 2220 5 flourishes flourish VBZ 35419 2220 6 on on IN 35419 2220 7 river river NN 35419 2220 8 banks bank NNS 35419 2220 9 . . . 35419 2221 1 _ _ NNP 35419 2221 2 Ulmus Ulmus NNP 35419 2221 3 americana americana VBZ 35419 2221 4 _ _ NNP 35419 2221 5 Linnaeus Linnaeus NNP 35419 2221 6 . . . 35419 2222 1 _ _ NNP 35419 2222 2 Ulmus Ulmus NNP 35419 2222 3 _ _ NNP 35419 2222 4 , , , 35419 2222 5 the the DT 35419 2222 6 classical classical JJ 35419 2222 7 Latin Latin NNP 35419 2222 8 name name NN 35419 2222 9 . . . 35419 2223 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 2223 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 2223 3 : : : 35419 2223 4 Habitat Habitat NNP 35419 2223 5 . . . 35419 2223 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 2224 1 HABITAT HABITAT NNP 35419 2224 2 : : : 35419 2224 3 ( ( -LRB- 35419 2224 4 See see VB 35419 2224 5 map map NN 35419 2224 6 ) ) -RRB- 35419 2224 7 ; ; : 35419 2224 8 best good JJS 35419 2224 9 northward northward RB 35419 2224 10 on on IN 35419 2224 11 river river NN 35419 2224 12 bottoms bottom NNS 35419 2224 13 . . . 35419 2225 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 2225 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 2225 3 : : : 35419 2225 4 Leaf Leaf NNP 35419 2225 5 . . . 35419 2225 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 2226 1 CHARACTERISTICS characteristic NNS 35419 2226 2 OF of IN 35419 2226 3 THE the DT 35419 2226 4 TREE tree NN 35419 2226 5 : : : 35419 2226 6 Height Height NNP 35419 2226 7 , , , 35419 2226 8 90 90 CD 35419 2226 9 ' ' CD 35419 2226 10 , , , 35419 2226 11 even even RB 35419 2226 12 120 120 CD 35419 2226 13 ' ' POS 35419 2226 14 ; ; : 35419 2226 15 diameter diameter NN 35419 2226 16 , , , 35419 2226 17 3'-8 3'-8 NNP 35419 2226 18 ' ' POS 35419 2226 19 ; ; : 35419 2226 20 trunk trunk NN 35419 2226 21 , , , 35419 2226 22 usually usually RB 35419 2226 23 divides divide VBZ 35419 2226 24 at at IN 35419 2226 25 30'-40 30'-40 NNP 35419 2226 26 ' ' POS 35419 2226 27 from from IN 35419 2226 28 ground ground NN 35419 2226 29 into into IN 35419 2226 30 upright upright JJ 35419 2226 31 branches branch NNS 35419 2226 32 , , , 35419 2226 33 making make VBG 35419 2226 34 triangular triangular JJ 35419 2226 35 outline outline NN 35419 2226 36 ; ; : 35419 2226 37 bark bark NN 35419 2226 38 , , , 35419 2226 39 ashy ashy JJ 35419 2226 40 gray gray JJ 35419 2226 41 , , , 35419 2226 42 deep deep JJ 35419 2226 43 longitudinal longitudinal JJ 35419 2226 44 fissures fissure NNS 35419 2226 45 , , , 35419 2226 46 broad broad JJ 35419 2226 47 ridges ridge NNS 35419 2226 48 ; ; : 35419 2226 49 leaves leave NNS 35419 2226 50 , , , 35419 2226 51 4"-6 4"-6 CD 35419 2226 52 " " `` 35419 2226 53 long long JJ 35419 2226 54 , , , 35419 2226 55 oblique oblique NNP 35419 2226 56 obovate obovate NNP 35419 2226 57 , , , 35419 2226 58 doubly doubly RB 35419 2226 59 serrate serrate NNP 35419 2226 60 , , , 35419 2226 61 smooth smooth VB 35419 2226 62 one one CD 35419 2226 63 way way NN 35419 2226 64 ; ; : 35419 2226 65 fruit fruit NN 35419 2226 66 , , , 35419 2226 67 small small JJ 35419 2226 68 , , , 35419 2226 69 roundish roundish JJ 35419 2226 70 , , , 35419 2226 71 flat flat JJ 35419 2226 72 , , , 35419 2226 73 smooth smooth JJ 35419 2226 74 , , , 35419 2226 75 samaras samaras FW 35419 2226 76 . . . 35419 2227 1 APPEARANCE APPEARANCE NNP 35419 2227 2 OF of IN 35419 2227 3 WOOD wood NN 35419 2227 4 : : : 35419 2227 5 Color color NN 35419 2227 6 , , , 35419 2227 7 light light NN 35419 2227 8 brown brown NNP 35419 2227 9 , , , 35419 2227 10 sap sap NN 35419 2227 11 - - HYPH 35419 2227 12 wood wood NN 35419 2227 13 yellowish yellowish NN 35419 2227 14 ; ; : 35419 2227 15 ring ring NN 35419 2227 16 - - HYPH 35419 2227 17 porous porous JJ 35419 2227 18 ; ; : 35419 2227 19 rings ring NNS 35419 2227 20 , , , 35419 2227 21 marked mark VBN 35419 2227 22 by by IN 35419 2227 23 several several JJ 35419 2227 24 rows row NNS 35419 2227 25 of of IN 35419 2227 26 large large JJ 35419 2227 27 open open JJ 35419 2227 28 ducts duct NNS 35419 2227 29 ; ; : 35419 2227 30 grain grain NN 35419 2227 31 , , , 35419 2227 32 interlaced interlace VBN 35419 2227 33 ; ; : 35419 2227 34 rays ray NNS 35419 2227 35 , , , 35419 2227 36 numerous numerous JJ 35419 2227 37 , , , 35419 2227 38 thin thin JJ 35419 2227 39 . . . 35419 2228 1 PHYSICAL PHYSICAL NNP 35419 2228 2 QUALITIES quality NNS 35419 2228 3 : : : 35419 2228 4 Heavy heavy JJ 35419 2228 5 ( ( -LRB- 35419 2228 6 24th 24th NN 35419 2228 7 in in IN 35419 2228 8 this this DT 35419 2228 9 list list NN 35419 2228 10 ) ) -RRB- 35419 2228 11 ; ; : 35419 2228 12 34 34 CD 35419 2228 13 lbs lbs NN 35419 2228 14 . . . 35419 2229 1 per per IN 35419 2229 2 cu cu NNP 35419 2229 3 . . . 35419 2230 1 ft ft NNP 35419 2230 2 . . NNP 35419 2230 3 ; ; : 35419 2230 4 sp sp NNP 35419 2230 5 . . . 35419 2231 1 gr gr NNP 35419 2231 2 . . NNP 35419 2231 3 , , , 35419 2231 4 0.6506 0.6506 CD 35419 2231 5 ; ; , 35419 2231 6 strong strong JJ 35419 2231 7 ( ( -LRB- 35419 2231 8 33d 33d NNS 35419 2231 9 in in IN 35419 2231 10 this this DT 35419 2231 11 list list NN 35419 2231 12 ) ) -RRB- 35419 2231 13 ; ; : 35419 2231 14 elasticity elasticity NN 35419 2231 15 , , , 35419 2231 16 medium medium NNP 35419 2231 17 ( ( -LRB- 35419 2231 18 59th 59th NN 35419 2231 19 in in IN 35419 2231 20 this this DT 35419 2231 21 list list NN 35419 2231 22 ) ) -RRB- 35419 2231 23 ; ; : 35419 2231 24 medium medium NNP 35419 2231 25 hard hard RB 35419 2231 26 ( ( -LRB- 35419 2231 27 28th 28th NN 35419 2231 28 in in IN 35419 2231 29 this this DT 35419 2231 30 list list NN 35419 2231 31 ) ) -RRB- 35419 2231 32 ; ; : 35419 2231 33 shrinkage shrinkage NN 35419 2231 34 , , , 35419 2231 35 5 5 CD 35419 2231 36 per per NN 35419 2231 37 cent cent NN 35419 2231 38 . . . 35419 2232 1 ; ; : 35419 2232 2 warps warps NNP 35419 2232 3 ......... ......... NFP 35419 2232 4 ; ; : 35419 2232 5 not not RB 35419 2232 6 durable durable JJ 35419 2232 7 ; ; : 35419 2232 8 hard hard JJ 35419 2232 9 to to TO 35419 2232 10 work work VB 35419 2232 11 , , , 35419 2232 12 tough tough JJ 35419 2232 13 , , , 35419 2232 14 will will MD 35419 2232 15 not not RB 35419 2232 16 polish polish VB 35419 2232 17 ; ; : 35419 2232 18 splits split NNS 35419 2232 19 with with IN 35419 2232 20 difficulty difficulty NN 35419 2232 21 . . . 35419 2233 1 COMMON common JJ 35419 2233 2 USES use NNS 35419 2233 3 : : : 35419 2233 4 Cooperage cooperage NN 35419 2233 5 , , , 35419 2233 6 wheel wheel NN 35419 2233 7 stock stock NN 35419 2233 8 , , , 35419 2233 9 flooring flooring NN 35419 2233 10 . . . 35419 2234 1 REMARKS remarks NN 35419 2234 2 : : : 35419 2234 3 Favorite favorite JJ 35419 2234 4 ornamental ornamental JJ 35419 2234 5 tree tree NN 35419 2234 6 , , , 35419 2234 7 but but CC 35419 2234 8 shade shade NN 35419 2234 9 light light NN 35419 2234 10 , , , 35419 2234 11 and and CC 35419 2234 12 leaves leave NNS 35419 2234 13 fall fall VBP 35419 2234 14 early early RB 35419 2234 15 . . . 35419 2235 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 2235 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 2235 3 : : : 35419 2235 4 Radial Radial NNP 35419 2235 5 Section Section NNP 35419 2235 6 , , , 35419 2235 7 life life NN 35419 2235 8 size size NN 35419 2235 9 . . . 35419 2235 10 ] ] -RRB- 35419 2236 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 2236 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 2236 3 : : : 35419 2236 4 Cross cross NN 35419 2236 5 - - NN 35419 2236 6 section section NNP 35419 2236 7 , , , 35419 2236 8 magnified magnify VBN 35419 2236 9 37 37 CD 35419 2236 10 - - HYPH 35419 2236 11 1/2 1/2 CD 35419 2236 12 diameters diameter NNS 35419 2236 13 . . . 35419 2236 14 ] ] -RRB- 35419 2237 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 2237 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 2237 3 : : : 35419 2237 4 Tangential Tangential NNP 35419 2237 5 Section Section NNP 35419 2237 6 , , , 35419 2237 7 life life NN 35419 2237 8 size size NN 35419 2237 9 . . . 35419 2237 10 ] ] -RRB- 35419 2238 1 50 50 CD 35419 2238 2 CUCUMBER CUCUMBER NNP 35419 2238 3 TREE tree NN 35419 2238 4 . . . 35419 2239 1 MOUNTAIN mountain NN 35419 2239 2 MAGNOLIA MAGNOLIA NNP 35419 2239 3 . . . 35419 2240 1 Cucumber cucumber NN 35419 2240 2 , , , 35419 2240 3 refers refer VBZ 35419 2240 4 to to IN 35419 2240 5 the the DT 35419 2240 6 shape shape NN 35419 2240 7 of of IN 35419 2240 8 the the DT 35419 2240 9 fruit fruit NN 35419 2240 10 . . . 35419 2241 1 _ _ NNP 35419 2241 2 Magnolia Magnolia NNP 35419 2241 3 acuminata acuminata NN 35419 2241 4 _ _ NNP 35419 2241 5 Linnaeus Linnaeus NNP 35419 2241 6 . . . 35419 2242 1 _ _ NNP 35419 2242 2 Magnolia Magnolia NNP 35419 2242 3 _ _ NNP 35419 2242 4 , , , 35419 2242 5 named name VBN 35419 2242 6 for for IN 35419 2242 7 Pierre Pierre NNP 35419 2242 8 Magnol Magnol NNP 35419 2242 9 , , , 35419 2242 10 a a DT 35419 2242 11 French french JJ 35419 2242 12 botanist botanist NN 35419 2242 13 ; ; : 35419 2242 14 _ _ NNP 35419 2242 15 acuminata acuminata NN 35419 2242 16 _ _ NNP 35419 2242 17 , , , 35419 2242 18 refers refer VBZ 35419 2242 19 to to IN 35419 2242 20 pointed pointed JJ 35419 2242 21 fruit fruit NN 35419 2242 22 . . . 35419 2243 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 2243 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 2243 3 : : : 35419 2243 4 Habitat Habitat NNP 35419 2243 5 . . . 35419 2243 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 2244 1 HABITAT HABITAT NNP 35419 2244 2 : : : 35419 2244 3 ( ( -LRB- 35419 2244 4 See see VB 35419 2244 5 map map NN 35419 2244 6 ) ) -RRB- 35419 2244 7 ; ; : 35419 2244 8 best good JJS 35419 2244 9 at at IN 35419 2244 10 the the DT 35419 2244 11 base base NN 35419 2244 12 of of IN 35419 2244 13 mountains mountain NNS 35419 2244 14 in in IN 35419 2244 15 North North NNP 35419 2244 16 Carolina Carolina NNP 35419 2244 17 and and CC 35419 2244 18 South South NNP 35419 2244 19 Carolina Carolina NNP 35419 2244 20 and and CC 35419 2244 21 Tennessee Tennessee NNP 35419 2244 22 . . . 35419 2245 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 2245 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 2245 3 : : : 35419 2245 4 Leaf Leaf NNP 35419 2245 5 . . . 35419 2245 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 2246 1 CHARACTERISTICS characteristic NNS 35419 2246 2 OF of IN 35419 2246 3 THE the DT 35419 2246 4 TREE tree NN 35419 2246 5 : : : 35419 2246 6 Height height NN 35419 2246 7 , , , 35419 2246 8 60'-90 60'-90 NNP 35419 2246 9 ' ' '' 35419 2246 10 ; ; : 35419 2246 11 diameter diameter NN 35419 2246 12 , , , 35419 2246 13 3'-4 3'-4 NNP 35419 2246 14 ' ' '' 35419 2246 15 ; ; : 35419 2246 16 in in IN 35419 2246 17 forest forest NN 35419 2246 18 , , , 35419 2246 19 clear clear JJ 35419 2246 20 trunk trunk NN 35419 2246 21 for for IN 35419 2246 22 2/3 2/3 CD 35419 2246 23 of of IN 35419 2246 24 height height NN 35419 2246 25 ( ( -LRB- 35419 2246 26 40 40 CD 35419 2246 27 ' ' CD 35419 2246 28 or or CC 35419 2246 29 50 50 CD 35419 2246 30 ' ' POS 35419 2246 31 ) ) -RRB- 35419 2246 32 ; ; : 35419 2246 33 bark bark NN 35419 2246 34 , , , 35419 2246 35 dark dark JJ 35419 2246 36 brown brown NNP 35419 2246 37 , , , 35419 2246 38 thick thick JJ 35419 2246 39 , , , 35419 2246 40 furrowed furrowed JJ 35419 2246 41 ; ; : 35419 2246 42 leaves leave NNS 35419 2246 43 , , , 35419 2246 44 large large JJ 35419 2246 45 , , , 35419 2246 46 smooth smooth JJ 35419 2246 47 ; ; : 35419 2246 48 flowers flower NNS 35419 2246 49 , , , 35419 2246 50 large large JJ 35419 2246 51 greenish greenish JJ 35419 2246 52 yellow yellow NN 35419 2246 53 ; ; : 35419 2246 54 fruit fruit NN 35419 2246 55 , , , 35419 2246 56 dark dark JJ 35419 2246 57 red red JJ 35419 2246 58 " " '' 35419 2246 59 cones cone NNS 35419 2246 60 " " '' 35419 2246 61 formed form VBN 35419 2246 62 of of IN 35419 2246 63 two two CD 35419 2246 64 seeded seeded JJ 35419 2246 65 follicles follicle NNS 35419 2246 66 . . . 35419 2247 1 APPEARANCE APPEARANCE NNP 35419 2247 2 OF of IN 35419 2247 3 WOOD wood NN 35419 2247 4 : : : 35419 2247 5 Color color NN 35419 2247 6 , , , 35419 2247 7 yellow yellow JJ 35419 2247 8 brown brown NNP 35419 2247 9 , , , 35419 2247 10 thick thick JJ 35419 2247 11 sapwood sapwood NNP 35419 2247 12 , , , 35419 2247 13 lighter light JJR 35419 2247 14 ; ; : 35419 2247 15 diffuse diffuse NN 35419 2247 16 - - HYPH 35419 2247 17 porous porous JJ 35419 2247 18 ; ; : 35419 2247 19 rings ring NNS 35419 2247 20 , , , 35419 2247 21 obscure obscure JJ 35419 2247 22 ; ; : 35419 2247 23 grain grain NN 35419 2247 24 , , , 35419 2247 25 very very RB 35419 2247 26 straight straight JJ 35419 2247 27 , , , 35419 2247 28 close close JJ 35419 2247 29 , , , 35419 2247 30 satiny satiny NN 35419 2247 31 ; ; : 35419 2247 32 rays ray NNS 35419 2247 33 , , , 35419 2247 34 numerous numerous JJ 35419 2247 35 thin thin NN 35419 2247 36 . . . 35419 2248 1 PHYSICAL physical NN 35419 2248 2 QUALITIES quality NNS 35419 2248 3 : : : 35419 2248 4 Light light NN 35419 2248 5 ( ( -LRB- 35419 2248 6 45th 45th NN 35419 2248 7 in in IN 35419 2248 8 this this DT 35419 2248 9 list list NN 35419 2248 10 ) ) -RRB- 35419 2248 11 ; ; : 35419 2248 12 .... .... NFP 35419 2248 13 lbs lbs NN 35419 2248 14 . . . 35419 2249 1 per per IN 35419 2249 2 cu cu NNP 35419 2249 3 . . . 35419 2250 1 ft ft NNP 35419 2250 2 . . NNP 35419 2250 3 ; ; : 35419 2250 4 sp sp NNP 35419 2250 5 . . . 35419 2251 1 gr gr NNP 35419 2251 2 . . NNP 35419 2251 3 , , , 35419 2251 4 0.4690 0.4690 CD 35419 2251 5 ; ; : 35419 2251 6 medium medium NN 35419 2251 7 strong strong JJ 35419 2251 8 ( ( -LRB- 35419 2251 9 49th 49th NN 35419 2251 10 in in IN 35419 2251 11 this this DT 35419 2251 12 list list NN 35419 2251 13 ) ) -RRB- 35419 2251 14 ; ; , 35419 2251 15 elastic elastic JJ 35419 2251 16 ( ( -LRB- 35419 2251 17 38th 38th NN 35419 2251 18 in in IN 35419 2251 19 this this DT 35419 2251 20 list list NN 35419 2251 21 ) ) -RRB- 35419 2251 22 ; ; : 35419 2251 23 medium medium NNP 35419 2251 24 hard hard RB 35419 2251 25 ( ( -LRB- 35419 2251 26 41st 41st NN 35419 2251 27 in in IN 35419 2251 28 this this DT 35419 2251 29 list list NN 35419 2251 30 ) ) -RRB- 35419 2251 31 ; ; : 35419 2251 32 shrinkage shrinkage NN 35419 2251 33 , , , 35419 2251 34 5 5 CD 35419 2251 35 per per NN 35419 2251 36 cent cent NN 35419 2251 37 . . . 35419 2252 1 ; ; : 35419 2252 2 warps warps NNP 35419 2252 3 ......... ......... NFP 35419 2252 4 ; ; : 35419 2252 5 very very RB 35419 2252 6 durable durable JJ 35419 2252 7 ; ; : 35419 2252 8 easy easy JJ 35419 2252 9 to to TO 35419 2252 10 work work VB 35419 2252 11 ; ; : 35419 2252 12 splits split VBZ 35419 2252 13 easily easily RB 35419 2252 14 , , , 35419 2252 15 takes take VBZ 35419 2252 16 nails nail NNS 35419 2252 17 well well RB 35419 2252 18 . . . 35419 2253 1 COMMON common JJ 35419 2253 2 USES use NNS 35419 2253 3 : : : 35419 2253 4 Pump pump NN 35419 2253 5 logs log NNS 35419 2253 6 , , , 35419 2253 7 cheap cheap JJ 35419 2253 8 furniture furniture NN 35419 2253 9 , , , 35419 2253 10 shelving shelve VBG 35419 2253 11 . . . 35419 2254 1 REMARKS remarks NN 35419 2254 2 : : : 35419 2254 3 Wood wood NN 35419 2254 4 similar similar JJ 35419 2254 5 to to IN 35419 2254 6 yellow yellow JJ 35419 2254 7 poplar poplar NN 35419 2254 8 , , , 35419 2254 9 and and CC 35419 2254 10 often often RB 35419 2254 11 sold sell VBD 35419 2254 12 with with IN 35419 2254 13 it -PRON- PRP 35419 2254 14 . . . 35419 2255 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 2255 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 2255 3 : : : 35419 2255 4 Radial Radial NNP 35419 2255 5 Section Section NNP 35419 2255 6 , , , 35419 2255 7 life life NN 35419 2255 8 size size NN 35419 2255 9 . . . 35419 2255 10 ] ] -RRB- 35419 2256 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 2256 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 2256 3 : : : 35419 2256 4 Cross cross NN 35419 2256 5 - - NN 35419 2256 6 section section NNP 35419 2256 7 , , , 35419 2256 8 magnified magnify VBN 35419 2256 9 37 37 CD 35419 2256 10 - - HYPH 35419 2256 11 1/2 1/2 CD 35419 2256 12 diameters diameter NNS 35419 2256 13 . . . 35419 2256 14 ] ] -RRB- 35419 2257 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 2257 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 2257 3 : : : 35419 2257 4 Tangential Tangential NNP 35419 2257 5 Section Section NNP 35419 2257 6 , , , 35419 2257 7 life life NN 35419 2257 8 size size NN 35419 2257 9 . . . 35419 2257 10 ] ] -RRB- 35419 2258 1 51 51 CD 35419 2258 2 YELLOW YELLOW NNP 35419 2258 3 POPLAR POPLAR NNS 35419 2258 4 . . . 35419 2259 1 WHITEWOOD whitewood NN 35419 2259 2 . . . 35419 2260 1 TULIP TULIP NNP 35419 2260 2 TREE tree NN 35419 2260 3 . . . 35419 2261 1 Poplar poplar JJ 35419 2261 2 , , , 35419 2261 3 inappropriate inappropriate JJ 35419 2261 4 , , , 35419 2261 5 inasmuch inasmuch JJ 35419 2261 6 as as IN 35419 2261 7 the the DT 35419 2261 8 tree tree NN 35419 2261 9 does do VBZ 35419 2261 10 not not RB 35419 2261 11 belong belong VB 35419 2261 12 to to IN 35419 2261 13 poplar poplar JJ 35419 2261 14 family family NN 35419 2261 15 . . . 35419 2262 1 White White NNP 35419 2262 2 , , , 35419 2262 3 refers refer VBZ 35419 2262 4 inappropriately inappropriately RB 35419 2262 5 to to IN 35419 2262 6 the the DT 35419 2262 7 color color NN 35419 2262 8 of of IN 35419 2262 9 the the DT 35419 2262 10 wood wood NN 35419 2262 11 , , , 35419 2262 12 which which WDT 35419 2262 13 is be VBZ 35419 2262 14 greenish greenish JJ 35419 2262 15 yellow yellow JJ 35419 2262 16 . . . 35419 2263 1 _ _ NNP 35419 2263 2 Liriodendron Liriodendron NNP 35419 2263 3 tulipifera tulipifera NN 35419 2263 4 _ _ NNP 35419 2263 5 Linnaeus Linnaeus NNP 35419 2263 6 . . . 35419 2264 1 _ _ NNP 35419 2264 2 Liriodendron Liriodendron NNP 35419 2264 3 _ _ NNP 35419 2264 4 , , , 35419 2264 5 means mean VBZ 35419 2264 6 lily lily NN 35419 2264 7 - - HYPH 35419 2264 8 tree tree NN 35419 2264 9 ; ; : 35419 2264 10 _ _ NNP 35419 2264 11 tulipifera tulipifera NNP 35419 2264 12 _ _ NNP 35419 2264 13 means mean VBZ 35419 2264 14 tulip tulip NN 35419 2264 15 - - HYPH 35419 2264 16 bearing bearing NN 35419 2264 17 . . . 35419 2265 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 2265 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 2265 3 : : : 35419 2265 4 Habitat Habitat NNP 35419 2265 5 . . . 35419 2265 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 2266 1 HABITAT HABITAT NNP 35419 2266 2 : : : 35419 2266 3 ( ( -LRB- 35419 2266 4 See see VB 35419 2266 5 map map NN 35419 2266 6 ) ) -RRB- 35419 2266 7 ; ; : 35419 2266 8 best well RBS 35419 2266 9 in in IN 35419 2266 10 lower low JJR 35419 2266 11 Ohio Ohio NNP 35419 2266 12 valley valley NN 35419 2266 13 and and CC 35419 2266 14 southern southern JJ 35419 2266 15 Appalachian appalachian JJ 35419 2266 16 mountains mountain NNS 35419 2266 17 . . . 35419 2267 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 2267 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 2267 3 : : : 35419 2267 4 Leaf Leaf NNP 35419 2267 5 . . . 35419 2267 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 2268 1 CHARACTERISTICS characteristic NNS 35419 2268 2 OF of IN 35419 2268 3 THE the DT 35419 2268 4 TREE tree NN 35419 2268 5 : : : 35419 2268 6 Height Height NNP 35419 2268 7 , , , 35419 2268 8 70'-90 70'-90 NNP 35419 2268 9 ' ' '' 35419 2268 10 ; ; : 35419 2268 11 even even RB 35419 2268 12 200 200 CD 35419 2268 13 ' ' POS 35419 2268 14 ; ; : 35419 2268 15 diameter diameter NN 35419 2268 16 , , , 35419 2268 17 6'-8 6'-8 NNP 35419 2268 18 ' ' '' 35419 2268 19 , , , 35419 2268 20 even even RB 35419 2268 21 12 12 CD 35419 2268 22 ' ' POS 35419 2268 23 ; ; : 35419 2268 24 tall tall JJ 35419 2268 25 , , , 35419 2268 26 magnificent magnificent JJ 35419 2268 27 trunk trunk NN 35419 2268 28 , , , 35419 2268 29 unsurpassed unsurpasse VBN 35419 2268 30 in in IN 35419 2268 31 grandeur grandeur NN 35419 2268 32 by by IN 35419 2268 33 any any DT 35419 2268 34 eastern eastern JJ 35419 2268 35 American american JJ 35419 2268 36 tree tree NN 35419 2268 37 ; ; : 35419 2268 38 bark bark NN 35419 2268 39 , , , 35419 2268 40 brown brown NNP 35419 2268 41 , , , 35419 2268 42 aromatic aromatic JJ 35419 2268 43 , , , 35419 2268 44 evenly evenly RB 35419 2268 45 furrowed furrow VBN 35419 2268 46 so so IN 35419 2268 47 as as IN 35419 2268 48 to to TO 35419 2268 49 make make VB 35419 2268 50 clean clean JJ 35419 2268 51 , , , 35419 2268 52 neat neat JJ 35419 2268 53 - - HYPH 35419 2268 54 looking looking JJ 35419 2268 55 trunk trunk NN 35419 2268 56 ; ; : 35419 2268 57 leaves leave NNS 35419 2268 58 , , , 35419 2268 59 4 4 CD 35419 2268 60 lobed lobed NNP 35419 2268 61 , , , 35419 2268 62 apex apex NNP 35419 2268 63 , , , 35419 2268 64 peculiarly peculiarly RB 35419 2268 65 truncated truncate VBN 35419 2268 66 , , , 35419 2268 67 clean clean JJ 35419 2268 68 cut cut NN 35419 2268 69 ; ; : 35419 2268 70 flowers flower NNS 35419 2268 71 , , , 35419 2268 72 tulip tulip NN 35419 2268 73 - - HYPH 35419 2268 74 like like JJ 35419 2268 75 ; ; : 35419 2268 76 fruit fruit NN 35419 2268 77 , , , 35419 2268 78 cone cone NN 35419 2268 79 , , , 35419 2268 80 consisting consist VBG 35419 2268 81 of of IN 35419 2268 82 many many JJ 35419 2268 83 scales scale NNS 35419 2268 84 . . . 35419 2269 1 APPEARANCE APPEARANCE NNP 35419 2269 2 OF of IN 35419 2269 3 WOOD wood NN 35419 2269 4 : : : 35419 2269 5 Color color NN 35419 2269 6 , , , 35419 2269 7 light light JJ 35419 2269 8 greenish greenish NN 35419 2269 9 or or CC 35419 2269 10 yellow yellow NNP 35419 2269 11 brown brown NNP 35419 2269 12 , , , 35419 2269 13 sap sap NN 35419 2269 14 - - HYPH 35419 2269 15 wood wood NN 35419 2269 16 , , , 35419 2269 17 creamy creamy JJ 35419 2269 18 white white JJ 35419 2269 19 ; ; : 35419 2269 20 diffuse diffuse NN 35419 2269 21 - - HYPH 35419 2269 22 porous porous JJ 35419 2269 23 ; ; : 35419 2269 24 rings ring NNS 35419 2269 25 , , , 35419 2269 26 close close JJ 35419 2269 27 but but CC 35419 2269 28 distinct distinct JJ 35419 2269 29 ; ; : 35419 2269 30 grain grain NN 35419 2269 31 , , , 35419 2269 32 straight straight JJ 35419 2269 33 ; ; : 35419 2269 34 rays ray NNS 35419 2269 35 , , , 35419 2269 36 numerous numerous JJ 35419 2269 37 and and CC 35419 2269 38 plain plain JJ 35419 2269 39 . . . 35419 2270 1 PHYSICAL physical NN 35419 2270 2 QUALITIES quality NNS 35419 2270 3 : : : 35419 2270 4 Light light NN 35419 2270 5 ( ( -LRB- 35419 2270 6 54th 54th JJ 35419 2270 7 in in IN 35419 2270 8 this this DT 35419 2270 9 list list NN 35419 2270 10 ) ) -RRB- 35419 2270 11 ; ; : 35419 2270 12 26 26 CD 35419 2270 13 lbs lbs NN 35419 2270 14 . . . 35419 2271 1 per per IN 35419 2271 2 cu cu NNP 35419 2271 3 . . . 35419 2272 1 ft ft NNP 35419 2272 2 . . NNP 35419 2272 3 ; ; : 35419 2272 4 sp sp NNP 35419 2272 5 . . . 35419 2273 1 gr gr NNP 35419 2273 2 . . NNP 35419 2273 3 , , , 35419 2273 4 0.4230 0.4230 CD 35419 2273 5 ; ; : 35419 2273 6 medium medium NN 35419 2273 7 strong strong JJ 35419 2273 8 ( ( -LRB- 35419 2273 9 51st 51st JJ 35419 2273 10 in in IN 35419 2273 11 this this DT 35419 2273 12 list list NN 35419 2273 13 ) ) -RRB- 35419 2273 14 ; ; , 35419 2273 15 elastic elastic JJ 35419 2273 16 ( ( -LRB- 35419 2273 17 39th 39th NN 35419 2273 18 in in IN 35419 2273 19 this this DT 35419 2273 20 list list NN 35419 2273 21 ) ) -RRB- 35419 2273 22 ; ; : 35419 2273 23 soft soft JJ 35419 2273 24 ( ( -LRB- 35419 2273 25 49th 49th NN 35419 2273 26 in in IN 35419 2273 27 this this DT 35419 2273 28 list list NN 35419 2273 29 ) ) -RRB- 35419 2273 30 ; ; : 35419 2273 31 shrinkage shrinkage NN 35419 2273 32 , , , 35419 2273 33 5 5 CD 35419 2273 34 per per NN 35419 2273 35 cent cent NN 35419 2273 36 . . . 35419 2274 1 ; ; : 35419 2274 2 warps warps NNP 35419 2274 3 little little JJ 35419 2274 4 ; ; : 35419 2274 5 durable durable JJ 35419 2274 6 ; ; : 35419 2274 7 easy easy JJ 35419 2274 8 to to TO 35419 2274 9 work work VB 35419 2274 10 ; ; : 35419 2274 11 brittle brittle JJ 35419 2274 12 and and CC 35419 2274 13 does do VBZ 35419 2274 14 not not RB 35419 2274 15 split split VB 35419 2274 16 readily readily RB 35419 2274 17 , , , 35419 2274 18 nails nail NNS 35419 2274 19 very very RB 35419 2274 20 well well RB 35419 2274 21 . . . 35419 2275 1 COMMON common JJ 35419 2275 2 USES use NNS 35419 2275 3 : : : 35419 2275 4 Construction construction NN 35419 2275 5 work work NN 35419 2275 6 , , , 35419 2275 7 furniture furniture NN 35419 2275 8 , , , 35419 2275 9 interiors interior NNS 35419 2275 10 , , , 35419 2275 11 boats boat NNS 35419 2275 12 , , , 35419 2275 13 carriage carriage NN 35419 2275 14 bodies body NNS 35419 2275 15 , , , 35419 2275 16 wooden wooden JJ 35419 2275 17 pumps pump NNS 35419 2275 18 . . . 35419 2276 1 REMARKS remarks NN 35419 2276 2 : : : 35419 2276 3 Being be VBG 35419 2276 4 substituted substitute VBN 35419 2276 5 largely largely RB 35419 2276 6 for for IN 35419 2276 7 white white JJ 35419 2276 8 pine pine NN 35419 2276 9 . . . 35419 2277 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 2277 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 2277 3 : : : 35419 2277 4 Radial Radial NNP 35419 2277 5 Section Section NNP 35419 2277 6 , , , 35419 2277 7 life life NN 35419 2277 8 size size NN 35419 2277 9 . . . 35419 2277 10 ] ] -RRB- 35419 2278 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 2278 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 2278 3 : : : 35419 2278 4 Cross cross NN 35419 2278 5 - - NN 35419 2278 6 section section NNP 35419 2278 7 , , , 35419 2278 8 magnified magnify VBN 35419 2278 9 37 37 CD 35419 2278 10 - - HYPH 35419 2278 11 1/2 1/2 CD 35419 2278 12 diameters diameter NNS 35419 2278 13 . . . 35419 2278 14 ] ] -RRB- 35419 2279 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 2279 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 2279 3 : : : 35419 2279 4 Tangential Tangential NNP 35419 2279 5 Section Section NNP 35419 2279 6 , , , 35419 2279 7 life life NN 35419 2279 8 size size NN 35419 2279 9 . . . 35419 2279 10 ] ] -RRB- 35419 2280 1 52 52 CD 35419 2280 2 SWEET SWEET NNP 35419 2280 3 GUM GUM NNP 35419 2280 4 . . . 35419 2281 1 Gum gum NN 35419 2281 2 , , , 35419 2281 3 refers refer VBZ 35419 2281 4 to to IN 35419 2281 5 exudations exudation NNS 35419 2281 6 . . . 35419 2282 1 _ _ NNP 35419 2282 2 Liquidambar Liquidambar NNP 35419 2282 3 styraciflua styraciflua NN 35419 2282 4 _ _ NNP 35419 2282 5 Linnaeus Linnaeus NNP 35419 2282 6 . . . 35419 2283 1 _ _ NNP 35419 2283 2 Liquidambar Liquidambar NNP 35419 2283 3 _ _ NNP 35419 2283 4 , , , 35419 2283 5 means mean VBZ 35419 2283 6 liquid liquid JJ 35419 2283 7 gum gum NN 35419 2283 8 ; ; : 35419 2283 9 _ _ NNP 35419 2283 10 styraciflua styraciflua NN 35419 2283 11 _ _ NNP 35419 2283 12 , , , 35419 2283 13 means mean VBZ 35419 2283 14 fluid fluid JJ 35419 2283 15 resin resin NN 35419 2283 16 ( ( -LRB- 35419 2283 17 storax storax NNP 35419 2283 18 ) ) -RRB- 35419 2283 19 . . . 35419 2284 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 2284 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 2284 3 : : : 35419 2284 4 Habitat Habitat NNP 35419 2284 5 . . . 35419 2284 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 2285 1 HABITAT HABITAT NNP 35419 2285 2 : : : 35419 2285 3 ( ( -LRB- 35419 2285 4 See see VB 35419 2285 5 map map NN 35419 2285 6 ) ) -RRB- 35419 2285 7 ; ; : 35419 2285 8 best well RBS 35419 2285 9 in in IN 35419 2285 10 the the DT 35419 2285 11 lower low JJR 35419 2285 12 Mississippi Mississippi NNP 35419 2285 13 valley valley NN 35419 2285 14 . . . 35419 2286 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 2286 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 2286 3 : : : 35419 2286 4 Leaf Leaf NNP 35419 2286 5 . . . 35419 2286 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 2287 1 CHARACTERISTICS characteristic NNS 35419 2287 2 OF of IN 35419 2287 3 THE the DT 35419 2287 4 TREE tree NN 35419 2287 5 : : : 35419 2287 6 Height height NN 35419 2287 7 , , , 35419 2287 8 80'-140 80'-140 CD 35419 2287 9 ' ' POS 35419 2287 10 ; ; : 35419 2287 11 diameter diameter NN 35419 2287 12 , , , 35419 2287 13 3'-5 3'-5 NNP 35419 2287 14 ' ' POS 35419 2287 15 ; ; : 35419 2287 16 trunk trunk NN 35419 2287 17 , , , 35419 2287 18 tall tall JJ 35419 2287 19 , , , 35419 2287 20 straight straight JJ 35419 2287 21 ; ; : 35419 2287 22 bark bark NN 35419 2287 23 , , , 35419 2287 24 light light NNP 35419 2287 25 brown brown NNP 35419 2287 26 tinged tinge VBD 35419 2287 27 with with IN 35419 2287 28 red red JJ 35419 2287 29 , , , 35419 2287 30 deeply deeply RB 35419 2287 31 fissured fissured JJ 35419 2287 32 ; ; : 35419 2287 33 branchlets branchlet NNS 35419 2287 34 often often RB 35419 2287 35 having have VBG 35419 2287 36 corky corky JJ 35419 2287 37 wings wing NNS 35419 2287 38 ; ; , 35419 2287 39 leaves leave NNS 35419 2287 40 , , , 35419 2287 41 star star NN 35419 2287 42 - - HYPH 35419 2287 43 shaped shape VBN 35419 2287 44 , , , 35419 2287 45 five five CD 35419 2287 46 pointed point VBD 35419 2287 47 ; ; : 35419 2287 48 conspicuously conspicuously RB 35419 2287 49 purple purple JJ 35419 2287 50 and and CC 35419 2287 51 crimson crimson NNP 35419 2287 52 in in IN 35419 2287 53 autumn autumn NN 35419 2287 54 ; ; : 35419 2287 55 fruit fruit NN 35419 2287 56 , , , 35419 2287 57 multi multi JJ 35419 2287 58 - - JJ 35419 2287 59 capsular capsular JJ 35419 2287 60 , , , 35419 2287 61 spherical spherical JJ 35419 2287 62 , , , 35419 2287 63 persistent persistent JJ 35419 2287 64 heads head NNS 35419 2287 65 . . . 35419 2288 1 APPEARANCE APPEARANCE NNP 35419 2288 2 OF of IN 35419 2288 3 WOOD wood NN 35419 2288 4 : : : 35419 2288 5 Color color NN 35419 2288 6 , , , 35419 2288 7 light light NN 35419 2288 8 red red NNP 35419 2288 9 brown brown NNP 35419 2288 10 , , , 35419 2288 11 sap sap NN 35419 2288 12 - - HYPH 35419 2288 13 wood wood NN 35419 2288 14 almost almost RB 35419 2288 15 white white JJ 35419 2288 16 ; ; : 35419 2288 17 diffuse diffuse NN 35419 2288 18 - - HYPH 35419 2288 19 porous porous JJ 35419 2288 20 ; ; : 35419 2288 21 rings ring NNS 35419 2288 22 , , , 35419 2288 23 fine fine JJ 35419 2288 24 and and CC 35419 2288 25 difficult difficult JJ 35419 2288 26 to to TO 35419 2288 27 distinguish distinguish VB 35419 2288 28 ; ; : 35419 2288 29 grain grain NN 35419 2288 30 , , , 35419 2288 31 straight straight RB 35419 2288 32 , , , 35419 2288 33 close close JJ 35419 2288 34 , , , 35419 2288 35 polishes polish NNS 35419 2288 36 well well RB 35419 2288 37 ; ; : 35419 2288 38 rays ray NNS 35419 2288 39 , , , 35419 2288 40 numerous numerous JJ 35419 2288 41 , , , 35419 2288 42 very very RB 35419 2288 43 obscure obscure JJ 35419 2288 44 . . . 35419 2289 1 PHYSICAL physical NN 35419 2289 2 QUALITIES quality NNS 35419 2289 3 : : : 35419 2289 4 Weight weight NN 35419 2289 5 , , , 35419 2289 6 medium medium NN 35419 2289 7 ( ( -LRB- 35419 2289 8 34th 34th NN 35419 2289 9 in in IN 35419 2289 10 this this DT 35419 2289 11 list list NN 35419 2289 12 ) ) -RRB- 35419 2289 13 ; ; : 35419 2289 14 37 37 CD 35419 2289 15 lbs lbs NN 35419 2289 16 . . . 35419 2290 1 per per IN 35419 2290 2 cu cu NNP 35419 2290 3 . . . 35419 2291 1 ft ft NNP 35419 2291 2 . . NNP 35419 2291 3 ; ; : 35419 2291 4 sp sp NNP 35419 2291 5 . . . 35419 2292 1 gr gr NNP 35419 2292 2 . . NNP 35419 2292 3 , , , 35419 2292 4 0.5909 0.5909 CD 35419 2292 5 ; ; : 35419 2292 6 medium medium NN 35419 2292 7 strong strong JJ 35419 2292 8 ( ( -LRB- 35419 2292 9 52d 52d NNS 35419 2292 10 in in IN 35419 2292 11 this this DT 35419 2292 12 list list NN 35419 2292 13 ) ) -RRB- 35419 2292 14 ; ; : 35419 2292 15 elasticity elasticity NN 35419 2292 16 medium medium NN 35419 2292 17 ( ( -LRB- 35419 2292 18 44th 44th NN 35419 2292 19 in in IN 35419 2292 20 this this DT 35419 2292 21 list list NN 35419 2292 22 ) ) -RRB- 35419 2292 23 ; ; : 35419 2292 24 medium medium NNP 35419 2292 25 hard hard JJ 35419 2292 26 ( ( -LRB- 35419 2292 27 36th 36th NN 35419 2292 28 in in IN 35419 2292 29 this this DT 35419 2292 30 list list NN 35419 2292 31 ) ) -RRB- 35419 2292 32 ; ; : 35419 2292 33 shrinkage shrinkage NN 35419 2292 34 , , , 35419 2292 35 6 6 CD 35419 2292 36 per per NN 35419 2292 37 cent cent NN 35419 2292 38 . . . 35419 2293 1 ; ; : 35419 2293 2 warps warps NNP 35419 2293 3 and and CC 35419 2293 4 twists twist NNS 35419 2293 5 badly badly RB 35419 2293 6 in in IN 35419 2293 7 seasoning seasoning NN 35419 2293 8 ; ; : 35419 2293 9 not not RB 35419 2293 10 durable durable JJ 35419 2293 11 when when WRB 35419 2293 12 exposed expose VBN 35419 2293 13 ; ; : 35419 2293 14 easy easy JJ 35419 2293 15 to to TO 35419 2293 16 work work VB 35419 2293 17 ; ; : 35419 2293 18 crumbles crumble NNS 35419 2293 19 in in IN 35419 2293 20 splitting splitting NN 35419 2293 21 ; ; : 35419 2293 22 nails nail NNS 35419 2293 23 badly badly RB 35419 2293 24 . . . 35419 2294 1 COMMON common JJ 35419 2294 2 USES use NNS 35419 2294 3 : : : 35419 2294 4 Building building NN 35419 2294 5 construction construction NN 35419 2294 6 , , , 35419 2294 7 cabinet cabinet NN 35419 2294 8 - - HYPH 35419 2294 9 work work NN 35419 2294 10 , , , 35419 2294 11 veneering veneering NN 35419 2294 12 , , , 35419 2294 13 street street NN 35419 2294 14 pavement pavement NN 35419 2294 15 , , , 35419 2294 16 barrel barrel NN 35419 2294 17 staves stave NNS 35419 2294 18 and and CC 35419 2294 19 heads head NNS 35419 2294 20 . . . 35419 2295 1 REMARKS remarks NN 35419 2295 2 : : : 35419 2295 3 Largely largely RB 35419 2295 4 used use VBN 35419 2295 5 in in IN 35419 2295 6 veneers veneer NNS 35419 2295 7 , , , 35419 2295 8 because because IN 35419 2295 9 when when WRB 35419 2295 10 solid solid JJ 35419 2295 11 it -PRON- PRP 35419 2295 12 warps warp VBZ 35419 2295 13 and and CC 35419 2295 14 twists twist VBZ 35419 2295 15 badly badly RB 35419 2295 16 . . . 35419 2296 1 Exudations exudation NNS 35419 2296 2 used use VBN 35419 2296 3 in in IN 35419 2296 4 medicine medicine NN 35419 2296 5 to to IN 35419 2296 6 some some DT 35419 2296 7 extent extent NN 35419 2296 8 . . . 35419 2297 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 2297 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 2297 3 : : : 35419 2297 4 Radial Radial NNP 35419 2297 5 Section Section NNP 35419 2297 6 , , , 35419 2297 7 life life NN 35419 2297 8 size size NN 35419 2297 9 . . . 35419 2297 10 ] ] -RRB- 35419 2298 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 2298 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 2298 3 : : : 35419 2298 4 Cross cross NN 35419 2298 5 - - NN 35419 2298 6 section section NNP 35419 2298 7 , , , 35419 2298 8 magnified magnify VBN 35419 2298 9 37 37 CD 35419 2298 10 - - HYPH 35419 2298 11 1/2 1/2 CD 35419 2298 12 diameters diameter NNS 35419 2298 13 . . . 35419 2298 14 ] ] -RRB- 35419 2299 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 2299 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 2299 3 : : : 35419 2299 4 Tangential Tangential NNP 35419 2299 5 Section Section NNP 35419 2299 6 , , , 35419 2299 7 life life NN 35419 2299 8 size size NN 35419 2299 9 . . . 35419 2299 10 ] ] -RRB- 35419 2300 1 53 53 CD 35419 2300 2 SYCAMORE SYCAMORE NNP 35419 2300 3 . . . 35419 2301 1 BUTTONWOOD buttonwood NN 35419 2301 2 . . . 35419 2302 1 BUTTON BUTTON NNP 35419 2302 2 BALL BALL NNP 35419 2302 3 . . . 35419 2303 1 WATER water NN 35419 2303 2 BEECH BEECH NNP 35419 2303 3 . . . 35419 2304 1 Sycamore Sycamore NNP 35419 2304 2 , , , 35419 2304 3 from from IN 35419 2304 4 two two CD 35419 2304 5 Greek greek JJ 35419 2304 6 words word NNS 35419 2304 7 meaning mean VBG 35419 2304 8 fig fig NN 35419 2304 9 and and CC 35419 2304 10 mulberry mulberry NN 35419 2304 11 ; ; : 35419 2304 12 buttonwood buttonwood NN 35419 2304 13 and and CC 35419 2304 14 button button NN 35419 2304 15 - - HYPH 35419 2304 16 ball ball NN 35419 2304 17 , , , 35419 2304 18 refer refer VBP 35419 2304 19 to to IN 35419 2304 20 fruit fruit NN 35419 2304 21 balls ball NNS 35419 2304 22 . . . 35419 2305 1 _ _ NNP 35419 2305 2 Platanus Platanus NNP 35419 2305 3 occidentalis occidentalis NN 35419 2305 4 _ _ NNP 35419 2305 5 Linnaeus Linnaeus NNP 35419 2305 6 . . . 35419 2306 1 _ _ NNP 35419 2306 2 Platanus Platanus NNP 35419 2306 3 _ _ NNP 35419 2306 4 , , , 35419 2306 5 refers refer VBZ 35419 2306 6 to to IN 35419 2306 7 the the DT 35419 2306 8 broad broad JJ 35419 2306 9 leaves leave NNS 35419 2306 10 ; ; : 35419 2306 11 _ _ NNP 35419 2306 12 occidentalis occidentalis NNP 35419 2306 13 _ _ NNP 35419 2306 14 , , , 35419 2306 15 western western JJ 35419 2306 16 , , , 35419 2306 17 to to TO 35419 2306 18 distinguish distinguish VB 35419 2306 19 it -PRON- PRP 35419 2306 20 from from IN 35419 2306 21 European european JJ 35419 2306 22 species specie NNS 35419 2306 23 . . . 35419 2307 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 2307 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 2307 3 : : : 35419 2307 4 Habitat Habitat NNP 35419 2307 5 . . . 35419 2307 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 2308 1 HABITAT HABITAT NNP 35419 2308 2 : : : 35419 2308 3 ( ( -LRB- 35419 2308 4 See see VB 35419 2308 5 map map NN 35419 2308 6 ) ) -RRB- 35419 2308 7 ; ; : 35419 2308 8 best well RBS 35419 2308 9 in in IN 35419 2308 10 valley valley NN 35419 2308 11 of of IN 35419 2308 12 lower low JJR 35419 2308 13 Ohio Ohio NNP 35419 2308 14 and and CC 35419 2308 15 Mississippi Mississippi NNP 35419 2308 16 . . . 35419 2309 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 2309 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 2309 3 : : : 35419 2309 4 Leaf Leaf NNP 35419 2309 5 . . . 35419 2309 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 2310 1 CHARACTERISTICS characteristic NNS 35419 2310 2 OF of IN 35419 2310 3 THE the DT 35419 2310 4 TREE tree NN 35419 2310 5 : : : 35419 2310 6 Height height NN 35419 2310 7 , , , 35419 2310 8 70'-100 70'-100 CD 35419 2310 9 ' ' POS 35419 2310 10 , , , 35419 2310 11 and and CC 35419 2310 12 even even RB 35419 2310 13 170 170 CD 35419 2310 14 ' ' POS 35419 2310 15 ; ; : 35419 2310 16 diameter diameter NN 35419 2310 17 , , , 35419 2310 18 6'-12 6'-12 CD 35419 2310 19 ' ' POS 35419 2310 20 ; ; : 35419 2310 21 trunk trunk NN 35419 2310 22 , , , 35419 2310 23 commonly commonly RB 35419 2310 24 divides divide VBZ 35419 2310 25 into into IN 35419 2310 26 2 2 CD 35419 2310 27 or or CC 35419 2310 28 3 3 CD 35419 2310 29 large large JJ 35419 2310 30 branches branch NNS 35419 2310 31 , , , 35419 2310 32 limbs limb NNS 35419 2310 33 spreading spread VBG 35419 2310 34 , , , 35419 2310 35 often often RB 35419 2310 36 dividing divide VBG 35419 2310 37 angularly angularly RB 35419 2310 38 ; ; : 35419 2310 39 bark bark NN 35419 2310 40 , , , 35419 2310 41 flakes flake VBZ 35419 2310 42 off off RP 35419 2310 43 in in IN 35419 2310 44 great great JJ 35419 2310 45 irregular irregular JJ 35419 2310 46 masses masse NNS 35419 2310 47 , , , 35419 2310 48 leaving leave VBG 35419 2310 49 mottled mottle VBN 35419 2310 50 surface surface NN 35419 2310 51 , , , 35419 2310 52 greenish greenish NNP 35419 2310 53 gray gray NNP 35419 2310 54 and and CC 35419 2310 55 brown brown NNP 35419 2310 56 , , , 35419 2310 57 this this DT 35419 2310 58 peculiarity peculiarity NN 35419 2310 59 due due IN 35419 2310 60 to to IN 35419 2310 61 its -PRON- PRP$ 35419 2310 62 rigid rigid JJ 35419 2310 63 texture texture NN 35419 2310 64 ; ; : 35419 2310 65 leaves leave NNS 35419 2310 66 , , , 35419 2310 67 palmately palmately RB 35419 2310 68 3 3 CD 35419 2310 69 to to IN 35419 2310 70 5 5 CD 35419 2310 71 lobed lobed NN 35419 2310 72 , , , 35419 2310 73 4"-9 4"-9 CD 35419 2310 74 " " `` 35419 2310 75 long long JJ 35419 2310 76 , , , 35419 2310 77 petiole petiole JJ 35419 2310 78 enlarged enlarged JJ 35419 2310 79 , , , 35419 2310 80 enclosing enclose VBG 35419 2310 81 buds bud NNS 35419 2310 82 ; ; : 35419 2310 83 fruit fruit NN 35419 2310 84 , , , 35419 2310 85 large large JJ 35419 2310 86 rough rough JJ 35419 2310 87 balls ball NNS 35419 2310 88 , , , 35419 2310 89 persistent persistent JJ 35419 2310 90 through through IN 35419 2310 91 winter winter NN 35419 2310 92 . . . 35419 2311 1 APPEARANCE APPEARANCE NNP 35419 2311 2 OF of IN 35419 2311 3 WOOD wood NN 35419 2311 4 : : : 35419 2311 5 Color color NN 35419 2311 6 , , , 35419 2311 7 reddish reddish JJ 35419 2311 8 brown brown NN 35419 2311 9 , , , 35419 2311 10 sap sap NN 35419 2311 11 - - HYPH 35419 2311 12 wood wood NN 35419 2311 13 lighter light JJR 35419 2311 14 ; ; : 35419 2311 15 diffuse diffuse NN 35419 2311 16 - - HYPH 35419 2311 17 porous porous JJ 35419 2311 18 ; ; : 35419 2311 19 rings ring NNS 35419 2311 20 , , , 35419 2311 21 marked mark VBN 35419 2311 22 by by IN 35419 2311 23 broad broad JJ 35419 2311 24 bands band NNS 35419 2311 25 of of IN 35419 2311 26 small small JJ 35419 2311 27 ducts duct NNS 35419 2311 28 ; ; : 35419 2311 29 grain grain NN 35419 2311 30 , , , 35419 2311 31 cross cross NN 35419 2311 32 , , , 35419 2311 33 close close JJ 35419 2311 34 ; ; : 35419 2311 35 rays ray NNS 35419 2311 36 , , , 35419 2311 37 numerous numerous JJ 35419 2311 38 , , , 35419 2311 39 large large JJ 35419 2311 40 , , , 35419 2311 41 conspicuous conspicuous JJ 35419 2311 42 . . . 35419 2312 1 PHYSICAL physical NN 35419 2312 2 QUALITIES quality NNS 35419 2312 3 : : : 35419 2312 4 Weight weight NN 35419 2312 5 , , , 35419 2312 6 medium medium NN 35419 2312 7 ( ( -LRB- 35419 2312 8 38th 38th NN 35419 2312 9 in in IN 35419 2312 10 this this DT 35419 2312 11 list list NN 35419 2312 12 ) ) -RRB- 35419 2312 13 ; ; : 35419 2312 14 35 35 CD 35419 2312 15 lbs lbs NN 35419 2312 16 . . . 35419 2313 1 per per IN 35419 2313 2 cu cu NNP 35419 2313 3 . . . 35419 2314 1 ft ft NNP 35419 2314 2 . . NNP 35419 2314 3 ; ; : 35419 2314 4 sp sp NNP 35419 2314 5 . . . 35419 2315 1 gr gr NNP 35419 2315 2 . . NNP 35419 2315 3 , , , 35419 2315 4 0.5678 0.5678 CD 35419 2315 5 ; ; : 35419 2315 6 medium medium NN 35419 2315 7 strong strong JJ 35419 2315 8 ( ( -LRB- 35419 2315 9 54th 54th JJ 35419 2315 10 in in IN 35419 2315 11 this this DT 35419 2315 12 list list NN 35419 2315 13 ) ) -RRB- 35419 2315 14 ; ; : 35419 2315 15 elasticity elasticity NN 35419 2315 16 , , , 35419 2315 17 medium medium NN 35419 2315 18 ( ( -LRB- 35419 2315 19 43d 43d NNS 35419 2315 20 in in IN 35419 2315 21 this this DT 35419 2315 22 list list NN 35419 2315 23 ) ) -RRB- 35419 2315 24 ; ; : 35419 2315 25 medium medium NNP 35419 2315 26 hard hard RB 35419 2315 27 ( ( -LRB- 35419 2315 28 30th 30th NN 35419 2315 29 in in IN 35419 2315 30 this this DT 35419 2315 31 list list NN 35419 2315 32 ) ) -RRB- 35419 2315 33 ; ; : 35419 2315 34 shrinkage shrinkage NN 35419 2315 35 , , , 35419 2315 36 5 5 CD 35419 2315 37 per per NN 35419 2315 38 cent cent NN 35419 2315 39 . . . 35419 2316 1 ; ; : 35419 2316 2 warps warps NNP 35419 2316 3 little little JJ 35419 2316 4 ; ; : 35419 2316 5 very very RB 35419 2316 6 durable durable JJ 35419 2316 7 , , , 35419 2316 8 once once RB 35419 2316 9 used use VBN 35419 2316 10 for for IN 35419 2316 11 mummy mummy JJ 35419 2316 12 coffins coffin NNS 35419 2316 13 ; ; : 35419 2316 14 hard hard RB 35419 2316 15 to to TO 35419 2316 16 work work VB 35419 2316 17 ; ; : 35419 2316 18 splits split VBZ 35419 2316 19 very very RB 35419 2316 20 hard hard RB 35419 2316 21 . . . 35419 2317 1 COMMON common JJ 35419 2317 2 USES use NNS 35419 2317 3 : : : 35419 2317 4 Tobacco tobacco NN 35419 2317 5 boxes box NNS 35419 2317 6 , , , 35419 2317 7 yokes yoke NNS 35419 2317 8 , , , 35419 2317 9 furniture furniture NN 35419 2317 10 , , , 35419 2317 11 butcher butcher NN 35419 2317 12 blocks block NNS 35419 2317 13 . . . 35419 2318 1 REMARKS remarks NN 35419 2318 2 : : : 35419 2318 3 Trunks trunk NNS 35419 2318 4 often often RB 35419 2318 5 very very RB 35419 2318 6 large large JJ 35419 2318 7 and and CC 35419 2318 8 hollow hollow JJ 35419 2318 9 . . . 35419 2319 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 2319 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 2319 3 : : : 35419 2319 4 Radial Radial NNP 35419 2319 5 Section Section NNP 35419 2319 6 , , , 35419 2319 7 life life NN 35419 2319 8 size size NN 35419 2319 9 . . . 35419 2319 10 ] ] -RRB- 35419 2320 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 2320 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 2320 3 : : : 35419 2320 4 Cross cross NN 35419 2320 5 - - NN 35419 2320 6 section section NNP 35419 2320 7 , , , 35419 2320 8 magnified magnify VBN 35419 2320 9 37 37 CD 35419 2320 10 - - HYPH 35419 2320 11 1/2 1/2 CD 35419 2320 12 diameters diameter NNS 35419 2320 13 . . . 35419 2320 14 ] ] -RRB- 35419 2321 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 2321 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 2321 3 : : : 35419 2321 4 Tangential Tangential NNP 35419 2321 5 Section Section NNP 35419 2321 6 , , , 35419 2321 7 life life NN 35419 2321 8 size size NN 35419 2321 9 . . . 35419 2321 10 ] ] -RRB- 35419 2322 1 54 54 CD 35419 2322 2 WILD WILD NNP 35419 2322 3 BLACK black NN 35419 2322 4 CHERRY cherry NN 35419 2322 5 . . . 35419 2323 1 _ _ NNP 35419 2323 2 Padus Padus NNP 35419 2323 3 serotina serotina NNP 35419 2323 4 _ _ NNP 35419 2323 5 ( ( -LRB- 35419 2323 6 Ehrhart Ehrhart NNP 35419 2323 7 ) ) -RRB- 35419 2323 8 Agardh Agardh NNP 35419 2323 9 . . . 35419 2324 1 _ _ NNP 35419 2324 2 Prunus Prunus NNP 35419 2324 3 serotina serotina NNP 35419 2324 4 _ _ NNP 35419 2324 5 Ehrhart Ehrhart NNP 35419 2324 6 . . . 35419 2325 1 _ _ NNP 35419 2325 2 Padus Padus NNP 35419 2325 3 _ _ NNP 35419 2325 4 , , , 35419 2325 5 the the DT 35419 2325 6 old old JJ 35419 2325 7 Greek greek JJ 35419 2325 8 name name NN 35419 2325 9 ; ; : 35419 2325 10 _ _ NNP 35419 2325 11 prunus prunus NN 35419 2325 12 _ _ NNP 35419 2325 13 , , , 35419 2325 14 the the DT 35419 2325 15 classical classical JJ 35419 2325 16 Latin latin JJ 35419 2325 17 name name NN 35419 2325 18 ; ; : 35419 2325 19 _ _ NNP 35419 2325 20 serotina serotina NNP 35419 2325 21 _ _ NNP 35419 2325 22 , , , 35419 2325 23 because because IN 35419 2325 24 it -PRON- PRP 35419 2325 25 blossoms blossom NNS 35419 2325 26 late late RB 35419 2325 27 ( ( -LRB- 35419 2325 28 June June NNP 35419 2325 29 ) ) -RRB- 35419 2325 30 . . . 35419 2326 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 2326 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 2326 3 : : : 35419 2326 4 Habitat Habitat NNP 35419 2326 5 . . . 35419 2326 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 2327 1 HABITAT HABITAT NNP 35419 2327 2 : : : 35419 2327 3 ( ( -LRB- 35419 2327 4 See see VB 35419 2327 5 map map NN 35419 2327 6 ) ) -RRB- 35419 2327 7 ; ; : 35419 2327 8 best well RBS 35419 2327 9 on on IN 35419 2327 10 southern southern JJ 35419 2327 11 Allegheny Allegheny NNP 35419 2327 12 mountains mountain NNS 35419 2327 13 . . . 35419 2328 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 2328 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 2328 3 : : : 35419 2328 4 Leaf Leaf NNP 35419 2328 5 . . . 35419 2328 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 2329 1 CHARACTERISTICS characteristic NNS 35419 2329 2 OF of IN 35419 2329 3 THE the DT 35419 2329 4 TREE tree NN 35419 2329 5 : : : 35419 2329 6 Height height NN 35419 2329 7 , , , 35419 2329 8 40'-50 40'-50 NNP 35419 2329 9 ' ' POS 35419 2329 10 , , , 35419 2329 11 even even RB 35419 2329 12 100 100 CD 35419 2329 13 ' ' POS 35419 2329 14 ; ; : 35419 2329 15 diameter diameter NN 35419 2329 16 , , , 35419 2329 17 2'-4 2'-4 NNP 35419 2329 18 ' ' POS 35419 2329 19 ; ; : 35419 2329 20 straight straight JJ 35419 2329 21 , , , 35419 2329 22 columnar columnar JJ 35419 2329 23 trunk trunk NN 35419 2329 24 , , , 35419 2329 25 often often RB 35419 2329 26 free free JJ 35419 2329 27 from from IN 35419 2329 28 branches branch NNS 35419 2329 29 for for IN 35419 2329 30 70 70 CD 35419 2329 31 ' ' POS 35419 2329 32 ; ; : 35419 2329 33 bark bark NN 35419 2329 34 , , , 35419 2329 35 blackish blackish NN 35419 2329 36 and and CC 35419 2329 37 rough rough JJ 35419 2329 38 , , , 35419 2329 39 fissured fissure VBN 35419 2329 40 in in IN 35419 2329 41 all all DT 35419 2329 42 directions direction NNS 35419 2329 43 , , , 35419 2329 44 broken break VBN 35419 2329 45 into into IN 35419 2329 46 small small JJ 35419 2329 47 , , , 35419 2329 48 irregular irregular JJ 35419 2329 49 , , , 35419 2329 50 scaly scaly NN 35419 2329 51 plates plate NNS 35419 2329 52 , , , 35419 2329 53 with with IN 35419 2329 54 raised raise VBN 35419 2329 55 edges edge NNS 35419 2329 56 ; ; : 35419 2329 57 leaves leave NNS 35419 2329 58 , , , 35419 2329 59 oblong oblong JJ 35419 2329 60 to to IN 35419 2329 61 lanceolate lanceolate NN 35419 2329 62 , , , 35419 2329 63 deep deep JJ 35419 2329 64 , , , 35419 2329 65 shiny shiny JJ 35419 2329 66 green green JJ 35419 2329 67 ; ; : 35419 2329 68 fruit fruit NN 35419 2329 69 , , , 35419 2329 70 black black JJ 35419 2329 71 drupe drupe NN 35419 2329 72 , , , 35419 2329 73 1/2 1/2 CD 35419 2329 74 " " '' 35419 2329 75 . . . 35419 2330 1 APPEARANCE APPEARANCE NNP 35419 2330 2 OF of IN 35419 2330 3 WOOD wood NN 35419 2330 4 : : : 35419 2330 5 Color color NN 35419 2330 6 , , , 35419 2330 7 light light NN 35419 2330 8 brown brown JJ 35419 2330 9 or or CC 35419 2330 10 red red JJ 35419 2330 11 , , , 35419 2330 12 sap sap NN 35419 2330 13 - - HYPH 35419 2330 14 wood wood NN 35419 2330 15 yellow yellow NN 35419 2330 16 ; ; : 35419 2330 17 diffuse diffuse NN 35419 2330 18 - - HYPH 35419 2330 19 porous porous JJ 35419 2330 20 ; ; : 35419 2330 21 rings ring NNS 35419 2330 22 , , , 35419 2330 23 obscure obscure JJ 35419 2330 24 ; ; : 35419 2330 25 grain grain NN 35419 2330 26 , , , 35419 2330 27 straight straight RB 35419 2330 28 , , , 35419 2330 29 close close JJ 35419 2330 30 , , , 35419 2330 31 fine fine JJ 35419 2330 32 , , , 35419 2330 33 takes take VBZ 35419 2330 34 fine fine JJ 35419 2330 35 polish polish NN 35419 2330 36 ; ; : 35419 2330 37 rays ray NNS 35419 2330 38 , , , 35419 2330 39 numerous numerous JJ 35419 2330 40 . . . 35419 2331 1 PHYSICAL physical NN 35419 2331 2 QUALITIES quality NNS 35419 2331 3 : : : 35419 2331 4 Weight weight NN 35419 2331 5 , , , 35419 2331 6 medium medium NN 35419 2331 7 ( ( -LRB- 35419 2331 8 35th 35th NN 35419 2331 9 in in IN 35419 2331 10 this this DT 35419 2331 11 list list NN 35419 2331 12 ) ) -RRB- 35419 2331 13 ; ; : 35419 2331 14 36 36 CD 35419 2331 15 lbs lbs NN 35419 2331 16 . . . 35419 2332 1 per per IN 35419 2332 2 cu cu NNP 35419 2332 3 . . . 35419 2333 1 ft ft NNP 35419 2333 2 . . NNP 35419 2333 3 ; ; : 35419 2333 4 sp sp NNP 35419 2333 5 . . . 35419 2334 1 gr gr NNP 35419 2334 2 . . NNP 35419 2334 3 , , , 35419 2334 4 0.5822 0.5822 CD 35419 2334 5 ; ; : 35419 2334 6 strong strong JJ 35419 2334 7 ( ( -LRB- 35419 2334 8 35th 35th NN 35419 2334 9 in in IN 35419 2334 10 this this DT 35419 2334 11 list list NN 35419 2334 12 ) ) -RRB- 35419 2334 13 ; ; : 35419 2334 14 elasticity elasticity NN 35419 2334 15 medium medium NN 35419 2334 16 ( ( -LRB- 35419 2334 17 45th 45th NN 35419 2334 18 in in IN 35419 2334 19 this this DT 35419 2334 20 list list NN 35419 2334 21 ) ) -RRB- 35419 2334 22 ; ; : 35419 2334 23 hard hard JJ 35419 2334 24 ( ( -LRB- 35419 2334 25 16th 16th JJ 35419 2334 26 in in IN 35419 2334 27 this this DT 35419 2334 28 list list NN 35419 2334 29 ) ) -RRB- 35419 2334 30 ; ; : 35419 2334 31 shrinkage shrinkage NN 35419 2334 32 , , , 35419 2334 33 5 5 CD 35419 2334 34 per per NN 35419 2334 35 cent cent NN 35419 2334 36 . . . 35419 2335 1 ; ; : 35419 2335 2 warps warps NNP 35419 2335 3 , , , 35419 2335 4 little little JJ 35419 2335 5 ; ; : 35419 2335 6 durability durability NN 35419 2335 7 ......... ......... NFP 35419 2335 8 ; ; : 35419 2335 9 easily easily RB 35419 2335 10 worked work VBN 35419 2335 11 ; ; : 35419 2335 12 splits split VBZ 35419 2335 13 easily easily RB 35419 2335 14 , , , 35419 2335 15 must must MD 35419 2335 16 be be VB 35419 2335 17 nailed nail VBN 35419 2335 18 with with IN 35419 2335 19 care care NN 35419 2335 20 . . . 35419 2336 1 COMMON common JJ 35419 2336 2 USES use NNS 35419 2336 3 : : : 35419 2336 4 Cabinet cabinet NN 35419 2336 5 - - HYPH 35419 2336 6 work work NN 35419 2336 7 , , , 35419 2336 8 costly costly JJ 35419 2336 9 interior interior JJ 35419 2336 10 trim trim NN 35419 2336 11 . . . 35419 2337 1 REMARKS remarks NN 35419 2337 2 : : : 35419 2337 3 Grows grow VBZ 35419 2337 4 rapidly rapidly RB 35419 2337 5 . . . 35419 2338 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 2338 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 2338 3 : : : 35419 2338 4 Radial Radial NNP 35419 2338 5 Section Section NNP 35419 2338 6 , , , 35419 2338 7 life life NN 35419 2338 8 size size NN 35419 2338 9 . . . 35419 2338 10 ] ] -RRB- 35419 2339 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 2339 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 2339 3 : : : 35419 2339 4 Cross cross NN 35419 2339 5 - - NN 35419 2339 6 section section NNP 35419 2339 7 , , , 35419 2339 8 magnified magnify VBN 35419 2339 9 37 37 CD 35419 2339 10 - - HYPH 35419 2339 11 1/2 1/2 CD 35419 2339 12 diameters diameter NNS 35419 2339 13 . . . 35419 2339 14 ] ] -RRB- 35419 2340 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 2340 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 2340 3 : : : 35419 2340 4 Tangential Tangential NNP 35419 2340 5 Section Section NNP 35419 2340 6 , , , 35419 2340 7 life life NN 35419 2340 8 size size NN 35419 2340 9 . . . 35419 2340 10 ] ] -RRB- 35419 2341 1 55 55 CD 35419 2341 2 BLACK black NN 35419 2341 3 LOCUST LOCUST NNS 35419 2341 4 . . . 35419 2342 1 LOCUST LOCUST NNP 35419 2342 2 . . . 35419 2343 1 YELLOW YELLOW NNP 35419 2343 2 LOCUST LOCUST NNP 35419 2343 3 . . . 35419 2344 1 Yellow yellow JJ 35419 2344 2 , , , 35419 2344 3 from from IN 35419 2344 4 color color NN 35419 2344 5 of of IN 35419 2344 6 sap sap NN 35419 2344 7 - - HYPH 35419 2344 8 wood wood NN 35419 2344 9 . . . 35419 2345 1 _ _ NNP 35419 2345 2 Robinia Robinia NNP 35419 2345 3 pseudacacia pseudacacia NN 35419 2345 4 _ _ NNP 35419 2345 5 Linnaeus Linnaeus NNP 35419 2345 6 . . . 35419 2346 1 _ _ NNP 35419 2346 2 Robinia Robinia NNP 35419 2346 3 _ _ NNP 35419 2346 4 , , , 35419 2346 5 in in IN 35419 2346 6 honor honor NN 35419 2346 7 of of IN 35419 2346 8 Jean Jean NNP 35419 2346 9 Robin Robin NNP 35419 2346 10 , , , 35419 2346 11 of of IN 35419 2346 12 France France NNP 35419 2346 13 ; ; : 35419 2346 14 _ _ NNP 35419 2346 15 pseudacacia pseudacacia NNP 35419 2346 16 _ _ NNP 35419 2346 17 , , , 35419 2346 18 means mean VBZ 35419 2346 19 false false JJ 35419 2346 20 acacia acacia NN 35419 2346 21 . . . 35419 2347 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 2347 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 2347 3 : : : 35419 2347 4 Habitat Habitat NNP 35419 2347 5 . . . 35419 2347 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 2348 1 HABITAT HABITAT NNP 35419 2348 2 : : : 35419 2348 3 ( ( -LRB- 35419 2348 4 See see VB 35419 2348 5 map map NN 35419 2348 6 ) ) -RRB- 35419 2348 7 ; ; : 35419 2348 8 best well RBS 35419 2348 9 on on IN 35419 2348 10 western western JJ 35419 2348 11 Allegheny Allegheny NNP 35419 2348 12 mountains mountain NNS 35419 2348 13 in in IN 35419 2348 14 West West NNP 35419 2348 15 Virginia Virginia NNP 35419 2348 16 . . . 35419 2349 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 2349 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 2349 3 : : : 35419 2349 4 Leaf Leaf NNP 35419 2349 5 . . . 35419 2349 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 2350 1 CHARACTERISTICS characteristic NNS 35419 2350 2 OF of IN 35419 2350 3 THE the DT 35419 2350 4 TREE tree NN 35419 2350 5 : : : 35419 2350 6 Height Height NNP 35419 2350 7 , , , 35419 2350 8 50'-80 50'-80 NNP 35419 2350 9 ' ' POS 35419 2350 10 ; ; : 35419 2350 11 diameter diameter NN 35419 2350 12 , , , 35419 2350 13 3'-4 3'-4 NNP 35419 2350 14 ' ' '' 35419 2350 15 ; ; : 35419 2350 16 bark bark NN 35419 2350 17 , , , 35419 2350 18 strikingly strikingly RB 35419 2350 19 deeply deeply RB 35419 2350 20 furrowed furrowed JJ 35419 2350 21 , , , 35419 2350 22 dark dark JJ 35419 2350 23 brown brown NN 35419 2350 24 ; ; : 35419 2350 25 prickles prickle NNS 35419 2350 26 on on IN 35419 2350 27 small small JJ 35419 2350 28 branches branch NNS 35419 2350 29 , , , 35419 2350 30 grows grow VBZ 35419 2350 31 fast fast RB 35419 2350 32 , , , 35419 2350 33 forms form NNS 35419 2350 34 thickets thicket NNS 35419 2350 35 , , , 35419 2350 36 on on IN 35419 2350 37 account account NN 35419 2350 38 of of IN 35419 2350 39 underground underground JJ 35419 2350 40 shoots shoot NNS 35419 2350 41 ; ; : 35419 2350 42 leaves leave NNS 35419 2350 43 , , , 35419 2350 44 8"-14 8"-14 JJ 35419 2350 45 " " `` 35419 2350 46 long long JJ 35419 2350 47 , , , 35419 2350 48 pinnately pinnately RB 35419 2350 49 compound compound JJ 35419 2350 50 ; ; : 35419 2350 51 7 7 CD 35419 2350 52 to to TO 35419 2350 53 9 9 CD 35419 2350 54 leaflets leaflet NNS 35419 2350 55 , , , 35419 2350 56 close close JJ 35419 2350 57 at at IN 35419 2350 58 night night NN 35419 2350 59 and and CC 35419 2350 60 in in IN 35419 2350 61 rainy rainy JJ 35419 2350 62 weather weather NN 35419 2350 63 ; ; , 35419 2350 64 fruit fruit NN 35419 2350 65 , , , 35419 2350 66 pod pod NNP 35419 2350 67 3"-4 3"-4 NNP 35419 2350 68 " " `` 35419 2350 69 long long JJ 35419 2350 70 . . . 35419 2351 1 APPEARANCE APPEARANCE NNP 35419 2351 2 OF of IN 35419 2351 3 WOOD wood NN 35419 2351 4 : : : 35419 2351 5 Color color NN 35419 2351 6 , , , 35419 2351 7 brown brown NNP 35419 2351 8 , , , 35419 2351 9 sap sap NN 35419 2351 10 - - HYPH 35419 2351 11 wood wood NN 35419 2351 12 thin thin JJ 35419 2351 13 , , , 35419 2351 14 yellowish yellowish JJ 35419 2351 15 ; ; : 35419 2351 16 ring ring NN 35419 2351 17 - - HYPH 35419 2351 18 porous porous JJ 35419 2351 19 ; ; : 35419 2351 20 rings ring NNS 35419 2351 21 , , , 35419 2351 22 clearly clearly RB 35419 2351 23 marked mark VBN 35419 2351 24 by by IN 35419 2351 25 2 2 CD 35419 2351 26 or or CC 35419 2351 27 3 3 CD 35419 2351 28 rows row NNS 35419 2351 29 of of IN 35419 2351 30 large large JJ 35419 2351 31 open open JJ 35419 2351 32 ducts duct NNS 35419 2351 33 ; ; : 35419 2351 34 grain grain NN 35419 2351 35 , , , 35419 2351 36 crooked crooked JJ 35419 2351 37 , , , 35419 2351 38 compact compact JJ 35419 2351 39 . . . 35419 2352 1 PHYSICAL PHYSICAL NNP 35419 2352 2 QUALITIES quality NNS 35419 2352 3 : : : 35419 2352 4 Heavy Heavy NNP 35419 2352 5 ( ( -LRB- 35419 2352 6 12th 12th NN 35419 2352 7 in in IN 35419 2352 8 this this DT 35419 2352 9 list list NN 35419 2352 10 ) ) -RRB- 35419 2352 11 ; ; : 35419 2352 12 45 45 CD 35419 2352 13 lbs lbs NN 35419 2352 14 . . . 35419 2353 1 per per IN 35419 2353 2 cu cu NNP 35419 2353 3 . . . 35419 2354 1 ft ft NNP 35419 2354 2 . . NNP 35419 2354 3 ; ; : 35419 2354 4 sp sp NNP 35419 2354 5 . . . 35419 2355 1 gr gr NNP 35419 2355 2 . . NNP 35419 2355 3 , , , 35419 2355 4 0.7333 0.7333 NNP 35419 2355 5 ; ; : 35419 2355 6 very very RB 35419 2355 7 strong strong JJ 35419 2355 8 ( ( -LRB- 35419 2355 9 1st 1st NN 35419 2355 10 in in IN 35419 2355 11 this this DT 35419 2355 12 list list NN 35419 2355 13 ) ) -RRB- 35419 2355 14 ; ; , 35419 2355 15 elastic elastic JJ 35419 2355 16 ( ( -LRB- 35419 2355 17 9th 9th NN 35419 2355 18 in in IN 35419 2355 19 this this DT 35419 2355 20 list list NN 35419 2355 21 ) ) -RRB- 35419 2355 22 ; ; : 35419 2355 23 very very RB 35419 2355 24 hard hard JJ 35419 2355 25 ( ( -LRB- 35419 2355 26 6th 6th NN 35419 2355 27 in in IN 35419 2355 28 this this DT 35419 2355 29 list list NN 35419 2355 30 ) ) -RRB- 35419 2355 31 ; ; : 35419 2355 32 shrinkage shrinkage NN 35419 2355 33 , , , 35419 2355 34 5 5 CD 35419 2355 35 per per NN 35419 2355 36 cent cent NN 35419 2355 37 . . . 35419 2356 1 ; ; : 35419 2356 2 warps warps NNP 35419 2356 3 badly badly RB 35419 2356 4 , , , 35419 2356 5 very very RB 35419 2356 6 durable durable JJ 35419 2356 7 ; ; : 35419 2356 8 hard hard JJ 35419 2356 9 to to TO 35419 2356 10 work work VB 35419 2356 11 , , , 35419 2356 12 tough tough JJ 35419 2356 13 ; ; : 35419 2356 14 splits split NNS 35419 2356 15 in in IN 35419 2356 16 nailing nail VBG 35419 2356 17 . . . 35419 2357 1 COMMON common JJ 35419 2357 2 USES use NNS 35419 2357 3 : : : 35419 2357 4 Shipbuilding shipbuilding NN 35419 2357 5 , , , 35419 2357 6 construction construction NN 35419 2357 7 , , , 35419 2357 8 " " `` 35419 2357 9 tree tree NN 35419 2357 10 - - HYPH 35419 2357 11 nails nail NNS 35419 2357 12 " " '' 35419 2357 13 or or CC 35419 2357 14 pins pin NNS 35419 2357 15 , , , 35419 2357 16 wagon wagon NN 35419 2357 17 hubs hub NNS 35419 2357 18 . . . 35419 2358 1 REMARKS remarks NN 35419 2358 2 : : : 35419 2358 3 Widely widely RB 35419 2358 4 planted plant VBN 35419 2358 5 and and CC 35419 2358 6 cultivated cultivate VBN 35419 2358 7 east east NNP 35419 2358 8 and and CC 35419 2358 9 west west NNP 35419 2358 10 . . . 35419 2359 1 Likely likely JJ 35419 2359 2 to to TO 35419 2359 3 be be VB 35419 2359 4 infested infest VBN 35419 2359 5 with with IN 35419 2359 6 borers borer NNS 35419 2359 7 . . . 35419 2360 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 2360 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 2360 3 : : : 35419 2360 4 Radial Radial NNP 35419 2360 5 Section Section NNP 35419 2360 6 , , , 35419 2360 7 life life NN 35419 2360 8 size size NN 35419 2360 9 . . . 35419 2360 10 ] ] -RRB- 35419 2361 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 2361 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 2361 3 : : : 35419 2361 4 Cross cross NN 35419 2361 5 - - NN 35419 2361 6 section section NNP 35419 2361 7 , , , 35419 2361 8 magnified magnify VBN 35419 2361 9 37 37 CD 35419 2361 10 - - HYPH 35419 2361 11 1/2 1/2 CD 35419 2361 12 diameters diameter NNS 35419 2361 13 . . . 35419 2361 14 ] ] -RRB- 35419 2362 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 2362 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 2362 3 : : : 35419 2362 4 Tangential Tangential NNP 35419 2362 5 Section Section NNP 35419 2362 6 , , , 35419 2362 7 life life NN 35419 2362 8 size size NN 35419 2362 9 . . . 35419 2362 10 ] ] -RRB- 35419 2363 1 56 56 CD 35419 2363 2 MAHOGANY MAHOGANY NNS 35419 2363 3 . . . 35419 2364 1 _ _ NNP 35419 2364 2 Swietenia Swietenia NNP 35419 2364 3 mahagoni mahagoni RB 35419 2364 4 _ _ NNP 35419 2364 5 Jacquin Jacquin NNP 35419 2364 6 . . . 35419 2365 1 _ _ NNP 35419 2365 2 Swietenia Swietenia NNP 35419 2365 3 _ _ NNP 35419 2365 4 , , , 35419 2365 5 in in IN 35419 2365 6 honor honor NN 35419 2365 7 of of IN 35419 2365 8 Dr. Dr. NNP 35419 2365 9 Gerard Gerard NNP 35419 2365 10 Van Van NNP 35419 2365 11 Swieten Swieten NNP 35419 2365 12 of of IN 35419 2365 13 Austria Austria NNP 35419 2365 14 ; ; : 35419 2365 15 _ _ NNP 35419 2365 16 mahagoni mahagoni NNP 35419 2365 17 _ _ NNP 35419 2365 18 , , , 35419 2365 19 a a DT 35419 2365 20 South south JJ 35419 2365 21 American american JJ 35419 2365 22 word word NN 35419 2365 23 . . . 35419 2366 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 2366 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 2366 3 : : : 35419 2366 4 Habitat Habitat NNP 35419 2366 5 . . . 35419 2366 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 2367 1 HABITAT HABITAT NNP 35419 2367 2 : : : 35419 2367 3 ( ( -LRB- 35419 2367 4 See see VB 35419 2367 5 map map NN 35419 2367 6 ) ) -RRB- 35419 2367 7 ; ; : 35419 2367 8 only only RB 35419 2367 9 on on IN 35419 2367 10 Florida Florida NNP 35419 2367 11 Keys Keys NNPS 35419 2367 12 in in IN 35419 2367 13 the the DT 35419 2367 14 United United NNP 35419 2367 15 States States NNP 35419 2367 16 . . . 35419 2368 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 2368 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 2368 3 : : : 35419 2368 4 Leaf Leaf NNP 35419 2368 5 . . . 35419 2368 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 2369 1 CHARACTERISTICS characteristic NNS 35419 2369 2 OF of IN 35419 2369 3 THE the DT 35419 2369 4 TREE tree NN 35419 2369 5 : : : 35419 2369 6 Height height NN 35419 2369 7 , , , 35419 2369 8 40'-50 40'-50 NNP 35419 2369 9 ' ' POS 35419 2369 10 ; ; : 35419 2369 11 diameter diameter NN 35419 2369 12 , , , 35419 2369 13 2 2 CD 35419 2369 14 ' ' '' 35419 2369 15 or or CC 35419 2369 16 more more JJR 35419 2369 17 , , , 35419 2369 18 foreign foreign JJ 35419 2369 19 trees tree NNS 35419 2369 20 larger large JJR 35419 2369 21 ; ; , 35419 2369 22 immense immense JJ 35419 2369 23 buttresses buttress NNS 35419 2369 24 at at IN 35419 2369 25 base base NN 35419 2369 26 of of IN 35419 2369 27 trunk trunk NN 35419 2369 28 ; ; : 35419 2369 29 bark bark NN 35419 2369 30 , , , 35419 2369 31 thick thick JJ 35419 2369 32 , , , 35419 2369 33 dark dark JJ 35419 2369 34 red red JJ 35419 2369 35 - - HYPH 35419 2369 36 brown brown JJ 35419 2369 37 , , , 35419 2369 38 having have VBG 35419 2369 39 surface surface NN 35419 2369 40 of of IN 35419 2369 41 broad broad JJ 35419 2369 42 , , , 35419 2369 43 thick thick JJ 35419 2369 44 scales scale NNS 35419 2369 45 ; ; : 35419 2369 46 leaves leave NNS 35419 2369 47 , , , 35419 2369 48 4"-6 4"-6 CD 35419 2369 49 " " `` 35419 2369 50 long long JJ 35419 2369 51 , , , 35419 2369 52 compound compound NN 35419 2369 53 , , , 35419 2369 54 4 4 CD 35419 2369 55 pairs pair NNS 35419 2369 56 of of IN 35419 2369 57 leaflets leaflet NNS 35419 2369 58 ; ; : 35419 2369 59 fruit fruit NN 35419 2369 60 , , , 35419 2369 61 4"-5 4"-5 NNP 35419 2369 62 " " `` 35419 2369 63 long long JJ 35419 2369 64 , , , 35419 2369 65 containing contain VBG 35419 2369 66 seeds seed NNS 35419 2369 67 . . . 35419 2370 1 APPEARANCE APPEARANCE NNP 35419 2370 2 OF of IN 35419 2370 3 WOOD wood NN 35419 2370 4 : : : 35419 2370 5 Color color NN 35419 2370 6 , , , 35419 2370 7 red red JJ 35419 2370 8 - - HYPH 35419 2370 9 brown brown JJ 35419 2370 10 , , , 35419 2370 11 sap sap NN 35419 2370 12 - - HYPH 35419 2370 13 wood wood NN 35419 2370 14 , , , 35419 2370 15 thin thin JJ 35419 2370 16 , , , 35419 2370 17 yellow yellow JJ 35419 2370 18 ; ; : 35419 2370 19 diffuse diffuse NN 35419 2370 20 - - HYPH 35419 2370 21 porous porous JJ 35419 2370 22 ; ; : 35419 2370 23 rings ring NNS 35419 2370 24 , , , 35419 2370 25 inconspicuous inconspicuous JJ 35419 2370 26 ; ; : 35419 2370 27 grain grain NN 35419 2370 28 , , , 35419 2370 29 crooked crooked JJ 35419 2370 30 ; ; : 35419 2370 31 rays ray NNS 35419 2370 32 , , , 35419 2370 33 fine fine JJ 35419 2370 34 and and CC 35419 2370 35 scattered scatter VBD 35419 2370 36 , , , 35419 2370 37 but but CC 35419 2370 38 plain plain JJ 35419 2370 39 . . . 35419 2371 1 PHYSICAL PHYSICAL NNP 35419 2371 2 QUALITIES quality NNS 35419 2371 3 : : : 35419 2371 4 Heavy heavy JJ 35419 2371 5 ( ( -LRB- 35419 2371 6 14th 14th JJ 35419 2371 7 in in IN 35419 2371 8 this this DT 35419 2371 9 list list NN 35419 2371 10 ) ) -RRB- 35419 2371 11 ; ; : 35419 2371 12 45 45 CD 35419 2371 13 lbs lbs NN 35419 2371 14 . . . 35419 2372 1 per per IN 35419 2372 2 cu cu NNP 35419 2372 3 . . . 35419 2373 1 ft ft NNP 35419 2373 2 . . NNP 35419 2373 3 ; ; : 35419 2373 4 sp sp NNP 35419 2373 5 . . . 35419 2374 1 gr gr NNP 35419 2374 2 . . NNP 35419 2374 3 , , , 35419 2374 4 0.7282 0.7282 CD 35419 2374 5 ; ; : 35419 2374 6 very very RB 35419 2374 7 strong strong JJ 35419 2374 8 ( ( -LRB- 35419 2374 9 20th 20th JJ 35419 2374 10 in in IN 35419 2374 11 this this DT 35419 2374 12 list list NN 35419 2374 13 ) ) -RRB- 35419 2374 14 ; ; : 35419 2374 15 elastic elastic JJ 35419 2374 16 ( ( -LRB- 35419 2374 17 24th 24th NN 35419 2374 18 in in IN 35419 2374 19 this this DT 35419 2374 20 list list NN 35419 2374 21 ) ) -RRB- 35419 2374 22 ; ; : 35419 2374 23 very very RB 35419 2374 24 hard hard JJ 35419 2374 25 ( ( -LRB- 35419 2374 26 1st 1st NN 35419 2374 27 in in IN 35419 2374 28 this this DT 35419 2374 29 list list NN 35419 2374 30 ) ) -RRB- 35419 2374 31 ; ; : 35419 2374 32 shrinkage shrinkage NN 35419 2374 33 , , , 35419 2374 34 5 5 CD 35419 2374 35 per per NN 35419 2374 36 cent cent NN 35419 2374 37 . . . 35419 2375 1 ; ; : 35419 2375 2 warps warps NNP 35419 2375 3 very very RB 35419 2375 4 little little RB 35419 2375 5 ; ; : 35419 2375 6 very very RB 35419 2375 7 durable durable JJ 35419 2375 8 ; ; : 35419 2375 9 genuine genuine JJ 35419 2375 10 mahogany mahogany NN 35419 2375 11 , , , 35419 2375 12 hard hard RB 35419 2375 13 to to TO 35419 2375 14 work work VB 35419 2375 15 ; ; : 35419 2375 16 especially especially RB 35419 2375 17 if if IN 35419 2375 18 grain grain NN 35419 2375 19 is be VBZ 35419 2375 20 cross cross NN 35419 2375 21 ; ; : 35419 2375 22 somewhat somewhat RB 35419 2375 23 brittle brittle JJ 35419 2375 24 , , , 35419 2375 25 and and CC 35419 2375 26 comparatively comparatively RB 35419 2375 27 easy easy JJ 35419 2375 28 to to TO 35419 2375 29 split split VB 35419 2375 30 , , , 35419 2375 31 nails nail NNS 35419 2375 32 with with IN 35419 2375 33 difficulty difficulty NN 35419 2375 34 ; ; : 35419 2375 35 polishes polish NNS 35419 2375 36 and and CC 35419 2375 37 takes take VBZ 35419 2375 38 glue glue NN 35419 2375 39 well well RB 35419 2375 40 . . . 35419 2376 1 COMMON common JJ 35419 2376 2 USES use NNS 35419 2376 3 : : : 35419 2376 4 Chiefly chiefly VB 35419 2376 5 for for IN 35419 2376 6 cabinet cabinet NN 35419 2376 7 - - HYPH 35419 2376 8 making making NN 35419 2376 9 , , , 35419 2376 10 furniture furniture NN 35419 2376 11 , , , 35419 2376 12 interior interior JJ 35419 2376 13 finishes finish NNS 35419 2376 14 and and CC 35419 2376 15 veneers veneer NNS 35419 2376 16 . . . 35419 2377 1 REMARKS remarks NN 35419 2377 2 : : : 35419 2377 3 Mahogany mahogany NN 35419 2377 4 , , , 35419 2377 5 now now RB 35419 2377 6 in in IN 35419 2377 7 great great JJ 35419 2377 8 demand demand NN 35419 2377 9 in in IN 35419 2377 10 the the DT 35419 2377 11 American american JJ 35419 2377 12 market market NN 35419 2377 13 for for IN 35419 2377 14 fine fine JJ 35419 2377 15 furniture furniture NN 35419 2377 16 and and CC 35419 2377 17 interior interior JJ 35419 2377 18 trim trim NN 35419 2377 19 comes come VBZ 35419 2377 20 from from IN 35419 2377 21 the the DT 35419 2377 22 West West NNP 35419 2377 23 Indies Indies NNPS 35419 2377 24 , , , 35419 2377 25 Central Central NNP 35419 2377 26 America America NNP 35419 2377 27 and and CC 35419 2377 28 West West NNP 35419 2377 29 Africa Africa NNP 35419 2377 30 . . . 35419 2378 1 The the DT 35419 2378 2 so so RB 35419 2378 3 - - HYPH 35419 2378 4 called call VBN 35419 2378 5 Spanish spanish JJ 35419 2378 6 mahogany mahogany NN 35419 2378 7 , , , 35419 2378 8 the the DT 35419 2378 9 most most RBS 35419 2378 10 highly highly RB 35419 2378 11 prized prize VBN 35419 2378 12 variety variety NN 35419 2378 13 , , , 35419 2378 14 came come VBD 35419 2378 15 originally originally RB 35419 2378 16 from from IN 35419 2378 17 the the DT 35419 2378 18 south south NN 35419 2378 19 of of IN 35419 2378 20 Hayti hayti NN 35419 2378 21 . . . 35419 2379 1 The the DT 35419 2379 2 Honduras Honduras NNP 35419 2379 3 Mahogany Mahogany NNP 35419 2379 4 was be VBD 35419 2379 5 often often RB 35419 2379 6 called call VBN 35419 2379 7 baywood baywood NN 35419 2379 8 . . . 35419 2380 1 Botanically botanically RB 35419 2380 2 the the DT 35419 2380 3 varieties variety NNS 35419 2380 4 are be VBP 35419 2380 5 not not RB 35419 2380 6 carefully carefully RB 35419 2380 7 distinguished distinguish VBN 35419 2380 8 ; ; : 35419 2380 9 in in IN 35419 2380 10 the the DT 35419 2380 11 lumber lumber NN 35419 2380 12 yard yard NN 35419 2380 13 the the DT 35419 2380 14 lumber lumber NN 35419 2380 15 is be VBZ 35419 2380 16 known know VBN 35419 2380 17 by by IN 35419 2380 18 its -PRON- PRP$ 35419 2380 19 sources source NNS 35419 2380 20 . . . 35419 2381 1 The the DT 35419 2381 2 Cuba Cuba NNP 35419 2381 3 wood wood NN 35419 2381 4 can can MD 35419 2381 5 be be VB 35419 2381 6 partly partly RB 35419 2381 7 distinguished distinguish VBN 35419 2381 8 by by IN 35419 2381 9 the the DT 35419 2381 10 white white NNP 35419 2381 11 chalk chalk NNP 35419 2381 12 - - HYPH 35419 2381 13 like like JJ 35419 2381 14 specks speck NNS 35419 2381 15 in in IN 35419 2381 16 the the DT 35419 2381 17 pores pore NNS 35419 2381 18 and and CC 35419 2381 19 is be VBZ 35419 2381 20 cold cold JJ 35419 2381 21 to to IN 35419 2381 22 the the DT 35419 2381 23 touch touch NN 35419 2381 24 , , , 35419 2381 25 while while IN 35419 2381 26 the the DT 35419 2381 27 Honduras Honduras NNP 35419 2381 28 wood wood NN 35419 2381 29 can can MD 35419 2381 30 be be VB 35419 2381 31 recognized recognize VBN 35419 2381 32 by by IN 35419 2381 33 the the DT 35419 2381 34 black black JJ 35419 2381 35 specks speck NNS 35419 2381 36 or or CC 35419 2381 37 lines line NNS 35419 2381 38 in in IN 35419 2381 39 the the DT 35419 2381 40 grain grain NN 35419 2381 41 . . . 35419 2382 1 Both both DT 35419 2382 2 the the DT 35419 2382 3 Honduras Honduras NNP 35419 2382 4 and and CC 35419 2382 5 West West NNP 35419 2382 6 India India NNP 35419 2382 7 woods wood NNS 35419 2382 8 have have VBP 35419 2382 9 a a DT 35419 2382 10 softer soft JJR 35419 2382 11 feel feel NN 35419 2382 12 than than IN 35419 2382 13 the the DT 35419 2382 14 African african JJ 35419 2382 15 wood wood NN 35419 2382 16 , , , 35419 2382 17 when when WRB 35419 2382 18 rubbed rub VBN 35419 2382 19 with with IN 35419 2382 20 the the DT 35419 2382 21 thumb thumb NN 35419 2382 22 . . . 35419 2383 1 The the DT 35419 2383 2 Cuba Cuba NNP 35419 2383 3 and and CC 35419 2383 4 St. St. NNP 35419 2383 5 Domingo Domingo NNP 35419 2383 6 wood wood NN 35419 2383 7 are be VBP 35419 2383 8 preferred prefer VBN 35419 2383 9 to to IN 35419 2383 10 the the DT 35419 2383 11 Honduras Honduras NNP 35419 2383 12 , , , 35419 2383 13 and and CC 35419 2383 14 still still RB 35419 2383 15 more more JJR 35419 2383 16 to to IN 35419 2383 17 the the DT 35419 2383 18 African African NNP 35419 2383 19 , , , 35419 2383 20 but but CC 35419 2383 21 even even RB 35419 2383 22 experts expert NNS 35419 2383 23 have have VBP 35419 2383 24 difficulty difficulty NN 35419 2383 25 in in IN 35419 2383 26 distinguishing distinguish VBG 35419 2383 27 the the DT 35419 2383 28 varieties variety NNS 35419 2383 29 . . . 35419 2384 1 Spanish spanish JJ 35419 2384 2 cedar cedar NN 35419 2384 3 , , , 35419 2384 4 or or CC 35419 2384 5 furniture furniture NN 35419 2384 6 cedar cedar NN 35419 2384 7 ( ( -LRB- 35419 2384 8 _ _ NNP 35419 2384 9 Cedrela Cedrela NNP 35419 2384 10 odorata odorata NN 35419 2384 11 _ _ NNP 35419 2384 12 ) ) -RRB- 35419 2384 13 belongs belong VBZ 35419 2384 14 to to IN 35419 2384 15 the the DT 35419 2384 16 same same JJ 35419 2384 17 family family NN 35419 2384 18 as as IN 35419 2384 19 mahogany mahogany NN 35419 2384 20 and and CC 35419 2384 21 is be VBZ 35419 2384 22 often often RB 35419 2384 23 sold sell VBN 35419 2384 24 for for IN 35419 2384 25 it -PRON- PRP 35419 2384 26 . . . 35419 2385 1 It -PRON- PRP 35419 2385 2 is be VBZ 35419 2385 3 softer soft JJR 35419 2385 4 , , , 35419 2385 5 lighter light JJR 35419 2385 6 , , , 35419 2385 7 and and CC 35419 2385 8 easier easy JJR 35419 2385 9 to to TO 35419 2385 10 work work VB 35419 2385 11 . . . 35419 2386 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 2386 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 2386 3 : : : 35419 2386 4 Radial Radial NNP 35419 2386 5 Section Section NNP 35419 2386 6 , , , 35419 2386 7 life life NN 35419 2386 8 size size NN 35419 2386 9 . . . 35419 2386 10 ] ] -RRB- 35419 2387 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 2387 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 2387 3 : : : 35419 2387 4 Tangential Tangential NNP 35419 2387 5 Section Section NNP 35419 2387 6 , , , 35419 2387 7 life life NN 35419 2387 8 size size NN 35419 2387 9 . . . 35419 2387 10 ] ] -RRB- 35419 2388 1 57 57 CD 35419 2388 2 OREGON oregon JJ 35419 2388 3 MAPLE MAPLE NNP 35419 2388 4 . . . 35419 2389 1 WHITE white JJ 35419 2389 2 MAPLE MAPLE NNP 35419 2389 3 . . . 35419 2390 1 LARGE LARGE NNP 35419 2390 2 LEAVED leaved JJ 35419 2390 3 MAPLE MAPLE NNP 35419 2390 4 . . . 35419 2391 1 _ _ NNP 35419 2391 2 Acer Acer NNP 35419 2391 3 macrophyllum macrophyllum NN 35419 2391 4 _ _ NNP 35419 2391 5 Pursh Pursh NNP 35419 2391 6 . . . 35419 2392 1 _ _ NNP 35419 2392 2 Acer Acer NNP 35419 2392 3 _ _ NNP 35419 2392 4 , , , 35419 2392 5 the the DT 35419 2392 6 classical classical JJ 35419 2392 7 Latin latin JJ 35419 2392 8 name name NN 35419 2392 9 ; ; : 35419 2392 10 _ _ NNP 35419 2392 11 macrophyllum macrophyllum NN 35419 2392 12 _ _ NNP 35419 2392 13 , , , 35419 2392 14 refers refer VBZ 35419 2392 15 to to IN 35419 2392 16 the the DT 35419 2392 17 large large JJ 35419 2392 18 leaves leave NNS 35419 2392 19 . . . 35419 2393 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 2393 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 2393 3 : : : 35419 2393 4 Habitat Habitat NNP 35419 2393 5 . . . 35419 2393 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 2394 1 HABITAT HABITAT NNP 35419 2394 2 : : : 35419 2394 3 ( ( -LRB- 35419 2394 4 See see VB 35419 2394 5 map map NN 35419 2394 6 ) ) -RRB- 35419 2394 7 ; ; : 35419 2394 8 best well RBS 35419 2394 9 in in IN 35419 2394 10 southern southern JJ 35419 2394 11 Oregon Oregon NNP 35419 2394 12 . . . 35419 2395 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 2395 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 2395 3 : : : 35419 2395 4 Leaf Leaf NNP 35419 2395 5 . . . 35419 2395 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 2396 1 CHARACTERISTICS characteristic NNS 35419 2396 2 OF of IN 35419 2396 3 THE the DT 35419 2396 4 TREE tree NN 35419 2396 5 : : : 35419 2396 6 Height height NN 35419 2396 7 , , , 35419 2396 8 70'-100 70'-100 CD 35419 2396 9 ' ' CD 35419 2396 10 ; ; : 35419 2396 11 diameter diameter NN 35419 2396 12 , , , 35419 2396 13 3'-5 3'-5 NNP 35419 2396 14 ' ' '' 35419 2396 15 ; ; : 35419 2396 16 stout stout RB 35419 2396 17 , , , 35419 2396 18 often often RB 35419 2396 19 pendulous pendulous JJ 35419 2396 20 branches branch NNS 35419 2396 21 , , , 35419 2396 22 making make VBG 35419 2396 23 a a DT 35419 2396 24 handsome handsome JJ 35419 2396 25 tree tree NN 35419 2396 26 ; ; : 35419 2396 27 bark bark NN 35419 2396 28 , , , 35419 2396 29 reddish reddish JJ 35419 2396 30 brown brown NNP 35419 2396 31 , , , 35419 2396 32 deeply deeply RB 35419 2396 33 furrowed furrowed JJ 35419 2396 34 , , , 35419 2396 35 square square JJ 35419 2396 36 scales scale NNS 35419 2396 37 ; ; : 35419 2396 38 leaves leave NNS 35419 2396 39 , , , 35419 2396 40 very very RB 35419 2396 41 large large JJ 35419 2396 42 , , , 35419 2396 43 8"-12 8"-12 NNP 35419 2396 44 " " '' 35419 2396 45 and and CC 35419 2396 46 long long JJ 35419 2396 47 petioles petiole NNS 35419 2396 48 , , , 35419 2396 49 deep deep JJ 35419 2396 50 , , , 35419 2396 51 narrow narrow JJ 35419 2396 52 sinuses sinus NNS 35419 2396 53 ; ; : 35419 2396 54 fruit fruit NN 35419 2396 55 , , , 35419 2396 56 hairy hairy NNP 35419 2396 57 samaras samaras NNP 35419 2396 58 . . . 35419 2397 1 APPEARANCE APPEARANCE NNP 35419 2397 2 OF of IN 35419 2397 3 WOOD wood NN 35419 2397 4 : : : 35419 2397 5 Color color NN 35419 2397 6 , , , 35419 2397 7 rich rich JJ 35419 2397 8 brown brown JJ 35419 2397 9 and and CC 35419 2397 10 red red JJ 35419 2397 11 , , , 35419 2397 12 sap sap NN 35419 2397 13 - - HYPH 35419 2397 14 wood wood NN 35419 2397 15 thick thick JJ 35419 2397 16 , , , 35419 2397 17 nearly nearly RB 35419 2397 18 white white JJ 35419 2397 19 ; ; : 35419 2397 20 diffuse diffuse NN 35419 2397 21 - - HYPH 35419 2397 22 porous porous JJ 35419 2397 23 ; ; : 35419 2397 24 rings ring NNS 35419 2397 25 , , , 35419 2397 26 obscure obscure JJ 35419 2397 27 ; ; : 35419 2397 28 grain grain NN 35419 2397 29 , , , 35419 2397 30 close close JJ 35419 2397 31 , , , 35419 2397 32 fibres fibre NNS 35419 2397 33 interlaced interlace VBN 35419 2397 34 , , , 35419 2397 35 sometimes sometimes RB 35419 2397 36 figured figure VBN 35419 2397 37 , , , 35419 2397 38 polishes polish NNS 35419 2397 39 well well RB 35419 2397 40 ; ; : 35419 2397 41 rays ray NNS 35419 2397 42 , , , 35419 2397 43 numerous numerous JJ 35419 2397 44 and and CC 35419 2397 45 thin thin JJ 35419 2397 46 . . . 35419 2398 1 PHYSICAL physical NN 35419 2398 2 QUALITIES quality NNS 35419 2398 3 : : : 35419 2398 4 Light light NN 35419 2398 5 in in IN 35419 2398 6 weight weight NN 35419 2398 7 ( ( -LRB- 35419 2398 8 26th 26th NN 35419 2398 9 in in IN 35419 2398 10 this this DT 35419 2398 11 list list NN 35419 2398 12 ) ) -RRB- 35419 2398 13 ; ; : 35419 2398 14 30 30 CD 35419 2398 15 lbs lbs NN 35419 2398 16 . . . 35419 2399 1 per per IN 35419 2399 2 cu cu NNP 35419 2399 3 . . . 35419 2400 1 ft ft NNP 35419 2400 2 . . NNP 35419 2400 3 ; ; : 35419 2400 4 sp sp NNP 35419 2400 5 . . . 35419 2401 1 gr gr NNP 35419 2401 2 . . . 35419 2402 1 0.4909 0.4909 CD 35419 2402 2 ; ; : 35419 2402 3 medium medium NN 35419 2402 4 strong strong JJ 35419 2402 5 ( ( -LRB- 35419 2402 6 47th 47th JJ 35419 2402 7 in in IN 35419 2402 8 this this DT 35419 2402 9 list list NN 35419 2402 10 ) ) -RRB- 35419 2402 11 ; ; : 35419 2402 12 elasticity elasticity NN 35419 2402 13 medium medium NN 35419 2402 14 ( ( -LRB- 35419 2402 15 57th 57th JJ 35419 2402 16 in in IN 35419 2402 17 this this DT 35419 2402 18 list list NN 35419 2402 19 ) ) -RRB- 35419 2402 20 ; ; : 35419 2402 21 medium medium NNP 35419 2402 22 hard hard RB 35419 2402 23 ( ( -LRB- 35419 2402 24 31st 31st NN 35419 2402 25 in in IN 35419 2402 26 this this DT 35419 2402 27 list list NN 35419 2402 28 ) ) -RRB- 35419 2402 29 ; ; : 35419 2402 30 shrinkage shrinkage NN 35419 2402 31 , , , 35419 2402 32 4 4 CD 35419 2402 33 per per NN 35419 2402 34 cent cent NN 35419 2402 35 . . . 35419 2403 1 ; ; : 35419 2403 2 warps warps NNP 35419 2403 3 .......... .......... NFP 35419 2403 4 ; ; : 35419 2403 5 not not RB 35419 2403 6 durable durable JJ 35419 2403 7 ; ; : 35419 2403 8 rather rather RB 35419 2403 9 hard hard JJ 35419 2403 10 to to TO 35419 2403 11 work work VB 35419 2403 12 ; ; : 35419 2403 13 splits split NNS 35419 2403 14 with with IN 35419 2403 15 difficulty difficulty NN 35419 2403 16 . . . 35419 2404 1 COMMON common JJ 35419 2404 2 USES use NNS 35419 2404 3 : : : 35419 2404 4 Tool tool NN 35419 2404 5 and and CC 35419 2404 6 ax ax VB 35419 2404 7 handles handle NNS 35419 2404 8 , , , 35419 2404 9 furniture furniture NN 35419 2404 10 , , , 35419 2404 11 interior interior JJ 35419 2404 12 finish finish NN 35419 2404 13 . . . 35419 2405 1 REMARKS remarks NN 35419 2405 2 : : : 35419 2405 3 A a DT 35419 2405 4 valuable valuable JJ 35419 2405 5 wood wood NN 35419 2405 6 on on IN 35419 2405 7 the the DT 35419 2405 8 Pacific Pacific NNP 35419 2405 9 coast coast NN 35419 2405 10 . . . 35419 2406 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 2406 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 2406 3 : : : 35419 2406 4 Radial Radial NNP 35419 2406 5 Section Section NNP 35419 2406 6 , , , 35419 2406 7 life life NN 35419 2406 8 size size NN 35419 2406 9 . . . 35419 2406 10 ] ] -RRB- 35419 2407 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 2407 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 2407 3 : : : 35419 2407 4 Cross cross NN 35419 2407 5 - - NN 35419 2407 6 section section NNP 35419 2407 7 , , , 35419 2407 8 magnified magnify VBN 35419 2407 9 37 37 CD 35419 2407 10 - - HYPH 35419 2407 11 1/2 1/2 CD 35419 2407 12 diameters diameter NNS 35419 2407 13 . . . 35419 2407 14 ] ] -RRB- 35419 2408 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 2408 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 2408 3 : : : 35419 2408 4 Tangential Tangential NNP 35419 2408 5 Section Section NNP 35419 2408 6 , , , 35419 2408 7 life life NN 35419 2408 8 size size NN 35419 2408 9 . . . 35419 2408 10 ] ] -RRB- 35419 2409 1 58 58 CD 35419 2409 2 SOFT soft JJ 35419 2409 3 MAPLE MAPLE NNP 35419 2409 4 . . . 35419 2410 1 WHITE white JJ 35419 2410 2 MAPLE MAPLE NNP 35419 2410 3 . . . 35419 2411 1 SILVER SILVER NNP 35419 2411 2 MAPLE MAPLE NNP 35419 2411 3 . . . 35419 2412 1 Silver silver NN 35419 2412 2 , , , 35419 2412 3 refers refer VBZ 35419 2412 4 to to IN 35419 2412 5 white white JJ 35419 2412 6 color color NN 35419 2412 7 of of IN 35419 2412 8 underside underside NN 35419 2412 9 of of IN 35419 2412 10 leaf leaf NN 35419 2412 11 . . . 35419 2413 1 _ _ NNP 35419 2413 2 Acer Acer NNP 35419 2413 3 saccharinum saccharinum NN 35419 2413 4 _ _ NNP 35419 2413 5 Linnaeus Linnaeus NNP 35419 2413 6 . . . 35419 2414 1 _ _ NNP 35419 2414 2 Acer Acer NNP 35419 2414 3 dasycarpum dasycarpum NN 35419 2414 4 _ _ NNP 35419 2414 5 Ehrhart Ehrhart NNP 35419 2414 6 . . . 35419 2415 1 _ _ NNP 35419 2415 2 Acer Acer NNP 35419 2415 3 _ _ NNP 35419 2415 4 , , , 35419 2415 5 the the DT 35419 2415 6 classical classical JJ 35419 2415 7 Latin latin JJ 35419 2415 8 name name NN 35419 2415 9 ; ; : 35419 2415 10 _ _ NNP 35419 2415 11 saccharinum saccharinum NN 35419 2415 12 _ _ NNP 35419 2415 13 , , , 35419 2415 14 refers refer VBZ 35419 2415 15 to to IN 35419 2415 16 sweetish sweetish JJ 35419 2415 17 juice juice NN 35419 2415 18 ; ; : 35419 2415 19 _ _ NNP 35419 2415 20 dasycarpum dasycarpum NNP 35419 2415 21 _ _ NNP 35419 2415 22 , , , 35419 2415 23 refers refer VBZ 35419 2415 24 to to IN 35419 2415 25 the the DT 35419 2415 26 wooliness wooliness NN 35419 2415 27 of of IN 35419 2415 28 the the DT 35419 2415 29 fruit fruit NN 35419 2415 30 when when WRB 35419 2415 31 young young JJ 35419 2415 32 . . . 35419 2416 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 2416 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 2416 3 : : : 35419 2416 4 Habitat Habitat NNP 35419 2416 5 . . . 35419 2416 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 2417 1 HABITAT HABITAT NNP 35419 2417 2 : : : 35419 2417 3 ( ( -LRB- 35419 2417 4 See see VB 35419 2417 5 map map NN 35419 2417 6 ) ) -RRB- 35419 2417 7 ; ; : 35419 2417 8 best well RBS 35419 2417 9 in in IN 35419 2417 10 lower low JJR 35419 2417 11 Ohio Ohio NNP 35419 2417 12 valley valley NN 35419 2417 13 . . . 35419 2418 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 2418 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 2418 3 : : : 35419 2418 4 Leaf Leaf NNP 35419 2418 5 . . . 35419 2418 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 2419 1 CHARACTERISTICS characteristic NNS 35419 2419 2 OF of IN 35419 2419 3 THE the DT 35419 2419 4 TREE tree NN 35419 2419 5 : : : 35419 2419 6 Height Height NNP 35419 2419 7 , , , 35419 2419 8 50'-90 50'-90 NNP 35419 2419 9 ' ' '' 35419 2419 10 , , , 35419 2419 11 even even RB 35419 2419 12 120 120 CD 35419 2419 13 ' ' POS 35419 2419 14 ; ; : 35419 2419 15 diameter diameter NN 35419 2419 16 , , , 35419 2419 17 3'-5 3'-5 NNP 35419 2419 18 ' ' '' 35419 2419 19 ; ; : 35419 2419 20 form form NN 35419 2419 21 suggests suggest VBZ 35419 2419 22 elm elm NNP 35419 2419 23 ; ; : 35419 2419 24 bark bark NNP 35419 2419 25 , , , 35419 2419 26 reddish reddish NNP 35419 2419 27 brown brown NNP 35419 2419 28 , , , 35419 2419 29 furrowed furrowed JJ 35419 2419 30 , , , 35419 2419 31 surface surface NN 35419 2419 32 separating separate VBG 35419 2419 33 into into IN 35419 2419 34 large large JJ 35419 2419 35 , , , 35419 2419 36 loose loose JJ 35419 2419 37 scales scale NNS 35419 2419 38 ; ; : 35419 2419 39 leaves leave NNS 35419 2419 40 , , , 35419 2419 41 palmately palmately RB 35419 2419 42 5 5 CD 35419 2419 43 lobed lobed NN 35419 2419 44 , , , 35419 2419 45 with with IN 35419 2419 46 narrow narrow JJ 35419 2419 47 , , , 35419 2419 48 acute acute JJ 35419 2419 49 sinuses sinus NNS 35419 2419 50 , , , 35419 2419 51 silvery silvery RB 35419 2419 52 white white JJ 35419 2419 53 beneath beneath RB 35419 2419 54 , , , 35419 2419 55 turn turn VBP 35419 2419 56 only only RB 35419 2419 57 yellow yellow JJ 35419 2419 58 in in IN 35419 2419 59 autumn autumn NN 35419 2419 60 ; ; : 35419 2419 61 fruit fruit NN 35419 2419 62 , , , 35419 2419 63 divergent divergent NNP 35419 2419 64 , , , 35419 2419 65 winged wing VBD 35419 2419 66 samaras samaras NNP 35419 2419 67 . . . 35419 2420 1 APPEARANCE APPEARANCE NNP 35419 2420 2 OF of IN 35419 2420 3 WOOD wood NN 35419 2420 4 : : : 35419 2420 5 Color color NN 35419 2420 6 , , , 35419 2420 7 brown brown JJ 35419 2420 8 and and CC 35419 2420 9 reddish reddish JJ 35419 2420 10 , , , 35419 2420 11 sap sap NN 35419 2420 12 - - HYPH 35419 2420 13 wood wood NN 35419 2420 14 , , , 35419 2420 15 cream cream NN 35419 2420 16 ; ; : 35419 2420 17 diffuse diffuse NN 35419 2420 18 - - HYPH 35419 2420 19 porous porous JJ 35419 2420 20 ; ; : 35419 2420 21 rings ring NNS 35419 2420 22 , , , 35419 2420 23 obscure obscure JJ 35419 2420 24 ; ; : 35419 2420 25 grain grain NN 35419 2420 26 , , , 35419 2420 27 twisted twisted NNP 35419 2420 28 , , , 35419 2420 29 wavy wavy NNP 35419 2420 30 , , , 35419 2420 31 fine fine JJ 35419 2420 32 , , , 35419 2420 33 polishes polish VBZ 35419 2420 34 well well RB 35419 2420 35 ; ; : 35419 2420 36 rays ray NNS 35419 2420 37 , , , 35419 2420 38 thin thin JJ 35419 2420 39 , , , 35419 2420 40 numerous numerous JJ 35419 2420 41 . . . 35419 2421 1 PHYSICAL physical NN 35419 2421 2 QUALITIES quality NNS 35419 2421 3 : : : 35419 2421 4 Weight weight NN 35419 2421 5 , , , 35419 2421 6 medium medium NN 35419 2421 7 ( ( -LRB- 35419 2421 8 40th 40th NN 35419 2421 9 in in IN 35419 2421 10 this this DT 35419 2421 11 list list NN 35419 2421 12 ) ) -RRB- 35419 2421 13 ; ; : 35419 2421 14 32 32 CD 35419 2421 15 lbs lbs NN 35419 2421 16 . . . 35419 2422 1 per per IN 35419 2422 2 cu cu NNP 35419 2422 3 . . . 35419 2423 1 ft ft NNP 35419 2423 2 . . NNP 35419 2423 3 ; ; : 35419 2423 4 sp sp NNP 35419 2423 5 . . . 35419 2424 1 gr gr NNP 35419 2424 2 . . NNP 35419 2424 3 , , , 35419 2424 4 0.5269 0.5269 CD 35419 2424 5 ; ; : 35419 2424 6 very very RB 35419 2424 7 strong strong JJ 35419 2424 8 ( ( -LRB- 35419 2424 9 19th 19th JJ 35419 2424 10 in in IN 35419 2424 11 this this DT 35419 2424 12 list list NN 35419 2424 13 ) ) -RRB- 35419 2424 14 ; ; : 35419 2424 15 very very RB 35419 2424 16 elastic elastic JJ 35419 2424 17 ( ( -LRB- 35419 2424 18 20th 20th NN 35419 2424 19 in in IN 35419 2424 20 this this DT 35419 2424 21 list list NN 35419 2424 22 ) ) -RRB- 35419 2424 23 ; ; : 35419 2424 24 hard hard JJ 35419 2424 25 ( ( -LRB- 35419 2424 26 25th 25th NN 35419 2424 27 in in IN 35419 2424 28 this this DT 35419 2424 29 list list NN 35419 2424 30 ) ) -RRB- 35419 2424 31 ; ; : 35419 2424 32 shrinkage shrinkage NN 35419 2424 33 , , , 35419 2424 34 5 5 CD 35419 2424 35 per per NN 35419 2424 36 cent cent NN 35419 2424 37 . . . 35419 2425 1 ; ; : 35419 2425 2 warps warps NNP 35419 2425 3 , , , 35419 2425 4 ............ ............ NFP 35419 2425 5 ; ; : 35419 2425 6 not not RB 35419 2425 7 durable durable JJ 35419 2425 8 under under IN 35419 2425 9 exposure exposure NN 35419 2425 10 ; ; : 35419 2425 11 easily easily RB 35419 2425 12 worked work VBD 35419 2425 13 ; ; : 35419 2425 14 splits split NNS 35419 2425 15 in in IN 35419 2425 16 nailing nail VBG 35419 2425 17 . . . 35419 2426 1 COMMON common JJ 35419 2426 2 USES use NNS 35419 2426 3 : : : 35419 2426 4 Flooring flooring NN 35419 2426 5 , , , 35419 2426 6 furniture furniture NN 35419 2426 7 , , , 35419 2426 8 turnery turnery NN 35419 2426 9 , , , 35419 2426 10 wooden wooden JJ 35419 2426 11 ware ware NN 35419 2426 12 . . . 35419 2427 1 REMARKS remarks NN 35419 2427 2 : : : 35419 2427 3 Grows grow VBZ 35419 2427 4 rapidly rapidly RB 35419 2427 5 . . . 35419 2428 1 Curly curly RB 35419 2428 2 varieties variety NNS 35419 2428 3 found find VBD 35419 2428 4 . . . 35419 2429 1 Sap Sap NNP 35419 2429 2 produces produce VBZ 35419 2429 3 some some DT 35419 2429 4 sugar sugar NN 35419 2429 5 . . . 35419 2430 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 2430 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 2430 3 : : : 35419 2430 4 Radial Radial NNP 35419 2430 5 Section Section NNP 35419 2430 6 , , , 35419 2430 7 life life NN 35419 2430 8 size size NN 35419 2430 9 . . . 35419 2430 10 ] ] -RRB- 35419 2431 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 2431 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 2431 3 : : : 35419 2431 4 Cross cross NN 35419 2431 5 - - NN 35419 2431 6 section section NNP 35419 2431 7 , , , 35419 2431 8 magnified magnify VBN 35419 2431 9 37 37 CD 35419 2431 10 - - HYPH 35419 2431 11 1/2 1/2 CD 35419 2431 12 diameters diameter NNS 35419 2431 13 . . . 35419 2431 14 ] ] -RRB- 35419 2432 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 2432 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 2432 3 : : : 35419 2432 4 Tangential Tangential NNP 35419 2432 5 Section Section NNP 35419 2432 6 , , , 35419 2432 7 life life NN 35419 2432 8 size size NN 35419 2432 9 . . . 35419 2432 10 ] ] -RRB- 35419 2433 1 59 59 CD 35419 2433 2 RED RED NNP 35419 2433 3 MAPLE MAPLE NNP 35419 2433 4 . . . 35419 2434 1 _ _ NNP 35419 2434 2 Acer Acer NNP 35419 2434 3 rubrum rubrum NN 35419 2434 4 _ _ NNP 35419 2434 5 Linnaeus Linnaeus NNP 35419 2434 6 . . . 35419 2435 1 _ _ NNP 35419 2435 2 Acer Acer NNP 35419 2435 3 _ _ NNP 35419 2435 4 , , , 35419 2435 5 the the DT 35419 2435 6 classical classical JJ 35419 2435 7 Latin latin JJ 35419 2435 8 name name NN 35419 2435 9 ; ; : 35419 2435 10 _ _ NNP 35419 2435 11 rubrum rubrum NN 35419 2435 12 _ _ NNP 35419 2435 13 , , , 35419 2435 14 refers refer VBZ 35419 2435 15 to to IN 35419 2435 16 red red JJ 35419 2435 17 flowers flower NNS 35419 2435 18 and and CC 35419 2435 19 autumn autumn NN 35419 2435 20 leaves leave NNS 35419 2435 21 . . . 35419 2436 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 2436 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 2436 3 : : : 35419 2436 4 Habitat Habitat NNP 35419 2436 5 . . . 35419 2436 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 2437 1 HABITAT HABITAT NNP 35419 2437 2 : : : 35419 2437 3 ( ( -LRB- 35419 2437 4 See see VB 35419 2437 5 map map NN 35419 2437 6 ) ) -RRB- 35419 2437 7 ; ; : 35419 2437 8 best well RBS 35419 2437 9 in in IN 35419 2437 10 lower low JJR 35419 2437 11 Ohio Ohio NNP 35419 2437 12 valley valley NN 35419 2437 13 . . . 35419 2438 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 2438 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 2438 3 : : : 35419 2438 4 Leaf Leaf NNP 35419 2438 5 . . . 35419 2438 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 2439 1 CHARACTERISTICS characteristic NNS 35419 2439 2 OF of IN 35419 2439 3 THE the DT 35419 2439 4 TREE tree NN 35419 2439 5 : : : 35419 2439 6 Height Height NNP 35419 2439 7 , , , 35419 2439 8 80'-120 80'-120 CD 35419 2439 9 ' ' '' 35419 2439 10 ; ; : 35419 2439 11 diameter diameter NN 35419 2439 12 , , , 35419 2439 13 2'-4 2'-4 NNP 35419 2439 14 ' ' '' 35419 2439 15 ; ; : 35419 2439 16 branches branch NNS 35419 2439 17 , , , 35419 2439 18 low low JJ 35419 2439 19 ; ; : 35419 2439 20 bark bark NN 35419 2439 21 , , , 35419 2439 22 dark dark JJ 35419 2439 23 gray gray JJ 35419 2439 24 , , , 35419 2439 25 shaggy shaggy JJ 35419 2439 26 , , , 35419 2439 27 divided divide VBN 35419 2439 28 by by IN 35419 2439 29 long long JJ 35419 2439 30 ridges ridge NNS 35419 2439 31 ; ; : 35419 2439 32 leaves leave NNS 35419 2439 33 , , , 35419 2439 34 palmately palmately RB 35419 2439 35 5 5 CD 35419 2439 36 lobed lobed NN 35419 2439 37 , , , 35419 2439 38 acute acute JJ 35419 2439 39 sinuses sinus NNS 35419 2439 40 ; ; : 35419 2439 41 fruit fruit NN 35419 2439 42 , , , 35419 2439 43 double double JJ 35419 2439 44 samaras samaras NNP 35419 2439 45 , , , 35419 2439 46 forming form VBG 35419 2439 47 characteristic characteristic JJ 35419 2439 48 maple maple NN 35419 2439 49 key key NN 35419 2439 50 . . . 35419 2440 1 APPEARANCE APPEARANCE NNP 35419 2440 2 OF of IN 35419 2440 3 WOOD wood NN 35419 2440 4 : : : 35419 2440 5 Color color NN 35419 2440 6 , , , 35419 2440 7 light light JJ 35419 2440 8 reddish reddish JJ 35419 2440 9 brown brown NN 35419 2440 10 , , , 35419 2440 11 sap sap NN 35419 2440 12 - - HYPH 35419 2440 13 wood wood NN 35419 2440 14 , , , 35419 2440 15 lighter light JJR 35419 2440 16 ; ; : 35419 2440 17 diffuse diffuse NN 35419 2440 18 - - HYPH 35419 2440 19 porous porous JJ 35419 2440 20 ; ; : 35419 2440 21 rings ring NNS 35419 2440 22 , , , 35419 2440 23 obscure obscure JJ 35419 2440 24 ; ; : 35419 2440 25 grain grain NN 35419 2440 26 , , , 35419 2440 27 crooked crooked JJ 35419 2440 28 ; ; : 35419 2440 29 rays ray NNS 35419 2440 30 , , , 35419 2440 31 numerous numerous JJ 35419 2440 32 , , , 35419 2440 33 obscure obscure JJ 35419 2440 34 . . . 35419 2441 1 PHYSICAL physical NN 35419 2441 2 QUALITIES quality NNS 35419 2441 3 : : : 35419 2441 4 Weight weight NN 35419 2441 5 , , , 35419 2441 6 medium medium NN 35419 2441 7 ( ( -LRB- 35419 2441 8 30th 30th NN 35419 2441 9 in in IN 35419 2441 10 this this DT 35419 2441 11 list list NN 35419 2441 12 ) ) -RRB- 35419 2441 13 ; ; : 35419 2441 14 38 38 CD 35419 2441 15 lbs lbs NN 35419 2441 16 . . . 35419 2442 1 per per IN 35419 2442 2 cu cu NNP 35419 2442 3 . . . 35419 2443 1 ft ft NNP 35419 2443 2 . . NNP 35419 2443 3 ; ; : 35419 2443 4 sp sp NNP 35419 2443 5 . . . 35419 2444 1 gr gr NNP 35419 2444 2 . . NNP 35419 2444 3 , , , 35419 2444 4 0.6178 0.6178 CD 35419 2444 5 ; ; : 35419 2444 6 strong strong JJ 35419 2444 7 ( ( -LRB- 35419 2444 8 36th 36th NN 35419 2444 9 in in IN 35419 2444 10 this this DT 35419 2444 11 list list NN 35419 2444 12 ) ) -RRB- 35419 2444 13 ; ; , 35419 2444 14 elastic elastic JJ 35419 2444 15 ( ( -LRB- 35419 2444 16 36th 36th NN 35419 2444 17 in in IN 35419 2444 18 this this DT 35419 2444 19 list list NN 35419 2444 20 ) ) -RRB- 35419 2444 21 ; ; : 35419 2444 22 hard hard JJ 35419 2444 23 ( ( -LRB- 35419 2444 24 27th 27th NN 35419 2444 25 in in IN 35419 2444 26 this this DT 35419 2444 27 list list NN 35419 2444 28 ) ) -RRB- 35419 2444 29 ; ; : 35419 2444 30 shrinkage shrinkage NN 35419 2444 31 , , , 35419 2444 32 5 5 CD 35419 2444 33 per per NN 35419 2444 34 cent cent NN 35419 2444 35 . . . 35419 2445 1 ; ; : 35419 2445 2 warps warps NNP 35419 2445 3 ....... ....... NFP 35419 2445 4 ; ; : 35419 2445 5 not not RB 35419 2445 6 durable durable JJ 35419 2445 7 ; ; : 35419 2445 8 fairly fairly RB 35419 2445 9 hard hard JJ 35419 2445 10 to to TO 35419 2445 11 work work VB 35419 2445 12 ; ; : 35419 2445 13 splits split NNS 35419 2445 14 with with IN 35419 2445 15 difficulty difficulty NN 35419 2445 16 , , , 35419 2445 17 splits split VBZ 35419 2445 18 badly badly RB 35419 2445 19 in in IN 35419 2445 20 nailing nail VBG 35419 2445 21 . . . 35419 2446 1 COMMON common JJ 35419 2446 2 USES use NNS 35419 2446 3 : : : 35419 2446 4 Flooring flooring NN 35419 2446 5 , , , 35419 2446 6 turning turn VBG 35419 2446 7 , , , 35419 2446 8 wooden wooden JJ 35419 2446 9 ware ware NN 35419 2446 10 . . . 35419 2447 1 REMARKS remarks NN 35419 2447 2 : : : 35419 2447 3 Grows grow VBZ 35419 2447 4 rapidly rapidly RB 35419 2447 5 . . . 35419 2448 1 Has have VBZ 35419 2448 2 red red JJ 35419 2448 3 flowers flower NNS 35419 2448 4 , , , 35419 2448 5 red red JJ 35419 2448 6 keys key NNS 35419 2448 7 , , , 35419 2448 8 red red JJ 35419 2448 9 leaf leaf NN 35419 2448 10 stems stem VBZ 35419 2448 11 , , , 35419 2448 12 and and CC 35419 2448 13 leaves leave VBZ 35419 2448 14 scarlet scarlet JJ 35419 2448 15 or or CC 35419 2448 16 crimson crimson NNP 35419 2448 17 in in IN 35419 2448 18 autumn autumn NN 35419 2448 19 . . . 35419 2449 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 2449 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 2449 3 : : : 35419 2449 4 Radial Radial NNP 35419 2449 5 Section Section NNP 35419 2449 6 , , , 35419 2449 7 life life NN 35419 2449 8 size size NN 35419 2449 9 . . . 35419 2449 10 ] ] -RRB- 35419 2450 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 2450 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 2450 3 : : : 35419 2450 4 Cross cross NN 35419 2450 5 - - NN 35419 2450 6 section section NNP 35419 2450 7 , , , 35419 2450 8 magnified magnify VBN 35419 2450 9 37 37 CD 35419 2450 10 - - HYPH 35419 2450 11 1/2 1/2 CD 35419 2450 12 diameters diameter NNS 35419 2450 13 . . . 35419 2450 14 ] ] -RRB- 35419 2451 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 2451 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 2451 3 : : : 35419 2451 4 Tangential Tangential NNP 35419 2451 5 Section Section NNP 35419 2451 6 , , , 35419 2451 7 life life NN 35419 2451 8 size size NN 35419 2451 9 . . . 35419 2451 10 ] ] -RRB- 35419 2452 1 60 60 CD 35419 2452 2 HARD hard NN 35419 2452 3 MAPLE MAPLE NNP 35419 2452 4 . . . 35419 2453 1 SUGAR SUGAR NNP 35419 2453 2 MAPLE MAPLE NNP 35419 2453 3 . . . 35419 2454 1 ROCK ROCK NNP 35419 2454 2 MAPLE MAPLE NNP 35419 2454 3 . . . 35419 2455 1 _ _ NNP 35419 2455 2 Acer Acer NNP 35419 2455 3 saccharum saccharum NN 35419 2455 4 _ _ NNP 35419 2455 5 Marshall Marshall NNP 35419 2455 6 . . . 35419 2456 1 _ _ NNP 35419 2456 2 Acer Acer NNP 35419 2456 3 _ _ NNP 35419 2456 4 , , , 35419 2456 5 the the DT 35419 2456 6 classical classical JJ 35419 2456 7 Latin latin JJ 35419 2456 8 name name NN 35419 2456 9 ; ; : 35419 2456 10 _ _ NNP 35419 2456 11 saccharum saccharum NN 35419 2456 12 _ _ NNP 35419 2456 13 , , , 35419 2456 14 refers refer VBZ 35419 2456 15 to to IN 35419 2456 16 sweet sweet JJ 35419 2456 17 sap sap NN 35419 2456 18 . . . 35419 2457 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 2457 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 2457 3 : : : 35419 2457 4 Habitat Habitat NNP 35419 2457 5 . . . 35419 2457 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 2458 1 HABITAT HABITAT NNP 35419 2458 2 : : : 35419 2458 3 ( ( -LRB- 35419 2458 4 See see VB 35419 2458 5 map map NN 35419 2458 6 ) ) -RRB- 35419 2458 7 ; ; : 35419 2458 8 best well RBS 35419 2458 9 in in IN 35419 2458 10 regions region NNS 35419 2458 11 of of IN 35419 2458 12 Great Great NNP 35419 2458 13 Lakes Lakes NNPS 35419 2458 14 . . . 35419 2459 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 2459 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 2459 3 : : : 35419 2459 4 Leaf Leaf NNP 35419 2459 5 . . . 35419 2459 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 2460 1 CHARACTERISTICS characteristic NNS 35419 2460 2 OF of IN 35419 2460 3 THE the DT 35419 2460 4 TREE tree NN 35419 2460 5 : : : 35419 2460 6 Height height NN 35419 2460 7 , , , 35419 2460 8 100'-120 100'-120 NNP 35419 2460 9 ' ' POS 35419 2460 10 ; ; : 35419 2460 11 diameter diameter NN 35419 2460 12 , , , 35419 2460 13 1 1 CD 35419 2460 14 - - SYM 35419 2460 15 1/2'-3 1/2'-3 CD 35419 2460 16 ' ' '' 35419 2460 17 , , , 35419 2460 18 even even RB 35419 2460 19 4 4 CD 35419 2460 20 ' ' '' 35419 2460 21 ; ; : 35419 2460 22 often often RB 35419 2460 23 trees tree VBZ 35419 2460 24 in in IN 35419 2460 25 forest forest NN 35419 2460 26 are be VBP 35419 2460 27 without without IN 35419 2460 28 branches branch NNS 35419 2460 29 for for IN 35419 2460 30 60'-70 60'-70 NNP 35419 2460 31 ' ' '' 35419 2460 32 from from IN 35419 2460 33 ground ground NN 35419 2460 34 , , , 35419 2460 35 in in IN 35419 2460 36 the the DT 35419 2460 37 open open JJ 35419 2460 38 , , , 35419 2460 39 large large JJ 35419 2460 40 impressive impressive JJ 35419 2460 41 tree tree NN 35419 2460 42 ; ; : 35419 2460 43 bark bark NN 35419 2460 44 , , , 35419 2460 45 gray gray NNP 35419 2460 46 brown brown NNP 35419 2460 47 , , , 35419 2460 48 thick thick JJ 35419 2460 49 , , , 35419 2460 50 deep deep JJ 35419 2460 51 , , , 35419 2460 52 longitudinal longitudinal JJ 35419 2460 53 fissures fissure NNS 35419 2460 54 , , , 35419 2460 55 hard hard JJ 35419 2460 56 and and CC 35419 2460 57 rough rough JJ 35419 2460 58 ; ; : 35419 2460 59 leaves leave NNS 35419 2460 60 , , , 35419 2460 61 opposite opposite JJ 35419 2460 62 , , , 35419 2460 63 3 3 CD 35419 2460 64 to to IN 35419 2460 65 5 5 CD 35419 2460 66 lobed lobed NN 35419 2460 67 , , , 35419 2460 68 scarlet scarlet JJ 35419 2460 69 and and CC 35419 2460 70 yellow yellow JJ 35419 2460 71 in in IN 35419 2460 72 autumn autumn NN 35419 2460 73 ; ; : 35419 2460 74 fruit fruit NN 35419 2460 75 , , , 35419 2460 76 double double JJ 35419 2460 77 , , , 35419 2460 78 slightly slightly RB 35419 2460 79 divergent divergent JJ 35419 2460 80 samaras samara NNS 35419 2460 81 . . . 35419 2461 1 APPEARANCE APPEARANCE NNP 35419 2461 2 OF of IN 35419 2461 3 WOOD wood NN 35419 2461 4 : : : 35419 2461 5 Color color NN 35419 2461 6 , , , 35419 2461 7 light light JJ 35419 2461 8 brown brown NNP 35419 2461 9 tinged tinge VBD 35419 2461 10 with with IN 35419 2461 11 red red JJ 35419 2461 12 ; ; : 35419 2461 13 diffuse diffuse NN 35419 2461 14 - - HYPH 35419 2461 15 porous porous JJ 35419 2461 16 rings ring NNS 35419 2461 17 , , , 35419 2461 18 close close JJ 35419 2461 19 but but CC 35419 2461 20 distinct distinct JJ 35419 2461 21 ; ; : 35419 2461 22 grain grain NN 35419 2461 23 , , , 35419 2461 24 crooked crooked JJ 35419 2461 25 , , , 35419 2461 26 fine fine JJ 35419 2461 27 , , , 35419 2461 28 close close JJ 35419 2461 29 , , , 35419 2461 30 polishes polish NNS 35419 2461 31 well well RB 35419 2461 32 ; ; : 35419 2461 33 rays ray NNS 35419 2461 34 , , , 35419 2461 35 fine fine JJ 35419 2461 36 but but CC 35419 2461 37 conspicuous conspicuous JJ 35419 2461 38 . . . 35419 2462 1 PHYSICAL PHYSICAL NNP 35419 2462 2 QUALITIES quality NNS 35419 2462 3 : : : 35419 2462 4 Heavy heavy JJ 35419 2462 5 ( ( -LRB- 35419 2462 6 19th 19th NN 35419 2462 7 in in IN 35419 2462 8 this this DT 35419 2462 9 list list NN 35419 2462 10 ) ) -RRB- 35419 2462 11 ; ; : 35419 2462 12 43 43 CD 35419 2462 13 lbs lbs NN 35419 2462 14 . . . 35419 2463 1 per per IN 35419 2463 2 cu cu NNP 35419 2463 3 . . . 35419 2464 1 ft ft NNP 35419 2464 2 . . NNP 35419 2464 3 ; ; : 35419 2464 4 sp sp NNP 35419 2464 5 . . . 35419 2465 1 gr gr NNP 35419 2465 2 . . NNP 35419 2465 3 , , , 35419 2465 4 0.6912 0.6912 NNP 35419 2465 5 ; ; : 35419 2465 6 very very RB 35419 2465 7 strong strong JJ 35419 2465 8 ( ( -LRB- 35419 2465 9 8th 8th JJ 35419 2465 10 in in IN 35419 2465 11 this this DT 35419 2465 12 list list NN 35419 2465 13 ) ) -RRB- 35419 2465 14 ; ; : 35419 2465 15 very very RB 35419 2465 16 elastic elastic JJ 35419 2465 17 ( ( -LRB- 35419 2465 18 5th 5th NN 35419 2465 19 in in IN 35419 2465 20 this this DT 35419 2465 21 list list NN 35419 2465 22 ) ) -RRB- 35419 2465 23 ; ; : 35419 2465 24 very very RB 35419 2465 25 hard hard JJ 35419 2465 26 ( ( -LRB- 35419 2465 27 7th 7th NN 35419 2465 28 in in IN 35419 2465 29 this this DT 35419 2465 30 list list NN 35419 2465 31 ) ) -RRB- 35419 2465 32 ; ; : 35419 2465 33 shrinkage shrinkage NN 35419 2465 34 , , , 35419 2465 35 5 5 CD 35419 2465 36 per per NN 35419 2465 37 cent cent NN 35419 2465 38 . . . 35419 2466 1 ; ; : 35419 2466 2 warps warps NNP 35419 2466 3 badly badly RB 35419 2466 4 ; ; : 35419 2466 5 not not RB 35419 2466 6 durable durable JJ 35419 2466 7 when when WRB 35419 2466 8 exposed expose VBN 35419 2466 9 ; ; : 35419 2466 10 hard hard RB 35419 2466 11 to to TO 35419 2466 12 work work VB 35419 2466 13 ; ; : 35419 2466 14 splits split NNS 35419 2466 15 badly badly RB 35419 2466 16 in in IN 35419 2466 17 nailing nail VBG 35419 2466 18 . . . 35419 2467 1 COMMON common JJ 35419 2467 2 USES use NNS 35419 2467 3 : : : 35419 2467 4 School school NN 35419 2467 5 and and CC 35419 2467 6 other other JJ 35419 2467 7 furniture furniture NN 35419 2467 8 , , , 35419 2467 9 car car NN 35419 2467 10 construction construction NN 35419 2467 11 , , , 35419 2467 12 carving carving NN 35419 2467 13 , , , 35419 2467 14 wooden wooden JJ 35419 2467 15 type type NN 35419 2467 16 , , , 35419 2467 17 tool tool NN 35419 2467 18 handles handle NNS 35419 2467 19 , , , 35419 2467 20 shoe shoe NN 35419 2467 21 lasts last VBZ 35419 2467 22 , , , 35419 2467 23 piano piano NN 35419 2467 24 actions action NNS 35419 2467 25 , , , 35419 2467 26 ships ship NNS 35419 2467 27 ' ' POS 35419 2467 28 keels keel NNS 35419 2467 29 . . . 35419 2468 1 REMARKS remarks NN 35419 2468 2 : : : 35419 2468 3 Tree tree VB 35419 2468 4 very very RB 35419 2468 5 tolerant tolerant RB 35419 2468 6 . . . 35419 2469 1 The the DT 35419 2469 2 uses use NNS 35419 2469 3 of of IN 35419 2469 4 this this DT 35419 2469 5 wood wood NN 35419 2469 6 are be VBP 35419 2469 7 chiefly chiefly RB 35419 2469 8 due due JJ 35419 2469 9 to to IN 35419 2469 10 its -PRON- PRP$ 35419 2469 11 hardness hardness NN 35419 2469 12 . . . 35419 2470 1 Bird's bird's XX 35419 2470 2 - - HYPH 35419 2470 3 Eye Eye NNP 35419 2470 4 Maple Maple NNP 35419 2470 5 and and CC 35419 2470 6 Curly curly RB 35419 2470 7 Maple Maple NNP 35419 2470 8 are be VBP 35419 2470 9 accidental accidental JJ 35419 2470 10 varieties variety NNS 35419 2470 11 . . . 35419 2471 1 Pure pure JJ 35419 2471 2 maple maple NN 35419 2471 3 sugar sugar NN 35419 2471 4 is be VBZ 35419 2471 5 made make VBN 35419 2471 6 chiefly chiefly RB 35419 2471 7 from from IN 35419 2471 8 this this DT 35419 2471 9 species specie NNS 35419 2471 10 . . . 35419 2472 1 Its -PRON- PRP$ 35419 2472 2 ashes ashe NNS 35419 2472 3 yield yield VBP 35419 2472 4 large large JJ 35419 2472 5 quantities quantity NNS 35419 2472 6 of of IN 35419 2472 7 potash potash NN 35419 2472 8 . . . 35419 2473 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 2473 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 2473 3 : : : 35419 2473 4 Radial Radial NNP 35419 2473 5 Section Section NNP 35419 2473 6 , , , 35419 2473 7 life life NN 35419 2473 8 size size NN 35419 2473 9 . . . 35419 2473 10 ] ] -RRB- 35419 2474 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 2474 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 2474 3 : : : 35419 2474 4 Cross cross NN 35419 2474 5 - - NN 35419 2474 6 section section NNP 35419 2474 7 , , , 35419 2474 8 magnified magnify VBN 35419 2474 9 37 37 CD 35419 2474 10 - - HYPH 35419 2474 11 1/2 1/2 CD 35419 2474 12 diameters diameter NNS 35419 2474 13 . . . 35419 2474 14 ] ] -RRB- 35419 2475 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 2475 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 2475 3 : : : 35419 2475 4 Tangential Tangential NNP 35419 2475 5 Section Section NNP 35419 2475 6 , , , 35419 2475 7 life life NN 35419 2475 8 size size NN 35419 2475 9 . . . 35419 2475 10 ] ] -RRB- 35419 2476 1 61 61 CD 35419 2476 2 BASSWOOD basswood NN 35419 2476 3 . . . 35419 2477 1 LINDEN LINDEN NNP 35419 2477 2 . . . 35419 2478 1 Bass Bass NNP 35419 2478 2 , , , 35419 2478 3 refers refer VBZ 35419 2478 4 to to IN 35419 2478 5 bast bast NN 35419 2478 6 or or CC 35419 2478 7 inner inner JJ 35419 2478 8 bark bark NN 35419 2478 9 . . . 35419 2479 1 _ _ NNP 35419 2479 2 Tilia Tilia NNP 35419 2479 3 americana americana VBZ 35419 2479 4 _ _ NNP 35419 2479 5 Linnaeus Linnaeus NNP 35419 2479 6 . . . 35419 2480 1 _ _ NNP 35419 2480 2 Tilia Tilia NNP 35419 2480 3 _ _ NNP 35419 2480 4 , , , 35419 2480 5 the the DT 35419 2480 6 classical classical JJ 35419 2480 7 Latin Latin NNP 35419 2480 8 name name NN 35419 2480 9 . . . 35419 2481 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 2481 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 2481 3 : : : 35419 2481 4 Habitat Habitat NNP 35419 2481 5 . . . 35419 2481 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 2482 1 HABITAT HABITAT NNP 35419 2482 2 : : : 35419 2482 3 ( ( -LRB- 35419 2482 4 See see VB 35419 2482 5 map map NN 35419 2482 6 ) ) -RRB- 35419 2482 7 ; ; : 35419 2482 8 best well RBS 35419 2482 9 in in IN 35419 2482 10 bottom bottom JJ 35419 2482 11 lands land NNS 35419 2482 12 of of IN 35419 2482 13 lower low JJR 35419 2482 14 Ohio Ohio NNP 35419 2482 15 River River NNP 35419 2482 16 . . . 35419 2483 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 2483 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 2483 3 : : : 35419 2483 4 Leaf Leaf NNP 35419 2483 5 . . . 35419 2483 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 2484 1 CHARACTERISTICS characteristic NNS 35419 2484 2 OF of IN 35419 2484 3 THE the DT 35419 2484 4 TREE tree NN 35419 2484 5 : : : 35419 2484 6 Height Height NNP 35419 2484 7 , , , 35419 2484 8 60'-70 60'-70 NNP 35419 2484 9 ' ' POS 35419 2484 10 , , , 35419 2484 11 even even RB 35419 2484 12 130 130 CD 35419 2484 13 ' ' POS 35419 2484 14 ; ; : 35419 2484 15 diameter diameter NN 35419 2484 16 , , , 35419 2484 17 2'-4 2'-4 NNP 35419 2484 18 ' ' POS 35419 2484 19 ; ; : 35419 2484 20 trunk trunk NN 35419 2484 21 , , , 35419 2484 22 erect erect NN 35419 2484 23 , , , 35419 2484 24 pillar pillar NN 35419 2484 25 - - HYPH 35419 2484 26 like like JJ 35419 2484 27 , , , 35419 2484 28 branches branch NNS 35419 2484 29 spreading spread VBG 35419 2484 30 , , , 35419 2484 31 making make VBG 35419 2484 32 round round JJ 35419 2484 33 heads head NNS 35419 2484 34 ; ; : 35419 2484 35 bark bark NN 35419 2484 36 , , , 35419 2484 37 light light NNP 35419 2484 38 brown brown NNP 35419 2484 39 , , , 35419 2484 40 furrowed furrow VBD 35419 2484 41 , , , 35419 2484 42 scaly scaly NNP 35419 2484 43 surface surface NN 35419 2484 44 , , , 35419 2484 45 inner inner JJ 35419 2484 46 bark bark NN 35419 2484 47 fibrous fibrous JJ 35419 2484 48 and and CC 35419 2484 49 tough tough JJ 35419 2484 50 , , , 35419 2484 51 used use VBN 35419 2484 52 for for IN 35419 2484 53 matting matting NN 35419 2484 54 ; ; : 35419 2484 55 leaves leave NNS 35419 2484 56 , , , 35419 2484 57 oblique oblique JJ 35419 2484 58 , , , 35419 2484 59 heart heart NN 35419 2484 60 - - HYPH 35419 2484 61 shaped shape VBN 35419 2484 62 , , , 35419 2484 63 side side VB 35419 2484 64 nearest near JJS 35419 2484 65 branch branch NN 35419 2484 66 larger large JJR 35419 2484 67 ; ; : 35419 2484 68 fruit fruit NN 35419 2484 69 clustered cluster VBN 35419 2484 70 on on IN 35419 2484 71 long long JJ 35419 2484 72 pendulous pendulous JJ 35419 2484 73 stem stem NN 35419 2484 74 , , , 35419 2484 75 attached attach VBN 35419 2484 76 to to IN 35419 2484 77 vein vein NNP 35419 2484 78 of of IN 35419 2484 79 narrow narrow JJ 35419 2484 80 bract bract NN 35419 2484 81 . . . 35419 2485 1 APPEARANCE APPEARANCE NNP 35419 2485 2 OF of IN 35419 2485 3 WOOD wood NN 35419 2485 4 : : : 35419 2485 5 Color color NN 35419 2485 6 , , , 35419 2485 7 very very RB 35419 2485 8 light light JJ 35419 2485 9 brown brown NNP 35419 2485 10 , , , 35419 2485 11 approaching approach VBG 35419 2485 12 cream cream NN 35419 2485 13 color color NN 35419 2485 14 , , , 35419 2485 15 sap sap NN 35419 2485 16 - - HYPH 35419 2485 17 wood wood NN 35419 2485 18 , , , 35419 2485 19 hardly hardly RB 35419 2485 20 distinguishable distinguishable JJ 35419 2485 21 ; ; : 35419 2485 22 diffuse diffuse NN 35419 2485 23 - - HYPH 35419 2485 24 porous porous JJ 35419 2485 25 ; ; : 35419 2485 26 rings ring NNS 35419 2485 27 , , , 35419 2485 28 fine fine JJ 35419 2485 29 and and CC 35419 2485 30 close close JJ 35419 2485 31 but but CC 35419 2485 32 clear clear JJ 35419 2485 33 ; ; : 35419 2485 34 grain grain NN 35419 2485 35 , , , 35419 2485 36 straight straight JJ 35419 2485 37 ; ; : 35419 2485 38 rays ray NNS 35419 2485 39 , , , 35419 2485 40 numerous numerous JJ 35419 2485 41 , , , 35419 2485 42 obscure obscure JJ 35419 2485 43 . . . 35419 2486 1 PHYSICAL physical NN 35419 2486 2 QUALITIES quality NNS 35419 2486 3 : : : 35419 2486 4 Light light NN 35419 2486 5 in in IN 35419 2486 6 weight weight NN 35419 2486 7 ( ( -LRB- 35419 2486 8 49th 49th NN 35419 2486 9 in in IN 35419 2486 10 this this DT 35419 2486 11 list list NN 35419 2486 12 ) ) -RRB- 35419 2486 13 ; ; : 35419 2486 14 28 28 CD 35419 2486 15 lbs lbs NN 35419 2486 16 . . . 35419 2487 1 per per IN 35419 2487 2 cu cu NNP 35419 2487 3 . . . 35419 2488 1 ft ft NNP 35419 2488 2 . . NNP 35419 2488 3 ; ; : 35419 2488 4 sp sp NNP 35419 2488 5 . . . 35419 2489 1 gr gr NNP 35419 2489 2 . . NNP 35419 2489 3 , , , 35419 2489 4 0.4525 0.4525 CD 35419 2489 5 ; ; : 35419 2489 6 weak weak JJ 35419 2489 7 ( ( -LRB- 35419 2489 8 60th 60th NN 35419 2489 9 in in IN 35419 2489 10 this this DT 35419 2489 11 list list NN 35419 2489 12 ) ) -RRB- 35419 2489 13 ; ; : 35419 2489 14 elasticity elasticity NN 35419 2489 15 , , , 35419 2489 16 medium medium NN 35419 2489 17 ( ( -LRB- 35419 2489 18 49th 49th NN 35419 2489 19 in in IN 35419 2489 20 this this DT 35419 2489 21 list list NN 35419 2489 22 ) ) -RRB- 35419 2489 23 ; ; : 35419 2489 24 soft soft JJ 35419 2489 25 ( ( -LRB- 35419 2489 26 64th 64th NN 35419 2489 27 in in IN 35419 2489 28 this this DT 35419 2489 29 list list NN 35419 2489 30 ) ) -RRB- 35419 2489 31 ; ; : 35419 2489 32 shrinkage shrinkage NN 35419 2489 33 , , , 35419 2489 34 6 6 CD 35419 2489 35 per per NN 35419 2489 36 cent cent NN 35419 2489 37 . . . 35419 2490 1 ; ; : 35419 2490 2 warps warps NNP 35419 2490 3 comparatively comparatively RB 35419 2490 4 little little RB 35419 2490 5 ; ; : 35419 2490 6 quite quite RB 35419 2490 7 durable durable JJ 35419 2490 8 ; ; : 35419 2490 9 very very RB 35419 2490 10 easily easily RB 35419 2490 11 worked work VBD 35419 2490 12 ; ; : 35419 2490 13 somewhat somewhat RB 35419 2490 14 tough tough JJ 35419 2490 15 to to TO 35419 2490 16 split split VB 35419 2490 17 , , , 35419 2490 18 nails nail NNS 35419 2490 19 well well RB 35419 2490 20 . . . 35419 2491 1 COMMON common JJ 35419 2491 2 USES use NNS 35419 2491 3 : : : 35419 2491 4 Woodenware woodenware VB 35419 2491 5 , , , 35419 2491 6 carriage carriage NN 35419 2491 7 bodies body NNS 35419 2491 8 , , , 35419 2491 9 etc etc FW 35419 2491 10 . . FW 35419 2491 11 , , , 35419 2491 12 picture picture NN 35419 2491 13 molding molding NN 35419 2491 14 , , , 35419 2491 15 paper paper NN 35419 2491 16 pulp pulp NN 35419 2491 17 , , , 35419 2491 18 etc etc FW 35419 2491 19 . . . 35419 2492 1 REMARKS remarks NN 35419 2492 2 : : : 35419 2492 3 May May MD 35419 2492 4 be be VB 35419 2492 5 propagated propagate VBN 35419 2492 6 by by IN 35419 2492 7 grafting graft VBG 35419 2492 8 as as RB 35419 2492 9 well well RB 35419 2492 10 as as IN 35419 2492 11 by by IN 35419 2492 12 seed seed NN 35419 2492 13 . . . 35419 2493 1 Is be VBZ 35419 2493 2 subject subject JJ 35419 2493 3 to to IN 35419 2493 4 attack attack NN 35419 2493 5 by by IN 35419 2493 6 many many JJ 35419 2493 7 insects insect NNS 35419 2493 8 . . . 35419 2494 1 Wood wood NN 35419 2494 2 used use VBN 35419 2494 3 for for IN 35419 2494 4 carriage carriage NN 35419 2494 5 bodies body NNS 35419 2494 6 because because IN 35419 2494 7 flexible flexible JJ 35419 2494 8 and and CC 35419 2494 9 easily easily RB 35419 2494 10 nailed nail VBN 35419 2494 11 . . . 35419 2495 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 2495 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 2495 3 : : : 35419 2495 4 Radial Radial NNP 35419 2495 5 Section Section NNP 35419 2495 6 , , , 35419 2495 7 life life NN 35419 2495 8 size size NN 35419 2495 9 . . . 35419 2495 10 ] ] -RRB- 35419 2496 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 2496 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 2496 3 : : : 35419 2496 4 Cross cross NN 35419 2496 5 - - NN 35419 2496 6 section section NNP 35419 2496 7 , , , 35419 2496 8 magnified magnify VBN 35419 2496 9 37 37 CD 35419 2496 10 - - HYPH 35419 2496 11 1/2 1/2 CD 35419 2496 12 diameters diameter NNS 35419 2496 13 . . . 35419 2496 14 ] ] -RRB- 35419 2497 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 2497 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 2497 3 : : : 35419 2497 4 Tangential Tangential NNP 35419 2497 5 Section Section NNP 35419 2497 6 , , , 35419 2497 7 life life NN 35419 2497 8 size size NN 35419 2497 9 . . . 35419 2497 10 ] ] -RRB- 35419 2498 1 62 62 CD 35419 2498 2 SOUR sour NN 35419 2498 3 GUM GUM NNP 35419 2498 4 . . . 35419 2499 1 TUPELO TUPELO NNP 35419 2499 2 . . . 35419 2500 1 PEPPERIDGE PEPPERIDGE NNP 35419 2500 2 . . . 35419 2501 1 BLACK BLACK NNP 35419 2501 2 GUM GUM NNP 35419 2501 3 . . . 35419 2502 1 Tupelo Tupelo NNP 35419 2502 2 , , , 35419 2502 3 the the DT 35419 2502 4 Indian indian JJ 35419 2502 5 name name NN 35419 2502 6 . . . 35419 2503 1 _ _ NNP 35419 2503 2 Nyssa Nyssa NNP 35419 2503 3 sylvatica sylvatica NN 35419 2503 4 _ _ NNP 35419 2503 5 Marshal Marshal NNP 35419 2503 6 . . . 35419 2504 1 _ _ NNP 35419 2504 2 Nyssa Nyssa NNP 35419 2504 3 _ _ NNP 35419 2504 4 , , , 35419 2504 5 from from IN 35419 2504 6 Nysa Nysa NNP 35419 2504 7 , , , 35419 2504 8 the the DT 35419 2504 9 realm realm NN 35419 2504 10 of of IN 35419 2504 11 moist moist JJ 35419 2504 12 vegetation vegetation NN 35419 2504 13 and and CC 35419 2504 14 the the DT 35419 2504 15 home home NN 35419 2504 16 of of IN 35419 2504 17 _ _ NNP 35419 2504 18 Dio Dio NNP 35419 2504 19 - - HYPH 35419 2504 20 nysus nysus NNP 35419 2504 21 _ _ NNP 35419 2504 22 ( ( -LRB- 35419 2504 23 Bacchus Bacchus NNP 35419 2504 24 ) ) -RRB- 35419 2504 25 ( ( -LRB- 35419 2504 26 the the DT 35419 2504 27 tree tree NN 35419 2504 28 grows grow VBZ 35419 2504 29 in in IN 35419 2504 30 low low JJ 35419 2504 31 wet wet JJ 35419 2504 32 lands land NNS 35419 2504 33 ) ) -RRB- 35419 2504 34 ; ; : 35419 2504 35 _ _ NNP 35419 2504 36 sylvatica sylvatica NNP 35419 2504 37 _ _ NNP 35419 2504 38 , , , 35419 2504 39 refers refer VBZ 35419 2504 40 to to IN 35419 2504 41 its -PRON- PRP$ 35419 2504 42 habit habit NN 35419 2504 43 of of IN 35419 2504 44 forest forest NN 35419 2504 45 growth growth NN 35419 2504 46 . . . 35419 2505 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 2505 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 2505 3 : : : 35419 2505 4 Habitat Habitat NNP 35419 2505 5 . . . 35419 2505 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 2506 1 HABITAT HABITAT NNP 35419 2506 2 : : : 35419 2506 3 ( ( -LRB- 35419 2506 4 See see VB 35419 2506 5 map map NN 35419 2506 6 ) ) -RRB- 35419 2506 7 ; ; : 35419 2506 8 best well RBS 35419 2506 9 in in IN 35419 2506 10 Southern southern JJ 35419 2506 11 Appalachian appalachian JJ 35419 2506 12 mountains mountain NNS 35419 2506 13 . . . 35419 2507 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 2507 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 2507 3 : : : 35419 2507 4 Leaf Leaf NNP 35419 2507 5 . . . 35419 2507 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 2508 1 CHARACTERISTICS characteristic NNS 35419 2508 2 OF of IN 35419 2508 3 THE the DT 35419 2508 4 TREE tree NN 35419 2508 5 : : : 35419 2508 6 Height height NN 35419 2508 7 , , , 35419 2508 8 40'-50 40'-50 NNP 35419 2508 9 ' ' POS 35419 2508 10 , , , 35419 2508 11 even even RB 35419 2508 12 100 100 CD 35419 2508 13 ' ' POS 35419 2508 14 ; ; : 35419 2508 15 diameter diameter NN 35419 2508 16 , , , 35419 2508 17 1'6"-3'6 1'6"-3'6 CD 35419 2508 18 " " '' 35419 2508 19 , , , 35419 2508 20 even even RB 35419 2508 21 5 5 CD 35419 2508 22 ' ' '' 35419 2508 23 ; ; : 35419 2508 24 variable variable JJ 35419 2508 25 in in IN 35419 2508 26 form form NN 35419 2508 27 ; ; : 35419 2508 28 bark bark NN 35419 2508 29 , , , 35419 2508 30 brown brown NNP 35419 2508 31 , , , 35419 2508 32 deeply deeply RB 35419 2508 33 fissured fissured JJ 35419 2508 34 and and CC 35419 2508 35 scaly scaly NNS 35419 2508 36 ; ; : 35419 2508 37 leaves leave NNS 35419 2508 38 , , , 35419 2508 39 in in IN 35419 2508 40 sprays spray NNS 35419 2508 41 , , , 35419 2508 42 short short JJ 35419 2508 43 , , , 35419 2508 44 petioled petioled JJ 35419 2508 45 , , , 35419 2508 46 brilliant brilliant JJ 35419 2508 47 scarlet scarlet NN 35419 2508 48 in in IN 35419 2508 49 autumn autumn NN 35419 2508 50 ; ; : 35419 2508 51 fruit fruit NN 35419 2508 52 , , , 35419 2508 53 bluish bluish NNP 35419 2508 54 black black NNP 35419 2508 55 , , , 35419 2508 56 sour sour JJ 35419 2508 57 , , , 35419 2508 58 fleshy fleshy NN 35419 2508 59 drupe drupe NN 35419 2508 60 . . . 35419 2509 1 APPEARANCE APPEARANCE NNP 35419 2509 2 OF of IN 35419 2509 3 WOOD wood NN 35419 2509 4 : : : 35419 2509 5 Color color NN 35419 2509 6 , , , 35419 2509 7 pale pale JJ 35419 2509 8 yellow yellow NN 35419 2509 9 , , , 35419 2509 10 sap sap NN 35419 2509 11 - - HYPH 35419 2509 12 wood wood NN 35419 2509 13 , , , 35419 2509 14 white white JJ 35419 2509 15 , , , 35419 2509 16 hardly hardly RB 35419 2509 17 distinguishable distinguishable JJ 35419 2509 18 ; ; : 35419 2509 19 diffuse diffuse NN 35419 2509 20 - - HYPH 35419 2509 21 porous porous JJ 35419 2509 22 ; ; : 35419 2509 23 rings ring NNS 35419 2509 24 , , , 35419 2509 25 not not RB 35419 2509 26 plain plain JJ 35419 2509 27 ; ; : 35419 2509 28 grain grain NN 35419 2509 29 fine fine JJ 35419 2509 30 , , , 35419 2509 31 twisted twisted JJ 35419 2509 32 and and CC 35419 2509 33 interwoven interwoven JJ 35419 2509 34 ; ; , 35419 2509 35 rays ray NNS 35419 2509 36 , , , 35419 2509 37 numerous numerous JJ 35419 2509 38 , , , 35419 2509 39 thin thin JJ 35419 2509 40 . . . 35419 2510 1 PHYSICAL PHYSICAL NNP 35419 2510 2 QUALITIES quality NNS 35419 2510 3 : : : 35419 2510 4 Medium medium NN 35419 2510 5 heavy heavy JJ 35419 2510 6 ( ( -LRB- 35419 2510 7 25th 25th NN 35419 2510 8 in in IN 35419 2510 9 this this DT 35419 2510 10 list list NN 35419 2510 11 ) ) -RRB- 35419 2510 12 ; ; : 35419 2510 13 39 39 CD 35419 2510 14 lbs lbs NN 35419 2510 15 . . . 35419 2511 1 per per IN 35419 2511 2 cu cu NNP 35419 2511 3 . . . 35419 2512 1 ft ft NNP 35419 2512 2 . . NNP 35419 2512 3 ; ; : 35419 2512 4 sp sp NNP 35419 2512 5 . . . 35419 2513 1 gr gr NNP 35419 2513 2 . . NNP 35419 2513 3 , , , 35419 2513 4 0.6356 0.6356 CD 35419 2513 5 ; ; : 35419 2513 6 strong strong JJ 35419 2513 7 ( ( -LRB- 35419 2513 8 34th 34th NN 35419 2513 9 in in IN 35419 2513 10 this this DT 35419 2513 11 list list NN 35419 2513 12 ) ) -RRB- 35419 2513 13 ; ; : 35419 2513 14 elasticity elasticity NN 35419 2513 15 , , , 35419 2513 16 medium medium NNP 35419 2513 17 ( ( -LRB- 35419 2513 18 51st 51st NN 35419 2513 19 in in IN 35419 2513 20 this this DT 35419 2513 21 list list NN 35419 2513 22 ) ) -RRB- 35419 2513 23 ; ; : 35419 2513 24 hard hard JJ 35419 2513 25 ( ( -LRB- 35419 2513 26 20th 20th JJ 35419 2513 27 in in IN 35419 2513 28 this this DT 35419 2513 29 list list NN 35419 2513 30 ) ) -RRB- 35419 2513 31 ; ; : 35419 2513 32 shrinkage shrinkage NN 35419 2513 33 , , , 35419 2513 34 5 5 CD 35419 2513 35 or or CC 35419 2513 36 6 6 CD 35419 2513 37 per per NN 35419 2513 38 cent cent NN 35419 2513 39 . . . 35419 2514 1 ; ; : 35419 2514 2 warps warp NNS 35419 2514 3 and and CC 35419 2514 4 checks check NNS 35419 2514 5 badly badly RB 35419 2514 6 ; ; : 35419 2514 7 not not RB 35419 2514 8 durable durable JJ 35419 2514 9 if if IN 35419 2514 10 exposed expose VBN 35419 2514 11 ; ; : 35419 2514 12 hard hard RB 35419 2514 13 to to TO 35419 2514 14 work work VB 35419 2514 15 ; ; : 35419 2514 16 splits split VBZ 35419 2514 17 hard hard RB 35419 2514 18 , , , 35419 2514 19 tough tough JJ 35419 2514 20 . . . 35419 2515 1 COMMON common JJ 35419 2515 2 USES use NNS 35419 2515 3 : : : 35419 2515 4 Wagon wagon NN 35419 2515 5 hubs hub NNS 35419 2515 6 , , , 35419 2515 7 handles handle NNS 35419 2515 8 , , , 35419 2515 9 yokes yoke NNS 35419 2515 10 , , , 35419 2515 11 wooden wooden JJ 35419 2515 12 shoe shoe NN 35419 2515 13 soles sol NNS 35419 2515 14 , , , 35419 2515 15 docks dock NNS 35419 2515 16 and and CC 35419 2515 17 wharves wharf NNS 35419 2515 18 , , , 35419 2515 19 rollers roller NNS 35419 2515 20 in in IN 35419 2515 21 glass glass NN 35419 2515 22 factories factory NNS 35419 2515 23 . . . 35419 2516 1 REMARKS remarks NN 35419 2516 2 : : : 35419 2516 3 The the DT 35419 2516 4 best good JJS 35419 2516 5 grades grade NNS 35419 2516 6 closely closely RB 35419 2516 7 resemble resemble VBP 35419 2516 8 yellow yellow JJ 35419 2516 9 poplar poplar NN 35419 2516 10 . . . 35419 2517 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 2517 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 2517 3 : : : 35419 2517 4 Radial Radial NNP 35419 2517 5 Section Section NNP 35419 2517 6 , , , 35419 2517 7 life life NN 35419 2517 8 size size NN 35419 2517 9 . . . 35419 2517 10 ] ] -RRB- 35419 2518 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 2518 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 2518 3 : : : 35419 2518 4 Cross cross NN 35419 2518 5 - - NN 35419 2518 6 section section NNP 35419 2518 7 , , , 35419 2518 8 magnified magnify VBN 35419 2518 9 37 37 CD 35419 2518 10 - - HYPH 35419 2518 11 1/2 1/2 CD 35419 2518 12 diameters diameter NNS 35419 2518 13 . . . 35419 2518 14 ] ] -RRB- 35419 2519 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 2519 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 2519 3 : : : 35419 2519 4 Tangential Tangential NNP 35419 2519 5 Section Section NNP 35419 2519 6 , , , 35419 2519 7 life life NN 35419 2519 8 size size NN 35419 2519 9 . . . 35419 2519 10 ] ] -RRB- 35419 2520 1 63 63 CD 35419 2520 2 BLACK black NN 35419 2520 3 ASH ash NN 35419 2520 4 . . . 35419 2521 1 HOOP HOOP NNP 35419 2521 2 ASH ASH NNP 35419 2521 3 . . . 35419 2522 1 Hoop Hoop NNP 35419 2522 2 , , , 35419 2522 3 refers refer VBZ 35419 2522 4 to to IN 35419 2522 5 its -PRON- PRP$ 35419 2522 6 use use NN 35419 2522 7 for for IN 35419 2522 8 barrel barrel NN 35419 2522 9 hoops hoop NNS 35419 2522 10 . . . 35419 2523 1 _ _ NNP 35419 2523 2 Fraxinus Fraxinus NNP 35419 2523 3 nigra nigra NN 35419 2523 4 _ _ NNP 35419 2523 5 Marshall Marshall NNP 35419 2523 6 . . . 35419 2524 1 _ _ NNP 35419 2524 2 Fraxinus Fraxinus NNP 35419 2524 3 sambucifolia sambucifolia NN 35419 2524 4 . . . 35419 2524 5 _ _ NNP 35419 2524 6 _ _ NNP 35419 2524 7 Fraxinus Fraxinus NNP 35419 2524 8 _ _ NNP 35419 2524 9 , , , 35419 2524 10 from from IN 35419 2524 11 a a DT 35419 2524 12 Greek greek JJ 35419 2524 13 word word NN 35419 2524 14 ( ( -LRB- 35419 2524 15 _ _ NNP 35419 2524 16 phraxis phraxi NNS 35419 2524 17 _ _ NNP 35419 2524 18 ) ) -RRB- 35419 2524 19 meaning meaning NN 35419 2524 20 split split NN 35419 2524 21 , , , 35419 2524 22 refers refer VBZ 35419 2524 23 to to IN 35419 2524 24 the the DT 35419 2524 25 cleavability cleavability NN 35419 2524 26 of of IN 35419 2524 27 the the DT 35419 2524 28 wood wood NN 35419 2524 29 ; ; : 35419 2524 30 _ _ NNP 35419 2524 31 sambucifolia sambucifolia NNP 35419 2524 32 _ _ NNP 35419 2524 33 , , , 35419 2524 34 refers refer VBZ 35419 2524 35 to to IN 35419 2524 36 the the DT 35419 2524 37 fact fact NN 35419 2524 38 that that IN 35419 2524 39 the the DT 35419 2524 40 leaves leave NNS 35419 2524 41 are be VBP 35419 2524 42 in in IN 35419 2524 43 odor odor NN 35419 2524 44 like like IN 35419 2524 45 those those DT 35419 2524 46 of of IN 35419 2524 47 Elder elder NN 35419 2524 48 ( ( -LRB- 35419 2524 49 Sambucus Sambucus NNP 35419 2524 50 ) ) -RRB- 35419 2524 51 . . . 35419 2525 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 2525 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 2525 3 : : : 35419 2525 4 Habitat Habitat NNP 35419 2525 5 . . . 35419 2525 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 2526 1 HABITAT HABITAT NNP 35419 2526 2 : : : 35419 2526 3 ( ( -LRB- 35419 2526 4 See see VB 35419 2526 5 map map NN 35419 2526 6 ) ) -RRB- 35419 2526 7 ; ; : 35419 2526 8 best well RBS 35419 2526 9 in in IN 35419 2526 10 moist moist JJ 35419 2526 11 places place NNS 35419 2526 12 . . . 35419 2527 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 2527 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 2527 3 : : : 35419 2527 4 Leaf Leaf NNP 35419 2527 5 . . . 35419 2527 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 2528 1 CHARACTERISTICS characteristic NNS 35419 2528 2 OF of IN 35419 2528 3 THE the DT 35419 2528 4 TREE tree NN 35419 2528 5 : : : 35419 2528 6 Height Height NNP 35419 2528 7 , , , 35419 2528 8 80'-90 80'-90 NNP 35419 2528 9 ' ' '' 35419 2528 10 ; ; : 35419 2528 11 diameter diameter NN 35419 2528 12 , , , 35419 2528 13 1'-1 1'-1 CD 35419 2528 14 - - HYPH 35419 2528 15 1/2 1/2 NNP 35419 2528 16 ' ' '' 35419 2528 17 ; ; : 35419 2528 18 slenderest slender JJS 35419 2528 19 of of IN 35419 2528 20 the the DT 35419 2528 21 forest forest NN 35419 2528 22 trees tree NNS 35419 2528 23 , , , 35419 2528 24 upright upright JJ 35419 2528 25 branches branch NNS 35419 2528 26 ; ; : 35419 2528 27 bark bark NN 35419 2528 28 , , , 35419 2528 29 gray gray JJ 35419 2528 30 tinged tinge VBD 35419 2528 31 with with IN 35419 2528 32 red red JJ 35419 2528 33 , , , 35419 2528 34 irregular irregular JJ 35419 2528 35 plates plate NNS 35419 2528 36 , , , 35419 2528 37 with with IN 35419 2528 38 thin thin JJ 35419 2528 39 scales scale NNS 35419 2528 40 ; ; : 35419 2528 41 leaves leave NNS 35419 2528 42 , , , 35419 2528 43 10"-16 10"-16 CD 35419 2528 44 " " `` 35419 2528 45 long long JJ 35419 2528 46 , , , 35419 2528 47 compound compound NN 35419 2528 48 , , , 35419 2528 49 7 7 CD 35419 2528 50 to to TO 35419 2528 51 11 11 CD 35419 2528 52 leaflets leaflet NNS 35419 2528 53 , , , 35419 2528 54 in in IN 35419 2528 55 autumn autumn NN 35419 2528 56 rusty rusty NNP 35419 2528 57 brown brown NNP 35419 2528 58 ; ; : 35419 2528 59 fruit fruit NN 35419 2528 60 , , , 35419 2528 61 single single JJ 35419 2528 62 samaras samara NNS 35419 2528 63 in in IN 35419 2528 64 panicles panicle NNS 35419 2528 65 . . . 35419 2529 1 APPEARANCE APPEARANCE NNP 35419 2529 2 OF of IN 35419 2529 3 WOOD wood NN 35419 2529 4 : : : 35419 2529 5 Color color NN 35419 2529 6 , , , 35419 2529 7 dark dark JJ 35419 2529 8 brown brown NN 35419 2529 9 , , , 35419 2529 10 sap sap NN 35419 2529 11 - - HYPH 35419 2529 12 wood wood NN 35419 2529 13 light light NN 35419 2529 14 ; ; : 35419 2529 15 ring ring NN 35419 2529 16 - - HYPH 35419 2529 17 porous porous JJ 35419 2529 18 ; ; : 35419 2529 19 rings ring NNS 35419 2529 20 , , , 35419 2529 21 well well RB 35419 2529 22 defined define VBN 35419 2529 23 ; ; : 35419 2529 24 grain grain NN 35419 2529 25 , , , 35419 2529 26 straight straight JJ 35419 2529 27 , , , 35419 2529 28 burls burl NNS 35419 2529 29 often often RB 35419 2529 30 form form VBP 35419 2529 31 highly highly RB 35419 2529 32 prized prize VBN 35419 2529 33 veneers veneer NNS 35419 2529 34 ; ; : 35419 2529 35 rays ray NNS 35419 2529 36 , , , 35419 2529 37 numerous numerous JJ 35419 2529 38 and and CC 35419 2529 39 thin thin JJ 35419 2529 40 . . . 35419 2530 1 PHYSICAL PHYSICAL NNP 35419 2530 2 QUALITIES quality NNS 35419 2530 3 : : : 35419 2530 4 Medium medium NN 35419 2530 5 heavy heavy JJ 35419 2530 6 ( ( -LRB- 35419 2530 7 27th 27th NN 35419 2530 8 in in IN 35419 2530 9 this this DT 35419 2530 10 list list NN 35419 2530 11 ) ) -RRB- 35419 2530 12 ; ; : 35419 2530 13 39 39 CD 35419 2530 14 lbs lbs NN 35419 2530 15 . . . 35419 2531 1 per per IN 35419 2531 2 cu cu NNP 35419 2531 3 . . . 35419 2532 1 ft ft NNP 35419 2532 2 . . NNP 35419 2532 3 ; ; : 35419 2532 4 sp sp NNP 35419 2532 5 . . . 35419 2533 1 gr gr NNP 35419 2533 2 . . NNP 35419 2533 3 , , , 35419 2533 4 0.6318 0.6318 CD 35419 2533 5 ; ; : 35419 2533 6 strong strong JJ 35419 2533 7 ( ( -LRB- 35419 2533 8 38th 38th NN 35419 2533 9 in in IN 35419 2533 10 this this DT 35419 2533 11 list list NN 35419 2533 12 ) ) -RRB- 35419 2533 13 ; ; : 35419 2533 14 elasticity elasticity NN 35419 2533 15 , , , 35419 2533 16 medium medium NNP 35419 2533 17 ( ( -LRB- 35419 2533 18 12th 12th NN 35419 2533 19 in in IN 35419 2533 20 this this DT 35419 2533 21 list list NN 35419 2533 22 ) ) -RRB- 35419 2533 23 ; ; : 35419 2533 24 hard hard JJ 35419 2533 25 ( ( -LRB- 35419 2533 26 23d 23d NNS 35419 2533 27 in in IN 35419 2533 28 this this DT 35419 2533 29 list list NN 35419 2533 30 ) ) -RRB- 35419 2533 31 ; ; : 35419 2533 32 shrinkage shrinkage NN 35419 2533 33 , , , 35419 2533 34 5 5 CD 35419 2533 35 per per NN 35419 2533 36 cent cent NN 35419 2533 37 . . . 35419 2534 1 ; ; : 35419 2534 2 warps warps NNP 35419 2534 3 , , , 35419 2534 4 but but CC 35419 2534 5 not not RB 35419 2534 6 very very RB 35419 2534 7 much much RB 35419 2534 8 ; ; : 35419 2534 9 not not RB 35419 2534 10 durable durable JJ 35419 2534 11 when when WRB 35419 2534 12 exposed expose VBN 35419 2534 13 ; ; : 35419 2534 14 hard hard RB 35419 2534 15 to to TO 35419 2534 16 work work VB 35419 2534 17 ; ; : 35419 2534 18 separates separate NNS 35419 2534 19 easily easily RB 35419 2534 20 in in IN 35419 2534 21 layers layer NNS 35419 2534 22 , , , 35419 2534 23 hence hence RB 35419 2534 24 used use VBN 35419 2534 25 for for IN 35419 2534 26 splints splint NNS 35419 2534 27 . . . 35419 2535 1 COMMON common JJ 35419 2535 2 USES use NNS 35419 2535 3 : : : 35419 2535 4 Interior interior JJ 35419 2535 5 finish finish NN 35419 2535 6 , , , 35419 2535 7 cabinet cabinet NN 35419 2535 8 work work NN 35419 2535 9 , , , 35419 2535 10 fencing fencing NN 35419 2535 11 , , , 35419 2535 12 barrel barrel NN 35419 2535 13 hoops hoop NNS 35419 2535 14 . . . 35419 2536 1 REMARKS remarks NN 35419 2536 2 : : : 35419 2536 3 The the DT 35419 2536 4 flexibility flexibility NN 35419 2536 5 of of IN 35419 2536 6 the the DT 35419 2536 7 wood wood NN 35419 2536 8 largely largely RB 35419 2536 9 determines determine VBZ 35419 2536 10 its -PRON- PRP$ 35419 2536 11 uses use NNS 35419 2536 12 . . . 35419 2537 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 2537 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 2537 3 : : : 35419 2537 4 Radial Radial NNP 35419 2537 5 Section Section NNP 35419 2537 6 , , , 35419 2537 7 life life NN 35419 2537 8 size size NN 35419 2537 9 . . . 35419 2537 10 ] ] -RRB- 35419 2538 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 2538 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 2538 3 : : : 35419 2538 4 Cross cross NN 35419 2538 5 - - NN 35419 2538 6 section section NNP 35419 2538 7 , , , 35419 2538 8 magnified magnify VBN 35419 2538 9 37 37 CD 35419 2538 10 - - HYPH 35419 2538 11 1/2 1/2 CD 35419 2538 12 diameters diameter NNS 35419 2538 13 . . . 35419 2538 14 ] ] -RRB- 35419 2539 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 2539 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 2539 3 : : : 35419 2539 4 Tangential Tangential NNP 35419 2539 5 Section Section NNP 35419 2539 6 , , , 35419 2539 7 life life NN 35419 2539 8 size size NN 35419 2539 9 . . . 35419 2539 10 ] ] -RRB- 35419 2540 1 64 64 CD 35419 2540 2 OREGON OREGON NNP 35419 2540 3 ASH ash NN 35419 2540 4 . . . 35419 2541 1 _ _ NNP 35419 2541 2 Fraxinus Fraxinus NNP 35419 2541 3 oregona oregona NN 35419 2541 4 _ _ NNP 35419 2541 5 Nuttall Nuttall NNP 35419 2541 6 . . . 35419 2542 1 _ _ NNP 35419 2542 2 Fraxinus Fraxinus NNP 35419 2542 3 _ _ NNP 35419 2542 4 , , , 35419 2542 5 from from IN 35419 2542 6 a a DT 35419 2542 7 Greek greek JJ 35419 2542 8 word word NN 35419 2542 9 ( ( -LRB- 35419 2542 10 _ _ NNP 35419 2542 11 phraxis phraxi NNS 35419 2542 12 _ _ NNP 35419 2542 13 ) ) -RRB- 35419 2542 14 meaning meaning NN 35419 2542 15 split split NN 35419 2542 16 , , , 35419 2542 17 refers refer VBZ 35419 2542 18 to to IN 35419 2542 19 the the DT 35419 2542 20 cleavability cleavability NN 35419 2542 21 of of IN 35419 2542 22 the the DT 35419 2542 23 wood wood NN 35419 2542 24 ; ; : 35419 2542 25 _ _ NNP 35419 2542 26 oregona oregona NNP 35419 2542 27 _ _ NNP 35419 2542 28 , , , 35419 2542 29 named name VBN 35419 2542 30 for for IN 35419 2542 31 the the DT 35419 2542 32 State State NNP 35419 2542 33 of of IN 35419 2542 34 Oregon Oregon NNP 35419 2542 35 . . . 35419 2543 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 2543 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 2543 3 : : : 35419 2543 4 Habitat Habitat NNP 35419 2543 5 . . . 35419 2543 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 2544 1 HABITAT HABITAT NNP 35419 2544 2 : : : 35419 2544 3 ( ( -LRB- 35419 2544 4 See see VB 35419 2544 5 map map NN 35419 2544 6 ) ) -RRB- 35419 2544 7 ; ; : 35419 2544 8 best well RBS 35419 2544 9 in in IN 35419 2544 10 southern southern JJ 35419 2544 11 Oregon Oregon NNP 35419 2544 12 . . . 35419 2545 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 2545 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 2545 3 : : : 35419 2545 4 Leaf Leaf NNP 35419 2545 5 . . . 35419 2545 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 2546 1 CHARACTERISTICS characteristic NNS 35419 2546 2 OF of IN 35419 2546 3 THE the DT 35419 2546 4 TREE tree NN 35419 2546 5 : : : 35419 2546 6 Height Height NNP 35419 2546 7 , , , 35419 2546 8 50'-80 50'-80 NNP 35419 2546 9 ' ' POS 35419 2546 10 ; ; : 35419 2546 11 diameter diameter NN 35419 2546 12 , , , 35419 2546 13 1'-1 1'-1 CD 35419 2546 14 - - HYPH 35419 2546 15 1/2 1/2 NNP 35419 2546 16 ' ' '' 35419 2546 17 , , , 35419 2546 18 even even RB 35419 2546 19 4 4 CD 35419 2546 20 ' ' '' 35419 2546 21 ; ; : 35419 2546 22 branches branch NNS 35419 2546 23 , , , 35419 2546 24 stout stout RB 35419 2546 25 , , , 35419 2546 26 erect erect NN 35419 2546 27 ; ; : 35419 2546 28 bark bark NN 35419 2546 29 , , , 35419 2546 30 grayish grayish NNP 35419 2546 31 brown brown NNP 35419 2546 32 , , , 35419 2546 33 deep deep JJ 35419 2546 34 interrupted interrupt VBN 35419 2546 35 fissures fissure NNS 35419 2546 36 , , , 35419 2546 37 broad broad JJ 35419 2546 38 , , , 35419 2546 39 flat flat JJ 35419 2546 40 ridges ridge NNS 35419 2546 41 , , , 35419 2546 42 exfoliates exfoliate NNS 35419 2546 43 ; ; , 35419 2546 44 leaves leave NNS 35419 2546 45 , , , 35419 2546 46 5"-14 5"-14 LS 35419 2546 47 " " `` 35419 2546 48 long long RB 35419 2546 49 ; ; : 35419 2546 50 pinnately pinnately RB 35419 2546 51 compound compound JJ 35419 2546 52 , , , 35419 2546 53 5 5 CD 35419 2546 54 to to TO 35419 2546 55 7 7 CD 35419 2546 56 leaflets leaflet NNS 35419 2546 57 ; ; : 35419 2546 58 fruit fruit NN 35419 2546 59 , , , 35419 2546 60 single single JJ 35419 2546 61 samaras samara NNS 35419 2546 62 in in IN 35419 2546 63 clusters cluster NNS 35419 2546 64 . . . 35419 2547 1 APPEARANCE APPEARANCE NNP 35419 2547 2 OF of IN 35419 2547 3 WOOD wood NN 35419 2547 4 : : : 35419 2547 5 Color color NN 35419 2547 6 , , , 35419 2547 7 brown brown NNP 35419 2547 8 , , , 35419 2547 9 sap sap NN 35419 2547 10 - - HYPH 35419 2547 11 wood wood NN 35419 2547 12 thick thick JJ 35419 2547 13 , , , 35419 2547 14 lighter light JJR 35419 2547 15 ; ; : 35419 2547 16 ring re VBG 35419 2547 17 - - HYPH 35419 2547 18 porous porous JJ 35419 2547 19 ; ; : 35419 2547 20 rings ring NNS 35419 2547 21 , , , 35419 2547 22 plainly plainly RB 35419 2547 23 marked mark VBN 35419 2547 24 by by IN 35419 2547 25 large large JJ 35419 2547 26 , , , 35419 2547 27 open open JJ 35419 2547 28 , , , 35419 2547 29 scattered scatter VBN 35419 2547 30 pores pore NNS 35419 2547 31 ; ; : 35419 2547 32 grain grain NN 35419 2547 33 , , , 35419 2547 34 coarse coarse JJ 35419 2547 35 , , , 35419 2547 36 straight straight JJ 35419 2547 37 ; ; : 35419 2547 38 rays ray NNS 35419 2547 39 , , , 35419 2547 40 numerous numerous JJ 35419 2547 41 , , , 35419 2547 42 thin thin JJ 35419 2547 43 . . . 35419 2548 1 PHYSICAL physical NN 35419 2548 2 QUALITIES quality NNS 35419 2548 3 : : : 35419 2548 4 Weight weight NN 35419 2548 5 , , , 35419 2548 6 medium medium NN 35419 2548 7 ( ( -LRB- 35419 2548 8 37th 37th NN 35419 2548 9 in in IN 35419 2548 10 this this DT 35419 2548 11 list list NN 35419 2548 12 ) ) -RRB- 35419 2548 13 ; ; : 35419 2548 14 35 35 CD 35419 2548 15 lbs lbs NN 35419 2548 16 . . . 35419 2549 1 per per IN 35419 2549 2 cu cu NNP 35419 2549 3 . . . 35419 2550 1 ft ft NNP 35419 2550 2 . . NNP 35419 2550 3 ; ; : 35419 2550 4 sp sp NNP 35419 2550 5 . . . 35419 2551 1 gr gr NNP 35419 2551 2 . . NNP 35419 2551 3 , , , 35419 2551 4 0.5731 0.5731 CD 35419 2551 5 ; ; : 35419 2551 6 medium medium NN 35419 2551 7 strong strong JJ 35419 2551 8 ( ( -LRB- 35419 2551 9 50th 50th JJ 35419 2551 10 in in IN 35419 2551 11 this this DT 35419 2551 12 list list NN 35419 2551 13 ) ) -RRB- 35419 2551 14 ; ; : 35419 2551 15 elasticity elasticity NN 35419 2551 16 , , , 35419 2551 17 medium medium NNP 35419 2551 18 ( ( -LRB- 35419 2551 19 48th 48th NN 35419 2551 20 in in IN 35419 2551 21 this this DT 35419 2551 22 list list NN 35419 2551 23 ) ) -RRB- 35419 2551 24 ; ; : 35419 2551 25 medium medium NNP 35419 2551 26 hard hard JJ 35419 2551 27 ( ( -LRB- 35419 2551 28 29th 29th NN 35419 2551 29 in in IN 35419 2551 30 this this DT 35419 2551 31 list list NN 35419 2551 32 ) ) -RRB- 35419 2551 33 ; ; : 35419 2551 34 shrinkage shrinkage NN 35419 2551 35 , , , 35419 2551 36 5 5 CD 35419 2551 37 per per NN 35419 2551 38 cent cent NN 35419 2551 39 . . . 35419 2552 1 ; ; : 35419 2552 2 warps warps NNP 35419 2552 3 , , , 35419 2552 4 ............ ............ NFP 35419 2552 5 ; ; : 35419 2552 6 not not RB 35419 2552 7 durable durable JJ 35419 2552 8 ; ; : 35419 2552 9 hard hard JJ 35419 2552 10 to to TO 35419 2552 11 work work VB 35419 2552 12 , , , 35419 2552 13 tough tough JJ 35419 2552 14 ; ; : 35419 2552 15 splits split NNS 35419 2552 16 with with IN 35419 2552 17 difficulty difficulty NN 35419 2552 18 . . . 35419 2553 1 COMMON common JJ 35419 2553 2 USES use NNS 35419 2553 3 : : : 35419 2553 4 Furniture furniture NN 35419 2553 5 , , , 35419 2553 6 vehicles vehicle NNS 35419 2553 7 , , , 35419 2553 8 cooperage cooperage NN 35419 2553 9 . . . 35419 2554 1 REMARKS remarks NN 35419 2554 2 : : : 35419 2554 3 A a DT 35419 2554 4 valuable valuable JJ 35419 2554 5 timber timber NN 35419 2554 6 tree tree NN 35419 2554 7 of of IN 35419 2554 8 the the DT 35419 2554 9 Pacific Pacific NNP 35419 2554 10 coast coast NN 35419 2554 11 . . . 35419 2555 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 2555 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 2555 3 : : : 35419 2555 4 Radial Radial NNP 35419 2555 5 Section Section NNP 35419 2555 6 , , , 35419 2555 7 life life NN 35419 2555 8 size size NN 35419 2555 9 . . . 35419 2555 10 ] ] -RRB- 35419 2556 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 2556 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 2556 3 : : : 35419 2556 4 Cross cross NN 35419 2556 5 - - NN 35419 2556 6 section section NNP 35419 2556 7 , , , 35419 2556 8 magnified magnify VBN 35419 2556 9 37 37 CD 35419 2556 10 - - HYPH 35419 2556 11 1/2 1/2 CD 35419 2556 12 diameters diameter NNS 35419 2556 13 . . . 35419 2556 14 ] ] -RRB- 35419 2557 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 2557 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 2557 3 : : : 35419 2557 4 Tangential Tangential NNP 35419 2557 5 Section Section NNP 35419 2557 6 , , , 35419 2557 7 life life NN 35419 2557 8 size size NN 35419 2557 9 . . . 35419 2557 10 ] ] -RRB- 35419 2558 1 65 65 CD 35419 2558 2 BLUE BLUE NNP 35419 2558 3 ASH ash NN 35419 2558 4 . . . 35419 2559 1 Blue Blue NNP 35419 2559 2 , , , 35419 2559 3 refers refer VBZ 35419 2559 4 to to IN 35419 2559 5 blue blue JJ 35419 2559 6 dye dye NN 35419 2559 7 obtained obtain VBN 35419 2559 8 from from IN 35419 2559 9 inner inner JJ 35419 2559 10 bark bark NN 35419 2559 11 . . . 35419 2560 1 _ _ NNP 35419 2560 2 Fraxinus Fraxinus NNP 35419 2560 3 quadrangulata quadrangulata NN 35419 2560 4 _ _ NNP 35419 2560 5 Michaux Michaux NNP 35419 2560 6 . . . 35419 2561 1 _ _ NNP 35419 2561 2 Fraxinus Fraxinus NNP 35419 2561 3 _ _ NNP 35419 2561 4 , , , 35419 2561 5 from from IN 35419 2561 6 a a DT 35419 2561 7 Greek greek JJ 35419 2561 8 word word NN 35419 2561 9 ( ( -LRB- 35419 2561 10 _ _ NNP 35419 2561 11 phraxis phraxi NNS 35419 2561 12 _ _ NNP 35419 2561 13 ) ) -RRB- 35419 2561 14 meaning meaning NN 35419 2561 15 split split NN 35419 2561 16 , , , 35419 2561 17 refers refer VBZ 35419 2561 18 to to IN 35419 2561 19 the the DT 35419 2561 20 cleavability cleavability NN 35419 2561 21 of of IN 35419 2561 22 the the DT 35419 2561 23 wood wood NN 35419 2561 24 ; ; : 35419 2561 25 _ _ NNP 35419 2561 26 quadrangulata quadrangulata NNP 35419 2561 27 _ _ NNP 35419 2561 28 , , , 35419 2561 29 refers refer VBZ 35419 2561 30 to to IN 35419 2561 31 four four CD 35419 2561 32 - - HYPH 35419 2561 33 angled angle VBN 35419 2561 34 branchlets branchlet NNS 35419 2561 35 . . . 35419 2562 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 2562 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 2562 3 : : : 35419 2562 4 Habitat Habitat NNP 35419 2562 5 . . . 35419 2562 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 2563 1 HABITAT HABITAT NNP 35419 2563 2 : : : 35419 2563 3 ( ( -LRB- 35419 2563 4 See see VB 35419 2563 5 map map NN 35419 2563 6 ) ) -RRB- 35419 2563 7 ; ; : 35419 2563 8 best well RBS 35419 2563 9 in in IN 35419 2563 10 lower low JJR 35419 2563 11 Wabash Wabash NNP 35419 2563 12 valley valley NN 35419 2563 13 . . . 35419 2564 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 2564 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 2564 3 : : : 35419 2564 4 Leaf Leaf NNP 35419 2564 5 . . . 35419 2564 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 2565 1 CHARACTERISTICS characteristic NNS 35419 2565 2 OF of IN 35419 2565 3 THE the DT 35419 2565 4 TREE tree NN 35419 2565 5 : : : 35419 2565 6 Height Height NNP 35419 2565 7 , , , 35419 2565 8 60'-70 60'-70 NNP 35419 2565 9 ' ' POS 35419 2565 10 , , , 35419 2565 11 even even RB 35419 2565 12 120 120 CD 35419 2565 13 ' ' POS 35419 2565 14 ; ; : 35419 2565 15 diameter diameter NN 35419 2565 16 , , , 35419 2565 17 1'-2 1'-2 NNP 35419 2565 18 ' ' POS 35419 2565 19 ; ; : 35419 2565 20 tall tall JJ 35419 2565 21 , , , 35419 2565 22 slender slend JJR 35419 2565 23 , , , 35419 2565 24 four four CD 35419 2565 25 - - HYPH 35419 2565 26 angled angle VBN 35419 2565 27 , , , 35419 2565 28 branchlets branchlet NNS 35419 2565 29 ; ; : 35419 2565 30 bark bark NN 35419 2565 31 , , , 35419 2565 32 light light JJ 35419 2565 33 gray gray NN 35419 2565 34 , , , 35419 2565 35 irregularly irregularly RB 35419 2565 36 divided divide VBN 35419 2565 37 into into IN 35419 2565 38 large large JJ 35419 2565 39 plate plate NN 35419 2565 40 - - HYPH 35419 2565 41 like like JJ 35419 2565 42 scales scale NNS 35419 2565 43 , , , 35419 2565 44 inside inside JJ 35419 2565 45 bark bark NN 35419 2565 46 , , , 35419 2565 47 bluish bluish NNP 35419 2565 48 , , , 35419 2565 49 yielding yield VBG 35419 2565 50 dye dye NN 35419 2565 51 ; ; : 35419 2565 52 leaves leave NNS 35419 2565 53 , , , 35419 2565 54 8"-12 8"-12 NNP 35419 2565 55 " " `` 35419 2565 56 long long JJ 35419 2565 57 , , , 35419 2565 58 compound compound NN 35419 2565 59 pinnate pinnate NN 35419 2565 60 , , , 35419 2565 61 5 5 CD 35419 2565 62 to to TO 35419 2565 63 9 9 CD 35419 2565 64 leaflets leaflet NNS 35419 2565 65 ; ; : 35419 2565 66 fruit fruit NN 35419 2565 67 , , , 35419 2565 68 winged wing VBD 35419 2565 69 samaras samaras NNP 35419 2565 70 in in IN 35419 2565 71 panicles panicle NNS 35419 2565 72 . . . 35419 2566 1 APPEARANCE APPEARANCE NNP 35419 2566 2 OF of IN 35419 2566 3 WOOD wood NN 35419 2566 4 : : : 35419 2566 5 Color color NN 35419 2566 6 , , , 35419 2566 7 light light NN 35419 2566 8 yellow yellow NN 35419 2566 9 , , , 35419 2566 10 streaked streak VBN 35419 2566 11 with with IN 35419 2566 12 brown brown NNP 35419 2566 13 , , , 35419 2566 14 sap sap NN 35419 2566 15 - - HYPH 35419 2566 16 wood wood NN 35419 2566 17 lighter lighter NN 35419 2566 18 ; ; : 35419 2566 19 ring re VBG 35419 2566 20 - - HYPH 35419 2566 21 porous porous JJ 35419 2566 22 ; ; : 35419 2566 23 rings ring NNS 35419 2566 24 , , , 35419 2566 25 clearly clearly RB 35419 2566 26 marked mark VBN 35419 2566 27 by by IN 35419 2566 28 1 1 CD 35419 2566 29 to to TO 35419 2566 30 3 3 CD 35419 2566 31 rows row NNS 35419 2566 32 of of IN 35419 2566 33 large large JJ 35419 2566 34 , , , 35419 2566 35 open open JJ 35419 2566 36 ducts duct NNS 35419 2566 37 ; ; : 35419 2566 38 grain grain NN 35419 2566 39 , , , 35419 2566 40 straight straight JJ 35419 2566 41 ; ; : 35419 2566 42 rays ray NNS 35419 2566 43 , , , 35419 2566 44 numerous numerous JJ 35419 2566 45 , , , 35419 2566 46 obscure obscure JJ 35419 2566 47 . . . 35419 2567 1 PHYSICAL PHYSICAL NNP 35419 2567 2 QUALITIES quality NNS 35419 2567 3 : : : 35419 2567 4 Heavy heavy JJ 35419 2567 5 ( ( -LRB- 35419 2567 6 16th 16th NN 35419 2567 7 in in IN 35419 2567 8 this this DT 35419 2567 9 list list NN 35419 2567 10 ) ) -RRB- 35419 2567 11 ; ; : 35419 2567 12 44 44 CD 35419 2567 13 lbs lbs NN 35419 2567 14 . . . 35419 2568 1 per per IN 35419 2568 2 cu cu NNP 35419 2568 3 . . . 35419 2569 1 ft ft NNP 35419 2569 2 . . NNP 35419 2569 3 ; ; : 35419 2569 4 sp sp NNP 35419 2569 5 . . . 35419 2570 1 gr gr NNP 35419 2570 2 . . NNP 35419 2570 3 , , , 35419 2570 4 0.7184 0.7184 CD 35419 2570 5 ; ; : 35419 2570 6 strong strong JJ 35419 2570 7 ( ( -LRB- 35419 2570 8 37th 37th NN 35419 2570 9 in in IN 35419 2570 10 this this DT 35419 2570 11 list list NN 35419 2570 12 ) ) -RRB- 35419 2570 13 ; ; : 35419 2570 14 elasticity elasticity NN 35419 2570 15 , , , 35419 2570 16 medium medium NN 35419 2570 17 ( ( -LRB- 35419 2570 18 58th 58th NN 35419 2570 19 in in IN 35419 2570 20 this this DT 35419 2570 21 list list NN 35419 2570 22 ) ) -RRB- 35419 2570 23 ; ; : 35419 2570 24 hard hard JJ 35419 2570 25 ( ( -LRB- 35419 2570 26 12th 12th NN 35419 2570 27 in in IN 35419 2570 28 this this DT 35419 2570 29 list list NN 35419 2570 30 ) ) -RRB- 35419 2570 31 ; ; : 35419 2570 32 shrinkage shrinkage NN 35419 2570 33 , , , 35419 2570 34 5 5 CD 35419 2570 35 per per NN 35419 2570 36 cent cent NN 35419 2570 37 . . . 35419 2571 1 ; ; : 35419 2571 2 warps warps NNP 35419 2571 3 , , , 35419 2571 4 ............ ............ NFP 35419 2571 5 ; ; : 35419 2571 6 most most RBS 35419 2571 7 durable durable JJ 35419 2571 8 of of IN 35419 2571 9 the the DT 35419 2571 10 ashes ashe NNS 35419 2571 11 ; ; : 35419 2571 12 hard hard JJ 35419 2571 13 to to TO 35419 2571 14 work work VB 35419 2571 15 ; ; : 35419 2571 16 splits split VBZ 35419 2571 17 readily readily RB 35419 2571 18 , , , 35419 2571 19 bad bad JJ 35419 2571 20 for for IN 35419 2571 21 nailing nail VBG 35419 2571 22 . . . 35419 2572 1 COMMON common JJ 35419 2572 2 USES use NNS 35419 2572 3 : : : 35419 2572 4 Carriage carriage NN 35419 2572 5 building building NN 35419 2572 6 , , , 35419 2572 7 tool tool NN 35419 2572 8 handles handle NNS 35419 2572 9 . . . 35419 2573 1 REMARKS remarks NN 35419 2573 2 : : : 35419 2573 3 Blue blue JJ 35419 2573 4 ash ash NN 35419 2573 5 pitchfork pitchfork NN 35419 2573 6 handles handle NNS 35419 2573 7 are be VBP 35419 2573 8 famous famous JJ 35419 2573 9 . . . 35419 2574 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 2574 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 2574 3 : : : 35419 2574 4 Radial Radial NNP 35419 2574 5 Section Section NNP 35419 2574 6 , , , 35419 2574 7 life life NN 35419 2574 8 size size NN 35419 2574 9 . . . 35419 2574 10 ] ] -RRB- 35419 2575 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 2575 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 2575 3 : : : 35419 2575 4 Tangential Tangential NNP 35419 2575 5 Section Section NNP 35419 2575 6 , , , 35419 2575 7 life life NN 35419 2575 8 size size NN 35419 2575 9 . . . 35419 2575 10 ] ] -RRB- 35419 2576 1 66 66 CD 35419 2576 2 RED RED NNP 35419 2576 3 ASH ash NN 35419 2576 4 . . . 35419 2577 1 Red red JJ 35419 2577 2 , , , 35419 2577 3 from from IN 35419 2577 4 color color NN 35419 2577 5 of of IN 35419 2577 6 inner inner JJ 35419 2577 7 bark bark NN 35419 2577 8 . . . 35419 2578 1 _ _ NNP 35419 2578 2 Fraxinus Fraxinus NNP 35419 2578 3 pennsylvanica pennsylvanica NN 35419 2578 4 _ _ NNP 35419 2578 5 Marshall Marshall NNP 35419 2578 6 . . . 35419 2579 1 _ _ NNP 35419 2579 2 Fraxinus Fraxinus NNP 35419 2579 3 pubescens pubescen NNS 35419 2579 4 _ _ NNP 35419 2579 5 Lambert Lambert NNP 35419 2579 6 . . . 35419 2580 1 _ _ NNP 35419 2580 2 Fraxinus Fraxinus NNP 35419 2580 3 _ _ NNP 35419 2580 4 , , , 35419 2580 5 from from IN 35419 2580 6 a a DT 35419 2580 7 Greek greek JJ 35419 2580 8 word word NN 35419 2580 9 ( ( -LRB- 35419 2580 10 _ _ NNP 35419 2580 11 phraxis phraxi NNS 35419 2580 12 _ _ NNP 35419 2580 13 ) ) -RRB- 35419 2580 14 meaning meaning NN 35419 2580 15 split split NN 35419 2580 16 , , , 35419 2580 17 refers refer VBZ 35419 2580 18 to to IN 35419 2580 19 the the DT 35419 2580 20 cleavability cleavability NN 35419 2580 21 of of IN 35419 2580 22 the the DT 35419 2580 23 wood wood NN 35419 2580 24 ; ; : 35419 2580 25 _ _ NNP 35419 2580 26 pennsylvanica pennsylvanica NNP 35419 2580 27 _ _ NNP 35419 2580 28 , , , 35419 2580 29 in in IN 35419 2580 30 honor honor NN 35419 2580 31 of of IN 35419 2580 32 the the DT 35419 2580 33 State State NNP 35419 2580 34 of of IN 35419 2580 35 Pennsylvania Pennsylvania NNP 35419 2580 36 ; ; : 35419 2580 37 _ _ NNP 35419 2580 38 pubescens pubescen NNS 35419 2580 39 _ _ NNP 35419 2580 40 , , , 35419 2580 41 refers refer VBZ 35419 2580 42 to to IN 35419 2580 43 down down RB 35419 2580 44 on on IN 35419 2580 45 new new JJ 35419 2580 46 leaves leave NNS 35419 2580 47 and and CC 35419 2580 48 twigs twig NNS 35419 2580 49 . . . 35419 2581 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 2581 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 2581 3 : : : 35419 2581 4 Habitat Habitat NNP 35419 2581 5 . . . 35419 2581 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 2582 1 HABITAT HABITAT NNP 35419 2582 2 : : : 35419 2582 3 ( ( -LRB- 35419 2582 4 See see VB 35419 2582 5 map map NN 35419 2582 6 ) ) -RRB- 35419 2582 7 ; ; : 35419 2582 8 best good JJS 35419 2582 9 east east NN 35419 2582 10 of of IN 35419 2582 11 Alleghany alleghany JJ 35419 2582 12 mountains mountain NNS 35419 2582 13 . . . 35419 2583 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 2583 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 2583 3 : : : 35419 2583 4 Leaf Leaf NNP 35419 2583 5 . . . 35419 2583 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 2584 1 CHARACTERISTICS characteristic NNS 35419 2584 2 OF of IN 35419 2584 3 THE the DT 35419 2584 4 TREE tree NN 35419 2584 5 : : : 35419 2584 6 Height height NN 35419 2584 7 , , , 35419 2584 8 40'-60 40'-60 NNP 35419 2584 9 ' ' POS 35419 2584 10 ; ; : 35419 2584 11 diameter diameter NN 35419 2584 12 , , , 35419 2584 13 12"-18 12"-18 CD 35419 2584 14 " " '' 35419 2584 15 ; ; , 35419 2584 16 small small JJ 35419 2584 17 , , , 35419 2584 18 slim slim JJ 35419 2584 19 , , , 35419 2584 20 upright upright JJ 35419 2584 21 branches branch NNS 35419 2584 22 ; ; : 35419 2584 23 bark bark NN 35419 2584 24 , , , 35419 2584 25 brown brown NNP 35419 2584 26 or or CC 35419 2584 27 ashy ashy JJ 35419 2584 28 , , , 35419 2584 29 great great JJ 35419 2584 30 , , , 35419 2584 31 shallow shallow JJ 35419 2584 32 , , , 35419 2584 33 longitudinal longitudinal JJ 35419 2584 34 furrows furrow NNS 35419 2584 35 ; ; : 35419 2584 36 leaves leave NNS 35419 2584 37 , , , 35419 2584 38 10"-12 10"-12 VBZ 35419 2584 39 " " `` 35419 2584 40 long long JJ 35419 2584 41 , , , 35419 2584 42 pinnately pinnately RB 35419 2584 43 compound compound JJ 35419 2584 44 , , , 35419 2584 45 7 7 CD 35419 2584 46 to to TO 35419 2584 47 9 9 CD 35419 2584 48 leaflets leaflet NNS 35419 2584 49 , , , 35419 2584 50 covered cover VBN 35419 2584 51 with with IN 35419 2584 52 down down RB 35419 2584 53 ; ; : 35419 2584 54 fruit fruit NN 35419 2584 55 , , , 35419 2584 56 single single JJ 35419 2584 57 samara samara NN 35419 2584 58 . . . 35419 2585 1 APPEARANCE APPEARANCE NNP 35419 2585 2 OF of IN 35419 2585 3 WOOD wood NN 35419 2585 4 : : : 35419 2585 5 Color color NN 35419 2585 6 , , , 35419 2585 7 light light NN 35419 2585 8 brown brown NNP 35419 2585 9 , , , 35419 2585 10 sap sap NN 35419 2585 11 - - HYPH 35419 2585 12 wood wood NN 35419 2585 13 lighter light JJR 35419 2585 14 and and CC 35419 2585 15 yellowish yellowish JJ 35419 2585 16 ; ; : 35419 2585 17 ring re VBG 35419 2585 18 porous porous JJ 35419 2585 19 ; ; : 35419 2585 20 rings ring NNS 35419 2585 21 , , , 35419 2585 22 marked mark VBN 35419 2585 23 by by IN 35419 2585 24 pores pore NNS 35419 2585 25 ; ; : 35419 2585 26 grain grain NN 35419 2585 27 , , , 35419 2585 28 straight straight JJ 35419 2585 29 , , , 35419 2585 30 coarse coarse JJ 35419 2585 31 ; ; : 35419 2585 32 rays ray NNS 35419 2585 33 , , , 35419 2585 34 numerous numerous JJ 35419 2585 35 , , , 35419 2585 36 thin thin JJ 35419 2585 37 . . . 35419 2586 1 PHYSICAL physical NN 35419 2586 2 QUALITIES quality NNS 35419 2586 3 : : : 35419 2586 4 Weight weight NN 35419 2586 5 , , , 35419 2586 6 medium medium NN 35419 2586 7 ( ( -LRB- 35419 2586 8 28th 28th NN 35419 2586 9 in in IN 35419 2586 10 this this DT 35419 2586 11 list list NN 35419 2586 12 ) ) -RRB- 35419 2586 13 ; ; : 35419 2586 14 39 39 CD 35419 2586 15 lbs lbs NN 35419 2586 16 . . . 35419 2587 1 per per IN 35419 2587 2 cu cu NNP 35419 2587 3 . . . 35419 2588 1 ft ft NNP 35419 2588 2 . . NNP 35419 2588 3 ; ; : 35419 2588 4 sp sp NNP 35419 2588 5 . . . 35419 2589 1 gr gr NNP 35419 2589 2 . . NNP 35419 2589 3 , , , 35419 2589 4 0.6251 0.6251 NNP 35419 2589 5 ; ; : 35419 2589 6 strong strong JJ 35419 2589 7 ( ( -LRB- 35419 2589 8 30th 30th NN 35419 2589 9 in in IN 35419 2589 10 this this DT 35419 2589 11 list list NN 35419 2589 12 ) ) -RRB- 35419 2589 13 ; ; : 35419 2589 14 elasticity elasticity NN 35419 2589 15 , , , 35419 2589 16 medium medium NN 35419 2589 17 ( ( -LRB- 35419 2589 18 53d 53d NNS 35419 2589 19 in in IN 35419 2589 20 this this DT 35419 2589 21 list list NN 35419 2589 22 ) ) -RRB- 35419 2589 23 ; ; : 35419 2589 24 hard hard JJ 35419 2589 25 ( ( -LRB- 35419 2589 26 17th 17th NN 35419 2589 27 in in IN 35419 2589 28 this this DT 35419 2589 29 list list NN 35419 2589 30 ) ) -RRB- 35419 2589 31 ; ; : 35419 2589 32 shrinkage shrinkage NN 35419 2589 33 , , , 35419 2589 34 5 5 CD 35419 2589 35 per per NN 35419 2589 36 cent cent NN 35419 2589 37 . . . 35419 2590 1 ; ; : 35419 2590 2 warps warps NNP 35419 2590 3 little little JJ 35419 2590 4 ; ; : 35419 2590 5 not not RB 35419 2590 6 durable durable JJ 35419 2590 7 ; ; : 35419 2590 8 hard hard JJ 35419 2590 9 to to TO 35419 2590 10 work work VB 35419 2590 11 ; ; : 35419 2590 12 splits split NNS 35419 2590 13 in in IN 35419 2590 14 nailing nail VBG 35419 2590 15 . . . 35419 2591 1 COMMON common JJ 35419 2591 2 USES use NNS 35419 2591 3 : : : 35419 2591 4 Agricultural agricultural JJ 35419 2591 5 implements implement NNS 35419 2591 6 , , , 35419 2591 7 oars oar NNS 35419 2591 8 , , , 35419 2591 9 handles handle NNS 35419 2591 10 , , , 35419 2591 11 boats boat NNS 35419 2591 12 . . . 35419 2592 1 REMARKS remarks NN 35419 2592 2 : : : 35419 2592 3 Often often RB 35419 2592 4 sold sell VBN 35419 2592 5 with with IN 35419 2592 6 and and CC 35419 2592 7 as as IN 35419 2592 8 the the DT 35419 2592 9 superior superior JJ 35419 2592 10 white white NNP 35419 2592 11 ash ash NNP 35419 2592 12 . . . 35419 2593 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 2593 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 2593 3 : : : 35419 2593 4 Radial Radial NNP 35419 2593 5 Section Section NNP 35419 2593 6 , , , 35419 2593 7 life life NN 35419 2593 8 size size NN 35419 2593 9 . . . 35419 2593 10 ] ] -RRB- 35419 2594 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 2594 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 2594 3 : : : 35419 2594 4 Cross cross NN 35419 2594 5 - - NN 35419 2594 6 section section NNP 35419 2594 7 , , , 35419 2594 8 magnified magnify VBN 35419 2594 9 37 37 CD 35419 2594 10 - - HYPH 35419 2594 11 1/2 1/2 CD 35419 2594 12 diameters diameter NNS 35419 2594 13 . . . 35419 2594 14 ] ] -RRB- 35419 2595 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 2595 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 2595 3 : : : 35419 2595 4 Tangential Tangential NNP 35419 2595 5 Section Section NNP 35419 2595 6 , , , 35419 2595 7 life life NN 35419 2595 8 size size NN 35419 2595 9 . . . 35419 2595 10 ] ] -RRB- 35419 2596 1 67 67 CD 35419 2596 2 WHITE WHITE NNP 35419 2596 3 ASH ASH NNP 35419 2596 4 . . . 35419 2597 1 White White NNP 35419 2597 2 , , , 35419 2597 3 refers refer VBZ 35419 2597 4 to to IN 35419 2597 5 whitish whitish JJ 35419 2597 6 color color NN 35419 2597 7 of of IN 35419 2597 8 wood wood NN 35419 2597 9 . . . 35419 2598 1 _ _ NNP 35419 2598 2 Fraxinus Fraxinus NNP 35419 2598 3 americana americana NNS 35419 2598 4 _ _ NNP 35419 2598 5 Linnaeus Linnaeus NNP 35419 2598 6 . . . 35419 2599 1 _ _ NNP 35419 2599 2 Fraxinus Fraxinus NNP 35419 2599 3 _ _ NNP 35419 2599 4 , , , 35419 2599 5 from from IN 35419 2599 6 a a DT 35419 2599 7 Greek greek JJ 35419 2599 8 word word NN 35419 2599 9 ( ( -LRB- 35419 2599 10 _ _ NNP 35419 2599 11 phraxis phraxi NNS 35419 2599 12 _ _ NNP 35419 2599 13 ) ) -RRB- 35419 2599 14 meaning meaning NN 35419 2599 15 split split NN 35419 2599 16 , , , 35419 2599 17 refers refer VBZ 35419 2599 18 to to IN 35419 2599 19 the the DT 35419 2599 20 cleavability cleavability NN 35419 2599 21 of of IN 35419 2599 22 the the DT 35419 2599 23 wood wood NN 35419 2599 24 . . . 35419 2600 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 2600 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 2600 3 : : : 35419 2600 4 Habitat Habitat NNP 35419 2600 5 . . . 35419 2600 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 2601 1 HABITAT HABITAT NNP 35419 2601 2 : : : 35419 2601 3 ( ( -LRB- 35419 2601 4 See see VB 35419 2601 5 map map NN 35419 2601 6 ) ) -RRB- 35419 2601 7 ; ; : 35419 2601 8 best well RBS 35419 2601 9 in in IN 35419 2601 10 the the DT 35419 2601 11 bottom bottom JJ 35419 2601 12 lands land NNS 35419 2601 13 of of IN 35419 2601 14 lower low JJR 35419 2601 15 Ohio Ohio NNP 35419 2601 16 valley valley NN 35419 2601 17 . . . 35419 2602 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 2602 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 2602 3 : : : 35419 2602 4 Leaf Leaf NNP 35419 2602 5 . . . 35419 2602 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 2603 1 CHARACTERISTICS characteristic NNS 35419 2603 2 OF of IN 35419 2603 3 THE the DT 35419 2603 4 TREE tree NN 35419 2603 5 : : : 35419 2603 6 Height Height NNP 35419 2603 7 , , , 35419 2603 8 70'-80 70'-80 NNP 35419 2603 9 ' ' POS 35419 2603 10 , , , 35419 2603 11 even even RB 35419 2603 12 120 120 CD 35419 2603 13 ' ' POS 35419 2603 14 ; ; : 35419 2603 15 diameter diameter NN 35419 2603 16 , , , 35419 2603 17 3'-6 3'-6 NNP 35419 2603 18 ' ' '' 35419 2603 19 ; ; : 35419 2603 20 branches branch NNS 35419 2603 21 rather rather RB 35419 2603 22 high high JJ 35419 2603 23 , , , 35419 2603 24 tree tree NN 35419 2603 25 singularly singularly RB 35419 2603 26 graceful graceful JJ 35419 2603 27 ; ; : 35419 2603 28 bark bark NN 35419 2603 29 , , , 35419 2603 30 gray gray JJ 35419 2603 31 , , , 35419 2603 32 narrow narrow JJ 35419 2603 33 furrows furrow NNS 35419 2603 34 , , , 35419 2603 35 clean clean JJ 35419 2603 36 , , , 35419 2603 37 neat neat JJ 35419 2603 38 trunk trunk NN 35419 2603 39 ; ; : 35419 2603 40 leaves leave NNS 35419 2603 41 , , , 35419 2603 42 8"-15 8"-15 NN 35419 2603 43 " " `` 35419 2603 44 long long JJ 35419 2603 45 , , , 35419 2603 46 compound compound NN 35419 2603 47 , , , 35419 2603 48 tufted tufte VBN 35419 2603 49 , , , 35419 2603 50 smooth smooth JJ 35419 2603 51 , , , 35419 2603 52 turns turn VBZ 35419 2603 53 in in IN 35419 2603 54 autumn autumn NN 35419 2603 55 to to IN 35419 2603 56 beautiful beautiful JJ 35419 2603 57 purples purple NNS 35419 2603 58 , , , 35419 2603 59 browns brown NNS 35419 2603 60 and and CC 35419 2603 61 yellows yellow NNS 35419 2603 62 ; ; : 35419 2603 63 fruit fruit NN 35419 2603 64 , , , 35419 2603 65 panicles panicle NNS 35419 2603 66 of of IN 35419 2603 67 samaras samara NNS 35419 2603 68 , , , 35419 2603 69 persistent persistent JJ 35419 2603 70 till till IN 35419 2603 71 midwinter midwinter NN 35419 2603 72 . . . 35419 2604 1 APPEARANCE APPEARANCE NNP 35419 2604 2 OF of IN 35419 2604 3 WOOD wood NN 35419 2604 4 : : : 35419 2604 5 Color color NN 35419 2604 6 , , , 35419 2604 7 light light JJ 35419 2604 8 reddish reddish JJ 35419 2604 9 brown brown NN 35419 2604 10 , , , 35419 2604 11 sap sap NN 35419 2604 12 - - HYPH 35419 2604 13 wood wood NN 35419 2604 14 whitish whitish NN 35419 2604 15 ; ; : 35419 2604 16 ring ring NN 35419 2604 17 - - HYPH 35419 2604 18 porous porous JJ 35419 2604 19 , , , 35419 2604 20 rings ring NNS 35419 2604 21 clearly clearly RB 35419 2604 22 marked mark VBN 35419 2604 23 by by IN 35419 2604 24 pores pore NNS 35419 2604 25 ; ; : 35419 2604 26 straight straight RB 35419 2604 27 - - HYPH 35419 2604 28 grained grained JJ 35419 2604 29 ; ; : 35419 2604 30 pith pith NNP 35419 2604 31 rays ray NNS 35419 2604 32 obscure obscure RB 35419 2604 33 . . . 35419 2605 1 PHYSICAL PHYSICAL NNP 35419 2605 2 QUALITIES quality NNS 35419 2605 3 : : : 35419 2605 4 Heavy heavy JJ 35419 2605 5 ( ( -LRB- 35419 2605 6 22d 22d NNS 35419 2605 7 in in IN 35419 2605 8 this this DT 35419 2605 9 list list NN 35419 2605 10 ) ) -RRB- 35419 2605 11 ; ; : 35419 2605 12 39 39 CD 35419 2605 13 lbs lbs NN 35419 2605 14 . . . 35419 2606 1 per per IN 35419 2606 2 cu cu NNP 35419 2606 3 . . . 35419 2607 1 ft ft NNP 35419 2607 2 . . NNP 35419 2607 3 ; ; : 35419 2607 4 sp sp NNP 35419 2607 5 . . . 35419 2608 1 gr gr NNP 35419 2608 2 . . NNP 35419 2608 3 , , , 35419 2608 4 0.6543 0.6543 CD 35419 2608 5 ; ; : 35419 2608 6 strong strong JJ 35419 2608 7 ( ( -LRB- 35419 2608 8 31st 31st NN 35419 2608 9 in in IN 35419 2608 10 this this DT 35419 2608 11 list list NN 35419 2608 12 ) ) -RRB- 35419 2608 13 ; ; : 35419 2608 14 elastic elastic JJ 35419 2608 15 ( ( -LRB- 35419 2608 16 30th 30th NN 35419 2608 17 in in IN 35419 2608 18 this this DT 35419 2608 19 list list NN 35419 2608 20 ) ) -RRB- 35419 2608 21 ; ; : 35419 2608 22 hard hard JJ 35419 2608 23 ( ( -LRB- 35419 2608 24 17th 17th NN 35419 2608 25 in in IN 35419 2608 26 this this DT 35419 2608 27 list list NN 35419 2608 28 ) ) -RRB- 35419 2608 29 ; ; : 35419 2608 30 shrinkage shrinkage NN 35419 2608 31 , , , 35419 2608 32 5 5 CD 35419 2608 33 per per NN 35419 2608 34 cent cent NN 35419 2608 35 . . . 35419 2609 1 ; ; : 35419 2609 2 warps warps NNP 35419 2609 3 little little JJ 35419 2609 4 ; ; : 35419 2609 5 not not RB 35419 2609 6 durable durable JJ 35419 2609 7 in in IN 35419 2609 8 contact contact NN 35419 2609 9 with with IN 35419 2609 10 soil soil NN 35419 2609 11 ; ; : 35419 2609 12 hard hard JJ 35419 2609 13 and and CC 35419 2609 14 tough tough JJ 35419 2609 15 ; ; : 35419 2609 16 splits split VBZ 35419 2609 17 readily readily RB 35419 2609 18 , , , 35419 2609 19 nails nail NNS 35419 2609 20 badly badly RB 35419 2609 21 . . . 35419 2610 1 COMMON common JJ 35419 2610 2 USES use NNS 35419 2610 3 : : : 35419 2610 4 Inside inside IN 35419 2610 5 finish finish NN 35419 2610 6 , , , 35419 2610 7 farm farm NN 35419 2610 8 implements implement NNS 35419 2610 9 , , , 35419 2610 10 barrels barrel NNS 35419 2610 11 , , , 35419 2610 12 baskets basket NNS 35419 2610 13 , , , 35419 2610 14 oars oar NNS 35419 2610 15 , , , 35419 2610 16 carriages carriage NNS 35419 2610 17 . . . 35419 2611 1 REMARKS remarks NN 35419 2611 2 : : : 35419 2611 3 Forms form NNS 35419 2611 4 no no DT 35419 2611 5 forests forest NNS 35419 2611 6 , , , 35419 2611 7 occurs occur VBZ 35419 2611 8 scattered scatter VBN 35419 2611 9 . . . 35419 2612 1 Its -PRON- PRP$ 35419 2612 2 uses use NNS 35419 2612 3 for for IN 35419 2612 4 handles handle NNS 35419 2612 5 and and CC 35419 2612 6 oars oar NNS 35419 2612 7 determined determine VBN 35419 2612 8 by by IN 35419 2612 9 combination combination NN 35419 2612 10 of of IN 35419 2612 11 strength strength NN 35419 2612 12 , , , 35419 2612 13 lightness lightness NN 35419 2612 14 and and CC 35419 2612 15 elasticity elasticity NN 35419 2612 16 . . . 35419 2613 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 2613 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 2613 3 : : : 35419 2613 4 Radial Radial NNP 35419 2613 5 Section Section NNP 35419 2613 6 , , , 35419 2613 7 life life NN 35419 2613 8 size size NN 35419 2613 9 . . . 35419 2613 10 ] ] -RRB- 35419 2614 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 2614 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 2614 3 : : : 35419 2614 4 Cross cross NN 35419 2614 5 - - NN 35419 2614 6 section section NNP 35419 2614 7 , , , 35419 2614 8 magnified magnify VBN 35419 2614 9 37 37 CD 35419 2614 10 - - HYPH 35419 2614 11 1/2 1/2 CD 35419 2614 12 diameters diameter NNS 35419 2614 13 . . . 35419 2614 14 ] ] -RRB- 35419 2615 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 2615 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 2615 3 : : : 35419 2615 4 Tangential Tangential NNP 35419 2615 5 Section Section NNP 35419 2615 6 , , , 35419 2615 7 life life NN 35419 2615 8 size size NN 35419 2615 9 . . . 35419 2615 10 ] ] -RRB- 35419 2616 1 LIST LIST NNP 35419 2616 2 OF of IN 35419 2616 3 66 66 CD 35419 2616 4 COMMON common JJ 35419 2616 5 WOODS woods NN 35419 2616 6 ARRANGED arranged NN 35419 2616 7 IN in IN 35419 2616 8 THE the DT 35419 2616 9 ORDER order NN 35419 2616 10 OF of IN 35419 2616 11 THEIR their NN 35419 2616 12 WEIGHT WEIGHT NNP 35419 2616 13 . . . 35419 2617 1 1 1 LS 35419 2617 2 . . . 35419 2618 1 Shellbark Shellbark NNP 35419 2618 2 hickory hickory NN 35419 2618 3 . . . 35419 2619 1 2 2 LS 35419 2619 2 . . . 35419 2620 1 Post Post NNP 35419 2620 2 oak oak NNP 35419 2620 3 . . . 35419 2621 1 3 3 LS 35419 2621 2 . . . 35419 2622 1 Mockernut Mockernut NNP 35419 2622 2 . . . 35419 2623 1 4 4 LS 35419 2623 2 . . . 35419 2624 1 Pignut Pignut NNP 35419 2624 2 . . . 35419 2625 1 5 5 CD 35419 2625 2 . . . 35419 2626 1 Basket basket NN 35419 2626 2 oak oak NN 35419 2626 3 . . . 35419 2627 1 6 6 CD 35419 2627 2 . . . 35419 2628 1 Cherry cherry NN 35419 2628 2 birch birch NN 35419 2628 3 . . . 35419 2629 1 7 7 LS 35419 2629 2 . . . 35419 2630 1 Slash slash NN 35419 2630 2 pine pine NN 35419 2630 3 . . . 35419 2631 1 8 8 LS 35419 2631 2 . . . 35419 2632 1 White white JJ 35419 2632 2 oak oak NNP 35419 2632 3 . . . 35419 2633 1 9 9 CD 35419 2633 2 . . . 35419 2634 1 Bur bur VB 35419 2634 2 oak oak NN 35419 2634 3 . . . 35419 2635 1 10 10 CD 35419 2635 2 . . . 35419 2636 1 Western western JJ 35419 2636 2 white white JJ 35419 2636 3 oak oak NN 35419 2636 4 . . . 35419 2637 1 11 11 CD 35419 2637 2 . . . 35419 2638 1 Western western JJ 35419 2638 2 larch larch NN 35419 2638 3 . . . 35419 2639 1 12 12 CD 35419 2639 2 . . . 35419 2640 1 Black black JJ 35419 2640 2 locust locust NN 35419 2640 3 . . . 35419 2641 1 13 13 CD 35419 2641 2 . . . 35419 2642 1 Blue blue JJ 35419 2642 2 beech beech NN 35419 2642 3 . . . 35419 2643 1 14 14 CD 35419 2643 2 . . . 35419 2644 1 Mahogany Mahogany NNP 35419 2644 2 . . . 35419 2645 1 15 15 CD 35419 2645 2 . . . 35419 2646 1 Cork cork NN 35419 2646 2 elm elm NN 35419 2646 3 . . . 35419 2647 1 16 16 CD 35419 2647 2 . . . 35419 2648 1 Blue blue JJ 35419 2648 2 ash ash NN 35419 2648 3 . . . 35419 2649 1 17 17 CD 35419 2649 2 . . . 35419 2650 1 Black black JJ 35419 2650 2 oak oak NN 35419 2650 3 . . . 35419 2651 1 18 18 CD 35419 2651 2 . . . 35419 2652 1 Longleaf longleaf NN 35419 2652 2 pine pine NN 35419 2652 3 . . . 35419 2653 1 19 19 CD 35419 2653 2 . . . 35419 2654 1 Hard hard JJ 35419 2654 2 maple maple NN 35419 2654 3 . . . 35419 2655 1 20 20 CD 35419 2655 2 . . . 35419 2656 1 Beech Beech NNP 35419 2656 2 . . . 35419 2657 1 21 21 CD 35419 2657 2 . . . 35419 2658 1 Yellow yellow JJ 35419 2658 2 birch birch NN 35419 2658 3 . . . 35419 2659 1 22 22 CD 35419 2659 2 . . . 35419 2660 1 White white JJ 35419 2660 2 ash ash NN 35419 2660 3 . . . 35419 2661 1 23 23 CD 35419 2661 2 . . . 35419 2662 1 Red red JJ 35419 2662 2 oak oak NN 35419 2662 3 . . . 35419 2663 1 24 24 CD 35419 2663 2 . . . 35419 2664 1 White White NNP 35419 2664 2 elm elm NNP 35419 2664 3 . . . 35419 2665 1 25 25 CD 35419 2665 2 . . . 35419 2666 1 Sour sour JJ 35419 2666 2 gum gum NN 35419 2666 3 . . . 35419 2667 1 26 26 CD 35419 2667 2 . . . 35419 2668 1 Oregon Oregon NNP 35419 2668 2 maple maple NN 35419 2668 3 . . . 35419 2669 1 27 27 CD 35419 2669 2 . . . 35419 2670 1 Black black JJ 35419 2670 2 ash ash NN 35419 2670 3 . . . 35419 2671 1 28 28 CD 35419 2671 2 . . . 35419 2672 1 Red red JJ 35419 2672 2 ash ash NN 35419 2672 3 . . . 35419 2673 1 29 29 CD 35419 2673 2 . . . 35419 2674 1 Tamarack tamarack UH 35419 2674 2 . . . 35419 2675 1 30 30 CD 35419 2675 2 . . . 35419 2676 1 Red red JJ 35419 2676 2 maple maple NN 35419 2676 3 . . . 35419 2677 1 31 31 CD 35419 2677 2 . . . 35419 2678 1 Black black JJ 35419 2678 2 walnut walnut NNP 35419 2678 3 . . . 35419 2679 1 32 32 CD 35419 2679 2 . . . 35419 2680 1 Shortleaf shortleaf JJ 35419 2680 2 pine pine NN 35419 2680 3 . . . 35419 2681 1 33 33 CD 35419 2681 2 . . . 35419 2682 1 Canoe canoe VB 35419 2682 2 birch birch NN 35419 2682 3 . . . 35419 2683 1 34 34 CD 35419 2683 2 . . . 35419 2684 1 Sweet sweet JJ 35419 2684 2 gum gum NN 35419 2684 3 . . . 35419 2685 1 35 35 CD 35419 2685 2 . . . 35419 2686 1 Wild wild JJ 35419 2686 2 black black JJ 35419 2686 3 cherry cherry NN 35419 2686 4 . . . 35419 2687 1 36 36 CD 35419 2687 2 . . . 35419 2688 1 Red red JJ 35419 2688 2 birch birch NN 35419 2688 3 . . . 35419 2689 1 37 37 CD 35419 2689 2 . . . 35419 2690 1 Oregon Oregon NNP 35419 2690 2 ash ash NN 35419 2690 3 . . . 35419 2691 1 38 38 CD 35419 2691 2 . . . 35419 2692 1 Sycamore Sycamore VBN 35419 2692 2 . . . 35419 2693 1 39 39 CD 35419 2693 2 . . . 35419 2694 1 Loblolly loblolly RB 35419 2694 2 pine pine JJ 35419 2694 3 . . . 35419 2695 1 40 40 CD 35419 2695 2 . . . 35419 2696 1 Soft soft JJ 35419 2696 2 maple maple NN 35419 2696 3 . . . 35419 2697 1 41 41 CD 35419 2697 2 . . . 35419 2698 1 Douglas Douglas NNP 35419 2698 2 spruce spruce VBP 35419 2698 3 . . . 35419 2699 1 42 42 CD 35419 2699 2 . . . 35419 2700 1 Red red JJ 35419 2700 2 cedar cedar NN 35419 2700 3 . . . 35419 2701 1 43 43 CD 35419 2701 2 . . . 35419 2702 1 Norway norway DT 35419 2702 2 pine pine NN 35419 2702 3 . . . 35419 2703 1 44 44 CD 35419 2703 2 . . . 35419 2704 1 Western western JJ 35419 2704 2 yellow yellow JJ 35419 2704 3 pine pine NN 35419 2704 4 . . . 35419 2705 1 45 45 CD 35419 2705 2 . . . 35419 2706 1 Cucumber cucumber NN 35419 2706 2 tree tree NN 35419 2706 3 . . . 35419 2707 1 46 46 CD 35419 2707 2 . . . 35419 2708 1 Lawson Lawson NNP 35419 2708 2 cypress cypress NN 35419 2708 3 . . . 35419 2709 1 47 47 CD 35419 2709 2 . . . 35419 2710 1 Black black JJ 35419 2710 2 spruce spruce NN 35419 2710 3 and and CC 35419 2710 4 Red red JJ 35419 2710 5 spruce spruce NN 35419 2710 6 . . . 35419 2711 1 48 48 CD 35419 2711 2 . . . 35419 2712 1 Bald Bald NNP 35419 2712 2 cypress cypress NNP 35419 2712 3 . . . 35419 2713 1 49 49 CD 35419 2713 2 . . . 35419 2714 1 Basswood Basswood NNP 35419 2714 2 . . . 35419 2715 1 50 50 CD 35419 2715 2 . . . 35419 2716 1 Chestnut chestnut NN 35419 2716 2 . . . 35419 2717 1 51 51 CD 35419 2717 2 . . . 35419 2718 1 Black black JJ 35419 2718 2 willow willow NN 35419 2718 3 . . . 35419 2719 1 52 52 CD 35419 2719 2 . . . 35419 2720 1 Tideland Tideland NNP 35419 2720 2 spruce spruce NN 35419 2720 3 . . . 35419 2721 1 53 53 CD 35419 2721 2 . . . 35419 2722 1 Hemlock Hemlock NNP 35419 2722 2 . . . 35419 2723 1 54 54 CD 35419 2723 2 . . . 35419 2724 1 Yellow yellow JJ 35419 2724 2 poplar poplar NN 35419 2724 3 . . . 35419 2725 1 55 55 CD 35419 2725 2 . . . 35419 2726 1 Redwood redwood NN 35419 2726 2 . . . 35419 2727 1 56 56 CD 35419 2727 2 . . . 35419 2728 1 Butternut Butternut NNP 35419 2728 2 . . . 35419 2729 1 57 57 CD 35419 2729 2 . . . 35419 2730 1 White white JJ 35419 2730 2 spruce spruce NN 35419 2730 3 . . . 35419 2731 1 58 58 CD 35419 2731 2 . . . 35419 2732 1 Western western JJ 35419 2732 2 white white JJ 35419 2732 3 pine pine NN 35419 2732 4 . . . 35419 2733 1 59 59 CD 35419 2733 2 . . . 35419 2734 1 White white JJ 35419 2734 2 pine pine NN 35419 2734 3 . . . 35419 2735 1 60 60 CD 35419 2735 2 . . . 35419 2736 1 Western western JJ 35419 2736 2 red red JJ 35419 2736 3 cedar cedar NN 35419 2736 4 . . . 35419 2737 1 61 61 CD 35419 2737 2 . . . 35419 2738 1 Sugar Sugar NNP 35419 2738 2 pine pine NN 35419 2738 3 . . . 35419 2739 1 62 62 CD 35419 2739 2 . . . 35419 2740 1 Grand grand JJ 35419 2740 2 fir fir NN 35419 2740 3 . . . 35419 2741 1 63 63 CD 35419 2741 2 . . . 35419 2742 1 Engelmann Engelmann NNP 35419 2742 2 's 's POS 35419 2742 3 spruce spruce NN 35419 2742 4 . . . 35419 2743 1 64 64 CD 35419 2743 2 . . . 35419 2744 1 White white JJ 35419 2744 2 cedar cedar NN 35419 2744 3 . . . 35419 2745 1 65 65 CD 35419 2745 2 . . . 35419 2746 1 Big big JJ 35419 2746 2 tree tree NN 35419 2746 3 . . . 35419 2747 1 LIST LIST NNP 35419 2747 2 OF of IN 35419 2747 3 66 66 CD 35419 2747 4 COMMON common JJ 35419 2747 5 WOODS woods NN 35419 2747 6 ARRANGED arranged NN 35419 2747 7 IN in IN 35419 2747 8 THE the DT 35419 2747 9 ORDER order NN 35419 2747 10 OF of IN 35419 2747 11 THEIR THEIR NNP 35419 2747 12 STRENGTH STRENGTH NNP 35419 2747 13 . . . 35419 2748 1 1 1 LS 35419 2748 2 . . . 35419 2749 1 Black black JJ 35419 2749 2 locust locust NN 35419 2749 3 . . . 35419 2750 1 2 2 LS 35419 2750 2 . . . 35419 2751 1 Yellow yellow JJ 35419 2751 2 birch birch NN 35419 2751 3 . . . 35419 2752 1 3 3 LS 35419 2752 2 . . . 35419 2753 1 Western western JJ 35419 2753 2 larch larch NN 35419 2753 3 . . . 35419 2754 1 4 4 LS 35419 2754 2 . . . 35419 2755 1 Cherry cherry NN 35419 2755 2 birch birch NN 35419 2755 3 . . . 35419 2756 1 5 5 CD 35419 2756 2 . . . 35419 2757 1 Shellbark Shellbark NNP 35419 2757 2 hickory hickory NN 35419 2757 3 . . . 35419 2758 1 6 6 CD 35419 2758 2 . . . 35419 2759 1 Slash slash NN 35419 2759 2 pine pine NN 35419 2759 3 . . . 35419 2760 1 7 7 LS 35419 2760 2 . . . 35419 2761 1 Longleaf longleaf NN 35419 2761 2 pine pine NN 35419 2761 3 . . . 35419 2762 1 8 8 LS 35419 2762 2 . . . 35419 2763 1 Hard hard JJ 35419 2763 2 maple maple NN 35419 2763 3 . . . 35419 2764 1 9 9 CD 35419 2764 2 . . . 35419 2765 1 Blue blue JJ 35419 2765 2 beech beech NN 35419 2765 3 . . . 35419 2766 1 10 10 CD 35419 2766 2 . . . 35419 2767 1 Beech Beech NNP 35419 2767 2 . . . 35419 2768 1 11 11 CD 35419 2768 2 . . . 35419 2769 1 Mockernut Mockernut NNP 35419 2769 2 . . . 35419 2770 1 12 12 CD 35419 2770 2 . . . 35419 2771 1 Basket Basket NNP 35419 2771 2 Oak Oak NNP 35419 2771 3 . . . 35419 2772 1 13 13 CD 35419 2772 2 . . . 35419 2773 1 Cork cork NN 35419 2773 2 elm elm NN 35419 2773 3 . . . 35419 2774 1 14 14 CD 35419 2774 2 . . . 35419 2775 1 Canoe canoe VB 35419 2775 2 birch birch NN 35419 2775 3 . . . 35419 2776 1 15 15 CD 35419 2776 2 . . . 35419 2777 1 Pignut Pignut NNP 35419 2777 2 hickory hickory NN 35419 2777 3 . . . 35419 2778 1 16 16 CD 35419 2778 2 . . . 35419 2779 1 Bur bur VB 35419 2779 2 oak oak NN 35419 2779 3 . . . 35419 2780 1 17 17 CD 35419 2780 2 . . . 35419 2781 1 Black black JJ 35419 2781 2 oak oak NN 35419 2781 3 . . . 35419 2782 1 18 18 CD 35419 2782 2 . . . 35419 2783 1 Shortleaf shortleaf JJ 35419 2783 2 pine pine NN 35419 2783 3 . . . 35419 2784 1 19 19 CD 35419 2784 2 . . . 35419 2785 1 Soft soft JJ 35419 2785 2 maple maple NN 35419 2785 3 . . . 35419 2786 1 20 20 CD 35419 2786 2 . . . 35419 2787 1 Mahogany Mahogany NNP 35419 2787 2 . . . 35419 2788 1 21 21 CD 35419 2788 2 . . . 35419 2789 1 Red red JJ 35419 2789 2 oak oak NN 35419 2789 3 . . . 35419 2790 1 22 22 CD 35419 2790 2 . . . 35419 2791 1 Red red JJ 35419 2791 2 birch birch NN 35419 2791 3 . . . 35419 2792 1 23 23 CD 35419 2792 2 . . . 35419 2793 1 White white JJ 35419 2793 2 oak oak NNP 35419 2793 3 . . . 35419 2794 1 24 24 CD 35419 2794 2 . . . 35419 2795 1 Tamarack tamarack UH 35419 2795 2 . . . 35419 2796 1 25 25 CD 35419 2796 2 . . . 35419 2797 1 Lawson Lawson NNP 35419 2797 2 cypress cypress NN 35419 2797 3 . . . 35419 2798 1 26 26 CD 35419 2798 2 . . . 35419 2799 1 Loblolly loblolly RB 35419 2799 2 pine pine JJ 35419 2799 3 . . . 35419 2800 1 27 27 CD 35419 2800 2 . . . 35419 2801 1 Douglas Douglas NNP 35419 2801 2 spruce spruce VBP 35419 2801 3 . . . 35419 2802 1 28 28 CD 35419 2802 2 . . . 35419 2803 1 Western western JJ 35419 2803 2 white white JJ 35419 2803 3 oak oak NN 35419 2803 4 . . . 35419 2804 1 29 29 CD 35419 2804 2 . . . 35419 2805 1 Post Post NNP 35419 2805 2 oak oak NNP 35419 2805 3 . . . 35419 2806 1 30 30 CD 35419 2806 2 . . . 35419 2807 1 Red red JJ 35419 2807 2 ash ash NN 35419 2807 3 . . . 35419 2808 1 31 31 CD 35419 2808 2 . . . 35419 2809 1 White white JJ 35419 2809 2 ash ash NN 35419 2809 3 . . . 35419 2810 1 32 32 CD 35419 2810 2 . . . 35419 2811 1 Black black JJ 35419 2811 2 walnut walnut NNP 35419 2811 3 . . . 35419 2812 1 33 33 CD 35419 2812 2 . . . 35419 2813 1 White White NNP 35419 2813 2 elm elm NNP 35419 2813 3 . . . 35419 2814 1 34 34 CD 35419 2814 2 . . . 35419 2815 1 Sour sour JJ 35419 2815 2 gum gum NN 35419 2815 3 . . . 35419 2816 1 35 35 CD 35419 2816 2 . . . 35419 2817 1 Wild wild JJ 35419 2817 2 black black JJ 35419 2817 3 cherry cherry NN 35419 2817 4 . . . 35419 2818 1 36 36 CD 35419 2818 2 . . . 35419 2819 1 Red red JJ 35419 2819 2 maple maple NN 35419 2819 3 . . . 35419 2820 1 37 37 CD 35419 2820 2 . . . 35419 2821 1 Blue blue JJ 35419 2821 2 ash ash NN 35419 2821 3 . . . 35419 2822 1 38 38 CD 35419 2822 2 . . . 35419 2823 1 Black black JJ 35419 2823 2 ash ash NN 35419 2823 3 . . . 35419 2824 1 39 39 CD 35419 2824 2 . . . 35419 2825 1 Norway norway DT 35419 2825 2 pine pine NN 35419 2825 3 . . . 35419 2826 1 40 40 CD 35419 2826 2 . . . 35419 2827 1 Western western JJ 35419 2827 2 red red JJ 35419 2827 3 cedar cedar NN 35419 2827 4 . . . 35419 2828 1 41 41 CD 35419 2828 2 . . . 35419 2829 1 Black black JJ 35419 2829 2 spruce spruce NN 35419 2829 3 and and CC 35419 2829 4 Red red JJ 35419 2829 5 spruce spruce NN 35419 2829 6 . . . 35419 2830 1 42 42 CD 35419 2830 2 . . . 35419 2831 1 White white JJ 35419 2831 2 spruce spruce NN 35419 2831 3 . . . 35419 2832 1 43 43 CD 35419 2832 2 . . . 35419 2833 1 Red red JJ 35419 2833 2 cedar cedar NN 35419 2833 3 . . . 35419 2834 1 44 44 CD 35419 2834 2 . . . 35419 2835 1 Hemlock Hemlock NNP 35419 2835 2 . . . 35419 2836 1 45 45 CD 35419 2836 2 . . . 35419 2837 1 Western western JJ 35419 2837 2 yellow yellow JJ 35419 2837 3 pine pine NN 35419 2837 4 . . . 35419 2838 1 46 46 CD 35419 2838 2 . . . 35419 2839 1 Chestnut chestnut NN 35419 2839 2 . . . 35419 2840 1 47 47 CD 35419 2840 2 . . . 35419 2841 1 Oregon Oregon NNP 35419 2841 2 maple maple NN 35419 2841 3 . . . 35419 2842 1 48 48 CD 35419 2842 2 . . . 35419 2843 1 Bald Bald NNP 35419 2843 2 cypress cypress NNP 35419 2843 3 . . . 35419 2844 1 49 49 CD 35419 2844 2 . . . 35419 2845 1 Cucumber cucumber NN 35419 2845 2 tree tree NN 35419 2845 3 . . . 35419 2846 1 50 50 CD 35419 2846 2 . . . 35419 2847 1 Oregon Oregon NNP 35419 2847 2 ash ash NN 35419 2847 3 . . . 35419 2848 1 51 51 CD 35419 2848 2 . . . 35419 2849 1 Yellow yellow JJ 35419 2849 2 poplar poplar NN 35419 2849 3 . . . 35419 2850 1 52 52 CD 35419 2850 2 . . . 35419 2851 1 Sweet sweet JJ 35419 2851 2 gum gum NN 35419 2851 3 . . . 35419 2852 1 53 53 CD 35419 2852 2 . . . 35419 2853 1 Tideland Tideland NNP 35419 2853 2 spruce spruce NN 35419 2853 3 . . . 35419 2854 1 54 54 CD 35419 2854 2 . . . 35419 2855 1 Sycamore Sycamore VBN 35419 2855 2 . . . 35419 2856 1 55 55 CD 35419 2856 2 . . . 35419 2857 1 White white JJ 35419 2857 2 pine pine NN 35419 2857 3 . . . 35419 2858 1 56 56 CD 35419 2858 2 . . . 35419 2859 1 Western western JJ 35419 2859 2 white white JJ 35419 2859 3 pine pine NN 35419 2859 4 . . . 35419 2860 1 57 57 CD 35419 2860 2 . . . 35419 2861 1 Butternut Butternut NNP 35419 2861 2 . . . 35419 2862 1 58 58 CD 35419 2862 2 . . . 35419 2863 1 Redwood redwood NN 35419 2863 2 . . . 35419 2864 1 59 59 CD 35419 2864 2 . . . 35419 2865 1 Sugar Sugar NNP 35419 2865 2 pine pine NN 35419 2865 3 . . . 35419 2866 1 60 60 CD 35419 2866 2 . . . 35419 2867 1 Basswood Basswood NNP 35419 2867 2 . . . 35419 2868 1 61 61 CD 35419 2868 2 . . . 35419 2869 1 Engelmann Engelmann NNP 35419 2869 2 's 's POS 35419 2869 3 spruce spruce NN 35419 2869 4 . . . 35419 2870 1 62 62 CD 35419 2870 2 . . . 35419 2871 1 Grand grand JJ 35419 2871 2 fir fir NN 35419 2871 3 . . . 35419 2872 1 63 63 CD 35419 2872 2 . . . 35419 2873 1 Big big JJ 35419 2873 2 tree tree NN 35419 2873 3 . . . 35419 2874 1 64 64 CD 35419 2874 2 . . . 35419 2875 1 White white JJ 35419 2875 2 cedar cedar NN 35419 2875 3 . . . 35419 2876 1 65 65 CD 35419 2876 2 . . . 35419 2877 1 Black black JJ 35419 2877 2 willow willow NN 35419 2877 3 . . . 35419 2878 1 LIST LIST NNP 35419 2878 2 OF of IN 35419 2878 3 66 66 CD 35419 2878 4 COMMON common JJ 35419 2878 5 WOODS woods NN 35419 2878 6 ARRANGED arranged NN 35419 2878 7 IN in IN 35419 2878 8 THE the DT 35419 2878 9 ORDER order NN 35419 2878 10 OF of IN 35419 2878 11 THEIR their NN 35419 2878 12 ELASTICITY ELASTICITY NNP 35419 2878 13 . . . 35419 2879 1 1 1 LS 35419 2879 2 . . . 35419 2880 1 Western western JJ 35419 2880 2 larch larch NN 35419 2880 3 . . . 35419 2881 1 2 2 LS 35419 2881 2 . . . 35419 2882 1 Canoe canoe VB 35419 2882 2 birch birch NN 35419 2882 3 and and CC 35419 2882 4 Yellow Yellow NNP 35419 2882 5 birch birch NN 35419 2882 6 . . . 35419 2883 1 3 3 LS 35419 2883 2 . . . 35419 2884 1 Slash slash NN 35419 2884 2 pine pine NN 35419 2884 3 . . . 35419 2885 1 4 4 LS 35419 2885 2 . . . 35419 2886 1 Longleaf longleaf NN 35419 2886 2 pine pine NN 35419 2886 3 . . . 35419 2887 1 5 5 CD 35419 2887 2 . . . 35419 2888 1 Hard hard JJ 35419 2888 2 maple maple NN 35419 2888 3 . . . 35419 2889 1 6 6 CD 35419 2889 2 . . . 35419 2890 1 Cherry cherry NN 35419 2890 2 birch birch NN 35419 2890 3 . . . 35419 2891 1 7 7 LS 35419 2891 2 . . . 35419 2892 1 Shortleaf shortleaf JJ 35419 2892 2 pine pine NN 35419 2892 3 . . . 35419 2893 1 8 8 LS 35419 2893 2 . . . 35419 2894 1 Shellbark Shellbark NNP 35419 2894 2 hickory hickory NN 35419 2894 3 . . . 35419 2895 1 9 9 CD 35419 2895 2 . . . 35419 2896 1 Black black JJ 35419 2896 2 locust locust NN 35419 2896 3 . . . 35419 2897 1 10 10 CD 35419 2897 2 . . . 35419 2898 1 Douglas Douglas NNP 35419 2898 2 spruce spruce VBP 35419 2898 3 . . . 35419 2899 1 11 11 CD 35419 2899 2 . . . 35419 2900 1 Tamarack tamarack UH 35419 2900 2 . . . 35419 2901 1 12 12 CD 35419 2901 2 . . . 35419 2902 1 Lawson Lawson NNP 35419 2902 2 cypress cypress NN 35419 2902 3 . . . 35419 2903 1 13 13 CD 35419 2903 2 . . . 35419 2904 1 Beech Beech NNP 35419 2904 2 . . . 35419 2905 1 14 14 CD 35419 2905 2 . . . 35419 2906 1 Mockernut Mockernut NNP 35419 2906 2 . . . 35419 2907 1 15 15 CD 35419 2907 2 . . . 35419 2908 1 Blue blue JJ 35419 2908 2 beech beech NN 35419 2908 3 . . . 35419 2909 1 16 16 CD 35419 2909 2 . . . 35419 2910 1 Norway norway DT 35419 2910 2 pine pine NN 35419 2910 3 . . . 35419 2911 1 17 17 CD 35419 2911 2 . . . 35419 2912 1 Loblolly loblolly RB 35419 2912 2 pine pine JJ 35419 2912 3 . . . 35419 2913 1 18 18 CD 35419 2913 2 . . . 35419 2914 1 Red red JJ 35419 2914 2 oak oak NN 35419 2914 3 . . . 35419 2915 1 19 19 CD 35419 2915 2 . . . 35419 2916 1 Red red JJ 35419 2916 2 birch birch NN 35419 2916 3 . . . 35419 2917 1 20 20 CD 35419 2917 2 . . . 35419 2918 1 Soft soft JJ 35419 2918 2 maple maple NN 35419 2918 3 . . . 35419 2919 1 21 21 CD 35419 2919 2 . . . 35419 2920 1 Red red JJ 35419 2920 2 spruce spruce NN 35419 2920 3 and and CC 35419 2920 4 Black black JJ 35419 2920 5 spruce spruce NN 35419 2920 6 . . . 35419 2921 1 22 22 CD 35419 2921 2 . . . 35419 2922 1 Cork cork NN 35419 2922 2 elm elm NN 35419 2922 3 . . . 35419 2923 1 23 23 CD 35419 2923 2 . . . 35419 2924 1 Black black JJ 35419 2924 2 walnut walnut NNP 35419 2924 3 . . . 35419 2925 1 24 24 CD 35419 2925 2 . . . 35419 2926 1 Mahogany Mahogany NNP 35419 2926 2 . . . 35419 2927 1 25 25 CD 35419 2927 2 . . . 35419 2928 1 Black black JJ 35419 2928 2 oak oak NN 35419 2928 3 . . . 35419 2929 1 26 26 CD 35419 2929 2 . . . 35419 2930 1 Western western JJ 35419 2930 2 red red JJ 35419 2930 3 cedar cedar NN 35419 2930 4 . . . 35419 2931 1 27 27 CD 35419 2931 2 . . . 35419 2932 1 Pignut Pignut NNP 35419 2932 2 hickory hickory NN 35419 2932 3 . . . 35419 2933 1 28 28 CD 35419 2933 2 . . . 35419 2934 1 Bald Bald NNP 35419 2934 2 cypress cypress NNP 35419 2934 3 . . . 35419 2935 1 29 29 CD 35419 2935 2 . . . 35419 2936 1 White white JJ 35419 2936 2 spruce spruce NN 35419 2936 3 . . . 35419 2937 1 30 30 CD 35419 2937 2 . . . 35419 2938 1 White white JJ 35419 2938 2 ash ash NN 35419 2938 3 . . . 35419 2939 1 31 31 CD 35419 2939 2 . . . 35419 2940 1 Tideland Tideland NNP 35419 2940 2 spruce spruce NN 35419 2940 3 . . . 35419 2941 1 32 32 CD 35419 2941 2 . . . 35419 2942 1 White white JJ 35419 2942 2 oak oak NNP 35419 2942 3 . . . 35419 2943 1 33 33 CD 35419 2943 2 . . . 35419 2944 1 Basket basket NN 35419 2944 2 oak oak NN 35419 2944 3 . . . 35419 2945 1 34 34 CD 35419 2945 2 . . . 35419 2946 1 Grand grand JJ 35419 2946 2 fir fir NN 35419 2946 3 . . . 35419 2947 1 35 35 CD 35419 2947 2 . . . 35419 2948 1 Western western JJ 35419 2948 2 white white JJ 35419 2948 3 pine pine NN 35419 2948 4 . . . 35419 2949 1 36 36 CD 35419 2949 2 . . . 35419 2950 1 Red red JJ 35419 2950 2 maple maple NN 35419 2950 3 . . . 35419 2951 1 37 37 CD 35419 2951 2 . . . 35419 2952 1 Bur bur VB 35419 2952 2 oak oak NN 35419 2952 3 . . . 35419 2953 1 38 38 CD 35419 2953 2 . . . 35419 2954 1 Cucumber cucumber NN 35419 2954 2 tree tree NN 35419 2954 3 . . . 35419 2955 1 39 39 CD 35419 2955 2 . . . 35419 2956 1 Yellow yellow JJ 35419 2956 2 poplar poplar NN 35419 2956 3 . . . 35419 2957 1 40 40 CD 35419 2957 2 . . . 35419 2958 1 Hemlock Hemlock NNP 35419 2958 2 . . . 35419 2959 1 41 41 CD 35419 2959 2 . . . 35419 2960 1 Western western JJ 35419 2960 2 yellow yellow JJ 35419 2960 3 pine pine NN 35419 2960 4 . . . 35419 2961 1 42 42 CD 35419 2961 2 . . . 35419 2962 1 Black black JJ 35419 2962 2 ash ash NN 35419 2962 3 . . . 35419 2963 1 43 43 CD 35419 2963 2 . . . 35419 2964 1 Sycamore Sycamore VBN 35419 2964 2 . . . 35419 2965 1 44 44 CD 35419 2965 2 . . . 35419 2966 1 Sweet sweet JJ 35419 2966 2 gum gum NN 35419 2966 3 . . . 35419 2967 1 45 45 CD 35419 2967 2 . . . 35419 2968 1 Wild wild JJ 35419 2968 2 black black JJ 35419 2968 3 cherry cherry NN 35419 2968 4 . . . 35419 2969 1 46 46 CD 35419 2969 2 . . . 35419 2970 1 Chestnut chestnut NN 35419 2970 2 . . . 35419 2971 1 47 47 CD 35419 2971 2 . . . 35419 2972 1 White white JJ 35419 2972 2 pine pine NN 35419 2972 3 . . . 35419 2973 1 48 48 CD 35419 2973 2 . . . 35419 2974 1 Oregon Oregon NNP 35419 2974 2 ash ash NN 35419 2974 3 . . . 35419 2975 1 49 49 CD 35419 2975 2 . . . 35419 2976 1 Bass Bass NNP 35419 2976 2 . . . 35419 2977 1 50 50 CD 35419 2977 2 . . . 35419 2978 1 Post Post NNP 35419 2978 2 oak oak NNP 35419 2978 3 . . . 35419 2979 1 51 51 CD 35419 2979 2 . . . 35419 2980 1 Sour sour JJ 35419 2980 2 gum gum NN 35419 2980 3 . . . 35419 2981 1 52 52 CD 35419 2981 2 . . . 35419 2982 1 Butternut Butternut NNP 35419 2982 2 . . . 35419 2983 1 53 53 CD 35419 2983 2 . . . 35419 2984 1 Red red JJ 35419 2984 2 ash ash NN 35419 2984 3 . . . 35419 2985 1 54 54 CD 35419 2985 2 . . . 35419 2986 1 Western western JJ 35419 2986 2 white white JJ 35419 2986 3 oak oak NN 35419 2986 4 . . . 35419 2987 1 55 55 CD 35419 2987 2 . . . 35419 2988 1 Engelmann Engelmann NNP 35419 2988 2 's 's POS 35419 2988 3 spruce spruce NN 35419 2988 4 . . . 35419 2989 1 56 56 CD 35419 2989 2 . . . 35419 2990 1 Sugar Sugar NNP 35419 2990 2 pine pine NN 35419 2990 3 . . . 35419 2991 1 57 57 CD 35419 2991 2 . . . 35419 2992 1 Oregon Oregon NNP 35419 2992 2 maple maple NN 35419 2992 3 . . . 35419 2993 1 58 58 CD 35419 2993 2 . . . 35419 2994 1 Blue blue JJ 35419 2994 2 ash ash NN 35419 2994 3 . . . 35419 2995 1 59 59 CD 35419 2995 2 . . . 35419 2996 1 White White NNP 35419 2996 2 elm elm NNP 35419 2996 3 . . . 35419 2997 1 60 60 CD 35419 2997 2 . . . 35419 2998 1 Redwood redwood NN 35419 2998 2 . . . 35419 2999 1 61 61 CD 35419 2999 2 . . . 35419 3000 1 Red red JJ 35419 3000 2 cedar cedar NN 35419 3000 3 . . . 35419 3001 1 62 62 CD 35419 3001 2 . . . 35419 3002 1 Big big JJ 35419 3002 2 tree tree NN 35419 3002 3 . . . 35419 3003 1 63 63 CD 35419 3003 2 . . . 35419 3004 1 White white JJ 35419 3004 2 cedar cedar NN 35419 3004 3 . . . 35419 3005 1 64 64 CD 35419 3005 2 . . . 35419 3006 1 Black black JJ 35419 3006 2 willow willow NN 35419 3006 3 . . . 35419 3007 1 LIST LIST NNP 35419 3007 2 OF of IN 35419 3007 3 66 66 CD 35419 3007 4 COMMON common JJ 35419 3007 5 WOODS woods NN 35419 3007 6 ARRANGED arranged NN 35419 3007 7 IN in IN 35419 3007 8 THE the DT 35419 3007 9 ORDER order NN 35419 3007 10 OF of IN 35419 3007 11 THEIR their NN 35419 3007 12 HARDNESS hardness NN 35419 3007 13 . . . 35419 3008 1 1 1 LS 35419 3008 2 . . . 35419 3009 1 Mahogany Mahogany NNP 35419 3009 2 . . . 35419 3010 1 2 2 LS 35419 3010 2 . . . 35419 3011 1 Pignut Pignut NNP 35419 3011 2 . . . 35419 3012 1 3 3 LS 35419 3012 2 . . . 35419 3013 1 Mockernut Mockernut NNP 35419 3013 2 . . . 35419 3014 1 4 4 LS 35419 3014 2 . . . 35419 3015 1 Post Post NNP 35419 3015 2 oak oak NNP 35419 3015 3 . . . 35419 3016 1 5 5 CD 35419 3016 2 . . . 35419 3017 1 Shellbark Shellbark NNP 35419 3017 2 hickory hickory NN 35419 3017 3 . . . 35419 3018 1 6 6 CD 35419 3018 2 . . . 35419 3019 1 Black black JJ 35419 3019 2 locust locust NN 35419 3019 3 . . . 35419 3020 1 7 7 LS 35419 3020 2 . . . 35419 3021 1 Hard hard JJ 35419 3021 2 maple maple NN 35419 3021 3 . . . 35419 3022 1 8 8 LS 35419 3022 2 . . . 35419 3023 1 Western western JJ 35419 3023 2 white white JJ 35419 3023 3 oak oak NN 35419 3023 4 . . . 35419 3024 1 9 9 CD 35419 3024 2 . . . 35419 3025 1 Bur bur VB 35419 3025 2 oak oak NN 35419 3025 3 . . . 35419 3026 1 10 10 CD 35419 3026 2 . . . 35419 3027 1 Basket basket NN 35419 3027 2 oak oak NN 35419 3027 3 . . . 35419 3028 1 11 11 CD 35419 3028 2 . . . 35419 3029 1 Cherry cherry NN 35419 3029 2 birch birch NN 35419 3029 3 . . . 35419 3030 1 12 12 CD 35419 3030 2 . . . 35419 3031 1 Blue blue JJ 35419 3031 2 ash ash NN 35419 3031 3 . . . 35419 3032 1 13 13 CD 35419 3032 2 . . . 35419 3033 1 White white JJ 35419 3033 2 oak oak NNP 35419 3033 3 . . . 35419 3034 1 14 14 CD 35419 3034 2 . . . 35419 3035 1 Blue blue JJ 35419 3035 2 beech beech NN 35419 3035 3 . . . 35419 3036 1 15 15 CD 35419 3036 2 . . . 35419 3037 1 Cork cork NN 35419 3037 2 elm elm NN 35419 3037 3 . . . 35419 3038 1 16 16 CD 35419 3038 2 . . . 35419 3039 1 Wild wild JJ 35419 3039 2 black black JJ 35419 3039 3 cherry cherry NN 35419 3039 4 . . . 35419 3040 1 17 17 CD 35419 3040 2 . . . 35419 3041 1 Red red JJ 35419 3041 2 ash ash NN 35419 3041 3 . . . 35419 3042 1 18 18 CD 35419 3042 2 . . . 35419 3043 1 Black black JJ 35419 3043 2 oak oak NN 35419 3043 3 . . . 35419 3044 1 19 19 CD 35419 3044 2 . . . 35419 3045 1 White white JJ 35419 3045 2 ash ash NN 35419 3045 3 . . . 35419 3046 1 20 20 CD 35419 3046 2 . . . 35419 3047 1 Sour sour JJ 35419 3047 2 gum gum NN 35419 3047 3 . . . 35419 3048 1 21 21 CD 35419 3048 2 . . . 35419 3049 1 Black black JJ 35419 3049 2 walnut walnut NNP 35419 3049 3 . . . 35419 3050 1 22 22 CD 35419 3050 2 . . . 35419 3051 1 Beech Beech NNP 35419 3051 2 . . . 35419 3052 1 23 23 CD 35419 3052 2 . . . 35419 3053 1 Black black JJ 35419 3053 2 ash ash NN 35419 3053 3 . . . 35419 3054 1 24 24 CD 35419 3054 2 . . . 35419 3055 1 Slash slash NN 35419 3055 2 pine pine NN 35419 3055 3 . . . 35419 3056 1 25 25 CD 35419 3056 2 . . . 35419 3057 1 Soft soft JJ 35419 3057 2 maple maple NN 35419 3057 3 . . . 35419 3058 1 26 26 CD 35419 3058 2 . . . 35419 3059 1 Red red JJ 35419 3059 2 oak oak NN 35419 3059 3 . . . 35419 3060 1 27 27 CD 35419 3060 2 . . . 35419 3061 1 Red red JJ 35419 3061 2 maple maple NN 35419 3061 3 . . . 35419 3062 1 28 28 CD 35419 3062 2 . . . 35419 3063 1 White White NNP 35419 3063 2 elm elm NNP 35419 3063 3 . . . 35419 3064 1 29 29 CD 35419 3064 2 . . . 35419 3065 1 Oregon Oregon NNP 35419 3065 2 ash ash NN 35419 3065 3 . . . 35419 3066 1 30 30 CD 35419 3066 2 . . . 35419 3067 1 Sycamore Sycamore VBN 35419 3067 2 . . . 35419 3068 1 31 31 CD 35419 3068 2 . . . 35419 3069 1 Oregon Oregon NNP 35419 3069 2 maple maple NN 35419 3069 3 . . . 35419 3070 1 32 32 CD 35419 3070 2 . . . 35419 3071 1 Yellow yellow JJ 35419 3071 2 birch birch NN 35419 3071 3 . . . 35419 3072 1 33 33 CD 35419 3072 2 . . . 35419 3073 1 Long long JJ 35419 3073 2 leaf leaf NN 35419 3073 3 pine pine NN 35419 3073 4 . . . 35419 3074 1 34 34 CD 35419 3074 2 . . . 35419 3075 1 Red red JJ 35419 3075 2 cedar cedar NN 35419 3075 3 . . . 35419 3076 1 35 35 CD 35419 3076 2 . . . 35419 3077 1 Western western JJ 35419 3077 2 larch larch NN 35419 3077 3 . . . 35419 3078 1 36 36 CD 35419 3078 2 . . . 35419 3079 1 Sweet sweet JJ 35419 3079 2 gum gum NN 35419 3079 3 . . . 35419 3080 1 37 37 CD 35419 3080 2 . . . 35419 3081 1 Red red JJ 35419 3081 2 birch birch NN 35419 3081 3 . . . 35419 3082 1 38 38 CD 35419 3082 2 . . . 35419 3083 1 Short short JJ 35419 3083 2 leaf leaf NN 35419 3083 3 pine pine NN 35419 3083 4 . . . 35419 3084 1 39 39 CD 35419 3084 2 . . . 35419 3085 1 Canoe canoe VB 35419 3085 2 birch birch NN 35419 3085 3 . . . 35419 3086 1 40 40 CD 35419 3086 2 . . . 35419 3087 1 Tamarack tamarack UH 35419 3087 2 . . . 35419 3088 1 41 41 CD 35419 3088 2 . . . 35419 3089 1 Cucumber cucumber NN 35419 3089 2 tree tree NN 35419 3089 3 . . . 35419 3090 1 42 42 CD 35419 3090 2 . . . 35419 3091 1 Western western JJ 35419 3091 2 yellow yellow JJ 35419 3091 3 pine pine NN 35419 3091 4 . . . 35419 3092 1 43 43 CD 35419 3092 2 . . . 35419 3093 1 Loblolly loblolly RB 35419 3093 2 pine pine JJ 35419 3093 3 . . . 35419 3094 1 44 44 CD 35419 3094 2 . . . 35419 3095 1 Chestnut chestnut NN 35419 3095 2 . . . 35419 3096 1 45 45 CD 35419 3096 2 . . . 35419 3097 1 Douglas Douglas NNP 35419 3097 2 spruce spruce VBP 35419 3097 3 . . . 35419 3098 1 46 46 CD 35419 3098 2 . . . 35419 3099 1 Black black JJ 35419 3099 2 willow willow NN 35419 3099 3 . . . 35419 3100 1 47 47 CD 35419 3100 2 . . . 35419 3101 1 Butternut Butternut NNP 35419 3101 2 . . . 35419 3102 1 48 48 CD 35419 3102 2 . . . 35419 3103 1 Norway norway DT 35419 3103 2 pine pine NN 35419 3103 3 . . . 35419 3104 1 49 49 CD 35419 3104 2 . . . 35419 3105 1 Yellow yellow JJ 35419 3105 2 poplar poplar NN 35419 3105 3 . . . 35419 3106 1 50 50 CD 35419 3106 2 . . . 35419 3107 1 Lawson Lawson NNP 35419 3107 2 cypress cypress NN 35419 3107 3 . . . 35419 3108 1 51 51 CD 35419 3108 2 . . . 35419 3109 1 Hemlock Hemlock NNP 35419 3109 2 . . . 35419 3110 1 52 52 CD 35419 3110 2 . . . 35419 3111 1 Bald Bald NNP 35419 3111 2 cypress cypress NNP 35419 3111 3 . . . 35419 3112 1 53 53 CD 35419 3112 2 . . . 35419 3113 1 Sugar Sugar NNP 35419 3113 2 pine pine NN 35419 3113 3 . . . 35419 3114 1 54 54 CD 35419 3114 2 . . . 35419 3115 1 Red red JJ 35419 3115 2 spruce spruce NN 35419 3115 3 and and CC 35419 3115 4 Black black JJ 35419 3115 5 spruce spruce NN 35419 3115 6 . . . 35419 3116 1 55 55 CD 35419 3116 2 . . . 35419 3117 1 Redwood redwood NN 35419 3117 2 . . . 35419 3118 1 56 56 CD 35419 3118 2 . . . 35419 3119 1 Engelmann Engelmann NNP 35419 3119 2 's 's POS 35419 3119 3 spruce spruce NN 35419 3119 4 . . . 35419 3120 1 57 57 CD 35419 3120 2 . . . 35419 3121 1 White white JJ 35419 3121 2 pine pine NN 35419 3121 3 . . . 35419 3122 1 58 58 CD 35419 3122 2 . . . 35419 3123 1 White white JJ 35419 3123 2 spruce spruce NN 35419 3123 3 . . . 35419 3124 1 59 59 CD 35419 3124 2 . . . 35419 3125 1 Tideland Tideland NNP 35419 3125 2 spruce spruce NN 35419 3125 3 . . . 35419 3126 1 60 60 CD 35419 3126 2 . . . 35419 3127 1 Western western JJ 35419 3127 2 white white JJ 35419 3127 3 cedar cedar NN 35419 3127 4 . . . 35419 3128 1 61 61 CD 35419 3128 2 . . . 35419 3129 1 Big big JJ 35419 3129 2 tree tree NN 35419 3129 3 . . . 35419 3130 1 62 62 CD 35419 3130 2 . . . 35419 3131 1 White white JJ 35419 3131 2 cedar cedar NN 35419 3131 3 . . . 35419 3132 1 63 63 CD 35419 3132 2 . . . 35419 3133 1 Western western JJ 35419 3133 2 white white JJ 35419 3133 3 pine pine NN 35419 3133 4 . . . 35419 3134 1 64 64 CD 35419 3134 2 . . . 35419 3135 1 Basswood Basswood NNP 35419 3135 2 . . . 35419 3136 1 65 65 CD 35419 3136 2 . . . 35419 3137 1 Grand grand JJ 35419 3137 2 fir fir NN 35419 3137 3 . . . 35419 3138 1 THE the DT 35419 3138 2 PRINCIPAL PRINCIPAL NNP 35419 3138 3 SPECIES specie NNS 35419 3138 4 OF of IN 35419 3138 5 WOODS woods NN 35419 3138 6 . . . 35419 3139 1 REFERENCES:[A REFERENCES:[A NNP 35419 3139 2 ] ] -RRB- 35419 3139 3 Sargent Sargent NNP 35419 3139 4 , , , 35419 3139 5 _ _ NNP 35419 3139 6 Jesup Jesup NNP 35419 3139 7 Collection Collection NNP 35419 3139 8 _ _ NNP 35419 3139 9 . . . 35419 3140 1 Sargent Sargent NNP 35419 3140 2 , , , 35419 3140 3 _ _ NNP 35419 3140 4 Manual Manual NNP 35419 3140 5 _ _ NNP 35419 3140 6 . . . 35419 3141 1 Britton Britton NNP 35419 3141 2 . . . 35419 3142 1 Roth Roth NNP 35419 3142 2 , , , 35419 3142 3 _ _ NNP 35419 3142 4 Timber Timber NNP 35419 3142 5 _ _ NNP 35419 3142 6 . . . 35419 3143 1 Hough Hough NNP 35419 3143 2 , , , 35419 3143 3 _ _ NNP 35419 3143 4 Handbook Handbook NNP 35419 3143 5 _ _ NNP 35419 3143 6 . . . 35419 3144 1 Keeler Keeler NNP 35419 3144 2 . . . 35419 3145 1 Apgar Apgar NNP 35419 3145 2 . . . 35419 3146 1 Mohr Mohr NNP 35419 3146 2 . . . 35419 3147 1 _ _ NNP 35419 3147 2 For for IN 35419 3147 3 . . . 35419 3148 1 Bull Bull NNP 35419 3148 2 . . . 35419 3148 3 _ _ NNP 35419 3148 4 , , , 35419 3148 5 No no UH 35419 3148 6 . . . 35419 3149 1 22 22 CD 35419 3149 2 . . . 35419 3150 1 Fernow Fernow NNP 35419 3150 2 , , , 35419 3150 3 _ _ NNP 35419 3150 4 Forestry Forestry NNP 35419 3150 5 Investigations Investigations NNPS 35419 3150 6 _ _ NNP 35419 3150 7 . . . 35419 3151 1 Lumber Lumber NNP 35419 3151 2 Trade Trade NNP 35419 3151 3 Journals Journals NNPS 35419 3151 4 . . . 35419 3152 1 Baterden Baterden NNP 35419 3152 2 . . . 35419 3153 1 Sargent Sargent NNP 35419 3153 2 , , , 35419 3153 3 _ _ NNP 35419 3153 4 Silva Silva NNP 35419 3153 5 _ _ NNP 35419 3153 6 . . . 35419 3154 1 Sargent Sargent NNP 35419 3154 2 , , , 35419 3154 3 _ _ NNP 35419 3154 4 Forest Forest NNP 35419 3154 5 Trees Trees NNP 35419 3154 6 _ _ NNP 35419 3154 7 , , , 35419 3154 8 10th 10th JJ 35419 3154 9 Census Census NNP 35419 3154 10 , , , 35419 3154 11 Vol Vol NNP 35419 3154 12 . . . 35419 3155 1 IX ix NN 35419 3155 2 . . . 35419 3156 1 Boulger boulger NN 35419 3156 2 . . . 35419 3157 1 Hough Hough NNP 35419 3157 2 , , , 35419 3157 3 _ _ NNP 35419 3157 4 American American NNP 35419 3157 5 Woods Woods NNP 35419 3157 6 _ _ NNP 35419 3157 7 . . . 35419 3158 1 Snow snow NN 35419 3158 2 . . . 35419 3159 1 Lounsberry Lounsberry NNP 35419 3159 2 . . . 35419 3160 1 Spaulding spaulde VBG 35419 3160 2 . . . 35419 3161 1 _ _ NNP 35419 3161 2 For for IN 35419 3161 3 . . . 35419 3162 1 Bull Bull NNP 35419 3162 2 . . . 35419 3162 3 _ _ NNP 35419 3162 4 , , , 35419 3162 5 No no UH 35419 3162 6 . . . 35419 3163 1 13 13 CD 35419 3163 2 . . . 35419 3164 1 Sudworth Sudworth NNP 35419 3164 2 . . . 35419 3165 1 _ _ NNP 35419 3165 2 For for IN 35419 3165 3 . . . 35419 3166 1 Bull Bull NNP 35419 3166 2 . . . 35419 3166 3 _ _ NNP 35419 3166 4 , , , 35419 3166 5 No no UH 35419 3166 6 . . . 35419 3167 1 17 17 CD 35419 3167 2 . . . 35419 3168 1 Forest Forest NNP 35419 3168 2 Service Service NNP 35419 3168 3 _ _ NNP 35419 3168 4 Records Records NNPS 35419 3168 5 of of IN 35419 3168 6 Wholesale Wholesale NNP 35419 3168 7 Prices Prices NNPS 35419 3168 8 of of IN 35419 3168 9 Lumber Lumber NNP 35419 3168 10 _ _ NNP 35419 3168 11 , , , 35419 3168 12 List List NNP 35419 3168 13 . . . 35419 3169 1 A. A. NNP 35419 3170 1 For for IN 35419 3170 2 particular particular JJ 35419 3170 3 trees tree NNS 35419 3170 4 consult consult VBP 35419 3170 5 For for IN 35419 3170 6 . . . 35419 3171 1 Serv Serv NNP 35419 3171 2 . . NNP 35419 3171 3 , , , 35419 3171 4 Bulletins Bulletins NNP 35419 3171 5 and and CC 35419 3171 6 Circulars Circulars NNPS 35419 3171 7 . . . 35419 3172 1 See see VB 35419 3172 2 For for IN 35419 3172 3 . . . 35419 3173 1 Service Service NNP 35419 3173 2 _ _ NNP 35419 3173 3 Classified Classified NNP 35419 3173 4 List List NNP 35419 3173 5 of of IN 35419 3173 6 Publications Publications NNP 35419 3173 7 _ _ NNP 35419 3173 8 . . . 35419 3174 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 3174 2 Footnote Footnote NNP 35419 3174 3 A A NNP 35419 3174 4 : : : 35419 3174 5 For for IN 35419 3174 6 general general JJ 35419 3174 7 bibliography bibliography NN 35419 3174 8 , , , 35419 3174 9 see see VB 35419 3174 10 p. p. NN 35419 3175 1 4 4 LS 35419 3175 2 . . . 35419 3175 3 ] ] -RRB- 35419 3176 1 CHAPTER CHAPTER NNP 35419 3176 2 IV IV NNP 35419 3176 3 . . . 35419 3177 1 THE the DT 35419 3177 2 DISTRIBUTION distribution NN 35419 3177 3 AND and CC 35419 3177 4 COMPOSITION COMPOSITION NNS 35419 3177 5 OF of IN 35419 3177 6 THE the DT 35419 3177 7 NORTH NORTH NNP 35419 3177 8 AMERICAN AMERICAN NNP 35419 3177 9 FORESTS FORESTS NNP 35419 3177 10 . . . 35419 3178 1 The the DT 35419 3178 2 forests forest NNS 35419 3178 3 of of IN 35419 3178 4 the the DT 35419 3178 5 United United NNP 35419 3178 6 States States NNP 35419 3178 7 , , , 35419 3178 8 Map Map NNP 35419 3178 9 , , , 35419 3178 10 Fig Fig NNP 35419 3178 11 . . . 35419 3179 1 44 44 CD 35419 3179 2 , , , 35419 3179 3 may may MD 35419 3179 4 be be VB 35419 3179 5 conveniently conveniently RB 35419 3179 6 divided divide VBN 35419 3179 7 into into IN 35419 3179 8 two two CD 35419 3179 9 great great JJ 35419 3179 10 regions region NNS 35419 3179 11 , , , 35419 3179 12 the the DT 35419 3179 13 Eastern Eastern NNP 35419 3179 14 or or CC 35419 3179 15 Atlantic Atlantic NNP 35419 3179 16 Forest Forest NNP 35419 3179 17 , , , 35419 3179 18 and and CC 35419 3179 19 the the DT 35419 3179 20 Western Western NNP 35419 3179 21 or or CC 35419 3179 22 Pacific Pacific NNP 35419 3179 23 Forest Forest NNP 35419 3179 24 . . . 35419 3180 1 These these DT 35419 3180 2 are be VBP 35419 3180 3 separated separate VBN 35419 3180 4 by by IN 35419 3180 5 the the DT 35419 3180 6 great great JJ 35419 3180 7 treeless treeless NN 35419 3180 8 plains plain NNS 35419 3180 9 which which WDT 35419 3180 10 are be VBP 35419 3180 11 west west NN 35419 3180 12 of of IN 35419 3180 13 the the DT 35419 3180 14 Mississippi Mississippi NNP 35419 3180 15 River River NNP 35419 3180 16 , , , 35419 3180 17 and and CC 35419 3180 18 east east NN 35419 3180 19 of of IN 35419 3180 20 the the DT 35419 3180 21 Rocky Rocky NNP 35419 3180 22 Mountains Mountains NNPS 35419 3180 23 , , , 35419 3180 24 and and CC 35419 3180 25 which which WDT 35419 3180 26 extend extend VBP 35419 3180 27 from from IN 35419 3180 28 North North NNP 35419 3180 29 Dakota Dakota NNP 35419 3180 30 to to IN 35419 3180 31 western western JJ 35419 3180 32 Texas Texas NNP 35419 3180 33 . . . 35419 3181 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 3181 2 1 1 CD 35419 3181 3 ] ] -RRB- 35419 3181 4 [ [ -LRB- 35419 3181 5 Illustration illustration NN 35419 3181 6 : : : 35419 3181 7 Fig Fig NNP 35419 3181 8 . . . 35419 3182 1 44 44 CD 35419 3182 2 . . . 35419 3183 1 Forest forest NN 35419 3183 2 Regions region NNS 35419 3183 3 of of IN 35419 3183 4 the the DT 35419 3183 5 United United NNP 35419 3183 6 States States NNP 35419 3183 7 . . . 35419 3184 1 _ _ NNP 35419 3184 2 U. U. NNP 35419 3185 1 S. S. NNP 35419 3185 2 Forest Forest NNP 35419 3185 3 Service Service NNP 35419 3185 4 . . . 35419 3185 5 _ _ NNP 35419 3185 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 3185 7 The the DT 35419 3185 8 Eastern Eastern NNP 35419 3185 9 Forest Forest NNP 35419 3185 10 once once RB 35419 3185 11 consisted consist VBD 35419 3185 12 of of IN 35419 3185 13 an an DT 35419 3185 14 almost almost RB 35419 3185 15 unbroken unbroken JJ 35419 3185 16 mass mass NN 35419 3185 17 , , , 35419 3185 18 lying lie VBG 35419 3185 19 in in IN 35419 3185 20 three three CD 35419 3185 21 quite quite RB 35419 3185 22 distinct distinct JJ 35419 3185 23 regions region NNS 35419 3185 24 , , , 35419 3185 25 ( ( -LRB- 35419 3185 26 1 1 LS 35419 3185 27 ) ) -RRB- 35419 3185 28 the the DT 35419 3185 29 northern northern JJ 35419 3185 30 belt belt NN 35419 3185 31 of of IN 35419 3185 32 conifers conifer NNS 35419 3185 33 , , , 35419 3185 34 ( ( -LRB- 35419 3185 35 2 2 LS 35419 3185 36 ) ) -RRB- 35419 3185 37 the the DT 35419 3185 38 southern southern JJ 35419 3185 39 belt belt NN 35419 3185 40 of of IN 35419 3185 41 conifers conifer NNS 35419 3185 42 , , , 35419 3185 43 and and CC 35419 3185 44 ( ( -LRB- 35419 3185 45 3 3 LS 35419 3185 46 ) ) -RRB- 35419 3185 47 the the DT 35419 3185 48 great great JJ 35419 3185 49 deciduous deciduous JJ 35419 3185 50 ( ( -LRB- 35419 3185 51 hardwood hardwood NN 35419 3185 52 ) ) -RRB- 35419 3185 53 forest forest NN 35419 3185 54 lying lying NN 35419 3185 55 between between IN 35419 3185 56 these these DT 35419 3185 57 two two CD 35419 3185 58 . . . 35419 3186 1 ( ( -LRB- 35419 3186 2 1 1 LS 35419 3186 3 ) ) -RRB- 35419 3186 4 The the DT 35419 3186 5 northern northern JJ 35419 3186 6 belt belt NN 35419 3186 7 of of IN 35419 3186 8 conifers conifer NNS 35419 3186 9 or or CC 35419 3186 10 " " `` 35419 3186 11 North North NNP 35419 3186 12 Woods Woods NNP 35419 3186 13 " " '' 35419 3186 14 extended extend VBD 35419 3186 15 thru thru IN 35419 3186 16 northern northern JJ 35419 3186 17 New New NNP 35419 3186 18 England England NNP 35419 3186 19 and and CC 35419 3186 20 New New NNP 35419 3186 21 York York NNP 35419 3186 22 and and CC 35419 3186 23 ran run VBD 35419 3186 24 south south RB 35419 3186 25 along along IN 35419 3186 26 the the DT 35419 3186 27 Appalachians Appalachians NNPS 35419 3186 28 . . . 35419 3187 1 It -PRON- PRP 35419 3187 2 reappeared reappear VBD 35419 3187 3 again again RB 35419 3187 4 in in IN 35419 3187 5 northern northern JJ 35419 3187 6 Michigan Michigan NNP 35419 3187 7 , , , 35419 3187 8 Wisconsin Wisconsin NNP 35419 3187 9 and and CC 35419 3187 10 Minnesota Minnesota NNP 35419 3187 11 . . . 35419 3188 1 White white JJ 35419 3188 2 pine pine NN 35419 3188 3 , , , 35419 3188 4 Fig Fig NNP 35419 3188 5 . . . 35419 3189 1 45 45 CD 35419 3189 2 , , , 35419 3189 3 was be VBD 35419 3189 4 the the DT 35419 3189 5 characteristic characteristic JJ 35419 3189 6 tree tree NN 35419 3189 7 in in IN 35419 3189 8 the the DT 35419 3189 9 eastern eastern JJ 35419 3189 10 part part NN 35419 3189 11 of of IN 35419 3189 12 this this DT 35419 3189 13 belt belt NN 35419 3189 14 , , , 35419 3189 15 tho tho NN 35419 3189 16 spruce spruce NN 35419 3189 17 was be VBD 35419 3189 18 common common JJ 35419 3189 19 , , , 35419 3189 20 Fig Fig NNP 35419 3189 21 . . . 35419 3190 1 56 56 CD 35419 3190 2 , , , 35419 3190 3 p. p. NN 35419 3190 4 213 213 CD 35419 3190 5 , , , 35419 3190 6 and and CC 35419 3190 7 white white JJ 35419 3190 8 and and CC 35419 3190 9 Norway Norway NNP 35419 3190 10 pine pine NN 35419 3190 11 and and CC 35419 3190 12 hemlock hemlock NN 35419 3190 13 distinguished distinguish VBD 35419 3190 14 it -PRON- PRP 35419 3190 15 in in IN 35419 3190 16 the the DT 35419 3190 17 western western JJ 35419 3190 18 part part NN 35419 3190 19 . . . 35419 3191 1 Altho altho VB 35419 3191 2 the the DT 35419 3191 3 more more RBR 35419 3191 4 valuable valuable JJ 35419 3191 5 timber timber NN 35419 3191 6 , , , 35419 3191 7 especially especially RB 35419 3191 8 the the DT 35419 3191 9 pine pine NN 35419 3191 10 , , , 35419 3191 11 has have VBZ 35419 3191 12 been be VBN 35419 3191 13 cut cut VBN 35419 3191 14 out out RP 35419 3191 15 , , , 35419 3191 16 it -PRON- PRP 35419 3191 17 still still RB 35419 3191 18 remains remain VBZ 35419 3191 19 a a DT 35419 3191 20 largely largely RB 35419 3191 21 unbroken unbroken JJ 35419 3191 22 forest forest NN 35419 3191 23 mainly mainly RB 35419 3191 24 of of IN 35419 3191 25 spruce spruce NN 35419 3191 26 , , , 35419 3191 27 second second JJ 35419 3191 28 growth growth NN 35419 3191 29 pine pine NN 35419 3191 30 , , , 35419 3191 31 hemlock hemlock NNP 35419 3191 32 and and CC 35419 3191 33 some some DT 35419 3191 34 hardwood hardwood NN 35419 3191 35 . . . 35419 3192 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 3192 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 3192 3 : : : 35419 3192 4 Fig Fig NNP 35419 3192 5 . . . 35419 3193 1 45 45 CD 35419 3193 2 . . . 35419 3194 1 Interior Interior NNP 35419 3194 2 of of IN 35419 3194 3 Dense Dense NNP 35419 3194 4 White White NNP 35419 3194 5 Pine Pine NNP 35419 3194 6 Forest Forest NNP 35419 3194 7 , , , 35419 3194 8 Cass Cass NNP 35419 3194 9 Lake Lake NNP 35419 3194 10 , , , 35419 3194 11 Minn. Minnesota NNP 35419 3194 12 _ _ NNP 35419 3194 13 U. U. NNP 35419 3195 1 S. S. NNP 35419 3195 2 Forest Forest NNP 35419 3195 3 Service Service NNP 35419 3195 4 . . . 35419 3195 5 _ _ NNP 35419 3195 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 3195 7 ( ( -LRB- 35419 3195 8 2 2 LS 35419 3195 9 ) ) -RRB- 35419 3195 10 The the DT 35419 3195 11 southern southern JJ 35419 3195 12 pine pine NN 35419 3195 13 forest forest NN 35419 3195 14 formerly formerly RB 35419 3195 15 extended extend VBD 35419 3195 16 from from IN 35419 3195 17 the the DT 35419 3195 18 Potomac Potomac NNP 35419 3195 19 River River NNP 35419 3195 20 in in IN 35419 3195 21 a a DT 35419 3195 22 belt belt NN 35419 3195 23 from from IN 35419 3195 24 one one CD 35419 3195 25 to to IN 35419 3195 26 two two CD 35419 3195 27 hundred hundred CD 35419 3195 28 miles mile NNS 35419 3195 29 wide wide RB 35419 3195 30 along along IN 35419 3195 31 the the DT 35419 3195 32 Atlantic Atlantic NNP 35419 3195 33 coast coast NN 35419 3195 34 , , , 35419 3195 35 across across IN 35419 3195 36 the the DT 35419 3195 37 Florida Florida NNP 35419 3195 38 peninsula peninsula NN 35419 3195 39 , , , 35419 3195 40 and and CC 35419 3195 41 along along IN 35419 3195 42 the the DT 35419 3195 43 gulf gulf NN 35419 3195 44 of of IN 35419 3195 45 Mexico Mexico NNP 35419 3195 46 , , , 35419 3195 47 skipping skip VBG 35419 3195 48 the the DT 35419 3195 49 Mississippi Mississippi NNP 35419 3195 50 River River NNP 35419 3195 51 and and CC 35419 3195 52 reappearing reappear VBG 35419 3195 53 in in IN 35419 3195 54 a a DT 35419 3195 55 great great JJ 35419 3195 56 forest forest NN 35419 3195 57 in in IN 35419 3195 58 Louisiana Louisiana NNP 35419 3195 59 and and CC 35419 3195 60 Eastern Eastern NNP 35419 3195 61 Texas Texas NNP 35419 3195 62 . . . 35419 3196 1 It -PRON- PRP 35419 3196 2 was be VBD 35419 3196 3 composed compose VBN 35419 3196 4 of of IN 35419 3196 5 almost almost RB 35419 3196 6 pure pure JJ 35419 3196 7 stands stand NNS 35419 3196 8 of of IN 35419 3196 9 pine pine NN 35419 3196 10 , , , 35419 3196 11 the the DT 35419 3196 12 long long JJ 35419 3196 13 - - HYPH 35419 3196 14 leaf leaf NN 35419 3196 15 , , , 35419 3196 16 Fig Fig NNP 35419 3196 17 . . . 35419 3197 1 46 46 CD 35419 3197 2 , , , 35419 3197 3 the the DT 35419 3197 4 short short JJ 35419 3197 5 - - HYPH 35419 3197 6 leaf leaf NN 35419 3197 7 , , , 35419 3197 8 and and CC 35419 3197 9 the the DT 35419 3197 10 loblolly loblolly RB 35419 3197 11 , , , 35419 3197 12 with with IN 35419 3197 13 cypress cypress NN 35419 3197 14 in in IN 35419 3197 15 the the DT 35419 3197 16 swamps swamp NNS 35419 3197 17 and and CC 35419 3197 18 bottom bottom JJ 35419 3197 19 lands land NNS 35419 3197 20 . . . 35419 3198 1 In in IN 35419 3198 2 southern southern JJ 35419 3198 3 Florida Florida NNP 35419 3198 4 the the DT 35419 3198 5 forest forest NN 35419 3198 6 is be VBZ 35419 3198 7 tropical tropical JJ 35419 3198 8 , , , 35419 3198 9 Fig Fig NNP 35419 3198 10 . . . 35419 3199 1 47 47 CD 35419 3199 2 , , , 35419 3199 3 like like IN 35419 3199 4 that that DT 35419 3199 5 of of IN 35419 3199 6 the the DT 35419 3199 7 West West NNP 35419 3199 8 Indies Indies NNPS 35419 3199 9 , , , 35419 3199 10 and and CC 35419 3199 11 in in IN 35419 3199 12 southern southern JJ 35419 3199 13 Texas Texas NNP 35419 3199 14 it -PRON- PRP 35419 3199 15 partakes partake VBZ 35419 3199 16 of of IN 35419 3199 17 the the DT 35419 3199 18 character character NN 35419 3199 19 of of IN 35419 3199 20 the the DT 35419 3199 21 Mexican mexican JJ 35419 3199 22 forest forest NN 35419 3199 23 . . . 35419 3200 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 3200 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 3200 3 : : : 35419 3200 4 Fig Fig NNP 35419 3200 5 . . . 35419 3201 1 46 46 CD 35419 3201 2 . . . 35419 3202 1 Long long JJ 35419 3202 2 - - HYPH 35419 3202 3 leaf leaf NN 35419 3202 4 Pine Pine NNP 35419 3202 5 Forest Forest NNP 35419 3202 6 . . . 35419 3203 1 Oscilla Oscilla NNP 35419 3203 2 , , , 35419 3203 3 Georgia Georgia NNP 35419 3203 4 . . . 35419 3204 1 _ _ NNP 35419 3204 2 U. U. NNP 35419 3205 1 S. S. NNP 35419 3205 2 Forest Forest NNP 35419 3205 3 Service Service NNP 35419 3205 4 . . . 35419 3205 5 _ _ NNP 35419 3205 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 3205 7 [ [ -LRB- 35419 3205 8 Illustration illustration NN 35419 3205 9 : : : 35419 3205 10 Fig Fig NNP 35419 3205 11 . . . 35419 3206 1 47 47 CD 35419 3206 2 . . . 35419 3207 1 Semi semi JJ 35419 3207 2 - - JJ 35419 3207 3 tropical tropical JJ 35419 3207 4 Forest Forest NNP 35419 3207 5 , , , 35419 3207 6 Florida Florida NNP 35419 3207 7 . . . 35419 3208 1 Live live JJ 35419 3208 2 Oak Oak NNP 35419 3208 3 , , , 35419 3208 4 Surrounded surround VBN 35419 3208 5 by by IN 35419 3208 6 Cabbage Cabbage NNP 35419 3208 7 Palmetto Palmetto NNP 35419 3208 8 , , , 35419 3208 9 and and CC 35419 3208 10 Hung Hung NNP 35419 3208 11 With with IN 35419 3208 12 Spanish Spanish NNP 35419 3208 13 Moss Moss NNP 35419 3208 14 . . . 35419 3209 1 _ _ NNP 35419 3209 2 U. U. NNP 35419 3210 1 S. S. NNP 35419 3210 2 Forest Forest NNP 35419 3210 3 Service Service NNP 35419 3210 4 . . . 35419 3210 5 _ _ NNP 35419 3210 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 3210 7 ( ( -LRB- 35419 3210 8 3 3 LS 35419 3210 9 ) ) -RRB- 35419 3210 10 Between between IN 35419 3210 11 these these DT 35419 3210 12 north north NN 35419 3210 13 and and CC 35419 3210 14 south south JJ 35419 3210 15 coniferous coniferous JJ 35419 3210 16 belts belt NNS 35419 3210 17 , , , 35419 3210 18 lay lie VBD 35419 3210 19 the the DT 35419 3210 20 great great JJ 35419 3210 21 broad broad JJ 35419 3210 22 - - HYPH 35419 3210 23 leaf leaf NN 35419 3210 24 or or CC 35419 3210 25 hardwood hardwood NN 35419 3210 26 forest forest NN 35419 3210 27 , , , 35419 3210 28 Fig Fig NNP 35419 3210 29 . . . 35419 3211 1 48 48 CD 35419 3211 2 , , , 35419 3211 3 which which WDT 35419 3211 4 constituted constitute VBD 35419 3211 5 the the DT 35419 3211 6 greater great JJR 35419 3211 7 part part NN 35419 3211 8 of of IN 35419 3211 9 the the DT 35419 3211 10 Eastern Eastern NNP 35419 3211 11 Forest Forest NNP 35419 3211 12 and and CC 35419 3211 13 characterized characterize VBD 35419 3211 14 it -PRON- PRP 35419 3211 15 . . . 35419 3212 1 It -PRON- PRP 35419 3212 2 was be VBD 35419 3212 3 divided divide VBN 35419 3212 4 into into IN 35419 3212 5 two two CD 35419 3212 6 parts part NNS 35419 3212 7 by by IN 35419 3212 8 an an DT 35419 3212 9 irregular irregular JJ 35419 3212 10 northeast northeast NN 35419 3212 11 and and CC 35419 3212 12 southwest southwest JJ 35419 3212 13 line line NN 35419 3212 14 , , , 35419 3212 15 running run VBG 35419 3212 16 from from IN 35419 3212 17 southern southern JJ 35419 3212 18 New New NNP 35419 3212 19 England England NNP 35419 3212 20 to to IN 35419 3212 21 Missouri Missouri NNP 35419 3212 22 . . . 35419 3213 1 The the DT 35419 3213 2 southeast southeast JJ 35419 3213 3 portion portion NN 35419 3213 4 consisted consist VBD 35419 3213 5 of of IN 35419 3213 6 hardwoods hardwood NNS 35419 3213 7 intermixed intermix VBN 35419 3213 8 with with IN 35419 3213 9 conifers conifer NNS 35419 3213 10 . . . 35419 3214 1 The the DT 35419 3214 2 higher high JJR 35419 3214 3 ridges ridge NNS 35419 3214 4 of of IN 35419 3214 5 the the DT 35419 3214 6 Appalachian Appalachian NNP 35419 3214 7 Range Range NNP 35419 3214 8 , , , 35419 3214 9 really really RB 35419 3214 10 a a DT 35419 3214 11 leg leg NN 35419 3214 12 of of IN 35419 3214 13 the the DT 35419 3214 14 northern northern JJ 35419 3214 15 forest forest NN 35419 3214 16 , , , 35419 3214 17 were be VBD 35419 3214 18 occupied occupy VBN 35419 3214 19 by by IN 35419 3214 20 conifers conifer NNS 35419 3214 21 , , , 35419 3214 22 mainly mainly RB 35419 3214 23 spruce spruce VBP 35419 3214 24 , , , 35419 3214 25 white white JJ 35419 3214 26 pine pine NN 35419 3214 27 , , , 35419 3214 28 and and CC 35419 3214 29 hemlock hemlock NNP 35419 3214 30 . . . 35419 3215 1 The the DT 35419 3215 2 northwest northwest NN 35419 3215 3 portion portion NN 35419 3215 4 of of IN 35419 3215 5 the the DT 35419 3215 6 region region NN 35419 3215 7 , , , 35419 3215 8 particularly particularly RB 35419 3215 9 Ohio Ohio NNP 35419 3215 10 , , , 35419 3215 11 Indiana Indiana NNP 35419 3215 12 , , , 35419 3215 13 and and CC 35419 3215 14 Illinois Illinois NNP 35419 3215 15 , , , 35419 3215 16 was be VBD 35419 3215 17 without without IN 35419 3215 18 the the DT 35419 3215 19 conifers conifer NNS 35419 3215 20 . . . 35419 3216 1 It -PRON- PRP 35419 3216 2 was be VBD 35419 3216 3 essentially essentially RB 35419 3216 4 a a DT 35419 3216 5 mixed mix VBN 35419 3216 6 forest forest NN 35419 3216 7 , , , 35419 3216 8 largely largely RB 35419 3216 9 oak oak NNP 35419 3216 10 , , , 35419 3216 11 with with IN 35419 3216 12 a a DT 35419 3216 13 variable variable JJ 35419 3216 14 mixture mixture NN 35419 3216 15 of of IN 35419 3216 16 maples maple NNS 35419 3216 17 , , , 35419 3216 18 beech beech NN 35419 3216 19 , , , 35419 3216 20 chestnut chestnut NN 35419 3216 21 , , , 35419 3216 22 yellow yellow JJ 35419 3216 23 poplar poplar JJ 35419 3216 24 , , , 35419 3216 25 hickory hickory NN 35419 3216 26 , , , 35419 3216 27 sycamore sycamore NN 35419 3216 28 , , , 35419 3216 29 elm elm NNP 35419 3216 30 , , , 35419 3216 31 and and CC 35419 3216 32 ash ash VB 35419 3216 33 , , , 35419 3216 34 with with IN 35419 3216 35 birch birch JJ 35419 3216 36 appearing appear VBG 35419 3216 37 toward toward IN 35419 3216 38 the the DT 35419 3216 39 north north NN 35419 3216 40 and and CC 35419 3216 41 pine pine VB 35419 3216 42 toward toward IN 35419 3216 43 the the DT 35419 3216 44 south south NN 35419 3216 45 . . . 35419 3217 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 3217 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 3217 3 : : : 35419 3217 4 Fig Fig NNP 35419 3217 5 . . . 35419 3218 1 48 48 CD 35419 3218 2 . . . 35419 3219 1 Broad broad JJ 35419 3219 2 - - HYPH 35419 3219 3 leaf leaf NN 35419 3219 4 Forest Forest NNP 35419 3219 5 , , , 35419 3219 6 Protected protect VBN 35419 3219 7 from from IN 35419 3219 8 Cattle Cattle NNP 35419 3219 9 and and CC 35419 3219 10 Fire Fire NNP 35419 3219 11 . . . 35419 3220 1 Hancock Hancock NNP 35419 3220 2 Co. Co. NNP 35419 3220 3 , , , 35419 3220 4 Indiana Indiana NNP 35419 3220 5 . . . 35419 3221 1 _ _ NNP 35419 3221 2 U. U. NNP 35419 3222 1 S. S. NNP 35419 3222 2 Forest Forest NNP 35419 3222 3 Service Service NNP 35419 3222 4 . . . 35419 3222 5 _ _ NNP 35419 3222 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 3222 7 Taking take VBG 35419 3222 8 the the DT 35419 3222 9 Eastern Eastern NNP 35419 3222 10 Forest Forest NNP 35419 3222 11 as as IN 35419 3222 12 a a DT 35419 3222 13 whole whole NN 35419 3222 14 , , , 35419 3222 15 its -PRON- PRP$ 35419 3222 16 most most RBS 35419 3222 17 distinguishing distinguishing JJ 35419 3222 18 feature feature NN 35419 3222 19 was be VBD 35419 3222 20 the the DT 35419 3222 21 prevalence prevalence NN 35419 3222 22 of of IN 35419 3222 23 broad broad RB 35419 3222 24 - - HYPH 35419 3222 25 leaved leave VBN 35419 3222 26 trees tree NNS 35419 3222 27 , , , 35419 3222 28 so so IN 35419 3222 29 that that IN 35419 3222 30 it -PRON- PRP 35419 3222 31 might may MD 35419 3222 32 properly properly RB 35419 3222 33 be be VB 35419 3222 34 called call VBN 35419 3222 35 a a DT 35419 3222 36 deciduous deciduous JJ 35419 3222 37 forest forest NN 35419 3222 38 . . . 35419 3223 1 The the DT 35419 3223 2 greatest great JJS 35419 3223 3 diversity diversity NN 35419 3223 4 of of IN 35419 3223 5 trees tree NNS 35419 3223 6 was be VBD 35419 3223 7 to to TO 35419 3223 8 be be VB 35419 3223 9 found find VBN 35419 3223 10 in in IN 35419 3223 11 Kentucky Kentucky NNP 35419 3223 12 , , , 35419 3223 13 Tennessee Tennessee NNP 35419 3223 14 and and CC 35419 3223 15 North North NNP 35419 3223 16 Carolina Carolina NNP 35419 3223 17 , , , 35419 3223 18 and and CC 35419 3223 19 this this DT 35419 3223 20 region region NN 35419 3223 21 is be VBZ 35419 3223 22 still still RB 35419 3223 23 the the DT 35419 3223 24 source source NN 35419 3223 25 of of IN 35419 3223 26 the the DT 35419 3223 27 best good JJS 35419 3223 28 hardwood hardwood NN 35419 3223 29 lumber lumber NN 35419 3223 30 . . . 35419 3224 1 This this DT 35419 3224 2 great great JJ 35419 3224 3 eastern eastern JJ 35419 3224 4 forest forest NN 35419 3224 5 , , , 35419 3224 6 which which WDT 35419 3224 7 once once RB 35419 3224 8 extended extend VBD 35419 3224 9 uninterruptedly uninterruptedly RB 35419 3224 10 from from IN 35419 3224 11 the the DT 35419 3224 12 Atlantic Atlantic NNP 35419 3224 13 to to IN 35419 3224 14 the the DT 35419 3224 15 Mississippi Mississippi NNP 35419 3224 16 and and CC 35419 3224 17 beyond beyond IN 35419 3224 18 , , , 35419 3224 19 has have VBZ 35419 3224 20 now now RB 35419 3224 21 been be VBN 35419 3224 22 largely largely RB 35419 3224 23 lumbered lumber VBN 35419 3224 24 off off RP 35419 3224 25 , , , 35419 3224 26 particularly particularly RB 35419 3224 27 thru thru IN 35419 3224 28 the the DT 35419 3224 29 middle middle NN 35419 3224 30 or or CC 35419 3224 31 hardwood hardwood NN 35419 3224 32 portion portion NN 35419 3224 33 , , , 35419 3224 34 making make VBG 35419 3224 35 way way NN 35419 3224 36 for for IN 35419 3224 37 farms farm NNS 35419 3224 38 and and CC 35419 3224 39 towns town NNS 35419 3224 40 . . . 35419 3225 1 The the DT 35419 3225 2 north north NN 35419 3225 3 and and CC 35419 3225 4 south south JJ 35419 3225 5 coniferous coniferous JJ 35419 3225 6 belts belt NNS 35419 3225 7 are be VBP 35419 3225 8 still still RB 35419 3225 9 mainly mainly RB 35419 3225 10 unbroken unbroken JJ 35419 3225 11 , , , 35419 3225 12 and and CC 35419 3225 13 are be VBP 35419 3225 14 sparsely sparsely RB 35419 3225 15 settled settle VBN 35419 3225 16 , , , 35419 3225 17 but but CC 35419 3225 18 the the DT 35419 3225 19 big big JJ 35419 3225 20 timber timber NN 35419 3225 21 is be VBZ 35419 3225 22 cut cut VBN 35419 3225 23 out out RP 35419 3225 24 , , , 35419 3225 25 giving give VBG 35419 3225 26 place place NN 35419 3225 27 to to IN 35419 3225 28 poorer poor JJR 35419 3225 29 trees tree NNS 35419 3225 30 . . . 35419 3226 1 This this DT 35419 3226 2 is be VBZ 35419 3226 3 particularly particularly RB 35419 3226 4 true true JJ 35419 3226 5 of of IN 35419 3226 6 the the DT 35419 3226 7 white white JJ 35419 3226 8 pine pine NN 35419 3226 9 , , , 35419 3226 10 " " '' 35419 3226 11 the the DT 35419 3226 12 king king NN 35419 3226 13 of of IN 35419 3226 14 American american JJ 35419 3226 15 trees tree NNS 35419 3226 16 , , , 35419 3226 17 " " '' 35419 3226 18 only only RB 35419 3226 19 a a DT 35419 3226 20 little little JJ 35419 3226 21 of of IN 35419 3226 22 which which WDT 35419 3226 23 , , , 35419 3226 24 in in IN 35419 3226 25 valuable valuable JJ 35419 3226 26 sizes size NNS 35419 3226 27 , , , 35419 3226 28 is be VBZ 35419 3226 29 left leave VBN 35419 3226 30 in in IN 35419 3226 31 Michigan Michigan NNP 35419 3226 32 , , , 35419 3226 33 Wisconsin Wisconsin NNP 35419 3226 34 and and CC 35419 3226 35 Minnesota Minnesota NNP 35419 3226 36 . . . 35419 3227 1 In in IN 35419 3227 2 the the DT 35419 3227 3 same same JJ 35419 3227 4 way way NN 35419 3227 5 in in IN 35419 3227 6 the the DT 35419 3227 7 south south NN 35419 3227 8 , , , 35419 3227 9 the the DT 35419 3227 10 long long JJ 35419 3227 11 - - HYPH 35419 3227 12 leaf leaf NN 35419 3227 13 pine pine NN 35419 3227 14 , , , 35419 3227 15 once once RB 35419 3227 16 the the DT 35419 3227 17 characteristic characteristic JJ 35419 3227 18 tree tree NN 35419 3227 19 , , , 35419 3227 20 is be VBZ 35419 3227 21 fast fast RB 35419 3227 22 being be VBG 35419 3227 23 lumbered lumber VBN 35419 3227 24 out out RP 35419 3227 25 . . . 35419 3228 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 3228 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 3228 3 : : : 35419 3228 4 Fig Fig NNP 35419 3228 5 . . . 35419 3229 1 49 49 CD 35419 3229 2 . . . 35419 3230 1 Irrigated Irrigated NNP 35419 3230 2 Ranch Ranch NNP 35419 3230 3 on on IN 35419 3230 4 Treeless Treeless NNP 35419 3230 5 Alkali Alkali NNP 35419 3230 6 Plain Plain NNP 35419 3230 7 . . . 35419 3231 1 Rio Rio NNP 35419 3231 2 Blanco Blanco NNP 35419 3231 3 Co. Co. NNP 35419 3231 4 , , , 35419 3231 5 Colorada Colorada NNP 35419 3231 6 . . . 35419 3232 1 _ _ NNP 35419 3232 2 U. U. NNP 35419 3233 1 S. S. NNP 35419 3233 2 Forest Forest NNP 35419 3233 3 Service Service NNP 35419 3233 4 . . . 35419 3233 5 _ _ NNP 35419 3233 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 3233 7 The the DT 35419 3233 8 Western Western NNP 35419 3233 9 or or CC 35419 3233 10 Pacific Pacific NNP 35419 3233 11 forest forest NN 35419 3233 12 extends extend VBZ 35419 3233 13 two two CD 35419 3233 14 great great JJ 35419 3233 15 legs leg NNS 35419 3233 16 , , , 35419 3233 17 one one CD 35419 3233 18 down down IN 35419 3233 19 the the DT 35419 3233 20 Rocky Rocky NNP 35419 3233 21 Mountain Mountain NNP 35419 3233 22 Range Range NNP 35419 3233 23 , , , 35419 3233 24 and and CC 35419 3233 25 the the DT 35419 3233 26 other other JJ 35419 3233 27 along along IN 35419 3233 28 the the DT 35419 3233 29 Pacific Pacific NNP 35419 3233 30 coast coast NN 35419 3233 31 . . . 35419 3234 1 Between between IN 35419 3234 2 them -PRON- PRP 35419 3234 3 lies lie VBZ 35419 3234 4 the the DT 35419 3234 5 great great JJ 35419 3234 6 treeless treeless NNP 35419 3234 7 alkali alkali JJ 35419 3234 8 plain plain JJ 35419 3234 9 centering center VBG 35419 3234 10 around around IN 35419 3234 11 Nevada Nevada NNP 35419 3234 12 , , , 35419 3234 13 Fig Fig NNP 35419 3234 14 . . . 35419 3235 1 49 49 CD 35419 3235 2 . . . 35419 3236 1 In in IN 35419 3236 2 these these DT 35419 3236 3 two two CD 35419 3236 4 regions region NNS 35419 3236 5 coniferous coniferous JJ 35419 3236 6 trees tree NNS 35419 3236 7 have have VBP 35419 3236 8 almost almost RB 35419 3236 9 a a DT 35419 3236 10 monopoly monopoly NN 35419 3236 11 . . . 35419 3237 1 Broad broad RB 35419 3237 2 - - HYPH 35419 3237 3 leaved leave VBN 35419 3237 4 trees tree NNS 35419 3237 5 are be VBP 35419 3237 6 to to TO 35419 3237 7 be be VB 35419 3237 8 found find VBN 35419 3237 9 there there RB 35419 3237 10 , , , 35419 3237 11 along along IN 35419 3237 12 the the DT 35419 3237 13 river river NN 35419 3237 14 beds bed NNS 35419 3237 15 and and CC 35419 3237 16 in in IN 35419 3237 17 ravines ravine NNS 35419 3237 18 , , , 35419 3237 19 but but CC 35419 3237 20 they -PRON- PRP 35419 3237 21 are be VBP 35419 3237 22 of of IN 35419 3237 23 comparatively comparatively RB 35419 3237 24 little little JJ 35419 3237 25 importance importance NN 35419 3237 26 . . . 35419 3238 1 The the DT 35419 3238 2 forest forest NN 35419 3238 3 is be VBZ 35419 3238 4 essentially essentially RB 35419 3238 5 an an DT 35419 3238 6 evergreen evergreen JJ 35419 3238 7 forest forest NN 35419 3238 8 . . . 35419 3239 1 Another another DT 35419 3239 2 marked mark VBN 35419 3239 3 feature feature NN 35419 3239 4 of of IN 35419 3239 5 this this DT 35419 3239 6 western western JJ 35419 3239 7 forest forest NN 35419 3239 8 , , , 35419 3239 9 except except IN 35419 3239 10 in in IN 35419 3239 11 the the DT 35419 3239 12 Puget Puget NNP 35419 3239 13 Sound Sound NNP 35419 3239 14 region region NN 35419 3239 15 , , , 35419 3239 16 is be VBZ 35419 3239 17 that that IN 35419 3239 18 the the DT 35419 3239 19 trees tree NNS 35419 3239 20 , , , 35419 3239 21 in in IN 35419 3239 22 many many JJ 35419 3239 23 cases case NNS 35419 3239 24 , , , 35419 3239 25 stand stand VB 35419 3239 26 far far RB 35419 3239 27 apart apart RB 35419 3239 28 , , , 35419 3239 29 their -PRON- PRP$ 35419 3239 30 crowns crown NNS 35419 3239 31 not not RB 35419 3239 32 even even RB 35419 3239 33 touching touching JJ 35419 3239 34 , , , 35419 3239 35 so so IN 35419 3239 36 that that IN 35419 3239 37 the the DT 35419 3239 38 sun sun NN 35419 3239 39 beats beat VBZ 35419 3239 40 down down RP 35419 3239 41 and and CC 35419 3239 42 dries dry VBZ 35419 3239 43 up up RP 35419 3239 44 the the DT 35419 3239 45 forest forest NN 35419 3239 46 floor floor NN 35419 3239 47 , , , 35419 3239 48 Fig Fig NNP 35419 3239 49 . . . 35419 3240 1 50 50 CD 35419 3240 2 . . . 35419 3241 1 There there EX 35419 3241 2 is be VBZ 35419 3241 3 no no DT 35419 3241 4 dense dense JJ 35419 3241 5 " " `` 35419 3241 6 forest forest NN 35419 3241 7 cover cover NN 35419 3241 8 " " '' 35419 3241 9 or or CC 35419 3241 10 canopy canopy VB 35419 3241 11 as as IN 35419 3241 12 in in IN 35419 3241 13 the the DT 35419 3241 14 Eastern Eastern NNP 35419 3241 15 Forest Forest NNP 35419 3241 16 . . . 35419 3242 1 Moreover moreover RB 35419 3242 2 these these DT 35419 3242 3 western western JJ 35419 3242 4 forests forest NNS 35419 3242 5 are be VBP 35419 3242 6 largely largely RB 35419 3242 7 broken break VBN 35419 3242 8 up up RP 35419 3242 9 , , , 35419 3242 10 covering covering NN 35419 3242 11 but but CC 35419 3242 12 a a DT 35419 3242 13 part part NN 35419 3242 14 of of IN 35419 3242 15 the the DT 35419 3242 16 mountains mountain NNS 35419 3242 17 , , , 35419 3242 18 many many JJ 35419 3242 19 of of IN 35419 3242 20 which which WDT 35419 3242 21 are be VBP 35419 3242 22 snow snow NN 35419 3242 23 - - HYPH 35419 3242 24 clad clothe VBN 35419 3242 25 , , , 35419 3242 26 and and CC 35419 3242 27 interrupted interrupt VBN 35419 3242 28 by by IN 35419 3242 29 bare bare JJ 35419 3242 30 plains plain NNS 35419 3242 31 . . . 35419 3243 1 Along along IN 35419 3243 2 the the DT 35419 3243 3 creeks creek NNS 35419 3243 4 there there RB 35419 3243 5 grow grow VBP 35419 3243 6 a a DT 35419 3243 7 variety variety NN 35419 3243 8 of of IN 35419 3243 9 hardwoods hardwood NNS 35419 3243 10 . . . 35419 3244 1 It -PRON- PRP 35419 3244 2 was be VBD 35419 3244 3 never never RB 35419 3244 4 a a DT 35419 3244 5 continuous continuous JJ 35419 3244 6 forest forest NN 35419 3244 7 as as IN 35419 3244 8 was be VBD 35419 3244 9 the the DT 35419 3244 10 Eastern Eastern NNP 35419 3244 11 Forest Forest NNP 35419 3244 12 . . . 35419 3245 1 The the DT 35419 3245 2 openness openness NN 35419 3245 3 of of IN 35419 3245 4 this this DT 35419 3245 5 forest forest NN 35419 3245 6 on on IN 35419 3245 7 the the DT 35419 3245 8 Rockies Rockies NNPS 35419 3245 9 and and CC 35419 3245 10 on on IN 35419 3245 11 the the DT 35419 3245 12 eastern eastern JJ 35419 3245 13 slopes slope NNS 35419 3245 14 of of IN 35419 3245 15 the the DT 35419 3245 16 Sierra Sierra NNP 35419 3245 17 Nevadas Nevadas NNP 35419 3245 18 is be VBZ 35419 3245 19 in in IN 35419 3245 20 marked mark VBN 35419 3245 21 contrast contrast NN 35419 3245 22 to to IN 35419 3245 23 the the DT 35419 3245 24 western western JJ 35419 3245 25 slopes slope NNS 35419 3245 26 of of IN 35419 3245 27 the the DT 35419 3245 28 Sierras Sierras NNPS 35419 3245 29 , , , 35419 3245 30 where where WRB 35419 3245 31 there there EX 35419 3245 32 are be VBP 35419 3245 33 to to TO 35419 3245 34 be be VB 35419 3245 35 seen see VBN 35419 3245 36 the the DT 35419 3245 37 densest dense JJS 35419 3245 38 and and CC 35419 3245 39 most most RBS 35419 3245 40 remarkable remarkable JJ 35419 3245 41 woods wood NNS 35419 3245 42 of of IN 35419 3245 43 the the DT 35419 3245 44 world world NN 35419 3245 45 , , , 35419 3245 46 Fig Fig NNP 35419 3245 47 . . . 35419 3246 1 51 51 CD 35419 3246 2 . . . 35419 3247 1 This this DT 35419 3247 2 is be VBZ 35419 3247 3 due due JJ 35419 3247 4 to to IN 35419 3247 5 the the DT 35419 3247 6 peculiar peculiar JJ 35419 3247 7 distribution distribution NN 35419 3247 8 of of IN 35419 3247 9 the the DT 35419 3247 10 rainfall rainfall NN 35419 3247 11 of of IN 35419 3247 12 the the DT 35419 3247 13 region region NN 35419 3247 14 . . . 35419 3248 1 The the DT 35419 3248 2 precipitation precipitation NN 35419 3248 3 of of IN 35419 3248 4 the the DT 35419 3248 5 moisture moisture NN 35419 3248 6 upon upon IN 35419 3248 7 the the DT 35419 3248 8 northwest northwest NNP 35419 3248 9 coast coast NN 35419 3248 10 where where WRB 35419 3248 11 the the DT 35419 3248 12 trees tree NNS 35419 3248 13 are be VBP 35419 3248 14 dripping drip VBG 35419 3248 15 with with IN 35419 3248 16 fog fog NN 35419 3248 17 a a DT 35419 3248 18 large large JJ 35419 3248 19 part part NN 35419 3248 20 of of IN 35419 3248 21 the the DT 35419 3248 22 time time NN 35419 3248 23 , , , 35419 3248 24 is be VBZ 35419 3248 25 unequaled unequale VBN 35419 3248 26 by by IN 35419 3248 27 that that DT 35419 3248 28 of of IN 35419 3248 29 any any DT 35419 3248 30 other other JJ 35419 3248 31 locality locality NN 35419 3248 32 on on IN 35419 3248 33 the the DT 35419 3248 34 continent continent NN 35419 3248 35 . . . 35419 3249 1 But but CC 35419 3249 2 the the DT 35419 3249 3 interior interior NN 35419 3249 4 of of IN 35419 3249 5 this this DT 35419 3249 6 region region NN 35419 3249 7 , , , 35419 3249 8 which which WDT 35419 3249 9 is be VBZ 35419 3249 10 shut shut VBN 35419 3249 11 off off RP 35419 3249 12 by by IN 35419 3249 13 the the DT 35419 3249 14 high high JJ 35419 3249 15 Sierra Sierra NNP 35419 3249 16 Nevadas Nevadas NNP 35419 3249 17 from from IN 35419 3249 18 the the DT 35419 3249 19 western western JJ 35419 3249 20 winds wind NNS 35419 3249 21 , , , 35419 3249 22 has have VBZ 35419 3249 23 a a DT 35419 3249 24 very very RB 35419 3249 25 light light JJ 35419 3249 26 and and CC 35419 3249 27 irregular irregular JJ 35419 3249 28 rainfall rainfall NN 35419 3249 29 . . . 35419 3250 1 Where where WRB 35419 3250 2 the the DT 35419 3250 3 rainfall rainfall NN 35419 3250 4 is be VBZ 35419 3250 5 heavy heavy JJ 35419 3250 6 , , , 35419 3250 7 the the DT 35419 3250 8 forests forest NNS 35419 3250 9 are be VBP 35419 3250 10 dense dense JJ 35419 3250 11 ; ; : 35419 3250 12 and and CC 35419 3250 13 where where WRB 35419 3250 14 the the DT 35419 3250 15 rainfall rainfall NN 35419 3250 16 is be VBZ 35419 3250 17 light light JJ 35419 3250 18 , , , 35419 3250 19 the the DT 35419 3250 20 trees tree NNS 35419 3250 21 are be VBP 35419 3250 22 sparse sparse JJ 35419 3250 23 . . . 35419 3251 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 3251 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 3251 3 : : : 35419 3251 4 Fig Fig NNP 35419 3251 5 . . . 35419 3252 1 50 50 CD 35419 3252 2 . . . 35419 3253 1 Open open JJ 35419 3253 2 Western Western NNP 35419 3253 3 Forest Forest NNP 35419 3253 4 , , , 35419 3253 5 Bull Bull NNP 35419 3253 6 Pine Pine NNP 35419 3253 7 . . . 35419 3254 1 Flagstaff Flagstaff NNP 35419 3254 2 , , , 35419 3254 3 Arizona Arizona NNP 35419 3254 4 . . . 35419 3255 1 _ _ NNP 35419 3255 2 U. U. NNP 35419 3256 1 S. S. NNP 35419 3256 2 Forest Forest NNP 35419 3256 3 Service Service NNP 35419 3256 4 . . . 35419 3256 5 _ _ NNP 35419 3256 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 3256 7 Along along IN 35419 3256 8 the the DT 35419 3256 9 Rockies Rockies NNPS 35419 3256 10 the the DT 35419 3256 11 characteristic characteristic JJ 35419 3256 12 trees tree NNS 35419 3256 13 are be VBP 35419 3256 14 Engelmann Engelmann NNP 35419 3256 15 's 's POS 35419 3256 16 spruce spruce NN 35419 3256 17 , , , 35419 3256 18 bull bull NN 35419 3256 19 pine pine NN 35419 3256 20 , , , 35419 3256 21 Douglas Douglas NNP 35419 3256 22 fir fir NN 35419 3256 23 , , , 35419 3256 24 and and CC 35419 3256 25 lodgepole lodgepole NN 35419 3256 26 pine pine NN 35419 3256 27 . . . 35419 3257 1 As as IN 35419 3257 2 one one CD 35419 3257 3 goes go VBZ 35419 3257 4 west west NN 35419 3257 5 , , , 35419 3257 6 the the DT 35419 3257 7 variety variety NN 35419 3257 8 of of IN 35419 3257 9 trees tree NNS 35419 3257 10 increases increase NNS 35419 3257 11 and and CC 35419 3257 12 becomes become VBZ 35419 3257 13 , , , 35419 3257 14 so so RB 35419 3257 15 far far RB 35419 3257 16 as as IN 35419 3257 17 conifers conifer NNS 35419 3257 18 are be VBP 35419 3257 19 concerned concerned JJ 35419 3257 20 , , , 35419 3257 21 far far RB 35419 3257 22 greater great JJR 35419 3257 23 than than IN 35419 3257 24 in in IN 35419 3257 25 the the DT 35419 3257 26 east east NN 35419 3257 27 . . . 35419 3258 1 Of of IN 35419 3258 2 109 109 CD 35419 3258 3 conifers conifer NNS 35419 3258 4 in in IN 35419 3258 5 the the DT 35419 3258 6 United United NNP 35419 3258 7 States States NNP 35419 3258 8 , , , 35419 3258 9 80 80 CD 35419 3258 10 belong belong VBP 35419 3258 11 to to IN 35419 3258 12 the the DT 35419 3258 13 western western JJ 35419 3258 14 forests forest NNS 35419 3258 15 and and CC 35419 3258 16 28 28 CD 35419 3258 17 to to IN 35419 3258 18 the the DT 35419 3258 19 eastern eastern NN 35419 3258 20 . . . 35419 3259 1 The the DT 35419 3259 2 Pacific Pacific NNP 35419 3259 3 forest forest NN 35419 3259 4 is be VBZ 35419 3259 5 rich rich JJ 35419 3259 6 in in IN 35419 3259 7 the the DT 35419 3259 8 possession possession NN 35419 3259 9 of of IN 35419 3259 10 half half PDT 35419 3259 11 a a DT 35419 3259 12 dozen dozen NN 35419 3259 13 leading lead VBG 35419 3259 14 species specie NNS 35419 3259 15 -- -- : 35419 3259 16 Douglas Douglas NNP 35419 3259 17 fir fir NN 35419 3259 18 , , , 35419 3259 19 western western JJ 35419 3259 20 hemlock hemlock NNP 35419 3259 21 , , , 35419 3259 22 sugar sugar NNP 35419 3259 23 pine pine NNP 35419 3259 24 , , , 35419 3259 25 bull bull NNP 35419 3259 26 pine pine NN 35419 3259 27 , , , 35419 3259 28 cedar cedar NN 35419 3259 29 and and CC 35419 3259 30 redwood redwood NN 35419 3259 31 . . . 35419 3260 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 3260 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 3260 3 : : : 35419 3260 4 Fig Fig NNP 35419 3260 5 . . . 35419 3261 1 51 51 CD 35419 3261 2 . . . 35419 3262 1 Dense Dense NNP 35419 3262 2 Forest Forest NNP 35419 3262 3 of of IN 35419 3262 4 Puget Puget NNP 35419 3262 5 Sound Sound NNP 35419 3262 6 Region Region NNP 35419 3262 7 , , , 35419 3262 8 Red Red NNP 35419 3262 9 Fir Fir NNP 35419 3262 10 and and CC 35419 3262 11 Red Red NNP 35419 3262 12 Cedar Cedar NNP 35419 3262 13 . . . 35419 3263 1 Pierce Pierce NNP 35419 3263 2 Co. Co. NNP 35419 3263 3 , , , 35419 3263 4 Washington Washington NNP 35419 3263 5 . . . 35419 3264 1 _ _ NNP 35419 3264 2 U. U. NNP 35419 3265 1 S. S. NNP 35419 3265 2 Forest Forest NNP 35419 3265 3 Service Service NNP 35419 3265 4 . . . 35419 3265 5 _ _ NNP 35419 3265 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 3265 7 But but CC 35419 3265 8 the the DT 35419 3265 9 far far RB 35419 3265 10 western western JJ 35419 3265 11 conifers conifer NNS 35419 3265 12 are be VBP 35419 3265 13 remarkable remarkable JJ 35419 3265 14 , , , 35419 3265 15 not not RB 35419 3265 16 only only RB 35419 3265 17 for for IN 35419 3265 18 their -PRON- PRP$ 35419 3265 19 variety variety NN 35419 3265 20 , , , 35419 3265 21 but but CC 35419 3265 22 still still RB 35419 3265 23 more more JJR 35419 3265 24 for for IN 35419 3265 25 the the DT 35419 3265 26 density density NN 35419 3265 27 of of IN 35419 3265 28 their -PRON- PRP$ 35419 3265 29 growth growth NN 35419 3265 30 , , , 35419 3265 31 already already RB 35419 3265 32 mentioned mention VBN 35419 3265 33 , , , 35419 3265 34 and and CC 35419 3265 35 for for IN 35419 3265 36 their -PRON- PRP$ 35419 3265 37 great great JJ 35419 3265 38 size size NN 35419 3265 39 , , , 35419 3265 40 Fig Fig NNP 35419 3265 41 . . . 35419 3266 1 52 52 CD 35419 3266 2 . . . 35419 3267 1 The the DT 35419 3267 2 pines pine NNS 35419 3267 3 , , , 35419 3267 4 spruces spruce NNS 35419 3267 5 and and CC 35419 3267 6 hemlocks hemlock NNS 35419 3267 7 of of IN 35419 3267 8 the the DT 35419 3267 9 Puget Puget NNP 35419 3267 10 Sound Sound NNP 35419 3267 11 region region NN 35419 3267 12 make make VBP 35419 3267 13 eastern eastern JJ 35419 3267 14 trees tree NNS 35419 3267 15 look look VBP 35419 3267 16 small small JJ 35419 3267 17 , , , 35419 3267 18 and and CC 35419 3267 19 both both CC 35419 3267 20 the the DT 35419 3267 21 red red JJ 35419 3267 22 fir fir NN 35419 3267 23 and and CC 35419 3267 24 the the DT 35419 3267 25 redwood redwood NN 35419 3267 26 often often RB 35419 3267 27 grow grow VBP 35419 3267 28 to to TO 35419 3267 29 be be VB 35419 3267 30 over over IN 35419 3267 31 250 250 CD 35419 3267 32 feet foot NNS 35419 3267 33 high high JJ 35419 3267 34 , , , 35419 3267 35 and and CC 35419 3267 36 yield yield VB 35419 3267 37 100,000 100,000 CD 35419 3267 38 feet foot NNS 35419 3267 39 , , , 35419 3267 40 B.M. B.M. NNP 35419 3267 41 , , , 35419 3267 42 to to IN 35419 3267 43 the the DT 35419 3267 44 acre acre NN 35419 3267 45 as as IN 35419 3267 46 against against IN 35419 3267 47 10,000 10,000 CD 35419 3267 48 feet foot NNS 35419 3267 49 , , , 35419 3267 50 B.M. B.M. NNP 35419 3267 51 , , , 35419 3267 52 of of IN 35419 3267 53 good good JJ 35419 3267 54 spruce spruce NN 35419 3267 55 in in IN 35419 3267 56 Maine Maine NNP 35419 3267 57 . . . 35419 3268 1 The the DT 35419 3268 2 redwood redwood NN 35419 3268 3 , , , 35419 3268 4 Fig fig NN 35419 3268 5 . . . 35419 3269 1 53 53 CD 35419 3269 2 , , , 35419 3269 3 occupies occupy VBZ 35419 3269 4 a a DT 35419 3269 5 belt belt NN 35419 3269 6 some some DT 35419 3269 7 twenty twenty CD 35419 3269 8 miles mile NNS 35419 3269 9 wide wide RB 35419 3269 10 along along IN 35419 3269 11 the the DT 35419 3269 12 coast coast NN 35419 3269 13 from from IN 35419 3269 14 southern southern JJ 35419 3269 15 Oregon Oregon NNP 35419 3269 16 to to IN 35419 3269 17 a a DT 35419 3269 18 point point NN 35419 3269 19 not not RB 35419 3269 20 far far RB 35419 3269 21 north north RB 35419 3269 22 of of IN 35419 3269 23 San San NNP 35419 3269 24 Francisco Francisco NNP 35419 3269 25 and and CC 35419 3269 26 grows grow VBZ 35419 3269 27 even even RB 35419 3269 28 taller tall JJR 35419 3269 29 than than IN 35419 3269 30 the the DT 35419 3269 31 famous famous JJ 35419 3269 32 big big JJ 35419 3269 33 trees tree NNS 35419 3269 34 . . . 35419 3270 1 The the DT 35419 3270 2 big big JJ 35419 3270 3 trees tree NNS 35419 3270 4 are be VBP 35419 3270 5 the the DT 35419 3270 6 largest large JJS 35419 3270 7 known know VBN 35419 3270 8 trees tree NNS 35419 3270 9 in in IN 35419 3270 10 diameter diameter NN 35419 3270 11 , , , 35419 3270 12 occasionally occasionally RB 35419 3270 13 reaching reach VBG 35419 3270 14 in in IN 35419 3270 15 that that DT 35419 3270 16 measurement measurement NN 35419 3270 17 35 35 CD 35419 3270 18 feet foot NNS 35419 3270 19 . . . 35419 3271 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 3271 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 3271 3 : : : 35419 3271 4 Fig Fig NNP 35419 3271 5 . . . 35419 3272 1 52 52 CD 35419 3272 2 . . . 35419 3273 1 Virgin Virgin NNP 35419 3273 2 Forest Forest NNP 35419 3273 3 of of IN 35419 3273 4 Red Red NNP 35419 3273 5 Fir Fir NNP 35419 3273 6 , , , 35419 3273 7 Red Red NNP 35419 3273 8 Cedar Cedar NNP 35419 3273 9 , , , 35419 3273 10 Western Western NNP 35419 3273 11 Hemlock Hemlock NNP 35419 3273 12 , , , 35419 3273 13 and and CC 35419 3273 14 Oregon Oregon NNP 35419 3273 15 Maple Maple NNP 35419 3273 16 . . . 35419 3274 1 Ashford Ashford NNP 35419 3274 2 , , , 35419 3274 3 Washington Washington NNP 35419 3274 4 . . . 35419 3275 1 _ _ NNP 35419 3275 2 U. U. NNP 35419 3276 1 S. S. NNP 35419 3276 2 Forest Forest NNP 35419 3276 3 Service Service NNP 35419 3276 4 . . . 35419 3276 5 _ _ NNP 35419 3276 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 3276 7 [ [ -LRB- 35419 3276 8 Illustration illustration NN 35419 3276 9 : : : 35419 3276 10 Fig Fig NNP 35419 3276 11 . . . 35419 3277 1 53 53 CD 35419 3277 2 . . . 35419 3278 1 Redwood Redwood NNP 35419 3278 2 Forest Forest NNP 35419 3278 3 . . . 35419 3279 1 Santa Santa NNP 35419 3279 2 Cruz Cruz NNP 35419 3279 3 Co. Co. NNP 35419 3279 4 , , , 35419 3279 5 Calif. California NNP 35419 3279 6 _ _ NNP 35419 3279 7 U. U. NNP 35419 3280 1 S. S. NNP 35419 3280 2 Forest Forest NNP 35419 3280 3 Service Service NNP 35419 3280 4 . . . 35419 3280 5 _ _ NNP 35419 3280 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 3280 7 The the DT 35419 3280 8 big big JJ 35419 3280 9 tree tree NN 35419 3280 10 , , , 35419 3280 11 Fig Fig NNP 35419 3280 12 . . . 35419 3281 1 54 54 CD 35419 3281 2 , , , 35419 3281 3 occurs occur VBZ 35419 3281 4 exclusively exclusively RB 35419 3281 5 in in IN 35419 3281 6 groves grove NNS 35419 3281 7 , , , 35419 3281 8 which which WDT 35419 3281 9 , , , 35419 3281 10 however however RB 35419 3281 11 , , , 35419 3281 12 are be VBP 35419 3281 13 not not RB 35419 3281 14 pure pure JJ 35419 3281 15 , , , 35419 3281 16 but but CC 35419 3281 17 are be VBP 35419 3281 18 scattered scatter VBN 35419 3281 19 among among IN 35419 3281 20 a a DT 35419 3281 21 much much RB 35419 3281 22 larger large JJR 35419 3281 23 number number NN 35419 3281 24 of of IN 35419 3281 25 trees tree NNS 35419 3281 26 of of IN 35419 3281 27 other other JJ 35419 3281 28 kinds kind NNS 35419 3281 29 . . . 35419 3282 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 3282 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 3282 3 : : : 35419 3282 4 Fig Fig NNP 35419 3282 5 . . . 35419 3283 1 54 54 CD 35419 3283 2 . . . 35419 3284 1 Big Big NNP 35419 3284 2 Tree Tree NNP 35419 3284 3 Forest Forest NNP 35419 3284 4 . . . 35419 3285 1 Sierra Sierra NNP 35419 3285 2 National National NNP 35419 3285 3 Forest Forest NNP 35419 3285 4 , , , 35419 3285 5 California California NNP 35419 3285 6 . . . 35419 3286 1 _ _ NNP 35419 3286 2 U. U. NNP 35419 3287 1 S. S. NNP 35419 3287 2 Forest Forest NNP 35419 3287 3 Service Service NNP 35419 3287 4 . . . 35419 3287 5 _ _ NNP 35419 3287 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 3287 7 The the DT 35419 3287 8 great great JJ 35419 3287 9 and and CC 35419 3287 10 unsurpassed unsurpassed JJ 35419 3287 11 Puget Puget NNP 35419 3287 12 Sound Sound NNP 35419 3287 13 forest forest NN 35419 3287 14 is be VBZ 35419 3287 15 destined destine VBN 35419 3287 16 to to TO 35419 3287 17 be be VB 35419 3287 18 before before IN 35419 3287 19 long long RB 35419 3287 20 the the DT 35419 3287 21 center center NN 35419 3287 22 of of IN 35419 3287 23 the the DT 35419 3287 24 lumber lumber NN 35419 3287 25 trade trade NN 35419 3287 26 of of IN 35419 3287 27 this this DT 35419 3287 28 country country NN 35419 3287 29 . . . 35419 3288 1 These these DT 35419 3288 2 two two CD 35419 3288 3 great great JJ 35419 3288 4 forests forest NNS 35419 3288 5 of of IN 35419 3288 6 the the DT 35419 3288 7 east east NNP 35419 3288 8 and and CC 35419 3288 9 the the DT 35419 3288 10 west west NNP 35419 3288 11 both both DT 35419 3288 12 run run VBP 35419 3288 13 northward northward RB 35419 3288 14 into into IN 35419 3288 15 British British NNP 35419 3288 16 America America NNP 35419 3288 17 , , , 35419 3288 18 and and CC 35419 3288 19 are be VBP 35419 3288 20 there there EX 35419 3288 21 united united JJ 35419 3288 22 in in IN 35419 3288 23 a a DT 35419 3288 24 broad broad JJ 35419 3288 25 belt belt NN 35419 3288 26 of of IN 35419 3288 27 subarctic subarctic JJ 35419 3288 28 forest forest NN 35419 3288 29 which which WDT 35419 3288 30 extends extend VBZ 35419 3288 31 across across IN 35419 3288 32 the the DT 35419 3288 33 continent continent NN 35419 3288 34 . . . 35419 3289 1 At at IN 35419 3289 2 the the DT 35419 3289 3 far far JJ 35419 3289 4 north north NN 35419 3289 5 it -PRON- PRP 35419 3289 6 is be VBZ 35419 3289 7 characterized characterize VBN 35419 3289 8 by by IN 35419 3289 9 the the DT 35419 3289 10 white white JJ 35419 3289 11 spruce spruce NN 35419 3289 12 and and CC 35419 3289 13 aspen aspen VB 35419 3289 14 . . . 35419 3290 1 The the DT 35419 3290 2 forest forest NN 35419 3290 3 is be VBZ 35419 3290 4 open open JJ 35419 3290 5 , , , 35419 3290 6 stunted stunted JJ 35419 3290 7 , , , 35419 3290 8 and and CC 35419 3290 9 of of IN 35419 3290 10 no no DT 35419 3290 11 economic economic JJ 35419 3290 12 value value NN 35419 3290 13 . . . 35419 3291 1 Taking take VBG 35419 3291 2 all all PDT 35419 3291 3 the the DT 35419 3291 4 genera genera NN 35419 3291 5 and and CC 35419 3291 6 species specie NNS 35419 3291 7 together together RB 35419 3291 8 , , , 35419 3291 9 there there EX 35419 3291 10 is be VBZ 35419 3291 11 a a DT 35419 3291 12 far far RB 35419 3291 13 greater great JJR 35419 3291 14 variety variety NN 35419 3291 15 in in IN 35419 3291 16 the the DT 35419 3291 17 eastern eastern JJ 35419 3291 18 than than IN 35419 3291 19 in in IN 35419 3291 20 the the DT 35419 3291 21 western western JJ 35419 3291 22 forests forest NNS 35419 3291 23 . . . 35419 3292 1 A a DT 35419 3292 2 considerable considerable JJ 35419 3292 3 number number NN 35419 3292 4 of of IN 35419 3292 5 genera genera NN 35419 3292 6 , , , 35419 3292 7 perhaps perhaps RB 35419 3292 8 a a DT 35419 3292 9 third third NN 35419 3292 10 of of IN 35419 3292 11 the the DT 35419 3292 12 total total NN 35419 3292 13 , , , 35419 3292 14 grow grow VB 35419 3292 15 within within IN 35419 3292 16 both both DT 35419 3292 17 regions region NNS 35419 3292 18 , , , 35419 3292 19 but but CC 35419 3292 20 the the DT 35419 3292 21 species specie NNS 35419 3292 22 having have VBG 35419 3292 23 continental continental JJ 35419 3292 24 range range NN 35419 3292 25 are be VBP 35419 3292 26 few few JJ 35419 3292 27 . . . 35419 3293 1 They -PRON- PRP 35419 3293 2 are be VBP 35419 3293 3 the the DT 35419 3293 4 following follow VBG 35419 3293 5 : : : 35419 3293 6 Larch Larch NNP 35419 3293 7 ( ( -LRB- 35419 3293 8 _ _ NNP 35419 3293 9 Larix Larix NNP 35419 3293 10 laricina laricina NNP 35419 3293 11 _ _ NNP 35419 3293 12 ) ) -RRB- 35419 3293 13 , , , 35419 3293 14 white white JJ 35419 3293 15 spruce spruce NN 35419 3293 16 ( ( -LRB- 35419 3293 17 _ _ NNP 35419 3293 18 Picea Picea NNP 35419 3293 19 canadensis canadensis NN 35419 3293 20 _ _ NNP 35419 3293 21 ) ) -RRB- 35419 3293 22 , , , 35419 3293 23 dwarf dwarf NN 35419 3293 24 juniper juniper NN 35419 3293 25 ( ( -LRB- 35419 3293 26 _ _ NNP 35419 3293 27 Juniperus Juniperus NNP 35419 3293 28 communis communis NN 35419 3293 29 _ _ NNP 35419 3293 30 ) ) -RRB- 35419 3293 31 , , , 35419 3293 32 black black JJ 35419 3293 33 willow willow NN 35419 3293 34 ( ( -LRB- 35419 3293 35 _ _ NNP 35419 3293 36 Salix Salix NNP 35419 3293 37 nigra nigra NN 35419 3293 38 _ _ NNP 35419 3293 39 ) ) -RRB- 35419 3293 40 , , , 35419 3293 41 almond almond NN 35419 3293 42 leaf leaf NN 35419 3293 43 willow willow NN 35419 3293 44 ( ( -LRB- 35419 3293 45 _ _ NNP 35419 3293 46 Salix Salix NNP 35419 3293 47 amygdaloides amygdaloide VBZ 35419 3293 48 _ _ NNP 35419 3293 49 ) ) -RRB- 35419 3293 50 , , , 35419 3293 51 long long JJ 35419 3293 52 leaf leaf NN 35419 3293 53 willow willow NN 35419 3293 54 ( ( -LRB- 35419 3293 55 _ _ NNP 35419 3293 56 Salix Salix NNP 35419 3293 57 fluviatilis fluviatilis NNP 35419 3293 58 _ _ NNP 35419 3293 59 ) ) -RRB- 35419 3293 60 , , , 35419 3293 61 aspen aspen NNP 35419 3293 62 ( ( -LRB- 35419 3293 63 _ _ NNP 35419 3293 64 Populus Populus NNP 35419 3293 65 tremuloides tremuloide NNS 35419 3293 66 _ _ NNP 35419 3293 67 ) ) -RRB- 35419 3293 68 , , , 35419 3293 69 balm balm NN 35419 3293 70 of of IN 35419 3293 71 Gilead Gilead NNP 35419 3293 72 ( ( -LRB- 35419 3293 73 _ _ NNP 35419 3293 74 Populus Populus NNP 35419 3293 75 balsamifera balsamifera NN 35419 3293 76 _ _ NNP 35419 3293 77 ) ) -RRB- 35419 3293 78 , , , 35419 3293 79 and and CC 35419 3293 80 hackberry hackberry JJ 35419 3293 81 ( ( -LRB- 35419 3293 82 _ _ NNP 35419 3293 83 Celtis Celtis NNP 35419 3293 84 occidentalis occidentalis NNPS 35419 3293 85 _ _ NNP 35419 3293 86 ) ) -RRB- 35419 3293 87 . . . 35419 3294 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 3294 2 Footnote footnote NN 35419 3294 3 1 1 CD 35419 3294 4 : : : 35419 3294 5 ORIGINAL original JJ 35419 3294 6 FOREST forest NN 35419 3294 7 REGIONS region NNS 35419 3294 8 OF of IN 35419 3294 9 THE the DT 35419 3294 10 UNITED UNITED NNP 35419 3294 11 STATES STATES NNP 35419 3294 12 . . . 35419 3295 1 Area area NN 35419 3295 2 Area area NN 35419 3295 3 Thousand thousand CD 35419 3295 4 acres acre NNS 35419 3295 5 Per per IN 35419 3295 6 cent cent NN 35419 3295 7 . . . 35419 3296 1 Northern northern JJ 35419 3296 2 forest forest NN 35419 3296 3 158,938 158,938 CD 35419 3296 4 8.4 8.4 CD 35419 3296 5 Hardwood Hardwood NNP 35419 3296 6 forest forest NN 35419 3296 7 328,183 328,183 CD 35419 3296 8 17.3 17.3 CD 35419 3296 9 Southern Southern NNP 35419 3296 10 forest forest NN 35419 3296 11 249,669 249,669 CD 35419 3296 12 13.1 13.1 CD 35419 3296 13 Rocky Rocky NNP 35419 3296 14 Mountains Mountains NNPS 35419 3296 15 forest forest NN 35419 3296 16 155,014 155,014 CD 35419 3296 17 8.1 8.1 CD 35419 3296 18 Pacific Pacific NNP 35419 3296 19 forest forest NN 35419 3296 20 121,356 121,356 CD 35419 3296 21 6.4 6.4 CD 35419 3296 22 Treeless Treeless NNP 35419 3296 23 area area NN 35419 3296 24 887,787 887,787 CD 35419 3296 25 46.7 46.7 CD 35419 3296 26 --------- --------- NFP 35419 3296 27 ----- ----- NFP 35419 3296 28 Total total JJ 35419 3296 29 land land NN 35419 3296 30 area area NN 35419 3296 31 1,900,947 1,900,947 CD 35419 3296 32 100.0 100.0 CD 35419 3296 33 ] ] -RRB- 35419 3296 34 THE the DT 35419 3296 35 DISTRIBUTION distribution NN 35419 3296 36 AND and CC 35419 3296 37 COMPOSITION composition NN 35419 3296 38 OF of IN 35419 3296 39 NORTH NORTH NNP 35419 3296 40 AMERICAN AMERICAN NNP 35419 3296 41 FORESTS FORESTS NNP 35419 3296 42 . . . 35419 3297 1 REFERENCES:[A REFERENCES:[A NNP 35419 3297 2 ] ] -RRB- 35419 3297 3 Sargent Sargent NNP 35419 3297 4 , , , 35419 3297 5 _ _ NNP 35419 3297 6 Forest Forest NNP 35419 3297 7 Trees Trees NNP 35419 3297 8 _ _ NNP 35419 3297 9 , , , 35419 3297 10 Intro Intro NNP 35419 3297 11 . . NNP 35419 3297 12 , , , 35419 3297 13 pp pp NNP 35419 3297 14 . . . 35419 3298 1 3 3 CD 35419 3298 2 - - SYM 35419 3298 3 10 10 CD 35419 3298 4 . . . 35419 3299 1 Bruncken Bruncken NNP 35419 3299 2 , , , 35419 3299 3 pp pp ADD 35419 3299 4 . . . 35419 3300 1 5 5 CD 35419 3300 2 - - SYM 35419 3300 3 16 16 CD 35419 3300 4 . . . 35419 3301 1 Roth Roth NNP 35419 3301 2 , , , 35419 3301 3 _ _ NNP 35419 3301 4 First First NNP 35419 3301 5 Book Book NNP 35419 3301 6 _ _ NNP 35419 3301 7 , , , 35419 3301 8 pp pp NNP 35419 3301 9 . . . 35419 3302 1 209 209 CD 35419 3302 2 - - SYM 35419 3302 3 212 212 CD 35419 3302 4 . . . 35419 3303 1 Shaler Shaler NNP 35419 3303 2 , , , 35419 3303 3 I -PRON- PRP 35419 3303 4 , , , 35419 3303 5 pp pp NNP 35419 3303 6 . . . 35419 3304 1 489 489 CD 35419 3304 2 - - SYM 35419 3304 3 498 498 CD 35419 3304 4 . . . 35419 3305 1 Fernow fernow NN 35419 3305 2 , , , 35419 3305 3 _ _ NNP 35419 3305 4 For for IN 35419 3305 5 . . . 35419 3306 1 Inves inve NNS 35419 3306 2 . . . 35419 3306 3 _ _ NNP 35419 3306 4 , , , 35419 3306 5 pp pp NNP 35419 3306 6 . . . 35419 3307 1 45 45 CD 35419 3307 2 - - SYM 35419 3307 3 51 51 CD 35419 3307 4 . . . 35419 3308 1 Fernow Fernow NNP 35419 3308 2 , , , 35419 3308 3 _ _ NNP 35419 3308 4 Economics Economics NNP 35419 3308 5 _ _ NNP 35419 3308 6 , , , 35419 3308 7 pp pp NNP 35419 3308 8 . . . 35419 3309 1 331 331 CD 35419 3309 2 - - SYM 35419 3309 3 368 368 CD 35419 3309 4 . . . 35419 3310 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 3310 2 Footnote Footnote NNP 35419 3310 3 A A NNP 35419 3310 4 : : : 35419 3310 5 For for IN 35419 3310 6 general general JJ 35419 3310 7 bibliography bibliography NN 35419 3310 8 , , , 35419 3310 9 see see VB 35419 3310 10 p. p. NN 35419 3311 1 4 4 LS 35419 3311 2 . . . 35419 3311 3 ] ] -RRB- 35419 3312 1 CHAPTER CHAPTER NNP 35419 3312 2 V. V. NNP 35419 3312 3 THE the DT 35419 3312 4 FOREST FOREST NNP 35419 3312 5 ORGANISM ORGANISM NNP 35419 3312 6 . . . 35419 3313 1 The the DT 35419 3313 2 forest forest NN 35419 3313 3 is be VBZ 35419 3313 4 much much RB 35419 3313 5 more more JJR 35419 3313 6 than than IN 35419 3313 7 an an DT 35419 3313 8 assemblage assemblage NN 35419 3313 9 of of IN 35419 3313 10 different different JJ 35419 3313 11 trees tree NNS 35419 3313 12 , , , 35419 3313 13 it -PRON- PRP 35419 3313 14 is be VBZ 35419 3313 15 an an DT 35419 3313 16 organism organism NN 35419 3313 17 ; ; : 35419 3313 18 that that RB 35419 3313 19 is is RB 35419 3313 20 , , , 35419 3313 21 the the DT 35419 3313 22 trees tree NNS 35419 3313 23 that that WDT 35419 3313 24 compose compose VBP 35419 3313 25 it -PRON- PRP 35419 3313 26 have have VB 35419 3313 27 a a DT 35419 3313 28 vital vital JJ 35419 3313 29 relation relation NN 35419 3313 30 to to IN 35419 3313 31 each each DT 35419 3313 32 other other JJ 35419 3313 33 . . . 35419 3314 1 It -PRON- PRP 35419 3314 2 may may MD 35419 3314 3 almost almost RB 35419 3314 4 be be VB 35419 3314 5 said say VBN 35419 3314 6 to to TO 35419 3314 7 have have VB 35419 3314 8 a a DT 35419 3314 9 life life NN 35419 3314 10 of of IN 35419 3314 11 its -PRON- PRP$ 35419 3314 12 own own JJ 35419 3314 13 , , , 35419 3314 14 since since IN 35419 3314 15 it -PRON- PRP 35419 3314 16 has have VBZ 35419 3314 17 a a DT 35419 3314 18 soil soil NN 35419 3314 19 and and CC 35419 3314 20 a a DT 35419 3314 21 climate climate NN 35419 3314 22 , , , 35419 3314 23 largely largely RB 35419 3314 24 of of IN 35419 3314 25 its -PRON- PRP$ 35419 3314 26 own own JJ 35419 3314 27 making making NN 35419 3314 28 . . . 35419 3315 1 Without without IN 35419 3315 2 these these DT 35419 3315 3 conditions condition NNS 35419 3315 4 , , , 35419 3315 5 and and CC 35419 3315 6 without without IN 35419 3315 7 the the DT 35419 3315 8 help help NN 35419 3315 9 and and CC 35419 3315 10 hindrance hindrance NN 35419 3315 11 which which WDT 35419 3315 12 forest forest NN 35419 3315 13 trees tree NNS 35419 3315 14 give give VBP 35419 3315 15 to to IN 35419 3315 16 each each DT 35419 3315 17 other other JJ 35419 3315 18 , , , 35419 3315 19 these these DT 35419 3315 20 trees tree NNS 35419 3315 21 would would MD 35419 3315 22 not not RB 35419 3315 23 have have VB 35419 3315 24 their -PRON- PRP$ 35419 3315 25 present present JJ 35419 3315 26 characteristics characteristic NNS 35419 3315 27 , , , 35419 3315 28 either either CC 35419 3315 29 in in IN 35419 3315 30 shape shape NN 35419 3315 31 , , , 35419 3315 32 habits habit NNS 35419 3315 33 of of IN 35419 3315 34 growth growth NN 35419 3315 35 or or CC 35419 3315 36 nature nature NN 35419 3315 37 of of IN 35419 3315 38 wood wood NN 35419 3315 39 grain grain NN 35419 3315 40 . . . 35419 3316 1 Indeed indeed RB 35419 3316 2 , , , 35419 3316 3 some some DT 35419 3316 4 of of IN 35419 3316 5 them -PRON- PRP 35419 3316 6 could could MD 35419 3316 7 not not RB 35419 3316 8 live live VB 35419 3316 9 at at RB 35419 3316 10 all all RB 35419 3316 11 . . . 35419 3317 1 Since since IN 35419 3317 2 by by IN 35419 3317 3 far far RB 35419 3317 4 the the DT 35419 3317 5 greater great JJR 35419 3317 6 number number NN 35419 3317 7 of of IN 35419 3317 8 timber timber NN 35419 3317 9 trees tree NNS 35419 3317 10 grow grow VBP 35419 3317 11 in in IN 35419 3317 12 the the DT 35419 3317 13 forest forest NN 35419 3317 14 , , , 35419 3317 15 in in IN 35419 3317 16 order order NN 35419 3317 17 to to TO 35419 3317 18 understand understand VB 35419 3317 19 the the DT 35419 3317 20 facts fact NNS 35419 3317 21 about about IN 35419 3317 22 trees tree NNS 35419 3317 23 and and CC 35419 3317 24 woods wood NNS 35419 3317 25 , , , 35419 3317 26 it -PRON- PRP 35419 3317 27 is be VBZ 35419 3317 28 necessary necessary JJ 35419 3317 29 to to TO 35419 3317 30 know know VB 35419 3317 31 something something NN 35419 3317 32 about about IN 35419 3317 33 the the DT 35419 3317 34 conditions condition NNS 35419 3317 35 of of IN 35419 3317 36 forest forest NN 35419 3317 37 life life NN 35419 3317 38 . . . 35419 3318 1 A a DT 35419 3318 2 tree tree NN 35419 3318 3 is be VBZ 35419 3318 4 made make VBN 35419 3318 5 up up RP 35419 3318 6 of of IN 35419 3318 7 three three CD 35419 3318 8 distinct distinct JJ 35419 3318 9 parts part NNS 35419 3318 10 : : : 35419 3318 11 ( ( -LRB- 35419 3318 12 1 1 LS 35419 3318 13 ) ) -RRB- 35419 3318 14 the the DT 35419 3318 15 roots root NNS 35419 3318 16 which which WDT 35419 3318 17 anchor anchor VBP 35419 3318 18 it -PRON- PRP 35419 3318 19 in in IN 35419 3318 20 the the DT 35419 3318 21 ground ground NN 35419 3318 22 , , , 35419 3318 23 and and CC 35419 3318 24 draw draw VB 35419 3318 25 its -PRON- PRP$ 35419 3318 26 nourishment nourishment NN 35419 3318 27 from from IN 35419 3318 28 the the DT 35419 3318 29 moist moist JJ 35419 3318 30 soil soil NN 35419 3318 31 ; ; : 35419 3318 32 ( ( -LRB- 35419 3318 33 2 2 LS 35419 3318 34 ) ) -RRB- 35419 3318 35 the the DT 35419 3318 36 trunk trunk NN 35419 3318 37 , , , 35419 3318 38 or or CC 35419 3318 39 bole bole NNP 35419 3318 40 , , , 35419 3318 41 or or CC 35419 3318 42 stem stem NN 35419 3318 43 , , , 35419 3318 44 which which WDT 35419 3318 45 carries carry VBZ 35419 3318 46 the the DT 35419 3318 47 weight weight NN 35419 3318 48 of of IN 35419 3318 49 the the DT 35419 3318 50 branches branch NNS 35419 3318 51 and and CC 35419 3318 52 leaves leave NNS 35419 3318 53 , , , 35419 3318 54 and and CC 35419 3318 55 conveys convey VBZ 35419 3318 56 the the DT 35419 3318 57 nourishment nourishment NN 35419 3318 58 to to IN 35419 3318 59 and and CC 35419 3318 60 from from IN 35419 3318 61 the the DT 35419 3318 62 leaves leave NNS 35419 3318 63 ; ; : 35419 3318 64 ( ( -LRB- 35419 3318 65 3 3 LS 35419 3318 66 ) ) -RRB- 35419 3318 67 the the DT 35419 3318 68 crown crown NN 35419 3318 69 , , , 35419 3318 70 composed compose VBN 35419 3318 71 of of IN 35419 3318 72 the the DT 35419 3318 73 leaves leave NNS 35419 3318 74 , , , 35419 3318 75 the the DT 35419 3318 76 branches branch NNS 35419 3318 77 on on IN 35419 3318 78 which which WDT 35419 3318 79 they -PRON- PRP 35419 3318 80 hang hang VBP 35419 3318 81 , , , 35419 3318 82 and and CC 35419 3318 83 the the DT 35419 3318 84 buds bud NNS 35419 3318 85 at at IN 35419 3318 86 the the DT 35419 3318 87 ends end NNS 35419 3318 88 of of IN 35419 3318 89 the the DT 35419 3318 90 branches branch NNS 35419 3318 91 . . . 35419 3319 1 As as IN 35419 3319 2 trees tree NNS 35419 3319 3 stand stand VBP 35419 3319 4 together together RB 35419 3319 5 in in IN 35419 3319 6 the the DT 35419 3319 7 forest forest NN 35419 3319 8 , , , 35419 3319 9 their -PRON- PRP$ 35419 3319 10 united united NNP 35419 3319 11 crowns crown NNS 35419 3319 12 make make VBP 35419 3319 13 a a DT 35419 3319 14 sort sort NN 35419 3319 15 of of IN 35419 3319 16 canopy canopy NN 35419 3319 17 or or CC 35419 3319 18 cover cover VB 35419 3319 19 , , , 35419 3319 20 Fig Fig NNP 35419 3319 21 . . . 35419 3320 1 55 55 CD 35419 3320 2 , , , 35419 3320 3 which which WDT 35419 3320 4 , , , 35419 3320 5 more more JJR 35419 3320 6 than than IN 35419 3320 7 anything anything NN 35419 3320 8 , , , 35419 3320 9 determines determine VBZ 35419 3320 10 the the DT 35419 3320 11 factors factor NNS 35419 3320 12 affecting affect VBG 35419 3320 13 forest forest NN 35419 3320 14 life life NN 35419 3320 15 , , , 35419 3320 16 viz viz NNP 35419 3320 17 . . NNP 35419 3320 18 , , , 35419 3320 19 the the DT 35419 3320 20 soil soil NN 35419 3320 21 , , , 35419 3320 22 the the DT 35419 3320 23 temperature temperature NN 35419 3320 24 , , , 35419 3320 25 the the DT 35419 3320 26 moisture moisture NN 35419 3320 27 , , , 35419 3320 28 and and CC 35419 3320 29 most most RBS 35419 3320 30 important important JJ 35419 3320 31 of of IN 35419 3320 32 all all DT 35419 3320 33 , , , 35419 3320 34 the the DT 35419 3320 35 light light NN 35419 3320 36 . . . 35419 3321 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 3321 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 3321 3 : : : 35419 3321 4 Fig Fig NNP 35419 3321 5 . . . 35419 3322 1 55 55 CD 35419 3322 2 . . . 35419 3323 1 The the DT 35419 3323 2 Forest Forest NNP 35419 3323 3 Cover Cover NNP 35419 3323 4 . . . 35419 3324 1 Spruce spruce VB 35419 3324 2 Forest Forest NNP 35419 3324 3 , , , 35419 3324 4 Bavaria Bavaria NNP 35419 3324 5 , , , 35419 3324 6 Germany Germany NNP 35419 3324 7 . . . 35419 3325 1 _ _ NNP 35419 3325 2 U. U. NNP 35419 3326 1 S. S. NNP 35419 3326 2 Forest Forest NNP 35419 3326 3 Service Service NNP 35419 3326 4 . . . 35419 3326 5 _ _ NNP 35419 3326 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 3326 7 On on IN 35419 3326 8 the the DT 35419 3326 9 other other JJ 35419 3326 10 hand hand NN 35419 3326 11 , , , 35419 3326 12 every every DT 35419 3326 13 species species NN 35419 3326 14 of of IN 35419 3326 15 tree tree NN 35419 3326 16 has have VBZ 35419 3326 17 its -PRON- PRP$ 35419 3326 18 own own JJ 35419 3326 19 requirements requirement NNS 35419 3326 20 in in IN 35419 3326 21 respect respect NN 35419 3326 22 to to IN 35419 3326 23 these these DT 35419 3326 24 very very JJ 35419 3326 25 factors factor NNS 35419 3326 26 of of IN 35419 3326 27 temperature,--moisture temperature,--moisture NN 35419 3326 28 , , , 35419 3326 29 soil soil NN 35419 3326 30 and and CC 35419 3326 31 light light NN 35419 3326 32 . . . 35419 3327 1 These these DT 35419 3327 2 are be VBP 35419 3327 3 called call VBN 35419 3327 4 its -PRON- PRP$ 35419 3327 5 _ _ NNP 35419 3327 6 silvical silvical JJ 35419 3327 7 characteristics characteristic NNS 35419 3327 8 _ _ NNP 35419 3327 9 . . . 35419 3328 1 SOIL SOIL NNP 35419 3328 2 . . . 35419 3329 1 Some some DT 35419 3329 2 trees tree NNS 35419 3329 3 , , , 35419 3329 4 as as IN 35419 3329 5 black black JJ 35419 3329 6 walnut walnut NNP 35419 3329 7 , , , 35419 3329 8 flourish flourish VB 35419 3329 9 on on IN 35419 3329 10 good good JJ 35419 3329 11 soil soil NN 35419 3329 12 , , , 35419 3329 13 supplanting supplant VBG 35419 3329 14 others other NNS 35419 3329 15 because because IN 35419 3329 16 they -PRON- PRP 35419 3329 17 are be VBP 35419 3329 18 better well RBR 35419 3329 19 able able JJ 35419 3329 20 to to TO 35419 3329 21 make make VB 35419 3329 22 use use NN 35419 3329 23 of of IN 35419 3329 24 the the DT 35419 3329 25 richness richness NN 35419 3329 26 of of IN 35419 3329 27 the the DT 35419 3329 28 soil soil NN 35419 3329 29 ; ; : 35419 3329 30 while while IN 35419 3329 31 some some DT 35419 3329 32 trees tree NNS 35419 3329 33 occupy occupy VBP 35419 3329 34 poor poor JJ 35419 3329 35 soil soil NN 35419 3329 36 because because IN 35419 3329 37 they -PRON- PRP 35419 3329 38 alone alone RB 35419 3329 39 are be VBP 35419 3329 40 able able JJ 35419 3329 41 to to TO 35419 3329 42 live live VB 35419 3329 43 there there RB 35419 3329 44 at at RB 35419 3329 45 all all RB 35419 3329 46 . . . 35419 3330 1 Spruce spruce VB 35419 3330 2 , , , 35419 3330 3 Fig Fig NNP 35419 3330 4 . . . 35419 3331 1 56 56 CD 35419 3331 2 , , , 35419 3331 3 will will MD 35419 3331 4 grow grow VB 35419 3331 5 in in IN 35419 3331 6 the the DT 35419 3331 7 north north NN 35419 3331 8 woods wood NNS 35419 3331 9 on on IN 35419 3331 10 such such JJ 35419 3331 11 poor poor JJ 35419 3331 12 soil soil NN 35419 3331 13 that that IN 35419 3331 14 it -PRON- PRP 35419 3331 15 has have VBZ 35419 3331 16 no no DT 35419 3331 17 competitors competitor NNS 35419 3331 18 , , , 35419 3331 19 and and CC 35419 3331 20 birches birch NNS 35419 3331 21 , , , 35419 3331 22 too too RB 35419 3331 23 , , , 35419 3331 24 will will MD 35419 3331 25 grow grow VB 35419 3331 26 anywhere anywhere RB 35419 3331 27 in in IN 35419 3331 28 the the DT 35419 3331 29 north north NN 35419 3331 30 woods wood NNS 35419 3331 31 . . . 35419 3332 1 In in IN 35419 3332 2 general general JJ 35419 3332 3 , , , 35419 3332 4 it -PRON- PRP 35419 3332 5 is be VBZ 35419 3332 6 true true JJ 35419 3332 7 that that IN 35419 3332 8 mixed mixed JJ 35419 3332 9 forests forest NNS 35419 3332 10 , , , 35419 3332 11 Fig Fig NNP 35419 3332 12 . . . 35419 3333 1 57 57 CD 35419 3333 2 , , , 35419 3333 3 _ _ NNP 35419 3333 4 i.e. i.e. FW 35419 3333 5 _ _ NNP 35419 3333 6 , , , 35419 3333 7 those those DT 35419 3333 8 having have VBG 35419 3333 9 a a DT 35419 3333 10 variety variety NN 35419 3333 11 of of IN 35419 3333 12 species specie NNS 35419 3333 13 , , , 35419 3333 14 grow grow VB 35419 3333 15 on on IN 35419 3333 16 good good JJ 35419 3333 17 loamy loamy NN 35419 3333 18 soil soil NN 35419 3333 19 . . . 35419 3334 1 The the DT 35419 3334 2 great great JJ 35419 3334 3 central central JJ 35419 3334 4 , , , 35419 3334 5 deciduous deciduous JJ 35419 3334 6 Atlantic Atlantic NNP 35419 3334 7 Forest Forest NNP 35419 3334 8 grew grow VBD 35419 3334 9 on on IN 35419 3334 10 such such JJ 35419 3334 11 soil soil NN 35419 3334 12 until until IN 35419 3334 13 it -PRON- PRP 35419 3334 14 was be VBD 35419 3334 15 removed remove VBN 35419 3334 16 to to TO 35419 3334 17 make make VB 35419 3334 18 room room NN 35419 3334 19 for for IN 35419 3334 20 farms farm NNS 35419 3334 21 . . . 35419 3335 1 On on IN 35419 3335 2 the the DT 35419 3335 3 other other JJ 35419 3335 4 hand hand NN 35419 3335 5 , , , 35419 3335 6 pure pure JJ 35419 3335 7 stands--_i.e stands--_i.e NN 35419 3335 8 . . . 35419 3335 9 _ _ NNP 35419 3335 10 , , , 35419 3335 11 forests forest NNS 35419 3335 12 made make VBD 35419 3335 13 up up RP 35419 3335 14 of of IN 35419 3335 15 single single JJ 35419 3335 16 varieties variety NNS 35419 3335 17 -- -- : 35419 3335 18 of of IN 35419 3335 19 pine pine JJ 35419 3335 20 occupy occupy NNP 35419 3335 21 poor poor JJ 35419 3335 22 sandy sandy JJ 35419 3335 23 soil soil NN 35419 3335 24 . . . 35419 3336 1 Within within IN 35419 3336 2 a a DT 35419 3336 3 distance distance NN 35419 3336 4 of of IN 35419 3336 5 a a DT 35419 3336 6 few few JJ 35419 3336 7 yards yard NNS 35419 3336 8 in in IN 35419 3336 9 the the DT 35419 3336 10 midst midst NN 35419 3336 11 of of IN 35419 3336 12 a a DT 35419 3336 13 pure pure JJ 35419 3336 14 stand stand NN 35419 3336 15 of of IN 35419 3336 16 pine pine NN 35419 3336 17 in in IN 35419 3336 18 the the DT 35419 3336 19 south south NN 35419 3336 20 , , , 35419 3336 21 a a DT 35419 3336 22 change change NN 35419 3336 23 in in IN 35419 3336 24 the the DT 35419 3336 25 soil soil NN 35419 3336 26 will will MD 35419 3336 27 produce produce VB 35419 3336 28 a a DT 35419 3336 29 dense dense JJ 35419 3336 30 mixed mixed JJ 35419 3336 31 growth growth NN 35419 3336 32 of of IN 35419 3336 33 broad broad JJ 35419 3336 34 - - HYPH 35419 3336 35 leaves leave NNS 35419 3336 36 and and CC 35419 3336 37 conifers conifer NNS 35419 3336 38 . . . 35419 3337 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 3337 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 3337 3 : : : 35419 3337 4 Fig Fig NNP 35419 3337 5 . . . 35419 3338 1 56 56 CD 35419 3338 2 . . . 35419 3339 1 Virgin Virgin NNP 35419 3339 2 Stand Stand NNP 35419 3339 3 of of IN 35419 3339 4 Red Red NNP 35419 3339 5 Spruce Spruce NNP 35419 3339 6 . . . 35419 3340 1 White White NNP 35419 3340 2 Mountains Mountains NNPS 35419 3340 3 , , , 35419 3340 4 New New NNP 35419 3340 5 Hampshire Hampshire NNP 35419 3340 6 . . . 35419 3341 1 _ _ NNP 35419 3341 2 U. U. NNP 35419 3342 1 S. S. NNP 35419 3342 2 Forest Forest NNP 35419 3342 3 Service Service NNP 35419 3342 4 . . . 35419 3342 5 _ _ NNP 35419 3342 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 3342 7 [ [ -LRB- 35419 3342 8 Illustration illustration NN 35419 3342 9 : : : 35419 3342 10 Fig Fig NNP 35419 3342 11 . . . 35419 3343 1 57 57 CD 35419 3343 2 . . . 35419 3344 1 Typical typical JJ 35419 3344 2 Mixed mixed JJ 35419 3344 3 Forest,--Red Forest,--Red NNP 35419 3344 4 Spruce Spruce NNP 35419 3344 5 , , , 35419 3344 6 Hemlock Hemlock NNP 35419 3344 7 , , , 35419 3344 8 White White NNP 35419 3344 9 Ash Ash NNP 35419 3344 10 , , , 35419 3344 11 Yellow Yellow NNP 35419 3344 12 Birch Birch NNP 35419 3344 13 , , , 35419 3344 14 Balsam Balsam NNP 35419 3344 15 Fir Fir NNP 35419 3344 16 , , , 35419 3344 17 and and CC 35419 3344 18 Red Red NNP 35419 3344 19 Maple Maple NNP 35419 3344 20 . . . 35419 3345 1 Raquette Raquette NNP 35419 3345 2 Lake Lake NNP 35419 3345 3 , , , 35419 3345 4 New New NNP 35419 3345 5 York York NNP 35419 3345 6 . . . 35419 3346 1 _ _ NNP 35419 3346 2 U. U. NNP 35419 3347 1 S. S. NNP 35419 3347 2 Forest Forest NNP 35419 3347 3 Service Service NNP 35419 3347 4 . . . 35419 3347 5 _ _ NNP 35419 3347 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 3347 7 The the DT 35419 3347 8 soil soil NN 35419 3347 9 in in IN 35419 3347 10 the the DT 35419 3347 11 forest forest NN 35419 3347 12 is be VBZ 35419 3347 13 largely largely RB 35419 3347 14 determined determine VBN 35419 3347 15 by by IN 35419 3347 16 the the DT 35419 3347 17 forest forest NN 35419 3347 18 itself -PRON- PRP 35419 3347 19 . . . 35419 3348 1 In in IN 35419 3348 2 addition addition NN 35419 3348 3 to to IN 35419 3348 4 the the DT 35419 3348 5 earth earth NN 35419 3348 6 , , , 35419 3348 7 it -PRON- PRP 35419 3348 8 is be VBZ 35419 3348 9 composed compose VBN 35419 3348 10 of of IN 35419 3348 11 the the DT 35419 3348 12 fallen fall VBN 35419 3348 13 and and CC 35419 3348 14 decayed decay VBN 35419 3348 15 leaves leave NNS 35419 3348 16 and and CC 35419 3348 17 twigs twig NNS 35419 3348 18 and and CC 35419 3348 19 tree tree NN 35419 3348 20 trunks trunk NNS 35419 3348 21 , , , 35419 3348 22 altogether altogether RB 35419 3348 23 called call VBD 35419 3348 24 the the DT 35419 3348 25 _ _ NNP 35419 3348 26 forest forest NN 35419 3348 27 floor floor NN 35419 3348 28 _ _ NNP 35419 3348 29 . . . 35419 3349 1 It -PRON- PRP 35419 3349 2 is be VBZ 35419 3349 3 spongy spongy JJ 35419 3349 4 and and CC 35419 3349 5 hence hence RB 35419 3349 6 has have VBZ 35419 3349 7 the the DT 35419 3349 8 ability ability NN 35419 3349 9 to to TO 35419 3349 10 retain retain VB 35419 3349 11 moisture moisture NN 35419 3349 12 , , , 35419 3349 13 a a DT 35419 3349 14 fact fact NN 35419 3349 15 of of IN 35419 3349 16 great great JJ 35419 3349 17 importance importance NN 35419 3349 18 to to IN 35419 3349 19 the the DT 35419 3349 20 forest forest NN 35419 3349 21 . . . 35419 3350 1 MOISTURE MOISTURE NNP 35419 3350 2 . . . 35419 3351 1 Some some DT 35419 3351 2 trees tree NNS 35419 3351 3 , , , 35419 3351 4 as as IN 35419 3351 5 black black JJ 35419 3351 6 ash ash NN 35419 3351 7 and and CC 35419 3351 8 cypress cypress NN 35419 3351 9 , , , 35419 3351 10 Fig Fig NNP 35419 3351 11 . . . 35419 3352 1 58 58 CD 35419 3352 2 , , , 35419 3352 3 and and CC 35419 3352 4 cotton cotton NN 35419 3352 5 gum gum NN 35419 3352 6 , , , 35419 3352 7 Fig Fig NNP 35419 3352 8 . . . 35419 3353 1 59 59 CD 35419 3353 2 , , , 35419 3353 3 grow grow VB 35419 3353 4 naturally naturally RB 35419 3353 5 only only RB 35419 3353 6 in in IN 35419 3353 7 moist moist JJ 35419 3353 8 places place NNS 35419 3353 9 ; ; : 35419 3353 10 some some DT 35419 3353 11 , , , 35419 3353 12 as as IN 35419 3353 13 the the DT 35419 3353 14 piñon piñon NNP 35419 3353 15 and and CC 35419 3353 16 mesquite mesquite NNP 35419 3353 17 , , , 35419 3353 18 a a DT 35419 3353 19 kind kind NN 35419 3353 20 of of IN 35419 3353 21 locust locust NN 35419 3353 22 , , , 35419 3353 23 grow grow VB 35419 3353 24 only only RB 35419 3353 25 in in IN 35419 3353 26 dry dry JJ 35419 3353 27 places place NNS 35419 3353 28 ; ; : 35419 3353 29 while while IN 35419 3353 30 others other NNS 35419 3353 31 , , , 35419 3353 32 as as IN 35419 3353 33 the the DT 35419 3353 34 juniper juniper NN 35419 3353 35 and and CC 35419 3353 36 Douglas Douglas NNP 35419 3353 37 fir fir NN 35419 3353 38 , , , 35419 3353 39 adapt adapt VBP 35419 3353 40 themselves -PRON- PRP 35419 3353 41 to to IN 35419 3353 42 either either RB 35419 3353 43 . . . 35419 3354 1 Both both DT 35419 3354 2 excessively excessively RB 35419 3354 3 wet wet JJ 35419 3354 4 and and CC 35419 3354 5 dry dry JJ 35419 3354 6 soils soil NNS 35419 3354 7 tend tend VBP 35419 3354 8 to to TO 35419 3354 9 diminish diminish VB 35419 3354 10 the the DT 35419 3354 11 number number NN 35419 3354 12 of of IN 35419 3354 13 kinds kind NNS 35419 3354 14 of of IN 35419 3354 15 trees tree NNS 35419 3354 16 . . . 35419 3355 1 In in IN 35419 3355 2 many many JJ 35419 3355 3 instances instance NNS 35419 3355 4 the the DT 35419 3355 5 demand demand NN 35419 3355 6 for for IN 35419 3355 7 water water NN 35419 3355 8 controls control VBZ 35419 3355 9 the the DT 35419 3355 10 distribution distribution NN 35419 3355 11 altogether altogether RB 35419 3355 12 . . . 35419 3356 1 In in IN 35419 3356 2 the the DT 35419 3356 3 Puget Puget NNP 35419 3356 4 Sound sound NN 35419 3356 5 region region NN 35419 3356 6 , , , 35419 3356 7 where where WRB 35419 3356 8 there there EX 35419 3356 9 is be VBZ 35419 3356 10 a a DT 35419 3356 11 heavy heavy JJ 35419 3356 12 rain rain NN 35419 3356 13 - - HYPH 35419 3356 14 fall fall NN 35419 3356 15 , , , 35419 3356 16 the the DT 35419 3356 17 densest dense JJS 35419 3356 18 forests forest NNS 35419 3356 19 in in IN 35419 3356 20 the the DT 35419 3356 21 world world NN 35419 3356 22 are be VBP 35419 3356 23 found find VBN 35419 3356 24 , , , 35419 3356 25 whereas whereas IN 35419 3356 26 on on IN 35419 3356 27 the the DT 35419 3356 28 eastern eastern JJ 35419 3356 29 slopes slope NNS 35419 3356 30 of of IN 35419 3356 31 the the DT 35419 3356 32 same same JJ 35419 3356 33 mountains mountain NNS 35419 3356 34 , , , 35419 3356 35 altho altho VB 35419 3356 36 the the DT 35419 3356 37 soil soil NN 35419 3356 38 is be VBZ 35419 3356 39 not not RB 35419 3356 40 essentially essentially RB 35419 3356 41 different different JJ 35419 3356 42 , , , 35419 3356 43 there there EX 35419 3356 44 are be VBP 35419 3356 45 very very RB 35419 3356 46 few few JJ 35419 3356 47 trees tree NNS 35419 3356 48 , , , 35419 3356 49 because because IN 35419 3356 50 of of IN 35419 3356 51 the the DT 35419 3356 52 constant constant JJ 35419 3356 53 drouth drouth NN 35419 3356 54 . . . 35419 3357 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 3357 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 3357 3 : : : 35419 3357 4 Fig Fig NNP 35419 3357 5 . . . 35419 3358 1 58 58 CD 35419 3358 2 . . . 35419 3359 1 Cypress Cypress NNP 35419 3359 2 and and CC 35419 3359 3 Cypress Cypress NNP 35419 3359 4 " " `` 35419 3359 5 Knees Knees NNPS 35419 3359 6 . . . 35419 3359 7 " " '' 35419 3360 1 Jasper Jasper NNP 35419 3360 2 Co. Co. NNP 35419 3360 3 , , , 35419 3360 4 Texas Texas NNP 35419 3360 5 . . . 35419 3361 1 _ _ NNP 35419 3361 2 U. U. NNP 35419 3362 1 S. S. NNP 35419 3362 2 Forest Forest NNP 35419 3362 3 Service Service NNP 35419 3362 4 . . . 35419 3362 5 _ _ NNP 35419 3362 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 3362 7 [ [ -LRB- 35419 3362 8 Illustration illustration NN 35419 3362 9 : : : 35419 3362 10 Fig Fig NNP 35419 3362 11 . . . 35419 3363 1 59 59 CD 35419 3363 2 . . . 35419 3364 1 Cotton Cotton NNP 35419 3364 2 Gums Gums NNP 35419 3364 3 , , , 35419 3364 4 Showing show VBG 35419 3364 5 Buttresses buttress NNS 35419 3364 6 . . . 35419 3365 1 St. St. NNP 35419 3365 2 Francis Francis NNP 35419 3365 3 River River NNP 35419 3365 4 , , , 35419 3365 5 Arkansas Arkansas NNP 35419 3365 6 . . . 35419 3366 1 _ _ NNP 35419 3366 2 U. U. NNP 35419 3367 1 S. S. NNP 35419 3367 2 Forest Forest NNP 35419 3367 3 Service Service NNP 35419 3367 4 . . . 35419 3367 5 _ _ NNP 35419 3367 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 3367 7 TEMPERATURE TEMPERATURE NNP 35419 3367 8 . . . 35419 3368 1 The the DT 35419 3368 2 fact fact NN 35419 3368 3 that that IN 35419 3368 4 some some DT 35419 3368 5 trees tree NNS 35419 3368 6 , , , 35419 3368 7 as as IN 35419 3368 8 paper paper NN 35419 3368 9 birch birch NNP 35419 3368 10 and and CC 35419 3368 11 white white JJ 35419 3368 12 spruce spruce NN 35419 3368 13 , , , 35419 3368 14 grow grow VB 35419 3368 15 only only RB 35419 3368 16 in in IN 35419 3368 17 cold cold JJ 35419 3368 18 regions region NNS 35419 3368 19 , , , 35419 3368 20 and and CC 35419 3368 21 some some DT 35419 3368 22 , , , 35419 3368 23 as as IN 35419 3368 24 rubber rubber NN 35419 3368 25 trees tree NNS 35419 3368 26 and and CC 35419 3368 27 cypress cypress NN 35419 3368 28 , , , 35419 3368 29 only only RB 35419 3368 30 in in IN 35419 3368 31 the the DT 35419 3368 32 tropics tropic NNS 35419 3368 33 , , , 35419 3368 34 is be VBZ 35419 3368 35 commonplace commonplace JJ 35419 3368 36 ; ; : 35419 3368 37 but but CC 35419 3368 38 a a DT 35419 3368 39 fact fact NN 35419 3368 40 not not RB 35419 3368 41 so so RB 35419 3368 42 well well RB 35419 3368 43 known known JJ 35419 3368 44 is be VBZ 35419 3368 45 that that IN 35419 3368 46 it -PRON- PRP 35419 3368 47 is be VBZ 35419 3368 48 not not RB 35419 3368 49 the the DT 35419 3368 50 average average JJ 35419 3368 51 temperature temperature NN 35419 3368 52 , , , 35419 3368 53 but but CC 35419 3368 54 the the DT 35419 3368 55 extremes extreme NNS 35419 3368 56 which which WDT 35419 3368 57 largely largely RB 35419 3368 58 determine determine VBP 35419 3368 59 the the DT 35419 3368 60 habitat habitat NN 35419 3368 61 of of IN 35419 3368 62 trees tree NNS 35419 3368 63 of of IN 35419 3368 64 different different JJ 35419 3368 65 kinds kind NNS 35419 3368 66 . . . 35419 3369 1 Trees tree NNS 35419 3369 2 which which WDT 35419 3369 3 would would MD 35419 3369 4 not not RB 35419 3369 5 live live VB 35419 3369 6 at at RB 35419 3369 7 all all RB 35419 3369 8 where where WRB 35419 3369 9 there there EX 35419 3369 10 is be VBZ 35419 3369 11 frost frost NN 35419 3369 12 , , , 35419 3369 13 might may MD 35419 3369 14 flourish flourish VB 35419 3369 15 well well RB 35419 3369 16 in in IN 35419 3369 17 a a DT 35419 3369 18 region region NN 35419 3369 19 where where WRB 35419 3369 20 the the DT 35419 3369 21 average average JJ 35419 3369 22 temperature temperature NN 35419 3369 23 was be VBD 35419 3369 24 considerably considerably RB 35419 3369 25 lower low JJR 35419 3369 26 . . . 35419 3370 1 On on IN 35419 3370 2 the the DT 35419 3370 3 other other JJ 35419 3370 4 hand hand NN 35419 3370 5 , , , 35419 3370 6 provided provide VBD 35419 3370 7 the the DT 35419 3370 8 growing grow VBG 35419 3370 9 season season NN 35419 3370 10 is be VBZ 35419 3370 11 long long JJ 35419 3370 12 enough enough RB 35419 3370 13 for for IN 35419 3370 14 the the DT 35419 3370 15 species specie NNS 35419 3370 16 , , , 35419 3370 17 there there EX 35419 3370 18 is be VBZ 35419 3370 19 no no DT 35419 3370 20 place place NN 35419 3370 21 on on IN 35419 3370 22 earth earth NN 35419 3370 23 too too RB 35419 3370 24 cold cold JJ 35419 3370 25 for for IN 35419 3370 26 trees tree NNS 35419 3370 27 to to TO 35419 3370 28 live live VB 35419 3370 29 . . . 35419 3371 1 Fig fig NN 35419 3371 2 . . . 35419 3372 1 60 60 CD 35419 3372 2 . . . 35419 3373 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 3373 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 3373 3 : : : 35419 3373 4 Fig Fig NNP 35419 3373 5 . . . 35419 3374 1 60 60 CD 35419 3374 2 . . . 35419 3375 1 Northern Northern NNP 35419 3375 2 Forest,--Young Forest,--Young NNP 35419 3375 3 Spruce spruce VB 35419 3375 4 Growing grow VBG 35419 3375 5 Under under IN 35419 3375 6 Yellow Yellow NNP 35419 3375 7 Birch Birch NNP 35419 3375 8 . . . 35419 3376 1 Santa Santa NNP 35419 3376 2 Clara Clara NNP 35419 3376 3 , , , 35419 3376 4 New New NNP 35419 3376 5 York York NNP 35419 3376 6 . . . 35419 3377 1 _ _ NNP 35419 3377 2 U. U. NNP 35419 3378 1 S. S. NNP 35419 3378 2 Forest Forest NNP 35419 3378 3 Service Service NNP 35419 3378 4 . . . 35419 3378 5 _ _ NNP 35419 3378 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 3378 7 In in IN 35419 3378 8 general general JJ 35419 3378 9 , , , 35419 3378 10 cold cold JJ 35419 3378 11 affects affect NNS 35419 3378 12 the the DT 35419 3378 13 forest forest NN 35419 3378 14 just just RB 35419 3378 15 as as IN 35419 3378 16 poor poor JJ 35419 3378 17 soil soil NN 35419 3378 18 and and CC 35419 3378 19 drought drought NN 35419 3378 20 do do VBP 35419 3378 21 , , , 35419 3378 22 simplifying simplify VBG 35419 3378 23 its -PRON- PRP$ 35419 3378 24 composition composition NN 35419 3378 25 and and CC 35419 3378 26 stunting stunt VBG 35419 3378 27 its -PRON- PRP$ 35419 3378 28 growth growth NN 35419 3378 29 . . . 35419 3379 1 In in IN 35419 3379 2 Canada Canada NNP 35419 3379 3 there there EX 35419 3379 4 are be VBP 35419 3379 5 only only RB 35419 3379 6 a a DT 35419 3379 7 few few JJ 35419 3379 8 kinds kind NNS 35419 3379 9 of of IN 35419 3379 10 trees tree NNS 35419 3379 11 , , , 35419 3379 12 of of IN 35419 3379 13 which which WDT 35419 3379 14 the the DT 35419 3379 15 hardwoods hardwood NNS 35419 3379 16 are be VBP 35419 3379 17 stunted stunted JJ 35419 3379 18 ; ; : 35419 3379 19 south south RB 35419 3379 20 of of IN 35419 3379 21 the the DT 35419 3379 22 Great Great NNP 35419 3379 23 Lakes Lakes NNPS 35419 3379 24 , , , 35419 3379 25 there there EX 35419 3379 26 is be VBZ 35419 3379 27 a a DT 35419 3379 28 great great JJ 35419 3379 29 variety variety NN 35419 3379 30 of of IN 35419 3379 31 large large JJ 35419 3379 32 trees tree NNS 35419 3379 33 ; ; : 35419 3379 34 farther farther RB 35419 3379 35 south south RB 35419 3379 36 in in IN 35419 3379 37 the the DT 35419 3379 38 southern southern JJ 35419 3379 39 Appalachian appalachian JJ 35419 3379 40 region region NN 35419 3379 41 , , , 35419 3379 42 there there EX 35419 3379 43 is be VBZ 35419 3379 44 a a DT 35419 3379 45 still still RB 35419 3379 46 greater great JJR 35419 3379 47 variety variety NN 35419 3379 48 , , , 35419 3379 49 and and CC 35419 3379 50 the the DT 35419 3379 51 trees tree NNS 35419 3379 52 are be VBP 35419 3379 53 just just RB 35419 3379 54 as as RB 35419 3379 55 large large JJ 35419 3379 56 ; ; : 35419 3379 57 and and CC 35419 3379 58 still still RB 35419 3379 59 farther far RBR 35419 3379 60 south south RB 35419 3379 61 in in IN 35419 3379 62 tropical tropical JJ 35419 3379 63 Florida Florida NNP 35419 3379 64 , , , 35419 3379 65 there there EX 35419 3379 66 is be VBZ 35419 3379 67 the the DT 35419 3379 68 greatest great JJS 35419 3379 69 variety variety NN 35419 3379 70 of of IN 35419 3379 71 all all DT 35419 3379 72 . . . 35419 3380 1 The the DT 35419 3380 2 slopes slope NNS 35419 3380 3 of of IN 35419 3380 4 a a DT 35419 3380 5 high high JJ 35419 3380 6 mountain mountain NN 35419 3380 7 furnish furnish NN 35419 3380 8 an an DT 35419 3380 9 illustration illustration NN 35419 3380 10 of of IN 35419 3380 11 the the DT 35419 3380 12 effect effect NN 35419 3380 13 of of IN 35419 3380 14 temperature temperature NN 35419 3380 15 . . . 35419 3381 1 In in IN 35419 3381 2 ascending ascend VBG 35419 3381 3 it -PRON- PRP 35419 3381 4 , , , 35419 3381 5 one one PRP 35419 3381 6 may may MD 35419 3381 7 pass pass VB 35419 3381 8 from from IN 35419 3381 9 a a DT 35419 3381 10 tropical tropical JJ 35419 3381 11 forest forest NN 35419 3381 12 at at IN 35419 3381 13 the the DT 35419 3381 14 base base NN 35419 3381 15 , , , 35419 3381 16 thru thru IN 35419 3381 17 a a DT 35419 3381 18 belt belt NN 35419 3381 19 of of IN 35419 3381 20 evergreen evergreen JJ 35419 3381 21 , , , 35419 3381 22 broad broad RB 35419 3381 23 - - HYPH 35419 3381 24 leaved leave VBN 35419 3381 25 trees tree NNS 35419 3381 26 , , , 35419 3381 27 then then RB 35419 3381 28 thru thru IN 35419 3381 29 a a DT 35419 3381 30 belt belt NN 35419 3381 31 of of IN 35419 3381 32 deciduous deciduous JJ 35419 3381 33 broad broad RB 35419 3381 34 - - HYPH 35419 3381 35 leaved leave VBN 35419 3381 36 trees tree NNS 35419 3381 37 , , , 35419 3381 38 then then RB 35419 3381 39 thru thru IN 35419 3381 40 a a DT 35419 3381 41 belt belt NN 35419 3381 42 of of IN 35419 3381 43 conifers conifer NNS 35419 3381 44 and and CC 35419 3381 45 up up RB 35419 3381 46 to to IN 35419 3381 47 the the DT 35419 3381 48 timber timber NN 35419 3381 49 line line NN 35419 3381 50 where where WRB 35419 3381 51 tree tree NN 35419 3381 52 life life NN 35419 3381 53 ceases cease VBZ 35419 3381 54 . . . 35419 3382 1 Figs fig NNS 35419 3382 2 . . . 35419 3383 1 61 61 CD 35419 3383 2 , , , 35419 3383 3 and and CC 35419 3383 4 62 62 CD 35419 3383 5 . . . 35419 3384 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 3384 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 3384 3 : : : 35419 3384 4 Fig Fig NNP 35419 3384 5 . . . 35419 3385 1 61 61 CD 35419 3385 2 . . . 35419 3386 1 Mixed mixed JJ 35419 3386 2 Hardwoods Hardwoods NNPS 35419 3386 3 on on IN 35419 3386 4 Lower low JJR 35419 3386 5 Levels level NNS 35419 3386 6 . . . 35419 3387 1 Spruce spruce VB 35419 3387 2 and and CC 35419 3387 3 Balsam Balsam NNP 35419 3387 4 Dominate Dominate NNP 35419 3387 5 on on IN 35419 3387 6 Higher high JJR 35419 3387 7 Elevations elevation NNS 35419 3387 8 . . . 35419 3388 1 Mt. Mount NNP 35419 3389 1 McIntyre McIntyre NNP 35419 3389 2 , , , 35419 3389 3 Adirondack Adirondack NNP 35419 3389 4 Mountains Mountains NNP 35419 3389 5 , , , 35419 3389 6 New New NNP 35419 3389 7 York York NNP 35419 3389 8 . . . 35419 3390 1 _ _ NNP 35419 3390 2 U. U. NNP 35419 3391 1 S. S. NNP 35419 3391 2 Forest Forest NNP 35419 3391 3 Service Service NNP 35419 3391 4 . . . 35419 3391 5 _ _ NNP 35419 3391 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 3391 7 [ [ -LRB- 35419 3391 8 Illustration illustration NN 35419 3391 9 : : : 35419 3391 10 Fig Fig NNP 35419 3391 11 . . . 35419 3392 1 62 62 CD 35419 3392 2 . . . 35419 3393 1 Scrub scrub JJ 35419 3393 2 Growth Growth NNP 35419 3393 3 on on IN 35419 3393 4 Mountain Mountain NNP 35419 3393 5 Top Top NNP 35419 3393 6 . . . 35419 3394 1 Mt. Mount NNP 35419 3395 1 Webster Webster NNP 35419 3395 2 , , , 35419 3395 3 New New NNP 35419 3395 4 Hampshire Hampshire NNP 35419 3395 5 . . . 35419 3396 1 _ _ NNP 35419 3396 2 U. U. NNP 35419 3397 1 S. S. NNP 35419 3397 2 Forest Forest NNP 35419 3397 3 Service Service NNP 35419 3397 4 . . . 35419 3397 5 _ _ NNP 35419 3397 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 3397 7 LIGHT LIGHT NNP 35419 3397 8 . . . 35419 3398 1 More More JJR 35419 3398 2 than than IN 35419 3398 3 by by IN 35419 3398 4 any any DT 35419 3398 5 other other JJ 35419 3398 6 factor factor NN 35419 3398 7 , , , 35419 3398 8 the the DT 35419 3398 9 growth growth NN 35419 3398 10 of of IN 35419 3398 11 trees tree NNS 35419 3398 12 in in IN 35419 3398 13 a a DT 35419 3398 14 forest forest NN 35419 3398 15 is be VBZ 35419 3398 16 determined determine VBN 35419 3398 17 by by IN 35419 3398 18 the the DT 35419 3398 19 effect effect NN 35419 3398 20 of of IN 35419 3398 21 light light NN 35419 3398 22 . . . 35419 3399 1 All all DT 35419 3399 2 trees tree NNS 35419 3399 3 need need VBP 35419 3399 4 light light NN 35419 3399 5 sooner soon RBR 35419 3399 6 or or CC 35419 3399 7 later later RBR 35419 3399 8 , , , 35419 3399 9 but but CC 35419 3399 10 some some DT 35419 3399 11 trees tree NNS 35419 3399 12 have have VBP 35419 3399 13 much much RB 35419 3399 14 more more JJR 35419 3399 15 ability ability NN 35419 3399 16 than than IN 35419 3399 17 others other NNS 35419 3399 18 to to TO 35419 3399 19 grow grow VB 35419 3399 20 in in IN 35419 3399 21 the the DT 35419 3399 22 shade shade NN 35419 3399 23 when when WRB 35419 3399 24 young young JJ 35419 3399 25 . . . 35419 3400 1 Such such JJ 35419 3400 2 trees tree NNS 35419 3400 3 , , , 35419 3400 4 of of IN 35419 3400 5 which which WDT 35419 3400 6 maple maple NN 35419 3400 7 and and CC 35419 3400 8 spruce spruce NN 35419 3400 9 are be VBP 35419 3400 10 examples example NNS 35419 3400 11 , , , 35419 3400 12 are be VBP 35419 3400 13 called call VBN 35419 3400 14 _ _ NNP 35419 3400 15 tolerant tolerant JJ 35419 3400 16 _ _ NNP 35419 3400 17 , , , 35419 3400 18 while while IN 35419 3400 19 others other NNS 35419 3400 20 , , , 35419 3400 21 for for IN 35419 3400 22 instance instance NN 35419 3400 23 , , , 35419 3400 24 larch larch NN 35419 3400 25 , , , 35419 3400 26 which which WDT 35419 3400 27 will will MD 35419 3400 28 endure endure VB 35419 3400 29 only only RB 35419 3400 30 a a DT 35419 3400 31 comparatively comparatively RB 35419 3400 32 thin thin JJ 35419 3400 33 cover cover NN 35419 3400 34 or or CC 35419 3400 35 none none NN 35419 3400 36 at at RB 35419 3400 37 all all RB 35419 3400 38 , , , 35419 3400 39 are be VBP 35419 3400 40 called call VBN 35419 3400 41 _ _ NNP 35419 3400 42 intolerant intolerant JJ 35419 3400 43 _ _ NNP 35419 3400 44 . . . 35419 3401 1 The the DT 35419 3401 2 leaves leave NNS 35419 3401 3 of of IN 35419 3401 4 tolerant tolerant JJ 35419 3401 5 trees tree NNS 35419 3401 6 endure endure VBP 35419 3401 7 shade shade NN 35419 3401 8 well well UH 35419 3401 9 , , , 35419 3401 10 so so IN 35419 3401 11 that that IN 35419 3401 12 their -PRON- PRP$ 35419 3401 13 inner inner JJ 35419 3401 14 and and CC 35419 3401 15 lower low JJR 35419 3401 16 leaves leave NNS 35419 3401 17 flourish flourish VBP 35419 3401 18 under under IN 35419 3401 19 the the DT 35419 3401 20 shadow shadow NN 35419 3401 21 of of IN 35419 3401 22 their -PRON- PRP$ 35419 3401 23 upper upper JJ 35419 3401 24 and and CC 35419 3401 25 outer outer JJ 35419 3401 26 leaves leave NNS 35419 3401 27 , , , 35419 3401 28 with with IN 35419 3401 29 the the DT 35419 3401 30 result result NN 35419 3401 31 that that IN 35419 3401 32 the the DT 35419 3401 33 whole whole JJ 35419 3401 34 tree tree NN 35419 3401 35 , , , 35419 3401 36 as as IN 35419 3401 37 beech beech NN 35419 3401 38 and and CC 35419 3401 39 maple maple NN 35419 3401 40 , , , 35419 3401 41 makes make VBZ 35419 3401 42 a a DT 35419 3401 43 dense dense JJ 35419 3401 44 shadow shadow NN 35419 3401 45 ; ; : 35419 3401 46 whereas whereas IN 35419 3401 47 the the DT 35419 3401 48 leaves leave NNS 35419 3401 49 of of IN 35419 3401 50 intolerant intolerant JJ 35419 3401 51 trees tree NNS 35419 3401 52 are be VBP 35419 3401 53 either either RB 35419 3401 54 sparse sparse JJ 35419 3401 55 , , , 35419 3401 56 as as IN 35419 3401 57 in in IN 35419 3401 58 the the DT 35419 3401 59 larch larch NN 35419 3401 60 , , , 35419 3401 61 or or CC 35419 3401 62 are be VBP 35419 3401 63 so so RB 35419 3401 64 hung hung JJ 35419 3401 65 that that IN 35419 3401 66 the the DT 35419 3401 67 light light NN 35419 3401 68 sifts sift NNS 35419 3401 69 thru thru IN 35419 3401 70 them -PRON- PRP 35419 3401 71 , , , 35419 3401 72 as as IN 35419 3401 73 in in IN 35419 3401 74 poplar poplar NNP 35419 3401 75 and and CC 35419 3401 76 oak oak NN 35419 3401 77 . . . 35419 3402 1 The the DT 35419 3402 2 spruces spruce NNS 35419 3402 3 and and CC 35419 3402 4 balsam balsam NN 35419 3402 5 fir fir NN 35419 3402 6 have have VBP 35419 3402 7 the the DT 35419 3402 8 remarkable remarkable JJ 35419 3402 9 power power NN 35419 3402 10 of of IN 35419 3402 11 growing grow VBG 35419 3402 12 slowly slowly RB 35419 3402 13 under under IN 35419 3402 14 heavy heavy JJ 35419 3402 15 shade shade NN 35419 3402 16 for for IN 35419 3402 17 many many JJ 35419 3402 18 years year NNS 35419 3402 19 , , , 35419 3402 20 and and CC 35419 3402 21 then then RB 35419 3402 22 of of IN 35419 3402 23 growing grow VBG 35419 3402 24 vigorously vigorously RB 35419 3402 25 when when WRB 35419 3402 26 the the DT 35419 3402 27 light light NN 35419 3402 28 is be VBZ 35419 3402 29 let let VBN 35419 3402 30 in in RP 35419 3402 31 by by IN 35419 3402 32 the the DT 35419 3402 33 fall fall NN 35419 3402 34 of of IN 35419 3402 35 their -PRON- PRP$ 35419 3402 36 overshadowing overshadow VBG 35419 3402 37 neighbors neighbor NNS 35419 3402 38 . . . 35419 3403 1 This this DT 35419 3403 2 can can MD 35419 3403 3 plainly plainly RB 35419 3403 4 be be VB 35419 3403 5 seen see VBN 35419 3403 6 in in IN 35419 3403 7 the the DT 35419 3403 8 cross cross JJ 35419 3403 9 - - NN 35419 3403 10 section section NN 35419 3403 11 of of IN 35419 3403 12 balsam balsam NN 35419 3403 13 fir fir NN 35419 3403 14 , , , 35419 3403 15 Fig Fig NNP 35419 3403 16 . . . 35419 3404 1 63 63 CD 35419 3404 2 , , , 35419 3404 3 where where WRB 35419 3404 4 the the DT 35419 3404 5 narrow narrow JJ 35419 3404 6 annual annual JJ 35419 3404 7 rings ring NNS 35419 3404 8 of of IN 35419 3404 9 the the DT 35419 3404 10 early early JJ 35419 3404 11 growth growth NN 35419 3404 12 , , , 35419 3404 13 are be VBP 35419 3404 14 followed follow VBN 35419 3404 15 by by IN 35419 3404 16 the the DT 35419 3404 17 wider wide JJR 35419 3404 18 ones one NNS 35419 3404 19 of of IN 35419 3404 20 later later JJ 35419 3404 21 growth growth NN 35419 3404 22 . . . 35419 3405 1 A a DT 35419 3405 2 common common JJ 35419 3405 3 sight sight NN 35419 3405 4 in in IN 35419 3405 5 the the DT 35419 3405 6 dense dense JJ 35419 3405 7 woods wood NNS 35419 3405 8 is be VBZ 35419 3405 9 the the DT 35419 3405 10 maple maple NN 35419 3405 11 sending send VBG 35419 3405 12 up up RP 35419 3405 13 a a DT 35419 3405 14 long long JJ 35419 3405 15 , , , 35419 3405 16 spindly spindly JJ 35419 3405 17 stem stem VB 35419 3405 18 thru thru IN 35419 3405 19 the the DT 35419 3405 20 trees tree NNS 35419 3405 21 about about IN 35419 3405 22 it -PRON- PRP 35419 3405 23 and and CC 35419 3405 24 having have VBG 35419 3405 25 at at IN 35419 3405 26 its -PRON- PRP$ 35419 3405 27 top top NN 35419 3405 28 a a DT 35419 3405 29 little little JJ 35419 3405 30 tuft tuft NN 35419 3405 31 of of IN 35419 3405 32 leaves leave NNS 35419 3405 33 , , , 35419 3405 34 Fig Fig NNP 35419 3405 35 . . . 35419 3406 1 64 64 CD 35419 3406 2 . . . 35419 3407 1 By by IN 35419 3407 2 so so RB 35419 3407 3 doing do VBG 35419 3407 4 it -PRON- PRP 35419 3407 5 survives survive VBZ 35419 3407 6 . . . 35419 3408 1 The the DT 35419 3408 2 fact fact NN 35419 3408 3 that that IN 35419 3408 4 a a DT 35419 3408 5 tree tree NN 35419 3408 6 can can MD 35419 3408 7 grow grow VB 35419 3408 8 without without IN 35419 3408 9 shade shade NN 35419 3408 10 often often RB 35419 3408 11 determines determine VBZ 35419 3408 12 its -PRON- PRP$ 35419 3408 13 possession possession NN 35419 3408 14 of of IN 35419 3408 15 a a DT 35419 3408 16 burnt burn VBN 35419 3408 17 - - HYPH 35419 3408 18 over over RP 35419 3408 19 tract tract NN 35419 3408 20 . . . 35419 3409 1 The the DT 35419 3409 2 order order NN 35419 3409 3 in in IN 35419 3409 4 the the DT 35419 3409 5 North North NNP 35419 3409 6 Woods Woods NNP 35419 3409 7 after after IN 35419 3409 8 a a DT 35419 3409 9 fire fire NN 35419 3409 10 is be VBZ 35419 3409 11 commonly commonly RB 35419 3409 12 , , , 35419 3409 13 first first RB 35419 3409 14 , , , 35419 3409 15 a a DT 35419 3409 16 growth growth NN 35419 3409 17 of of IN 35419 3409 18 fire fire NN 35419 3409 19 weed weed NN 35419 3409 20 , , , 35419 3409 21 then then RB 35419 3409 22 raspberries raspberry NNS 35419 3409 23 or or CC 35419 3409 24 blackberries blackberry NNS 35419 3409 25 , , , 35419 3409 26 then then RB 35419 3409 27 aspen aspen NNP 35419 3409 28 , , , 35419 3409 29 a a DT 35419 3409 30 very very RB 35419 3409 31 intolerant intolerant JJ 35419 3409 32 tree tree NN 35419 3409 33 whose whose WP$ 35419 3409 34 light light JJ 35419 3409 35 shade shade NN 35419 3409 36 in in IN 35419 3409 37 turn turn NN 35419 3409 38 permits permit VBZ 35419 3409 39 under under IN 35419 3409 40 it -PRON- PRP 35419 3409 41 the the DT 35419 3409 42 growth growth NN 35419 3409 43 of of IN 35419 3409 44 the the DT 35419 3409 45 spruce spruce NN 35419 3409 46 , , , 35419 3409 47 to to TO 35419 3409 48 which which WDT 35419 3409 49 it -PRON- PRP 35419 3409 50 is be VBZ 35419 3409 51 a a DT 35419 3409 52 " " `` 35419 3409 53 nurse nurse NN 35419 3409 54 , , , 35419 3409 55 " " '' 35419 3409 56 Fig fig NN 35419 3409 57 . . . 35419 3410 1 65 65 CD 35419 3410 2 . . . 35419 3411 1 In in IN 35419 3411 2 general general JJ 35419 3411 3 it -PRON- PRP 35419 3411 4 may may MD 35419 3411 5 be be VB 35419 3411 6 said say VBN 35419 3411 7 that that IN 35419 3411 8 all all DT 35419 3411 9 seedling seedle VBG 35419 3411 10 conifers conifer NNS 35419 3411 11 require require VBP 35419 3411 12 some some DT 35419 3411 13 shade shade NN 35419 3411 14 the the DT 35419 3411 15 first first JJ 35419 3411 16 two two CD 35419 3411 17 years year NNS 35419 3411 18 , , , 35419 3411 19 while while IN 35419 3411 20 hardwoods hardwood NNS 35419 3411 21 in in IN 35419 3411 22 temperate temperate NN 35419 3411 23 climates climate VBZ 35419 3411 24 , , , 35419 3411 25 as as IN 35419 3411 26 a a DT 35419 3411 27 rule rule NN 35419 3411 28 , , , 35419 3411 29 do do VB 35419 3411 30 not not RB 35419 3411 31 . . . 35419 3412 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 3412 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 3412 3 : : : 35419 3412 4 Fig Fig NNP 35419 3412 5 . . . 35419 3413 1 63 63 CD 35419 3413 2 . . . 35419 3414 1 Cross cross VB 35419 3414 2 section section NN 35419 3414 3 of of IN 35419 3414 4 Balsam Balsam NNP 35419 3414 5 Fir Fir NNP 35419 3414 6 , , , 35419 3414 7 Showing show VBG 35419 3414 8 Fast fast JJ 35419 3414 9 Growth growth NN 35419 3414 10 After after IN 35419 3414 11 Years year NNS 35419 3414 12 of of IN 35419 3414 13 Suppression suppression NN 35419 3414 14 . . . 35419 3415 1 Notice notice VB 35419 3415 2 the the DT 35419 3415 3 width width NN 35419 3415 4 of of IN 35419 3415 5 the the DT 35419 3415 6 annual annual JJ 35419 3415 7 rings ring NNS 35419 3415 8 in in IN 35419 3415 9 later later JJ 35419 3415 10 age age NN 35419 3415 11 compared compare VBN 35419 3415 12 with with IN 35419 3415 13 early early RB 35419 3415 14 . . . 35419 3416 1 _ _ NNP 35419 3416 2 U. U. NNP 35419 3417 1 S. S. NNP 35419 3417 2 Forest Forest NNP 35419 3417 3 Service Service NNP 35419 3417 4 . . . 35419 3417 5 _ _ NNP 35419 3417 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 3417 7 [ [ -LRB- 35419 3417 8 Illustration illustration NN 35419 3417 9 : : : 35419 3417 10 Fig Fig NNP 35419 3417 11 . . . 35419 3418 1 64 64 CD 35419 3418 2 . . . 35419 3419 1 Tolerant tolerant JJ 35419 3419 2 Maple Maple NNP 35419 3419 3 . . . 35419 3420 1 The the DT 35419 3420 2 trees tree NNS 35419 3420 3 are be VBP 35419 3420 4 too too RB 35419 3420 5 slender slend JJR 35419 3420 6 to to TO 35419 3420 7 stand stand VB 35419 3420 8 alone alone RB 35419 3420 9 . . . 35419 3421 1 _ _ NNP 35419 3421 2 U. U. NNP 35419 3422 1 S. S. NNP 35419 3422 2 Forest Forest NNP 35419 3422 3 Service Service NNP 35419 3422 4 . . . 35419 3422 5 _ _ NNP 35419 3422 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 3422 7 [ [ -LRB- 35419 3422 8 Illustration illustration NN 35419 3422 9 : : : 35419 3422 10 Fig Fig NNP 35419 3422 11 . . . 35419 3423 1 65 65 CD 35419 3423 2 . . . 35419 3424 1 Intolerant Intolerant NNP 35419 3424 2 Aspen Aspen NNP 35419 3424 3 , , , 35419 3424 4 a a DT 35419 3424 5 " " `` 35419 3424 6 nurse nurse NN 35419 3424 7 " " '' 35419 3424 8 of of IN 35419 3424 9 Tolerant Tolerant NNP 35419 3424 10 Spruce Spruce NNP 35419 3424 11 . . . 35419 3424 12 _ _ NNP 35419 3424 13 U. U. NNP 35419 3424 14 S. S. NNP 35419 3424 15 Forest Forest NNP 35419 3424 16 Service Service NNP 35419 3424 17 . . . 35419 3424 18 _ _ NNP 35419 3424 19 ] ] -RRB- 35419 3424 20 This this DT 35419 3424 21 matter matter NN 35419 3424 22 of of IN 35419 3424 23 tolerance tolerance NN 35419 3424 24 has have VBZ 35419 3424 25 also also RB 35419 3424 26 much much JJ 35419 3424 27 to to TO 35419 3424 28 do do VB 35419 3424 29 with with IN 35419 3424 30 the the DT 35419 3424 31 branching branching NN 35419 3424 32 of of IN 35419 3424 33 trees tree NNS 35419 3424 34 . . . 35419 3425 1 The the DT 35419 3425 2 leaves leave NNS 35419 3425 3 on on IN 35419 3425 4 the the DT 35419 3425 5 lower low JJR 35419 3425 6 branches branch NNS 35419 3425 7 of of IN 35419 3425 8 an an DT 35419 3425 9 intolerant intolerant JJ 35419 3425 10 tree tree NN 35419 3425 11 will will MD 35419 3425 12 not not RB 35419 3425 13 thrive thrive VB 35419 3425 14 , , , 35419 3425 15 with with IN 35419 3425 16 the the DT 35419 3425 17 result result NN 35419 3425 18 that that IN 35419 3425 19 those those DT 35419 3425 20 branches branch NNS 35419 3425 21 die die VBP 35419 3425 22 and and CC 35419 3425 23 later later RB 35419 3425 24 drop drop VB 35419 3425 25 off off RP 35419 3425 26 . . . 35419 3426 1 This this DT 35419 3426 2 is be VBZ 35419 3426 3 called call VBN 35419 3426 4 " " `` 35419 3426 5 cleaning cleaning NN 35419 3426 6 , , , 35419 3426 7 " " '' 35419 3426 8 or or CC 35419 3426 9 natural natural JJ 35419 3426 10 pruning pruning NN 35419 3426 11 . . . 35419 3427 1 Intolerant intolerant JJ 35419 3427 2 trees tree NNS 35419 3427 3 , , , 35419 3427 4 like like IN 35419 3427 5 aspen aspen NN 35419 3427 6 and and CC 35419 3427 7 tulip tulip NN 35419 3427 8 , , , 35419 3427 9 Fig Fig NNP 35419 3427 10 . . . 35419 3428 1 66 66 CD 35419 3428 2 , , , 35419 3428 3 clean clean VB 35419 3428 4 themselves -PRON- PRP 35419 3428 5 well well RB 35419 3428 6 and and CC 35419 3428 7 hence hence RB 35419 3428 8 grow grow VB 35419 3428 9 with with IN 35419 3428 10 long long JJ 35419 3428 11 , , , 35419 3428 12 straight straight JJ 35419 3428 13 boles bole NNS 35419 3428 14 , , , 35419 3428 15 while while IN 35419 3428 16 tolerant tolerant JJ 35419 3428 17 trees tree NNS 35419 3428 18 , , , 35419 3428 19 like like IN 35419 3428 20 spruce spruce NN 35419 3428 21 and and CC 35419 3428 22 fir fir NN 35419 3428 23 , , , 35419 3428 24 retain retain VBP 35419 3428 25 their -PRON- PRP$ 35419 3428 26 branches branch NNS 35419 3428 27 longer long RBR 35419 3428 28 . . . 35419 3429 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 3429 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 3429 3 : : : 35419 3429 4 Fig Fig NNP 35419 3429 5 . . . 35419 3430 1 66 66 CD 35419 3430 2 . . . 35419 3431 1 Intolerant Intolerant NNP 35419 3431 2 Tulip Tulip NNP 35419 3431 3 . . . 35419 3432 1 Notice notice VB 35419 3432 2 the the DT 35419 3432 3 long long JJ 35419 3432 4 , , , 35419 3432 5 straight straight JJ 35419 3432 6 boles bole NNS 35419 3432 7 . . . 35419 3433 1 _ _ NNP 35419 3433 2 U. U. NNP 35419 3434 1 S. S. NNP 35419 3434 2 Forest Forest NNP 35419 3434 3 Service Service NNP 35419 3434 4 . . . 35419 3434 5 _ _ NNP 35419 3434 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 3434 7 The the DT 35419 3434 8 distribution distribution NN 35419 3434 9 of of IN 35419 3434 10 a a DT 35419 3434 11 species species NN 35419 3434 12 may may MD 35419 3434 13 also also RB 35419 3434 14 be be VB 35419 3434 15 determined determine VBN 35419 3434 16 by by IN 35419 3434 17 geographical geographical JJ 35419 3434 18 barriers barrier NNS 35419 3434 19 , , , 35419 3434 20 like like IN 35419 3434 21 mountain mountain NN 35419 3434 22 ranges range NNS 35419 3434 23 and and CC 35419 3434 24 oceans ocean NNS 35419 3434 25 . . . 35419 3435 1 This this DT 35419 3435 2 is be VBZ 35419 3435 3 why why WRB 35419 3435 4 the the DT 35419 3435 5 western western JJ 35419 3435 6 forests forest NNS 35419 3435 7 differ differ VBP 35419 3435 8 radically radically RB 35419 3435 9 from from IN 35419 3435 10 the the DT 35419 3435 11 eastern eastern JJ 35419 3435 12 forests forest NNS 35419 3435 13 and and CC 35419 3435 14 why why WRB 35419 3435 15 the the DT 35419 3435 16 forest forest NN 35419 3435 17 of of IN 35419 3435 18 Australasia Australasia NNP 35419 3435 19 is be VBZ 35419 3435 20 sharply sharply RB 35419 3435 21 distinct distinct JJ 35419 3435 22 from from IN 35419 3435 23 any any DT 35419 3435 24 other other JJ 35419 3435 25 forest forest NN 35419 3435 26 in in IN 35419 3435 27 the the DT 35419 3435 28 world world NN 35419 3435 29 . . . 35419 3436 1 Any any DT 35419 3436 2 one one CD 35419 3436 3 or or CC 35419 3436 4 several several JJ 35419 3436 5 of of IN 35419 3436 6 these these DT 35419 3436 7 factors factor NNS 35419 3436 8 , , , 35419 3436 9 soil soil NN 35419 3436 10 , , , 35419 3436 11 moisture moisture NN 35419 3436 12 , , , 35419 3436 13 heat heat NN 35419 3436 14 , , , 35419 3436 15 and and CC 35419 3436 16 light light NN 35419 3436 17 , , , 35419 3436 18 may may MD 35419 3436 19 be be VB 35419 3436 20 the the DT 35419 3436 21 determining determine VBG 35419 3436 22 factor factor NN 35419 3436 23 in in IN 35419 3436 24 the the DT 35419 3436 25 make make NN 35419 3436 26 - - HYPH 35419 3436 27 up up NN 35419 3436 28 of of IN 35419 3436 29 a a DT 35419 3436 30 forest forest NN 35419 3436 31 , , , 35419 3436 32 or or CC 35419 3436 33 it -PRON- PRP 35419 3436 34 may may MD 35419 3436 35 be be VB 35419 3436 36 that that IN 35419 3436 37 a a DT 35419 3436 38 particular particular JJ 35419 3436 39 tree tree NN 35419 3436 40 may may MD 35419 3436 41 survive survive VB 35419 3436 42 , , , 35419 3436 43 because because IN 35419 3436 44 of of IN 35419 3436 45 a a DT 35419 3436 46 faster fast JJR 35419 3436 47 rate rate NN 35419 3436 48 of of IN 35419 3436 49 growth growth NN 35419 3436 50 , , , 35419 3436 51 thus thus RB 35419 3436 52 enabling enable VBG 35419 3436 53 it -PRON- PRP 35419 3436 54 to to TO 35419 3436 55 overtop overtop VB 35419 3436 56 its -PRON- PRP$ 35419 3436 57 fellows fellow NNS 35419 3436 58 and and CC 35419 3436 59 cut cut VBD 35419 3436 60 off off RP 35419 3436 61 their -PRON- PRP$ 35419 3436 62 light light NN 35419 3436 63 . . . 35419 3437 1 The the DT 35419 3437 2 struggle struggle NN 35419 3437 3 for for IN 35419 3437 4 survival survival NN 35419 3437 5 is be VBZ 35419 3437 6 constant constant JJ 35419 3437 7 , , , 35419 3437 8 and and CC 35419 3437 9 that that IN 35419 3437 10 tree tree NN 35419 3437 11 survives survive VBZ 35419 3437 12 which which WDT 35419 3437 13 can can MD 35419 3437 14 take take VB 35419 3437 15 the the DT 35419 3437 16 best good JJS 35419 3437 17 advantage advantage NN 35419 3437 18 of of IN 35419 3437 19 the the DT 35419 3437 20 existent existent NN 35419 3437 21 conditions condition NNS 35419 3437 22 . . . 35419 3438 1 Besides besides IN 35419 3438 2 these these DT 35419 3438 3 topographical topographical JJ 35419 3438 4 and and CC 35419 3438 5 climatic climatic JJ 35419 3438 6 factors factor NNS 35419 3438 7 which which WDT 35419 3438 8 help help VBP 35419 3438 9 determine determine VB 35419 3438 10 the the DT 35419 3438 11 distribution distribution NN 35419 3438 12 of of IN 35419 3438 13 trees tree NNS 35419 3438 14 , , , 35419 3438 15 a a DT 35419 3438 16 very very RB 35419 3438 17 important important JJ 35419 3438 18 factor factor NN 35419 3438 19 is be VBZ 35419 3438 20 the the DT 35419 3438 21 historical historical JJ 35419 3438 22 one one CD 35419 3438 23 . . . 35419 3439 1 For for IN 35419 3439 2 example example NN 35419 3439 3 , , , 35419 3439 4 the the DT 35419 3439 5 only only JJ 35419 3439 6 reason reason NN 35419 3439 7 by by IN 35419 3439 8 which which WDT 35419 3439 9 the the DT 35419 3439 10 location location NN 35419 3439 11 of of IN 35419 3439 12 the the DT 35419 3439 13 few few JJ 35419 3439 14 isolated isolated JJ 35419 3439 15 groves grove NNS 35419 3439 16 of of IN 35419 3439 17 big big JJ 35419 3439 18 trees tree NNS 35419 3439 19 in in IN 35419 3439 20 California California NNP 35419 3439 21 can can MD 35419 3439 22 be be VB 35419 3439 23 accounted account VBN 35419 3439 24 for for IN 35419 3439 25 is be VBZ 35419 3439 26 the the DT 35419 3439 27 rise rise NN 35419 3439 28 and and CC 35419 3439 29 fall fall NN 35419 3439 30 of of IN 35419 3439 31 glacial glacial JJ 35419 3439 32 sheets sheet NNS 35419 3439 33 , , , 35419 3439 34 which which WDT 35419 3439 35 left leave VBD 35419 3439 36 them -PRON- PRP 35419 3439 37 , , , 35419 3439 38 as as IN 35419 3439 39 it -PRON- PRP 35419 3439 40 were be VBD 35419 3439 41 , , , 35419 3439 42 islands island NNS 35419 3439 43 stranded strand VBN 35419 3439 44 in in IN 35419 3439 45 a a DT 35419 3439 46 sea sea NN 35419 3439 47 of of IN 35419 3439 48 ice ice NN 35419 3439 49 . . . 35419 3440 1 As as IN 35419 3440 2 the the DT 35419 3440 3 glaciers glacier NNS 35419 3440 4 retreated retreat VBD 35419 3440 5 , , , 35419 3440 6 the the DT 35419 3440 7 region region NN 35419 3440 8 gradually gradually RB 35419 3440 9 became become VBD 35419 3440 10 re re JJ 35419 3440 11 - - VBN 35419 3440 12 forested forested JJ 35419 3440 13 , , , 35419 3440 14 those those DT 35419 3440 15 trees tree NNS 35419 3440 16 coming come VBG 35419 3440 17 up up RP 35419 3440 18 first first RB 35419 3440 19 which which WDT 35419 3440 20 were be VBD 35419 3440 21 best good JJS 35419 3440 22 able able JJ 35419 3440 23 to to TO 35419 3440 24 take take VB 35419 3440 25 advantage advantage NN 35419 3440 26 of of IN 35419 3440 27 the the DT 35419 3440 28 conditions condition NNS 35419 3440 29 , , , 35419 3440 30 whether whether IN 35419 3440 31 due due IN 35419 3440 32 to to IN 35419 3440 33 the the DT 35419 3440 34 character character NN 35419 3440 35 of of IN 35419 3440 36 their -PRON- PRP$ 35419 3440 37 seeds seed NNS 35419 3440 38 , , , 35419 3440 39 their -PRON- PRP$ 35419 3440 40 tolerance tolerance NN 35419 3440 41 , , , 35419 3440 42 their -PRON- PRP$ 35419 3440 43 endurance endurance NN 35419 3440 44 of of IN 35419 3440 45 moisture moisture NN 35419 3440 46 or or CC 35419 3440 47 whatever whatever WDT 35419 3440 48 . . . 35419 3441 1 This this DT 35419 3441 2 process process NN 35419 3441 3 is be VBZ 35419 3441 4 still still RB 35419 3441 5 going go VBG 35419 3441 6 on on RP 35419 3441 7 and and CC 35419 3441 8 hardwoods hardwood NNS 35419 3441 9 are be VBP 35419 3441 10 probably probably RB 35419 3441 11 gaining gain VBG 35419 3441 12 ground ground NN 35419 3441 13 . . . 35419 3442 1 Besides besides IN 35419 3442 2 these these DT 35419 3442 3 external external JJ 35419 3442 4 factors factor NNS 35419 3442 5 which which WDT 35419 3442 6 determine determine VBP 35419 3442 7 the the DT 35419 3442 8 composition composition NN 35419 3442 9 and and CC 35419 3442 10 organic organic JJ 35419 3442 11 life life NN 35419 3442 12 of of IN 35419 3442 13 the the DT 35419 3442 14 forest forest NN 35419 3442 15 , , , 35419 3442 16 the the DT 35419 3442 17 trees tree NNS 35419 3442 18 themselves -PRON- PRP 35419 3442 19 furnish furnish VBP 35419 3442 20 an an DT 35419 3442 21 important important JJ 35419 3442 22 factor factor NN 35419 3442 23 in in IN 35419 3442 24 their -PRON- PRP$ 35419 3442 25 methods method NNS 35419 3442 26 of of IN 35419 3442 27 reproduction reproduction NN 35419 3442 28 . . . 35419 3443 1 These these DT 35419 3443 2 , , , 35419 3443 3 in in IN 35419 3443 4 general general JJ 35419 3443 5 , , , 35419 3443 6 are be VBP 35419 3443 7 two two CD 35419 3443 8 , , , 35419 3443 9 ( ( -LRB- 35419 3443 10 1 1 LS 35419 3443 11 ) ) -RRB- 35419 3443 12 by by IN 35419 3443 13 sprouts sprout NNS 35419 3443 14 , , , 35419 3443 15 and and CC 35419 3443 16 ( ( -LRB- 35419 3443 17 2 2 LS 35419 3443 18 ) ) -RRB- 35419 3443 19 by by IN 35419 3443 20 seeds seed NNS 35419 3443 21 . . . 35419 3444 1 ( ( -LRB- 35419 3444 2 1 1 LS 35419 3444 3 ) ) -RRB- 35419 3444 4 Most Most JJS 35419 3444 5 conifers conifer NNS 35419 3444 6 have have VBP 35419 3444 7 no no DT 35419 3444 8 power power NN 35419 3444 9 of of IN 35419 3444 10 sprouting sprouting NN 35419 3444 11 . . . 35419 3445 1 The the DT 35419 3445 2 chief chief JJ 35419 3445 3 exceptions exception NNS 35419 3445 4 are be VBP 35419 3445 5 pitch pitch NN 35419 3445 6 pine pine NN 35419 3445 7 and and CC 35419 3445 8 , , , 35419 3445 9 to to IN 35419 3445 10 a a DT 35419 3445 11 remarkable remarkable JJ 35419 3445 12 degree degree NN 35419 3445 13 , , , 35419 3445 14 the the DT 35419 3445 15 redwood redwood NN 35419 3445 16 , , , 35419 3445 17 Fig Fig NNP 35419 3445 18 . . . 35419 3446 1 67 67 CD 35419 3446 2 . . . 35419 3447 1 This this DT 35419 3447 2 power power NN 35419 3447 3 , , , 35419 3447 4 however however RB 35419 3447 5 , , , 35419 3447 6 is be VBZ 35419 3447 7 common common JJ 35419 3447 8 in in IN 35419 3447 9 broad broad RB 35419 3447 10 - - HYPH 35419 3447 11 leaved leave VBN 35419 3447 12 trees tree NNS 35419 3447 13 , , , 35419 3447 14 as as IN 35419 3447 15 may may MD 35419 3447 16 be be VB 35419 3447 17 seen see VBN 35419 3447 18 after after IN 35419 3447 19 a a DT 35419 3447 20 fire fire NN 35419 3447 21 has have VBZ 35419 3447 22 swept sweep VBN 35419 3447 23 thru thru IN 35419 3447 24 second second JJ 35419 3447 25 growth growth NN 35419 3447 26 , , , 35419 3447 27 hardwood hardwood NN 35419 3447 28 timber timber NN 35419 3447 29 . . . 35419 3448 1 Altho altho VB 35419 3448 2 all all PDT 35419 3448 3 the the DT 35419 3448 4 young young JJ 35419 3448 5 trees tree NNS 35419 3448 6 are be VBP 35419 3448 7 killed kill VBN 35419 3448 8 down down RP 35419 3448 9 to to IN 35419 3448 10 the the DT 35419 3448 11 ground ground NN 35419 3448 12 , , , 35419 3448 13 the the DT 35419 3448 14 young young JJ 35419 3448 15 sprouts sprout NNS 35419 3448 16 spring spring VBP 35419 3448 17 up up RP 35419 3448 18 from from IN 35419 3448 19 the the DT 35419 3448 20 still still RB 35419 3448 21 living live VBG 35419 3448 22 roots root NNS 35419 3448 23 . . . 35419 3449 1 This this DT 35419 3449 2 may may MD 35419 3449 3 happen happen VB 35419 3449 4 repeatedly repeatedly RB 35419 3449 5 . . . 35419 3450 1 Coppice coppice NN 35419 3450 2 woods wood NNS 35419 3450 3 , , , 35419 3450 4 as as IN 35419 3450 5 of of IN 35419 3450 6 chestnut chestnut NN 35419 3450 7 and and CC 35419 3450 8 oak oak NN 35419 3450 9 , , , 35419 3450 10 which which WDT 35419 3450 11 sprout sprout VBP 35419 3450 12 with with IN 35419 3450 13 great great JJ 35419 3450 14 freedom freedom NN 35419 3450 15 , , , 35419 3450 16 are be VBP 35419 3450 17 the the DT 35419 3450 18 result result NN 35419 3450 19 of of IN 35419 3450 20 this this DT 35419 3450 21 ability ability NN 35419 3450 22 . . . 35419 3451 1 The the DT 35419 3451 2 wood wood NN 35419 3451 3 is be VBZ 35419 3451 4 poor poor JJ 35419 3451 5 so so IN 35419 3451 6 that that IN 35419 3451 7 it -PRON- PRP 35419 3451 8 is be VBZ 35419 3451 9 chiefly chiefly RB 35419 3451 10 used use VBN 35419 3451 11 for for IN 35419 3451 12 fuel fuel NN 35419 3451 13 . . . 35419 3452 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 3452 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 3452 3 : : : 35419 3452 4 Fig Fig NNP 35419 3452 5 . . . 35419 3453 1 67 67 CD 35419 3453 2 . . . 35419 3454 1 Sprouting sprout VBG 35419 3454 2 Redwood Redwood NNP 35419 3454 3 Stumps Stumps NNPS 35419 3454 4 . . . 35419 3455 1 Glen Glen NNP 35419 3455 2 Blair Blair NNP 35419 3455 3 , , , 35419 3455 4 Calif. California NNP 35419 3455 5 _ _ NNP 35419 3455 6 U. U. NNP 35419 3456 1 S. S. NNP 35419 3456 2 Forest Forest NNP 35419 3456 3 Service Service NNP 35419 3456 4 . . . 35419 3456 5 _ _ NNP 35419 3456 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 3456 7 ( ( -LRB- 35419 3456 8 2 2 LS 35419 3456 9 ) ) -RRB- 35419 3456 10 Most Most JJS 35419 3456 11 trees tree NNS 35419 3456 12 , , , 35419 3456 13 however however RB 35419 3456 14 , , , 35419 3456 15 are be VBP 35419 3456 16 reproduced reproduce VBN 35419 3456 17 by by IN 35419 3456 18 seeds seed NNS 35419 3456 19 . . . 35419 3457 1 Trees tree NNS 35419 3457 2 yield yield VBP 35419 3457 3 these these DT 35419 3457 4 in in IN 35419 3457 5 great great JJ 35419 3457 6 abundance abundance NN 35419 3457 7 , , , 35419 3457 8 to to TO 35419 3457 9 provide provide VB 35419 3457 10 for for IN 35419 3457 11 waste,--nature waste,--nature NNP 35419 3457 12 's 's POS 35419 3457 13 method method NN 35419 3457 14 . . . 35419 3458 1 Many many JJ 35419 3458 2 seeds seed NNS 35419 3458 3 never never RB 35419 3458 4 ripen ripen VBP 35419 3458 5 , , , 35419 3458 6 many many JJ 35419 3458 7 perish perish NN 35419 3458 8 , , , 35419 3458 9 many many JJ 35419 3458 10 are be VBP 35419 3458 11 eaten eat VBN 35419 3458 12 by by IN 35419 3458 13 animals animal NNS 35419 3458 14 , , , 35419 3458 15 many many JJ 35419 3458 16 fall fall NN 35419 3458 17 on on IN 35419 3458 18 barren barren JJ 35419 3458 19 ground ground NN 35419 3458 20 or or CC 35419 3458 21 rocks rock NNS 35419 3458 22 , , , 35419 3458 23 and and CC 35419 3458 24 many many JJ 35419 3458 25 sprout sprout NN 35419 3458 26 , , , 35419 3458 27 only only RB 35419 3458 28 to to TO 35419 3458 29 die die VB 35419 3458 30 . . . 35419 3459 1 The the DT 35419 3459 2 weight weight NN 35419 3459 3 of of IN 35419 3459 4 seeds seed NNS 35419 3459 5 has have VBZ 35419 3459 6 much much JJ 35419 3459 7 to to TO 35419 3459 8 do do VB 35419 3459 9 with with IN 35419 3459 10 their -PRON- PRP$ 35419 3459 11 distribution distribution NN 35419 3459 12 . . . 35419 3460 1 Heavy heavy JJ 35419 3460 2 seeds seed NNS 35419 3460 3 like like IN 35419 3460 4 acorns acorn NNS 35419 3460 5 , , , 35419 3460 6 chestnuts chestnut NNS 35419 3460 7 , , , 35419 3460 8 hickory hickory NN 35419 3460 9 and and CC 35419 3460 10 other other JJ 35419 3460 11 nuts nut NNS 35419 3460 12 , , , 35419 3460 13 grow grow VB 35419 3460 14 where where WRB 35419 3460 15 they -PRON- PRP 35419 3460 16 fall fall VBP 35419 3460 17 , , , 35419 3460 18 unless unless IN 35419 3460 19 carried carry VBN 35419 3460 20 down down RP 35419 3460 21 hill hill NN 35419 3460 22 by by IN 35419 3460 23 gravity gravity NN 35419 3460 24 or or CC 35419 3460 25 by by IN 35419 3460 26 water water NN 35419 3460 27 , , , 35419 3460 28 or or CC 35419 3460 29 scattered scatter VBN 35419 3460 30 by by IN 35419 3460 31 birds bird NNS 35419 3460 32 and and CC 35419 3460 33 squirrels squirrel NNS 35419 3460 34 . . . 35419 3461 1 Trees tree NNS 35419 3461 2 with with IN 35419 3461 3 winged wing VBN 35419 3461 4 seeds seed NNS 35419 3461 5 , , , 35419 3461 6 however however RB 35419 3461 7 , , , 35419 3461 8 Fig Fig NNP 35419 3461 9 . . . 35419 3462 1 68 68 CD 35419 3462 2 , , , 35419 3462 3 as as IN 35419 3462 4 bass bass NN 35419 3462 5 , , , 35419 3462 6 maple maple NN 35419 3462 7 and and CC 35419 3462 8 pine pine JJ 35419 3462 9 , , , 35419 3462 10 or or CC 35419 3462 11 with with IN 35419 3462 12 light light JJ 35419 3462 13 seeds seed NNS 35419 3462 14 , , , 35419 3462 15 as as IN 35419 3462 16 poplar poplar JJ 35419 3462 17 , , , 35419 3462 18 often often RB 35419 3462 19 have have VBP 35419 3462 20 their -PRON- PRP$ 35419 3462 21 seeds seed NNS 35419 3462 22 carried carry VBN 35419 3462 23 by by IN 35419 3462 24 the the DT 35419 3462 25 wind wind NN 35419 3462 26 to to IN 35419 3462 27 great great JJ 35419 3462 28 distances distance NNS 35419 3462 29 . . . 35419 3463 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 3463 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 3463 3 : : : 35419 3463 4 Fig Fig NNP 35419 3463 5 . . . 35419 3464 1 68 68 CD 35419 3464 2 . . . 35419 3465 1 Winged Winged NNP 35419 3465 2 Seeds Seeds NNPS 35419 3465 3 . . . 35419 3466 1 1 1 LS 35419 3466 2 , , , 35419 3466 3 Basswood Basswood NNP 35419 3466 4 ; ; : 35419 3466 5 2 2 LS 35419 3466 6 , , , 35419 3466 7 Box Box NNP 35419 3466 8 - - HYPH 35419 3466 9 elder elder NNP 35419 3466 10 ; ; : 35419 3466 11 3 3 CD 35419 3466 12 , , , 35419 3466 13 Elm Elm NNP 35419 3466 14 ; ; : 35419 3466 15 4 4 CD 35419 3466 16 , , , 35419 3466 17 Fir Fir NNP 35419 3466 18 ; ; : 35419 3466 19 5 5 CD 35419 3466 20 , , , 35419 3466 21 6 6 CD 35419 3466 22 , , , 35419 3466 23 7 7 CD 35419 3466 24 , , , 35419 3466 25 8 8 CD 35419 3466 26 , , , 35419 3466 27 Pines Pines NNP 35419 3466 28 . . . 35419 3467 1 _ _ NNP 35419 3467 2 U. U. NNP 35419 3468 1 S. S. NNP 35419 3468 2 Forest Forest NNP 35419 3468 3 Service Service NNP 35419 3468 4 . . . 35419 3468 5 _ _ NNP 35419 3468 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 3468 7 Again again RB 35419 3468 8 some some DT 35419 3468 9 trees tree NNS 35419 3468 10 , , , 35419 3468 11 as as IN 35419 3468 12 spruce spruce NN 35419 3468 13 , , , 35419 3468 14 are be VBP 35419 3468 15 very very RB 35419 3468 16 fertile fertile JJ 35419 3468 17 , , , 35419 3468 18 while while IN 35419 3468 19 others other NNS 35419 3468 20 , , , 35419 3468 21 like like IN 35419 3468 22 beech beech NNP 35419 3468 23 , , , 35419 3468 24 have have VBP 35419 3468 25 only only RB 35419 3468 26 occasional occasional JJ 35419 3468 27 seed seed NN 35419 3468 28 - - HYPH 35419 3468 29 bearing bear VBG 35419 3468 30 seasons season NNS 35419 3468 31 , , , 35419 3468 32 once once RB 35419 3468 33 in in IN 35419 3468 34 three three CD 35419 3468 35 or or CC 35419 3468 36 four four CD 35419 3468 37 years year NNS 35419 3468 38 . . . 35419 3469 1 Willow Willow NNP 35419 3469 2 seeds seed NNS 35419 3469 3 lose lose VBP 35419 3469 4 their -PRON- PRP$ 35419 3469 5 power power NN 35419 3469 6 of of IN 35419 3469 7 germination germination NN 35419 3469 8 in in IN 35419 3469 9 a a DT 35419 3469 10 few few JJ 35419 3469 11 days day NNS 35419 3469 12 , , , 35419 3469 13 and and CC 35419 3469 14 hence hence RB 35419 3469 15 , , , 35419 3469 16 unless unless IN 35419 3469 17 they -PRON- PRP 35419 3469 18 soon soon RB 35419 3469 19 reach reach VBP 35419 3469 20 ground ground NN 35419 3469 21 where where WRB 35419 3469 22 there there EX 35419 3469 23 is be VBZ 35419 3469 24 plenty plenty NN 35419 3469 25 of of IN 35419 3469 26 moisture moisture NN 35419 3469 27 , , , 35419 3469 28 they -PRON- PRP 35419 3469 29 die die VBP 35419 3469 30 . . . 35419 3470 1 This this DT 35419 3470 2 is be VBZ 35419 3470 3 why why WRB 35419 3470 4 they -PRON- PRP 35419 3470 5 grow grow VBP 35419 3470 6 mostly mostly RB 35419 3470 7 along along IN 35419 3470 8 water water NN 35419 3470 9 courses course NNS 35419 3470 10 . . . 35419 3471 1 On on IN 35419 3471 2 the the DT 35419 3471 3 other other JJ 35419 3471 4 hand hand NN 35419 3471 5 , , , 35419 3471 6 black black JJ 35419 3471 7 locust locust NN 35419 3471 8 pods pod NNS 35419 3471 9 and and CC 35419 3471 10 the the DT 35419 3471 11 cones cone NNS 35419 3471 12 of of IN 35419 3471 13 some some DT 35419 3471 14 pines pine NNS 35419 3471 15 keep keep VBP 35419 3471 16 their -PRON- PRP$ 35419 3471 17 seeds seed NNS 35419 3471 18 perfect perfect JJ 35419 3471 19 for for IN 35419 3471 20 many many JJ 35419 3471 21 years year NNS 35419 3471 22 , , , 35419 3471 23 often often RB 35419 3471 24 until until IN 35419 3471 25 a a DT 35419 3471 26 fire fire NN 35419 3471 27 bursts burst VBZ 35419 3471 28 them -PRON- PRP 35419 3471 29 open open VBP 35419 3471 30 , , , 35419 3471 31 and and CC 35419 3471 32 so so RB 35419 3471 33 they -PRON- PRP 35419 3471 34 live live VBP 35419 3471 35 at at IN 35419 3471 36 the the DT 35419 3471 37 expense expense NN 35419 3471 38 of of IN 35419 3471 39 their -PRON- PRP$ 35419 3471 40 competitors competitor NNS 35419 3471 41 . . . 35419 3472 1 It -PRON- PRP 35419 3472 2 is be VBZ 35419 3472 3 such such JJ 35419 3472 4 facts fact NNS 35419 3472 5 as as IN 35419 3472 6 these these DT 35419 3472 7 that that WDT 35419 3472 8 help help VBP 35419 3472 9 to to TO 35419 3472 10 account account VB 35419 3472 11 for for IN 35419 3472 12 some some DT 35419 3472 13 of of IN 35419 3472 14 the the DT 35419 3472 15 acts act NNS 35419 3472 16 of of IN 35419 3472 17 forest forest NN 35419 3472 18 composition,--why composition,--why NNP 35419 3472 19 in in IN 35419 3472 20 one one CD 35419 3472 21 place place NN 35419 3472 22 at at IN 35419 3472 23 one one CD 35419 3472 24 time time NN 35419 3472 25 there there EX 35419 3472 26 is be VBZ 35419 3472 27 a a DT 35419 3472 28 growth growth NN 35419 3472 29 of of IN 35419 3472 30 aspens aspen NNS 35419 3472 31 , , , 35419 3472 32 at at IN 35419 3472 33 another another DT 35419 3472 34 time time NN 35419 3472 35 pines pine NNS 35419 3472 36 , , , 35419 3472 37 at at IN 35419 3472 38 still still RB 35419 3472 39 another another DT 35419 3472 40 oaks oak NNS 35419 3472 41 ; ; : 35419 3472 42 and and CC 35419 3472 43 why why WRB 35419 3472 44 beeches beech NNS 35419 3472 45 spring spring VBP 35419 3472 46 up up RP 35419 3472 47 one one CD 35419 3472 48 year year NN 35419 3472 49 and and CC 35419 3472 50 not not RB 35419 3472 51 another another DT 35419 3472 52 . . . 35419 3473 1 That that DT 35419 3473 2 red red JJ 35419 3473 3 cedars cedar NNS 35419 3473 4 grow grow VBP 35419 3473 5 in in IN 35419 3473 6 avenues avenue NNS 35419 3473 7 along along IN 35419 3473 8 fences fence NNS 35419 3473 9 , , , 35419 3473 10 is be VBZ 35419 3473 11 explained explain VBN 35419 3473 12 by by IN 35419 3473 13 the the DT 35419 3473 14 fact fact NN 35419 3473 15 that that IN 35419 3473 16 the the DT 35419 3473 17 seeds seed NNS 35419 3473 18 are be VBP 35419 3473 19 dropped drop VBN 35419 3473 20 there there RB 35419 3473 21 by by IN 35419 3473 22 birds bird NNS 35419 3473 23 , , , 35419 3473 24 Fig Fig NNP 35419 3473 25 . . . 35419 3474 1 69 69 CD 35419 3474 2 . . . 35419 3475 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 3475 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 3475 3 : : : 35419 3475 4 Fig Fig NNP 35419 3475 5 . . . 35419 3476 1 69 69 CD 35419 3476 2 . . . 35419 3477 1 Red Red NNP 35419 3477 2 Cedar Cedar NNP 35419 3477 3 Avenue Avenue NNP 35419 3477 4 . . . 35419 3478 1 Seeds seed NNS 35419 3478 2 dropped drop VBD 35419 3478 3 by by IN 35419 3478 4 birds bird NNS 35419 3478 5 which which WDT 35419 3478 6 perched perch VBD 35419 3478 7 on on IN 35419 3478 8 the the DT 35419 3478 9 fences fence NNS 35419 3478 10 . . . 35419 3479 1 Indiana Indiana NNP 35419 3479 2 . . . 35419 3480 1 _ _ NNP 35419 3480 2 U. U. NNP 35419 3481 1 S. S. NNP 35419 3481 2 Forest Forest NNP 35419 3481 3 Service Service NNP 35419 3481 4 . . . 35419 3481 5 _ _ NNP 35419 3481 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 3481 7 The the DT 35419 3481 8 fact fact NN 35419 3481 9 that that IN 35419 3481 10 conifers conifer NNS 35419 3481 11 , , , 35419 3481 12 as as IN 35419 3481 13 the the DT 35419 3481 14 longleaf longleaf NN 35419 3481 15 pine pine NN 35419 3481 16 , , , 35419 3481 17 Fig Fig NNP 35419 3481 18 . . . 35419 3482 1 46 46 CD 35419 3482 2 , , , 35419 3482 3 p. p. NN 35419 3482 4 200 200 CD 35419 3482 5 , , , 35419 3482 6 and and CC 35419 3482 7 spruce spruce VB 35419 3482 8 , , , 35419 3482 9 Fig Fig NNP 35419 3482 10 . . . 35419 3483 1 55 55 CD 35419 3483 2 , , , 35419 3483 3 p. p. NN 35419 3483 4 212 212 CD 35419 3483 5 , , , 35419 3483 6 are be VBP 35419 3483 7 more more RBR 35419 3483 8 apt apt JJ 35419 3483 9 to to TO 35419 3483 10 grow grow VB 35419 3483 11 in in IN 35419 3483 12 pure pure JJ 35419 3483 13 stands stand NNS 35419 3483 14 than than IN 35419 3483 15 broad broad RB 35419 3483 16 - - HYPH 35419 3483 17 leaved leave VBN 35419 3483 18 trees tree NNS 35419 3483 19 , , , 35419 3483 20 is be VBZ 35419 3483 21 largely largely RB 35419 3483 22 accounted account VBN 35419 3483 23 for for IN 35419 3483 24 by by IN 35419 3483 25 their -PRON- PRP$ 35419 3483 26 winged wing VBN 35419 3483 27 seeds seed NNS 35419 3483 28 ; ; : 35419 3483 29 whereas whereas IN 35419 3483 30 the the DT 35419 3483 31 broad broad RB 35419 3483 32 - - HYPH 35419 3483 33 leaved leave VBN 35419 3483 34 trees tree NNS 35419 3483 35 grow grow VBP 35419 3483 36 mostly mostly RB 35419 3483 37 in in IN 35419 3483 38 mixed mixed JJ 35419 3483 39 stands stand NNS 35419 3483 40 because because IN 35419 3483 41 their -PRON- PRP$ 35419 3483 42 heavy heavy JJ 35419 3483 43 seeds seed NNS 35419 3483 44 are be VBP 35419 3483 45 not not RB 35419 3483 46 plentifully plentifully RB 35419 3483 47 and and CC 35419 3483 48 widely widely RB 35419 3483 49 scattered scatter VBN 35419 3483 50 . . . 35419 3484 1 This this DT 35419 3484 2 is be VBZ 35419 3484 3 a a DT 35419 3484 4 rule rule NN 35419 3484 5 not not RB 35419 3484 6 without without IN 35419 3484 7 exceptions exception NNS 35419 3484 8 , , , 35419 3484 9 for for IN 35419 3484 10 beech beech FW 35419 3484 11 sometimes sometimes RB 35419 3484 12 covers cover VBZ 35419 3484 13 a a DT 35419 3484 14 whole whole JJ 35419 3484 15 mountain mountain NN 35419 3484 16 side side NN 35419 3484 17 , , , 35419 3484 18 as as IN 35419 3484 19 Slide Slide NNP 35419 3484 20 Mountain Mountain NNP 35419 3484 21 in in IN 35419 3484 22 the the DT 35419 3484 23 Catskills Catskills NNPS 35419 3484 24 , , , 35419 3484 25 and and CC 35419 3484 26 aspens aspen NNS 35419 3484 27 come come VBP 35419 3484 28 in in RP 35419 3484 29 over over IN 35419 3484 30 a a DT 35419 3484 31 wide wide JJ 35419 3484 32 area area NN 35419 3484 33 after after IN 35419 3484 34 a a DT 35419 3484 35 fire fire NN 35419 3484 36 ; ; : 35419 3484 37 but but CC 35419 3484 38 later later RBR 35419 3484 39 other other JJ 35419 3484 40 trees tree NNS 35419 3484 41 creep creep VBP 35419 3484 42 in in IN 35419 3484 43 until until IN 35419 3484 44 at at IN 35419 3484 45 length length NN 35419 3484 46 it -PRON- PRP 35419 3484 47 becomes become VBZ 35419 3484 48 a a DT 35419 3484 49 mixed mixed JJ 35419 3484 50 forest forest NN 35419 3484 51 . . . 35419 3485 1 The the DT 35419 3485 2 essential essential JJ 35419 3485 3 facts fact NNS 35419 3485 4 of of IN 35419 3485 5 the the DT 35419 3485 6 relation relation NN 35419 3485 7 of of IN 35419 3485 8 trees tree NNS 35419 3485 9 to to IN 35419 3485 10 each each DT 35419 3485 11 other other JJ 35419 3485 12 in in IN 35419 3485 13 the the DT 35419 3485 14 forest forest NN 35419 3485 15 has have VBZ 35419 3485 16 been be VBN 35419 3485 17 clearly clearly RB 35419 3485 18 stated state VBN 35419 3485 19 by by IN 35419 3485 20 Gifford Gifford NNP 35419 3485 21 Pinchot Pinchot NNP 35419 3485 22 thus:[1 thus:[1 . 35419 3485 23 ] ] -RRB- 35419 3485 24 The the DT 35419 3485 25 history history NN 35419 3485 26 of of IN 35419 3485 27 the the DT 35419 3485 28 life life NN 35419 3485 29 of of IN 35419 3485 30 a a DT 35419 3485 31 forest forest NN 35419 3485 32 is be VBZ 35419 3485 33 a a DT 35419 3485 34 story story NN 35419 3485 35 of of IN 35419 3485 36 the the DT 35419 3485 37 help help NN 35419 3485 38 and and CC 35419 3485 39 harm harm NN 35419 3485 40 which which WDT 35419 3485 41 trees tree NNS 35419 3485 42 receive receive VBP 35419 3485 43 from from IN 35419 3485 44 one one CD 35419 3485 45 another another DT 35419 3485 46 . . . 35419 3486 1 On on IN 35419 3486 2 one one CD 35419 3486 3 side side NN 35419 3486 4 every every DT 35419 3486 5 tree tree NN 35419 3486 6 is be VBZ 35419 3486 7 engaged engage VBN 35419 3486 8 in in IN 35419 3486 9 a a DT 35419 3486 10 relentless relentless JJ 35419 3486 11 struggle struggle NN 35419 3486 12 against against IN 35419 3486 13 its -PRON- PRP$ 35419 3486 14 neighbors neighbor NNS 35419 3486 15 for for IN 35419 3486 16 light light NN 35419 3486 17 , , , 35419 3486 18 water water NN 35419 3486 19 and and CC 35419 3486 20 food food NN 35419 3486 21 , , , 35419 3486 22 the the DT 35419 3486 23 three three CD 35419 3486 24 things thing NNS 35419 3486 25 trees tree NNS 35419 3486 26 need need VBP 35419 3486 27 most most RBS 35419 3486 28 . . . 35419 3487 1 On on IN 35419 3487 2 the the DT 35419 3487 3 other other JJ 35419 3487 4 side side NN 35419 3487 5 each each DT 35419 3487 6 tree tree NN 35419 3487 7 is be VBZ 35419 3487 8 constantly constantly RB 35419 3487 9 working work VBG 35419 3487 10 with with IN 35419 3487 11 all all PDT 35419 3487 12 its -PRON- PRP$ 35419 3487 13 neighbors neighbor NNS 35419 3487 14 , , , 35419 3487 15 even even RB 35419 3487 16 those those DT 35419 3487 17 which which WDT 35419 3487 18 stand stand VBP 35419 3487 19 at at IN 35419 3487 20 some some DT 35419 3487 21 distance distance NN 35419 3487 22 , , , 35419 3487 23 to to TO 35419 3487 24 bring bring VB 35419 3487 25 about about RP 35419 3487 26 the the DT 35419 3487 27 best good JJS 35419 3487 28 condition condition NN 35419 3487 29 of of IN 35419 3487 30 the the DT 35419 3487 31 soil soil NN 35419 3487 32 and and CC 35419 3487 33 air air NN 35419 3487 34 for for IN 35419 3487 35 the the DT 35419 3487 36 growth growth NN 35419 3487 37 and and CC 35419 3487 38 fighting fight VBG 35419 3487 39 power power NN 35419 3487 40 of of IN 35419 3487 41 every every DT 35419 3487 42 other other JJ 35419 3487 43 tree tree NN 35419 3487 44 . . . 35419 3488 1 The the DT 35419 3488 2 trees tree NNS 35419 3488 3 in in IN 35419 3488 4 a a DT 35419 3488 5 forest forest NN 35419 3488 6 help help NN 35419 3488 7 each each DT 35419 3488 8 other other JJ 35419 3488 9 by by IN 35419 3488 10 enriching enrich VBG 35419 3488 11 the the DT 35419 3488 12 soil soil NN 35419 3488 13 in in IN 35419 3488 14 which which WDT 35419 3488 15 they -PRON- PRP 35419 3488 16 stand stand VBP 35419 3488 17 with with IN 35419 3488 18 their -PRON- PRP$ 35419 3488 19 fallen fall VBN 35419 3488 20 leaves leave NNS 35419 3488 21 and and CC 35419 3488 22 twigs twig NNS 35419 3488 23 , , , 35419 3488 24 which which WDT 35419 3488 25 are be VBP 35419 3488 26 not not RB 35419 3488 27 quickly quickly RB 35419 3488 28 blown blow VBN 35419 3488 29 or or CC 35419 3488 30 washed wash VBD 35419 3488 31 away away RB 35419 3488 32 as as IN 35419 3488 33 are be VBP 35419 3488 34 those those DT 35419 3488 35 under under IN 35419 3488 36 a a DT 35419 3488 37 tree tree NN 35419 3488 38 in in IN 35419 3488 39 the the DT 35419 3488 40 open open NN 35419 3488 41 . . . 35419 3489 1 This this DT 35419 3489 2 collection collection NN 35419 3489 3 of of IN 35419 3489 4 " " `` 35419 3489 5 duff duff NN 35419 3489 6 " " '' 35419 3489 7 or or CC 35419 3489 8 " " `` 35419 3489 9 the the DT 35419 3489 10 forest forest NN 35419 3489 11 floor floor NN 35419 3489 12 " " '' 35419 3489 13 retains retain VBZ 35419 3489 14 the the DT 35419 3489 15 moisture moisture NN 35419 3489 16 about about IN 35419 3489 17 their -PRON- PRP$ 35419 3489 18 roots root NNS 35419 3489 19 , , , 35419 3489 20 and and CC 35419 3489 21 this this DT 35419 3489 22 moist moist JJ 35419 3489 23 mass mass NN 35419 3489 24 tends tend VBZ 35419 3489 25 to to TO 35419 3489 26 keep keep VB 35419 3489 27 the the DT 35419 3489 28 temperature temperature NN 35419 3489 29 of of IN 35419 3489 30 the the DT 35419 3489 31 forest forest NN 35419 3489 32 warmer warm JJR 35419 3489 33 in in IN 35419 3489 34 winter winter NN 35419 3489 35 and and CC 35419 3489 36 cooler cooler NN 35419 3489 37 in in IN 35419 3489 38 summer summer NN 35419 3489 39 . . . 35419 3490 1 The the DT 35419 3490 2 forest forest NN 35419 3490 3 cover cover NN 35419 3490 4 , , , 35419 3490 5 Fig Fig NNP 35419 3490 6 . . . 35419 3491 1 55 55 CD 35419 3491 2 , , , 35419 3491 3 p. p. NN 35419 3491 4 212 212 CD 35419 3491 5 , , , 35419 3491 6 consisting consist VBG 35419 3491 7 largely largely RB 35419 3491 8 of of IN 35419 3491 9 foliage foliage NN 35419 3491 10 , , , 35419 3491 11 has have VBZ 35419 3491 12 the the DT 35419 3491 13 same same JJ 35419 3491 14 effect effect NN 35419 3491 15 , , , 35419 3491 16 and and CC 35419 3491 17 in in IN 35419 3491 18 addition addition NN 35419 3491 19 protects protect VBZ 35419 3491 20 the the DT 35419 3491 21 bark bark NN 35419 3491 22 , , , 35419 3491 23 the the DT 35419 3491 24 roots root NNS 35419 3491 25 , , , 35419 3491 26 and and CC 35419 3491 27 the the DT 35419 3491 28 seedlings seedling NNS 35419 3491 29 of of IN 35419 3491 30 the the DT 35419 3491 31 trees tree NNS 35419 3491 32 from from IN 35419 3491 33 the the DT 35419 3491 34 direct direct JJ 35419 3491 35 and and CC 35419 3491 36 continuous continuous JJ 35419 3491 37 hot hot JJ 35419 3491 38 rays ray NNS 35419 3491 39 of of IN 35419 3491 40 the the DT 35419 3491 41 sun sun NN 35419 3491 42 . . . 35419 3492 1 Without without IN 35419 3492 2 the the DT 35419 3492 3 shade shade NN 35419 3492 4 of of IN 35419 3492 5 the the DT 35419 3492 6 leaves leave NNS 35419 3492 7 , , , 35419 3492 8 many many JJ 35419 3492 9 trees tree NNS 35419 3492 10 , , , 35419 3492 11 as as IN 35419 3492 12 white white JJ 35419 3492 13 pine pine NN 35419 3492 14 , , , 35419 3492 15 would would MD 35419 3492 16 quickly quickly RB 35419 3492 17 die die VB 35419 3492 18 , , , 35419 3492 19 as as IN 35419 3492 20 may may MD 35419 3492 21 readily readily RB 35419 3492 22 be be VB 35419 3492 23 seen see VBN 35419 3492 24 by by IN 35419 3492 25 transplanting transplant VBG 35419 3492 26 them -PRON- PRP 35419 3492 27 to to IN 35419 3492 28 the the DT 35419 3492 29 open open NN 35419 3492 30 . . . 35419 3493 1 The the DT 35419 3493 2 mass mass NN 35419 3493 3 of of IN 35419 3493 4 standing standing NN 35419 3493 5 trees tree NNS 35419 3493 6 tempers temper NNS 35419 3493 7 the the DT 35419 3493 8 force force NN 35419 3493 9 of of IN 35419 3493 10 the the DT 35419 3493 11 wind wind NN 35419 3493 12 , , , 35419 3493 13 which which WDT 35419 3493 14 might may MD 35419 3493 15 overthrow overthrow VB 35419 3493 16 some some DT 35419 3493 17 of of IN 35419 3493 18 them -PRON- PRP 35419 3493 19 , , , 35419 3493 20 and and CC 35419 3493 21 hinders hinder VBZ 35419 3493 22 the the DT 35419 3493 23 drying drying NN 35419 3493 24 up up RP 35419 3493 25 of of IN 35419 3493 26 the the DT 35419 3493 27 duff duff NN 35419 3493 28 . . . 35419 3494 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 3494 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 3494 3 : : : 35419 3494 4 Fig Fig NNP 35419 3494 5 . . . 35419 3495 1 70 70 CD 35419 3495 2 . . . 35419 3496 1 Shallow shallow JJ 35419 3496 2 Roots root NNS 35419 3496 3 of of IN 35419 3496 4 Hemlock Hemlock NNP 35419 3496 5 . . . 35419 3497 1 Bronx Bronx NNP 35419 3497 2 Park Park NNP 35419 3497 3 , , , 35419 3497 4 New New NNP 35419 3497 5 York York NNP 35419 3497 6 , , , 35419 3497 7 N. N. NNP 35419 3498 1 Y. Y. NNP 35419 3498 2 ] ] -RRB- 35419 3499 1 But but CC 35419 3499 2 trees tree NNS 35419 3499 3 hinder hinder VBP 35419 3499 4 as as RB 35419 3499 5 well well RB 35419 3499 6 as as IN 35419 3499 7 help help VB 35419 3499 8 each each DT 35419 3499 9 other other JJ 35419 3499 10 . . . 35419 3500 1 There there EX 35419 3500 2 is be VBZ 35419 3500 3 a a DT 35419 3500 4 constant constant JJ 35419 3500 5 struggle struggle NN 35419 3500 6 between between IN 35419 3500 7 them -PRON- PRP 35419 3500 8 for for IN 35419 3500 9 nourishment nourishment NN 35419 3500 10 and and CC 35419 3500 11 light light NN 35419 3500 12 . . . 35419 3501 1 To to TO 35419 3501 2 get get VB 35419 3501 3 food food NN 35419 3501 4 and and CC 35419 3501 5 water water NN 35419 3501 6 , , , 35419 3501 7 some some DT 35419 3501 8 trees tree NNS 35419 3501 9 , , , 35419 3501 10 as as IN 35419 3501 11 spruces spruce NNS 35419 3501 12 and and CC 35419 3501 13 hemlocks hemlock NNS 35419 3501 14 , , , 35419 3501 15 Fig Fig NNP 35419 3501 16 . . . 35419 3502 1 70 70 CD 35419 3502 2 , , , 35419 3502 3 spread spread VB 35419 3502 4 their -PRON- PRP$ 35419 3502 5 roots root NNS 35419 3502 6 out out RP 35419 3502 7 flat flat RB 35419 3502 8 ; ; : 35419 3502 9 others other NNS 35419 3502 10 , , , 35419 3502 11 as as IN 35419 3502 12 oak oak NN 35419 3502 13 and and CC 35419 3502 14 pine pine NNP 35419 3502 15 , , , 35419 3502 16 send send VB 35419 3502 17 down down RP 35419 3502 18 a a DT 35419 3502 19 deep deep JJ 35419 3502 20 tap tap NN 35419 3502 21 root root NN 35419 3502 22 . . . 35419 3503 1 Those those DT 35419 3503 2 succeed succeed VBP 35419 3503 3 in in IN 35419 3503 4 any any DT 35419 3503 5 environment environment NN 35419 3503 6 that that WDT 35419 3503 7 find find VBP 35419 3503 8 the the DT 35419 3503 9 nourishment nourishment NN 35419 3503 10 they -PRON- PRP 35419 3503 11 need need VBP 35419 3503 12 . . . 35419 3504 1 Still still RB 35419 3504 2 more more RBR 35419 3504 3 evident evident JJ 35419 3504 4 is be VBZ 35419 3504 5 the the DT 35419 3504 6 struggle struggle NN 35419 3504 7 for for IN 35419 3504 8 light light NN 35419 3504 9 and and CC 35419 3504 10 air air NN 35419 3504 11 . . . 35419 3505 1 However however RB 35419 3505 2 well well RB 35419 3505 3 a a DT 35419 3505 4 tree tree NN 35419 3505 5 is be VBZ 35419 3505 6 nourished nourish VBN 35419 3505 7 thru thru IN 35419 3505 8 its -PRON- PRP$ 35419 3505 9 roots root NNS 35419 3505 10 , , , 35419 3505 11 unless unless IN 35419 3505 12 its -PRON- PRP$ 35419 3505 13 leaves leave NNS 35419 3505 14 have have VBP 35419 3505 15 an an DT 35419 3505 16 abundance abundance NN 35419 3505 17 of of IN 35419 3505 18 light light NN 35419 3505 19 and and CC 35419 3505 20 air air NN 35419 3505 21 it -PRON- PRP 35419 3505 22 will will MD 35419 3505 23 not not RB 35419 3505 24 thrive thrive VB 35419 3505 25 and and CC 35419 3505 26 make make VB 35419 3505 27 wood wood NN 35419 3505 28 . . . 35419 3506 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 3506 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 3506 3 : : : 35419 3506 4 Fig Fig NNP 35419 3506 5 . . . 35419 3507 1 71 71 CD 35419 3507 2 . . . 35419 3508 1 Long long RB 35419 3508 2 - - HYPH 35419 3508 3 bodied bodied JJ 35419 3508 4 White White NNP 35419 3508 5 Oak Oak NNP 35419 3508 6 of of IN 35419 3508 7 the the DT 35419 3508 8 Forest Forest NNP 35419 3508 9 . . . 35419 3509 1 _ _ NNP 35419 3509 2 U. U. NNP 35419 3510 1 S. S. NNP 35419 3510 2 Forest Forest NNP 35419 3510 3 Service Service NNP 35419 3510 4 . . . 35419 3510 5 _ _ NNP 35419 3510 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 3510 7 Even even RB 35419 3510 8 the the DT 35419 3510 9 trees tree NNS 35419 3510 10 most most RBS 35419 3510 11 tolerant tolerant JJ 35419 3510 12 of of IN 35419 3510 13 shade shade NN 35419 3510 14 in in IN 35419 3510 15 youth youth NN 35419 3510 16 , , , 35419 3510 17 like like IN 35419 3510 18 spruce spruce NN 35419 3510 19 , , , 35419 3510 20 must must MD 35419 3510 21 have have VB 35419 3510 22 light light NN 35419 3510 23 later later RB 35419 3510 24 or or CC 35419 3510 25 perish perish JJ 35419 3510 26 , , , 35419 3510 27 and and CC 35419 3510 28 hence hence RB 35419 3510 29 in in IN 35419 3510 30 a a DT 35419 3510 31 forest forest NN 35419 3510 32 there there EX 35419 3510 33 is be VBZ 35419 3510 34 the the DT 35419 3510 35 constant constant JJ 35419 3510 36 upward upward JJ 35419 3510 37 reach reach NN 35419 3510 38 . . . 35419 3511 1 This this DT 35419 3511 2 produces produce VBZ 35419 3511 3 the the DT 35419 3511 4 characteristic characteristic JJ 35419 3511 5 " " `` 35419 3511 6 long long RB 35419 3511 7 - - HYPH 35419 3511 8 bodied bodied JJ 35419 3511 9 " " '' 35419 3511 10 trunk trunk NN 35419 3511 11 of of IN 35419 3511 12 the the DT 35419 3511 13 forest forest NN 35419 3511 14 tree tree NN 35419 3511 15 , , , 35419 3511 16 Fig Fig NNP 35419 3511 17 . . . 35419 3512 1 71 71 CD 35419 3512 2 , , , 35419 3512 3 in in IN 35419 3512 4 contrast contrast NN 35419 3512 5 to to IN 35419 3512 6 the the DT 35419 3512 7 " " `` 35419 3512 8 short short JJ 35419 3512 9 - - HYPH 35419 3512 10 bodied bodied JJ 35419 3512 11 " " '' 35419 3512 12 tree tree NN 35419 3512 13 of of IN 35419 3512 14 the the DT 35419 3512 15 open open NN 35419 3512 16 , , , 35419 3512 17 where where WRB 35419 3512 18 the the DT 35419 3512 19 branches branch NNS 35419 3512 20 reach reach VBP 35419 3512 21 out out RP 35419 3512 22 in in IN 35419 3512 23 all all DT 35419 3512 24 directions direction NNS 35419 3512 25 , , , 35419 3512 26 Fig Fig NNP 35419 3512 27 . . . 35419 3513 1 72 72 CD 35419 3513 2 . . . 35419 3514 1 In in IN 35419 3514 2 this this DT 35419 3514 3 constant constant JJ 35419 3514 4 struggle struggle NN 35419 3514 5 for for IN 35419 3514 6 existence existence NN 35419 3514 7 is be VBZ 35419 3514 8 involved involve VBN 35419 3514 9 the the DT 35419 3514 10 persistent persistent JJ 35419 3514 11 attempt attempt NN 35419 3514 12 of of IN 35419 3514 13 scattered scatter VBN 35419 3514 14 seeds seed NNS 35419 3514 15 to to TO 35419 3514 16 sprout sprout VB 35419 3514 17 whenever whenever WRB 35419 3514 18 there there EX 35419 3514 19 is be VBZ 35419 3514 20 an an DT 35419 3514 21 opening opening NN 35419 3514 22 . . . 35419 3515 1 The the DT 35419 3515 2 result result NN 35419 3515 3 is be VBZ 35419 3515 4 that that IN 35419 3515 5 a a DT 35419 3515 6 typical typical JJ 35419 3515 7 forest forest NN 35419 3515 8 is be VBZ 35419 3515 9 one one CD 35419 3515 10 in in IN 35419 3515 11 which which WDT 35419 3515 12 all all DT 35419 3515 13 sizes size NNS 35419 3515 14 and and CC 35419 3515 15 ages age NNS 35419 3515 16 of of IN 35419 3515 17 trees tree NNS 35419 3515 18 grow grow VBP 35419 3515 19 together together RB 35419 3515 20 . . . 35419 3516 1 Scattered scatter VBN 35419 3516 2 among among IN 35419 3516 3 these these DT 35419 3516 4 are be VBP 35419 3516 5 bushes bush NNS 35419 3516 6 and and CC 35419 3516 7 scrubby scrubby JJ 35419 3516 8 trees tree NNS 35419 3516 9 , , , 35419 3516 10 called call VBD 35419 3516 11 " " `` 35419 3516 12 forest forest NN 35419 3516 13 weeds weed NNS 35419 3516 14 , , , 35419 3516 15 " " '' 35419 3516 16 such such JJ 35419 3516 17 as as IN 35419 3516 18 mountain mountain NN 35419 3516 19 maple maple NN 35419 3516 20 and and CC 35419 3516 21 dogwood dogwood NN 35419 3516 22 , , , 35419 3516 23 Fig Fig NNP 35419 3516 24 . . . 35419 3517 1 80 80 CD 35419 3517 2 , , , 35419 3517 3 p. p. NN 35419 3517 4 234 234 CD 35419 3517 5 , , , 35419 3517 6 which which WDT 35419 3517 7 do do VBP 35419 3517 8 not not RB 35419 3517 9 produce produce VB 35419 3517 10 timber timber NN 35419 3517 11 . . . 35419 3518 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 3518 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 3518 3 : : : 35419 3518 4 Fig Fig NNP 35419 3518 5 . . . 35419 3519 1 72 72 CD 35419 3519 2 . . . 35419 3520 1 Short short JJ 35419 3520 2 - - HYPH 35419 3520 3 bodied bodied JJ 35419 3520 4 White White NNP 35419 3520 5 Oak Oak NNP 35419 3520 6 of of IN 35419 3520 7 the the DT 35419 3520 8 Open Open NNP 35419 3520 9 . . . 35419 3521 1 Fort Fort NNP 35419 3521 2 Lee Lee NNP 35419 3521 3 , , , 35419 3521 4 N. N. NNP 35419 3522 1 J. J. NNP 35419 3522 2 ] ] -RRB- 35419 3523 1 By by IN 35419 3523 2 foresters forester NNS 35419 3523 3 the the DT 35419 3523 4 trees tree NNS 35419 3523 5 themselves -PRON- PRP 35419 3523 6 are be VBP 35419 3523 7 classified classify VBN 35419 3523 8 according accord VBG 35419 3523 9 to to IN 35419 3523 10 their -PRON- PRP$ 35419 3523 11 size size NN 35419 3523 12 into into IN 35419 3523 13 : : : 35419 3523 14 Seedlings seedling NNS 35419 3523 15 , , , 35419 3523 16 less less JJR 35419 3523 17 than than IN 35419 3523 18 3 3 CD 35419 3523 19 ' ' '' 35419 3523 20 high high JJ 35419 3523 21 , , , 35419 3523 22 Saplings Saplings NNPS 35419 3523 23 , , , 35419 3523 24 Small Small NNP 35419 3523 25 , , , 35419 3523 26 3'-10 3'-10 CD 35419 3523 27 ' ' POS 35419 3523 28 high high NN 35419 3523 29 . . . 35419 3524 1 Large large JJ 35419 3524 2 , , , 35419 3524 3 4 4 CD 35419 3524 4 " " '' 35419 3524 5 in in IN 35419 3524 6 diameter diameter NN 35419 3524 7 , , , 35419 3524 8 at at IN 35419 3524 9 breast breast NN 35419 3524 10 height height NN 35419 3524 11 ( ( -LRB- 35419 3524 12 4 4 CD 35419 3524 13 ' ' CD 35419 3524 14 6 6 CD 35419 3524 15 " " '' 35419 3524 16 ) ) -RRB- 35419 3524 17 . . . 35419 3525 1 Poles Poles NNPS 35419 3525 2 , , , 35419 3525 3 Small Small NNP 35419 3525 4 , , , 35419 3525 5 4"-8 4"-8 CD 35419 3525 6 " " '' 35419 3525 7 in in IN 35419 3525 8 diameter diameter NN 35419 3525 9 , , , 35419 3525 10 at at IN 35419 3525 11 breast breast NN 35419 3525 12 height height NN 35419 3525 13 . . . 35419 3526 1 Large large JJ 35419 3526 2 , , , 35419 3526 3 8"-12 8"-12 NNP 35419 3526 4 " " '' 35419 3526 5 in in IN 35419 3526 6 diameter diameter NN 35419 3526 7 , , , 35419 3526 8 at at IN 35419 3526 9 breast breast NN 35419 3526 10 height height NN 35419 3526 11 . . . 35419 3527 1 Standards standard NNS 35419 3527 2 , , , 35419 3527 3 1'-2 1'-2 NNP 35419 3527 4 ' ' '' 35419 3527 5 in in IN 35419 3527 6 diameter diameter NN 35419 3527 7 , , , 35419 3527 8 at at IN 35419 3527 9 breast breast NN 35419 3527 10 height height NN 35419 3527 11 . . . 35419 3528 1 Veterans veteran NNS 35419 3528 2 , , , 35419 3528 3 over over IN 35419 3528 4 2 2 CD 35419 3528 5 ' ' '' 35419 3528 6 in in IN 35419 3528 7 diameter diameter NN 35419 3528 8 , , , 35419 3528 9 at at IN 35419 3528 10 breast breast NN 35419 3528 11 height height NN 35419 3528 12 . . . 35419 3529 1 Every every DT 35419 3529 2 age age NN 35419 3529 3 has have VBZ 35419 3529 4 its -PRON- PRP$ 35419 3529 5 own own JJ 35419 3529 6 dangers danger NNS 35419 3529 7 . . . 35419 3530 1 Many many JJ 35419 3530 2 seeds seed NNS 35419 3530 3 never never RB 35419 3530 4 germinate germinate VBP 35419 3530 5 , , , 35419 3530 6 many many JJ 35419 3530 7 seedlings seedling NNS 35419 3530 8 perish perish JJ 35419 3530 9 because because IN 35419 3530 10 they -PRON- PRP 35419 3530 11 do do VBP 35419 3530 12 not not RB 35419 3530 13 reach reach VB 35419 3530 14 soil soil NN 35419 3530 15 , , , 35419 3530 16 or or CC 35419 3530 17 are be VBP 35419 3530 18 killed kill VBN 35419 3530 19 by by IN 35419 3530 20 too too RB 35419 3530 21 much much JJ 35419 3530 22 or or CC 35419 3530 23 too too RB 35419 3530 24 little little JJ 35419 3530 25 moisture moisture NN 35419 3530 26 , , , 35419 3530 27 or or CC 35419 3530 28 by by IN 35419 3530 29 heat heat NN 35419 3530 30 or or CC 35419 3530 31 cold cold JJ 35419 3530 32 , , , 35419 3530 33 or or CC 35419 3530 34 shade shade NN 35419 3530 35 . . . 35419 3531 1 At at IN 35419 3531 2 the the DT 35419 3531 3 sapling sapling NN 35419 3531 4 age age NN 35419 3531 5 , , , 35419 3531 6 the the DT 35419 3531 7 side side NN 35419 3531 8 branches branch NNS 35419 3531 9 begin begin VBP 35419 3531 10 to to TO 35419 3531 11 interfere interfere VB 35419 3531 12 with with IN 35419 3531 13 those those DT 35419 3531 14 of of IN 35419 3531 15 other other JJ 35419 3531 16 saplings sapling NNS 35419 3531 17 . . . 35419 3532 1 Buds bud NNS 35419 3532 2 are be VBP 35419 3532 3 bruised bruise VBN 35419 3532 4 and and CC 35419 3532 5 lower low JJR 35419 3532 6 branches branch NNS 35419 3532 7 broken break VBN 35419 3532 8 by by IN 35419 3532 9 thrashing thrash VBG 35419 3532 10 in in IN 35419 3532 11 the the DT 35419 3532 12 wind wind NN 35419 3532 13 , , , 35419 3532 14 and and CC 35419 3532 15 their -PRON- PRP$ 35419 3532 16 leaves leave NNS 35419 3532 17 have have VBP 35419 3532 18 less less JJR 35419 3532 19 light light NN 35419 3532 20 . . . 35419 3533 1 Only only RB 35419 3533 2 the the DT 35419 3533 3 upper upper JJ 35419 3533 4 branches branch NNS 35419 3533 5 have have VBP 35419 3533 6 room room NN 35419 3533 7 and and CC 35419 3533 8 light light NN 35419 3533 9 , , , 35419 3533 10 and and CC 35419 3533 11 they -PRON- PRP 35419 3533 12 flourish flourish VBP 35419 3533 13 at at IN 35419 3533 14 the the DT 35419 3533 15 expense expense NN 35419 3533 16 of of IN 35419 3533 17 lower low JJR 35419 3533 18 ones one NNS 35419 3533 19 , , , 35419 3533 20 which which WDT 35419 3533 21 gradually gradually RB 35419 3533 22 die die VBP 35419 3533 23 and and CC 35419 3533 24 are be VBP 35419 3533 25 thus thus RB 35419 3533 26 pruned prune VBN 35419 3533 27 off off RP 35419 3533 28 . . . 35419 3534 1 Some some DT 35419 3534 2 trees tree NNS 35419 3534 3 naturally naturally RB 35419 3534 4 grow grow VBP 35419 3534 5 faster fast RBR 35419 3534 6 than than IN 35419 3534 7 others other NNS 35419 3534 8 , , , 35419 3534 9 and and CC 35419 3534 10 they -PRON- PRP 35419 3534 11 attain attain VBP 35419 3534 12 additional additional JJ 35419 3534 13 light light NN 35419 3534 14 and and CC 35419 3534 15 room room NN 35419 3534 16 to to TO 35419 3534 17 spread spread VB 35419 3534 18 laterally laterally RB 35419 3534 19 , , , 35419 3534 20 thus thus RB 35419 3534 21 overtopping overtop VBG 35419 3534 22 others other NNS 35419 3534 23 which which WDT 35419 3534 24 are be VBP 35419 3534 25 suppressed suppress VBN 35419 3534 26 and and CC 35419 3534 27 finally finally RB 35419 3534 28 killed kill VBN 35419 3534 29 , , , 35419 3534 30 beaten beat VBN 35419 3534 31 in in IN 35419 3534 32 the the DT 35419 3534 33 race race NN 35419 3534 34 for for IN 35419 3534 35 life life NN 35419 3534 36 . . . 35419 3535 1 If if IN 35419 3535 2 the the DT 35419 3535 3 growth growth NN 35419 3535 4 should should MD 35419 3535 5 remain remain VB 35419 3535 6 about about RB 35419 3535 7 even even RB 35419 3535 8 so so IN 35419 3535 9 that that IN 35419 3535 10 the the DT 35419 3535 11 trees tree NNS 35419 3535 12 grew grow VBD 35419 3535 13 densely densely RB 35419 3535 14 packed pack VBN 35419 3535 15 together together RB 35419 3535 16 , , , 35419 3535 17 the the DT 35419 3535 18 whole whole JJ 35419 3535 19 group group NN 35419 3535 20 would would MD 35419 3535 21 be be VB 35419 3535 22 likely likely JJ 35419 3535 23 to to TO 35419 3535 24 be be VB 35419 3535 25 of of IN 35419 3535 26 a a DT 35419 3535 27 poorer poor JJR 35419 3535 28 quality quality NN 35419 3535 29 , , , 35419 3535 30 but but CC 35419 3535 31 ordinarily ordinarily RB 35419 3535 32 the the DT 35419 3535 33 few few JJ 35419 3535 34 outgrow outgrow VBP 35419 3535 35 the the DT 35419 3535 36 many many JJ 35419 3535 37 and and CC 35419 3535 38 they -PRON- PRP 35419 3535 39 are be VBP 35419 3535 40 called call VBN 35419 3535 41 dominant dominant JJ 35419 3535 42 trees tree NNS 35419 3535 43 . . . 35419 3536 1 Even even RB 35419 3536 2 then then RB 35419 3536 3 , , , 35419 3536 4 they -PRON- PRP 35419 3536 5 still still RB 35419 3536 6 have have VBP 35419 3536 7 to to TO 35419 3536 8 struggle struggle VB 35419 3536 9 against against IN 35419 3536 10 their -PRON- PRP$ 35419 3536 11 neighbors neighbor NNS 35419 3536 12 , , , 35419 3536 13 and and CC 35419 3536 14 at at IN 35419 3536 15 this this DT 35419 3536 16 , , , 35419 3536 17 the the DT 35419 3536 18 large large JJ 35419 3536 19 sapling sapling NN 35419 3536 20 stage stage NN 35419 3536 21 , , , 35419 3536 22 many many JJ 35419 3536 23 perish perish NN 35419 3536 24 , , , 35419 3536 25 and and CC 35419 3536 26 of of IN 35419 3536 27 those those DT 35419 3536 28 that that WDT 35419 3536 29 survive survive VBP 35419 3536 30 there there EX 35419 3536 31 are be VBP 35419 3536 32 great great JJ 35419 3536 33 differences difference NNS 35419 3536 34 in in IN 35419 3536 35 size size NN 35419 3536 36 . . . 35419 3537 1 Trees tree NNS 35419 3537 2 make make VBP 35419 3537 3 their -PRON- PRP$ 35419 3537 4 most most RBS 35419 3537 5 rapid rapid JJ 35419 3537 6 growth growth NN 35419 3537 7 in in IN 35419 3537 8 height height NN 35419 3537 9 , , , 35419 3537 10 and and CC 35419 3537 11 lay lie VBD 35419 3537 12 on on IN 35419 3537 13 the the DT 35419 3537 14 widest wide JJS 35419 3537 15 yearly yearly JJ 35419 3537 16 " " `` 35419 3537 17 rings ring NNS 35419 3537 18 , , , 35419 3537 19 " " '' 35419 3537 20 at at IN 35419 3537 21 the the DT 35419 3537 22 large large JJ 35419 3537 23 sapling sapling NN 35419 3537 24 and and CC 35419 3537 25 small small JJ 35419 3537 26 pole pole NN 35419 3537 27 age age NN 35419 3537 28 , , , 35419 3537 29 Fig Fig NNP 35419 3537 30 . . . 35419 3538 1 114 114 CD 35419 3538 2 , , , 35419 3538 3 p. p. NN 35419 3538 4 263 263 CD 35419 3538 5 . . . 35419 3539 1 It -PRON- PRP 35419 3539 2 is be VBZ 35419 3539 3 at at IN 35419 3539 4 this this DT 35419 3539 5 stage stage NN 35419 3539 6 , , , 35419 3539 7 too too RB 35419 3539 8 , , , 35419 3539 9 if if IN 35419 3539 10 the the DT 35419 3539 11 growth growth NN 35419 3539 12 is be VBZ 35419 3539 13 at at RB 35419 3539 14 all all RB 35419 3539 15 dense dense JJ 35419 3539 16 , , , 35419 3539 17 that that IN 35419 3539 18 the the DT 35419 3539 19 young young JJ 35419 3539 20 trees tree NNS 35419 3539 21 ( ( -LRB- 35419 3539 22 poles pole NNS 35419 3539 23 ) ) -RRB- 35419 3539 24 clean clean VBP 35419 3539 25 themselves -PRON- PRP 35419 3539 26 most most JJS 35419 3539 27 thoroly thoroly NN 35419 3539 28 of of IN 35419 3539 29 their -PRON- PRP$ 35419 3539 30 branches branch NNS 35419 3539 31 . . . 35419 3540 1 The the DT 35419 3540 2 growth growth NN 35419 3540 3 in in IN 35419 3540 4 diameter diameter NN 35419 3540 5 continues continue VBZ 35419 3540 6 to to IN 35419 3540 7 the the DT 35419 3540 8 end end NN 35419 3540 9 of of IN 35419 3540 10 the the DT 35419 3540 11 tree tree NN 35419 3540 12 's 's POS 35419 3540 13 life life NN 35419 3540 14 , , , 35419 3540 15 long long RB 35419 3540 16 after after IN 35419 3540 17 the the DT 35419 3540 18 height height NN 35419 3540 19 growth growth NN 35419 3540 20 has have VBZ 35419 3540 21 ceased cease VBN 35419 3540 22 . . . 35419 3541 1 When when WRB 35419 3541 2 trees tree NNS 35419 3541 3 become become VBP 35419 3541 4 " " `` 35419 3541 5 standards standard NNS 35419 3541 6 , , , 35419 3541 7 " " '' 35419 3541 8 and and CC 35419 3541 9 reach reach VB 35419 3541 10 the the DT 35419 3541 11 limit limit NN 35419 3541 12 of of IN 35419 3541 13 height height NN 35419 3541 14 growth growth NN 35419 3541 15 , , , 35419 3541 16 thru thru IN 35419 3541 17 their -PRON- PRP$ 35419 3541 18 inability inability NN 35419 3541 19 to to TO 35419 3541 20 raise raise VB 35419 3541 21 water water NN 35419 3541 22 to to IN 35419 3541 23 their -PRON- PRP$ 35419 3541 24 tops top NNS 35419 3541 25 , , , 35419 3541 26 their -PRON- PRP$ 35419 3541 27 branches branch NNS 35419 3541 28 must must MD 35419 3541 29 perforce perforce VB 35419 3541 30 grow grow VB 35419 3541 31 sidewise sidewise NNP 35419 3541 32 , , , 35419 3541 33 or or CC 35419 3541 34 not not RB 35419 3541 35 at at RB 35419 3541 36 all all RB 35419 3541 37 . . . 35419 3542 1 The the DT 35419 3542 2 struggle struggle NN 35419 3542 3 for for IN 35419 3542 4 life life NN 35419 3542 5 thus thus RB 35419 3542 6 takes take VBZ 35419 3542 7 a a DT 35419 3542 8 new new JJ 35419 3542 9 form form NN 35419 3542 10 . . . 35419 3543 1 How how WRB 35419 3543 2 trees tree NNS 35419 3543 3 are be VBP 35419 3543 4 able able JJ 35419 3543 5 to to TO 35419 3543 6 raise raise VB 35419 3543 7 water water NN 35419 3543 8 as as RB 35419 3543 9 high high RB 35419 3543 10 as as IN 35419 3543 11 they -PRON- PRP 35419 3543 12 do do VBP 35419 3543 13 is be VBZ 35419 3543 14 still still RB 35419 3543 15 unexplained unexplained JJ 35419 3543 16 , , , 35419 3543 17 but but CC 35419 3543 18 we -PRON- PRP 35419 3543 19 know know VBP 35419 3543 20 that that IN 35419 3543 21 the the DT 35419 3543 22 chief chief JJ 35419 3543 23 reason reason NN 35419 3543 24 why why WRB 35419 3543 25 some some DT 35419 3543 26 trees tree NNS 35419 3543 27 grow grow VBP 35419 3543 28 taller tall JJR 35419 3543 29 than than IN 35419 3543 30 others other NNS 35419 3543 31 , , , 35419 3543 32 is be VBZ 35419 3543 33 due due JJ 35419 3543 34 to to IN 35419 3543 35 their -PRON- PRP$ 35419 3543 36 ability ability NN 35419 3543 37 to to TO 35419 3543 38 raise raise VB 35419 3543 39 water water NN 35419 3543 40 . . . 35419 3544 1 The the DT 35419 3544 2 most most RBS 35419 3544 3 remarkable remarkable JJ 35419 3544 4 in in IN 35419 3544 5 this this DT 35419 3544 6 respect respect NN 35419 3544 7 are be VBP 35419 3544 8 the the DT 35419 3544 9 California California NNP 35419 3544 10 redwoods redwood NNS 35419 3544 11 , , , 35419 3544 12 the the DT 35419 3544 13 big big JJ 35419 3544 14 trees tree NNS 35419 3544 15 , , , 35419 3544 16 and and CC 35419 3544 17 certain certain JJ 35419 3544 18 eucalypts eucalypt NNS 35419 3544 19 in in IN 35419 3544 20 Australia Australia NNP 35419 3544 21 . . . 35419 3545 1 This this DT 35419 3545 2 inability inability NN 35419 3545 3 of of IN 35419 3545 4 trees tree NNS 35419 3545 5 to to TO 35419 3545 6 grow grow VB 35419 3545 7 above above IN 35419 3545 8 a a DT 35419 3545 9 certain certain JJ 35419 3545 10 height height NN 35419 3545 11 results result VBZ 35419 3545 12 in in IN 35419 3545 13 a a DT 35419 3545 14 flattening flattening NN 35419 3545 15 of of IN 35419 3545 16 the the DT 35419 3545 17 crown crown NN 35419 3545 18 , , , 35419 3545 19 Fig Fig NNP 35419 3545 20 . . . 35419 3546 1 73 73 CD 35419 3546 2 , , , 35419 3546 3 and and CC 35419 3546 4 at at IN 35419 3546 5 this this DT 35419 3546 6 stage stage NN 35419 3546 7 , , , 35419 3546 8 the the DT 35419 3546 9 trees tree NNS 35419 3546 10 struggle struggle VBP 35419 3546 11 against against IN 35419 3546 12 each each DT 35419 3546 13 other other JJ 35419 3546 14 by by IN 35419 3546 15 crowding crowd VBG 35419 3546 16 at at IN 35419 3546 17 the the DT 35419 3546 18 side side NN 35419 3546 19 . . . 35419 3547 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 3547 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 3547 3 : : : 35419 3547 4 Fig Fig NNP 35419 3547 5 . . . 35419 3548 1 73 73 CD 35419 3548 2 . . . 35419 3549 1 Flattened Flattened NNP 35419 3549 2 Crown Crown NNP 35419 3549 3 of of IN 35419 3549 4 Red Red NNP 35419 3549 5 Pine Pine NNP 35419 3549 6 . . . 35419 3550 1 _ _ NNP 35419 3550 2 U.S. U.S. NNP 35419 3551 1 Forest Forest NNP 35419 3551 2 Service Service NNP 35419 3551 3 . . . 35419 3551 4 _ _ NNP 35419 3551 5 ] ] -RRB- 35419 3551 6 Inasmuch Inasmuch NNP 35419 3551 7 as as IN 35419 3551 8 trees tree NNS 35419 3551 9 grow grow VBP 35419 3551 10 more more RBR 35419 3551 11 sensitive sensitive JJ 35419 3551 12 to to TO 35419 3551 13 shade shade VB 35419 3551 14 with with IN 35419 3551 15 advancing advance VBG 35419 3551 16 age age NN 35419 3551 17 , , , 35419 3551 18 the the DT 35419 3551 19 taller tall JJR 35419 3551 20 trees tree NNS 35419 3551 21 have have VBP 35419 3551 22 the the DT 35419 3551 23 advantage advantage NN 35419 3551 24 . . . 35419 3552 1 Each each DT 35419 3552 2 survivor survivor NN 35419 3552 3 is be VBZ 35419 3552 4 one one CD 35419 3552 5 of of IN 35419 3552 6 a a DT 35419 3552 7 thousand thousand CD 35419 3552 8 , , , 35419 3552 9 and and CC 35419 3552 10 has have VBZ 35419 3552 11 outlived outlive VBN 35419 3552 12 the the DT 35419 3552 13 others other NNS 35419 3552 14 because because IN 35419 3552 15 it -PRON- PRP 35419 3552 16 is be VBZ 35419 3552 17 best well RBS 35419 3552 18 fitted fit VBN 35419 3552 19 for for IN 35419 3552 20 the the DT 35419 3552 21 place place NN 35419 3552 22 . . . 35419 3553 1 This this DT 35419 3553 2 fact fact NN 35419 3553 3 has have VBZ 35419 3553 4 its -PRON- PRP$ 35419 3553 5 effect effect NN 35419 3553 6 upon upon IN 35419 3553 7 the the DT 35419 3553 8 next next JJ 35419 3553 9 generation generation NN 35419 3553 10 , , , 35419 3553 11 because because IN 35419 3553 12 it -PRON- PRP 35419 3553 13 is be VBZ 35419 3553 14 these these DT 35419 3553 15 dominant dominant JJ 35419 3553 16 surviving surviving NN 35419 3553 17 trees tree NNS 35419 3553 18 which which WDT 35419 3553 19 bear bear VBP 35419 3553 20 seed seed NN 35419 3553 21 most most RBS 35419 3553 22 abundantly abundantly RB 35419 3553 23 . . . 35419 3554 1 After after IN 35419 3554 2 the the DT 35419 3554 3 tree tree NN 35419 3554 4 has have VBZ 35419 3554 5 finished finish VBN 35419 3554 6 growing grow VBG 35419 3554 7 in in IN 35419 3554 8 height height NN 35419 3554 9 and and CC 35419 3554 10 diameter diameter NN 35419 3554 11 most most RBS 35419 3554 12 vigorously vigorously RB 35419 3554 13 -- -- : 35419 3554 14 the the DT 35419 3554 15 pole pole NN 35419 3554 16 stage stage NN 35419 3554 17 -- -- : 35419 3554 18 and and CC 35419 3554 19 proved prove VBD 35419 3554 20 to to TO 35419 3554 21 be be VB 35419 3554 22 fitted fit VBN 35419 3554 23 for for IN 35419 3554 24 the the DT 35419 3554 25 place place NN 35419 3554 26 , , , 35419 3554 27 its -PRON- PRP$ 35419 3554 28 energy energy NN 35419 3554 29 is be VBZ 35419 3554 30 largely largely RB 35419 3554 31 spent spend VBN 35419 3554 32 in in IN 35419 3554 33 raising raise VBG 35419 3554 34 seed seed NN 35419 3554 35 . . . 35419 3555 1 As as IN 35419 3555 2 this this DT 35419 3555 3 process process NN 35419 3555 4 goes go VBZ 35419 3555 5 on on IN 35419 3555 6 generation generation NN 35419 3555 7 after after IN 35419 3555 8 generation generation NN 35419 3555 9 , , , 35419 3555 10 only only RB 35419 3555 11 the the DT 35419 3555 12 best good JJS 35419 3555 13 coming come VBG 35419 3555 14 to to IN 35419 3555 15 maturity maturity NN 35419 3555 16 in in IN 35419 3555 17 each each DT 35419 3555 18 , , , 35419 3555 19 the the DT 35419 3555 20 poorer poor JJR 35419 3555 21 sorts sort NNS 35419 3555 22 are be VBP 35419 3555 23 sifted sift VBN 35419 3555 24 out out RP 35419 3555 25 , , , 35419 3555 26 and and CC 35419 3555 27 each each DT 35419 3555 28 region region NN 35419 3555 29 and and CC 35419 3555 30 continent continent NN 35419 3555 31 has have VBZ 35419 3555 32 those those DT 35419 3555 33 species specie NNS 35419 3555 34 best well RBS 35419 3555 35 fitted fit VBD 35419 3555 36 to to TO 35419 3555 37 meet meet VB 35419 3555 38 the the DT 35419 3555 39 conditions condition NNS 35419 3555 40 of of IN 35419 3555 41 life life NN 35419 3555 42 there there RB 35419 3555 43 . . . 35419 3556 1 This this DT 35419 3556 2 is be VBZ 35419 3556 3 the the DT 35419 3556 4 reason reason NN 35419 3556 5 why why WRB 35419 3556 6 exotics exotic NNS 35419 3556 7 are be VBP 35419 3556 8 very very RB 35419 3556 9 likely likely JJ 35419 3556 10 to to TO 35419 3556 11 be be VB 35419 3556 12 sensitive sensitive JJ 35419 3556 13 and and CC 35419 3556 14 perhaps perhaps RB 35419 3556 15 succumb succumb VB 35419 3556 16 to to IN 35419 3556 17 influences influence NNS 35419 3556 18 to to TO 35419 3556 19 which which WDT 35419 3556 20 native native JJ 35419 3556 21 trees tree NNS 35419 3556 22 are be VBP 35419 3556 23 immune immune JJ 35419 3556 24 . . . 35419 3557 1 Standards standard NNS 35419 3557 2 and and CC 35419 3557 3 veterans veteran NNS 35419 3557 4 are be VBP 35419 3557 5 the the DT 35419 3557 6 survivors survivor NNS 35419 3557 7 of of IN 35419 3557 8 all all PDT 35419 3557 9 the the DT 35419 3557 10 lower low JJR 35419 3557 11 stages stage NNS 35419 3557 12 , , , 35419 3557 13 each each DT 35419 3557 14 of of IN 35419 3557 15 which which WDT 35419 3557 16 has have VBZ 35419 3557 17 had have VBN 35419 3557 18 its -PRON- PRP$ 35419 3557 19 especial especial JJ 35419 3557 20 dangers danger NNS 35419 3557 21 . . . 35419 3558 1 If if IN 35419 3558 2 left leave VBN 35419 3558 3 alone alone RB 35419 3558 4 , , , 35419 3558 5 the the DT 35419 3558 6 tree tree NN 35419 3558 7 gradually gradually RB 35419 3558 8 dies die VBZ 35419 3558 9 and and CC 35419 3558 10 at at IN 35419 3558 11 last last JJ 35419 3558 12 falls fall NNS 35419 3558 13 and and CC 35419 3558 14 decays decay NNS 35419 3558 15 , , , 35419 3558 16 adding add VBG 35419 3558 17 somewhat somewhat RB 35419 3558 18 to to IN 35419 3558 19 the the DT 35419 3558 20 fertility fertility NN 35419 3558 21 of of IN 35419 3558 22 the the DT 35419 3558 23 forest forest NN 35419 3558 24 soil soil NN 35419 3558 25 . . . 35419 3559 1 From from IN 35419 3559 2 the the DT 35419 3559 3 point point NN 35419 3559 4 of of IN 35419 3559 5 view view NN 35419 3559 6 of of IN 35419 3559 7 human human JJ 35419 3559 8 use use NN 35419 3559 9 , , , 35419 3559 10 it -PRON- PRP 35419 3559 11 would would MD 35419 3559 12 far far RB 35419 3559 13 better well RBR 35419 3559 14 have have VBP 35419 3559 15 been be VBN 35419 3559 16 cut cut VBN 35419 3559 17 when when WRB 35419 3559 18 ripe ripe JJ 35419 3559 19 and and CC 35419 3559 20 turned turn VBD 35419 3559 21 into into IN 35419 3559 22 lumber lumber NN 35419 3559 23 . . . 35419 3560 1 It -PRON- PRP 35419 3560 2 is be VBZ 35419 3560 3 a a DT 35419 3560 4 mistake mistake NN 35419 3560 5 to to TO 35419 3560 6 suppose suppose VB 35419 3560 7 that that IN 35419 3560 8 the the DT 35419 3560 9 natural natural JJ 35419 3560 10 virgin virgin NNP 35419 3560 11 forest forest NNP 35419 3560 12 is be VBZ 35419 3560 13 the the DT 35419 3560 14 best good JJS 35419 3560 15 possible possible JJ 35419 3560 16 forest forest NN 35419 3560 17 , , , 35419 3560 18 and and CC 35419 3560 19 that that IN 35419 3560 20 it -PRON- PRP 35419 3560 21 should should MD 35419 3560 22 therefore therefore RB 35419 3560 23 be be VB 35419 3560 24 left leave VBN 35419 3560 25 alone alone RB 35419 3560 26 . . . 35419 3561 1 In in IN 35419 3561 2 the the DT 35419 3561 3 National National NNP 35419 3561 4 Forests Forests NNPS 35419 3561 5 the the DT 35419 3561 6 ripe ripe JJ 35419 3561 7 lumber lumber NN 35419 3561 8 is be VBZ 35419 3561 9 sold sell VBN 35419 3561 10 and and CC 35419 3561 11 a a DT 35419 3561 12 considerable considerable JJ 35419 3561 13 revenue revenue NN 35419 3561 14 is be VBZ 35419 3561 15 thus thus RB 35419 3561 16 available available JJ 35419 3561 17 . . . 35419 3562 1 But but CC 35419 3562 2 nature nature NN 35419 3562 3 's 's POS 35419 3562 4 way way NN 35419 3562 5 with with IN 35419 3562 6 the the DT 35419 3562 7 dead dead JJ 35419 3562 8 tree tree NN 35419 3562 9 is be VBZ 35419 3562 10 to to TO 35419 3562 11 use use VB 35419 3562 12 it -PRON- PRP 35419 3562 13 to to TO 35419 3562 14 produce produce VB 35419 3562 15 more more JJR 35419 3562 16 life life NN 35419 3562 17 . . . 35419 3563 1 How how WRB 35419 3563 2 she -PRON- PRP 35419 3563 3 does do VBZ 35419 3563 4 so so RB 35419 3563 5 will will MD 35419 3563 6 be be VB 35419 3563 7 explained explain VBN 35419 3563 8 in in IN 35419 3563 9 the the DT 35419 3563 10 next next JJ 35419 3563 11 chapter chapter NN 35419 3563 12 , , , 35419 3563 13 on on IN 35419 3563 14 the the DT 35419 3563 15 enemies enemy NNS 35419 3563 16 of of IN 35419 3563 17 the the DT 35419 3563 18 forest forest NN 35419 3563 19 . . . 35419 3564 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 3564 2 Footnote footnote NN 35419 3564 3 1 1 CD 35419 3564 4 : : : 35419 3564 5 Gifford Gifford NNP 35419 3564 6 Pinchot Pinchot NNP 35419 3564 7 , , , 35419 3564 8 _ _ NNP 35419 3564 9 Primer Primer NNP 35419 3564 10 of of IN 35419 3564 11 Forestry Forestry NNP 35419 3564 12 _ _ NNP 35419 3564 13 , , , 35419 3564 14 p. p. NN 35419 3565 1 44 44 CD 35419 3565 2 . . . 35419 3565 3 ] ] -RRB- 35419 3566 1 THE the DT 35419 3566 2 FOREST FOREST NNP 35419 3566 3 ORGANISM ORGANISM NNP 35419 3566 4 . . . 35419 3567 1 REFERENCES:[A REFERENCES:[A NNP 35419 3567 2 ] ] -RRB- 35419 3567 3 Pinchot Pinchot NNP 35419 3567 4 , , , 35419 3567 5 _ _ NNP 35419 3567 6 For for IN 35419 3567 7 . . . 35419 3568 1 Bull Bull NNP 35419 3568 2 . . . 35419 3568 3 _ _ NNP 35419 3568 4 No no UH 35419 3568 5 . . . 35419 3569 1 24 24 CD 35419 3569 2 , , , 35419 3569 3 I -PRON- PRP 35419 3569 4 , , , 35419 3569 5 pp pp NNP 35419 3569 6 . . . 35419 3570 1 25 25 CD 35419 3570 2 - - SYM 35419 3570 3 66 66 CD 35419 3570 4 . . . 35419 3571 1 Bruncken Bruncken NNP 35419 3571 2 , , , 35419 3571 3 pp pp ADD 35419 3571 4 . . . 35419 3572 1 13 13 CD 35419 3572 2 - - SYM 35419 3572 3 31 31 CD 35419 3572 4 . . . 35419 3573 1 _ _ NNP 35419 3573 2 For for IN 35419 3573 3 . . . 35419 3574 1 Circ Circ NNP 35419 3574 2 . . . 35419 3574 3 _ _ NNP 35419 3574 4 No no UH 35419 3574 5 . . . 35419 3575 1 36 36 CD 35419 3575 2 , , , 35419 3575 3 p. p. NN 35419 3575 4 8 8 CD 35419 3575 5 . . . 35419 3576 1 Fernow Fernow NNP 35419 3576 2 , , , 35419 3576 3 _ _ NNP 35419 3576 4 Economics Economics NNP 35419 3576 5 _ _ NNP 35419 3576 6 , , , 35419 3576 7 pp pp NNP 35419 3576 8 . . . 35419 3577 1 140 140 CD 35419 3577 2 - - SYM 35419 3577 3 164 164 CD 35419 3577 4 . . . 35419 3578 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 3578 2 Footnote Footnote NNP 35419 3578 3 A A NNP 35419 3578 4 : : : 35419 3578 5 For for IN 35419 3578 6 general general JJ 35419 3578 7 bibliography bibliography NN 35419 3578 8 , , , 35419 3578 9 see see VB 35419 3578 10 p. p. NN 35419 3578 11 4 4 CD 35419 3578 12 ] ] -RRB- 35419 3578 13 CHAPTER CHAPTER NNP 35419 3578 14 VI VI NNP 35419 3578 15 . . . 35419 3579 1 NATURAL natural JJ 35419 3579 2 ENEMIES enemy NNS 35419 3579 3 OF of IN 35419 3579 4 THE the DT 35419 3579 5 FOREST FOREST NNP 35419 3579 6 . . . 35419 3580 1 The the DT 35419 3580 2 natural natural JJ 35419 3580 3 enemies enemy NNS 35419 3580 4 of of IN 35419 3580 5 the the DT 35419 3580 6 forest forest NN 35419 3580 7 -- -- : 35419 3580 8 as as IN 35419 3580 9 distinct distinct JJ 35419 3580 10 from from IN 35419 3580 11 its -PRON- PRP$ 35419 3580 12 human human JJ 35419 3580 13 enemies enemy NNS 35419 3580 14 -- -- : 35419 3580 15 fall fall VB 35419 3580 16 into into IN 35419 3580 17 three three CD 35419 3580 18 groups group NNS 35419 3580 19 : : : 35419 3580 20 ( ( -LRB- 35419 3580 21 1 1 LS 35419 3580 22 ) ) -RRB- 35419 3580 23 Meteorological Meteorological NNP 35419 3580 24 , , , 35419 3580 25 ( ( -LRB- 35419 3580 26 2 2 LS 35419 3580 27 ) ) -RRB- 35419 3580 28 Vegetable vegetable NN 35419 3580 29 , , , 35419 3580 30 ( ( -LRB- 35419 3580 31 3 3 LS 35419 3580 32 ) ) -RRB- 35419 3580 33 Animal animal NN 35419 3580 34 . . . 35419 3581 1 METEOROLOGICAL METEOROLOGICAL NNP 35419 3581 2 FORCES force NNS 35419 3581 3 . . . 35419 3582 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 3582 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 3582 3 : : : 35419 3582 4 Fig Fig NNP 35419 3582 5 . . . 35419 3583 1 74 74 CD 35419 3583 2 . . . 35419 3584 1 Effect effect NN 35419 3584 2 of of IN 35419 3584 3 Wind Wind NNP 35419 3584 4 , , , 35419 3584 5 July July NNP 35419 3584 6 , , , 35419 3584 7 1902 1902 CD 35419 3584 8 , , , 35419 3584 9 Cass Cass NNP 35419 3584 10 County County NNP 35419 3584 11 , , , 35419 3584 12 Minnesota Minnesota NNP 35419 3584 13 . . . 35419 3585 1 _ _ NNP 35419 3585 2 U. U. NNP 35419 3586 1 S. S. NNP 35419 3586 2 Forest Forest NNP 35419 3586 3 Service Service NNP 35419 3586 4 . . . 35419 3586 5 _ _ NNP 35419 3586 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 3586 7 _ _ NNP 35419 3586 8 Wind Wind NNP 35419 3586 9 . . . 35419 3586 10 _ _ NNP 35419 3586 11 " " `` 35419 3586 12 Windfalls Windfalls NNPS 35419 3586 13 " " `` 35419 3586 14 are be VBP 35419 3586 15 not not RB 35419 3586 16 an an DT 35419 3586 17 uncommon uncommon JJ 35419 3586 18 sight sight NN 35419 3586 19 in in IN 35419 3586 20 any any DT 35419 3586 21 forest forest NN 35419 3586 22 . . . 35419 3587 1 Frequently frequently RB 35419 3587 2 only only RB 35419 3587 3 small small JJ 35419 3587 4 areas area NNS 35419 3587 5 are be VBP 35419 3587 6 blown blow VBN 35419 3587 7 down down RP 35419 3587 8 , , , 35419 3587 9 one one CD 35419 3587 10 large large JJ 35419 3587 11 tree tree NN 35419 3587 12 upsetting upset VBG 35419 3587 13 a a DT 35419 3587 14 few few JJ 35419 3587 15 others other NNS 35419 3587 16 , , , 35419 3587 17 or or CC 35419 3587 18 again again RB 35419 3587 19 a a DT 35419 3587 20 vast vast JJ 35419 3587 21 region region NN 35419 3587 22 is be VBZ 35419 3587 23 destroyed destroy VBN 35419 3587 24 by by IN 35419 3587 25 great great JJ 35419 3587 26 storms storm NNS 35419 3587 27 , , , 35419 3587 28 Fig Fig NNP 35419 3587 29 . . . 35419 3588 1 74 74 CD 35419 3588 2 . . . 35419 3589 1 An an DT 35419 3589 2 area area NN 35419 3589 3 of of IN 35419 3589 4 many many JJ 35419 3589 5 square square JJ 35419 3589 6 miles mile NNS 35419 3589 7 in in IN 35419 3589 8 Florida Florida NNP 35419 3589 9 covered cover VBN 35419 3589 10 with with IN 35419 3589 11 long long JJ 35419 3589 12 - - HYPH 35419 3589 13 leaf leaf NN 35419 3589 14 pine pine NN 35419 3589 15 was be VBD 35419 3589 16 thus thus RB 35419 3589 17 destroyed destroy VBN 35419 3589 18 several several JJ 35419 3589 19 years year NNS 35419 3589 20 ago ago RB 35419 3589 21 . . . 35419 3590 1 The the DT 35419 3590 2 " " `` 35419 3590 3 slash slash NN 35419 3590 4 " " '' 35419 3590 5 thus thus RB 35419 3590 6 formed form VBN 35419 3590 7 , , , 35419 3590 8 when when WRB 35419 3590 9 well well RB 35419 3590 10 dried dry VBN 35419 3590 11 , , , 35419 3590 12 is be VBZ 35419 3590 13 particularly particularly RB 35419 3590 14 liable liable JJ 35419 3590 15 to to TO 35419 3590 16 catch catch VB 35419 3590 17 fire fire NN 35419 3590 18 and and CC 35419 3590 19 burn burn VB 35419 3590 20 furiously furiously RB 35419 3590 21 . . . 35419 3591 1 Windfalls windfall NNS 35419 3591 2 are be VBP 35419 3591 3 especially especially RB 35419 3591 4 common common JJ 35419 3591 5 among among IN 35419 3591 6 shallow shallow JJ 35419 3591 7 - - HYPH 35419 3591 8 rooted root VBN 35419 3591 9 trees tree NNS 35419 3591 10 , , , 35419 3591 11 as as IN 35419 3591 12 hemlock hemlock NNP 35419 3591 13 , , , 35419 3591 14 basswood basswood NN 35419 3591 15 and and CC 35419 3591 16 spruce spruce NN 35419 3591 17 , , , 35419 3591 18 on on IN 35419 3591 19 sandy sandy JJ 35419 3591 20 soil soil NN 35419 3591 21 and and CC 35419 3591 22 on on IN 35419 3591 23 shallow shallow JJ 35419 3591 24 soil soil NN 35419 3591 25 underlaid underlaid NN 35419 3591 26 with with IN 35419 3591 27 solid solid JJ 35419 3591 28 stone stone NN 35419 3591 29 , , , 35419 3591 30 especially especially RB 35419 3591 31 where where WRB 35419 3591 32 open open JJ 35419 3591 33 spaces space NNS 35419 3591 34 give give VBP 35419 3591 35 the the DT 35419 3591 36 wind wind NN 35419 3591 37 free free JJ 35419 3591 38 sweep sweep NN 35419 3591 39 . . . 35419 3592 1 It -PRON- PRP 35419 3592 2 follows follow VBZ 35419 3592 3 that that IN 35419 3592 4 an an DT 35419 3592 5 unbroken unbroken JJ 35419 3592 6 forest forest NN 35419 3592 7 is be VBZ 35419 3592 8 a a DT 35419 3592 9 great great JJ 35419 3592 10 protection protection NN 35419 3592 11 to to IN 35419 3592 12 itself -PRON- PRP 35419 3592 13 . . . 35419 3593 1 The the DT 35419 3593 2 only only JJ 35419 3593 3 precautions precaution NNS 35419 3593 4 against against IN 35419 3593 5 wind wind NN 35419 3593 6 therefore therefore RB 35419 3593 7 , , , 35419 3593 8 that that DT 35419 3593 9 can can MD 35419 3593 10 be be VB 35419 3593 11 taken take VBN 35419 3593 12 by by IN 35419 3593 13 the the DT 35419 3593 14 forester forester NN 35419 3593 15 , , , 35419 3593 16 are be VBP 35419 3593 17 to to TO 35419 3593 18 keep keep VB 35419 3593 19 the the DT 35419 3593 20 forest forest NN 35419 3593 21 unbroken unbroken VBN 35419 3593 22 by by IN 35419 3593 23 selecting select VBG 35419 3593 24 only only RB 35419 3593 25 the the DT 35419 3593 26 larger large JJR 35419 3593 27 trees tree NNS 35419 3593 28 for for IN 35419 3593 29 felling felling NN 35419 3593 30 or or CC 35419 3593 31 to to TO 35419 3593 32 cut cut VB 35419 3593 33 down down RP 35419 3593 34 a a DT 35419 3593 35 given give VBN 35419 3593 36 tract tract NN 35419 3593 37 by by IN 35419 3593 38 beginning begin VBG 35419 3593 39 at at IN 35419 3593 40 the the DT 35419 3593 41 side side NN 35419 3593 42 opposite opposite IN 35419 3593 43 the the DT 35419 3593 44 direction direction NN 35419 3593 45 of of IN 35419 3593 46 prevailing prevail VBG 35419 3593 47 storms storm NNS 35419 3593 48 and and CC 35419 3593 49 working work VBG 35419 3593 50 toward toward IN 35419 3593 51 them -PRON- PRP 35419 3593 52 . . . 35419 3594 1 In in IN 35419 3594 2 sandy sandy JJ 35419 3594 3 regions region NNS 35419 3594 4 , , , 35419 3594 5 the the DT 35419 3594 6 wind wind NN 35419 3594 7 does do VBZ 35419 3594 8 immense immense JJ 35419 3594 9 harm harm NN 35419 3594 10 by by IN 35419 3594 11 blowing blow VBG 35419 3594 12 the the DT 35419 3594 13 sand sand NN 35419 3594 14 to to IN 35419 3594 15 and and CC 35419 3594 16 fro fro NNP 35419 3594 17 in in IN 35419 3594 18 constantly constantly RB 35419 3594 19 shifting shift VBG 35419 3594 20 dunes dune NNS 35419 3594 21 , , , 35419 3594 22 Figs fig NNS 35419 3594 23 . . . 35419 3595 1 75 75 CD 35419 3595 2 and and CC 35419 3595 3 76 76 CD 35419 3595 4 . . . 35419 3596 1 These these DT 35419 3596 2 dunes dune NNS 35419 3596 3 occupy occupy VBP 35419 3596 4 long long JJ 35419 3596 5 stretches stretch NNS 35419 3596 6 of of IN 35419 3596 7 the the DT 35419 3596 8 Atlantic Atlantic NNP 35419 3596 9 coast coast NN 35419 3596 10 and and CC 35419 3596 11 the the DT 35419 3596 12 shore shore NN 35419 3596 13 of of IN 35419 3596 14 Lake Lake NNP 35419 3596 15 Michigan Michigan NNP 35419 3596 16 . . . 35419 3597 1 Such such JJ 35419 3597 2 dunes dune NNS 35419 3597 3 have have VBP 35419 3597 4 been be VBN 35419 3597 5 estimated estimate VBN 35419 3597 6 to to TO 35419 3597 7 cover cover VB 35419 3597 8 20,000 20,000 CD 35419 3597 9 square square JJ 35419 3597 10 miles mile NNS 35419 3597 11 of of IN 35419 3597 12 Europe Europe NNP 35419 3597 13 . . . 35419 3598 1 Along along IN 35419 3598 2 the the DT 35419 3598 3 Bay Bay NNP 35419 3598 4 of of IN 35419 3598 5 Biscay Biscay NNP 35419 3598 6 in in IN 35419 3598 7 France France NNP 35419 3598 8 , , , 35419 3598 9 the the DT 35419 3598 10 sand sand NN 35419 3598 11 dunes dun VBZ 35419 3598 12 formerly formerly RB 35419 3598 13 drifted drift VBD 35419 3598 14 in in IN 35419 3598 15 ridges ridge NNS 35419 3598 16 along along IN 35419 3598 17 the the DT 35419 3598 18 shore shore NN 35419 3598 19 , , , 35419 3598 20 damming dam VBG 35419 3598 21 up up RP 35419 3598 22 the the DT 35419 3598 23 streams stream NNS 35419 3598 24 and and CC 35419 3598 25 converting convert VBG 35419 3598 26 what what WP 35419 3598 27 was be VBD 35419 3598 28 once once RB 35419 3598 29 a a DT 35419 3598 30 forest forest NN 35419 3598 31 into into IN 35419 3598 32 a a DT 35419 3598 33 pestilential pestilential JJ 35419 3598 34 marsh marsh NN 35419 3598 35 . . . 35419 3599 1 This this DT 35419 3599 2 region region NN 35419 3599 3 has have VBZ 35419 3599 4 been be VBN 35419 3599 5 reclaimed reclaim VBN 35419 3599 6 at at IN 35419 3599 7 great great JJ 35419 3599 8 expense expense NN 35419 3599 9 by by IN 35419 3599 10 building build VBG 35419 3599 11 fences fence NNS 35419 3599 12 along along IN 35419 3599 13 the the DT 35419 3599 14 shore shore NN 35419 3599 15 to to TO 35419 3599 16 break break VB 35419 3599 17 the the DT 35419 3599 18 wind wind NN 35419 3599 19 and and CC 35419 3599 20 thus thus RB 35419 3599 21 keep keep VB 35419 3599 22 the the DT 35419 3599 23 moving move VBG 35419 3599 24 sand sand NN 35419 3599 25 within within IN 35419 3599 26 limits limit NNS 35419 3599 27 . . . 35419 3600 1 In in IN 35419 3600 2 this this DT 35419 3600 3 way way NN 35419 3600 4 a a DT 35419 3600 5 million million CD 35419 3600 6 acres acre NNS 35419 3600 7 of of IN 35419 3600 8 productive productive JJ 35419 3600 9 forest forest NN 35419 3600 10 have have VBP 35419 3600 11 been be VBN 35419 3600 12 obtained obtain VBN 35419 3600 13 . . . 35419 3601 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 3601 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 3601 3 : : : 35419 3601 4 Fig Fig NNP 35419 3601 5 . . . 35419 3602 1 75 75 CD 35419 3602 2 . . . 35419 3603 1 Sand sand NN 35419 3603 2 - - HYPH 35419 3603 3 dunes dune NNS 35419 3603 4 , , , 35419 3603 5 Cape Cape NNP 35419 3603 6 May May NNP 35419 3603 7 , , , 35419 3603 8 New New NNP 35419 3603 9 Jersey Jersey NNP 35419 3603 10 . . . 35419 3604 1 _ _ NNP 35419 3604 2 U.S. U.S. NNP 35419 3605 1 Forest Forest NNP 35419 3605 2 Service Service NNP 35419 3605 3 . . . 35419 3605 4 _ _ NNP 35419 3605 5 ] ] -RRB- 35419 3605 6 [ [ -LRB- 35419 3605 7 Illustration illustration NN 35419 3605 8 : : : 35419 3605 9 Fig Fig NNP 35419 3605 10 . . . 35419 3606 1 76 76 CD 35419 3606 2 . . . 35419 3607 1 Sand sand NN 35419 3607 2 - - HYPH 35419 3607 3 dune dune NN 35419 3607 4 . . . 35419 3608 1 Oregon Oregon NNP 35419 3608 2 . . . 35419 3609 1 _ _ NNP 35419 3609 2 U.S. U.S. NNP 35419 3610 1 Forest Forest NNP 35419 3610 2 Service Service NNP 35419 3610 3 . . . 35419 3610 4 _ _ NNP 35419 3610 5 ] ] -RRB- 35419 3610 6 On on IN 35419 3610 7 the the DT 35419 3610 8 other other JJ 35419 3610 9 hand hand NN 35419 3610 10 winds wind NNS 35419 3610 11 are be VBP 35419 3610 12 beneficial beneficial JJ 35419 3610 13 to to IN 35419 3610 14 the the DT 35419 3610 15 forest forest NN 35419 3610 16 in in IN 35419 3610 17 scattering scatter VBG 35419 3610 18 seeds seed NNS 35419 3610 19 , , , 35419 3610 20 weeding weed VBG 35419 3610 21 out out RP 35419 3610 22 weak weak JJ 35419 3610 23 trees tree NNS 35419 3610 24 , , , 35419 3610 25 and and CC 35419 3610 26 developing develop VBG 35419 3610 27 strength strength NN 35419 3610 28 in in IN 35419 3610 29 tree tree NN 35419 3610 30 trunks trunk NNS 35419 3610 31 . . . 35419 3611 1 _ _ NNP 35419 3611 2 Drouth Drouth NNP 35419 3611 3 _ _ NNP 35419 3611 4 both both DT 35419 3611 5 injures injure VBZ 35419 3611 6 the the DT 35419 3611 7 foliage foliage NN 35419 3611 8 of of IN 35419 3611 9 trees tree NNS 35419 3611 10 and and CC 35419 3611 11 causes cause VBZ 35419 3611 12 defects defect NNS 35419 3611 13 in in IN 35419 3611 14 the the DT 35419 3611 15 grain grain NN 35419 3611 16 of of IN 35419 3611 17 wood wood NN 35419 3611 18 , , , 35419 3611 19 the the DT 35419 3611 20 latter latter JJ 35419 3611 21 appearing appear VBG 35419 3611 22 as as IN 35419 3611 23 " " `` 35419 3611 24 false false JJ 35419 3611 25 rings ring NNS 35419 3611 26 . . . 35419 3611 27 " " '' 35419 3612 1 These these DT 35419 3612 2 arise arise VBP 35419 3612 3 from from IN 35419 3612 4 the the DT 35419 3612 5 effort effort NN 35419 3612 6 of of IN 35419 3612 7 the the DT 35419 3612 8 tree tree NN 35419 3612 9 to to TO 35419 3612 10 resume resume VB 35419 3612 11 growth growth NN 35419 3612 12 when when WRB 35419 3612 13 the the DT 35419 3612 14 water water NN 35419 3612 15 supply supply NN 35419 3612 16 is be VBZ 35419 3612 17 restored restore VBN 35419 3612 18 . . . 35419 3613 1 See see VB 35419 3613 2 p. p. NN 35419 3613 3 19 19 CD 35419 3613 4 . . . 35419 3614 1 _ _ NNP 35419 3614 2 Water Water NNP 35419 3614 3 . . . 35419 3614 4 _ _ NNP 35419 3614 5 Certain certain JJ 35419 3614 6 trees tree NNS 35419 3614 7 have have VBP 35419 3614 8 become become VBN 35419 3614 9 accustomed accustomed JJ 35419 3614 10 to to IN 35419 3614 11 living live VBG 35419 3614 12 in in IN 35419 3614 13 much much JJ 35419 3614 14 water water NN 35419 3614 15 , , , 35419 3614 16 as as IN 35419 3614 17 cedar cedar NN 35419 3614 18 and and CC 35419 3614 19 cypress cypress NN 35419 3614 20 have have VBP 35419 3614 21 in in IN 35419 3614 22 swamps swamp NNS 35419 3614 23 , , , 35419 3614 24 and and CC 35419 3614 25 certain certain JJ 35419 3614 26 trees tree NNS 35419 3614 27 have have VBP 35419 3614 28 become become VBN 35419 3614 29 accustomed accustomed JJ 35419 3614 30 to to IN 35419 3614 31 periodical periodical JJ 35419 3614 32 floods flood NNS 35419 3614 33 , , , 35419 3614 34 but but CC 35419 3614 35 other other JJ 35419 3614 36 trees tree NNS 35419 3614 37 are be VBP 35419 3614 38 killed kill VBN 35419 3614 39 by by IN 35419 3614 40 much much JJ 35419 3614 41 water water NN 35419 3614 42 . . . 35419 3615 1 So so RB 35419 3615 2 when when WRB 35419 3615 3 lumbermen lumberman NNS 35419 3615 4 make make VBP 35419 3615 5 a a DT 35419 3615 6 pond pond NN 35419 3615 7 which which WDT 35419 3615 8 overflows overflow VBZ 35419 3615 9 forest forest NN 35419 3615 10 land land NN 35419 3615 11 , , , 35419 3615 12 the the DT 35419 3615 13 trees tree NNS 35419 3615 14 soon soon RB 35419 3615 15 die die VBP 35419 3615 16 , , , 35419 3615 17 Fig Fig NNP 35419 3615 18 . . . 35419 3616 1 77 77 CD 35419 3616 2 . . . 35419 3617 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 3617 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 3617 3 : : : 35419 3617 4 Fig Fig NNP 35419 3617 5 . . . 35419 3618 1 77 77 CD 35419 3618 2 . . . 35419 3619 1 Effect effect NN 35419 3619 2 of of IN 35419 3619 3 Flooding Flooding NNP 35419 3619 4 . . . 35419 3620 1 First First NNP 35419 3620 2 Connecticut Connecticut NNP 35419 3620 3 Lake Lake NNP 35419 3620 4 , , , 35419 3620 5 New New NNP 35419 3620 6 Hampshire Hampshire NNP 35419 3620 7 . . . 35419 3621 1 _ _ NNP 35419 3621 2 U. U. NNP 35419 3622 1 S. S. NNP 35419 3622 2 Forest Forest NNP 35419 3622 3 Service Service NNP 35419 3622 4 . . . 35419 3622 5 _ _ NNP 35419 3622 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 3622 7 _ _ NNP 35419 3622 8 Lightning Lightning NNP 35419 3622 9 _ _ NNP 35419 3622 10 frequently frequently RB 35419 3622 11 blasts blast VBZ 35419 3622 12 single single JJ 35419 3622 13 trees tree NNS 35419 3622 14 , , , 35419 3622 15 and and CC 35419 3622 16 in in IN 35419 3622 17 dry dry JJ 35419 3622 18 seasons season NNS 35419 3622 19 may may MD 35419 3622 20 set set VB 35419 3622 21 fire fire NN 35419 3622 22 to to IN 35419 3622 23 forests forest NNS 35419 3622 24 . . . 35419 3623 1 This this DT 35419 3623 2 is be VBZ 35419 3623 3 a a DT 35419 3623 4 much much RB 35419 3623 5 more more RBR 35419 3623 6 important important JJ 35419 3623 7 factor factor NN 35419 3623 8 in in IN 35419 3623 9 the the DT 35419 3623 10 west west NN 35419 3623 11 than than IN 35419 3623 12 in in IN 35419 3623 13 the the DT 35419 3623 14 east,--in east,--in NNP 35419 3623 15 the the DT 35419 3623 16 Rockies Rockies NNPS 35419 3623 17 , , , 35419 3623 18 for for IN 35419 3623 19 instance instance NN 35419 3623 20 , , , 35419 3623 21 where where WRB 35419 3623 22 there there EX 35419 3623 23 are be VBP 35419 3623 24 electrical electrical JJ 35419 3623 25 storms storm NNS 35419 3623 26 without without IN 35419 3623 27 rain rain NN 35419 3623 28 . . . 35419 3624 1 _ _ NNP 35419 3624 2 Fires Fires NNP 35419 3624 3 _ _ NNP 35419 3624 4 will will MD 35419 3624 5 be be VB 35419 3624 6 considered consider VBN 35419 3624 7 later later RB 35419 3624 8 under under IN 35419 3624 9 man man NN 35419 3624 10 's 's POS 35419 3624 11 relation relation NN 35419 3624 12 to to IN 35419 3624 13 the the DT 35419 3624 14 forest forest NN 35419 3624 15 . . . 35419 3625 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 3625 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 3625 3 : : : 35419 3625 4 Fig Fig NNP 35419 3625 5 . . . 35419 3626 1 78 78 CD 35419 3626 2 . . . 35419 3627 1 Slim slim JJ 35419 3627 2 Trees tree NNS 35419 3627 3 Bent bent VBP 35419 3627 4 Over over RP 35419 3627 5 by by IN 35419 3627 6 Snow Snow NNP 35419 3627 7 ; ; : 35419 3627 8 Stouter Stouter NNP 35419 3627 9 Trees Trees NNP 35419 3627 10 Unharmed unharme VBD 35419 3627 11 . . . 35419 3628 1 Zurich Zurich NNP 35419 3628 2 , , , 35419 3628 3 Switzerland Switzerland NNP 35419 3628 4 . . . 35419 3629 1 _ _ NNP 35419 3629 2 U. U. NNP 35419 3630 1 S. S. NNP 35419 3630 2 Forest Forest NNP 35419 3630 3 Service Service NNP 35419 3630 4 . . . 35419 3630 5 _ _ NNP 35419 3630 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 3630 7 _ _ NNP 35419 3630 8 Snow Snow NNP 35419 3630 9 and and CC 35419 3630 10 ice ice NN 35419 3630 11 _ _ NNP 35419 3630 12 often often RB 35419 3630 13 bring bring VBP 35419 3630 14 serious serious JJ 35419 3630 15 harm harm NN 35419 3630 16 to to IN 35419 3630 17 saplings sapling NNS 35419 3630 18 by by IN 35419 3630 19 permanently permanently RB 35419 3630 20 bending bend VBG 35419 3630 21 them -PRON- PRP 35419 3630 22 over over RP 35419 3630 23 , , , 35419 3630 24 Fig Fig NNP 35419 3630 25 . . . 35419 3631 1 78 78 CD 35419 3631 2 , , , 35419 3631 3 or or CC 35419 3631 4 by by IN 35419 3631 5 breaking break VBG 35419 3631 6 off off RP 35419 3631 7 tops top NNS 35419 3631 8 and and CC 35419 3631 9 branches branch NNS 35419 3631 10 . . . 35419 3632 1 _ _ NNP 35419 3632 2 Frost Frost NNP 35419 3632 3 _ _ NNP 35419 3632 4 kills kill VBZ 35419 3632 5 young young JJ 35419 3632 6 plants plant NNS 35419 3632 7 ; ; : 35419 3632 8 and and CC 35419 3632 9 sudden sudden JJ 35419 3632 10 changes change NNS 35419 3632 11 in in IN 35419 3632 12 temperature temperature NN 35419 3632 13 seriously seriously RB 35419 3632 14 affect affect VB 35419 3632 15 grown grown JJ 35419 3632 16 timber timber NN 35419 3632 17 , , , 35419 3632 18 producing produce VBG 35419 3632 19 " " `` 35419 3632 20 frost frost NN 35419 3632 21 checks check NNS 35419 3632 22 " " '' 35419 3632 23 and and CC 35419 3632 24 " " `` 35419 3632 25 wind wind NN 35419 3632 26 shakes shake NNS 35419 3632 27 . . . 35419 3632 28 " " '' 35419 3633 1 When when WRB 35419 3633 2 there there EX 35419 3633 3 is be VBZ 35419 3633 4 a a DT 35419 3633 5 sudden sudden JJ 35419 3633 6 fall fall NN 35419 3633 7 in in IN 35419 3633 8 temperature temperature NN 35419 3633 9 , , , 35419 3633 10 the the DT 35419 3633 11 outside outside JJ 35419 3633 12 layers layer NNS 35419 3633 13 of of IN 35419 3633 14 the the DT 35419 3633 15 tree tree NN 35419 3633 16 , , , 35419 3633 17 which which WDT 35419 3633 18 are be VBP 35419 3633 19 full full JJ 35419 3633 20 of of IN 35419 3633 21 sap sap NN 35419 3633 22 , , , 35419 3633 23 contract contract VB 35419 3633 24 more more RBR 35419 3633 25 rapidly rapidly RB 35419 3633 26 than than IN 35419 3633 27 the the DT 35419 3633 28 inner inner JJ 35419 3633 29 portions portion NNS 35419 3633 30 , , , 35419 3633 31 with with IN 35419 3633 32 the the DT 35419 3633 33 result result NN 35419 3633 34 that that IN 35419 3633 35 the the DT 35419 3633 36 tree tree NN 35419 3633 37 splits split VBZ 35419 3633 38 with with IN 35419 3633 39 a a DT 35419 3633 40 sudden sudden JJ 35419 3633 41 pistol pistol NN 35419 3633 42 - - HYPH 35419 3633 43 like like JJ 35419 3633 44 report report NN 35419 3633 45 , , , 35419 3633 46 the the DT 35419 3633 47 check check NN 35419 3633 48 running run VBG 35419 3633 49 radially radially RB 35419 3633 50 up up RB 35419 3633 51 and and CC 35419 3633 52 down down IN 35419 3633 53 the the DT 35419 3633 54 tree tree NN 35419 3633 55 . . . 35419 3634 1 This this DT 35419 3634 2 is be VBZ 35419 3634 3 called call VBN 35419 3634 4 a a DT 35419 3634 5 " " `` 35419 3634 6 frost frost NN 35419 3634 7 check check NN 35419 3634 8 " " '' 35419 3634 9 or or CC 35419 3634 10 " " `` 35419 3634 11 star star NN 35419 3634 12 shake shake NN 35419 3634 13 , , , 35419 3634 14 " " '' 35419 3634 15 Fig fig NN 35419 3634 16 . . . 35419 3635 1 41._a 41._a CD 35419 3635 2 _ _ NNP 35419 3635 3 , , , 35419 3635 4 p. p. NN 35419 3635 5 47 47 CD 35419 3635 6 , , , 35419 3635 7 and and CC 35419 3635 8 such such JJ 35419 3635 9 wounds wound NNS 35419 3635 10 rarely rarely RB 35419 3635 11 heal heal VBP 35419 3635 12 , , , 35419 3635 13 Fig Fig NNP 35419 3635 14 . . . 35419 3636 1 79 79 CD 35419 3636 2 . . . 35419 3637 1 On on IN 35419 3637 2 the the DT 35419 3637 3 other other JJ 35419 3637 4 hand hand NN 35419 3637 5 when when WRB 35419 3637 6 the the DT 35419 3637 7 temperature temperature NN 35419 3637 8 rapidly rapidly RB 35419 3637 9 rises rise VBZ 35419 3637 10 , , , 35419 3637 11 the the DT 35419 3637 12 outside outside JJ 35419 3637 13 layers layer NNS 35419 3637 14 of of IN 35419 3637 15 the the DT 35419 3637 16 tree tree NN 35419 3637 17 expand expand VB 35419 3637 18 so so RB 35419 3637 19 much much RB 35419 3637 20 more more RBR 35419 3637 21 rapidly rapidly RB 35419 3637 22 than than IN 35419 3637 23 the the DT 35419 3637 24 inside inside NN 35419 3637 25 , , , 35419 3637 26 that that IN 35419 3637 27 they -PRON- PRP 35419 3637 28 separate separate VBP 35419 3637 29 with with IN 35419 3637 30 a a DT 35419 3637 31 dull dull JJ 35419 3637 32 muffled muffle VBN 35419 3637 33 chug chug NN 35419 3637 34 , , , 35419 3637 35 the the DT 35419 3637 36 check check NN 35419 3637 37 extending extend VBG 35419 3637 38 in in IN 35419 3637 39 a a DT 35419 3637 40 circular circular JJ 35419 3637 41 direction direction NN 35419 3637 42 following follow VBG 35419 3637 43 the the DT 35419 3637 44 annual annual JJ 35419 3637 45 rings ring NNS 35419 3637 46 . . . 35419 3638 1 Such such JJ 35419 3638 2 checks check NNS 35419 3638 3 are be VBP 35419 3638 4 often often RB 35419 3638 5 called call VBN 35419 3638 6 " " `` 35419 3638 7 wind wind NN 35419 3638 8 shakes shake NNS 35419 3638 9 " " '' 35419 3638 10 and and CC 35419 3638 11 " " `` 35419 3638 12 cup cup NN 35419 3638 13 shakes shake NNS 35419 3638 14 , , , 35419 3638 15 " " '' 35419 3638 16 Fig fig NN 35419 3638 17 . . . 35419 3639 1 41._c 41._c CD 35419 3639 2 _ _ NNP 35419 3639 3 , , , 35419 3639 4 p. p. NN 35419 3639 5 47 47 CD 35419 3639 6 . . . 35419 3640 1 These these DT 35419 3640 2 injuries injury NNS 35419 3640 3 are be VBP 35419 3640 4 found find VBN 35419 3640 5 in in IN 35419 3640 6 regions region NNS 35419 3640 7 where where WRB 35419 3640 8 sudden sudden JJ 35419 3640 9 changes change NNS 35419 3640 10 of of IN 35419 3640 11 temperature temperature NN 35419 3640 12 occur occur VBP 35419 3640 13 , , , 35419 3640 14 rather rather RB 35419 3640 15 than than IN 35419 3640 16 in in IN 35419 3640 17 the the DT 35419 3640 18 tropics tropic NNS 35419 3640 19 or or CC 35419 3640 20 in in IN 35419 3640 21 very very RB 35419 3640 22 cold cold JJ 35419 3640 23 climates climate NNS 35419 3640 24 . . . 35419 3641 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 3641 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 3641 3 : : : 35419 3641 4 Fig Fig NNP 35419 3641 5 . . . 35419 3642 1 79 79 CD 35419 3642 2 . . . 35419 3643 1 Contraction contraction NN 35419 3643 2 Frost Frost NNP 35419 3643 3 Check check NN 35419 3643 4 . . . 35419 3644 1 _ _ NNP 35419 3644 2 U. U. NNP 35419 3645 1 S. S. NNP 35419 3645 2 Forest Forest NNP 35419 3645 3 Service Service NNP 35419 3645 4 . . . 35419 3645 5 _ _ NNP 35419 3645 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 3645 7 VEGETABLE VEGETABLE NNP 35419 3645 8 ENEMIES enemy NNS 35419 3645 9 . . . 35419 3646 1 Under under IN 35419 3646 2 this this DT 35419 3646 3 head head NN 35419 3646 4 may may MD 35419 3646 5 be be VB 35419 3646 6 classed class VBN 35419 3646 7 , , , 35419 3646 8 in in IN 35419 3646 9 addition addition NN 35419 3646 10 to to IN 35419 3646 11 fungi fungi NNP 35419 3646 12 , , , 35419 3646 13 a a DT 35419 3646 14 number number NN 35419 3646 15 of of IN 35419 3646 16 unrelated unrelated JJ 35419 3646 17 plants plant NNS 35419 3646 18 , , , 35419 3646 19 including include VBG 35419 3646 20 such such JJ 35419 3646 21 as as IN 35419 3646 22 : : : 35419 3646 23 moosewood moosewood NN 35419 3646 24 and and CC 35419 3646 25 dogwood dogwood NN 35419 3646 26 , , , 35419 3646 27 Fig Fig NNP 35419 3646 28 . . . 35419 3647 1 80 80 CD 35419 3647 2 , , , 35419 3647 3 which which WDT 35419 3647 4 crowd crowd VBP 35419 3647 5 out out RP 35419 3647 6 young young JJ 35419 3647 7 trees tree NNS 35419 3647 8 ; ; : 35419 3647 9 vines vine NNS 35419 3647 10 , , , 35419 3647 11 like like IN 35419 3647 12 bitter bitter JJ 35419 3647 13 - - HYPH 35419 3647 14 sweet sweet JJ 35419 3647 15 , , , 35419 3647 16 which which WDT 35419 3647 17 wind wind VBP 35419 3647 18 about about IN 35419 3647 19 trees tree NNS 35419 3647 20 and and CC 35419 3647 21 often often RB 35419 3647 22 choke choke VBP 35419 3647 23 them -PRON- PRP 35419 3647 24 by by IN 35419 3647 25 pressure pressure NN 35419 3647 26 , , , 35419 3647 27 cutting cut VBG 35419 3647 28 thru thru IN 35419 3647 29 the the DT 35419 3647 30 bark bark NN 35419 3647 31 and and CC 35419 3647 32 cambium cambium NN 35419 3647 33 ; ; , 35419 3647 34 saprophytes saprophyte NNS 35419 3647 35 , , , 35419 3647 36 which which WDT 35419 3647 37 smother smother VBP 35419 3647 38 the the DT 35419 3647 39 foliage foliage NN 35419 3647 40 of of IN 35419 3647 41 trees tree NNS 35419 3647 42 , , , 35419 3647 43 of of IN 35419 3647 44 which which WDT 35419 3647 45 Spanish spanish JJ 35419 3647 46 moss moss NN 35419 3647 47 , , , 35419 3647 48 Fig Fig NNP 35419 3647 49 . . . 35419 3648 1 47 47 CD 35419 3648 2 , , , 35419 3648 3 p. p. NN 35419 3648 4 201 201 CD 35419 3648 5 , , , 35419 3648 6 is be VBZ 35419 3648 7 an an DT 35419 3648 8 example example NN 35419 3648 9 ; ; : 35419 3648 10 and and CC 35419 3648 11 finally finally RB 35419 3648 12 such such JJ 35419 3648 13 parasites parasite NNS 35419 3648 14 as as IN 35419 3648 15 the the DT 35419 3648 16 mistletoes mistletoe NNS 35419 3648 17 , , , 35419 3648 18 which which WDT 35419 3648 19 weaken weaken VBP 35419 3648 20 and and CC 35419 3648 21 deform deform VB 35419 3648 22 the the DT 35419 3648 23 trees tree NNS 35419 3648 24 . . . 35419 3649 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 3649 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 3649 3 : : : 35419 3649 4 Fig Fig NNP 35419 3649 5 . . . 35419 3650 1 80 80 CD 35419 3650 2 . . . 35419 3651 1 A a DT 35419 3651 2 " " `` 35419 3651 3 Forest Forest NNP 35419 3651 4 Weed Weed NNP 35419 3651 5 , , , 35419 3651 6 " " `` 35419 3651 7 Flowering flower VBG 35419 3651 8 Dogwood Dogwood NNP 35419 3651 9 . . . 35419 3652 1 North North NNP 35419 3652 2 Carolina Carolina NNP 35419 3652 3 . . . 35419 3653 1 _ _ NNP 35419 3653 2 U.S. U.S. NNP 35419 3654 1 Forest Forest NNP 35419 3654 2 Service Service NNP 35419 3654 3 . . . 35419 3654 4 _ _ NNP 35419 3654 5 ] ] -RRB- 35419 3654 6 The the DT 35419 3654 7 most most RBS 35419 3654 8 important important JJ 35419 3654 9 of of IN 35419 3654 10 the the DT 35419 3654 11 vegetable vegetable NN 35419 3654 12 enemies enemy NNS 35419 3654 13 of of IN 35419 3654 14 trees tree NNS 35419 3654 15 are be VBP 35419 3654 16 fungi fungi NN 35419 3654 17 . . . 35419 3655 1 It -PRON- PRP 35419 3655 2 should should MD 35419 3655 3 be be VB 35419 3655 4 remembered remember VBN 35419 3655 5 , , , 35419 3655 6 however however RB 35419 3655 7 , , , 35419 3655 8 that that IN 35419 3655 9 , , , 35419 3655 10 without without IN 35419 3655 11 the the DT 35419 3655 12 decay decay NN 35419 3655 13 produced produce VBN 35419 3655 14 by by IN 35419 3655 15 them -PRON- PRP 35419 3655 16 , , , 35419 3655 17 the the DT 35419 3655 18 fallen fall VBN 35419 3655 19 trees tree NNS 35419 3655 20 would would MD 35419 3655 21 soon soon RB 35419 3655 22 cover cover VB 35419 3655 23 the the DT 35419 3655 24 ground ground NN 35419 3655 25 , , , 35419 3655 26 and and CC 35419 3655 27 prevent prevent VB 35419 3655 28 any any DT 35419 3655 29 new new JJ 35419 3655 30 growth growth NN 35419 3655 31 , , , 35419 3655 32 thus thus RB 35419 3655 33 destroying destroy VBG 35419 3655 34 the the DT 35419 3655 35 natural natural JJ 35419 3655 36 forest forest NN 35419 3655 37 . . . 35419 3656 1 Every every DT 35419 3656 2 tree tree NN 35419 3656 3 , , , 35419 3656 4 as as IN 35419 3656 5 has have VBZ 35419 3656 6 been be VBN 35419 3656 7 noted note VBN 35419 3656 8 ( ( -LRB- 35419 3656 9 p. p. NN 35419 3656 10 17 17 CD 35419 3656 11 ) ) -RRB- 35419 3656 12 , , , 35419 3656 13 is be VBZ 35419 3656 14 composed compose VBN 35419 3656 15 of of IN 35419 3656 16 two two CD 35419 3656 17 parts part NNS 35419 3656 18 , , , 35419 3656 19 one one CD 35419 3656 20 part part NN 35419 3656 21 , , , 35419 3656 22 including include VBG 35419 3656 23 leaves leave NNS 35419 3656 24 , , , 35419 3656 25 young young JJ 35419 3656 26 branches branch NNS 35419 3656 27 , , , 35419 3656 28 roots root NNS 35419 3656 29 and and CC 35419 3656 30 sap sap NN 35419 3656 31 - - HYPH 35419 3656 32 wood wood NN 35419 3656 33 , , , 35419 3656 34 living living NN 35419 3656 35 , , , 35419 3656 36 and and CC 35419 3656 37 the the DT 35419 3656 38 other other JJ 35419 3656 39 part part NN 35419 3656 40 , , , 35419 3656 41 namely namely RB 35419 3656 42 , , , 35419 3656 43 the the DT 35419 3656 44 heart heart NN 35419 3656 45 - - HYPH 35419 3656 46 wood wood NN 35419 3656 47 , , , 35419 3656 48 practically practically RB 35419 3656 49 dead dead JJ 35419 3656 50 . . . 35419 3657 1 Fungi fungi NN 35419 3657 2 that that WDT 35419 3657 3 attack attack VBP 35419 3657 4 the the DT 35419 3657 5 live live JJ 35419 3657 6 parts part NNS 35419 3657 7 of of IN 35419 3657 8 a a DT 35419 3657 9 tree tree NN 35419 3657 10 are be VBP 35419 3657 11 called call VBN 35419 3657 12 parasites parasite NNS 35419 3657 13 , , , 35419 3657 14 while while IN 35419 3657 15 those those DT 35419 3657 16 that that WDT 35419 3657 17 live live VBP 35419 3657 18 on on IN 35419 3657 19 dead dead JJ 35419 3657 20 trunks trunk NNS 35419 3657 21 and and CC 35419 3657 22 branches branch NNS 35419 3657 23 are be VBP 35419 3657 24 designated designate VBN 35419 3657 25 as as IN 35419 3657 26 saprophytes saprophyte NNS 35419 3657 27 . . . 35419 3658 1 The the DT 35419 3658 2 line line NN 35419 3658 3 , , , 35419 3658 4 however however RB 35419 3658 5 , , , 35419 3658 6 between between IN 35419 3658 7 these these DT 35419 3658 8 two two CD 35419 3658 9 classes class NNS 35419 3658 10 of of IN 35419 3658 11 fungi fungi NN 35419 3658 12 is be VBZ 35419 3658 13 not not RB 35419 3658 14 well well RB 35419 3658 15 defined define VBN 35419 3658 16 , , , 35419 3658 17 since since IN 35419 3658 18 some some DT 35419 3658 19 parasites parasite NNS 35419 3658 20 live live VBP 35419 3658 21 on on IN 35419 3658 22 both both CC 35419 3658 23 living living JJ 35419 3658 24 and and CC 35419 3658 25 dead dead JJ 35419 3658 26 wood wood NN 35419 3658 27 . . . 35419 3659 1 The the DT 35419 3659 2 parasites parasite NNS 35419 3659 3 are be VBP 35419 3659 4 of of IN 35419 3659 5 first first JJ 35419 3659 6 importance importance NN 35419 3659 7 , , , 35419 3659 8 for for IN 35419 3659 9 , , , 35419 3659 10 since since IN 35419 3659 11 they -PRON- PRP 35419 3659 12 kill kill VBP 35419 3659 13 many many JJ 35419 3659 14 trees tree NNS 35419 3659 15 , , , 35419 3659 16 they -PRON- PRP 35419 3659 17 control control VBP 35419 3659 18 to to IN 35419 3659 19 a a DT 35419 3659 20 large large JJ 35419 3659 21 extent extent NN 35419 3659 22 the the DT 35419 3659 23 supply supply NN 35419 3659 24 of of IN 35419 3659 25 living living NN 35419 3659 26 timber timber NN 35419 3659 27 . . . 35419 3660 1 Nearly nearly RB 35419 3660 2 all all DT 35419 3660 3 parasitic parasitic JJ 35419 3660 4 fungi fungus NNS 35419 3660 5 have have VBP 35419 3660 6 two two CD 35419 3660 7 portions portion NNS 35419 3660 8 , , , 35419 3660 9 an an DT 35419 3660 10 external external JJ 35419 3660 11 fruiting fruiting NN 35419 3660 12 portion portion NN 35419 3660 13 which which WDT 35419 3660 14 bears bear VBZ 35419 3660 15 the the DT 35419 3660 16 spores spore NNS 35419 3660 17 -- -- : 35419 3660 18 which which WDT 35419 3660 19 correspond correspond VBP 35419 3660 20 to to IN 35419 3660 21 the the DT 35419 3660 22 seeds seed NNS 35419 3660 23 of of IN 35419 3660 24 flowering flower VBG 35419 3660 25 plants plant NNS 35419 3660 26 -- -- : 35419 3660 27 and and CC 35419 3660 28 an an DT 35419 3660 29 internal internal JJ 35419 3660 30 portion portion NN 35419 3660 31 consisting consist VBG 35419 3660 32 of of IN 35419 3660 33 a a DT 35419 3660 34 tangle tangle NN 35419 3660 35 of of IN 35419 3660 36 threads thread NNS 35419 3660 37 or or CC 35419 3660 38 filaments filament NNS 35419 3660 39 , , , 35419 3660 40 which which WDT 35419 3660 41 ramify ramify VBP 35419 3660 42 the the DT 35419 3660 43 tissues tissue NNS 35419 3660 44 of of IN 35419 3660 45 the the DT 35419 3660 46 tree tree NN 35419 3660 47 and and CC 35419 3660 48 whose whose WP$ 35419 3660 49 function function NN 35419 3660 50 is be VBZ 35419 3660 51 to to TO 35419 3660 52 absorb absorb VB 35419 3660 53 nutriment nutriment NN 35419 3660 54 for for IN 35419 3660 55 the the DT 35419 3660 56 fungus fungus NN 35419 3660 57 . . . 35419 3661 1 Fungi Fungi NNP 35419 3661 2 are be VBP 35419 3661 3 classified classify VBN 35419 3661 4 botanically botanically RB 35419 3661 5 according accord VBG 35419 3661 6 to to IN 35419 3661 7 the the DT 35419 3661 8 spore spore NN 35419 3661 9 - - HYPH 35419 3661 10 bearing bear VBG 35419 3661 11 bodies body NNS 35419 3661 12 , , , 35419 3661 13 their -PRON- PRP$ 35419 3661 14 form form NN 35419 3661 15 , , , 35419 3661 16 color color NN 35419 3661 17 , , , 35419 3661 18 etc etc FW 35419 3661 19 . . . 35419 3662 1 The the DT 35419 3662 2 parasitic parasitic JJ 35419 3662 3 fungi fungi NN 35419 3662 4 which which WDT 35419 3662 5 are be VBP 35419 3662 6 especially especially RB 35419 3662 7 destructive destructive JJ 35419 3662 8 to to IN 35419 3662 9 wood wood NN 35419 3662 10 are be VBP 35419 3662 11 those those DT 35419 3662 12 that that WDT 35419 3662 13 have have VBP 35419 3662 14 naked naked JJ 35419 3662 15 spores spore NNS 35419 3662 16 growing grow VBG 35419 3662 17 on on IN 35419 3662 18 exposed expose VBN 35419 3662 19 fruiting fruiting NN 35419 3662 20 surfaces surface NNS 35419 3662 21 ( ( -LRB- 35419 3662 22 the the DT 35419 3662 23 _ _ NNP 35419 3662 24 Hymenomycetes Hymenomycetes NNPS 35419 3662 25 _ _ NNP 35419 3662 26 ) ) -RRB- 35419 3662 27 . . . 35419 3663 1 In in IN 35419 3663 2 toadstools toadstool NNS 35419 3663 3 ( ( -LRB- 35419 3663 4 the the DT 35419 3663 5 _ _ NNP 35419 3663 6 agarics agarics NNPS 35419 3663 7 _ _ NNP 35419 3663 8 ) ) -RRB- 35419 3663 9 these these DT 35419 3663 10 exposed expose VBN 35419 3663 11 surfaces surface NNS 35419 3663 12 are be VBP 35419 3663 13 thin thin JJ 35419 3663 14 , , , 35419 3663 15 flat flat JJ 35419 3663 16 plates plate NNS 35419 3663 17 called call VBD 35419 3663 18 gills gill NNS 35419 3663 19 . . . 35419 3664 1 In in IN 35419 3664 2 the the DT 35419 3664 3 polypores polypore NNS 35419 3664 4 , , , 35419 3664 5 which which WDT 35419 3664 6 include include VBP 35419 3664 7 the the DT 35419 3664 8 shelf shelf NN 35419 3664 9 fungi fungi NN 35419 3664 10 , , , 35419 3664 11 the the DT 35419 3664 12 spore spore NN 35419 3664 13 surfaces surface NNS 35419 3664 14 are be VBP 35419 3664 15 tubes tube NNS 35419 3664 16 whose whose WP$ 35419 3664 17 openings opening NNS 35419 3664 18 constitute constitute VBP 35419 3664 19 the the DT 35419 3664 20 pores pore NNS 35419 3664 21 . . . 35419 3665 1 In in IN 35419 3665 2 the the DT 35419 3665 3 dry dry JJ 35419 3665 4 - - HYPH 35419 3665 5 rot rot VB 35419 3665 6 , , , 35419 3665 7 or or CC 35419 3665 8 tear tear VB 35419 3665 9 fungus fungus NN 35419 3665 10 ( ( -LRB- 35419 3665 11 _ _ NNP 35419 3665 12 Merulius Merulius NNP 35419 3665 13 lacrymans lacrymans NNPS 35419 3665 14 _ _ NNP 35419 3665 15 ) ) -RRB- 35419 3665 16 , , , 35419 3665 17 the the DT 35419 3665 18 spore spore NN 35419 3665 19 surfaces surface NNS 35419 3665 20 are be VBP 35419 3665 21 shallow shallow JJ 35419 3665 22 cavities cavity NNS 35419 3665 23 . . . 35419 3666 1 Some some DT 35419 3666 2 varieties variety NNS 35419 3666 3 , , , 35419 3666 4 called call VBD 35419 3666 5 _ _ NNP 35419 3666 6 true true JJ 35419 3666 7 _ _ NNP 35419 3666 8 parasites parasite NNS 35419 3666 9 , , , 35419 3666 10 develop develop VBP 35419 3666 11 in in IN 35419 3666 12 uninjured uninjured JJ 35419 3666 13 trees tree NNS 35419 3666 14 , , , 35419 3666 15 while while IN 35419 3666 16 others other NNS 35419 3666 17 , , , 35419 3666 18 called call VBN 35419 3666 19 _ _ NNP 35419 3666 20 wound wound NN 35419 3666 21 _ _ NNP 35419 3666 22 parasites parasite NNS 35419 3666 23 , , , 35419 3666 24 can can MD 35419 3666 25 penetrate penetrate VB 35419 3666 26 the the DT 35419 3666 27 tissues tissue NNS 35419 3666 28 of of IN 35419 3666 29 trees tree NNS 35419 3666 30 , , , 35419 3666 31 only only RB 35419 3666 32 where where WRB 35419 3666 33 a a DT 35419 3666 34 cut cut NN 35419 3666 35 or or CC 35419 3666 36 injury injury NN 35419 3666 37 makes make VBZ 35419 3666 38 a a DT 35419 3666 39 suitable suitable JJ 35419 3666 40 lodgment lodgment NN 35419 3666 41 for for IN 35419 3666 42 the the DT 35419 3666 43 spores spore NNS 35419 3666 44 . . . 35419 3667 1 Some some DT 35419 3667 2 fungi fungi NN 35419 3667 3 attack attack VBP 35419 3667 4 only only RB 35419 3667 5 a a DT 35419 3667 6 single single JJ 35419 3667 7 species specie NNS 35419 3667 8 of of IN 35419 3667 9 trees tree NNS 35419 3667 10 , , , 35419 3667 11 others other NNS 35419 3667 12 whole whole JJ 35419 3667 13 genera genera NN 35419 3667 14 ; ; , 35419 3667 15 some some DT 35419 3667 16 attack attack NN 35419 3667 17 only only RB 35419 3667 18 conifers conifer NNS 35419 3667 19 , , , 35419 3667 20 others other NNS 35419 3667 21 deciduous deciduous JJ 35419 3667 22 trees tree NNS 35419 3667 23 , , , 35419 3667 24 while while IN 35419 3667 25 a a DT 35419 3667 26 few few JJ 35419 3667 27 attack attack NN 35419 3667 28 trees tree NNS 35419 3667 29 of of IN 35419 3667 30 nearly nearly RB 35419 3667 31 all all DT 35419 3667 32 kinds kind NNS 35419 3667 33 alike alike RB 35419 3667 34 . . . 35419 3668 1 Fungal fungal JJ 35419 3668 2 spores spore NNS 35419 3668 3 when when WRB 35419 3668 4 brought bring VBN 35419 3668 5 in in RP 35419 3668 6 contact contact NN 35419 3668 7 with with IN 35419 3668 8 a a DT 35419 3668 9 wound wound NN 35419 3668 10 on on IN 35419 3668 11 a a DT 35419 3668 12 tree tree NN 35419 3668 13 or or CC 35419 3668 14 other other JJ 35419 3668 15 suitable suitable JJ 35419 3668 16 place place NN 35419 3668 17 , , , 35419 3668 18 and and CC 35419 3668 19 provided provide VBN 35419 3668 20 with with IN 35419 3668 21 suitable suitable JJ 35419 3668 22 conditions condition NNS 35419 3668 23 of of IN 35419 3668 24 growth growth NN 35419 3668 25 , , , 35419 3668 26 germinate germinate NN 35419 3668 27 , , , 35419 3668 28 penetrate penetrate VB 35419 3668 29 the the DT 35419 3668 30 tissues tissue NNS 35419 3668 31 and and CC 35419 3668 32 grow grow VB 35419 3668 33 very very RB 35419 3668 34 rapidly rapidly RB 35419 3668 35 . . . 35419 3669 1 These these DT 35419 3669 2 spores spore NNS 35419 3669 3 send send VBP 35419 3669 4 out out RP 35419 3669 5 long long JJ 35419 3669 6 threads thread NNS 35419 3669 7 or or CC 35419 3669 8 filaments filament NNS 35419 3669 9 which which WDT 35419 3669 10 run run VBP 35419 3669 11 thru thru IN 35419 3669 12 the the DT 35419 3669 13 cells cell NNS 35419 3669 14 lengthwise lengthwise RB 35419 3669 15 and and CC 35419 3669 16 also also RB 35419 3669 17 pierce pierce VB 35419 3669 18 them -PRON- PRP 35419 3669 19 in in IN 35419 3669 20 all all DT 35419 3669 21 directions direction NNS 35419 3669 22 , , , 35419 3669 23 soon soon RB 35419 3669 24 forming form VBG 35419 3669 25 a a DT 35419 3669 26 network network NN 35419 3669 27 in in IN 35419 3669 28 the the DT 35419 3669 29 wood wood NN 35419 3669 30 called call VBD 35419 3669 31 the the DT 35419 3669 32 mycelium mycelium NN 35419 3669 33 . . . 35419 3670 1 Rotting rot VBG 35419 3670 2 , , , 35419 3670 3 in in IN 35419 3670 4 a a DT 35419 3670 5 large large JJ 35419 3670 6 number number NN 35419 3670 7 of of IN 35419 3670 8 cases case NNS 35419 3670 9 , , , 35419 3670 10 is be VBZ 35419 3670 11 due due JJ 35419 3670 12 to to IN 35419 3670 13 the the DT 35419 3670 14 ravages ravage NNS 35419 3670 15 of of IN 35419 3670 16 fungi fungi NNP 35419 3670 17 . . . 35419 3671 1 This this DT 35419 3671 2 sometimes sometimes RB 35419 3671 3 shows show VBZ 35419 3671 4 in in IN 35419 3671 5 the the DT 35419 3671 6 color color NN 35419 3671 7 , , , 35419 3671 8 as as IN 35419 3671 9 the the DT 35419 3671 10 " " `` 35419 3671 11 red red JJ 35419 3671 12 rot rot NN 35419 3671 13 " " '' 35419 3671 14 of of IN 35419 3671 15 pine pine NN 35419 3671 16 or or CC 35419 3671 17 the the DT 35419 3671 18 " " `` 35419 3671 19 bluing bluing NN 35419 3671 20 " " '' 35419 3671 21 of of IN 35419 3671 22 ash ash NN 35419 3671 23 . . . 35419 3672 1 Sometimes sometimes RB 35419 3672 2 as as IN 35419 3672 3 in in IN 35419 3672 4 " " `` 35419 3672 5 pecky pecky JJ 35419 3672 6 " " '' 35419 3672 7 or or CC 35419 3672 8 " " `` 35419 3672 9 peggy peggy NNP 35419 3672 10 " " '' 35419 3672 11 cypress cypress NNP 35419 3672 12 , , , 35419 3672 13 the the DT 35419 3672 14 decayed decay VBN 35419 3672 15 tracts tract NNS 35419 3672 16 are be VBP 35419 3672 17 tubular tubular JJ 35419 3672 18 . . . 35419 3673 1 More more RBR 35419 3673 2 commonly commonly RB 35419 3673 3 the the DT 35419 3673 4 decayed decay VBN 35419 3673 5 parts part NNS 35419 3673 6 are be VBP 35419 3673 7 of of IN 35419 3673 8 irregular irregular JJ 35419 3673 9 shape shape NN 35419 3673 10 . . . 35419 3674 1 The the DT 35419 3674 2 decay decay NN 35419 3674 3 of of IN 35419 3674 4 wood wood NN 35419 3674 5 is be VBZ 35419 3674 6 due due JJ 35419 3674 7 to to IN 35419 3674 8 the the DT 35419 3674 9 ravages ravage NNS 35419 3674 10 of of IN 35419 3674 11 low low JJ 35419 3674 12 forms form NNS 35419 3674 13 of of IN 35419 3674 14 plant plant NN 35419 3674 15 life life NN 35419 3674 16 , , , 35419 3674 17 both both DT 35419 3674 18 bacteria bacteria NNS 35419 3674 19 and and CC 35419 3674 20 fungi fungi NN 35419 3674 21 . . . 35419 3675 1 A a DT 35419 3675 2 few few JJ 35419 3675 3 of of IN 35419 3675 4 the the DT 35419 3675 5 more more RBR 35419 3675 6 destructive destructive JJ 35419 3675 7 forms form NNS 35419 3675 8 may may MD 35419 3675 9 be be VB 35419 3675 10 noted note VBN 35419 3675 11 . . . 35419 3676 1 _ _ NNP 35419 3676 2 Trametes Trametes NNP 35419 3676 3 pini pini NN 35419 3676 4 _ _ NNP 35419 3676 5 ( ( -LRB- 35419 3676 6 Brot Brot NNP 35419 3676 7 . . . 35419 3676 8 ) ) -RRB- 35419 3677 1 Fr Fr NNP 35419 3677 2 . . . 35419 3678 1 Foremost foremost RB 35419 3678 2 among among IN 35419 3678 3 the the DT 35419 3678 4 timber timber NN 35419 3678 5 destroying destroy VBG 35419 3678 6 fungi fungi NNP 35419 3678 7 is be VBZ 35419 3678 8 the the DT 35419 3678 9 large large JJ 35419 3678 10 brown brown JJ 35419 3678 11 " " `` 35419 3678 12 punk punk NN 35419 3678 13 " " '' 35419 3678 14 or or CC 35419 3678 15 " " `` 35419 3678 16 conch conch NN 35419 3678 17 " " '' 35419 3678 18 found find VBN 35419 3678 19 in in IN 35419 3678 20 its -PRON- PRP$ 35419 3678 21 typical typical JJ 35419 3678 22 development development NN 35419 3678 23 on on IN 35419 3678 24 the the DT 35419 3678 25 long long JJ 35419 3678 26 - - HYPH 35419 3678 27 leaf leaf NN 35419 3678 28 and and CC 35419 3678 29 short short JJ 35419 3678 30 - - HYPH 35419 3678 31 leaf leaf NN 35419 3678 32 pines pine NNS 35419 3678 33 , , , 35419 3678 34 _ _ NNP 35419 3678 35 Pinus Pinus NNP 35419 3678 36 palustris palustris NN 35419 3678 37 _ _ NNP 35419 3678 38 and and CC 35419 3678 39 _ _ NNP 35419 3678 40 Pinus Pinus NNP 35419 3678 41 echinata echinata NN 35419 3678 42 _ _ NNP 35419 3678 43 , , , 35419 3678 44 Fig Fig NNP 35419 3678 45 . . . 35419 3679 1 81 81 CD 35419 3679 2 . . . 35419 3680 1 The the DT 35419 3680 2 fruiting fruiting NN 35419 3680 3 bodies body NNS 35419 3680 4 form form VBP 35419 3680 5 large large JJ 35419 3680 6 masses masse NNS 35419 3680 7 which which WDT 35419 3680 8 grow grow VBP 35419 3680 9 out out RP 35419 3680 10 from from IN 35419 3680 11 a a DT 35419 3680 12 knot knot NN 35419 3680 13 , , , 35419 3680 14 oftentimes oftentime NNS 35419 3680 15 as as RB 35419 3680 16 large large JJ 35419 3680 17 as as IN 35419 3680 18 a a DT 35419 3680 19 child child NN 35419 3680 20 's 's POS 35419 3680 21 head head NN 35419 3680 22 . . . 35419 3681 1 They -PRON- PRP 35419 3681 2 are be VBP 35419 3681 3 cinnamon cinnamon JJ 35419 3681 4 brown brown NNP 35419 3681 5 on on IN 35419 3681 6 the the DT 35419 3681 7 lower low JJR 35419 3681 8 surface surface NN 35419 3681 9 , , , 35419 3681 10 and and CC 35419 3681 11 much much RB 35419 3681 12 fissured fissured JJ 35419 3681 13 and and CC 35419 3681 14 broken break VBN 35419 3681 15 , , , 35419 3681 16 on on IN 35419 3681 17 the the DT 35419 3681 18 black black JJ 35419 3681 19 charcoal charcoal NN 35419 3681 20 - - HYPH 35419 3681 21 like like JJ 35419 3681 22 upper upper JJ 35419 3681 23 surface surface NN 35419 3681 24 . . . 35419 3682 1 This this DT 35419 3682 2 fungus fungus NN 35419 3682 3 probably probably RB 35419 3682 4 causes cause VBZ 35419 3682 5 four four CD 35419 3682 6 - - HYPH 35419 3682 7 fifths fifth NNS 35419 3682 8 of of IN 35419 3682 9 the the DT 35419 3682 10 destruction destruction NN 35419 3682 11 brought bring VBN 35419 3682 12 about about RP 35419 3682 13 by by IN 35419 3682 14 the the DT 35419 3682 15 timber timber NN 35419 3682 16 destroying destroy VBG 35419 3682 17 fungi fungi NNP 35419 3682 18 . . . 35419 3683 1 It -PRON- PRP 35419 3683 2 occurs occur VBZ 35419 3683 3 on on IN 35419 3683 4 most most JJS 35419 3683 5 of of IN 35419 3683 6 the the DT 35419 3683 7 conifers conifer NNS 35419 3683 8 in in IN 35419 3683 9 the the DT 35419 3683 10 United United NNP 35419 3683 11 States States NNP 35419 3683 12 which which WDT 35419 3683 13 have have VBP 35419 3683 14 any any DT 35419 3683 15 value value NN 35419 3683 16 as as IN 35419 3683 17 lumber lumber NN 35419 3683 18 trees tree NNS 35419 3683 19 , , , 35419 3683 20 and and CC 35419 3683 21 brings bring VBZ 35419 3683 22 about about RP 35419 3683 23 a a DT 35419 3683 24 characteristic characteristic JJ 35419 3683 25 white white JJ 35419 3683 26 spotting spotting NN 35419 3683 27 of of IN 35419 3683 28 the the DT 35419 3683 29 wood wood NN 35419 3683 30 , , , 35419 3683 31 Fig Fig NNP 35419 3683 32 . . . 35419 3684 1 82 82 CD 35419 3684 2 , , , 35419 3684 3 which which WDT 35419 3684 4 varies vary VBZ 35419 3684 5 with with IN 35419 3684 6 the the DT 35419 3684 7 kind kind NN 35419 3684 8 of of IN 35419 3684 9 tree tree NN 35419 3684 10 attacked attack VBD 35419 3684 11 . . . 35419 3685 1 ( ( -LRB- 35419 3685 2 Von Von NNP 35419 3685 3 Schrenk Schrenk NNP 35419 3685 4 , , , 35419 3685 5 _ _ NNP 35419 3685 6 Agric Agric NNP 35419 3685 7 . . . 35419 3686 1 Yr yr UH 35419 3686 2 . . . 35419 3686 3 Bk Bk NNP 35419 3686 4 . . . 35419 3686 5 _ _ NNP 35419 3686 6 , , , 35419 3686 7 1900 1900 CD 35419 3686 8 , , , 35419 3686 9 p. p. NN 35419 3687 1 206 206 CD 35419 3687 2 . . . 35419 3687 3 ) ) -RRB- 35419 3688 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 3688 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 3688 3 : : : 35419 3688 4 Fig Fig NNP 35419 3688 5 . . . 35419 3689 1 81 81 CD 35419 3689 2 . . . 35419 3690 1 A a DT 35419 3690 2 " " `` 35419 3690 3 Conch Conch NNP 35419 3690 4 , , , 35419 3690 5 " " '' 35419 3690 6 the the DT 35419 3690 7 fruiting fruit VBG 35419 3690 8 body body NN 35419 3690 9 of of IN 35419 3690 10 _ _ NNP 35419 3690 11 Trametes Trametes NNP 35419 3690 12 pini pini NN 35419 3690 13 _ _ NNP 35419 3690 14 , , , 35419 3690 15 on on IN 35419 3690 16 Sugar Sugar NNP 35419 3690 17 Pine Pine NNP 35419 3690 18 . . . 35419 3691 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 3691 2 _ _ NNP 35419 3691 3 Agric Agric NNP 35419 3691 4 . . . 35419 3692 1 Year Year NNP 35419 3692 2 Book Book NNP 35419 3692 3 , , , 35419 3692 4 1900 1900 CD 35419 3692 5 _ _ NNP 35419 3692 6 , , , 35419 3692 7 Pl Pl NNP 35419 3692 8 . . . 35419 3693 1 XXII XXII NNP 35419 3693 2 , , , 35419 3693 3 Fig Fig NNP 35419 3693 4 . . . 35419 3694 1 2 2 LS 35419 3694 2 . . . 35419 3694 3 ] ] -RRB- 35419 3694 4 ] ] -RRB- 35419 3695 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 3695 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 3695 3 : : : 35419 3695 4 Fig Fig NNP 35419 3695 5 . . . 35419 3696 1 82 82 CD 35419 3696 2 . . . 35419 3697 1 Effect effect NN 35419 3697 2 of of IN 35419 3697 3 Fungus Fungus NNP 35419 3697 4 . . . 35419 3698 1 ( ( -LRB- 35419 3698 2 _ _ NNP 35419 3698 3 Trametes Trametes NNP 35419 3698 4 pini pini NN 35419 3698 5 . . . 35419 3698 6 _ _ NNP 35419 3698 7 ) ) -RRB- 35419 3698 8 _ _ NNP 35419 3698 9 U. U. NNP 35419 3699 1 S. S. NNP 35419 3699 2 Dept Dept NNP 35419 3699 3 . . . 35419 3700 1 Agric Agric NNP 35419 3700 2 . . . 35419 3700 3 _ _ NNP 35419 3700 4 ] ] -RRB- 35419 3700 5 [ [ -LRB- 35419 3700 6 Illustration illustration NN 35419 3700 7 : : : 35419 3700 8 Fig Fig NNP 35419 3700 9 . . . 35419 3701 1 83 83 CD 35419 3701 2 . . . 35419 3702 1 " " `` 35419 3702 2 Shelf Shelf NNP 35419 3702 3 " " '' 35419 3702 4 Fungus Fungus NNP 35419 3702 5 on on IN 35419 3702 6 Pine Pine NNP 35419 3702 7 . . . 35419 3703 1 _ _ NNP 35419 3703 2 a. a. NN 35419 3703 3 _ _ NNP 35419 3703 4 Sound sound JJ 35419 3703 5 wood wood NN 35419 3703 6 ; ; : 35419 3703 7 _ _ NNP 35419 3703 8 b. b. NN 35419 3703 9 _ _ NNP 35419 3703 10 Resinous Resinous NNP 35419 3703 11 " " `` 35419 3703 12 light light JJ 35419 3703 13 " " '' 35419 3703 14 wood wood NN 35419 3703 15 ; ; : 35419 3703 16 _ _ NNP 35419 3703 17 c. c. NN 35419 3703 18 _ _ NNP 35419 3703 19 Partly partly RB 35419 3703 20 decayed decay VBD 35419 3703 21 wood wood NN 35419 3703 22 or or CC 35419 3703 23 punk punk NN 35419 3703 24 ; ; : 35419 3703 25 _ _ NNP 35419 3703 26 d. d. NNP 35419 3703 27 _ _ NNP 35419 3703 28 Layer Layer NNP 35419 3703 29 of of IN 35419 3703 30 living live VBG 35419 3703 31 spore spore NN 35419 3703 32 tubes tube NNS 35419 3703 33 ; ; : 35419 3703 34 _ _ NNP 35419 3703 35 e. e. NNP 35419 3703 36 _ _ NNP 35419 3703 37 Old Old NNP 35419 3703 38 filled fill VBN 35419 3703 39 - - HYPH 35419 3703 40 up up RP 35419 3703 41 spore spore NN 35419 3703 42 tubes tube NNS 35419 3703 43 ; ; : 35419 3703 44 _ _ NNP 35419 3703 45 f. f. NNP 35419 3703 46 _ _ NNP 35419 3703 47 Fluted Fluted NNP 35419 3703 48 upper upper JJ 35419 3703 49 surface surface NN 35419 3703 50 of of IN 35419 3703 51 the the DT 35419 3703 52 fruiting fruit VBG 35419 3703 53 body body NN 35419 3703 54 of of IN 35419 3703 55 the the DT 35419 3703 56 fungus fungus NN 35419 3703 57 , , , 35419 3703 58 which which WDT 35419 3703 59 gets get VBZ 35419 3703 60 its -PRON- PRP$ 35419 3703 61 food food NN 35419 3703 62 thru thru IN 35419 3703 63 a a DT 35419 3703 64 great great JJ 35419 3703 65 number number NN 35419 3703 66 of of IN 35419 3703 67 fine fine JJ 35419 3703 68 threads thread NNS 35419 3703 69 ( ( -LRB- 35419 3703 70 the the DT 35419 3703 71 mycelium mycelium NN 35419 3703 72 ) ) -RRB- 35419 3703 73 , , , 35419 3703 74 its -PRON- PRP$ 35419 3703 75 vegetative vegetative JJ 35419 3703 76 tissue tissue NN 35419 3703 77 penetrating penetrate VBG 35419 3703 78 the the DT 35419 3703 79 wood wood NN 35419 3703 80 and and CC 35419 3703 81 causing cause VBG 35419 3703 82 its -PRON- PRP$ 35419 3703 83 decay decay NN 35419 3703 84 . . . 35419 3704 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 3704 2 _ _ NNP 35419 3704 3 After after IN 35419 3704 4 Hartig Hartig NNP 35419 3704 5 . . . 35419 3704 6 _ _ NNP 35419 3704 7 ] ] -RRB- 35419 3704 8 ] ] -RRB- 35419 3704 9 Of of IN 35419 3704 10 the the DT 35419 3704 11 shelf shelf NN 35419 3704 12 fungi fungi NN 35419 3704 13 , , , 35419 3704 14 which which WDT 35419 3704 15 project project VBP 35419 3704 16 like like IN 35419 3704 17 brackets bracket NNS 35419 3704 18 from from IN 35419 3704 19 the the DT 35419 3704 20 stems stem NNS 35419 3704 21 of of IN 35419 3704 22 trees tree NNS 35419 3704 23 , , , 35419 3704 24 and and CC 35419 3704 25 have have VBP 35419 3704 26 their -PRON- PRP$ 35419 3704 27 pores pore NNS 35419 3704 28 on on IN 35419 3704 29 their -PRON- PRP$ 35419 3704 30 under under JJ 35419 3704 31 surfaces surface NNS 35419 3704 32 , , , 35419 3704 33 one one CD 35419 3704 34 of of IN 35419 3704 35 the the DT 35419 3704 36 commonest common JJS 35419 3704 37 in in IN 35419 3704 38 many many JJ 35419 3704 39 localities locality NNS 35419 3704 40 is be VBZ 35419 3704 41 the the DT 35419 3704 42 yellow yellow JJ 35419 3704 43 cheese cheese NN 35419 3704 44 - - HYPH 35419 3704 45 like like JJ 35419 3704 46 _ _ NNP 35419 3704 47 Polyporus Polyporus NNP 35419 3704 48 sulphureus sulphureu NNS 35419 3704 49 _ _ NNP 35419 3704 50 , , , 35419 3704 51 Fig Fig NNP 35419 3704 52 . . . 35419 3705 1 83 83 CD 35419 3705 2 . . . 35419 3706 1 This this DT 35419 3706 2 is be VBZ 35419 3706 3 found find VBN 35419 3706 4 on on IN 35419 3706 5 oak oak NN 35419 3706 6 , , , 35419 3706 7 poplar poplar NNP 35419 3706 8 , , , 35419 3706 9 willow willow NN 35419 3706 10 , , , 35419 3706 11 larch larch NN 35419 3706 12 , , , 35419 3706 13 and and CC 35419 3706 14 other other JJ 35419 3706 15 standing standing NN 35419 3706 16 timber timber NN 35419 3706 17 . . . 35419 3707 1 Its -PRON- PRP$ 35419 3707 2 spawnlike spawnlike NN 35419 3707 3 threads thread NNS 35419 3707 4 spread spread VBP 35419 3707 5 from from IN 35419 3707 6 any any DT 35419 3707 7 exposed expose VBN 35419 3707 8 portion portion NN 35419 3707 9 of of IN 35419 3707 10 cambium cambium NN 35419 3707 11 into into IN 35419 3707 12 the the DT 35419 3707 13 pith pith NNP 35419 3707 14 - - NNS 35419 3707 15 rays ray NNS 35419 3707 16 and and CC 35419 3707 17 between between IN 35419 3707 18 the the DT 35419 3707 19 annual annual JJ 35419 3707 20 rings ring NNS 35419 3707 21 , , , 35419 3707 22 forming form VBG 35419 3707 23 thick thick JJ 35419 3707 24 layers layer NNS 35419 3707 25 of of IN 35419 3707 26 yellowish yellowish JJ 35419 3707 27 - - HYPH 35419 3707 28 white white JJ 35419 3707 29 felt felt NN 35419 3707 30 , , , 35419 3707 31 and and CC 35419 3707 32 penetrating penetrate VBG 35419 3707 33 the the DT 35419 3707 34 vessels vessel NNS 35419 3707 35 of of IN 35419 3707 36 the the DT 35419 3707 37 wood wood NN 35419 3707 38 , , , 35419 3707 39 which which WDT 35419 3707 40 thereupon thereupon RB 35419 3707 41 becomes become VBZ 35419 3707 42 a a DT 35419 3707 43 deep deep JJ 35419 3707 44 brown brown JJ 35419 3707 45 color color NN 35419 3707 46 and and CC 35419 3707 47 decays decay NNS 35419 3707 48 . . . 35419 3708 1 Of of IN 35419 3708 2 the the DT 35419 3708 3 umbrella umbrella NN 35419 3708 4 - - HYPH 35419 3708 5 shaped shape VBN 35419 3708 6 gill gill NN 35419 3708 7 - - HYPH 35419 3708 8 bearing bear VBG 35419 3708 9 fungi fungi NN 35419 3708 10 , , , 35419 3708 11 a a DT 35419 3708 12 yellow yellow JJ 35419 3708 13 toadstool toadstool NN 35419 3708 14 , , , 35419 3708 15 called call VBN 35419 3708 16 the the DT 35419 3708 17 honey honey NN 35419 3708 18 mushroom mushroom NN 35419 3708 19 ( ( -LRB- 35419 3708 20 _ _ NNP 35419 3708 21 Agaricus Agaricus NNP 35419 3708 22 melleus melleu NNS 35419 3708 23 _ _ NNP 35419 3708 24 ) ) -RRB- 35419 3708 25 , , , 35419 3708 26 is be VBZ 35419 3708 27 a a DT 35419 3708 28 good good JJ 35419 3708 29 example example NN 35419 3708 30 , , , 35419 3708 31 Fig Fig NNP 35419 3708 32 . . . 35419 3709 1 84 84 CD 35419 3709 2 . . . 35419 3710 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 3710 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 3710 3 : : : 35419 3710 4 Fig Fig NNP 35419 3710 5 . . . 35419 3711 1 84 84 CD 35419 3711 2 . . . 35419 3712 1 Honey Honey NNP 35419 3712 2 Mushroom Mushroom NNP 35419 3712 3 . . . 35419 3713 1 _ _ NNP 35419 3713 2 Agaricus Agaricus NNP 35419 3713 3 melleus melleu NNS 35419 3713 4 . . . 35419 3713 5 _ _ NNP 35419 3713 6 1 1 CD 35419 3713 7 . . . 35419 3714 1 Cluster cluster NN 35419 3714 2 of of IN 35419 3714 3 small small JJ 35419 3714 4 sporophores sporophore NNS 35419 3714 5 . . . 35419 3715 1 2 2 LS 35419 3715 2 . . . 35419 3716 1 Larger large JJR 35419 3716 2 sporophore sporophore RB 35419 3716 3 with with IN 35419 3716 4 root root NN 35419 3716 5 - - HYPH 35419 3716 6 like like JJ 35419 3716 7 organ organ NN 35419 3716 8 of of IN 35419 3716 9 attachment attachment NN 35419 3716 10 . . . 35419 3717 1 _ _ NNP 35419 3717 2 Forestry Forestry NNP 35419 3717 3 Bulletin Bulletin NNP 35419 3717 4 22 22 CD 35419 3717 5 . . . 35419 3717 6 _ _ NNP 35419 3717 7 Plate Plate NNP 35419 3717 8 XII XII NNP 35419 3717 9 , , , 35419 3717 10 Figs fig NNS 35419 3717 11 . . . 35419 3718 1 1 1 CD 35419 3718 2 and and CC 35419 3718 3 2 2 CD 35419 3718 4 . . . 35419 3718 5 ] ] -RRB- 35419 3719 1 This this DT 35419 3719 2 fungus fungus NN 35419 3719 3 , , , 35419 3719 4 of of IN 35419 3719 5 common common JJ 35419 3719 6 occurrence occurrence NN 35419 3719 7 in in IN 35419 3719 8 the the DT 35419 3719 9 United United NNP 35419 3719 10 States States NNP 35419 3719 11 as as RB 35419 3719 12 well well RB 35419 3719 13 as as IN 35419 3719 14 in in IN 35419 3719 15 Europe Europe NNP 35419 3719 16 , , , 35419 3719 17 is be VBZ 35419 3719 18 exceedingly exceedingly RB 35419 3719 19 destructive destructive JJ 35419 3719 20 to to IN 35419 3719 21 coniferous coniferous JJ 35419 3719 22 trees tree NNS 35419 3719 23 , , , 35419 3719 24 the the DT 35419 3719 25 white white JJ 35419 3719 26 pine pine NN 35419 3719 27 in in IN 35419 3719 28 particular particular JJ 35419 3719 29 suffering suffering NN 35419 3719 30 greatly greatly RB 35419 3719 31 from from IN 35419 3719 32 its -PRON- PRP$ 35419 3719 33 attacks attack NNS 35419 3719 34 . . . 35419 3720 1 It -PRON- PRP 35419 3720 2 also also RB 35419 3720 3 fastens fasten VBZ 35419 3720 4 upon upon IN 35419 3720 5 various various JJ 35419 3720 6 deciduous deciduous JJ 35419 3720 7 species specie NNS 35419 3720 8 as as IN 35419 3720 9 a a DT 35419 3720 10 parasite parasite NN 35419 3720 11 , , , 35419 3720 12 attacking attack VBG 35419 3720 13 living living NN 35419 3720 14 trees tree NNS 35419 3720 15 of of IN 35419 3720 16 all all DT 35419 3720 17 ages age NNS 35419 3720 18 , , , 35419 3720 19 but but CC 35419 3720 20 living live VBG 35419 3720 21 as as RB 35419 3720 22 well well RB 35419 3720 23 upon upon IN 35419 3720 24 dead dead JJ 35419 3720 25 roots root NNS 35419 3720 26 and and CC 35419 3720 27 stumps stump NNS 35419 3720 28 and and CC 35419 3720 29 on on IN 35419 3720 30 wood wood NN 35419 3720 31 that that WDT 35419 3720 32 has have VBZ 35419 3720 33 been be VBN 35419 3720 34 cut cut VBN 35419 3720 35 and and CC 35419 3720 36 worked work VBN 35419 3720 37 up up RP 35419 3720 38 , , , 35419 3720 39 occurring occur VBG 35419 3720 40 frequently frequently RB 35419 3720 41 on on IN 35419 3720 42 bridges bridge NNS 35419 3720 43 , , , 35419 3720 44 railroad railroad NN 35419 3720 45 ties tie NNS 35419 3720 46 , , , 35419 3720 47 and and CC 35419 3720 48 the the DT 35419 3720 49 like like JJ 35419 3720 50 , , , 35419 3720 51 and and CC 35419 3720 52 causing cause VBG 35419 3720 53 prompt prompt JJ 35419 3720 54 decay decay NN 35419 3720 55 wherever wherever WRB 35419 3720 56 it -PRON- PRP 35419 3720 57 has have VBZ 35419 3720 58 effected effect VBN 35419 3720 59 an an DT 35419 3720 60 entrance entrance NN 35419 3720 61 . . . 35419 3721 1 The the DT 35419 3721 2 most most RBS 35419 3721 3 conspicuous conspicuous JJ 35419 3721 4 part part NN 35419 3721 5 of of IN 35419 3721 6 the the DT 35419 3721 7 fungus fungus NN 35419 3721 8 is be VBZ 35419 3721 9 found find VBN 35419 3721 10 frequently frequently RB 35419 3721 11 in in IN 35419 3721 12 the the DT 35419 3721 13 summer summer NN 35419 3721 14 and and CC 35419 3721 15 fall fall VB 35419 3721 16 on on IN 35419 3721 17 the the DT 35419 3721 18 diseased diseased JJ 35419 3721 19 parts part NNS 35419 3721 20 of of IN 35419 3721 21 the the DT 35419 3721 22 tree tree NN 35419 3721 23 or or CC 35419 3721 24 timber timber NN 35419 3721 25 infested infest VBN 35419 3721 26 by by IN 35419 3721 27 it -PRON- PRP 35419 3721 28 . . . 35419 3722 1 It -PRON- PRP 35419 3722 2 is be VBZ 35419 3722 3 one one CD 35419 3722 4 of of IN 35419 3722 5 the the DT 35419 3722 6 common common JJ 35419 3722 7 toadstools toadstool NNS 35419 3722 8 , , , 35419 3722 9 this this DT 35419 3722 10 particular particular JJ 35419 3722 11 species specie NNS 35419 3722 12 being be VBG 35419 3722 13 recognized recognize VBN 35419 3722 14 by by IN 35419 3722 15 its -PRON- PRP$ 35419 3722 16 yellowish yellowish JJ 35419 3722 17 color color NN 35419 3722 18 , , , 35419 3722 19 gills gill VBZ 35419 3722 20 extending extend VBG 35419 3722 21 downward downward RB 35419 3722 22 upon upon IN 35419 3722 23 the the DT 35419 3722 24 stem stem NN 35419 3722 25 , , , 35419 3722 26 which which WDT 35419 3722 27 is be VBZ 35419 3722 28 encircled encircle VBN 35419 3722 29 a a DT 35419 3722 30 little little RB 35419 3722 31 lower low JJR 35419 3722 32 down down RB 35419 3722 33 by by IN 35419 3722 34 a a DT 35419 3722 35 ring ring NN 35419 3722 36 , , , 35419 3722 37 and and CC 35419 3722 38 by by IN 35419 3722 39 its -PRON- PRP$ 35419 3722 40 habit habit NN 35419 3722 41 of of IN 35419 3722 42 growing grow VBG 35419 3722 43 in in IN 35419 3722 44 tufts tufts JJ 35419 3722 45 or or CC 35419 3722 46 little little JJ 35419 3722 47 clumps clump NNS 35419 3722 48 of of IN 35419 3722 49 several several JJ 35419 3722 50 or or CC 35419 3722 51 many many JJ 35419 3722 52 individuals individual NNS 35419 3722 53 together together RB 35419 3722 54 . . . 35419 3723 1 It -PRON- PRP 35419 3723 2 is be VBZ 35419 3723 3 also also RB 35419 3723 4 particularly particularly RB 35419 3723 5 distinguished distinguish VBN 35419 3723 6 by by IN 35419 3723 7 the the DT 35419 3723 8 formation formation NN 35419 3723 9 of of IN 35419 3723 10 slender slender NN 35419 3723 11 , , , 35419 3723 12 dark dark JJ 35419 3723 13 - - HYPH 35419 3723 14 colored colored JJ 35419 3723 15 strings string NNS 35419 3723 16 , , , 35419 3723 17 consisting consist VBG 35419 3723 18 of of IN 35419 3723 19 compact compact JJ 35419 3723 20 mycelium mycelium NN 35419 3723 21 , , , 35419 3723 22 from from IN 35419 3723 23 which which WDT 35419 3723 24 the the DT 35419 3723 25 fruiting fruiting NN 35419 3723 26 parts part NNS 35419 3723 27 just just RB 35419 3723 28 described describe VBN 35419 3723 29 arise arise NN 35419 3723 30 . . . 35419 3724 1 These these DT 35419 3724 2 hard hard JJ 35419 3724 3 root root NN 35419 3724 4 - - HYPH 35419 3724 5 like like JJ 35419 3724 6 strings string NNS 35419 3724 7 ( ( -LRB- 35419 3724 8 called call VBN 35419 3724 9 rhizomorphs rhizomorph NNS 35419 3724 10 ) ) -RRB- 35419 3724 11 extend extend VB 35419 3724 12 along along RB 35419 3724 13 just just RB 35419 3724 14 beneath beneath IN 35419 3724 15 the the DT 35419 3724 16 surface surface NN 35419 3724 17 of of IN 35419 3724 18 the the DT 35419 3724 19 ground ground NN 35419 3724 20 , , , 35419 3724 21 often often RB 35419 3724 22 a a DT 35419 3724 23 distance distance NN 35419 3724 24 of of IN 35419 3724 25 several several JJ 35419 3724 26 feet foot NNS 35419 3724 27 , , , 35419 3724 28 and and CC 35419 3724 29 penetrate penetrate VB 35419 3724 30 the the DT 35419 3724 31 roots root NNS 35419 3724 32 of of IN 35419 3724 33 sound sound JJ 35419 3724 34 trees tree NNS 35419 3724 35 . . . 35419 3725 1 By by IN 35419 3725 2 carefully carefully RB 35419 3725 3 removing remove VBG 35419 3725 4 the the DT 35419 3725 5 bark bark NN 35419 3725 6 from from IN 35419 3725 7 a a DT 35419 3725 8 root root NN 35419 3725 9 thus thus RB 35419 3725 10 invaded invade VBD 35419 3725 11 the the DT 35419 3725 12 fungus fungus NN 35419 3725 13 is be VBZ 35419 3725 14 seen see VBN 35419 3725 15 in in IN 35419 3725 16 the the DT 35419 3725 17 form form NN 35419 3725 18 of of IN 35419 3725 19 a a DT 35419 3725 20 dense dense JJ 35419 3725 21 , , , 35419 3725 22 nearly nearly RB 35419 3725 23 white white JJ 35419 3725 24 , , , 35419 3725 25 mass mass NN 35419 3725 26 of of IN 35419 3725 27 mycelium mycelium NN 35419 3725 28 , , , 35419 3725 29 which which WDT 35419 3725 30 , , , 35419 3725 31 as as IN 35419 3725 32 the the DT 35419 3725 33 parts part NNS 35419 3725 34 around around IN 35419 3725 35 decay decay NNP 35419 3725 36 , , , 35419 3725 37 gradually gradually RB 35419 3725 38 produces produce VBZ 35419 3725 39 again again RB 35419 3725 40 the the DT 35419 3725 41 rhizomorphs rhizomorph NNS 35419 3725 42 already already RB 35419 3725 43 described describe VBN 35419 3725 44 . . . 35419 3726 1 These these DT 35419 3726 2 rhizomorphs rhizomorph NNS 35419 3726 3 are be VBP 35419 3726 4 a a DT 35419 3726 5 characteristic characteristic JJ 35419 3726 6 part part NN 35419 3726 7 of of IN 35419 3726 8 the the DT 35419 3726 9 fungus fungus NN 35419 3726 10 . . . 35419 3727 1 Occurring occur VBG 35419 3727 2 both both DT 35419 3727 3 in in IN 35419 3727 4 the the DT 35419 3727 5 decayed decayed JJ 35419 3727 6 wood wood NN 35419 3727 7 from from IN 35419 3727 8 which which WDT 35419 3727 9 they -PRON- PRP 35419 3727 10 spread spread VBD 35419 3727 11 to to IN 35419 3727 12 the the DT 35419 3727 13 adjacent adjacent JJ 35419 3727 14 parts part NNS 35419 3727 15 , , , 35419 3727 16 and and CC 35419 3727 17 extending extend VBG 35419 3727 18 in in IN 35419 3727 19 the the DT 35419 3727 20 soil soil NN 35419 3727 21 from from IN 35419 3727 22 root root NN 35419 3727 23 to to IN 35419 3727 24 root root NN 35419 3727 25 , , , 35419 3727 26 they -PRON- PRP 35419 3727 27 constitute constitute VBP 35419 3727 28 a a DT 35419 3727 29 most most RBS 35419 3727 30 effective effective JJ 35419 3727 31 agency agency NN 35419 3727 32 in in IN 35419 3727 33 the the DT 35419 3727 34 extension extension NN 35419 3727 35 of of IN 35419 3727 36 the the DT 35419 3727 37 disease disease NN 35419 3727 38 . . . 35419 3728 1 * * NFP 35419 3728 2 * * NFP 35419 3728 3 * * NFP 35419 3728 4 External external JJ 35419 3728 5 symptoms symptom NNS 35419 3728 6 , , , 35419 3728 7 to to TO 35419 3728 8 be be VB 35419 3728 9 observed observe VBN 35419 3728 10 especially especially RB 35419 3728 11 in in IN 35419 3728 12 young young JJ 35419 3728 13 specimens specimen NNS 35419 3728 14 recently recently RB 35419 3728 15 attacked attack VBD 35419 3728 16 , , , 35419 3728 17 consist consist VB 35419 3728 18 in in IN 35419 3728 19 a a DT 35419 3728 20 change change NN 35419 3728 21 of of IN 35419 3728 22 the the DT 35419 3728 23 leaves leave NNS 35419 3728 24 to to IN 35419 3728 25 a a DT 35419 3728 26 pale pale JJ 35419 3728 27 sickly sickly NN 35419 3728 28 color color NN 35419 3728 29 and and CC 35419 3728 30 often often RB 35419 3728 31 the the DT 35419 3728 32 production production NN 35419 3728 33 of of IN 35419 3728 34 short short JJ 35419 3728 35 stunted stunted JJ 35419 3728 36 shoots shoot NNS 35419 3728 37 . . . 35419 3729 1 A a DT 35419 3729 2 still still RB 35419 3729 3 more more RBR 35419 3729 4 marked marked JJ 35419 3729 5 symptom symptom NN 35419 3729 6 is be VBZ 35419 3729 7 the the DT 35419 3729 8 formation formation NN 35419 3729 9 of of IN 35419 3729 10 great great JJ 35419 3729 11 quantities quantity NNS 35419 3729 12 of of IN 35419 3729 13 resin resin NN 35419 3729 14 , , , 35419 3729 15 which which WDT 35419 3729 16 flow flow VBP 35419 3729 17 downward downward RB 35419 3729 18 thru thru IN 35419 3729 19 the the DT 35419 3729 20 injured injured JJ 35419 3729 21 parts part NNS 35419 3729 22 and and CC 35419 3729 23 out out RB 35419 3729 24 into into IN 35419 3729 25 the the DT 35419 3729 26 ground ground NN 35419 3729 27 . . . 35419 3730 1 ( ( -LRB- 35419 3730 2 _ _ NNP 35419 3730 3 Forestry Forestry NNP 35419 3730 4 Bulletin Bulletin NNP 35419 3730 5 _ _ NNP 35419 3730 6 No no UH 35419 3730 7 . . . 35419 3731 1 22 22 CD 35419 3731 2 , , , 35419 3731 3 p. p. NN 35419 3732 1 51 51 CD 35419 3732 2 . . . 35419 3732 3 ) ) -RRB- 35419 3733 1 Of of IN 35419 3733 2 the the DT 35419 3733 3 irregular irregular JJ 35419 3733 4 shaped shaped JJ 35419 3733 5 fungi fungi NN 35419 3733 6 , , , 35419 3733 7 one one CD 35419 3733 8 of of IN 35419 3733 9 the the DT 35419 3733 10 most most RBS 35419 3733 11 destructive destructive JJ 35419 3733 12 is be VBZ 35419 3733 13 a a DT 35419 3733 14 true true JJ 35419 3733 15 parasite parasite NN 35419 3733 16 , , , 35419 3733 17 _ _ NNP 35419 3733 18 i.e. i.e. FW 35419 3733 19 _ _ NNP 35419 3733 20 , , , 35419 3733 21 one one CD 35419 3733 22 that that WDT 35419 3733 23 finds find VBZ 35419 3733 24 lodgment lodgment NN 35419 3733 25 without without IN 35419 3733 26 help help NN 35419 3733 27 , , , 35419 3733 28 called call VBD 35419 3733 29 _ _ NNP 35419 3733 30 Polyporus Polyporus NNP 35419 3733 31 annosus annosus NN 35419 3733 32 _ _ NNP 35419 3733 33 and and CC 35419 3733 34 also also RB 35419 3733 35 _ _ NNP 35419 3733 36 Trametes Trametes NNP 35419 3733 37 radiciperda radiciperda NN 35419 3733 38 _ _ NNP 35419 3733 39 , , , 35419 3733 40 Fig Fig NNP 35419 3733 41 . . . 35419 3734 1 85 85 CD 35419 3734 2 . . . 35419 3735 1 It -PRON- PRP 35419 3735 2 is be VBZ 35419 3735 3 peculiar peculiar JJ 35419 3735 4 in in IN 35419 3735 5 developing develop VBG 35419 3735 6 its -PRON- PRP$ 35419 3735 7 fructifications fructification NNS 35419 3735 8 on on IN 35419 3735 9 the the DT 35419 3735 10 exterior exterior NN 35419 3735 11 of of IN 35419 3735 12 roots root NNS 35419 3735 13 , , , 35419 3735 14 beneath beneath IN 35419 3735 15 the the DT 35419 3735 16 soil soil NN 35419 3735 17 . . . 35419 3736 1 Its -PRON- PRP$ 35419 3736 2 pores pore NNS 35419 3736 3 appear appear VBP 35419 3736 4 on on IN 35419 3736 5 the the DT 35419 3736 6 upper upper JJ 35419 3736 7 side side NN 35419 3736 8 of of IN 35419 3736 9 the the DT 35419 3736 10 fructifications fructification NNS 35419 3736 11 . . . 35419 3737 1 It -PRON- PRP 35419 3737 2 attacks attack VBZ 35419 3737 3 only only RB 35419 3737 4 conifers conifer NNS 35419 3737 5 . . . 35419 3738 1 Its -PRON- PRP$ 35419 3738 2 spores spore NNS 35419 3738 3 , , , 35419 3738 4 which which WDT 35419 3738 5 can can MD 35419 3738 6 be be VB 35419 3738 7 readily readily RB 35419 3738 8 conveyed convey VBN 35419 3738 9 in in IN 35419 3738 10 the the DT 35419 3738 11 fur fur NN 35419 3738 12 of of IN 35419 3738 13 mice mouse NNS 35419 3738 14 or or CC 35419 3738 15 other other JJ 35419 3738 16 burrowing burrow VBG 35419 3738 17 animals animal NNS 35419 3738 18 , , , 35419 3738 19 germinate germinate NN 35419 3738 20 in in IN 35419 3738 21 the the DT 35419 3738 22 moisture moisture NN 35419 3738 23 around around IN 35419 3738 24 the the DT 35419 3738 25 roots root NNS 35419 3738 26 : : : 35419 3738 27 the the DT 35419 3738 28 fine fine JJ 35419 3738 29 threads thread NNS 35419 3738 30 of of IN 35419 3738 31 " " `` 35419 3738 32 spawn spawn NN 35419 3738 33 " " '' 35419 3738 34 penetrate penetrate VB 35419 3738 35 the the DT 35419 3738 36 cortex cortex NN 35419 3738 37 , , , 35419 3738 38 and and CC 35419 3738 39 spread spread VBD 35419 3738 40 thru thru RB 35419 3738 41 and and CC 35419 3738 42 destroy destroy VB 35419 3738 43 the the DT 35419 3738 44 cambium cambium NN 35419 3738 45 , , , 35419 3738 46 extending extend VBG 35419 3738 47 in in IN 35419 3738 48 thin thin JJ 35419 3738 49 , , , 35419 3738 50 flat flat JJ 35419 3738 51 , , , 35419 3738 52 fan fan NN 35419 3738 53 - - HYPH 35419 3738 54 like like JJ 35419 3738 55 , , , 35419 3738 56 white white JJ 35419 3738 57 , , , 35419 3738 58 silky silky JJ 35419 3738 59 bands band NNS 35419 3738 60 , , , 35419 3738 61 and and CC 35419 3738 62 , , , 35419 3738 63 here here RB 35419 3738 64 and and CC 35419 3738 65 there there RB 35419 3738 66 , , , 35419 3738 67 bursting burst VBG 35419 3738 68 thru thru IN 35419 3738 69 the the DT 35419 3738 70 cortex cortex NNP 35419 3738 71 in in IN 35419 3738 72 white white JJ 35419 3738 73 , , , 35419 3738 74 oval oval JJ 35419 3738 75 cushions cushion NNS 35419 3738 76 , , , 35419 3738 77 on on IN 35419 3738 78 which which WDT 35419 3738 79 the the DT 35419 3738 80 subterranean subterranean JJ 35419 3738 81 fructifications fructification NNS 35419 3738 82 are be VBP 35419 3738 83 produced produce VBN 35419 3738 84 . . . 35419 3739 1 Each each DT 35419 3739 2 of of IN 35419 3739 3 these these DT 35419 3739 4 is be VBZ 35419 3739 5 a a DT 35419 3739 6 yellowish yellowish JJ 35419 3739 7 - - HYPH 35419 3739 8 white white JJ 35419 3739 9 , , , 35419 3739 10 felt feel VBN 35419 3739 11 - - HYPH 35419 3739 12 like like JJ 35419 3739 13 mass mass NN 35419 3739 14 , , , 35419 3739 15 with with IN 35419 3739 16 its -PRON- PRP$ 35419 3739 17 outer outer JJ 35419 3739 18 surface surface NN 35419 3739 19 covered cover VBN 35419 3739 20 with with IN 35419 3739 21 crowded crowded JJ 35419 3739 22 minute minute NN 35419 3739 23 tubes tube NNS 35419 3739 24 or or CC 35419 3739 25 " " `` 35419 3739 26 pores pore NNS 35419 3739 27 " " '' 35419 3739 28 in in IN 35419 3739 29 which which WDT 35419 3739 30 the the DT 35419 3739 31 spores spore NNS 35419 3739 32 are be VBP 35419 3739 33 produced produce VBN 35419 3739 34 . . . 35419 3740 1 The the DT 35419 3740 2 wood wood NN 35419 3740 3 attacked attack VBN 35419 3740 4 by by IN 35419 3740 5 this this DT 35419 3740 6 fungus fungus NN 35419 3740 7 first first RB 35419 3740 8 becomes become VBZ 35419 3740 9 rosy rosy JJ 35419 3740 10 or or CC 35419 3740 11 purple purple JJ 35419 3740 12 , , , 35419 3740 13 then then RB 35419 3740 14 turns turn VBZ 35419 3740 15 yellowish yellowish JJ 35419 3740 16 , , , 35419 3740 17 and and CC 35419 3740 18 then then RB 35419 3740 19 exhibits exhibit VBZ 35419 3740 20 minute minute JJ 35419 3740 21 black black JJ 35419 3740 22 dots dot NNS 35419 3740 23 , , , 35419 3740 24 which which WDT 35419 3740 25 surround surround VBP 35419 3740 26 themselves -PRON- PRP 35419 3740 27 with with IN 35419 3740 28 extending extend VBG 35419 3740 29 soft soft JJ 35419 3740 30 white white JJ 35419 3740 31 patches patch NNS 35419 3740 32 . . . 35419 3741 1 ( ( -LRB- 35419 3741 2 Boulger boulger NN 35419 3741 3 , , , 35419 3741 4 p. p. NN 35419 3742 1 73 73 CD 35419 3742 2 . . . 35419 3742 3 ) ) -RRB- 35419 3743 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 3743 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 3743 3 : : : 35419 3743 4 Fig Fig NNP 35419 3743 5 . . . 35419 3744 1 85 85 CD 35419 3744 2 . . . 35419 3745 1 1 1 LS 35419 3745 2 . . . 35419 3746 1 Stump Stump NNP 35419 3746 2 of of IN 35419 3746 3 Norway Norway NNP 35419 3746 4 Spruce Spruce NNP 35419 3746 5 , , , 35419 3746 6 with with IN 35419 3746 7 a a DT 35419 3746 8 sporophore sporophore NN 35419 3746 9 of of IN 35419 3746 10 _ _ NNP 35419 3746 11 polyporus polyporus NNP 35419 3746 12 annosus annosus NNP 35419 3746 13 _ _ NNP 35419 3746 14 several several JJ 35419 3746 15 years year NNS 35419 3746 16 old old JJ 35419 3746 17 ; ; : 35419 3746 18 the the DT 35419 3746 19 inner inner JJ 35419 3746 20 portions portion NNS 35419 3746 21 of of IN 35419 3746 22 the the DT 35419 3746 23 stump stump NN 35419 3746 24 wholly wholly RB 35419 3746 25 decayed decay VBN 35419 3746 26 . . . 35419 3747 1 2 2 LS 35419 3747 2 . . . 35419 3748 1 Roots root NNS 35419 3748 2 of of IN 35419 3748 3 a a DT 35419 3748 4 diseased diseased JJ 35419 3748 5 spruce spruce NN 35419 3748 6 tree tree NN 35419 3748 7 , , , 35419 3748 8 with with IN 35419 3748 9 numerous numerous JJ 35419 3748 10 small small JJ 35419 3748 11 sporophores sporophore NNS 35419 3748 12 of of IN 35419 3748 13 _ _ NNP 35419 3748 14 polyporus polyporus NNP 35419 3748 15 annosus annosus NNP 35419 3748 16 _ _ NNP 35419 3748 17 attached attach VBD 35419 3748 18 . . . 35419 3749 1 _ _ NNP 35419 3749 2 Forestry Forestry NNP 35419 3749 3 Bulletin Bulletin NNP 35419 3749 4 22 22 CD 35419 3749 5 _ _ NNP 35419 3749 6 , , , 35419 3749 7 Plate Plate NNP 35419 3749 8 XIII XIII NNP 35419 3749 9 , , , 35419 3749 10 Figs fig NNS 35419 3749 11 . . . 35419 3750 1 1 1 CD 35419 3750 2 and and CC 35419 3750 3 2 2 CD 35419 3750 4 . . . 35419 3750 5 ] ] -RRB- 35419 3751 1 Of of IN 35419 3751 2 the the DT 35419 3751 3 fungi fungi NN 35419 3751 4 which which WDT 35419 3751 5 attack attack VBP 35419 3751 6 converted convert VBD 35419 3751 7 timber timber NN 35419 3751 8 , , , 35419 3751 9 the the DT 35419 3751 10 most most RBS 35419 3751 11 important important JJ 35419 3751 12 is be VBZ 35419 3751 13 " " `` 35419 3751 14 dry dry JJ 35419 3751 15 rot rot NN 35419 3751 16 " " '' 35419 3751 17 or or CC 35419 3751 18 " " `` 35419 3751 19 tear tear JJ 35419 3751 20 fungus fungus NN 35419 3751 21 " " '' 35419 3751 22 ( ( -LRB- 35419 3751 23 _ _ NNP 35419 3751 24 Merulius Merulius NNP 35419 3751 25 lachrymans lachrymans NNPS 35419 3751 26 _ _ NNP 35419 3751 27 ) ) -RRB- 35419 3751 28 , , , 35419 3751 29 Fig Fig NNP 35419 3751 30 . . . 35419 3752 1 86 86 CD 35419 3752 2 . . . 35419 3753 1 It -PRON- PRP 35419 3753 2 flourishes flourish VBZ 35419 3753 3 on on IN 35419 3753 4 damp damp JJ 35419 3753 5 wood wood NN 35419 3753 6 in in IN 35419 3753 7 still still RB 35419 3753 8 air air NN 35419 3753 9 , , , 35419 3753 10 especially especially RB 35419 3753 11 around around IN 35419 3753 12 stables stable NNS 35419 3753 13 and and CC 35419 3753 14 ill ill JJ 35419 3753 15 ventilated ventilate VBN 35419 3753 16 cellars cellar NNS 35419 3753 17 . . . 35419 3754 1 It -PRON- PRP 35419 3754 2 gets get VBZ 35419 3754 3 its -PRON- PRP$ 35419 3754 4 name name NN 35419 3754 5 lachrymans lachryman NNS 35419 3754 6 ( ( -LRB- 35419 3754 7 weeping weep VBG 35419 3754 8 ) ) -RRB- 35419 3754 9 from from IN 35419 3754 10 its -PRON- PRP$ 35419 3754 11 habit habit NN 35419 3754 12 of of IN 35419 3754 13 dripping drip VBG 35419 3754 14 moisture moisture NN 35419 3754 15 . . . 35419 3755 1 The the DT 35419 3755 2 fungus fungus NN 35419 3755 3 destroys destroy VBZ 35419 3755 4 the the DT 35419 3755 5 substance substance NN 35419 3755 6 of of IN 35419 3755 7 the the DT 35419 3755 8 timber timber NN 35419 3755 9 , , , 35419 3755 10 lessening lessen VBG 35419 3755 11 its -PRON- PRP$ 35419 3755 12 weight weight NN 35419 3755 13 and and CC 35419 3755 14 causing cause VBG 35419 3755 15 it -PRON- PRP 35419 3755 16 to to IN 35419 3755 17 warp warp VB 35419 3755 18 and and CC 35419 3755 19 crack crack VB 35419 3755 20 ; ; : 35419 3755 21 until until IN 35419 3755 22 at at IN 35419 3755 23 length length NN 35419 3755 24 it -PRON- PRP 35419 3755 25 crumbles crumble VBZ 35419 3755 26 up up RP 35419 3755 27 when when WRB 35419 3755 28 dry dry JJ 35419 3755 29 into into IN 35419 3755 30 a a DT 35419 3755 31 fine fine JJ 35419 3755 32 brown brown JJ 35419 3755 33 powder powder NN 35419 3755 34 , , , 35419 3755 35 or or CC 35419 3755 36 , , , 35419 3755 37 readily readily RB 35419 3755 38 absorbing absorb VBG 35419 3755 39 any any DT 35419 3755 40 moisture moisture NN 35419 3755 41 in in IN 35419 3755 42 its -PRON- PRP$ 35419 3755 43 neighborhood neighborhood NN 35419 3755 44 , , , 35419 3755 45 becomes become VBZ 35419 3755 46 a a DT 35419 3755 47 soft soft JJ 35419 3755 48 , , , 35419 3755 49 cheese cheese NN 35419 3755 50 - - HYPH 35419 3755 51 like like JJ 35419 3755 52 mass mass NN 35419 3755 53 . . . 35419 3756 1 * * NFP 35419 3756 2 * * NFP 35419 3756 3 * * NFP 35419 3756 4 Imperfectly imperfectly RB 35419 3756 5 seasoned season VBN 35419 3756 6 timber timber NN 35419 3756 7 is be VBZ 35419 3756 8 most most RBS 35419 3756 9 susceptible susceptible JJ 35419 3756 10 to to IN 35419 3756 11 dry dry JJ 35419 3756 12 rot rot NNP 35419 3756 13 : : : 35419 3756 14 the the DT 35419 3756 15 fungus fungus NN 35419 3756 16 can can MD 35419 3756 17 be be VB 35419 3756 18 spread spread VBN 35419 3756 19 either either CC 35419 3756 20 by by IN 35419 3756 21 its -PRON- PRP$ 35419 3756 22 spawn spawn NN 35419 3756 23 or or CC 35419 3756 24 by by IN 35419 3756 25 spores spore NNS 35419 3756 26 , , , 35419 3756 27 and and CC 35419 3756 28 these these DT 35419 3756 29 latter latter JJ 35419 3756 30 can can MD 35419 3756 31 be be VB 35419 3756 32 carried carry VBN 35419 3756 33 even even RB 35419 3756 34 by by IN 35419 3756 35 the the DT 35419 3756 36 clothes clothe NNS 35419 3756 37 or or CC 35419 3756 38 saws saw NNS 35419 3756 39 of of IN 35419 3756 40 workmen workman NNS 35419 3756 41 , , , 35419 3756 42 and and CC 35419 3756 43 are be VBP 35419 3756 44 , , , 35419 3756 45 of of IN 35419 3756 46 course course NN 35419 3756 47 , , , 35419 3756 48 only only RB 35419 3756 49 too too RB 35419 3756 50 likely likely JJ 35419 3756 51 to to TO 35419 3756 52 reach reach VB 35419 3756 53 sound sound JJ 35419 3756 54 wood wood NN 35419 3756 55 if if IN 35419 3756 56 diseased disease VBN 35419 3756 57 timber timber NN 35419 3756 58 is be VBZ 35419 3756 59 left leave VBN 35419 3756 60 about about RP 35419 3756 61 near near IN 35419 3756 62 it -PRON- PRP 35419 3756 63 ; ; : 35419 3756 64 but but CC 35419 3756 65 on on IN 35419 3756 66 the the DT 35419 3756 67 other other JJ 35419 3756 68 hand hand NN 35419 3756 69 dry dry JJ 35419 3756 70 timber timber NN 35419 3756 71 kept keep VBD 35419 3756 72 dry dry JJ 35419 3756 73 is be VBZ 35419 3756 74 proof proof NN 35419 3756 75 against against IN 35419 3756 76 dry dry JJ 35419 3756 77 rot rot NN 35419 3756 78 , , , 35419 3756 79 and and CC 35419 3756 80 exposure exposure NN 35419 3756 81 to to TO 35419 3756 82 really really RB 35419 3756 83 dry dry VB 35419 3756 84 air air NN 35419 3756 85 is be VBZ 35419 3756 86 fatal fatal JJ 35419 3756 87 to to IN 35419 3756 88 the the DT 35419 3756 89 fungus fungus NN 35419 3756 90 . . . 35419 3757 1 ( ( -LRB- 35419 3757 2 Boulger boulger NN 35419 3757 3 , , , 35419 3757 4 p. p. NN 35419 3758 1 75 75 CD 35419 3758 2 . . . 35419 3758 3 ) ) -RRB- 35419 3759 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 3759 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 3759 3 : : : 35419 3759 4 Fig Fig NNP 35419 3759 5 . . . 35419 3760 1 86 86 CD 35419 3760 2 . . . 35419 3761 1 Portion portion NN 35419 3761 2 of of IN 35419 3761 3 the the DT 35419 3761 4 mycelium mycelium NN 35419 3761 5 of of IN 35419 3761 6 dry dry JJ 35419 3761 7 rot rot NN 35419 3761 8 or or CC 35419 3761 9 tear tear VB 35419 3761 10 fungus fungus NN 35419 3761 11 , , , 35419 3761 12 _ _ NNP 35419 3761 13 Merulius Merulius NNP 35419 3761 14 lachrymans lachrymans NNPS 35419 3761 15 _ _ NNP 35419 3761 16 . . . 35419 3762 1 This this DT 35419 3762 2 cakelike cakelike NN 35419 3762 3 mass mass NN 35419 3762 4 spreads spread VBZ 35419 3762 5 over over IN 35419 3762 6 the the DT 35419 3762 7 surface surface NN 35419 3762 8 of of IN 35419 3762 9 the the DT 35419 3762 10 timber timber NN 35419 3762 11 . . . 35419 3763 1 In in IN 35419 3763 2 a a DT 35419 3763 3 moist moist JJ 35419 3763 4 environment environment NN 35419 3763 5 pellucid pellucid JJ 35419 3763 6 drops drop NNS 35419 3763 7 or or CC 35419 3763 8 " " `` 35419 3763 9 tears tear NNS 35419 3763 10 " " '' 35419 3763 11 distil distil NN 35419 3763 12 from from IN 35419 3763 13 its -PRON- PRP$ 35419 3763 14 lower low JJR 35419 3763 15 surface surface NN 35419 3763 16 : : : 35419 3763 17 Hence hence RB 35419 3763 18 its -PRON- PRP$ 35419 3763 19 name name NN 35419 3763 20 . . . 35419 3764 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 3764 2 Ward Ward NNP 35419 3764 3 : : : 35419 3764 4 _ _ NNP 35419 3764 5 Timber Timber NNP 35419 3764 6 _ _ NNP 35419 3764 7 ; ; : 35419 3764 8 Fig Fig NNP 35419 3764 9 . . . 35419 3765 1 21 21 CD 35419 3765 2 . . . 35419 3765 3 ] ] -RRB- 35419 3765 4 ] ] -RRB- 35419 3766 1 About about IN 35419 3766 2 all all DT 35419 3766 3 that that WDT 35419 3766 4 can can MD 35419 3766 5 be be VB 35419 3766 6 done do VBN 35419 3766 7 to to TO 35419 3766 8 protect protect VB 35419 3766 9 the the DT 35419 3766 10 forest forest NN 35419 3766 11 against against IN 35419 3766 12 fungi fungi NNP 35419 3766 13 is be VBZ 35419 3766 14 to to TO 35419 3766 15 keep keep VB 35419 3766 16 it -PRON- PRP 35419 3766 17 clean clean JJ 35419 3766 18 , , , 35419 3766 19 that that RB 35419 3766 20 is is RB 35419 3766 21 , , , 35419 3766 22 to to TO 35419 3766 23 clear clear VB 35419 3766 24 out out RP 35419 3766 25 fallen fall VBN 35419 3766 26 timber timber NN 35419 3766 27 and and CC 35419 3766 28 slash slash NN 35419 3766 29 , , , 35419 3766 30 and and CC 35419 3766 31 in in IN 35419 3766 32 some some DT 35419 3766 33 cases case NNS 35419 3766 34 to to TO 35419 3766 35 dig dig VB 35419 3766 36 trenches trench NNS 35419 3766 37 around around IN 35419 3766 38 affected affect VBN 35419 3766 39 trees tree NNS 35419 3766 40 to to TO 35419 3766 41 prevent prevent VB 35419 3766 42 spreading spreading NN 35419 3766 43 or or CC 35419 3766 44 to to TO 35419 3766 45 cut cut VB 35419 3766 46 them -PRON- PRP 35419 3766 47 out out RP 35419 3766 48 and and CC 35419 3766 49 destroy destroy VB 35419 3766 50 them -PRON- PRP 35419 3766 51 . . . 35419 3767 1 Such such JJ 35419 3767 2 methods method NNS 35419 3767 3 have have VBP 35419 3767 4 heretofore heretofore RB 35419 3767 5 been be VBN 35419 3767 6 too too RB 35419 3767 7 expensive expensive JJ 35419 3767 8 to to TO 35419 3767 9 employ employ VB 35419 3767 10 in in IN 35419 3767 11 any any DT 35419 3767 12 ordinary ordinary JJ 35419 3767 13 American american JJ 35419 3767 14 forest forest NN 35419 3767 15 , , , 35419 3767 16 but but CC 35419 3767 17 the the DT 35419 3767 18 time time NN 35419 3767 19 is be VBZ 35419 3767 20 at at IN 35419 3767 21 hand hand NN 35419 3767 22 when when WRB 35419 3767 23 such such JJ 35419 3767 24 action action NN 35419 3767 25 will will MD 35419 3767 26 prove prove VB 35419 3767 27 profitable profitable JJ 35419 3767 28 in in IN 35419 3767 29 many many JJ 35419 3767 30 localities locality NNS 35419 3767 31 . . . 35419 3768 1 For for IN 35419 3768 2 the the DT 35419 3768 3 preservation preservation NN 35419 3768 4 of of IN 35419 3768 5 cut cut NN 35419 3768 6 timber timber NN 35419 3768 7 from from IN 35419 3768 8 decay decay NN 35419 3768 9 , , , 35419 3768 10 several several JJ 35419 3768 11 methods method NNS 35419 3768 12 are be VBP 35419 3768 13 used use VBN 35419 3768 14 . . . 35419 3769 1 Fungi Fungi NNP 35419 3769 2 need need VBP 35419 3769 3 heat heat NN 35419 3769 4 , , , 35419 3769 5 air air NN 35419 3769 6 , , , 35419 3769 7 moisture moisture NN 35419 3769 8 and and CC 35419 3769 9 food food NN 35419 3769 10 . . . 35419 3770 1 If if IN 35419 3770 2 any any DT 35419 3770 3 one one CD 35419 3770 4 of of IN 35419 3770 5 these these DT 35419 3770 6 is be VBZ 35419 3770 7 lacking lack VBG 35419 3770 8 the the DT 35419 3770 9 fungus fungus NN 35419 3770 10 can can MD 35419 3770 11 not not RB 35419 3770 12 grow grow VB 35419 3770 13 . . . 35419 3771 1 Air air NN 35419 3771 2 and and CC 35419 3771 3 heat heat NN 35419 3771 4 are be VBP 35419 3771 5 hard hard JJ 35419 3771 6 to to TO 35419 3771 7 exclude exclude VB 35419 3771 8 from from IN 35419 3771 9 wood wood NN 35419 3771 10 , , , 35419 3771 11 but but CC 35419 3771 12 moisture moisture NN 35419 3771 13 and and CC 35419 3771 14 food food NN 35419 3771 15 can can MD 35419 3771 16 be be VB 35419 3771 17 kept keep VBN 35419 3771 18 from from IN 35419 3771 19 fungi fungi NNP 35419 3771 20 . . . 35419 3772 1 The the DT 35419 3772 2 removal removal NN 35419 3772 3 of of IN 35419 3772 4 moisture moisture NN 35419 3772 5 is be VBZ 35419 3772 6 called call VBN 35419 3772 7 seasoning seasoning NN 35419 3772 8 , , , 35419 3772 9 and and CC 35419 3772 10 the the DT 35419 3772 11 poisoning poisoning NN 35419 3772 12 of of IN 35419 3772 13 the the DT 35419 3772 14 food food NN 35419 3772 15 of of IN 35419 3772 16 fungi fungi NNP 35419 3772 17 is be VBZ 35419 3772 18 a a DT 35419 3772 19 process process NN 35419 3772 20 of of IN 35419 3772 21 impregnating impregnate VBG 35419 3772 22 wood wood NN 35419 3772 23 with with IN 35419 3772 24 certain certain JJ 35419 3772 25 chemicals chemical NNS 35419 3772 26 . . . 35419 3773 1 Both both DT 35419 3773 2 these these DT 35419 3773 3 processes process NNS 35419 3773 4 are be VBP 35419 3773 5 described describe VBN 35419 3773 6 in in IN 35419 3773 7 _ _ NNP 35419 3773 8 Handwork Handwork NNP 35419 3773 9 in in IN 35419 3773 10 Wood Wood NNP 35419 3773 11 _ _ NNP 35419 3773 12 , , , 35419 3773 13 Chapter Chapter NNP 35419 3773 14 III III NNP 35419 3773 15 . . . 35419 3774 1 ANIMAL ANIMAL NNP 35419 3774 2 ENEMIES enemy NNS 35419 3774 3 . . . 35419 3775 1 The the DT 35419 3775 2 larger large JJR 35419 3775 3 animals animal NNS 35419 3775 4 working work VBG 35419 3775 5 damage damage NN 35419 3775 6 to to IN 35419 3775 7 our -PRON- PRP$ 35419 3775 8 forests forest NNS 35419 3775 9 are be VBP 35419 3775 10 chiefly chiefly RB 35419 3775 11 rodents rodent NNS 35419 3775 12 and and CC 35419 3775 13 grazing grazing NN 35419 3775 14 animals animal NNS 35419 3775 15 . . . 35419 3776 1 Beavers beaver NNS 35419 3776 2 gnaw gnaw VBP 35419 3776 3 the the DT 35419 3776 4 bark bark NN 35419 3776 5 , , , 35419 3776 6 while while IN 35419 3776 7 mice mouse NNS 35419 3776 8 and and CC 35419 3776 9 squirrels squirrel NNS 35419 3776 10 rob rob NNP 35419 3776 11 the the DT 35419 3776 12 forest forest NN 35419 3776 13 of of IN 35419 3776 14 seed seed NN 35419 3776 15 and and CC 35419 3776 16 consequently consequently RB 35419 3776 17 of of IN 35419 3776 18 new new JJ 35419 3776 19 trees tree NNS 35419 3776 20 . . . 35419 3777 1 The the DT 35419 3777 2 acorns acorn NNS 35419 3777 3 of of IN 35419 3777 4 white white JJ 35419 3777 5 oak oak NNP 35419 3777 6 are be VBP 35419 3777 7 particularly particularly RB 35419 3777 8 liable liable JJ 35419 3777 9 to to TO 35419 3777 10 be be VB 35419 3777 11 devoured devour VBN 35419 3777 12 because because IN 35419 3777 13 of of IN 35419 3777 14 their -PRON- PRP$ 35419 3777 15 sweetness sweetness NN 35419 3777 16 , , , 35419 3777 17 while while IN 35419 3777 18 those those DT 35419 3777 19 of of IN 35419 3777 20 red red JJ 35419 3777 21 and and CC 35419 3777 22 black black JJ 35419 3777 23 oak oak NN 35419 3777 24 , , , 35419 3777 25 which which WDT 35419 3777 26 afford afford VBP 35419 3777 27 timber timber NN 35419 3777 28 of of IN 35419 3777 29 comparatively comparatively RB 35419 3777 30 little little JJ 35419 3777 31 value value NN 35419 3777 32 , , , 35419 3777 33 are be VBP 35419 3777 34 allowed allow VBN 35419 3777 35 to to TO 35419 3777 36 sprout sprout VB 35419 3777 37 , , , 35419 3777 38 and and CC 35419 3777 39 thus thus RB 35419 3777 40 come come VB 35419 3777 41 to to TO 35419 3777 42 possess possess VB 35419 3777 43 the the DT 35419 3777 44 land land NN 35419 3777 45 . . . 35419 3778 1 Hogs hog NNS 35419 3778 2 annually annually RB 35419 3778 3 consume consume VBP 35419 3778 4 enormous enormous JJ 35419 3778 5 quantities quantity NNS 35419 3778 6 of of IN 35419 3778 7 " " `` 35419 3778 8 mast mast JJ 35419 3778 9 , , , 35419 3778 10 " " '' 35419 3778 11 _ _ NNP 35419 3778 12 i.e. i.e. FW 35419 3778 13 _ _ NNP 35419 3778 14 , , , 35419 3778 15 acorns acorn NNS 35419 3778 16 or or CC 35419 3778 17 other other JJ 35419 3778 18 nuts nut NNS 35419 3778 19 , , , 35419 3778 20 by by IN 35419 3778 21 pasturing pasture VBG 35419 3778 22 in in IN 35419 3778 23 oak oak NN 35419 3778 24 and and CC 35419 3778 25 other other JJ 35419 3778 26 forests forest NNS 35419 3778 27 . . . 35419 3779 1 They -PRON- PRP 35419 3779 2 , , , 35419 3779 3 together together RB 35419 3779 4 with with IN 35419 3779 5 goats goat NNS 35419 3779 6 and and CC 35419 3779 7 sheep sheep NNS 35419 3779 8 , , , 35419 3779 9 Figs fig NNS 35419 3779 10 . . . 35419 3780 1 87 87 CD 35419 3780 2 and and CC 35419 3780 3 88 88 CD 35419 3780 4 , , , 35419 3780 5 deer deer NN 35419 3780 6 and and CC 35419 3780 7 cattle cattle NNS 35419 3780 8 , , , 35419 3780 9 work work NN 35419 3780 10 harm harm NN 35419 3780 11 by by IN 35419 3780 12 trampling trample VBG 35419 3780 13 and and CC 35419 3780 14 browsing browsing NN 35419 3780 15 . . . 35419 3781 1 Browsing browsing NN 35419 3781 2 destroys destroy VBZ 35419 3781 3 the the DT 35419 3781 4 tender tender NN 35419 3781 5 shoots shoot NNS 35419 3781 6 , , , 35419 3781 7 especially especially RB 35419 3781 8 of of IN 35419 3781 9 deciduous deciduous JJ 35419 3781 10 trees tree NNS 35419 3781 11 , , , 35419 3781 12 but but CC 35419 3781 13 trampling trample VBG 35419 3781 14 entirely entirely RB 35419 3781 15 kills kill VBZ 35419 3781 16 out out RP 35419 3781 17 the the DT 35419 3781 18 seedlings seedling NNS 35419 3781 19 . . . 35419 3782 1 The the DT 35419 3782 2 cutting cutting NN 35419 3782 3 up up RP 35419 3782 4 of of IN 35419 3782 5 the the DT 35419 3782 6 soil soil NN 35419 3782 7 by by IN 35419 3782 8 the the DT 35419 3782 9 sharp sharp JJ 35419 3782 10 cleft cleft JJ 35419 3782 11 hoofs hoofs NN 35419 3782 12 injures injure VBZ 35419 3782 13 the the DT 35419 3782 14 forest forest NN 35419 3782 15 floor floor NN 35419 3782 16 , , , 35419 3782 17 by by IN 35419 3782 18 pulverizing pulverize VBG 35419 3782 19 it -PRON- PRP 35419 3782 20 and and CC 35419 3782 21 allowing allow VBG 35419 3782 22 it -PRON- PRP 35419 3782 23 to to TO 35419 3782 24 be be VB 35419 3782 25 readily readily RB 35419 3782 26 washed wash VBN 35419 3782 27 away away RP 35419 3782 28 by by IN 35419 3782 29 storms storm NNS 35419 3782 30 until until IN 35419 3782 31 deforestation deforestation NN 35419 3782 32 may may MD 35419 3782 33 result result VB 35419 3782 34 , , , 35419 3782 35 as as IN 35419 3782 36 was be VBD 35419 3782 37 the the DT 35419 3782 38 case case NN 35419 3782 39 in in IN 35419 3782 40 France France NNP 35419 3782 41 after after IN 35419 3782 42 the the DT 35419 3782 43 Revolution Revolution NNP 35419 3782 44 . . . 35419 3783 1 It -PRON- PRP 35419 3783 2 has have VBZ 35419 3783 3 cost cost VBN 35419 3783 4 the the DT 35419 3783 5 French french JJ 35419 3783 6 people people NNS 35419 3783 7 from from IN 35419 3783 8 thirty thirty CD 35419 3783 9 to to TO 35419 3783 10 forty forty CD 35419 3783 11 million million CD 35419 3783 12 dollars dollar NNS 35419 3783 13 to to TO 35419 3783 14 repair repair VB 35419 3783 15 the the DT 35419 3783 16 damage damage NN 35419 3783 17 begun begin VBN 35419 3783 18 by by IN 35419 3783 19 the the DT 35419 3783 20 sheep sheep NN 35419 3783 21 . . . 35419 3784 1 In in IN 35419 3784 2 this this DT 35419 3784 3 country country NN 35419 3784 4 , , , 35419 3784 5 this this DT 35419 3784 6 matter matter NN 35419 3784 7 has have VBZ 35419 3784 8 become become VBN 35419 3784 9 a a DT 35419 3784 10 very very RB 35419 3784 11 serious serious JJ 35419 3784 12 one one NN 35419 3784 13 on on IN 35419 3784 14 the the DT 35419 3784 15 Pacific Pacific NNP 35419 3784 16 Coast Coast NNP 35419 3784 17 , , , 35419 3784 18 where where WRB 35419 3784 19 there there EX 35419 3784 20 are be VBP 35419 3784 21 enormous enormous JJ 35419 3784 22 flocks flock NNS 35419 3784 23 of of IN 35419 3784 24 sheep sheep NNS 35419 3784 25 , , , 35419 3784 26 and and CC 35419 3784 27 therefore therefore RB 35419 3784 28 the the DT 35419 3784 29 government government NN 35419 3784 30 is be VBZ 35419 3784 31 trying try VBG 35419 3784 32 to to TO 35419 3784 33 regulate regulate VB 35419 3784 34 the the DT 35419 3784 35 grazing grazing NN 35419 3784 36 on on IN 35419 3784 37 public public JJ 35419 3784 38 lands land NNS 35419 3784 39 there there RB 35419 3784 40 , , , 35419 3784 41 especially especially RB 35419 3784 42 on on IN 35419 3784 43 steep steep JJ 35419 3784 44 slopes slope NNS 35419 3784 45 , , , 35419 3784 46 where where WRB 35419 3784 47 erosion erosion NN 35419 3784 48 takes take VBZ 35419 3784 49 place place NN 35419 3784 50 rapidly rapidly RB 35419 3784 51 . . . 35419 3785 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 3785 2 1 1 CD 35419 3785 3 ] ] -RRB- 35419 3785 4 [ [ -LRB- 35419 3785 5 Footnote footnote NN 35419 3785 6 1 1 CD 35419 3785 7 : : : 35419 3785 8 The the DT 35419 3785 9 evils evil NNS 35419 3785 10 of of IN 35419 3785 11 grazing grazing NN 35419 3785 12 are be VBP 35419 3785 13 increased increase VBN 35419 3785 14 by by IN 35419 3785 15 the the DT 35419 3785 16 fact fact NN 35419 3785 17 that that IN 35419 3785 18 fires fire NNS 35419 3785 19 are be VBP 35419 3785 20 sometimes sometimes RB 35419 3785 21 started start VBN 35419 3785 22 intentionally intentionally RB 35419 3785 23 in in IN 35419 3785 24 order order NN 35419 3785 25 to to TO 35419 3785 26 increase increase VB 35419 3785 27 the the DT 35419 3785 28 area area NN 35419 3785 29 of of IN 35419 3785 30 grazing graze VBG 35419 3785 31 land land NN 35419 3785 32 . . . 35419 3785 33 ] ] -RRB- 35419 3786 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 3786 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 3786 3 : : : 35419 3786 4 Fig Fig NNP 35419 3786 5 . . . 35419 3787 1 87 87 CD 35419 3787 2 . . . 35419 3788 1 Goats Goats NNP 35419 3788 2 Eating Eating NNP 35419 3788 3 Foliage Foliage NNP 35419 3788 4 , , , 35419 3788 5 New New NNP 35419 3788 6 Mexico Mexico NNP 35419 3788 7 . . . 35419 3789 1 _ _ NNP 35419 3789 2 U.S. U.S. NNP 35419 3790 1 Forest Forest NNP 35419 3790 2 Service Service NNP 35419 3790 3 . . . 35419 3790 4 _ _ NNP 35419 3790 5 ] ] -RRB- 35419 3790 6 [ [ -LRB- 35419 3790 7 Illustration illustration NN 35419 3790 8 : : : 35419 3790 9 Fig Fig NNP 35419 3790 10 . . . 35419 3791 1 88 88 CD 35419 3791 2 . . . 35419 3792 1 Sheep Sheep NNS 35419 3792 2 Grazing Grazing NNP 35419 3792 3 in in IN 35419 3792 4 Forest Forest NNP 35419 3792 5 , , , 35419 3792 6 Idaho Idaho NNP 35419 3792 7 . . . 35419 3793 1 _ _ NNP 35419 3793 2 U.S. U.S. NNP 35419 3794 1 Forest Forest NNP 35419 3794 2 Service Service NNP 35419 3794 3 . . . 35419 3794 4 _ _ NNP 35419 3794 5 ] ] -RRB- 35419 3794 6 The the DT 35419 3794 7 most most RBS 35419 3794 8 destructive destructive JJ 35419 3794 9 animal animal NN 35419 3794 10 enemies enemy NNS 35419 3794 11 of of IN 35419 3794 12 the the DT 35419 3794 13 forest forest NN 35419 3794 14 are be VBP 35419 3794 15 the the DT 35419 3794 16 insects insect NNS 35419 3794 17 . . . 35419 3795 1 The the DT 35419 3795 2 average average JJ 35419 3795 3 annual annual JJ 35419 3795 4 loss loss NN 35419 3795 5 of of IN 35419 3795 6 trees tree NNS 35419 3795 7 in in IN 35419 3795 8 the the DT 35419 3795 9 United United NNP 35419 3795 10 States States NNP 35419 3795 11 from from IN 35419 3795 12 this this DT 35419 3795 13 cause cause NN 35419 3795 14 alone alone RB 35419 3795 15 has have VBZ 35419 3795 16 been be VBN 35419 3795 17 estimated estimate VBN 35419 3795 18 to to TO 35419 3795 19 be be VB 35419 3795 20 one one CD 35419 3795 21 hundred hundred CD 35419 3795 22 million million CD 35419 3795 23 dollars dollar NNS 35419 3795 24 . . . 35419 3796 1 Insects insect NNS 35419 3796 2 have have VBP 35419 3796 3 two two CD 35419 3796 4 objects object NNS 35419 3796 5 in in IN 35419 3796 6 their -PRON- PRP$ 35419 3796 7 attack attack NN 35419 3796 8 on on IN 35419 3796 9 trees tree NNS 35419 3796 10 , , , 35419 3796 11 one one CD 35419 3796 12 is be VBZ 35419 3796 13 to to TO 35419 3796 14 obtain obtain VB 35419 3796 15 food food NN 35419 3796 16 , , , 35419 3796 17 as as IN 35419 3796 18 when when WRB 35419 3796 19 they -PRON- PRP 35419 3796 20 are be VBP 35419 3796 21 in in IN 35419 3796 22 the the DT 35419 3796 23 larval larval JJ 35419 3796 24 stage stage NN 35419 3796 25 , , , 35419 3796 26 and and CC 35419 3796 27 the the DT 35419 3796 28 other other JJ 35419 3796 29 is be VBZ 35419 3796 30 to to TO 35419 3796 31 provide provide VB 35419 3796 32 for for IN 35419 3796 33 offspring offspring NN 35419 3796 34 , , , 35419 3796 35 as as IN 35419 3796 36 do do VBP 35419 3796 37 certain certain JJ 35419 3796 38 beetles beetle NNS 35419 3796 39 . . . 35419 3797 1 The the DT 35419 3797 2 number number NN 35419 3797 3 of of IN 35419 3797 4 insect insect JJ 35419 3797 5 enemies enemy NNS 35419 3797 6 of of IN 35419 3797 7 the the DT 35419 3797 8 forest forest NN 35419 3797 9 is be VBZ 35419 3797 10 enormous enormous JJ 35419 3797 11 . . . 35419 3798 1 At at IN 35419 3798 2 the the DT 35419 3798 3 St. St. NNP 35419 3798 4 Louis Louis NNP 35419 3798 5 Exposition Exposition NNP 35419 3798 6 , , , 35419 3798 7 there there EX 35419 3798 8 were be VBD 35419 3798 9 on on IN 35419 3798 10 exhibit exhibit NN 35419 3798 11 nearly nearly RB 35419 3798 12 three three CD 35419 3798 13 hundred hundred CD 35419 3798 14 such such JJ 35419 3798 15 insects insect NNS 35419 3798 16 . . . 35419 3799 1 These these DT 35419 3799 2 belong belong VBP 35419 3799 3 to to IN 35419 3799 4 some some DT 35419 3799 5 twenty twenty CD 35419 3799 6 orders order NNS 35419 3799 7 , , , 35419 3799 8 of of IN 35419 3799 9 which which WDT 35419 3799 10 the the DT 35419 3799 11 beetles beetle NNS 35419 3799 12 ( ( -LRB- 35419 3799 13 _ _ NNP 35419 3799 14 Coleoptera Coleoptera NNP 35419 3799 15 _ _ NNP 35419 3799 16 ) ) -RRB- 35419 3799 17 , , , 35419 3799 18 which which WDT 35419 3799 19 have have VBP 35419 3799 20 horny horny VBN 35419 3799 21 wings wing NNS 35419 3799 22 and and CC 35419 3799 23 biting bite VBG 35419 3799 24 mouth mouth NN 35419 3799 25 parts part NNS 35419 3799 26 , , , 35419 3799 27 and and CC 35419 3799 28 the the DT 35419 3799 29 moths moth NNS 35419 3799 30 and and CC 35419 3799 31 butterflies butterfly NNS 35419 3799 32 ( ( -LRB- 35419 3799 33 _ _ NNP 35419 3799 34 Lepidoptera Lepidoptera NNP 35419 3799 35 _ _ NNP 35419 3799 36 ) ) -RRB- 35419 3799 37 , , , 35419 3799 38 with with IN 35419 3799 39 membraneous membraneous JJ 35419 3799 40 wings wing NNS 35419 3799 41 and and CC 35419 3799 42 sucking suck VBG 35419 3799 43 mouth mouth NN 35419 3799 44 parts part NNS 35419 3799 45 , , , 35419 3799 46 are be VBP 35419 3799 47 the the DT 35419 3799 48 most most RBS 35419 3799 49 destructive destructive JJ 35419 3799 50 . . . 35419 3800 1 Insects insect NNS 35419 3800 2 attack attack VBP 35419 3800 3 every every DT 35419 3800 4 part part NN 35419 3800 5 of of IN 35419 3800 6 the the DT 35419 3800 7 tree tree NN 35419 3800 8 , , , 35419 3800 9 the the DT 35419 3800 10 seed seed NN 35419 3800 11 , , , 35419 3800 12 the the DT 35419 3800 13 shoot shoot NN 35419 3800 14 , , , 35419 3800 15 the the DT 35419 3800 16 flower flower NN 35419 3800 17 , , , 35419 3800 18 the the DT 35419 3800 19 root root NN 35419 3800 20 , , , 35419 3800 21 the the DT 35419 3800 22 leaf leaf NN 35419 3800 23 , , , 35419 3800 24 the the DT 35419 3800 25 bark bark NN 35419 3800 26 and and CC 35419 3800 27 the the DT 35419 3800 28 wood wood NN 35419 3800 29 , , , 35419 3800 30 both both DT 35419 3800 31 standing standing NN 35419 3800 32 and and CC 35419 3800 33 cut cut NN 35419 3800 34 . . . 35419 3801 1 Of of IN 35419 3801 2 the the DT 35419 3801 3 fruit fruit NN 35419 3801 4 and and CC 35419 3801 5 seed seed NN 35419 3801 6 pests pest NNS 35419 3801 7 , , , 35419 3801 8 the the DT 35419 3801 9 most most RBS 35419 3801 10 destructive destructive JJ 35419 3801 11 are be VBP 35419 3801 12 weevils weevil NNS 35419 3801 13 , , , 35419 3801 14 worms worm NNS 35419 3801 15 and and CC 35419 3801 16 gall gall NN 35419 3801 17 insects insect NNS 35419 3801 18 . . . 35419 3802 1 Of of IN 35419 3802 2 the the DT 35419 3802 3 twig twig NN 35419 3802 4 and and CC 35419 3802 5 shoot shoot NN 35419 3802 6 pests pest NNS 35419 3802 7 , , , 35419 3802 8 beetles beetle NNS 35419 3802 9 , , , 35419 3802 10 weevils weevil NNS 35419 3802 11 and and CC 35419 3802 12 caterpillars caterpillar NNS 35419 3802 13 are be VBP 35419 3802 14 the the DT 35419 3802 15 worst bad JJS 35419 3802 16 . . . 35419 3803 1 Among among IN 35419 3803 2 insects insect NNS 35419 3803 3 that that WDT 35419 3803 4 attack attack VBP 35419 3803 5 roots root NNS 35419 3803 6 , , , 35419 3803 7 the the DT 35419 3803 8 periodical periodical JJ 35419 3803 9 cicada cicada NNP 35419 3803 10 ( ( -LRB- 35419 3803 11 17 17 CD 35419 3803 12 year year NN 35419 3803 13 old old JJ 35419 3803 14 locust locust NN 35419 3803 15 ) ) -RRB- 35419 3803 16 may may MD 35419 3803 17 be be VB 35419 3803 18 noted note VBN 35419 3803 19 . . . 35419 3804 1 The the DT 35419 3804 2 leaf leaf NN 35419 3804 3 pests pest NNS 35419 3804 4 are be VBP 35419 3804 5 far far RB 35419 3804 6 more more RBR 35419 3804 7 serious serious JJ 35419 3804 8 . . . 35419 3805 1 They -PRON- PRP 35419 3805 2 include include VBP 35419 3805 3 the the DT 35419 3805 4 true true JJ 35419 3805 5 and and CC 35419 3805 6 false false JJ 35419 3805 7 caterpillars caterpillar NNS 35419 3805 8 , , , 35419 3805 9 moths moth NNS 35419 3805 10 , , , 35419 3805 11 gall gall NN 35419 3805 12 insects insect NNS 35419 3805 13 and and CC 35419 3805 14 plant plant NN 35419 3805 15 lice lice NN 35419 3805 16 . . . 35419 3806 1 Of of IN 35419 3806 2 the the DT 35419 3806 3 bark bark NN 35419 3806 4 pests pest NNS 35419 3806 5 , , , 35419 3806 6 the the DT 35419 3806 7 bark bark NN 35419 3806 8 beetles beetle NNS 35419 3806 9 are be VBP 35419 3806 10 the the DT 35419 3806 11 most most RBS 35419 3806 12 destructive destructive JJ 35419 3806 13 . . . 35419 3807 1 These these DT 35419 3807 2 are be VBP 35419 3807 3 also also RB 35419 3807 4 called call VBN 35419 3807 5 Engraver Engraver NNP 35419 3807 6 Beetles Beetles NNP 35419 3807 7 from from IN 35419 3807 8 the the DT 35419 3807 9 smoothly smoothly RB 35419 3807 10 cut cut VBN 35419 3807 11 figures figure NNS 35419 3807 12 which which WDT 35419 3807 13 are be VBP 35419 3807 14 their -PRON- PRP$ 35419 3807 15 burrows burrow NNS 35419 3807 16 under under IN 35419 3807 17 the the DT 35419 3807 18 bark bark NN 35419 3807 19 , , , 35419 3807 20 Figs fig NNS 35419 3807 21 . . . 35419 3808 1 89 89 CD 35419 3808 2 , , , 35419 3808 3 90 90 CD 35419 3808 4 , , , 35419 3808 5 91 91 CD 35419 3808 6 . . . 35419 3809 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 3809 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 3809 3 : : : 35419 3809 4 Fig Fig NNP 35419 3809 5 . . . 35419 3810 1 89 89 CD 35419 3810 2 . . . 35419 3811 1 Work work NN 35419 3811 2 of of IN 35419 3811 3 the the DT 35419 3811 4 Spruce Spruce NNP 35419 3811 5 Destroying Destroying NNP 35419 3811 6 Beetle Beetle NNP 35419 3811 7 : : : 35419 3811 8 _ _ NNP 35419 3811 9 a. a. NN 35419 3811 10 _ _ NNP 35419 3811 11 Primary Primary NNP 35419 3811 12 gallery gallery NN 35419 3811 13 ; ; : 35419 3811 14 _ _ NNP 35419 3811 15 b. b. NN 35419 3811 16 _ _ NNP 35419 3811 17 Borings Borings NNP 35419 3811 18 packed pack VBN 35419 3811 19 in in IN 35419 3811 20 side side NN 35419 3811 21 ; ; : 35419 3811 22 _ _ NNP 35419 3811 23 c. c. NN 35419 3811 24 _ _ NNP 35419 3811 25 Entrance Entrance NNP 35419 3811 26 and and CC 35419 3811 27 central central JJ 35419 3811 28 burrow burrow NN 35419 3811 29 thru thru IN 35419 3811 30 the the DT 35419 3811 31 packed packed JJ 35419 3811 32 borings boring NNS 35419 3811 33 ; ; : 35419 3811 34 _ _ NNP 35419 3811 35 d. d. NNP 35419 3811 36 _ _ NNP 35419 3811 37 Larval Larval NNP 35419 3811 38 mines mine NNS 35419 3811 39 . . . 35419 3812 1 Note note VB 35419 3812 2 how how WRB 35419 3812 3 the the DT 35419 3812 4 eggs egg NNS 35419 3812 5 are be VBP 35419 3812 6 grouped group VBN 35419 3812 7 on on IN 35419 3812 8 the the DT 35419 3812 9 sides side NNS 35419 3812 10 . . . 35419 3813 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 3813 2 _ _ NNP 35419 3813 3 Agric Agric NNP 35419 3813 4 . . . 35419 3814 1 Year Year NNP 35419 3814 2 Book Book NNP 35419 3814 3 _ _ NNP 35419 3814 4 , , , 35419 3814 5 1902 1902 CD 35419 3814 6 , , , 35419 3814 7 Fig Fig NNP 35419 3814 8 . . . 35419 3815 1 24 24 CD 35419 3815 2 , , , 35419 3815 3 p. p. NN 35419 3816 1 268 268 CD 35419 3816 2 . . . 35419 3816 3 ] ] -RRB- 35419 3816 4 ] ] -RRB- 35419 3817 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 3817 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 3817 3 : : : 35419 3817 4 Fig Fig NNP 35419 3817 5 . . . 35419 3818 1 90 90 CD 35419 3818 2 . . . 35419 3819 1 Complete complete JJ 35419 3819 2 brood brood NN 35419 3819 3 Galleries Galleries NNPS 35419 3819 4 of of IN 35419 3819 5 the the DT 35419 3819 6 Hickory Hickory NNP 35419 3819 7 Bark Bark NNP 35419 3819 8 Beetle Beetle NNP 35419 3819 9 in in IN 35419 3819 10 Surface Surface NNP 35419 3819 11 of of IN 35419 3819 12 Wood Wood NNP 35419 3819 13 . . . 35419 3820 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 3820 2 _ _ NNP 35419 3820 3 Agric Agric NNP 35419 3820 4 . . . 35419 3821 1 Year Year NNP 35419 3821 2 Book Book NNP 35419 3821 3 _ _ NNP 35419 3821 4 , , , 35419 3821 5 1903 1903 CD 35419 3821 6 , , , 35419 3821 7 Fig Fig NNP 35419 3821 8 . . . 35419 3822 1 28 28 CD 35419 3822 2 , , , 35419 3822 3 p. p. NN 35419 3823 1 316 316 CD 35419 3823 2 . . . 35419 3823 3 ] ] -RRB- 35419 3823 4 ] ] -RRB- 35419 3824 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 3824 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 3824 3 : : : 35419 3824 4 Fig Fig NNP 35419 3824 5 . . . 35419 3825 1 91 91 CD 35419 3825 2 . . . 35419 3826 1 Brood Brood NNP 35419 3826 2 Galleries Galleries NNPS 35419 3826 3 of of IN 35419 3826 4 the the DT 35419 3826 5 Oak Oak NNP 35419 3826 6 Bark Bark NNP 35419 3826 7 Beetle Beetle NNP 35419 3826 8 , , , 35419 3826 9 showing show VBG 35419 3826 10 Character Character NNP 35419 3826 11 of of IN 35419 3826 12 Primary Primary NNP 35419 3826 13 Gallery Gallery NNP 35419 3826 14 at at IN 35419 3826 15 _ _ NNP 35419 3826 16 b b NNP 35419 3826 17 _ _ NNP 35419 3826 18 ; ; : 35419 3826 19 Larval Larval NNP 35419 3826 20 or or CC 35419 3826 21 Brood Brood NNP 35419 3826 22 Mines Mines NNPS 35419 3826 23 at at IN 35419 3826 24 _ _ NNP 35419 3826 25 a. a. NN 35419 3826 26 _ _ NNP 35419 3826 27 [ [ -LRB- 35419 3826 28 _ _ NNP 35419 3826 29 Agric Agric NNP 35419 3826 30 . . . 35419 3827 1 Year Year NNP 35419 3827 2 Book Book NNP 35419 3827 3 _ _ NNP 35419 3827 4 , , , 35419 3827 5 1903 1903 CD 35419 3827 6 , , , 35419 3827 7 Fig Fig NNP 35419 3827 8 . . . 35419 3828 1 30 30 CD 35419 3828 2 , , , 35419 3828 3 page page NN 35419 3828 4 318 318 CD 35419 3828 5 . . . 35419 3828 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 3828 7 ] ] -RRB- 35419 3829 1 Many many JJ 35419 3829 2 pairs pair NNS 35419 3829 3 of of IN 35419 3829 4 beetles beetle NNS 35419 3829 5 make make VBP 35419 3829 6 a a DT 35419 3829 7 simultaneous simultaneous JJ 35419 3829 8 attack attack NN 35419 3829 9 on on IN 35419 3829 10 the the DT 35419 3829 11 lower low JJR 35419 3829 12 half half NN 35419 3829 13 of of IN 35419 3829 14 the the DT 35419 3829 15 main main JJ 35419 3829 16 trunk trunk NN 35419 3829 17 of of IN 35419 3829 18 medium medium NN 35419 3829 19 - - HYPH 35419 3829 20 sized sized JJ 35419 3829 21 to to IN 35419 3829 22 large large JJ 35419 3829 23 trees tree NNS 35419 3829 24 . . . 35419 3830 1 They -PRON- PRP 35419 3830 2 bore bear VBD 35419 3830 3 thru thru IN 35419 3830 4 the the DT 35419 3830 5 outer outer JJ 35419 3830 6 bark bark NN 35419 3830 7 to to IN 35419 3830 8 the the DT 35419 3830 9 inner inner JJ 35419 3830 10 living living NN 35419 3830 11 portion portion NN 35419 3830 12 , , , 35419 3830 13 and and CC 35419 3830 14 thru thru IN 35419 3830 15 the the DT 35419 3830 16 inner inner JJ 35419 3830 17 layers layer NNS 35419 3830 18 of of IN 35419 3830 19 the the DT 35419 3830 20 latter latter JJ 35419 3830 21 ; ; : 35419 3830 22 they -PRON- PRP 35419 3830 23 excavate excavate VBP 35419 3830 24 long long JJ 35419 3830 25 , , , 35419 3830 26 irregular irregular JJ 35419 3830 27 , , , 35419 3830 28 longitudinal longitudinal JJ 35419 3830 29 galleries gallery NNS 35419 3830 30 , , , 35419 3830 31 and and CC 35419 3830 32 along along IN 35419 3830 33 the the DT 35419 3830 34 sides side NNS 35419 3830 35 of of IN 35419 3830 36 these these DT 35419 3830 37 at at IN 35419 3830 38 irregular irregular JJ 35419 3830 39 intervals interval NNS 35419 3830 40 , , , 35419 3830 41 numerous numerous JJ 35419 3830 42 eggs egg NNS 35419 3830 43 are be VBP 35419 3830 44 closely closely RB 35419 3830 45 placed place VBN 35419 3830 46 . . . 35419 3831 1 The the DT 35419 3831 2 eggs egg NNS 35419 3831 3 soon soon RB 35419 3831 4 hatch hatch NN 35419 3831 5 and and CC 35419 3831 6 the the DT 35419 3831 7 larvae larvae NN 35419 3831 8 at at IN 35419 3831 9 once once RB 35419 3831 10 commence commence NN 35419 3831 11 to to TO 35419 3831 12 feed feed VB 35419 3831 13 on on IN 35419 3831 14 the the DT 35419 3831 15 inner inner JJ 35419 3831 16 bark bark NN 35419 3831 17 , , , 35419 3831 18 and and CC 35419 3831 19 as as IN 35419 3831 20 they -PRON- PRP 35419 3831 21 increase increase VBP 35419 3831 22 in in IN 35419 3831 23 size size NN 35419 3831 24 , , , 35419 3831 25 extend extend VB 35419 3831 26 and and CC 35419 3831 27 enlarge enlarge VB 35419 3831 28 their -PRON- PRP$ 35419 3831 29 food food NN 35419 3831 30 burrows burrow NNS 35419 3831 31 in in IN 35419 3831 32 a a DT 35419 3831 33 general general JJ 35419 3831 34 transverse transverse NN 35419 3831 35 but but CC 35419 3831 36 irregular irregular JJ 35419 3831 37 course course NN 35419 3831 38 , , , 35419 3831 39 away away RB 35419 3831 40 from from IN 35419 3831 41 the the DT 35419 3831 42 mother mother NN 35419 3831 43 galleries gallery NNS 35419 3831 44 ( ( -LRB- 35419 3831 45 see see VB 35419 3831 46 illustration illustration NN 35419 3831 47 ) ) -RRB- 35419 3831 48 . . . 35419 3832 1 When when WRB 35419 3832 2 these these DT 35419 3832 3 young young JJ 35419 3832 4 and and CC 35419 3832 5 larval larval JJ 35419 3832 6 forms form NNS 35419 3832 7 are be VBP 35419 3832 8 full full JJ 35419 3832 9 grown grow VBN 35419 3832 10 , , , 35419 3832 11 each each DT 35419 3832 12 excavates excavate VBZ 35419 3832 13 a a DT 35419 3832 14 cavity cavity NN 35419 3832 15 or or CC 35419 3832 16 cell cell NN 35419 3832 17 at at IN 35419 3832 18 the the DT 35419 3832 19 end end NN 35419 3832 20 of of IN 35419 3832 21 its -PRON- PRP$ 35419 3832 22 burrow burrow NN 35419 3832 23 and and CC 35419 3832 24 next next RB 35419 3832 25 to to IN 35419 3832 26 the the DT 35419 3832 27 outer outer JJ 35419 3832 28 corky corky NNP 35419 3832 29 bark bark NN 35419 3832 30 . . . 35419 3833 1 ( ( -LRB- 35419 3833 2 Hopkins Hopkins NNP 35419 3833 3 , , , 35419 3833 4 _ _ NNP 35419 3833 5 Agric Agric NNP 35419 3833 6 . . . 35419 3834 1 Yr yr UH 35419 3834 2 . . . 35419 3834 3 Bk Bk NNP 35419 3834 4 . . . 35419 3834 5 _ _ NNP 35419 3834 6 , , , 35419 3834 7 1902 1902 CD 35419 3834 8 . . . 35419 3834 9 ) ) -RRB- 35419 3835 1 Some some DT 35419 3835 2 of of IN 35419 3835 3 the the DT 35419 3835 4 species species NN 35419 3835 5 attack attack NN 35419 3835 6 living living NN 35419 3835 7 trees tree NNS 35419 3835 8 , , , 35419 3835 9 causing cause VBG 35419 3835 10 their -PRON- PRP$ 35419 3835 11 rapid rapid JJ 35419 3835 12 death death NN 35419 3835 13 , , , 35419 3835 14 and and CC 35419 3835 15 are be VBP 35419 3835 16 among among IN 35419 3835 17 the the DT 35419 3835 18 most most RBS 35419 3835 19 destructive destructive JJ 35419 3835 20 enemies enemy NNS 35419 3835 21 of of IN 35419 3835 22 American american JJ 35419 3835 23 forests forest NNS 35419 3835 24 . . . 35419 3836 1 All all DT 35419 3836 2 of of IN 35419 3836 3 the the DT 35419 3836 4 above above RB 35419 3836 5 indirectly indirectly RB 35419 3836 6 affect affect VBP 35419 3836 7 both both CC 35419 3836 8 the the DT 35419 3836 9 quantity quantity NN 35419 3836 10 and and CC 35419 3836 11 quality quality NN 35419 3836 12 of of IN 35419 3836 13 the the DT 35419 3836 14 wood wood NN 35419 3836 15 supply supply NN 35419 3836 16 . . . 35419 3837 1 They -PRON- PRP 35419 3837 2 can can MD 35419 3837 3 be be VB 35419 3837 4 studied study VBN 35419 3837 5 more more RBR 35419 3837 6 in in IN 35419 3837 7 detail detail NN 35419 3837 8 in in IN 35419 3837 9 the the DT 35419 3837 10 publications publication NNS 35419 3837 11 of of IN 35419 3837 12 the the DT 35419 3837 13 U.S. U.S. NNP 35419 3837 14 Bureau Bureau NNP 35419 3837 15 of of IN 35419 3837 16 Entomology Entomology NNP 35419 3837 17 . . . 35419 3838 1 Of of IN 35419 3838 2 the the DT 35419 3838 3 insects insect NNS 35419 3838 4 directly directly RB 35419 3838 5 attacking attack VBG 35419 3838 6 wood wood NN 35419 3838 7 , , , 35419 3838 8 the the DT 35419 3838 9 most most RBS 35419 3838 10 important important JJ 35419 3838 11 are be VBP 35419 3838 12 the the DT 35419 3838 13 ambrosia ambrosia NN 35419 3838 14 or or CC 35419 3838 15 timber timber NN 35419 3838 16 beetles beetle NNS 35419 3838 17 , , , 35419 3838 18 the the DT 35419 3838 19 borers borer NNS 35419 3838 20 , , , 35419 3838 21 the the DT 35419 3838 22 ants ant NNS 35419 3838 23 , , , 35419 3838 24 and and CC 35419 3838 25 the the DT 35419 3838 26 carpenter carpenter NN 35419 3838 27 bees bee NNS 35419 3838 28 . . . 35419 3839 1 The the DT 35419 3839 2 most most RBS 35419 3839 3 remarkable remarkable JJ 35419 3839 4 feature feature NN 35419 3839 5 of of IN 35419 3839 6 the the DT 35419 3839 7 beetle beetle NN 35419 3839 8 is be VBZ 35419 3839 9 the the DT 35419 3839 10 manner manner NN 35419 3839 11 of of IN 35419 3839 12 its -PRON- PRP$ 35419 3839 13 boring boring NN 35419 3839 14 into into IN 35419 3839 15 the the DT 35419 3839 16 harder hard JJR 35419 3839 17 parts part NNS 35419 3839 18 of of IN 35419 3839 19 the the DT 35419 3839 20 wood wood NN 35419 3839 21 . . . 35419 3840 1 Its -PRON- PRP$ 35419 3840 2 jaws jaw NNS 35419 3840 3 are be VBP 35419 3840 4 particularly particularly RB 35419 3840 5 constructed construct VBN 35419 3840 6 for for IN 35419 3840 7 this this DT 35419 3840 8 work work NN 35419 3840 9 , , , 35419 3840 10 being be VBG 35419 3840 11 heavy heavy JJ 35419 3840 12 and and CC 35419 3840 13 strong strong JJ 35419 3840 14 . . . 35419 3841 1 The the DT 35419 3841 2 boring boring NN 35419 3841 3 is be VBZ 35419 3841 4 done do VBN 35419 3841 5 something something NN 35419 3841 6 after after IN 35419 3841 7 the the DT 35419 3841 8 manner manner NN 35419 3841 9 of of IN 35419 3841 10 countersinking countersinking NN 35419 3841 11 , , , 35419 3841 12 and and CC 35419 3841 13 the the DT 35419 3841 14 jaws jaw NNS 35419 3841 15 are be VBP 35419 3841 16 believed believe VBN 35419 3841 17 to to TO 35419 3841 18 be be VB 35419 3841 19 self self NN 35419 3841 20 - - HYPH 35419 3841 21 sharpening sharpen VBG 35419 3841 22 , , , 35419 3841 23 by by IN 35419 3841 24 reason reason NN 35419 3841 25 of of IN 35419 3841 26 the the DT 35419 3841 27 peculiar peculiar JJ 35419 3841 28 right right NN 35419 3841 29 to to IN 35419 3841 30 left leave VBD 35419 3841 31 and and CC 35419 3841 32 left leave VBD 35419 3841 33 to to IN 35419 3841 34 right right JJ 35419 3841 35 motion motion NN 35419 3841 36 . . . 35419 3842 1 _ _ NNP 35419 3842 2 Ambrosia Ambrosia NNP 35419 3842 3 _ _ NNP 35419 3842 4 or or CC 35419 3842 5 _ _ NNP 35419 3842 6 timber timber NN 35419 3842 7 beetles beetle NNS 35419 3842 8 _ _ NNP 35419 3842 9 , , , 35419 3842 10 Fig Fig NNP 35419 3842 11 . . . 35419 3843 1 92 92 CD 35419 3843 2 . . . 35419 3844 1 This this DT 35419 3844 2 class class NN 35419 3844 3 of of IN 35419 3844 4 insects insect NNS 35419 3844 5 attacks attack NNS 35419 3844 6 living live VBG 35419 3844 7 , , , 35419 3844 8 dead dead JJ 35419 3844 9 , , , 35419 3844 10 and and CC 35419 3844 11 felled fell VBN 35419 3844 12 trees tree NNS 35419 3844 13 , , , 35419 3844 14 sawlogs sawlog VBZ 35419 3844 15 , , , 35419 3844 16 green green JJ 35419 3844 17 lumber lumber NN 35419 3844 18 , , , 35419 3844 19 and and CC 35419 3844 20 stave stave NN 35419 3844 21 - - HYPH 35419 3844 22 bolts bolt NNS 35419 3844 23 , , , 35419 3844 24 often often RB 35419 3844 25 causing cause VBG 35419 3844 26 serious serious JJ 35419 3844 27 injury injury NN 35419 3844 28 and and CC 35419 3844 29 loss loss NN 35419 3844 30 from from IN 35419 3844 31 the the DT 35419 3844 32 pin pin NN 35419 3844 33 - - HYPH 35419 3844 34 hole hole NN 35419 3844 35 and and CC 35419 3844 36 stained stain VBN 35419 3844 37 - - HYPH 35419 3844 38 wood wood NN 35419 3844 39 defects defect NNS 35419 3844 40 caused cause VBN 35419 3844 41 by by IN 35419 3844 42 their -PRON- PRP$ 35419 3844 43 brood brood NN 35419 3844 44 galleries gallery NNS 35419 3844 45 . . . 35419 3845 1 The the DT 35419 3845 2 galleries gallery NNS 35419 3845 3 are be VBP 35419 3845 4 excavated excavate VBN 35419 3845 5 by by IN 35419 3845 6 the the DT 35419 3845 7 parent parent NN 35419 3845 8 beetles beetle NNS 35419 3845 9 in in IN 35419 3845 10 the the DT 35419 3845 11 sound sound JJ 35419 3845 12 sap sap NN 35419 3845 13 - - HYPH 35419 3845 14 wood wood NN 35419 3845 15 sometimes sometimes RB 35419 3845 16 extending extend VBG 35419 3845 17 into into IN 35419 3845 18 the the DT 35419 3845 19 heart heart NN 35419 3845 20 - - HYPH 35419 3845 21 wood wood NN 35419 3845 22 , , , 35419 3845 23 and and CC 35419 3845 24 the the DT 35419 3845 25 young young JJ 35419 3845 26 stages stage NNS 35419 3845 27 feed feed VBP 35419 3845 28 on on IN 35419 3845 29 a a DT 35419 3845 30 fungus fungus NN 35419 3845 31 growth growth NN 35419 3845 32 which which WDT 35419 3845 33 grows grow VBZ 35419 3845 34 on on IN 35419 3845 35 the the DT 35419 3845 36 walls wall NNS 35419 3845 37 of of IN 35419 3845 38 galleries gallery NNS 35419 3845 39 . . . 35419 3846 1 ( ( -LRB- 35419 3846 2 Hopkins Hopkins NNP 35419 3846 3 , , , 35419 3846 4 Entom Entom NNP 35419 3846 5 . . . 35419 3847 1 Bulletin bulletin NN 35419 3847 2 No no UH 35419 3847 3 . . . 35419 3848 1 48 48 CD 35419 3848 2 , , , 35419 3848 3 p. p. NN 35419 3849 1 10 10 CD 35419 3849 2 . . . 35419 3849 3 ) ) -RRB- 35419 3850 1 The the DT 35419 3850 2 growth growth NN 35419 3850 3 of of IN 35419 3850 4 this this DT 35419 3850 5 ambrosia ambrosia NN 35419 3850 6 - - : 35419 3850 7 like like JJ 35419 3850 8 fungus fungus NN 35419 3850 9 is be VBZ 35419 3850 10 induced induce VBN 35419 3850 11 or or CC 35419 3850 12 controlled control VBN 35419 3850 13 by by IN 35419 3850 14 the the DT 35419 3850 15 parent parent NN 35419 3850 16 beetles beetle NNS 35419 3850 17 and and CC 35419 3850 18 the the DT 35419 3850 19 young young JJ 35419 3850 20 are be VBP 35419 3850 21 dependent dependent JJ 35419 3850 22 on on IN 35419 3850 23 it -PRON- PRP 35419 3850 24 for for IN 35419 3850 25 food food NN 35419 3850 26 . . . 35419 3851 1 ( ( -LRB- 35419 3851 2 Hopkins Hopkins NNP 35419 3851 3 , , , 35419 3851 4 _ _ NNP 35419 3851 5 Agric Agric NNP 35419 3851 6 . . . 35419 3852 1 Yr yr UH 35419 3852 2 . . . 35419 3852 3 Bk Bk NNP 35419 3852 4 . . . 35419 3852 5 _ _ NNP 35419 3852 6 , , , 35419 3852 7 1904 1904 CD 35419 3852 8 . . . 35419 3852 9 ) ) -RRB- 35419 3853 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 3853 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 3853 3 : : : 35419 3853 4 Fig Fig NNP 35419 3853 5 . . . 35419 3854 1 92 92 CD 35419 3854 2 . . . 35419 3855 1 Work work NN 35419 3855 2 of of IN 35419 3855 3 Ambrosia Ambrosia NNP 35419 3855 4 Beetle Beetle NNP 35419 3855 5 , , , 35419 3855 6 _ _ NNP 35419 3855 7 Xyloborus Xyloborus NNP 35419 3855 8 celsus celsus NN 35419 3855 9 _ _ NNP 35419 3855 10 , , , 35419 3855 11 in in IN 35419 3855 12 Hickory Hickory NNP 35419 3855 13 Wood Wood NNP 35419 3855 14 : : : 35419 3855 15 _ _ NNP 35419 3855 16 a a DT 35419 3855 17 _ _ NNP 35419 3855 18 , , , 35419 3855 19 Larva Larva NNP 35419 3855 20 ; ; : 35419 3855 21 _ _ NNP 35419 3855 22 b b NNP 35419 3855 23 _ _ NNP 35419 3855 24 , , , 35419 3855 25 Pupa Pupa NNP 35419 3855 26 ; ; : 35419 3855 27 _ _ NNP 35419 3855 28 c c NNP 35419 3855 29 _ _ NNP 35419 3855 30 , , , 35419 3855 31 Adult Adult NNP 35419 3855 32 beetle beetle NN 35419 3855 33 ; ; : 35419 3855 34 _ _ NNP 35419 3855 35 d d NNP 35419 3855 36 _ _ NNP 35419 3855 37 , , , 35419 3855 38 Character Character NNP 35419 3855 39 of of IN 35419 3855 40 work work NN 35419 3855 41 in in IN 35419 3855 42 lumber lumber NN 35419 3855 43 cut cut VBN 35419 3855 44 from from IN 35419 3855 45 injured injure VBN 35419 3855 46 log log NN 35419 3855 47 ; ; : 35419 3855 48 _ _ NNP 35419 3855 49 e e NNP 35419 3855 50 _ _ NNP 35419 3855 51 , , , 35419 3855 52 Bark Bark NNP 35419 3855 53 ; ; : 35419 3855 54 _ _ NNP 35419 3855 55 f f NNP 35419 3855 56 _ _ NNP 35419 3855 57 , , , 35419 3855 58 Sap Sap NNP 35419 3855 59 wood wood NN 35419 3855 60 ; ; : 35419 3855 61 _ _ NNP 35419 3855 62 g g NNP 35419 3855 63 _ _ NNP 35419 3855 64 , , , 35419 3855 65 Heartwood Heartwood NNP 35419 3855 66 . . . 35419 3856 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 3856 2 _ _ NNP 35419 3856 3 Agric Agric NNP 35419 3856 4 . . . 35419 3857 1 Year Year NNP 35419 3857 2 Book Book NNP 35419 3857 3 _ _ NNP 35419 3857 4 , , , 35419 3857 5 1904 1904 CD 35419 3857 6 , , , 35419 3857 7 Fig Fig NNP 35419 3857 8 . . . 35419 3858 1 44 44 CD 35419 3858 2 , , , 35419 3858 3 p. p. NN 35419 3859 1 384 384 CD 35419 3859 2 . . . 35419 3859 3 ] ] -RRB- 35419 3859 4 ] ] -RRB- 35419 3860 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 3860 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 3860 3 : : : 35419 3860 4 Fig Fig NNP 35419 3860 5 . . . 35419 3861 1 93 93 CD 35419 3861 2 . . . 35419 3862 1 Work work NN 35419 3862 2 of of IN 35419 3862 3 Ambrosia Ambrosia NNP 35419 3862 4 Beetles Beetles NNPS 35419 3862 5 in in IN 35419 3862 6 Oak Oak NNP 35419 3862 7 : : : 35419 3862 8 _ _ NNP 35419 3862 9 a a DT 35419 3862 10 _ _ NNP 35419 3862 11 , , , 35419 3862 12 _ _ NNP 35419 3862 13 Monarthum Monarthum NNP 35419 3862 14 mali mali NNP 35419 3862 15 _ _ NNP 35419 3862 16 , , , 35419 3862 17 and and CC 35419 3862 18 work work NN 35419 3862 19 ; ; : 35419 3862 20 _ _ NNP 35419 3862 21 b b NNP 35419 3862 22 _ _ NNP 35419 3862 23 , , , 35419 3862 24 _ _ NNP 35419 3862 25 Platypus Platypus NNP 35419 3862 26 compositus compositus NN 35419 3862 27 _ _ NNP 35419 3862 28 , , , 35419 3862 29 and and CC 35419 3862 30 work work NN 35419 3862 31 ; ; : 35419 3862 32 _ _ NNP 35419 3862 33 c c NNP 35419 3862 34 _ _ NNP 35419 3862 35 , , , 35419 3862 36 Bark Bark NNP 35419 3862 37 ; ; : 35419 3862 38 _ _ NNP 35419 3862 39 d d NNP 35419 3862 40 _ _ NNP 35419 3862 41 , , , 35419 3862 42 Sap sap NN 35419 3862 43 - - HYPH 35419 3862 44 wood wood NN 35419 3862 45 ; ; : 35419 3862 46 _ _ NNP 35419 3862 47 e e NNP 35419 3862 48 _ _ NNP 35419 3862 49 , , , 35419 3862 50 Heart heart NN 35419 3862 51 - - HYPH 35419 3862 52 wood wood NN 35419 3862 53 ; ; : 35419 3862 54 _ _ NNP 35419 3862 55 f f NNP 35419 3862 56 _ _ NNP 35419 3862 57 , , , 35419 3862 58 Character Character NNP 35419 3862 59 of of IN 35419 3862 60 work work NN 35419 3862 61 in in IN 35419 3862 62 lumber lumber NN 35419 3862 63 from from IN 35419 3862 64 injured injure VBN 35419 3862 65 log log NN 35419 3862 66 . . . 35419 3863 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 3863 2 _ _ NNP 35419 3863 3 Agric Agric NNP 35419 3863 4 . . . 35419 3864 1 Year Year NNP 35419 3864 2 Book Book NNP 35419 3864 3 _ _ NNP 35419 3864 4 , , , 35419 3864 5 1904 1904 CD 35419 3864 6 , , , 35419 3864 7 Fig Fig NNP 35419 3864 8 . . . 35419 3865 1 45 45 CD 35419 3865 2 , , , 35419 3865 3 p. p. NN 35419 3866 1 384 384 CD 35419 3866 2 . . . 35419 3866 3 ] ] -RRB- 35419 3866 4 ] ] -RRB- 35419 3867 1 There there EX 35419 3867 2 are be VBP 35419 3867 3 two two CD 35419 3867 4 general general JJ 35419 3867 5 types type NNS 35419 3867 6 or or CC 35419 3867 7 classes class NNS 35419 3867 8 of of IN 35419 3867 9 these these DT 35419 3867 10 galleries gallery NNS 35419 3867 11 , , , 35419 3867 12 one one CD 35419 3867 13 in in IN 35419 3867 14 which which WDT 35419 3867 15 the the DT 35419 3867 16 broods brood NNS 35419 3867 17 develop develop VBP 35419 3867 18 together together RB 35419 3867 19 in in IN 35419 3867 20 the the DT 35419 3867 21 main main JJ 35419 3867 22 burrows burrow NNS 35419 3867 23 , , , 35419 3867 24 the the DT 35419 3867 25 other other JJ 35419 3867 26 , , , 35419 3867 27 in in IN 35419 3867 28 which which WDT 35419 3867 29 the the DT 35419 3867 30 individuals individual NNS 35419 3867 31 develop develop VBP 35419 3867 32 in in IN 35419 3867 33 short short JJ 35419 3867 34 separate separate JJ 35419 3867 35 side side NN 35419 3867 36 chambers chamber NNS 35419 3867 37 extending extend VBG 35419 3867 38 at at IN 35419 3867 39 right right JJ 35419 3867 40 angles angle NNS 35419 3867 41 from from IN 35419 3867 42 the the DT 35419 3867 43 primary primary JJ 35419 3867 44 gallery gallery NN 35419 3867 45 , , , 35419 3867 46 Fig Fig NNP 35419 3867 47 . . . 35419 3868 1 93 93 CD 35419 3868 2 . . . 35419 3869 1 The the DT 35419 3869 2 galleries gallery NNS 35419 3869 3 of of IN 35419 3869 4 the the DT 35419 3869 5 latter latter JJ 35419 3869 6 type type NN 35419 3869 7 are be VBP 35419 3869 8 usually usually RB 35419 3869 9 accompanied accompany VBN 35419 3869 10 by by IN 35419 3869 11 a a DT 35419 3869 12 distinct distinct JJ 35419 3869 13 staining staining NN 35419 3869 14 of of IN 35419 3869 15 the the DT 35419 3869 16 wood wood NN 35419 3869 17 , , , 35419 3869 18 while while IN 35419 3869 19 those those DT 35419 3869 20 of of IN 35419 3869 21 the the DT 35419 3869 22 former former JJ 35419 3869 23 are be VBP 35419 3869 24 not not RB 35419 3869 25 . . . 35419 3870 1 ( ( -LRB- 35419 3870 2 Hopkins Hopkins NNP 35419 3870 3 , , , 35419 3870 4 _ _ NNP 35419 3870 5 Agric Agric NNP 35419 3870 6 . . . 35419 3871 1 Yr yr UH 35419 3871 2 . . . 35419 3871 3 Bk Bk NNP 35419 3871 4 . . . 35419 3871 5 _ _ NNP 35419 3871 6 , , , 35419 3871 7 1904 1904 CD 35419 3871 8 , , , 35419 3871 9 p. p. NN 35419 3872 1 383 383 CD 35419 3872 2 . . . 35419 3872 3 ) ) -RRB- 35419 3873 1 _ _ NNP 35419 3873 2 Bark Bark NNP 35419 3873 3 _ _ NNP 35419 3873 4 and and CC 35419 3873 5 _ _ NNP 35419 3873 6 wood wood NN 35419 3873 7 borers borer NNS 35419 3873 8 _ _ NNP 35419 3873 9 , , , 35419 3873 10 Fig Fig NNP 35419 3873 11 . . . 35419 3874 1 94 94 CD 35419 3874 2 . . . 35419 3875 1 This this DT 35419 3875 2 class class NN 35419 3875 3 of of IN 35419 3875 4 enemies enemy NNS 35419 3875 5 differs differ VBZ 35419 3875 6 from from IN 35419 3875 7 the the DT 35419 3875 8 preceding precede VBG 35419 3875 9 in in IN 35419 3875 10 the the DT 35419 3875 11 fact fact NN 35419 3875 12 that that IN 35419 3875 13 the the DT 35419 3875 14 parent parent NN 35419 3875 15 beetles beetle NNS 35419 3875 16 do do VBP 35419 3875 17 not not RB 35419 3875 18 burrow burrow VB 35419 3875 19 into into IN 35419 3875 20 the the DT 35419 3875 21 wood wood NN 35419 3875 22 or or CC 35419 3875 23 bark bark NN 35419 3875 24 , , , 35419 3875 25 but but CC 35419 3875 26 deposit deposit VB 35419 3875 27 their -PRON- PRP$ 35419 3875 28 eggs egg NNS 35419 3875 29 on on IN 35419 3875 30 the the DT 35419 3875 31 surface surface NN 35419 3875 32 . . . 35419 3876 1 The the DT 35419 3876 2 elongate elongate NN 35419 3876 3 , , , 35419 3876 4 whitish whitish JJ 35419 3876 5 , , , 35419 3876 6 round round JJ 35419 3876 7 - - HYPH 35419 3876 8 headed headed JJ 35419 3876 9 ( ( -LRB- 35419 3876 10 _ _ NNP 35419 3876 11 Cerambycid Cerambycid NNP 35419 3876 12 _ _ NNP 35419 3876 13 ) ) -RRB- 35419 3876 14 , , , 35419 3876 15 flat flat RB 35419 3876 16 - - HYPH 35419 3876 17 headed headed JJ 35419 3876 18 ( ( -LRB- 35419 3876 19 _ _ NNP 35419 3876 20 Buprestid Buprestid NNP 35419 3876 21 _ _ NNP 35419 3876 22 ) ) -RRB- 35419 3876 23 , , , 35419 3876 24 or or CC 35419 3876 25 short short JJ 35419 3876 26 , , , 35419 3876 27 stout stout RB 35419 3876 28 ( ( -LRB- 35419 3876 29 _ _ NNP 35419 3876 30 Curculionid Curculionid NNP 35419 3876 31 _ _ NNP 35419 3876 32 ) ) -RRB- 35419 3876 33 grubs grub NNS 35419 3876 34 hatching hatching NN 35419 3876 35 from from IN 35419 3876 36 these these DT 35419 3876 37 eggs egg NNS 35419 3876 38 cause cause VB 35419 3876 39 injury injury NN 35419 3876 40 by by IN 35419 3876 41 burrowing burrow VBG 35419 3876 42 beneath beneath IN 35419 3876 43 the the DT 35419 3876 44 bark bark NN 35419 3876 45 , , , 35419 3876 46 or or CC 35419 3876 47 deep deep RB 35419 3876 48 into into IN 35419 3876 49 the the DT 35419 3876 50 sap sap NN 35419 3876 51 - - HYPH 35419 3876 52 wood wood NN 35419 3876 53 and and CC 35419 3876 54 heart heart NN 35419 3876 55 - - HYPH 35419 3876 56 wood wood NN 35419 3876 57 of of IN 35419 3876 58 living living NN 35419 3876 59 , , , 35419 3876 60 injured injure VBN 35419 3876 61 and and CC 35419 3876 62 dead dead JJ 35419 3876 63 trees tree NNS 35419 3876 64 , , , 35419 3876 65 sawlogs sawlog VBZ 35419 3876 66 , , , 35419 3876 67 etc etc FW 35419 3876 68 . . . 35419 3877 1 Some some DT 35419 3877 2 of of IN 35419 3877 3 the the DT 35419 3877 4 species specie NNS 35419 3877 5 infest infest RBS 35419 3877 6 living living NN 35419 3877 7 trees tree NNS 35419 3877 8 , , , 35419 3877 9 Fig Fig NNP 35419 3877 10 . . . 35419 3878 1 95 95 CD 35419 3878 2 , , , 35419 3878 3 causing cause VBG 35419 3878 4 serious serious JJ 35419 3878 5 injury injury NN 35419 3878 6 or or CC 35419 3878 7 death death NN 35419 3878 8 . . . 35419 3879 1 Others other NNS 35419 3879 2 attack attack VBP 35419 3879 3 only only RB 35419 3879 4 dead dead JJ 35419 3879 5 or or CC 35419 3879 6 dying die VBG 35419 3879 7 bark bark NN 35419 3879 8 and and CC 35419 3879 9 wood wood NN 35419 3879 10 , , , 35419 3879 11 but but CC 35419 3879 12 this this DT 35419 3879 13 injury injury NN 35419 3879 14 often often RB 35419 3879 15 results result VBZ 35419 3879 16 in in IN 35419 3879 17 great great JJ 35419 3879 18 loss loss NN 35419 3879 19 from from IN 35419 3879 20 the the DT 35419 3879 21 so so RB 35419 3879 22 - - HYPH 35419 3879 23 called call VBN 35419 3879 24 wormhole wormhole NN 35419 3879 25 defects defect NNS 35419 3879 26 . . . 35419 3880 1 ( ( -LRB- 35419 3880 2 A. A. NNP 35419 3880 3 D. D. NNP 35419 3880 4 Hopkins Hopkins NNP 35419 3880 5 , , , 35419 3880 6 _ _ NNP 35419 3880 7 Entom Entom NNP 35419 3880 8 . . . 35419 3881 1 Bull Bull NNP 35419 3881 2 . . . 35419 3881 3 _ _ NNP 35419 3881 4 , , , 35419 3881 5 No no UH 35419 3881 6 . . . 35419 3882 1 48 48 CD 35419 3882 2 , , , 35419 3882 3 p. p. NN 35419 3883 1 10 10 CD 35419 3883 2 . . . 35419 3883 3 ) ) -RRB- 35419 3884 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 3884 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 3884 3 : : : 35419 3884 4 Fig Fig NNP 35419 3884 5 . . . 35419 3885 1 94 94 CD 35419 3885 2 . . . 35419 3886 1 Work work NN 35419 3886 2 of of IN 35419 3886 3 Round Round NNP 35419 3886 4 - - HYPH 35419 3886 5 Headed Headed NNP 35419 3886 6 and and CC 35419 3886 7 Flat Flat NNP 35419 3886 8 - - HYPH 35419 3886 9 Headed head VBN 35419 3886 10 Borers Borers NNP 35419 3886 11 in in IN 35419 3886 12 Pine Pine NNP 35419 3886 13 : : : 35419 3886 14 _ _ NNP 35419 3886 15 a a DT 35419 3886 16 _ _ NNP 35419 3886 17 , , , 35419 3886 18 Work Work NNP 35419 3886 19 of of IN 35419 3886 20 round round RB 35419 3886 21 - - HYPH 35419 3886 22 headed head VBN 35419 3886 23 borers borer NNS 35419 3886 24 , , , 35419 3886 25 " " '' 35419 3886 26 sawyer sawyer NN 35419 3886 27 , , , 35419 3886 28 " " '' 35419 3886 29 _ _ NNP 35419 3886 30 Monohamnus Monohamnus NNP 35419 3886 31 _ _ NNP 35419 3886 32 sp sp NNP 35419 3886 33 . . . 35419 3887 1 ; ; : 35419 3887 2 _ _ NNP 35419 3887 3 b b NNP 35419 3887 4 _ _ NNP 35419 3887 5 , , , 35419 3887 6 _ _ NNP 35419 3887 7 Ergates Ergates NNP 35419 3887 8 spiculatus spiculatus NN 35419 3887 9 _ _ NNP 35419 3887 10 ; ; : 35419 3887 11 _ _ NNP 35419 3887 12 c c NNP 35419 3887 13 _ _ NNP 35419 3887 14 , , , 35419 3887 15 Work Work NNP 35419 3887 16 of of IN 35419 3887 17 flat flat RB 35419 3887 18 - - HYPH 35419 3887 19 headed headed JJ 35419 3887 20 borer borer NN 35419 3887 21 , , , 35419 3887 22 _ _ NNP 35419 3887 23 Buprestis Buprestis NNP 35419 3887 24 _ _ NNP 35419 3887 25 , , , 35419 3887 26 larva larva NN 35419 3887 27 and and CC 35419 3887 28 adult adult NN 35419 3887 29 . . . 35419 3888 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 3888 2 _ _ NNP 35419 3888 3 Agric Agric NNP 35419 3888 4 . . . 35419 3889 1 Year Year NNP 35419 3889 2 Book Book NNP 35419 3889 3 _ _ NNP 35419 3889 4 , , , 35419 3889 5 1904 1904 CD 35419 3889 6 , , , 35419 3889 7 Fig Fig NNP 35419 3889 8 . . . 35419 3890 1 46 46 CD 35419 3890 2 , , , 35419 3890 3 p. p. NN 35419 3891 1 385 385 CD 35419 3891 2 . . . 35419 3891 3 ] ] -RRB- 35419 3891 4 ] ] -RRB- 35419 3892 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 3892 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 3892 3 : : : 35419 3892 4 Fig Fig NNP 35419 3892 5 . . . 35419 3893 1 95 95 CD 35419 3893 2 . . . 35419 3894 1 Hemlock Hemlock NNP 35419 3894 2 Killed kill VBN 35419 3894 3 by by IN 35419 3894 4 Buprestid Buprestid NNP 35419 3894 5 Worms Worms NNP 35419 3894 6 . . . 35419 3895 1 Hoquiam Hoquiam NNP 35419 3895 2 , , , 35419 3895 3 Washington Washington NNP 35419 3895 4 . . . 35419 3896 1 _ _ NNP 35419 3896 2 U.S. U.S. NNP 35419 3897 1 Forest Forest NNP 35419 3897 2 Service Service NNP 35419 3897 3 . . . 35419 3897 4 _ _ NNP 35419 3897 5 ] ] -RRB- 35419 3897 6 The the DT 35419 3897 7 pine pine JJ 35419 3897 8 sawyers sawyer NNS 35419 3897 9 are be VBP 35419 3897 10 among among IN 35419 3897 11 the the DT 35419 3897 12 most most RBS 35419 3897 13 troublesome troublesome JJ 35419 3897 14 pests pest NNS 35419 3897 15 in in IN 35419 3897 16 the the DT 35419 3897 17 mill mill NN 35419 3897 18 yard yard NN 35419 3897 19 , , , 35419 3897 20 and and CC 35419 3897 21 their -PRON- PRP$ 35419 3897 22 large large JJ 35419 3897 23 , , , 35419 3897 24 white white JJ 35419 3897 25 larvae larva NNS 35419 3897 26 often often RB 35419 3897 27 do do VBP 35419 3897 28 much much JJ 35419 3897 29 damage damage NN 35419 3897 30 to to IN 35419 3897 31 logs log NNS 35419 3897 32 by by IN 35419 3897 33 eating eat VBG 35419 3897 34 great great JJ 35419 3897 35 holes hole NNS 35419 3897 36 thru thru IN 35419 3897 37 their -PRON- PRP$ 35419 3897 38 solid solid JJ 35419 3897 39 interior interior NN 35419 3897 40 . . . 35419 3898 1 While while IN 35419 3898 2 burrowing burrow VBG 35419 3898 3 in in IN 35419 3898 4 the the DT 35419 3898 5 wood wood NN 35419 3898 6 the the DT 35419 3898 7 larvae larvae NNP 35419 3898 8 make make VBP 35419 3898 9 a a DT 35419 3898 10 peculiar peculiar JJ 35419 3898 11 grating grating NN 35419 3898 12 sound sound NN 35419 3898 13 that that WDT 35419 3898 14 may may MD 35419 3898 15 be be VB 35419 3898 16 heard hear VBN 35419 3898 17 on on IN 35419 3898 18 quiet quiet JJ 35419 3898 19 nights night NNS 35419 3898 20 at at IN 35419 3898 21 a a DT 35419 3898 22 considerable considerable JJ 35419 3898 23 distance distance NN 35419 3898 24 . . . 35419 3899 1 This this DT 35419 3899 2 is be VBZ 35419 3899 3 a a DT 35419 3899 4 familiar familiar JJ 35419 3899 5 sound sound NN 35419 3899 6 in in IN 35419 3899 7 the the DT 35419 3899 8 lumber lumber NN 35419 3899 9 camps camp NNS 35419 3899 10 of of IN 35419 3899 11 the the DT 35419 3899 12 North North NNP 35419 3899 13 , , , 35419 3899 14 and and CC 35419 3899 15 has have VBZ 35419 3899 16 probably probably RB 35419 3899 17 given give VBN 35419 3899 18 rise rise NN 35419 3899 19 to to IN 35419 3899 20 the the DT 35419 3899 21 name name NN 35419 3899 22 of of IN 35419 3899 23 the the DT 35419 3899 24 pine pine JJ 35419 3899 25 sawyers sawyer NNS 35419 3899 26 by by IN 35419 3899 27 which which WDT 35419 3899 28 these these DT 35419 3899 29 insects insect NNS 35419 3899 30 are be VBP 35419 3899 31 known know VBN 35419 3899 32 . . . 35419 3900 1 ( ( -LRB- 35419 3900 2 _ _ NNP 35419 3900 3 Forestry Forestry NNP 35419 3900 4 Bulletin Bulletin NNP 35419 3900 5 _ _ NNP 35419 3900 6 , , , 35419 3900 7 No no UH 35419 3900 8 . . . 35419 3901 1 22 22 CD 35419 3901 2 , , , 35419 3901 3 p. p. NN 35419 3902 1 58 58 CD 35419 3902 2 . . . 35419 3902 3 ) ) -RRB- 35419 3903 1 _ _ NNP 35419 3903 2 Powder Powder NNP 35419 3903 3 - - HYPH 35419 3903 4 post post NNP 35419 3903 5 beetles beetle NNS 35419 3903 6 _ _ NNP 35419 3903 7 , , , 35419 3903 8 Fig Fig NNP 35419 3903 9 . . . 35419 3904 1 96 96 CD 35419 3904 2 . . . 35419 3905 1 This this DT 35419 3905 2 is be VBZ 35419 3905 3 a a DT 35419 3905 4 class class NN 35419 3905 5 of of IN 35419 3905 6 insects insect NNS 35419 3905 7 representing represent VBG 35419 3905 8 two two CD 35419 3905 9 or or CC 35419 3905 10 three three CD 35419 3905 11 families family NNS 35419 3905 12 of of IN 35419 3905 13 beetles beetle NNS 35419 3905 14 , , , 35419 3905 15 the the DT 35419 3905 16 larvae larvae NN 35419 3905 17 of of IN 35419 3905 18 which which WDT 35419 3905 19 infest inf JJS 35419 3905 20 and and CC 35419 3905 21 convert convert VB 35419 3905 22 into into IN 35419 3905 23 fine fine JJ 35419 3905 24 powder powder NN 35419 3905 25 many many JJ 35419 3905 26 different different JJ 35419 3905 27 kinds kind NNS 35419 3905 28 of of IN 35419 3905 29 dry dry JJ 35419 3905 30 and and CC 35419 3905 31 seasoned seasoned JJ 35419 3905 32 wood wood NN 35419 3905 33 products product NNS 35419 3905 34 , , , 35419 3905 35 such such JJ 35419 3905 36 as as IN 35419 3905 37 hickory hickory NN 35419 3905 38 and and CC 35419 3905 39 ash ash VB 35419 3905 40 handles handle NNS 35419 3905 41 , , , 35419 3905 42 wagon wagon NNP 35419 3905 43 spokes spoke NNS 35419 3905 44 , , , 35419 3905 45 lumber lumber NN 35419 3905 46 , , , 35419 3905 47 etc etc FW 35419 3905 48 . . FW 35419 3905 49 , , , 35419 3905 50 when when WRB 35419 3905 51 wholly wholly RB 35419 3905 52 or or CC 35419 3905 53 in in IN 35419 3905 54 part part NN 35419 3905 55 from from IN 35419 3905 56 the the DT 35419 3905 57 sap sap NN 35419 3905 58 - - HYPH 35419 3905 59 wood wood NN 35419 3905 60 of of IN 35419 3905 61 trees tree NNS 35419 3905 62 . . . 35419 3906 1 Oak Oak NNP 35419 3906 2 and and CC 35419 3906 3 hemlock hemlock NNP 35419 3906 4 tan tan NNP 35419 3906 5 - - HYPH 35419 3906 6 bark bark NN 35419 3906 7 is be VBZ 35419 3906 8 sometimes sometimes RB 35419 3906 9 injured injure VBN 35419 3906 10 to to IN 35419 3906 11 a a DT 35419 3906 12 great great JJ 35419 3906 13 extent extent NN 35419 3906 14 , , , 35419 3906 15 and and CC 35419 3906 16 the the DT 35419 3906 17 structural structural JJ 35419 3906 18 timbers timber NNS 35419 3906 19 of of IN 35419 3906 20 old old JJ 35419 3906 21 houses house NNS 35419 3906 22 , , , 35419 3906 23 barns barn NNS 35419 3906 24 , , , 35419 3906 25 etc etc FW 35419 3906 26 . . . 35419 3906 27 , , , 35419 3906 28 are be VBP 35419 3906 29 often often RB 35419 3906 30 seriously seriously RB 35419 3906 31 injured injure VBN 35419 3906 32 , , , 35419 3906 33 while while IN 35419 3906 34 hop hop NN 35419 3906 35 poles pole NNS 35419 3906 36 and and CC 35419 3906 37 like like IN 35419 3906 38 products product NNS 35419 3906 39 are be VBP 35419 3906 40 attacked attack VBN 35419 3906 41 by by IN 35419 3906 42 one one CD 35419 3906 43 set set NN 35419 3906 44 of of IN 35419 3906 45 these these DT 35419 3906 46 insects insect NNS 35419 3906 47 , , , 35419 3906 48 the the DT 35419 3906 49 adults adult NNS 35419 3906 50 of of IN 35419 3906 51 which which WDT 35419 3906 52 burrow burrow VBP 35419 3906 53 into into IN 35419 3906 54 the the DT 35419 3906 55 wood wood NN 35419 3906 56 for for IN 35419 3906 57 the the DT 35419 3906 58 purpose purpose NN 35419 3906 59 of of IN 35419 3906 60 depositing deposit VBG 35419 3906 61 their -PRON- PRP$ 35419 3906 62 eggs egg NNS 35419 3906 63 . . . 35419 3907 1 ( ( -LRB- 35419 3907 2 Hopkins Hopkins NNP 35419 3907 3 , , , 35419 3907 4 _ _ NNP 35419 3907 5 Forestry Forestry NNP 35419 3907 6 Bulletin Bulletin NNP 35419 3907 7 _ _ NNP 35419 3907 8 No no UH 35419 3907 9 . . . 35419 3908 1 48 48 CD 35419 3908 2 , , , 35419 3908 3 p. p. NN 35419 3909 1 11 11 CD 35419 3909 2 . . . 35419 3909 3 ) ) -RRB- 35419 3910 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 3910 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 3910 3 : : : 35419 3910 4 Fig Fig NNP 35419 3910 5 . . . 35419 3911 1 96 96 CD 35419 3911 2 . . . 35419 3912 1 Work work NN 35419 3912 2 of of IN 35419 3912 3 Powder Powder NNP 35419 3912 4 Post Post NNP 35419 3912 5 Beetle Beetle NNP 35419 3912 6 , , , 35419 3912 7 _ _ NNP 35419 3912 8 Sinoxylon Sinoxylon NNP 35419 3912 9 basilare basilare NN 35419 3912 10 _ _ NNP 35419 3912 11 , , , 35419 3912 12 in in IN 35419 3912 13 hickory hickory JJ 35419 3912 14 pole pole NN 35419 3912 15 : : : 35419 3912 16 _ _ NNP 35419 3912 17 a a DT 35419 3912 18 _ _ NNP 35419 3912 19 , , , 35419 3912 20 Character Character NNP 35419 3912 21 of of IN 35419 3912 22 work work NN 35419 3912 23 by by IN 35419 3912 24 larvae larvae NNP 35419 3912 25 ; ; : 35419 3912 26 _ _ NNP 35419 3912 27 b b NNP 35419 3912 28 _ _ NNP 35419 3912 29 , , , 35419 3912 30 Exit Exit NNP 35419 3912 31 holes hole NNS 35419 3912 32 made make VBN 35419 3912 33 by by IN 35419 3912 34 emerging emerge VBG 35419 3912 35 broods brood NNS 35419 3912 36 . . . 35419 3913 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 3913 2 _ _ NNP 35419 3913 3 Agric Agric NNP 35419 3913 4 . . . 35419 3914 1 Year Year NNP 35419 3914 2 Book Book NNP 35419 3914 3 _ _ NNP 35419 3914 4 , , , 35419 3914 5 1904 1904 CD 35419 3914 6 , , , 35419 3914 7 Fig Fig NNP 35419 3914 8 . . . 35419 3915 1 49 49 CD 35419 3915 2 . . . 35419 3915 3 ] ] -RRB- 35419 3915 4 ] ] -RRB- 35419 3916 1 _ _ NNP 35419 3916 2 Timber Timber NNP 35419 3916 3 worms worm NNS 35419 3916 4 _ _ NNP 35419 3916 5 , , , 35419 3916 6 Fig Fig NNP 35419 3916 7 . . . 35419 3917 1 97 97 CD 35419 3917 2 . . . 35419 3918 1 This this DT 35419 3918 2 class class NN 35419 3918 3 of of IN 35419 3918 4 true true JJ 35419 3918 5 wood wood NN 35419 3918 6 - - HYPH 35419 3918 7 boring bore VBG 35419 3918 8 " " '' 35419 3918 9 worms worm NNS 35419 3918 10 , , , 35419 3918 11 " " '' 35419 3918 12 or or CC 35419 3918 13 grubs grub NNS 35419 3918 14 , , , 35419 3918 15 are be VBP 35419 3918 16 the the DT 35419 3918 17 larvae larvae NN 35419 3918 18 of of IN 35419 3918 19 beetles beetle NNS 35419 3918 20 . . . 35419 3919 1 They -PRON- PRP 35419 3919 2 enter enter VBP 35419 3919 3 the the DT 35419 3919 4 wood wood NN 35419 3919 5 from from IN 35419 3919 6 eggs egg NNS 35419 3919 7 deposited deposit VBN 35419 3919 8 in in IN 35419 3919 9 wounds wound NNS 35419 3919 10 in in IN 35419 3919 11 living living NN 35419 3919 12 trees tree NNS 35419 3919 13 , , , 35419 3919 14 from from IN 35419 3919 15 which which WDT 35419 3919 16 they -PRON- PRP 35419 3919 17 burrow burrow VBP 35419 3919 18 deep deep RB 35419 3919 19 into into IN 35419 3919 20 the the DT 35419 3919 21 heart heart NN 35419 3919 22 - - HYPH 35419 3919 23 wood wood NN 35419 3919 24 . . . 35419 3920 1 Generation generation NN 35419 3920 2 after after IN 35419 3920 3 generation generation NN 35419 3920 4 may may MD 35419 3920 5 develop develop VB 35419 3920 6 in in IN 35419 3920 7 the the DT 35419 3920 8 wood wood NN 35419 3920 9 of of IN 35419 3920 10 a a DT 35419 3920 11 tree tree NN 35419 3920 12 without without IN 35419 3920 13 affecting affect VBG 35419 3920 14 its -PRON- PRP$ 35419 3920 15 life life NN 35419 3920 16 but but CC 35419 3920 17 the the DT 35419 3920 18 wood wood NN 35419 3920 19 is be VBZ 35419 3920 20 rendered render VBN 35419 3920 21 worthless worthless JJ 35419 3920 22 for for IN 35419 3920 23 most most JJS 35419 3920 24 purposes purpose NNS 35419 3920 25 by by IN 35419 3920 26 the the DT 35419 3920 27 so so RB 35419 3920 28 - - HYPH 35419 3920 29 called call VBN 35419 3920 30 wormhole wormhole NN 35419 3920 31 and and CC 35419 3920 32 pinhole pinhole NN 35419 3920 33 defects defect NNS 35419 3920 34 resulting result VBG 35419 3920 35 from from IN 35419 3920 36 their -PRON- PRP$ 35419 3920 37 burrows burrow NNS 35419 3920 38 . . . 35419 3921 1 The the DT 35419 3921 2 same same JJ 35419 3921 3 species specie NNS 35419 3921 4 also also RB 35419 3921 5 breed breed VBP 35419 3921 6 in in IN 35419 3921 7 the the DT 35419 3921 8 wood wood NN 35419 3921 9 of of IN 35419 3921 10 dying die VBG 35419 3921 11 and and CC 35419 3921 12 dead dead JJ 35419 3921 13 standing standing NN 35419 3921 14 trees tree NNS 35419 3921 15 , , , 35419 3921 16 and and CC 35419 3921 17 in in IN 35419 3921 18 the the DT 35419 3921 19 stumps stump NNS 35419 3921 20 and and CC 35419 3921 21 logs log NNS 35419 3921 22 of of IN 35419 3921 23 felled fell VBN 35419 3921 24 ones one NNS 35419 3921 25 , , , 35419 3921 26 often often RB 35419 3921 27 for for IN 35419 3921 28 many many JJ 35419 3921 29 years year NNS 35419 3921 30 after after IN 35419 3921 31 the the DT 35419 3921 32 trees tree NNS 35419 3921 33 are be VBP 35419 3921 34 felled fell VBN 35419 3921 35 . . . 35419 3922 1 One one CD 35419 3922 2 species species NN 35419 3922 3 sometimes sometimes RB 35419 3922 4 attacks attack VBZ 35419 3922 5 freshly freshly RB 35419 3922 6 sawed saw VBD 35419 3922 7 oak oak NNP 35419 3922 8 lumber lumber NNP 35419 3922 9 , , , 35419 3922 10 new new JJ 35419 3922 11 stave stave NN 35419 3922 12 bolts bolt NNS 35419 3922 13 , , , 35419 3922 14 etc etc FW 35419 3922 15 . . . 35419 3923 1 They -PRON- PRP 35419 3923 2 are be VBP 35419 3923 3 among among IN 35419 3923 4 the the DT 35419 3923 5 most most RBS 35419 3923 6 destructive destructive JJ 35419 3923 7 enemies enemy NNS 35419 3923 8 of of IN 35419 3923 9 hardwood hardwood NN 35419 3923 10 forest forest NN 35419 3923 11 trees tree NNS 35419 3923 12 , , , 35419 3923 13 especially especially RB 35419 3923 14 in in IN 35419 3923 15 reducing reduce VBG 35419 3923 16 the the DT 35419 3923 17 value value NN 35419 3923 18 of of IN 35419 3923 19 the the DT 35419 3923 20 wood wood NN 35419 3923 21 of of IN 35419 3923 22 the the DT 35419 3923 23 best good JJS 35419 3923 24 part part NN 35419 3923 25 of of IN 35419 3923 26 the the DT 35419 3923 27 trunks trunk NNS 35419 3923 28 . . . 35419 3924 1 ( ( -LRB- 35419 3924 2 Hopkins Hopkins NNP 35419 3924 3 , , , 35419 3924 4 _ _ NNP 35419 3924 5 Forestry Forestry NNP 35419 3924 6 Bulletin Bulletin NNP 35419 3924 7 _ _ NNP 35419 3924 8 No no UH 35419 3924 9 . . . 35419 3925 1 48 48 CD 35419 3925 2 , , , 35419 3925 3 p. p. NN 35419 3926 1 10 10 CD 35419 3926 2 . . . 35419 3926 3 ) ) -RRB- 35419 3927 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 3927 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 3927 3 : : : 35419 3927 4 Fig Fig NNP 35419 3927 5 . . . 35419 3928 1 97 97 CD 35419 3928 2 . . . 35419 3929 1 Work work NN 35419 3929 2 of of IN 35419 3929 3 Timber Timber NNP 35419 3929 4 Worms Worms NNPS 35419 3929 5 in in IN 35419 3929 6 Oak Oak NNP 35419 3929 7 : : : 35419 3929 8 _ _ NNP 35419 3929 9 a a DT 35419 3929 10 _ _ NNP 35419 3929 11 , , , 35419 3929 12 Work Work NNP 35419 3929 13 of of IN 35419 3929 14 oak oak NN 35419 3929 15 timber timber NN 35419 3929 16 worm worm NN 35419 3929 17 , , , 35419 3929 18 _ _ NNP 35419 3929 19 Eupsalis Eupsalis NNP 35419 3929 20 minuta minuta NN 35419 3929 21 _ _ NNP 35419 3929 22 ; ; : 35419 3929 23 _ _ NNP 35419 3929 24 b. b. NN 35419 3929 25 _ _ NNP 35419 3929 26 Barked Barked NNP 35419 3929 27 surface surface NN 35419 3929 28 ; ; : 35419 3929 29 _ _ NNP 35419 3929 30 c. c. NN 35419 3929 31 _ _ NNP 35419 3929 32 Bark Bark NNP 35419 3929 33 ; ; : 35419 3929 34 _ _ NNP 35419 3929 35 d. d. NNP 35419 3929 36 _ _ NNP 35419 3929 37 Sap Sap NNP 35419 3929 38 - - HYPH 35419 3929 39 wood wood NN 35419 3929 40 timber timber NN 35419 3929 41 worm worm NN 35419 3929 42 , , , 35419 3929 43 _ _ NNP 35419 3929 44 Hylocaetus Hylocaetus NNP 35419 3929 45 lugubris lugubris NN 35419 3929 46 _ _ NNP 35419 3929 47 , , , 35419 3929 48 and and CC 35419 3929 49 its -PRON- PRP$ 35419 3929 50 work work NN 35419 3929 51 ; ; : 35419 3929 52 _ _ NNP 35419 3929 53 e. e. NNP 35419 3929 54 _ _ NNP 35419 3929 55 Sap Sap NNP 35419 3929 56 - - HYPH 35419 3929 57 wood wood NN 35419 3929 58 . . . 35419 3930 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 3930 2 _ _ NNP 35419 3930 3 Agric Agric NNP 35419 3930 4 . . . 35419 3931 1 Year Year NNP 35419 3931 2 Book Book NNP 35419 3931 3 _ _ NNP 35419 3931 4 , , , 35419 3931 5 1904 1904 CD 35419 3931 6 , , , 35419 3931 7 Fig Fig NNP 35419 3931 8 . . . 35419 3932 1 47 47 CD 35419 3932 2 , , , 35419 3932 3 p. p. NN 35419 3933 1 386 386 CD 35419 3933 2 . . . 35419 3933 3 ] ] -RRB- 35419 3933 4 ] ] -RRB- 35419 3934 1 The the DT 35419 3934 2 _ _ NNP 35419 3934 3 carpenter carpenter NN 35419 3934 4 worms worm NNS 35419 3934 5 _ _ NNP 35419 3934 6 , , , 35419 3934 7 Fig Fig NNP 35419 3934 8 . . . 35419 3935 1 98 98 CD 35419 3935 2 . . . 35419 3936 1 These these DT 35419 3936 2 are be VBP 35419 3936 3 large large JJ 35419 3936 4 pinkish pinkish JJ 35419 3936 5 caterpillars caterpillar NNS 35419 3936 6 which which WDT 35419 3936 7 are be VBP 35419 3936 8 the the DT 35419 3936 9 larvae larvae NN 35419 3936 10 of of IN 35419 3936 11 stout stout RB 35419 3936 12 - - HYPH 35419 3936 13 bodied bodied JJ 35419 3936 14 moths moth NNS 35419 3936 15 . . . 35419 3937 1 They -PRON- PRP 35419 3937 2 enter enter VBP 35419 3937 3 the the DT 35419 3937 4 bark bark NN 35419 3937 5 and and CC 35419 3937 6 wood wood NN 35419 3937 7 of of IN 35419 3937 8 living living NN 35419 3937 9 oak oak NN 35419 3937 10 , , , 35419 3937 11 locust locust NN 35419 3937 12 , , , 35419 3937 13 poplar poplar JJ 35419 3937 14 and and CC 35419 3937 15 other other JJ 35419 3937 16 trees tree NNS 35419 3937 17 , , , 35419 3937 18 from from IN 35419 3937 19 eggs egg NNS 35419 3937 20 deposited deposit VBN 35419 3937 21 by by IN 35419 3937 22 the the DT 35419 3937 23 moths moth NNS 35419 3937 24 in in IN 35419 3937 25 the the DT 35419 3937 26 crevices crevice NNS 35419 3937 27 of of IN 35419 3937 28 uninjured uninjured JJ 35419 3937 29 bark bark NN 35419 3937 30 , , , 35419 3937 31 or or CC 35419 3937 32 in in IN 35419 3937 33 the the DT 35419 3937 34 edges edge NNS 35419 3937 35 of of IN 35419 3937 36 wounds wound NNS 35419 3937 37 . . . 35419 3938 1 They -PRON- PRP 35419 3938 2 burrow burrow VBP 35419 3938 3 deep deep RB 35419 3938 4 into into IN 35419 3938 5 the the DT 35419 3938 6 solid solid JJ 35419 3938 7 wood wood NN 35419 3938 8 , , , 35419 3938 9 where where WRB 35419 3938 10 they -PRON- PRP 35419 3938 11 live live VBP 35419 3938 12 for for IN 35419 3938 13 two two CD 35419 3938 14 or or CC 35419 3938 15 three three CD 35419 3938 16 years year NNS 35419 3938 17 before before IN 35419 3938 18 transforming transform VBG 35419 3938 19 to to IN 35419 3938 20 the the DT 35419 3938 21 adult adult NN 35419 3938 22 . . . 35419 3939 1 The the DT 35419 3939 2 wood wood NN 35419 3939 3 is be VBZ 35419 3939 4 seriously seriously RB 35419 3939 5 injured injure VBN 35419 3939 6 by by IN 35419 3939 7 the the DT 35419 3939 8 very very RB 35419 3939 9 large large JJ 35419 3939 10 wormhole wormhole NN 35419 3939 11 defects defect NNS 35419 3939 12 , , , 35419 3939 13 and and CC 35419 3939 14 while while IN 35419 3939 15 the the DT 35419 3939 16 life life NN 35419 3939 17 of of IN 35419 3939 18 the the DT 35419 3939 19 tree tree NN 35419 3939 20 is be VBZ 35419 3939 21 but but CC 35419 3939 22 slightly slightly RB 35419 3939 23 , , , 35419 3939 24 if if IN 35419 3939 25 at at RB 35419 3939 26 all all RB 35419 3939 27 , , , 35419 3939 28 affected affect VBN 35419 3939 29 by by IN 35419 3939 30 the the DT 35419 3939 31 earlier early JJR 35419 3939 32 attacks attack NNS 35419 3939 33 , , , 35419 3939 34 the the DT 35419 3939 35 continued continue VBN 35419 3939 36 operations operation NNS 35419 3939 37 of of IN 35419 3939 38 this this DT 35419 3939 39 class class NN 35419 3939 40 of of IN 35419 3939 41 borers borers NNP 35419 3939 42 year year NN 35419 3939 43 after after IN 35419 3939 44 year year NN 35419 3939 45 , , , 35419 3939 46 finally finally RB 35419 3939 47 results result VBZ 35419 3939 48 in in IN 35419 3939 49 the the DT 35419 3939 50 decay decay NN 35419 3939 51 of of IN 35419 3939 52 the the DT 35419 3939 53 heart heart NN 35419 3939 54 - - HYPH 35419 3939 55 wood wood NN 35419 3939 56 , , , 35419 3939 57 or or CC 35419 3939 58 a a DT 35419 3939 59 hollow hollow JJ 35419 3939 60 trunk trunk NN 35419 3939 61 and and CC 35419 3939 62 a a DT 35419 3939 63 dead dead JJ 35419 3939 64 top top NN 35419 3939 65 . . . 35419 3940 1 ( ( -LRB- 35419 3940 2 Hopkins Hopkins NNP 35419 3940 3 , , , 35419 3940 4 _ _ NNP 35419 3940 5 Forestry Forestry NNP 35419 3940 6 Bulletin Bulletin NNP 35419 3940 7 _ _ NNP 35419 3940 8 , , , 35419 3940 9 No no UH 35419 3940 10 . . . 35419 3941 1 48 48 CD 35419 3941 2 , , , 35419 3941 3 p. p. NN 35419 3942 1 11 11 CD 35419 3942 2 . . . 35419 3942 3 ) ) -RRB- 35419 3943 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 3943 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 3943 3 : : : 35419 3943 4 Fig Fig NNP 35419 3943 5 . . . 35419 3944 1 98 98 CD 35419 3944 2 . . . 35419 3945 1 Worm Worm NNP 35419 3945 2 Holes Holes NNPS 35419 3945 3 in in IN 35419 3945 4 Red Red NNP 35419 3945 5 Oak Oak NNP 35419 3945 6 , , , 35419 3945 7 Work Work NNP 35419 3945 8 of of IN 35419 3945 9 the the DT 35419 3945 10 Oak Oak NNP 35419 3945 11 Carpenter Carpenter NNP 35419 3945 12 Worm Worm NNP 35419 3945 13 . . . 35419 3946 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 3946 2 _ _ NNP 35419 3946 3 Agric Agric NNP 35419 3946 4 . . . 35419 3947 1 Year Year NNP 35419 3947 2 Book Book NNP 35419 3947 3 _ _ NNP 35419 3947 4 , , , 35419 3947 5 1903 1903 CD 35419 3947 6 , , , 35419 3947 7 Fig Fig NNP 35419 3947 8 . . . 35419 3948 1 37 37 CD 35419 3948 2 , , , 35419 3948 3 p. p. NN 35419 3949 1 324 324 CD 35419 3949 2 . . . 35419 3949 3 ] ] -RRB- 35419 3949 4 ] ] -RRB- 35419 3950 1 _ _ NNP 35419 3950 2 Columbian Columbian NNP 35419 3950 3 Timber Timber NNP 35419 3950 4 - - HYPH 35419 3950 5 beetle beetle NN 35419 3950 6 _ _ NNP 35419 3950 7 One one CD 35419 3950 8 of of IN 35419 3950 9 the the DT 35419 3950 10 commonest common JJS 35419 3950 11 wormhole wormhole NN 35419 3950 12 defects defect NNS 35419 3950 13 in in IN 35419 3950 14 white white NNP 35419 3950 15 oak oak NNP 35419 3950 16 , , , 35419 3950 17 rock rock NNP 35419 3950 18 oak oak NN 35419 3950 19 , , , 35419 3950 20 beech beech NNP 35419 3950 21 , , , 35419 3950 22 and and CC 35419 3950 23 tulip tulip NN 35419 3950 24 ( ( -LRB- 35419 3950 25 " " `` 35419 3950 26 whitewood whitewood NN 35419 3950 27 " " '' 35419 3950 28 or or CC 35419 3950 29 " " `` 35419 3950 30 yellow yellow JJ 35419 3950 31 poplar poplar NN 35419 3950 32 " " '' 35419 3950 33 ) ) -RRB- 35419 3950 34 is be VBZ 35419 3950 35 one one CD 35419 3950 36 known know VBN 35419 3950 37 to to IN 35419 3950 38 the the DT 35419 3950 39 lumber lumber NN 35419 3950 40 trade trade NN 35419 3950 41 as as IN 35419 3950 42 grease grease NN 35419 3950 43 spots spot NNS 35419 3950 44 , , , 35419 3950 45 patch patch NN 35419 3950 46 - - HYPH 35419 3950 47 worm worm NN 35419 3950 48 , , , 35419 3950 49 or or CC 35419 3950 50 black black JJ 35419 3950 51 holes hole NNS 35419 3950 52 , , , 35419 3950 53 Fig Fig NNP 35419 3950 54 . . . 35419 3951 1 99 99 CD 35419 3951 2 , , , 35419 3951 3 steam steam NN 35419 3951 4 boats boat NNS 35419 3951 5 , , , 35419 3951 6 Fig Fig NNP 35419 3951 7 . . . 35419 3952 1 100 100 CD 35419 3952 2 , , , 35419 3952 3 etc etc FW 35419 3952 4 . . NN 35419 3952 5 , , , 35419 3952 6 caused cause VBN 35419 3952 7 by by IN 35419 3952 8 the the DT 35419 3952 9 Columbian columbian JJ 35419 3952 10 timber timber NN 35419 3952 11 beetle beetle NN 35419 3952 12 ( ( -LRB- 35419 3952 13 _ _ NNP 35419 3952 14 Corthylus Corthylus NNP 35419 3952 15 columbianus columbianus NN 35419 3952 16 Hopk Hopk NNP 35419 3952 17 _ _ NNP 35419 3952 18 . . . 35419 3952 19 ) ) -RRB- 35419 3953 1 The the DT 35419 3953 2 characteristic characteristic JJ 35419 3953 3 feature feature NN 35419 3953 4 of of IN 35419 3953 5 this this DT 35419 3953 6 wormhole wormhole NN 35419 3953 7 defect defect NN 35419 3953 8 , , , 35419 3953 9 which which WDT 35419 3953 10 will will MD 35419 3953 11 enable enable VB 35419 3953 12 it -PRON- PRP 35419 3953 13 to to TO 35419 3953 14 be be VB 35419 3953 15 readily readily RB 35419 3953 16 recognized recognize VBN 35419 3953 17 in in IN 35419 3953 18 oak oak NN 35419 3953 19 and and CC 35419 3953 20 beech beech NNP 35419 3953 21 , , , 35419 3953 22 is be VBZ 35419 3953 23 transverse transverse NNP 35419 3953 24 series series NN 35419 3953 25 of of IN 35419 3953 26 two two CD 35419 3953 27 or or CC 35419 3953 28 more more JJR 35419 3953 29 black black JJ 35419 3953 30 holes hole NNS 35419 3953 31 about about IN 35419 3953 32 the the DT 35419 3953 33 size size NN 35419 3953 34 of of IN 35419 3953 35 the the DT 35419 3953 36 lead lead NN 35419 3953 37 in in IN 35419 3953 38 an an DT 35419 3953 39 ordinary ordinary JJ 35419 3953 40 lead lead JJ 35419 3953 41 pencil pencil NN 35419 3953 42 , , , 35419 3953 43 with with IN 35419 3953 44 a a DT 35419 3953 45 streak streak NN 35419 3953 46 of of IN 35419 3953 47 stained stained JJ 35419 3953 48 wood wood NN 35419 3953 49 extending extend VBG 35419 3953 50 with with IN 35419 3953 51 the the DT 35419 3953 52 grain grain NN 35419 3953 53 two two CD 35419 3953 54 or or CC 35419 3953 55 three three CD 35419 3953 56 or or CC 35419 3953 57 more more JJR 35419 3953 58 inches inch NNS 35419 3953 59 each each DT 35419 3953 60 side side NN 35419 3953 61 , , , 35419 3953 62 as as IN 35419 3953 63 in in IN 35419 3953 64 Fig Fig NNP 35419 3953 65 . . . 35419 3954 1 99 99 CD 35419 3954 2 . . . 35419 3955 1 In in IN 35419 3955 2 quarter quarter NN 35419 3955 3 - - HYPH 35419 3955 4 sawed saw VBN 35419 3955 5 oak oak NN 35419 3955 6 or or CC 35419 3955 7 split split NN 35419 3955 8 or or CC 35419 3955 9 sawed saw VBN 35419 3955 10 staves stave NNS 35419 3955 11 , , , 35419 3955 12 a a DT 35419 3955 13 short short JJ 35419 3955 14 longitudinal longitudinal JJ 35419 3955 15 section section NN 35419 3955 16 of of IN 35419 3955 17 one one CD 35419 3955 18 of of IN 35419 3955 19 these these DT 35419 3955 20 black black JJ 35419 3955 21 holes hole NNS 35419 3955 22 is be VBZ 35419 3955 23 seen see VBN 35419 3955 24 attended attend VBN 35419 3955 25 by by IN 35419 3955 26 the the DT 35419 3955 27 stained stained JJ 35419 3955 28 streak streak NN 35419 3955 29 on on IN 35419 3955 30 one one CD 35419 3955 31 side side NN 35419 3955 32 of of IN 35419 3955 33 a a DT 35419 3955 34 thick thick JJ 35419 3955 35 or or CC 35419 3955 36 curly curly RB 35419 3955 37 growth growth NN 35419 3955 38 or or CC 35419 3955 39 grain grain NN 35419 3955 40 , , , 35419 3955 41 Fig Fig NNP 35419 3955 42 . . . 35419 3956 1 100 100 CD 35419 3956 2 . . . 35419 3957 1 It -PRON- PRP 35419 3957 2 is be VBZ 35419 3957 3 this this DT 35419 3957 4 form form NN 35419 3957 5 which which WDT 35419 3957 6 is be VBZ 35419 3957 7 called call VBN 35419 3957 8 " " `` 35419 3957 9 steamboats steamboat NNS 35419 3957 10 . . . 35419 3957 11 " " '' 35419 3958 1 In in IN 35419 3958 2 whitewood whitewood NN 35419 3958 3 ( ( -LRB- 35419 3958 4 yellow yellow JJ 35419 3958 5 poplar poplar NN 35419 3958 6 ) ) -RRB- 35419 3958 7 the the DT 35419 3958 8 black black JJ 35419 3958 9 holes hole NNS 35419 3958 10 are be VBP 35419 3958 11 attended attend VBN 35419 3958 12 by by IN 35419 3958 13 very very RB 35419 3958 14 long long JJ 35419 3958 15 black black JJ 35419 3958 16 , , , 35419 3958 17 greenish greenish JJ 35419 3958 18 , , , 35419 3958 19 or or CC 35419 3958 20 bluish bluish JJ 35419 3958 21 streaks streak NNS 35419 3958 22 , , , 35419 3958 23 sometimes sometimes RB 35419 3958 24 five five CD 35419 3958 25 or or CC 35419 3958 26 six six CD 35419 3958 27 feet foot NNS 35419 3958 28 long long JJ 35419 3958 29 . . . 35419 3959 1 When when WRB 35419 3959 2 this this DT 35419 3959 3 is be VBZ 35419 3959 4 common common JJ 35419 3959 5 in in IN 35419 3959 6 the the DT 35419 3959 7 lumber lumber NN 35419 3959 8 it -PRON- PRP 35419 3959 9 is be VBZ 35419 3959 10 called call VBN 35419 3959 11 " " `` 35419 3959 12 calico calico NN 35419 3959 13 poplar poplar NN 35419 3959 14 . . . 35419 3959 15 " " '' 35419 3960 1 Fig fig NN 35419 3960 2 . . . 35419 3961 1 101 101 CD 35419 3961 2 represents represent VBZ 35419 3961 3 the the DT 35419 3961 4 characteristic characteristic JJ 35419 3961 5 appearance appearance NN 35419 3961 6 of of IN 35419 3961 7 this this DT 35419 3961 8 defect defect NN 35419 3961 9 greatly greatly RB 35419 3961 10 reduced reduce VBN 35419 3961 11 . . . 35419 3962 1 ( ( -LRB- 35419 3962 2 Hopkins Hopkins NNP 35419 3962 3 , , , 35419 3962 4 _ _ NNP 35419 3962 5 Agric Agric NNP 35419 3962 6 . . . 35419 3963 1 Yr yr UH 35419 3963 2 . . . 35419 3963 3 Bk Bk NNP 35419 3963 4 . . . 35419 3963 5 _ _ NNP 35419 3963 6 , , , 35419 3963 7 1903 1903 CD 35419 3963 8 , , , 35419 3963 9 p. p. NN 35419 3964 1 327 327 CD 35419 3964 2 . . . 35419 3964 3 ) ) -RRB- 35419 3965 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 3965 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 3965 3 : : : 35419 3965 4 Fig Fig NNP 35419 3965 5 . . . 35419 3966 1 99 99 CD 35419 3966 2 . . . 35419 3967 1 Work work NN 35419 3967 2 of of IN 35419 3967 3 the the DT 35419 3967 4 Columbian Columbian NNP 35419 3967 5 Timber Timber NNP 35419 3967 6 Beetle Beetle NNP 35419 3967 7 : : : 35419 3967 8 Black black JJ 35419 3967 9 holes hole NNS 35419 3967 10 and and CC 35419 3967 11 " " `` 35419 3967 12 grease grease NN 35419 3967 13 spots spot NNS 35419 3967 14 " " '' 35419 3967 15 in in IN 35419 3967 16 white white NNP 35419 3967 17 oak oak NNP 35419 3967 18 . . . 35419 3968 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 3968 2 _ _ NNP 35419 3968 3 Agric Agric NNP 35419 3968 4 . . . 35419 3969 1 Year Year NNP 35419 3969 2 Book Book NNP 35419 3969 3 _ _ NNP 35419 3969 4 , , , 35419 3969 5 1903 1903 CD 35419 3969 6 , , , 35419 3969 7 Fig Fig NNP 35419 3969 8 . . . 35419 3970 1 38 38 CD 35419 3970 2 , , , 35419 3970 3 p. p. NN 35419 3971 1 325 325 CD 35419 3971 2 . . . 35419 3971 3 ] ] -RRB- 35419 3971 4 ] ] -RRB- 35419 3972 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 3972 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 3972 3 : : : 35419 3972 4 Fig Fig NNP 35419 3972 5 . . . 35419 3973 1 100 100 CD 35419 3973 2 . . . 35419 3974 1 Work work NN 35419 3974 2 of of IN 35419 3974 3 the the DT 35419 3974 4 Columbian Columbian NNP 35419 3974 5 Timber Timber NNP 35419 3974 6 Beetle Beetle NNP 35419 3974 7 : : : 35419 3974 8 " " `` 35419 3974 9 Steamboats Steamboats NNPS 35419 3974 10 " " '' 35419 3974 11 in in IN 35419 3974 12 quartered quartered JJ 35419 3974 13 or or CC 35419 3974 14 Split Split NNP 35419 3974 15 white white JJ 35419 3974 16 oak oak NN 35419 3974 17 . . . 35419 3975 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 3975 2 _ _ NNP 35419 3975 3 Agric Agric NNP 35419 3975 4 . . . 35419 3976 1 Year Year NNP 35419 3976 2 Book Book NNP 35419 3976 3 _ _ NNP 35419 3976 4 , , , 35419 3976 5 1903 1903 CD 35419 3976 6 , , , 35419 3976 7 Fig Fig NNP 35419 3976 8 . . . 35419 3977 1 39 39 CD 35419 3977 2 , , , 35419 3977 3 p. p. NN 35419 3978 1 326 326 CD 35419 3978 2 . . . 35419 3978 3 ] ] -RRB- 35419 3978 4 ] ] -RRB- 35419 3979 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 3979 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 3979 3 : : : 35419 3979 4 Fig Fig NNP 35419 3979 5 . . . 35419 3980 1 101 101 CD 35419 3980 2 . . . 35419 3981 1 Work work NN 35419 3981 2 of of IN 35419 3981 3 the the DT 35419 3981 4 Columbian Columbian NNP 35419 3981 5 Timber Timber NNP 35419 3981 6 Beetle Beetle NNP 35419 3981 7 in in IN 35419 3981 8 Tulip Tulip NNP 35419 3981 9 Wood wood NN 35419 3981 10 , , , 35419 3981 11 " " `` 35419 3981 12 Calico Calico NNP 35419 3981 13 Poplar Poplar NNP 35419 3981 14 , , , 35419 3981 15 " " '' 35419 3981 16 [ [ -LRB- 35419 3981 17 _ _ NNP 35419 3981 18 Agric Agric NNP 35419 3981 19 . . . 35419 3982 1 Year Year NNP 35419 3982 2 Book Book NNP 35419 3982 3 _ _ NNP 35419 3982 4 1903 1903 CD 35419 3982 5 , , , 35419 3982 6 Fig Fig NNP 35419 3982 7 . . . 35419 3983 1 40 40 CD 35419 3983 2 , , , 35419 3983 3 p. p. NN 35419 3984 1 326 326 CD 35419 3984 2 . . . 35419 3984 3 ] ] -RRB- 35419 3984 4 ] ] -RRB- 35419 3985 1 _ _ NNP 35419 3985 2 Carpenter Carpenter NNP 35419 3985 3 bees bee NNS 35419 3985 4 . . . 35419 3985 5 _ _ NNP 35419 3985 6 The the DT 35419 3985 7 work work NN 35419 3985 8 of of IN 35419 3985 9 this this DT 35419 3985 10 class class NN 35419 3985 11 of of IN 35419 3985 12 woodboring woodbore VBG 35419 3985 13 bees bee NNS 35419 3985 14 is be VBZ 35419 3985 15 shown show VBN 35419 3985 16 in in IN 35419 3985 17 Fig Fig NNP 35419 3985 18 . . . 35419 3986 1 102 102 CD 35419 3986 2 . . . 35419 3987 1 The the DT 35419 3987 2 injury injury NN 35419 3987 3 consists consist VBZ 35419 3987 4 of of IN 35419 3987 5 large large JJ 35419 3987 6 augerlike augerlike JJ 35419 3987 7 tunnels tunnel NNS 35419 3987 8 in in IN 35419 3987 9 exposed expose VBN 35419 3987 10 , , , 35419 3987 11 solid solid JJ 35419 3987 12 dry dry JJ 35419 3987 13 wood wood NN 35419 3987 14 of of IN 35419 3987 15 buildings building NNS 35419 3987 16 and and CC 35419 3987 17 other other JJ 35419 3987 18 structures structure NNS 35419 3987 19 . . . 35419 3988 1 It -PRON- PRP 35419 3988 2 is be VBZ 35419 3988 3 most most RBS 35419 3988 4 common common JJ 35419 3988 5 in in IN 35419 3988 6 soft soft JJ 35419 3988 7 woods wood NNS 35419 3988 8 , , , 35419 3988 9 such such JJ 35419 3988 10 as as IN 35419 3988 11 pine pine JJ 35419 3988 12 , , , 35419 3988 13 poplar poplar JJ 35419 3988 14 , , , 35419 3988 15 redwood redwood NN 35419 3988 16 and and CC 35419 3988 17 the the DT 35419 3988 18 like like JJ 35419 3988 19 . . . 35419 3989 1 ( ( -LRB- 35419 3989 2 Hopkins Hopkins NNP 35419 3989 3 , , , 35419 3989 4 _ _ NNP 35419 3989 5 Agric Agric NNP 35419 3989 6 . . . 35419 3990 1 Yr yr UH 35419 3990 2 . . . 35419 3990 3 Bk Bk NNP 35419 3990 4 . . . 35419 3990 5 _ _ NNP 35419 3990 6 , , , 35419 3990 7 1904 1904 CD 35419 3990 8 , , , 35419 3990 9 p. p. NN 35419 3991 1 390 390 CD 35419 3991 2 . . . 35419 3991 3 ) ) -RRB- 35419 3992 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 3992 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 3992 3 : : : 35419 3992 4 Fig Fig NNP 35419 3992 5 . . . 35419 3993 1 102 102 CD 35419 3993 2 . . . 35419 3994 1 Work work NN 35419 3994 2 of of IN 35419 3994 3 the the DT 35419 3994 4 Carpenter Carpenter NNP 35419 3994 5 Bee Bee NNP 35419 3994 6 , , , 35419 3994 7 _ _ NNP 35419 3994 8 Xylocopa Xylocopa NNP 35419 3994 9 orpifex orpifex NNP 35419 3994 10 _ _ NNP 35419 3994 11 , , , 35419 3994 12 in in IN 35419 3994 13 Redwood Redwood NNP 35419 3994 14 Lumber Lumber NNP 35419 3994 15 : : : 35419 3994 16 _ _ NNP 35419 3994 17 a a DT 35419 3994 18 _ _ NNP 35419 3994 19 , , , 35419 3994 20 entrance entrance NN 35419 3994 21 ; ; : 35419 3994 22 _ _ NNP 35419 3994 23 b b NNP 35419 3994 24 _ _ NNP 35419 3994 25 , , , 35419 3994 26 galleries gallery NNS 35419 3994 27 ; ; : 35419 3994 28 _ _ NNP 35419 3994 29 c c NNP 35419 3994 30 _ _ NNP 35419 3994 31 , , , 35419 3994 32 cells cell NNS 35419 3994 33 ; ; : 35419 3994 34 _ _ NNP 35419 3994 35 d d NNP 35419 3994 36 _ _ NNP 35419 3994 37 , , , 35419 3994 38 larva larva NNP 35419 3994 39 ; ; : 35419 3994 40 _ _ NNP 35419 3994 41 e e NNP 35419 3994 42 _ _ NNP 35419 3994 43 , , , 35419 3994 44 adult adult NN 35419 3994 45 . . . 35419 3995 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 3995 2 _ _ NNP 35419 3995 3 Agric Agric NNP 35419 3995 4 . . . 35419 3996 1 Year Year NNP 35419 3996 2 Book Book NNP 35419 3996 3 _ _ NNP 35419 3996 4 , , , 35419 3996 5 1904 1904 CD 35419 3996 6 , , , 35419 3996 7 Fig Fig NNP 35419 3996 8 . . . 35419 3997 1 53 53 CD 35419 3997 2 , , , 35419 3997 3 p. p. NN 35419 3998 1 390 390 CD 35419 3998 2 . . . 35419 3998 3 ] ] -RRB- 35419 3998 4 ] ] -RRB- 35419 3999 1 _ _ NNP 35419 3999 2 Horn Horn NNP 35419 3999 3 tails tail VBZ 35419 3999 4 . . . 35419 3999 5 _ _ NNP 35419 3999 6 This this DT 35419 3999 7 is be VBZ 35419 3999 8 a a DT 35419 3999 9 class class NN 35419 3999 10 of of IN 35419 3999 11 borers borer NNS 35419 3999 12 which which WDT 35419 3999 13 are be VBP 35419 3999 14 the the DT 35419 3999 15 larvae larvae NN 35419 3999 16 of of IN 35419 3999 17 the the DT 35419 3999 18 so so RB 35419 3999 19 - - HYPH 35419 3999 20 called call VBN 35419 3999 21 wood wood NN 35419 3999 22 wasps wasp NNS 35419 3999 23 . . . 35419 4000 1 They -PRON- PRP 35419 4000 2 may may MD 35419 4000 3 enter enter VB 35419 4000 4 the the DT 35419 4000 5 exposed expose VBN 35419 4000 6 dead dead JJ 35419 4000 7 wood wood NN 35419 4000 8 of of IN 35419 4000 9 wounds wound NNS 35419 4000 10 of of IN 35419 4000 11 living living NN 35419 4000 12 trees tree NNS 35419 4000 13 , , , 35419 4000 14 but but CC 35419 4000 15 more more RBR 35419 4000 16 commonly commonly RB 35419 4000 17 attack attack VBP 35419 4000 18 the the DT 35419 4000 19 wood wood NN 35419 4000 20 of of IN 35419 4000 21 dead dead JJ 35419 4000 22 standing stand VBG 35419 4000 23 conifers conifer NNS 35419 4000 24 and and CC 35419 4000 25 hard hard JJ 35419 4000 26 woods wood NNS 35419 4000 27 , , , 35419 4000 28 in in IN 35419 4000 29 the the DT 35419 4000 30 sap sap NN 35419 4000 31 - - HYPH 35419 4000 32 wood wood NN 35419 4000 33 of of IN 35419 4000 34 which which WDT 35419 4000 35 they -PRON- PRP 35419 4000 36 excavate excavate VBP 35419 4000 37 irregular irregular JJ 35419 4000 38 burrows burrow NNS 35419 4000 39 , , , 35419 4000 40 which which WDT 35419 4000 41 are be VBP 35419 4000 42 packed pack VBN 35419 4000 43 with with IN 35419 4000 44 their -PRON- PRP$ 35419 4000 45 borings boring NNS 35419 4000 46 . . . 35419 4001 1 When when WRB 35419 4001 2 the the DT 35419 4001 3 adults adult NNS 35419 4001 4 emerge emerge VBP 35419 4001 5 they -PRON- PRP 35419 4001 6 leave leave VBP 35419 4001 7 the the DT 35419 4001 8 surface surface NN 35419 4001 9 perforated perforate VBN 35419 4001 10 with with IN 35419 4001 11 numerous numerous JJ 35419 4001 12 round round JJ 35419 4001 13 holes hole NNS 35419 4001 14 . . . 35419 4002 1 Water water NN 35419 4002 2 and and CC 35419 4002 3 fungi fungi NN 35419 4002 4 entering enter VBG 35419 4002 5 these these DT 35419 4002 6 holes hole NNS 35419 4002 7 cause cause VB 35419 4002 8 a a DT 35419 4002 9 very very RB 35419 4002 10 rapid rapid JJ 35419 4002 11 decay decay NN 35419 4002 12 of of IN 35419 4002 13 the the DT 35419 4002 14 wood wood NN 35419 4002 15 . . . 35419 4003 1 ( ( -LRB- 35419 4003 2 Hopkins Hopkins NNP 35419 4003 3 , , , 35419 4003 4 _ _ NNP 35419 4003 5 Entom Entom NNP 35419 4003 6 . . . 35419 4004 1 Bull Bull NNP 35419 4004 2 . . . 35419 4004 3 _ _ NNP 35419 4004 4 No no UH 35419 4004 5 . . . 35419 4005 1 48 48 CD 35419 4005 2 , , , 35419 4005 3 p. p. NN 35419 4006 1 11 11 CD 35419 4006 2 . . . 35419 4006 3 ) ) -RRB- 35419 4007 1 The the DT 35419 4007 2 tunnels tunnel NNS 35419 4007 3 of of IN 35419 4007 4 these these DT 35419 4007 5 various various JJ 35419 4007 6 wood wood NN 35419 4007 7 pests pest NNS 35419 4007 8 are be VBP 35419 4007 9 most most RBS 35419 4007 10 frequently frequently RB 35419 4007 11 to to TO 35419 4007 12 be be VB 35419 4007 13 seen see VBN 35419 4007 14 in in IN 35419 4007 15 chestnut chestnut NN 35419 4007 16 , , , 35419 4007 17 ash ash NN 35419 4007 18 , , , 35419 4007 19 hickory hickory NN 35419 4007 20 , , , 35419 4007 21 oak oak NN 35419 4007 22 , , , 35419 4007 23 tulip tulip NN 35419 4007 24 , , , 35419 4007 25 and and CC 35419 4007 26 cypress cypress NN 35419 4007 27 . . . 35419 4008 1 One one PRP 35419 4008 2 would would MD 35419 4008 3 think think VB 35419 4008 4 that that IN 35419 4008 5 with with IN 35419 4008 6 such such PDT 35419 4008 7 an an DT 35419 4008 8 array array NN 35419 4008 9 of of IN 35419 4008 10 enemies enemy NNS 35419 4008 11 , , , 35419 4008 12 the the DT 35419 4008 13 forest forest NN 35419 4008 14 would would MD 35419 4008 15 hardly hardly RB 35419 4008 16 survive survive VB 35419 4008 17 , , , 35419 4008 18 but but CC 35419 4008 19 on on IN 35419 4008 20 the the DT 35419 4008 21 other other JJ 35419 4008 22 hand hand NN 35419 4008 23 there there EX 35419 4008 24 are be VBP 35419 4008 25 many many JJ 35419 4008 26 enemies enemy NNS 35419 4008 27 of of IN 35419 4008 28 these these DT 35419 4008 29 pests pest NNS 35419 4008 30 . . . 35419 4009 1 The the DT 35419 4009 2 most most RBS 35419 4009 3 destructive destructive JJ 35419 4009 4 are be VBP 35419 4009 5 the the DT 35419 4009 6 predaceous predaceous JJ 35419 4009 7 and and CC 35419 4009 8 parasitic parasitic JJ 35419 4009 9 insects insect NNS 35419 4009 10 . . . 35419 4010 1 Many many JJ 35419 4010 2 insects insect NNS 35419 4010 3 are be VBP 35419 4010 4 simply simply RB 35419 4010 5 predaceous predaceous JJ 35419 4010 6 , , , 35419 4010 7 pouncing pounce VBG 35419 4010 8 upon upon IN 35419 4010 9 and and CC 35419 4010 10 destroying destroy VBG 35419 4010 11 such such JJ 35419 4010 12 other other JJ 35419 4010 13 insects insect NNS 35419 4010 14 as as IN 35419 4010 15 they -PRON- PRP 35419 4010 16 can can MD 35419 4010 17 overcome overcome VB 35419 4010 18 . . . 35419 4011 1 Still still RB 35419 4011 2 others other NNS 35419 4011 3 are be VBP 35419 4011 4 parasites parasite NNS 35419 4011 5 , , , 35419 4011 6 some some DT 35419 4011 7 external external JJ 35419 4011 8 , , , 35419 4011 9 but but CC 35419 4011 10 most most JJS 35419 4011 11 of of IN 35419 4011 12 them -PRON- PRP 35419 4011 13 living live VBG 35419 4011 14 within within IN 35419 4011 15 the the DT 35419 4011 16 bodies body NNS 35419 4011 17 of of IN 35419 4011 18 their -PRON- PRP$ 35419 4011 19 victims victim NNS 35419 4011 20 where where WRB 35419 4011 21 they -PRON- PRP 35419 4011 22 pass pass VBP 35419 4011 23 their -PRON- PRP$ 35419 4011 24 entire entire JJ 35419 4011 25 larval larval JJ 35419 4011 26 life life NN 35419 4011 27 . . . 35419 4012 1 The the DT 35419 4012 2 eggs egg NNS 35419 4012 3 are be VBP 35419 4012 4 laid lay VBN 35419 4012 5 on on RP 35419 4012 6 or or CC 35419 4012 7 in in IN 35419 4012 8 the the DT 35419 4012 9 body body NN 35419 4012 10 of of IN 35419 4012 11 the the DT 35419 4012 12 victim victim NN 35419 4012 13 , , , 35419 4012 14 so so IN 35419 4012 15 that that IN 35419 4012 16 as as RB 35419 4012 17 soon soon RB 35419 4012 18 as as IN 35419 4012 19 one one CD 35419 4012 20 hatches hatch VBZ 35419 4012 21 , , , 35419 4012 22 it -PRON- PRP 35419 4012 23 has have VBZ 35419 4012 24 suitable suitable JJ 35419 4012 25 food food NN 35419 4012 26 . . . 35419 4013 1 The the DT 35419 4013 2 ichneumon ichneumon NN 35419 4013 3 fly fly NN 35419 4013 4 , , , 35419 4013 5 Fig Fig NNP 35419 4013 6 . . . 35419 4014 1 103 103 CD 35419 4014 2 , , , 35419 4014 3 is be VBZ 35419 4014 4 such such PDT 35419 4014 5 a a DT 35419 4014 6 parasite parasite NN 35419 4014 7 ; ; : 35419 4014 8 it -PRON- PRP 35419 4014 9 destroys destroy VBZ 35419 4014 10 millions million NNS 35419 4014 11 of of IN 35419 4014 12 insect insect JJ 35419 4014 13 pests pest NNS 35419 4014 14 . . . 35419 4015 1 It -PRON- PRP 35419 4015 2 has have VBZ 35419 4015 3 a a DT 35419 4015 4 long long JJ 35419 4015 5 and and CC 35419 4015 6 peculiar peculiar JJ 35419 4015 7 ovipositor ovipositor NN 35419 4015 8 with with IN 35419 4015 9 which which WDT 35419 4015 10 it -PRON- PRP 35419 4015 11 drills drill VBZ 35419 4015 12 a a DT 35419 4015 13 hole hole NN 35419 4015 14 into into IN 35419 4015 15 the the DT 35419 4015 16 tree tree NN 35419 4015 17 and and CC 35419 4015 18 deposits deposit VBZ 35419 4015 19 the the DT 35419 4015 20 egg egg NN 35419 4015 21 in in IN 35419 4015 22 a a DT 35419 4015 23 burrow burrow NN 35419 4015 24 of of IN 35419 4015 25 the the DT 35419 4015 26 Pigeon Pigeon NNP 35419 4015 27 Horntail Horntail NNP 35419 4015 28 , , , 35419 4015 29 a a DT 35419 4015 30 wood wood NN 35419 4015 31 wasp wasp NN 35419 4015 32 that that WDT 35419 4015 33 burrows burrow VBZ 35419 4015 34 into into IN 35419 4015 35 deciduous deciduous JJ 35419 4015 36 trees tree NNS 35419 4015 37 . . . 35419 4016 1 The the DT 35419 4016 2 larva larva NN 35419 4016 3 soon soon RB 35419 4016 4 finds find VBZ 35419 4016 5 its -PRON- PRP$ 35419 4016 6 victim victim NN 35419 4016 7 , , , 35419 4016 8 the the DT 35419 4016 9 grub grub NN 35419 4016 10 of of IN 35419 4016 11 the the DT 35419 4016 12 Pigeon Pigeon NNP 35419 4016 13 Horntail Horntail NNP 35419 4016 14 , , , 35419 4016 15 and and CC 35419 4016 16 lives live VBZ 35419 4016 17 on on IN 35419 4016 18 it -PRON- PRP 35419 4016 19 to to IN 35419 4016 20 its -PRON- PRP$ 35419 4016 21 destruction destruction NN 35419 4016 22 . . . 35419 4017 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 4017 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 4017 3 : : : 35419 4017 4 Fig Fig NNP 35419 4017 5 . . . 35419 4018 1 103 103 CD 35419 4018 2 . . . 35419 4019 1 Ichneumon Ichneumon NNP 35419 4019 2 Fly Fly NNP 35419 4019 3 whose whose WP$ 35419 4019 4 Larva Larva NNP 35419 4019 5 Feeds Feeds NNPS 35419 4019 6 on on IN 35419 4019 7 the the DT 35419 4019 8 Larva Larva NNP 35419 4019 9 of of IN 35419 4019 10 the the DT 35419 4019 11 Pigeon Pigeon NNP 35419 4019 12 Horn Horn NNP 35419 4019 13 - - HYPH 35419 4019 14 tail tail NNP 35419 4019 15 . . . 35419 4019 16 ] ] -RRB- 35419 4020 1 It -PRON- PRP 35419 4020 2 would would MD 35419 4020 3 seem seem VB 35419 4020 4 that that IN 35419 4020 5 it -PRON- PRP 35419 4020 6 is be VBZ 35419 4020 7 a a DT 35419 4020 8 hopeless hopeless JJ 35419 4020 9 task task NN 35419 4020 10 to to TO 35419 4020 11 control control VB 35419 4020 12 the the DT 35419 4020 13 insect insect JJ 35419 4020 14 enemies enemy NNS 35419 4020 15 of of IN 35419 4020 16 forest forest NN 35419 4020 17 trees tree NNS 35419 4020 18 and and CC 35419 4020 19 forest forest NN 35419 4020 20 products product NNS 35419 4020 21 or or CC 35419 4020 22 to to TO 35419 4020 23 prevent prevent VB 35419 4020 24 losses loss NNS 35419 4020 25 from from IN 35419 4020 26 their -PRON- PRP$ 35419 4020 27 ravages ravage NNS 35419 4020 28 , , , 35419 4020 29 but but CC 35419 4020 30 the the DT 35419 4020 31 writer writer NN 35419 4020 32 is be VBZ 35419 4020 33 informed inform VBN 35419 4020 34 by by IN 35419 4020 35 Dr. Dr. NNP 35419 4020 36 A. A. NNP 35419 4020 37 D. D. NNP 35419 4020 38 Hopkins Hopkins NNP 35419 4020 39 , , , 35419 4020 40 the the DT 35419 4020 41 expert expert NN 35419 4020 42 in in IN 35419 4020 43 the the DT 35419 4020 44 Bureau Bureau NNP 35419 4020 45 of of IN 35419 4020 46 Entomology Entomology NNP 35419 4020 47 in in IN 35419 4020 48 charge charge NN 35419 4020 49 of of IN 35419 4020 50 forest forest NN 35419 4020 51 insect insect NN 35419 4020 52 investigations investigation NNS 35419 4020 53 , , , 35419 4020 54 that that IN 35419 4020 55 the the DT 35419 4020 56 results result NNS 35419 4020 57 of of IN 35419 4020 58 their -PRON- PRP$ 35419 4020 59 investigations investigation NNS 35419 4020 60 show show VBP 35419 4020 61 conclusively conclusively RB 35419 4020 62 that that IN 35419 4020 63 there there EX 35419 4020 64 are be VBP 35419 4020 65 many many JJ 35419 4020 66 practical practical JJ 35419 4020 67 and and CC 35419 4020 68 inexpensive inexpensive JJ 35419 4020 69 methods method NNS 35419 4020 70 of of IN 35419 4020 71 control control NN 35419 4020 72 now now RB 35419 4020 73 available available JJ 35419 4020 74 thru thru IN 35419 4020 75 the the DT 35419 4020 76 suggestions suggestion NNS 35419 4020 77 and and CC 35419 4020 78 recommendations recommendation NNS 35419 4020 79 in in IN 35419 4020 80 recent recent JJ 35419 4020 81 Department Department NNP 35419 4020 82 publications publication NNS 35419 4020 83 on on IN 35419 4020 84 forest forest NN 35419 4020 85 insects insect NNS 35419 4020 86 , , , 35419 4020 87 as as RB 35419 4020 88 well well RB 35419 4020 89 as as IN 35419 4020 90 thru thru IN 35419 4020 91 direct direct JJ 35419 4020 92 correspondence correspondence NN 35419 4020 93 with with IN 35419 4020 94 the the DT 35419 4020 95 Department Department NNP 35419 4020 96 . . . 35419 4021 1 These these DT 35419 4021 2 methods method NNS 35419 4021 3 are be VBP 35419 4021 4 based base VBN 35419 4021 5 on on IN 35419 4021 6 the the DT 35419 4021 7 principle principle NN 35419 4021 8 of of IN 35419 4021 9 prevention prevention NN 35419 4021 10 and and CC 35419 4021 11 not not RB 35419 4021 12 on on IN 35419 4021 13 that that DT 35419 4021 14 of of IN 35419 4021 15 extermination extermination NN 35419 4021 16 . . . 35419 4022 1 It -PRON- PRP 35419 4022 2 has have VBZ 35419 4022 3 been be VBN 35419 4022 4 shown show VBN 35419 4022 5 that that IN 35419 4022 6 thru thru IN 35419 4022 7 proper proper JJ 35419 4022 8 adjustment adjustment NN 35419 4022 9 of of IN 35419 4022 10 the the DT 35419 4022 11 details detail NNS 35419 4022 12 in in IN 35419 4022 13 management management NN 35419 4022 14 of of IN 35419 4022 15 forests forest NNS 35419 4022 16 and and CC 35419 4022 17 of of IN 35419 4022 18 the the DT 35419 4022 19 business business NN 35419 4022 20 of of IN 35419 4022 21 manufacturing manufacturing NN 35419 4022 22 , , , 35419 4022 23 storing store VBG 35419 4022 24 , , , 35419 4022 25 transporting transporting NN 35419 4022 26 , , , 35419 4022 27 and and CC 35419 4022 28 utilizing utilize VBG 35419 4022 29 the the DT 35419 4022 30 products product NNS 35419 4022 31 a a DT 35419 4022 32 large large JJ 35419 4022 33 percentage percentage NN 35419 4022 34 of of IN 35419 4022 35 the the DT 35419 4022 36 losses loss NNS 35419 4022 37 can can MD 35419 4022 38 be be VB 35419 4022 39 prevented prevent VBN 35419 4022 40 at at IN 35419 4022 41 small small JJ 35419 4022 42 additional additional JJ 35419 4022 43 expense expense NN 35419 4022 44 , , , 35419 4022 45 and and CC 35419 4022 46 that that IN 35419 4022 47 even even RB 35419 4022 48 when when WRB 35419 4022 49 considerable considerable JJ 35419 4022 50 cost cost NN 35419 4022 51 is be VBZ 35419 4022 52 involved involve VBN 35419 4022 53 the the DT 35419 4022 54 amount amount NN 35419 4022 55 saved save VBN 35419 4022 56 will will MD 35419 4022 57 often often RB 35419 4022 58 represent represent VB 35419 4022 59 a a DT 35419 4022 60 handsome handsome JJ 35419 4022 61 profit profit NN 35419 4022 62 . . . 35419 4023 1 THE the DT 35419 4023 2 NATURAL natural JJ 35419 4023 3 ENEMIES enemy NNS 35419 4023 4 OF of IN 35419 4023 5 THE the DT 35419 4023 6 FOREST FOREST NNP 35419 4023 7 . . . 35419 4024 1 REFERENCES:[A REFERENCES:[A NNP 35419 4024 2 ] ] -RRB- 35419 4024 3 ( ( -LRB- 35419 4024 4 1 1 LS 35419 4024 5 ) ) -RRB- 35419 4024 6 Meterological meterological JJ 35419 4024 7 . . . 35419 4025 1 Pinchot pinchot JJ 35419 4025 2 , , , 35419 4025 3 _ _ NNP 35419 4025 4 Primer Primer NNP 35419 4025 5 _ _ NNP 35419 4025 6 I I NNP 35419 4025 7 , , , 35419 4025 8 pp pp NNP 35419 4025 9 . . . 35419 4026 1 75 75 CD 35419 4026 2 - - SYM 35419 4026 3 76 76 CD 35419 4026 4 . . . 35419 4027 1 Roth Roth NNP 35419 4027 2 , , , 35419 4027 3 _ _ NNP 35419 4027 4 First First NNP 35419 4027 5 Book Book NNP 35419 4027 6 _ _ NNP 35419 4027 7 , , , 35419 4027 8 _ _ NNP 35419 4027 9 pp pp NNP 35419 4027 10 . . . 35419 4027 11 _ _ NNP 35419 4027 12 198 198 CD 35419 4027 13 - - HYPH 35419 4027 14 202 202 CD 35419 4027 15 . . . 35419 4028 1 Bruncken Bruncken NNP 35419 4028 2 , , , 35419 4028 3 pp pp ADD 35419 4028 4 . . . 35419 4029 1 27 27 CD 35419 4029 2 - - SYM 35419 4029 3 29 29 CD 35419 4029 4 . . . 35419 4030 1 Water water NN 35419 4030 2 . . . 35419 4031 1 Roth Roth NNP 35419 4031 2 , , , 35419 4031 3 _ _ NNP 35419 4031 4 First First NNP 35419 4031 5 Book Book NNP 35419 4031 6 _ _ NNP 35419 4031 7 , , , 35419 4031 8 p. p. NN 35419 4031 9 27 27 CD 35419 4031 10 . . . 35419 4032 1 Snow snow NN 35419 4032 2 , , , 35419 4032 3 ice ice NN 35419 4032 4 and and CC 35419 4032 5 frost frost NN 35419 4032 6 . . . 35419 4033 1 Pinchot pinchot JJ 35419 4033 2 , , , 35419 4033 3 _ _ NNP 35419 4033 4 Primer Primer NNP 35419 4033 5 _ _ NNP 35419 4033 6 , , , 35419 4033 7 I -PRON- PRP 35419 4033 8 , , , 35419 4033 9 p. p. NN 35419 4033 10 76 76 CD 35419 4033 11 . . . 35419 4034 1 Bruce Bruce NNP 35419 4034 2 , , , 35419 4034 3 _ _ NNP 35419 4034 4 For for IN 35419 4034 5 . . . 35419 4035 1 and and CC 35419 4035 2 Irr Irr NNP 35419 4035 3 . . . 35419 4035 4 _ _ NNP 35419 4035 5 , , , 35419 4035 6 8 8 CD 35419 4035 7 : : SYM 35419 4035 8 159 159 CD 35419 4035 9 , , , 35419 4035 10 Ap Ap NNP 35419 4035 11 . . . 35419 4036 1 ' ' `` 35419 4036 2 02 02 CD 35419 4036 3 . . . 35419 4037 1 ( ( -LRB- 35419 4037 2 2 2 LS 35419 4037 3 ) ) -RRB- 35419 4037 4 Vegetable vegetable NN 35419 4037 5 . . . 35419 4038 1 Roth Roth NNP 35419 4038 2 , , , 35419 4038 3 _ _ NNP 35419 4038 4 First First NNP 35419 4038 5 Book Book NNP 35419 4038 6 _ _ NNP 35419 4038 7 , , , 35419 4038 8 p. p. NN 35419 4038 9 4 4 CD 35419 4038 10 . . . 35419 4039 1 Boulger boulger NN 35419 4039 2 , , , 35419 4039 3 pp pp NNP 35419 4039 4 . . . 35419 4040 1 70 70 CD 35419 4040 2 - - SYM 35419 4040 3 75 75 CD 35419 4040 4 . . . 35419 4041 1 Spaulding spaulding NN 35419 4041 2 , , , 35419 4041 3 _ _ NNP 35419 4041 4 For for IN 35419 4041 5 . . . 35419 4042 1 Bull Bull NNP 35419 4042 2 . . . 35419 4042 3 _ _ NNP 35419 4042 4 , , , 35419 4042 5 No no UH 35419 4042 6 . . . 35419 4043 1 22 22 CD 35419 4043 2 . . . 35419 4044 1 Ward Ward NNP 35419 4044 2 , , , 35419 4044 3 Chaps Chaps NNP 35419 4044 4 . . . 35419 4045 1 V V NNP 35419 4045 2 , , , 35419 4045 3 VI VI NNP 35419 4045 4 , , , 35419 4045 5 VII VII NNP 35419 4045 6 . . . 35419 4046 1 Sickles Sickles NNP 35419 4046 2 , , , 35419 4046 3 pp pp NNP 35419 4046 4 . . . 35419 4047 1 41 41 CD 35419 4047 2 - - SYM 35419 4047 3 45 45 CD 35419 4047 4 . . . 35419 4047 5 von von NNP 35419 4047 6 Schrenck Schrenck NNP 35419 4047 7 , , , 35419 4047 8 _ _ NNP 35419 4047 9 For for IN 35419 4047 10 . . . 35419 4048 1 Bull Bull NNP 35419 4048 2 . . . 35419 4048 3 _ _ NNP 35419 4048 4 , , , 35419 4048 5 No no UH 35419 4048 6 . . . 35419 4049 1 41 41 CD 35419 4049 2 , , , 35419 4049 3 Pl Pl NNP 35419 4049 4 . . . 35419 4050 1 III iii CD 35419 4050 2 . . . 35419 4051 1 Sherfesee Sherfesee NNP 35419 4051 2 . . . 35419 4052 1 _ _ NNP 35419 4052 2 For for IN 35419 4052 3 . . . 35419 4053 1 Circ Circ NNP 35419 4053 2 . . . 35419 4053 3 _ _ NNP 35419 4053 4 No no UH 35419 4053 5 . . . 35419 4054 1 139 139 CD 35419 4054 2 . . . 35419 4054 3 von von NNP 35419 4054 4 Schrenck Schrenck NNP 35419 4054 5 , , , 35419 4054 6 _ _ NNP 35419 4054 7 Bur Bur NNP 35419 4054 8 . . . 35419 4055 1 Plant Plant NNP 35419 4055 2 Ind. Indiana NNP 35419 4056 1 Bull Bull NNP 35419 4056 2 . . . 35419 4056 3 _ _ NNP 35419 4056 4 No no UH 35419 4056 5 . . . 35419 4057 1 36 36 CD 35419 4057 2 . . . 35419 4057 3 von von NNP 35419 4057 4 Schrenck Schrenck NNP 35419 4057 5 , , , 35419 4057 6 _ _ NNP 35419 4057 7 Bur Bur NNP 35419 4057 8 . . . 35419 4058 1 Plant Plant NNP 35419 4058 2 Ind. Indiana NNP 35419 4059 1 Bull Bull NNP 35419 4059 2 . . . 35419 4059 3 _ _ NNP 35419 4059 4 No no UH 35419 4059 5 . . . 35419 4060 1 32 32 CD 35419 4060 2 . . . 35419 4060 3 von von NNP 35419 4060 4 Schrenck Schrenck NNP 35419 4060 5 , , , 35419 4060 6 _ _ NNP 35419 4060 7 Agric Agric NNP 35419 4060 8 . . . 35419 4061 1 Yr yr UH 35419 4061 2 . . . 35419 4061 3 Bk Bk NNP 35419 4061 4 . . . 35419 4061 5 _ _ NNP 35419 4061 6 , , , 35419 4061 7 1900 1900 CD 35419 4061 8 , , , 35419 4061 9 p. p. NN 35419 4061 10 199 199 CD 35419 4061 11 . . . 35419 4062 1 ( ( -LRB- 35419 4062 2 3 3 LS 35419 4062 3 ) ) -RRB- 35419 4062 4 Animal animal NN 35419 4062 5 . . . 35419 4063 1 Grazing grazing NN 35419 4063 2 . . . 35419 4064 1 Pinchot pinchot JJ 35419 4064 2 , , , 35419 4064 3 _ _ NNP 35419 4064 4 Primer Primer NNP 35419 4064 5 I -PRON- PRP 35419 4064 6 _ _ NNP 35419 4064 7 , , , 35419 4064 8 pp pp NNP 35419 4064 9 . . . 35419 4065 1 69 69 CD 35419 4065 2 - - SYM 35419 4065 3 73 73 CD 35419 4065 4 , , , 35419 4065 5 II II NNP 35419 4065 6 , , , 35419 4065 7 p. p. NN 35419 4065 8 73 73 CD 35419 4065 9 . . . 35419 4066 1 Pinchot pinchot JJ 35419 4066 2 , , , 35419 4066 3 _ _ NNP 35419 4066 4 Agric Agric NNP 35419 4066 5 . . . 35419 4067 1 Yr yr UH 35419 4067 2 . . . 35419 4067 3 Bk Bk NNP 35419 4067 4 . . . 35419 4067 5 _ _ NNP 35419 4067 6 , , , 35419 4067 7 1898 1898 CD 35419 4067 8 , , , 35419 4067 9 p. p. NN 35419 4067 10 187 187 CD 35419 4067 11 Coville Coville NNP 35419 4067 12 , , , 35419 4067 13 _ _ NNP 35419 4067 14 For for IN 35419 4067 15 . . . 35419 4068 1 Bull Bull NNP 35419 4068 2 . . . 35419 4068 3 _ _ NNP 35419 4068 4 No no UH 35419 4068 5 . . . 35419 4069 1 15 15 CD 35419 4069 2 , , , 35419 4069 3 pp pp NNP 35419 4069 4 . . . 35419 4070 1 28 28 CD 35419 4070 2 - - SYM 35419 4070 3 31 31 CD 35419 4070 4 . . . 35419 4071 1 Roth Roth NNP 35419 4071 2 , , , 35419 4071 3 _ _ NNP 35419 4071 4 First First NNP 35419 4071 5 Bk Bk NNP 35419 4071 6 . . . 35419 4071 7 _ _ NNP 35419 4071 8 , , , 35419 4071 9 p. p. NN 35419 4071 10 130 130 CD 35419 4071 11 , , , 35419 4071 12 178 178 CD 35419 4071 13 . . . 35419 4072 1 Insects insect NNS 35419 4072 2 . . . 35419 4073 1 Comstock comstock NN 35419 4073 2 , , , 35419 4073 3 passim passim NN 35419 4073 4 . . . 35419 4074 1 Hopkins Hopkins NNP 35419 4074 2 , , , 35419 4074 3 _ _ NNP 35419 4074 4 Agric Agric NNP 35419 4074 5 . . . 35419 4075 1 Yr yr UH 35419 4075 2 . . . 35419 4075 3 Bk Bk NNP 35419 4075 4 . . . 35419 4075 5 _ _ NNP 35419 4075 6 , , , 35419 4075 7 1902 1902 CD 35419 4075 8 , , , 35419 4075 9 pp pp NNP 35419 4075 10 . . . 35419 4076 1 265 265 CD 35419 4076 2 - - SYM 35419 4076 3 282 282 CD 35419 4076 4 . . . 35419 4077 1 Roth Roth NNP 35419 4077 2 , , , 35419 4077 3 _ _ NNP 35419 4077 4 First First NNP 35419 4077 5 Book Book NNP 35419 4077 6 _ _ NNP 35419 4077 7 , , , 35419 4077 8 pp pp NNP 35419 4077 9 . . . 35419 4078 1 115 115 CD 35419 4078 2 - - SYM 35419 4078 3 130 130 CD 35419 4078 4 . . . 35419 4079 1 Howard Howard NNP 35419 4079 2 , , , 35419 4079 3 _ _ NNP 35419 4079 4 Entom Entom NNP 35419 4079 5 . . . 35419 4080 1 Bull Bull NNP 35419 4080 2 . . . 35419 4080 3 _ _ NNP 35419 4080 4 , , , 35419 4080 5 No no UH 35419 4080 6 . . . 35419 4081 1 11 11 CD 35419 4081 2 , , , 35419 4081 3 n. n. NNP 35419 4081 4 s. s. NNP 35419 4081 5 Hopkins Hopkins NNP 35419 4081 6 , , , 35419 4081 7 Spaulding Spaulding NNP 35419 4081 8 , , , 35419 4081 9 _ _ NNP 35419 4081 10 Entom Entom NNP 35419 4081 11 . . . 35419 4082 1 Bull Bull NNP 35419 4082 2 . . . 35419 4082 3 _ _ NNP 35419 4082 4 , , , 35419 4082 5 No no UH 35419 4082 6 . . . 35419 4083 1 28 28 CD 35419 4083 2 . . . 35419 4084 1 Hopkins Hopkins NNP 35419 4084 2 , , , 35419 4084 3 _ _ NNP 35419 4084 4 Entom Entom NNP 35419 4084 5 . . . 35419 4085 1 Bull Bull NNP 35419 4085 2 . . . 35419 4085 3 _ _ NNP 35419 4085 4 , , , 35419 4085 5 No no UH 35419 4085 6 . . . 35419 4086 1 48 48 CD 35419 4086 2 . . . 35419 4087 1 Hopkins Hopkins NNP 35419 4087 2 , , , 35419 4087 3 _ _ NNP 35419 4087 4 Agric Agric NNP 35419 4087 5 . . . 35419 4088 1 Yr yr UH 35419 4088 2 . . . 35419 4088 3 Bk Bk NNP 35419 4088 4 . . . 35419 4088 5 _ _ NNP 35419 4088 6 , , , 35419 4088 7 1903 1903 CD 35419 4088 8 , , , 35419 4088 9 pp pp NNP 35419 4088 10 . . . 35419 4089 1 313 313 CD 35419 4089 2 - - SYM 35419 4089 3 329 329 CD 35419 4089 4 . . . 35419 4090 1 Hopkins Hopkins NNP 35419 4090 2 , , , 35419 4090 3 _ _ NNP 35419 4090 4 Agric Agric NNP 35419 4090 5 . . . 35419 4091 1 Yr yr UH 35419 4091 2 . . . 35419 4091 3 Bk Bk NNP 35419 4091 4 . . . 35419 4091 5 _ _ NNP 35419 4091 6 , , , 35419 4091 7 1904 1904 CD 35419 4091 8 , , , 35419 4091 9 pp pp NNP 35419 4091 10 . . . 35419 4092 1 382 382 CD 35419 4092 2 - - SYM 35419 4092 3 389 389 CD 35419 4092 4 , , , 35419 4092 5 Figs fig NNS 35419 4092 6 . . . 35419 4093 1 43 43 CD 35419 4093 2 - - SYM 35419 4093 3 56 56 CD 35419 4093 4 . . . 35419 4094 1 Pinchot pinchot JJ 35419 4094 2 , , , 35419 4094 3 _ _ NNP 35419 4094 4 Primer Primer NNP 35419 4094 5 _ _ NNP 35419 4094 6 , , , 35419 4094 7 I -PRON- PRP 35419 4094 8 , , , 35419 4094 9 p. p. NN 35419 4094 10 73 73 CD 35419 4094 11 . . . 35419 4095 1 Felt Felt NNP 35419 4095 2 , , , 35419 4095 3 N. N. NNP 35419 4095 4 Y. Y. NNP 35419 4096 1 _ _ NNP 35419 4096 2 State State NNP 35419 4096 3 Museum Museum NNP 35419 4096 4 Bull Bull NNP 35419 4096 5 . . . 35419 4096 6 _ _ NNP 35419 4096 7 , , , 35419 4096 8 103 103 CD 35419 4096 9 , , , 35419 4096 10 Ent Ent NNS 35419 4096 11 . . . 35419 4097 1 25 25 CD 35419 4097 2 . . . 35419 4098 1 Hopkins Hopkins NNP 35419 4098 2 , , , 35419 4098 3 _ _ NNP 35419 4098 4 Entom Entom NNP 35419 4098 5 . . . 35419 4099 1 Bull Bull NNP 35419 4099 2 . . . 35419 4099 3 _ _ NNP 35419 4099 4 No no UH 35419 4099 5 . . . 35419 4100 1 32 32 CD 35419 4100 2 . . . 35419 4101 1 Hopkins Hopkins NNP 35419 4101 2 , , , 35419 4101 3 _ _ NNP 35419 4101 4 Entom Entom NNP 35419 4101 5 . . . 35419 4102 1 Bull Bull NNP 35419 4102 2 . . . 35419 4102 3 _ _ NNP 35419 4102 4 No no UH 35419 4102 5 . . . 35419 4103 1 56 56 CD 35419 4103 2 . . . 35419 4104 1 Hopkins Hopkins NNP 35419 4104 2 , , , 35419 4104 3 _ _ NNP 35419 4104 4 Entom Entom NNP 35419 4104 5 . . . 35419 4105 1 Bull Bull NNP 35419 4105 2 . . . 35419 4105 3 _ _ NNP 35419 4105 4 No no UH 35419 4105 5 . . . 35419 4106 1 58 58 CD 35419 4106 2 . . . 35419 4107 1 Spaulding Spaulding NNP 35419 4107 2 and and CC 35419 4107 3 Chittenden Chittenden NNP 35419 4107 4 , , , 35419 4107 5 _ _ NNP 35419 4107 6 For for IN 35419 4107 7 . . . 35419 4108 1 Bull Bull NNP 35419 4108 2 . . . 35419 4108 3 _ _ NNP 35419 4108 4 No no UH 35419 4108 5 . . . 35419 4109 1 22 22 CD 35419 4109 2 , , , 35419 4109 3 pp pp NNP 35419 4109 4 . . . 35419 4110 1 55 55 CD 35419 4110 2 - - SYM 35419 4110 3 61 61 CD 35419 4110 4 . . . 35419 4111 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 4111 2 Footnote Footnote NNP 35419 4111 3 A A NNP 35419 4111 4 : : : 35419 4111 5 For for IN 35419 4111 6 general general JJ 35419 4111 7 bibliography bibliography NN 35419 4111 8 , , , 35419 4111 9 see see VB 35419 4111 10 p. p. NN 35419 4112 1 4 4 LS 35419 4112 2 . . . 35419 4112 3 ] ] -RRB- 35419 4113 1 CHAPTER CHAPTER NNP 35419 4113 2 VII VII NNP 35419 4113 3 . . . 35419 4114 1 THE the DT 35419 4114 2 EXHAUSTION exhaustion NN 35419 4114 3 OF of IN 35419 4114 4 THE the DT 35419 4114 5 FOREST FOREST NNP 35419 4114 6 . . . 35419 4115 1 The the DT 35419 4115 2 exhaustion exhaustion NN 35419 4115 3 of of IN 35419 4115 4 the the DT 35419 4115 5 forest forest NN 35419 4115 6 in in IN 35419 4115 7 the the DT 35419 4115 8 United United NNP 35419 4115 9 States States NNP 35419 4115 10 is be VBZ 35419 4115 11 due due JJ 35419 4115 12 to to IN 35419 4115 13 two two CD 35419 4115 14 main main JJ 35419 4115 15 causes cause NNS 35419 4115 16 : : : 35419 4115 17 ( ( -LRB- 35419 4115 18 1 1 LS 35419 4115 19 ) ) -RRB- 35419 4115 20 Fire fire NN 35419 4115 21 , , , 35419 4115 22 and and CC 35419 4115 23 ( ( -LRB- 35419 4115 24 2 2 LS 35419 4115 25 ) ) -RRB- 35419 4115 26 Destructive Destructive NNP 35419 4115 27 Lumbering lumbering NN 35419 4115 28 . . . 35419 4116 1 FIRE FIRE NNP 35419 4116 2 . . . 35419 4117 1 It -PRON- PRP 35419 4117 2 is be VBZ 35419 4117 3 not not RB 35419 4117 4 commonly commonly RB 35419 4117 5 realized realize VBN 35419 4117 6 that that IN 35419 4117 7 forest forest NN 35419 4117 8 fires fire NNS 35419 4117 9 are be VBP 35419 4117 10 almost almost RB 35419 4117 11 entirely entirely RB 35419 4117 12 the the DT 35419 4117 13 result result NN 35419 4117 14 of of IN 35419 4117 15 human human JJ 35419 4117 16 agency agency NN 35419 4117 17 . . . 35419 4118 1 When when WRB 35419 4118 2 cruisers cruiser NNS 35419 4118 3 first first RB 35419 4118 4 began begin VBD 35419 4118 5 to to TO 35419 4118 6 locate locate VB 35419 4118 7 claims claim NNS 35419 4118 8 in in IN 35419 4118 9 this this DT 35419 4118 10 country country NN 35419 4118 11 , , , 35419 4118 12 practically practically RB 35419 4118 13 no no DT 35419 4118 14 regions region NNS 35419 4118 15 had have VBD 35419 4118 16 been be VBN 35419 4118 17 devastated devastate VBN 35419 4118 18 by by IN 35419 4118 19 fire fire NN 35419 4118 20 . . . 35419 4119 1 Now now RB 35419 4119 2 such such JJ 35419 4119 3 regions region NNS 35419 4119 4 are be VBP 35419 4119 5 to to TO 35419 4119 6 be be VB 35419 4119 7 seen see VBN 35419 4119 8 everywhere everywhere RB 35419 4119 9 . . . 35419 4120 1 Altho Altho NNP 35419 4120 2 lightning lightning NN 35419 4120 3 occasionally occasionally RB 35419 4120 4 sets set VBZ 35419 4120 5 fire fire NN 35419 4120 6 to to IN 35419 4120 7 forests forest NNS 35419 4120 8 , , , 35419 4120 9 especially especially RB 35419 4120 10 in in IN 35419 4120 11 the the DT 35419 4120 12 Rocky Rocky NNP 35419 4120 13 Mountains Mountains NNPS 35419 4120 14 , , , 35419 4120 15 the the DT 35419 4120 16 losses loss NNS 35419 4120 17 from from IN 35419 4120 18 this this DT 35419 4120 19 cause cause NN 35419 4120 20 are be VBP 35419 4120 21 trifling trifle VBG 35419 4120 22 compared compare VBN 35419 4120 23 with with IN 35419 4120 24 the the DT 35419 4120 25 total total JJ 35419 4120 26 loss loss NN 35419 4120 27 . . . 35419 4121 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 4121 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 4121 3 : : : 35419 4121 4 Fig Fig NNP 35419 4121 5 . . . 35419 4122 1 104 104 CD 35419 4122 2 . . . 35419 4123 1 Slash slash NN 35419 4123 2 , , , 35419 4123 3 Left leave VBN 35419 4123 4 in in IN 35419 4123 5 the the DT 35419 4123 6 Woods Woods NNP 35419 4123 7 , , , 35419 4123 8 and and CC 35419 4123 9 Ready ready JJ 35419 4123 10 to to TO 35419 4123 11 Catch catch VB 35419 4123 12 Fire fire NN 35419 4123 13 . . . 35419 4124 1 _ _ NNP 35419 4124 2 U. U. NNP 35419 4125 1 S. S. NNP 35419 4125 2 Forest Forest NNP 35419 4125 3 Service Service NNP 35419 4125 4 . . . 35419 4125 5 _ _ NNP 35419 4125 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 4125 7 _ _ NNP 35419 4125 8 Opportunities Opportunities NNPS 35419 4125 9 for for IN 35419 4125 10 fire fire NN 35419 4125 11 . . . 35419 4125 12 _ _ NNP 35419 4125 13 There there EX 35419 4125 14 are be VBP 35419 4125 15 a a DT 35419 4125 16 number number NN 35419 4125 17 of of IN 35419 4125 18 facts fact NNS 35419 4125 19 that that WDT 35419 4125 20 make make VBP 35419 4125 21 the the DT 35419 4125 22 forest forest NN 35419 4125 23 peculiarly peculiarly RB 35419 4125 24 liable liable JJ 35419 4125 25 to to IN 35419 4125 26 fire fire NN 35419 4125 27 . . . 35419 4126 1 Especially especially RB 35419 4126 2 in in IN 35419 4126 3 the the DT 35419 4126 4 fall fall NN 35419 4126 5 there there EX 35419 4126 6 are be VBP 35419 4126 7 great great JJ 35419 4126 8 quantities quantity NNS 35419 4126 9 of of IN 35419 4126 10 inflammable inflammable JJ 35419 4126 11 material material NN 35419 4126 12 , , , 35419 4126 13 such such JJ 35419 4126 14 as as IN 35419 4126 15 dry dry JJ 35419 4126 16 leaves leave NNS 35419 4126 17 , , , 35419 4126 18 twigs twig NNS 35419 4126 19 , , , 35419 4126 20 and and CC 35419 4126 21 duff duff NN 35419 4126 22 lying lie VBG 35419 4126 23 loose loose JJ 35419 4126 24 ready ready JJ 35419 4126 25 for for IN 35419 4126 26 ignition ignition NN 35419 4126 27 . . . 35419 4127 1 The the DT 35419 4127 2 bark bark NN 35419 4127 3 of of IN 35419 4127 4 some some DT 35419 4127 5 trees tree NNS 35419 4127 6 , , , 35419 4127 7 as as IN 35419 4127 8 " " `` 35419 4127 9 paper paper NN 35419 4127 10 birch birch NN 35419 4127 11 , , , 35419 4127 12 " " '' 35419 4127 13 and and CC 35419 4127 14 the the DT 35419 4127 15 leaves leave NNS 35419 4127 16 of of IN 35419 4127 17 others other NNS 35419 4127 18 , , , 35419 4127 19 as as IN 35419 4127 20 conifers conifer NNS 35419 4127 21 , , , 35419 4127 22 are be VBP 35419 4127 23 very very RB 35419 4127 24 inflammable inflammable JJ 35419 4127 25 . . . 35419 4128 1 It -PRON- PRP 35419 4128 2 follows follow VBZ 35419 4128 3 that that IN 35419 4128 4 fires fire NNS 35419 4128 5 are be VBP 35419 4128 6 more more RBR 35419 4128 7 common common JJ 35419 4128 8 in in IN 35419 4128 9 coniferous coniferous JJ 35419 4128 10 than than IN 35419 4128 11 in in IN 35419 4128 12 deciduous deciduous JJ 35419 4128 13 forests forest NNS 35419 4128 14 . . . 35419 4129 1 After after IN 35419 4129 2 lumbering lumber VBG 35419 4129 3 or or CC 35419 4129 4 windfalls windfall NNS 35419 4129 5 , , , 35419 4129 6 the the DT 35419 4129 7 accumulated accumulate VBN 35419 4129 8 " " `` 35419 4129 9 slash slash NN 35419 4129 10 " " '' 35419 4129 11 burns burn NNS 35419 4129 12 easily easily RB 35419 4129 13 and and CC 35419 4129 14 furiously furiously RB 35419 4129 15 , , , 35419 4129 16 Fig Fig NNP 35419 4129 17 . . . 35419 4130 1 104 104 CD 35419 4130 2 . . . 35419 4131 1 Moreover moreover RB 35419 4131 2 a a DT 35419 4131 3 region region NN 35419 4131 4 once once RB 35419 4131 5 burned burn VBD 35419 4131 6 over over RB 35419 4131 7 , , , 35419 4131 8 is be VBZ 35419 4131 9 particularly particularly RB 35419 4131 10 liable liable JJ 35419 4131 11 to to TO 35419 4131 12 burn burn VB 35419 4131 13 again again RB 35419 4131 14 , , , 35419 4131 15 on on IN 35419 4131 16 account account NN 35419 4131 17 of of IN 35419 4131 18 the the DT 35419 4131 19 accumulation accumulation NN 35419 4131 20 of of IN 35419 4131 21 dry dry JJ 35419 4131 22 trunks trunk NNS 35419 4131 23 and and CC 35419 4131 24 branches branch NNS 35419 4131 25 . . . 35419 4132 1 See see VB 35419 4132 2 Fig Fig NNP 35419 4132 3 . . . 35419 4133 1 107 107 CD 35419 4133 2 . . . 35419 4134 1 Long long JJ 35419 4134 2 dry dry JJ 35419 4134 3 seasons season NNS 35419 4134 4 and and CC 35419 4134 5 high high JJ 35419 4134 6 wind wind NN 35419 4134 7 furnish furnish NN 35419 4134 8 particularly particularly RB 35419 4134 9 favorable favorable JJ 35419 4134 10 conditions condition NNS 35419 4134 11 for for IN 35419 4134 12 fire fire NN 35419 4134 13 . . . 35419 4135 1 On on IN 35419 4135 2 the the DT 35419 4135 3 other other JJ 35419 4135 4 hand hand NN 35419 4135 5 , , , 35419 4135 6 the the DT 35419 4135 7 wind wind NN 35419 4135 8 by by IN 35419 4135 9 changing change VBG 35419 4135 10 in in IN 35419 4135 11 direction direction NN 35419 4135 12 may may MD 35419 4135 13 extinguish extinguish VB 35419 4135 14 the the DT 35419 4135 15 fire fire NN 35419 4135 16 by by IN 35419 4135 17 turning turn VBG 35419 4135 18 it -PRON- PRP 35419 4135 19 back back RB 35419 4135 20 upon upon IN 35419 4135 21 its -PRON- PRP$ 35419 4135 22 track track NN 35419 4135 23 . . . 35419 4136 1 Indeed indeed RB 35419 4136 2 the the DT 35419 4136 3 destructive destructive JJ 35419 4136 4 power power NN 35419 4136 5 of of IN 35419 4136 6 fires fire NNS 35419 4136 7 depends depend VBZ 35419 4136 8 largely largely RB 35419 4136 9 upon upon IN 35419 4136 10 the the DT 35419 4136 11 wind wind NN 35419 4136 12 . . . 35419 4137 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 4137 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 4137 3 : : : 35419 4137 4 Fig Fig NNP 35419 4137 5 . . . 35419 4138 1 105 105 CD 35419 4138 2 . . . 35419 4139 1 Forest forest NN 35419 4139 2 Fire fire NN 35419 4139 3 . . . 35419 4140 1 _ _ NNP 35419 4140 2 U. U. NNP 35419 4141 1 S. S. NNP 35419 4141 2 Forest Forest NNP 35419 4141 3 Service Service NNP 35419 4141 4 . . . 35419 4141 5 _ _ NNP 35419 4141 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 4141 7 _ _ NNP 35419 4141 8 Causes Causes NNPS 35419 4141 9 of of IN 35419 4141 10 fire fire NN 35419 4141 11 . . . 35419 4141 12 _ _ NNP 35419 4141 13 Forest Forest NNP 35419 4141 14 fires fire NNS 35419 4141 15 are be VBP 35419 4141 16 due due JJ 35419 4141 17 to to IN 35419 4141 18 all all DT 35419 4141 19 sorts sort NNS 35419 4141 20 of of IN 35419 4141 21 causes cause NNS 35419 4141 22 , , , 35419 4141 23 accidental accidental JJ 35419 4141 24 and and CC 35419 4141 25 intentional intentional JJ 35419 4141 26 . . . 35419 4142 1 Dropped drop VBN 35419 4142 2 matches match NNS 35419 4142 3 , , , 35419 4142 4 smouldering smoulder VBG 35419 4142 5 tobacco tobacco NN 35419 4142 6 , , , 35419 4142 7 neglected neglect VBD 35419 4142 8 camp camp NN 35419 4142 9 fires fire NNS 35419 4142 10 and and CC 35419 4142 11 brush brush NN 35419 4142 12 fires fire NNS 35419 4142 13 , , , 35419 4142 14 locomotive locomotive JJ 35419 4142 15 sparks spark NNS 35419 4142 16 , , , 35419 4142 17 may may MD 35419 4142 18 all all DT 35419 4142 19 be be VB 35419 4142 20 accidental accidental JJ 35419 4142 21 causes cause NNS 35419 4142 22 that that IN 35419 4142 23 under under IN 35419 4142 24 favorable favorable JJ 35419 4142 25 conditions condition NNS 35419 4142 26 entail entail VBP 35419 4142 27 tremendous tremendous JJ 35419 4142 28 loss loss NN 35419 4142 29 . . . 35419 4143 1 There there EX 35419 4143 2 is be VBZ 35419 4143 3 good good JJ 35419 4143 4 reason reason NN 35419 4143 5 to to TO 35419 4143 6 believe believe VB 35419 4143 7 that that IN 35419 4143 8 many many JJ 35419 4143 9 forest forest NN 35419 4143 10 fires fire NNS 35419 4143 11 are be VBP 35419 4143 12 set set VBN 35419 4143 13 intentionally intentionally RB 35419 4143 14 . . . 35419 4144 1 The the DT 35419 4144 2 fact fact NN 35419 4144 3 that that IN 35419 4144 4 grass grass NN 35419 4144 5 and and CC 35419 4144 6 berry berry JJ 35419 4144 7 bushes bush NNS 35419 4144 8 will will MD 35419 4144 9 soon soon RB 35419 4144 10 spring spring VB 35419 4144 11 up up RP 35419 4144 12 after after IN 35419 4144 13 a a DT 35419 4144 14 fire fire NN 35419 4144 15 , , , 35419 4144 16 leads lead VBZ 35419 4144 17 sheep sheep NN 35419 4144 18 men man NNS 35419 4144 19 , , , 35419 4144 20 cattle cattle NNS 35419 4144 21 and and CC 35419 4144 22 pig pig NN 35419 4144 23 owners owner NNS 35419 4144 24 , , , 35419 4144 25 and and CC 35419 4144 26 berry berry JJ 35419 4144 27 pickers picker NNS 35419 4144 28 to to TO 35419 4144 29 set set VB 35419 4144 30 fires fire NNS 35419 4144 31 . . . 35419 4145 1 Vast vast JJ 35419 4145 2 areas area NNS 35419 4145 3 are be VBP 35419 4145 4 annually annually RB 35419 4145 5 burned burn VBN 35419 4145 6 over over RP 35419 4145 7 in in IN 35419 4145 8 the the DT 35419 4145 9 United United NNP 35419 4145 10 States States NNP 35419 4145 11 for for IN 35419 4145 12 these these DT 35419 4145 13 reasons reason NNS 35419 4145 14 . . . 35419 4146 1 Most Most JJS 35419 4146 2 fires fire NNS 35419 4146 3 run run VBP 35419 4146 4 only only RB 35419 4146 5 along along IN 35419 4146 6 the the DT 35419 4146 7 surface surface NN 35419 4146 8 of of IN 35419 4146 9 the the DT 35419 4146 10 ground ground NN 35419 4146 11 , , , 35419 4146 12 doing do VBG 35419 4146 13 little little JJ 35419 4146 14 harm harm NN 35419 4146 15 to to IN 35419 4146 16 the the DT 35419 4146 17 big big JJ 35419 4146 18 timber timber NN 35419 4146 19 , , , 35419 4146 20 and and CC 35419 4146 21 if if IN 35419 4146 22 left leave VBN 35419 4146 23 alone alone RB 35419 4146 24 will will MD 35419 4146 25 even even RB 35419 4146 26 go go VB 35419 4146 27 out out IN 35419 4146 28 of of IN 35419 4146 29 themselves -PRON- PRP 35419 4146 30 ; ; : 35419 4146 31 but but CC 35419 4146 32 if if IN 35419 4146 33 the the DT 35419 4146 34 duff duff NN 35419 4146 35 is be VBZ 35419 4146 36 dry dry JJ 35419 4146 37 , , , 35419 4146 38 the the DT 35419 4146 39 fire fire NN 35419 4146 40 may may MD 35419 4146 41 smoulder smoulder VB 35419 4146 42 in in IN 35419 4146 43 it -PRON- PRP 35419 4146 44 a a DT 35419 4146 45 long long JJ 35419 4146 46 time time NN 35419 4146 47 , , , 35419 4146 48 ready ready JJ 35419 4146 49 to to TO 35419 4146 50 break break VB 35419 4146 51 out out RP 35419 4146 52 into into IN 35419 4146 53 flame flame NN 35419 4146 54 when when WRB 35419 4146 55 it -PRON- PRP 35419 4146 56 reaches reach VBZ 35419 4146 57 good good JJ 35419 4146 58 fuel fuel NN 35419 4146 59 or or CC 35419 4146 60 when when WRB 35419 4146 61 it -PRON- PRP 35419 4146 62 is be VBZ 35419 4146 63 fanned fan VBN 35419 4146 64 by by IN 35419 4146 65 the the DT 35419 4146 66 wind wind NN 35419 4146 67 , , , 35419 4146 68 Fig Fig NNP 35419 4146 69 . . . 35419 4147 1 105 105 CD 35419 4147 2 . . . 35419 4148 1 Even even RB 35419 4148 2 these these DT 35419 4148 3 ground ground NN 35419 4148 4 fires fire NNS 35419 4148 5 do do VBP 35419 4148 6 incalculable incalculable JJ 35419 4148 7 damage damage NN 35419 4148 8 to to IN 35419 4148 9 seeds seed NNS 35419 4148 10 and and CC 35419 4148 11 seedlings seedling NNS 35419 4148 12 , , , 35419 4148 13 and and CC 35419 4148 14 the the DT 35419 4148 15 safest safe JJS 35419 4148 16 plan plan NN 35419 4148 17 is be VBZ 35419 4148 18 to to TO 35419 4148 19 put put VB 35419 4148 20 out out RP 35419 4148 21 every every DT 35419 4148 22 fire fire NN 35419 4148 23 no no RB 35419 4148 24 matter matter RB 35419 4148 25 how how WRB 35419 4148 26 small small JJ 35419 4148 27 . . . 35419 4149 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 4149 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 4149 3 : : : 35419 4149 4 Fig Fig NNP 35419 4149 5 . . . 35419 4150 1 106 106 CD 35419 4150 2 . . . 35419 4151 1 Burned Burned NNP 35419 4151 2 Forest Forest NNP 35419 4151 3 of of IN 35419 4151 4 Engelmann Engelmann NNP 35419 4151 5 Spruce Spruce NNP 35419 4151 6 . . . 35419 4152 1 Foreground Foreground NNP 35419 4152 2 , , , 35419 4152 3 Lodgepole Lodgepole NNP 35419 4152 4 Pine Pine NNP 35419 4152 5 Coming come VBG 35419 4152 6 in in RP 35419 4152 7 . . . 35419 4153 1 _ _ NNP 35419 4153 2 U. U. NNP 35419 4154 1 S. S. NNP 35419 4154 2 Forest Forest NNP 35419 4154 3 Service Service NNP 35419 4154 4 . . . 35419 4154 5 _ _ NNP 35419 4154 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 4154 7 Altho Altho NNP 35419 4154 8 it -PRON- PRP 35419 4154 9 is be VBZ 35419 4154 10 true true JJ 35419 4154 11 that that IN 35419 4154 12 the the DT 35419 4154 13 loss loss NN 35419 4154 14 of of IN 35419 4154 15 a a DT 35419 4154 16 forest forest NN 35419 4154 17 is be VBZ 35419 4154 18 not not RB 35419 4154 19 irremediable irremediable JJ 35419 4154 20 because because IN 35419 4154 21 vegetation vegetation NN 35419 4154 22 usually usually RB 35419 4154 23 begins begin VBZ 35419 4154 24 again again RB 35419 4154 25 at at IN 35419 4154 26 once once RB 35419 4154 27 , , , 35419 4154 28 Fig Fig NNP 35419 4154 29 . . . 35419 4155 1 106 106 CD 35419 4155 2 , , , 35419 4155 3 yet yet CC 35419 4155 4 the the DT 35419 4155 5 actual actual JJ 35419 4155 6 damage damage NN 35419 4155 7 is be VBZ 35419 4155 8 almost almost RB 35419 4155 9 incalculable incalculable JJ 35419 4155 10 . . . 35419 4156 1 The the DT 35419 4156 2 tract tract NN 35419 4156 3 may may MD 35419 4156 4 lie lie VB 35419 4156 5 year year NN 35419 4156 6 after after IN 35419 4156 7 year year NN 35419 4156 8 , , , 35419 4156 9 covered cover VBN 35419 4156 10 with with IN 35419 4156 11 only only RB 35419 4156 12 worthless worthless JJ 35419 4156 13 weeds weed NNS 35419 4156 14 and and CC 35419 4156 15 bushes bush NNS 35419 4156 16 , , , 35419 4156 17 and and CC 35419 4156 18 if if IN 35419 4156 19 hilly hilly RB 35419 4156 20 , , , 35419 4156 21 the the DT 35419 4156 22 region region NN 35419 4156 23 at at IN 35419 4156 24 once once RB 35419 4156 25 begins begin VBZ 35419 4156 26 to to TO 35419 4156 27 be be VB 35419 4156 28 eroded erode VBN 35419 4156 29 by by IN 35419 4156 30 the the DT 35419 4156 31 rains rain NNS 35419 4156 32 . . . 35419 4157 1 After after IN 35419 4157 2 the the DT 35419 4157 3 fire fire NN 35419 4157 4 , , , 35419 4157 5 may may MD 35419 4157 6 come come VB 35419 4157 7 high high JJ 35419 4157 8 winds wind NNS 35419 4157 9 that that WDT 35419 4157 10 blow blow VBP 35419 4157 11 down down RP 35419 4157 12 the the DT 35419 4157 13 trunks trunk NNS 35419 4157 14 of of IN 35419 4157 15 the the DT 35419 4157 16 trees tree NNS 35419 4157 17 , , , 35419 4157 18 preparing prepare VBG 35419 4157 19 material material NN 35419 4157 20 for for IN 35419 4157 21 another another DT 35419 4157 22 fire fire NN 35419 4157 23 , , , 35419 4157 24 Fig Fig NNP 35419 4157 25 . . . 35419 4158 1 107 107 CD 35419 4158 2 . . . 35419 4159 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 4159 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 4159 3 : : : 35419 4159 4 Fig Fig NNP 35419 4159 5 . . . 35419 4160 1 107 107 CD 35419 4160 2 . . . 35419 4161 1 Effect effect NN 35419 4161 2 of of IN 35419 4161 3 Fire Fire NNP 35419 4161 4 and and CC 35419 4161 5 Wind Wind NNP 35419 4161 6 . . . 35419 4162 1 Colorado Colorado NNP 35419 4162 2 . . . 35419 4163 1 _ _ NNP 35419 4163 2 U. U. NNP 35419 4164 1 S. S. NNP 35419 4164 2 Forest Forest NNP 35419 4164 3 Service Service NNP 35419 4164 4 . . . 35419 4164 5 _ _ NNP 35419 4164 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 4164 7 The the DT 35419 4164 8 statistics statistic NNS 35419 4164 9 of of IN 35419 4164 10 the the DT 35419 4164 11 actual actual JJ 35419 4164 12 annual annual JJ 35419 4164 13 money money NN 35419 4164 14 loss loss NN 35419 4164 15 of of IN 35419 4164 16 the the DT 35419 4164 17 timber timber NN 35419 4164 18 burned burn VBN 35419 4164 19 in in IN 35419 4164 20 the the DT 35419 4164 21 United United NNP 35419 4164 22 States States NNP 35419 4164 23 are be VBP 35419 4164 24 not not RB 35419 4164 25 gathered gather VBN 35419 4164 26 . . . 35419 4165 1 In in IN 35419 4165 2 1880 1880 CD 35419 4165 3 Professor Professor NNP 35419 4165 4 Sargent Sargent NNP 35419 4165 5 collected collect VBD 35419 4165 6 much much JJ 35419 4165 7 information information NN 35419 4165 8 , , , 35419 4165 9 and and CC 35419 4165 10 in in IN 35419 4165 11 the the DT 35419 4165 12 census census NN 35419 4165 13 of of IN 35419 4165 14 that that DT 35419 4165 15 year year NN 35419 4165 16 ( ( -LRB- 35419 4165 17 10th 10th JJ 35419 4165 18 Census Census NNP 35419 4165 19 , , , 35419 4165 20 Vol Vol NNP 35419 4165 21 . . . 35419 4166 1 IX ix NN 35419 4166 2 ) ) -RRB- 35419 4166 3 reported report VBD 35419 4166 4 10,000,000 10,000,000 CD 35419 4166 5 acres acre NNS 35419 4166 6 burned burn VBD 35419 4166 7 that that DT 35419 4166 8 year year NN 35419 4166 9 at at IN 35419 4166 10 a a DT 35419 4166 11 value value NN 35419 4166 12 of of IN 35419 4166 13 $ $ $ 35419 4166 14 25,000,000 25,000,000 CD 35419 4166 15 . . . 35419 4167 1 In in IN 35419 4167 2 1891 1891 CD 35419 4167 3 , , , 35419 4167 4 the the DT 35419 4167 5 Division Division NNP 35419 4167 6 of of IN 35419 4167 7 Forestry Forestry NNP 35419 4167 8 collected collect VBD 35419 4167 9 authentic authentic JJ 35419 4167 10 records record NNS 35419 4167 11 of of IN 35419 4167 12 12,000,000 12,000,000 CD 35419 4167 13 acres acre NNS 35419 4167 14 burned burn VBN 35419 4167 15 over over RB 35419 4167 16 in in IN 35419 4167 17 a a DT 35419 4167 18 single single JJ 35419 4167 19 year year NN 35419 4167 20 , , , 35419 4167 21 at at IN 35419 4167 22 an an DT 35419 4167 23 estimated estimate VBN 35419 4167 24 value value NN 35419 4167 25 of of IN 35419 4167 26 $ $ $ 35419 4167 27 50,000,000 50,000,000 CD 35419 4167 28 . . . 35419 4168 1 In in IN 35419 4168 2 the the DT 35419 4168 3 Adironacks Adironacks NNPS 35419 4168 4 in in IN 35419 4168 5 the the DT 35419 4168 6 spring spring NN 35419 4168 7 of of IN 35419 4168 8 1903 1903 CD 35419 4168 9 , , , 35419 4168 10 an an DT 35419 4168 11 unprecedentedly unprecedentedly RB 35419 4168 12 dry dry JJ 35419 4168 13 season season NN 35419 4168 14 , , , 35419 4168 15 fire fire NN 35419 4168 16 after after IN 35419 4168 17 fire fire NN 35419 4168 18 caused cause VBD 35419 4168 19 a a DT 35419 4168 20 direct direct JJ 35419 4168 21 loss loss NN 35419 4168 22 of of IN 35419 4168 23 about about IN 35419 4168 24 $ $ $ 35419 4168 25 3,500,000 3,500,000 CD 35419 4168 26 . . . 35419 4169 1 In in IN 35419 4169 2 1902 1902 CD 35419 4169 3 , , , 35419 4169 4 a a DT 35419 4169 5 fire fire NN 35419 4169 6 on on IN 35419 4169 7 the the DT 35419 4169 8 dividing divide VBG 35419 4169 9 line line NN 35419 4169 10 between between IN 35419 4169 11 Washington Washington NNP 35419 4169 12 and and CC 35419 4169 13 Oregon Oregon NNP 35419 4169 14 destroyed destroy VBD 35419 4169 15 property property NN 35419 4169 16 amounting amount VBG 35419 4169 17 to to IN 35419 4169 18 $ $ $ 35419 4169 19 12,000,000 12,000,000 CD 35419 4169 20 . . . 35419 4170 1 Within within IN 35419 4170 2 comparatively comparatively RB 35419 4170 3 recent recent JJ 35419 4170 4 years year NNS 35419 4170 5 , , , 35419 4170 6 the the DT 35419 4170 7 Pacific Pacific NNP 35419 4170 8 Coast Coast NNP 35419 4170 9 states state NNS 35419 4170 10 have have VBP 35419 4170 11 lost lose VBN 35419 4170 12 over over IN 35419 4170 13 $ $ $ 35419 4170 14 100,000,000 100,000,000 CD 35419 4170 15 worth worth NN 35419 4170 16 of of IN 35419 4170 17 timber timber NN 35419 4170 18 by by IN 35419 4170 19 fire fire NN 35419 4170 20 alone alone RB 35419 4170 21 . . . 35419 4171 1 During during IN 35419 4171 2 September September NNP 35419 4171 3 , , , 35419 4171 4 1908 1908 CD 35419 4171 5 , , , 35419 4171 6 forest forest NN 35419 4171 7 fires fire NNS 35419 4171 8 raged rage VBD 35419 4171 9 in in IN 35419 4171 10 Minnesota Minnesota NNP 35419 4171 11 , , , 35419 4171 12 Michigan Michigan NNP 35419 4171 13 , , , 35419 4171 14 Wisconsin Wisconsin NNP 35419 4171 15 , , , 35419 4171 16 Maine Maine NNP 35419 4171 17 , , , 35419 4171 18 New New NNP 35419 4171 19 York York NNP 35419 4171 20 and and CC 35419 4171 21 Pennsylvania Pennsylvania NNP 35419 4171 22 . . . 35419 4172 1 The the DT 35419 4172 2 estimates estimate NNS 35419 4172 3 of of IN 35419 4172 4 loss loss NN 35419 4172 5 for for IN 35419 4172 6 northern northern JJ 35419 4172 7 Michigan Michigan NNP 35419 4172 8 alone alone RB 35419 4172 9 amounted amount VBD 35419 4172 10 to to IN 35419 4172 11 $ $ $ 35419 4172 12 40,000,000 40,000,000 CD 35419 4172 13 . . . 35419 4173 1 For for IN 35419 4173 2 two two CD 35419 4173 3 weeks week NNS 35419 4173 4 the the DT 35419 4173 5 loss loss NN 35419 4173 6 was be VBD 35419 4173 7 set set VBN 35419 4173 8 at at IN 35419 4173 9 $ $ $ 35419 4173 10 1,000,000 1,000,000 CD 35419 4173 11 a a DT 35419 4173 12 day day NN 35419 4173 13 . . . 35419 4174 1 The the DT 35419 4174 2 two two CD 35419 4174 3 towns town NNS 35419 4174 4 of of IN 35419 4174 5 Hibbing Hibbing NNP 35419 4174 6 and and CC 35419 4174 7 Chisholm Chisholm NNP 35419 4174 8 were be VBD 35419 4174 9 practically practically RB 35419 4174 10 wiped wipe VBN 35419 4174 11 out out IN 35419 4174 12 of of IN 35419 4174 13 existence existence NN 35419 4174 14 , , , 35419 4174 15 and and CC 35419 4174 16 296 296 CD 35419 4174 17 lives life NNS 35419 4174 18 were be VBD 35419 4174 19 lost lose VBN 35419 4174 20 . . . 35419 4175 1 Certain certain JJ 35419 4175 2 forest forest NN 35419 4175 3 fires fire NNS 35419 4175 4 have have VBP 35419 4175 5 been be VBN 35419 4175 6 so so RB 35419 4175 7 gigantic gigantic JJ 35419 4175 8 and and CC 35419 4175 9 terrible terrible JJ 35419 4175 10 as as IN 35419 4175 11 to to TO 35419 4175 12 become become VB 35419 4175 13 historic historic JJ 35419 4175 14 . . . 35419 4176 1 One one CD 35419 4176 2 of of IN 35419 4176 3 these these DT 35419 4176 4 is be VBZ 35419 4176 5 the the DT 35419 4176 6 Miramichi Miramichi NNP 35419 4176 7 fire fire NN 35419 4176 8 of of IN 35419 4176 9 1825 1825 CD 35419 4176 10 . . . 35419 4177 1 It -PRON- PRP 35419 4177 2 began begin VBD 35419 4177 3 its -PRON- PRP$ 35419 4177 4 greatest great JJS 35419 4177 5 destruction destruction NN 35419 4177 6 about about RB 35419 4177 7 one one CD 35419 4177 8 o'clock o'clock NN 35419 4177 9 in in IN 35419 4177 10 the the DT 35419 4177 11 afternoon afternoon NN 35419 4177 12 of of IN 35419 4177 13 October October NNP 35419 4177 14 7th 7th NN 35419 4177 15 of of IN 35419 4177 16 that that DT 35419 4177 17 year year NN 35419 4177 18 , , , 35419 4177 19 at at IN 35419 4177 20 a a DT 35419 4177 21 place place NN 35419 4177 22 about about RB 35419 4177 23 sixty sixty CD 35419 4177 24 miles mile NNS 35419 4177 25 above above IN 35419 4177 26 the the DT 35419 4177 27 town town NN 35419 4177 28 of of IN 35419 4177 29 Newcastle Newcastle NNP 35419 4177 30 , , , 35419 4177 31 on on IN 35419 4177 32 the the DT 35419 4177 33 Miramichi Miramichi NNP 35419 4177 34 River River NNP 35419 4177 35 , , , 35419 4177 36 in in IN 35419 4177 37 New New NNP 35419 4177 38 Brunswick Brunswick NNP 35419 4177 39 . . . 35419 4178 1 Before before IN 35419 4178 2 ten ten CD 35419 4178 3 o'clock o'clock NN 35419 4178 4 at at IN 35419 4178 5 night night NN 35419 4178 6 it -PRON- PRP 35419 4178 7 was be VBD 35419 4178 8 twenty twenty CD 35419 4178 9 miles mile NNS 35419 4178 10 below below IN 35419 4178 11 New New NNP 35419 4178 12 Castle Castle NNP 35419 4178 13 . . . 35419 4179 1 In in IN 35419 4179 2 nine nine CD 35419 4179 3 hours hour NNS 35419 4179 4 it -PRON- PRP 35419 4179 5 had have VBD 35419 4179 6 destroyed destroy VBN 35419 4179 7 a a DT 35419 4179 8 belt belt NN 35419 4179 9 of of IN 35419 4179 10 forest forest NN 35419 4179 11 eighty eighty CD 35419 4179 12 miles mile NNS 35419 4179 13 long long JJ 35419 4179 14 and and CC 35419 4179 15 twenty twenty CD 35419 4179 16 - - HYPH 35419 4179 17 five five CD 35419 4179 18 miles mile NNS 35419 4179 19 wide wide JJ 35419 4179 20 . . . 35419 4180 1 Over over IN 35419 4180 2 more more JJR 35419 4180 3 than than IN 35419 4180 4 two two CD 35419 4180 5 and and CC 35419 4180 6 a a DT 35419 4180 7 half half NN 35419 4180 8 million million CD 35419 4180 9 acres acre NNS 35419 4180 10 almost almost RB 35419 4180 11 every every DT 35419 4180 12 living live VBG 35419 4180 13 thing thing NN 35419 4180 14 was be VBD 35419 4180 15 killed kill VBN 35419 4180 16 . . . 35419 4181 1 Even even RB 35419 4181 2 the the DT 35419 4181 3 fish fish NN 35419 4181 4 were be VBD 35419 4181 5 afterwards afterwards RB 35419 4181 6 found find VBN 35419 4181 7 dead dead JJ 35419 4181 8 in in IN 35419 4181 9 heaps heap NNS 35419 4181 10 on on IN 35419 4181 11 the the DT 35419 4181 12 river river NN 35419 4181 13 banks bank NNS 35419 4181 14 . . . 35419 4182 1 Many many JJ 35419 4182 2 buildings building NNS 35419 4182 3 and and CC 35419 4182 4 towns town NNS 35419 4182 5 were be VBD 35419 4182 6 destroyed destroy VBN 35419 4182 7 , , , 35419 4182 8 one one CD 35419 4182 9 hundred hundred CD 35419 4182 10 and and CC 35419 4182 11 sixty sixty CD 35419 4182 12 persons person NNS 35419 4182 13 perished perish VBN 35419 4182 14 , , , 35419 4182 15 and and CC 35419 4182 16 nearly nearly RB 35419 4182 17 a a DT 35419 4182 18 thousand thousand CD 35419 4182 19 head head NN 35419 4182 20 of of IN 35419 4182 21 stock stock NN 35419 4182 22 . . . 35419 4183 1 The the DT 35419 4183 2 loss loss NN 35419 4183 3 from from IN 35419 4183 4 the the DT 35419 4183 5 Miramichi Miramichi NNP 35419 4183 6 fire fire NN 35419 4183 7 is be VBZ 35419 4183 8 estimated estimate VBN 35419 4183 9 at at IN 35419 4183 10 $ $ $ 35419 4183 11 300,000 300,000 CD 35419 4183 12 , , , 35419 4183 13 not not RB 35419 4183 14 including include VBG 35419 4183 15 the the DT 35419 4183 16 value value NN 35419 4183 17 of of IN 35419 4183 18 the the DT 35419 4183 19 timber timber NN 35419 4183 20 . . . 35419 4184 1 ( ( -LRB- 35419 4184 2 Pinchot pinchot JJ 35419 4184 3 , , , 35419 4184 4 Part Part NNP 35419 4184 5 1 1 CD 35419 4184 6 . . . 35419 4184 7 p. p. NN 35419 4185 1 79 79 CD 35419 4185 2 - - SYM 35419 4185 3 80 80 CD 35419 4185 4 . . . 35419 4185 5 ) ) -RRB- 35419 4186 1 Of of IN 35419 4186 2 such such JJ 35419 4186 3 calamities calamity NNS 35419 4186 4 , , , 35419 4186 5 one one CD 35419 4186 6 of of IN 35419 4186 7 the the DT 35419 4186 8 worst bad JJS 35419 4186 9 that that WDT 35419 4186 10 is be VBZ 35419 4186 11 on on IN 35419 4186 12 record record NN 35419 4186 13 is be VBZ 35419 4186 14 that that RB 35419 4186 15 known know VBN 35419 4186 16 as as IN 35419 4186 17 the the DT 35419 4186 18 Peshtigo Peshtigo NNP 35419 4186 19 fire fire NN 35419 4186 20 , , , 35419 4186 21 which which WDT 35419 4186 22 , , , 35419 4186 23 in in IN 35419 4186 24 1871 1871 CD 35419 4186 25 , , , 35419 4186 26 during during IN 35419 4186 27 the the DT 35419 4186 28 same same JJ 35419 4186 29 month month NN 35419 4186 30 , , , 35419 4186 31 October October NNP 35419 4186 32 , , , 35419 4186 33 when when WRB 35419 4186 34 Chicago Chicago NNP 35419 4186 35 was be VBD 35419 4186 36 laid lay VBN 35419 4186 37 in in IN 35419 4186 38 ashes ashe NNS 35419 4186 39 , , , 35419 4186 40 devastated devastate VBD 35419 4186 41 the the DT 35419 4186 42 country country NN 35419 4186 43 about about IN 35419 4186 44 the the DT 35419 4186 45 shores shore NNS 35419 4186 46 of of IN 35419 4186 47 Green Green NNP 35419 4186 48 Bay Bay NNP 35419 4186 49 in in IN 35419 4186 50 Wisconsin Wisconsin NNP 35419 4186 51 . . . 35419 4187 1 More More JJR 35419 4187 2 than than IN 35419 4187 3 $ $ $ 35419 4187 4 3,000,000 3,000,000 CD 35419 4187 5 worth worth NN 35419 4187 6 of of IN 35419 4187 7 property property NN 35419 4187 8 was be VBD 35419 4187 9 burnt burn VBN 35419 4187 10 , , , 35419 4187 11 at at RB 35419 4187 12 least least RBS 35419 4187 13 two two CD 35419 4187 14 thousand thousand CD 35419 4187 15 families family NNS 35419 4187 16 of of IN 35419 4187 17 settlers settler NNS 35419 4187 18 were be VBD 35419 4187 19 made make VBN 35419 4187 20 homeless homeless JJ 35419 4187 21 , , , 35419 4187 22 villages village NNS 35419 4187 23 were be VBD 35419 4187 24 destroyed destroy VBN 35419 4187 25 and and CC 35419 4187 26 over over IN 35419 4187 27 a a DT 35419 4187 28 thousand thousand CD 35419 4187 29 lives life NNS 35419 4187 30 lost lose VBN 35419 4187 31 . . . 35419 4188 1 ( ( -LRB- 35419 4188 2 Bruncken Bruncken NNP 35419 4188 3 , , , 35419 4188 4 p. p. NN 35419 4189 1 110 110 CD 35419 4189 2 . . . 35419 4189 3 ) ) -RRB- 35419 4190 1 The the DT 35419 4190 2 most most RBS 35419 4190 3 destructive destructive JJ 35419 4190 4 fire fire NN 35419 4190 5 of of IN 35419 4190 6 more more JJR 35419 4190 7 recent recent JJ 35419 4190 8 years year NNS 35419 4190 9 was be VBD 35419 4190 10 that that DT 35419 4190 11 which which WDT 35419 4190 12 started start VBD 35419 4190 13 near near IN 35419 4190 14 Hinckley Hinckley NNP 35419 4190 15 , , , 35419 4190 16 Minn. Minnesota NNP 35419 4190 17 , , , 35419 4190 18 September September NNP 35419 4190 19 1 1 CD 35419 4190 20 , , , 35419 4190 21 1894 1894 CD 35419 4190 22 . . . 35419 4191 1 While while IN 35419 4191 2 the the DT 35419 4191 3 area area NN 35419 4191 4 burned burn VBD 35419 4191 5 over over RP 35419 4191 6 was be VBD 35419 4191 7 less less JJR 35419 4191 8 than than IN 35419 4191 9 in in IN 35419 4191 10 some some DT 35419 4191 11 other other JJ 35419 4191 12 great great JJ 35419 4191 13 fires fire NNS 35419 4191 14 , , , 35419 4191 15 the the DT 35419 4191 16 loss loss NN 35419 4191 17 of of IN 35419 4191 18 life life NN 35419 4191 19 and and CC 35419 4191 20 property property NN 35419 4191 21 was be VBD 35419 4191 22 very very RB 35419 4191 23 heavy heavy JJ 35419 4191 24 . . . 35419 4192 1 Hinckley Hinckley NNP 35419 4192 2 and and CC 35419 4192 3 six six CD 35419 4192 4 other other JJ 35419 4192 5 towns town NNS 35419 4192 6 were be VBD 35419 4192 7 destroyed destroy VBN 35419 4192 8 , , , 35419 4192 9 about about RB 35419 4192 10 500 500 CD 35419 4192 11 lives life NNS 35419 4192 12 were be VBD 35419 4192 13 lost lose VBN 35419 4192 14 , , , 35419 4192 15 more more JJR 35419 4192 16 than than IN 35419 4192 17 2,000 2,000 CD 35419 4192 18 persons person NNS 35419 4192 19 were be VBD 35419 4192 20 left leave VBN 35419 4192 21 destitute destitute JJ 35419 4192 22 , , , 35419 4192 23 and and CC 35419 4192 24 the the DT 35419 4192 25 estimated estimate VBN 35419 4192 26 loss loss NN 35419 4192 27 in in IN 35419 4192 28 property property NN 35419 4192 29 of of IN 35419 4192 30 various various JJ 35419 4192 31 kinds kind NNS 35419 4192 32 was be VBD 35419 4192 33 $ $ $ 35419 4192 34 25,000,000 25,000,000 CD 35419 4192 35 . . . 35419 4193 1 Except except IN 35419 4193 2 for for IN 35419 4193 3 the the DT 35419 4193 4 heroic heroic JJ 35419 4193 5 conduct conduct NN 35419 4193 6 of of IN 35419 4193 7 locomotive locomotive JJ 35419 4193 8 engineers engineer NNS 35419 4193 9 and and CC 35419 4193 10 other other JJ 35419 4193 11 railroad railroad NN 35419 4193 12 men man NNS 35419 4193 13 , , , 35419 4193 14 the the DT 35419 4193 15 loss loss NN 35419 4193 16 of of IN 35419 4193 17 life life NN 35419 4193 18 would would MD 35419 4193 19 have have VB 35419 4193 20 been be VBN 35419 4193 21 far far RB 35419 4193 22 greater great JJR 35419 4193 23 . . . 35419 4194 1 This this DT 35419 4194 2 fire fire NN 35419 4194 3 was be VBD 35419 4194 4 all all PDT 35419 4194 5 the the DT 35419 4194 6 more more RBR 35419 4194 7 deplorable deplorable JJ 35419 4194 8 , , , 35419 4194 9 because because IN 35419 4194 10 it -PRON- PRP 35419 4194 11 was be VBD 35419 4194 12 wholly wholly RB 35419 4194 13 unnecessary unnecessary JJ 35419 4194 14 . . . 35419 4195 1 For for IN 35419 4195 2 many many JJ 35419 4195 3 days day NNS 35419 4195 4 before before IN 35419 4195 5 the the DT 35419 4195 6 high high JJ 35419 4195 7 wind wind NN 35419 4195 8 came come VBD 35419 4195 9 and and CC 35419 4195 10 drove drive VBD 35419 4195 11 it -PRON- PRP 35419 4195 12 into into IN 35419 4195 13 uncontrollable uncontrollable JJ 35419 4195 14 fury fury NN 35419 4195 15 , , , 35419 4195 16 it -PRON- PRP 35419 4195 17 was be VBD 35419 4195 18 burning burn VBG 35419 4195 19 slowly slowly RB 35419 4195 20 close close JJ 35419 4195 21 to to IN 35419 4195 22 the the DT 35419 4195 23 town town NN 35419 4195 24 of of IN 35419 4195 25 Hinckley Hinckley NNP 35419 4195 26 and and CC 35419 4195 27 could could MD 35419 4195 28 have have VB 35419 4195 29 been be VBN 35419 4195 30 put put VBN 35419 4195 31 out out RP 35419 4195 32 . . . 35419 4196 1 ( ( -LRB- 35419 4196 2 Pinchot pinchot JJ 35419 4196 3 , , , 35419 4196 4 Part Part NNP 35419 4196 5 I I NNP 35419 4196 6 , , , 35419 4196 7 82 82 CD 35419 4196 8 - - SYM 35419 4196 9 83 83 CD 35419 4196 10 . . . 35419 4196 11 ) ) -RRB- 35419 4197 1 One one CD 35419 4197 2 of of IN 35419 4197 3 the the DT 35419 4197 4 most most RBS 35419 4197 5 remarkable remarkable JJ 35419 4197 6 features feature NNS 35419 4197 7 of of IN 35419 4197 8 these these DT 35419 4197 9 " " `` 35419 4197 10 crown crown NN 35419 4197 11 fires fire NNS 35419 4197 12 , , , 35419 4197 13 " " '' 35419 4197 14 is be VBZ 35419 4197 15 the the DT 35419 4197 16 rapidity rapidity NN 35419 4197 17 with with IN 35419 4197 18 which which WDT 35419 4197 19 they -PRON- PRP 35419 4197 20 travel travel VBP 35419 4197 21 . . . 35419 4198 1 The the DT 35419 4198 2 Miramichi Miramichi NNP 35419 4198 3 fire fire NN 35419 4198 4 traveled travel VBD 35419 4198 5 nine nine CD 35419 4198 6 miles mile NNS 35419 4198 7 an an DT 35419 4198 8 hour hour NN 35419 4198 9 . . . 35419 4199 1 To to TO 35419 4199 2 get get VB 35419 4199 3 an an DT 35419 4199 4 idea idea NN 35419 4199 5 of of IN 35419 4199 6 the the DT 35419 4199 7 fury fury NN 35419 4199 8 of of IN 35419 4199 9 a a DT 35419 4199 10 forest forest NN 35419 4199 11 fire fire NN 35419 4199 12 , , , 35419 4199 13 read read VB 35419 4199 14 this this DT 35419 4199 15 description description NN 35419 4199 16 from from IN 35419 4199 17 Bruncken Bruncken NNP 35419 4199 18 . . . 35419 4200 1 After after IN 35419 4200 2 describing describe VBG 35419 4200 3 the the DT 35419 4200 4 steady steady JJ 35419 4200 5 , , , 35419 4200 6 slow slow JJ 35419 4200 7 progress progress NN 35419 4200 8 of of IN 35419 4200 9 a a DT 35419 4200 10 duff duff NN 35419 4200 11 fire fire NN 35419 4200 12 , , , 35419 4200 13 he -PRON- PRP 35419 4200 14 proceeds proceed VBZ 35419 4200 15 : : : 35419 4200 16 But but CC 35419 4200 17 there there EX 35419 4200 18 comes come VBZ 35419 4200 19 an an DT 35419 4200 20 evening evening NN 35419 4200 21 when when WRB 35419 4200 22 nobody nobody NN 35419 4200 23 thinks think VBZ 35419 4200 24 of of IN 35419 4200 25 going go VBG 35419 4200 26 to to IN 35419 4200 27 bed bed NN 35419 4200 28 . . . 35419 4201 1 All all DT 35419 4201 2 day day NN 35419 4201 3 the the DT 35419 4201 4 smoke smoke NN 35419 4201 5 has have VBZ 35419 4201 6 become become VBN 35419 4201 7 denser denser NN 35419 4201 8 and and CC 35419 4201 9 denser denser NN 35419 4201 10 , , , 35419 4201 11 until until IN 35419 4201 12 it -PRON- PRP 35419 4201 13 is be VBZ 35419 4201 14 no no RB 35419 4201 15 longer long RBR 35419 4201 16 a a DT 35419 4201 17 haze haze NN 35419 4201 18 , , , 35419 4201 19 but but CC 35419 4201 20 a a DT 35419 4201 21 thick thick JJ 35419 4201 22 yellowish yellowish JJ 35419 4201 23 mass mass NN 35419 4201 24 of of IN 35419 4201 25 vapor vapor NN 35419 4201 26 , , , 35419 4201 27 carrying carry VBG 35419 4201 28 large large JJ 35419 4201 29 particles particle NNS 35419 4201 30 of of IN 35419 4201 31 sooty sooty JJ 35419 4201 32 cinders cinder NNS 35419 4201 33 , , , 35419 4201 34 filling fill VBG 35419 4201 35 one one PRP 35419 4201 36 's 's POS 35419 4201 37 eyes eye NNS 35419 4201 38 and and CC 35419 4201 39 nostrils nostril NNS 35419 4201 40 with with IN 35419 4201 41 biting bite VBG 35419 4201 42 dust dust NN 35419 4201 43 , , , 35419 4201 44 making make VBG 35419 4201 45 breathing breathing NN 35419 4201 46 oppressive oppressive NN 35419 4201 47 . . . 35419 4202 1 There there EX 35419 4202 2 is be VBZ 35419 4202 3 no no DT 35419 4202 4 escape escape NN 35419 4202 5 from from IN 35419 4202 6 it -PRON- PRP 35419 4202 7 . . . 35419 4203 1 Closing close VBG 35419 4203 2 windows window NNS 35419 4203 3 and and CC 35419 4203 4 doors door NNS 35419 4203 5 does do VBZ 35419 4203 6 not not RB 35419 4203 7 bar bar VB 35419 4203 8 it -PRON- PRP 35419 4203 9 out out IN 35419 4203 10 of of IN 35419 4203 11 the the DT 35419 4203 12 houses house NNS 35419 4203 13 ; ; : 35419 4203 14 it -PRON- PRP 35419 4203 15 seems seem VBZ 35419 4203 16 as as IN 35419 4203 17 if if IN 35419 4203 18 it -PRON- PRP 35419 4203 19 could could MD 35419 4203 20 penetrate penetrate VB 35419 4203 21 solid solid JJ 35419 4203 22 walls wall NNS 35419 4203 23 . . . 35419 4204 1 Everything everything NN 35419 4204 2 it -PRON- PRP 35419 4204 3 touches touch VBZ 35419 4204 4 feels feel VBZ 35419 4204 5 rough rough JJ 35419 4204 6 , , , 35419 4204 7 as as IN 35419 4204 8 if if IN 35419 4204 9 covered cover VBN 35419 4204 10 with with IN 35419 4204 11 fine fine JJ 35419 4204 12 ashes ashe NNS 35419 4204 13 . . . 35419 4205 1 The the DT 35419 4205 2 heat heat NN 35419 4205 3 is be VBZ 35419 4205 4 horrible horrible JJ 35419 4205 5 altho altho NN 35419 4205 6 no no DT 35419 4205 7 ray ray NN 35419 4205 8 of of IN 35419 4205 9 sunshine sunshine NN 35419 4205 10 penetrates penetrate VBZ 35419 4205 11 the the DT 35419 4205 12 heavy heavy JJ 35419 4205 13 pall pall NN 35419 4205 14 of of IN 35419 4205 15 smoke smoke NN 35419 4205 16 . . . 35419 4206 1 In in IN 35419 4206 2 the the DT 35419 4206 3 distance distance NN 35419 4206 4 a a DT 35419 4206 5 rumbling rumbling NN 35419 4206 6 , , , 35419 4206 7 rushing rush VBG 35419 4206 8 sound sound NN 35419 4206 9 is be VBZ 35419 4206 10 heard hear VBN 35419 4206 11 . . . 35419 4207 1 It -PRON- PRP 35419 4207 2 is be VBZ 35419 4207 3 the the DT 35419 4207 4 fire fire NN 35419 4207 5 roaring roar VBG 35419 4207 6 in in IN 35419 4207 7 the the DT 35419 4207 8 tree tree NN 35419 4207 9 tops top NNS 35419 4207 10 on on IN 35419 4207 11 the the DT 35419 4207 12 hill hill NN 35419 4207 13 sides side NNS 35419 4207 14 , , , 35419 4207 15 several several JJ 35419 4207 16 miles mile NNS 35419 4207 17 from from IN 35419 4207 18 town town NN 35419 4207 19 . . . 35419 4208 1 This this DT 35419 4208 2 is be VBZ 35419 4208 3 no no RB 35419 4208 4 longer long RBR 35419 4208 5 a a DT 35419 4208 6 number number NN 35419 4208 7 of of IN 35419 4208 8 small small JJ 35419 4208 9 fires fire NNS 35419 4208 10 , , , 35419 4208 11 slowly slowly RB 35419 4208 12 smouldering smoulder VBG 35419 4208 13 away away RB 35419 4208 14 to to TO 35419 4208 15 eat eat VB 35419 4208 16 up up RP 35419 4208 17 a a DT 35419 4208 18 fallen fall VBN 35419 4208 19 log log NN 35419 4208 20 ; ; : 35419 4208 21 nor nor CC 35419 4208 22 little little JJ 35419 4208 23 dancing dancing NN 35419 4208 24 flames flame NNS 35419 4208 25 running run VBG 35419 4208 26 along along IN 35419 4208 27 the the DT 35419 4208 28 dry dry JJ 35419 4208 29 litter litter NN 35419 4208 30 on on IN 35419 4208 31 the the DT 35419 4208 32 ground ground NN 35419 4208 33 , , , 35419 4208 34 trying try VBG 35419 4208 35 to to TO 35419 4208 36 creep creep VB 35419 4208 37 up up RP 35419 4208 38 the the DT 35419 4208 39 bark bark NN 35419 4208 40 of of IN 35419 4208 41 a a DT 35419 4208 42 tree tree NN 35419 4208 43 , , , 35419 4208 44 where where WRB 35419 4208 45 the the DT 35419 4208 46 lichens lichen NNS 35419 4208 47 are be VBP 35419 4208 48 thick thick JJ 35419 4208 49 and and CC 35419 4208 50 dry dry JJ 35419 4208 51 , , , 35419 4208 52 but but CC 35419 4208 53 presently presently RB 35419 4208 54 falling fall VBG 35419 4208 55 back back RB 35419 4208 56 exhausted exhausted JJ 35419 4208 57 . . . 35419 4209 1 The the DT 35419 4209 2 wind wind NN 35419 4209 3 has have VBZ 35419 4209 4 risen rise VBN 35419 4209 5 , , , 35419 4209 6 fanning fan VBG 35419 4209 7 the the DT 35419 4209 8 flames flame NNS 35419 4209 9 on on IN 35419 4209 10 all all DT 35419 4209 11 sides side NNS 35419 4209 12 , , , 35419 4209 13 till till IN 35419 4209 14 they -PRON- PRP 35419 4209 15 leap leap VBP 35419 4209 16 higher high JJR 35419 4209 17 and and CC 35419 4209 18 higher higher RBR 35419 4209 19 , , , 35419 4209 20 reaching reach VBG 35419 4209 21 the the DT 35419 4209 22 lower low JJR 35419 4209 23 branches branch NNS 35419 4209 24 of of IN 35419 4209 25 the the DT 35419 4209 26 standing standing NN 35419 4209 27 timber timber NN 35419 4209 28 , , , 35419 4209 29 enveloping envelop VBG 35419 4209 30 the the DT 35419 4209 31 mighty mighty JJ 35419 4209 32 boles bole NNS 35419 4209 33 of of IN 35419 4209 34 cork cork NN 35419 4209 35 pine pine NN 35419 4209 36 in in IN 35419 4209 37 a a DT 35419 4209 38 sheet sheet NN 35419 4209 39 of of IN 35419 4209 40 flame flame NN 35419 4209 41 , , , 35419 4209 42 seizing seize VBG 35419 4209 43 the the DT 35419 4209 44 tall tall JJ 35419 4209 45 poles pole NNS 35419 4209 46 of of IN 35419 4209 47 young young JJ 35419 4209 48 trees tree NNS 35419 4209 49 and and CC 35419 4209 50 converting convert VBG 35419 4209 51 them -PRON- PRP 35419 4209 52 into into IN 35419 4209 53 blazing blaze VBG 35419 4209 54 beacons beacon NNS 35419 4209 55 that that WDT 35419 4209 56 herald herald VBP 35419 4209 57 the the DT 35419 4209 58 approach approach NN 35419 4209 59 of of IN 35419 4209 60 destruction destruction NN 35419 4209 61 . . . 35419 4210 1 Fiercer Fiercer NNP 35419 4210 2 and and CC 35419 4210 3 fiercer fiercer NN 35419 4210 4 blows blow VBZ 35419 4210 5 the the DT 35419 4210 6 wind wind NN 35419 4210 7 , , , 35419 4210 8 generated generate VBN 35419 4210 9 by by IN 35419 4210 10 the the DT 35419 4210 11 fire fire NN 35419 4210 12 itself -PRON- PRP 35419 4210 13 as as IN 35419 4210 14 it -PRON- PRP 35419 4210 15 sends send VBZ 35419 4210 16 currents current NNS 35419 4210 17 of of IN 35419 4210 18 heated heated JJ 35419 4210 19 air air NN 35419 4210 20 rushing rush VBG 35419 4210 21 upward upward RB 35419 4210 22 into into IN 35419 4210 23 infinity infinity NN 35419 4210 24 . . . 35419 4211 1 Louder louder RBR 35419 4211 2 and and CC 35419 4211 3 louder louder VB 35419 4211 4 the the DT 35419 4211 5 cracking cracking NN 35419 4211 6 of of IN 35419 4211 7 the the DT 35419 4211 8 branches branch NNS 35419 4211 9 as as IN 35419 4211 10 the the DT 35419 4211 11 flames flame NNS 35419 4211 12 seize seize VBP 35419 4211 13 one one CD 35419 4211 14 after after IN 35419 4211 15 the the DT 35419 4211 16 other other JJ 35419 4211 17 , , , 35419 4211 18 leaping leap VBG 35419 4211 19 from from IN 35419 4211 20 crown crown NN 35419 4211 21 to to IN 35419 4211 22 crown crown NNP 35419 4211 23 , , , 35419 4211 24 rising rise VBG 35419 4211 25 high high RB 35419 4211 26 above above IN 35419 4211 27 the the DT 35419 4211 28 tree tree NN 35419 4211 29 tops top VBZ 35419 4211 30 in in IN 35419 4211 31 whirling whirl VBG 35419 4211 32 wreaths wreath NNS 35419 4211 33 of of IN 35419 4211 34 fire fire NN 35419 4211 35 , , , 35419 4211 36 and and CC 35419 4211 37 belching belch VBG 35419 4211 38 forth forth RP 35419 4211 39 clouds cloud NNS 35419 4211 40 of of IN 35419 4211 41 smoke smoke NN 35419 4211 42 hundreds hundred NNS 35419 4211 43 of of IN 35419 4211 44 feet foot NNS 35419 4211 45 still still RB 35419 4211 46 higher high JJR 35419 4211 47 . . . 35419 4212 1 As as IN 35419 4212 2 the the DT 35419 4212 3 heated heated JJ 35419 4212 4 air air NN 35419 4212 5 rises rise VBZ 35419 4212 6 more more RBR 35419 4212 7 and and CC 35419 4212 8 more more RBR 35419 4212 9 , , , 35419 4212 10 rushing rush VBG 35419 4212 11 along along IN 35419 4212 12 with with IN 35419 4212 13 a a DT 35419 4212 14 sound sound NN 35419 4212 15 like like IN 35419 4212 16 that that DT 35419 4212 17 of of IN 35419 4212 18 a a DT 35419 4212 19 thousand thousand CD 35419 4212 20 foaming foam VBG 35419 4212 21 mountain mountain NN 35419 4212 22 torrents torrent NNS 35419 4212 23 , , , 35419 4212 24 burning burn VBG 35419 4212 25 brands brand NNS 35419 4212 26 are be VBP 35419 4212 27 carried carry VBN 35419 4212 28 along along RB 35419 4212 29 , , , 35419 4212 30 whirling whirl VBG 35419 4212 31 on on RP 35419 4212 32 across across IN 35419 4212 33 the the DT 35419 4212 34 firmament firmament NN 35419 4212 35 like like IN 35419 4212 36 evil evil JJ 35419 4212 37 spirits spirit NNS 35419 4212 38 of of IN 35419 4212 39 destruction destruction NN 35419 4212 40 , , , 35419 4212 41 bearing bear VBG 35419 4212 42 the the DT 35419 4212 43 fire fire NN 35419 4212 44 miles mile NNS 35419 4212 45 away away RB 35419 4212 46 from from IN 35419 4212 47 its -PRON- PRP$ 35419 4212 48 origin origin NN 35419 4212 49 , , , 35419 4212 50 then then RB 35419 4212 51 falling fall VBG 35419 4212 52 among among IN 35419 4212 53 the the DT 35419 4212 54 dry dry JJ 35419 4212 55 brush brush NN 35419 4212 56 heaps heap NNS 35419 4212 57 of of IN 35419 4212 58 windfall windfall NN 35419 4212 59 or or CC 35419 4212 60 slashing slash VBG 35419 4212 61 , , , 35419 4212 62 and and CC 35419 4212 63 starting start VBG 35419 4212 64 another another DT 35419 4212 65 fire fire NN 35419 4212 66 to to TO 35419 4212 67 burn burn VB 35419 4212 68 as as RB 35419 4212 69 fiercely fiercely RB 35419 4212 70 as as IN 35419 4212 71 the the DT 35419 4212 72 first first JJ 35419 4212 73 . . . 35419 4213 1 * * NFP 35419 4213 2 * * NFP 35419 4213 3 * * NFP 35419 4213 4 There there EX 35419 4213 5 is be VBZ 35419 4213 6 something something NN 35419 4213 7 horrible horrible JJ 35419 4213 8 in in IN 35419 4213 9 the the DT 35419 4213 10 slow slow JJ 35419 4213 11 , , , 35419 4213 12 steady steady JJ 35419 4213 13 approach approach NN 35419 4213 14 of of IN 35419 4213 15 a a DT 35419 4213 16 top top JJ 35419 4213 17 fire fire NN 35419 4213 18 . . . 35419 4214 1 It -PRON- PRP 35419 4214 2 comes come VBZ 35419 4214 3 on on RP 35419 4214 4 with with IN 35419 4214 5 the the DT 35419 4214 6 pitiless pitiless NN 35419 4214 7 determination determination NN 35419 4214 8 of of IN 35419 4214 9 unavoidable unavoidable JJ 35419 4214 10 destiny destiny NN 35419 4214 11 , , , 35419 4214 12 not not RB 35419 4214 13 faster fast JJR 35419 4214 14 than than IN 35419 4214 15 a a DT 35419 4214 16 man man NN 35419 4214 17 can can MD 35419 4214 18 walk walk VB 35419 4214 19 . . . 35419 4215 1 But but CC 35419 4215 2 there there EX 35419 4215 3 is be VBZ 35419 4215 4 no no DT 35419 4215 5 stopping stop VBG 35419 4215 6 it -PRON- PRP 35419 4215 7 . . . 35419 4216 1 You -PRON- PRP 35419 4216 2 can can MD 35419 4216 3 not not RB 35419 4216 4 fight fight VB 35419 4216 5 a a DT 35419 4216 6 fire fire NN 35419 4216 7 that that WDT 35419 4216 8 seizes seize VBZ 35419 4216 9 tree tree NN 35419 4216 10 top top NN 35419 4216 11 after after IN 35419 4216 12 tree tree NN 35419 4216 13 top top NN 35419 4216 14 , , , 35419 4216 15 far far RB 35419 4216 16 above above IN 35419 4216 17 your -PRON- PRP$ 35419 4216 18 reach reach NN 35419 4216 19 , , , 35419 4216 20 and and CC 35419 4216 21 showers shower VBZ 35419 4216 22 down down RP 35419 4216 23 upon upon IN 35419 4216 24 the the DT 35419 4216 25 pigmy pigmy JJ 35419 4216 26 mortals mortal NNS 35419 4216 27 that that WDT 35419 4216 28 attempt attempt VBP 35419 4216 29 to to TO 35419 4216 30 oppose oppose VB 35419 4216 31 it -PRON- PRP 35419 4216 32 an an DT 35419 4216 33 avalanch avalanch NN 35419 4216 34 of of IN 35419 4216 35 burning burn VBG 35419 4216 36 branches branch NNS 35419 4216 37 , , , 35419 4216 38 driving drive VBG 35419 4216 39 them -PRON- PRP 35419 4216 40 away away RB 35419 4216 41 to to TO 35419 4216 42 escape escape VB 35419 4216 43 the the DT 35419 4216 44 torture torture NN 35419 4216 45 and and CC 35419 4216 46 death death NN 35419 4216 47 that that WDT 35419 4216 48 threatens threaten VBZ 35419 4216 49 them -PRON- PRP 35419 4216 50 . . . 35419 4217 1 ( ( -LRB- 35419 4217 2 Bruncken Bruncken NNP 35419 4217 3 , , , 35419 4217 4 _ _ NNP 35419 4217 5 American American NNP 35419 4217 6 Forests Forests NNPS 35419 4217 7 and and CC 35419 4217 8 Forestry Forestry NNP 35419 4217 9 _ _ NNP 35419 4217 10 , , , 35419 4217 11 106 106 CD 35419 4217 12 - - SYM 35419 4217 13 109 109 CD 35419 4217 14 . . . 35419 4217 15 ) ) -RRB- 35419 4218 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 4218 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 4218 3 : : : 35419 4218 4 Fig Fig NNP 35419 4218 5 . . . 35419 4219 1 108 108 CD 35419 4219 2 . . . 35419 4220 1 Fighting fight VBG 35419 4220 2 Forest Forest NNP 35419 4220 3 Fire fire NN 35419 4220 4 . . . 35419 4221 1 _ _ NNP 35419 4221 2 U. U. NNP 35419 4222 1 S. S. NNP 35419 4222 2 Forest Forest NNP 35419 4222 3 Service Service NNP 35419 4222 4 . . . 35419 4222 5 _ _ NNP 35419 4222 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 4222 7 Real real JJ 35419 4222 8 forest forest NN 35419 4222 9 fires fire NNS 35419 4222 10 are be VBP 35419 4222 11 not not RB 35419 4222 12 usually usually RB 35419 4222 13 put put VBN 35419 4222 14 out out RP 35419 4222 15 ; ; : 35419 4222 16 men man NNS 35419 4222 17 only only RB 35419 4222 18 try try VBP 35419 4222 19 to to TO 35419 4222 20 limit limit VB 35419 4222 21 them -PRON- PRP 35419 4222 22 . . . 35419 4223 1 A a DT 35419 4223 2 common common JJ 35419 4223 3 method method NN 35419 4223 4 of of IN 35419 4223 5 limitation limitation NN 35419 4223 6 is be VBZ 35419 4223 7 to to TO 35419 4223 8 cut cut VB 35419 4223 9 trenches trench NNS 35419 4223 10 thru thru IN 35419 4223 11 the the DT 35419 4223 12 duff duff NN 35419 4223 13 so so IN 35419 4223 14 that that IN 35419 4223 15 the the DT 35419 4223 16 fire fire NN 35419 4223 17 can can MD 35419 4223 18 not not RB 35419 4223 19 pass pass VB 35419 4223 20 across across RP 35419 4223 21 , , , 35419 4223 22 Fig Fig NNP 35419 4223 23 . . . 35419 4224 1 108 108 CD 35419 4224 2 . . . 35419 4225 1 In in IN 35419 4225 2 serious serious JJ 35419 4225 3 cases case NNS 35419 4225 4 back back RB 35419 4225 5 fires fire NNS 35419 4225 6 are be VBP 35419 4225 7 built build VBN 35419 4225 8 on on IN 35419 4225 9 the the DT 35419 4225 10 side side NN 35419 4225 11 of of IN 35419 4225 12 the the DT 35419 4225 13 paths path NNS 35419 4225 14 or or CC 35419 4225 15 roads road NNS 35419 4225 16 or or CC 35419 4225 17 trenches trench NNS 35419 4225 18 toward toward IN 35419 4225 19 the the DT 35419 4225 20 fire fire NN 35419 4225 21 , , , 35419 4225 22 in in IN 35419 4225 23 the the DT 35419 4225 24 expectation expectation NN 35419 4225 25 that that IN 35419 4225 26 the the DT 35419 4225 27 two two CD 35419 4225 28 fires fire NNS 35419 4225 29 will will MD 35419 4225 30 meet meet VB 35419 4225 31 . . . 35419 4226 1 In in IN 35419 4226 2 such such JJ 35419 4226 3 cases case NNS 35419 4226 4 great great JJ 35419 4226 5 care care NN 35419 4226 6 has have VBZ 35419 4226 7 to to TO 35419 4226 8 be be VB 35419 4226 9 taken take VBN 35419 4226 10 that that IN 35419 4226 11 the the DT 35419 4226 12 back back JJ 35419 4226 13 fire fire NN 35419 4226 14 itself -PRON- PRP 35419 4226 15 does do VBZ 35419 4226 16 not not RB 35419 4226 17 escape escape VB 35419 4226 18 . . . 35419 4227 1 Small small JJ 35419 4227 2 fires fire NNS 35419 4227 3 , , , 35419 4227 4 however however RB 35419 4227 5 , , , 35419 4227 6 can can MD 35419 4227 7 sometimes sometimes RB 35419 4227 8 be be VB 35419 4227 9 beaten beat VBN 35419 4227 10 out out RP 35419 4227 11 or or CC 35419 4227 12 smothered smother VBN 35419 4227 13 with with IN 35419 4227 14 dirt dirt NN 35419 4227 15 and and CC 35419 4227 16 sand sand NN 35419 4227 17 , , , 35419 4227 18 since since IN 35419 4227 19 water water NN 35419 4227 20 is be VBZ 35419 4227 21 usually usually RB 35419 4227 22 unavailable unavailable JJ 35419 4227 23 . . . 35419 4228 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 4228 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 4228 3 : : : 35419 4228 4 Fig Fig NNP 35419 4228 5 . . . 35419 4229 1 109 109 CD 35419 4229 2 . . . 35419 4230 1 Fire Fire NNP 35419 4230 2 Lane Lane NNP 35419 4230 3 . . . 35419 4231 1 Worcester Worcester NNP 35419 4231 2 Co. Co. NNP 35419 4231 3 , , , 35419 4231 4 Mass. Massachusetts NNP 35419 4232 1 _ _ NNP 35419 4232 2 U. U. NNP 35419 4233 1 S. S. NNP 35419 4233 2 Forest Forest NNP 35419 4233 3 Service Service NNP 35419 4233 4 . . . 35419 4233 5 _ _ NNP 35419 4233 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 4233 7 But but CC 35419 4233 8 " " `` 35419 4233 9 an an DT 35419 4233 10 ounce ounce NN 35419 4233 11 of of IN 35419 4233 12 prevention prevention NN 35419 4233 13 is be VBZ 35419 4233 14 worth worth JJ 35419 4233 15 a a DT 35419 4233 16 pound pound NN 35419 4233 17 of of IN 35419 4233 18 cure cure NN 35419 4233 19 . . . 35419 4233 20 " " '' 35419 4234 1 One one CD 35419 4234 2 of of IN 35419 4234 3 the the DT 35419 4234 4 best good JJS 35419 4234 5 of of IN 35419 4234 6 these these DT 35419 4234 7 preventions prevention NNS 35419 4234 8 is be VBZ 35419 4234 9 a a DT 35419 4234 10 system system NN 35419 4234 11 of of IN 35419 4234 12 fire fire NN 35419 4234 13 lanes lane NNS 35419 4234 14 . . . 35419 4235 1 Even even RB 35419 4235 2 narrow narrow JJ 35419 4235 3 paths path NNS 35419 4235 4 of of IN 35419 4235 5 dirt dirt NN 35419 4235 6 will will MD 35419 4235 7 stop stop VB 35419 4235 8 an an DT 35419 4235 9 ordinary ordinary JJ 35419 4235 10 fire fire NN 35419 4235 11 . . . 35419 4236 1 Roads road NNS 35419 4236 2 , , , 35419 4236 3 of of IN 35419 4236 4 course course NN 35419 4236 5 , , , 35419 4236 6 are be VBP 35419 4236 7 still still RB 35419 4236 8 better well JJR 35419 4236 9 . . . 35419 4237 1 Systems system NNS 35419 4237 2 of of IN 35419 4237 3 fire fire NN 35419 4237 4 lanes lane NNS 35419 4237 5 , , , 35419 4237 6 Fig Fig NNP 35419 4237 7 . . . 35419 4238 1 109 109 CD 35419 4238 2 , , , 35419 4238 3 are be VBP 35419 4238 4 made make VBN 35419 4238 5 great great JJ 35419 4238 6 use use NN 35419 4238 7 of of IN 35419 4238 8 in in IN 35419 4238 9 Europe Europe NNP 35419 4238 10 and and CC 35419 4238 11 British British NNP 35419 4238 12 India India NNP 35419 4238 13 . . . 35419 4239 1 Belts belt NNS 35419 4239 2 of of IN 35419 4239 3 hardwood hardwood NN 35419 4239 4 trees tree NNS 35419 4239 5 are be VBP 35419 4239 6 also also RB 35419 4239 7 cultivated cultivate VBN 35419 4239 8 along along IN 35419 4239 9 railways railway NNS 35419 4239 10 , , , 35419 4239 11 and and CC 35419 4239 12 to to TO 35419 4239 13 break break VB 35419 4239 14 up up RP 35419 4239 15 large large JJ 35419 4239 16 bodies body NNS 35419 4239 17 of of IN 35419 4239 18 conifers conifer NNS 35419 4239 19 . . . 35419 4240 1 If if IN 35419 4240 2 in in IN 35419 4240 3 lumbering lumbering NN 35419 4240 4 , , , 35419 4240 5 the the DT 35419 4240 6 slash slash NN 35419 4240 7 were be VBD 35419 4240 8 destroyed destroy VBN 35419 4240 9 or or CC 35419 4240 10 even even RB 35419 4240 11 cut cut VB 35419 4240 12 up up RP 35419 4240 13 so so IN 35419 4240 14 as as IN 35419 4240 15 to to TO 35419 4240 16 lie lie VB 35419 4240 17 near near IN 35419 4240 18 the the DT 35419 4240 19 ground ground NN 35419 4240 20 and and CC 35419 4240 21 rot rot VB 35419 4240 22 quickly quickly RB 35419 4240 23 , , , 35419 4240 24 many many JJ 35419 4240 25 fires fire NNS 35419 4240 26 would would MD 35419 4240 27 be be VB 35419 4240 28 prevented prevent VBN 35419 4240 29 . . . 35419 4241 1 Some some DT 35419 4241 2 states state NNS 35419 4241 3 , , , 35419 4241 4 as as IN 35419 4241 5 New New NNP 35419 4241 6 York York NNP 35419 4241 7 , , , 35419 4241 8 have have VBP 35419 4241 9 a a DT 35419 4241 10 fairly fairly RB 35419 4241 11 well well RB 35419 4241 12 organized organized JJ 35419 4241 13 system system NN 35419 4241 14 of of IN 35419 4241 15 fire fire NN 35419 4241 16 wardens warden NNS 35419 4241 17 , , , 35419 4241 18 who who WP 35419 4241 19 have have VBP 35419 4241 20 the the DT 35419 4241 21 authority authority NN 35419 4241 22 to to TO 35419 4241 23 draft draft VB 35419 4241 24 as as IN 35419 4241 25 much much JJ 35419 4241 26 male male JJ 35419 4241 27 help help NN 35419 4241 28 as as IN 35419 4241 29 they -PRON- PRP 35419 4241 30 need need VBP 35419 4241 31 at at IN 35419 4241 32 $ $ $ 35419 4241 33 2.00 2.00 CD 35419 4241 34 a a DT 35419 4241 35 day day NN 35419 4241 36 to to TO 35419 4241 37 fight fight VB 35419 4241 38 forest forest NN 35419 4241 39 fires fire NNS 35419 4241 40 . . . 35419 4242 1 Unfortunately unfortunately RB 35419 4242 2 " " `` 35419 4242 3 ne'er ne'er NN 35419 4242 4 - - HYPH 35419 4242 5 do do NN 35419 4242 6 - - HYPH 35419 4242 7 wells well NNS 35419 4242 8 " " `` 35419 4242 9 sometimes sometimes RB 35419 4242 10 set set VBD 35419 4242 11 fire fire NN 35419 4242 12 to to IN 35419 4242 13 the the DT 35419 4242 14 woods wood NNS 35419 4242 15 , , , 35419 4242 16 in in IN 35419 4242 17 order order NN 35419 4242 18 to to TO 35419 4242 19 " " `` 35419 4242 20 make make VB 35419 4242 21 work work NN 35419 4242 22 " " '' 35419 4242 23 for for IN 35419 4242 24 themselves -PRON- PRP 35419 4242 25 . . . 35419 4243 1 Much much JJ 35419 4243 2 preventive preventive JJ 35419 4243 3 work work NN 35419 4243 4 is be VBZ 35419 4243 5 also also RB 35419 4243 6 done do VBN 35419 4243 7 by by IN 35419 4243 8 educating educate VBG 35419 4243 9 the the DT 35419 4243 10 public public NN 35419 4243 11 in in IN 35419 4243 12 schools school NNS 35419 4243 13 and and CC 35419 4243 14 by by IN 35419 4243 15 the the DT 35419 4243 16 posting posting NN 35419 4243 17 of of IN 35419 4243 18 the the DT 35419 4243 19 fire fire NN 35419 4243 20 notices,[1 notices,[1 NNP 35419 4243 21 ] ] -RRB- 35419 4243 22 Fig fig NN 35419 4243 23 . . . 35419 4244 1 110 110 CD 35419 4244 2 . . . 35419 4245 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 4245 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 4245 3 : : : 35419 4245 4 Fig Fig NNP 35419 4245 5 . . . 35419 4246 1 110 110 CD 35419 4246 2 . . . 35419 4247 1 Look look VB 35419 4247 2 out out RP 35419 4247 3 for for IN 35419 4247 4 Fire fire NN 35419 4247 5 . . . 35419 4248 1 Rules Rules NNPS 35419 4248 2 and and CC 35419 4248 3 Laws law NNS 35419 4248 4 . . . 35419 4248 5 ] ] -RRB- 35419 4249 1 DESTRUCTIVE destructive JJ 35419 4249 2 LUMBERING lumbering NN 35419 4249 3 . . . 35419 4250 1 How how WRB 35419 4250 2 the the DT 35419 4250 3 reckless reckless JJ 35419 4250 4 and and CC 35419 4250 5 destructive destructive JJ 35419 4250 6 methods method NNS 35419 4250 7 of of IN 35419 4250 8 lumbering lumber VBG 35419 4250 9 common common JJ 35419 4250 10 in in IN 35419 4250 11 America America NNP 35419 4250 12 came come VBD 35419 4250 13 into into IN 35419 4250 14 vogue vogue NN 35419 4250 15 , , , 35419 4250 16 is be VBZ 35419 4250 17 worth worth JJ 35419 4250 18 noting note VBG 35419 4250 19 . . . 35419 4251 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 4251 2 2 2 LS 35419 4251 3 ] ] -RRB- 35419 4251 4 The the DT 35419 4251 5 great great JJ 35419 4251 6 historical historical JJ 35419 4251 7 fact fact NN 35419 4251 8 of of IN 35419 4251 9 the the DT 35419 4251 10 first first JJ 35419 4251 11 half half JJ 35419 4251 12 century century NN 35419 4251 13 of of IN 35419 4251 14 our -PRON- PRP$ 35419 4251 15 country country NN 35419 4251 16 was be VBD 35419 4251 17 the the DT 35419 4251 18 conquest conquest NN 35419 4251 19 of of IN 35419 4251 20 the the DT 35419 4251 21 wilderness wilderness NN 35419 4251 22 . . . 35419 4252 1 That that DT 35419 4252 2 wilderness wilderness NN 35419 4252 3 was be VBD 35419 4252 4 largely largely RB 35419 4252 5 an an DT 35419 4252 6 unbroken unbroken JJ 35419 4252 7 forest forest NN 35419 4252 8 . . . 35419 4253 1 To to IN 35419 4253 2 the the DT 35419 4253 3 early early JJ 35419 4253 4 settler settler NN 35419 4253 5 , , , 35419 4253 6 this this DT 35419 4253 7 forest forest NN 35419 4253 8 was be VBD 35419 4253 9 the the DT 35419 4253 10 greatest great JJS 35419 4253 11 of of IN 35419 4253 12 barriers barrier NNS 35419 4253 13 to to IN 35419 4253 14 agriculture agriculture NN 35419 4253 15 . . . 35419 4254 1 The the DT 35419 4254 2 crash crash NN 35419 4254 3 of of IN 35419 4254 4 a a DT 35419 4254 5 felled fell VBN 35419 4254 6 tree tree NN 35419 4254 7 was be VBD 35419 4254 8 to to IN 35419 4254 9 him -PRON- PRP 35419 4254 10 a a DT 35419 4254 11 symbol symbol NN 35419 4254 12 of of IN 35419 4254 13 advancing advance VBG 35419 4254 14 civilization civilization NN 35419 4254 15 . . . 35419 4255 1 The the DT 35419 4255 2 woods wood NNS 35419 4255 3 were be VBD 35419 4255 4 something something NN 35419 4255 5 to to TO 35419 4255 6 be be VB 35419 4255 7 got get VBN 35419 4255 8 rid rid VBN 35419 4255 9 of of IN 35419 4255 10 to to TO 35419 4255 11 make make VB 35419 4255 12 room room NN 35419 4255 13 for for IN 35419 4255 14 farms farm NNS 35419 4255 15 , , , 35419 4255 16 Fig Fig NNP 35419 4255 17 . . . 35419 4256 1 111 111 CD 35419 4256 2 . . . 35419 4257 1 In in IN 35419 4257 2 Virginia Virginia NNP 35419 4257 3 , , , 35419 4257 4 for for IN 35419 4257 5 example example NN 35419 4257 6 , , , 35419 4257 7 where where WRB 35419 4257 8 the the DT 35419 4257 9 soil soil NN 35419 4257 10 was be VBD 35419 4257 11 soon soon RB 35419 4257 12 exhausted exhaust VBN 35419 4257 13 by by IN 35419 4257 14 tobacco tobacco NN 35419 4257 15 culture culture NN 35419 4257 16 and and CC 35419 4257 17 modern modern JJ 35419 4257 18 fertilizers fertilizer NNS 35419 4257 19 were be VBD 35419 4257 20 unknown unknown JJ 35419 4257 21 , , , 35419 4257 22 there there EX 35419 4257 23 was be VBD 35419 4257 24 a a DT 35419 4257 25 continual continual JJ 35419 4257 26 advance advance NN 35419 4257 27 into into IN 35419 4257 28 the the DT 35419 4257 29 woods wood NNS 35419 4257 30 to to TO 35419 4257 31 plant plant VB 35419 4257 32 on on IN 35419 4257 33 new new JJ 35419 4257 34 and and CC 35419 4257 35 richer rich JJR 35419 4257 36 land land NN 35419 4257 37 . . . 35419 4258 1 The the DT 35419 4258 2 forest forest NN 35419 4258 3 was be VBD 35419 4258 4 also also RB 35419 4258 5 full full JJ 35419 4258 6 of of IN 35419 4258 7 enemies enemy NNS 35419 4258 8 to to IN 35419 4258 9 the the DT 35419 4258 10 settler settler NN 35419 4258 11 , , , 35419 4258 12 both both DT 35419 4258 13 animals animal NNS 35419 4258 14 and and CC 35419 4258 15 Indians Indians NNPS 35419 4258 16 , , , 35419 4258 17 and and CC 35419 4258 18 was be VBD 35419 4258 19 a a DT 35419 4258 20 dreaded dreaded JJ 35419 4258 21 field field NN 35419 4258 22 for for IN 35419 4258 23 fire fire NN 35419 4258 24 . . . 35419 4259 1 So so CC 35419 4259 2 there there EX 35419 4259 3 grew grow VBD 35419 4259 4 up up RP 35419 4259 5 a a DT 35419 4259 6 feeling feeling NN 35419 4259 7 of of IN 35419 4259 8 hate hate NN 35419 4259 9 and and CC 35419 4259 10 fear fear NN 35419 4259 11 for for IN 35419 4259 12 the the DT 35419 4259 13 forest forest NN 35419 4259 14 . . . 35419 4260 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 4260 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 4260 3 : : : 35419 4260 4 Fig Fig NNP 35419 4260 5 . . . 35419 4261 1 111 111 CD 35419 4261 2 . . . 35419 4262 1 Forest forest NN 35419 4262 2 Giving give VBG 35419 4262 3 Place Place NNP 35419 4262 4 to to IN 35419 4262 5 Farm Farm NNP 35419 4262 6 Land Land NNP 35419 4262 7 . . . 35419 4263 1 North North NNP 35419 4263 2 Carolina Carolina NNP 35419 4263 3 . . . 35419 4264 1 _ _ NNP 35419 4264 2 U. U. NNP 35419 4265 1 S. S. NNP 35419 4265 2 Forest Forest NNP 35419 4265 3 Service Service NNP 35419 4265 4 . . . 35419 4265 5 _ _ NNP 35419 4265 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 4265 7 More More JJR 35419 4265 8 than than IN 35419 4265 9 that that IN 35419 4265 10 the the DT 35419 4265 11 forest forest NN 35419 4265 12 seemed seem VBD 35419 4265 13 exhaustless exhaustless NN 35419 4265 14 . . . 35419 4266 1 The the DT 35419 4266 2 clearings clearing NNS 35419 4266 3 were be VBD 35419 4266 4 at at IN 35419 4266 5 first first JJ 35419 4266 6 only only RB 35419 4266 7 specks speck NNS 35419 4266 8 in in IN 35419 4266 9 the the DT 35419 4266 10 woods wood NNS 35419 4266 11 , , , 35419 4266 12 and and CC 35419 4266 13 even even RB 35419 4266 14 when when WRB 35419 4266 15 they -PRON- PRP 35419 4266 16 were be VBD 35419 4266 17 pushed push VBN 35419 4266 18 farther farther RB 35419 4266 19 and and CC 35419 4266 20 farther far RBR 35419 4266 21 back back RB 35419 4266 22 from from IN 35419 4266 23 the the DT 35419 4266 24 seacoast seacoast NN 35419 4266 25 , , , 35419 4266 26 there there EX 35419 4266 27 was be VBD 35419 4266 28 plenty plenty NN 35419 4266 29 of of IN 35419 4266 30 timber timber NN 35419 4266 31 beyond beyond IN 35419 4266 32 . . . 35419 4267 1 The the DT 35419 4267 2 idea idea NN 35419 4267 3 that that IN 35419 4267 4 the the DT 35419 4267 5 area area NN 35419 4267 6 of of IN 35419 4267 7 this this DT 35419 4267 8 forest forest NN 35419 4267 9 could could MD 35419 4267 10 ever ever RB 35419 4267 11 be be VB 35419 4267 12 diminished diminish VBN 35419 4267 13 by by IN 35419 4267 14 human human JJ 35419 4267 15 hands hand NNS 35419 4267 16 to to IN 35419 4267 17 any any DT 35419 4267 18 appreciable appreciable JJ 35419 4267 19 extent extent NN 35419 4267 20 so so IN 35419 4267 21 that that IN 35419 4267 22 people people NNS 35419 4267 23 would would MD 35419 4267 24 become become VB 35419 4267 25 afraid afraid JJ 35419 4267 26 of of IN 35419 4267 27 not not RB 35419 4267 28 having have VBG 35419 4267 29 woodland woodland JJ 35419 4267 30 enough enough RB 35419 4267 31 to to TO 35419 4267 32 supply supply VB 35419 4267 33 them -PRON- PRP 35419 4267 34 with with IN 35419 4267 35 the the DT 35419 4267 36 needed need VBN 35419 4267 37 lumber lumber NN 35419 4267 38 , , , 35419 4267 39 would would MD 35419 4267 40 have have VB 35419 4267 41 seemed seem VBN 35419 4267 42 an an DT 35419 4267 43 utter utter JJ 35419 4267 44 absurdity absurdity NN 35419 4267 45 to to IN 35419 4267 46 the the DT 35419 4267 47 backwoodsman backwoodsman NN 35419 4267 48 . . . 35419 4268 1 * * NFP 35419 4268 2 * * NFP 35419 4268 3 * * NFP 35419 4268 4 Thus thus RB 35419 4268 5 the the DT 35419 4268 6 legend legend NN 35419 4268 7 arose arise VBD 35419 4268 8 of of IN 35419 4268 9 the the DT 35419 4268 10 inexhaustible inexhaustible JJ 35419 4268 11 supply supply NN 35419 4268 12 of of IN 35419 4268 13 lumber lumber NN 35419 4268 14 in in IN 35419 4268 15 American american JJ 35419 4268 16 forests forest NNS 35419 4268 17 , , , 35419 4268 18 a a DT 35419 4268 19 legend legend NN 35419 4268 20 which which WDT 35419 4268 21 only only RB 35419 4268 22 within within IN 35419 4268 23 the the DT 35419 4268 24 last last JJ 35419 4268 25 twenty twenty CD 35419 4268 26 years year NNS 35419 4268 27 has have VBZ 35419 4268 28 given give VBN 35419 4268 29 place place NN 35419 4268 30 to to IN 35419 4268 31 juster juster NN 35419 4268 32 notions notion NNS 35419 4268 33 . . . 35419 4269 1 ( ( -LRB- 35419 4269 2 Bruncken Bruncken NNP 35419 4269 3 , , , 35419 4269 4 p. p. NN 35419 4270 1 57 57 CD 35419 4270 2 . . . 35419 4270 3 ) ) -RRB- 35419 4271 1 This this DT 35419 4271 2 tradition tradition NN 35419 4271 3 of of IN 35419 4271 4 abundant abundant JJ 35419 4271 5 supply supply NN 35419 4271 6 and and CC 35419 4271 7 the the DT 35419 4271 8 feeling feeling NN 35419 4271 9 of of IN 35419 4271 10 hostility hostility NN 35419 4271 11 to to IN 35419 4271 12 the the DT 35419 4271 13 forest forest NN 35419 4271 14 lasted last VBN 35419 4271 15 long long RB 35419 4271 16 after after IN 35419 4271 17 the the DT 35419 4271 18 reasons reason NNS 35419 4271 19 for for IN 35419 4271 20 them -PRON- PRP 35419 4271 21 had have VBD 35419 4271 22 disappeared disappear VBN 35419 4271 23 . . . 35419 4272 1 When when WRB 35419 4272 2 we -PRON- PRP 35419 4272 3 remember remember VBP 35419 4272 4 that that IN 35419 4272 5 every every DT 35419 4272 6 farm farm NN 35419 4272 7 in in IN 35419 4272 8 the the DT 35419 4272 9 eastern eastern JJ 35419 4272 10 United United NNP 35419 4272 11 States States NNP 35419 4272 12 , , , 35419 4272 13 is be VBZ 35419 4272 14 made make VBN 35419 4272 15 from from IN 35419 4272 16 reclaimed reclaim VBN 35419 4272 17 forest forest NN 35419 4272 18 land land NN 35419 4272 19 and and CC 35419 4272 20 that that IN 35419 4272 21 for for IN 35419 4272 22 decades decade NNS 35419 4272 23 lumber lumber NN 35419 4272 24 was be VBD 35419 4272 25 always always RB 35419 4272 26 within within IN 35419 4272 27 reach reach VB 35419 4272 28 up up RP 35419 4272 29 the the DT 35419 4272 30 rivers river NNS 35419 4272 31 , , , 35419 4272 32 down down RB 35419 4272 33 which which WDT 35419 4272 34 it -PRON- PRP 35419 4272 35 was be VBD 35419 4272 36 floated float VBN 35419 4272 37 , , , 35419 4272 38 it -PRON- PRP 35419 4272 39 is be VBZ 35419 4272 40 not not RB 35419 4272 41 strange strange JJ 35419 4272 42 that that IN 35419 4272 43 reckless reckless JJ 35419 4272 44 and and CC 35419 4272 45 extravagant extravagant JJ 35419 4272 46 methods method NNS 35419 4272 47 of of IN 35419 4272 48 cutting cut VBG 35419 4272 49 and and CC 35419 4272 50 using use VBG 35419 4272 51 it -PRON- PRP 35419 4272 52 prevailed prevail VBD 35419 4272 53 . . . 35419 4273 1 Following follow VBG 35419 4273 2 the the DT 35419 4273 3 settler settler NN 35419 4273 4 came come VBD 35419 4273 5 the the DT 35419 4273 6 lumberman lumberman NN 35419 4273 7 , , , 35419 4273 8 who who WP 35419 4273 9 continued continue VBD 35419 4273 10 the the DT 35419 4273 11 same same JJ 35419 4273 12 method method NN 35419 4273 13 of of IN 35419 4273 14 laying lay VBG 35419 4273 15 waste waste NN 35419 4273 16 the the DT 35419 4273 17 forest forest NN 35419 4273 18 land land NN 35419 4273 19 . . . 35419 4274 1 The the DT 35419 4274 2 lumber lumber NN 35419 4274 3 market market NN 35419 4274 4 grew grow VBD 35419 4274 5 slowly slowly RB 35419 4274 6 at at IN 35419 4274 7 first first RB 35419 4274 8 , , , 35419 4274 9 but but CC 35419 4274 10 later later RB 35419 4274 11 developed develop VBN 35419 4274 12 by by IN 35419 4274 13 leaps leap NNS 35419 4274 14 and and CC 35419 4274 15 bounds bound NNS 35419 4274 16 , , , 35419 4274 17 until until IN 35419 4274 18 now now RB 35419 4274 19 the the DT 35419 4274 20 output output NN 35419 4274 21 is be VBZ 35419 4274 22 enormous enormous JJ 35419 4274 23 . . . 35419 4275 1 Lumbering lumber VBG 35419 4275 2 in in IN 35419 4275 3 America America NNP 35419 4275 4 has have VBZ 35419 4275 5 come come VBN 35419 4275 6 to to TO 35419 4275 7 be be VB 35419 4275 8 synonymous synonymous JJ 35419 4275 9 with with IN 35419 4275 10 the the DT 35419 4275 11 clearing clearing NN 35419 4275 12 off off RP 35419 4275 13 of of IN 35419 4275 14 all all PDT 35419 4275 15 the the DT 35419 4275 16 marketable marketable JJ 35419 4275 17 timber timber NN 35419 4275 18 , , , 35419 4275 19 regardless regardless RB 35419 4275 20 of of IN 35419 4275 21 the the DT 35419 4275 22 future future NN 35419 4275 23 . . . 35419 4276 1 It -PRON- PRP 35419 4276 2 treats treat VBZ 35419 4276 3 the the DT 35419 4276 4 forest forest NN 35419 4276 5 as as IN 35419 4276 6 tho tho NN 35419 4276 7 it -PRON- PRP 35419 4276 8 were be VBD 35419 4276 9 a a DT 35419 4276 10 mine mine NN 35419 4276 11 , , , 35419 4276 12 not not RB 35419 4276 13 a a DT 35419 4276 14 crop crop NN 35419 4276 15 , , , 35419 4276 16 Fig Fig NNP 35419 4276 17 . . . 35419 4277 1 112 112 CD 35419 4277 2 . . . 35419 4278 1 Since since IN 35419 4278 2 1880 1880 CD 35419 4278 3 the the DT 35419 4278 4 total total JJ 35419 4278 5 cut cut NN 35419 4278 6 has have VBZ 35419 4278 7 been be VBN 35419 4278 8 over over IN 35419 4278 9 700,000,000 700,000,000 CD 35419 4278 10 feet foot NNS 35419 4278 11 , , , 35419 4278 12 enough enough RB 35419 4278 13 to to TO 35419 4278 14 make make VB 35419 4278 15 a a DT 35419 4278 16 one one CD 35419 4278 17 inch inch NN 35419 4278 18 floor floor NN 35419 4278 19 over over IN 35419 4278 20 Vermont Vermont NNP 35419 4278 21 , , , 35419 4278 22 Massachusetts Massachusetts NNP 35419 4278 23 , , , 35419 4278 24 Connecticut Connecticut NNP 35419 4278 25 , , , 35419 4278 26 Rhode Rhode NNP 35419 4278 27 Island Island NNP 35419 4278 28 and and CC 35419 4278 29 Delaware Delaware NNP 35419 4278 30 , , , 35419 4278 31 or or CC 35419 4278 32 one one CD 35419 4278 33 - - HYPH 35419 4278 34 half half NN 35419 4278 35 of of IN 35419 4278 36 the the DT 35419 4278 37 State State NNP 35419 4278 38 of of IN 35419 4278 39 New New NNP 35419 4278 40 York York NNP 35419 4278 41 , , , 35419 4278 42 an an DT 35419 4278 43 area area NN 35419 4278 44 of of IN 35419 4278 45 25,000 25,000 CD 35419 4278 46 square square JJ 35419 4278 47 miles mile NNS 35419 4278 48 . . . 35419 4279 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 4279 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 4279 3 : : : 35419 4279 4 Fig Fig NNP 35419 4279 5 . . . 35419 4280 1 112 112 CD 35419 4280 2 . . . 35419 4281 1 Redwood Redwood NNP 35419 4281 2 Forest forest NN 35419 4281 3 Turned turn VBD 35419 4281 4 Into into IN 35419 4281 5 Pasture Pasture NNP 35419 4281 6 . . . 35419 4282 1 California California NNP 35419 4282 2 . . . 35419 4283 1 _ _ NNP 35419 4283 2 U. U. NNP 35419 4284 1 S. S. NNP 35419 4284 2 Forest Forest NNP 35419 4284 3 Service Service NNP 35419 4284 4 . . . 35419 4284 5 _ _ NNP 35419 4284 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 4284 7 Other other JJ 35419 4284 8 countries country NNS 35419 4284 9 , , , 35419 4284 10 too too RB 35419 4284 11 , , , 35419 4284 12 have have VBP 35419 4284 13 devastated devastate VBN 35419 4284 14 their -PRON- PRP$ 35419 4284 15 forests forest NNS 35419 4284 16 . . . 35419 4285 1 Portugal Portugal NNP 35419 4285 2 has have VBZ 35419 4285 3 a a DT 35419 4285 4 forest forest NN 35419 4285 5 area area NN 35419 4285 6 of of IN 35419 4285 7 only only RB 35419 4285 8 5 5 CD 35419 4285 9 per per NN 35419 4285 10 cent cent NN 35419 4285 11 . . . 35419 4286 1 of of IN 35419 4286 2 the the DT 35419 4286 3 total total JJ 35419 4286 4 land land NN 35419 4286 5 area area NN 35419 4286 6 , , , 35419 4286 7 Spain Spain NNP 35419 4286 8 and and CC 35419 4286 9 Greece Greece NNP 35419 4286 10 , , , 35419 4286 11 each each DT 35419 4286 12 13 13 CD 35419 4286 13 per per NN 35419 4286 14 cent cent NN 35419 4286 15 . . . 35419 4286 16 , , , 35419 4286 17 Italy Italy NNP 35419 4286 18 14 14 CD 35419 4286 19 per per NN 35419 4286 20 cent cent NN 35419 4286 21 . . . 35419 4287 1 and and CC 35419 4287 2 Turkey Turkey NNP 35419 4287 3 20 20 CD 35419 4287 4 per per IN 35419 4287 5 cent cent NN 35419 4287 6 . . . 35419 4288 1 Whether whether IN 35419 4288 2 the the DT 35419 4288 3 destruction destruction NN 35419 4288 4 of of IN 35419 4288 5 the the DT 35419 4288 6 American american JJ 35419 4288 7 forests forest NNS 35419 4288 8 shall shall MD 35419 4288 9 go go VB 35419 4288 10 as as RB 35419 4288 11 far far RB 35419 4288 12 as as IN 35419 4288 13 this this DT 35419 4288 14 is be VBZ 35419 4288 15 now now RB 35419 4288 16 a a DT 35419 4288 17 live live JJ 35419 4288 18 question question NN 35419 4288 19 which which WDT 35419 4288 20 has have VBZ 35419 4288 21 only only RB 35419 4288 22 just just RB 35419 4288 23 begun begin VBN 35419 4288 24 to to TO 35419 4288 25 be be VB 35419 4288 26 appreciated appreciate VBN 35419 4288 27 . . . 35419 4289 1 Another another DT 35419 4289 2 reason reason NN 35419 4289 3 for for IN 35419 4289 4 the the DT 35419 4289 5 reckless reckless JJ 35419 4289 6 American american JJ 35419 4289 7 attitude attitude NN 35419 4289 8 toward toward IN 35419 4289 9 the the DT 35419 4289 10 forest forest NN 35419 4289 11 is be VBZ 35419 4289 12 the the DT 35419 4289 13 frequency frequency NN 35419 4289 14 and and CC 35419 4289 15 severity severity NN 35419 4289 16 of of IN 35419 4289 17 forest forest NN 35419 4289 18 fires fire NNS 35419 4289 19 . . . 35419 4290 1 This this DT 35419 4290 2 has have VBZ 35419 4290 3 led lead VBN 35419 4290 4 to to IN 35419 4290 5 the the DT 35419 4290 6 fear fear NN 35419 4290 7 on on IN 35419 4290 8 the the DT 35419 4290 9 part part NN 35419 4290 10 of of IN 35419 4290 11 lumbermen lumberman NNS 35419 4290 12 of of IN 35419 4290 13 losing lose VBG 35419 4290 14 what what WDT 35419 4290 15 stumpage stumpage NN 35419 4290 16 they -PRON- PRP 35419 4290 17 had have VBD 35419 4290 18 , , , 35419 4290 19 and and CC 35419 4290 20 so so RB 35419 4290 21 they -PRON- PRP 35419 4290 22 have have VBP 35419 4290 23 cleared clear VBN 35419 4290 24 their -PRON- PRP$ 35419 4290 25 holdings holding NNS 35419 4290 26 quickly quickly RB 35419 4290 27 and and CC 35419 4290 28 sold sell VBD 35419 4290 29 the the DT 35419 4290 30 timber timber NN 35419 4290 31 . . . 35419 4291 1 Their -PRON- PRP$ 35419 4291 2 motto motto NN 35419 4291 3 was be VBD 35419 4291 4 " " `` 35419 4291 5 cut cut VBN 35419 4291 6 or or CC 35419 4291 7 lose lose VB 35419 4291 8 . . . 35419 4291 9 " " '' 35419 4292 1 A a DT 35419 4292 2 third third JJ 35419 4292 3 incentive incentive NN 35419 4292 4 to to IN 35419 4292 5 devastative devastative JJ 35419 4292 6 methods method NNS 35419 4292 7 was be VBD 35419 4292 8 the the DT 35419 4292 9 levy levy NN 35419 4292 10 of of IN 35419 4292 11 what what WP 35419 4292 12 were be VBD 35419 4292 13 considered consider VBN 35419 4292 14 unjust unjust JJ 35419 4292 15 taxes taxis NNS 35419 4292 16 . . . 35419 4293 1 Hundreds hundred NNS 35419 4293 2 of of IN 35419 4293 3 thousands thousand NNS 35419 4293 4 of of IN 35419 4293 5 acres acre NNS 35419 4293 6 in in IN 35419 4293 7 the the DT 35419 4293 8 white white NNP 35419 4293 9 pine pine NNP 35419 4293 10 region region NN 35419 4293 11 , , , 35419 4293 12 notably notably RB 35419 4293 13 in in IN 35419 4293 14 Michigan Michigan NNP 35419 4293 15 , , , 35419 4293 16 Wisconsin Wisconsin NNP 35419 4293 17 , , , 35419 4293 18 and and CC 35419 4293 19 Minnesota Minnesota NNP 35419 4293 20 , , , 35419 4293 21 have have VBP 35419 4293 22 been be VBN 35419 4293 23 cut cut VBN 35419 4293 24 over over RP 35419 4293 25 , , , 35419 4293 26 abandoned abandon VBN 35419 4293 27 , , , 35419 4293 28 sold sell VBN 35419 4293 29 for for IN 35419 4293 30 taxes taxis NNS 35419 4293 31 , , , 35419 4293 32 and and CC 35419 4293 33 finally finally RB 35419 4293 34 reduced reduce VBN 35419 4293 35 by by IN 35419 4293 36 fire fire NN 35419 4293 37 to to IN 35419 4293 38 a a DT 35419 4293 39 useless useless JJ 35419 4293 40 wilderness wilderness NN 35419 4293 41 because because IN 35419 4293 42 of of IN 35419 4293 43 the the DT 35419 4293 44 shortsighted shortsighted JJ 35419 4293 45 policy policy NN 35419 4293 46 of of IN 35419 4293 47 heavy heavy JJ 35419 4293 48 taxation taxation NN 35419 4293 49 . . . 35419 4294 1 To to TO 35419 4294 2 lay lay VB 35419 4294 3 heavy heavy JJ 35419 4294 4 taxes taxis NNS 35419 4294 5 on on IN 35419 4294 6 timber timber NN 35419 4294 7 land land NN 35419 4294 8 is be VBZ 35419 4294 9 to to TO 35419 4294 10 set set VB 35419 4294 11 a a DT 35419 4294 12 premium premium NN 35419 4294 13 on on IN 35419 4294 14 forest forest NN 35419 4294 15 destruction destruction NN 35419 4294 16 , , , 35419 4294 17 a a DT 35419 4294 18 premium premium NN 35419 4294 19 that that WDT 35419 4294 20 is be VBZ 35419 4294 21 doing do VBG 35419 4294 22 more more JJR 35419 4294 23 than than IN 35419 4294 24 any any DT 35419 4294 25 other other JJ 35419 4294 26 single single JJ 35419 4294 27 factor factor NN 35419 4294 28 to to TO 35419 4294 29 hinder hinder VB 35419 4294 30 the the DT 35419 4294 31 spread spread NN 35419 4294 32 of of IN 35419 4294 33 conservative conservative JJ 35419 4294 34 lumbering lumbering NN 35419 4294 35 among among IN 35419 4294 36 the the DT 35419 4294 37 owners owner NNS 35419 4294 38 of of IN 35419 4294 39 large large JJ 35419 4294 40 bodies body NNS 35419 4294 41 of of IN 35419 4294 42 timber timber NN 35419 4294 43 land land NN 35419 4294 44 . . . 35419 4295 1 * * NFP 35419 4295 2 * * NFP 35419 4295 3 * * NFP 35419 4295 4 Heavy heavy JJ 35419 4295 5 taxes taxis NNS 35419 4295 6 are be VBP 35419 4295 7 responsible responsible JJ 35419 4295 8 for for IN 35419 4295 9 the the DT 35419 4295 10 barrenness barrenness NN 35419 4295 11 of of IN 35419 4295 12 thousands thousand NNS 35419 4295 13 of of IN 35419 4295 14 square square JJ 35419 4295 15 miles mile NNS 35419 4295 16 which which WDT 35419 4295 17 should should MD 35419 4295 18 never never RB 35419 4295 19 have have VB 35419 4295 20 ceased cease VBN 35419 4295 21 to to TO 35419 4295 22 be be VB 35419 4295 23 productive productive JJ 35419 4295 24 , , , 35419 4295 25 and and CC 35419 4295 26 which which WDT 35419 4295 27 must must MD 35419 4295 28 now now RB 35419 4295 29 lie lie VB 35419 4295 30 fallow fallow JJ 35419 4295 31 for for IN 35419 4295 32 many many JJ 35419 4295 33 decades decade NNS 35419 4295 34 before before IN 35419 4295 35 they -PRON- PRP 35419 4295 36 can can MD 35419 4295 37 be be VB 35419 4295 38 counted count VBN 35419 4295 39 again again RB 35419 4295 40 among among IN 35419 4295 41 the the DT 35419 4295 42 wealth wealth NN 35419 4295 43 - - HYPH 35419 4295 44 making make VBG 35419 4295 45 assets asset NNS 35419 4295 46 of of IN 35419 4295 47 the the DT 35419 4295 48 nation nation NN 35419 4295 49 . . . 35419 4296 1 ( ( -LRB- 35419 4296 2 Pinchot pinchot JJ 35419 4296 3 , , , 35419 4296 4 _ _ NNP 35419 4296 5 Agric Agric NNP 35419 4296 6 . . . 35419 4297 1 Yr yr UH 35419 4297 2 . . . 35419 4297 3 Bk Bk NNP 35419 4297 4 . . . 35419 4297 5 _ _ NNP 35419 4297 6 , , , 35419 4297 7 1898 1898 CD 35419 4297 8 , , , 35419 4297 9 pp pp NNP 35419 4297 10 . . . 35419 4298 1 184 184 CD 35419 4298 2 - - SYM 35419 4298 3 185 185 CD 35419 4298 4 . . . 35419 4298 5 ) ) -RRB- 35419 4299 1 On on IN 35419 4299 2 the the DT 35419 4299 3 treatment treatment NN 35419 4299 4 of of IN 35419 4299 5 the the DT 35419 4299 6 questions question NNS 35419 4299 7 of of IN 35419 4299 8 fire fire NN 35419 4299 9 and and CC 35419 4299 10 taxes taxis NNS 35419 4299 11 depends depend VBZ 35419 4299 12 the the DT 35419 4299 13 future future NN 35419 4299 14 of of IN 35419 4299 15 American american JJ 35419 4299 16 forest forest NN 35419 4299 17 industries industry NNS 35419 4299 18 . . . 35419 4300 1 ( ( -LRB- 35419 4300 2 Bruncken Bruncken NNP 35419 4300 3 , , , 35419 4300 4 p. p. NN 35419 4301 1 226 226 CD 35419 4301 2 . . . 35419 4301 3 ) ) -RRB- 35419 4302 1 Undoubtedly undoubtedly RB 35419 4302 2 much much JJ 35419 4302 3 waste waste NN 35419 4302 4 has have VBZ 35419 4302 5 been be VBN 35419 4302 6 caused cause VBN 35419 4302 7 by by IN 35419 4302 8 sheer sheer JJ 35419 4302 9 ignorance ignorance NN 35419 4302 10 of of IN 35419 4302 11 forest forest NN 35419 4302 12 conditions condition NNS 35419 4302 13 and and CC 35419 4302 14 methods method NNS 35419 4302 15 , , , 35419 4302 16 which which WDT 35419 4302 17 , , , 35419 4302 18 if if IN 35419 4302 19 followed follow VBN 35419 4302 20 , , , 35419 4302 21 would would MD 35419 4302 22 secure secure VB 35419 4302 23 successive successive JJ 35419 4302 24 crops crop NNS 35419 4302 25 instead instead RB 35419 4302 26 of of IN 35419 4302 27 one one CD 35419 4302 28 , , , 35419 4302 29 but but CC 35419 4302 30 it -PRON- PRP 35419 4302 31 is be VBZ 35419 4302 32 safe safe JJ 35419 4302 33 to to TO 35419 4302 34 say say VB 35419 4302 35 that that IN 35419 4302 36 the the DT 35419 4302 37 desire desire NN 35419 4302 38 for for IN 35419 4302 39 immediate immediate JJ 35419 4302 40 profits profit NNS 35419 4302 41 has have VBZ 35419 4302 42 been be VBN 35419 4302 43 the the DT 35419 4302 44 dominant dominant JJ 35419 4302 45 cause cause NN 35419 4302 46 of of IN 35419 4302 47 reckless reckless JJ 35419 4302 48 lumbering lumbering NN 35419 4302 49 . . . 35419 4303 1 So so RB 35419 4303 2 short short JJ 35419 4303 3 - - HYPH 35419 4303 4 sighted sighted JJ 35419 4303 5 has have VBZ 35419 4303 6 the the DT 35419 4303 7 policy policy NN 35419 4303 8 of of IN 35419 4303 9 private private JJ 35419 4303 10 owners owner NNS 35419 4303 11 proved prove VBD 35419 4303 12 itself -PRON- PRP 35419 4303 13 , , , 35419 4303 14 that that IN 35419 4303 15 it -PRON- PRP 35419 4303 16 is be VBZ 35419 4303 17 a a DT 35419 4303 18 question question NN 35419 4303 19 whether whether IN 35419 4303 20 any any DT 35419 4303 21 large large JJ 35419 4303 22 extent extent NN 35419 4303 23 of of IN 35419 4303 24 forest forest NN 35419 4303 25 land land NN 35419 4303 26 can can MD 35419 4303 27 safely safely RB 35419 4303 28 be be VB 35419 4303 29 left leave VBN 35419 4303 30 in in IN 35419 4303 31 private private JJ 35419 4303 32 hands hand NNS 35419 4303 33 . . . 35419 4304 1 No no DT 35419 4304 2 individual individual NN 35419 4304 3 lives live VBZ 35419 4304 4 long long RB 35419 4304 5 enough enough RB 35419 4304 6 to to TO 35419 4304 7 reap reap VB 35419 4304 8 more more JJR 35419 4304 9 than than IN 35419 4304 10 one one CD 35419 4304 11 forest forest NN 35419 4304 12 crop crop NN 35419 4304 13 . . . 35419 4305 1 Only only JJ 35419 4305 2 corporations corporation NNS 35419 4305 3 and and CC 35419 4305 4 States state NNS 35419 4305 5 can can MD 35419 4305 6 be be VB 35419 4305 7 expected expect VBN 35419 4305 8 to to TO 35419 4305 9 have have VB 35419 4305 10 an an DT 35419 4305 11 interest interest NN 35419 4305 12 long long RB 35419 4305 13 enough enough RB 35419 4305 14 continued continue VBD 35419 4305 15 to to TO 35419 4305 16 justify justify VB 35419 4305 17 the the DT 35419 4305 18 methods method NNS 35419 4305 19 of of IN 35419 4305 20 conservative conservative JJ 35419 4305 21 lumbering lumbering NN 35419 4305 22 . . . 35419 4306 1 As as IN 35419 4306 2 a a DT 35419 4306 3 matter matter NN 35419 4306 4 of of IN 35419 4306 5 fact fact NN 35419 4306 6 , , , 35419 4306 7 nearly nearly RB 35419 4306 8 one one CD 35419 4306 9 - - HYPH 35419 4306 10 half half NN 35419 4306 11 of of IN 35419 4306 12 the the DT 35419 4306 13 privately privately RB 35419 4306 14 owned own VBN 35419 4306 15 timber timber NN 35419 4306 16 of of IN 35419 4306 17 the the DT 35419 4306 18 United United NNP 35419 4306 19 States States NNP 35419 4306 20 is be VBZ 35419 4306 21 held hold VBN 35419 4306 22 by by IN 35419 4306 23 195 195 CD 35419 4306 24 great great JJ 35419 4306 25 holders holder NNS 35419 4306 26 , , , 35419 4306 27 the the DT 35419 4306 28 principal principal JJ 35419 4306 29 ones one NNS 35419 4306 30 being be VBG 35419 4306 31 the the DT 35419 4306 32 Southern Southern NNP 35419 4306 33 Pacific Pacific NNP 35419 4306 34 Company Company NNP 35419 4306 35 , , , 35419 4306 36 the the DT 35419 4306 37 Weyerhauser Weyerhauser NNP 35419 4306 38 Timber Timber NNP 35419 4306 39 Company Company NNP 35419 4306 40 , , , 35419 4306 41 and and CC 35419 4306 42 the the DT 35419 4306 43 Northern Northern NNP 35419 4306 44 Pacific Pacific NNP 35419 4306 45 Railway Railway NNP 35419 4306 46 Company Company NNP 35419 4306 47 , , , 35419 4306 48 which which WDT 35419 4306 49 together together RB 35419 4306 50 own own VBP 35419 4306 51 nearly nearly RB 35419 4306 52 11 11 CD 35419 4306 53 per per IN 35419 4306 54 cent cent NN 35419 4306 55 . . . 35419 4307 1 of of IN 35419 4307 2 the the DT 35419 4307 3 privately privately RB 35419 4307 4 owned own VBN 35419 4307 5 forests forest NNS 35419 4307 6 of of IN 35419 4307 7 the the DT 35419 4307 8 country country NN 35419 4307 9 . . . 35419 4308 1 These these DT 35419 4308 2 large large JJ 35419 4308 3 holders holder NNS 35419 4308 4 are be VBP 35419 4308 5 cutting cut VBG 35419 4308 6 little little JJ 35419 4308 7 of of IN 35419 4308 8 their -PRON- PRP$ 35419 4308 9 timber timber NN 35419 4308 10 , , , 35419 4308 11 their -PRON- PRP$ 35419 4308 12 object object NN 35419 4308 13 , , , 35419 4308 14 however however RB 35419 4308 15 , , , 35419 4308 16 being be VBG 35419 4308 17 not not RB 35419 4308 18 so so RB 35419 4308 19 much much JJ 35419 4308 20 to to TO 35419 4308 21 conserve conserve VB 35419 4308 22 the the DT 35419 4308 23 forests forest NNS 35419 4308 24 as as IN 35419 4308 25 to to TO 35419 4308 26 reserve reserve VB 35419 4308 27 to to IN 35419 4308 28 themselves -PRON- PRP 35419 4308 29 the the DT 35419 4308 30 incalculable incalculable JJ 35419 4308 31 private private JJ 35419 4308 32 profits profit NNS 35419 4308 33 which which WDT 35419 4308 34 are be VBP 35419 4308 35 expected expect VBN 35419 4308 36 to to TO 35419 4308 37 come come VB 35419 4308 38 with with IN 35419 4308 39 the the DT 35419 4308 40 future future JJ 35419 4308 41 enormous enormous JJ 35419 4308 42 increase increase NN 35419 4308 43 in in IN 35419 4308 44 the the DT 35419 4308 45 value value NN 35419 4308 46 of of IN 35419 4308 47 timber timber NN 35419 4308 48 . . . 35419 4309 1 Over over IN 35419 4309 2 against against IN 35419 4309 3 this this DT 35419 4309 4 policy policy NN 35419 4309 5 , , , 35419 4309 6 stands stand VBZ 35419 4309 7 that that DT 35419 4309 8 of of IN 35419 4309 9 the the DT 35419 4309 10 United United NNP 35419 4309 11 States States NNP 35419 4309 12 Forest Forest NNP 35419 4309 13 Service Service NNP 35419 4309 14 of of IN 35419 4309 15 increasing increase VBG 35419 4309 16 the the DT 35419 4309 17 area area NN 35419 4309 18 of of IN 35419 4309 19 the the DT 35419 4309 20 National National NNP 35419 4309 21 Forests Forests NNPS 35419 4309 22 in in IN 35419 4309 23 order order NN 35419 4309 24 to to TO 35419 4309 25 conserve conserve VB 35419 4309 26 them -PRON- PRP 35419 4309 27 for for IN 35419 4309 28 the the DT 35419 4309 29 public public JJ 35419 4309 30 welfare welfare NN 35419 4309 31 . . . 35419 4310 1 The the DT 35419 4310 2 pity pity NN 35419 4310 3 is be VBZ 35419 4310 4 that that IN 35419 4310 5 the the DT 35419 4310 6 government government NN 35419 4310 7 ever ever RB 35419 4310 8 let let VBD 35419 4310 9 the the DT 35419 4310 10 forests forest NNS 35419 4310 11 pass pass VB 35419 4310 12 out out IN 35419 4310 13 of of IN 35419 4310 14 its -PRON- PRP$ 35419 4310 15 hands hand NNS 35419 4310 16 . . . 35419 4311 1 Only only RB 35419 4311 2 forty forty CD 35419 4311 3 years year NNS 35419 4311 4 ago ago RB 35419 4311 5 seventy seventy CD 35419 4311 6 - - HYPH 35419 4311 7 five five CD 35419 4311 8 per per IN 35419 4311 9 cent cent NN 35419 4311 10 . . . 35419 4312 1 of of IN 35419 4312 2 the the DT 35419 4312 3 timber timber NN 35419 4312 4 now now RB 35419 4312 5 standing stand VBG 35419 4312 6 was be VBD 35419 4312 7 publicly publicly RB 35419 4312 8 owned own VBN 35419 4312 9 . . . 35419 4313 1 Now now RB 35419 4313 2 about about RB 35419 4313 3 eighty eighty CD 35419 4313 4 per per IN 35419 4313 5 cent cent NN 35419 4313 6 . . . 35419 4314 1 of of IN 35419 4314 2 it -PRON- PRP 35419 4314 3 is be VBZ 35419 4314 4 privately privately RB 35419 4314 5 owned own VBN 35419 4314 6 . . . 35419 4315 1 In in IN 35419 4315 2 the the DT 35419 4315 3 meanwhile meanwhile RB 35419 4315 4 its -PRON- PRP$ 35419 4315 5 value value NN 35419 4315 6 has have VBZ 35419 4315 7 increased increase VBN 35419 4315 8 anywhere anywhere RB 35419 4315 9 from from IN 35419 4315 10 ten ten CD 35419 4315 11 to to TO 35419 4315 12 fifty fifty CD 35419 4315 13 fold fold VB 35419 4315 14 , , , 35419 4315 15 according accord VBG 35419 4315 16 to to IN 35419 4315 17 locality locality NN 35419 4315 18 . . . 35419 4316 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 4316 2 3 3 LS 35419 4316 3 ] ] -RRB- 35419 4316 4 Some some DT 35419 4316 5 large large JJ 35419 4316 6 corporations corporation NNS 35419 4316 7 , , , 35419 4316 8 however however RB 35419 4316 9 , , , 35419 4316 10 like like IN 35419 4316 11 the the DT 35419 4316 12 Pennsylvania Pennsylvania NNP 35419 4316 13 Railroad Railroad NNP 35419 4316 14 , , , 35419 4316 15 the the DT 35419 4316 16 Kirby Kirby NNP 35419 4316 17 Lumber Lumber NNP 35419 4316 18 Company Company NNP 35419 4316 19 , , , 35419 4316 20 of of IN 35419 4316 21 Texas Texas NNP 35419 4316 22 , , , 35419 4316 23 and and CC 35419 4316 24 the the DT 35419 4316 25 International International NNP 35419 4316 26 Paper Paper NNP 35419 4316 27 Company Company NNP 35419 4316 28 , , , 35419 4316 29 have have VBP 35419 4316 30 entered enter VBN 35419 4316 31 upon upon IN 35419 4316 32 a a DT 35419 4316 33 policy policy NN 35419 4316 34 of of IN 35419 4316 35 conservative conservative JJ 35419 4316 36 lumbering lumbering NN 35419 4316 37 . . . 35419 4317 1 Of of IN 35419 4317 2 the the DT 35419 4317 3 actual actual JJ 35419 4317 4 practices practice NNS 35419 4317 5 which which WDT 35419 4317 6 distinguish distinguish VBP 35419 4317 7 destructive destructive JJ 35419 4317 8 lumbering lumbering NN 35419 4317 9 , , , 35419 4317 10 a a DT 35419 4317 11 few few JJ 35419 4317 12 may may MD 35419 4317 13 be be VB 35419 4317 14 cited cite VBN 35419 4317 15 . . . 35419 4318 1 Stumps stump NNS 35419 4318 2 are be VBP 35419 4318 3 cut cut VBN 35419 4318 4 too too RB 35419 4318 5 high high JJ 35419 4318 6 and and CC 35419 4318 7 tops top NNS 35419 4318 8 too too RB 35419 4318 9 low low JJ 35419 4318 10 . . . 35419 4319 1 Good good JJ 35419 4319 2 lumber lumber NN 35419 4319 3 is be VBZ 35419 4319 4 wasted waste VBN 35419 4319 5 on on IN 35419 4319 6 lumber lumber NN 35419 4319 7 roads road NNS 35419 4319 8 and and CC 35419 4319 9 bridges bridge NNS 35419 4319 10 , , , 35419 4319 11 Fig Fig NNP 35419 4319 12 . . . 35419 4320 1 113 113 CD 35419 4320 2 . . . 35419 4321 1 Saplings sapling NNS 35419 4321 2 are be VBP 35419 4321 3 torn tear VBN 35419 4321 4 down down RP 35419 4321 5 in in IN 35419 4321 6 dragging drag VBG 35419 4321 7 out out RP 35419 4321 8 logs log NNS 35419 4321 9 . . . 35419 4322 1 Slash slash NN 35419 4322 2 is be VBZ 35419 4322 3 left leave VBN 35419 4322 4 in in IN 35419 4322 5 condition condition NN 35419 4322 6 to to TO 35419 4322 7 foster foster VB 35419 4322 8 fires fire NNS 35419 4322 9 and and CC 35419 4322 10 left leave VBD 35419 4322 11 with with IN 35419 4322 12 no no DT 35419 4322 13 shade shade NN 35419 4322 14 protection protection NN 35419 4322 15 . . . 35419 4323 1 Seedlings seedling NNS 35419 4323 2 are be VBP 35419 4323 3 smothered smother VBN 35419 4323 4 with with IN 35419 4323 5 slash slash NN 35419 4323 6 . . . 35419 4324 1 Seed seed NN 35419 4324 2 trees tree NNS 35419 4324 3 are be VBP 35419 4324 4 all all DT 35419 4324 5 cut cut VBN 35419 4324 6 out out RP 35419 4324 7 leaving leave VBG 35419 4324 8 no no DT 35419 4324 9 chance chance NN 35419 4324 10 for for IN 35419 4324 11 reproduction reproduction NN 35419 4324 12 . . . 35419 4325 1 Only only RB 35419 4325 2 poorer poor JJR 35419 4325 3 sorts sort NNS 35419 4325 4 of of IN 35419 4325 5 trees tree NNS 35419 4325 6 are be VBP 35419 4325 7 left leave VBN 35419 4325 8 standing stand VBG 35419 4325 9 , , , 35419 4325 10 thus thus RB 35419 4325 11 insuring insure VBG 35419 4325 12 deterioration deterioration NN 35419 4325 13 . . . 35419 4326 1 Paper paper NN 35419 4326 2 pulp pulp NN 35419 4326 3 cutting cutting NN 35419 4326 4 goes go VBZ 35419 4326 5 even even RB 35419 4326 6 farther far RBR 35419 4326 7 than than IN 35419 4326 8 lumbering lumbering NN 35419 4326 9 , , , 35419 4326 10 and and CC 35419 4326 11 ordinarily ordinarily RB 35419 4326 12 leaves leave VBZ 35419 4326 13 nothing nothing NN 35419 4326 14 behind behind RB 35419 4326 15 but but CC 35419 4326 16 a a DT 35419 4326 17 howling howling NN 35419 4326 18 wilderness wilderness NN 35419 4326 19 . . . 35419 4327 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 4327 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 4327 3 : : : 35419 4327 4 Fig Fig NNP 35419 4327 5 . . . 35419 4328 1 113 113 CD 35419 4328 2 . . . 35419 4329 1 Red red JJ 35419 4329 2 Spruce spruce NN 35419 4329 3 Used use VBN 35419 4329 4 in in IN 35419 4329 5 Building Building NNP 35419 4329 6 Skidway Skidway NNP 35419 4329 7 , , , 35419 4329 8 and and CC 35419 4329 9 Left leave VBD 35419 4329 10 in in IN 35419 4329 11 the the DT 35419 4329 12 Woods Woods NNP 35419 4329 13 . . . 35419 4330 1 Hamilton Hamilton NNP 35419 4330 2 Co. Co. NNP 35419 4330 3 , , , 35419 4330 4 New New NNP 35419 4330 5 York York NNP 35419 4330 6 . . . 35419 4330 7 ] ] -RRB- 35419 4331 1 The the DT 35419 4331 2 production production NN 35419 4331 3 of of IN 35419 4331 4 turpentine turpentine NN 35419 4331 5 from from IN 35419 4331 6 the the DT 35419 4331 7 long long JJ 35419 4331 8 - - HYPH 35419 4331 9 leaf leaf NN 35419 4331 10 pine pine NN 35419 4331 11 , , , 35419 4331 12 Fig Fig NNP 35419 4331 13 . . . 35419 4332 1 114 114 CD 35419 4332 2 , , , 35419 4332 3 at at IN 35419 4332 4 the the DT 35419 4332 5 annual annual JJ 35419 4332 6 rate rate NN 35419 4332 7 of of IN 35419 4332 8 40,000 40,000 CD 35419 4332 9 barrels barrel NNS 35419 4332 10 has have VBZ 35419 4332 11 meant mean VBN 35419 4332 12 the the DT 35419 4332 13 devastation devastation NN 35419 4332 14 of of IN 35419 4332 15 70,000 70,000 CD 35419 4332 16 acres acre NNS 35419 4332 17 of of IN 35419 4332 18 virgin virgin JJ 35419 4332 19 forest forest NN 35419 4332 20 . . . 35419 4333 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 4333 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 4333 3 : : : 35419 4333 4 Fig Fig NNP 35419 4333 5 . . . 35419 4334 1 114 114 CD 35419 4334 2 . . . 35419 4335 1 Turpentine Turpentine NNP 35419 4335 2 Boxing Boxing NNP 35419 4335 3 , , , 35419 4335 4 Cup Cup NNP 35419 4335 5 System System NNP 35419 4335 6 . . . 35419 4336 1 Georgia Georgia NNP 35419 4336 2 . . . 35419 4337 1 _ _ NNP 35419 4337 2 U. U. NNP 35419 4338 1 S. S. NNP 35419 4338 2 Forest Forest NNP 35419 4338 3 Service Service NNP 35419 4338 4 . . . 35419 4338 5 _ _ NNP 35419 4338 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 4338 7 In in IN 35419 4338 8 view view NN 35419 4338 9 of of IN 35419 4338 10 this this DT 35419 4338 11 wholesale wholesale JJ 35419 4338 12 destruction destruction NN 35419 4338 13 it -PRON- PRP 35419 4338 14 becomes become VBZ 35419 4338 15 of of IN 35419 4338 16 interest interest NN 35419 4338 17 to to TO 35419 4338 18 know know VB 35419 4338 19 how how WRB 35419 4338 20 much much RB 35419 4338 21 still still RB 35419 4338 22 remains remain VBZ 35419 4338 23 of of IN 35419 4338 24 the the DT 35419 4338 25 timber timber NN 35419 4338 26 supply supply NN 35419 4338 27 of of IN 35419 4338 28 the the DT 35419 4338 29 United United NNP 35419 4338 30 States States NNP 35419 4338 31 . . . 35419 4339 1 The the DT 35419 4339 2 latest late JJS 35419 4339 3 and and CC 35419 4339 4 most most RBS 35419 4339 5 authoritative authoritative JJ 35419 4339 6 estimate estimate NN 35419 4339 7 of of IN 35419 4339 8 standing stand VBG 35419 4339 9 timber timber NN 35419 4339 10 in in IN 35419 4339 11 continental continental JJ 35419 4339 12 United United NNP 35419 4339 13 States States NNP 35419 4339 14 , , , 35419 4339 15 excluding exclude VBG 35419 4339 16 Alaska Alaska NNP 35419 4339 17 , , , 35419 4339 18 gives give VBZ 35419 4339 19 a a DT 35419 4339 20 total total NN 35419 4339 21 of of IN 35419 4339 22 2,800,000,000 2,800,000,000 NNP 35419 4339 23 M M NNP 35419 4339 24 feet foot NNS 35419 4339 25 B.M.,[4 B.M.,[4 NNP 35419 4339 26 ] ] -RRB- 35419 4339 27 of of IN 35419 4339 28 which which WDT 35419 4339 29 2,200,000,000 2,200,000,000 NNP 35419 4339 30 M m CD 35419 4339 31 feet foot NNS 35419 4339 32 are be VBP 35419 4339 33 privately privately RB 35419 4339 34 owned own VBN 35419 4339 35 , , , 35419 4339 36 about about RB 35419 4339 37 539,000,000 539,000,000 CD 35419 4339 38 M M NNP 35419 4339 39 feet foot NNS 35419 4339 40 are be VBP 35419 4339 41 in in IN 35419 4339 42 the the DT 35419 4339 43 National National NNP 35419 4339 44 Forests Forests NNPS 35419 4339 45 ( ( -LRB- 35419 4339 46 Fig fig NN 35419 4339 47 . . . 35419 4340 1 119 119 CD 35419 4340 2 , , , 35419 4340 3 p. p. NN 35419 4340 4 271 271 CD 35419 4340 5 , , , 35419 4340 6 ) ) -RRB- 35419 4340 7 and and CC 35419 4340 8 90,000,000 90,000,000 CD 35419 4340 9 M M NNP 35419 4340 10 feet foot NNS 35419 4340 11 are be VBP 35419 4340 12 on on IN 35419 4340 13 the the DT 35419 4340 14 unreserved unreserved JJ 35419 4340 15 public public JJ 35419 4340 16 lands land NNS 35419 4340 17 , , , 35419 4340 18 National national JJ 35419 4340 19 parks park NNS 35419 4340 20 , , , 35419 4340 21 State state NN 35419 4340 22 lands land NNS 35419 4340 23 and and CC 35419 4340 24 Indian indian JJ 35419 4340 25 reservations reservation NNS 35419 4340 26 . . . 35419 4341 1 Earlier early JJR 35419 4341 2 estimates estimate NNS 35419 4341 3 were be VBD 35419 4341 4 hardly hardly RB 35419 4341 5 more more JJR 35419 4341 6 than than IN 35419 4341 7 guesses guess NNS 35419 4341 8 . . . 35419 4342 1 For for IN 35419 4342 2 example example NN 35419 4342 3 the the DT 35419 4342 4 census census NN 35419 4342 5 of of IN 35419 4342 6 1880 1880 CD 35419 4342 7 estimated estimate VBD 35419 4342 8 the the DT 35419 4342 9 stumpage stumpage NN 35419 4342 10 of of IN 35419 4342 11 the the DT 35419 4342 12 U. U. NNP 35419 4342 13 S. S. NNP 35419 4342 14 at at IN 35419 4342 15 856,290,100 856,290,100 CD 35419 4342 16 M m CD 35419 4342 17 feet foot NNS 35419 4342 18 , , , 35419 4342 19 while while IN 35419 4342 20 the the DT 35419 4342 21 census census NN 35419 4342 22 of of IN 35419 4342 23 1900 1900 CD 35419 4342 24 gives give VBZ 35419 4342 25 a a DT 35419 4342 26 total total NN 35419 4342 27 of of IN 35419 4342 28 1,390,000,000 1,390,000,000 CD 35419 4342 29 M m CD 35419 4342 30 feet foot NNS 35419 4342 31 . . . 35419 4343 1 The the DT 35419 4343 2 discrepancy discrepancy NN 35419 4343 3 appears appear VBZ 35419 4343 4 still still RB 35419 4343 5 greater great JJR 35419 4343 6 when when WRB 35419 4343 7 it -PRON- PRP 35419 4343 8 is be VBZ 35419 4343 9 remembered remember VBN 35419 4343 10 that that IN 35419 4343 11 in in IN 35419 4343 12 the the DT 35419 4343 13 meantime meantime NN 35419 4343 14 700,000,000 700,000,000 CD 35419 4343 15 M m CD 35419 4343 16 feet foot NNS 35419 4343 17 were be VBD 35419 4343 18 cut cut VBN 35419 4343 19 . . . 35419 4344 1 Of of IN 35419 4344 2 this this DT 35419 4344 3 amount amount NN 35419 4344 4 500,000,000 500,000,000 CD 35419 4344 5 M m NN 35419 4344 6 feet foot NNS 35419 4344 7 were be VBD 35419 4344 8 of of IN 35419 4344 9 conifers conifer NNS 35419 4344 10 or or CC 35419 4344 11 80,000,000 80,000,000 CD 35419 4344 12 M M NNP 35419 4344 13 feet foot NNS 35419 4344 14 more more JJR 35419 4344 15 than than IN 35419 4344 16 were be VBD 35419 4344 17 included include VBN 35419 4344 18 in in IN 35419 4344 19 the the DT 35419 4344 20 estimate estimate NN 35419 4344 21 of of IN 35419 4344 22 1880 1880 CD 35419 4344 23 . . . 35419 4345 1 The the DT 35419 4345 2 simple simple JJ 35419 4345 3 fact fact NN 35419 4345 4 is be VBZ 35419 4345 5 of of IN 35419 4345 6 course course NN 35419 4345 7 that that IN 35419 4345 8 the the DT 35419 4345 9 earlier early JJR 35419 4345 10 estimates estimate NNS 35419 4345 11 were be VBD 35419 4345 12 gross gross JJ 35419 4345 13 underestimates underestimate NNS 35419 4345 14 , , , 35419 4345 15 due due IN 35419 4345 16 to to IN 35419 4345 17 the the DT 35419 4345 18 fact fact NN 35419 4345 19 that that IN 35419 4345 20 they -PRON- PRP 35419 4345 21 were be VBD 35419 4345 22 based base VBN 35419 4345 23 on on IN 35419 4345 24 entirely entirely RB 35419 4345 25 inadequate inadequate JJ 35419 4345 26 data datum NNS 35419 4345 27 , , , 35419 4345 28 and and CC 35419 4345 29 therefore therefore RB 35419 4345 30 can can MD 35419 4345 31 not not RB 35419 4345 32 be be VB 35419 4345 33 used use VBN 35419 4345 34 to to TO 35419 4345 35 obscure obscure VB 35419 4345 36 the the DT 35419 4345 37 now now RB 35419 4345 38 unquestionable unquestionable JJ 35419 4345 39 fact fact NN 35419 4345 40 that that IN 35419 4345 41 the the DT 35419 4345 42 timber timber NN 35419 4345 43 supply supply NN 35419 4345 44 of of IN 35419 4345 45 this this DT 35419 4345 46 country country NN 35419 4345 47 is be VBZ 35419 4345 48 surely surely RB 35419 4345 49 and and CC 35419 4345 50 rapidly rapidly RB 35419 4345 51 melting melt VBG 35419 4345 52 away away RB 35419 4345 53 . . . 35419 4346 1 The the DT 35419 4346 2 Forest Forest NNP 35419 4346 3 Service Service NNP 35419 4346 4 estimates estimate VBZ 35419 4346 5 that that IN 35419 4346 6 the the DT 35419 4346 7 present present JJ 35419 4346 8 annual annual JJ 35419 4346 9 cut cut NN 35419 4346 10 of of IN 35419 4346 11 saw saw NN 35419 4346 12 timber timber NN 35419 4346 13 is be VBZ 35419 4346 14 about about RB 35419 4346 15 50,000,000 50,000,000 CD 35419 4346 16 M m CD 35419 4346 17 feet foot NNS 35419 4346 18 . . . 35419 4347 1 At at IN 35419 4347 2 this this DT 35419 4347 3 rate rate NN 35419 4347 4 the the DT 35419 4347 5 present present JJ 35419 4347 6 stand stand NN 35419 4347 7 would would MD 35419 4347 8 last last VB 35419 4347 9 about about RB 35419 4347 10 55 55 CD 35419 4347 11 years year NNS 35419 4347 12 and and CC 35419 4347 13 the the DT 35419 4347 14 privately privately RB 35419 4347 15 owned own VBN 35419 4347 16 timber timber NN 35419 4347 17 only only RB 35419 4347 18 44 44 CD 35419 4347 19 years year NNS 35419 4347 20 . . . 35419 4348 1 This this DT 35419 4348 2 estimate estimate NN 35419 4348 3 does do VBZ 35419 4348 4 not not RB 35419 4348 5 allow allow VB 35419 4348 6 for for IN 35419 4348 7 growth growth NN 35419 4348 8 and and CC 35419 4348 9 decay decay NN 35419 4348 10 . . . 35419 4349 1 While while IN 35419 4349 2 the the DT 35419 4349 3 population population NN 35419 4349 4 of of IN 35419 4349 5 the the DT 35419 4349 6 United United NNP 35419 4349 7 States States NNP 35419 4349 8 increased increase VBD 35419 4349 9 52 52 CD 35419 4349 10 per per NN 35419 4349 11 cent cent NN 35419 4349 12 . . . 35419 4350 1 from from IN 35419 4350 2 1880 1880 CD 35419 4350 3 to to IN 35419 4350 4 1900 1900 CD 35419 4350 5 , , , 35419 4350 6 during during IN 35419 4350 7 the the DT 35419 4350 8 same same JJ 35419 4350 9 period period NN 35419 4350 10 the the DT 35419 4350 11 lumber lumber NN 35419 4350 12 - - HYPH 35419 4350 13 cut cut NN 35419 4350 14 increased increase VBD 35419 4350 15 94 94 CD 35419 4350 16 per per IN 35419 4350 17 cent cent NN 35419 4350 18 . . . 35419 4351 1 In in IN 35419 4351 2 other other JJ 35419 4351 3 words word NNS 35419 4351 4 the the DT 35419 4351 5 yearly yearly JJ 35419 4351 6 increase increase NN 35419 4351 7 in in IN 35419 4351 8 use use NN 35419 4351 9 is be VBZ 35419 4351 10 20 20 CD 35419 4351 11 to to TO 35419 4351 12 25 25 CD 35419 4351 13 per per NN 35419 4351 14 cent cent NN 35419 4351 15 . . . 35419 4352 1 per per IN 35419 4352 2 capita capita NNP 35419 4352 3 , , , 35419 4352 4 that that RB 35419 4352 5 is is RB 35419 4352 6 , , , 35419 4352 7 fast fast RB 35419 4352 8 as as IN 35419 4352 9 the the DT 35419 4352 10 population population NN 35419 4352 11 grows grow VBZ 35419 4352 12 , , , 35419 4352 13 the the DT 35419 4352 14 lumber lumber NN 35419 4352 15 consumption consumption NN 35419 4352 16 increases increase VBZ 35419 4352 17 nearly nearly RB 35419 4352 18 twice twice RB 35419 4352 19 as as RB 35419 4352 20 fast fast JJ 35419 4352 21 . . . 35419 4353 1 This this DT 35419 4353 2 increase increase NN 35419 4353 3 in in IN 35419 4353 4 the the DT 35419 4353 5 lumber lumber NN 35419 4353 6 - - HYPH 35419 4353 7 cut cut VBN 35419 4353 8 far far RB 35419 4353 9 overbalances overbalance NNS 35419 4353 10 the the DT 35419 4353 11 growth growth NN 35419 4353 12 of of IN 35419 4353 13 trees tree NNS 35419 4353 14 . . . 35419 4354 1 It -PRON- PRP 35419 4354 2 is be VBZ 35419 4354 3 also also RB 35419 4354 4 to to TO 35419 4354 5 be be VB 35419 4354 6 remembered remember VBN 35419 4354 7 that that IN 35419 4354 8 this this DT 35419 4354 9 increase increase NN 35419 4354 10 in in IN 35419 4354 11 the the DT 35419 4354 12 use use NN 35419 4354 13 of of IN 35419 4354 14 lumber lumber NN 35419 4354 15 is be VBZ 35419 4354 16 in in IN 35419 4354 17 spite spite NN 35419 4354 18 of of IN 35419 4354 19 the the DT 35419 4354 20 enormous enormous JJ 35419 4354 21 increase increase NN 35419 4354 22 of of IN 35419 4354 23 substitutes substitute NNS 35419 4354 24 for for IN 35419 4354 25 lumber lumber NN 35419 4354 26 , , , 35419 4354 27 such such JJ 35419 4354 28 as as IN 35419 4354 29 brick brick NN 35419 4354 30 , , , 35419 4354 31 cement cement NN 35419 4354 32 and and CC 35419 4354 33 steel steel NN 35419 4354 34 for for IN 35419 4354 35 building building NN 35419 4354 36 , , , 35419 4354 37 and and CC 35419 4354 38 steel steel NN 35419 4354 39 for for IN 35419 4354 40 bridges bridge NNS 35419 4354 41 , , , 35419 4354 42 vehicles vehicle NNS 35419 4354 43 , , , 35419 4354 44 fences fence NNS 35419 4354 45 , , , 35419 4354 46 machinery machinery NN 35419 4354 47 , , , 35419 4354 48 tools tool NNS 35419 4354 49 , , , 35419 4354 50 and and CC 35419 4354 51 implements implement NNS 35419 4354 52 of of IN 35419 4354 53 all all DT 35419 4354 54 kinds kind NNS 35419 4354 55 . . . 35419 4355 1 How how WRB 35419 4355 2 lavishly lavishly RB 35419 4355 3 we -PRON- PRP 35419 4355 4 use use VBP 35419 4355 5 lumber lumber NN 35419 4355 6 may may MD 35419 4355 7 further further RB 35419 4355 8 be be VB 35419 4355 9 appreciated appreciate VBN 35419 4355 10 from from IN 35419 4355 11 the the DT 35419 4355 12 fact fact NN 35419 4355 13 that that IN 35419 4355 14 we -PRON- PRP 35419 4355 15 consume consume VBP 35419 4355 16 260 260 CD 35419 4355 17 cubic cubic JJ 35419 4355 18 feet[5 feet[5 NNPS 35419 4355 19 ] ] -RRB- 35419 4355 20 per per IN 35419 4355 21 capita capita FW 35419 4355 22 , , , 35419 4355 23 while while IN 35419 4355 24 the the DT 35419 4355 25 average average NN 35419 4355 26 for for IN 35419 4355 27 13 13 CD 35419 4355 28 European european JJ 35419 4355 29 countries country NNS 35419 4355 30 is be VBZ 35419 4355 31 but but CC 35419 4355 32 49 49 CD 35419 4355 33 cubic cubic JJ 35419 4355 34 feet foot NNS 35419 4355 35 per per IN 35419 4355 36 capita capita NN 35419 4355 37 . . . 35419 4356 1 In in IN 35419 4356 2 other other JJ 35419 4356 3 words word NNS 35419 4356 4 every every DT 35419 4356 5 person person NN 35419 4356 6 in in IN 35419 4356 7 the the DT 35419 4356 8 U. U. NNP 35419 4356 9 S. S. NNP 35419 4356 10 is be VBZ 35419 4356 11 using use VBG 35419 4356 12 five five CD 35419 4356 13 times time NNS 35419 4356 14 as as RB 35419 4356 15 much much JJ 35419 4356 16 wood wood NN 35419 4356 17 as as IN 35419 4356 18 he -PRON- PRP 35419 4356 19 would would MD 35419 4356 20 use use VB 35419 4356 21 if if IN 35419 4356 22 he -PRON- PRP 35419 4356 23 lived live VBD 35419 4356 24 in in IN 35419 4356 25 Europe Europe NNP 35419 4356 26 . . . 35419 4357 1 It -PRON- PRP 35419 4357 2 is be VBZ 35419 4357 3 estimated estimate VBN 35419 4357 4 that that IN 35419 4357 5 on on IN 35419 4357 6 an an DT 35419 4357 7 average average JJ 35419 4357 8 each each DT 35419 4357 9 person person NN 35419 4357 10 in in IN 35419 4357 11 this this DT 35419 4357 12 country country NN 35419 4357 13 uses use VBZ 35419 4357 14 annually annually RB 35419 4357 15 the the DT 35419 4357 16 product product NN 35419 4357 17 of of IN 35419 4357 18 25 25 CD 35419 4357 19 acres acre NNS 35419 4357 20 of of IN 35419 4357 21 forest forest NN 35419 4357 22 . . . 35419 4358 1 _ _ NNP 35419 4358 2 The the DT 35419 4358 3 country country NN 35419 4358 4 as as IN 35419 4358 5 a a DT 35419 4358 6 whole whole NN 35419 4358 7 , , , 35419 4358 8 cuts cut VBZ 35419 4358 9 every every DT 35419 4358 10 year year NN 35419 4358 11 , , , 35419 4358 12 between between IN 35419 4358 13 three three CD 35419 4358 14 and and CC 35419 4358 15 four four CD 35419 4358 16 times time NNS 35419 4358 17 more more JJR 35419 4358 18 wood wood NN 35419 4358 19 than than IN 35419 4358 20 all all PDT 35419 4358 21 the the DT 35419 4358 22 forests forest NNS 35419 4358 23 grow grow VBP 35419 4358 24 in in IN 35419 4358 25 the the DT 35419 4358 26 meantime meantime NN 35419 4358 27 . . . 35419 4358 28 _ _ NNP 35419 4358 29 By by IN 35419 4358 30 contrast contrast NN 35419 4358 31 , , , 35419 4358 32 the the DT 35419 4358 33 principal principal JJ 35419 4358 34 countries country NNS 35419 4358 35 of of IN 35419 4358 36 Europe Europe NNP 35419 4358 37 , , , 35419 4358 38 cut cut VBD 35419 4358 39 just just RB 35419 4358 40 the the DT 35419 4358 41 annual annual JJ 35419 4358 42 growth growth NN 35419 4358 43 , , , 35419 4358 44 while while IN 35419 4358 45 Russia Russia NNP 35419 4358 46 , , , 35419 4358 47 Sweden Sweden NNP 35419 4358 48 and and CC 35419 4358 49 Japan Japan NNP 35419 4358 50 , , , 35419 4358 51 cut cut VBD 35419 4358 52 less less JJR 35419 4358 53 than than IN 35419 4358 54 the the DT 35419 4358 55 growth growth NN 35419 4358 56 . . . 35419 4359 1 In in IN 35419 4359 2 other other JJ 35419 4359 3 words word NNS 35419 4359 4 , , , 35419 4359 5 the the DT 35419 4359 6 2,800,000,000,000 2,800,000,000,000 CD 35419 4359 7 feet foot NNS 35419 4359 8 B.M. B.M. NNP 35419 4360 1 of of IN 35419 4360 2 the the DT 35419 4360 3 stumpage stumpage NN 35419 4360 4 of of IN 35419 4360 5 the the DT 35419 4360 6 United United NNP 35419 4360 7 States States NNP 35419 4360 8 is be VBZ 35419 4360 9 a a DT 35419 4360 10 capital capital NN 35419 4360 11 which which WDT 35419 4360 12 is be VBZ 35419 4360 13 constantly constantly RB 35419 4360 14 drawn draw VBN 35419 4360 15 upon upon IN 35419 4360 16 , , , 35419 4360 17 whereas wherea NNS 35419 4360 18 , , , 35419 4360 19 the the DT 35419 4360 20 944,700,000,000 944,700,000,000 CD 35419 4360 21 board board NN 35419 4360 22 feet foot NNS 35419 4360 23 of of IN 35419 4360 24 the the DT 35419 4360 25 forest forest NN 35419 4360 26 of of IN 35419 4360 27 the the DT 35419 4360 28 German German NNP 35419 4360 29 Empire Empire NNP 35419 4360 30 is be VBZ 35419 4360 31 a a DT 35419 4360 32 capital capital NN 35419 4360 33 which which WDT 35419 4360 34 is be VBZ 35419 4360 35 untouched untouched JJ 35419 4360 36 but but CC 35419 4360 37 produces produce VBZ 35419 4360 38 annually annually RB 35419 4360 39 300 300 CD 35419 4360 40 board board NN 35419 4360 41 feet foot NNS 35419 4360 42 per per IN 35419 4360 43 acre acre NN 35419 4360 44 . . . 35419 4361 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 4361 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 4361 3 : : : 35419 4361 4 Fig Fig NNP 35419 4361 5 . . . 35419 4362 1 115 115 CD 35419 4362 2 . . . 35419 4363 1 ( ( -LRB- 35419 4363 2 Lumber lumber NN 35419 4363 3 Production Production NNP 35419 4363 4 by by IN 35419 4363 5 Regions region NNS 35419 4363 6 , , , 35419 4363 7 1907 1907 CD 35419 4363 8 ) ) -RRB- 35419 4363 9 . . . 35419 4364 1 Southern Southern NNP 35419 4364 2 States States NNP 35419 4364 3 include include VBP 35419 4364 4 : : : 35419 4364 5 Virginia Virginia NNP 35419 4364 6 , , , 35419 4364 7 North North NNP 35419 4364 8 Carolina Carolina NNP 35419 4364 9 , , , 35419 4364 10 South South NNP 35419 4364 11 Carolina Carolina NNP 35419 4364 12 , , , 35419 4364 13 Georgia Georgia NNP 35419 4364 14 , , , 35419 4364 15 Florida Florida NNP 35419 4364 16 , , , 35419 4364 17 Alabama Alabama NNP 35419 4364 18 , , , 35419 4364 19 Mississippi Mississippi NNP 35419 4364 20 , , , 35419 4364 21 Louisiana Louisiana NNP 35419 4364 22 , , , 35419 4364 23 Arkansas Arkansas NNP 35419 4364 24 , , , 35419 4364 25 Texas Texas NNP 35419 4364 26 and and CC 35419 4364 27 Oklahoma Oklahoma NNP 35419 4364 28 . . . 35419 4365 1 Pacific Pacific NNP 35419 4365 2 States States NNP 35419 4365 3 include include VBP 35419 4365 4 : : : 35419 4365 5 Washington Washington NNP 35419 4365 6 , , , 35419 4365 7 Oregon Oregon NNP 35419 4365 8 and and CC 35419 4365 9 California California NNP 35419 4365 10 . . . 35419 4366 1 North North NNP 35419 4366 2 Atlantic Atlantic NNP 35419 4366 3 States States NNP 35419 4366 4 include include VBP 35419 4366 5 : : : 35419 4366 6 New New NNP 35419 4366 7 England England NNP 35419 4366 8 , , , 35419 4366 9 New New NNP 35419 4366 10 York York NNP 35419 4366 11 , , , 35419 4366 12 Pennsylvania Pennsylvania NNP 35419 4366 13 , , , 35419 4366 14 New New NNP 35419 4366 15 Jersey Jersey NNP 35419 4366 16 , , , 35419 4366 17 Delaware Delaware NNP 35419 4366 18 , , , 35419 4366 19 and and CC 35419 4366 20 Maryland Maryland NNP 35419 4366 21 . . . 35419 4367 1 Lake Lake NNP 35419 4367 2 States States NNP 35419 4367 3 include include VBP 35419 4367 4 : : : 35419 4367 5 Michigan Michigan NNP 35419 4367 6 , , , 35419 4367 7 Wisconsin Wisconsin NNP 35419 4367 8 , , , 35419 4367 9 and and CC 35419 4367 10 Minnesota Minnesota NNP 35419 4367 11 . . . 35419 4368 1 Central Central NNP 35419 4368 2 States States NNP 35419 4368 3 include include VBP 35419 4368 4 : : : 35419 4368 5 Ohio Ohio NNP 35419 4368 6 , , , 35419 4368 7 West West NNP 35419 4368 8 Virginia Virginia NNP 35419 4368 9 , , , 35419 4368 10 Kentucky Kentucky NNP 35419 4368 11 , , , 35419 4368 12 Tennessee Tennessee NNP 35419 4368 13 , , , 35419 4368 14 Indiana Indiana NNP 35419 4368 15 , , , 35419 4368 16 Illinois Illinois NNP 35419 4368 17 , , , 35419 4368 18 and and CC 35419 4368 19 Missouri Missouri NNP 35419 4368 20 . . . 35419 4369 1 Rocky Rocky NNP 35419 4369 2 Mountain Mountain NNP 35419 4369 3 States States NNP 35419 4369 4 include include VBP 35419 4369 5 : : : 35419 4369 6 Montana Montana NNP 35419 4369 7 , , , 35419 4369 8 Idaho Idaho NNP 35419 4369 9 , , , 35419 4369 10 Wyoming Wyoming NNP 35419 4369 11 , , , 35419 4369 12 Nevada Nevada NNP 35419 4369 13 , , , 35419 4369 14 Utah Utah NNP 35419 4369 15 , , , 35419 4369 16 Colorado Colorado NNP 35419 4369 17 , , , 35419 4369 18 Arizona Arizona NNP 35419 4369 19 , , , 35419 4369 20 and and CC 35419 4369 21 New New NNP 35419 4369 22 Mexico Mexico NNP 35419 4369 23 . . . 35419 4369 24 ] ] -RRB- 35419 4370 1 One one CD 35419 4370 2 striking strike VBG 35419 4370 3 evidence evidence NN 35419 4370 4 of of IN 35419 4370 5 the the DT 35419 4370 6 decrease decrease NN 35419 4370 7 of of IN 35419 4370 8 the the DT 35419 4370 9 timber timber NN 35419 4370 10 supply supply NN 35419 4370 11 is be VBZ 35419 4370 12 the the DT 35419 4370 13 shifting shifting NN 35419 4370 14 of of IN 35419 4370 15 its -PRON- PRP$ 35419 4370 16 sources source NNS 35419 4370 17 . . . 35419 4371 1 Once once IN 35419 4371 2 the the DT 35419 4371 3 northeastern northeastern JJ 35419 4371 4 States States NNP 35419 4371 5 produced produce VBD 35419 4371 6 over over IN 35419 4371 7 half half NN 35419 4371 8 of of IN 35419 4371 9 the the DT 35419 4371 10 lumber lumber NN 35419 4371 11 product product NN 35419 4371 12 . . . 35419 4372 1 They -PRON- PRP 35419 4372 2 reached reach VBD 35419 4372 3 their -PRON- PRP$ 35419 4372 4 relative relative JJ 35419 4372 5 maximum maximum NN 35419 4372 6 in in IN 35419 4372 7 1870 1870 CD 35419 4372 8 when when WRB 35419 4372 9 they -PRON- PRP 35419 4372 10 produced produce VBD 35419 4372 11 36 36 CD 35419 4372 12 per per NN 35419 4372 13 cent cent NN 35419 4372 14 . . . 35419 4373 1 At at IN 35419 4373 2 that that DT 35419 4373 3 time time NN 35419 4373 4 the the DT 35419 4373 5 Lake Lake NNP 35419 4373 6 States States NNP 35419 4373 7 produced produce VBD 35419 4373 8 about about IN 35419 4373 9 24 24 CD 35419 4373 10 per per NN 35419 4373 11 cent cent NN 35419 4373 12 . . . 35419 4374 1 By by IN 35419 4374 2 1890 1890 CD 35419 4374 3 the the DT 35419 4374 4 Lake Lake NNP 35419 4374 5 States States NNPS 35419 4374 6 came come VBD 35419 4374 7 to to IN 35419 4374 8 their -PRON- PRP$ 35419 4374 9 maximum maximum NN 35419 4374 10 of of IN 35419 4374 11 36 36 CD 35419 4374 12 per per NN 35419 4374 13 cent cent NN 35419 4374 14 . . . 35419 4375 1 Today today NN 35419 4375 2 the the DT 35419 4375 3 southern southern JJ 35419 4375 4 States state NNS 35419 4375 5 are be VBP 35419 4375 6 near near IN 35419 4375 7 their -PRON- PRP$ 35419 4375 8 maximum maximum NN 35419 4375 9 with with IN 35419 4375 10 41 41 CD 35419 4375 11 per per NN 35419 4375 12 cent cent NN 35419 4375 13 . . . 35419 4375 14 , , , 35419 4375 15 but but CC 35419 4375 16 the the DT 35419 4375 17 center center NN 35419 4375 18 will will MD 35419 4375 19 soon soon RB 35419 4375 20 shift shift VB 35419 4375 21 to to IN 35419 4375 22 the the DT 35419 4375 23 Pacific Pacific NNP 35419 4375 24 States States NNPS 35419 4375 25 . . . 35419 4376 1 Their -PRON- PRP$ 35419 4376 2 product product NN 35419 4376 3 rose rise VBD 35419 4376 4 from from IN 35419 4376 5 less less JJR 35419 4376 6 than than IN 35419 4376 7 10 10 CD 35419 4376 8 per per NN 35419 4376 9 cent cent NN 35419 4376 10 . . . 35419 4377 1 of of IN 35419 4377 2 the the DT 35419 4377 3 whole whole NN 35419 4377 4 in in IN 35419 4377 5 1900 1900 CD 35419 4377 6 to to IN 35419 4377 7 17 17 CD 35419 4377 8 per per NN 35419 4377 9 cent cent NN 35419 4377 10 . . . 35419 4378 1 in in IN 35419 4378 2 1908 1908 CD 35419 4378 3 , , , 35419 4378 4 Figs fig NNS 35419 4378 5 . . . 35419 4379 1 115 115 CD 35419 4379 2 and and CC 35419 4379 3 116 116 CD 35419 4379 4 . . . 35419 4380 1 When when WRB 35419 4380 2 that that DT 35419 4380 3 virgin virgin JJ 35419 4380 4 forest forest NN 35419 4380 5 has have VBZ 35419 4380 6 been be VBN 35419 4380 7 cut cut VBN 35419 4380 8 off off RP 35419 4380 9 , , , 35419 4380 10 there there EX 35419 4380 11 will will MD 35419 4380 12 be be VB 35419 4380 13 no no DT 35419 4380 14 new new JJ 35419 4380 15 region region NN 35419 4380 16 to to TO 35419 4380 17 exploit exploit VB 35419 4380 18 ; ; : 35419 4380 19 whereas whereas IN 35419 4380 20 , , , 35419 4380 21 heretofore heretofore RB 35419 4380 22 , , , 35419 4380 23 when when WRB 35419 4380 24 a a DT 35419 4380 25 region region NN 35419 4380 26 was be VBD 35419 4380 27 exhausted exhaust VBN 35419 4380 28 , , , 35419 4380 29 the the DT 35419 4380 30 lumbermen lumberman NNS 35419 4380 31 have have VBP 35419 4380 32 always always RB 35419 4380 33 had have VBN 35419 4380 34 a a DT 35419 4380 35 new new JJ 35419 4380 36 one one NN 35419 4380 37 to to TO 35419 4380 38 which which WDT 35419 4380 39 to to TO 35419 4380 40 move move VB 35419 4380 41 . . . 35419 4381 1 At at IN 35419 4381 2 the the DT 35419 4381 3 annual annual JJ 35419 4381 4 meeting meeting NN 35419 4381 5 of of IN 35419 4381 6 the the DT 35419 4381 7 Northern Northern NNP 35419 4381 8 Pine Pine NNP 35419 4381 9 Manufacturers Manufacturers NNPS 35419 4381 10 ' ' POS 35419 4381 11 Association Association NNP 35419 4381 12 in in IN 35419 4381 13 Minneapolis Minneapolis NNP 35419 4381 14 , , , 35419 4381 15 Minn. Minnesota NNP 35419 4381 16 , , , 35419 4381 17 January January NNP 35419 4381 18 22 22 CD 35419 4381 19 , , , 35419 4381 20 1907 1907 CD 35419 4381 21 , , , 35419 4381 22 Secretary Secretary NNP 35419 4381 23 J. J. NNP 35419 4381 24 E. E. NNP 35419 4381 25 Rhodes Rhodes NNP 35419 4381 26 made make VBD 35419 4381 27 this this DT 35419 4381 28 striking striking JJ 35419 4381 29 statement statement NN 35419 4381 30 : : : 35419 4381 31 Since since IN 35419 4381 32 1895 1895 CD 35419 4381 33 , , , 35419 4381 34 248 248 CD 35419 4381 35 firms firm NNS 35419 4381 36 , , , 35419 4381 37 representing represent VBG 35419 4381 38 an an DT 35419 4381 39 annual annual JJ 35419 4381 40 aggregate aggregate JJ 35419 4381 41 output output NN 35419 4381 42 of of IN 35419 4381 43 pine pine JJ 35419 4381 44 lumber lumber NN 35419 4381 45 of of IN 35419 4381 46 4 4 CD 35419 4381 47 - - SYM 35419 4381 48 1/4 1/4 CD 35419 4381 49 billion billion CD 35419 4381 50 feet foot NNS 35419 4381 51 , , , 35419 4381 52 have have VBP 35419 4381 53 retired retire VBN 35419 4381 54 from from IN 35419 4381 55 business business NN 35419 4381 56 , , , 35419 4381 57 due due IN 35419 4381 58 to to IN 35419 4381 59 the the DT 35419 4381 60 exhaustion exhaustion NN 35419 4381 61 of of IN 35419 4381 62 their -PRON- PRP$ 35419 4381 63 timber timber NN 35419 4381 64 supply supply NN 35419 4381 65 . . . 35419 4382 1 Plants plant NNS 35419 4382 2 representing represent VBG 35419 4382 3 approximately approximately RB 35419 4382 4 500 500 CD 35419 4382 5 million million CD 35419 4382 6 feet foot NNS 35419 4382 7 capacity capacity NN 35419 4382 8 , , , 35419 4382 9 which which WDT 35419 4382 10 sawed saw VBD 35419 4382 11 in in IN 35419 4382 12 1906 1906 CD 35419 4382 13 , , , 35419 4382 14 will will MD 35419 4382 15 not not RB 35419 4382 16 be be VB 35419 4382 17 operated operate VBN 35419 4382 18 in in IN 35419 4382 19 1907 1907 CD 35419 4382 20 . . . 35419 4383 1 The the DT 35419 4383 2 shifting shifting NN 35419 4383 3 of of IN 35419 4383 4 the the DT 35419 4383 5 chief chief JJ 35419 4383 6 sources source NNS 35419 4383 7 of of IN 35419 4383 8 supply supply NN 35419 4383 9 has have VBZ 35419 4383 10 , , , 35419 4383 11 of of IN 35419 4383 12 course course NN 35419 4383 13 , , , 35419 4383 14 been be VBN 35419 4383 15 accompanied accompany VBN 35419 4383 16 by by IN 35419 4383 17 a a DT 35419 4383 18 change change NN 35419 4383 19 in in IN 35419 4383 20 the the DT 35419 4383 21 kinds kind NNS 35419 4383 22 of of IN 35419 4383 23 lumber lumber NN 35419 4383 24 produced produce VBN 35419 4383 25 . . . 35419 4384 1 There there EX 35419 4384 2 was be VBD 35419 4384 3 a a DT 35419 4384 4 time time NN 35419 4384 5 when when WRB 35419 4384 6 white white JJ 35419 4384 7 pine pine NN 35419 4384 8 alone alone RB 35419 4384 9 constituted constitute VBD 35419 4384 10 one one CD 35419 4384 11 - - HYPH 35419 4384 12 half half NN 35419 4384 13 of of IN 35419 4384 14 the the DT 35419 4384 15 total total JJ 35419 4384 16 quantity quantity NN 35419 4384 17 . . . 35419 4385 1 In in IN 35419 4385 2 1900 1900 CD 35419 4385 3 this this DT 35419 4385 4 species specie NNS 35419 4385 5 furnished furnish VBN 35419 4385 6 but but CC 35419 4385 7 21.5 21.5 CD 35419 4385 8 per per IN 35419 4385 9 cent cent NN 35419 4385 10 . . . 35419 4385 11 , , , 35419 4385 12 in in IN 35419 4385 13 1904 1904 CD 35419 4385 14 only only RB 35419 4385 15 15 15 CD 35419 4385 16 per per NN 35419 4385 17 cent cent NN 35419 4385 18 . . . 35419 4385 19 , , , 35419 4385 20 of of IN 35419 4385 21 the the DT 35419 4385 22 lumber lumber NN 35419 4385 23 cut cut NN 35419 4385 24 . . . 35419 4386 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 4386 2 6 6 CD 35419 4386 3 ] ] -RRB- 35419 4386 4 We -PRON- PRP 35419 4386 5 do do VBP 35419 4386 6 not not RB 35419 4386 7 use use VB 35419 4386 8 less less JJR 35419 4386 9 pine pine JJ 35419 4386 10 because because IN 35419 4386 11 we -PRON- PRP 35419 4386 12 have have VBP 35419 4386 13 found find VBN 35419 4386 14 something something NN 35419 4386 15 better well JJR 35419 4386 16 , , , 35419 4386 17 but but CC 35419 4386 18 because because IN 35419 4386 19 we -PRON- PRP 35419 4386 20 have have VBP 35419 4386 21 to to TO 35419 4386 22 put put VB 35419 4386 23 up up RP 35419 4386 24 with with IN 35419 4386 25 something something NN 35419 4386 26 worse bad JJR 35419 4386 27 . . . 35419 4387 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 4387 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 4387 3 : : : 35419 4387 4 Fig Fig NNP 35419 4387 5 . . . 35419 4388 1 116 116 CD 35419 4388 2 . . . 35419 4389 1 ( ( -LRB- 35419 4389 2 Lumber lumber NN 35419 4389 3 Production production NN 35419 4389 4 by by IN 35419 4389 5 States state NNS 35419 4389 6 ) ) -RRB- 35419 4389 7 . . . 35419 4389 8 ] ] -RRB- 35419 4390 1 The the DT 35419 4390 2 present present JJ 35419 4390 3 annual annual JJ 35419 4390 4 cut cut NN 35419 4390 5 of of IN 35419 4390 6 southern southern JJ 35419 4390 7 yellow yellow JJ 35419 4390 8 pine pine NN 35419 4390 9 is be VBZ 35419 4390 10 about about RB 35419 4390 11 13 13 CD 35419 4390 12 - - SYM 35419 4390 13 1/4 1/4 CD 35419 4390 14 million million CD 35419 4390 15 M m CD 35419 4390 16 feet foot NNS 35419 4390 17 , , , 35419 4390 18 or or CC 35419 4390 19 a a DT 35419 4390 20 little little JJ 35419 4390 21 less less JJR 35419 4390 22 than than IN 35419 4390 23 one one CD 35419 4390 24 - - HYPH 35419 4390 25 third third NN 35419 4390 26 of of IN 35419 4390 27 the the DT 35419 4390 28 total total JJ 35419 4390 29 cut cut NN 35419 4390 30 of of IN 35419 4390 31 all all PDT 35419 4390 32 the the DT 35419 4390 33 species specie NNS 35419 4390 34 . . . 35419 4391 1 At at IN 35419 4391 2 the the DT 35419 4391 3 present present JJ 35419 4391 4 rate rate NN 35419 4391 5 of of IN 35419 4391 6 consumption consumption NN 35419 4391 7 , , , 35419 4391 8 it -PRON- PRP 35419 4391 9 is be VBZ 35419 4391 10 evident evident JJ 35419 4391 11 that that IN 35419 4391 12 within within IN 35419 4391 13 ten ten CD 35419 4391 14 or or CC 35419 4391 15 fifteen fifteen CD 35419 4391 16 years year NNS 35419 4391 17 , , , 35419 4391 18 there there EX 35419 4391 19 will will MD 35419 4391 20 be be VB 35419 4391 21 a a DT 35419 4391 22 most most RBS 35419 4391 23 serious serious JJ 35419 4391 24 shortage shortage NN 35419 4391 25 of of IN 35419 4391 26 it -PRON- PRP 35419 4391 27 . . . 35419 4392 1 Meanwhile meanwhile RB 35419 4392 2 the the DT 35419 4392 3 cut cut NN 35419 4392 4 of of IN 35419 4392 5 Douglas Douglas NNP 35419 4392 6 fir fir NN 35419 4392 7 on on IN 35419 4392 8 the the DT 35419 4392 9 Pacific Pacific NNP 35419 4392 10 coast coast NN 35419 4392 11 has have VBZ 35419 4392 12 increased increase VBN 35419 4392 13 from from IN 35419 4392 14 5 5 CD 35419 4392 15 per per NN 35419 4392 16 cent cent NN 35419 4392 17 . . . 35419 4393 1 of of IN 35419 4393 2 the the DT 35419 4393 3 total total JJ 35419 4393 4 lumber lumber NN 35419 4393 5 cut cut VBN 35419 4393 6 in in IN 35419 4393 7 1900 1900 CD 35419 4393 8 to to IN 35419 4393 9 12 12 CD 35419 4393 10 per per NN 35419 4393 11 cent cent NN 35419 4393 12 . . . 35419 4394 1 in in IN 35419 4394 2 1905 1905 CD 35419 4394 3 . . . 35419 4395 1 This this DT 35419 4395 2 increase increase NN 35419 4395 3 is be VBZ 35419 4395 4 in in IN 35419 4395 5 spite spite NN 35419 4395 6 of of IN 35419 4395 7 the the DT 35419 4395 8 fact fact NN 35419 4395 9 , , , 35419 4395 10 already already RB 35419 4395 11 noted note VBN 35419 4395 12 ( ( -LRB- 35419 4395 13 p. p. NN 35419 4395 14 262 262 CD 35419 4395 15 ) ) -RRB- 35419 4395 16 that that IN 35419 4395 17 the the DT 35419 4395 18 great great JJ 35419 4395 19 timber timber NN 35419 4395 20 owning own VBG 35419 4395 21 companies company NNS 35419 4395 22 of of IN 35419 4395 23 the the DT 35419 4395 24 northwest northwest NN 35419 4395 25 are be VBP 35419 4395 26 holding hold VBG 35419 4395 27 their -PRON- PRP$ 35419 4395 28 stumpage stumpage NN 35419 4395 29 for for IN 35419 4395 30 an an DT 35419 4395 31 expected expect VBN 35419 4395 32 great great JJ 35419 4395 33 increase increase NN 35419 4395 34 in in IN 35419 4395 35 value value NN 35419 4395 36 . . . 35419 4396 1 Another another DT 35419 4396 2 evidence evidence NN 35419 4396 3 of of IN 35419 4396 4 shortage shortage NN 35419 4396 5 is be VBZ 35419 4396 6 the the DT 35419 4396 7 almost almost RB 35419 4396 8 total total JJ 35419 4396 9 disappearance disappearance NN 35419 4396 10 of of IN 35419 4396 11 certain certain JJ 35419 4396 12 valuable valuable JJ 35419 4396 13 species specie NNS 35419 4396 14 . . . 35419 4397 1 Hickory Hickory NNP 35419 4397 2 , , , 35419 4397 3 which which WDT 35419 4397 4 once once RB 35419 4397 5 made make VBD 35419 4397 6 American american JJ 35419 4397 7 buggies buggy NNS 35419 4397 8 famous famous JJ 35419 4397 9 , , , 35419 4397 10 is be VBZ 35419 4397 11 getting get VBG 35419 4397 12 very very RB 35419 4397 13 scarce scarce JJ 35419 4397 14 , , , 35419 4397 15 and and CC 35419 4397 16 black black JJ 35419 4397 17 walnut walnut NN 35419 4397 18 once once RB 35419 4397 19 commonly commonly RB 35419 4397 20 used use VBN 35419 4397 21 for for IN 35419 4397 22 furniture furniture NN 35419 4397 23 , , , 35419 4397 24 is be VBZ 35419 4397 25 available available JJ 35419 4397 26 now now RB 35419 4397 27 for for IN 35419 4397 28 only only JJ 35419 4397 29 fine fine JJ 35419 4397 30 cabinet cabinet NN 35419 4397 31 work work NN 35419 4397 32 , , , 35419 4397 33 veneers veneer NNS 35419 4397 34 , , , 35419 4397 35 gun gun NN 35419 4397 36 stocks stock NNS 35419 4397 37 , , , 35419 4397 38 etc etc FW 35419 4397 39 . . . 35419 4398 1 Hardwoods hardwood NNS 35419 4398 2 that that WDT 35419 4398 3 are be VBP 35419 4398 4 fit fit JJ 35419 4398 5 for for IN 35419 4398 6 the the DT 35419 4398 7 saw saw NN 35419 4398 8 are be VBP 35419 4398 9 rapidly rapidly RB 35419 4398 10 decreasing decrease VBG 35419 4398 11 . . . 35419 4399 1 The the DT 35419 4399 2 hardwood hardwood NN 35419 4399 3 cut cut NN 35419 4399 4 of of IN 35419 4399 5 1900 1900 CD 35419 4399 6 of of IN 35419 4399 7 8,634,000 8,634,000 CD 35419 4399 8 M M NNP 35419 4399 9 feet foot NNS 35419 4399 10 diminished diminish VBN 35419 4399 11 in in IN 35419 4399 12 1904 1904 CD 35419 4399 13 to to IN 35419 4399 14 6,781,000 6,781,000 CD 35419 4399 15 M m CD 35419 4399 16 feet foot NNS 35419 4399 17 . . . 35419 4400 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 4400 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 4400 3 : : : 35419 4400 4 Fig Fig NNP 35419 4400 5 . . . 35419 4401 1 117 117 CD 35419 4401 2 . . . 35419 4402 1 ( ( -LRB- 35419 4402 2 Lumber lumber NN 35419 4402 3 Production production NN 35419 4402 4 by by IN 35419 4402 5 Species Species NNPS 35419 4402 6 ) ) -RRB- 35419 4402 7 . . . 35419 4402 8 ] ] -RRB- 35419 4403 1 A a DT 35419 4403 2 still still RB 35419 4403 3 further further JJ 35419 4403 4 evidence evidence NN 35419 4403 5 of of IN 35419 4403 6 the the DT 35419 4403 7 decreasing decrease VBG 35419 4403 8 supply supply NN 35419 4403 9 , , , 35419 4403 10 is be VBZ 35419 4403 11 the the DT 35419 4403 12 rising rise VBG 35419 4403 13 scale scale NN 35419 4403 14 of of IN 35419 4403 15 prices price NNS 35419 4403 16 . . . 35419 4404 1 White white JJ 35419 4404 2 pine pine NN 35419 4404 3 , , , 35419 4404 4 which which WDT 35419 4404 5 sold sell VBD 35419 4404 6 for for IN 35419 4404 7 $ $ $ 35419 4404 8 45.00 45.00 CD 35419 4404 9 per per IN 35419 4404 10 M m NN 35419 4404 11 during during IN 35419 4404 12 1887 1887 CD 35419 4404 13 - - SYM 35419 4404 14 1892 1892 CD 35419 4404 15 , , , 35419 4404 16 sold sell VBN 35419 4404 17 for for IN 35419 4404 18 $ $ $ 35419 4404 19 100.00 100.00 CD 35419 4404 20 f.o.b f.o.b JJ 35419 4404 21 . . . 35419 4405 1 N. N. NNP 35419 4405 2 Y. Y. NNP 35419 4405 3 , , , 35419 4405 4 Jan. January NNP 35419 4405 5 1 1 CD 35419 4405 6 , , , 35419 4405 7 1911 1911 CD 35419 4405 8 . . . 35419 4406 1 Yellow yellow JJ 35419 4406 2 poplar poplar NN 35419 4406 3 went go VBD 35419 4406 4 up up RP 35419 4406 5 in in IN 35419 4406 6 the the DT 35419 4406 7 same same JJ 35419 4406 8 period period NN 35419 4406 9 , , , 35419 4406 10 1887 1887 CD 35419 4406 11 - - SYM 35419 4406 12 1911 1911 CD 35419 4406 13 , , , 35419 4406 14 from from IN 35419 4406 15 $ $ $ 35419 4406 16 29.00 29.00 CD 35419 4406 17 to to IN 35419 4406 18 $ $ $ 35419 4406 19 63.00 63.00 CD 35419 4406 20 . . . 35419 4407 1 Yellow yellow JJ 35419 4407 2 pine pine NN 35419 4407 3 rose rise VBD 35419 4407 4 from from IN 35419 4407 5 $ $ $ 35419 4407 6 18.00 18.00 CD 35419 4407 7 in in IN 35419 4407 8 1896 1896 CD 35419 4407 9 to to IN 35419 4407 10 $ $ $ 35419 4407 11 47.00 47.00 CD 35419 4407 12 in in IN 35419 4407 13 1911 1911 CD 35419 4407 14 , , , 35419 4407 15 and and CC 35419 4407 16 hemlock hemlock NNP 35419 4407 17 , , , 35419 4407 18 the the DT 35419 4407 19 meanest mean JJS 35419 4407 20 of of IN 35419 4407 21 all all DT 35419 4407 22 woods wood NNS 35419 4407 23 , , , 35419 4407 24 from from IN 35419 4407 25 $ $ $ 35419 4407 26 11.50 11.50 CD 35419 4407 27 in in IN 35419 4407 28 1889 1889 CD 35419 4407 29 to to IN 35419 4407 30 $ $ $ 35419 4407 31 21.00 21.00 CD 35419 4407 32 in in IN 35419 4407 33 1911 1911 CD 35419 4407 34 , , , 35419 4407 35 Fig Fig NNP 35419 4407 36 . . . 35419 4408 1 118 118 CD 35419 4408 2 . . . 35419 4409 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 4409 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 4409 3 : : : 35419 4409 4 Fig Fig NNP 35419 4409 5 . . . 35419 4410 1 118 118 CD 35419 4410 2 . . . 35419 4411 1 Wholesale wholesale JJ 35419 4411 2 lumber lumber NN 35419 4411 3 prices price NNS 35419 4411 4 , , , 35419 4411 5 1887 1887 CD 35419 4411 6 - - SYM 35419 4411 7 1911 1911 CD 35419 4411 8 . . . 35419 4412 1 The the DT 35419 4412 2 qualities quality NNS 35419 4412 3 of of IN 35419 4412 4 lumber lumber NN 35419 4412 5 shown show VBN 35419 4412 6 in in IN 35419 4412 7 the the DT 35419 4412 8 above above JJ 35419 4412 9 chart chart NN 35419 4412 10 are be VBP 35419 4412 11 as as IN 35419 4412 12 follows follow VBZ 35419 4412 13 : : : 35419 4412 14 White White NNP 35419 4412 15 Ash Ash NNP 35419 4412 16 , , , 35419 4412 17 1st 1st NN 35419 4412 18 and and CC 35419 4412 19 2d 2d CD 35419 4412 20 , , , 35419 4412 21 1 1 CD 35419 4412 22 " " '' 35419 4412 23 and and CC 35419 4412 24 1 1 CD 35419 4412 25 - - SYM 35419 4412 26 1/2 1/2 CD 35419 4412 27 " " NN 35419 4412 28 x x SYM 35419 4412 29 8 8 CD 35419 4412 30 " " '' 35419 4412 31 and and CC 35419 4412 32 up up RB 35419 4412 33 by by IN 35419 4412 34 12'-16 12'-16 NNP 35419 4412 35 ' ' '' 35419 4412 36 . . . 35419 4413 1 Basswood Basswood NNP 35419 4413 2 , , , 35419 4413 3 1st 1st NN 35419 4413 4 and and CC 35419 4413 5 2d 2d CD 35419 4413 6 , , , 35419 4413 7 1 1 CD 35419 4413 8 " " `` 35419 4413 9 x x SYM 35419 4413 10 8 8 CD 35419 4413 11 " " '' 35419 4413 12 and and CC 35419 4413 13 up up RB 35419 4413 14 by by IN 35419 4413 15 x x NN 35419 4413 16 00 00 CD 35419 4413 17 " " '' 35419 4413 18 . . . 35419 4414 1 White White NNP 35419 4414 2 Oak Oak NNP 35419 4414 3 , , , 35419 4414 4 quarter quarter NN 35419 4414 5 - - HYPH 35419 4414 6 sawed saw VBN 35419 4414 7 , , , 35419 4414 8 1st 1st NN 35419 4414 9 and and CC 35419 4414 10 2d 2d CD 35419 4414 11 , , , 35419 4414 12 all all DT 35419 4414 13 figured figured JJ 35419 4414 14 , , , 35419 4414 15 1 1 CD 35419 4414 16 " " NNS 35419 4414 17 x x SYM 35419 4414 18 6 6 CD 35419 4414 19 " " '' 35419 4414 20 and and CC 35419 4414 21 up up RB 35419 4414 22 x x SYM 35419 4414 23 10'-16 10'-16 NNP 35419 4414 24 ' ' '' 35419 4414 25 . . . 35419 4415 1 Yellow yellow JJ 35419 4415 2 poplar poplar JJ 35419 4415 3 , , , 35419 4415 4 1st 1st NN 35419 4415 5 and and CC 35419 4415 6 2d 2d CD 35419 4415 7 , , , 35419 4415 8 1 1 CD 35419 4415 9 " " `` 35419 4415 10 x x NN 35419 4415 11 7"-17 7"-17 CD 35419 4415 12 " " '' 35419 4415 13 x x NNP 35419 4415 14 12'-16 12'-16 NNP 35419 4415 15 ' ' '' 35419 4415 16 . . . 35419 4416 1 Hemlock Hemlock NNP 35419 4416 2 , , , 35419 4416 3 boards board NNS 35419 4416 4 Spruce spruce NN 35419 4416 5 , , , 35419 4416 6 No no UH 35419 4416 7 . . . 35419 4417 1 1 1 CD 35419 4417 2 and and CC 35419 4417 3 clear clear JJ 35419 4417 4 , , , 35419 4417 5 1 1 CD 35419 4417 6 " " '' 35419 4417 7 and and CC 35419 4417 8 1 1 CD 35419 4417 9 - - SYM 35419 4417 10 1/4 1/4 CD 35419 4417 11 " " `` 35419 4417 12 x x SYM 35419 4417 13 4 4 CD 35419 4417 14 " " NNS 35419 4417 15 x x SYM 35419 4417 16 13 13 CD 35419 4417 17 ' ' NNS 35419 4417 18 . . . 35419 4418 1 White white JJ 35419 4418 2 pine pine NN 35419 4418 3 , , , 35419 4418 4 rough rough JJ 35419 4418 5 uppers upper NNS 35419 4418 6 , , , 35419 4418 7 1 1 CD 35419 4418 8 " " `` 35419 4418 9 x x SYM 35419 4418 10 8 8 CD 35419 4418 11 " " '' 35419 4418 12 and and CC 35419 4418 13 up up RB 35419 4418 14 x x SYM 35419 4418 15 00 00 CD 35419 4418 16 ' ' '' 35419 4418 17 . . . 35419 4419 1 Yellow yellow JJ 35419 4419 2 pine pine NN 35419 4419 3 , , , 35419 4419 4 edge edge NN 35419 4419 5 grain grain NN 35419 4419 6 flooring flooring NN 35419 4419 7 . . . 35419 4420 1 The the DT 35419 4420 2 curve curve NN 35419 4420 3 is be VBZ 35419 4420 4 approximately approximately RB 35419 4420 5 correct correct JJ 35419 4420 6 , , , 35419 4420 7 for for IN 35419 4420 8 the the DT 35419 4420 9 standard standard NN 35419 4420 10 of of IN 35419 4420 11 quality quality NN 35419 4420 12 has have VBZ 35419 4420 13 been be VBN 35419 4420 14 changed change VBN 35419 4420 15 several several JJ 35419 4420 16 times time NNS 35419 4420 17 . . . 35419 4420 18 ] ] -RRB- 35419 4421 1 It -PRON- PRP 35419 4421 2 is be VBZ 35419 4421 3 to to TO 35419 4421 4 be be VB 35419 4421 5 remembered remember VBN 35419 4421 6 , , , 35419 4421 7 moreover moreover RB 35419 4421 8 , , , 35419 4421 9 that that IN 35419 4421 10 as as IN 35419 4421 11 the the DT 35419 4421 12 timber timber NN 35419 4421 13 in in IN 35419 4421 14 any any DT 35419 4421 15 region region NN 35419 4421 16 becomes become VBZ 35419 4421 17 scarcer scarcer NN 35419 4421 18 , , , 35419 4421 19 the the DT 35419 4421 20 minimum minimum NN 35419 4421 21 cutting cut VBG 35419 4421 22 limit limit NN 35419 4421 23 is be VBZ 35419 4421 24 constantly constantly RB 35419 4421 25 lowered lower VBN 35419 4421 26 , , , 35419 4421 27 and and CC 35419 4421 28 the the DT 35419 4421 29 standard standard NN 35419 4421 30 of of IN 35419 4421 31 quality quality NN 35419 4421 32 constantly constantly RB 35419 4421 33 depreciated depreciate VBN 35419 4421 34 . . . 35419 4422 1 Poorer poor JJR 35419 4422 2 species specie NNS 35419 4422 3 and and CC 35419 4422 4 qualities quality NNS 35419 4422 5 and and CC 35419 4422 6 smaller small JJR 35419 4422 7 sizes size NNS 35419 4422 8 , , , 35419 4422 9 which which WDT 35419 4422 10 were be VBD 35419 4422 11 once once RB 35419 4422 12 rejected reject VBN 35419 4422 13 , , , 35419 4422 14 are be VBP 35419 4422 15 now now RB 35419 4422 16 accepted accept VBN 35419 4422 17 in in IN 35419 4422 18 the the DT 35419 4422 19 market market NN 35419 4422 20 . . . 35419 4423 1 For for IN 35419 4423 2 example example NN 35419 4423 3 , , , 35419 4423 4 6 6 CD 35419 4423 5 inches inch NNS 35419 4423 6 is be VBZ 35419 4423 7 now now RB 35419 4423 8 a a DT 35419 4423 9 common common JJ 35419 4423 10 cutting cutting NN 35419 4423 11 diameter diameter NN 35419 4423 12 for for IN 35419 4423 13 pine pine NN 35419 4423 14 and and CC 35419 4423 15 spruce spruce NN 35419 4423 16 , , , 35419 4423 17 whereas whereas IN 35419 4423 18 12 12 CD 35419 4423 19 inches inch NNS 35419 4423 20 was be VBD 35419 4423 21 the the DT 35419 4423 22 minimum minimum JJ 35419 4423 23 limit limit NN 35419 4423 24 , , , 35419 4423 25 and and CC 35419 4423 26 on on IN 35419 4423 27 the the DT 35419 4423 28 Pacific Pacific NNP 35419 4423 29 coast coast NN 35419 4423 30 there there EX 35419 4423 31 is be VBZ 35419 4423 32 still still RB 35419 4423 33 nothing nothing NN 35419 4423 34 cut cut VBN 35419 4423 35 below below IN 35419 4423 36 18 18 CD 35419 4423 37 inches inch NNS 35419 4423 38 . . . 35419 4424 1 This this DT 35419 4424 2 cutting cutting NN 35419 4424 3 of of IN 35419 4424 4 smaller small JJR 35419 4424 5 sizes size NNS 35419 4424 6 is be VBZ 35419 4424 7 largely largely RB 35419 4424 8 due due JJ 35419 4424 9 to to IN 35419 4424 10 the the DT 35419 4424 11 capacious capacious JJ 35419 4424 12 maw maw NN 35419 4424 13 of of IN 35419 4424 14 the the DT 35419 4424 15 pulp pulp NN 35419 4424 16 mill mill NN 35419 4424 17 , , , 35419 4424 18 which which WDT 35419 4424 19 swallows swallow VBZ 35419 4424 20 even even RB 35419 4424 21 the the DT 35419 4424 22 poorest poor JJS 35419 4424 23 stuff stuff NN 35419 4424 24 . . . 35419 4425 1 Altho altho VB 35419 4425 2 the the DT 35419 4425 3 amount amount NN 35419 4425 4 of of IN 35419 4425 5 wood wood NN 35419 4425 6 used use VBN 35419 4425 7 for for IN 35419 4425 8 paper paper NN 35419 4425 9 pulp pulp NN 35419 4425 10 is be VBZ 35419 4425 11 small small JJ 35419 4425 12 in in IN 35419 4425 13 comparison comparison NN 35419 4425 14 with with IN 35419 4425 15 the the DT 35419 4425 16 total total JJ 35419 4425 17 lumber lumber NN 35419 4425 18 production production NN 35419 4425 19 , , , 35419 4425 20 being be VBG 35419 4425 21 about about RB 35419 4425 22 5.4 5.4 CD 35419 4425 23 per per NN 35419 4425 24 cent cent NN 35419 4425 25 . . . 35419 4425 26 , , , 35419 4425 27 yet yet CC 35419 4425 28 this this DT 35419 4425 29 cutting cutting NN 35419 4425 30 of of IN 35419 4425 31 young young JJ 35419 4425 32 growth growth NN 35419 4425 33 keeps keep VBZ 35419 4425 34 the the DT 35419 4425 35 forest forest NN 35419 4425 36 land land NN 35419 4425 37 devastated devastate VBN 35419 4425 38 . . . 35419 4426 1 In in IN 35419 4426 2 1906 1906 CD 35419 4426 3 nearly nearly RB 35419 4426 4 9,000,000 9,000,000 CD 35419 4426 5 tons ton NNS 35419 4426 6 of of IN 35419 4426 7 wood wood NN 35419 4426 8 were be VBD 35419 4426 9 used use VBN 35419 4426 10 for for IN 35419 4426 11 paper paper NN 35419 4426 12 pulp pulp NN 35419 4426 13 in in IN 35419 4426 14 the the DT 35419 4426 15 United United NNP 35419 4426 16 States States NNP 35419 4426 17 . . . 35419 4427 1 No no DT 35419 4427 2 one one NN 35419 4427 3 who who WP 35419 4427 4 is be VBZ 35419 4427 5 at at RB 35419 4427 6 all all RB 35419 4427 7 familiar familiar JJ 35419 4427 8 with with IN 35419 4427 9 the the DT 35419 4427 10 situation situation NN 35419 4427 11 doubts doubt VBZ 35419 4427 12 for for IN 35419 4427 13 an an DT 35419 4427 14 instant instant NN 35419 4427 15 that that IN 35419 4427 16 we -PRON- PRP 35419 4427 17 are be VBP 35419 4427 18 rapidly rapidly RB 35419 4427 19 using use VBG 35419 4427 20 up up RP 35419 4427 21 our -PRON- PRP$ 35419 4427 22 _ _ NNP 35419 4427 23 forest forest NN 35419 4427 24 capital capital NN 35419 4427 25 _ _ NNP 35419 4427 26 . . . 35419 4428 1 In in IN 35419 4428 2 fact fact NN 35419 4428 3 it -PRON- PRP 35419 4428 4 is be VBZ 35419 4428 5 unquestionably unquestionably RB 35419 4428 6 safe safe JJ 35419 4428 7 to to TO 35419 4428 8 say say VB 35419 4428 9 that that IN 35419 4428 10 our -PRON- PRP$ 35419 4428 11 present present JJ 35419 4428 12 annual annual JJ 35419 4428 13 consumption consumption NN 35419 4428 14 of of IN 35419 4428 15 wood wood NN 35419 4428 16 in in IN 35419 4428 17 all all DT 35419 4428 18 forms form NNS 35419 4428 19 is be VBZ 35419 4428 20 _ _ NNP 35419 4428 21 from from IN 35419 4428 22 three three CD 35419 4428 23 to to TO 35419 4428 24 four four CD 35419 4428 25 times time NNS 35419 4428 26 as as RB 35419 4428 27 great great JJ 35419 4428 28 as as IN 35419 4428 29 the the DT 35419 4428 30 annual annual JJ 35419 4428 31 increment increment NN 35419 4428 32 of of IN 35419 4428 33 our -PRON- PRP$ 35419 4428 34 forests forest NNS 35419 4428 35 _ _ NNP 35419 4428 36 . . . 35419 4429 1 Even even RB 35419 4429 2 by by IN 35419 4429 3 accepting accept VBG 35419 4429 4 the the DT 35419 4429 5 highest high JJS 35419 4429 6 estimate estimate NN 35419 4429 7 of of IN 35419 4429 8 the the DT 35419 4429 9 amount amount NN 35419 4429 10 of of IN 35419 4429 11 timber timber NN 35419 4429 12 standing standing NN 35419 4429 13 we -PRON- PRP 35419 4429 14 postpone postpone VBP 35419 4429 15 for for IN 35419 4429 16 only only RB 35419 4429 17 a a DT 35419 4429 18 few few JJ 35419 4429 19 years year NNS 35419 4429 20 the the DT 35419 4429 21 time time NN 35419 4429 22 when when WRB 35419 4429 23 there there EX 35419 4429 24 must must MD 35419 4429 25 be be VB 35419 4429 26 a a DT 35419 4429 27 great great JJ 35419 4429 28 curtailment curtailment NN 35419 4429 29 in in IN 35419 4429 30 the the DT 35419 4429 31 use use NN 35419 4429 32 of of IN 35419 4429 33 wood wood NN 35419 4429 34 , , , 35419 4429 35 if if IN 35419 4429 36 the the DT 35419 4429 37 present present JJ 35419 4429 38 methods method NNS 35419 4429 39 of of IN 35419 4429 40 forest forest NN 35419 4429 41 exploitation exploitation NN 35419 4429 42 are be VBP 35419 4429 43 continued continue VBN 35419 4429 44 . . . 35419 4430 1 Every every DT 35419 4430 2 indication indication NN 35419 4430 3 points point VBZ 35419 4430 4 to to IN 35419 4430 5 the the DT 35419 4430 6 fact fact NN 35419 4430 7 that that IN 35419 4430 8 under under IN 35419 4430 9 present present JJ 35419 4430 10 conditions condition NNS 35419 4430 11 the the DT 35419 4430 12 maximum maximum JJ 35419 4430 13 annual annual JJ 35419 4430 14 yield yield NN 35419 4430 15 of of IN 35419 4430 16 forest forest NN 35419 4430 17 products product NNS 35419 4430 18 for for IN 35419 4430 19 the the DT 35419 4430 20 country country NN 35419 4430 21 as as IN 35419 4430 22 a a DT 35419 4430 23 whole whole NN 35419 4430 24 has have VBZ 35419 4430 25 been be VBN 35419 4430 26 reached reach VBN 35419 4430 27 , , , 35419 4430 28 and and CC 35419 4430 29 that that IN 35419 4430 30 in in IN 35419 4430 31 a a DT 35419 4430 32 comparatively comparatively RB 35419 4430 33 short short JJ 35419 4430 34 time time NN 35419 4430 35 , , , 35419 4430 36 there there EX 35419 4430 37 will will MD 35419 4430 38 be be VB 35419 4430 39 a a DT 35419 4430 40 marked marked JJ 35419 4430 41 decrease decrease NN 35419 4430 42 in in IN 35419 4430 43 the the DT 35419 4430 44 total total JJ 35419 4430 45 output output NN 35419 4430 46 , , , 35419 4430 47 as as IN 35419 4430 48 there there EX 35419 4430 49 is be VBZ 35419 4430 50 now now RB 35419 4430 51 in in IN 35419 4430 52 several several JJ 35419 4430 53 items item NNS 35419 4430 54 . . . 35419 4431 1 ( ( -LRB- 35419 4431 2 Kellogg Kellogg NNP 35419 4431 3 , , , 35419 4431 4 _ _ NNP 35419 4431 5 Forestry Forestry NNP 35419 4431 6 Circular Circular NNP 35419 4431 7 _ _ NNP 35419 4431 8 , , , 35419 4431 9 No no UH 35419 4431 10 . . . 35419 4432 1 97 97 CD 35419 4432 2 , , , 35419 4432 3 p. p. NN 35419 4433 1 12 12 CD 35419 4433 2 . . . 35419 4433 3 ) ) -RRB- 35419 4434 1 On on IN 35419 4434 2 the the DT 35419 4434 3 other other JJ 35419 4434 4 hand hand NN 35419 4434 5 , , , 35419 4434 6 it -PRON- PRP 35419 4434 7 is be VBZ 35419 4434 8 to to TO 35419 4434 9 be be VB 35419 4434 10 remembered remember VBN 35419 4434 11 that that IN 35419 4434 12 there there EX 35419 4434 13 are be VBP 35419 4434 14 influences influence NNS 35419 4434 15 which which WDT 35419 4434 16 tend tend VBP 35419 4434 17 to to TO 35419 4434 18 save save VB 35419 4434 19 and and CC 35419 4434 20 extend extend VB 35419 4434 21 the the DT 35419 4434 22 forest forest NN 35419 4434 23 area area NN 35419 4434 24 . . . 35419 4435 1 These these DT 35419 4435 2 will will MD 35419 4435 3 be be VB 35419 4435 4 considered consider VBN 35419 4435 5 in in IN 35419 4435 6 the the DT 35419 4435 7 next next JJ 35419 4435 8 chapter chapter NN 35419 4435 9 , , , 35419 4435 10 on on IN 35419 4435 11 the the DT 35419 4435 12 Use Use NNP 35419 4435 13 of of IN 35419 4435 14 the the DT 35419 4435 15 Forest Forest NNP 35419 4435 16 . . . 35419 4436 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 4436 2 Footnote footnote NN 35419 4436 3 1 1 CD 35419 4436 4 : : : 35419 4436 5 LOOK look VB 35419 4436 6 OUT out RB 35419 4436 7 FOR for IN 35419 4436 8 FIRE fire NN 35419 4436 9 ! ! . 35419 4437 1 RULES RULES NNP 35419 4437 2 AND and CC 35419 4437 3 LAWS laws NN 35419 4437 4 . . . 35419 4438 1 Fires fire NNS 35419 4438 2 for for IN 35419 4438 3 clearing clear VBG 35419 4438 4 land land NN 35419 4438 5 near near IN 35419 4438 6 a a DT 35419 4438 7 forest forest NN 35419 4438 8 must must MD 35419 4438 9 not not RB 35419 4438 10 be be VB 35419 4438 11 started start VBN 35419 4438 12 until until IN 35419 4438 13 the the DT 35419 4438 14 trees tree NNS 35419 4438 15 are be VBP 35419 4438 16 in in IN 35419 4438 17 full full JJ 35419 4438 18 leaf leaf NN 35419 4438 19 . . . 35419 4439 1 Before before IN 35419 4439 2 lighting light VBG 35419 4439 3 such such JJ 35419 4439 4 fires fire NNS 35419 4439 5 three three CD 35419 4439 6 days day NNS 35419 4439 7 ' ' POS 35419 4439 8 notice notice NN 35419 4439 9 , , , 35419 4439 10 at at IN 35419 4439 11 least least JJS 35419 4439 12 , , , 35419 4439 13 must must MD 35419 4439 14 be be VB 35419 4439 15 given give VBN 35419 4439 16 to to IN 35419 4439 17 the the DT 35419 4439 18 Firewarden Firewarden NNP 35419 4439 19 and and CC 35419 4439 20 occupants occupant NNS 35419 4439 21 of of IN 35419 4439 22 adjoining adjoining JJ 35419 4439 23 lands land NNS 35419 4439 24 . . . 35419 4440 1 After after IN 35419 4440 2 such such JJ 35419 4440 3 fires fire NNS 35419 4440 4 are be VBP 35419 4440 5 lighted light VBN 35419 4440 6 , , , 35419 4440 7 competent competent JJ 35419 4440 8 persons person NNS 35419 4440 9 must must MD 35419 4440 10 remain remain VB 35419 4440 11 to to TO 35419 4440 12 guard guard VB 35419 4440 13 them -PRON- PRP 35419 4440 14 until until IN 35419 4440 15 the the DT 35419 4440 16 fire fire NN 35419 4440 17 is be VBZ 35419 4440 18 completely completely RB 35419 4440 19 extinguished extinguish VBN 35419 4440 20 , , , 35419 4440 21 and and CC 35419 4440 22 the the DT 35419 4440 23 persons person NNS 35419 4440 24 starting start VBG 35419 4440 25 such such JJ 35419 4440 26 fires fire NNS 35419 4440 27 will will MD 35419 4440 28 be be VB 35419 4440 29 held hold VBN 35419 4440 30 responsible responsible JJ 35419 4440 31 for for IN 35419 4440 32 all all DT 35419 4440 33 damages damage NNS 35419 4440 34 notwithstanding notwithstanding IN 35419 4440 35 notice notice NN 35419 4440 36 had have VBD 35419 4440 37 been be VBN 35419 4440 38 given give VBN 35419 4440 39 to to IN 35419 4440 40 the the DT 35419 4440 41 Firewarden Firewarden NNP 35419 4440 42 . . . 35419 4441 1 Fires fire NNS 35419 4441 2 will will MD 35419 4441 3 be be VB 35419 4441 4 permitted permit VBN 35419 4441 5 for for IN 35419 4441 6 the the DT 35419 4441 7 purposes purpose NNS 35419 4441 8 of of IN 35419 4441 9 cooking cooking NN 35419 4441 10 , , , 35419 4441 11 warmth warmth NN 35419 4441 12 and and CC 35419 4441 13 insect insect NN 35419 4441 14 smudges smudge NNS 35419 4441 15 , , , 35419 4441 16 but but CC 35419 4441 17 before before IN 35419 4441 18 such such JJ 35419 4441 19 fires fire NNS 35419 4441 20 are be VBP 35419 4441 21 kindled kindle VBN 35419 4441 22 , , , 35419 4441 23 sufficient sufficient JJ 35419 4441 24 space space NN 35419 4441 25 around around IN 35419 4441 26 the the DT 35419 4441 27 spot spot NN 35419 4441 28 where where WRB 35419 4441 29 the the DT 35419 4441 30 fire fire NN 35419 4441 31 is be VBZ 35419 4441 32 to to TO 35419 4441 33 be be VB 35419 4441 34 lighted light VBN 35419 4441 35 must must MD 35419 4441 36 be be VB 35419 4441 37 cleared clear VBN 35419 4441 38 from from IN 35419 4441 39 all all DT 35419 4441 40 combustible combustible JJ 35419 4441 41 material material NN 35419 4441 42 ; ; : 35419 4441 43 and and CC 35419 4441 44 before before IN 35419 4441 45 the the DT 35419 4441 46 place place NN 35419 4441 47 is be VBZ 35419 4441 48 abandoned abandon VBN 35419 4441 49 , , , 35419 4441 50 fires fire NNS 35419 4441 51 so so RB 35419 4441 52 lighted lighted JJ 35419 4441 53 must must MD 35419 4441 54 be be VB 35419 4441 55 thoroly thoroly NN 35419 4441 56 quenched quench VBN 35419 4441 57 . . . 35419 4442 1 All all DT 35419 4442 2 fires fire NNS 35419 4442 3 other other JJ 35419 4442 4 than than IN 35419 4442 5 those those DT 35419 4442 6 hereinbefore hereinbefore NN 35419 4442 7 mentioned mention VBN 35419 4442 8 are be VBP 35419 4442 9 absolutely absolutely RB 35419 4442 10 prohibited prohibit VBN 35419 4442 11 . . . 35419 4443 1 Hunters hunter NNS 35419 4443 2 and and CC 35419 4443 3 smokers smoker NNS 35419 4443 4 are be VBP 35419 4443 5 cautioned caution VBN 35419 4443 6 against against IN 35419 4443 7 allowing allow VBG 35419 4443 8 fires fire NNS 35419 4443 9 to to TO 35419 4443 10 originate originate VB 35419 4443 11 from from IN 35419 4443 12 the the DT 35419 4443 13 use use NN 35419 4443 14 of of IN 35419 4443 15 firearms firearm NNS 35419 4443 16 , , , 35419 4443 17 cigars cigar NNS 35419 4443 18 and and CC 35419 4443 19 pipes pipe NNS 35419 4443 20 . . . 35419 4444 1 Especial especial JJ 35419 4444 2 care care NN 35419 4444 3 should should MD 35419 4444 4 be be VB 35419 4444 5 taken take VBN 35419 4444 6 that that IN 35419 4444 7 lighted light VBN 35419 4444 8 matches match NNS 35419 4444 9 are be VBP 35419 4444 10 extinguished extinguish VBN 35419 4444 11 before before IN 35419 4444 12 throwing throw VBG 35419 4444 13 them -PRON- PRP 35419 4444 14 down down RP 35419 4444 15 . . . 35419 4445 1 All all DT 35419 4445 2 persons person NNS 35419 4445 3 are be VBP 35419 4445 4 warned warn VBN 35419 4445 5 that that IN 35419 4445 6 they -PRON- PRP 35419 4445 7 will will MD 35419 4445 8 be be VB 35419 4445 9 held hold VBN 35419 4445 10 responsible responsible JJ 35419 4445 11 for for IN 35419 4445 12 any any DT 35419 4445 13 damage damage NN 35419 4445 14 or or CC 35419 4445 15 injury injury NN 35419 4445 16 to to IN 35419 4445 17 the the DT 35419 4445 18 forest forest NN 35419 4445 19 which which WDT 35419 4445 20 may may MD 35419 4445 21 result result VB 35419 4445 22 from from IN 35419 4445 23 their -PRON- PRP$ 35419 4445 24 carelessness carelessness NN 35419 4445 25 or or CC 35419 4445 26 neglect neglect NN 35419 4445 27 . . . 35419 4446 1 Girdling girdle VBG 35419 4446 2 and and CC 35419 4446 3 peeling peel VBG 35419 4446 4 bark bark NN 35419 4446 5 from from IN 35419 4446 6 standing stand VBG 35419 4446 7 trees tree NNS 35419 4446 8 on on IN 35419 4446 9 state state NN 35419 4446 10 land land NN 35419 4446 11 is be VBZ 35419 4446 12 prohibited prohibit VBN 35419 4446 13 . . . 35419 4447 1 Fallen fall VBN 35419 4447 2 timber timber NN 35419 4447 3 only only RB 35419 4447 4 may may MD 35419 4447 5 be be VB 35419 4447 6 used use VBN 35419 4447 7 for for IN 35419 4447 8 firewood firewood NN 35419 4447 9 . . . 35419 4448 1 All all DT 35419 4448 2 citizens citizen NNS 35419 4448 3 are be VBP 35419 4448 4 requested request VBN 35419 4448 5 to to TO 35419 4448 6 report report VB 35419 4448 7 immediately immediately RB 35419 4448 8 any any DT 35419 4448 9 cases case NNS 35419 4448 10 which which WDT 35419 4448 11 may may MD 35419 4448 12 come come VB 35419 4448 13 to to IN 35419 4448 14 their -PRON- PRP$ 35419 4448 15 knowledge knowledge NN 35419 4448 16 of of IN 35419 4448 17 injury injury NN 35419 4448 18 to to IN 35419 4448 19 woodlands woodland NNS 35419 4448 20 arising arise VBG 35419 4448 21 from from IN 35419 4448 22 a a DT 35419 4448 23 violation violation NN 35419 4448 24 of of IN 35419 4448 25 these these DT 35419 4448 26 rules rule NNS 35419 4448 27 . . . 35419 4449 1 Then then RB 35419 4449 2 follow follow VB 35419 4449 3 quotations quotation NNS 35419 4449 4 from from IN 35419 4449 5 the the DT 35419 4449 6 laws law NNS 35419 4449 7 of of IN 35419 4449 8 the the DT 35419 4449 9 state state NN 35419 4449 10 of of IN 35419 4449 11 New New NNP 35419 4449 12 York York NNP 35419 4449 13 . . . 35419 4449 14 ] ] -RRB- 35419 4450 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 4450 2 Footnote footnote NN 35419 4450 3 2 2 CD 35419 4450 4 : : : 35419 4450 5 For for IN 35419 4450 6 the the DT 35419 4450 7 common common JJ 35419 4450 8 methods method NNS 35419 4450 9 of of IN 35419 4450 10 logging log VBG 35419 4450 11 see see VBP 35419 4450 12 _ _ NNP 35419 4450 13 Handwork Handwork NNP 35419 4450 14 in in IN 35419 4450 15 Wood Wood NNP 35419 4450 16 _ _ NNP 35419 4450 17 , , , 35419 4450 18 Chapter Chapter NNP 35419 4450 19 I. I. NNP 35419 4450 20 ] ] -RRB- 35419 4451 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 4451 2 Footnote footnote NN 35419 4451 3 3 3 CD 35419 4451 4 : : : 35419 4451 5 See see VB 35419 4451 6 Summary Summary NNP 35419 4451 7 of of IN 35419 4451 8 Report Report NNP 35419 4451 9 of of IN 35419 4451 10 the the DT 35419 4451 11 Commissioner Commissioner NNP 35419 4451 12 of of IN 35419 4451 13 Corporations Corporations NNPS 35419 4451 14 on on IN 35419 4451 15 the the DT 35419 4451 16 Lumber Lumber NNP 35419 4451 17 Industry Industry NNP 35419 4451 18 . . . 35419 4452 1 February February NNP 35419 4452 2 13 13 CD 35419 4452 3 , , , 35419 4452 4 1911 1911 CD 35419 4452 5 . . . 35419 4453 1 Washington Washington NNP 35419 4453 2 , , , 35419 4453 3 D. D. NNP 35419 4453 4 C. C. NNP 35419 4453 5 ] ] -RRB- 35419 4453 6 [ [ -LRB- 35419 4453 7 Footnote footnote NN 35419 4453 8 4 4 CD 35419 4453 9 : : : 35419 4453 10 A a DT 35419 4453 11 board board NN 35419 4453 12 foot foot NN 35419 4453 13 is be VBZ 35419 4453 14 one one CD 35419 4453 15 foot foot NN 35419 4453 16 square square NN 35419 4453 17 and and CC 35419 4453 18 one one CD 35419 4453 19 inch inch NN 35419 4453 20 thick thick JJ 35419 4453 21 . . . 35419 4453 22 ] ] -RRB- 35419 4454 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 4454 2 Footnote Footnote NNP 35419 4454 3 5 5 CD 35419 4454 4 : : SYM 35419 4454 5 167 167 CD 35419 4454 6 cubic cubic JJ 35419 4454 7 feet foot NNS 35419 4454 8 equal equal JJ 35419 4454 9 about about IN 35419 4454 10 1000 1000 CD 35419 4454 11 board board NN 35419 4454 12 feet foot NNS 35419 4454 13 . . . 35419 4454 14 ] ] -RRB- 35419 4455 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 4455 2 Footnote Footnote NNP 35419 4455 3 6 6 CD 35419 4455 4 : : : 35419 4455 5 _ _ NNP 35419 4455 6 Forestry Forestry NNP 35419 4455 7 Circular Circular NNP 35419 4455 8 _ _ NNP 35419 4455 9 , , , 35419 4455 10 No no UH 35419 4455 11 . . . 35419 4456 1 97 97 CD 35419 4456 2 . . . 35419 4456 3 ] ] -RRB- 35419 4457 1 THE the DT 35419 4457 2 EXHAUSTION exhaustion NN 35419 4457 3 OF of IN 35419 4457 4 THE the DT 35419 4457 5 FOREST FOREST NNP 35419 4457 6 REFERENCES:[A REFERENCES:[A NNPS 35419 4457 7 ] ] -RRB- 35419 4457 8 ( ( -LRB- 35419 4457 9 1 1 CD 35419 4457 10 ) ) -RRB- 35419 4457 11 Fires fire NNS 35419 4457 12 . . . 35419 4458 1 Bruncken Bruncken NNP 35419 4458 2 , , , 35419 4458 3 pp pp ADD 35419 4458 4 . . . 35419 4459 1 183 183 CD 35419 4459 2 - - SYM 35419 4459 3 207 207 CD 35419 4459 4 . . . 35419 4460 1 Pinchot pinchot JJ 35419 4460 2 , , , 35419 4460 3 _ _ NNP 35419 4460 4 Agric Agric NNP 35419 4460 5 . . . 35419 4461 1 Yr yr UH 35419 4461 2 . . . 35419 4461 3 Bk Bk NNP 35419 4461 4 . . . 35419 4461 5 _ _ NNP 35419 4461 6 , , , 35419 4461 7 p. p. NN 35419 4461 8 189 189 CD 35419 4461 9 . . . 35419 4462 1 Suter Suter NNP 35419 4462 2 , , , 35419 4462 3 _ _ NNP 35419 4462 4 For for IN 35419 4462 5 . . . 35419 4463 1 Circ Circ NNP 35419 4463 2 . . . 35419 4463 3 _ _ NNP 35419 4463 4 No no UH 35419 4463 5 . . . 35419 4464 1 36 36 CD 35419 4464 2 . . . 35419 4465 1 U. U. NNP 35419 4465 2 S. S. NNP 35419 4465 3 Tenth Tenth NNP 35419 4465 4 Census Census NNP 35419 4465 5 , , , 35419 4465 6 Vol Vol NNP 35419 4465 7 . . . 35419 4466 1 IX ix NN 35419 4466 2 , , , 35419 4466 3 p. p. NN 35419 4466 4 491 491 CD 35419 4466 5 ff ff NN 35419 4466 6 . . . 35419 4467 1 Pinchot pinchot JJ 35419 4467 2 , , , 35419 4467 3 _ _ NNP 35419 4467 4 Primer Primer NNP 35419 4467 5 _ _ NNP 35419 4467 6 , , , 35419 4467 7 pp pp NNP 35419 4467 8 . . . 35419 4468 1 77 77 CD 35419 4468 2 - - SYM 35419 4468 3 88 88 CD 35419 4468 4 . . . 35419 4469 1 Roth Roth NNP 35419 4469 2 , , , 35419 4469 3 _ _ NNP 35419 4469 4 First First NNP 35419 4469 5 Book Book NNP 35419 4469 6 _ _ NNP 35419 4469 7 , , , 35419 4469 8 pp pp NNP 35419 4469 9 . . . 35419 4470 1 104 104 CD 35419 4470 2 - - SYM 35419 4470 3 112 112 CD 35419 4470 4 . . . 35419 4471 1 Sterling Sterling NNP 35419 4471 2 , , , 35419 4471 3 _ _ NNP 35419 4471 4 Agric Agric NNP 35419 4471 5 . . . 35419 4472 1 Yr yr UH 35419 4472 2 . . . 35419 4472 3 Bk Bk NNP 35419 4472 4 . . . 35419 4472 5 _ _ NNP 35419 4472 6 , , , 35419 4472 7 1904 1904 CD 35419 4472 8 , , , 35419 4472 9 p. p. NN 35419 4472 10 133 133 CD 35419 4472 11 . . . 35419 4473 1 ( ( -LRB- 35419 4473 2 2 2 LS 35419 4473 3 ) ) -RRB- 35419 4473 4 Destructive Destructive NNP 35419 4473 5 Lumbering lumbering NN 35419 4473 6 . . . 35419 4474 1 The the DT 35419 4474 2 Settler Settler NNP 35419 4474 3 's 's POS 35419 4474 4 Tradition tradition NN 35419 4474 5 . . . 35419 4475 1 Bruncken Bruncken NNP 35419 4475 2 , , , 35419 4475 3 pp pp ADD 35419 4475 4 . . . 35419 4476 1 40 40 CD 35419 4476 2 - - SYM 35419 4476 3 59 59 CD 35419 4476 4 , , , 35419 4476 5 94 94 CD 35419 4476 6 . . . 35419 4477 1 Roth Roth NNP 35419 4477 2 , , , 35419 4477 3 _ _ NNP 35419 4477 4 First First NNP 35419 4477 5 Book Book NNP 35419 4477 6 _ _ NNP 35419 4477 7 , , , 35419 4477 8 pp pp NNP 35419 4477 9 . . . 35419 4478 1 41 41 CD 35419 4478 2 - - SYM 35419 4478 3 45 45 CD 35419 4478 4 . . . 35419 4479 1 Pinchot pinchot JJ 35419 4479 2 , , , 35419 4479 3 _ _ NNP 35419 4479 4 Primer Primer NNP 35419 4479 5 _ _ NNP 35419 4479 6 , , , 35419 4479 7 II II NNP 35419 4479 8 , , , 35419 4479 9 p. p. NN 35419 4479 10 82 82 CD 35419 4479 11 . . . 35419 4480 1 Taxation taxation NN 35419 4480 2 . . . 35419 4481 1 _ _ NNP 35419 4481 2 For for IN 35419 4481 3 . . . 35419 4482 1 and and CC 35419 4482 2 Irr Irr NNP 35419 4482 3 . . . 35419 4482 4 _ _ NNP 35419 4482 5 , , , 35419 4482 6 April April NNP 35419 4482 7 , , , 35419 4482 8 ' ' '' 35419 4482 9 06 06 CD 35419 4482 10 . . . 35419 4483 1 Pinchot pinchot JJ 35419 4483 2 , , , 35419 4483 3 _ _ NNP 35419 4483 4 Agric Agric NNP 35419 4483 5 . . . 35419 4484 1 Yr yr UH 35419 4484 2 . . . 35419 4484 3 Bk Bk NNP 35419 4484 4 . . . 35419 4484 5 _ _ NNP 35419 4484 6 , , , 35419 4484 7 1898 1898 CD 35419 4484 8 , , , 35419 4484 9 p. p. NN 35419 4484 10 184 184 CD 35419 4484 11 . . . 35419 4485 1 Reckless reckless JJ 35419 4485 2 Practices Practices NNPS 35419 4485 3 . . . 35419 4486 1 Pinchot pinchot JJ 35419 4486 2 , , , 35419 4486 3 _ _ NNP 35419 4486 4 Primer Primer NNP 35419 4486 5 _ _ NNP 35419 4486 6 II II NNP 35419 4486 7 , , , 35419 4486 8 42 42 CD 35419 4486 9 - - SYM 35419 4486 10 47 47 CD 35419 4486 11 . . . 35419 4487 1 Pinchot pinchot JJ 35419 4487 2 , , , 35419 4487 3 _ _ NNP 35419 4487 4 Agric Agric NNP 35419 4487 5 . . . 35419 4488 1 Yr yr UH 35419 4488 2 . . . 35419 4488 3 Bk Bk NNP 35419 4488 4 . . . 35419 4488 5 _ _ NNP 35419 4488 6 , , , 35419 4488 7 1898 1898 CD 35419 4488 8 , , , 35419 4488 9 p. p. NN 35419 4488 10 184 184 CD 35419 4488 11 . . . 35419 4489 1 Pinchot pinchot JJ 35419 4489 2 , , , 35419 4489 3 _ _ NNP 35419 4489 4 For for IN 35419 4489 5 . . . 35419 4490 1 Circ Circ NNP 35419 4490 2 . . . 35419 4490 3 _ _ NNP 35419 4490 4 , , , 35419 4490 5 No no UH 35419 4490 6 . . . 35419 4491 1 25 25 CD 35419 4491 2 , , , 35419 4491 3 p. p. NN 35419 4491 4 11 11 CD 35419 4491 5 . . . 35419 4492 1 Price price NN 35419 4492 2 , , , 35419 4492 3 _ _ NNP 35419 4492 4 Agric Agric NNP 35419 4492 5 . . . 35419 4493 1 Yr yr UH 35419 4493 2 . . . 35419 4493 3 Bk Bk NNP 35419 4493 4 . . . 35419 4493 5 _ _ NNP 35419 4493 6 , , , 35419 4493 7 1902 1902 CD 35419 4493 8 , , , 35419 4493 9 p. p. NN 35419 4493 10 310 310 CD 35419 4493 11 . . . 35419 4494 1 Fox Fox NNP 35419 4494 2 , , , 35419 4494 3 _ _ NNP 35419 4494 4 For for IN 35419 4494 5 . . . 35419 4495 1 Bull Bull NNP 35419 4495 2 . . . 35419 4495 3 _ _ NNP 35419 4495 4 , , , 35419 4495 5 No no UH 35419 4495 6 . . . 35419 4496 1 34 34 CD 35419 4496 2 , , , 35419 4496 3 p. p. NN 35419 4496 4 40 40 CD 35419 4496 5 . . . 35419 4497 1 Peters Peters NNP 35419 4497 2 , , , 35419 4497 3 _ _ NNP 35419 4497 4 Agric Agric NNP 35419 4497 5 . . . 35419 4498 1 Yr yr UH 35419 4498 2 . . . 35419 4498 3 Bk Bk NNP 35419 4498 4 . . . 35419 4498 5 _ _ NNP 35419 4498 6 , , , 35419 4498 7 1905 1905 CD 35419 4498 8 , , , 35419 4498 9 pp pp NNP 35419 4498 10 . . . 35419 4499 1 483 483 CD 35419 4499 2 - - SYM 35419 4499 3 494 494 CD 35419 4499 4 . . . 35419 4500 1 Graves grave NNS 35419 4500 2 , , , 35419 4500 3 _ _ NNP 35419 4500 4 Agric Agric NNP 35419 4500 5 . . . 35419 4501 1 Yr yr UH 35419 4501 2 . . . 35419 4501 3 Bk Bk NNP 35419 4501 4 . . . 35419 4501 5 _ _ NNP 35419 4501 6 , , , 35419 4501 7 1899 1899 CD 35419 4501 8 , , , 35419 4501 9 p. p. NN 35419 4501 10 415 415 CD 35419 4501 11 . . . 35419 4502 1 Suter Suter NNP 35419 4502 2 , , , 35419 4502 3 _ _ NNP 35419 4502 4 For for IN 35419 4502 5 . . . 35419 4503 1 Bull Bull NNP 35419 4503 2 . . . 35419 4503 3 _ _ NNP 35419 4503 4 , , , 35419 4503 5 26 26 CD 35419 4503 6 , , , 35419 4503 7 pp pp NNP 35419 4503 8 . . . 35419 4504 1 58 58 CD 35419 4504 2 , , , 35419 4504 3 69 69 CD 35419 4504 4 , , , 35419 4504 5 76 76 CD 35419 4504 6 . . . 35419 4505 1 Mohr Mohr NNP 35419 4505 2 , , , 35419 4505 3 _ _ NNP 35419 4505 4 For for IN 35419 4505 5 . . . 35419 4506 1 Bull Bull NNP 35419 4506 2 . . . 35419 4506 3 _ _ NNP 35419 4506 4 No no UH 35419 4506 5 . . . 35419 4507 1 13 13 CD 35419 4507 2 , , , 35419 4507 3 p. p. NN 35419 4507 4 61 61 CD 35419 4507 5 . . . 35419 4508 1 Bruncken Bruncken NNP 35419 4508 2 , , , 35419 4508 3 pp pp ADD 35419 4508 4 . . . 35419 4509 1 90 90 CD 35419 4509 2 - - SYM 35419 4509 3 98 98 CD 35419 4509 4 . . . 35419 4510 1 The the DT 35419 4510 2 Timber Timber NNP 35419 4510 3 Supply Supply NNP 35419 4510 4 . . . 35419 4511 1 Kellogg Kellogg NNP 35419 4511 2 , , , 35419 4511 3 _ _ NNP 35419 4511 4 For for IN 35419 4511 5 . . . 35419 4512 1 Circ Circ NNP 35419 4512 2 . . . 35419 4512 3 _ _ NNP 35419 4512 4 , , , 35419 4512 5 No no UH 35419 4512 6 . . . 35419 4513 1 97 97 LS 35419 4513 2 ... ... : 35419 4513 3 Zon Zon NNP 35419 4513 4 , , , 35419 4513 5 _ _ NNP 35419 4513 6 For for IN 35419 4513 7 . . . 35419 4514 1 Bull Bull NNP 35419 4514 2 . . . 35419 4514 3 _ _ NNP 35419 4514 4 , , , 35419 4514 5 No no UH 35419 4514 6 . . . 35419 4515 1 83 83 CD 35419 4515 2 . . . 35419 4516 1 Fernow Fernow NNP 35419 4516 2 , , , 35419 4516 3 _ _ NNP 35419 4516 4 Economics Economics NNP 35419 4516 5 _ _ NNP 35419 4516 6 , , , 35419 4516 7 pp pp NNP 35419 4516 8 . . . 35419 4517 1 35 35 CD 35419 4517 2 - - SYM 35419 4517 3 45 45 CD 35419 4517 4 . . . 35419 4518 1 Report report NN 35419 4518 2 of of IN 35419 4518 3 the the DT 35419 4518 4 Commissioner Commissioner NNP 35419 4518 5 of of IN 35419 4518 6 Corporations Corporations NNPS 35419 4518 7 on on IN 35419 4518 8 the the DT 35419 4518 9 Lumber Lumber NNP 35419 4518 10 Industry Industry NNP 35419 4518 11 . . . 35419 4519 1 Part part NN 35419 4519 2 I I NNP 35419 4519 3 , , , 35419 4519 4 Feb. February NNP 35419 4519 5 13 13 CD 35419 4519 6 , , , 35419 4519 7 1911 1911 CD 35419 4519 8 . . . 35419 4520 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 4520 2 Footnote Footnote NNP 35419 4520 3 A A NNP 35419 4520 4 : : : 35419 4520 5 For for IN 35419 4520 6 general general JJ 35419 4520 7 bibliography bibliography NN 35419 4520 8 , , , 35419 4520 9 see see VB 35419 4520 10 p. p. NN 35419 4521 1 4 4 LS 35419 4521 2 . . . 35419 4521 3 ] ] -RRB- 35419 4522 1 CHAPTER chapter NN 35419 4522 2 VIII viii NN 35419 4522 3 . . . 35419 4523 1 THE the DT 35419 4523 2 USE USE NNP 35419 4523 3 OF of IN 35419 4523 4 THE the DT 35419 4523 5 FOREST FOREST NNP 35419 4523 6 . . . 35419 4524 1 Man man NN 35419 4524 2 's 's POS 35419 4524 3 relation relation NN 35419 4524 4 to to IN 35419 4524 5 the the DT 35419 4524 6 forest forest NN 35419 4524 7 has have VBZ 35419 4524 8 not not RB 35419 4524 9 been be VBN 35419 4524 10 entirely entirely RB 35419 4524 11 destructive destructive JJ 35419 4524 12 and and CC 35419 4524 13 injurious injurious JJ 35419 4524 14 . . . 35419 4525 1 He -PRON- PRP 35419 4525 2 has have VBZ 35419 4525 3 exerted exert VBN 35419 4525 4 and and CC 35419 4525 5 is be VBZ 35419 4525 6 more more RBR 35419 4525 7 and and CC 35419 4525 8 more more RBR 35419 4525 9 exerting exerting JJ 35419 4525 10 influences influence NNS 35419 4525 11 which which WDT 35419 4525 12 while while IN 35419 4525 13 still still RB 35419 4525 14 enabling enable VBG 35419 4525 15 him -PRON- PRP 35419 4525 16 to to TO 35419 4525 17 use use VB 35419 4525 18 the the DT 35419 4525 19 forest forest NN 35419 4525 20 , , , 35419 4525 21 also also RB 35419 4525 22 preserve preserve VBP 35419 4525 23 and and CC 35419 4525 24 improve improve VB 35419 4525 25 it -PRON- PRP 35419 4525 26 . . . 35419 4526 1 These these DT 35419 4526 2 activities activity NNS 35419 4526 3 may may MD 35419 4526 4 all all DT 35419 4526 5 be be VB 35419 4526 6 included include VBN 35419 4526 7 under under IN 35419 4526 8 the the DT 35419 4526 9 term term NN 35419 4526 10 Forestry Forestry NNP 35419 4526 11 . . . 35419 4527 1 The the DT 35419 4527 2 objects object NNS 35419 4527 3 of of IN 35419 4527 4 modern modern JJ 35419 4527 5 forestry forestry NN 35419 4527 6 then then RB 35419 4527 7 are be VBP 35419 4527 8 threefold threefold JJ 35419 4527 9 : : : 35419 4527 10 1 1 CD 35419 4527 11 . . . 35419 4528 1 The the DT 35419 4528 2 _ _ NNP 35419 4528 3 utilization utilization NN 35419 4528 4 _ _ NNP 35419 4528 5 of of IN 35419 4528 6 the the DT 35419 4528 7 forest forest NN 35419 4528 8 and and CC 35419 4528 9 its -PRON- PRP$ 35419 4528 10 products product NNS 35419 4528 11 , , , 35419 4528 12 the the DT 35419 4528 13 main main JJ 35419 4528 14 object object NN 35419 4528 15 ; ; : 35419 4528 16 2 2 CD 35419 4528 17 . . . 35419 4529 1 The the DT 35419 4529 2 _ _ NNP 35419 4529 3 preservation preservation NN 35419 4529 4 _ _ NNP 35419 4529 5 of of IN 35419 4529 6 the the DT 35419 4529 7 forest forest NN 35419 4529 8 , , , 35419 4529 9 _ _ NNP 35419 4529 10 i.e. i.e. FW 35419 4529 11 _ _ NNP 35419 4529 12 , , , 35419 4529 13 its -PRON- PRP$ 35419 4529 14 continued continue VBN 35419 4529 15 reproduction reproduction NN 35419 4529 16 ; ; : 35419 4529 17 3 3 CD 35419 4529 18 . . . 35419 4530 1 The the DT 35419 4530 2 _ _ NNP 35419 4530 3 improvement improvement NN 35419 4530 4 _ _ NNP 35419 4530 5 of of IN 35419 4530 6 the the DT 35419 4530 7 forest forest NN 35419 4530 8 . . . 35419 4531 1 UTILIZATION UTILIZATION NNP 35419 4531 2 . . . 35419 4532 1 The the DT 35419 4532 2 uses use NNS 35419 4532 3 of of IN 35419 4532 4 the the DT 35419 4532 5 forest forest NN 35419 4532 6 are be VBP 35419 4532 7 threefold threefold JJ 35419 4532 8 : : : 35419 4532 9 ( ( -LRB- 35419 4532 10 1 1 LS 35419 4532 11 ) ) -RRB- 35419 4532 12 Protective Protective NNP 35419 4532 13 , , , 35419 4532 14 ( ( -LRB- 35419 4532 15 2 2 LS 35419 4532 16 ) ) -RRB- 35419 4532 17 Productive Productive NNP 35419 4532 18 , , , 35419 4532 19 and and CC 35419 4532 20 ( ( -LRB- 35419 4532 21 3 3 LS 35419 4532 22 ) ) -RRB- 35419 4532 23 Esthetic esthetic JJ 35419 4532 24 . . . 35419 4533 1 ( ( -LRB- 35419 4533 2 1 1 LS 35419 4533 3 ) ) -RRB- 35419 4533 4 _ _ NNP 35419 4533 5 Protective Protective NNP 35419 4533 6 . . . 35419 4533 7 _ _ NNP 35419 4533 8 The the DT 35419 4533 9 forest forest NN 35419 4533 10 may may MD 35419 4533 11 be be VB 35419 4533 12 used use VBN 35419 4533 13 as as IN 35419 4533 14 a a DT 35419 4533 15 protection protection NN 35419 4533 16 against against IN 35419 4533 17 floods flood NNS 35419 4533 18 , , , 35419 4533 19 wind wind NN 35419 4533 20 , , , 35419 4533 21 shifting shift VBG 35419 4533 22 sand sand NN 35419 4533 23 , , , 35419 4533 24 heat heat NN 35419 4533 25 , , , 35419 4533 26 drought drought NN 35419 4533 27 , , , 35419 4533 28 etc etc FW 35419 4533 29 . . . 35419 4534 1 The the DT 35419 4534 2 National National NNP 35419 4534 3 Forests Forests NNPS 35419 4534 4 of of IN 35419 4534 5 the the DT 35419 4534 6 United United NNP 35419 4534 7 States States NNP 35419 4534 8 , , , 35419 4534 9 Fig Fig NNP 35419 4534 10 . . . 35419 4535 1 119 119 CD 35419 4535 2 , , , 35419 4535 3 with with IN 35419 4535 4 the the DT 35419 4535 5 state state NN 35419 4535 6 forests forest NNS 35419 4535 7 , , , 35419 4535 8 which which WDT 35419 4535 9 include include VBP 35419 4535 10 one one CD 35419 4535 11 - - HYPH 35419 4535 12 fifth fifth NN 35419 4535 13 of of IN 35419 4535 14 the the DT 35419 4535 15 total total JJ 35419 4535 16 forest forest NN 35419 4535 17 area area NN 35419 4535 18 , , , 35419 4535 19 are be VBP 35419 4535 20 largely largely RB 35419 4535 21 treated treat VBN 35419 4535 22 as as IN 35419 4535 23 " " `` 35419 4535 24 protection protection NN 35419 4535 25 forests forest NNS 35419 4535 26 " " '' 35419 4535 27 to to TO 35419 4535 28 maintain maintain VB 35419 4535 29 the the DT 35419 4535 30 head head NN 35419 4535 31 waters water NNS 35419 4535 32 of of IN 35419 4535 33 streams stream NNS 35419 4535 34 , , , 35419 4535 35 Fig Fig NNP 35419 4535 36 . . . 35419 4536 1 120 120 CD 35419 4536 2 , , , 35419 4536 3 used use VBN 35419 4536 4 for for IN 35419 4536 5 irrigation irrigation NN 35419 4536 6 , , , 35419 4536 7 for for IN 35419 4536 8 power power NN 35419 4536 9 or or CC 35419 4536 10 for for IN 35419 4536 11 commerce commerce NN 35419 4536 12 . . . 35419 4537 1 The the DT 35419 4537 2 attempt attempt NN 35419 4537 3 now now RB 35419 4537 4 being be VBG 35419 4537 5 made make VBN 35419 4537 6 to to TO 35419 4537 7 reserve reserve VB 35419 4537 8 large large JJ 35419 4537 9 areas area NNS 35419 4537 10 in in IN 35419 4537 11 the the DT 35419 4537 12 White White NNP 35419 4537 13 Mountains Mountains NNPS 35419 4537 14 and and CC 35419 4537 15 southern southern JJ 35419 4537 16 Appalachians Appalachians NNPS 35419 4537 17 is be VBZ 35419 4537 18 chiefly chiefly RB 35419 4537 19 for for IN 35419 4537 20 this this DT 35419 4537 21 purpose purpose NN 35419 4537 22 of of IN 35419 4537 23 protection protection NN 35419 4537 24 . . . 35419 4538 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 4538 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 4538 3 : : : 35419 4538 4 Fig Fig NNP 35419 4538 5 . . . 35419 4539 1 119 119 CD 35419 4539 2 . . . 35419 4540 1 National National NNP 35419 4540 2 Forests Forests NNPS 35419 4540 3 in in IN 35419 4540 4 the the DT 35419 4540 5 United United NNP 35419 4540 6 States States NNP 35419 4540 7 . . . 35419 4540 8 ] ] -RRB- 35419 4541 1 A a DT 35419 4541 2 comparison comparison NN 35419 4541 3 of of IN 35419 4541 4 Figs Figs NNP 35419 4541 5 . . . 35419 4542 1 120 120 CD 35419 4542 2 and and CC 35419 4542 3 121 121 CD 35419 4542 4 shows show VBZ 35419 4542 5 clearly clearly RB 35419 4542 6 the the DT 35419 4542 7 difference difference NN 35419 4542 8 between between IN 35419 4542 9 a a DT 35419 4542 10 region region NN 35419 4542 11 protected protect VBN 35419 4542 12 by by IN 35419 4542 13 forest forest NN 35419 4542 14 and and CC 35419 4542 15 one one CD 35419 4542 16 unprotected unprotected JJ 35419 4542 17 . . . 35419 4543 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 4543 2 1 1 CD 35419 4543 3 ] ] -RRB- 35419 4543 4 [ [ -LRB- 35419 4543 5 Illustration illustration NN 35419 4543 6 : : : 35419 4543 7 Fig Fig NNP 35419 4543 8 . . . 35419 4544 1 120 120 CD 35419 4544 2 . . . 35419 4545 1 A a DT 35419 4545 2 Protection Protection NNP 35419 4545 3 Forest Forest NNP 35419 4545 4 , , , 35419 4545 5 Maintaining maintain VBG 35419 4545 6 the the DT 35419 4545 7 Headwaters Headwaters NNPS 35419 4545 8 of of IN 35419 4545 9 Streams Streams NNPS 35419 4545 10 . . . 35419 4546 1 North North NNP 35419 4546 2 Carolina Carolina NNP 35419 4546 3 . . . 35419 4547 1 _ _ NNP 35419 4547 2 U. U. NNP 35419 4548 1 S. S. NNP 35419 4548 2 Forest Forest NNP 35419 4548 3 Service Service NNP 35419 4548 4 . . . 35419 4548 5 _ _ NNP 35419 4548 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 4548 7 [ [ -LRB- 35419 4548 8 Illustration illustration NN 35419 4548 9 : : : 35419 4548 10 Fig Fig NNP 35419 4548 11 . . . 35419 4549 1 121 121 CD 35419 4549 2 . . . 35419 4550 1 Hillside Hillside NNP 35419 4550 2 Erosion Erosion NNP 35419 4550 3 . . . 35419 4551 1 North North NNP 35419 4551 2 Carolina Carolina NNP 35419 4551 3 . . . 35419 4552 1 _ _ NNP 35419 4552 2 U. U. NNP 35419 4553 1 S. S. NNP 35419 4553 2 Forest Forest NNP 35419 4553 3 Service Service NNP 35419 4553 4 _ _ NNP 35419 4553 5 ] ] -RRB- 35419 4553 6 ( ( -LRB- 35419 4553 7 2 2 LS 35419 4553 8 ) ) -RRB- 35419 4553 9 _ _ NNP 35419 4553 10 Productive Productive NNP 35419 4553 11 . . . 35419 4553 12 _ _ NNP 35419 4553 13 All all DT 35419 4553 14 practical practical JJ 35419 4553 15 foresters forester NNS 35419 4553 16 have have VBP 35419 4553 17 as as IN 35419 4553 18 their -PRON- PRP$ 35419 4553 19 first first JJ 35419 4553 20 aim aim NN 35419 4553 21 the the DT 35419 4553 22 _ _ NNP 35419 4553 23 yield yield NN 35419 4553 24 _ _ NNP 35419 4553 25 of of IN 35419 4553 26 the the DT 35419 4553 27 forest forest NN 35419 4553 28 . . . 35419 4554 1 This this DT 35419 4554 2 distinguishes distinguish VBZ 35419 4554 3 forestry forestry NN 35419 4554 4 from from IN 35419 4554 5 landscape landscape NN 35419 4554 6 architecture architecture NN 35419 4554 7 , , , 35419 4554 8 the the DT 35419 4554 9 object object NN 35419 4554 10 of of IN 35419 4554 11 which which WDT 35419 4554 12 may may MD 35419 4554 13 equally equally RB 35419 4554 14 be be VB 35419 4554 15 the the DT 35419 4554 16 preservation preservation NN 35419 4554 17 and and CC 35419 4554 18 improvement improvement NN 35419 4554 19 of of IN 35419 4554 20 a a DT 35419 4554 21 given give VBN 35419 4554 22 tract tract NN 35419 4554 23 . . . 35419 4555 1 The the DT 35419 4555 2 crop crop NN 35419 4555 3 to to TO 35419 4555 4 be be VB 35419 4555 5 produced produce VBN 35419 4555 6 is be VBZ 35419 4555 7 as as IN 35419 4555 8 truly truly RB 35419 4555 9 the the DT 35419 4555 10 prime prime JJ 35419 4555 11 concern concern NN 35419 4555 12 of of IN 35419 4555 13 the the DT 35419 4555 14 forester forester NN 35419 4555 15 as as IN 35419 4555 16 the the DT 35419 4555 17 raising raising NN 35419 4555 18 of of IN 35419 4555 19 agricultural agricultural JJ 35419 4555 20 crops crop NNS 35419 4555 21 is be VBZ 35419 4555 22 the the DT 35419 4555 23 prime prime JJ 35419 4555 24 concern concern NN 35419 4555 25 of of IN 35419 4555 26 the the DT 35419 4555 27 farmer farmer NN 35419 4555 28 . . . 35419 4556 1 It -PRON- PRP 35419 4556 2 is be VBZ 35419 4556 3 for for IN 35419 4556 4 this this DT 35419 4556 5 reason reason NN 35419 4556 6 that that IN 35419 4556 7 forestry forestry NN 35419 4556 8 is be VBZ 35419 4556 9 said say VBN 35419 4556 10 to to TO 35419 4556 11 be be VB 35419 4556 12 the the DT 35419 4556 13 same same JJ 35419 4556 14 thing thing NN 35419 4556 15 as as IN 35419 4556 16 conservative conservative JJ 35419 4556 17 lumbering lumbering NN 35419 4556 18 , , , 35419 4556 19 Fig Fig NNP 35419 4556 20 . . . 35419 4557 1 122 122 CD 35419 4557 2 . . . 35419 4558 1 The the DT 35419 4558 2 prejudice prejudice NN 35419 4558 3 of of IN 35419 4558 4 lumbermen lumberman NNS 35419 4558 5 against against IN 35419 4558 6 forestry forestry NN 35419 4558 7 has have VBZ 35419 4558 8 arisen arise VBN 35419 4558 9 from from IN 35419 4558 10 a a DT 35419 4558 11 misunderstanding misunderstanding NN 35419 4558 12 of of IN 35419 4558 13 its -PRON- PRP$ 35419 4558 14 aim aim NN 35419 4558 15 . . . 35419 4559 1 Its -PRON- PRP$ 35419 4559 2 aim aim NN 35419 4559 3 is be VBZ 35419 4559 4 not not RB 35419 4559 5 to to TO 35419 4559 6 prevent prevent VB 35419 4559 7 the the DT 35419 4559 8 cutting cutting NN 35419 4559 9 down down RP 35419 4559 10 of of IN 35419 4559 11 trees tree NNS 35419 4559 12 , , , 35419 4559 13 but but CC 35419 4559 14 to to TO 35419 4559 15 direct direct VB 35419 4559 16 their -PRON- PRP$ 35419 4559 17 cutting cutting NN 35419 4559 18 in in IN 35419 4559 19 such such JJ 35419 4559 20 ways way NNS 35419 4559 21 that that WDT 35419 4559 22 in in IN 35419 4559 23 the the DT 35419 4559 24 future future NN 35419 4559 25 there there EX 35419 4559 26 will will MD 35419 4559 27 still still RB 35419 4559 28 be be VB 35419 4559 29 trees tree NNS 35419 4559 30 to to TO 35419 4559 31 cut cut VB 35419 4559 32 . . . 35419 4560 1 " " `` 35419 4560 2 Thru thru JJ 35419 4560 3 use use NN 35419 4560 4 to to IN 35419 4560 5 a a DT 35419 4560 6 greater great JJR 35419 4560 7 use use NN 35419 4560 8 , , , 35419 4560 9 " " '' 35419 4560 10 is be VBZ 35419 4560 11 the the DT 35419 4560 12 motto motto NN 35419 4560 13 of of IN 35419 4560 14 the the DT 35419 4560 15 Forest Forest NNP 35419 4560 16 Service Service NNP 35419 4560 17 . . . 35419 4561 1 The the DT 35419 4561 2 difference difference NN 35419 4561 3 between between IN 35419 4561 4 destructive destructive JJ 35419 4561 5 lumbering lumbering NN 35419 4561 6 and and CC 35419 4561 7 conservative conservative JJ 35419 4561 8 lumbering lumbering NN 35419 4561 9 is be VBZ 35419 4561 10 that that IN 35419 4561 11 the the DT 35419 4561 12 former former JJ 35419 4561 13 cuts cut NNS 35419 4561 14 one one CD 35419 4561 15 crop crop NN 35419 4561 16 regardless regardless RB 35419 4561 17 of of IN 35419 4561 18 the the DT 35419 4561 19 future future NN 35419 4561 20 ; ; : 35419 4561 21 while while IN 35419 4561 22 the the DT 35419 4561 23 latter latter JJ 35419 4561 24 plans plan NNS 35419 4561 25 to to TO 35419 4561 26 cut cut VB 35419 4561 27 crop crop NN 35419 4561 28 after after IN 35419 4561 29 crop crop NN 35419 4561 30 indefinitely indefinitely RB 35419 4561 31 . . . 35419 4562 1 In in IN 35419 4562 2 other other JJ 35419 4562 3 words word NNS 35419 4562 4 , , , 35419 4562 5 in in IN 35419 4562 6 conservative conservative JJ 35419 4562 7 lumbering lumbering NN 35419 4562 8 , , , 35419 4562 9 the the DT 35419 4562 10 trees tree NNS 35419 4562 11 to to TO 35419 4562 12 be be VB 35419 4562 13 cut cut VBN 35419 4562 14 are be VBP 35419 4562 15 not not RB 35419 4562 16 selected select VBN 35419 4562 17 solely solely RB 35419 4562 18 with with IN 35419 4562 19 reference reference NN 35419 4562 20 to to IN 35419 4562 21 their -PRON- PRP$ 35419 4562 22 immediate immediate JJ 35419 4562 23 market market NN 35419 4562 24 value value NN 35419 4562 25 . . . 35419 4563 1 Not not RB 35419 4563 2 one one CD 35419 4563 3 crop crop NN 35419 4563 4 , , , 35419 4563 5 but but CC 35419 4563 6 many many JJ 35419 4563 7 , , , 35419 4563 8 is be VBZ 35419 4563 9 the the DT 35419 4563 10 forester forester NN 35419 4563 11 's 's POS 35419 4563 12 motto motto NN 35419 4563 13 . . . 35419 4564 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 4564 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 4564 3 : : : 35419 4564 4 Fig Fig NNP 35419 4564 5 . . . 35419 4565 1 122 122 CD 35419 4565 2 . . . 35419 4566 1 Conservative conservative JJ 35419 4566 2 Lumbering Lumbering NNP 35419 4566 3 . . . 35419 4567 1 Black Black NNP 35419 4567 2 Hills Hills NNP 35419 4567 3 National National NNP 35419 4567 4 Forest Forest NNP 35419 4567 5 , , , 35419 4567 6 South South NNP 35419 4567 7 Dakota Dakota NNP 35419 4567 8 . . . 35419 4568 1 Note note VB 35419 4568 2 the the DT 35419 4568 3 brush brush NN 35419 4568 4 , , , 35419 4568 5 cord cord NN 35419 4568 6 - - HYPH 35419 4568 7 wood wood NN 35419 4568 8 , , , 35419 4568 9 and and CC 35419 4568 10 logs logs NNP 35419 4568 11 piled pile VBD 35419 4568 12 separately,--a separately,--a JJ 35419 4568 13 fine fine JJ 35419 4568 14 clean clean NN 35419 4568 15 - - HYPH 35419 4568 16 up up NN 35419 4568 17 . . . 35419 4569 1 Nothing nothing NN 35419 4569 2 cut cut VBD 35419 4569 3 below below IN 35419 4569 4 12 12 CD 35419 4569 5 " " `` 35419 4569 6 diameter diameter NN 35419 4569 7 . . . 35419 4570 1 _ _ NNP 35419 4570 2 U. U. NNP 35419 4571 1 S. S. NNP 35419 4571 2 Forest Forest NNP 35419 4571 3 Service Service NNP 35419 4571 4 . . . 35419 4571 5 _ _ NNP 35419 4571 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 4571 7 So so RB 35419 4571 8 long long RB 35419 4571 9 as as IN 35419 4571 10 the the DT 35419 4571 11 supply supply NN 35419 4571 12 seemed seem VBD 35419 4571 13 exhaustless exhaustless NN 35419 4571 14 , , , 35419 4571 15 forests forest NNS 35419 4571 16 might may MD 35419 4571 17 be be VB 35419 4571 18 and and CC 35419 4571 19 were be VBD 35419 4571 20 treated treat VBN 35419 4571 21 as as IN 35419 4571 22 mines mine NNS 35419 4571 23 are be VBP 35419 4571 24 , , , 35419 4571 25 _ _ NNP 35419 4571 26 i.e. i.e. FW 35419 4571 27 _ _ NNP 35419 4571 28 , , , 35419 4571 29 exploited exploit VBN 35419 4571 30 for for IN 35419 4571 31 the the DT 35419 4571 32 sake sake NN 35419 4571 33 of of IN 35419 4571 34 immediate immediate JJ 35419 4571 35 profit profit NN 35419 4571 36 ; ; : 35419 4571 37 but but CC 35419 4571 38 now now RB 35419 4571 39 that that IN 35419 4571 40 lumbermen lumberman NNS 35419 4571 41 begin begin VBP 35419 4571 42 to to TO 35419 4571 43 realize realize VB 35419 4571 44 that that IN 35419 4571 45 the the DT 35419 4571 46 end end NN 35419 4571 47 of of IN 35419 4571 48 the the DT 35419 4571 49 supply supply NN 35419 4571 50 is be VBZ 35419 4571 51 in in IN 35419 4571 52 sight sight NN 35419 4571 53 , , , 35419 4571 54 more more RBR 35419 4571 55 conservative conservative JJ 35419 4571 56 methods method NNS 35419 4571 57 are be VBP 35419 4571 58 being be VBG 35419 4571 59 adopted adopt VBN 35419 4571 60 . . . 35419 4572 1 We -PRON- PRP 35419 4572 2 can can MD 35419 4572 3 not not RB 35419 4572 4 afford afford VB 35419 4572 5 to to TO 35419 4572 6 kill kill VB 35419 4572 7 the the DT 35419 4572 8 goose goose NN 35419 4572 9 that that WDT 35419 4572 10 lays lay VBZ 35419 4572 11 the the DT 35419 4572 12 golden golden JJ 35419 4572 13 eggs egg NNS 35419 4572 14 . . . 35419 4573 1 In in IN 35419 4573 2 order order NN 35419 4573 3 then then RB 35419 4573 4 to to TO 35419 4573 5 obtain obtain VB 35419 4573 6 as as IN 35419 4573 7 rich rich JJ 35419 4573 8 harvests harvest NNS 35419 4573 9 as as IN 35419 4573 10 possible possible JJ 35419 4573 11 , , , 35419 4573 12 the the DT 35419 4573 13 modern modern JJ 35419 4573 14 forester forester NN 35419 4573 15 makes make VBZ 35419 4573 16 use use NN 35419 4573 17 of of IN 35419 4573 18 various various JJ 35419 4573 19 methods method NNS 35419 4573 20 , , , 35419 4573 21 some some DT 35419 4573 22 negative negative JJ 35419 4573 23 , , , 35419 4573 24 some some DT 35419 4573 25 positive positive JJ 35419 4573 26 . . . 35419 4574 1 Waste Waste NNP 35419 4574 2 is be VBZ 35419 4574 3 avoided avoid VBN 35419 4574 4 in in IN 35419 4574 5 all all DT 35419 4574 6 possible possible JJ 35419 4574 7 ways way NNS 35419 4574 8 , , , 35419 4574 9 stumps stump NNS 35419 4574 10 are be VBP 35419 4574 11 cut cut VBN 35419 4574 12 low low JJ 35419 4574 13 and and CC 35419 4574 14 tops top NNS 35419 4574 15 high high RB 35419 4574 16 on on IN 35419 4574 17 the the DT 35419 4574 18 trunk trunk NN 35419 4574 19 , , , 35419 4574 20 first first JJ 35419 4574 21 class class NN 35419 4574 22 trees tree NNS 35419 4574 23 are be VBP 35419 4574 24 not not RB 35419 4574 25 used use VBN 35419 4574 26 for for IN 35419 4574 27 skids skid NNS 35419 4574 28 , , , 35419 4574 29 bridges bridge NNS 35419 4574 30 , , , 35419 4574 31 roads road NNS 35419 4574 32 , , , 35419 4574 33 etc etc FW 35419 4574 34 . . . 35419 4574 35 , , , 35419 4574 36 care care NN 35419 4574 37 is be VBZ 35419 4574 38 taken take VBN 35419 4574 39 in in IN 35419 4574 40 " " `` 35419 4574 41 falling fall VBG 35419 4574 42 " " '' 35419 4574 43 trees tree NNS 35419 4574 44 and and CC 35419 4574 45 in in IN 35419 4574 46 dragging drag VBG 35419 4574 47 out out RP 35419 4574 48 logs log NNS 35419 4574 49 , , , 35419 4574 50 that that IN 35419 4574 51 they -PRON- PRP 35419 4574 52 will will MD 35419 4574 53 not not RB 35419 4574 54 injure injure VB 35419 4574 55 other other JJ 35419 4574 56 trees tree NNS 35419 4574 57 . . . 35419 4575 1 Just just RB 35419 4575 2 as as IN 35419 4575 3 economical economical JJ 35419 4575 4 disposal disposal NN 35419 4575 5 of of IN 35419 4575 6 the the DT 35419 4575 7 log log NN 35419 4575 8 has have VBZ 35419 4575 9 already already RB 35419 4575 10 been be VBN 35419 4575 11 carried carry VBN 35419 4575 12 to to IN 35419 4575 13 a a DT 35419 4575 14 high high JJ 35419 4575 15 degree degree NN 35419 4575 16 of of IN 35419 4575 17 perfection perfection NN 35419 4575 18 in in IN 35419 4575 19 the the DT 35419 4575 20 saw saw NN 35419 4575 21 - - HYPH 35419 4575 22 mill mill NN 35419 4575 23 , , , 35419 4575 24 ( ( -LRB- 35419 4575 25 see see VB 35419 4575 26 _ _ NNP 35419 4575 27 Handwork Handwork NNP 35419 4575 28 in in IN 35419 4575 29 Wood Wood NNP 35419 4575 30 _ _ NNP 35419 4575 31 , , , 35419 4575 32 Chapter Chapter NNP 35419 4575 33 II II NNP 35419 4575 34 , , , 35419 4575 35 ) ) -RRB- 35419 4575 36 so so RB 35419 4575 37 one one CD 35419 4575 38 object object NN 35419 4575 39 of of IN 35419 4575 40 forestry forestry NN 35419 4575 41 is be VBZ 35419 4575 42 to to TO 35419 4575 43 carry carry VB 35419 4575 44 this this DT 35419 4575 45 economy economy NN 35419 4575 46 back back RB 35419 4575 47 into into IN 35419 4575 48 the the DT 35419 4575 49 woods wood NNS 35419 4575 50 . . . 35419 4576 1 One one CD 35419 4576 2 of of IN 35419 4576 3 the the DT 35419 4576 4 underlying underlie VBG 35419 4576 5 ideas idea NNS 35419 4576 6 in in IN 35419 4576 7 conservative conservative JJ 35419 4576 8 lumbering lumbering NN 35419 4576 9 is be VBZ 35419 4576 10 that that IN 35419 4576 11 the the DT 35419 4576 12 " " `` 35419 4576 13 yield yield NN 35419 4576 14 , , , 35419 4576 15 " " '' 35419 4576 16 _ _ NNP 35419 4576 17 i.e. i.e. FW 35419 4576 18 _ _ NNP 35419 4576 19 , , , 35419 4576 20 the the DT 35419 4576 21 amount amount NN 35419 4576 22 of of IN 35419 4576 23 wood wood NN 35419 4576 24 taken take VBN 35419 4576 25 out out IN 35419 4576 26 of of IN 35419 4576 27 a a DT 35419 4576 28 healthy healthy JJ 35419 4576 29 forest forest NN 35419 4576 30 in in IN 35419 4576 31 a a DT 35419 4576 32 given give VBN 35419 4576 33 time time NN 35419 4576 34 , , , 35419 4576 35 shall shall MD 35419 4576 36 be be VB 35419 4576 37 equal equal JJ 35419 4576 38 to to IN 35419 4576 39 the the DT 35419 4576 40 amount amount NN 35419 4576 41 grown grow VBN 35419 4576 42 during during IN 35419 4576 43 the the DT 35419 4576 44 same same JJ 35419 4576 45 period period NN 35419 4576 46 . . . 35419 4577 1 If if IN 35419 4577 2 less less JJR 35419 4577 3 is be VBZ 35419 4577 4 taken take VBN 35419 4577 5 out out RP 35419 4577 6 than than IN 35419 4577 7 grows grow VBZ 35419 4577 8 , , , 35419 4577 9 some some DT 35419 4577 10 trees tree NNS 35419 4577 11 will will MD 35419 4577 12 overmature overmature VB 35419 4577 13 and and CC 35419 4577 14 decay decay VB 35419 4577 15 ; ; : 35419 4577 16 if if IN 35419 4577 17 more more JJR 35419 4577 18 is be VBZ 35419 4577 19 taken take VBN 35419 4577 20 out out RP 35419 4577 21 than than IN 35419 4577 22 grows grow VBZ 35419 4577 23 , , , 35419 4577 24 the the DT 35419 4577 25 forest forest NN 35419 4577 26 will will MD 35419 4577 27 ultimately ultimately RB 35419 4577 28 be be VB 35419 4577 29 exhausted exhaust VBN 35419 4577 30 . . . 35419 4578 1 This this DT 35419 4578 2 principle principle NN 35419 4578 3 may may MD 35419 4578 4 be be VB 35419 4578 5 carried carry VBN 35419 4578 6 out out RP 35419 4578 7 in in IN 35419 4578 8 a a DT 35419 4578 9 number number NN 35419 4578 10 of of IN 35419 4578 11 ways way NNS 35419 4578 12 ; ; : 35419 4578 13 but but CC 35419 4578 14 in in IN 35419 4578 15 any any DT 35419 4578 16 case case NN 35419 4578 17 it -PRON- PRP 35419 4578 18 is be VBZ 35419 4578 19 necessary necessary JJ 35419 4578 20 to to TO 35419 4578 21 know know VB 35419 4578 22 how how WRB 35419 4578 23 fast fast RB 35419 4578 24 the the DT 35419 4578 25 forest forest NN 35419 4578 26 is be VBZ 35419 4578 27 reproducing reproduce VBG 35419 4578 28 itself -PRON- PRP 35419 4578 29 , , , 35419 4578 30 and and CC 35419 4578 31 this this DT 35419 4578 32 is be VBZ 35419 4578 33 one one CD 35419 4578 34 of of IN 35419 4578 35 the the DT 35419 4578 36 functions function NNS 35419 4578 37 of of IN 35419 4578 38 the the DT 35419 4578 39 forester forester NN 35419 4578 40 . . . 35419 4579 1 The the DT 35419 4579 2 United United NNP 35419 4579 3 States States NNP 35419 4579 4 Forest Forest NNP 35419 4579 5 Service Service NNP 35419 4579 6 makes make VBZ 35419 4579 7 a a DT 35419 4579 8 definite definite JJ 35419 4579 9 offer offer NN 35419 4579 10 of of IN 35419 4579 11 cooperation cooperation NN 35419 4579 12 with with IN 35419 4579 13 farmers farmer NNS 35419 4579 14 and and CC 35419 4579 15 lumbermen lumberman NNS 35419 4579 16 and and CC 35419 4579 17 owners owner NNS 35419 4579 18 of of IN 35419 4579 19 forests forest NNS 35419 4579 20 to to TO 35419 4579 21 provide provide VB 35419 4579 22 them -PRON- PRP 35419 4579 23 with with IN 35419 4579 24 skilled skilled JJ 35419 4579 25 foresters forester NNS 35419 4579 26 for for IN 35419 4579 27 direction direction NN 35419 4579 28 in in IN 35419 4579 29 this this DT 35419 4579 30 matter matter NN 35419 4579 31 . . . 35419 4580 1 In in IN 35419 4580 2 the the DT 35419 4580 3 United United NNP 35419 4580 4 States States NNP 35419 4580 5 , , , 35419 4580 6 the the DT 35419 4580 7 most most RBS 35419 4580 8 practicable practicable JJ 35419 4580 9 way way NN 35419 4580 10 of of IN 35419 4580 11 determining determine VBG 35419 4580 12 the the DT 35419 4580 13 yield yield NN 35419 4580 14 is be VBZ 35419 4580 15 by by IN 35419 4580 16 area area NN 35419 4580 17 , , , 35419 4580 18 _ _ NNP 35419 4580 19 i.e. i.e. FW 35419 4580 20 _ _ NNP 35419 4580 21 , , , 35419 4580 22 a a DT 35419 4580 23 certain certain JJ 35419 4580 24 fraction fraction NN 35419 4580 25 of of IN 35419 4580 26 a a DT 35419 4580 27 forest forest NN 35419 4580 28 is be VBZ 35419 4580 29 to to TO 35419 4580 30 be be VB 35419 4580 31 cut cut VBN 35419 4580 32 over over RP 35419 4580 33 once once RB 35419 4580 34 in in IN 35419 4580 35 a a DT 35419 4580 36 given give VBN 35419 4580 37 length length NN 35419 4580 38 of of IN 35419 4580 39 time time NN 35419 4580 40 , , , 35419 4580 41 a a DT 35419 4580 42 year year NN 35419 4580 43 or or CC 35419 4580 44 longer long JJR 35419 4580 45 . . . 35419 4581 1 The the DT 35419 4581 2 time time NN 35419 4581 3 between between IN 35419 4581 4 two two CD 35419 4581 5 successive successive JJ 35419 4581 6 cuttings cutting NNS 35419 4581 7 on on IN 35419 4581 8 the the DT 35419 4581 9 same same JJ 35419 4581 10 area area NN 35419 4581 11 must must MD 35419 4581 12 be be VB 35419 4581 13 long long JJ 35419 4581 14 enough enough RB 35419 4581 15 to to TO 35419 4581 16 allow allow VB 35419 4581 17 the the DT 35419 4581 18 young young JJ 35419 4581 19 trees tree NNS 35419 4581 20 left leave VBN 35419 4581 21 standing stand VBG 35419 4581 22 to to TO 35419 4581 23 ripen ripen VB 35419 4581 24 . . . 35419 4582 1 In in IN 35419 4582 2 a a DT 35419 4582 3 word word NN 35419 4582 4 , , , 35419 4582 5 conservative conservative JJ 35419 4582 6 lumbering lumbering NN 35419 4582 7 involves involve NNS 35419 4582 8 ( ( -LRB- 35419 4582 9 1 1 LS 35419 4582 10 ) ) -RRB- 35419 4582 11 the the DT 35419 4582 12 treatment treatment NN 35419 4582 13 of of IN 35419 4582 14 the the DT 35419 4582 15 forest forest NN 35419 4582 16 as as IN 35419 4582 17 a a DT 35419 4582 18 source source NN 35419 4582 19 of of IN 35419 4582 20 crops crop NNS 35419 4582 21 , , , 35419 4582 22 ( ( -LRB- 35419 4582 23 2 2 LS 35419 4582 24 ) ) -RRB- 35419 4582 25 systematic systematic JJ 35419 4582 26 gathering gathering NN 35419 4582 27 , , , 35419 4582 28 and and CC 35419 4582 29 ( ( -LRB- 35419 4582 30 3 3 LS 35419 4582 31 ) ) -RRB- 35419 4582 32 young young JJ 35419 4582 33 growth growth NN 35419 4582 34 so so RB 35419 4582 35 left leave VBD 35419 4582 36 as as IN 35419 4582 37 to to TO 35419 4582 38 replace replace VB 35419 4582 39 the the DT 35419 4582 40 outgo outgo NN 35419 4582 41 . . . 35419 4583 1 The the DT 35419 4583 2 important important JJ 35419 4583 3 place place NN 35419 4583 4 that that WDT 35419 4583 5 forests forest NNS 35419 4583 6 fill fill VBP 35419 4583 7 in in RP 35419 4583 8 the the DT 35419 4583 9 national national JJ 35419 4583 10 economy economy NN 35419 4583 11 may may MD 35419 4583 12 be be VB 35419 4583 13 realized realize VBN 35419 4583 14 partly partly RB 35419 4583 15 by by IN 35419 4583 16 the the DT 35419 4583 17 citation citation NN 35419 4583 18 of of IN 35419 4583 19 a a DT 35419 4583 20 few few JJ 35419 4583 21 facts fact NNS 35419 4583 22 as as IN 35419 4583 23 to to IN 35419 4583 24 the the DT 35419 4583 25 forest forest NN 35419 4583 26 products product NNS 35419 4583 27 . . . 35419 4584 1 The the DT 35419 4584 2 lumber lumber NN 35419 4584 3 industry industry NN 35419 4584 4 is be VBZ 35419 4584 5 the the DT 35419 4584 6 fourth fourth JJ 35419 4584 7 in in IN 35419 4584 8 value value NN 35419 4584 9 of of IN 35419 4584 10 products product NNS 35419 4584 11 among among IN 35419 4584 12 the the DT 35419 4584 13 great great JJ 35419 4584 14 manufacturing manufacturing NN 35419 4584 15 industries industry NNS 35419 4584 16 of of IN 35419 4584 17 the the DT 35419 4584 18 United United NNP 35419 4584 19 States States NNP 35419 4584 20 , , , 35419 4584 21 being be VBG 35419 4584 22 exceeded exceed VBN 35419 4584 23 only only RB 35419 4584 24 by by IN 35419 4584 25 the the DT 35419 4584 26 iron iron NN 35419 4584 27 and and CC 35419 4584 28 steel steel NN 35419 4584 29 , , , 35419 4584 30 the the DT 35419 4584 31 textile textile NN 35419 4584 32 , , , 35419 4584 33 and and CC 35419 4584 34 the the DT 35419 4584 35 meat meat NN 35419 4584 36 industries industry NNS 35419 4584 37 . . . 35419 4585 1 It -PRON- PRP 35419 4585 2 turns turn VBZ 35419 4585 3 out out RP 35419 4585 4 a a DT 35419 4585 5 finished finish VBN 35419 4585 6 product product NN 35419 4585 7 worth worth JJ 35419 4585 8 $ $ $ 35419 4585 9 567,000,000.00 567,000,000.00 CD 35419 4585 10 . . . 35419 4586 1 And and CC 35419 4586 2 yet yet RB 35419 4586 3 lumber lumber NN 35419 4586 4 constitutes constitute VBZ 35419 4586 5 only only RB 35419 4586 6 about about IN 35419 4586 7 one one CD 35419 4586 8 - - HYPH 35419 4586 9 half half NN 35419 4586 10 of of IN 35419 4586 11 the the DT 35419 4586 12 value value NN 35419 4586 13 of of IN 35419 4586 14 the the DT 35419 4586 15 total total JJ 35419 4586 16 output output NN 35419 4586 17 of of IN 35419 4586 18 forest forest NN 35419 4586 19 products product NNS 35419 4586 20 . . . 35419 4587 1 Its -PRON- PRP$ 35419 4587 2 annual annual JJ 35419 4587 3 value value NN 35419 4587 4 is be VBZ 35419 4587 5 three three CD 35419 4587 6 - - HYPH 35419 4587 7 fourths fourth NNS 35419 4587 8 of of IN 35419 4587 9 a a DT 35419 4587 10 billion billion CD 35419 4587 11 dollars dollar NNS 35419 4587 12 , , , 35419 4587 13 ( ( -LRB- 35419 4587 14 $ $ $ 35419 4587 15 666,641,367 666,641,367 CD 35419 4587 16 in in IN 35419 4587 17 1907 1907 CD 35419 4587 18 , , , 35419 4587 19 ) ) -RRB- 35419 4587 20 while while IN 35419 4587 21 the the DT 35419 4587 22 annual annual JJ 35419 4587 23 value value NN 35419 4587 24 of of IN 35419 4587 25 wood wood NN 35419 4587 26 fuel fuel NN 35419 4587 27 , , , 35419 4587 28 is be VBZ 35419 4587 29 $ $ $ 35419 4587 30 350,000,000 350,000,000 CD 35419 4587 31 . . . 35419 4588 1 More More JJR 35419 4588 2 than than IN 35419 4588 3 two two CD 35419 4588 4 - - HYPH 35419 4588 5 thirds third NNS 35419 4588 6 of of IN 35419 4588 7 the the DT 35419 4588 8 people people NNS 35419 4588 9 burn burn VBP 35419 4588 10 wood wood NN 35419 4588 11 for for IN 35419 4588 12 fuel fuel NN 35419 4588 13 . . . 35419 4589 1 The the DT 35419 4589 2 next next RB 35419 4589 3 largest large JJS 35419 4589 4 single single JJ 35419 4589 5 item item NN 35419 4589 6 in in IN 35419 4589 7 the the DT 35419 4589 8 list list NN 35419 4589 9 is be VBZ 35419 4589 10 shingles shingle NNS 35419 4589 11 and and CC 35419 4589 12 laths lath NNS 35419 4589 13 , , , 35419 4589 14 $ $ $ 35419 4589 15 32,000,000 32,000,000 CD 35419 4589 16 . . . 35419 4590 1 ( ( -LRB- 35419 4590 2 See see VB 35419 4590 3 _ _ NNP 35419 4590 4 Forestry Forestry NNP 35419 4590 5 Bulletin Bulletin NNP 35419 4590 6 _ _ NNP 35419 4590 7 No no UH 35419 4590 8 . . . 35419 4591 1 74 74 CD 35419 4591 2 , , , 35419 4591 3 p. p. NN 35419 4592 1 7 7 LS 35419 4592 2 . . . 35419 4592 3 ) ) -RRB- 35419 4593 1 Outside outside NN 35419 4593 2 of of IN 35419 4593 3 food food NN 35419 4593 4 products product NNS 35419 4593 5 , , , 35419 4593 6 no no DT 35419 4593 7 material material NN 35419 4593 8 is be VBZ 35419 4593 9 so so RB 35419 4593 10 universally universally RB 35419 4593 11 used used JJ 35419 4593 12 and and CC 35419 4593 13 so so RB 35419 4593 14 indispensable indispensable JJ 35419 4593 15 in in IN 35419 4593 16 human human JJ 35419 4593 17 economy economy NN 35419 4593 18 as as IN 35419 4593 19 wood wood NN 35419 4593 20 . . . 35419 4594 1 ( ( -LRB- 35419 4594 2 Fernow Fernow NNP 35419 4594 3 , , , 35419 4594 4 _ _ NNP 35419 4594 5 Econ Econ NNP 35419 4594 6 . . . 35419 4594 7 _ _ NNP 35419 4594 8 , , , 35419 4594 9 p. p. NN 35419 4595 1 21 21 CD 35419 4595 2 . . . 35419 4595 3 ) ) -RRB- 35419 4596 1 The the DT 35419 4596 2 importance importance NN 35419 4596 3 of of IN 35419 4596 4 forest forest NN 35419 4596 5 products product NNS 35419 4596 6 may may MD 35419 4596 7 also also RB 35419 4596 8 be be VB 35419 4596 9 learned learn VBN 35419 4596 10 from from IN 35419 4596 11 a a DT 35419 4596 12 mere mere JJ 35419 4596 13 list list NN 35419 4596 14 of of IN 35419 4596 15 the the DT 35419 4596 16 varied varied JJ 35419 4596 17 uses use NNS 35419 4596 18 to to TO 35419 4596 19 which which WDT 35419 4596 20 they -PRON- PRP 35419 4596 21 are be VBP 35419 4596 22 put put VBN 35419 4596 23 . . . 35419 4597 1 Such such PDT 35419 4597 2 a a DT 35419 4597 3 list list NN 35419 4597 4 would would MD 35419 4597 5 include include VB 35419 4597 6 : : : 35419 4597 7 fuel fuel NN 35419 4597 8 , , , 35419 4597 9 wood wood NN 35419 4597 10 and and CC 35419 4597 11 charcoal charcoal NN 35419 4597 12 ; ; : 35419 4597 13 houses house NNS 35419 4597 14 ( ( -LRB- 35419 4597 15 over over IN 35419 4597 16 half half PDT 35419 4597 17 the the DT 35419 4597 18 population population NN 35419 4597 19 of of IN 35419 4597 20 the the DT 35419 4597 21 United United NNP 35419 4597 22 States States NNP 35419 4597 23 live live VBP 35419 4597 24 in in IN 35419 4597 25 wooden wooden JJ 35419 4597 26 houses house NNS 35419 4597 27 ) ) -RRB- 35419 4597 28 ; ; : 35419 4597 29 the the DT 35419 4597 30 wooden wooden JJ 35419 4597 31 parts part NNS 35419 4597 32 of of IN 35419 4597 33 masonry masonry NN 35419 4597 34 and and CC 35419 4597 35 steel steel NN 35419 4597 36 buildings building NNS 35419 4597 37 ; ; : 35419 4597 38 scaffolding scaffolding NN 35419 4597 39 ; ; : 35419 4597 40 barns barn NNS 35419 4597 41 , , , 35419 4597 42 sheds shed NNS 35419 4597 43 and and CC 35419 4597 44 outhouses outhouse NNS 35419 4597 45 ; ; : 35419 4597 46 ships ship NNS 35419 4597 47 , , , 35419 4597 48 with with IN 35419 4597 49 all all PDT 35419 4597 50 their -PRON- PRP$ 35419 4597 51 parts part NNS 35419 4597 52 , , , 35419 4597 53 and and CC 35419 4597 54 the the DT 35419 4597 55 masts mast NNS 35419 4597 56 and and CC 35419 4597 57 trim trim NN 35419 4597 58 of of IN 35419 4597 59 steel steel NN 35419 4597 60 ships ship NNS 35419 4597 61 , , , 35419 4597 62 boats boat NNS 35419 4597 63 and and CC 35419 4597 64 canoes canoe NNS 35419 4597 65 ; ; : 35419 4597 66 oars oar NNS 35419 4597 67 and and CC 35419 4597 68 paddles paddle NNS 35419 4597 69 ; ; : 35419 4597 70 railway railway NN 35419 4597 71 ties tie NNS 35419 4597 72 ( ( -LRB- 35419 4597 73 annual annual JJ 35419 4597 74 expenditure expenditure NN 35419 4597 75 $ $ $ 35419 4597 76 50,000,000 50,000,000 CD 35419 4597 77 ) ) -RRB- 35419 4597 78 , , , 35419 4597 79 railway railway NN 35419 4597 80 cars car NNS 35419 4597 81 , , , 35419 4597 82 a a DT 35419 4597 83 million million CD 35419 4597 84 in in IN 35419 4597 85 number number NN 35419 4597 86 ; ; : 35419 4597 87 trestles trestle NNS 35419 4597 88 and and CC 35419 4597 89 bridges bridge NNS 35419 4597 90 ( ( -LRB- 35419 4597 91 more more JJR 35419 4597 92 than than IN 35419 4597 93 2,000 2,000 CD 35419 4597 94 miles mile NNS 35419 4597 95 in in IN 35419 4597 96 length length NN 35419 4597 97 ) ) -RRB- 35419 4597 98 ; ; : 35419 4597 99 posts post NNS 35419 4597 100 and and CC 35419 4597 101 fencing fencing NN 35419 4597 102 ; ; : 35419 4597 103 cooperage cooperage NN 35419 4597 104 stock stock NN 35419 4597 105 ( ( -LRB- 35419 4597 106 low low JJ 35419 4597 107 estimate estimate NN 35419 4597 108 , , , 35419 4597 109 $ $ $ 35419 4597 110 25,000,000 25,000,000 CD 35419 4597 111 annually annually RB 35419 4597 112 ) ) -RRB- 35419 4597 113 ; ; : 35419 4597 114 packing pack VBG 35419 4597 115 crates crate NNS 35419 4597 116 , , , 35419 4597 117 including include VBG 35419 4597 118 coffins coffin NNS 35419 4597 119 ; ; : 35419 4597 120 baskets basket NNS 35419 4597 121 ; ; , 35419 4597 122 electric electric JJ 35419 4597 123 wire wire NN 35419 4597 124 poles pole NNS 35419 4597 125 ( ( -LRB- 35419 4597 126 annual annual JJ 35419 4597 127 cost cost NN 35419 4597 128 about about IN 35419 4597 129 $ $ $ 35419 4597 130 10,000,000 10,000,000 CD 35419 4597 131 ) ) -RRB- 35419 4597 132 ; ; : 35419 4597 133 piles pile NNS 35419 4597 134 and and CC 35419 4597 135 submerged submerged JJ 35419 4597 136 structures structure NNS 35419 4597 137 , , , 35419 4597 138 like like IN 35419 4597 139 canal canal NN 35419 4597 140 locks lock NNS 35419 4597 141 and and CC 35419 4597 142 water water NN 35419 4597 143 - - HYPH 35419 4597 144 wheels wheel NNS 35419 4597 145 ; ; : 35419 4597 146 windmills windmill NNS 35419 4597 147 ; ; : 35419 4597 148 mining mining NN 35419 4597 149 timbers timber NNS 35419 4597 150 ( ( -LRB- 35419 4597 151 yearly yearly RB 35419 4597 152 cost cost NN 35419 4597 153 , , , 35419 4597 154 $ $ $ 35419 4597 155 7,500,000 7,500,000 CD 35419 4597 156 ) ) -RRB- 35419 4597 157 , , , 35419 4597 158 indispensable indispensable JJ 35419 4597 159 in in IN 35419 4597 160 all all DT 35419 4597 161 mining mining NN 35419 4597 162 operations operation NNS 35419 4597 163 ( ( -LRB- 35419 4597 164 for for IN 35419 4597 165 every every DT 35419 4597 166 100 100 CD 35419 4597 167 tons ton NNS 35419 4597 168 of of IN 35419 4597 169 coal coal NN 35419 4597 170 mined mine VBN 35419 4597 171 , , , 35419 4597 172 2 2 CD 35419 4597 173 tons ton NNS 35419 4597 174 of of IN 35419 4597 175 mining mining NN 35419 4597 176 timber timber NN 35419 4597 177 are be VBP 35419 4597 178 needed need VBN 35419 4597 179 ) ) -RRB- 35419 4597 180 ; ; : 35419 4597 181 street street NN 35419 4597 182 paving paving NN 35419 4597 183 ; ; : 35419 4597 184 veneers veneer NNS 35419 4597 185 ( ( -LRB- 35419 4597 186 $ $ $ 35419 4597 187 5,000,000.00 5,000,000.00 CD 35419 4597 188 worth worth NN 35419 4597 189 made make VBN 35419 4597 190 annually annually RB 35419 4597 191 ) ) -RRB- 35419 4597 192 ; ; : 35419 4597 193 vehicles vehicle NNS 35419 4597 194 , , , 35419 4597 195 including include VBG 35419 4597 196 carriages carriage NNS 35419 4597 197 , , , 35419 4597 198 wagons wagon NNS 35419 4597 199 , , , 35419 4597 200 automobiles automobile NNS 35419 4597 201 and and CC 35419 4597 202 sleighs sleigh NNS 35419 4597 203 ; ; : 35419 4597 204 furniture furniture NN 35419 4597 205 ; ; : 35419 4597 206 machines machine NNS 35419 4597 207 and and CC 35419 4597 208 their -PRON- PRP$ 35419 4597 209 parts part NNS 35419 4597 210 ; ; , 35419 4597 211 patterns pattern NNS 35419 4597 212 for for IN 35419 4597 213 metal metal NN 35419 4597 214 molding molding NN 35419 4597 215 ; ; : 35419 4597 216 tools tool NNS 35419 4597 217 and and CC 35419 4597 218 tool tool NN 35419 4597 219 handles handle NNS 35419 4597 220 ; ; : 35419 4597 221 musical musical JJ 35419 4597 222 instruments instrument NNS 35419 4597 223 ; ; : 35419 4597 224 cigar cigar NN 35419 4597 225 boxes box NNS 35419 4597 226 ; ; : 35419 4597 227 matches match NNS 35419 4597 228 ; ; : 35419 4597 229 toothpicks toothpick NNS 35419 4597 230 ; ; , 35419 4597 231 pencils pencil NNS 35419 4597 232 ; ; : 35419 4597 233 ( ( -LRB- 35419 4597 234 315 315 CD 35419 4597 235 million million CD 35419 4597 236 a a DT 35419 4597 237 year year NN 35419 4597 238 in in IN 35419 4597 239 the the DT 35419 4597 240 U. U. NNP 35419 4597 241 S. S. NNP 35419 4597 242 , , , 35419 4597 243 requiring require VBG 35419 4597 244 over over IN 35419 4597 245 7 7 CD 35419 4597 246 million million CD 35419 4597 247 cubic cubic JJ 35419 4597 248 feet foot NNS 35419 4597 249 of of IN 35419 4597 250 wood wood NN 35419 4597 251 ) ) -RRB- 35419 4597 252 ; ; , 35419 4597 253 engraving engrave VBG 35419 4597 254 blocks block NNS 35419 4597 255 ; ; : 35419 4597 256 shoe shoe NN 35419 4597 257 lasts last VBZ 35419 4597 258 , , , 35419 4597 259 shoe shoe NN 35419 4597 260 trees tree NNS 35419 4597 261 and and CC 35419 4597 262 parts part NNS 35419 4597 263 of of IN 35419 4597 264 shoes shoe NNS 35419 4597 265 ; ; : 35419 4597 266 hat hat NN 35419 4597 267 blocks block NNS 35419 4597 268 ; ; , 35419 4597 269 agricultural agricultural JJ 35419 4597 270 implements implement NNS 35419 4597 271 ; ; : 35419 4597 272 hop hop NN 35419 4597 273 and and CC 35419 4597 274 bean bean NN 35419 4597 275 poles pole NNS 35419 4597 276 ; ; : 35419 4597 277 playthings plaything NNS 35419 4597 278 and and CC 35419 4597 279 toys toy NNS 35419 4597 280 , , , 35419 4597 281 for for IN 35419 4597 282 both both DT 35419 4597 283 children child NNS 35419 4597 284 and and CC 35419 4597 285 adults adult NNS 35419 4597 286 ; ; : 35419 4597 287 Christmas Christmas NNP 35419 4597 288 trees tree NNS 35419 4597 289 and and CC 35419 4597 290 decorations decoration NNS 35419 4597 291 ; ; , 35419 4597 292 pipes pipe NNS 35419 4597 293 ; ; : 35419 4597 294 walking walking NN 35419 4597 295 sticks stick NNS 35419 4597 296 ; ; : 35419 4597 297 umbrella umbrella NNP 35419 4597 298 handles handle NNS 35419 4597 299 ; ; : 35419 4597 300 crutches crutch NNS 35419 4597 301 and and CC 35419 4597 302 artificial artificial JJ 35419 4597 303 limbs limb NNS 35419 4597 304 ; ; : 35419 4597 305 household household NN 35419 4597 306 utensils utensil NNS 35419 4597 307 ; ; : 35419 4597 308 excelsior excelsior JJ 35419 4597 309 . . . 35419 4598 1 Products product NNS 35419 4598 2 other other JJ 35419 4598 3 than than IN 35419 4598 4 wood wood NN 35419 4598 5 : : : 35419 4598 6 Turpentine turpentine NN 35419 4598 7 and and CC 35419 4598 8 resin resin NN 35419 4598 9 ( ( -LRB- 35419 4598 10 worth worth JJ 35419 4598 11 $ $ $ 35419 4598 12 20,000,000 20,000,000 CD 35419 4598 13 a a DT 35419 4598 14 year year NN 35419 4598 15 ) ) -RRB- 35419 4598 16 ; ; : 35419 4598 17 tar tar NN 35419 4598 18 ; ; : 35419 4598 19 oils oil NNS 35419 4598 20 ; ; : 35419 4598 21 tan tan NN 35419 4598 22 - - HYPH 35419 4598 23 bark bark NNP 35419 4598 24 , , , 35419 4598 25 1 1 CD 35419 4598 26 - - SYM 35419 4598 27 1/2 1/2 CD 35419 4598 28 million million CD 35419 4598 29 cords cord NNS 35419 4598 30 ( ( -LRB- 35419 4598 31 worth worth JJ 35419 4598 32 $ $ $ 35419 4598 33 13,000,000 13,000,000 CD 35419 4598 34 a a DT 35419 4598 35 year year NN 35419 4598 36 ) ) -RRB- 35419 4598 37 ; ; : 35419 4598 38 wood wood NN 35419 4598 39 alcohol alcohol NN 35419 4598 40 ; ; : 35419 4598 41 wood wood NN 35419 4598 42 pulp pulp NN 35419 4598 43 ( ( -LRB- 35419 4598 44 worth worth JJ 35419 4598 45 $ $ $ 35419 4598 46 15,000,000 15,000,000 CD 35419 4598 47 a a DT 35419 4598 48 year year NN 35419 4598 49 ) ) -RRB- 35419 4598 50 ; ; : 35419 4598 51 nuts nut NNS 35419 4598 52 ; ; : 35419 4598 53 cellulose cellulose VB 35419 4598 54 for for IN 35419 4598 55 collars collar NNS 35419 4598 56 , , , 35419 4598 57 combs comb NNS 35419 4598 58 and and CC 35419 4598 59 car car NN 35419 4598 60 wheels wheel NNS 35419 4598 61 ; ; : 35419 4598 62 balsam balsam NN 35419 4598 63 , , , 35419 4598 64 medicines medicine NNS 35419 4598 65 ; ; : 35419 4598 66 lampblack lampblack NN 35419 4598 67 ; ; : 35419 4598 68 dyes dye NNS 35419 4598 69 ; ; : 35419 4598 70 paper paper NN 35419 4598 71 fiber fiber NN 35419 4598 72 ( ( -LRB- 35419 4598 73 xylolin xylolin NNP 35419 4598 74 ) ) -RRB- 35419 4598 75 for for IN 35419 4598 76 textiles textile NNS 35419 4598 77 ; ; : 35419 4598 78 shellac shellac NNP 35419 4598 79 and and CC 35419 4598 80 varnish varnish NNP 35419 4598 81 ( ( -LRB- 35419 4598 82 $ $ $ 35419 4598 83 8,500,000 8,500,000 CD 35419 4598 84 worth worth NN 35419 4598 85 imported import VBN 35419 4598 86 in in IN 35419 4598 87 1907 1907 CD 35419 4598 88 ) ) -RRB- 35419 4598 89 ; ; : 35419 4598 90 vinegar vinegar NN 35419 4598 91 and and CC 35419 4598 92 acetic acetic JJ 35419 4598 93 acid acid NN 35419 4598 94 ; ; : 35419 4598 95 confections confection NNS 35419 4598 96 ( ( -LRB- 35419 4598 97 including include VBG 35419 4598 98 maple maple NNP 35419 4598 99 sugar sugar NN 35419 4598 100 and and CC 35419 4598 101 syrup syrup NN 35419 4598 102 at at IN 35419 4598 103 $ $ $ 35419 4598 104 2,500,000 2,500,000 CD 35419 4598 105 a a DT 35419 4598 106 year year NN 35419 4598 107 ) ) -RRB- 35419 4598 108 . . . 35419 4599 1 ( ( -LRB- 35419 4599 2 3 3 LS 35419 4599 3 ) ) -RRB- 35419 4599 4 The the DT 35419 4599 5 _ _ NNP 35419 4599 6 Esthetic Esthetic NNP 35419 4599 7 _ _ NNP 35419 4599 8 and and CC 35419 4599 9 sentimental sentimental JJ 35419 4599 10 uses use NNS 35419 4599 11 of of IN 35419 4599 12 the the DT 35419 4599 13 forest forest NN 35419 4599 14 , , , 35419 4599 15 tho tho NN 35419 4599 16 not not RB 35419 4599 17 to to TO 35419 4599 18 be be VB 35419 4599 19 estimated estimate VBN 35419 4599 20 in in IN 35419 4599 21 dollars dollar NNS 35419 4599 22 and and CC 35419 4599 23 cents cent NNS 35419 4599 24 , , , 35419 4599 25 are be VBP 35419 4599 26 nevertheless nevertheless RB 35419 4599 27 of of IN 35419 4599 28 incalculable incalculable JJ 35419 4599 29 benefit benefit NN 35419 4599 30 to to IN 35419 4599 31 the the DT 35419 4599 32 community community NN 35419 4599 33 . . . 35419 4600 1 They -PRON- PRP 35419 4600 2 would would MD 35419 4600 3 include include VB 35419 4600 4 the the DT 35419 4600 5 use use NN 35419 4600 6 of of IN 35419 4600 7 the the DT 35419 4600 8 forest forest NN 35419 4600 9 as as IN 35419 4600 10 pleasure pleasure NN 35419 4600 11 grounds ground NNS 35419 4600 12 , , , 35419 4600 13 for for IN 35419 4600 14 hunting hunting NN 35419 4600 15 , , , 35419 4600 16 fishing fishing NN 35419 4600 17 , , , 35419 4600 18 camping camping NN 35419 4600 19 , , , 35419 4600 20 photography photography NN 35419 4600 21 , , , 35419 4600 22 and and CC 35419 4600 23 general general JJ 35419 4600 24 sightseeing sightseeing NN 35419 4600 25 . . . 35419 4601 1 Notable notable JJ 35419 4601 2 instances instance NNS 35419 4601 3 of of IN 35419 4601 4 the the DT 35419 4601 5 growing grow VBG 35419 4601 6 appreciation appreciation NN 35419 4601 7 of of IN 35419 4601 8 these these DT 35419 4601 9 uses use NNS 35419 4601 10 of of IN 35419 4601 11 the the DT 35419 4601 12 forest forest NN 35419 4601 13 are be VBP 35419 4601 14 the the DT 35419 4601 15 reservation reservation NN 35419 4601 16 of of IN 35419 4601 17 the the DT 35419 4601 18 Yellowstone Yellowstone NNP 35419 4601 19 and and CC 35419 4601 20 Yosemite Yosemite NNP 35419 4601 21 Parks Parks NNP 35419 4601 22 as as IN 35419 4601 23 pleasure pleasure NN 35419 4601 24 grounds ground NNS 35419 4601 25 . . . 35419 4602 1 PRESERVATION PRESERVATION NNP 35419 4602 2 . . . 35419 4603 1 The the DT 35419 4603 2 second second JJ 35419 4603 3 object object NN 35419 4603 4 of of IN 35419 4603 5 forestry forestry NN 35419 4603 6 is be VBZ 35419 4603 7 the the DT 35419 4603 8 preservation preservation NN 35419 4603 9 of of IN 35419 4603 10 the the DT 35419 4603 11 forest forest NN 35419 4603 12 , , , 35419 4603 13 or or CC 35419 4603 14 continued continue VBN 35419 4603 15 reproduction reproduction NN 35419 4603 16 . . . 35419 4604 1 In in IN 35419 4604 2 addition addition NN 35419 4604 3 to to IN 35419 4604 4 obtaining obtain VBG 35419 4604 5 crops crop NNS 35419 4604 6 of of IN 35419 4604 7 trees tree NNS 35419 4604 8 , , , 35419 4604 9 the the DT 35419 4604 10 forester forester NN 35419 4604 11 plans plan VBZ 35419 4604 12 to to TO 35419 4604 13 keep keep VB 35419 4604 14 the the DT 35419 4604 15 forest forest NN 35419 4604 16 in in IN 35419 4604 17 such such JJ 35419 4604 18 condition condition NN 35419 4604 19 that that IN 35419 4604 20 it -PRON- PRP 35419 4604 21 will will MD 35419 4604 22 constantly constantly RB 35419 4604 23 reproduce reproduce VB 35419 4604 24 itself -PRON- PRP 35419 4604 25 and and CC 35419 4604 26 never never RB 35419 4604 27 become become VB 35419 4604 28 exhausted exhausted JJ 35419 4604 29 . . . 35419 4605 1 This this DT 35419 4605 2 does do VBZ 35419 4605 3 not not RB 35419 4605 4 mean mean VB 35419 4605 5 that that IN 35419 4605 6 no no DT 35419 4605 7 forests forest NNS 35419 4605 8 are be VBP 35419 4605 9 to to TO 35419 4605 10 be be VB 35419 4605 11 cut cut VBN 35419 4605 12 down down RP 35419 4605 13 , , , 35419 4605 14 or or CC 35419 4605 15 that that IN 35419 4605 16 a a DT 35419 4605 17 given give VBN 35419 4605 18 area area NN 35419 4605 19 , , , 35419 4605 20 once once RB 35419 4605 21 a a DT 35419 4605 22 forest forest NN 35419 4605 23 , , , 35419 4605 24 is be VBZ 35419 4605 25 to to TO 35419 4605 26 be be VB 35419 4605 27 always always RB 35419 4605 28 a a DT 35419 4605 29 forest forest NN 35419 4605 30 . . . 35419 4606 1 Just just RB 35419 4606 2 as as IN 35419 4606 3 the the DT 35419 4606 4 individual individual JJ 35419 4606 5 farmer farmer NN 35419 4606 6 needs need VBZ 35419 4606 7 some some DT 35419 4606 8 land land NN 35419 4606 9 for for IN 35419 4606 10 fields field NNS 35419 4606 11 , , , 35419 4606 12 some some DT 35419 4606 13 for for IN 35419 4606 14 pasture pasture NN 35419 4606 15 , , , 35419 4606 16 and and CC 35419 4606 17 some some DT 35419 4606 18 for for IN 35419 4606 19 woodlots woodlot NNS 35419 4606 20 , , , 35419 4606 21 so so IN 35419 4606 22 the the DT 35419 4606 23 nation nation NN 35419 4606 24 needs need VBZ 35419 4606 25 some some DT 35419 4606 26 for for IN 35419 4606 27 cities city NNS 35419 4606 28 , , , 35419 4606 29 some some DT 35419 4606 30 for for IN 35419 4606 31 farms farm NNS 35419 4606 32 , , , 35419 4606 33 some some DT 35419 4606 34 for for IN 35419 4606 35 pleasure pleasure NN 35419 4606 36 grounds ground NNS 35419 4606 37 , , , 35419 4606 38 and and CC 35419 4606 39 some some DT 35419 4606 40 for for IN 35419 4606 41 forests forest NNS 35419 4606 42 . . . 35419 4607 1 But but CC 35419 4607 2 it -PRON- PRP 35419 4607 3 does do VBZ 35419 4607 4 mean mean VB 35419 4607 5 that that IN 35419 4607 6 fruitful fruitful JJ 35419 4607 7 forests forest NNS 35419 4607 8 shall shall MD 35419 4607 9 not not RB 35419 4607 10 be be VB 35419 4607 11 turned turn VBN 35419 4607 12 into into IN 35419 4607 13 wildernesses wilderness NNS 35419 4607 14 as as IN 35419 4607 15 thousands thousand NNS 35419 4607 16 of of IN 35419 4607 17 square square JJ 35419 4607 18 miles mile NNS 35419 4607 19 now now RB 35419 4607 20 are be VBP 35419 4607 21 , , , 35419 4607 22 by by IN 35419 4607 23 the the DT 35419 4607 24 methods method NNS 35419 4607 25 of of IN 35419 4607 26 destructive destructive JJ 35419 4607 27 lumbering lumbering NN 35419 4607 28 . . . 35419 4608 1 In in IN 35419 4608 2 general general JJ 35419 4608 3 , , , 35419 4608 4 better well JJR 35419 4608 5 land land NN 35419 4608 6 is be VBZ 35419 4608 7 necessary necessary JJ 35419 4608 8 for for IN 35419 4608 9 agriculture agriculture NN 35419 4608 10 than than IN 35419 4608 11 for for IN 35419 4608 12 forestry forestry NN 35419 4608 13 , , , 35419 4608 14 and and CC 35419 4608 15 it -PRON- PRP 35419 4608 16 is be VBZ 35419 4608 17 therefore therefore RB 35419 4608 18 only only RB 35419 4608 19 the the DT 35419 4608 20 part part NN 35419 4608 21 of of IN 35419 4608 22 wisdom wisdom NN 35419 4608 23 to to TO 35419 4608 24 use use VB 35419 4608 25 the the DT 35419 4608 26 better well JJR 35419 4608 27 land land NN 35419 4608 28 for for IN 35419 4608 29 fields field NNS 35419 4608 30 and and CC 35419 4608 31 reserve reserve VBP 35419 4608 32 the the DT 35419 4608 33 poorer poor JJR 35419 4608 34 land land NN 35419 4608 35 for for IN 35419 4608 36 forests forest NNS 35419 4608 37 . . . 35419 4609 1 There there EX 35419 4609 2 are be VBP 35419 4609 3 in in IN 35419 4609 4 the the DT 35419 4609 5 United United NNP 35419 4609 6 States States NNP 35419 4609 7 enormous enormous JJ 35419 4609 8 regions region NNS 35419 4609 9 that that WDT 35419 4609 10 are be VBP 35419 4609 11 fit fit JJ 35419 4609 12 for for IN 35419 4609 13 nothing nothing NN 35419 4609 14 but but IN 35419 4609 15 forests forest NNS 35419 4609 16 , , , 35419 4609 17 but but CC 35419 4609 18 many many JJ 35419 4609 19 of of IN 35419 4609 20 these these DT 35419 4609 21 , , , 35419 4609 22 as as IN 35419 4609 23 in in IN 35419 4609 24 Wisconsin Wisconsin NNP 35419 4609 25 , , , 35419 4609 26 Minnesota Minnesota NNP 35419 4609 27 , , , 35419 4609 28 and and CC 35419 4609 29 Michigan Michigan NNP 35419 4609 30 , , , 35419 4609 31 have have VBP 35419 4609 32 simply simply RB 35419 4609 33 been be VBN 35419 4609 34 denuded denude VBN 35419 4609 35 of of IN 35419 4609 36 their -PRON- PRP$ 35419 4609 37 trees tree NNS 35419 4609 38 and and CC 35419 4609 39 no no DT 35419 4609 40 provision provision NN 35419 4609 41 has have VBZ 35419 4609 42 been be VBN 35419 4609 43 made make VBN 35419 4609 44 for for IN 35419 4609 45 their -PRON- PRP$ 35419 4609 46 reproduction reproduction NN 35419 4609 47 . . . 35419 4610 1 This this DT 35419 4610 2 then then RB 35419 4610 3 is be VBZ 35419 4610 4 the the DT 35419 4610 5 second second JJ 35419 4610 6 aim aim NN 35419 4610 7 of of IN 35419 4610 8 forestry,--to forestry,--to NNP 35419 4610 9 treat treat VBP 35419 4610 10 the the DT 35419 4610 11 forest forest NN 35419 4610 12 so so IN 35419 4610 13 that that IN 35419 4610 14 it -PRON- PRP 35419 4610 15 will will MD 35419 4610 16 continue continue VB 35419 4610 17 to to TO 35419 4610 18 reproduce reproduce VB 35419 4610 19 itself -PRON- PRP 35419 4610 20 . . . 35419 4611 1 In in IN 35419 4611 2 order order NN 35419 4611 3 to to TO 35419 4611 4 obtain obtain VB 35419 4611 5 this this DT 35419 4611 6 result result NN 35419 4611 7 , , , 35419 4611 8 certain certain JJ 35419 4611 9 forest forest NN 35419 4611 10 conditions condition NNS 35419 4611 11 have have VBP 35419 4611 12 to to TO 35419 4611 13 be be VB 35419 4611 14 preserved preserve VBN 35419 4611 15 . . . 35419 4612 1 What what WP 35419 4612 2 these these DT 35419 4612 3 conditions condition NNS 35419 4612 4 are be VBP 35419 4612 5 , , , 35419 4612 6 we -PRON- PRP 35419 4612 7 have have VBP 35419 4612 8 already already RB 35419 4612 9 noticed notice VBN 35419 4612 10 ( ( -LRB- 35419 4612 11 see see VB 35419 4612 12 Chap Chap NNP 35419 4612 13 . . . 35419 4613 1 V V NNP 35419 4613 2 , , , 35419 4613 3 The the DT 35419 4613 4 Forest Forest NNP 35419 4613 5 Organism Organism NNP 35419 4613 6 ) ) -RRB- 35419 4613 7 . . . 35419 4614 1 They -PRON- PRP 35419 4614 2 are be VBP 35419 4614 3 partly partly RB 35419 4614 4 topographical topographical JJ 35419 4614 5 and and CC 35419 4614 6 climatic climatic JJ 35419 4614 7 and and CC 35419 4614 8 partly partly RB 35419 4614 9 historical historical JJ 35419 4614 10 . . . 35419 4615 1 They -PRON- PRP 35419 4615 2 include include VBP 35419 4615 3 such such JJ 35419 4615 4 factors factor NNS 35419 4615 5 as as IN 35419 4615 6 , , , 35419 4615 7 soil soil NN 35419 4615 8 , , , 35419 4615 9 moisture moisture NN 35419 4615 10 , , , 35419 4615 11 temperature temperature NN 35419 4615 12 , , , 35419 4615 13 and and CC 35419 4615 14 light light NN 35419 4615 15 , , , 35419 4615 16 the the DT 35419 4615 17 forest forest NN 35419 4615 18 cover cover NN 35419 4615 19 , , , 35419 4615 20 the the DT 35419 4615 21 forest forest NN 35419 4615 22 floor floor NN 35419 4615 23 , , , 35419 4615 24 the the DT 35419 4615 25 density density NN 35419 4615 26 and and CC 35419 4615 27 mixture mixture NN 35419 4615 28 of of IN 35419 4615 29 growth growth NN 35419 4615 30 , , , 35419 4615 31 all all DT 35419 4615 32 conditions condition NNS 35419 4615 33 of of IN 35419 4615 34 forest forest NN 35419 4615 35 growth growth NN 35419 4615 36 . . . 35419 4616 1 It -PRON- PRP 35419 4616 2 is be VBZ 35419 4616 3 only only RB 35419 4616 4 as as IN 35419 4616 5 the the DT 35419 4616 6 forester forester NN 35419 4616 7 preserves preserve VBZ 35419 4616 8 these these DT 35419 4616 9 conditions condition NNS 35419 4616 10 , , , 35419 4616 11 or or CC 35419 4616 12 to to TO 35419 4616 13 put put VB 35419 4616 14 it -PRON- PRP 35419 4616 15 otherwise otherwise RB 35419 4616 16 , , , 35419 4616 17 it -PRON- PRP 35419 4616 18 is be VBZ 35419 4616 19 only only RB 35419 4616 20 as as IN 35419 4616 21 he -PRON- PRP 35419 4616 22 obeys obey VBZ 35419 4616 23 the the DT 35419 4616 24 laws law NNS 35419 4616 25 of of IN 35419 4616 26 the the DT 35419 4616 27 forest forest NN 35419 4616 28 organism organism NN 35419 4616 29 that that IN 35419 4616 30 he -PRON- PRP 35419 4616 31 can can MD 35419 4616 32 preserve preserve VB 35419 4616 33 the the DT 35419 4616 34 forest forest NN 35419 4616 35 . . . 35419 4617 1 For for IN 35419 4617 2 a a DT 35419 4617 3 long long JJ 35419 4617 4 period period NN 35419 4617 5 of of IN 35419 4617 6 our -PRON- PRP$ 35419 4617 7 national national JJ 35419 4617 8 history history NN 35419 4617 9 , , , 35419 4617 10 we -PRON- PRP 35419 4617 11 Americans Americans NNPS 35419 4617 12 were be VBD 35419 4617 13 compelled compel VBN 35419 4617 14 to to TO 35419 4617 15 conform conform VB 35419 4617 16 our -PRON- PRP$ 35419 4617 17 life life NN 35419 4617 18 and and CC 35419 4617 19 institutions institution NNS 35419 4617 20 to to IN 35419 4617 21 the the DT 35419 4617 22 presence presence NN 35419 4617 23 of of IN 35419 4617 24 the the DT 35419 4617 25 primeval primeval NN 35419 4617 26 forest forest NN 35419 4617 27 , , , 35419 4617 28 but but CC 35419 4617 29 by by IN 35419 4617 30 long long JJ 35419 4617 31 observation observation NN 35419 4617 32 of of IN 35419 4617 33 what what WP 35419 4617 34 happens happen VBZ 35419 4617 35 naturally naturally RB 35419 4617 36 in in IN 35419 4617 37 the the DT 35419 4617 38 forest forest NN 35419 4617 39 , , , 35419 4617 40 there there EX 35419 4617 41 have have VBP 35419 4617 42 been be VBN 35419 4617 43 developed develop VBN 35419 4617 44 in in IN 35419 4617 45 Europe Europe NNP 35419 4617 46 and and CC 35419 4617 47 in in IN 35419 4617 48 America America NNP 35419 4617 49 certain certain JJ 35419 4617 50 ways way NNS 35419 4617 51 of of IN 35419 4617 52 handling handle VBG 35419 4617 53 it -PRON- PRP 35419 4617 54 so so IN 35419 4617 55 as as IN 35419 4617 56 to to TO 35419 4617 57 make make VB 35419 4617 58 it -PRON- PRP 35419 4617 59 our -PRON- PRP$ 35419 4617 60 servant servant NN 35419 4617 61 and and CC 35419 4617 62 not not RB 35419 4617 63 our -PRON- PRP$ 35419 4617 64 master master NN 35419 4617 65 . . . 35419 4618 1 These these DT 35419 4618 2 ways way NNS 35419 4618 3 are be VBP 35419 4618 4 called call VBN 35419 4618 5 silvicultural silvicultural CD 35419 4618 6 systems system NNS 35419 4618 7 . . . 35419 4619 1 They -PRON- PRP 35419 4619 2 are be VBP 35419 4619 3 all all RB 35419 4619 4 based base VBN 35419 4619 5 on on IN 35419 4619 6 the the DT 35419 4619 7 nature nature NN 35419 4619 8 of of IN 35419 4619 9 the the DT 35419 4619 10 forest forest NN 35419 4619 11 itself -PRON- PRP 35419 4619 12 , , , 35419 4619 13 and and CC 35419 4619 14 they -PRON- PRP 35419 4619 15 succeed succeed VBP 35419 4619 16 only only RB 35419 4619 17 because because IN 35419 4619 18 they -PRON- PRP 35419 4619 19 are be VBP 35419 4619 20 modifications modification NNS 35419 4619 21 of of IN 35419 4619 22 what what WP 35419 4619 23 takes take VBZ 35419 4619 24 place place NN 35419 4619 25 naturally naturally RB 35419 4619 26 in in IN 35419 4619 27 the the DT 35419 4619 28 woods wood NNS 35419 4619 29 . . . 35419 4620 1 As as IN 35419 4620 2 we -PRON- PRP 35419 4620 3 have have VBP 35419 4620 4 seen see VBN 35419 4620 5 above above IN 35419 4620 6 ( ( -LRB- 35419 4620 7 p. p. NN 35419 4620 8 220 220 CD 35419 4620 9 ) ) -RRB- 35419 4620 10 trees tree NNS 35419 4620 11 reproduce reproduce VBP 35419 4620 12 themselves -PRON- PRP 35419 4620 13 either either CC 35419 4620 14 by by IN 35419 4620 15 sprouts sprout NNS 35419 4620 16 or or CC 35419 4620 17 by by IN 35419 4620 18 seeds seed NNS 35419 4620 19 . . . 35419 4621 1 This this DT 35419 4621 2 fact fact NN 35419 4621 3 gives give VBZ 35419 4621 4 rise rise NN 35419 4621 5 to to IN 35419 4621 6 two two CD 35419 4621 7 general general JJ 35419 4621 8 methods method NNS 35419 4621 9 of of IN 35419 4621 10 reproduction reproduction NN 35419 4621 11 , , , 35419 4621 12 called call VBD 35419 4621 13 the the DT 35419 4621 14 coppice coppice NN 35419 4621 15 systems system NNS 35419 4621 16 and and CC 35419 4621 17 the the DT 35419 4621 18 seed seed NN 35419 4621 19 systems system NNS 35419 4621 20 . . . 35419 4622 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 4622 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 4622 3 : : : 35419 4622 4 Fig Fig NNP 35419 4622 5 . . . 35419 4623 1 123 123 CD 35419 4623 2 . . . 35419 4624 1 Chestnut Chestnut NNP 35419 4624 2 Coppice Coppice NNP 35419 4624 3 . . . 35419 4625 1 _ _ NNP 35419 4625 2 U. U. NNP 35419 4626 1 S. S. NNP 35419 4626 2 Forest Forest NNP 35419 4626 3 Service Service NNP 35419 4626 4 . . . 35419 4626 5 _ _ NNP 35419 4626 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 4626 7 _ _ NNP 35419 4626 8 Coppice Coppice NNP 35419 4626 9 _ _ NNP 35419 4626 10 , , , 35419 4626 11 Fig Fig NNP 35419 4626 12 . . . 35419 4627 1 123 123 CD 35419 4627 2 . . . 35419 4628 1 In in IN 35419 4628 2 the the DT 35419 4628 3 simpler simple JJR 35419 4628 4 form form NN 35419 4628 5 of of IN 35419 4628 6 this this DT 35419 4628 7 system system NN 35419 4628 8 , , , 35419 4628 9 the the DT 35419 4628 10 forest forest NN 35419 4628 11 is be VBZ 35419 4628 12 divided divide VBN 35419 4628 13 into into IN 35419 4628 14 a a DT 35419 4628 15 certain certain JJ 35419 4628 16 number number NN 35419 4628 17 of of IN 35419 4628 18 parts part NNS 35419 4628 19 , , , 35419 4628 20 say say VBP 35419 4628 21 thirty thirty CD 35419 4628 22 , , , 35419 4628 23 and and CC 35419 4628 24 one one CD 35419 4628 25 part part NN 35419 4628 26 is be VBZ 35419 4628 27 cut cut VBN 35419 4628 28 down down RP 35419 4628 29 each each DT 35419 4628 30 year year NN 35419 4628 31 . . . 35419 4629 1 New new JJ 35419 4629 2 sprouts sprout NNS 35419 4629 3 at at RB 35419 4629 4 once once RB 35419 4629 5 start start VB 35419 4629 6 up up RP 35419 4629 7 , , , 35419 4629 8 which which WDT 35419 4629 9 will will MD 35419 4629 10 mature mature VB 35419 4629 11 a a DT 35419 4629 12 year year NN 35419 4629 13 later later RB 35419 4629 14 than than IN 35419 4629 15 those those DT 35419 4629 16 in in IN 35419 4629 17 the the DT 35419 4629 18 part part NN 35419 4629 19 cut cut VBD 35419 4629 20 the the DT 35419 4629 21 previous previous JJ 35419 4629 22 year year NN 35419 4629 23 . . . 35419 4630 1 Where where WRB 35419 4630 2 the the DT 35419 4630 3 trees tree NNS 35419 4630 4 of of IN 35419 4630 5 each each DT 35419 4630 6 part part NN 35419 4630 7 are be VBP 35419 4630 8 thirty thirty CD 35419 4630 9 years year NNS 35419 4630 10 old old JJ 35419 4630 11 at at IN 35419 4630 12 cutting cut VBG 35419 4630 13 , , , 35419 4630 14 thirty thirty CD 35419 4630 15 years year NNS 35419 4630 16 is be VBZ 35419 4630 17 called call VBN 35419 4630 18 the the DT 35419 4630 19 " " `` 35419 4630 20 rotation rotation NN 35419 4630 21 period period NN 35419 4630 22 . . . 35419 4630 23 " " '' 35419 4631 1 The the DT 35419 4631 2 coppice coppice NN 35419 4631 3 is be VBZ 35419 4631 4 said say VBN 35419 4631 5 to to TO 35419 4631 6 be be VB 35419 4631 7 managed manage VBN 35419 4631 8 on on IN 35419 4631 9 a a DT 35419 4631 10 thirty thirty CD 35419 4631 11 - - HYPH 35419 4631 12 year year NN 35419 4631 13 rotation rotation NN 35419 4631 14 . . . 35419 4632 1 The the DT 35419 4632 2 system system NN 35419 4632 3 is be VBZ 35419 4632 4 widely widely RB 35419 4632 5 used use VBN 35419 4632 6 in in IN 35419 4632 7 eastern eastern JJ 35419 4632 8 United United NNP 35419 4632 9 States States NNP 35419 4632 10 , , , 35419 4632 11 for for IN 35419 4632 12 fuel fuel NN 35419 4632 13 , , , 35419 4632 14 posts post NNS 35419 4632 15 , , , 35419 4632 16 charcoal charcoal NN 35419 4632 17 , , , 35419 4632 18 railway railway NN 35419 4632 19 ties tie NNS 35419 4632 20 , , , 35419 4632 21 and and CC 35419 4632 22 other other JJ 35419 4632 23 small small JJ 35419 4632 24 stuff stuff NN 35419 4632 25 , , , 35419 4632 26 as as RB 35419 4632 27 well well RB 35419 4632 28 as as IN 35419 4632 29 for for IN 35419 4632 30 tan tan NN 35419 4632 31 - - HYPH 35419 4632 32 bark bark NN 35419 4632 33 . . . 35419 4633 1 This this DT 35419 4633 2 system system NN 35419 4633 3 is be VBZ 35419 4633 4 modified modify VBN 35419 4633 5 by by IN 35419 4633 6 maintaining maintain VBG 35419 4633 7 an an DT 35419 4633 8 overwood overwood NN 35419 4633 9 composed compose VBN 35419 4633 10 of of IN 35419 4633 11 seedling seedle VBG 35419 4633 12 trees tree NNS 35419 4633 13 or or CC 35419 4633 14 selected select VBN 35419 4633 15 sprouts sprout NNS 35419 4633 16 above above IN 35419 4633 17 a a DT 35419 4633 18 stand stand NN 35419 4633 19 of of IN 35419 4633 20 sprouts sprout NNS 35419 4633 21 . . . 35419 4634 1 This this DT 35419 4634 2 is be VBZ 35419 4634 3 called call VBN 35419 4634 4 the the DT 35419 4634 5 Reserve Reserve NNP 35419 4634 6 Sprout Sprout NNP 35419 4634 7 method method NN 35419 4634 8 and and CC 35419 4634 9 is be VBZ 35419 4634 10 used use VBN 35419 4634 11 with with IN 35419 4634 12 admirable admirable JJ 35419 4634 13 results result NNS 35419 4634 14 by by IN 35419 4634 15 the the DT 35419 4634 16 French French NNP 35419 4634 17 . . . 35419 4635 1 _ _ NNP 35419 4635 2 Seed Seed NNP 35419 4635 3 Forests Forests NNPS 35419 4635 4 . . . 35419 4635 5 _ _ NNP 35419 4635 6 In in IN 35419 4635 7 contrast contrast NN 35419 4635 8 with with IN 35419 4635 9 coppice coppice NN 35419 4635 10 forests forest NNS 35419 4635 11 , , , 35419 4635 12 those those DT 35419 4635 13 raised raise VBN 35419 4635 14 from from IN 35419 4635 15 seeds seed NNS 35419 4635 16 produce produce VBP 35419 4635 17 the the DT 35419 4635 18 best good JJS 35419 4635 19 class class NN 35419 4635 20 of of IN 35419 4635 21 timber timber NN 35419 4635 22 , , , 35419 4635 23 such such JJ 35419 4635 24 as as IN 35419 4635 25 is be VBZ 35419 4635 26 used use VBN 35419 4635 27 for for IN 35419 4635 28 saw saw NN 35419 4635 29 logs logs NNP 35419 4635 30 . . . 35419 4636 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 4636 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 4636 3 : : : 35419 4636 4 Fig Fig NNP 35419 4636 5 . . . 35419 4637 1 124 124 CD 35419 4637 2 . . . 35419 4638 1 Seeding seed VBG 35419 4638 2 from from IN 35419 4638 3 the the DT 35419 4638 4 Side side NN 35419 4638 5 . . . 35419 4639 1 White White NNP 35419 4639 2 Pine Pine NNP 35419 4639 3 . . . 35419 4640 1 New New NNP 35419 4640 2 Hampshire Hampshire NNP 35419 4640 3 . . . 35419 4641 1 _ _ NNP 35419 4641 2 U. U. NNP 35419 4642 1 S. S. NNP 35419 4642 2 Forest Forest NNP 35419 4642 3 Service Service NNP 35419 4642 4 . . . 35419 4642 5 _ _ NNP 35419 4642 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 4642 7 _ _ NNP 35419 4642 8 Seeding Seeding NNP 35419 4642 9 from from IN 35419 4642 10 the the DT 35419 4642 11 side side NN 35419 4642 12 _ _ NNP 35419 4642 13 , , , 35419 4642 14 Fig Fig NNP 35419 4642 15 . . . 35419 4643 1 124 124 CD 35419 4643 2 . . . 35419 4644 1 Many many JJ 35419 4644 2 forests forest NNS 35419 4644 3 naturally naturally RB 35419 4644 4 spread spread VBP 35419 4644 5 at at IN 35419 4644 6 their -PRON- PRP$ 35419 4644 7 borders border NNS 35419 4644 8 from from IN 35419 4644 9 the the DT 35419 4644 10 scattering scattering NN 35419 4644 11 of of IN 35419 4644 12 their -PRON- PRP$ 35419 4644 13 seeds seed NNS 35419 4644 14 . . . 35419 4645 1 " " `` 35419 4645 2 Old old JJ 35419 4645 3 field field NN 35419 4645 4 pine pine NN 35419 4645 5 " " '' 35419 4645 6 is be VBZ 35419 4645 7 so so RB 35419 4645 8 called call VBN 35419 4645 9 from from IN 35419 4645 10 its -PRON- PRP$ 35419 4645 11 tendency tendency NN 35419 4645 12 to to TO 35419 4645 13 spread spread VB 35419 4645 14 in in IN 35419 4645 15 this this DT 35419 4645 16 way way NN 35419 4645 17 on on IN 35419 4645 18 old old JJ 35419 4645 19 fields field NNS 35419 4645 20 . . . 35419 4646 1 This this DT 35419 4646 2 natural natural JJ 35419 4646 3 " " `` 35419 4646 4 Seeding seed VBG 35419 4646 5 from from IN 35419 4646 6 the the DT 35419 4646 7 Side side NN 35419 4646 8 " " `` 35419 4646 9 has have VBZ 35419 4646 10 given give VBN 35419 4646 11 rise rise NN 35419 4646 12 to to IN 35419 4646 13 the the DT 35419 4646 14 " " `` 35419 4646 15 Group Group NNP 35419 4646 16 System System NNP 35419 4646 17 , , , 35419 4646 18 " " '' 35419 4646 19 in in IN 35419 4646 20 which which WDT 35419 4646 21 an an DT 35419 4646 22 area area NN 35419 4646 23 of of IN 35419 4646 24 ripe ripe JJ 35419 4646 25 trees tree NNS 35419 4646 26 is be VBZ 35419 4646 27 cut cut VBN 35419 4646 28 off off RP 35419 4646 29 and and CC 35419 4646 30 the the DT 35419 4646 31 trees tree NNS 35419 4646 32 alongside alongside RB 35419 4646 33 are be VBP 35419 4646 34 depended depend VBN 35419 4646 35 upon upon IN 35419 4646 36 to to TO 35419 4646 37 reproduce reproduce VB 35419 4646 38 new new JJ 35419 4646 39 ones one NNS 35419 4646 40 on on IN 35419 4646 41 the the DT 35419 4646 42 cut cut VB 35419 4646 43 - - HYPH 35419 4646 44 over over RP 35419 4646 45 area area NN 35419 4646 46 . . . 35419 4647 1 The the DT 35419 4647 2 openings opening NNS 35419 4647 3 are be VBP 35419 4647 4 gradually gradually RB 35419 4647 5 enlarged enlarged JJ 35419 4647 6 until until IN 35419 4647 7 all all PDT 35419 4647 8 the the DT 35419 4647 9 old old JJ 35419 4647 10 timber timber NN 35419 4647 11 is be VBZ 35419 4647 12 cut cut VBN 35419 4647 13 out out RP 35419 4647 14 , , , 35419 4647 15 and and CC 35419 4647 16 the the DT 35419 4647 17 young young JJ 35419 4647 18 growth growth NN 35419 4647 19 has have VBZ 35419 4647 20 taken take VBN 35419 4647 21 its -PRON- PRP$ 35419 4647 22 place place NN 35419 4647 23 . . . 35419 4648 1 In in IN 35419 4648 2 its -PRON- PRP$ 35419 4648 3 best good JJS 35419 4648 4 form form NN 35419 4648 5 there there EX 35419 4648 6 is be VBZ 35419 4648 7 a a DT 35419 4648 8 definite definite JJ 35419 4648 9 " " `` 35419 4648 10 rotation rotation NN 35419 4648 11 period period NN 35419 4648 12 , , , 35419 4648 13 " " '' 35419 4648 14 say say VB 35419 4648 15 eighty eighty CD 35419 4648 16 years year NNS 35419 4648 17 . . . 35419 4649 1 This this DT 35419 4649 2 system system NN 35419 4649 3 is be VBZ 35419 4649 4 simple simple JJ 35419 4649 5 , , , 35419 4649 6 safe safe JJ 35419 4649 7 , , , 35419 4649 8 and and CC 35419 4649 9 very very RB 35419 4649 10 useful useful JJ 35419 4649 11 , , , 35419 4649 12 especially especially RB 35419 4649 13 for for IN 35419 4649 14 small small JJ 35419 4649 15 openings opening NNS 35419 4649 16 in in IN 35419 4649 17 woodlots woodlot NNS 35419 4649 18 . . . 35419 4650 1 A a DT 35419 4650 2 modification modification NN 35419 4650 3 of of IN 35419 4650 4 this this DT 35419 4650 5 is be VBZ 35419 4650 6 the the DT 35419 4650 7 " " `` 35419 4650 8 Strip Strip NNP 35419 4650 9 System System NNP 35419 4650 10 , , , 35419 4650 11 " " '' 35419 4650 12 in in IN 35419 4650 13 which which WDT 35419 4650 14 long long JJ 35419 4650 15 narrow narrow JJ 35419 4650 16 openings opening NNS 35419 4650 17 , , , 35419 4650 18 say say VBP 35419 4650 19 seventy seventy CD 35419 4650 20 - - HYPH 35419 4650 21 five five CD 35419 4650 22 yards yard NNS 35419 4650 23 wide wide JJ 35419 4650 24 , , , 35419 4650 25 are be VBP 35419 4650 26 cut cut VBN 35419 4650 27 out out RP 35419 4650 28 and and CC 35419 4650 29 gradually gradually RB 35419 4650 30 widened widen VBN 35419 4650 31 . . . 35419 4651 1 The the DT 35419 4651 2 strips strip NNS 35419 4651 3 are be VBP 35419 4651 4 cut cut VBN 35419 4651 5 in in IN 35419 4651 6 the the DT 35419 4651 7 proper proper JJ 35419 4651 8 direction direction NN 35419 4651 9 so so IN 35419 4651 10 that that IN 35419 4651 11 the the DT 35419 4651 12 prevailing prevail VBG 35419 4651 13 winds wind NNS 35419 4651 14 will will MD 35419 4651 15 cross cross VB 35419 4651 16 them -PRON- PRP 35419 4651 17 , , , 35419 4651 18 both both DT 35419 4651 19 for for IN 35419 4651 20 the the DT 35419 4651 21 sake sake NN 35419 4651 22 of of IN 35419 4651 23 avoiding avoid VBG 35419 4651 24 windfalls windfall NNS 35419 4651 25 and and CC 35419 4651 26 to to TO 35419 4651 27 help help VB 35419 4651 28 scatter scatter VB 35419 4651 29 the the DT 35419 4651 30 seed seed NN 35419 4651 31 . . . 35419 4652 1 Where where WRB 35419 4652 2 the the DT 35419 4652 3 soil soil NN 35419 4652 4 is be VBZ 35419 4652 5 very very RB 35419 4652 6 dry dry JJ 35419 4652 7 , , , 35419 4652 8 the the DT 35419 4652 9 strips strip NNS 35419 4652 10 may may MD 35419 4652 11 run run VB 35419 4652 12 east east RB 35419 4652 13 and and CC 35419 4652 14 west west NNP 35419 4652 15 to to TO 35419 4652 16 protect protect VB 35419 4652 17 the the DT 35419 4652 18 seedlings seedling NNS 35419 4652 19 from from IN 35419 4652 20 the the DT 35419 4652 21 sun sun NN 35419 4652 22 . . . 35419 4653 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 4653 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 4653 3 : : : 35419 4653 4 Fig Fig NNP 35419 4653 5 . . . 35419 4654 1 125 125 CD 35419 4654 2 . . . 35419 4655 1 Virgin Virgin NNP 35419 4655 2 Forest Forest NNP 35419 4655 3 , , , 35419 4655 4 Trees Trees NNP 35419 4655 5 of of IN 35419 4655 6 All all DT 35419 4655 7 Ages Ages NNPS 35419 4655 8 . . . 35419 4656 1 Jackson Jackson NNP 35419 4656 2 Co. Co. NNP 35419 4656 3 , , , 35419 4656 4 North North NNP 35419 4656 5 Carolina Carolina NNP 35419 4656 6 . . . 35419 4657 1 _ _ NNP 35419 4657 2 U.S. U.S. NNP 35419 4658 1 Forest Forest NNP 35419 4658 2 Service Service NNP 35419 4658 3 . . . 35419 4658 4 _ _ NNP 35419 4658 5 ] ] -RRB- 35419 4658 6 _ _ NNP 35419 4658 7 Selection Selection NNP 35419 4658 8 Forests Forests NNPS 35419 4658 9 . . . 35419 4658 10 _ _ NNP 35419 4658 11 The the DT 35419 4658 12 typical typical JJ 35419 4658 13 virgin virgin JJ 35419 4658 14 forest forest NN 35419 4658 15 , , , 35419 4658 16 Fig Fig NNP 35419 4658 17 . . . 35419 4659 1 125 125 CD 35419 4659 2 , , , 35419 4659 3 is be VBZ 35419 4659 4 one one CD 35419 4659 5 in in IN 35419 4659 6 which which WDT 35419 4659 7 trees tree NNS 35419 4659 8 of of IN 35419 4659 9 all all DT 35419 4659 10 ages age NNS 35419 4659 11 are be VBP 35419 4659 12 closely closely RB 35419 4659 13 intermingled intermingled JJ 35419 4659 14 , , , 35419 4659 15 and and CC 35419 4659 16 it -PRON- PRP 35419 4659 17 may may MD 35419 4659 18 be be VB 35419 4659 19 either either CC 35419 4659 20 " " `` 35419 4659 21 mixed mixed JJ 35419 4659 22 " " '' 35419 4659 23 or or CC 35419 4659 24 " " `` 35419 4659 25 pure pure JJ 35419 4659 26 . . . 35419 4659 27 " " '' 35419 4660 1 If if IN 35419 4660 2 a a DT 35419 4660 3 farmer farmer NN 35419 4660 4 had have VBD 35419 4660 5 a a DT 35419 4660 6 woodlot woodlot NN 35419 4660 7 of of IN 35419 4660 8 this this DT 35419 4660 9 character character NN 35419 4660 10 and and CC 35419 4660 11 every every DT 35419 4660 12 year year NN 35419 4660 13 went go VBD 35419 4660 14 over over IN 35419 4660 15 it -PRON- PRP 35419 4660 16 with with IN 35419 4660 17 the the DT 35419 4660 18 ax ax NN 35419 4660 19 , , , 35419 4660 20 cutting cut VBG 35419 4660 21 out out RP 35419 4660 22 such such JJ 35419 4660 23 trees tree NNS 35419 4660 24 as as IN 35419 4660 25 he -PRON- PRP 35419 4660 26 needed need VBD 35419 4660 27 for for IN 35419 4660 28 his -PRON- PRP$ 35419 4660 29 purpose purpose NN 35419 4660 30 , , , 35419 4660 31 and and CC 35419 4660 32 also also RB 35419 4660 33 trees tree VBZ 35419 4660 34 whose whose WP$ 35419 4660 35 removal removal NN 35419 4660 36 would would MD 35419 4660 37 improve improve VB 35419 4660 38 the the DT 35419 4660 39 woods wood NNS 35419 4660 40 , , , 35419 4660 41 but but CC 35419 4660 42 taking take VBG 35419 4660 43 care care NN 35419 4660 44 not not RB 35419 4660 45 to to TO 35419 4660 46 cut cut VB 35419 4660 47 out out RP 35419 4660 48 each each DT 35419 4660 49 year year NN 35419 4660 50 more more JJR 35419 4660 51 than than IN 35419 4660 52 the the DT 35419 4660 53 amount amount NN 35419 4660 54 of of IN 35419 4660 55 the the DT 35419 4660 56 average average JJ 35419 4660 57 growth growth NN 35419 4660 58 , , , 35419 4660 59 he -PRON- PRP 35419 4660 60 would would MD 35419 4660 61 be be VB 35419 4660 62 using use VBG 35419 4660 63 the the DT 35419 4660 64 " " `` 35419 4660 65 Selection Selection NNP 35419 4660 66 System System NNP 35419 4660 67 . . . 35419 4660 68 " " '' 35419 4661 1 This this DT 35419 4661 2 system system NN 35419 4661 3 is be VBZ 35419 4661 4 the the DT 35419 4661 5 best good JJS 35419 4661 6 way way NN 35419 4661 7 of of IN 35419 4661 8 keeping keep VBG 35419 4661 9 a a DT 35419 4661 10 forest forest NN 35419 4661 11 dense dense NN 35419 4661 12 and and CC 35419 4661 13 of of IN 35419 4661 14 preserving preserve VBG 35419 4661 15 one one CD 35419 4661 16 which which WDT 35419 4661 17 is be VBZ 35419 4661 18 difficult difficult JJ 35419 4661 19 to to TO 35419 4661 20 start start VB 35419 4661 21 afresh afresh JJ 35419 4661 22 , , , 35419 4661 23 as as IN 35419 4661 24 on on IN 35419 4661 25 a a DT 35419 4661 26 mountain mountain NN 35419 4661 27 slope slope NN 35419 4661 28 ; ; : 35419 4661 29 it -PRON- PRP 35419 4661 30 is be VBZ 35419 4661 31 practicable practicable JJ 35419 4661 32 where where WRB 35419 4661 33 the the DT 35419 4661 34 woods wood NNS 35419 4661 35 are be VBP 35419 4661 36 small small JJ 35419 4661 37 or or CC 35419 4661 38 under under IN 35419 4661 39 a a DT 35419 4661 40 high high JJ 35419 4661 41 state state NN 35419 4661 42 of of IN 35419 4661 43 care care NN 35419 4661 44 , , , 35419 4661 45 as as IN 35419 4661 46 in in IN 35419 4661 47 Europe Europe NNP 35419 4661 48 , , , 35419 4661 49 where where WRB 35419 4661 50 this this DT 35419 4661 51 system system NN 35419 4661 52 has have VBZ 35419 4661 53 been be VBN 35419 4661 54 in in IN 35419 4661 55 use use NN 35419 4661 56 for for IN 35419 4661 57 seven seven CD 35419 4661 58 centuries century NNS 35419 4661 59 . . . 35419 4662 1 But but CC 35419 4662 2 the the DT 35419 4662 3 cost cost NN 35419 4662 4 of of IN 35419 4662 5 road road NN 35419 4662 6 maintenance maintenance NN 35419 4662 7 and and CC 35419 4662 8 of of IN 35419 4662 9 logging logging NN 35419 4662 10 is be VBZ 35419 4662 11 high high JJ 35419 4662 12 and and CC 35419 4662 13 it -PRON- PRP 35419 4662 14 is be VBZ 35419 4662 15 therefore therefore RB 35419 4662 16 impracticable impracticable JJ 35419 4662 17 in in IN 35419 4662 18 most most JJS 35419 4662 19 lumber lumber NN 35419 4662 20 regions region NNS 35419 4662 21 in in IN 35419 4662 22 the the DT 35419 4662 23 United United NNP 35419 4662 24 States States NNP 35419 4662 25 , , , 35419 4662 26 except except IN 35419 4662 27 for for IN 35419 4662 28 woods wood NNS 35419 4662 29 of of IN 35419 4662 30 especial especial JJ 35419 4662 31 value value NN 35419 4662 32 , , , 35419 4662 33 like like IN 35419 4662 34 black black JJ 35419 4662 35 walnut walnut NNP 35419 4662 36 . . . 35419 4663 1 _ _ NNP 35419 4663 2 Localized Localized NNP 35419 4663 3 Selection Selection NNP 35419 4663 4 . . . 35419 4663 5 _ _ XX 35419 4663 6 If if IN 35419 4663 7 instead instead RB 35419 4663 8 of of IN 35419 4663 9 the the DT 35419 4663 10 whole whole JJ 35419 4663 11 forest forest NN 35419 4663 12 being be VBG 35419 4663 13 treated treat VBN 35419 4663 14 in in IN 35419 4663 15 this this DT 35419 4663 16 way way NN 35419 4663 17 every every DT 35419 4663 18 year year NN 35419 4663 19 , , , 35419 4663 20 it -PRON- PRP 35419 4663 21 were be VBD 35419 4663 22 divided divide VBN 35419 4663 23 up up RP 35419 4663 24 into into IN 35419 4663 25 perhaps perhaps RB 35419 4663 26 twenty twenty CD 35419 4663 27 parts part NNS 35419 4663 28 , , , 35419 4663 29 and and CC 35419 4663 30 from from IN 35419 4663 31 each each DT 35419 4663 32 part part NN 35419 4663 33 there there EX 35419 4663 34 were be VBD 35419 4663 35 taken take VBN 35419 4663 36 out out RP 35419 4663 37 each each DT 35419 4663 38 year year NN 35419 4663 39 as as IN 35419 4663 40 much much JJ 35419 4663 41 lumber lumber NN 35419 4663 42 as as IN 35419 4663 43 would would MD 35419 4663 44 equal equal VB 35419 4663 45 the the DT 35419 4663 46 annual annual JJ 35419 4663 47 growth growth NN 35419 4663 48 of of IN 35419 4663 49 the the DT 35419 4663 50 whole whole JJ 35419 4663 51 forest forest NN 35419 4663 52 , , , 35419 4663 53 such such PDT 35419 4663 54 a a DT 35419 4663 55 system system NN 35419 4663 56 would would MD 35419 4663 57 be be VB 35419 4663 58 called call VBN 35419 4663 59 " " `` 35419 4663 60 Localized Localized NNP 35419 4663 61 Selection Selection NNP 35419 4663 62 . . . 35419 4663 63 " " '' 35419 4664 1 The the DT 35419 4664 2 cost cost NN 35419 4664 3 of of IN 35419 4664 4 logging log VBG 35419 4664 5 would would MD 35419 4664 6 be be VB 35419 4664 7 greatly greatly RB 35419 4664 8 reduced reduce VBN 35419 4664 9 and and CC 35419 4664 10 if if IN 35419 4664 11 care care NN 35419 4664 12 were be VBD 35419 4664 13 taken take VBN 35419 4664 14 to to TO 35419 4664 15 leave leave VB 35419 4664 16 standing stand VBG 35419 4664 17 some some DT 35419 4664 18 seed seed NN 35419 4664 19 trees tree NNS 35419 4664 20 and and CC 35419 4664 21 to to TO 35419 4664 22 cut cut VB 35419 4664 23 no no DT 35419 4664 24 trees tree NNS 35419 4664 25 below below IN 35419 4664 26 a a DT 35419 4664 27 determined determine VBN 35419 4664 28 size size NN 35419 4664 29 , , , 35419 4664 30 as as IN 35419 4664 31 twelve twelve CD 35419 4664 32 inches inch NNS 35419 4664 33 , , , 35419 4664 34 the the DT 35419 4664 35 forest forest NN 35419 4664 36 would would MD 35419 4664 37 maintain maintain VB 35419 4664 38 itself -PRON- PRP 35419 4664 39 in in IN 35419 4664 40 good good JJ 35419 4664 41 condition condition NN 35419 4664 42 . . . 35419 4665 1 This this DT 35419 4665 2 system system NN 35419 4665 3 has have VBZ 35419 4665 4 been be VBN 35419 4665 5 applied apply VBN 35419 4665 6 with with IN 35419 4665 7 great great JJ 35419 4665 8 success success NN 35419 4665 9 in in IN 35419 4665 10 certain certain JJ 35419 4665 11 private private JJ 35419 4665 12 forests forest NNS 35419 4665 13 in in IN 35419 4665 14 the the DT 35419 4665 15 Adirondacks Adirondacks NNPS 35419 4665 16 . . . 35419 4666 1 _ _ NNP 35419 4666 2 Regular Regular NNP 35419 4666 3 Seed Seed NNP 35419 4666 4 Forest Forest NNP 35419 4666 5 or or CC 35419 4666 6 High High NNP 35419 4666 7 Forest Forest NNP 35419 4666 8 . . . 35419 4666 9 _ _ NNP 35419 4666 10 In in IN 35419 4666 11 the the DT 35419 4666 12 system system NN 35419 4666 13 already already RB 35419 4666 14 mentioned mention VBN 35419 4666 15 above above RB 35419 4666 16 of of IN 35419 4666 17 seeding seed VBG 35419 4666 18 from from IN 35419 4666 19 the the DT 35419 4666 20 side side NN 35419 4666 21 , , , 35419 4666 22 the the DT 35419 4666 23 trees tree NNS 35419 4666 24 near near IN 35419 4666 25 the the DT 35419 4666 26 cut cut NN 35419 4666 27 areas area NNS 35419 4666 28 are be VBP 35419 4666 29 depended depend VBN 35419 4666 30 upon upon IN 35419 4666 31 to to TO 35419 4666 32 seed seed VB 35419 4666 33 these these DT 35419 4666 34 areas area NNS 35419 4666 35 . . . 35419 4667 1 Moreover moreover RB 35419 4667 2 , , , 35419 4667 3 no no DT 35419 4667 4 especial especial JJ 35419 4667 5 pains pain NNS 35419 4667 6 are be VBP 35419 4667 7 taken take VBN 35419 4667 8 to to TO 35419 4667 9 preserve preserve VB 35419 4667 10 the the DT 35419 4667 11 forest forest NN 35419 4667 12 floor floor NN 35419 4667 13 and and CC 35419 4667 14 the the DT 35419 4667 15 forest forest NN 35419 4667 16 cover cover NN 35419 4667 17 . . . 35419 4668 1 But but CC 35419 4668 2 all all DT 35419 4668 3 trees tree NNS 35419 4668 4 do do VBP 35419 4668 5 not not RB 35419 4668 6 bear bear VB 35419 4668 7 seeds seed NNS 35419 4668 8 annually annually RB 35419 4668 9 , , , 35419 4668 10 nor nor CC 35419 4668 11 do do VBP 35419 4668 12 their -PRON- PRP$ 35419 4668 13 seedlings seedling NNS 35419 4668 14 thrive thrive VB 35419 4668 15 under under IN 35419 4668 16 such such JJ 35419 4668 17 conditions condition NNS 35419 4668 18 . . . 35419 4669 1 In in IN 35419 4669 2 other other JJ 35419 4669 3 words word NNS 35419 4669 4 , , , 35419 4669 5 in in IN 35419 4669 6 some some DT 35419 4669 7 forests forest NNS 35419 4669 8 especial especial JJ 35419 4669 9 pains pain NNS 35419 4669 10 must must MD 35419 4669 11 be be VB 35419 4669 12 taken take VBN 35419 4669 13 to to TO 35419 4669 14 secure secure VB 35419 4669 15 reproduction reproduction NN 35419 4669 16 , , , 35419 4669 17 and and CC 35419 4669 18 the the DT 35419 4669 19 forest forest NN 35419 4669 20 conditions condition NNS 35419 4669 21 must must MD 35419 4669 22 be be VB 35419 4669 23 maintained maintain VBN 35419 4669 24 with with IN 35419 4669 25 special special JJ 35419 4669 26 reference reference NN 35419 4669 27 to to IN 35419 4669 28 the the DT 35419 4669 29 growing grow VBG 35419 4669 30 crop crop NN 35419 4669 31 . . . 35419 4670 1 For for IN 35419 4670 2 this this DT 35419 4670 3 purpose purpose NN 35419 4670 4 , , , 35419 4670 5 the the DT 35419 4670 6 cuttings cutting NNS 35419 4670 7 take take VBP 35419 4670 8 place place NN 35419 4670 9 thru thru IN 35419 4670 10 a a DT 35419 4670 11 series series NN 35419 4670 12 of of IN 35419 4670 13 years year NNS 35419 4670 14 , , , 35419 4670 15 sometimes sometimes RB 35419 4670 16 lasting last VBG 35419 4670 17 even even RB 35419 4670 18 twenty twenty CD 35419 4670 19 years year NNS 35419 4670 20 . . . 35419 4671 1 These these DT 35419 4671 2 reproduction reproduction NN 35419 4671 3 cuttings cutting NNS 35419 4671 4 have have VBP 35419 4671 5 reference reference NN 35419 4671 6 , , , 35419 4671 7 now now RB 35419 4671 8 to to IN 35419 4671 9 a a DT 35419 4671 10 stimulus stimulus NN 35419 4671 11 to to IN 35419 4671 12 the the DT 35419 4671 13 seed seed NN 35419 4671 14 trees tree NNS 35419 4671 15 , , , 35419 4671 16 now now RB 35419 4671 17 to to IN 35419 4671 18 the the DT 35419 4671 19 preparation preparation NN 35419 4671 20 of of IN 35419 4671 21 the the DT 35419 4671 22 seed seed NN 35419 4671 23 bed bed NN 35419 4671 24 , , , 35419 4671 25 now now RB 35419 4671 26 to to IN 35419 4671 27 the the DT 35419 4671 28 encouragement encouragement NN 35419 4671 29 of of IN 35419 4671 30 the the DT 35419 4671 31 seedlings seedling NNS 35419 4671 32 . . . 35419 4672 1 Then then RB 35419 4672 2 later later RBR 35419 4672 3 , , , 35419 4672 4 the the DT 35419 4672 5 old old JJ 35419 4672 6 crop crop NN 35419 4672 7 is be VBZ 35419 4672 8 gradually gradually RB 35419 4672 9 cut cut VBN 35419 4672 10 away away RB 35419 4672 11 . . . 35419 4673 1 Later later RBR 35419 4673 2 still still RB 35419 4673 3 , , , 35419 4673 4 in in IN 35419 4673 5 twenty twenty CD 35419 4673 6 or or CC 35419 4673 7 thirty thirty CD 35419 4673 8 years year NNS 35419 4673 9 , , , 35419 4673 10 the the DT 35419 4673 11 new new JJ 35419 4673 12 forest forest NN 35419 4673 13 is be VBZ 35419 4673 14 thinned thin VBN 35419 4673 15 , , , 35419 4673 16 and and CC 35419 4673 17 when when WRB 35419 4673 18 it -PRON- PRP 35419 4673 19 reaches reach VBZ 35419 4673 20 maturity maturity NN 35419 4673 21 , , , 35419 4673 22 perhaps perhaps RB 35419 4673 23 in in IN 35419 4673 24 one one CD 35419 4673 25 hundred hundred CD 35419 4673 26 or or CC 35419 4673 27 two two CD 35419 4673 28 hundred hundred CD 35419 4673 29 years year NNS 35419 4673 30 , , , 35419 4673 31 the the DT 35419 4673 32 process process NN 35419 4673 33 is be VBZ 35419 4673 34 repeated repeat VBN 35419 4673 35 . . . 35419 4674 1 This this DT 35419 4674 2 is be VBZ 35419 4674 3 called call VBN 35419 4674 4 the the DT 35419 4674 5 " " `` 35419 4674 6 Regular Regular NNP 35419 4674 7 Seed Seed NNP 35419 4674 8 Forest Forest NNP 35419 4674 9 . . . 35419 4674 10 " " '' 35419 4675 1 It -PRON- PRP 35419 4675 2 produces produce VBZ 35419 4675 3 very very RB 35419 4675 4 valuable valuable JJ 35419 4675 5 timber timber NN 35419 4675 6 , , , 35419 4675 7 and and CC 35419 4675 8 has have VBZ 35419 4675 9 been be VBN 35419 4675 10 used use VBN 35419 4675 11 for for IN 35419 4675 12 a a DT 35419 4675 13 long long JJ 35419 4675 14 time time NN 35419 4675 15 in in IN 35419 4675 16 Switzerland Switzerland NNP 35419 4675 17 , , , 35419 4675 18 especially especially RB 35419 4675 19 for for IN 35419 4675 20 beech beech NN 35419 4675 21 and and CC 35419 4675 22 balsam balsam NN 35419 4675 23 . . . 35419 4676 1 The the DT 35419 4676 2 system system NN 35419 4676 3 is be VBZ 35419 4676 4 complicated complicate VBN 35419 4676 5 and and CC 35419 4676 6 therefore therefore RB 35419 4676 7 unsafe unsafe JJ 35419 4676 8 in in IN 35419 4676 9 ignorant ignorant JJ 35419 4676 10 hands hand NNS 35419 4676 11 , , , 35419 4676 12 and and CC 35419 4676 13 the the DT 35419 4676 14 logging logging NN 35419 4676 15 is be VBZ 35419 4676 16 expensive expensive JJ 35419 4676 17 . . . 35419 4677 1 _ _ NNP 35419 4677 2 Two Two NNP 35419 4677 3 - - HYPH 35419 4677 4 storied story VBN 35419 4677 5 Seed Seed NNP 35419 4677 6 Forest Forest NNP 35419 4677 7 . . . 35419 4677 8 _ _ NNP 35419 4677 9 A a DT 35419 4677 10 modification modification NN 35419 4677 11 of of IN 35419 4677 12 the the DT 35419 4677 13 system system NN 35419 4677 14 of of IN 35419 4677 15 Regular Regular NNP 35419 4677 16 Seed Seed NNP 35419 4677 17 Forest Forest NNP 35419 4677 18 is be VBZ 35419 4677 19 the the DT 35419 4677 20 planting planting NN 35419 4677 21 of of IN 35419 4677 22 another another DT 35419 4677 23 and and CC 35419 4677 24 a a DT 35419 4677 25 tolerant tolerant JJ 35419 4677 26 species species NN 35419 4677 27 of of IN 35419 4677 28 tree tree NN 35419 4677 29 under under IN 35419 4677 30 older old JJR 35419 4677 31 intolerant intolerant JJ 35419 4677 32 trees tree NNS 35419 4677 33 to to TO 35419 4677 34 make make VB 35419 4677 35 a a DT 35419 4677 36 cover cover NN 35419 4677 37 for for IN 35419 4677 38 the the DT 35419 4677 39 soil soil NN 35419 4677 40 , , , 35419 4677 41 to to TO 35419 4677 42 prevent prevent VB 35419 4677 43 the the DT 35419 4677 44 growth growth NN 35419 4677 45 of of IN 35419 4677 46 grass grass NN 35419 4677 47 and and CC 35419 4677 48 weeds weed NNS 35419 4677 49 , , , 35419 4677 50 and and CC 35419 4677 51 to to TO 35419 4677 52 improve improve VB 35419 4677 53 the the DT 35419 4677 54 quality quality NN 35419 4677 55 of of IN 35419 4677 56 the the DT 35419 4677 57 upper upper JJ 35419 4677 58 growth growth NN 35419 4677 59 . . . 35419 4678 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 4678 2 2 2 LS 35419 4678 3 ] ] -RRB- 35419 4678 4 An an DT 35419 4678 5 illustration illustration NN 35419 4678 6 of of IN 35419 4678 7 a a DT 35419 4678 8 natural natural JJ 35419 4678 9 two two CD 35419 4678 10 - - HYPH 35419 4678 11 storied storied JJ 35419 4678 12 seed seed NN 35419 4678 13 forest forest NN 35419 4678 14 is be VBZ 35419 4678 15 shown show VBN 35419 4678 16 in in IN 35419 4678 17 Fig Fig NNP 35419 4678 18 . . . 35419 4679 1 126 126 CD 35419 4679 2 . . . 35419 4680 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 4680 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 4680 3 : : : 35419 4680 4 No no UH 35419 4680 5 . . . 35419 4681 1 126 126 CD 35419 4681 2 . . . 35419 4682 1 Two two CD 35419 4682 2 - - HYPH 35419 4682 3 storied story VBN 35419 4682 4 Seed Seed NNP 35419 4682 5 Forest Forest NNP 35419 4682 6 . . . 35419 4683 1 Fir fir NN 35419 4683 2 under under IN 35419 4683 3 Beech Beech NNP 35419 4683 4 , , , 35419 4683 5 Germany Germany NNP 35419 4683 6 . . . 35419 4684 1 _ _ NNP 35419 4684 2 U. U. NNP 35419 4685 1 S. S. NNP 35419 4685 2 Forest Forest NNP 35419 4685 3 Service Service NNP 35419 4685 4 . . . 35419 4685 5 _ _ NNP 35419 4685 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 4685 7 _ _ NNP 35419 4685 8 Planting Planting NNP 35419 4685 9 . . . 35419 4685 10 _ _ NNP 35419 4685 11 The the DT 35419 4685 12 planting planting NN 35419 4685 13 of of IN 35419 4685 14 forest forest NN 35419 4685 15 trees tree NNS 35419 4685 16 is be VBZ 35419 4685 17 a a DT 35419 4685 18 comparatively comparatively RB 35419 4685 19 unimportant unimportant JJ 35419 4685 20 part part NN 35419 4685 21 of of IN 35419 4685 22 modern modern JJ 35419 4685 23 forestry forestry NN 35419 4685 24 . . . 35419 4686 1 It -PRON- PRP 35419 4686 2 is be VBZ 35419 4686 3 a a DT 35419 4686 4 mistaken mistaken JJ 35419 4686 5 idea idea NN 35419 4686 6 , , , 35419 4686 7 not not RB 35419 4686 8 uncommon uncommon JJ 35419 4686 9 , , , 35419 4686 10 that that IN 35419 4686 11 the the DT 35419 4686 12 usual usual JJ 35419 4686 13 way way NN 35419 4686 14 of of IN 35419 4686 15 reproducing reproduce VBG 35419 4686 16 forests forest NNS 35419 4686 17 is be VBZ 35419 4686 18 to to TO 35419 4686 19 plant plant VB 35419 4686 20 trees tree NNS 35419 4686 21 . . . 35419 4687 1 It -PRON- PRP 35419 4687 2 is be VBZ 35419 4687 3 true true JJ 35419 4687 4 that that IN 35419 4687 5 in in IN 35419 4687 6 the the DT 35419 4687 7 pineries pinerie NNS 35419 4687 8 of of IN 35419 4687 9 North North NNP 35419 4687 10 Germany Germany NNP 35419 4687 11 and and CC 35419 4687 12 in in IN 35419 4687 13 the the DT 35419 4687 14 spruce spruce NN 35419 4687 15 forests forest NNS 35419 4687 16 of of IN 35419 4687 17 Saxony Saxony NNP 35419 4687 18 , , , 35419 4687 19 it -PRON- PRP 35419 4687 20 is be VBZ 35419 4687 21 common common JJ 35419 4687 22 to to TO 35419 4687 23 cut cut VB 35419 4687 24 clean clean JJ 35419 4687 25 and and CC 35419 4687 26 then then RB 35419 4687 27 replant replant NN 35419 4687 28 , , , 35419 4687 29 but but CC 35419 4687 30 it -PRON- PRP 35419 4687 31 is be VBZ 35419 4687 32 absurd absurd JJ 35419 4687 33 to to TO 35419 4687 34 conclude conclude VB 35419 4687 35 , , , 35419 4687 36 as as IN 35419 4687 37 some some DT 35419 4687 38 have have VBP 35419 4687 39 done do VBN 35419 4687 40 , , , 35419 4687 41 that that IN 35419 4687 42 forestry forestry NN 35419 4687 43 consists consist VBZ 35419 4687 44 of of IN 35419 4687 45 planting plant VBG 35419 4687 46 a a DT 35419 4687 47 tree tree NN 35419 4687 48 every every DT 35419 4687 49 time time NN 35419 4687 50 one one CD 35419 4687 51 is be VBZ 35419 4687 52 cut cut VBN 35419 4687 53 . . . 35419 4688 1 Even even RB 35419 4688 2 if if IN 35419 4688 3 planting planting NN 35419 4688 4 were be VBD 35419 4688 5 the the DT 35419 4688 6 best good JJS 35419 4688 7 method method NN 35419 4688 8 , , , 35419 4688 9 many many JJ 35419 4688 10 more more JJR 35419 4688 11 than than IN 35419 4688 12 one one CD 35419 4688 13 tree tree NN 35419 4688 14 would would MD 35419 4688 15 have have VB 35419 4688 16 to to TO 35419 4688 17 be be VB 35419 4688 18 planted plant VBN 35419 4688 19 for for IN 35419 4688 20 each each DT 35419 4688 21 one one CD 35419 4688 22 cut cut NN 35419 4688 23 , , , 35419 4688 24 in in IN 35419 4688 25 order order NN 35419 4688 26 to to TO 35419 4688 27 maintain maintain VB 35419 4688 28 the the DT 35419 4688 29 forest forest NN 35419 4688 30 . . . 35419 4689 1 So so RB 35419 4689 2 far far RB 35419 4689 3 as as IN 35419 4689 4 America America NNP 35419 4689 5 is be VBZ 35419 4689 6 concerned concern VBN 35419 4689 7 , , , 35419 4689 8 not not RB 35419 4689 9 for for IN 35419 4689 10 a a DT 35419 4689 11 long long JJ 35419 4689 12 time time NN 35419 4689 13 will will MD 35419 4689 14 planting plant VBG 35419 4689 15 be be VB 35419 4689 16 much much RB 35419 4689 17 used use VBN 35419 4689 18 for for IN 35419 4689 19 reproduction reproduction NN 35419 4689 20 . . . 35419 4690 1 The the DT 35419 4690 2 greater great JJR 35419 4690 3 portion portion NN 35419 4690 4 of of IN 35419 4690 5 American american JJ 35419 4690 6 woodlands woodland NNS 35419 4690 7 is be VBZ 35419 4690 8 in in IN 35419 4690 9 the the DT 35419 4690 10 condition condition NN 35419 4690 11 of of IN 35419 4690 12 culled cull VBN 35419 4690 13 forests forest NNS 35419 4690 14 , , , 35419 4690 15 that that RB 35419 4690 16 is is RB 35419 4690 17 , , , 35419 4690 18 forests forest NNS 35419 4690 19 from from IN 35419 4690 20 which which WDT 35419 4690 21 the the DT 35419 4690 22 merchantable merchantable JJ 35419 4690 23 trees tree NNS 35419 4690 24 have have VBP 35419 4690 25 been be VBN 35419 4690 26 cut cut VBN 35419 4690 27 , , , 35419 4690 28 leaving leave VBG 35419 4690 29 the the DT 35419 4690 30 younger young JJR 35419 4690 31 individuals individual NNS 35419 4690 32 , , , 35419 4690 33 as as RB 35419 4690 34 well well RB 35419 4690 35 as as IN 35419 4690 36 all all DT 35419 4690 37 trees tree NNS 35419 4690 38 belonging belong VBG 35419 4690 39 to to IN 35419 4690 40 unmarketable unmarketable JJ 35419 4690 41 species specie NNS 35419 4690 42 . . . 35419 4691 1 Even even RB 35419 4691 2 on on IN 35419 4691 3 the the DT 35419 4691 4 areas area NNS 35419 4691 5 where where WRB 35419 4691 6 the the DT 35419 4691 7 lumbermen lumberman NNS 35419 4691 8 have have VBP 35419 4691 9 made make VBN 35419 4691 10 a a DT 35419 4691 11 clean clean JJ 35419 4691 12 cut cut NN 35419 4691 13 of of IN 35419 4691 14 the the DT 35419 4691 15 original original JJ 35419 4691 16 timber timber NN 35419 4691 17 , , , 35419 4691 18 new new JJ 35419 4691 19 trees tree NNS 35419 4691 20 will will MD 35419 4691 21 come come VB 35419 4691 22 up up IN 35419 4691 23 of of IN 35419 4691 24 themselves -PRON- PRP 35419 4691 25 from from IN 35419 4691 26 seeds seed NNS 35419 4691 27 blown blow VBN 35419 4691 28 from from IN 35419 4691 29 the the DT 35419 4691 30 surrounding surround VBG 35419 4691 31 forests forest NNS 35419 4691 32 or or CC 35419 4691 33 falling fall VBG 35419 4691 34 from from IN 35419 4691 35 occasional occasional JJ 35419 4691 36 individuals individual NNS 35419 4691 37 left leave VBD 35419 4691 38 standing stand VBG 35419 4691 39 . . . 35419 4692 1 ( ( -LRB- 35419 4692 2 Bruncken Bruncken NNP 35419 4692 3 , , , 35419 4692 4 p. p. NN 35419 4693 1 133 133 LS 35419 4693 2 . . . 35419 4693 3 ) ) -RRB- 35419 4694 1 The the DT 35419 4694 2 usefulness usefulness NN 35419 4694 3 of of IN 35419 4694 4 planting plant VBG 35419 4694 5 in in IN 35419 4694 6 America America NNP 35419 4694 7 is be VBZ 35419 4694 8 mainly mainly RB 35419 4694 9 for for IN 35419 4694 10 reclaiming reclaim VBG 35419 4694 11 treeless treeless JJ 35419 4694 12 regions region NNS 35419 4694 13 , , , 35419 4694 14 as as IN 35419 4694 15 in in IN 35419 4694 16 the the DT 35419 4694 17 west west NN 35419 4694 18 , , , 35419 4694 19 and and CC 35419 4694 20 where where WRB 35419 4694 21 timber timber NN 35419 4694 22 is be VBZ 35419 4694 23 high high RB 35419 4694 24 priced price VBN 35419 4694 25 . . . 35419 4695 1 The the DT 35419 4695 2 area area NN 35419 4695 3 of of IN 35419 4695 4 planted plant VBN 35419 4695 5 timber timber NN 35419 4695 6 in in IN 35419 4695 7 the the DT 35419 4695 8 Middle Middle NNP 35419 4695 9 West West NNP 35419 4695 10 aggregates aggregate NNS 35419 4695 11 many many JJ 35419 4695 12 hundred hundred CD 35419 4695 13 thousand thousand CD 35419 4695 14 acres acre NNS 35419 4695 15 , , , 35419 4695 16 once once RB 35419 4695 17 waste waste NN 35419 4695 18 land land NN 35419 4695 19 , , , 35419 4695 20 now now RB 35419 4695 21 converted convert VBN 35419 4695 22 into into IN 35419 4695 23 useful useful JJ 35419 4695 24 woods wood NNS 35419 4695 25 . . . 35419 4696 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 4696 2 3 3 LS 35419 4696 3 ] ] -RRB- 35419 4696 4 Planting planting NN 35419 4696 5 has have VBZ 35419 4696 6 been be VBN 35419 4696 7 made make VBN 35419 4696 8 possible possible JJ 35419 4696 9 in in IN 35419 4696 10 the the DT 35419 4696 11 far far NNP 35419 4696 12 west west NNP 35419 4696 13 by by IN 35419 4696 14 extensive extensive JJ 35419 4696 15 irrigation irrigation NN 35419 4696 16 systems system NNS 35419 4696 17 , , , 35419 4696 18 and and CC 35419 4696 19 farther farther RB 35419 4696 20 east east NN 35419 4696 21 by by IN 35419 4696 22 the the DT 35419 4696 23 lessening lessening NN 35419 4696 24 of of IN 35419 4696 25 prairie prairie NN 35419 4696 26 fires fire NNS 35419 4696 27 , , , 35419 4696 28 which which WDT 35419 4696 29 once once RB 35419 4696 30 set set VBD 35419 4696 31 the the DT 35419 4696 32 limit limit NN 35419 4696 33 to to IN 35419 4696 34 tree tree NN 35419 4696 35 growth growth NN 35419 4696 36 in in IN 35419 4696 37 the the DT 35419 4696 38 prairie prairie NN 35419 4696 39 states state NNS 35419 4696 40 . . . 35419 4697 1 In in IN 35419 4697 2 many many JJ 35419 4697 3 parts part NNS 35419 4697 4 of of IN 35419 4697 5 Illinois Illinois NNP 35419 4697 6 , , , 35419 4697 7 southern southern JJ 35419 4697 8 Wisconsin Wisconsin NNP 35419 4697 9 and and CC 35419 4697 10 other other JJ 35419 4697 11 prairie prairie NN 35419 4697 12 States States NNP 35419 4697 13 , , , 35419 4697 14 there there EX 35419 4697 15 is be VBZ 35419 4697 16 much much RB 35419 4697 17 more more JJR 35419 4697 18 forest forest NN 35419 4697 19 land land NN 35419 4697 20 than than IN 35419 4697 21 there there EX 35419 4697 22 was be VBD 35419 4697 23 twenty twenty CD 35419 4697 24 - - HYPH 35419 4697 25 five five CD 35419 4697 26 years year NNS 35419 4697 27 ago ago RB 35419 4697 28 . . . 35419 4698 1 What what WP 35419 4698 2 planting planting NN 35419 4698 3 can can MD 35419 4698 4 do do VB 35419 4698 5 , , , 35419 4698 6 may may MD 35419 4698 7 be be VB 35419 4698 8 seen see VBN 35419 4698 9 on on IN 35419 4698 10 some some DT 35419 4698 11 worn wear VBN 35419 4698 12 out out RP 35419 4698 13 pastures pasture NNS 35419 4698 14 in in IN 35419 4698 15 New New NNP 35419 4698 16 England England NNP 35419 4698 17 , , , 35419 4698 18 Fig Fig NNP 35419 4698 19 . . . 35419 4699 1 127 127 CD 35419 4699 2 . . . 35419 4700 1 With with IN 35419 4700 2 the the DT 35419 4700 3 western western JJ 35419 4700 4 movement movement NN 35419 4700 5 of of IN 35419 4700 6 agriculture agriculture NNP 35419 4700 7 , , , 35419 4700 8 the the DT 35419 4700 9 abandoned abandon VBN 35419 4700 10 farms farm NNS 35419 4700 11 of of IN 35419 4700 12 New New NNP 35419 4700 13 England England NNP 35419 4700 14 are be VBP 35419 4700 15 to to IN 35419 4700 16 some some DT 35419 4700 17 extent extent NN 35419 4700 18 becoming become VBG 35419 4700 19 re re NN 35419 4700 20 - - JJ 35419 4700 21 forested forested JJ 35419 4700 22 , , , 35419 4700 23 both both CC 35419 4700 24 naturally naturally RB 35419 4700 25 and and CC 35419 4700 26 by by IN 35419 4700 27 planting plant VBG 35419 4700 28 , , , 35419 4700 29 as as IN 35419 4700 30 with with IN 35419 4700 31 white white JJ 35419 4700 32 pine pine NN 35419 4700 33 , , , 35419 4700 34 which which WDT 35419 4700 35 grows grow VBZ 35419 4700 36 even even RB 35419 4700 37 on on IN 35419 4700 38 sandy sandy JJ 35419 4700 39 soil soil NN 35419 4700 40 . . . 35419 4701 1 Between between IN 35419 4701 2 1820 1820 CD 35419 4701 3 and and CC 35419 4701 4 1880 1880 CD 35419 4701 5 , , , 35419 4701 6 there there EX 35419 4701 7 was be VBD 35419 4701 8 a a DT 35419 4701 9 period period NN 35419 4701 10 of of IN 35419 4701 11 enthusiastic enthusiastic JJ 35419 4701 12 white white JJ 35419 4701 13 - - HYPH 35419 4701 14 pine pine JJ 35419 4701 15 planting planting NN 35419 4701 16 in in IN 35419 4701 17 New New NNP 35419 4701 18 England England NNP 35419 4701 19 , , , 35419 4701 20 and and CC 35419 4701 21 tho tho VB 35419 4701 22 the the DT 35419 4701 23 interest interest NN 35419 4701 24 died die VBD 35419 4701 25 on on IN 35419 4701 26 account account NN 35419 4701 27 of of IN 35419 4701 28 the the DT 35419 4701 29 cheap cheap JJ 35419 4701 30 transportation transportation NN 35419 4701 31 of of IN 35419 4701 32 western western JJ 35419 4701 33 lumber lumber NN 35419 4701 34 , , , 35419 4701 35 those those DT 35419 4701 36 early early JJ 35419 4701 37 plantations plantation NNS 35419 4701 38 prove prove VBP 35419 4701 39 that that IN 35419 4701 40 white white JJ 35419 4701 41 pine pine NN 35419 4701 42 can can MD 35419 4701 43 be be VB 35419 4701 44 planted plant VBN 35419 4701 45 at at IN 35419 4701 46 a a DT 35419 4701 47 profit profit NN 35419 4701 48 even even RB 35419 4701 49 on on IN 35419 4701 50 sand sand NN 35419 4701 51 barrens barren NNS 35419 4701 52 . . . 35419 4702 1 Once once RB 35419 4702 2 worn wear VBN 35419 4702 3 out out RP 35419 4702 4 and and CC 35419 4702 5 useless useless JJ 35419 4702 6 pastures pasture NNS 35419 4702 7 are be VBP 35419 4702 8 now now RB 35419 4702 9 worth worth JJ 35419 4702 10 $ $ $ 35419 4702 11 150 150 CD 35419 4702 12 an an DT 35419 4702 13 acre acre NN 35419 4702 14 and and CC 35419 4702 15 produce produce VB 35419 4702 16 yearly yearly JJ 35419 4702 17 a a DT 35419 4702 18 net net JJ 35419 4702 19 income income NN 35419 4702 20 of of IN 35419 4702 21 $ $ $ 35419 4702 22 3 3 CD 35419 4702 23 or or CC 35419 4702 24 more more JJR 35419 4702 25 an an DT 35419 4702 26 acre acre NN 35419 4702 27 . . . 35419 4703 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 4703 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 4703 3 : : : 35419 4703 4 Fig Fig NNP 35419 4703 5 . . . 35419 4704 1 127 127 CD 35419 4704 2 . . . 35419 4705 1 Planted Planted NNP 35419 4705 2 White White NNP 35419 4705 3 Pine Pine NNP 35419 4705 4 , , , 35419 4705 5 Fifty Fifty NNP 35419 4705 6 Years Years NNPS 35419 4705 7 Old Old NNP 35419 4705 8 , , , 35419 4705 9 Bridgewater Bridgewater NNP 35419 4705 10 , , , 35419 4705 11 Mass. Massachusetts NNP 35419 4706 1 _ _ NNP 35419 4706 2 U. U. NNP 35419 4707 1 S. S. NNP 35419 4707 2 Forest Forest NNP 35419 4707 3 Service Service NNP 35419 4707 4 . . . 35419 4707 5 _ _ NNP 35419 4707 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 4707 7 IMPROVEMENT IMPROVEMENT NNP 35419 4707 8 . . . 35419 4708 1 Besides besides IN 35419 4708 2 utilization utilization NN 35419 4708 3 and and CC 35419 4708 4 preservation preservation NN 35419 4708 5 , , , 35419 4708 6 the the DT 35419 4708 7 third third JJ 35419 4708 8 main main JJ 35419 4708 9 object object NN 35419 4708 10 of of IN 35419 4708 11 forestry forestry NN 35419 4708 12 is be VBZ 35419 4708 13 the the DT 35419 4708 14 improvement improvement NN 35419 4708 15 of of IN 35419 4708 16 the the DT 35419 4708 17 forest forest NN 35419 4708 18 . . . 35419 4709 1 It -PRON- PRP 35419 4709 2 is be VBZ 35419 4709 3 not not RB 35419 4709 4 an an DT 35419 4709 5 uncommon uncommon JJ 35419 4709 6 mistake mistake NN 35419 4709 7 to to TO 35419 4709 8 suppose suppose VB 35419 4709 9 that that IN 35419 4709 10 the the DT 35419 4709 11 virgin virgin JJ 35419 4709 12 forest forest NN 35419 4709 13 is be VBZ 35419 4709 14 the the DT 35419 4709 15 best good JJS 35419 4709 16 forest forest NN 35419 4709 17 for for IN 35419 4709 18 human human JJ 35419 4709 19 purposes purpose NNS 35419 4709 20 . . . 35419 4710 1 It -PRON- PRP 35419 4710 2 is be VBZ 35419 4710 3 a a DT 35419 4710 4 comparatively comparatively RB 35419 4710 5 new new JJ 35419 4710 6 idea idea NN 35419 4710 7 , , , 35419 4710 8 especially especially RB 35419 4710 9 in in IN 35419 4710 10 America America NNP 35419 4710 11 , , , 35419 4710 12 that that IN 35419 4710 13 a a DT 35419 4710 14 forest forest NN 35419 4710 15 can can MD 35419 4710 16 be be VB 35419 4710 17 improved improve VBN 35419 4710 18 ; ; : 35419 4710 19 that that RB 35419 4710 20 is is RB 35419 4710 21 , , , 35419 4710 22 that that IN 35419 4710 23 better well JJR 35419 4710 24 trees tree NNS 35419 4710 25 can can MD 35419 4710 26 be be VB 35419 4710 27 raised raise VBN 35419 4710 28 than than IN 35419 4710 29 those those DT 35419 4710 30 which which WDT 35419 4710 31 grow grow VBP 35419 4710 32 naturally naturally RB 35419 4710 33 . . . 35419 4711 1 Lumbermen lumberman NNS 35419 4711 2 commonly commonly RB 35419 4711 3 say say VBP 35419 4711 4 , , , 35419 4711 5 " " `` 35419 4711 6 You -PRON- PRP 35419 4711 7 never never RB 35419 4711 8 can can MD 35419 4711 9 raise raise VB 35419 4711 10 a a DT 35419 4711 11 second second JJ 35419 4711 12 growth growth NN 35419 4711 13 of of IN 35419 4711 14 white white JJ 35419 4711 15 pine pine NN 35419 4711 16 as as RB 35419 4711 17 good good JJ 35419 4711 18 as as IN 35419 4711 19 the the DT 35419 4711 20 first first JJ 35419 4711 21 growth growth NN 35419 4711 22 . . . 35419 4711 23 " " '' 35419 4712 1 As as IN 35419 4712 2 if if IN 35419 4712 3 this this DT 35419 4712 4 " " `` 35419 4712 5 first first JJ 35419 4712 6 growth growth NN 35419 4712 7 " " '' 35419 4712 8 were be VBD 35419 4712 9 not not RB 35419 4712 10 itself -PRON- PRP 35419 4712 11 the the DT 35419 4712 12 successsor successsor NN 35419 4712 13 of of IN 35419 4712 14 thousands thousand NNS 35419 4712 15 of of IN 35419 4712 16 other other JJ 35419 4712 17 generations generation NNS 35419 4712 18 ! ! . 35419 4713 1 There there EX 35419 4713 2 is be VBZ 35419 4713 3 even even RB 35419 4713 4 a a DT 35419 4713 5 legend legend NN 35419 4713 6 that that WDT 35419 4713 7 white white JJ 35419 4713 8 pine pine NN 35419 4713 9 will will MD 35419 4713 10 not not RB 35419 4713 11 grow grow VB 35419 4713 12 in in IN 35419 4713 13 its -PRON- PRP$ 35419 4713 14 old old JJ 35419 4713 15 habitat habitat NN 35419 4713 16 . . . 35419 4714 1 Says say VBZ 35419 4714 2 Bruncken Bruncken NNP 35419 4714 3 , , , 35419 4714 4 Many many JJ 35419 4714 5 people people NNS 35419 4714 6 probably probably RB 35419 4714 7 imagine imagine VBP 35419 4714 8 that that IN 35419 4714 9 a a DT 35419 4714 10 primeval primeval NN 35419 4714 11 wood wood NN 35419 4714 12 , , , 35419 4714 13 " " '' 35419 4714 14 by by IN 35419 4714 15 nature nature NN 35419 4714 16 's 's POS 35419 4714 17 own own JJ 35419 4714 18 hand hand NN 35419 4714 19 planted plant VBD 35419 4714 20 , , , 35419 4714 21 " " `` 35419 4714 22 can can MD 35419 4714 23 not not RB 35419 4714 24 be be VB 35419 4714 25 surpassed surpass VBN 35419 4714 26 in in IN 35419 4714 27 the the DT 35419 4714 28 number number NN 35419 4714 29 and and CC 35419 4714 30 size size NN 35419 4714 31 of of IN 35419 4714 32 its -PRON- PRP$ 35419 4714 33 trees tree NNS 35419 4714 34 , , , 35419 4714 35 and and CC 35419 4714 36 consequently consequently RB 35419 4714 37 in in IN 35419 4714 38 the the DT 35419 4714 39 amount amount NN 35419 4714 40 of of IN 35419 4714 41 wood wood NN 35419 4714 42 to to TO 35419 4714 43 be be VB 35419 4714 44 derived derive VBN 35419 4714 45 from from IN 35419 4714 46 it -PRON- PRP 35419 4714 47 . . . 35419 4715 1 But but CC 35419 4715 2 the the DT 35419 4715 3 very very JJ 35419 4715 4 opposite opposite JJ 35419 4715 5 is be VBZ 35419 4715 6 true true JJ 35419 4715 7 . . . 35419 4716 1 No no DT 35419 4716 2 wild wild JJ 35419 4716 3 forest forest NN 35419 4716 4 can can MD 35419 4716 5 ever ever RB 35419 4716 6 equal equal VB 35419 4716 7 a a DT 35419 4716 8 cultivated cultivate VBN 35419 4716 9 one one CD 35419 4716 10 in in IN 35419 4716 11 productiveness productiveness NN 35419 4716 12 . . . 35419 4717 1 To to TO 35419 4717 2 hope hope VB 35419 4717 3 that that IN 35419 4717 4 it -PRON- PRP 35419 4717 5 will will MD 35419 4717 6 , , , 35419 4717 7 is be VBZ 35419 4717 8 very very RB 35419 4717 9 much much RB 35419 4717 10 as as IN 35419 4717 11 if if IN 35419 4717 12 a a DT 35419 4717 13 farmer farmer NN 35419 4717 14 were be VBD 35419 4717 15 to to TO 35419 4717 16 expect expect VB 35419 4717 17 a a DT 35419 4717 18 full full JJ 35419 4717 19 harvest harvest NN 35419 4717 20 from from IN 35419 4717 21 the the DT 35419 4717 22 grain grain NN 35419 4717 23 that that WDT 35419 4717 24 may may MD 35419 4717 25 spring spring VB 35419 4717 26 up up RP 35419 4717 27 spontaneously spontaneously RB 35419 4717 28 in in IN 35419 4717 29 his -PRON- PRP$ 35419 4717 30 fields field NNS 35419 4717 31 without without IN 35419 4717 32 his -PRON- PRP$ 35419 4717 33 sowing sowing NN 35419 4717 34 . . . 35419 4718 1 A a DT 35419 4718 2 tract tract NN 35419 4718 3 of of IN 35419 4718 4 wild wild JJ 35419 4718 5 forest forest NN 35419 4718 6 in in IN 35419 4718 7 the the DT 35419 4718 8 first first JJ 35419 4718 9 place place NN 35419 4718 10 does do VBZ 35419 4718 11 not not RB 35419 4718 12 contain contain VB 35419 4718 13 so so RB 35419 4718 14 many many JJ 35419 4718 15 trees tree NNS 35419 4718 16 as as IN 35419 4718 17 might may MD 35419 4718 18 grow grow VB 35419 4718 19 thereon thereon NN 35419 4718 20 , , , 35419 4718 21 but but CC 35419 4718 22 only only RB 35419 4718 23 so so RB 35419 4718 24 many many JJ 35419 4718 25 as as IN 35419 4718 26 may may MD 35419 4718 27 have have VB 35419 4718 28 survived survive VBN 35419 4718 29 the the DT 35419 4718 30 struggle struggle NN 35419 4718 31 for for IN 35419 4718 32 life life NN 35419 4718 33 with with IN 35419 4718 34 their -PRON- PRP$ 35419 4718 35 own own JJ 35419 4718 36 and and CC 35419 4718 37 other other JJ 35419 4718 38 species specie NNS 35419 4718 39 of of IN 35419 4718 40 plants plant NNS 35419 4718 41 occupying occupy VBG 35419 4718 42 the the DT 35419 4718 43 locality locality NN 35419 4718 44 . . . 35419 4719 1 Many many JJ 35419 4719 2 of of IN 35419 4719 3 the the DT 35419 4719 4 trees tree NNS 35419 4719 5 so so RB 35419 4719 6 surviving survive VBG 35419 4719 7 never never RB 35419 4719 8 attain attain VBP 35419 4719 9 their -PRON- PRP$ 35419 4719 10 best good JJS 35419 4719 11 development development NN 35419 4719 12 , , , 35419 4719 13 being be VBG 35419 4719 14 suppressed suppress VBN 35419 4719 15 , , , 35419 4719 16 overshadowed overshadow VBN 35419 4719 17 , , , 35419 4719 18 and and CC 35419 4719 19 hindered hinder VBN 35419 4719 20 by by IN 35419 4719 21 stronger strong JJR 35419 4719 22 neighbors neighbor NNS 35419 4719 23 . . . 35419 4720 1 Finally finally RB 35419 4720 2 much much JJ 35419 4720 3 of of IN 35419 4720 4 the the DT 35419 4720 5 space space NN 35419 4720 6 that that WDT 35419 4720 7 might may MD 35419 4720 8 be be VB 35419 4720 9 occupied occupy VBN 35419 4720 10 by by IN 35419 4720 11 valuable valuable JJ 35419 4720 12 timber timber NN 35419 4720 13 may may MD 35419 4720 14 be be VB 35419 4720 15 given give VBN 35419 4720 16 up up RP 35419 4720 17 to to IN 35419 4720 18 trees tree NNS 35419 4720 19 having have VBG 35419 4720 20 little little JJ 35419 4720 21 or or CC 35419 4720 22 no no DT 35419 4720 23 market market NN 35419 4720 24 value value NN 35419 4720 25 . . . 35419 4721 1 The the DT 35419 4721 2 rule rule NN 35419 4721 3 is be VBZ 35419 4721 4 universal universal JJ 35419 4721 5 that that IN 35419 4721 6 the the DT 35419 4721 7 amount amount NN 35419 4721 8 and and CC 35419 4721 9 value value NN 35419 4721 10 of of IN 35419 4721 11 material material NN 35419 4721 12 that that WDT 35419 4721 13 can can MD 35419 4721 14 be be VB 35419 4721 15 taken take VBN 35419 4721 16 from from IN 35419 4721 17 an an DT 35419 4721 18 area area NN 35419 4721 19 of of IN 35419 4721 20 wild wild JJ 35419 4721 21 forest forest NN 35419 4721 22 remains remain VBZ 35419 4721 23 far far RB 35419 4721 24 behind behind IN 35419 4721 25 what what WP 35419 4721 26 the the DT 35419 4721 27 same same JJ 35419 4721 28 land land NN 35419 4721 29 may may MD 35419 4721 30 bear bear VB 35419 4721 31 if if IN 35419 4721 32 properly properly RB 35419 4721 33 treated treat VBN 35419 4721 34 by by IN 35419 4721 35 the the DT 35419 4721 36 forester forester NN 35419 4721 37 . . . 35419 4722 1 It -PRON- PRP 35419 4722 2 is be VBZ 35419 4722 3 certain certain JJ 35419 4722 4 , , , 35419 4722 5 therefore therefore RB 35419 4722 6 , , , 35419 4722 7 that that IN 35419 4722 8 in in IN 35419 4722 9 the the DT 35419 4722 10 future future NN 35419 4722 11 , , , 35419 4722 12 when when WRB 35419 4722 13 most most JJS 35419 4722 14 American american JJ 35419 4722 15 forests forest NNS 35419 4722 16 shall shall MD 35419 4722 17 be be VB 35419 4722 18 in in IN 35419 4722 19 a a DT 35419 4722 20 high high JJ 35419 4722 21 state state NN 35419 4722 22 of of IN 35419 4722 23 cultivation cultivation NN 35419 4722 24 , , , 35419 4722 25 the the DT 35419 4722 26 annual annual JJ 35419 4722 27 output output NN 35419 4722 28 of of IN 35419 4722 29 forests forest NNS 35419 4722 30 will will MD 35419 4722 31 , , , 35419 4722 32 from from IN 35419 4722 33 a a DT 35419 4722 34 much much RB 35419 4722 35 restricted restrict VBN 35419 4722 36 area area NN 35419 4722 37 , , , 35419 4722 38 exceed exceed VB 35419 4722 39 everything everything NN 35419 4722 40 known know VBN 35419 4722 41 at at IN 35419 4722 42 the the DT 35419 4722 43 present present JJ 35419 4722 44 day day NN 35419 4722 45 . . . 35419 4723 1 ( ( -LRB- 35419 4723 2 Bruncken Bruncken NNP 35419 4723 3 , , , 35419 4723 4 _ _ NNP 35419 4723 5 North North NNP 35419 4723 6 American American NNP 35419 4723 7 Forests Forests NNPS 35419 4723 8 and and CC 35419 4723 9 Forestry Forestry NNP 35419 4723 10 _ _ NNP 35419 4723 11 , , , 35419 4723 12 pp pp NNP 35419 4723 13 . . . 35419 4724 1 134 134 CD 35419 4724 2 - - SYM 35419 4724 3 135 135 CD 35419 4724 4 . . . 35419 4724 5 ) ) -RRB- 35419 4725 1 It -PRON- PRP 35419 4725 2 is be VBZ 35419 4725 3 probable probable JJ 35419 4725 4 that that IN 35419 4725 5 the the DT 35419 4725 6 virgin virgin JJ 35419 4725 7 forest forest NN 35419 4725 8 produces produce VBZ 35419 4725 9 but but CC 35419 4725 10 a a DT 35419 4725 11 tithe tithe NN 35419 4725 12 of of IN 35419 4725 13 the the DT 35419 4725 14 useful useful JJ 35419 4725 15 material material NN 35419 4725 16 which which WDT 35419 4725 17 it -PRON- PRP 35419 4725 18 is be VBZ 35419 4725 19 capable capable JJ 35419 4725 20 of of IN 35419 4725 21 producing produce VBG 35419 4725 22 . . . 35419 4726 1 ( ( -LRB- 35419 4726 2 Fernow fernow NN 35419 4726 3 , , , 35419 4726 4 p. p. NN 35419 4727 1 98 98 CD 35419 4727 2 . . . 35419 4727 3 ) ) -RRB- 35419 4728 1 Mr. Mr. NNP 35419 4728 2 Burbank Burbank NNP 35419 4728 3 has have VBZ 35419 4728 4 demonstrated demonstrate VBN 35419 4728 5 that that IN 35419 4728 6 trees tree NNS 35419 4728 7 can can MD 35419 4728 8 be be VB 35419 4728 9 bred breed VBN 35419 4728 10 for for IN 35419 4728 11 any any DT 35419 4728 12 particular particular JJ 35419 4728 13 quality,--for quality,--for NNP 35419 4728 14 largeness largeness NN 35419 4728 15 , , , 35419 4728 16 strength strength NN 35419 4728 17 , , , 35419 4728 18 shape shape NN 35419 4728 19 , , , 35419 4728 20 amount amount NN 35419 4728 21 of of IN 35419 4728 22 pitch pitch NN 35419 4728 23 , , , 35419 4728 24 tannin tannin NN 35419 4728 25 , , , 35419 4728 26 sugar sugar NN 35419 4728 27 and and CC 35419 4728 28 the the DT 35419 4728 29 like like JJ 35419 4728 30 , , , 35419 4728 31 and and CC 35419 4728 32 for for IN 35419 4728 33 rapidity rapidity NN 35419 4728 34 of of IN 35419 4728 35 growth growth NN 35419 4728 36 ; ; : 35419 4728 37 in in IN 35419 4728 38 fact fact NN 35419 4728 39 that that IN 35419 4728 40 any any DT 35419 4728 41 desirable desirable JJ 35419 4728 42 attribute attribute NN 35419 4728 43 of of IN 35419 4728 44 a a DT 35419 4728 45 tree tree NN 35419 4728 46 may may MD 35419 4728 47 be be VB 35419 4728 48 developed develop VBN 35419 4728 49 simply simply RB 35419 4728 50 by by IN 35419 4728 51 breeding breed VBG 35419 4728 52 and and CC 35419 4728 53 selecting select VBG 35419 4728 54 . . . 35419 4729 1 He -PRON- PRP 35419 4729 2 has have VBZ 35419 4729 3 created create VBN 35419 4729 4 walnut walnut NN 35419 4729 5 trees tree NNS 35419 4729 6 , , , 35419 4729 7 by by IN 35419 4729 8 crossing cross VBG 35419 4729 9 common common JJ 35419 4729 10 varieties variety NNS 35419 4729 11 , , , 35419 4729 12 that that WDT 35419 4729 13 have have VBP 35419 4729 14 grown grow VBN 35419 4729 15 six six CD 35419 4729 16 times time NNS 35419 4729 17 as as RB 35419 4729 18 much much JJ 35419 4729 19 in in IN 35419 4729 20 thirteen thirteen CD 35419 4729 21 years year NNS 35419 4729 22 as as IN 35419 4729 23 their -PRON- PRP$ 35419 4729 24 ancestors ancestor NNS 35419 4729 25 did do VBD 35419 4729 26 in in IN 35419 4729 27 twenty twenty CD 35419 4729 28 - - HYPH 35419 4729 29 eight eight CD 35419 4729 30 years year NNS 35419 4729 31 , , , 35419 4729 32 preserving preserve VBG 35419 4729 33 at at IN 35419 4729 34 the the DT 35419 4729 35 same same JJ 35419 4729 36 time time NN 35419 4729 37 , , , 35419 4729 38 the the DT 35419 4729 39 strength strength NN 35419 4729 40 , , , 35419 4729 41 hardness hardness NN 35419 4729 42 and and CC 35419 4729 43 texture texture NN 35419 4729 44 of of IN 35419 4729 45 their -PRON- PRP$ 35419 4729 46 forebears forebear NNS 35419 4729 47 . . . 35419 4730 1 The the DT 35419 4730 2 grain grain NN 35419 4730 3 of of IN 35419 4730 4 the the DT 35419 4730 5 wood wood NN 35419 4730 6 has have VBZ 35419 4730 7 been be VBN 35419 4730 8 made make VBN 35419 4730 9 more more RBR 35419 4730 10 beautiful beautiful JJ 35419 4730 11 at at IN 35419 4730 12 the the DT 35419 4730 13 same same JJ 35419 4730 14 time time NN 35419 4730 15 . . . 35419 4731 1 The the DT 35419 4731 2 trees tree NNS 35419 4731 3 are be VBP 35419 4731 4 fine fine JJ 35419 4731 5 for for IN 35419 4731 6 fuel fuel NN 35419 4731 7 and and CC 35419 4731 8 splendidly splendidly RB 35419 4731 9 adapted adapt VBD 35419 4731 10 to to IN 35419 4731 11 furniture furniture NN 35419 4731 12 manufacture manufacture NN 35419 4731 13 . . . 35419 4732 1 ( ( -LRB- 35419 4732 2 Harwood Harwood NNP 35419 4732 3 , , , 35419 4732 4 _ _ NNP 35419 4732 5 The the DT 35419 4732 6 New New NNP 35419 4732 7 Earth Earth NNP 35419 4732 8 _ _ NNP 35419 4732 9 , , , 35419 4732 10 p. p. NN 35419 4733 1 179 179 CD 35419 4733 2 . . . 35419 4733 3 ) ) -RRB- 35419 4734 1 Nature nature NN 35419 4734 2 provides provide VBZ 35419 4734 3 in in IN 35419 4734 4 the the DT 35419 4734 5 forest forest NN 35419 4734 6 merely merely RB 35419 4734 7 those those DT 35419 4734 8 varieties variety NNS 35419 4734 9 that that WDT 35419 4734 10 will will MD 35419 4734 11 survive survive VB 35419 4734 12 . . . 35419 4735 1 Man man NN 35419 4735 2 , , , 35419 4735 3 by by IN 35419 4735 4 interfering interfere VBG 35419 4735 5 in in IN 35419 4735 6 Nature Nature NNP 35419 4735 7 's 's POS 35419 4735 8 processes process NNS 35419 4735 9 but but CC 35419 4735 10 obeying obey VBG 35419 4735 11 her -PRON- PRP$ 35419 4735 12 laws law NNS 35419 4735 13 , , , 35419 4735 14 raises raise VBZ 35419 4735 15 what what WP 35419 4735 16 he -PRON- PRP 35419 4735 17 wants want VBZ 35419 4735 18 . . . 35419 4736 1 Nature nature NN 35419 4736 2 says say VBZ 35419 4736 3 : : : 35419 4736 4 those those DT 35419 4736 5 trees tree NNS 35419 4736 6 that that WDT 35419 4736 7 survive survive VBP 35419 4736 8 are be VBP 35419 4736 9 fit fit JJ 35419 4736 10 and and CC 35419 4736 11 does do VBZ 35419 4736 12 not not RB 35419 4736 13 care care VB 35419 4736 14 whether whether IN 35419 4736 15 the the DT 35419 4736 16 trees tree NNS 35419 4736 17 be be VB 35419 4736 18 straight straight JJ 35419 4736 19 or or CC 35419 4736 20 crooked crooked JJ 35419 4736 21 , , , 35419 4736 22 branched branched JJ 35419 4736 23 or or CC 35419 4736 24 clear clear JJ 35419 4736 25 . . . 35419 4737 1 Man Man NNP 35419 4737 2 says say VBZ 35419 4737 3 : : : 35419 4737 4 those those DT 35419 4737 5 trees tree NNS 35419 4737 6 shall shall MD 35419 4737 7 survive survive VB 35419 4737 8 which which WDT 35419 4737 9 are be VBP 35419 4737 10 fit fit JJ 35419 4737 11 for for IN 35419 4737 12 human human JJ 35419 4737 13 uses use NNS 35419 4737 14 . . . 35419 4738 1 Man man NN 35419 4738 2 raises raise VBZ 35419 4738 3 better well JJR 35419 4738 4 grains grain NNS 35419 4738 5 and and CC 35419 4738 6 fruits fruit NNS 35419 4738 7 and and CC 35419 4738 8 vegetables vegetable NNS 35419 4738 9 than than IN 35419 4738 10 Nature nature NN 35419 4738 11 , , , 35419 4738 12 unaided unaide VBN 35419 4738 13 , , , 35419 4738 14 can can MD 35419 4738 15 , , , 35419 4738 16 and and CC 35419 4738 17 , , , 35419 4738 18 in in IN 35419 4738 19 Europe Europe NNP 35419 4738 20 , , , 35419 4738 21 better well JJR 35419 4738 22 trees tree NNS 35419 4738 23 for for IN 35419 4738 24 lumber lumber NN 35419 4738 25 . . . 35419 4739 1 In in IN 35419 4739 2 America America NNP 35419 4739 3 there there EX 35419 4739 4 has have VBZ 35419 4739 5 been be VBN 35419 4739 6 such such PDT 35419 4739 7 an an DT 35419 4739 8 abundance abundance NN 35419 4739 9 of of IN 35419 4739 10 trees tree NNS 35419 4739 11 good good JJ 35419 4739 12 enough enough RB 35419 4739 13 for for IN 35419 4739 14 our -PRON- PRP$ 35419 4739 15 purposes purpose NNS 35419 4739 16 that that WDT 35419 4739 17 we -PRON- PRP 35419 4739 18 have have VBP 35419 4739 19 simply simply RB 35419 4739 20 gone go VBN 35419 4739 21 out out RP 35419 4739 22 and and CC 35419 4739 23 gathered gather VBD 35419 4739 24 them -PRON- PRP 35419 4739 25 , , , 35419 4739 26 just just RB 35419 4739 27 as as IN 35419 4739 28 a a DT 35419 4739 29 savage savage NN 35419 4739 30 goes go VBZ 35419 4739 31 out out RP 35419 4739 32 to to TO 35419 4739 33 gather gather VB 35419 4739 34 berries berry NNS 35419 4739 35 and and CC 35419 4739 36 nuts nut NNS 35419 4739 37 . . . 35419 4740 1 Some some DT 35419 4740 2 day day NN 35419 4740 3 our -PRON- PRP$ 35419 4740 4 descendants descendant NNS 35419 4740 5 will will MD 35419 4740 6 smile smile VB 35419 4740 7 at at IN 35419 4740 8 our -PRON- PRP$ 35419 4740 9 treatment treatment NN 35419 4740 10 of of IN 35419 4740 11 forests forest NNS 35419 4740 12 much much RB 35419 4740 13 as as IN 35419 4740 14 we -PRON- PRP 35419 4740 15 smile smile VBP 35419 4740 16 at at IN 35419 4740 17 root root NN 35419 4740 18 - - HYPH 35419 4740 19 digging dig VBG 35419 4740 20 savages savage NNS 35419 4740 21 , , , 35419 4740 22 unless unless IN 35419 4740 23 , , , 35419 4740 24 indeed indeed RB 35419 4740 25 , , , 35419 4740 26 we -PRON- PRP 35419 4740 27 so so RB 35419 4740 28 far far RB 35419 4740 29 destroy destroy VBP 35419 4740 30 the the DT 35419 4740 31 forests forest NNS 35419 4740 32 that that IN 35419 4740 33 they -PRON- PRP 35419 4740 34 will will MD 35419 4740 35 be be VB 35419 4740 36 more more RBR 35419 4740 37 angered angered JJ 35419 4740 38 than than IN 35419 4740 39 amused amuse VBN 35419 4740 40 . . . 35419 4741 1 In in IN 35419 4741 2 Europe Europe NNP 35419 4741 3 and and CC 35419 4741 4 Japan Japan NNP 35419 4741 5 , , , 35419 4741 6 the the DT 35419 4741 7 original original JJ 35419 4741 8 supply supply NN 35419 4741 9 of of IN 35419 4741 10 trees tree NNS 35419 4741 11 having have VBG 35419 4741 12 been be VBN 35419 4741 13 exhausted exhaust VBN 35419 4741 14 , , , 35419 4741 15 forests forest NNS 35419 4741 16 have have VBP 35419 4741 17 been be VBN 35419 4741 18 cultivated cultivate VBN 35419 4741 19 for for IN 35419 4741 20 centuries century NNS 35419 4741 21 with with IN 35419 4741 22 the the DT 35419 4741 23 purpose purpose NN 35419 4741 24 of of IN 35419 4741 25 raising raise VBG 35419 4741 26 crops crop NNS 35419 4741 27 larger large JJR 35419 4741 28 in in IN 35419 4741 29 quantity quantity NN 35419 4741 30 and and CC 35419 4741 31 better well JJR 35419 4741 32 in in IN 35419 4741 33 quality quality NN 35419 4741 34 . . . 35419 4742 1 There there EX 35419 4742 2 are be VBP 35419 4742 3 various various JJ 35419 4742 4 methods method NNS 35419 4742 5 used use VBN 35419 4742 6 in in IN 35419 4742 7 forest forest NN 35419 4742 8 improvement improvement NN 35419 4742 9 . . . 35419 4743 1 Improvement improvement NN 35419 4743 2 cuttings cutting NNS 35419 4743 3 , , , 35419 4743 4 as as IN 35419 4743 5 the the DT 35419 4743 6 name name NN 35419 4743 7 implies imply VBZ 35419 4743 8 , , , 35419 4743 9 are be VBP 35419 4743 10 cuttings cutting NNS 35419 4743 11 made make VBN 35419 4743 12 to to TO 35419 4743 13 improve improve VB 35419 4743 14 the the DT 35419 4743 15 quality quality NN 35419 4743 16 of of IN 35419 4743 17 the the DT 35419 4743 18 forest forest NN 35419 4743 19 , , , 35419 4743 20 whether whether IN 35419 4743 21 by by IN 35419 4743 22 thinning thin VBG 35419 4743 23 out out RP 35419 4743 24 poor poor JJ 35419 4743 25 species specie NNS 35419 4743 26 of of IN 35419 4743 27 trees tree NNS 35419 4743 28 , , , 35419 4743 29 unsound unsound JJ 35419 4743 30 trees tree NNS 35419 4743 31 , , , 35419 4743 32 trees tree NNS 35419 4743 33 crowding crowd VBG 35419 4743 34 more more RBR 35419 4743 35 valuable valuable JJ 35419 4743 36 ones one NNS 35419 4743 37 , , , 35419 4743 38 or or CC 35419 4743 39 trees tree NNS 35419 4743 40 called call VBN 35419 4743 41 " " `` 35419 4743 42 wolves wolf NNS 35419 4743 43 " " '' 35419 4743 44 ; ; : 35419 4743 45 that that RB 35419 4743 46 is is RB 35419 4743 47 , , , 35419 4743 48 trees tree NNS 35419 4743 49 unduly unduly RB 35419 4743 50 overshadowing overshadow VBG 35419 4743 51 others other NNS 35419 4743 52 . . . 35419 4744 1 Improvement improvement NN 35419 4744 2 cuttings cutting NNS 35419 4744 3 are be VBP 35419 4744 4 often often RB 35419 4744 5 necessary necessary JJ 35419 4744 6 as as IN 35419 4744 7 a a DT 35419 4744 8 preliminary preliminary JJ 35419 4744 9 step step NN 35419 4744 10 before before IN 35419 4744 11 any any DT 35419 4744 12 silvicultural silvicultural JJ 35419 4744 13 system system NN 35419 4744 14 can can MD 35419 4744 15 be be VB 35419 4744 16 applied apply VBN 35419 4744 17 . . . 35419 4745 1 Indeed indeed RB 35419 4745 2 , , , 35419 4745 3 many many JJ 35419 4745 4 of of IN 35419 4745 5 the the DT 35419 4745 6 silvicultural silvicultural JJ 35419 4745 7 systems system NNS 35419 4745 8 involve involve VBP 35419 4745 9 steady steady JJ 35419 4745 10 improvement improvement NN 35419 4745 11 of of IN 35419 4745 12 the the DT 35419 4745 13 forest forest NN 35419 4745 14 . . . 35419 4746 1 The the DT 35419 4746 2 pruning pruning NN 35419 4746 3 of of IN 35419 4746 4 branches branch NNS 35419 4746 5 is be VBZ 35419 4746 6 a a DT 35419 4746 7 method method NN 35419 4746 8 of of IN 35419 4746 9 improvement improvement NN 35419 4746 10 , , , 35419 4746 11 carrying carry VBG 35419 4746 12 on on IN 35419 4746 13 the the DT 35419 4746 14 natural natural JJ 35419 4746 15 method method NN 35419 4746 16 by by IN 35419 4746 17 which which WDT 35419 4746 18 trees tree NNS 35419 4746 19 in in IN 35419 4746 20 a a DT 35419 4746 21 forest forest NN 35419 4746 22 clean clean JJ 35419 4746 23 themselves -PRON- PRP 35419 4746 24 of of IN 35419 4746 25 their -PRON- PRP$ 35419 4746 26 branches branch NNS 35419 4746 27 . . . 35419 4747 1 Seeds seed NNS 35419 4747 2 of of IN 35419 4747 3 valuable valuable JJ 35419 4747 4 species specie NNS 35419 4747 5 are be VBP 35419 4747 6 often often RB 35419 4747 7 sowed sow VBN 35419 4747 8 , , , 35419 4747 9 when when WRB 35419 4747 10 the the DT 35419 4747 11 conditions condition NNS 35419 4747 12 are be VBP 35419 4747 13 proper proper JJ 35419 4747 14 , , , 35419 4747 15 in in IN 35419 4747 16 order order NN 35419 4747 17 to to TO 35419 4747 18 introduce introduce VB 35419 4747 19 a a DT 35419 4747 20 valuable valuable JJ 35419 4747 21 species specie NNS 35419 4747 22 , , , 35419 4747 23 just just RB 35419 4747 24 as as IN 35419 4747 25 brooks brooks NNP 35419 4747 26 and and CC 35419 4747 27 ponds pond NNS 35419 4747 28 are be VBP 35419 4747 29 stocked stock VBN 35419 4747 30 with with IN 35419 4747 31 fine fine JJ 35419 4747 32 fish fish NN 35419 4747 33 . . . 35419 4748 1 In in IN 35419 4748 2 general general JJ 35419 4748 3 it -PRON- PRP 35419 4748 4 may may MD 35419 4748 5 be be VB 35419 4748 6 said say VBN 35419 4748 7 that that IN 35419 4748 8 improvement improvement NN 35419 4748 9 methods method NNS 35419 4748 10 are be VBP 35419 4748 11 only only RB 35419 4748 12 in in IN 35419 4748 13 their -PRON- PRP$ 35419 4748 14 infancy infancy NN 35419 4748 15 , , , 35419 4748 16 especially especially RB 35419 4748 17 in in IN 35419 4748 18 America America NNP 35419 4748 19 . . . 35419 4749 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 4749 2 Footnote footnote NN 35419 4749 3 1 1 CD 35419 4749 4 : : : 35419 4749 5 A a DT 35419 4749 6 concise concise JJ 35419 4749 7 and and CC 35419 4749 8 interesting interesting JJ 35419 4749 9 statement statement NN 35419 4749 10 of of IN 35419 4749 11 the the DT 35419 4749 12 relation relation NN 35419 4749 13 of of IN 35419 4749 14 the the DT 35419 4749 15 forest forest NN 35419 4749 16 to to TO 35419 4749 17 rain rain VB 35419 4749 18 and and CC 35419 4749 19 floods flood NNS 35419 4749 20 is be VBZ 35419 4749 21 to to TO 35419 4749 22 be be VB 35419 4749 23 found find VBN 35419 4749 24 in in IN 35419 4749 25 Pinchot pinchot NN 35419 4749 26 : : : 35419 4749 27 _ _ NNP 35419 4749 28 Primer Primer NNP 35419 4749 29 of of IN 35419 4749 30 Forestry Forestry NNP 35419 4749 31 _ _ NNP 35419 4749 32 , , , 35419 4749 33 Bulletin Bulletin NNP 35419 4749 34 No no UH 35419 4749 35 . . . 35419 4750 1 24 24 CD 35419 4750 2 , , , 35419 4750 3 Part Part NNP 35419 4750 4 II II NNP 35419 4750 5 , , , 35419 4750 6 Chap Chap NNP 35419 4750 7 . . . 35419 4751 1 III iii CD 35419 4751 2 . . . 35419 4751 3 ] ] -RRB- 35419 4752 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 4752 2 Footnote footnote NN 35419 4752 3 2 2 CD 35419 4752 4 : : : 35419 4752 5 For for IN 35419 4752 6 an an DT 35419 4752 7 interesting interesting JJ 35419 4752 8 account account NN 35419 4752 9 of of IN 35419 4752 10 an an DT 35419 4752 11 application application NN 35419 4752 12 of of IN 35419 4752 13 this this DT 35419 4752 14 method method NN 35419 4752 15 , , , 35419 4752 16 see see VB 35419 4752 17 Ward Ward NNP 35419 4752 18 , , , 35419 4752 19 p. p. NN 35419 4753 1 35 35 CD 35419 4753 2 . . . 35419 4753 3 ] ] -RRB- 35419 4754 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 4754 2 Footnote footnote NN 35419 4754 3 3 3 CD 35419 4754 4 : : : 35419 4754 5 To to TO 35419 4754 6 encourage encourage VB 35419 4754 7 such such JJ 35419 4754 8 forest forest NN 35419 4754 9 extension extension NN 35419 4754 10 , , , 35419 4754 11 the the DT 35419 4754 12 Forest Forest NNP 35419 4754 13 Service Service NNP 35419 4754 14 is be VBZ 35419 4754 15 doing do VBG 35419 4754 16 much much RB 35419 4754 17 by by IN 35419 4754 18 the the DT 35419 4754 19 publication publication NN 35419 4754 20 of of IN 35419 4754 21 bulletins bulletin NNS 35419 4754 22 recommending recommend VBG 35419 4754 23 methods method NNS 35419 4754 24 and and CC 35419 4754 25 trees tree NNS 35419 4754 26 suited suit VBN 35419 4754 27 to to IN 35419 4754 28 special special JJ 35419 4754 29 regions region NNS 35419 4754 30 , , , 35419 4754 31 as as IN 35419 4754 32 , , , 35419 4754 33 e.g. e.g. RB 35419 4754 34 , , , 35419 4754 35 on on IN 35419 4754 36 Forest Forest NNP 35419 4754 37 Planting Planting NNP 35419 4754 38 in in IN 35419 4754 39 Illinois Illinois NNP 35419 4754 40 , , , 35419 4754 41 in in IN 35419 4754 42 the the DT 35419 4754 43 Sand Sand NNP 35419 4754 44 Hill Hill NNP 35419 4754 45 Region Region NNP 35419 4754 46 of of IN 35419 4754 47 Nebraska Nebraska NNP 35419 4754 48 , , , 35419 4754 49 on on IN 35419 4754 50 Coal Coal NNP 35419 4754 51 Lands Lands NNP 35419 4754 52 in in IN 35419 4754 53 Western Western NNP 35419 4754 54 Pennsylvania Pennsylvania NNP 35419 4754 55 , , , 35419 4754 56 in in IN 35419 4754 57 Western Western NNP 35419 4754 58 Kansas Kansas NNP 35419 4754 59 , , , 35419 4754 60 in in IN 35419 4754 61 Oklahoma Oklahoma NNP 35419 4754 62 and and CC 35419 4754 63 adjacent adjacent JJ 35419 4754 64 regions region NNS 35419 4754 65 , , , 35419 4754 66 etc etc FW 35419 4754 67 . . . 35419 4754 68 ] ] -RRB- 35419 4755 1 THE the DT 35419 4755 2 USE USE NNP 35419 4755 3 OF of IN 35419 4755 4 THE the DT 35419 4755 5 FOREST FOREST NNP 35419 4755 6 . . . 35419 4756 1 REFERENCES:[A references:[a LS 35419 4756 2 ] ] -RRB- 35419 4756 3 I i NN 35419 4756 4 Utilization utilization NN 35419 4756 5 . . . 35419 4757 1 Pinchot pinchot JJ 35419 4757 2 , , , 35419 4757 3 _ _ NNP 35419 4757 4 Primer Primer NNP 35419 4757 5 _ _ NNP 35419 4757 6 , , , 35419 4757 7 II II NNP 35419 4757 8 , , , 35419 4757 9 pp pp NNP 35419 4757 10 . . . 35419 4758 1 14 14 CD 35419 4758 2 - - SYM 35419 4758 3 18 18 CD 35419 4758 4 , , , 35419 4758 5 38 38 CD 35419 4758 6 - - SYM 35419 4758 7 48 48 CD 35419 4758 8 . . . 35419 4759 1 Bruncken Bruncken NNP 35419 4759 2 , , , 35419 4759 3 pp pp ADD 35419 4759 4 . . . 35419 4760 1 121 121 CD 35419 4760 2 - - SYM 35419 4760 3 131 131 CD 35419 4760 4 , , , 35419 4760 5 _ _ NNP 35419 4760 6 For for IN 35419 4760 7 . . . 35419 4761 1 Bull Bull NNP 35419 4761 2 . . . 35419 4761 3 _ _ NNP 35419 4761 4 No no UH 35419 4761 5 . . . 35419 4762 1 61 61 CD 35419 4762 2 . . . 35419 4763 1 ( ( -LRB- 35419 4763 2 1 1 LS 35419 4763 3 ) ) -RRB- 35419 4763 4 Protective Protective NNP 35419 4763 5 . . . 35419 4764 1 Pinchot pinchot JJ 35419 4764 2 , , , 35419 4764 3 _ _ NNP 35419 4764 4 Primer Primer NNP 35419 4764 5 _ _ NNP 35419 4764 6 , , , 35419 4764 7 II II NNP 35419 4764 8 , , , 35419 4764 9 pp pp NNP 35419 4764 10 . . . 35419 4765 1 66 66 CD 35419 4765 2 - - SYM 35419 4765 3 73 73 CD 35419 4765 4 . . . 35419 4766 1 Craft Craft NNP 35419 4766 2 , , , 35419 4766 3 _ _ NNP 35419 4766 4 Agric Agric NNP 35419 4766 5 . . . 35419 4767 1 Yr yr UH 35419 4767 2 . . . 35419 4767 3 Bk Bk NNP 35419 4767 4 . . . 35419 4767 5 _ _ NNP 35419 4767 6 , , , 35419 4767 7 1905 1905 CD 35419 4767 8 , , , 35419 4767 9 pp pp NNP 35419 4767 10 . . . 35419 4768 1 636 636 CD 35419 4768 2 - - SYM 35419 4768 3 641 641 CD 35419 4768 4 , , , 35419 4768 5 ( ( -LRB- 35419 4768 6 Map Map NNP 35419 4768 7 . . . 35419 4769 1 p. p. NN 35419 4770 1 639 639 CD 35419 4770 2 . . . 35419 4770 3 ) ) -RRB- 35419 4771 1 Toumey Toumey NNP 35419 4771 2 , , , 35419 4771 3 _ _ NNP 35419 4771 4 Agric Agric NNP 35419 4771 5 . . . 35419 4772 1 Yr yr UH 35419 4772 2 . . . 35419 4772 3 Bk Bk NNP 35419 4772 4 . . . 35419 4772 5 _ _ NNP 35419 4772 6 , , , 35419 4772 7 1903 1903 CD 35419 4772 8 , , , 35419 4772 9 p. p. NN 35419 4772 10 279 279 CD 35419 4772 11 . . . 35419 4773 1 Bruncken Bruncken NNP 35419 4773 2 , , , 35419 4773 3 pp pp ADD 35419 4773 4 . . . 35419 4774 1 166 166 CD 35419 4774 2 - - SYM 35419 4774 3 173 173 CD 35419 4774 4 . . . 35419 4775 1 _ _ NNP 35419 4775 2 For for IN 35419 4775 3 . . . 35419 4776 1 and and CC 35419 4776 2 Irrig Irrig NNP 35419 4776 3 . . . 35419 4776 4 _ _ NNP 35419 4776 5 , , , 35419 4776 6 passim passim NNP 35419 4776 7 . . . 35419 4777 1 Shaler Shaler NNP 35419 4777 2 , , , 35419 4777 3 I -PRON- PRP 35419 4777 4 , , , 35419 4777 5 pp pp NNP 35419 4777 6 . . . 35419 4778 1 485 485 CD 35419 4778 2 - - SYM 35419 4778 3 489 489 CD 35419 4778 4 . . . 35419 4779 1 ( ( -LRB- 35419 4779 2 2 2 LS 35419 4779 3 ) ) -RRB- 35419 4779 4 Productive Productive NNP 35419 4779 5 . . . 35419 4780 1 Kellogg Kellogg NNP 35419 4780 2 , , , 35419 4780 3 _ _ NNP 35419 4780 4 For for IN 35419 4780 5 . . . 35419 4781 1 Bull Bull NNP 35419 4781 2 . . . 35419 4781 3 _ _ NNP 35419 4781 4 , , , 35419 4781 5 No no UH 35419 4781 6 . . . 35419 4782 1 74 74 CD 35419 4782 2 , , , 35419 4782 3 Fernow Fernow NNP 35419 4782 4 , , , 35419 4782 5 _ _ NNP 35419 4782 6 For for IN 35419 4782 7 . . . 35419 4783 1 Invest invest VB 35419 4783 2 . . . 35419 4783 3 _ _ NNP 35419 4783 4 , , , 35419 4783 5 p. p. NN 35419 4783 6 9 9 CD 35419 4783 7 . . . 35419 4784 1 Roth Roth NNP 35419 4784 2 , , , 35419 4784 3 _ _ NNP 35419 4784 4 First First NNP 35419 4784 5 Book Book NNP 35419 4784 6 _ _ NNP 35419 4784 7 , , , 35419 4784 8 p. p. NN 35419 4784 9 133 133 CD 35419 4784 10 . . . 35419 4785 1 Zon Zon NNP 35419 4785 2 & & CC 35419 4785 3 Clark Clark NNP 35419 4785 4 , , , 35419 4785 5 _ _ NNP 35419 4785 6 Agric Agric NNP 35419 4785 7 . . . 35419 4786 1 Yr yr UH 35419 4786 2 . . . 35419 4786 3 Bk Bk NNP 35419 4786 4 . . . 35419 4786 5 _ _ NNP 35419 4786 6 , , , 35419 4786 7 1907 1907 CD 35419 4786 8 , , , 35419 4786 9 p. p. NN 35419 4786 10 277 277 CD 35419 4786 11 . . . 35419 4787 1 Boulger boulger NN 35419 4787 2 , , , 35419 4787 3 pp pp NNP 35419 4787 4 . . . 35419 4788 1 60 60 CD 35419 4788 2 - - SYM 35419 4788 3 76 76 CD 35419 4788 4 . . . 35419 4789 1 Roth Roth NNP 35419 4789 2 , , , 35419 4789 3 _ _ NNP 35419 4789 4 Agric Agric NNP 35419 4789 5 . . . 35419 4790 1 Yr yr UH 35419 4790 2 . . . 35419 4790 3 Bk Bk NNP 35419 4790 4 . . . 35419 4790 5 _ _ NNP 35419 4790 6 , , , 35419 4790 7 1896 1896 CD 35419 4790 8 , , , 35419 4790 9 p. p. NN 35419 4790 10 391 391 CD 35419 4790 11 . . . 35419 4791 1 Fernow Fernow NNP 35419 4791 2 , , , 35419 4791 3 _ _ NNP 35419 4791 4 Economics Economics NNP 35419 4791 5 _ _ NNP 35419 4791 6 , , , 35419 4791 7 pp pp NNP 35419 4791 8 . . . 35419 4792 1 23 23 CD 35419 4792 2 - - SYM 35419 4792 3 33 33 CD 35419 4792 4 . . . 35419 4793 1 ( ( -LRB- 35419 4793 2 3 3 LS 35419 4793 3 ) ) -RRB- 35419 4793 4 Esthetic esthetic NN 35419 4793 5 . . . 35419 4794 1 Roth Roth NNP 35419 4794 2 , , , 35419 4794 3 _ _ NNP 35419 4794 4 First First NNP 35419 4794 5 Book Book NNP 35419 4794 6 _ _ NNP 35419 4794 7 , , , 35419 4794 8 p. p. NN 35419 4794 9 180 180 CD 35419 4794 10 . . . 35419 4795 1 II II NNP 35419 4795 2 Preservation Preservation NNP 35419 4795 3 . . . 35419 4796 1 Pinchot pinchot JJ 35419 4796 2 , , , 35419 4796 3 _ _ NNP 35419 4796 4 Primer Primer NNP 35419 4796 5 _ _ NNP 35419 4796 6 , , , 35419 4796 7 II II NNP 35419 4796 8 , , , 35419 4796 9 pp pp NNP 35419 4796 10 . . . 35419 4797 1 18 18 CD 35419 4797 2 - - SYM 35419 4797 3 36 36 CD 35419 4797 4 . . . 35419 4798 1 Bruncken Bruncken NNP 35419 4798 2 , , , 35419 4798 3 pp pp ADD 35419 4798 4 . . . 35419 4799 1 95 95 CD 35419 4799 2 , , , 35419 4799 3 190 190 CD 35419 4799 4 . . . 35419 4800 1 Graves grave NNS 35419 4800 2 , , , 35419 4800 3 _ _ NNP 35419 4800 4 For for IN 35419 4800 5 . . . 35419 4801 1 Bull Bull NNP 35419 4801 2 . . . 35419 4801 3 _ _ NNP 35419 4801 4 , , , 35419 4801 5 No no UH 35419 4801 6 . . . 35419 4802 1 26 26 CD 35419 4802 2 , , , 35419 4802 3 pp pp NNP 35419 4802 4 . . . 35419 4803 1 67 67 CD 35419 4803 2 - - SYM 35419 4803 3 70 70 CD 35419 4803 4 . . . 35419 4804 1 Roth Roth NNP 35419 4804 2 , , , 35419 4804 3 _ _ NNP 35419 4804 4 First First NNP 35419 4804 5 Book Book NNP 35419 4804 6 _ _ NNP 35419 4804 7 , , , 35419 4804 8 pp pp NNP 35419 4804 9 . . . 35419 4805 1 41 41 CD 35419 4805 2 - - SYM 35419 4805 3 76 76 CD 35419 4805 4 , , , 35419 4805 5 193 193 CD 35419 4805 6 - - SYM 35419 4805 7 194 194 CD 35419 4805 8 . . . 35419 4806 1 Roth Roth NNP 35419 4806 2 , , , 35419 4806 3 _ _ NNP 35419 4806 4 For for IN 35419 4806 5 . . . 35419 4807 1 Bull Bull NNP 35419 4807 2 . . . 35419 4807 3 _ _ NNP 35419 4807 4 , , , 35419 4807 5 No no UH 35419 4807 6 . . . 35419 4808 1 16 16 CD 35419 4808 2 , , , 35419 4808 3 pp pp NNP 35419 4808 4 . . . 35419 4809 1 8 8 CD 35419 4809 2 , , , 35419 4809 3 9 9 CD 35419 4809 4 . . . 35419 4810 1 Fernow Fernow NNP 35419 4810 2 , , , 35419 4810 3 _ _ NNP 35419 4810 4 Economics Economics NNP 35419 4810 5 _ _ NNP 35419 4810 6 , , , 35419 4810 7 165 165 CD 35419 4810 8 - - SYM 35419 4810 9 196 196 CD 35419 4810 10 . . . 35419 4811 1 Planting planting NN 35419 4811 2 . . . 35419 4812 1 Roth Roth NNP 35419 4812 2 , , , 35419 4812 3 _ _ NNP 35419 4812 4 First First NNP 35419 4812 5 Book Book NNP 35419 4812 6 _ _ NNP 35419 4812 7 , , , 35419 4812 8 pp pp NNP 35419 4812 9 . . . 35419 4813 1 76 76 CD 35419 4813 2 - - SYM 35419 4813 3 94 94 CD 35419 4813 4 , , , 35419 4813 5 195 195 CD 35419 4813 6 - - SYM 35419 4813 7 198 198 CD 35419 4813 8 . . . 35419 4814 1 Hall Hall NNP 35419 4814 2 , , , 35419 4814 3 _ _ NNP 35419 4814 4 Agric Agric NNP 35419 4814 5 . . . 35419 4815 1 Yr yr UH 35419 4815 2 . . . 35419 4815 3 Bk Bk NNP 35419 4815 4 . . . 35419 4815 5 _ _ NNP 35419 4815 6 , , , 35419 4815 7 1902 1902 CD 35419 4815 8 , , , 35419 4815 9 pp pp NNP 35419 4815 10 . . . 35419 4816 1 145 145 CD 35419 4816 2 - - SYM 35419 4816 3 156 156 CD 35419 4816 4 . . . 35419 4817 1 _ _ NNP 35419 4817 2 For for IN 35419 4817 3 . . . 35419 4818 1 Circs circs UH 35419 4818 2 . . . 35419 4818 3 _ _ NNP 35419 4818 4 , , , 35419 4818 5 Nos Nos NNP 35419 4818 6 . . . 35419 4819 1 37 37 CD 35419 4819 2 , , , 35419 4819 3 41 41 CD 35419 4819 4 , , , 35419 4819 5 45 45 CD 35419 4819 6 , , , 35419 4819 7 81 81 CD 35419 4819 8 . . . 35419 4820 1 Bruncken Bruncken NNP 35419 4820 2 , , , 35419 4820 3 pp pp ADD 35419 4820 4 . . . 35419 4821 1 92 92 CD 35419 4821 2 , , , 35419 4821 3 133 133 CD 35419 4821 4 . . . 35419 4822 1 _ _ NNP 35419 4822 2 Forestry Forestry NNP 35419 4822 3 Bulletins Bulletins NNPS 35419 4822 4 _ _ NNP 35419 4822 5 Nos Nos NNP 35419 4822 6 . . . 35419 4823 1 18 18 CD 35419 4823 2 , , , 35419 4823 3 45 45 CD 35419 4823 4 , , , 35419 4823 5 52 52 CD 35419 4823 6 , , , 35419 4823 7 65 65 CD 35419 4823 8 . . . 35419 4824 1 III iii CD 35419 4824 2 Improvement improvement NN 35419 4824 3 . . . 35419 4825 1 Bruncken Bruncken NNP 35419 4825 2 , , , 35419 4825 3 pp pp ADD 35419 4825 4 . . . 35419 4826 1 134 134 CD 35419 4826 2 - - SYM 35419 4826 3 135 135 CD 35419 4826 4 , , , 35419 4826 5 152 152 CD 35419 4826 6 - - SYM 35419 4826 7 160 160 CD 35419 4826 8 . . . 35419 4827 1 Graves grave NNS 35419 4827 2 , , , 35419 4827 3 _ _ NNP 35419 4827 4 For for IN 35419 4827 5 . . . 35419 4828 1 Bull Bull NNP 35419 4828 2 . . . 35419 4828 3 _ _ NNP 35419 4828 4 , , , 35419 4828 5 No no UH 35419 4828 6 . . . 35419 4829 1 26 26 CD 35419 4829 2 , , , 35419 4829 3 p. p. NN 35419 4829 4 39 39 CD 35419 4829 5 . . . 35419 4830 1 Pinchot pinchot JJ 35419 4830 2 , , , 35419 4830 3 _ _ NNP 35419 4830 4 Adirondack Adirondack NNP 35419 4830 5 Spruce Spruce NNP 35419 4830 6 _ _ NNP 35419 4830 7 , , , 35419 4830 8 p. p. NN 35419 4830 9 4 4 CD 35419 4830 10 . . . 35419 4831 1 Harwood Harwood NNP 35419 4831 2 , , , 35419 4831 3 pp pp NNP 35419 4831 4 . . . 35419 4832 1 143 143 CD 35419 4832 2 - - SYM 35419 4832 3 181 181 CD 35419 4832 4 . . . 35419 4833 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 4833 2 Footnote Footnote NNP 35419 4833 3 A A NNP 35419 4833 4 : : : 35419 4833 5 For for IN 35419 4833 6 general general JJ 35419 4833 7 bibliography bibliography NN 35419 4833 8 , , , 35419 4833 9 see see VB 35419 4833 10 p. p. NN 35419 4834 1 4 4 LS 35419 4834 2 . . . 35419 4834 3 ] ] -RRB- 35419 4835 1 APPENDIX APPENDIX NNP 35419 4835 2 . . . 35419 4836 1 HOW how WRB 35419 4836 2 TO to TO 35419 4836 3 DISTINGUISH distinguish VB 35419 4836 4 THE the DT 35419 4836 5 DIFFERENT different JJ 35419 4836 6 KINDS kind NNS 35419 4836 7 OF of IN 35419 4836 8 WOOD wood NN 35419 4836 9 . . . 35419 4837 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 4837 2 A a NN 35419 4837 3 ] ] -RRB- 35419 4837 4 BY BY NNP 35419 4837 5 B. B. NNP 35419 4837 6 E. E. NNP 35419 4837 7 FERNOW FERNOW NNP 35419 4837 8 AND and CC 35419 4837 9 FILIBERT filibert NN 35419 4837 10 ROTH ROTH NNP 35419 4837 11 . . . 35419 4838 1 The the DT 35419 4838 2 carpenter carpenter NN 35419 4838 3 or or CC 35419 4838 4 other other JJ 35419 4838 5 artisan artisan FW 35419 4838 6 who who WP 35419 4838 7 handles handle VBZ 35419 4838 8 different different JJ 35419 4838 9 woods wood NNS 35419 4838 10 , , , 35419 4838 11 becomes become VBZ 35419 4838 12 familiar familiar JJ 35419 4838 13 with with IN 35419 4838 14 those those DT 35419 4838 15 he -PRON- PRP 35419 4838 16 employs employ VBZ 35419 4838 17 frequently frequently RB 35419 4838 18 , , , 35419 4838 19 and and CC 35419 4838 20 learns learn VBZ 35419 4838 21 to to TO 35419 4838 22 distinguish distinguish VB 35419 4838 23 them -PRON- PRP 35419 4838 24 thru thru IN 35419 4838 25 this this DT 35419 4838 26 familiarity familiarity NN 35419 4838 27 , , , 35419 4838 28 without without IN 35419 4838 29 usually usually RB 35419 4838 30 being be VBG 35419 4838 31 able able JJ 35419 4838 32 to to TO 35419 4838 33 state state VB 35419 4838 34 the the DT 35419 4838 35 points point NNS 35419 4838 36 of of IN 35419 4838 37 distinction distinction NN 35419 4838 38 . . . 35419 4839 1 If if IN 35419 4839 2 a a DT 35419 4839 3 wood wood NN 35419 4839 4 comes come VBZ 35419 4839 5 before before IN 35419 4839 6 him -PRON- PRP 35419 4839 7 with with IN 35419 4839 8 which which WDT 35419 4839 9 he -PRON- PRP 35419 4839 10 is be VBZ 35419 4839 11 not not RB 35419 4839 12 familiar familiar JJ 35419 4839 13 , , , 35419 4839 14 he -PRON- PRP 35419 4839 15 has have VBZ 35419 4839 16 , , , 35419 4839 17 of of IN 35419 4839 18 course course NN 35419 4839 19 , , , 35419 4839 20 no no DT 35419 4839 21 means means NN 35419 4839 22 of of IN 35419 4839 23 determining determine VBG 35419 4839 24 what what WP 35419 4839 25 it -PRON- PRP 35419 4839 26 is be VBZ 35419 4839 27 , , , 35419 4839 28 and and CC 35419 4839 29 it -PRON- PRP 35419 4839 30 is be VBZ 35419 4839 31 possible possible JJ 35419 4839 32 to to TO 35419 4839 33 select select VB 35419 4839 34 pieces piece NNS 35419 4839 35 even even RB 35419 4839 36 of of IN 35419 4839 37 those those DT 35419 4839 38 with with IN 35419 4839 39 which which WDT 35419 4839 40 he -PRON- PRP 35419 4839 41 is be VBZ 35419 4839 42 well well RB 35419 4839 43 acquainted acquaint VBN 35419 4839 44 , , , 35419 4839 45 different different JJ 35419 4839 46 in in IN 35419 4839 47 appearance appearance NN 35419 4839 48 from from IN 35419 4839 49 the the DT 35419 4839 50 general general JJ 35419 4839 51 run run NN 35419 4839 52 , , , 35419 4839 53 that that WDT 35419 4839 54 will will MD 35419 4839 55 make make VB 35419 4839 56 him -PRON- PRP 35419 4839 57 doubtful doubtful JJ 35419 4839 58 as as IN 35419 4839 59 to to IN 35419 4839 60 their -PRON- PRP$ 35419 4839 61 identification identification NN 35419 4839 62 . . . 35419 4840 1 Furthermore furthermore RB 35419 4840 2 , , , 35419 4840 3 he -PRON- PRP 35419 4840 4 may may MD 35419 4840 5 distinguish distinguish VB 35419 4840 6 between between IN 35419 4840 7 hard hard JJ 35419 4840 8 and and CC 35419 4840 9 soft soft JJ 35419 4840 10 pines pine NNS 35419 4840 11 , , , 35419 4840 12 between between IN 35419 4840 13 oak oak NN 35419 4840 14 and and CC 35419 4840 15 ash ash NN 35419 4840 16 , , , 35419 4840 17 or or CC 35419 4840 18 between between IN 35419 4840 19 maple maple NN 35419 4840 20 and and CC 35419 4840 21 birch birch NNP 35419 4840 22 , , , 35419 4840 23 which which WDT 35419 4840 24 are be VBP 35419 4840 25 characteristically characteristically RB 35419 4840 26 different different JJ 35419 4840 27 ; ; : 35419 4840 28 but but CC 35419 4840 29 when when WRB 35419 4840 30 it -PRON- PRP 35419 4840 31 comes come VBZ 35419 4840 32 to to IN 35419 4840 33 distinguishing distinguish VBG 35419 4840 34 between between IN 35419 4840 35 the the DT 35419 4840 36 several several JJ 35419 4840 37 species specie NNS 35419 4840 38 of of IN 35419 4840 39 pine pine NN 35419 4840 40 or or CC 35419 4840 41 oak oak NN 35419 4840 42 or or CC 35419 4840 43 ash ash NN 35419 4840 44 or or CC 35419 4840 45 birch birch NNP 35419 4840 46 , , , 35419 4840 47 the the DT 35419 4840 48 absence absence NN 35419 4840 49 of of IN 35419 4840 50 readily readily RB 35419 4840 51 recognizable recognizable JJ 35419 4840 52 characters character NNS 35419 4840 53 is be VBZ 35419 4840 54 such such JJ 35419 4840 55 that that IN 35419 4840 56 but but CC 35419 4840 57 few few JJ 35419 4840 58 practitioners practitioner NNS 35419 4840 59 can can MD 35419 4840 60 be be VB 35419 4840 61 relied rely VBN 35419 4840 62 upon upon IN 35419 4840 63 to to TO 35419 4840 64 do do VB 35419 4840 65 it -PRON- PRP 35419 4840 66 . . . 35419 4841 1 Hence hence RB 35419 4841 2 , , , 35419 4841 3 in in IN 35419 4841 4 the the DT 35419 4841 5 market market NN 35419 4841 6 we -PRON- PRP 35419 4841 7 find find VBP 35419 4841 8 many many JJ 35419 4841 9 species specie NNS 35419 4841 10 mixed mix VBN 35419 4841 11 and and CC 35419 4841 12 sold sell VBN 35419 4841 13 indiscriminately indiscriminately RB 35419 4841 14 . . . 35419 4842 1 To to TO 35419 4842 2 identify identify VB 35419 4842 3 the the DT 35419 4842 4 different different JJ 35419 4842 5 woods wood NNS 35419 4842 6 it -PRON- PRP 35419 4842 7 is be VBZ 35419 4842 8 necessary necessary JJ 35419 4842 9 to to TO 35419 4842 10 have have VB 35419 4842 11 a a DT 35419 4842 12 knowledge knowledge NN 35419 4842 13 of of IN 35419 4842 14 the the DT 35419 4842 15 definite definite JJ 35419 4842 16 , , , 35419 4842 17 invariable invariable JJ 35419 4842 18 differences difference NNS 35419 4842 19 in in IN 35419 4842 20 their -PRON- PRP$ 35419 4842 21 structure structure NN 35419 4842 22 , , , 35419 4842 23 besides besides IN 35419 4842 24 that that DT 35419 4842 25 of of IN 35419 4842 26 the the DT 35419 4842 27 often often RB 35419 4842 28 variable variable JJ 35419 4842 29 differences difference NNS 35419 4842 30 in in IN 35419 4842 31 their -PRON- PRP$ 35419 4842 32 appearance appearance NN 35419 4842 33 . . . 35419 4843 1 These these DT 35419 4843 2 structural structural JJ 35419 4843 3 differences difference NNS 35419 4843 4 may may MD 35419 4843 5 either either CC 35419 4843 6 be be VB 35419 4843 7 readily readily RB 35419 4843 8 visible visible JJ 35419 4843 9 to to IN 35419 4843 10 the the DT 35419 4843 11 naked naked JJ 35419 4843 12 eye eye NN 35419 4843 13 or or CC 35419 4843 14 with with IN 35419 4843 15 a a DT 35419 4843 16 magnifier magnifier NN 35419 4843 17 , , , 35419 4843 18 or or CC 35419 4843 19 they -PRON- PRP 35419 4843 20 may may MD 35419 4843 21 require require VB 35419 4843 22 a a DT 35419 4843 23 microscopical microscopical JJ 35419 4843 24 examination examination NN 35419 4843 25 . . . 35419 4844 1 In in IN 35419 4844 2 some some DT 35419 4844 3 cases case NNS 35419 4844 4 such such PDT 35419 4844 5 an an DT 35419 4844 6 examination examination NN 35419 4844 7 can can MD 35419 4844 8 not not RB 35419 4844 9 be be VB 35419 4844 10 dispensed dispense VBN 35419 4844 11 with with IN 35419 4844 12 , , , 35419 4844 13 if if IN 35419 4844 14 we -PRON- PRP 35419 4844 15 would would MD 35419 4844 16 make make VB 35419 4844 17 absolutely absolutely RB 35419 4844 18 sure sure JJ 35419 4844 19 . . . 35419 4845 1 There there EX 35419 4845 2 are be VBP 35419 4845 3 instances instance NNS 35419 4845 4 , , , 35419 4845 5 as as IN 35419 4845 6 in in IN 35419 4845 7 the the DT 35419 4845 8 pines pine NNS 35419 4845 9 , , , 35419 4845 10 where where WRB 35419 4845 11 even even RB 35419 4845 12 our -PRON- PRP$ 35419 4845 13 knowledge knowledge NN 35419 4845 14 of of IN 35419 4845 15 the the DT 35419 4845 16 minute minute JJ 35419 4845 17 anatomical anatomical JJ 35419 4845 18 structure structure NN 35419 4845 19 is be VBZ 35419 4845 20 not not RB 35419 4845 21 yet yet RB 35419 4845 22 sufficient sufficient JJ 35419 4845 23 to to TO 35419 4845 24 make make VB 35419 4845 25 a a DT 35419 4845 26 sure sure JJ 35419 4845 27 identification identification NN 35419 4845 28 . . . 35419 4846 1 In in IN 35419 4846 2 the the DT 35419 4846 3 following follow VBG 35419 4846 4 key key NN 35419 4846 5 an an DT 35419 4846 6 attempt attempt NN 35419 4846 7 has have VBZ 35419 4846 8 been be VBN 35419 4846 9 made make VBN 35419 4846 10 -- -- : 35419 4846 11 the the DT 35419 4846 12 first first JJ 35419 4846 13 , , , 35419 4846 14 so so RB 35419 4846 15 far far RB 35419 4846 16 as as IN 35419 4846 17 we -PRON- PRP 35419 4846 18 know know VBP 35419 4846 19 , , , 35419 4846 20 in in IN 35419 4846 21 English english JJ 35419 4846 22 literature literature NN 35419 4846 23 -- -- : 35419 4846 24 to to TO 35419 4846 25 give give VB 35419 4846 26 a a DT 35419 4846 27 synoptical synoptical JJ 35419 4846 28 view view NN 35419 4846 29 of of IN 35419 4846 30 the the DT 35419 4846 31 distinctive distinctive JJ 35419 4846 32 features feature NNS 35419 4846 33 of of IN 35419 4846 34 the the DT 35419 4846 35 commoner commoner NN 35419 4846 36 woods wood NNS 35419 4846 37 of of IN 35419 4846 38 the the DT 35419 4846 39 United United NNP 35419 4846 40 States States NNP 35419 4846 41 , , , 35419 4846 42 which which WDT 35419 4846 43 are be VBP 35419 4846 44 found find VBN 35419 4846 45 in in IN 35419 4846 46 the the DT 35419 4846 47 markets market NNS 35419 4846 48 or or CC 35419 4846 49 are be VBP 35419 4846 50 used use VBN 35419 4846 51 in in IN 35419 4846 52 the the DT 35419 4846 53 arts art NNS 35419 4846 54 . . . 35419 4847 1 It -PRON- PRP 35419 4847 2 will will MD 35419 4847 3 be be VB 35419 4847 4 observed observe VBN 35419 4847 5 that that IN 35419 4847 6 the the DT 35419 4847 7 distinction distinction NN 35419 4847 8 has have VBZ 35419 4847 9 been be VBN 35419 4847 10 carried carry VBN 35419 4847 11 in in IN 35419 4847 12 most most JJS 35419 4847 13 instances instance NNS 35419 4847 14 no no RB 35419 4847 15 further further RB 35419 4847 16 than than IN 35419 4847 17 to to IN 35419 4847 18 genera genera NN 35419 4847 19 or or CC 35419 4847 20 classes class NNS 35419 4847 21 of of IN 35419 4847 22 woods wood NNS 35419 4847 23 , , , 35419 4847 24 since since IN 35419 4847 25 the the DT 35419 4847 26 distinction distinction NN 35419 4847 27 of of IN 35419 4847 28 species specie NNS 35419 4847 29 can can MD 35419 4847 30 hardly hardly RB 35419 4847 31 be be VB 35419 4847 32 accomplished accomplish VBN 35419 4847 33 without without IN 35419 4847 34 elaborate elaborate JJ 35419 4847 35 microscopic microscopic JJ 35419 4847 36 study study NN 35419 4847 37 , , , 35419 4847 38 and and CC 35419 4847 39 also also RB 35419 4847 40 that that DT 35419 4847 41 , , , 35419 4847 42 as as RB 35419 4847 43 far far RB 35419 4847 44 as as IN 35419 4847 45 possible possible JJ 35419 4847 46 , , , 35419 4847 47 reliance reliance NN 35419 4847 48 has have VBZ 35419 4847 49 been be VBN 35419 4847 50 placed place VBN 35419 4847 51 only only RB 35419 4847 52 on on IN 35419 4847 53 such such JJ 35419 4847 54 characteristics characteristic NNS 35419 4847 55 as as IN 35419 4847 56 can can MD 35419 4847 57 be be VB 35419 4847 58 distinguished distinguish VBN 35419 4847 59 with with IN 35419 4847 60 the the DT 35419 4847 61 naked naked JJ 35419 4847 62 eye eye NN 35419 4847 63 or or CC 35419 4847 64 a a DT 35419 4847 65 simple simple JJ 35419 4847 66 magnifying magnifying NN 35419 4847 67 glass glass NN 35419 4847 68 , , , 35419 4847 69 in in IN 35419 4847 70 order order NN 35419 4847 71 to to TO 35419 4847 72 make make VB 35419 4847 73 the the DT 35419 4847 74 key key JJ 35419 4847 75 useful useful JJ 35419 4847 76 to to IN 35419 4847 77 the the DT 35419 4847 78 largest large JJS 35419 4847 79 number number NN 35419 4847 80 . . . 35419 4848 1 Recourse Recourse NNP 35419 4848 2 has have VBZ 35419 4848 3 also also RB 35419 4848 4 been be VBN 35419 4848 5 taken take VBN 35419 4848 6 for for IN 35419 4848 7 the the DT 35419 4848 8 same same JJ 35419 4848 9 reason reason NN 35419 4848 10 to to IN 35419 4848 11 the the DT 35419 4848 12 less less RBR 35419 4848 13 reliable reliable JJ 35419 4848 14 and and CC 35419 4848 15 more more RBR 35419 4848 16 variable variable JJ 35419 4848 17 general general JJ 35419 4848 18 external external JJ 35419 4848 19 appearance appearance NN 35419 4848 20 , , , 35419 4848 21 color color NN 35419 4848 22 , , , 35419 4848 23 taste taste NN 35419 4848 24 , , , 35419 4848 25 smell smell NN 35419 4848 26 , , , 35419 4848 27 weight weight NN 35419 4848 28 , , , 35419 4848 29 etc etc FW 35419 4848 30 . . . 35419 4849 1 The the DT 35419 4849 2 user user NN 35419 4849 3 of of IN 35419 4849 4 the the DT 35419 4849 5 key key NN 35419 4849 6 must must NN 35419 4849 7 , , , 35419 4849 8 however however RB 35419 4849 9 , , , 35419 4849 10 realize realize VB 35419 4849 11 that that IN 35419 4849 12 external external JJ 35419 4849 13 appearance appearance NN 35419 4849 14 , , , 35419 4849 15 such such JJ 35419 4849 16 , , , 35419 4849 17 for for IN 35419 4849 18 example example NN 35419 4849 19 , , , 35419 4849 20 as as IN 35419 4849 21 color color NN 35419 4849 22 , , , 35419 4849 23 is be VBZ 35419 4849 24 not not RB 35419 4849 25 only only RB 35419 4849 26 very very RB 35419 4849 27 variable variable JJ 35419 4849 28 but but CC 35419 4849 29 also also RB 35419 4849 30 very very RB 35419 4849 31 difficult difficult JJ 35419 4849 32 to to TO 35419 4849 33 describe describe VB 35419 4849 34 , , , 35419 4849 35 individual individual JJ 35419 4849 36 observers observer NNS 35419 4849 37 differing differ VBG 35419 4849 38 especially especially RB 35419 4849 39 in in IN 35419 4849 40 seeing see VBG 35419 4849 41 and and CC 35419 4849 42 describing describe VBG 35419 4849 43 shades shade NNS 35419 4849 44 of of IN 35419 4849 45 color color NN 35419 4849 46 . . . 35419 4850 1 The the DT 35419 4850 2 same same JJ 35419 4850 3 is be VBZ 35419 4850 4 true true JJ 35419 4850 5 of of IN 35419 4850 6 statements statement NNS 35419 4850 7 of of IN 35419 4850 8 size size NN 35419 4850 9 , , , 35419 4850 10 when when WRB 35419 4850 11 relative relative JJ 35419 4850 12 , , , 35419 4850 13 and and CC 35419 4850 14 not not RB 35419 4850 15 accurately accurately RB 35419 4850 16 measured measure VBN 35419 4850 17 , , , 35419 4850 18 while while IN 35419 4850 19 weight weight NN 35419 4850 20 and and CC 35419 4850 21 hardness hardness NN 35419 4850 22 can can MD 35419 4850 23 perhaps perhaps RB 35419 4850 24 be be VB 35419 4850 25 more more RBR 35419 4850 26 readily readily RB 35419 4850 27 approximated approximate VBN 35419 4850 28 . . . 35419 4851 1 Whether whether IN 35419 4851 2 any any DT 35419 4851 3 feature feature NN 35419 4851 4 is be VBZ 35419 4851 5 distinctly distinctly RB 35419 4851 6 or or CC 35419 4851 7 only only RB 35419 4851 8 indistinctly indistinctly RB 35419 4851 9 seen see VBN 35419 4851 10 will will MD 35419 4851 11 also also RB 35419 4851 12 depend depend VB 35419 4851 13 somewhat somewhat RB 35419 4851 14 on on IN 35419 4851 15 individual individual JJ 35419 4851 16 eyesight eyesight NN 35419 4851 17 , , , 35419 4851 18 opinion opinion NN 35419 4851 19 , , , 35419 4851 20 or or CC 35419 4851 21 practice practice NN 35419 4851 22 . . . 35419 4852 1 In in IN 35419 4852 2 some some DT 35419 4852 3 cases case NNS 35419 4852 4 the the DT 35419 4852 5 resemblance resemblance NN 35419 4852 6 of of IN 35419 4852 7 different different JJ 35419 4852 8 species specie NNS 35419 4852 9 is be VBZ 35419 4852 10 so so RB 35419 4852 11 close close JJ 35419 4852 12 that that IN 35419 4852 13 only only RB 35419 4852 14 one one CD 35419 4852 15 other other JJ 35419 4852 16 expedient expedient NN 35419 4852 17 will will MD 35419 4852 18 make make VB 35419 4852 19 distinction distinction NN 35419 4852 20 possible possible JJ 35419 4852 21 , , , 35419 4852 22 namely namely RB 35419 4852 23 , , , 35419 4852 24 a a DT 35419 4852 25 knowledge knowledge NN 35419 4852 26 of of IN 35419 4852 27 the the DT 35419 4852 28 region region NN 35419 4852 29 from from IN 35419 4852 30 which which WDT 35419 4852 31 the the DT 35419 4852 32 wood wood NN 35419 4852 33 has have VBZ 35419 4852 34 come come VBN 35419 4852 35 . . . 35419 4853 1 We -PRON- PRP 35419 4853 2 know know VBP 35419 4853 3 , , , 35419 4853 4 for for IN 35419 4853 5 instance instance NN 35419 4853 6 , , , 35419 4853 7 that that IN 35419 4853 8 no no DT 35419 4853 9 longleaf longleaf NN 35419 4853 10 pine pine NN 35419 4853 11 grows grow VBZ 35419 4853 12 in in IN 35419 4853 13 Arkansas Arkansas NNP 35419 4853 14 and and CC 35419 4853 15 that that IN 35419 4853 16 no no DT 35419 4853 17 white white JJ 35419 4853 18 pine pine NN 35419 4853 19 can can MD 35419 4853 20 come come VB 35419 4853 21 from from IN 35419 4853 22 Alabama Alabama NNP 35419 4853 23 , , , 35419 4853 24 and and CC 35419 4853 25 we -PRON- PRP 35419 4853 26 can can MD 35419 4853 27 separate separate VB 35419 4853 28 the the DT 35419 4853 29 white white JJ 35419 4853 30 cedar cedar NN 35419 4853 31 , , , 35419 4853 32 giant giant JJ 35419 4853 33 arbor arbor NN 35419 4853 34 vità vità , 35419 4853 35 ¦ ¦ : 35419 4853 36 of of IN 35419 4853 37 the the DT 35419 4853 38 West West NNP 35419 4853 39 and and CC 35419 4853 40 the the DT 35419 4853 41 arbor arbor NN 35419 4853 42 vità vità , 35419 4853 43 ¦ ¦ : 35419 4853 44 of of IN 35419 4853 45 the the DT 35419 4853 46 Northeast Northeast NNP 35419 4853 47 , , , 35419 4853 48 only only RB 35419 4853 49 by by IN 35419 4853 50 the the DT 35419 4853 51 difference difference NN 35419 4853 52 of of IN 35419 4853 53 the the DT 35419 4853 54 locality locality NN 35419 4853 55 from from IN 35419 4853 56 which which WDT 35419 4853 57 the the DT 35419 4853 58 specimen speciman NNS 35419 4853 59 comes come VBZ 35419 4853 60 . . . 35419 4854 1 With with IN 35419 4854 2 all all PDT 35419 4854 3 these these DT 35419 4854 4 limitations limitation NNS 35419 4854 5 properly properly RB 35419 4854 6 appreciated appreciate VBN 35419 4854 7 , , , 35419 4854 8 the the DT 35419 4854 9 key key NN 35419 4854 10 will will MD 35419 4854 11 be be VB 35419 4854 12 found find VBN 35419 4854 13 helpful helpful JJ 35419 4854 14 toward toward IN 35419 4854 15 greater great JJR 35419 4854 16 familiarity familiarity NN 35419 4854 17 with with IN 35419 4854 18 the the DT 35419 4854 19 woods wood NNS 35419 4854 20 which which WDT 35419 4854 21 are be VBP 35419 4854 22 more more RBR 35419 4854 23 commonly commonly RB 35419 4854 24 met meet VBN 35419 4854 25 with with IN 35419 4854 26 . . . 35419 4855 1 The the DT 35419 4855 2 features feature NNS 35419 4855 3 which which WDT 35419 4855 4 have have VBP 35419 4855 5 been be VBN 35419 4855 6 utilized utilize VBN 35419 4855 7 in in IN 35419 4855 8 the the DT 35419 4855 9 key key NN 35419 4855 10 and and CC 35419 4855 11 with with IN 35419 4855 12 which which WDT 35419 4855 13 -- -- : 35419 4855 14 their -PRON- PRP$ 35419 4855 15 names name NNS 35419 4855 16 as as RB 35419 4855 17 well well RB 35419 4855 18 as as IN 35419 4855 19 their -PRON- PRP$ 35419 4855 20 appearance appearance NN 35419 4855 21 -- -- : 35419 4855 22 therefore therefore RB 35419 4855 23 , , , 35419 4855 24 the the DT 35419 4855 25 reader reader NN 35419 4855 26 must must MD 35419 4855 27 familiarize familiarize VB 35419 4855 28 himself -PRON- PRP 35419 4855 29 before before IN 35419 4855 30 attempting attempt VBG 35419 4855 31 to to TO 35419 4855 32 use use VB 35419 4855 33 the the DT 35419 4855 34 key key NN 35419 4855 35 , , , 35419 4855 36 are be VBP 35419 4855 37 mostly mostly RB 35419 4855 38 described describe VBN 35419 4855 39 as as IN 35419 4855 40 they -PRON- PRP 35419 4855 41 appear appear VBP 35419 4855 42 in in IN 35419 4855 43 cross cross NN 35419 4855 44 - - NN 35419 4855 45 section section NN 35419 4855 46 . . . 35419 4856 1 They -PRON- PRP 35419 4856 2 are be VBP 35419 4856 3 : : : 35419 4856 4 ( ( -LRB- 35419 4856 5 1 1 LS 35419 4856 6 ) ) -RRB- 35419 4856 7 Sap sap NN 35419 4856 8 - - HYPH 35419 4856 9 wood wood NN 35419 4856 10 and and CC 35419 4856 11 heart heart NN 35419 4856 12 - - HYPH 35419 4856 13 wood wood NN 35419 4856 14 ( ( -LRB- 35419 4856 15 see see VB 35419 4856 16 p. p. NN 35419 4856 17 17 17 CD 35419 4856 18 ) ) -RRB- 35419 4856 19 , , , 35419 4856 20 the the DT 35419 4856 21 former former JJ 35419 4856 22 being be VBG 35419 4856 23 the the DT 35419 4856 24 wood wood NN 35419 4856 25 from from IN 35419 4856 26 the the DT 35419 4856 27 outer outer NN 35419 4856 28 and and CC 35419 4856 29 the the DT 35419 4856 30 latter latter JJ 35419 4856 31 from from IN 35419 4856 32 the the DT 35419 4856 33 inner inner JJ 35419 4856 34 part part NN 35419 4856 35 of of IN 35419 4856 36 the the DT 35419 4856 37 tree tree NN 35419 4856 38 . . . 35419 4857 1 In in IN 35419 4857 2 some some DT 35419 4857 3 cases case NNS 35419 4857 4 they -PRON- PRP 35419 4857 5 differ differ VBP 35419 4857 6 only only RB 35419 4857 7 in in IN 35419 4857 8 shade shade NN 35419 4857 9 , , , 35419 4857 10 and and CC 35419 4857 11 in in IN 35419 4857 12 others other NNS 35419 4857 13 in in IN 35419 4857 14 kind kind NN 35419 4857 15 of of IN 35419 4857 16 color color NN 35419 4857 17 , , , 35419 4857 18 the the DT 35419 4857 19 heart heart NN 35419 4857 20 - - HYPH 35419 4857 21 wood wood NN 35419 4857 22 exhibiting exhibiting NN 35419 4857 23 either either CC 35419 4857 24 a a DT 35419 4857 25 darker dark JJR 35419 4857 26 shade shade NN 35419 4857 27 or or CC 35419 4857 28 a a DT 35419 4857 29 pronounced pronounce VBN 35419 4857 30 color color NN 35419 4857 31 . . . 35419 4858 1 Since since IN 35419 4858 2 one one PRP 35419 4858 3 can can MD 35419 4858 4 not not RB 35419 4858 5 always always RB 35419 4858 6 have have VB 35419 4858 7 the the DT 35419 4858 8 two two CD 35419 4858 9 together together RB 35419 4858 10 , , , 35419 4858 11 or or CC 35419 4858 12 be be VB 35419 4858 13 certain certain JJ 35419 4858 14 whether whether IN 35419 4858 15 he -PRON- PRP 35419 4858 16 has have VBZ 35419 4858 17 sap sap NN 35419 4858 18 - - HYPH 35419 4858 19 wood wood NN 35419 4858 20 or or CC 35419 4858 21 heart heart NN 35419 4858 22 - - HYPH 35419 4858 23 wood wood NN 35419 4858 24 , , , 35419 4858 25 reliance reliance NN 35419 4858 26 upon upon IN 35419 4858 27 this this DT 35419 4858 28 feature feature NN 35419 4858 29 is be VBZ 35419 4858 30 , , , 35419 4858 31 to to TO 35419 4858 32 be be VB 35419 4858 33 sure sure JJ 35419 4858 34 , , , 35419 4858 35 unsatisfactory unsatisfactory JJ 35419 4858 36 , , , 35419 4858 37 yet yet CC 35419 4858 38 sometimes sometimes RB 35419 4858 39 it -PRON- PRP 35419 4858 40 is be VBZ 35419 4858 41 the the DT 35419 4858 42 only only JJ 35419 4858 43 general general JJ 35419 4858 44 characteristic characteristic NN 35419 4858 45 that that WDT 35419 4858 46 can can MD 35419 4858 47 be be VB 35419 4858 48 relied rely VBN 35419 4858 49 upon upon IN 35419 4858 50 . . . 35419 4859 1 If if IN 35419 4859 2 further further JJ 35419 4859 3 assurance assurance NN 35419 4859 4 is be VBZ 35419 4859 5 desired desire VBN 35419 4859 6 , , , 35419 4859 7 microscopic microscopic JJ 35419 4859 8 structure structure NN 35419 4859 9 must must MD 35419 4859 10 be be VB 35419 4859 11 examined examine VBN 35419 4859 12 ; ; : 35419 4859 13 in in IN 35419 4859 14 such such JJ 35419 4859 15 cases case NNS 35419 4859 16 reference reference NN 35419 4859 17 has have VBZ 35419 4859 18 been be VBN 35419 4859 19 made make VBN 35419 4859 20 to to IN 35419 4859 21 the the DT 35419 4859 22 presence presence NN 35419 4859 23 or or CC 35419 4859 24 absence absence NN 35419 4859 25 of of IN 35419 4859 26 tracheids tracheid NNS 35419 4859 27 in in IN 35419 4859 28 pith pith NNP 35419 4859 29 rays ray NNS 35419 4859 30 and and CC 35419 4859 31 the the DT 35419 4859 32 structure structure NN 35419 4859 33 of of IN 35419 4859 34 their -PRON- PRP$ 35419 4859 35 walls wall NNS 35419 4859 36 , , , 35419 4859 37 especially especially RB 35419 4859 38 projections projection NNS 35419 4859 39 and and CC 35419 4859 40 spirals spiral NNS 35419 4859 41 . . . 35419 4860 1 ( ( -LRB- 35419 4860 2 2 2 LS 35419 4860 3 ) ) -RRB- 35419 4860 4 Annual annual JJ 35419 4860 5 rings ring NNS 35419 4860 6 , , , 35419 4860 7 their -PRON- PRP$ 35419 4860 8 formation formation NN 35419 4860 9 having have VBG 35419 4860 10 been be VBN 35419 4860 11 described describe VBN 35419 4860 12 on on IN 35419 4860 13 page page NN 35419 4860 14 19 19 CD 35419 4860 15 . . . 35419 4861 1 ( ( -LRB- 35419 4861 2 See see VB 35419 4861 3 also also RB 35419 4861 4 Figs Figs NNPS 35419 4861 5 . . . 35419 4862 1 128 128 CD 35419 4862 2 - - SYM 35419 4862 3 130 130 CD 35419 4862 4 . . . 35419 4862 5 ) ) -RRB- 35419 4863 1 They -PRON- PRP 35419 4863 2 are be VBP 35419 4863 3 more more RBR 35419 4863 4 or or CC 35419 4863 5 less less RBR 35419 4863 6 distinctly distinctly RB 35419 4863 7 marked mark VBN 35419 4863 8 , , , 35419 4863 9 and and CC 35419 4863 10 by by IN 35419 4863 11 such such JJ 35419 4863 12 marking mark VBG 35419 4863 13 a a DT 35419 4863 14 classification classification NN 35419 4863 15 of of IN 35419 4863 16 three three CD 35419 4863 17 great great JJ 35419 4863 18 groups group NNS 35419 4863 19 of of IN 35419 4863 20 wood wood NN 35419 4863 21 is be VBZ 35419 4863 22 possible possible JJ 35419 4863 23 . . . 35419 4864 1 ( ( -LRB- 35419 4864 2 3 3 LS 35419 4864 3 ) ) -RRB- 35419 4864 4 Spring spring VB 35419 4864 5 wood wood NN 35419 4864 6 and and CC 35419 4864 7 summer summer NN 35419 4864 8 wood wood NN 35419 4864 9 , , , 35419 4864 10 the the DT 35419 4864 11 former former JJ 35419 4864 12 being be VBG 35419 4864 13 the the DT 35419 4864 14 interior interior NNP 35419 4864 15 ( ( -LRB- 35419 4864 16 first first RB 35419 4864 17 formed form VBN 35419 4864 18 wood wood NN 35419 4864 19 of of IN 35419 4864 20 the the DT 35419 4864 21 year year NN 35419 4864 22 ) ) -RRB- 35419 4864 23 , , , 35419 4864 24 the the DT 35419 4864 25 latter latter JJ 35419 4864 26 the the DT 35419 4864 27 exterior exterior NNP 35419 4864 28 ( ( -LRB- 35419 4864 29 last last RB 35419 4864 30 formed formed JJ 35419 4864 31 ) ) -RRB- 35419 4864 32 part part NN 35419 4864 33 of of IN 35419 4864 34 the the DT 35419 4864 35 ring ring NN 35419 4864 36 . . . 35419 4865 1 The the DT 35419 4865 2 proportion proportion NN 35419 4865 3 of of IN 35419 4865 4 each each DT 35419 4865 5 and and CC 35419 4865 6 the the DT 35419 4865 7 manner manner NN 35419 4865 8 in in IN 35419 4865 9 which which WDT 35419 4865 10 the the DT 35419 4865 11 one one CD 35419 4865 12 merges merge VBZ 35419 4865 13 into into IN 35419 4865 14 the the DT 35419 4865 15 other other JJ 35419 4865 16 are be VBP 35419 4865 17 sometimes sometimes RB 35419 4865 18 used use VBN 35419 4865 19 , , , 35419 4865 20 but but CC 35419 4865 21 more more RBR 35419 4865 22 frequently frequently RB 35419 4865 23 the the DT 35419 4865 24 manner manner NN 35419 4865 25 in in IN 35419 4865 26 which which WDT 35419 4865 27 the the DT 35419 4865 28 pores pore NNS 35419 4865 29 appear appear VBP 35419 4865 30 distributed distribute VBN 35419 4865 31 in in IN 35419 4865 32 either either RB 35419 4865 33 . . . 35419 4866 1 ( ( -LRB- 35419 4866 2 4 4 LS 35419 4866 3 ) ) -RRB- 35419 4866 4 Pores pore NNS 35419 4866 5 , , , 35419 4866 6 which which WDT 35419 4866 7 are be VBP 35419 4866 8 vessels vessel NNS 35419 4866 9 cut cut VBN 35419 4866 10 thru thru RB 35419 4866 11 , , , 35419 4866 12 appearing appear VBG 35419 4866 13 as as IN 35419 4866 14 holes hole NNS 35419 4866 15 in in IN 35419 4866 16 cross cross JJ 35419 4866 17 - - NN 35419 4866 18 section section NN 35419 4866 19 , , , 35419 4866 20 in in IN 35419 4866 21 longitudinal longitudinal JJ 35419 4866 22 section section NN 35419 4866 23 as as IN 35419 4866 24 channels channel NNS 35419 4866 25 , , , 35419 4866 26 scratches scratch NNS 35419 4866 27 , , , 35419 4866 28 or or CC 35419 4866 29 identifications identification NNS 35419 4866 30 . . . 35419 4867 1 ( ( -LRB- 35419 4867 2 See see VB 35419 4867 3 p. p. NN 35419 4867 4 23 23 CD 35419 4867 5 and and CC 35419 4867 6 Figs fig NNS 35419 4867 7 . . . 35419 4868 1 129 129 CD 35419 4868 2 and and CC 35419 4868 3 130 130 CD 35419 4868 4 . . . 35419 4868 5 ) ) -RRB- 35419 4869 1 They -PRON- PRP 35419 4869 2 appear appear VBP 35419 4869 3 only only RB 35419 4869 4 in in IN 35419 4869 5 the the DT 35419 4869 6 broad broad RB 35419 4869 7 - - HYPH 35419 4869 8 leaved leaved JJ 35419 4869 9 , , , 35419 4869 10 so so RB 35419 4869 11 called call VBD 35419 4869 12 , , , 35419 4869 13 hard hard JJ 35419 4869 14 woods wood NNS 35419 4869 15 ; ; : 35419 4869 16 their -PRON- PRP$ 35419 4869 17 relative relative JJ 35419 4869 18 size size NN 35419 4869 19 ( ( -LRB- 35419 4869 20 large large JJ 35419 4869 21 , , , 35419 4869 22 medium medium NN 35419 4869 23 , , , 35419 4869 24 small small JJ 35419 4869 25 , , , 35419 4869 26 minute minute NN 35419 4869 27 , , , 35419 4869 28 and and CC 35419 4869 29 indistinct indistinct JJ 35419 4869 30 when when WRB 35419 4869 31 they -PRON- PRP 35419 4869 32 cease cease VBP 35419 4869 33 to to TO 35419 4869 34 be be VB 35419 4869 35 visible visible JJ 35419 4869 36 individually individually RB 35419 4869 37 by by IN 35419 4869 38 the the DT 35419 4869 39 naked naked JJ 35419 4869 40 eye eye NN 35419 4869 41 ) ) -RRB- 35419 4869 42 and and CC 35419 4869 43 manner manner NN 35419 4869 44 of of IN 35419 4869 45 distribution distribution NN 35419 4869 46 in in IN 35419 4869 47 the the DT 35419 4869 48 ring ring NN 35419 4869 49 being being NN 35419 4869 50 of of IN 35419 4869 51 much much JJ 35419 4869 52 importance importance NN 35419 4869 53 , , , 35419 4869 54 and and CC 35419 4869 55 especially especially RB 35419 4869 56 in in IN 35419 4869 57 the the DT 35419 4869 58 summer summer NN 35419 4869 59 wood wood NN 35419 4869 60 , , , 35419 4869 61 where where WRB 35419 4869 62 they -PRON- PRP 35419 4869 63 appear appear VBP 35419 4869 64 singly singly RB 35419 4869 65 , , , 35419 4869 66 in in IN 35419 4869 67 groups group NNS 35419 4869 68 , , , 35419 4869 69 or or CC 35419 4869 70 short short JJ 35419 4869 71 broken broken JJ 35419 4869 72 lines line NNS 35419 4869 73 , , , 35419 4869 74 in in IN 35419 4869 75 continuous continuous JJ 35419 4869 76 concentric concentric NN 35419 4869 77 , , , 35419 4869 78 often often RB 35419 4869 79 wavy wavy NNP 35419 4869 80 lines line NNS 35419 4869 81 , , , 35419 4869 82 or or CC 35419 4869 83 in in IN 35419 4869 84 radial radial JJ 35419 4869 85 branching branching NN 35419 4869 86 lines line NNS 35419 4869 87 . . . 35419 4870 1 ( ( -LRB- 35419 4870 2 5 5 LS 35419 4870 3 ) ) -RRB- 35419 4870 4 Resin Resin NNP 35419 4870 5 ducts duct NNS 35419 4870 6 ( ( -LRB- 35419 4870 7 see see VB 35419 4870 8 p. p. NN 35419 4870 9 26 26 CD 35419 4870 10 and and CC 35419 4870 11 Fig Fig NNP 35419 4870 12 . . . 35419 4871 1 128 128 CD 35419 4871 2 ) ) -RRB- 35419 4871 3 which which WDT 35419 4871 4 appear appear VBP 35419 4871 5 very very RB 35419 4871 6 much much RB 35419 4871 7 like like IN 35419 4871 8 pores pore NNS 35419 4871 9 in in IN 35419 4871 10 cross cross NN 35419 4871 11 - - NN 35419 4871 12 section section NN 35419 4871 13 , , , 35419 4871 14 namely namely RB 35419 4871 15 , , , 35419 4871 16 as as IN 35419 4871 17 holes hole NNS 35419 4871 18 or or CC 35419 4871 19 lighter light JJR 35419 4871 20 or or CC 35419 4871 21 darker dark JJR 35419 4871 22 colored color VBN 35419 4871 23 dots dot NNS 35419 4871 24 , , , 35419 4871 25 but but CC 35419 4871 26 much much RB 35419 4871 27 more more RBR 35419 4871 28 scattered scatter VBN 35419 4871 29 . . . 35419 4872 1 They -PRON- PRP 35419 4872 2 occur occur VBP 35419 4872 3 only only RB 35419 4872 4 in in IN 35419 4872 5 coniferous coniferous JJ 35419 4872 6 woods wood NNS 35419 4872 7 , , , 35419 4872 8 and and CC 35419 4872 9 their -PRON- PRP$ 35419 4872 10 presence presence NN 35419 4872 11 or or CC 35419 4872 12 absence absence NN 35419 4872 13 , , , 35419 4872 14 size size NN 35419 4872 15 , , , 35419 4872 16 number number NN 35419 4872 17 , , , 35419 4872 18 and and CC 35419 4872 19 distribution distribution NN 35419 4872 20 are be VBP 35419 4872 21 an an DT 35419 4872 22 important important JJ 35419 4872 23 distinction distinction NN 35419 4872 24 in in IN 35419 4872 25 these these DT 35419 4872 26 woods wood NNS 35419 4872 27 . . . 35419 4873 1 ( ( -LRB- 35419 4873 2 6 6 CD 35419 4873 3 ) ) -RRB- 35419 4873 4 Pith Pith NNP 35419 4873 5 rays ray NNS 35419 4873 6 ( ( -LRB- 35419 4873 7 see see VB 35419 4873 8 p. p. NN 35419 4873 9 21 21 CD 35419 4873 10 and and CC 35419 4873 11 Figs fig NNS 35419 4873 12 . . . 35419 4874 1 129 129 CD 35419 4874 2 and and CC 35419 4874 3 130 130 CD 35419 4874 4 ) ) -RRB- 35419 4874 5 , , , 35419 4874 6 which which WDT 35419 4874 7 in in IN 35419 4874 8 cross cross JJ 35419 4874 9 - - NN 35419 4874 10 section section NN 35419 4874 11 appear appear VBP 35419 4874 12 as as IN 35419 4874 13 radial radial JJ 35419 4874 14 lines line NNS 35419 4874 15 , , , 35419 4874 16 and and CC 35419 4874 17 in in IN 35419 4874 18 radial radial JJ 35419 4874 19 section section NN 35419 4874 20 as as IN 35419 4874 21 interrupted interrupt VBN 35419 4874 22 bands band NNS 35419 4874 23 of of IN 35419 4874 24 varying vary VBG 35419 4874 25 breadth breadth NN 35419 4874 26 , , , 35419 4874 27 impart impart VBP 35419 4874 28 a a DT 35419 4874 29 peculiar peculiar JJ 35419 4874 30 luster luster NN 35419 4874 31 to to IN 35419 4874 32 that that DT 35419 4874 33 section section NN 35419 4874 34 in in IN 35419 4874 35 some some DT 35419 4874 36 woods wood NNS 35419 4874 37 . . . 35419 4875 1 They -PRON- PRP 35419 4875 2 are be VBP 35419 4875 3 most most RBS 35419 4875 4 readily readily RB 35419 4875 5 visible visible JJ 35419 4875 6 with with IN 35419 4875 7 the the DT 35419 4875 8 naked naked JJ 35419 4875 9 eye eye NN 35419 4875 10 or or CC 35419 4875 11 with with IN 35419 4875 12 a a DT 35419 4875 13 magnifier magnifier NN 35419 4875 14 in in IN 35419 4875 15 the the DT 35419 4875 16 broad broad RB 35419 4875 17 - - HYPH 35419 4875 18 leaved leave VBN 35419 4875 19 woods wood NNS 35419 4875 20 . . . 35419 4876 1 In in IN 35419 4876 2 coniferous coniferous JJ 35419 4876 3 woods wood NNS 35419 4876 4 they -PRON- PRP 35419 4876 5 are be VBP 35419 4876 6 usually usually RB 35419 4876 7 so so RB 35419 4876 8 fine fine JJ 35419 4876 9 and and CC 35419 4876 10 closely closely RB 35419 4876 11 packed packed JJ 35419 4876 12 that that IN 35419 4876 13 to to IN 35419 4876 14 the the DT 35419 4876 15 casual casual JJ 35419 4876 16 observer observer NN 35419 4876 17 they -PRON- PRP 35419 4876 18 do do VBP 35419 4876 19 not not RB 35419 4876 20 appear appear VB 35419 4876 21 . . . 35419 4877 1 Their -PRON- PRP$ 35419 4877 2 breadth breadth NN 35419 4877 3 and and CC 35419 4877 4 their -PRON- PRP$ 35419 4877 5 greater great JJR 35419 4877 6 or or CC 35419 4877 7 less less JJR 35419 4877 8 distinctness distinctness NN 35419 4877 9 are be VBP 35419 4877 10 used use VBN 35419 4877 11 as as IN 35419 4877 12 distinguishing distinguish VBG 35419 4877 13 marks mark NNS 35419 4877 14 , , , 35419 4877 15 being be VBG 35419 4877 16 styled style VBN 35419 4877 17 fine fine JJ 35419 4877 18 , , , 35419 4877 19 broad broad JJ 35419 4877 20 , , , 35419 4877 21 distinct distinct JJ 35419 4877 22 , , , 35419 4877 23 very very RB 35419 4877 24 distinct distinct JJ 35419 4877 25 , , , 35419 4877 26 conspicuous conspicuous JJ 35419 4877 27 , , , 35419 4877 28 and and CC 35419 4877 29 indistinct indistinct JJ 35419 4877 30 when when WRB 35419 4877 31 no no RB 35419 4877 32 longer long RBR 35419 4877 33 visible visible JJ 35419 4877 34 by by IN 35419 4877 35 the the DT 35419 4877 36 naked naked JJ 35419 4877 37 ( ( -LRB- 35419 4877 38 strong strong JJ 35419 4877 39 ) ) -RRB- 35419 4877 40 eye eye NN 35419 4877 41 . . . 35419 4878 1 ( ( -LRB- 35419 4878 2 7 7 LS 35419 4878 3 ) ) -RRB- 35419 4878 4 Concentric Concentric NNP 35419 4878 5 lines line NNS 35419 4878 6 , , , 35419 4878 7 appearing appear VBG 35419 4878 8 in in IN 35419 4878 9 the the DT 35419 4878 10 summer summer NN 35419 4878 11 wood wood NN 35419 4878 12 of of IN 35419 4878 13 certain certain JJ 35419 4878 14 species specie NNS 35419 4878 15 more more RBR 35419 4878 16 or or CC 35419 4878 17 less less RBR 35419 4878 18 distinct distinct JJ 35419 4878 19 , , , 35419 4878 20 resembling resemble VBG 35419 4878 21 distantly distantly RB 35419 4878 22 the the DT 35419 4878 23 lines line NNS 35419 4878 24 of of IN 35419 4878 25 pores pore NNS 35419 4878 26 but but CC 35419 4878 27 much much RB 35419 4878 28 finer fine JJR 35419 4878 29 and and CC 35419 4878 30 not not RB 35419 4878 31 consisting consist VBG 35419 4878 32 of of IN 35419 4878 33 pores pore NNS 35419 4878 34 . . . 35419 4879 1 ( ( -LRB- 35419 4879 2 See see VB 35419 4879 3 Fig fig NN 35419 4879 4 . . . 35419 4880 1 129 129 CD 35419 4880 2 . . . 35419 4880 3 ) ) -RRB- 35419 4881 1 Of of IN 35419 4881 2 microscopic microscopic JJ 35419 4881 3 features feature NNS 35419 4881 4 , , , 35419 4881 5 the the DT 35419 4881 6 following follow VBG 35419 4881 7 only only RB 35419 4881 8 have have VBP 35419 4881 9 been be VBN 35419 4881 10 referred refer VBN 35419 4881 11 to to IN 35419 4881 12 : : : 35419 4881 13 ( ( -LRB- 35419 4881 14 8) 8) CD 35419 4881 15 Tracheids Tracheids NNP 35419 4881 16 , , , 35419 4881 17 a a DT 35419 4881 18 description description NN 35419 4881 19 of of IN 35419 4881 20 which which WDT 35419 4881 21 is be VBZ 35419 4881 22 to to TO 35419 4881 23 be be VB 35419 4881 24 found find VBN 35419 4881 25 on on IN 35419 4881 26 page page NN 35419 4881 27 28 28 CD 35419 4881 28 . . . 35419 4882 1 ( ( -LRB- 35419 4882 2 9 9 CD 35419 4882 3 ) ) -RRB- 35419 4882 4 Pits pit NNS 35419 4882 5 , , , 35419 4882 6 simple simple JJ 35419 4882 7 and and CC 35419 4882 8 bordered bordered JJ 35419 4882 9 , , , 35419 4882 10 especially especially RB 35419 4882 11 the the DT 35419 4882 12 number number NN 35419 4882 13 of of IN 35419 4882 14 simple simple JJ 35419 4882 15 pits pit NNS 35419 4882 16 in in IN 35419 4882 17 the the DT 35419 4882 18 cells cell NNS 35419 4882 19 of of IN 35419 4882 20 the the DT 35419 4882 21 pith pith NNP 35419 4882 22 rays ray NNS 35419 4882 23 , , , 35419 4882 24 which which WDT 35419 4882 25 lead lead VBP 35419 4882 26 into into IN 35419 4882 27 each each DT 35419 4882 28 of of IN 35419 4882 29 the the DT 35419 4882 30 adjoining adjoining JJ 35419 4882 31 tracheids tracheid NNS 35419 4882 32 . . . 35419 4883 1 For for IN 35419 4883 2 standards standard NNS 35419 4883 3 of of IN 35419 4883 4 weight weight NN 35419 4883 5 , , , 35419 4883 6 consult consult VB 35419 4883 7 table table NN 35419 4883 8 on on IN 35419 4883 9 pages page NNS 35419 4883 10 50 50 CD 35419 4883 11 and and CC 35419 4883 12 192 192 CD 35419 4883 13 ; ; : 35419 4883 14 for for IN 35419 4883 15 standards standard NNS 35419 4883 16 of of IN 35419 4883 17 hardness hardness NN 35419 4883 18 , , , 35419 4883 19 table table NN 35419 4883 20 on on IN 35419 4883 21 page page NN 35419 4883 22 195 195 CD 35419 4883 23 . . . 35419 4884 1 Unless unless IN 35419 4884 2 otherwise otherwise RB 35419 4884 3 stated state VBD 35419 4884 4 the the DT 35419 4884 5 color color NN 35419 4884 6 refers refer VBZ 35419 4884 7 always always RB 35419 4884 8 to to IN 35419 4884 9 the the DT 35419 4884 10 fresh fresh JJ 35419 4884 11 cross cross JJ 35419 4884 12 - - NN 35419 4884 13 section section NN 35419 4884 14 of of IN 35419 4884 15 a a DT 35419 4884 16 piece piece NN 35419 4884 17 of of IN 35419 4884 18 dry dry JJ 35419 4884 19 wood wood NN 35419 4884 20 ; ; : 35419 4884 21 sometimes sometimes RB 35419 4884 22 distinct distinct JJ 35419 4884 23 kinds kind NNS 35419 4884 24 of of IN 35419 4884 25 color color NN 35419 4884 26 , , , 35419 4884 27 sometimes sometimes RB 35419 4884 28 only only RB 35419 4884 29 shades shade NNS 35419 4884 30 , , , 35419 4884 31 and and CC 35419 4884 32 often often RB 35419 4884 33 only only RB 35419 4884 34 general general JJ 35419 4884 35 color color NN 35419 4884 36 effects effect NNS 35419 4884 37 appear appear VBP 35419 4884 38 . . . 35419 4885 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 4885 2 Footnote Footnote NNP 35419 4885 3 A a NN 35419 4885 4 : : : 35419 4885 5 From from IN 35419 4885 6 Forestry Forestry NNP 35419 4885 7 Bulletin Bulletin NNP 35419 4885 8 No no UH 35419 4885 9 . . . 35419 4886 1 10 10 CD 35419 4886 2 , , , 35419 4886 3 _ _ NNP 35419 4886 4 U. U. NNP 35419 4887 1 S. S. NNP 35419 4887 2 Department Department NNP 35419 4887 3 of of IN 35419 4887 4 Agriculture Agriculture NNP 35419 4887 5 _ _ NNP 35419 4887 6 . . . 35419 4887 7 ] ] -RRB- 35419 4888 1 HOW how WRB 35419 4888 2 TO to TO 35419 4888 3 USE use VB 35419 4888 4 THE the DT 35419 4888 5 KEY key NN 35419 4888 6 . . . 35419 4889 1 Nobody nobody NN 35419 4889 2 need nee MD 35419 4889 3 expect expect VB 35419 4889 4 to to TO 35419 4889 5 be be VB 35419 4889 6 able able JJ 35419 4889 7 to to TO 35419 4889 8 use use VB 35419 4889 9 successfully successfully RB 35419 4889 10 any any DT 35419 4889 11 key key NN 35419 4889 12 for for IN 35419 4889 13 the the DT 35419 4889 14 distinction distinction NN 35419 4889 15 of of IN 35419 4889 16 woods wood NNS 35419 4889 17 or or CC 35419 4889 18 of of IN 35419 4889 19 any any DT 35419 4889 20 other other JJ 35419 4889 21 class class NN 35419 4889 22 of of IN 35419 4889 23 natural natural JJ 35419 4889 24 objects object NNS 35419 4889 25 without without IN 35419 4889 26 some some DT 35419 4889 27 practice practice NN 35419 4889 28 . . . 35419 4890 1 This this DT 35419 4890 2 is be VBZ 35419 4890 3 especially especially RB 35419 4890 4 true true JJ 35419 4890 5 with with IN 35419 4890 6 regard regard NN 35419 4890 7 to to IN 35419 4890 8 woods wood NNS 35419 4890 9 , , , 35419 4890 10 which which WDT 35419 4890 11 are be VBP 35419 4890 12 apt apt JJ 35419 4890 13 to to TO 35419 4890 14 vary vary VB 35419 4890 15 much much JJ 35419 4890 16 , , , 35419 4890 17 and and CC 35419 4890 18 when when WRB 35419 4890 19 the the DT 35419 4890 20 key key NN 35419 4890 21 is be VBZ 35419 4890 22 based base VBN 35419 4890 23 on on IN 35419 4890 24 such such JJ 35419 4890 25 meager meager JJ 35419 4890 26 general general JJ 35419 4890 27 data datum NNS 35419 4890 28 as as IN 35419 4890 29 the the DT 35419 4890 30 present present NN 35419 4890 31 . . . 35419 4891 1 The the DT 35419 4891 2 best good JJS 35419 4891 3 course course NN 35419 4891 4 to to TO 35419 4891 5 adopt adopt VB 35419 4891 6 is be VBZ 35419 4891 7 to to TO 35419 4891 8 supply supply VB 35419 4891 9 one one PRP 35419 4891 10 's 's POS 35419 4891 11 self self NN 35419 4891 12 with with IN 35419 4891 13 a a DT 35419 4891 14 small small JJ 35419 4891 15 sample sample NN 35419 4891 16 collection collection NN 35419 4891 17 of of IN 35419 4891 18 woods wood NNS 35419 4891 19 , , , 35419 4891 20 accurately accurately RB 35419 4891 21 named name VBN 35419 4891 22 . . . 35419 4892 1 Small small JJ 35419 4892 2 , , , 35419 4892 3 polished polished JJ 35419 4892 4 tablets tablet NNS 35419 4892 5 are be VBP 35419 4892 6 of of IN 35419 4892 7 little little JJ 35419 4892 8 use use NN 35419 4892 9 for for IN 35419 4892 10 this this DT 35419 4892 11 purpose purpose NN 35419 4892 12 . . . 35419 4893 1 The the DT 35419 4893 2 pieces piece NNS 35419 4893 3 should should MD 35419 4893 4 be be VB 35419 4893 5 large large JJ 35419 4893 6 enough enough RB 35419 4893 7 , , , 35419 4893 8 if if IN 35419 4893 9 possible possible JJ 35419 4893 10 , , , 35419 4893 11 to to TO 35419 4893 12 include include VB 35419 4893 13 pith pith NNP 35419 4893 14 and and CC 35419 4893 15 bark bark NN 35419 4893 16 , , , 35419 4893 17 and and CC 35419 4893 18 of of IN 35419 4893 19 sufficient sufficient JJ 35419 4893 20 width width NN 35419 4893 21 to to TO 35419 4893 22 permit permit VB 35419 4893 23 ready ready JJ 35419 4893 24 inspection inspection NN 35419 4893 25 of of IN 35419 4893 26 the the DT 35419 4893 27 cross cross JJ 35419 4893 28 - - NN 35419 4893 29 section section NN 35419 4893 30 . . . 35419 4894 1 By by IN 35419 4894 2 examining examine VBG 35419 4894 3 these these DT 35419 4894 4 with with IN 35419 4894 5 the the DT 35419 4894 6 aid aid NN 35419 4894 7 of of IN 35419 4894 8 the the DT 35419 4894 9 key key NN 35419 4894 10 , , , 35419 4894 11 beginning begin VBG 35419 4894 12 with with IN 35419 4894 13 the the DT 35419 4894 14 better well RBR 35419 4894 15 - - HYPH 35419 4894 16 known know VBN 35419 4894 17 woods wood NNS 35419 4894 18 , , , 35419 4894 19 one one CD 35419 4894 20 will will MD 35419 4894 21 soon soon RB 35419 4894 22 learn learn VB 35419 4894 23 to to TO 35419 4894 24 see see VB 35419 4894 25 the the DT 35419 4894 26 features feature NNS 35419 4894 27 described describe VBN 35419 4894 28 and and CC 35419 4894 29 to to TO 35419 4894 30 form form VB 35419 4894 31 an an DT 35419 4894 32 idea idea NN 35419 4894 33 of of IN 35419 4894 34 the the DT 35419 4894 35 relative relative JJ 35419 4894 36 standards standard NNS 35419 4894 37 which which WDT 35419 4894 38 the the DT 35419 4894 39 maker maker NN 35419 4894 40 of of IN 35419 4894 41 the the DT 35419 4894 42 key key NN 35419 4894 43 had have VBD 35419 4894 44 in in IN 35419 4894 45 mind mind NN 35419 4894 46 . . . 35419 4895 1 To to TO 35419 4895 2 aid aid VB 35419 4895 3 in in IN 35419 4895 4 this this DT 35419 4895 5 , , , 35419 4895 6 the the DT 35419 4895 7 accompanying accompany VBG 35419 4895 8 illustrations illustration NNS 35419 4895 9 will will MD 35419 4895 10 be be VB 35419 4895 11 of of IN 35419 4895 12 advantage advantage NN 35419 4895 13 . . . 35419 4896 1 When when WRB 35419 4896 2 the the DT 35419 4896 3 reader reader NN 35419 4896 4 becomes become VBZ 35419 4896 5 familiar familiar JJ 35419 4896 6 with with IN 35419 4896 7 the the DT 35419 4896 8 key key NN 35419 4896 9 , , , 35419 4896 10 the the DT 35419 4896 11 work work NN 35419 4896 12 of of IN 35419 4896 13 identifying identify VBG 35419 4896 14 any any DT 35419 4896 15 given give VBN 35419 4896 16 piece piece NN 35419 4896 17 will will MD 35419 4896 18 be be VB 35419 4896 19 comparatively comparatively RB 35419 4896 20 easy easy JJ 35419 4896 21 . . . 35419 4897 1 The the DT 35419 4897 2 material material NN 35419 4897 3 to to TO 35419 4897 4 be be VB 35419 4897 5 examined examine VBN 35419 4897 6 must must MD 35419 4897 7 , , , 35419 4897 8 of of IN 35419 4897 9 course course NN 35419 4897 10 , , , 35419 4897 11 be be VB 35419 4897 12 suitably suitably RB 35419 4897 13 prepared prepare VBN 35419 4897 14 . . . 35419 4898 1 It -PRON- PRP 35419 4898 2 should should MD 35419 4898 3 be be VB 35419 4898 4 moistened moisten VBN 35419 4898 5 ; ; : 35419 4898 6 all all DT 35419 4898 7 cuts cut NNS 35419 4898 8 should should MD 35419 4898 9 be be VB 35419 4898 10 made make VBN 35419 4898 11 with with IN 35419 4898 12 a a DT 35419 4898 13 very very RB 35419 4898 14 sharp sharp JJ 35419 4898 15 knife knife NN 35419 4898 16 or or CC 35419 4898 17 razor razor NN 35419 4898 18 and and CC 35419 4898 19 be be VB 35419 4898 20 clean clean JJ 35419 4898 21 and and CC 35419 4898 22 smooth smooth JJ 35419 4898 23 , , , 35419 4898 24 for for IN 35419 4898 25 a a DT 35419 4898 26 bruised bruise VBN 35419 4898 27 surface surface NN 35419 4898 28 reveals reveal NNS 35419 4898 29 but but CC 35419 4898 30 little little JJ 35419 4898 31 structure structure NN 35419 4898 32 . . . 35419 4899 1 The the DT 35419 4899 2 most most RBS 35419 4899 3 useful useful JJ 35419 4899 4 cut cut NN 35419 4899 5 may may MD 35419 4899 6 be be VB 35419 4899 7 made make VBN 35419 4899 8 along along IN 35419 4899 9 one one CD 35419 4899 10 of of IN 35419 4899 11 the the DT 35419 4899 12 edges edge NNS 35419 4899 13 . . . 35419 4900 1 Instructive instructive JJ 35419 4900 2 , , , 35419 4900 3 thin thin JJ 35419 4900 4 , , , 35419 4900 5 small small JJ 35419 4900 6 sections section NNS 35419 4900 7 may may MD 35419 4900 8 be be VB 35419 4900 9 made make VBN 35419 4900 10 with with IN 35419 4900 11 a a DT 35419 4900 12 sharp sharp JJ 35419 4900 13 penknife penknife NN 35419 4900 14 or or CC 35419 4900 15 razor razor NN 35419 4900 16 , , , 35419 4900 17 and and CC 35419 4900 18 when when WRB 35419 4900 19 placed place VBN 35419 4900 20 on on IN 35419 4900 21 a a DT 35419 4900 22 piece piece NN 35419 4900 23 of of IN 35419 4900 24 thin thin JJ 35419 4900 25 glass glass NN 35419 4900 26 , , , 35419 4900 27 moistened moisten VBN 35419 4900 28 and and CC 35419 4900 29 covered cover VBN 35419 4900 30 with with IN 35419 4900 31 another another DT 35419 4900 32 piece piece NN 35419 4900 33 of of IN 35419 4900 34 glass glass NN 35419 4900 35 , , , 35419 4900 36 they -PRON- PRP 35419 4900 37 may may MD 35419 4900 38 be be VB 35419 4900 39 examined examine VBN 35419 4900 40 by by IN 35419 4900 41 holding hold VBG 35419 4900 42 them -PRON- PRP 35419 4900 43 toward toward IN 35419 4900 44 the the DT 35419 4900 45 light light NN 35419 4900 46 . . . 35419 4901 1 Finding Finding NNP 35419 4901 2 , , , 35419 4901 3 on on IN 35419 4901 4 examination examination NN 35419 4901 5 with with IN 35419 4901 6 the the DT 35419 4901 7 magnifier magnifier NN 35419 4901 8 , , , 35419 4901 9 that that IN 35419 4901 10 it -PRON- PRP 35419 4901 11 contains contain VBZ 35419 4901 12 pores pore NNS 35419 4901 13 , , , 35419 4901 14 we -PRON- PRP 35419 4901 15 know know VBP 35419 4901 16 it -PRON- PRP 35419 4901 17 is be VBZ 35419 4901 18 not not RB 35419 4901 19 coniferous coniferous JJ 35419 4901 20 or or CC 35419 4901 21 non non JJ 35419 4901 22 - - JJ 35419 4901 23 porous porous JJ 35419 4901 24 . . . 35419 4902 1 Finding find VBG 35419 4902 2 no no DT 35419 4902 3 pores pore NNS 35419 4902 4 collected collect VBN 35419 4902 5 in in IN 35419 4902 6 the the DT 35419 4902 7 spring spring NN 35419 4902 8 - - HYPH 35419 4902 9 wood wood NN 35419 4902 10 portion portion NN 35419 4902 11 of of IN 35419 4902 12 the the DT 35419 4902 13 annual annual JJ 35419 4902 14 ring ring NN 35419 4902 15 , , , 35419 4902 16 but but CC 35419 4902 17 all all DT 35419 4902 18 scattered scatter VBN 35419 4902 19 ( ( -LRB- 35419 4902 20 diffused diffuse VBN 35419 4902 21 ) ) -RRB- 35419 4902 22 thru thru IN 35419 4902 23 the the DT 35419 4902 24 ring ring NN 35419 4902 25 , , , 35419 4902 26 we -PRON- PRP 35419 4902 27 turn turn VBP 35419 4902 28 at at RP 35419 4902 29 once once RB 35419 4902 30 to to IN 35419 4902 31 the the DT 35419 4902 32 class class NN 35419 4902 33 of of IN 35419 4902 34 " " `` 35419 4902 35 Diffuse Diffuse NNP 35419 4902 36 - - HYPH 35419 4902 37 porous porous JJ 35419 4902 38 woods wood NNS 35419 4902 39 . . . 35419 4902 40 " " '' 35419 4903 1 We -PRON- PRP 35419 4903 2 now now RB 35419 4903 3 note note VBP 35419 4903 4 the the DT 35419 4903 5 size size NN 35419 4903 6 and and CC 35419 4903 7 manner manner NN 35419 4903 8 in in IN 35419 4903 9 which which WDT 35419 4903 10 the the DT 35419 4903 11 pores pore NNS 35419 4903 12 are be VBP 35419 4903 13 distributed distribute VBN 35419 4903 14 thru thru IN 35419 4903 15 the the DT 35419 4903 16 ring ring NN 35419 4903 17 . . . 35419 4904 1 Finding find VBG 35419 4904 2 them -PRON- PRP 35419 4904 3 very very RB 35419 4904 4 small small JJ 35419 4904 5 and and CC 35419 4904 6 neither neither DT 35419 4904 7 conspicuously conspicuously RB 35419 4904 8 grouped group VBN 35419 4904 9 , , , 35419 4904 10 nor nor CC 35419 4904 11 larger large JJR 35419 4904 12 nor nor CC 35419 4904 13 more more RBR 35419 4904 14 abundant abundant JJ 35419 4904 15 in in IN 35419 4904 16 the the DT 35419 4904 17 spring spring NN 35419 4904 18 - - HYPH 35419 4904 19 wood wood NN 35419 4904 20 , , , 35419 4904 21 we -PRON- PRP 35419 4904 22 turn turn VBP 35419 4904 23 to to IN 35419 4904 24 the the DT 35419 4904 25 third third JJ 35419 4904 26 group group NN 35419 4904 27 of of IN 35419 4904 28 this this DT 35419 4904 29 class class NN 35419 4904 30 . . . 35419 4905 1 We -PRON- PRP 35419 4905 2 now now RB 35419 4905 3 note note VBP 35419 4905 4 the the DT 35419 4905 5 pith pith NNP 35419 4905 6 rays ray NNS 35419 4905 7 , , , 35419 4905 8 and and CC 35419 4905 9 finding find VBG 35419 4905 10 them -PRON- PRP 35419 4905 11 neither neither CC 35419 4905 12 broad broad JJ 35419 4905 13 nor nor CC 35419 4905 14 conspicuous conspicuous JJ 35419 4905 15 , , , 35419 4905 16 but but CC 35419 4905 17 difficult difficult JJ 35419 4905 18 to to TO 35419 4905 19 distinguish distinguish VB 35419 4905 20 , , , 35419 4905 21 even even RB 35419 4905 22 with with IN 35419 4905 23 the the DT 35419 4905 24 magnifier magnifier NN 35419 4905 25 , , , 35419 4905 26 we -PRON- PRP 35419 4905 27 at at IN 35419 4905 28 once once RB 35419 4905 29 exclude exclude VB 35419 4905 30 the the DT 35419 4905 31 wood wood NN 35419 4905 32 from from IN 35419 4905 33 the the DT 35419 4905 34 first first JJ 35419 4905 35 two two CD 35419 4905 36 sections section NNS 35419 4905 37 of of IN 35419 4905 38 this this DT 35419 4905 39 group group NN 35419 4905 40 and and CC 35419 4905 41 place place VB 35419 4905 42 it -PRON- PRP 35419 4905 43 in in IN 35419 4905 44 the the DT 35419 4905 45 third third JJ 35419 4905 46 , , , 35419 4905 47 which which WDT 35419 4905 48 is be VBZ 35419 4905 49 represented represent VBN 35419 4905 50 by by IN 35419 4905 51 only only RB 35419 4905 52 one one CD 35419 4905 53 kind kind NN 35419 4905 54 , , , 35419 4905 55 cottonwood cottonwood NN 35419 4905 56 . . . 35419 4906 1 Finding find VBG 35419 4906 2 the the DT 35419 4906 3 wood wood NN 35419 4906 4 very very RB 35419 4906 5 soft soft JJ 35419 4906 6 , , , 35419 4906 7 white white JJ 35419 4906 8 , , , 35419 4906 9 and and CC 35419 4906 10 on on IN 35419 4906 11 the the DT 35419 4906 12 longitudinal longitudinal JJ 35419 4906 13 section section NN 35419 4906 14 with with IN 35419 4906 15 a a DT 35419 4906 16 silky silky JJ 35419 4906 17 luster luster NN 35419 4906 18 , , , 35419 4906 19 we -PRON- PRP 35419 4906 20 are be VBP 35419 4906 21 further further RB 35419 4906 22 assured assure VBN 35419 4906 23 that that IN 35419 4906 24 our -PRON- PRP$ 35419 4906 25 determination determination NN 35419 4906 26 is be VBZ 35419 4906 27 correct correct JJ 35419 4906 28 . . . 35419 4907 1 We -PRON- PRP 35419 4907 2 may may MD 35419 4907 3 now now RB 35419 4907 4 turn turn VB 35419 4907 5 to to IN 35419 4907 6 the the DT 35419 4907 7 list list NN 35419 4907 8 of of IN 35419 4907 9 woods wood NNS 35419 4907 10 and and CC 35419 4907 11 obtain obtain VB 35419 4907 12 further further JJ 35419 4907 13 information information NN 35419 4907 14 regarding regard VBG 35419 4907 15 the the DT 35419 4907 16 occurrence occurrence NN 35419 4907 17 , , , 35419 4907 18 qualities quality NNS 35419 4907 19 , , , 35419 4907 20 and and CC 35419 4907 21 uses use NNS 35419 4907 22 of of IN 35419 4907 23 the the DT 35419 4907 24 wood wood NN 35419 4907 25 . . . 35419 4908 1 Sometimes sometimes RB 35419 4908 2 our -PRON- PRP$ 35419 4908 3 progress progress NN 35419 4908 4 is be VBZ 35419 4908 5 not not RB 35419 4908 6 so so RB 35419 4908 7 easy easy JJ 35419 4908 8 ; ; : 35419 4908 9 we -PRON- PRP 35419 4908 10 may may MD 35419 4908 11 waver waver VB 35419 4908 12 in in IN 35419 4908 13 what what WP 35419 4908 14 group group NN 35419 4908 15 or or CC 35419 4908 16 section section NN 35419 4908 17 to to TO 35419 4908 18 place place VB 35419 4908 19 the the DT 35419 4908 20 wood wood NN 35419 4908 21 before before IN 35419 4908 22 us -PRON- PRP 35419 4908 23 . . . 35419 4909 1 In in IN 35419 4909 2 such such JJ 35419 4909 3 cases case NNS 35419 4909 4 we -PRON- PRP 35419 4909 5 may may MD 35419 4909 6 try try VB 35419 4909 7 each each DT 35419 4909 8 of of IN 35419 4909 9 the the DT 35419 4909 10 doubtful doubtful JJ 35419 4909 11 roads road NNS 35419 4909 12 until until IN 35419 4909 13 we -PRON- PRP 35419 4909 14 reach reach VBP 35419 4909 15 a a DT 35419 4909 16 point point NN 35419 4909 17 where where WRB 35419 4909 18 we -PRON- PRP 35419 4909 19 find find VBP 35419 4909 20 ourselves -PRON- PRP 35419 4909 21 entirely entirely RB 35419 4909 22 wrong wrong JJ 35419 4909 23 and and CC 35419 4909 24 then then RB 35419 4909 25 return return VB 35419 4909 26 and and CC 35419 4909 27 take take VB 35419 4909 28 up up RP 35419 4909 29 another another DT 35419 4909 30 line line NN 35419 4909 31 ; ; , 35419 4909 32 or or CC 35419 4909 33 we -PRON- PRP 35419 4909 34 may may MD 35419 4909 35 anticipate anticipate VB 35419 4909 36 some some DT 35419 4909 37 of of IN 35419 4909 38 the the DT 35419 4909 39 later later RB 35419 4909 40 mentioned mention VBN 35419 4909 41 features feature NNS 35419 4909 42 and and CC 35419 4909 43 finding find VBG 35419 4909 44 them -PRON- PRP 35419 4909 45 apply apply VB 35419 4909 46 to to IN 35419 4909 47 our -PRON- PRP$ 35419 4909 48 specimen speciman NNS 35419 4909 49 , , , 35419 4909 50 gain gain VB 35419 4909 51 additional additional JJ 35419 4909 52 assurance assurance NN 35419 4909 53 of of IN 35419 4909 54 the the DT 35419 4909 55 direction direction NN 35419 4909 56 we -PRON- PRP 35419 4909 57 ought ought MD 35419 4909 58 to to TO 35419 4909 59 travel travel VB 35419 4909 60 . . . 35419 4910 1 Color color NN 35419 4910 2 will will MD 35419 4910 3 often often RB 35419 4910 4 help help VB 35419 4910 5 us -PRON- PRP 35419 4910 6 to to TO 35419 4910 7 arrive arrive VB 35419 4910 8 at at IN 35419 4910 9 a a DT 35419 4910 10 speedy speedy JJ 35419 4910 11 decision decision NN 35419 4910 12 . . . 35419 4911 1 In in IN 35419 4911 2 many many JJ 35419 4911 3 cases case NNS 35419 4911 4 , , , 35419 4911 5 especially especially RB 35419 4911 6 with with IN 35419 4911 7 conifers conifer NNS 35419 4911 8 , , , 35419 4911 9 which which WDT 35419 4911 10 are be VBP 35419 4911 11 rather rather RB 35419 4911 12 difficult difficult JJ 35419 4911 13 to to TO 35419 4911 14 distinguish distinguish VB 35419 4911 15 , , , 35419 4911 16 a a DT 35419 4911 17 knowledge knowledge NN 35419 4911 18 of of IN 35419 4911 19 the the DT 35419 4911 20 locality locality NN 35419 4911 21 from from IN 35419 4911 22 which which WDT 35419 4911 23 the the DT 35419 4911 24 specimen speciman NNS 35419 4911 25 comes come VBZ 35419 4911 26 is be VBZ 35419 4911 27 at at IN 35419 4911 28 once once RB 35419 4911 29 decisive decisive JJ 35419 4911 30 . . . 35419 4912 1 Thus thus RB 35419 4912 2 , , , 35419 4912 3 northern northern JJ 35419 4912 4 white white JJ 35419 4912 5 cedar cedar NN 35419 4912 6 , , , 35419 4912 7 and and CC 35419 4912 8 bald bald NNP 35419 4912 9 cypress cypress NNP 35419 4912 10 , , , 35419 4912 11 and and CC 35419 4912 12 the the DT 35419 4912 13 cedar cedar NN 35419 4912 14 of of IN 35419 4912 15 the the DT 35419 4912 16 Pacific Pacific NNP 35419 4912 17 will will MD 35419 4912 18 be be VB 35419 4912 19 identified identify VBN 35419 4912 20 , , , 35419 4912 21 even even RB 35419 4912 22 without without IN 35419 4912 23 the the DT 35419 4912 24 somewhat somewhat RB 35419 4912 25 indefinite indefinite JJ 35419 4912 26 criteria criterion NNS 35419 4912 27 given give VBN 35419 4912 28 in in IN 35419 4912 29 the the DT 35419 4912 30 key key NN 35419 4912 31 . . . 35419 4913 1 KEY key NN 35419 4913 2 TO to IN 35419 4913 3 THE the DT 35419 4913 4 MORE more RBR 35419 4913 5 IMPORTANT important JJ 35419 4913 6 WOODS woods NN 35419 4913 7 OF of IN 35419 4913 8 NORTH NORTH NNP 35419 4913 9 AMERICA AMERICA NNP 35419 4913 10 . . . 35419 4914 1 I. I. NNP 35419 4914 2 NON NON NNP 35419 4914 3 - - JJ 35419 4914 4 POROUS porous NN 35419 4914 5 WOODS woods NN 35419 4914 6 -- -- : 35419 4914 7 Pores pore NNS 35419 4914 8 not not RB 35419 4914 9 visible visible JJ 35419 4914 10 or or CC 35419 4914 11 conspicuous conspicuous JJ 35419 4914 12 on on IN 35419 4914 13 cross cross NN 35419 4914 14 - - NN 35419 4914 15 section section NN 35419 4914 16 , , , 35419 4914 17 even even RB 35419 4914 18 with with IN 35419 4914 19 magnifier magnifier NN 35419 4914 20 . . . 35419 4915 1 Annual annual JJ 35419 4915 2 rings ring NNS 35419 4915 3 distinct distinct JJ 35419 4915 4 by by IN 35419 4915 5 denser denser NN 35419 4915 6 ( ( -LRB- 35419 4915 7 dark dark JJ 35419 4915 8 colored colored JJ 35419 4915 9 ) ) -RRB- 35419 4915 10 bands band NNS 35419 4915 11 of of IN 35419 4915 12 summer summer NN 35419 4915 13 wood wood NN 35419 4915 14 ( ( -LRB- 35419 4915 15 Fig fig NN 35419 4915 16 . . . 35419 4916 1 128 128 CD 35419 4916 2 ) ) -RRB- 35419 4916 3 . . . 35419 4917 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 4917 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 4917 3 : : : 35419 4917 4 Fig Fig NNP 35419 4917 5 . . . 35419 4918 1 128 128 CD 35419 4918 2 . . . 35419 4919 1 " " `` 35419 4919 2 Non non JJ 35419 4919 3 - - JJ 35419 4919 4 porous porous JJ 35419 4919 5 " " '' 35419 4919 6 Woods Woods NNP 35419 4919 7 . . . 35419 4920 1 _ _ NNP 35419 4920 2 A A NNP 35419 4920 3 _ _ NNP 35419 4920 4 , , , 35419 4920 5 fir fir NN 35419 4920 6 ; ; : 35419 4920 7 _ _ NNP 35419 4920 8 B B NNP 35419 4920 9 _ _ NNP 35419 4920 10 , , , 35419 4920 11 " " `` 35419 4920 12 hard hard JJ 35419 4920 13 " " '' 35419 4920 14 pine pine NN 35419 4920 15 ; ; : 35419 4920 16 _ _ NNP 35419 4920 17 C C NNP 35419 4920 18 _ _ NNP 35419 4920 19 , , , 35419 4920 20 soft soft JJ 35419 4920 21 pine pine NN 35419 4920 22 ; ; : 35419 4920 23 _ _ NNP 35419 4920 24 ar ar NNP 35419 4920 25 _ _ NNP 35419 4920 26 , , , 35419 4920 27 annual annual JJ 35419 4920 28 ring ring NN 35419 4920 29 ; ; : 35419 4920 30 _ _ NNP 35419 4920 31 o.e o.e NNP 35419 4920 32 . . NNP 35419 4920 33 _ _ NNP 35419 4920 34 , , , 35419 4920 35 outer outer JJ 35419 4920 36 edge edge NN 35419 4920 37 of of IN 35419 4920 38 ring ring NN 35419 4920 39 ; ; : 35419 4920 40 _ _ NNP 35419 4920 41 i.e. i.e. FW 35419 4920 42 _ _ NNP 35419 4920 43 , , , 35419 4920 44 inner inner JJ 35419 4920 45 edge edge NN 35419 4920 46 of of IN 35419 4920 47 ring ring NN 35419 4920 48 ; ; : 35419 4920 49 _ _ NNP 35419 4920 50 s.w s.w NNP 35419 4920 51 . . NNP 35419 4920 52 _ _ NNP 35419 4920 53 , , , 35419 4920 54 summer summer NN 35419 4920 55 wood wood NN 35419 4920 56 ; ; : 35419 4920 57 _ _ NNP 35419 4920 58 sp.w sp.w NN 35419 4920 59 . . . 35419 4920 60 _ _ NNP 35419 4920 61 , , , 35419 4920 62 spring spring NN 35419 4920 63 wood wood NN 35419 4920 64 ; ; : 35419 4920 65 _ _ NNP 35419 4920 66 rd rd NNP 35419 4920 67 . . NNP 35419 4920 68 _ _ NNP 35419 4920 69 , , , 35419 4920 70 resin resin NN 35419 4920 71 ducts duct NNS 35419 4920 72 . . . 35419 4920 73 ] ] -RRB- 35419 4921 1 II ii CD 35419 4921 2 . . . 35419 4922 1 RING ring NN 35419 4922 2 - - HYPH 35419 4922 3 POROUS porous NN 35419 4922 4 WOODS woods NN 35419 4922 5 -- -- : 35419 4922 6 Pores pore VBZ 35419 4922 7 numerous numerous JJ 35419 4922 8 , , , 35419 4922 9 usually usually RB 35419 4922 10 visible visible JJ 35419 4922 11 on on IN 35419 4922 12 cross cross NN 35419 4922 13 - - NN 35419 4922 14 section section NN 35419 4922 15 without without IN 35419 4922 16 magnifier magnifier NN 35419 4922 17 . . . 35419 4923 1 Annual annual JJ 35419 4923 2 rings ring NNS 35419 4923 3 distinct distinct JJ 35419 4923 4 by by IN 35419 4923 5 a a DT 35419 4923 6 zone zone NN 35419 4923 7 of of IN 35419 4923 8 large large JJ 35419 4923 9 pores pore NNS 35419 4923 10 collected collect VBN 35419 4923 11 in in IN 35419 4923 12 the the DT 35419 4923 13 spring spring NN 35419 4923 14 wood wood NN 35419 4923 15 , , , 35419 4923 16 alternating alternate VBG 35419 4923 17 with with IN 35419 4923 18 the the DT 35419 4923 19 denser denser NN 35419 4923 20 summer summer NN 35419 4923 21 wood wood NN 35419 4923 22 ( ( -LRB- 35419 4923 23 Fig fig NN 35419 4923 24 . . . 35419 4924 1 129 129 CD 35419 4924 2 ) ) -RRB- 35419 4924 3 . . . 35419 4925 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 4925 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 4925 3 : : : 35419 4925 4 Fig Fig NNP 35419 4925 5 . . . 35419 4926 1 129 129 CD 35419 4926 2 . . . 35419 4927 1 " " `` 35419 4927 2 Ring re VBG 35419 4927 3 - - HYPH 35419 4927 4 porous porous JJ 35419 4927 5 " " '' 35419 4927 6 Woods Woods NNP 35419 4927 7 White White NNP 35419 4927 8 Oak Oak NNP 35419 4927 9 and and CC 35419 4927 10 Hickory Hickory NNP 35419 4927 11 . . . 35419 4928 1 _ _ NNP 35419 4928 2 a. a. NN 35419 4929 1 r. r. NNP 35419 4929 2 _ _ NNP 35419 4929 3 , , , 35419 4929 4 annual annual JJ 35419 4929 5 ring ring NN 35419 4929 6 ; ; : 35419 4929 7 _ _ NNP 35419 4929 8 su su NNP 35419 4929 9 . . . 35419 4930 1 w. w. NNP 35419 4930 2 _ _ NNP 35419 4930 3 , , , 35419 4930 4 summer summer NN 35419 4930 5 wood wood NN 35419 4930 6 ; ; : 35419 4930 7 _ _ NNP 35419 4930 8 sp sp NNP 35419 4930 9 . . . 35419 4931 1 w. w. NNP 35419 4931 2 _ _ NNP 35419 4931 3 , , , 35419 4931 4 spring spring NN 35419 4931 5 wood wood NN 35419 4931 6 ; ; : 35419 4931 7 _ _ NNP 35419 4931 8 v v NNP 35419 4931 9 _ _ NNP 35419 4931 10 , , , 35419 4931 11 vessels vessel NNS 35419 4931 12 or or CC 35419 4931 13 pores pore NNS 35419 4931 14 ; ; : 35419 4931 15 _ _ NNP 35419 4931 16 c. c. NNP 35419 4932 1 l. l. NNP 35419 4932 2 _ _ NNP 35419 4932 3 , , , 35419 4932 4 " " `` 35419 4932 5 concentric concentric JJ 35419 4932 6 " " '' 35419 4932 7 lines line NNS 35419 4932 8 ; ; : 35419 4932 9 _ _ NNP 35419 4932 10 rt rt NNP 35419 4932 11 _ _ NNP 35419 4932 12 , , , 35419 4932 13 darker dark JJR 35419 4932 14 tracts tract NNS 35419 4932 15 of of IN 35419 4932 16 hard hard JJ 35419 4932 17 fibers fiber NNS 35419 4932 18 forming form VBG 35419 4932 19 the the DT 35419 4932 20 firm firm JJ 35419 4932 21 part part NN 35419 4932 22 of of IN 35419 4932 23 oak oak NN 35419 4932 24 wood wood NN 35419 4932 25 ; ; : 35419 4932 26 _ _ NNP 35419 4932 27 pr pr NNP 35419 4932 28 _ _ NNP 35419 4932 29 , , , 35419 4932 30 pith pith NNP 35419 4932 31 rays ray NNS 35419 4932 32 . . . 35419 4932 33 ] ] -RRB- 35419 4933 1 III iii CD 35419 4933 2 . . . 35419 4934 1 DIFFUSE diffuse NN 35419 4934 2 - - HYPH 35419 4934 3 POROUS porous NN 35419 4934 4 WOODS woods NN 35419 4934 5 -- -- : 35419 4934 6 Pores pore VBZ 35419 4934 7 numerous numerous JJ 35419 4934 8 , , , 35419 4934 9 usually usually RB 35419 4934 10 not not RB 35419 4934 11 plainly plainly RB 35419 4934 12 visible visible JJ 35419 4934 13 on on IN 35419 4934 14 cross cross NN 35419 4934 15 - - NN 35419 4934 16 section section NN 35419 4934 17 without without IN 35419 4934 18 magnifier magnifier NN 35419 4934 19 . . . 35419 4935 1 Annual annual JJ 35419 4935 2 rings ring NNS 35419 4935 3 distinct distinct JJ 35419 4935 4 by by IN 35419 4935 5 a a DT 35419 4935 6 fine fine JJ 35419 4935 7 line line NN 35419 4935 8 of of IN 35419 4935 9 denser denser NN 35419 4935 10 summer summer NN 35419 4935 11 wood wood NN 35419 4935 12 cells cell NNS 35419 4935 13 , , , 35419 4935 14 often often RB 35419 4935 15 quite quite RB 35419 4935 16 indistinct indistinct JJ 35419 4935 17 ; ; : 35419 4935 18 pores pore NNS 35419 4935 19 scattered scatter VBN 35419 4935 20 thru thru IN 35419 4935 21 annual annual JJ 35419 4935 22 ring ring NN 35419 4935 23 , , , 35419 4935 24 no no DT 35419 4935 25 zone zone NN 35419 4935 26 of of IN 35419 4935 27 collected collect VBN 35419 4935 28 pores pore NNS 35419 4935 29 in in IN 35419 4935 30 spring spring NN 35419 4935 31 wood wood NN 35419 4935 32 ( ( -LRB- 35419 4935 33 Fig fig NN 35419 4935 34 . . . 35419 4936 1 130 130 CD 35419 4936 2 ) ) -RRB- 35419 4936 3 . . . 35419 4937 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 4937 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 4937 3 : : : 35419 4937 4 Fig Fig NNP 35419 4937 5 . . . 35419 4938 1 130 130 CD 35419 4938 2 . . . 35419 4939 1 " " `` 35419 4939 2 Diffuse diffuse NN 35419 4939 3 - - HYPH 35419 4939 4 porous porous JJ 35419 4939 5 " " '' 35419 4939 6 Woods Woods NNP 35419 4939 7 . . . 35419 4940 1 _ _ NNP 35419 4940 2 ar ar NNP 35419 4940 3 _ _ NNP 35419 4940 4 , , , 35419 4940 5 annual annual JJ 35419 4940 6 ring ring NN 35419 4940 7 ; ; : 35419 4940 8 _ _ NNP 35419 4940 9 pr pr NNP 35419 4940 10 _ _ NNP 35419 4940 11 , , , 35419 4940 12 pith pith NNP 35419 4940 13 rays ray NNS 35419 4940 14 which which WDT 35419 4940 15 are be VBP 35419 4940 16 " " `` 35419 4940 17 broad broad JJ 35419 4940 18 " " '' 35419 4940 19 at at IN 35419 4940 20 _ _ NNP 35419 4940 21 a a DT 35419 4940 22 _ _ NNP 35419 4940 23 , , , 35419 4940 24 " " `` 35419 4940 25 fine fine JJ 35419 4940 26 " " '' 35419 4940 27 at at IN 35419 4940 28 _ _ NNP 35419 4940 29 b b NNP 35419 4940 30 _ _ NNP 35419 4940 31 , , , 35419 4940 32 " " `` 35419 4940 33 indistinct indistinct NNP 35419 4940 34 " " '' 35419 4940 35 at at IN 35419 4940 36 _ _ NNP 35419 4940 37 d d NNP 35419 4940 38 _ _ NNP 35419 4940 39 . . . 35419 4940 40 ] ] -RRB- 35419 4941 1 NOTE.--The NOTE.--The NNP 35419 4941 2 above above IN 35419 4941 3 described describe VBN 35419 4941 4 three three CD 35419 4941 5 groups group NNS 35419 4941 6 are be VBP 35419 4941 7 exogenous exogenous JJ 35419 4941 8 , , , 35419 4941 9 i.e. i.e. FW 35419 4941 10 , , , 35419 4941 11 they -PRON- PRP 35419 4941 12 grow grow VBP 35419 4941 13 by by IN 35419 4941 14 adding add VBG 35419 4941 15 annually annually RB 35419 4941 16 wood wood NN 35419 4941 17 on on IN 35419 4941 18 their -PRON- PRP$ 35419 4941 19 circumference circumference NN 35419 4941 20 . . . 35419 4942 1 A a DT 35419 4942 2 fourth fourth JJ 35419 4942 3 group group NN 35419 4942 4 is be VBZ 35419 4942 5 formed form VBN 35419 4942 6 by by IN 35419 4942 7 the the DT 35419 4942 8 endogenous endogenous JJ 35419 4942 9 woods wood NNS 35419 4942 10 , , , 35419 4942 11 like like IN 35419 4942 12 yuccas yuccas NNP 35419 4942 13 and and CC 35419 4942 14 palms palm NNS 35419 4942 15 , , , 35419 4942 16 which which WDT 35419 4942 17 do do VBP 35419 4942 18 not not RB 35419 4942 19 grow grow VB 35419 4942 20 by by IN 35419 4942 21 such such JJ 35419 4942 22 additions addition NNS 35419 4942 23 . . . 35419 4943 1 I.--NON i.--non LS 35419 4943 2 - - HYPH 35419 4943 3 POROUS POROUS NNP 35419 4943 4 WOODS woods NN 35419 4943 5 . . . 35419 4944 1 ( ( -LRB- 35419 4944 2 Includes include VBZ 35419 4944 3 all all DT 35419 4944 4 coniferous coniferous JJ 35419 4944 5 woods wood NNS 35419 4944 6 . . . 35419 4944 7 ) ) -RRB- 35419 4945 1 A. A. NNP 35419 4945 2 Resin Resin NNP 35419 4945 3 ducts duct VBZ 35419 4945 4 wanting want VBG 35419 4945 5 . . . 35419 4946 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 4946 2 1 1 CD 35419 4946 3 ] ] -RRB- 35419 4946 4 1 1 CD 35419 4946 5 . . . 35419 4947 1 No no DT 35419 4947 2 distinct distinct JJ 35419 4947 3 heart heart NN 35419 4947 4 - - HYPH 35419 4947 5 wood wood NN 35419 4947 6 . . . 35419 4948 1 _ _ NNP 35419 4948 2 a. a. NN 35419 4948 3 _ _ NNP 35419 4948 4 Color Color NNP 35419 4948 5 effect effect NN 35419 4948 6 yellowish yellowish JJ 35419 4948 7 white white JJ 35419 4948 8 ; ; : 35419 4948 9 summer summer NN 35419 4948 10 wood wood NN 35419 4948 11 darker darker RBR 35419 4948 12 yellowish yellowish NNP 35419 4948 13 ( ( -LRB- 35419 4948 14 under under IN 35419 4948 15 microscope microscope NN 35419 4948 16 pith pith NNP 35419 4948 17 ray ray NNP 35419 4948 18 without without IN 35419 4948 19 tracheids) tracheids) ADD 35419 4948 20 .......... .......... NFP 35419 4948 21 FIRS firs NN 35419 4948 22 . . . 35419 4949 1 _ _ NNP 35419 4949 2 b. b. NN 35419 4949 3 _ _ NNP 35419 4949 4 Color Color NNP 35419 4949 5 effect effect NN 35419 4949 6 reddish reddish JJ 35419 4949 7 ( ( -LRB- 35419 4949 8 roseate roseate NN 35419 4949 9 ) ) -RRB- 35419 4949 10 ( ( -LRB- 35419 4949 11 under under IN 35419 4949 12 microscope microscope NN 35419 4949 13 pith pith NNP 35419 4949 14 ray ray NNP 35419 4949 15 with with IN 35419 4949 16 tracheids tracheid NNS 35419 4949 17 ) ) -RRB- 35419 4949 18 ................................ ................................ NFP 35419 4949 19 HEMLOCK HEMLOCK NNP 35419 4949 20 . . . 35419 4950 1 2 2 LS 35419 4950 2 . . . 35419 4951 1 Heart heart NN 35419 4951 2 - - HYPH 35419 4951 3 wood wood NN 35419 4951 4 present present NN 35419 4951 5 , , , 35419 4951 6 color color NN 35419 4951 7 decidedly decidedly RB 35419 4951 8 different different JJ 35419 4951 9 in in IN 35419 4951 10 kind kind NN 35419 4951 11 from from IN 35419 4951 12 sap sap NN 35419 4951 13 - - HYPH 35419 4951 14 wood wood NN 35419 4951 15 . . . 35419 4952 1 _ _ NNP 35419 4952 2 a. a. NN 35419 4952 3 _ _ NNP 35419 4952 4 Heart Heart NNP 35419 4952 5 - - HYPH 35419 4952 6 wood wood NN 35419 4952 7 light light NN 35419 4952 8 orange orange VBP 35419 4952 9 red red NNP 35419 4952 10 ; ; : 35419 4952 11 sap sap NN 35419 4952 12 - - HYPH 35419 4952 13 wood wood NN 35419 4952 14 , , , 35419 4952 15 pale pale JJ 35419 4952 16 lemon lemon NN 35419 4952 17 ; ; : 35419 4952 18 wood wood NN 35419 4952 19 , , , 35419 4952 20 heavy heavy JJ 35419 4952 21 and and CC 35419 4952 22 hard hard JJ 35419 4952 23 ......................................... ......................................... . 35419 4952 24 YEW YEW NNP 35419 4952 25 . . . 35419 4953 1 _ _ NNP 35419 4953 2 b. b. NN 35419 4953 3 _ _ NNP 35419 4953 4 Heartwood Heartwood NNP 35419 4953 5 purplish purplish VB 35419 4953 6 to to TO 35419 4953 7 brownish brownish NNP 35419 4953 8 red red NNP 35419 4953 9 ; ; : 35419 4953 10 sap sap NN 35419 4953 11 - - HYPH 35419 4953 12 wood wood NN 35419 4953 13 yellowish yellowish JJ 35419 4953 14 white white JJ 35419 4953 15 ; ; : 35419 4953 16 wood wood NN 35419 4953 17 soft soft JJ 35419 4953 18 to to IN 35419 4953 19 medium medium NNP 35419 4953 20 hard hard RB 35419 4953 21 , , , 35419 4953 22 light light JJ 35419 4953 23 , , , 35419 4953 24 usually usually RB 35419 4953 25 with with IN 35419 4953 26 aromatic aromatic JJ 35419 4953 27 odor odor NN 35419 4953 28 , , , 35419 4953 29 ................................... ................................... . 35419 4953 30 RED red JJ 35419 4953 31 CEDAR CEDAR NNS 35419 4953 32 . . . 35419 4954 1 _ _ NNP 35419 4954 2 c. c. NNP 35419 4954 3 _ _ NNP 35419 4954 4 Heart Heart NNP 35419 4954 5 - - HYPH 35419 4954 6 wood wood NN 35419 4954 7 maroon maroon NN 35419 4954 8 to to IN 35419 4954 9 terra terra NNP 35419 4954 10 cotta cotta NNP 35419 4954 11 or or CC 35419 4954 12 deep deep JJ 35419 4954 13 brownish brownish NN 35419 4954 14 red red NN 35419 4954 15 ; ; : 35419 4954 16 sap sap NN 35419 4954 17 - - HYPH 35419 4954 18 wood wood NN 35419 4954 19 light light NN 35419 4954 20 orange orange VBP 35419 4954 21 to to IN 35419 4954 22 dark dark JJ 35419 4954 23 amber amber NN 35419 4954 24 , , , 35419 4954 25 very very RB 35419 4954 26 soft soft JJ 35419 4954 27 and and CC 35419 4954 28 light light JJ 35419 4954 29 , , , 35419 4954 30 no no DT 35419 4954 31 odor odor NN 35419 4954 32 ; ; : 35419 4954 33 pith pith NNP 35419 4954 34 rays ray NNS 35419 4954 35 very very RB 35419 4954 36 distinct distinct JJ 35419 4954 37 , , , 35419 4954 38 specially specially RB 35419 4954 39 pronounced pronounce VBN 35419 4954 40 on on IN 35419 4954 41 radial radial JJ 35419 4954 42 section section NN 35419 4954 43 .................................. .................................. . 35419 4954 44 REDWOOD REDWOOD NNP 35419 4954 45 . . . 35419 4955 1 3 3 LS 35419 4955 2 . . . 35419 4956 1 Heart heart NN 35419 4956 2 - - HYPH 35419 4956 3 wood wood NN 35419 4956 4 present present NN 35419 4956 5 , , , 35419 4956 6 color color NN 35419 4956 7 only only RB 35419 4956 8 different different JJ 35419 4956 9 in in IN 35419 4956 10 shade shade NN 35419 4956 11 from from IN 35419 4956 12 sap sap NN 35419 4956 13 - - HYPH 35419 4956 14 wood wood NN 35419 4956 15 , , , 35419 4956 16 dingy dingy JJ 35419 4956 17 - - HYPH 35419 4956 18 yellowish yellowish JJ 35419 4956 19 brown brown NN 35419 4956 20 . . . 35419 4957 1 _ _ NNP 35419 4957 2 a. a. NN 35419 4957 3 _ _ NNP 35419 4957 4 Odorless Odorless NNP 35419 4957 5 and and CC 35419 4957 6 tasteless tasteless NN 35419 4957 7 ........................ ........................ NFP 35419 4957 8 BALD bald JJ 35419 4957 9 CYPRESS CYPRESS NNP 35419 4957 10 . . . 35419 4958 1 _ _ NNP 35419 4958 2 b. b. NN 35419 4958 3 _ _ NNP 35419 4958 4 Wood Wood NNP 35419 4958 5 with with IN 35419 4958 6 mild mild JJ 35419 4958 7 resinous resinous JJ 35419 4958 8 odor odor NN 35419 4958 9 , , , 35419 4958 10 but but CC 35419 4958 11 tasteless tasteless JJ 35419 4958 12 .... .... NFP 35419 4958 13 WHITE white JJ 35419 4958 14 CEDAR CEDAR NNS 35419 4958 15 . . . 35419 4959 1 _ _ NNP 35419 4959 2 c. c. NNP 35419 4959 3 _ _ NNP 35419 4959 4 Wood Wood NNP 35419 4959 5 with with IN 35419 4959 6 strong strong JJ 35419 4959 7 resinous resinous JJ 35419 4959 8 odor odor NN 35419 4959 9 and and CC 35419 4959 10 peppery peppery NN 35419 4959 11 taste taste NN 35419 4959 12 when when WRB 35419 4959 13 freshly freshly RB 35419 4959 14 cut cut VBN 35419 4959 15 , , , 35419 4959 16 ................................ ................................ NFP 35419 4959 17 INCENSE INCENSE NNP 35419 4959 18 CEDAR CEDAR NNS 35419 4959 19 . . . 35419 4960 1 B. B. NNP 35419 4960 2 Resin Resin NNP 35419 4960 3 ducts duct VBZ 35419 4960 4 present present JJ 35419 4960 5 . . . 35419 4961 1 1 1 LS 35419 4961 2 . . . 35419 4962 1 No no DT 35419 4962 2 distinct distinct JJ 35419 4962 3 heartwood heartwood NN 35419 4962 4 ; ; : 35419 4962 5 color color NN 35419 4962 6 white white JJ 35419 4962 7 , , , 35419 4962 8 resin resin NN 35419 4962 9 ducts duct NNS 35419 4962 10 very very RB 35419 4962 11 small small JJ 35419 4962 12 , , , 35419 4962 13 not not RB 35419 4962 14 numerous numerous JJ 35419 4962 15 ............................................ ............................................ NFP 35419 4962 16 SPRUCE SPRUCE NNP 35419 4962 17 . . . 35419 4963 1 2 2 LS 35419 4963 2 . . . 35419 4964 1 Distinct distinct JJ 35419 4964 2 heart heart NN 35419 4964 3 - - HYPH 35419 4964 4 wood wood NN 35419 4964 5 present present NN 35419 4964 6 . . . 35419 4965 1 _ _ NNP 35419 4965 2 a. a. NN 35419 4965 3 _ _ NNP 35419 4965 4 Resin Resin NNP 35419 4965 5 ducts duct VBZ 35419 4965 6 numerous numerous JJ 35419 4965 7 , , , 35419 4965 8 evenly evenly RB 35419 4965 9 scattered scatter VBN 35419 4965 10 thru thru IN 35419 4965 11 the the DT 35419 4965 12 ring ring NN 35419 4965 13 . . . 35419 4966 1 _ _ NNP 35419 4966 2 a. a. NN 35419 4967 1 ' ' `` 35419 4967 2 _ _ NNP 35419 4967 3 Transition Transition NNP 35419 4967 4 from from IN 35419 4967 5 spring spring NN 35419 4967 6 wood wood NN 35419 4967 7 to to IN 35419 4967 8 summer summer NN 35419 4967 9 wood wood NN 35419 4967 10 gradual gradual JJ 35419 4967 11 ; ; : 35419 4967 12 annual annual JJ 35419 4967 13 ring ring NN 35419 4967 14 distinguished distinguish VBN 35419 4967 15 by by IN 35419 4967 16 a a DT 35419 4967 17 fine fine JJ 35419 4967 18 line line NN 35419 4967 19 of of IN 35419 4967 20 dense dense JJ 35419 4967 21 summer summer NN 35419 4967 22 - - HYPH 35419 4967 23 wood wood NN 35419 4967 24 cells cell NNS 35419 4967 25 ; ; , 35419 4967 26 color color NN 35419 4967 27 , , , 35419 4967 28 white white JJ 35419 4967 29 to to TO 35419 4967 30 yellowish yellowish VB 35419 4967 31 red red JJ 35419 4967 32 ; ; : 35419 4967 33 wood wood NN 35419 4967 34 soft soft JJ 35419 4967 35 and and CC 35419 4967 36 light light JJ 35419 4967 37 ....................... ....................... . 35419 4967 38 SOFT soft JJ 35419 4967 39 PINES pine NNS 35419 4967 40 . . . 35419 4968 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 4968 2 2 2 LS 35419 4968 3 ] ] -RRB- 35419 4968 4 _ _ NNP 35419 4968 5 b. b. NN 35419 4969 1 ' ' `` 35419 4969 2 _ _ NNP 35419 4969 3 Transition Transition NNP 35419 4969 4 from from IN 35419 4969 5 spring spring NN 35419 4969 6 wood wood NN 35419 4969 7 to to IN 35419 4969 8 summer summer NN 35419 4969 9 wood wood NN 35419 4969 10 more more RBR 35419 4969 11 or or CC 35419 4969 12 less less RBR 35419 4969 13 abrupt abrupt JJ 35419 4969 14 ; ; : 35419 4969 15 broad broad JJ 35419 4969 16 bands band NNS 35419 4969 17 of of IN 35419 4969 18 dark dark JJ 35419 4969 19 - - HYPH 35419 4969 20 colored colored JJ 35419 4969 21 summer summer NN 35419 4969 22 wood wood NN 35419 4969 23 ; ; , 35419 4969 24 color color NN 35419 4969 25 from from IN 35419 4969 26 light light NN 35419 4969 27 to to IN 35419 4969 28 deep deep JJ 35419 4969 29 orange orange NN 35419 4969 30 ; ; : 35419 4969 31 wood wood NN 35419 4969 32 medium medium NN 35419 4969 33 hard hard JJ 35419 4969 34 and and CC 35419 4969 35 heavy heavy JJ 35419 4969 36 ............................ ............................ NFP 35419 4969 37 HARD hard JJ 35419 4969 38 PINES pine NNS 35419 4969 39 . . . 35419 4970 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 4970 2 2 2 LS 35419 4970 3 ] ] -RRB- 35419 4970 4 _ _ NNP 35419 4970 5 b. b. NN 35419 4970 6 _ _ NNP 35419 4970 7 Resin Resin NNP 35419 4970 8 ducts duct VBZ 35419 4970 9 not not RB 35419 4970 10 numerous numerous JJ 35419 4970 11 nor nor CC 35419 4970 12 evenly evenly RB 35419 4970 13 distributed distribute VBN 35419 4970 14 . . . 35419 4971 1 _ _ NNP 35419 4971 2 a a DT 35419 4971 3 ' ' '' 35419 4971 4 . . . 35419 4971 5 _ _ NNP 35419 4971 6 Color Color NNP 35419 4971 7 of of IN 35419 4971 8 heart heart NN 35419 4971 9 - - HYPH 35419 4971 10 wood wood NN 35419 4971 11 orange orange JJ 35419 4971 12 - - HYPH 35419 4971 13 reddish reddish JJ 35419 4971 14 , , , 35419 4971 15 sap sap NN 35419 4971 16 - - HYPH 35419 4971 17 wood wood NN 35419 4971 18 yellowish yellowish NN 35419 4971 19 ( ( -LRB- 35419 4971 20 same same JJ 35419 4971 21 as as IN 35419 4971 22 hard hard JJ 35419 4971 23 pine pine NN 35419 4971 24 ) ) -RRB- 35419 4971 25 ; ; : 35419 4971 26 resin resin NN 35419 4971 27 ducts duct NNS 35419 4971 28 frequently frequently RB 35419 4971 29 combined combine VBN 35419 4971 30 in in IN 35419 4971 31 groups group NNS 35419 4971 32 of of IN 35419 4971 33 8 8 CD 35419 4971 34 to to TO 35419 4971 35 30 30 CD 35419 4971 36 , , , 35419 4971 37 forming form VBG 35419 4971 38 lines line NNS 35419 4971 39 on on IN 35419 4971 40 the the DT 35419 4971 41 cross cross JJ 35419 4971 42 - - NN 35419 4971 43 section section JJ 35419 4971 44 ( ( -LRB- 35419 4971 45 tracheids tracheid NNS 35419 4971 46 with with IN 35419 4971 47 spirals spiral NNS 35419 4971 48 ) ) -RRB- 35419 4971 49 , , , 35419 4971 50 .............. .............. NFP 35419 4971 51 DOUGLAS DOUGLAS NNP 35419 4971 52 SPRUCE SPRUCE NNP 35419 4971 53 . . . 35419 4972 1 _ _ NNP 35419 4972 2 b b NNP 35419 4972 3 ' ' '' 35419 4972 4 . . . 35419 4972 5 _ _ NNP 35419 4972 6 Color Color NNP 35419 4972 7 of of IN 35419 4972 8 heart heart NN 35419 4972 9 - - HYPH 35419 4972 10 wood wood NN 35419 4972 11 light light NN 35419 4972 12 russet russet NN 35419 4972 13 brown brown NNP 35419 4972 14 ; ; : 35419 4972 15 of of IN 35419 4972 16 sap sap NN 35419 4972 17 - - HYPH 35419 4972 18 wood wood NN 35419 4972 19 yellowish yellowish NNP 35419 4972 20 brown brown NN 35419 4972 21 ; ; : 35419 4972 22 resin resin NN 35419 4972 23 ducts duct NNS 35419 4972 24 very very RB 35419 4972 25 few few JJ 35419 4972 26 , , , 35419 4972 27 irregularly irregularly RB 35419 4972 28 scattered scatter VBN 35419 4972 29 ( ( -LRB- 35419 4972 30 tracheids tracheid NNS 35419 4972 31 without without IN 35419 4972 32 spirals spiral NNS 35419 4972 33 ) ) -RRB- 35419 4972 34 ........ ........ . 35419 4972 35 TAMARACK TAMARACK NNS 35419 4972 36 . . . 35419 4973 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 4973 2 Footnote footnote NN 35419 4973 3 1 1 CD 35419 4973 4 : : : 35419 4973 5 Soft soft JJ 35419 4973 6 and and CC 35419 4973 7 hard hard JJ 35419 4973 8 pines pine NNS 35419 4973 9 are be VBP 35419 4973 10 arbitrary arbitrary JJ 35419 4973 11 distinctions distinction NNS 35419 4973 12 and and CC 35419 4973 13 the the DT 35419 4973 14 two two CD 35419 4973 15 not not RB 35419 4973 16 distinguishable distinguishable JJ 35419 4973 17 at at IN 35419 4973 18 the the DT 35419 4973 19 limit limit NN 35419 4973 20 . . . 35419 4973 21 ] ] -RRB- 35419 4974 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 4974 2 Footnote footnote NN 35419 4974 3 2 2 CD 35419 4974 4 : : : 35419 4974 5 To to TO 35419 4974 6 discover discover VB 35419 4974 7 the the DT 35419 4974 8 resin resin NN 35419 4974 9 ducts duct VBZ 35419 4974 10 a a DT 35419 4974 11 very very RB 35419 4974 12 smooth smooth JJ 35419 4974 13 surface surface NN 35419 4974 14 is be VBZ 35419 4974 15 necessary necessary JJ 35419 4974 16 , , , 35419 4974 17 since since IN 35419 4974 18 resin resin NN 35419 4974 19 ducts duct NNS 35419 4974 20 are be VBP 35419 4974 21 frequently frequently RB 35419 4974 22 seen see VBN 35419 4974 23 only only RB 35419 4974 24 with with IN 35419 4974 25 difficulty difficulty NN 35419 4974 26 , , , 35419 4974 27 appearing appear VBG 35419 4974 28 on on IN 35419 4974 29 the the DT 35419 4974 30 cross cross JJ 35419 4974 31 - - NN 35419 4974 32 section section NN 35419 4974 33 as as IN 35419 4974 34 fine fine JJ 35419 4974 35 whiter whiter NN 35419 4974 36 or or CC 35419 4974 37 darker dark JJR 35419 4974 38 spots spot NNS 35419 4974 39 normally normally RB 35419 4974 40 scattered scatter VBN 35419 4974 41 singly singly RB 35419 4974 42 , , , 35419 4974 43 rarely rarely RB 35419 4974 44 in in IN 35419 4974 45 groups group NNS 35419 4974 46 , , , 35419 4974 47 usually usually RB 35419 4974 48 in in IN 35419 4974 49 the the DT 35419 4974 50 summer summer NN 35419 4974 51 wood wood NN 35419 4974 52 of of IN 35419 4974 53 the the DT 35419 4974 54 annual annual JJ 35419 4974 55 ring ring NN 35419 4974 56 . . . 35419 4975 1 They -PRON- PRP 35419 4975 2 are be VBP 35419 4975 3 often often RB 35419 4975 4 much much RB 35419 4975 5 more more RBR 35419 4975 6 easily easily RB 35419 4975 7 seen see VBN 35419 4975 8 on on IN 35419 4975 9 radial radial JJ 35419 4975 10 , , , 35419 4975 11 and and CC 35419 4975 12 still still RB 35419 4975 13 more more RBR 35419 4975 14 so so RB 35419 4975 15 on on IN 35419 4975 16 tangential tangential JJ 35419 4975 17 sections section NNS 35419 4975 18 , , , 35419 4975 19 appearing appear VBG 35419 4975 20 there there RB 35419 4975 21 as as IN 35419 4975 22 fine fine JJ 35419 4975 23 lines line NNS 35419 4975 24 or or CC 35419 4975 25 dots dot NNS 35419 4975 26 of of IN 35419 4975 27 open open JJ 35419 4975 28 structure structure NN 35419 4975 29 of of IN 35419 4975 30 different different JJ 35419 4975 31 color color NN 35419 4975 32 or or CC 35419 4975 33 as as IN 35419 4975 34 indentations indentation NNS 35419 4975 35 or or CC 35419 4975 36 pin pin NN 35419 4975 37 scratches scratch VBZ 35419 4975 38 in in IN 35419 4975 39 a a DT 35419 4975 40 longitudinal longitudinal JJ 35419 4975 41 direction direction NN 35419 4975 42 . . . 35419 4975 43 ] ] -RRB- 35419 4976 1 = = NFP 35419 4976 2 = = NFP 35419 4976 3 = = NFP 35419 4976 4 = = SYM 35419 4976 5 ADDITIONAL additional JJ 35419 4976 6 NOTES note NNS 35419 4976 7 FOR for IN 35419 4976 8 DISTINCTIONS distinctions NN 35419 4976 9 IN in IN 35419 4976 10 THE the DT 35419 4976 11 GROUP GROUP NNP 35419 4976 12 . . . 35419 4977 1 Spruce spruce NN 35419 4977 2 is be VBZ 35419 4977 3 hardly hardly RB 35419 4977 4 distinguishable distinguishable JJ 35419 4977 5 from from IN 35419 4977 6 fir fir NN 35419 4977 7 , , , 35419 4977 8 except except IN 35419 4977 9 by by IN 35419 4977 10 the the DT 35419 4977 11 existence existence NN 35419 4977 12 of of IN 35419 4977 13 the the DT 35419 4977 14 resin resin NN 35419 4977 15 ducts duct NNS 35419 4977 16 , , , 35419 4977 17 and and CC 35419 4977 18 microscopically microscopically RB 35419 4977 19 by by IN 35419 4977 20 the the DT 35419 4977 21 presence presence NN 35419 4977 22 of of IN 35419 4977 23 tracheids tracheid NNS 35419 4977 24 in in IN 35419 4977 25 the the DT 35419 4977 26 medullary medullary JJ 35419 4977 27 rays ray NNS 35419 4977 28 . . . 35419 4978 1 Spruce spruce NN 35419 4978 2 may may MD 35419 4978 3 also also RB 35419 4978 4 be be VB 35419 4978 5 confounded confound VBN 35419 4978 6 with with IN 35419 4978 7 soft soft JJ 35419 4978 8 pine pine NN 35419 4978 9 , , , 35419 4978 10 except except IN 35419 4978 11 for for IN 35419 4978 12 the the DT 35419 4978 13 heart heart NN 35419 4978 14 - - HYPH 35419 4978 15 wood wood NN 35419 4978 16 color color NN 35419 4978 17 of of IN 35419 4978 18 the the DT 35419 4978 19 latter latter JJ 35419 4978 20 and and CC 35419 4978 21 the the DT 35419 4978 22 larger large JJR 35419 4978 23 , , , 35419 4978 24 more more RBR 35419 4978 25 frequent frequent JJ 35419 4978 26 , , , 35419 4978 27 and and CC 35419 4978 28 more more RBR 35419 4978 29 readily readily RB 35419 4978 30 visible visible JJ 35419 4978 31 resin resin NN 35419 4978 32 ducts duct NNS 35419 4978 33 . . . 35419 4979 1 In in IN 35419 4979 2 the the DT 35419 4979 3 lumber lumber NN 35419 4979 4 yard yard NN 35419 4979 5 , , , 35419 4979 6 hemlock hemlock NNP 35419 4979 7 is be VBZ 35419 4979 8 usually usually RB 35419 4979 9 recognized recognize VBN 35419 4979 10 by by IN 35419 4979 11 color color NN 35419 4979 12 and and CC 35419 4979 13 the the DT 35419 4979 14 silvery silvery JJ 35419 4979 15 character character NN 35419 4979 16 of of IN 35419 4979 17 its -PRON- PRP$ 35419 4979 18 surface surface NN 35419 4979 19 . . . 35419 4980 1 Western western JJ 35419 4980 2 hemlocks hemlock NNS 35419 4980 3 partake partake NN 35419 4980 4 of of IN 35419 4980 5 this this DT 35419 4980 6 last last JJ 35419 4980 7 character character NN 35419 4980 8 to to IN 35419 4980 9 a a DT 35419 4980 10 less less JJR 35419 4980 11 degree degree NN 35419 4980 12 . . . 35419 4981 1 Microscopically microscopically RB 35419 4981 2 the the DT 35419 4981 3 white white JJ 35419 4981 4 pine pine NN 35419 4981 5 can can MD 35419 4981 6 be be VB 35419 4981 7 distinguished distinguish VBN 35419 4981 8 by by IN 35419 4981 9 having have VBG 35419 4981 10 usually usually RB 35419 4981 11 only only RB 35419 4981 12 one one CD 35419 4981 13 large large JJ 35419 4981 14 pit pit NN 35419 4981 15 , , , 35419 4981 16 while while IN 35419 4981 17 spruce spruce NN 35419 4981 18 shows show VBZ 35419 4981 19 three three CD 35419 4981 20 to to TO 35419 4981 21 five five CD 35419 4981 22 very very RB 35419 4981 23 small small JJ 35419 4981 24 pits pit NNS 35419 4981 25 in in IN 35419 4981 26 the the DT 35419 4981 27 parenchyma parenchyma NN 35419 4981 28 cells cell NNS 35419 4981 29 of of IN 35419 4981 30 the the DT 35419 4981 31 pith pith NNP 35419 4981 32 ray ray NNP 35419 4981 33 communicating communicate VBG 35419 4981 34 with with IN 35419 4981 35 the the DT 35419 4981 36 tracheid tracheid NN 35419 4981 37 . . . 35419 4982 1 The the DT 35419 4982 2 distinction distinction NN 35419 4982 3 of of IN 35419 4982 4 the the DT 35419 4982 5 pines pine NNS 35419 4982 6 is be VBZ 35419 4982 7 possible possible JJ 35419 4982 8 only only RB 35419 4982 9 by by IN 35419 4982 10 microscopic microscopic JJ 35419 4982 11 examination examination NN 35419 4982 12 . . . 35419 4983 1 The the DT 35419 4983 2 following follow VBG 35419 4983 3 distinctive distinctive JJ 35419 4983 4 features feature NNS 35419 4983 5 may may MD 35419 4983 6 assist assist VB 35419 4983 7 in in IN 35419 4983 8 recognizing recognize VBG 35419 4983 9 , , , 35419 4983 10 when when WRB 35419 4983 11 in in IN 35419 4983 12 the the DT 35419 4983 13 log log NN 35419 4983 14 or or CC 35419 4983 15 lumber lumber NN 35419 4983 16 pile pile NN 35419 4983 17 , , , 35419 4983 18 those those DT 35419 4983 19 usually usually RB 35419 4983 20 found find VBN 35419 4983 21 in in IN 35419 4983 22 the the DT 35419 4983 23 market market NN 35419 4983 24 : : : 35419 4983 25 The the DT 35419 4983 26 light light NN 35419 4983 27 , , , 35419 4983 28 straw straw NN 35419 4983 29 color color NN 35419 4983 30 , , , 35419 4983 31 combined combine VBN 35419 4983 32 with with IN 35419 4983 33 great great JJ 35419 4983 34 lightness lightness NN 35419 4983 35 and and CC 35419 4983 36 softness softness NN 35419 4983 37 , , , 35419 4983 38 distinguishes distinguish VBZ 35419 4983 39 the the DT 35419 4983 40 white white NNP 35419 4983 41 pines pines NNPS 35419 4983 42 ( ( -LRB- 35419 4983 43 white white NNP 35419 4983 44 pine pine NN 35419 4983 45 and and CC 35419 4983 46 sugar sugar NN 35419 4983 47 pine pine NN 35419 4983 48 ) ) -RRB- 35419 4983 49 from from IN 35419 4983 50 the the DT 35419 4983 51 hard hard JJ 35419 4983 52 pines pine NNS 35419 4983 53 ( ( -LRB- 35419 4983 54 all all DT 35419 4983 55 others other NNS 35419 4983 56 in in IN 35419 4983 57 the the DT 35419 4983 58 market market NN 35419 4983 59 ) ) -RRB- 35419 4983 60 , , , 35419 4983 61 which which WDT 35419 4983 62 may may MD 35419 4983 63 also also RB 35419 4983 64 be be VB 35419 4983 65 recognized recognize VBN 35419 4983 66 by by IN 35419 4983 67 the the DT 35419 4983 68 gradual gradual JJ 35419 4983 69 change change NN 35419 4983 70 of of IN 35419 4983 71 spring spring NN 35419 4983 72 wood wood NN 35419 4983 73 into into IN 35419 4983 74 summer summer NN 35419 4983 75 wood wood NN 35419 4983 76 . . . 35419 4984 1 This this DT 35419 4984 2 change change NN 35419 4984 3 in in IN 35419 4984 4 hard hard JJ 35419 4984 5 pines pine NNS 35419 4984 6 is be VBZ 35419 4984 7 abrupt abrupt JJ 35419 4984 8 , , , 35419 4984 9 making make VBG 35419 4984 10 the the DT 35419 4984 11 summer summer NN 35419 4984 12 wood wood NN 35419 4984 13 appear appear VBP 35419 4984 14 as as IN 35419 4984 15 a a DT 35419 4984 16 sharply sharply RB 35419 4984 17 defined define VBN 35419 4984 18 and and CC 35419 4984 19 more more RBR 35419 4984 20 or or CC 35419 4984 21 less less RBR 35419 4984 22 broad broad JJ 35419 4984 23 band band NN 35419 4984 24 . . . 35419 4985 1 The the DT 35419 4985 2 Norway Norway NNP 35419 4985 3 pine pine NN 35419 4985 4 , , , 35419 4985 5 which which WDT 35419 4985 6 may may MD 35419 4985 7 be be VB 35419 4985 8 confounded confound VBN 35419 4985 9 with with IN 35419 4985 10 the the DT 35419 4985 11 shortleaf shortleaf NN 35419 4985 12 pine pine NN 35419 4985 13 , , , 35419 4985 14 can can MD 35419 4985 15 be be VB 35419 4985 16 distinguished distinguish VBN 35419 4985 17 by by IN 35419 4985 18 being be VBG 35419 4985 19 much much RB 35419 4985 20 lighter light JJR 35419 4985 21 and and CC 35419 4985 22 softer soft JJR 35419 4985 23 . . . 35419 4986 1 It -PRON- PRP 35419 4986 2 may may MD 35419 4986 3 also also RB 35419 4986 4 , , , 35419 4986 5 but but CC 35419 4986 6 more more RBR 35419 4986 7 rarely rarely RB 35419 4986 8 , , , 35419 4986 9 be be VB 35419 4986 10 confounded confound VBN 35419 4986 11 with with IN 35419 4986 12 heavier heavy JJR 35419 4986 13 white white JJ 35419 4986 14 pine pine NN 35419 4986 15 , , , 35419 4986 16 but but CC 35419 4986 17 for for IN 35419 4986 18 the the DT 35419 4986 19 sharper sharp JJR 35419 4986 20 definition definition NN 35419 4986 21 of of IN 35419 4986 22 the the DT 35419 4986 23 annual annual JJ 35419 4986 24 ring ring NN 35419 4986 25 , , , 35419 4986 26 weight weight NN 35419 4986 27 , , , 35419 4986 28 and and CC 35419 4986 29 hardness hardness NN 35419 4986 30 . . . 35419 4987 1 The the DT 35419 4987 2 longleaf longleaf NN 35419 4987 3 pine pine NN 35419 4987 4 is be VBZ 35419 4987 5 strikingly strikingly RB 35419 4987 6 heavy heavy JJ 35419 4987 7 , , , 35419 4987 8 hard hard JJ 35419 4987 9 , , , 35419 4987 10 and and CC 35419 4987 11 resinous resinous JJ 35419 4987 12 , , , 35419 4987 13 and and CC 35419 4987 14 usually usually RB 35419 4987 15 very very RB 35419 4987 16 regular regular JJ 35419 4987 17 and and CC 35419 4987 18 narrow narrow JJ 35419 4987 19 ringed ringed JJ 35419 4987 20 , , , 35419 4987 21 showing show VBG 35419 4987 22 little little JJ 35419 4987 23 sap sap NN 35419 4987 24 - - HYPH 35419 4987 25 wood wood NN 35419 4987 26 , , , 35419 4987 27 and and CC 35419 4987 28 differing differ VBG 35419 4987 29 in in IN 35419 4987 30 this this DT 35419 4987 31 respect respect NN 35419 4987 32 from from IN 35419 4987 33 the the DT 35419 4987 34 shortleaf shortleaf NN 35419 4987 35 pine pine NN 35419 4987 36 and and CC 35419 4987 37 loblolly loblolly RB 35419 4987 38 pine pine JJ 35419 4987 39 , , , 35419 4987 40 which which WDT 35419 4987 41 usually usually RB 35419 4987 42 have have VBP 35419 4987 43 wider wide JJR 35419 4987 44 rings ring NNS 35419 4987 45 and and CC 35419 4987 46 more more JJR 35419 4987 47 sap sap NN 35419 4987 48 - - HYPH 35419 4987 49 wood wood NN 35419 4987 50 , , , 35419 4987 51 the the DT 35419 4987 52 latter latter JJ 35419 4987 53 excelling excelling NN 35419 4987 54 in in IN 35419 4987 55 that that DT 35419 4987 56 respect respect NN 35419 4987 57 . . . 35419 4988 1 The the DT 35419 4988 2 following follow VBG 35419 4988 3 convenient convenient JJ 35419 4988 4 and and CC 35419 4988 5 useful useful JJ 35419 4988 6 classification classification NN 35419 4988 7 of of IN 35419 4988 8 pines pine NNS 35419 4988 9 into into IN 35419 4988 10 four four CD 35419 4988 11 groups group NNS 35419 4988 12 , , , 35419 4988 13 proposed propose VBN 35419 4988 14 by by IN 35419 4988 15 Dr. Dr. NNP 35419 4988 16 H. H. NNP 35419 4988 17 Mayr Mayr NNP 35419 4988 18 , , , 35419 4988 19 is be VBZ 35419 4988 20 based base VBN 35419 4988 21 on on IN 35419 4988 22 the the DT 35419 4988 23 appearance appearance NN 35419 4988 24 of of IN 35419 4988 25 the the DT 35419 4988 26 pith pith NNP 35419 4988 27 ray ray NNP 35419 4988 28 as as IN 35419 4988 29 seen see VBN 35419 4988 30 in in IN 35419 4988 31 a a DT 35419 4988 32 radial radial JJ 35419 4988 33 section section NN 35419 4988 34 of of IN 35419 4988 35 the the DT 35419 4988 36 spring spring NN 35419 4988 37 wood wood NN 35419 4988 38 of of IN 35419 4988 39 any any DT 35419 4988 40 ring ring NN 35419 4988 41 : : : 35419 4988 42 Section section NN 35419 4988 43 I. i. NN 35419 4989 1 Walls wall NNS 35419 4989 2 of of IN 35419 4989 3 the the DT 35419 4989 4 tracheids tracheid NNS 35419 4989 5 of of IN 35419 4989 6 the the DT 35419 4989 7 pith pith NNP 35419 4989 8 ray ray NNP 35419 4989 9 with with IN 35419 4989 10 dentate dentate NN 35419 4989 11 projections projection NNS 35419 4989 12 . . . 35419 4990 1 _ _ NNP 35419 4990 2 a. a. NN 35419 4990 3 _ _ NNP 35419 4990 4 One one CD 35419 4990 5 to to IN 35419 4990 6 two two CD 35419 4990 7 large large JJ 35419 4990 8 , , , 35419 4990 9 simple simple JJ 35419 4990 10 pits pit NNS 35419 4990 11 to to IN 35419 4990 12 each each DT 35419 4990 13 tracheid tracheid NN 35419 4990 14 on on IN 35419 4990 15 the the DT 35419 4990 16 radial radial JJ 35419 4990 17 walls wall NNS 35419 4990 18 of of IN 35419 4990 19 the the DT 35419 4990 20 cells cell NNS 35419 4990 21 of of IN 35419 4990 22 the the DT 35419 4990 23 pith pith NNP 35419 4990 24 ray.--Group ray.--Group NNP 35419 4990 25 1 1 CD 35419 4990 26 . . . 35419 4991 1 Represented represent VBN 35419 4991 2 in in IN 35419 4991 3 this this DT 35419 4991 4 country country NN 35419 4991 5 only only RB 35419 4991 6 by by IN 35419 4991 7 _ _ NNP 35419 4991 8 P. P. NNP 35419 4992 1 resinosa resinosa NNP 35419 4992 2 _ _ NNP 35419 4992 3 . . . 35419 4993 1 _ _ NNP 35419 4993 2 b. b. NN 35419 4993 3 _ _ NNP 35419 4993 4 Three three CD 35419 4993 5 to to TO 35419 4993 6 six six CD 35419 4993 7 simple simple JJ 35419 4993 8 pits pit NNS 35419 4993 9 to to IN 35419 4993 10 each each DT 35419 4993 11 tracheid tracheid NN 35419 4993 12 , , , 35419 4993 13 on on IN 35419 4993 14 the the DT 35419 4993 15 walls wall NNS 35419 4993 16 of of IN 35419 4993 17 the the DT 35419 4993 18 cells cell NNS 35419 4993 19 of of IN 35419 4993 20 the the DT 35419 4993 21 pith pith NNP 35419 4993 22 ray.--Group ray.--Group NNP 35419 4993 23 2 2 CD 35419 4993 24 . . . 35419 4994 1 _ _ NNP 35419 4994 2 P. P. NNP 35419 4995 1 taeda taeda NNP 35419 4995 2 _ _ NNP 35419 4995 3 , , , 35419 4995 4 _ _ NNP 35419 4995 5 palustris palustris NNP 35419 4995 6 _ _ NNP 35419 4995 7 , , , 35419 4995 8 etc etc FW 35419 4995 9 . . FW 35419 4995 10 , , , 35419 4995 11 including include VBG 35419 4995 12 most most JJS 35419 4995 13 of of IN 35419 4995 14 our -PRON- PRP$ 35419 4995 15 " " `` 35419 4995 16 hard hard JJ 35419 4995 17 " " '' 35419 4995 18 and and CC 35419 4995 19 " " `` 35419 4995 20 yellow yellow JJ 35419 4995 21 " " '' 35419 4995 22 pines pine NNS 35419 4995 23 . . . 35419 4996 1 Section section NN 35419 4996 2 II ii CD 35419 4996 3 . . . 35419 4997 1 Walls wall NNS 35419 4997 2 of of IN 35419 4997 3 tracheids tracheid NNS 35419 4997 4 of of IN 35419 4997 5 pith pith NNP 35419 4997 6 ray ray NNP 35419 4997 7 smooth smooth NNP 35419 4997 8 , , , 35419 4997 9 without without IN 35419 4997 10 dentate dentate NN 35419 4997 11 projections projection NNS 35419 4997 12 . . . 35419 4998 1 _ _ NNP 35419 4998 2 a. a. NN 35419 4998 3 _ _ NNP 35419 4998 4 One one CD 35419 4998 5 or or CC 35419 4998 6 two two CD 35419 4998 7 large large JJ 35419 4998 8 pits pit NNS 35419 4998 9 to to IN 35419 4998 10 each each DT 35419 4998 11 tracheid tracheid NN 35419 4998 12 on on IN 35419 4998 13 the the DT 35419 4998 14 radial radial JJ 35419 4998 15 walls wall NNS 35419 4998 16 of of IN 35419 4998 17 each each DT 35419 4998 18 cell cell NN 35419 4998 19 of of IN 35419 4998 20 the the DT 35419 4998 21 pith pith NNP 35419 4998 22 ray.--Group ray.--Group NNP 35419 4998 23 3 3 CD 35419 4998 24 . . . 35419 4999 1 _ _ NNP 35419 4999 2 P. P. NNP 35419 5000 1 strobus strobus NNP 35419 5000 2 , , , 35419 5000 3 lambertiana lambertiana NNP 35419 5000 4 _ _ NNP 35419 5000 5 , , , 35419 5000 6 and and CC 35419 5000 7 other other JJ 35419 5000 8 true true JJ 35419 5000 9 white white JJ 35419 5000 10 pines pine NNS 35419 5000 11 . . . 35419 5001 1 _ _ NNP 35419 5001 2 b. b. NN 35419 5001 3 _ _ NNP 35419 5001 4 Three three CD 35419 5001 5 to to TO 35419 5001 6 six six CD 35419 5001 7 small small JJ 35419 5001 8 pits pit NNS 35419 5001 9 on on IN 35419 5001 10 the the DT 35419 5001 11 radial radial JJ 35419 5001 12 walls wall NNS 35419 5001 13 of of IN 35419 5001 14 each each DT 35419 5001 15 cell cell NN 35419 5001 16 of of IN 35419 5001 17 the the DT 35419 5001 18 pith pith NNP 35419 5001 19 ray ray NNP 35419 5001 20 . . . 35419 5002 1 Group group NN 35419 5002 2 4 4 CD 35419 5002 3 . . . 35419 5003 1 _ _ NNP 35419 5003 2 P. P. NNP 35419 5004 1 parryana parryana NNP 35419 5004 2 _ _ NNP 35419 5004 3 , , , 35419 5004 4 and and CC 35419 5004 5 other other JJ 35419 5004 6 nut nut NNP 35419 5004 7 pines pine NNS 35419 5004 8 , , , 35419 5004 9 including include VBG 35419 5004 10 also also RB 35419 5004 11 _ _ NNP 35419 5004 12 P. P. NNP 35419 5005 1 balfouriana balfouriana NNP 35419 5005 2 _ _ NNP 35419 5005 3 . . . 35419 5006 1 = = NFP 35419 5006 2 = = NFP 35419 5006 3 = = NNS 35419 5006 4 = = SYM 35419 5006 5 II.--RING ii.--ring VB 35419 5006 6 - - : 35419 5006 7 POROUS porous NN 35419 5006 8 WOODS woods NN 35419 5006 9 . . . 35419 5007 1 ( ( -LRB- 35419 5007 2 Some some DT 35419 5007 3 of of IN 35419 5007 4 Group Group NNP 35419 5007 5 D D NNP 35419 5007 6 and and CC 35419 5007 7 cedar cedar NN 35419 5007 8 elm elm NNP 35419 5007 9 imperfectly imperfectly RB 35419 5007 10 ring ring VB 35419 5007 11 - - HYPH 35419 5007 12 porous porous JJ 35419 5007 13 . . . 35419 5007 14 ) ) -RRB- 35419 5008 1 A. A. NNP 35419 5008 2 Pores Pores NNPS 35419 5008 3 in in IN 35419 5008 4 the the DT 35419 5008 5 summer summer NN 35419 5008 6 wood wood NN 35419 5008 7 minute minute NN 35419 5008 8 , , , 35419 5008 9 scattered scatter VBN 35419 5008 10 singly singly RB 35419 5008 11 or or CC 35419 5008 12 in in IN 35419 5008 13 groups group NNS 35419 5008 14 , , , 35419 5008 15 or or CC 35419 5008 16 in in IN 35419 5008 17 short short JJ 35419 5008 18 broken broken JJ 35419 5008 19 lines line NNS 35419 5008 20 , , , 35419 5008 21 the the DT 35419 5008 22 course course NN 35419 5008 23 of of IN 35419 5008 24 which which WDT 35419 5008 25 is be VBZ 35419 5008 26 never never RB 35419 5008 27 radial radial JJ 35419 5008 28 . . . 35419 5009 1 1 1 LS 35419 5009 2 . . . 35419 5010 1 Pith Pith NNP 35419 5010 2 rays ray NNS 35419 5010 3 minute minute NN 35419 5010 4 , , , 35419 5010 5 scarcely scarcely RB 35419 5010 6 distinct distinct JJ 35419 5010 7 . . . 35419 5011 1 _ _ NNP 35419 5011 2 a. a. NN 35419 5011 3 _ _ NNP 35419 5011 4 Wood Wood NNP 35419 5011 5 heavy heavy JJ 35419 5011 6 and and CC 35419 5011 7 hard hard JJ 35419 5011 8 ; ; : 35419 5011 9 pores pore NNS 35419 5011 10 in in IN 35419 5011 11 the the DT 35419 5011 12 summer summer NN 35419 5011 13 wood wood NN 35419 5011 14 not not RB 35419 5011 15 in in IN 35419 5011 16 clusters cluster NNS 35419 5011 17 . . . 35419 5012 1 _ _ NNP 35419 5012 2 a. a. NN 35419 5013 1 ' ' `` 35419 5013 2 _ _ NNP 35419 5013 3 Color Color NNP 35419 5013 4 of of IN 35419 5013 5 radial radial JJ 35419 5013 6 section section NN 35419 5013 7 not not RB 35419 5013 8 yellow yellow JJ 35419 5013 9 ................. ................. NFP 35419 5013 10 ASH ASH NNP 35419 5013 11 . . . 35419 5014 1 _ _ NNP 35419 5014 2 b. b. NNP 35419 5015 1 ' ' `` 35419 5015 2 _ _ NNP 35419 5015 3 Color Color NNP 35419 5015 4 of of IN 35419 5015 5 radial radial JJ 35419 5015 6 section section NN 35419 5015 7 light light NN 35419 5015 8 yellow yellow NNP 35419 5015 9 ; ; : 35419 5015 10 by by IN 35419 5015 11 which which WDT 35419 5015 12 , , , 35419 5015 13 together together RB 35419 5015 14 with with IN 35419 5015 15 its -PRON- PRP$ 35419 5015 16 hardness hardness NN 35419 5015 17 and and CC 35419 5015 18 weight weight NN 35419 5015 19 , , , 35419 5015 20 this this DT 35419 5015 21 species species NN 35419 5015 22 is be VBZ 35419 5015 23 easily easily RB 35419 5015 24 recognized recognize VBN 35419 5015 25 , , , 35419 5015 26 ............ ............ NFP 35419 5015 27 OSAGE OSAGE NNP 35419 5015 28 ORANGE ORANGE NNP 35419 5015 29 . . . 35419 5016 1 _ _ NNP 35419 5016 2 b. b. NN 35419 5016 3 _ _ NNP 35419 5016 4 Wood Wood NNP 35419 5016 5 light light NN 35419 5016 6 and and CC 35419 5016 7 soft soft JJ 35419 5016 8 ; ; : 35419 5016 9 pores pore NNS 35419 5016 10 in in IN 35419 5016 11 the the DT 35419 5016 12 summer summer NN 35419 5016 13 wood wood NN 35419 5016 14 in in IN 35419 5016 15 clusters cluster NNS 35419 5016 16 of of IN 35419 5016 17 10 10 CD 35419 5016 18 to to TO 35419 5016 19 30 30 CD 35419 5016 20 ....................................... ....................................... . 35419 5016 21 CATALPA catalpa NN 35419 5016 22 . . . 35419 5017 1 2 2 LS 35419 5017 2 . . . 35419 5018 1 Pith Pith NNP 35419 5018 2 rays ray NNS 35419 5018 3 very very RB 35419 5018 4 fine fine JJ 35419 5018 5 , , , 35419 5018 6 yet yet CC 35419 5018 7 distinct distinct JJ 35419 5018 8 ; ; : 35419 5018 9 pores pore NNS 35419 5018 10 in in IN 35419 5018 11 summer summer NN 35419 5018 12 wood wood NN 35419 5018 13 usually usually RB 35419 5018 14 single single JJ 35419 5018 15 or or CC 35419 5018 16 in in IN 35419 5018 17 short short JJ 35419 5018 18 lines line NNS 35419 5018 19 ; ; , 35419 5018 20 color color NN 35419 5018 21 of of IN 35419 5018 22 heart heart NN 35419 5018 23 - - HYPH 35419 5018 24 wood wood NN 35419 5018 25 reddish reddish NN 35419 5018 26 brown brown NN 35419 5018 27 ; ; : 35419 5018 28 of of IN 35419 5018 29 sap sap NN 35419 5018 30 - - HYPH 35419 5018 31 wood wood NN 35419 5018 32 yellowish yellowish JJ 35419 5018 33 white white JJ 35419 5018 34 ; ; : 35419 5018 35 peculiar peculiar JJ 35419 5018 36 odor odor NN 35419 5018 37 on on IN 35419 5018 38 fresh fresh JJ 35419 5018 39 section section NN 35419 5018 40 ..................................... ..................................... . 35419 5018 41 SASSAFRAS sassafras NN 35419 5018 42 . . . 35419 5019 1 3 3 LS 35419 5019 2 . . . 35419 5020 1 Pith Pith NNP 35419 5020 2 rays ray NNS 35419 5020 3 fine fine RB 35419 5020 4 , , , 35419 5020 5 but but CC 35419 5020 6 distinct distinct JJ 35419 5020 7 . . . 35419 5021 1 _ _ NNP 35419 5021 2 a. a. NN 35419 5021 3 _ _ NNP 35419 5021 4 Very very RB 35419 5021 5 heavy heavy JJ 35419 5021 6 and and CC 35419 5021 7 hard hard JJ 35419 5021 8 ; ; : 35419 5021 9 heart heart NN 35419 5021 10 - - HYPH 35419 5021 11 wood wood NN 35419 5021 12 yellowish yellowish NN 35419 5021 13 brown brown NNP 35419 5021 14 . . . 35419 5022 1 BLACK BLACK NNP 35419 5022 2 LOCUST LOCUST NNP 35419 5022 3 . . . 35419 5023 1 _ _ NNP 35419 5023 2 b. b. NN 35419 5023 3 _ _ NNP 35419 5023 4 Heavy Heavy NNP 35419 5023 5 ; ; : 35419 5023 6 medium medium NN 35419 5023 7 hard hard RB 35419 5023 8 to to IN 35419 5023 9 hard hard JJ 35419 5023 10 . . . 35419 5024 1 _ _ NNP 35419 5024 2 a. a. NN 35419 5025 1 ' ' `` 35419 5025 2 _ _ NNP 35419 5025 3 Pores Pores NNPS 35419 5025 4 in in IN 35419 5025 5 summer summer NN 35419 5025 6 wood wood NN 35419 5025 7 very very RB 35419 5025 8 minute minute NN 35419 5025 9 , , , 35419 5025 10 usually usually RB 35419 5025 11 in in IN 35419 5025 12 small small JJ 35419 5025 13 clusters cluster NNS 35419 5025 14 of of IN 35419 5025 15 3 3 CD 35419 5025 16 to to IN 35419 5025 17 8 8 CD 35419 5025 18 ; ; : 35419 5025 19 heart heart NN 35419 5025 20 - - HYPH 35419 5025 21 wood wood NN 35419 5025 22 light light NN 35419 5025 23 orange orange NNP 35419 5025 24 brown brown NNP 35419 5025 25 . . . 35419 5026 1 RED red JJ 35419 5026 2 MULBERRY MULBERRY NNP 35419 5026 3 . . . 35419 5027 1 _ _ NNP 35419 5027 2 b. b. NNP 35419 5028 1 ' ' `` 35419 5028 2 _ _ NNP 35419 5028 3 Pores Pores NNPS 35419 5028 4 in in IN 35419 5028 5 summer summer NN 35419 5028 6 wood wood NN 35419 5028 7 small small JJ 35419 5028 8 to to TO 35419 5028 9 minute minute VB 35419 5028 10 , , , 35419 5028 11 usually usually RB 35419 5028 12 isolated isolated JJ 35419 5028 13 ; ; : 35419 5028 14 heart heart NN 35419 5028 15 - - HYPH 35419 5028 16 wood wood NN 35419 5028 17 cherry cherry NN 35419 5028 18 red red NN 35419 5028 19 .......... .......... NFP 35419 5028 20 COFFEE coffee NN 35419 5028 21 TREE TREE NNP 35419 5028 22 . . . 35419 5029 1 4 4 LS 35419 5029 2 . . . 35419 5030 1 Pith Pith NNP 35419 5030 2 rays ray NNS 35419 5030 3 fine fine JJ 35419 5030 4 but but CC 35419 5030 5 very very RB 35419 5030 6 conspicuous conspicuous JJ 35419 5030 7 , , , 35419 5030 8 even even RB 35419 5030 9 without without IN 35419 5030 10 magnifier magnifier NN 35419 5030 11 . . . 35419 5031 1 Color color NN 35419 5031 2 of of IN 35419 5031 3 heart heart NN 35419 5031 4 - - HYPH 35419 5031 5 wood wood NN 35419 5031 6 red red NN 35419 5031 7 ; ; : 35419 5031 8 of of IN 35419 5031 9 sap sap NN 35419 5031 10 - - HYPH 35419 5031 11 wood wood NN 35419 5031 12 pale pale NN 35419 5031 13 lemon lemon NN 35419 5031 14 ... ... : 35419 5031 15 HONEY HONEY NNP 35419 5031 16 LOCUST LOCUST NNP 35419 5031 17 . . . 35419 5032 1 B. B. NNP 35419 5032 2 Pores Pores NNP 35419 5032 3 of of IN 35419 5032 4 summer summer NN 35419 5032 5 wood wood NN 35419 5032 6 minute minute NN 35419 5032 7 or or CC 35419 5032 8 small small JJ 35419 5032 9 , , , 35419 5032 10 in in IN 35419 5032 11 concentric concentric JJ 35419 5032 12 wavy wavy NNP 35419 5032 13 and and CC 35419 5032 14 sometimes sometimes RB 35419 5032 15 branching branch VBG 35419 5032 16 lines line NNS 35419 5032 17 , , , 35419 5032 18 appearing appear VBG 35419 5032 19 as as IN 35419 5032 20 finely finely RB 35419 5032 21 - - HYPH 35419 5032 22 feathered feather VBN 35419 5032 23 hatchings hatching NNS 35419 5032 24 on on IN 35419 5032 25 tangential tangential JJ 35419 5032 26 section section NN 35419 5032 27 . . . 35419 5033 1 1 1 LS 35419 5033 2 . . . 35419 5034 1 Pith Pith NNP 35419 5034 2 rays ray NNS 35419 5034 3 fine fine RB 35419 5034 4 , , , 35419 5034 5 but but CC 35419 5034 6 very very RB 35419 5034 7 distinct distinct JJ 35419 5034 8 ; ; : 35419 5034 9 color color NN 35419 5034 10 greenish greenish NNP 35419 5034 11 white white NNP 35419 5034 12 . . . 35419 5035 1 Heart heart NN 35419 5035 2 - - HYPH 35419 5035 3 wood wood NN 35419 5035 4 absent absent NN 35419 5035 5 or or CC 35419 5035 6 imperfectly imperfectly RB 35419 5035 7 developed developed JJ 35419 5035 8 ........... ........... . 35419 5035 9 HACKBERRY hackberry JJ 35419 5035 10 . . . 35419 5036 1 2 2 LS 35419 5036 2 . . . 35419 5037 1 Pith Pith NNP 35419 5037 2 rays ray VBZ 35419 5037 3 indistinct indistinct RB 35419 5037 4 ; ; : 35419 5037 5 color color NN 35419 5037 6 of of IN 35419 5037 7 heart heart NN 35419 5037 8 - - HYPH 35419 5037 9 wood wood NN 35419 5037 10 reddish reddish NN 35419 5037 11 brown brown NN 35419 5037 12 ; ; : 35419 5037 13 sap sap NN 35419 5037 14 - - HYPH 35419 5037 15 wood wood NN 35419 5037 16 grayish grayish NN 35419 5037 17 to to IN 35419 5037 18 reddish reddish JJ 35419 5037 19 white white NN 35419 5037 20 ......................... ......................... . 35419 5037 21 ELMS ELMS NNP 35419 5037 22 . . . 35419 5038 1 C. C. NNP 35419 5038 2 Pores Pores NNP 35419 5038 3 of of IN 35419 5038 4 summer summer NN 35419 5038 5 wood wood NN 35419 5038 6 arranged arrange VBN 35419 5038 7 in in IN 35419 5038 8 radial radial JJ 35419 5038 9 branching branching NN 35419 5038 10 lines line NNS 35419 5038 11 ( ( -LRB- 35419 5038 12 when when WRB 35419 5038 13 very very RB 35419 5038 14 crowded crowded JJ 35419 5038 15 radial radial JJ 35419 5038 16 arrangement arrangement NN 35419 5038 17 somewhat somewhat RB 35419 5038 18 obscured obscure VBN 35419 5038 19 ) ) -RRB- 35419 5038 20 . . . 35419 5039 1 1 1 LS 35419 5039 2 . . . 35419 5040 1 Pith Pith NNP 35419 5040 2 rays ray VBZ 35419 5040 3 very very RB 35419 5040 4 minute minute NN 35419 5040 5 , , , 35419 5040 6 hardly hardly RB 35419 5040 7 visible visible JJ 35419 5040 8 ................. ................. NFP 35419 5040 9 CHESTNUT CHESTNUT NNS 35419 5040 10 . . . 35419 5041 1 2 2 LS 35419 5041 2 . . . 35419 5042 1 Pith Pith NNP 35419 5042 2 rays ray VBZ 35419 5042 3 very very RB 35419 5042 4 broad broad JJ 35419 5042 5 and and CC 35419 5042 6 conspicuous conspicuous JJ 35419 5042 7 ....................... ....................... NFP 35419 5042 8 OAK OAK NNP 35419 5042 9 . . . 35419 5043 1 D. D. NNP 35419 5043 2 Pores Pores NNP 35419 5043 3 of of IN 35419 5043 4 summer summer NN 35419 5043 5 wood wood NN 35419 5043 6 mostly mostly RB 35419 5043 7 but but CC 35419 5043 8 little little JJ 35419 5043 9 smaller small JJR 35419 5043 10 than than IN 35419 5043 11 those those DT 35419 5043 12 of of IN 35419 5043 13 the the DT 35419 5043 14 spring spring NN 35419 5043 15 wood wood NN 35419 5043 16 , , , 35419 5043 17 isolated isolate VBN 35419 5043 18 and and CC 35419 5043 19 scattered scatter VBN 35419 5043 20 ; ; : 35419 5043 21 very very RB 35419 5043 22 heavy heavy JJ 35419 5043 23 and and CC 35419 5043 24 hard hard JJ 35419 5043 25 woods wood NNS 35419 5043 26 . . . 35419 5044 1 The the DT 35419 5044 2 pores pore NNS 35419 5044 3 of of IN 35419 5044 4 the the DT 35419 5044 5 spring spring NN 35419 5044 6 wood wood NN 35419 5044 7 sometimes sometimes RB 35419 5044 8 form form VBP 35419 5044 9 but but CC 35419 5044 10 an an DT 35419 5044 11 imperfect imperfect JJ 35419 5044 12 zone zone NN 35419 5044 13 . . . 35419 5045 1 ( ( -LRB- 35419 5045 2 Some some DT 35419 5045 3 diffuse diffuse NN 35419 5045 4 - - HYPH 35419 5045 5 porous porous JJ 35419 5045 6 woods wood NNS 35419 5045 7 of of IN 35419 5045 8 groups group NNS 35419 5045 9 A a NN 35419 5045 10 and and CC 35419 5045 11 B b NN 35419 5045 12 may may MD 35419 5045 13 seem seem VB 35419 5045 14 to to TO 35419 5045 15 belong belong VB 35419 5045 16 here here RB 35419 5045 17 . . . 35419 5045 18 ) ) -RRB- 35419 5046 1 1 1 LS 35419 5046 2 . . . 35419 5047 1 Fine fine JJ 35419 5047 2 concentric concentric JJ 35419 5047 3 lines line NNS 35419 5047 4 ( ( -LRB- 35419 5047 5 not not RB 35419 5047 6 of of IN 35419 5047 7 pores pore NNS 35419 5047 8 ) ) -RRB- 35419 5047 9 as as IN 35419 5047 10 distinct distinct JJ 35419 5047 11 , , , 35419 5047 12 or or CC 35419 5047 13 nearly nearly RB 35419 5047 14 so so RB 35419 5047 15 , , , 35419 5047 16 as as IN 35419 5047 17 the the DT 35419 5047 18 very very RB 35419 5047 19 fine fine JJ 35419 5047 20 pith pith NN 35419 5047 21 rays ray NNS 35419 5047 22 ; ; : 35419 5047 23 outer outer JJ 35419 5047 24 summer summer NN 35419 5047 25 wood wood NN 35419 5047 26 with with IN 35419 5047 27 a a DT 35419 5047 28 tinge tinge NN 35419 5047 29 of of IN 35419 5047 30 red red JJ 35419 5047 31 ; ; : 35419 5047 32 heart heart NN 35419 5047 33 - - HYPH 35419 5047 34 wood wood NN 35419 5047 35 light light NN 35419 5047 36 reddish reddish NNP 35419 5047 37 brown brown NN 35419 5047 38 .................... .................... NFP 35419 5047 39 HICKORY HICKORY NNP 35419 5047 40 . . . 35419 5048 1 2 2 LS 35419 5048 2 . . . 35419 5049 1 Fine fine JJ 35419 5049 2 concentric concentric JJ 35419 5049 3 lines line NNS 35419 5049 4 , , , 35419 5049 5 much much RB 35419 5049 6 finer fine JJR 35419 5049 7 than than IN 35419 5049 8 the the DT 35419 5049 9 pith pith NNP 35419 5049 10 rays ray NNS 35419 5049 11 ; ; : 35419 5049 12 no no DT 35419 5049 13 reddish reddish JJ 35419 5049 14 tinge tinge NN 35419 5049 15 in in IN 35419 5049 16 summer summer NN 35419 5049 17 wood wood NN 35419 5049 18 ; ; : 35419 5049 19 sap sap NN 35419 5049 20 - - HYPH 35419 5049 21 wood wood NN 35419 5049 22 white white NN 35419 5049 23 ; ; : 35419 5049 24 heart heart NN 35419 5049 25 - - HYPH 35419 5049 26 wood wood NN 35419 5049 27 blackish blackish NN 35419 5049 28 ............................................. ............................................. . 35419 5049 29 PERSIMMON PERSIMMON NNS 35419 5049 30 . . . 35419 5050 1 = = NFP 35419 5050 2 = = NFP 35419 5050 3 = = NFP 35419 5050 4 = = SYM 35419 5050 5 ADDITIONAL additional JJ 35419 5050 6 NOTES note NNS 35419 5050 7 FOR for IN 35419 5050 8 DISTINCTIONS distinctions NN 35419 5050 9 IN in IN 35419 5050 10 THE the DT 35419 5050 11 GROUP GROUP NNP 35419 5050 12 . . . 35419 5051 1 Sassafras Sassafras NNP 35419 5051 2 and and CC 35419 5051 3 mulberry mulberry NN 35419 5051 4 may may MD 35419 5051 5 be be VB 35419 5051 6 confounded confound VBN 35419 5051 7 but but CC 35419 5051 8 for for IN 35419 5051 9 the the DT 35419 5051 10 greater great JJR 35419 5051 11 weight weight NN 35419 5051 12 and and CC 35419 5051 13 hardness hardness NN 35419 5051 14 and and CC 35419 5051 15 the the DT 35419 5051 16 absence absence NN 35419 5051 17 of of IN 35419 5051 18 odor odor NN 35419 5051 19 in in IN 35419 5051 20 the the DT 35419 5051 21 mulberry mulberry NN 35419 5051 22 ; ; : 35419 5051 23 the the DT 35419 5051 24 radial radial JJ 35419 5051 25 section section NN 35419 5051 26 of of IN 35419 5051 27 mulberry mulberry NN 35419 5051 28 also also RB 35419 5051 29 shows show VBZ 35419 5051 30 the the DT 35419 5051 31 pith pith NNP 35419 5051 32 rays ray NNS 35419 5051 33 conspicuously conspicuously RB 35419 5051 34 . . . 35419 5052 1 Honey honey NN 35419 5052 2 locust locust NN 35419 5052 3 , , , 35419 5052 4 coffee coffee NN 35419 5052 5 tree tree NN 35419 5052 6 , , , 35419 5052 7 and and CC 35419 5052 8 black black JJ 35419 5052 9 locust locust NN 35419 5052 10 are be VBP 35419 5052 11 also also RB 35419 5052 12 very very RB 35419 5052 13 similar similar JJ 35419 5052 14 in in IN 35419 5052 15 appearance appearance NN 35419 5052 16 . . . 35419 5053 1 The the DT 35419 5053 2 honey honey NN 35419 5053 3 locust locust NN 35419 5053 4 stands stand VBZ 35419 5053 5 out out RP 35419 5053 6 by by IN 35419 5053 7 the the DT 35419 5053 8 conspicuousness conspicuousness NN 35419 5053 9 of of IN 35419 5053 10 the the DT 35419 5053 11 pith pith NNP 35419 5053 12 rays ray NNS 35419 5053 13 , , , 35419 5053 14 especially especially RB 35419 5053 15 on on IN 35419 5053 16 radial radial JJ 35419 5053 17 sections section NNS 35419 5053 18 , , , 35419 5053 19 on on IN 35419 5053 20 account account NN 35419 5053 21 of of IN 35419 5053 22 their -PRON- PRP$ 35419 5053 23 height height NN 35419 5053 24 , , , 35419 5053 25 while while IN 35419 5053 26 the the DT 35419 5053 27 black black JJ 35419 5053 28 locust locust NN 35419 5053 29 is be VBZ 35419 5053 30 distinguished distinguish VBN 35419 5053 31 by by IN 35419 5053 32 the the DT 35419 5053 33 extremely extremely RB 35419 5053 34 great great JJ 35419 5053 35 weight weight NN 35419 5053 36 and and CC 35419 5053 37 hardness hardness NN 35419 5053 38 , , , 35419 5053 39 together together RB 35419 5053 40 with with IN 35419 5053 41 its -PRON- PRP$ 35419 5053 42 darker dark JJR 35419 5053 43 brown brown JJ 35419 5053 44 color color NN 35419 5053 45 . . . 35419 5054 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 5054 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 5054 3 : : : 35419 5054 4 Fig Fig NNP 35419 5054 5 . . . 35419 5055 1 131 131 CD 35419 5055 2 . . . 35419 5056 1 Wood wood NN 35419 5056 2 of of IN 35419 5056 3 Coffee Coffee NNP 35419 5056 4 Tree Tree NNP 35419 5056 5 . . . 35419 5056 6 ] ] -RRB- 35419 5057 1 The the DT 35419 5057 2 ashes ashe NNS 35419 5057 3 , , , 35419 5057 4 elms elm NNS 35419 5057 5 , , , 35419 5057 6 hickories hickory NNS 35419 5057 7 , , , 35419 5057 8 and and CC 35419 5057 9 oaks oak NNS 35419 5057 10 may may MD 35419 5057 11 , , , 35419 5057 12 on on IN 35419 5057 13 casual casual JJ 35419 5057 14 observation observation NN 35419 5057 15 , , , 35419 5057 16 appear appear VB 35419 5057 17 to to TO 35419 5057 18 resemble resemble VB 35419 5057 19 one one CD 35419 5057 20 another another DT 35419 5057 21 on on IN 35419 5057 22 account account NN 35419 5057 23 of of IN 35419 5057 24 the the DT 35419 5057 25 pronounced pronounced JJ 35419 5057 26 zone zone NN 35419 5057 27 of of IN 35419 5057 28 porous porous JJ 35419 5057 29 spring spring NN 35419 5057 30 wood wood NN 35419 5057 31 . . . 35419 5058 1 ( ( -LRB- 35419 5058 2 Figs fig NNS 35419 5058 3 . . . 35419 5059 1 129 129 CD 35419 5059 2 , , , 35419 5059 3 132 132 CD 35419 5059 4 , , , 35419 5059 5 135 135 CD 35419 5059 6 . . . 35419 5059 7 ) ) -RRB- 35419 5060 1 The the DT 35419 5060 2 sharply sharply RB 35419 5060 3 defined define VBN 35419 5060 4 large large JJ 35419 5060 5 pith pith NNP 35419 5060 6 rays ray NNS 35419 5060 7 of of IN 35419 5060 8 the the DT 35419 5060 9 oak oak NN 35419 5060 10 exclude exclude VBP 35419 5060 11 these these DT 35419 5060 12 at at IN 35419 5060 13 once once RB 35419 5060 14 ; ; : 35419 5060 15 the the DT 35419 5060 16 wavy wavy NNP 35419 5060 17 lines line NNS 35419 5060 18 of of IN 35419 5060 19 pores pore NNS 35419 5060 20 in in IN 35419 5060 21 the the DT 35419 5060 22 summer summer NN 35419 5060 23 wood wood NN 35419 5060 24 , , , 35419 5060 25 appearing appear VBG 35419 5060 26 as as IN 35419 5060 27 conspicuous conspicuous JJ 35419 5060 28 finely finely RB 35419 5060 29 - - HYPH 35419 5060 30 feathered feather VBN 35419 5060 31 hatchings hatching NNS 35419 5060 32 on on IN 35419 5060 33 tangential tangential JJ 35419 5060 34 section section NN 35419 5060 35 , , , 35419 5060 36 distinguish distinguish VB 35419 5060 37 the the DT 35419 5060 38 elms elm NNS 35419 5060 39 ; ; : 35419 5060 40 while while IN 35419 5060 41 the the DT 35419 5060 42 ashes ashe NNS 35419 5060 43 differ differ VBP 35419 5060 44 from from IN 35419 5060 45 the the DT 35419 5060 46 hickory hickory NN 35419 5060 47 by by IN 35419 5060 48 the the DT 35419 5060 49 very very RB 35419 5060 50 conspicuously conspicuously RB 35419 5060 51 defined define VBN 35419 5060 52 zone zone NN 35419 5060 53 of of IN 35419 5060 54 spring spring NN 35419 5060 55 wood wood NN 35419 5060 56 pores pore NNS 35419 5060 57 , , , 35419 5060 58 which which WDT 35419 5060 59 in in IN 35419 5060 60 hickory hickory NN 35419 5060 61 appear appear VBP 35419 5060 62 more more RBR 35419 5060 63 or or CC 35419 5060 64 less less RBR 35419 5060 65 interrupted interrupted JJ 35419 5060 66 . . . 35419 5061 1 The the DT 35419 5061 2 reddish reddish JJ 35419 5061 3 hue hue NN 35419 5061 4 of of IN 35419 5061 5 the the DT 35419 5061 6 hickory hickory NN 35419 5061 7 and and CC 35419 5061 8 the the DT 35419 5061 9 more more RBR 35419 5061 10 or or CC 35419 5061 11 less less RBR 35419 5061 12 brown brown JJ 35419 5061 13 hue hue NN 35419 5061 14 of of IN 35419 5061 15 the the DT 35419 5061 16 ash ash NNP 35419 5061 17 may may MD 35419 5061 18 also also RB 35419 5061 19 aid aid VB 35419 5061 20 in in IN 35419 5061 21 ready ready JJ 35419 5061 22 recognition recognition NN 35419 5061 23 . . . 35419 5062 1 The the DT 35419 5062 2 smooth smooth JJ 35419 5062 3 , , , 35419 5062 4 radial radial JJ 35419 5062 5 surface surface NN 35419 5062 6 of of IN 35419 5062 7 split split VBN 35419 5062 8 hickory hickory NN 35419 5062 9 will will MD 35419 5062 10 readily readily RB 35419 5062 11 separate separate VB 35419 5062 12 it -PRON- PRP 35419 5062 13 from from IN 35419 5062 14 the the DT 35419 5062 15 rest rest NN 35419 5062 16 . . . 35419 5063 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 5063 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 5063 3 : : : 35419 5063 4 Fig Fig NNP 35419 5063 5 . . . 35419 5064 1 132 132 CD 35419 5064 2 . . . 35419 5065 1 _ _ NNP 35419 5065 2 A A NNP 35419 5065 3 _ _ NNP 35419 5065 4 , , , 35419 5065 5 black black JJ 35419 5065 6 ash ash NN 35419 5065 7 ; ; : 35419 5065 8 _ _ NNP 35419 5065 9 B B NNP 35419 5065 10 _ _ NNP 35419 5065 11 , , , 35419 5065 12 white white NNP 35419 5065 13 ash ash NN 35419 5065 14 ; ; : 35419 5065 15 _ _ NNP 35419 5065 16 C C NNP 35419 5065 17 _ _ NNP 35419 5065 18 , , , 35419 5065 19 green green JJ 35419 5065 20 ash ash NN 35419 5065 21 . . . 35419 5065 22 ] ] -RRB- 35419 5066 1 The the DT 35419 5066 2 different different JJ 35419 5066 3 species specie NNS 35419 5066 4 of of IN 35419 5066 5 ash ash NNP 35419 5066 6 may may MD 35419 5066 7 be be VB 35419 5066 8 identified identify VBN 35419 5066 9 as as IN 35419 5066 10 follows follow VBZ 35419 5066 11 ( ( -LRB- 35419 5066 12 Fig fig NN 35419 5066 13 . . . 35419 5067 1 132 132 CD 35419 5067 2 ) ) -RRB- 35419 5067 3 : : : 35419 5067 4 1 1 LS 35419 5067 5 . . . 35419 5068 1 Pores pore NNS 35419 5068 2 in in IN 35419 5068 3 the the DT 35419 5068 4 summer summer NN 35419 5068 5 wood wood NN 35419 5068 6 more more RBR 35419 5068 7 or or CC 35419 5068 8 less less RBR 35419 5068 9 united united JJ 35419 5068 10 into into IN 35419 5068 11 lines line NNS 35419 5068 12 . . . 35419 5069 1 _ _ NNP 35419 5069 2 a. a. NN 35419 5069 3 _ _ NNP 35419 5069 4 The the DT 35419 5069 5 lines line NNS 35419 5069 6 short short JJ 35419 5069 7 and and CC 35419 5069 8 broken broken JJ 35419 5069 9 , , , 35419 5069 10 occurring occur VBG 35419 5069 11 mostly mostly RB 35419 5069 12 near near IN 35419 5069 13 the the DT 35419 5069 14 limit limit NN 35419 5069 15 of of IN 35419 5069 16 the the DT 35419 5069 17 ring ring NN 35419 5069 18 ....................................... ....................................... . 35419 5069 19 WHITE WHITE NNP 35419 5069 20 ASH ASH NNP 35419 5069 21 . . . 35419 5070 1 _ _ NNP 35419 5070 2 b. b. NN 35419 5070 3 _ _ NNP 35419 5070 4 The the DT 35419 5070 5 lines line NNS 35419 5070 6 quite quite RB 35419 5070 7 long long JJ 35419 5070 8 and and CC 35419 5070 9 conspicuous conspicuous JJ 35419 5070 10 in in IN 35419 5070 11 most most JJS 35419 5070 12 parts part NNS 35419 5070 13 of of IN 35419 5070 14 the the DT 35419 5070 15 summer summer NN 35419 5070 16 wood wood NN 35419 5070 17 ....................................... ....................................... NFP 35419 5070 18 GREEN GREEN NNP 35419 5070 19 ASH ASH NNP 35419 5070 20 . . . 35419 5071 1 2 2 LS 35419 5071 2 . . . 35419 5072 1 Pores pore NNS 35419 5072 2 in in IN 35419 5072 3 the the DT 35419 5072 4 summer summer NN 35419 5072 5 wood wood NN 35419 5072 6 not not RB 35419 5072 7 united unite VBN 35419 5072 8 into into IN 35419 5072 9 lines line NNS 35419 5072 10 , , , 35419 5072 11 or or CC 35419 5072 12 rarely rarely RB 35419 5072 13 so so RB 35419 5072 14 . . . 35419 5073 1 _ _ NNP 35419 5073 2 a. a. NN 35419 5073 3 _ _ NNP 35419 5073 4 Heart Heart NNP 35419 5073 5 - - HYPH 35419 5073 6 wood wood NN 35419 5073 7 reddish reddish NN 35419 5073 8 brown brown JJ 35419 5073 9 and and CC 35419 5073 10 very very RB 35419 5073 11 firm firm JJ 35419 5073 12 .............. .............. . 35419 5073 13 RED RED NNP 35419 5073 14 ASH ash NN 35419 5073 15 . . . 35419 5074 1 _ _ NNP 35419 5074 2 b. b. NN 35419 5074 3 _ _ NNP 35419 5074 4 Heart Heart NNP 35419 5074 5 - - HYPH 35419 5074 6 wood wood NN 35419 5074 7 grayish grayish NN 35419 5074 8 brown brown NNP 35419 5074 9 , , , 35419 5074 10 and and CC 35419 5074 11 much much RB 35419 5074 12 more more RBR 35419 5074 13 porous porous JJ 35419 5074 14 .... .... NFP 35419 5074 15 BLACK BLACK NNP 35419 5074 16 ASH ash NN 35419 5074 17 . . . 35419 5075 1 In in IN 35419 5075 2 the the DT 35419 5075 3 oaks oak NNS 35419 5075 4 , , , 35419 5075 5 two two CD 35419 5075 6 groups group NNS 35419 5075 7 can can MD 35419 5075 8 be be VB 35419 5075 9 readily readily RB 35419 5075 10 distinguished distinguish VBN 35419 5075 11 by by IN 35419 5075 12 the the DT 35419 5075 13 manner manner NN 35419 5075 14 in in IN 35419 5075 15 which which WDT 35419 5075 16 the the DT 35419 5075 17 pores pore NNS 35419 5075 18 are be VBP 35419 5075 19 distributed distribute VBN 35419 5075 20 in in IN 35419 5075 21 the the DT 35419 5075 22 summer summer NN 35419 5075 23 wood wood NN 35419 5075 24 . . . 35419 5076 1 ( ( -LRB- 35419 5076 2 Fig fig NN 35419 5076 3 . . . 35419 5077 1 133 133 LS 35419 5077 2 . . . 35419 5077 3 ) ) -RRB- 35419 5078 1 In in IN 35419 5078 2 the the DT 35419 5078 3 white white JJ 35419 5078 4 oaks oak VBZ 35419 5078 5 the the DT 35419 5078 6 pores pore NNS 35419 5078 7 are be VBP 35419 5078 8 very very RB 35419 5078 9 fine fine JJ 35419 5078 10 and and CC 35419 5078 11 numerous numerous JJ 35419 5078 12 and and CC 35419 5078 13 crowded crowd VBD 35419 5078 14 in in IN 35419 5078 15 the the DT 35419 5078 16 outer outer JJ 35419 5078 17 part part NN 35419 5078 18 of of IN 35419 5078 19 the the DT 35419 5078 20 summer summer NN 35419 5078 21 wood wood NN 35419 5078 22 , , , 35419 5078 23 while while IN 35419 5078 24 in in IN 35419 5078 25 the the DT 35419 5078 26 black black JJ 35419 5078 27 or or CC 35419 5078 28 red red JJ 35419 5078 29 oaks oak NNS 35419 5078 30 the the DT 35419 5078 31 pores pore NNS 35419 5078 32 are be VBP 35419 5078 33 larger large JJR 35419 5078 34 , , , 35419 5078 35 few few JJ 35419 5078 36 in in IN 35419 5078 37 number number NN 35419 5078 38 , , , 35419 5078 39 and and CC 35419 5078 40 mostly mostly RB 35419 5078 41 isolated isolated JJ 35419 5078 42 . . . 35419 5079 1 The the DT 35419 5079 2 live live JJ 35419 5079 3 oaks oak NNS 35419 5079 4 , , , 35419 5079 5 as as RB 35419 5079 6 far far RB 35419 5079 7 as as IN 35419 5079 8 structure structure NN 35419 5079 9 is be VBZ 35419 5079 10 concerned concern VBN 35419 5079 11 , , , 35419 5079 12 belong belong VBP 35419 5079 13 to to IN 35419 5079 14 the the DT 35419 5079 15 black black JJ 35419 5079 16 oaks oak NNS 35419 5079 17 , , , 35419 5079 18 but but CC 35419 5079 19 are be VBP 35419 5079 20 much much RB 35419 5079 21 less less RBR 35419 5079 22 porous porous JJ 35419 5079 23 , , , 35419 5079 24 and and CC 35419 5079 25 are be VBP 35419 5079 26 exceedingly exceedingly RB 35419 5079 27 heavy heavy JJ 35419 5079 28 and and CC 35419 5079 29 hard hard JJ 35419 5079 30 . . . 35419 5080 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 5080 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 5080 3 : : : 35419 5080 4 Fig Fig NNP 35419 5080 5 . . . 35419 5081 1 133 133 LS 35419 5081 2 . . . 35419 5082 1 Wood wood NN 35419 5082 2 of of IN 35419 5082 3 Red Red NNP 35419 5082 4 Oak Oak NNP 35419 5082 5 . . . 35419 5083 1 ( ( -LRB- 35419 5083 2 For for IN 35419 5083 3 white white NNP 35419 5083 4 oak oak NN 35419 5083 5 see see VBP 35419 5083 6 fig fig NN 35419 5083 7 . . . 35419 5084 1 129 129 CD 35419 5084 2 , , , 35419 5084 3 p. p. NN 35419 5085 1 291 291 CD 35419 5085 2 . . . 35419 5085 3 ) ) -RRB- 35419 5085 4 ] ] -RRB- 35419 5086 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 5086 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 5086 3 : : : 35419 5086 4 Fig Fig NNP 35419 5086 5 . . . 35419 5087 1 134 134 CD 35419 5087 2 . . . 35419 5088 1 Wood wood NN 35419 5088 2 of of IN 35419 5088 3 Chestnut Chestnut NNP 35419 5088 4 . . . 35419 5088 5 ] ] -RRB- 35419 5089 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 5089 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 5089 3 : : : 35419 5089 4 Fig Fig NNP 35419 5089 5 . . . 35419 5090 1 135 135 CD 35419 5090 2 . . . 35419 5091 1 Wood wood NN 35419 5091 2 of of IN 35419 5091 3 Hickory Hickory NNP 35419 5091 4 . . . 35419 5091 5 ] ] -RRB- 35419 5092 1 = = NFP 35419 5092 2 = = NFP 35419 5092 3 = = NFP 35419 5092 4 = = SYM 35419 5092 5 III.--DIFFUSE III.--DIFFUSE NNP 35419 5092 6 - - HYPH 35419 5092 7 POROUS POROUS NNP 35419 5092 8 WOODS woods NN 35419 5092 9 . . . 35419 5093 1 ( ( -LRB- 35419 5093 2 A a DT 35419 5093 3 few few JJ 35419 5093 4 indistinctly indistinctly RB 35419 5093 5 ring ring VBP 35419 5093 6 - - HYPH 35419 5093 7 porous porous JJ 35419 5093 8 woods wood NNS 35419 5093 9 of of IN 35419 5093 10 Group Group NNP 35419 5093 11 II II NNP 35419 5093 12 , , , 35419 5093 13 D d NN 35419 5093 14 , , , 35419 5093 15 and and CC 35419 5093 16 cedar cedar NN 35419 5093 17 elm elm NNP 35419 5093 18 may may MD 35419 5093 19 seem seem VB 35419 5093 20 to to TO 35419 5093 21 belong belong VB 35419 5093 22 here here RB 35419 5093 23 . . . 35419 5093 24 ) ) -RRB- 35419 5094 1 A. A. NNP 35419 5094 2 Pores Pores NNPS 35419 5094 3 varying vary VBG 35419 5094 4 in in IN 35419 5094 5 size size NN 35419 5094 6 from from IN 35419 5094 7 large large JJ 35419 5094 8 to to IN 35419 5094 9 minute minute NN 35419 5094 10 ; ; : 35419 5094 11 largest large JJS 35419 5094 12 in in IN 35419 5094 13 spring spring NN 35419 5094 14 wood wood NN 35419 5094 15 , , , 35419 5094 16 thereby thereby RB 35419 5094 17 giving give VBG 35419 5094 18 sometimes sometimes RB 35419 5094 19 the the DT 35419 5094 20 appearance appearance NN 35419 5094 21 of of IN 35419 5094 22 a a DT 35419 5094 23 ring ring NN 35419 5094 24 - - HYPH 35419 5094 25 porous porous JJ 35419 5094 26 arrangement arrangement NN 35419 5094 27 . . . 35419 5095 1 1 1 LS 35419 5095 2 . . . 35419 5096 1 Heavy heavy JJ 35419 5096 2 and and CC 35419 5096 3 hard hard JJ 35419 5096 4 ; ; : 35419 5096 5 color color NN 35419 5096 6 of of IN 35419 5096 7 heart heart NN 35419 5096 8 - - HYPH 35419 5096 9 wood wood NN 35419 5096 10 ( ( -LRB- 35419 5096 11 especially especially RB 35419 5096 12 on on IN 35419 5096 13 longitudinal longitudinal JJ 35419 5096 14 section section NN 35419 5096 15 ) ) -RRB- 35419 5096 16 chocolate chocolate NN 35419 5096 17 brown brown NN 35419 5096 18 .......................... .......................... . 35419 5096 19 BLACK BLACK NNP 35419 5096 20 WALNUT WALNUT NNP 35419 5096 21 . . . 35419 5097 1 2 2 LS 35419 5097 2 . . . 35419 5098 1 Light light JJ 35419 5098 2 and and CC 35419 5098 3 soft soft JJ 35419 5098 4 ; ; : 35419 5098 5 color color NN 35419 5098 6 of of IN 35419 5098 7 heart heart NN 35419 5098 8 - - HYPH 35419 5098 9 wood wood NN 35419 5098 10 light light NN 35419 5098 11 reddish reddish JJ 35419 5098 12 brown brown JJ 35419 5098 13 BUTTERNUT BUTTERNUT NNP 35419 5098 14 . . . 35419 5099 1 B. B. NNP 35419 5099 2 Pores pore VBZ 35419 5099 3 all all DT 35419 5099 4 minute minute NN 35419 5099 5 and and CC 35419 5099 6 indistinct indistinct JJ 35419 5099 7 ; ; : 35419 5099 8 most most RBS 35419 5099 9 numerous numerous JJ 35419 5099 10 in in IN 35419 5099 11 spring spring NN 35419 5099 12 wood wood NN 35419 5099 13 , , , 35419 5099 14 giving give VBG 35419 5099 15 rise rise NN 35419 5099 16 to to IN 35419 5099 17 a a DT 35419 5099 18 lighter light JJR 35419 5099 19 colored colored JJ 35419 5099 20 zone zone NN 35419 5099 21 or or CC 35419 5099 22 line line NN 35419 5099 23 ( ( -LRB- 35419 5099 24 especially especially RB 35419 5099 25 on on IN 35419 5099 26 longitudinal longitudinal JJ 35419 5099 27 section section NN 35419 5099 28 ) ) -RRB- 35419 5099 29 , , , 35419 5099 30 thereby thereby RB 35419 5099 31 appearing appear VBG 35419 5099 32 sometimes sometimes RB 35419 5099 33 ring re VBG 35419 5099 34 - - HYPH 35419 5099 35 porous porous JJ 35419 5099 36 ; ; : 35419 5099 37 wood wood NN 35419 5099 38 hard hard RB 35419 5099 39 , , , 35419 5099 40 heart heart NN 35419 5099 41 - - HYPH 35419 5099 42 wood wood NN 35419 5099 43 vinous vinous JJ 35419 5099 44 reddish reddish NN 35419 5099 45 ; ; : 35419 5099 46 pith pith NNP 35419 5099 47 rays ray NNS 35419 5099 48 very very RB 35419 5099 49 fine fine JJ 35419 5099 50 , , , 35419 5099 51 but but CC 35419 5099 52 very very RB 35419 5099 53 distinct distinct JJ 35419 5099 54 . . . 35419 5100 1 ( ( -LRB- 35419 5100 2 See see VB 35419 5100 3 also also RB 35419 5100 4 the the DT 35419 5100 5 sometimes sometimes RB 35419 5100 6 indistinct indistinct JJ 35419 5100 7 ring ring NN 35419 5100 8 - - HYPH 35419 5100 9 porous porous JJ 35419 5100 10 cedar cedar NN 35419 5100 11 elm elm NN 35419 5100 12 , , , 35419 5100 13 and and CC 35419 5100 14 occasionally occasionally RB 35419 5100 15 winged wing VBD 35419 5100 16 elm elm NNP 35419 5100 17 , , , 35419 5100 18 which which WDT 35419 5100 19 are be VBP 35419 5100 20 readily readily RB 35419 5100 21 distinguished distinguish VBN 35419 5100 22 by by IN 35419 5100 23 the the DT 35419 5100 24 concentric concentric NNP 35419 5100 25 wavy wavy NNP 35419 5100 26 lines line NNS 35419 5100 27 of of IN 35419 5100 28 pores pore NNS 35419 5100 29 in in IN 35419 5100 30 the the DT 35419 5100 31 summer summer NN 35419 5100 32 wood wood NN 35419 5100 33 ) ) -RRB- 35419 5100 34 ......... ......... . 35419 5100 35 CHERRY cherry NN 35419 5100 36 . . . 35419 5101 1 C. C. NNP 35419 5101 2 Pores Pores NNP 35419 5101 3 minute minute NN 35419 5101 4 or or CC 35419 5101 5 indistinct indistinct JJ 35419 5101 6 , , , 35419 5101 7 neither neither CC 35419 5101 8 conspicuously conspicuously RB 35419 5101 9 larger large JJR 35419 5101 10 nor nor CC 35419 5101 11 more more RBR 35419 5101 12 numerous numerous JJ 35419 5101 13 in in IN 35419 5101 14 the the DT 35419 5101 15 spring spring NN 35419 5101 16 wood wood NN 35419 5101 17 and and CC 35419 5101 18 evenly evenly RB 35419 5101 19 distributed distribute VBN 35419 5101 20 . . . 35419 5102 1 1 1 LS 35419 5102 2 . . . 35419 5103 1 Broad broad JJ 35419 5103 2 pith pith NNP 35419 5103 3 rays ray NNS 35419 5103 4 present present JJ 35419 5103 5 . . . 35419 5104 1 _ _ NNP 35419 5104 2 a. a. NN 35419 5104 3 _ _ NNP 35419 5104 4 All All NNP 35419 5104 5 or or CC 35419 5104 6 most most JJS 35419 5104 7 pith pith MD 35419 5104 8 rays ray NNS 35419 5104 9 broad broad JJ 35419 5104 10 , , , 35419 5104 11 numerous numerous JJ 35419 5104 12 , , , 35419 5104 13 and and CC 35419 5104 14 crowded crowd VBD 35419 5104 15 , , , 35419 5104 16 especially especially RB 35419 5104 17 on on IN 35419 5104 18 tangential tangential JJ 35419 5104 19 sections section NNS 35419 5104 20 , , , 35419 5104 21 medium medium JJ 35419 5104 22 heavy heavy JJ 35419 5104 23 and and CC 35419 5104 24 hard hard JJ 35419 5104 25 , , , 35419 5104 26 difficult difficult JJ 35419 5104 27 to to TO 35419 5104 28 split split VB 35419 5104 29 . . . 35419 5105 1 ................................ ................................ NFP 35419 5105 2 SYCAMORE SYCAMORE NNP 35419 5105 3 . . . 35419 5106 1 _ _ NNP 35419 5106 2 b. b. NNP 35419 5106 3 _ _ NNP 35419 5106 4 Only only JJ 35419 5106 5 part part NN 35419 5106 6 of of IN 35419 5106 7 the the DT 35419 5106 8 pith pith NNP 35419 5106 9 rays ray NNS 35419 5106 10 broad broad RB 35419 5106 11 . . . 35419 5107 1 _ _ NNP 35419 5107 2 a. a. NN 35419 5108 1 ' ' `` 35419 5108 2 _ _ NNP 35419 5108 3 Broad Broad NNP 35419 5108 4 pith pith NNP 35419 5108 5 rays ray NNS 35419 5108 6 well well RB 35419 5108 7 defined define VBN 35419 5108 8 , , , 35419 5108 9 quite quite RB 35419 5108 10 numerous numerous JJ 35419 5108 11 ; ; : 35419 5108 12 wood wood NN 35419 5108 13 reddish reddish JJ 35419 5108 14 white white NNP 35419 5108 15 to to TO 35419 5108 16 reddish reddish VB 35419 5108 17 .................... .................... NFP 35419 5108 18 BEECH BEECH NNP 35419 5108 19 . . . 35419 5109 1 _ _ NNP 35419 5109 2 b. b. NNP 35419 5110 1 ' ' `` 35419 5110 2 _ _ NNP 35419 5110 3 Broad Broad NNP 35419 5110 4 pith pith NN 35419 5110 5 rays ray NNS 35419 5110 6 not not RB 35419 5110 7 sharply sharply RB 35419 5110 8 defined define VBN 35419 5110 9 , , , 35419 5110 10 made make VBN 35419 5110 11 up up RP 35419 5110 12 of of IN 35419 5110 13 many many JJ 35419 5110 14 small small JJ 35419 5110 15 rays ray NNS 35419 5110 16 , , , 35419 5110 17 not not RB 35419 5110 18 numerous numerous JJ 35419 5110 19 . . . 35419 5111 1 Stem Stem NNP 35419 5111 2 furrowed furrow VBD 35419 5111 3 , , , 35419 5111 4 and and CC 35419 5111 5 therefore therefore RB 35419 5111 6 the the DT 35419 5111 7 periphery periphery NN 35419 5111 8 of of IN 35419 5111 9 section section NN 35419 5111 10 , , , 35419 5111 11 and and CC 35419 5111 12 with with IN 35419 5111 13 it -PRON- PRP 35419 5111 14 the the DT 35419 5111 15 annual annual JJ 35419 5111 16 rings ring NNS 35419 5111 17 sinuous sinuous JJ 35419 5111 18 , , , 35419 5111 19 bending bend VBG 35419 5111 20 in in RB 35419 5111 21 and and CC 35419 5111 22 out out RB 35419 5111 23 , , , 35419 5111 24 and and CC 35419 5111 25 the the DT 35419 5111 26 large large JJ 35419 5111 27 pith pith NNP 35419 5111 28 rays ray NNS 35419 5111 29 generally generally RB 35419 5111 30 limited limit VBN 35419 5111 31 to to IN 35419 5111 32 the the DT 35419 5111 33 furrows furrow NNS 35419 5111 34 or or CC 35419 5111 35 concave concave JJ 35419 5111 36 portions portion NNS 35419 5111 37 . . . 35419 5112 1 Wood wood NN 35419 5112 2 white white JJ 35419 5112 3 , , , 35419 5112 4 not not RB 35419 5112 5 reddish reddish JJ 35419 5112 6 ..................... ..................... NFP 35419 5112 7 BLUE blue JJ 35419 5112 8 BEECH BEECH NNP 35419 5112 9 . . . 35419 5113 1 2 2 LS 35419 5113 2 . . . 35419 5114 1 No no DT 35419 5114 2 broad broad JJ 35419 5114 3 pith pith NN 35419 5114 4 rays ray NNS 35419 5114 5 present present JJ 35419 5114 6 . . . 35419 5115 1 _ _ NNP 35419 5115 2 a. a. NN 35419 5115 3 _ _ NNP 35419 5115 4 Pith Pith NNP 35419 5115 5 rays ray NNS 35419 5115 6 small small JJ 35419 5115 7 to to IN 35419 5115 8 very very RB 35419 5115 9 small small JJ 35419 5115 10 , , , 35419 5115 11 but but CC 35419 5115 12 quite quite RB 35419 5115 13 distinct distinct JJ 35419 5115 14 . . . 35419 5116 1 _ _ NNP 35419 5116 2 a. a. NN 35419 5117 1 ' ' `` 35419 5117 2 _ _ NNP 35419 5117 3 Wood Wood NNP 35419 5117 4 hard hard RB 35419 5117 5 . . . 35419 5118 1 _ _ NNP 35419 5118 2 a. a. NN 35419 5119 1 " " `` 35419 5119 2 _ _ NNP 35419 5119 3 Color Color NNP 35419 5119 4 reddish reddish JJ 35419 5119 5 white white NN 35419 5119 6 , , , 35419 5119 7 with with IN 35419 5119 8 dark dark JJ 35419 5119 9 reddish reddish JJ 35419 5119 10 tinge tinge NN 35419 5119 11 in in IN 35419 5119 12 outer outer JJ 35419 5119 13 summer summer NN 35419 5119 14 wood wood NN 35419 5119 15 ........................... ........................... NFP 35419 5119 16 MAPLE MAPLE NNP 35419 5119 17 . . . 35419 5120 1 _ _ NNP 35419 5120 2 b. b. NNP 35419 5121 1 " " `` 35419 5121 2 _ _ NNP 35419 5121 3 Color Color NNP 35419 5121 4 white white JJ 35419 5121 5 , , , 35419 5121 6 without without IN 35419 5121 7 reddish reddish JJ 35419 5121 8 tinge tinge NN 35419 5121 9 ........... ........... . 35419 5121 10 HOLLY HOLLY NNP 35419 5121 11 . . . 35419 5122 1 _ _ NNP 35419 5122 2 b. b. NNP 35419 5123 1 ' ' `` 35419 5123 2 _ _ NNP 35419 5123 3 Wood Wood NNP 35419 5123 4 soft soft RB 35419 5123 5 to to IN 35419 5123 6 very very RB 35419 5123 7 soft soft JJ 35419 5123 8 . . . 35419 5124 1 _ _ NNP 35419 5124 2 a. a. NN 35419 5125 1 " " `` 35419 5125 2 _ _ NNP 35419 5125 3 Pores Pores NNPS 35419 5125 4 crowded crowd VBD 35419 5125 5 , , , 35419 5125 6 occupying occupy VBG 35419 5125 7 nearly nearly RB 35419 5125 8 all all PDT 35419 5125 9 the the DT 35419 5125 10 space space NN 35419 5125 11 between between IN 35419 5125 12 pith pith NNP 35419 5125 13 rays ray NNS 35419 5125 14 . . . 35419 5126 1 _ _ NNP 35419 5126 2 a. a. NN 35419 5127 1 ' ' `` 35419 5127 2 " " `` 35419 5127 3 _ _ NNP 35419 5127 4 Color Color NNP 35419 5127 5 yellowish yellowish JJ 35419 5127 6 white white NN 35419 5127 7 , , , 35419 5127 8 often often RB 35419 5127 9 with with IN 35419 5127 10 a a DT 35419 5127 11 greenish greenish JJ 35419 5127 12 tinge tinge NN 35419 5127 13 in in IN 35419 5127 14 heart heart NN 35419 5127 15 - - HYPH 35419 5127 16 wood wood NN 35419 5127 17 ........................ ........................ . 35419 5127 18 TULIP TULIP NNP 35419 5127 19 POPLAR POPLAR NNP 35419 5127 20 . . . 35419 5128 1 CUCUMBER CUCUMBER NNP 35419 5128 2 TREE tree VBP 35419 5128 3 . . . 35419 5129 1 _ _ NNP 35419 5129 2 b. b. NNP 35419 5130 1 ' ' `` 35419 5130 2 " " `` 35419 5130 3 _ _ NNP 35419 5130 4 Color Color NNP 35419 5130 5 of of IN 35419 5130 6 sap sap NN 35419 5130 7 - - HYPH 35419 5130 8 wood wood NN 35419 5130 9 grayish grayish NN 35419 5130 10 , , , 35419 5130 11 of of IN 35419 5130 12 heart heart NN 35419 5130 13 - - HYPH 35419 5130 14 wood wood NN 35419 5130 15 light light NN 35419 5130 16 to to IN 35419 5130 17 dark dark JJ 35419 5130 18 reddish reddish JJ 35419 5130 19 brown brown NN 35419 5130 20 ...................... ...................... . 35419 5130 21 SWEET SWEET NNP 35419 5130 22 GUM GUM NNP 35419 5130 23 . . . 35419 5131 1 _ _ NNP 35419 5131 2 b. b. NNP 35419 5132 1 " " `` 35419 5132 2 _ _ NNP 35419 5132 3 Pores Pores NNP 35419 5132 4 not not RB 35419 5132 5 crowded crowd VBN 35419 5132 6 , , , 35419 5132 7 occupying occupy VBG 35419 5132 8 not not RB 35419 5132 9 over over IN 35419 5132 10 one one CD 35419 5132 11 - - HYPH 35419 5132 12 third third NN 35419 5132 13 the the DT 35419 5132 14 space space NN 35419 5132 15 between between IN 35419 5132 16 pith pith NNP 35419 5132 17 rays ray NNS 35419 5132 18 ; ; : 35419 5132 19 heart heart NN 35419 5132 20 - - HYPH 35419 5132 21 wood wood NN 35419 5132 22 brownish brownish NN 35419 5132 23 white white NNP 35419 5132 24 to to IN 35419 5132 25 very very RB 35419 5132 26 light light JJ 35419 5132 27 brown brown VB 35419 5132 28 ......................... ......................... . 35419 5132 29 BASSWOOD basswood NN 35419 5132 30 . . . 35419 5133 1 _ _ NNP 35419 5133 2 b. b. NN 35419 5133 3 _ _ NNP 35419 5133 4 Pith Pith NNP 35419 5133 5 rays ray NNS 35419 5133 6 scarcely scarcely RB 35419 5133 7 distinct distinct JJ 35419 5133 8 , , , 35419 5133 9 yet yet CC 35419 5133 10 if if IN 35419 5133 11 viewed view VBN 35419 5133 12 with with IN 35419 5133 13 ordinary ordinary JJ 35419 5133 14 magnifier magnifier NN 35419 5133 15 , , , 35419 5133 16 plainly plainly RB 35419 5133 17 visible visible JJ 35419 5133 18 . . . 35419 5134 1 _ _ NNP 35419 5134 2 a. a. NN 35419 5135 1 ' ' `` 35419 5135 2 _ _ NNP 35419 5135 3 Pores Pores NNP 35419 5135 4 indistinct indistinct JJ 35419 5135 5 to to IN 35419 5135 6 the the DT 35419 5135 7 naked naked JJ 35419 5135 8 eye eye NN 35419 5135 9 . . . 35419 5136 1 _ _ NNP 35419 5136 2 a. a. NN 35419 5137 1 " " `` 35419 5137 2 _ _ NNP 35419 5137 3 Color Color NNP 35419 5137 4 uniform uniform NN 35419 5137 5 pale pale JJ 35419 5137 6 yellow yellow NN 35419 5137 7 ; ; : 35419 5137 8 pith pith NNP 35419 5137 9 rays ray NNS 35419 5137 10 not not RB 35419 5137 11 conspicuous conspicuous JJ 35419 5137 12 even even RB 35419 5137 13 on on IN 35419 5137 14 the the DT 35419 5137 15 radial radial JJ 35419 5137 16 section section NN 35419 5137 17 ..... ..... . 35419 5137 18 BUCKEYE BUCKEYE NNP 35419 5137 19 . . . 35419 5138 1 _ _ NNP 35419 5138 2 b. b. NNP 35419 5139 1 " " `` 35419 5139 2 _ _ NNP 35419 5139 3 Sap Sap NNP 35419 5139 4 - - HYPH 35419 5139 5 wood wood NN 35419 5139 6 yellowish yellowish JJ 35419 5139 7 gray gray JJ 35419 5139 8 , , , 35419 5139 9 heart heart NN 35419 5139 10 - - HYPH 35419 5139 11 wood wood NN 35419 5139 12 grayish grayish NN 35419 5139 13 brown brown NNP 35419 5139 14 ; ; : 35419 5139 15 pith pith NNP 35419 5139 16 rays ray VBZ 35419 5139 17 conspicuous conspicuous JJ 35419 5139 18 on on IN 35419 5139 19 the the DT 35419 5139 20 radial radial JJ 35419 5139 21 section section NN 35419 5139 22 . . . 35419 5140 1 SOUR SOUR NNP 35419 5140 2 GUM GUM NNP 35419 5140 3 . . . 35419 5141 1 _ _ NNP 35419 5141 2 b. b. NNP 35419 5142 1 ' ' `` 35419 5142 2 _ _ NNP 35419 5142 3 Pores Pores NNPS 35419 5142 4 scarcely scarcely RB 35419 5142 5 distinct distinct JJ 35419 5142 6 , , , 35419 5142 7 but but CC 35419 5142 8 mostly mostly RB 35419 5142 9 visible visible JJ 35419 5142 10 as as IN 35419 5142 11 grayish grayish NN 35419 5142 12 specks speck NNS 35419 5142 13 on on IN 35419 5142 14 the the DT 35419 5142 15 cross cross JJ 35419 5142 16 - - NN 35419 5142 17 section section NN 35419 5142 18 ; ; : 35419 5142 19 sap sap NN 35419 5142 20 - - HYPH 35419 5142 21 wood wood NN 35419 5142 22 whitish whitish NN 35419 5142 23 , , , 35419 5142 24 heart heart NN 35419 5142 25 - - HYPH 35419 5142 26 wood wood NN 35419 5142 27 reddish reddish NN 35419 5142 28 .............................. .............................. NFP 35419 5142 29 BIRCH BIRCH NNS 35419 5142 30 . . . 35419 5143 1 D. D. NNP 35419 5143 2 Pith Pith NNP 35419 5143 3 rays ray VBZ 35419 5143 4 not not RB 35419 5143 5 visible visible JJ 35419 5143 6 or or CC 35419 5143 7 else else RB 35419 5143 8 indistinct indistinct JJ 35419 5143 9 , , , 35419 5143 10 even even RB 35419 5143 11 if if IN 35419 5143 12 viewed view VBN 35419 5143 13 with with IN 35419 5143 14 magnifier magnifier NN 35419 5143 15 . . . 35419 5144 1 1 1 LS 35419 5144 2 . . . 35419 5145 1 Wood wood NN 35419 5145 2 very very RB 35419 5145 3 soft soft JJ 35419 5145 4 , , , 35419 5145 5 white white JJ 35419 5145 6 , , , 35419 5145 7 or or CC 35419 5145 8 in in IN 35419 5145 9 shades shade NNS 35419 5145 10 of of IN 35419 5145 11 brown brown NNP 35419 5145 12 , , , 35419 5145 13 usually usually RB 35419 5145 14 with with IN 35419 5145 15 a a DT 35419 5145 16 silky silky JJ 35419 5145 17 luster luster NN 35419 5145 18 ................................. ................................. . 35419 5145 19 COTTONWOOD COTTONWOOD NNP 35419 5145 20 ( ( -LRB- 35419 5145 21 POPLAR POPLAR NNP 35419 5145 22 ) ) -RRB- 35419 5145 23 . . . 35419 5146 1 = = NFP 35419 5146 2 = = NFP 35419 5146 3 = = NFP 35419 5146 4 = = SYM 35419 5146 5 ADDITIONAL additional JJ 35419 5146 6 NOTES note NNS 35419 5146 7 FOR for IN 35419 5146 8 DISTINCTIONS distinctions NN 35419 5146 9 IN in IN 35419 5146 10 THE the DT 35419 5146 11 GROUP GROUP NNP 35419 5146 12 . . . 35419 5147 1 Cherry cherry NN 35419 5147 2 and and CC 35419 5147 3 birch birch NNP 35419 5147 4 are be VBP 35419 5147 5 sometimes sometimes RB 35419 5147 6 confounded confound VBN 35419 5147 7 , , , 35419 5147 8 the the DT 35419 5147 9 high high JJ 35419 5147 10 pith pith NNP 35419 5147 11 rays ray NNS 35419 5147 12 on on IN 35419 5147 13 the the DT 35419 5147 14 cherry cherry NN 35419 5147 15 on on IN 35419 5147 16 radial radial JJ 35419 5147 17 sections section NNS 35419 5147 18 readily readily RB 35419 5147 19 distinguishes distinguish VBZ 35419 5147 20 it -PRON- PRP 35419 5147 21 ; ; : 35419 5147 22 distinct distinct JJ 35419 5147 23 pores pore NNS 35419 5147 24 on on IN 35419 5147 25 birch birch NNP 35419 5147 26 and and CC 35419 5147 27 spring spring VB 35419 5147 28 wood wood NN 35419 5147 29 zone zone NN 35419 5147 30 in in IN 35419 5147 31 cherry cherry NN 35419 5147 32 as as RB 35419 5147 33 well well RB 35419 5147 34 as as IN 35419 5147 35 the the DT 35419 5147 36 darker dark JJR 35419 5147 37 vinous vinous JJ 35419 5147 38 - - HYPH 35419 5147 39 brown brown JJ 35419 5147 40 color color NN 35419 5147 41 of of IN 35419 5147 42 the the DT 35419 5147 43 latter latter NN 35419 5147 44 will will MD 35419 5147 45 prove prove VB 35419 5147 46 helpful helpful JJ 35419 5147 47 . . . 35419 5148 1 Two two CD 35419 5148 2 groups group NNS 35419 5148 3 of of IN 35419 5148 4 birches birch NNS 35419 5148 5 can can MD 35419 5148 6 be be VB 35419 5148 7 readily readily RB 35419 5148 8 distinguished distinguish VBN 35419 5148 9 , , , 35419 5148 10 tho tho NN 35419 5148 11 specific specific JJ 35419 5148 12 distinction distinction NN 35419 5148 13 is be VBZ 35419 5148 14 not not RB 35419 5148 15 always always RB 35419 5148 16 possible possible JJ 35419 5148 17 . . . 35419 5149 1 1 1 LS 35419 5149 2 . . . 35419 5150 1 Pith Pith NNP 35419 5150 2 rays ray NNS 35419 5150 3 fairly fairly RB 35419 5150 4 distinct distinct JJ 35419 5150 5 , , , 35419 5150 6 the the DT 35419 5150 7 pores pore NNS 35419 5150 8 rather rather RB 35419 5150 9 few few JJ 35419 5150 10 and and CC 35419 5150 11 not not RB 35419 5150 12 more more RBR 35419 5150 13 abundant abundant JJ 35419 5150 14 in in IN 35419 5150 15 the the DT 35419 5150 16 spring spring NN 35419 5150 17 wood wood NN 35419 5150 18 : : : 35419 5150 19 wood wood NN 35419 5150 20 heavy heavy JJ 35419 5150 21 , , , 35419 5150 22 usually usually RB 35419 5150 23 darker dark JJR 35419 5150 24 , , , 35419 5150 25 CHERRY cherry NN 35419 5150 26 BIRCH BIRCH NNS 35419 5150 27 and and CC 35419 5150 28 YELLOW YELLOW NNP 35419 5150 29 BIRCH BIRCH NNS 35419 5150 30 . . . 35419 5151 1 2 2 LS 35419 5151 2 . . . 35419 5152 1 Pith Pith NNP 35419 5152 2 rays ray NNS 35419 5152 3 barely barely RB 35419 5152 4 distinct distinct JJ 35419 5152 5 , , , 35419 5152 6 pores pore VBZ 35419 5152 7 more more RBR 35419 5152 8 numerous numerous JJ 35419 5152 9 and and CC 35419 5152 10 commonly commonly RB 35419 5152 11 forming form VBG 35419 5152 12 a a DT 35419 5152 13 more more RBR 35419 5152 14 porous porous JJ 35419 5152 15 spring spring NN 35419 5152 16 wood wood NN 35419 5152 17 zone zone NN 35419 5152 18 ; ; : 35419 5152 19 wood wood NN 35419 5152 20 of of IN 35419 5152 21 medium medium JJ 35419 5152 22 weight weight NN 35419 5152 23 , , , 35419 5152 24 CANOE CANOE NNP 35419 5152 25 OR or CC 35419 5152 26 PAPER paper NN 35419 5152 27 BIRCH BIRCH NNS 35419 5152 28 . . . 35419 5153 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 5153 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 5153 3 : : : 35419 5153 4 Fig Fig NNP 35419 5153 5 . . . 35419 5154 1 136 136 CD 35419 5154 2 . . . 35419 5155 1 Wood wood NN 35419 5155 2 of of IN 35419 5155 3 Beech Beech NNP 35419 5155 4 , , , 35419 5155 5 Sycamore Sycamore NNP 35419 5155 6 and and CC 35419 5155 7 Birch Birch NNP 35419 5155 8 . . . 35419 5155 9 ] ] -RRB- 35419 5156 1 The the DT 35419 5156 2 species specie NNS 35419 5156 3 of of IN 35419 5156 4 maple maple NNP 35419 5156 5 may may MD 35419 5156 6 be be VB 35419 5156 7 distinguished distinguish VBN 35419 5156 8 as as IN 35419 5156 9 follows follow VBZ 35419 5156 10 : : : 35419 5156 11 1 1 CD 35419 5156 12 . . . 35419 5157 1 Most Most JJS 35419 5157 2 of of IN 35419 5157 3 the the DT 35419 5157 4 pith pith NNP 35419 5157 5 rays ray NNS 35419 5157 6 broader broad JJR 35419 5157 7 than than IN 35419 5157 8 the the DT 35419 5157 9 pores pore NNS 35419 5157 10 and and CC 35419 5157 11 very very RB 35419 5157 12 conspicuous conspicuous JJ 35419 5157 13 ........................................ ........................................ NFP 35419 5157 14 SUGAR sugar JJ 35419 5157 15 MAPLE MAPLE NNP 35419 5157 16 . . . 35419 5158 1 2 2 LS 35419 5158 2 . . . 35419 5159 1 Pith Pith NNP 35419 5159 2 rays ray NNS 35419 5159 3 not not RB 35419 5159 4 or or CC 35419 5159 5 rarely rarely RB 35419 5159 6 broader broad JJR 35419 5159 7 than than IN 35419 5159 8 the the DT 35419 5159 9 pores pore NNS 35419 5159 10 , , , 35419 5159 11 fine fine JJ 35419 5159 12 but but CC 35419 5159 13 conspicuous conspicuous JJ 35419 5159 14 . . . 35419 5160 1 _ _ NNP 35419 5160 2 a. a. NN 35419 5160 3 _ _ NNP 35419 5160 4 Wood Wood NNP 35419 5160 5 heavy heavy JJ 35419 5160 6 and and CC 35419 5160 7 hard hard JJ 35419 5160 8 , , , 35419 5160 9 usually usually RB 35419 5160 10 of of IN 35419 5160 11 darker dark JJR 35419 5160 12 reddish reddish JJ 35419 5160 13 color color NN 35419 5160 14 and and CC 35419 5160 15 commonly commonly RB 35419 5160 16 spotted spot VBN 35419 5160 17 on on IN 35419 5160 18 cross cross NN 35419 5160 19 - - NN 35419 5160 20 section section NN 35419 5160 21 ............... ............... . 35419 5160 22 RED red JJ 35419 5160 23 MAPLE MAPLE NNP 35419 5160 24 . . . 35419 5161 1 _ _ NNP 35419 5161 2 b. b. NN 35419 5161 3 _ _ NNP 35419 5161 4 Wood Wood NNP 35419 5161 5 of of IN 35419 5161 6 medium medium JJ 35419 5161 7 weight weight NN 35419 5161 8 and and CC 35419 5161 9 hardness hardness NN 35419 5161 10 , , , 35419 5161 11 usually usually RB 35419 5161 12 light light JJ 35419 5161 13 colored color VBN 35419 5161 14 . . . 35419 5162 1 SILVER SILVER NNP 35419 5162 2 MAPLE MAPLE NNP 35419 5162 3 . . . 35419 5163 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 5163 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 5163 3 : : : 35419 5163 4 Fig Fig NNP 35419 5163 5 . . . 35419 5164 1 137 137 CD 35419 5164 2 . . . 35419 5165 1 Wood wood NN 35419 5165 2 of of IN 35419 5165 3 Maple Maple NNP 35419 5165 4 . . . 35419 5165 5 ] ] -RRB- 35419 5166 1 Red red JJ 35419 5166 2 maple maple NN 35419 5166 3 is be VBZ 35419 5166 4 not not RB 35419 5166 5 always always RB 35419 5166 6 safely safely RB 35419 5166 7 distinguished distinguish VBN 35419 5166 8 from from IN 35419 5166 9 soft soft JJ 35419 5166 10 maple maple NN 35419 5166 11 . . . 35419 5167 1 In in IN 35419 5167 2 box box NN 35419 5167 3 elder eld JJR 35419 5167 4 the the DT 35419 5167 5 pores pore NNS 35419 5167 6 are be VBP 35419 5167 7 finer fine JJR 35419 5167 8 and and CC 35419 5167 9 more more RBR 35419 5167 10 numerous numerous JJ 35419 5167 11 than than IN 35419 5167 12 in in IN 35419 5167 13 soft soft JJ 35419 5167 14 maple maple NN 35419 5167 15 . . . 35419 5168 1 The the DT 35419 5168 2 various various JJ 35419 5168 3 species specie NNS 35419 5168 4 of of IN 35419 5168 5 elm elm NNP 35419 5168 6 may may MD 35419 5168 7 be be VB 35419 5168 8 distinguished distinguish VBN 35419 5168 9 as as IN 35419 5168 10 follows follow VBZ 35419 5168 11 : : : 35419 5168 12 1 1 CD 35419 5168 13 . . . 35419 5169 1 Pores pore NNS 35419 5169 2 of of IN 35419 5169 3 spring spring NN 35419 5169 4 wood wood NN 35419 5169 5 form form VBP 35419 5169 6 a a DT 35419 5169 7 broad broad JJ 35419 5169 8 band band NN 35419 5169 9 of of IN 35419 5169 10 several several JJ 35419 5169 11 rows row NNS 35419 5169 12 ; ; : 35419 5169 13 easy easy JJ 35419 5169 14 splitting splitting NN 35419 5169 15 , , , 35419 5169 16 dark dark JJ 35419 5169 17 brown brown JJ 35419 5169 18 heart heart NN 35419 5169 19 ............................ ............................ . 35419 5169 20 RED RED NNP 35419 5169 21 ELM ELM NNP 35419 5169 22 . . . 35419 5170 1 2 2 LS 35419 5170 2 . . . 35419 5171 1 Pores pore NNS 35419 5171 2 of of IN 35419 5171 3 spring spring NN 35419 5171 4 wood wood NN 35419 5171 5 usually usually RB 35419 5171 6 in in IN 35419 5171 7 a a DT 35419 5171 8 single single JJ 35419 5171 9 row row NN 35419 5171 10 , , , 35419 5171 11 or or CC 35419 5171 12 nearly nearly RB 35419 5171 13 so so RB 35419 5171 14 . . . 35419 5172 1 _ _ NNP 35419 5172 2 a. a. NN 35419 5172 3 _ _ NNP 35419 5172 4 Pores Pores NNPS 35419 5172 5 of of IN 35419 5172 6 spring spring NN 35419 5172 7 wood wood NN 35419 5172 8 large large JJ 35419 5172 9 , , , 35419 5172 10 conspicuously conspicuously RB 35419 5172 11 so so IN 35419 5172 12 WHITE WHITE NNP 35419 5172 13 ELM ELM NNP 35419 5172 14 . . . 35419 5173 1 _ _ NNP 35419 5173 2 b. b. NNP 35419 5173 3 _ _ NNP 35419 5173 4 Pores Pores NNP 35419 5173 5 of of IN 35419 5173 6 spring spring NN 35419 5173 7 wood wood NN 35419 5173 8 small small JJ 35419 5173 9 to to TO 35419 5173 10 minute minute VB 35419 5173 11 . . . 35419 5174 1 _ _ NNP 35419 5174 2 a. a. NN 35419 5175 1 ' ' `` 35419 5175 2 _ _ NNP 35419 5175 3 Lines Lines NNP 35419 5175 4 of of IN 35419 5175 5 pores pore NNS 35419 5175 6 in in IN 35419 5175 7 summer summer NN 35419 5175 8 wood wood NN 35419 5175 9 fine fine RB 35419 5175 10 , , , 35419 5175 11 not not RB 35419 5175 12 as as RB 35419 5175 13 wide wide JJ 35419 5175 14 as as IN 35419 5175 15 the the DT 35419 5175 16 intermediate intermediate JJ 35419 5175 17 spaces space NNS 35419 5175 18 , , , 35419 5175 19 giving give VBG 35419 5175 20 rise rise NN 35419 5175 21 to to IN 35419 5175 22 very very RB 35419 5175 23 compact compact JJ 35419 5175 24 grain grain NN 35419 5175 25 ROCK ROCK NNP 35419 5175 26 ELM ELM NNP 35419 5175 27 . . . 35419 5176 1 _ _ NNP 35419 5176 2 b. b. NNP 35419 5177 1 ' ' `` 35419 5177 2 _ _ NNP 35419 5177 3 Lines Lines NNP 35419 5177 4 of of IN 35419 5177 5 pores pore NNS 35419 5177 6 broad broad JJ 35419 5177 7 , , , 35419 5177 8 commonly commonly RB 35419 5177 9 as as RB 35419 5177 10 wide wide JJ 35419 5177 11 as as IN 35419 5177 12 the the DT 35419 5177 13 intermediate intermediate JJ 35419 5177 14 spaces space NNS 35419 5177 15 ......................... ......................... . 35419 5177 16 WINGED WINGED NNP 35419 5177 17 ELM ELM NNP 35419 5177 18 . . . 35419 5178 1 _ _ NNP 35419 5178 2 c. c. NNP 35419 5178 3 _ _ NNP 35419 5178 4 Pores Pores NNP 35419 5178 5 in in IN 35419 5178 6 spring spring NN 35419 5178 7 wood wood NN 35419 5178 8 indistinct indistinct NNP 35419 5178 9 , , , 35419 5178 10 and and CC 35419 5178 11 therefore therefore RB 35419 5178 12 hardly hardly RB 35419 5178 13 a a DT 35419 5178 14 ring ring NN 35419 5178 15 - - HYPH 35419 5178 16 porous porous JJ 35419 5178 17 wood wood NN 35419 5178 18 ................................. ................................. NFP 35419 5178 19 CEDAR CEDAR NNP 35419 5178 20 ELM ELM NNP 35419 5178 21 . . . 35419 5179 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 5179 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 5179 3 : : : 35419 5179 4 Fig Fig NNP 35419 5179 5 . . . 35419 5180 1 138 138 CD 35419 5180 2 . . . 35419 5181 1 Wood Wood NNP 35419 5181 2 of of IN 35419 5181 3 Elm Elm NNP 35419 5181 4 . . . 35419 5182 1 _ _ NNP 35419 5182 2 a a DT 35419 5182 3 _ _ NNP 35419 5182 4 red red JJ 35419 5182 5 elm elm NN 35419 5182 6 ; ; : 35419 5182 7 _ _ NNP 35419 5182 8 b b NNP 35419 5182 9 _ _ NNP 35419 5182 10 , , , 35419 5182 11 white white NNP 35419 5182 12 elm elm NNP 35419 5182 13 ; ; : 35419 5182 14 _ _ NNP 35419 5182 15 c c NNP 35419 5182 16 _ _ NNP 35419 5182 17 , , , 35419 5182 18 winged wing VBD 35419 5182 19 elm elm NNP 35419 5182 20 . . . 35419 5182 21 ] ] -RRB- 35419 5183 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 5183 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 5183 3 : : : 35419 5183 4 Fig Fig NNP 35419 5183 5 . . . 35419 5184 1 139 139 CD 35419 5184 2 . . . 35419 5185 1 Walnut Walnut NNP 35419 5185 2 . . . 35419 5186 1 _ _ NNP 35419 5186 2 p.r p.r NNP 35419 5186 3 . . NNP 35419 5186 4 _ _ NNP 35419 5186 5 , , , 35419 5186 6 pith pith NNP 35419 5186 7 rays ray NNS 35419 5186 8 ; ; : 35419 5186 9 _ _ NNP 35419 5186 10 c.l c.l NNP 35419 5186 11 . . NNP 35419 5186 12 _ _ NNP 35419 5186 13 , , , 35419 5186 14 concentric concentric JJ 35419 5186 15 lines line NNS 35419 5186 16 ; ; : 35419 5186 17 _ _ NNP 35419 5186 18 v v NNP 35419 5186 19 _ _ NNP 35419 5186 20 , , , 35419 5186 21 vessels vessel NNS 35419 5186 22 or or CC 35419 5186 23 pores pore NNS 35419 5186 24 ; ; : 35419 5186 25 _ _ NNP 35419 5186 26 su su NNP 35419 5186 27 . . . 35419 5187 1 w. w. NNP 35419 5187 2 _ _ NNP 35419 5187 3 , , , 35419 5187 4 summer summer NN 35419 5187 5 wood wood NN 35419 5187 6 ; ; : 35419 5187 7 _ _ NNP 35419 5187 8 sp sp NNP 35419 5187 9 . . . 35419 5188 1 w. w. NNP 35419 5188 2 _ _ NNP 35419 5188 3 , , , 35419 5188 4 spring spring NN 35419 5188 5 wood wood NN 35419 5188 6 . . . 35419 5188 7 ] ] -RRB- 35419 5189 1 [ [ -LRB- 35419 5189 2 Illustration illustration NN 35419 5189 3 : : : 35419 5189 4 Fig Fig NNP 35419 5189 5 . . . 35419 5190 1 140 140 CD 35419 5190 2 . . . 35419 5191 1 Wood wood NN 35419 5191 2 of of IN 35419 5191 3 Cherry Cherry NNP 35419 5191 4 . . . 35419 5191 5 ] ] -RRB- 35419 5192 1 INDEX index NN 35419 5192 2 . . . 35419 5193 1 _ _ NNP 35419 5193 2 Abies Abies NNP 35419 5193 3 grandis grandis NN 35419 5193 4 _ _ NNP 35419 5193 5 , , , 35419 5193 6 96 96 CD 35419 5193 7 . . . 35419 5194 1 _ _ NNP 35419 5194 2 Acer Acer NNP 35419 5194 3 dasycarpum dasycarpum NNP 35419 5194 4 _ _ NNP 35419 5194 5 , , , 35419 5194 6 172 172 CD 35419 5194 7 . . . 35419 5195 1 _ _ NNP 35419 5195 2 Acer Acer NNP 35419 5195 3 macrophyllum macrophyllum NN 35419 5195 4 _ _ NNP 35419 5195 5 , , , 35419 5195 6 170 170 CD 35419 5195 7 . . . 35419 5196 1 _ _ NNP 35419 5196 2 Acer Acer NNP 35419 5196 3 rubrum rubrum NN 35419 5196 4 _ _ NNP 35419 5196 5 , , , 35419 5196 6 174 174 CD 35419 5196 7 . . . 35419 5197 1 _ _ NNP 35419 5197 2 Acer Acer NNP 35419 5197 3 saccharinum saccharinum NN 35419 5197 4 _ _ NNP 35419 5197 5 , , , 35419 5197 6 172 172 CD 35419 5197 7 . . . 35419 5198 1 _ _ NNP 35419 5198 2 Acer Acer NNP 35419 5198 3 saccharum saccharum NN 35419 5198 4 _ _ NNP 35419 5198 5 , , , 35419 5198 6 176 176 CD 35419 5198 7 . . . 35419 5199 1 _ _ NNP 35419 5199 2 Agaricus Agaricus NNP 35419 5199 3 melleus melleu NNS 35419 5199 4 _ _ NNP 35419 5199 5 , , , 35419 5199 6 236 236 CD 35419 5199 7 . . . 35419 5200 1 _ _ NNP 35419 5200 2 Agarics Agarics NNPS 35419 5200 3 _ _ NNP 35419 5200 4 , , , 35419 5200 5 234 234 CD 35419 5200 6 , , , 35419 5200 7 236 236 CD 35419 5200 8 . . . 35419 5201 1 Alburnum Alburnum NNP 35419 5201 2 , , , 35419 5201 3 17 17 CD 35419 5201 4 . . . 35419 5202 1 Ambrosia ambrosia JJ 35419 5202 2 beetles beetle NNS 35419 5202 3 , , , 35419 5202 4 242 242 CD 35419 5202 5 . . . 35419 5203 1 Angiosperms angiosperm NNS 35419 5203 2 , , , 35419 5203 3 9 9 CD 35419 5203 4 . . . 35419 5204 1 Animal animal NN 35419 5204 2 enemies enemy NNS 35419 5204 3 , , , 35419 5204 4 239 239 CD 35419 5204 5 . . . 35419 5205 1 Arborvitae Arborvitae NNP 35419 5205 2 , , , 35419 5205 3 Giant Giant NNP 35419 5205 4 , , , 35419 5205 5 104 104 CD 35419 5205 6 . . . 35419 5206 1 Ash Ash NNP 35419 5206 2 , , , 35419 5206 3 182 182 CD 35419 5206 4 - - SYM 35419 5206 5 191 191 CD 35419 5206 6 , , , 35419 5206 7 296 296 CD 35419 5206 8 . . . 35419 5207 1 Ash ash VB 35419 5207 2 , , , 35419 5207 3 Black Black NNP 35419 5207 4 , , , 35419 5207 5 182 182 CD 35419 5207 6 , , , 35419 5207 7 298 298 CD 35419 5207 8 . . . 35419 5208 1 Ash ash VB 35419 5208 2 , , , 35419 5208 3 Blue Blue NNP 35419 5208 4 , , , 35419 5208 5 186 186 CD 35419 5208 6 . . . 35419 5209 1 Ash Ash NNP 35419 5209 2 , , , 35419 5209 3 Hoop Hoop NNP 35419 5209 4 , , , 35419 5209 5 182 182 CD 35419 5209 6 . . . 35419 5210 1 Ash Ash NNP 35419 5210 2 , , , 35419 5210 3 Oregon Oregon NNP 35419 5210 4 , , , 35419 5210 5 184 184 CD 35419 5210 6 . . . 35419 5211 1 Ash ash VB 35419 5211 2 , , , 35419 5211 3 Red Red NNP 35419 5211 4 , , , 35419 5211 5 188 188 CD 35419 5211 6 , , , 35419 5211 7 298 298 CD 35419 5211 8 . . . 35419 5212 1 Ash ash VB 35419 5212 2 , , , 35419 5212 3 White White NNP 35419 5212 4 , , , 35419 5212 5 25 25 CD 35419 5212 6 , , , 35419 5212 7 190 190 CD 35419 5212 8 , , , 35419 5212 9 298 298 CD 35419 5212 10 . . . 35419 5213 1 Bamboo Bamboo NNP 35419 5213 2 , , , 35419 5213 3 10 10 CD 35419 5213 4 , , , 35419 5213 5 11 11 CD 35419 5213 6 . . . 35419 5214 1 Bark Bark NNP 35419 5214 2 , , , 35419 5214 3 10 10 CD 35419 5214 4 , , , 35419 5214 5 13 13 CD 35419 5214 6 , , , 35419 5214 7 14 14 CD 35419 5214 8 . . . 35419 5215 1 Bark Bark NNP 35419 5215 2 borers borer NNS 35419 5215 3 , , , 35419 5215 4 243 243 CD 35419 5215 5 . . . 35419 5216 1 Basswood Basswood NNP 35419 5216 2 , , , 35419 5216 3 14 14 CD 35419 5216 4 , , , 35419 5216 5 178 178 CD 35419 5216 6 , , , 35419 5216 7 301 301 CD 35419 5216 8 . . . 35419 5217 1 Bast bast RB 35419 5217 2 , , , 35419 5217 3 13 13 CD 35419 5217 4 , , , 35419 5217 5 15 15 CD 35419 5217 6 , , , 35419 5217 7 16 16 CD 35419 5217 8 , , , 35419 5217 9 20 20 CD 35419 5217 10 . . . 35419 5218 1 Beech Beech NNP 35419 5218 2 , , , 35419 5218 3 134 134 CD 35419 5218 4 , , , 35419 5218 5 300 300 CD 35419 5218 6 . . . 35419 5219 1 Beech Beech NNP 35419 5219 2 , , , 35419 5219 3 Blue Blue NNP 35419 5219 4 , , , 35419 5219 5 124 124 CD 35419 5219 6 , , , 35419 5219 7 300 300 CD 35419 5219 8 . . . 35419 5220 1 Beech Beech NNP 35419 5220 2 , , , 35419 5220 3 Water Water NNP 35419 5220 4 , , , 35419 5220 5 124 124 CD 35419 5220 6 . . . 35419 5221 1 Beech Beech NNP 35419 5221 2 , , , 35419 5221 3 Water Water NNP 35419 5221 4 , , , 35419 5221 5 162 162 CD 35419 5221 6 . . . 35419 5222 1 Bees bee NNS 35419 5222 2 , , , 35419 5222 3 carpenter carpenter NN 35419 5222 4 , , , 35419 5222 5 246 246 CD 35419 5222 6 . . . 35419 5223 1 Beetles beetle NNS 35419 5223 2 , , , 35419 5223 3 241 241 CD 35419 5223 4 - - SYM 35419 5223 5 246 246 CD 35419 5223 6 . . . 35419 5224 1 _ _ NNP 35419 5224 2 Betula Betula NNP 35419 5224 3 lenta lenta NNP 35419 5224 4 _ _ NNP 35419 5224 5 , , , 35419 5224 6 130 130 CD 35419 5224 7 . . . 35419 5225 1 _ _ NNP 35419 5225 2 Betula Betula NNP 35419 5225 3 lutea lutea JJ 35419 5225 4 _ _ NNP 35419 5225 5 , , , 35419 5225 6 132 132 CD 35419 5225 7 . . . 35419 5226 1 _ _ NNP 35419 5226 2 Betula Betula NNP 35419 5226 3 nigra nigra RB 35419 5226 4 _ _ NNP 35419 5226 5 , , , 35419 5226 6 128 128 CD 35419 5226 7 . . . 35419 5227 1 _ _ NNP 35419 5227 2 Betula Betula NNP 35419 5227 3 papyrifera papyrifera NN 35419 5227 4 _ _ NNP 35419 5227 5 , , , 35419 5227 6 126 126 CD 35419 5227 7 . . . 35419 5228 1 Big Big NNP 35419 5228 2 Tree Tree NNP 35419 5228 3 , , , 35419 5228 4 98 98 CD 35419 5228 5 , , , 35419 5228 6 208 208 CD 35419 5228 7 , , , 35419 5228 8 209 209 CD 35419 5228 9 , , , 35419 5228 10 220 220 CD 35419 5228 11 . . . 35419 5229 1 Birch Birch NNP 35419 5229 2 , , , 35419 5229 3 Black Black NNP 35419 5229 4 , , , 35419 5229 5 130 130 CD 35419 5229 6 . . . 35419 5230 1 Birch Birch NNP 35419 5230 2 , , , 35419 5230 3 Canoe Canoe NNP 35419 5230 4 , , , 35419 5230 5 126 126 CD 35419 5230 6 . . . 35419 5231 1 Birch Birch NNP 35419 5231 2 , , , 35419 5231 3 Cherry Cherry NNP 35419 5231 4 , , , 35419 5231 5 130 130 CD 35419 5231 6 . . . 35419 5232 1 Birch Birch NNP 35419 5232 2 , , , 35419 5232 3 Gray Gray NNP 35419 5232 4 , , , 35419 5232 5 132 132 CD 35419 5232 6 . . . 35419 5233 1 Birch Birch NNP 35419 5233 2 , , , 35419 5233 3 Mahogany Mahogany NNP 35419 5233 4 , , , 35419 5233 5 130 130 CD 35419 5233 6 . . . 35419 5234 1 Birch Birch NNP 35419 5234 2 , , , 35419 5234 3 Paper Paper NNP 35419 5234 4 , , , 35419 5234 5 126 126 CD 35419 5234 6 . . . 35419 5235 1 Birch Birch NNP 35419 5235 2 , , , 35419 5235 3 Red Red NNP 35419 5235 4 , , , 35419 5235 5 128 128 CD 35419 5235 6 . . . 35419 5236 1 Birch Birch NNP 35419 5236 2 , , , 35419 5236 3 River River NNP 35419 5236 4 , , , 35419 5236 5 128 128 CD 35419 5236 6 . . . 35419 5237 1 Birch Birch NNP 35419 5237 2 , , , 35419 5237 3 Sweet Sweet NNP 35419 5237 4 , , , 35419 5237 5 130 130 CD 35419 5237 6 . . . 35419 5238 1 Birch Birch NNP 35419 5238 2 , , , 35419 5238 3 White White NNP 35419 5238 4 , , , 35419 5238 5 126 126 CD 35419 5238 6 . . . 35419 5239 1 Birch Birch NNP 35419 5239 2 , , , 35419 5239 3 Yellow Yellow NNP 35419 5239 4 , , , 35419 5239 5 132 132 CD 35419 5239 6 . . . 35419 5240 1 Bird Bird NNP 35419 5240 2 's 's POS 35419 5240 3 eye eye NN 35419 5240 4 maple maple NN 35419 5240 5 , , , 35419 5240 6 36 36 CD 35419 5240 7 . . . 35419 5241 1 Bluing bluing NN 35419 5241 2 , , , 35419 5241 3 234 234 CD 35419 5241 4 . . . 35419 5242 1 Bole Bole NNP 35419 5242 2 , , , 35419 5242 3 211 211 CD 35419 5242 4 , , , 35419 5242 5 218 218 CD 35419 5242 6 . . . 35419 5243 1 Borers borer NNS 35419 5243 2 , , , 35419 5243 3 243 243 CD 35419 5243 4 - - SYM 35419 5243 5 246 246 CD 35419 5243 6 . . . 35419 5244 1 Bowing Bowing NNP 35419 5244 2 , , , 35419 5244 3 47 47 CD 35419 5244 4 . . . 35419 5245 1 Branches branch NNS 35419 5245 2 , , , 35419 5245 3 37 37 CD 35419 5245 4 , , , 35419 5245 5 218 218 CD 35419 5245 6 , , , 35419 5245 7 226 226 CD 35419 5245 8 , , , 35419 5245 9 286 286 CD 35419 5245 10 . . . 35419 5246 1 Brittleness Brittleness NNP 35419 5246 2 , , , 35419 5246 3 53 53 CD 35419 5246 4 . . . 35419 5247 1 Broad broad RB 35419 5247 2 - - HYPH 35419 5247 3 leaved leave VBN 35419 5247 4 trees tree NNS 35419 5247 5 . . . 35419 5248 1 See see VB 35419 5248 2 Trees Trees NNP 35419 5248 3 , , , 35419 5248 4 Broad Broad NNP 35419 5248 5 - - HYPH 35419 5248 6 leaved leaved JJ 35419 5248 7 . . . 35419 5249 1 Browsing Browsing NNP 35419 5249 2 , , , 35419 5249 3 240 240 CD 35419 5249 4 . . . 35419 5250 1 Buckeye buckeye NN 35419 5250 2 , , , 35419 5250 3 301 301 CD 35419 5250 4 . . . 35419 5251 1 Bud Bud NNP 35419 5251 2 , , , 35419 5251 3 14 14 CD 35419 5251 4 , , , 35419 5251 5 16 16 CD 35419 5251 6 , , , 35419 5251 7 36 36 CD 35419 5251 8 . . . 35419 5252 1 Buds bud NNS 35419 5252 2 , , , 35419 5252 3 Adventitious Adventitious NNP 35419 5252 4 , , , 35419 5252 5 36 36 CD 35419 5252 6 , , , 35419 5252 7 37 37 CD 35419 5252 8 . . . 35419 5253 1 Bullnut Bullnut NNP 35419 5253 2 , , , 35419 5253 3 118 118 CD 35419 5253 4 . . . 35419 5254 1 _ _ NNP 35419 5254 2 Buprestid Buprestid NNP 35419 5254 3 _ _ NNP 35419 5254 4 , , , 35419 5254 5 243 243 CD 35419 5254 6 . . . 35419 5255 1 Burl Burl NNP 35419 5255 2 , , , 35419 5255 3 35 35 CD 35419 5255 4 . . . 35419 5256 1 Butternut Butternut NNP 35419 5256 2 , , , 35419 5256 3 144 144 CD 35419 5256 4 , , , 35419 5256 5 300 300 CD 35419 5256 6 . . . 35419 5257 1 Button Button NNP 35419 5257 2 Ball Ball NNP 35419 5257 3 , , , 35419 5257 4 162 162 CD 35419 5257 5 . . . 35419 5258 1 Buttonwood Buttonwood NNP 35419 5258 2 , , , 35419 5258 3 162 162 CD 35419 5258 4 . . . 35419 5259 1 Calico Calico NNP 35419 5259 2 poplar poplar NN 35419 5259 3 , , , 35419 5259 4 246 246 CD 35419 5259 5 . . . 35419 5260 1 Cambium Cambium NNP 35419 5260 2 , , , 35419 5260 3 10 10 CD 35419 5260 4 , , , 35419 5260 5 13 13 CD 35419 5260 6 , , , 35419 5260 7 14 14 CD 35419 5260 8 , , , 35419 5260 9 15 15 CD 35419 5260 10 , , , 35419 5260 11 16 16 CD 35419 5260 12 , , , 35419 5260 13 22 22 CD 35419 5260 14 , , , 35419 5260 15 237 237 CD 35419 5260 16 . . . 35419 5261 1 Canopy canopy NN 35419 5261 2 , , , 35419 5261 3 204 204 CD 35419 5261 4 , , , 35419 5261 5 211 211 CD 35419 5261 6 , , , 35419 5261 7 212 212 CD 35419 5261 8 . . . 35419 5262 1 Carpenter carpenter NN 35419 5262 2 worms worm NNS 35419 5262 3 , , , 35419 5262 4 245 245 CD 35419 5262 5 . . . 35419 5263 1 Carpenter carpenter NN 35419 5263 2 bees bee NNS 35419 5263 3 , , , 35419 5263 4 246 246 CD 35419 5263 5 . . . 35419 5264 1 _ _ NNP 35419 5264 2 Carpinus Carpinus NNP 35419 5264 3 caroliniana caroliniana NN 35419 5264 4 _ _ NNP 35419 5264 5 , , , 35419 5264 6 124 124 CD 35419 5264 7 . . . 35419 5265 1 Catalpa Catalpa NNP 35419 5265 2 , , , 35419 5265 3 296 296 CD 35419 5265 4 . . . 35419 5266 1 _ _ NNP 35419 5266 2 Castanea Castanea NNP 35419 5266 3 dentata dentata NN 35419 5266 4 _ _ NNP 35419 5266 5 , , , 35419 5266 6 136 136 CD 35419 5266 7 . . . 35419 5267 1 Case case NN 35419 5267 2 - - HYPH 35419 5267 3 hardening harden VBG 35419 5267 4 , , , 35419 5267 5 48 48 CD 35419 5267 6 . . . 35419 5268 1 _ _ NNP 35419 5268 2 Carya Carya NNP 35419 5268 3 tomentosa tomentosa NNP 35419 5268 4 _ _ NNP 35419 5268 5 , , , 35419 5268 6 118 118 CD 35419 5268 7 . . . 35419 5269 1 _ _ NNP 35419 5269 2 Carya Carya NNP 35419 5269 3 porcina porcina NNP 35419 5269 4 _ _ NNP 35419 5269 5 , , , 35419 5269 6 122 122 CD 35419 5269 7 . . . 35419 5270 1 _ _ NNP 35419 5270 2 Carya Carya NNP 35419 5270 3 alba alba VBZ 35419 5270 4 _ _ NNP 35419 5270 5 , , , 35419 5270 6 120 120 CD 35419 5270 7 . . . 35419 5271 1 Cedar Cedar NNP 35419 5271 2 , , , 35419 5271 3 Canoe Canoe NNP 35419 5271 4 , , , 35419 5271 5 104 104 CD 35419 5271 6 . . . 35419 5272 1 Cedar Cedar NNP 35419 5272 2 Incense Incense NNP 35419 5272 3 , , , 35419 5272 4 295 295 CD 35419 5272 5 . . . 35419 5273 1 Cedar Cedar NNP 35419 5273 2 , , , 35419 5273 3 Oregon Oregon NNP 35419 5273 4 , , , 35419 5273 5 108 108 CD 35419 5273 6 . . . 35419 5274 1 Cedar Cedar NNP 35419 5274 2 , , , 35419 5274 3 Port Port NNP 35419 5274 4 Orford Orford NNP 35419 5274 5 , , , 35419 5274 6 108 108 CD 35419 5274 7 . . . 35419 5275 1 Cedar Cedar NNP 35419 5275 2 , , , 35419 5275 3 Red Red NNP 35419 5275 4 , , , 35419 5275 5 110 110 CD 35419 5275 6 , , , 35419 5275 7 223 223 CD 35419 5275 8 , , , 35419 5275 9 295 295 CD 35419 5275 10 . . . 35419 5276 1 Cedar Cedar NNP 35419 5276 2 , , , 35419 5276 3 Western Western NNP 35419 5276 4 Red Red NNP 35419 5276 5 , , , 35419 5276 6 104 104 CD 35419 5276 7 , , , 35419 5276 8 206 206 CD 35419 5276 9 , , , 35419 5276 10 207 207 CD 35419 5276 11 . . . 35419 5277 1 Cedar Cedar NNP 35419 5277 2 , , , 35419 5277 3 White White NNP 35419 5277 4 , , , 35419 5277 5 106 106 CD 35419 5277 6 , , , 35419 5277 7 295 295 CD 35419 5277 8 . . . 35419 5278 1 Cedar Cedar NNP 35419 5278 2 , , , 35419 5278 3 White White NNP 35419 5278 4 , , , 35419 5278 5 108 108 CD 35419 5278 6 . . . 35419 5279 1 Cells cell NNS 35419 5279 2 , , , 35419 5279 3 Wood wood NN 35419 5279 4 , , , 35419 5279 5 15 15 CD 35419 5279 6 , , , 35419 5279 7 19 19 CD 35419 5279 8 , , , 35419 5279 9 20 20 CD 35419 5279 10 , , , 35419 5279 11 21 21 CD 35419 5279 12 , , , 35419 5279 13 24 24 CD 35419 5279 14 , , , 35419 5279 15 26 26 CD 35419 5279 16 , , , 35419 5279 17 41 41 CD 35419 5279 18 , , , 35419 5279 19 42 42 CD 35419 5279 20 . . . 35419 5280 1 Cells cell NNS 35419 5280 2 , , , 35419 5280 3 Fibrous Fibrous NNP 35419 5280 4 , , , 35419 5280 5 28 28 CD 35419 5280 6 . . . 35419 5281 1 Cellulose Cellulose NNP 35419 5281 2 , , , 35419 5281 3 15 15 CD 35419 5281 4 . . . 35419 5282 1 _ _ NNP 35419 5282 2 Cerambycid Cerambycid NNP 35419 5282 3 _ _ NNP 35419 5282 4 , , , 35419 5282 5 243 243 CD 35419 5282 6 . . . 35419 5283 1 _ _ NNP 35419 5283 2 Chamaecyparis Chamaecyparis NNP 35419 5283 3 lawsoniana lawsoniana NNP 35419 5283 4 _ _ NNP 35419 5283 5 , , , 35419 5283 6 108 108 CD 35419 5283 7 . . . 35419 5284 1 _ _ NNP 35419 5284 2 Chamaecyparis Chamaecyparis NNP 35419 5284 3 thyordes thyorde VBZ 35419 5284 4 _ _ NNP 35419 5284 5 , , , 35419 5284 6 106 106 CD 35419 5284 7 . . . 35419 5285 1 Checks check NNS 35419 5285 2 , , , 35419 5285 3 43 43 CD 35419 5285 4 , , , 35419 5285 5 47 47 CD 35419 5285 6 , , , 35419 5285 7 232 232 CD 35419 5285 8 . . . 35419 5286 1 Cherry cherry NN 35419 5286 2 , , , 35419 5286 3 Wild Wild NNP 35419 5286 4 Black Black NNP 35419 5286 5 , , , 35419 5286 6 164 164 CD 35419 5286 7 , , , 35419 5286 8 300 300 CD 35419 5286 9 . . . 35419 5287 1 Chestnut chestnut NN 35419 5287 2 , , , 35419 5287 3 136 136 CD 35419 5287 4 , , , 35419 5287 5 298 298 CD 35419 5287 6 . . . 35419 5288 1 Cleaning cleaning NN 35419 5288 2 , , , 35419 5288 3 218 218 CD 35419 5288 4 , , , 35419 5288 5 286 286 CD 35419 5288 6 . . . 35419 5289 1 Cleavability cleavability NN 35419 5289 2 of of IN 35419 5289 3 wood wood NN 35419 5289 4 , , , 35419 5289 5 41 41 CD 35419 5289 6 , , , 35419 5289 7 53 53 CD 35419 5289 8 . . . 35419 5290 1 Coffee Coffee NNP 35419 5290 2 Tree Tree NNP 35419 5290 3 , , , 35419 5290 4 297 297 CD 35419 5290 5 . . . 35419 5291 1 Color color NN 35419 5291 2 of of IN 35419 5291 3 wood wood NN 35419 5291 4 , , , 35419 5291 5 18 18 CD 35419 5291 6 . . . 35419 5292 1 Cold cold JJ 35419 5292 2 , , , 35419 5292 3 214 214 CD 35419 5292 4 , , , 35419 5292 5 216 216 CD 35419 5292 6 . . . 35419 5293 1 _ _ NNP 35419 5293 2 Coleoptera Coleoptera NNP 35419 5293 3 _ _ NNP 35419 5293 4 , , , 35419 5293 5 241 241 CD 35419 5293 6 . . . 35419 5294 1 Colors color NNS 35419 5294 2 of of IN 35419 5294 3 woods wood NNS 35419 5294 4 , , , 35419 5294 5 17 17 CD 35419 5294 6 , , , 35419 5294 7 18 18 CD 35419 5294 8 , , , 35419 5294 9 290 290 CD 35419 5294 10 . . . 35419 5295 1 Columbian columbian JJ 35419 5295 2 timber timber NN 35419 5295 3 beetle beetle NN 35419 5295 4 , , , 35419 5295 5 245 245 CD 35419 5295 6 . . . 35419 5296 1 Comb comb NN 35419 5296 2 - - HYPH 35419 5296 3 grain grain NN 35419 5296 4 , , , 35419 5296 5 54 54 CD 35419 5296 6 . . . 35419 5297 1 Composition composition NN 35419 5297 2 of of IN 35419 5297 3 forest forest NN 35419 5297 4 , , , 35419 5297 5 197 197 CD 35419 5297 6 - - SYM 35419 5297 7 210 210 CD 35419 5297 8 , , , 35419 5297 9 223 223 CD 35419 5297 10 . . . 35419 5298 1 Compression compression NN 35419 5298 2 , , , 35419 5298 3 51 51 CD 35419 5298 4 , , , 35419 5298 5 52 52 CD 35419 5298 6 . . . 35419 5299 1 Conch Conch NNP 35419 5299 2 , , , 35419 5299 3 235 235 CD 35419 5299 4 . . . 35419 5300 1 Cones Cones NNP 35419 5300 2 , , , 35419 5300 3 Annual Annual NNP 35419 5300 4 , , , 35419 5300 5 19 19 CD 35419 5300 6 . . . 35419 5301 1 Conifers conifer NNS 35419 5301 2 , , , 35419 5301 3 9 9 CD 35419 5301 4 , , , 35419 5301 5 10 10 CD 35419 5301 6 , , , 35419 5301 7 12 12 CD 35419 5301 8 , , , 35419 5301 9 24 24 CD 35419 5301 10 - - SYM 35419 5301 11 26 26 CD 35419 5301 12 , , , 35419 5301 13 29 29 CD 35419 5301 14 , , , 35419 5301 15 30 30 CD 35419 5301 16 , , , 35419 5301 17 48 48 CD 35419 5301 18 , , , 35419 5301 19 58 58 CD 35419 5301 20 - - SYM 35419 5301 21 111 111 CD 35419 5301 22 , , , 35419 5301 23 205 205 CD 35419 5301 24 , , , 35419 5301 25 220 220 CD 35419 5301 26 , , , 35419 5301 27 237 237 CD 35419 5301 28 , , , 35419 5301 29 251 251 CD 35419 5301 30 . . . 35419 5302 1 Conservation conservation NN 35419 5302 2 of of IN 35419 5302 3 forests forest NNS 35419 5302 4 , , , 35419 5302 5 262 262 CD 35419 5302 6 . . . 35419 5303 1 Coppice Coppice NNP 35419 5303 2 , , , 35419 5303 3 220 220 CD 35419 5303 4 , , , 35419 5303 5 278 278 CD 35419 5303 6 , , , 35419 5303 7 279 279 CD 35419 5303 8 . . . 35419 5304 1 Cork cork NN 35419 5304 2 , , , 35419 5304 3 13 13 CD 35419 5304 4 , , , 35419 5304 5 19 19 CD 35419 5304 6 . . . 35419 5305 1 Cortex Cortex NNP 35419 5305 2 , , , 35419 5305 3 13 13 CD 35419 5305 4 , , , 35419 5305 5 15 15 CD 35419 5305 6 . . . 35419 5306 1 _ _ NNP 35419 5306 2 Corthylus Corthylus NNP 35419 5306 3 columbianus columbianus NN 35419 5306 4 _ _ NNP 35419 5306 5 , , , 35419 5306 6 245 245 CD 35419 5306 7 . . . 35419 5307 1 Cottonwood Cottonwood NNP 35419 5307 2 , , , 35419 5307 3 301 301 CD 35419 5307 4 . . . 35419 5308 1 Cover Cover NNP 35419 5308 2 , , , 35419 5308 3 211 211 CD 35419 5308 4 . . . 35419 5309 1 Crop Crop NNP 35419 5309 2 , , , 35419 5309 3 The the DT 35419 5309 4 Forest Forest NNP 35419 5309 5 , , , 35419 5309 6 274 274 CD 35419 5309 7 . . . 35419 5310 1 Crown Crown NNP 35419 5310 2 , , , 35419 5310 3 211 211 CD 35419 5310 4 , , , 35419 5310 5 227 227 CD 35419 5310 6 . . . 35419 5311 1 Cucumber Cucumber NNP 35419 5311 2 Tree Tree NNP 35419 5311 3 , , , 35419 5311 4 156 156 CD 35419 5311 5 , , , 35419 5311 6 301 301 CD 35419 5311 7 . . . 35419 5312 1 _ _ NNP 35419 5312 2 Curculionid Curculionid NNP 35419 5312 3 _ _ NNP 35419 5312 4 , , , 35419 5312 5 243 243 CD 35419 5312 6 . . . 35419 5313 1 Cypress Cypress NNP 35419 5313 2 , , , 35419 5313 3 Bald Bald NNP 35419 5313 4 , , , 35419 5313 5 102 102 CD 35419 5313 6 , , , 35419 5313 7 215 215 CD 35419 5313 8 , , , 35419 5313 9 295 295 CD 35419 5313 10 . . . 35419 5314 1 Cypress Cypress NNP 35419 5314 2 , , , 35419 5314 3 Lawson Lawson NNP 35419 5314 4 , , , 35419 5314 5 108 108 CD 35419 5314 6 . . . 35419 5315 1 Decay Decay NNP 35419 5315 2 , , , 35419 5315 3 235 235 CD 35419 5315 4 . . . 35419 5316 1 Deciduous deciduous JJ 35419 5316 2 trees tree NNS 35419 5316 3 , , , 35419 5316 4 10 10 CD 35419 5316 5 . . . 35419 5317 1 Dicotoledons dicotoledon NNS 35419 5317 2 , , , 35419 5317 3 9 9 CD 35419 5317 4 , , , 35419 5317 5 10 10 CD 35419 5317 6 . . . 35419 5318 1 Differentiation differentiation NN 35419 5318 2 of of IN 35419 5318 3 cells cell NNS 35419 5318 4 , , , 35419 5318 5 16 16 CD 35419 5318 6 . . . 35419 5319 1 Diffuse diffuse NN 35419 5319 2 - - HYPH 35419 5319 3 porous porous JJ 35419 5319 4 . . . 35419 5320 1 See see VB 35419 5320 2 wood wood NN 35419 5320 3 , , , 35419 5320 4 diffuse diffuse NN 35419 5320 5 - - HYPH 35419 5320 6 porous porous JJ 35419 5320 7 . . . 35419 5321 1 Distribution distribution NN 35419 5321 2 of of IN 35419 5321 3 species specie NNS 35419 5321 4 , , , 35419 5321 5 218 218 CD 35419 5321 6 . . . 35419 5322 1 Distribution distribution NN 35419 5322 2 of of IN 35419 5322 3 forests forest NNS 35419 5322 4 , , , 35419 5322 5 197 197 CD 35419 5322 6 - - SYM 35419 5322 7 210 210 CD 35419 5322 8 . . . 35419 5323 1 Drouth Drouth NNP 35419 5323 2 , , , 35419 5323 3 213 213 CD 35419 5323 4 , , , 35419 5323 5 231 231 CD 35419 5323 6 . . . 35419 5324 1 Dry Dry NNP 35419 5324 2 - - HYPH 35419 5324 3 rot rot NNP 35419 5324 4 , , , 35419 5324 5 234 234 CD 35419 5324 6 , , , 35419 5324 7 238 238 CD 35419 5324 8 . . . 35419 5325 1 Duff Duff NNP 35419 5325 2 , , , 35419 5325 3 224 224 CD 35419 5325 4 , , , 35419 5325 5 251 251 CD 35419 5325 6 . . . 35419 5326 1 Duramen Duramen NNP 35419 5326 2 , , , 35419 5326 3 17 17 CD 35419 5326 4 . . . 35419 5327 1 Elasticity elasticity NN 35419 5327 2 of of IN 35419 5327 3 wood wood NN 35419 5327 4 , , , 35419 5327 5 41 41 CD 35419 5327 6 , , , 35419 5327 7 53 53 CD 35419 5327 8 . . . 35419 5328 1 Elm Elm NNP 35419 5328 2 , , , 35419 5328 3 152 152 CD 35419 5328 4 - - SYM 35419 5328 5 155 155 CD 35419 5328 6 , , , 35419 5328 7 298 298 CD 35419 5328 8 . . . 35419 5329 1 Elm Elm NNP 35419 5329 2 , , , 35419 5329 3 American American NNP 35419 5329 4 , , , 35419 5329 5 154 154 CD 35419 5329 6 . . . 35419 5330 1 Elm Elm NNP 35419 5330 2 , , , 35419 5330 3 Cedar Cedar NNP 35419 5330 4 , , , 35419 5330 5 303 303 CD 35419 5330 6 . . . 35419 5331 1 Elm Elm NNP 35419 5331 2 , , , 35419 5331 3 Cliff Cliff NNP 35419 5331 4 , , , 35419 5331 5 152 152 CD 35419 5331 6 . . . 35419 5332 1 Elm Elm NNP 35419 5332 2 , , , 35419 5332 3 Cork Cork NNP 35419 5332 4 , , , 35419 5332 5 152 152 CD 35419 5332 6 . . . 35419 5333 1 Elm Elm NNP 35419 5333 2 , , , 35419 5333 3 Hickory Hickory NNP 35419 5333 4 , , , 35419 5333 5 152 152 CD 35419 5333 6 . . . 35419 5334 1 Elm Elm NNP 35419 5334 2 , , , 35419 5334 3 Red Red NNP 35419 5334 4 , , , 35419 5334 5 302 302 CD 35419 5334 6 . . . 35419 5335 1 Elm Elm NNP 35419 5335 2 , , , 35419 5335 3 Rock Rock NNP 35419 5335 4 , , , 35419 5335 5 152 152 CD 35419 5335 6 , , , 35419 5335 7 303 303 CD 35419 5335 8 . . . 35419 5336 1 Elm Elm NNP 35419 5336 2 , , , 35419 5336 3 Slippery Slippery NNP 35419 5336 4 , , , 35419 5336 5 14 14 CD 35419 5336 6 . . . 35419 5337 1 Elm Elm NNP 35419 5337 2 , , , 35419 5337 3 Water Water NNP 35419 5337 4 , , , 35419 5337 5 154 154 CD 35419 5337 6 . . . 35419 5338 1 Elm Elm NNP 35419 5338 2 , , , 35419 5338 3 White White NNP 35419 5338 4 , , , 35419 5338 5 152 152 CD 35419 5338 6 . . . 35419 5339 1 Elm Elm NNP 35419 5339 2 , , , 35419 5339 3 White White NNP 35419 5339 4 , , , 35419 5339 5 154 154 CD 35419 5339 6 , , , 35419 5339 7 302 302 CD 35419 5339 8 . . . 35419 5340 1 Elm Elm NNP 35419 5340 2 , , , 35419 5340 3 Winged Winged NNP 35419 5340 4 , , , 35419 5340 5 303 303 CD 35419 5340 6 . . . 35419 5341 1 Endogens endogen NNS 35419 5341 2 , , , 35419 5341 3 10 10 CD 35419 5341 4 , , , 35419 5341 5 17 17 CD 35419 5341 6 . . . 35419 5342 1 See See NNP 35419 5342 2 Monocotoledons Monocotoledons NNPS 35419 5342 3 . . . 35419 5343 1 Enemies enemy NNS 35419 5343 2 of of IN 35419 5343 3 the the DT 35419 5343 4 Forest Forest NNP 35419 5343 5 , , , 35419 5343 6 229 229 CD 35419 5343 7 - - SYM 35419 5343 8 249 249 CD 35419 5343 9 . . . 35419 5344 1 Engraver engraver NN 35419 5344 2 beetles beetle NNS 35419 5344 3 , , , 35419 5344 4 241 241 CD 35419 5344 5 . . . 35419 5345 1 Entomology entomology NN 35419 5345 2 , , , 35419 5345 3 Bureau Bureau NNP 35419 5345 4 of of IN 35419 5345 5 , , , 35419 5345 6 247 247 CD 35419 5345 7 . . . 35419 5346 1 Epidermis Epidermis NNP 35419 5346 2 , , , 35419 5346 3 13 13 CD 35419 5346 4 , , , 35419 5346 5 15 15 CD 35419 5346 6 . . . 35419 5347 1 Erosion erosion NN 35419 5347 2 , , , 35419 5347 3 273 273 CD 35419 5347 4 . . . 35419 5348 1 Evaporation evaporation NN 35419 5348 2 , , , 35419 5348 3 42 42 CD 35419 5348 4 , , , 35419 5348 5 47 47 CD 35419 5348 6 . . . 35419 5349 1 Evergreens Evergreens NNP 35419 5349 2 , , , 35419 5349 3 10 10 CD 35419 5349 4 . . . 35419 5350 1 Exotics exotic NNS 35419 5350 2 , , , 35419 5350 3 227 227 CD 35419 5350 4 . . . 35419 5351 1 Exogens Exogens NNP 35419 5351 2 , , , 35419 5351 3 12 12 CD 35419 5351 4 , , , 35419 5351 5 16 16 CD 35419 5351 6 . . . 35419 5352 1 _ _ NNP 35419 5352 2 Fagus Fagus NNP 35419 5352 3 americana americana NNS 35419 5352 4 _ _ NNP 35419 5352 5 , , , 35419 5352 6 134 134 CD 35419 5352 7 . . . 35419 5353 1 _ _ NNP 35419 5353 2 Fagus Fagus NNP 35419 5353 3 atropunicea atropunicea NNP 35419 5353 4 _ _ NNP 35419 5353 5 , , , 35419 5353 6 134 134 CD 35419 5353 7 . . . 35419 5354 1 _ _ NNP 35419 5354 2 Fagus Fagus NNP 35419 5354 3 ferruginea ferruginea NN 35419 5354 4 _ _ NNP 35419 5354 5 , , , 35419 5354 6 134 134 CD 35419 5354 7 . . . 35419 5355 1 _ _ NNP 35419 5355 2 Fagus Fagus NNP 35419 5355 3 grandifolia grandifolia NNP 35419 5355 4 _ _ NNP 35419 5355 5 , , , 35419 5355 6 134 134 CD 35419 5355 7 . . . 35419 5356 1 Figure figure NN 35419 5356 2 , , , 35419 5356 3 37 37 CD 35419 5356 4 . . . 35419 5357 1 Fir fir NN 35419 5357 2 , , , 35419 5357 3 96 96 CD 35419 5357 4 , , , 35419 5357 5 294 294 CD 35419 5357 6 . . . 35419 5358 1 Fir Fir NNP 35419 5358 2 , , , 35419 5358 3 Douglas Douglas NNP 35419 5358 4 , , , 35419 5358 5 94 94 CD 35419 5358 6 . . . 35419 5359 1 Fir Fir NNP 35419 5359 2 , , , 35419 5359 3 Grand Grand NNP 35419 5359 4 , , , 35419 5359 5 96 96 CD 35419 5359 6 . . . 35419 5360 1 Fir fir NN 35419 5360 2 , , , 35419 5360 3 Lowland Lowland NNP 35419 5360 4 , , , 35419 5360 5 96 96 CD 35419 5360 6 . . . 35419 5361 1 Fir fir NN 35419 5361 2 , , , 35419 5361 3 Red Red NNP 35419 5361 4 , , , 35419 5361 5 94 94 CD 35419 5361 6 , , , 35419 5361 7 206 206 CD 35419 5361 8 , , , 35419 5361 9 207 207 CD 35419 5361 10 . . . 35419 5362 1 Fir fir NN 35419 5362 2 , , , 35419 5362 3 Silver silver NN 35419 5362 4 , , , 35419 5362 5 96 96 CD 35419 5362 6 . . . 35419 5363 1 Fir fir NN 35419 5363 2 , , , 35419 5363 3 White White NNP 35419 5363 4 , , , 35419 5363 5 96 96 CD 35419 5363 6 . . . 35419 5364 1 Fire fire NN 35419 5364 2 , , , 35419 5364 3 232 232 CD 35419 5364 4 , , , 35419 5364 5 251 251 CD 35419 5364 6 - - HYPH 35419 5364 7 258 258 CD 35419 5364 8 . . . 35419 5365 1 Fire fire NN 35419 5365 2 lanes lane NNS 35419 5365 3 , , , 35419 5365 4 257 257 CD 35419 5365 5 . . . 35419 5366 1 Fire fire NN 35419 5366 2 losses loss NNS 35419 5366 3 , , , 35419 5366 4 253 253 CD 35419 5366 5 . . . 35419 5367 1 Fire fire NN 35419 5367 2 notice notice NN 35419 5367 3 , , , 35419 5367 4 258 258 CD 35419 5367 5 . . . 35419 5368 1 Fire fire NN 35419 5368 2 trenches trench NNS 35419 5368 3 , , , 35419 5368 4 256 256 CD 35419 5368 5 . . . 35419 5369 1 Fire Fire NNP 35419 5369 2 Wardens Wardens NNP 35419 5369 3 , , , 35419 5369 4 257 257 CD 35419 5369 5 . . . 35419 5370 1 Fires fire NNS 35419 5370 2 , , , 35419 5370 3 Causes Causes NNPS 35419 5370 4 of of IN 35419 5370 5 , , , 35419 5370 6 252 252 CD 35419 5370 7 . . . 35419 5371 1 Fires fire NNS 35419 5371 2 , , , 35419 5371 3 Control Control NNP 35419 5371 4 of of IN 35419 5371 5 , , , 35419 5371 6 256 256 CD 35419 5371 7 - - SYM 35419 5371 8 258 258 CD 35419 5371 9 . . . 35419 5372 1 Fires fire NNS 35419 5372 2 , , , 35419 5372 3 Crown Crown NNP 35419 5372 4 , , , 35419 5372 5 255 255 CD 35419 5372 6 . . . 35419 5373 1 Fires fire NNS 35419 5373 2 , , , 35419 5373 3 Description description NN 35419 5373 4 of of IN 35419 5373 5 , , , 35419 5373 6 254 254 CD 35419 5373 7 - - SYM 35419 5373 8 256 256 CD 35419 5373 9 . . . 35419 5374 1 Fires fire NNS 35419 5374 2 , , , 35419 5374 3 Fear fear NN 35419 5374 4 of of IN 35419 5374 5 , , , 35419 5374 6 261 261 CD 35419 5374 7 . . . 35419 5375 1 Fires fire NNS 35419 5375 2 , , , 35419 5375 3 Opportunities opportunity NNS 35419 5375 4 for for IN 35419 5375 5 , , , 35419 5375 6 251 251 CD 35419 5375 7 . . . 35419 5376 1 Fires fire NNS 35419 5376 2 , , , 35419 5376 3 Statistics Statistics NNPS 35419 5376 4 of of IN 35419 5376 5 , , , 35419 5376 6 253 253 CD 35419 5376 7 . . . 35419 5377 1 Fires fire NNS 35419 5377 2 , , , 35419 5377 3 Surface Surface NNP 35419 5377 4 , , , 35419 5377 5 252 252 CD 35419 5377 6 . . . 35419 5378 1 Floor Floor NNP 35419 5378 2 , , , 35419 5378 3 Forest Forest NNP 35419 5378 4 , , , 35419 5378 5 213 213 CD 35419 5378 6 , , , 35419 5378 7 224 224 CD 35419 5378 8 . . . 35419 5379 1 Forest forest NN 35419 5379 2 , , , 35419 5379 3 Abundance Abundance NNP 35419 5379 4 of of IN 35419 5379 5 , , , 35419 5379 6 260 260 CD 35419 5379 7 . . . 35419 5380 1 Forest forest NN 35419 5380 2 , , , 35419 5380 3 Appalachian Appalachian NNP 35419 5380 4 , , , 35419 5380 5 204 204 CD 35419 5380 6 . . . 35419 5381 1 Forest Forest NNP 35419 5381 2 , , , 35419 5381 3 Atlantic Atlantic NNP 35419 5381 4 , , , 35419 5381 5 197 197 CD 35419 5381 6 . . . 35419 5382 1 Forest forest NN 35419 5382 2 , , , 35419 5382 3 Broadleaf Broadleaf NNP 35419 5382 4 , , , 35419 5382 5 202 202 CD 35419 5382 6 . . . 35419 5383 1 Forest Forest NNP 35419 5383 2 , , , 35419 5383 3 Eastern Eastern NNP 35419 5383 4 , , , 35419 5383 5 197 197 CD 35419 5383 6 - - SYM 35419 5383 7 204 204 CD 35419 5383 8 . . . 35419 5384 1 Forest forest NN 35419 5384 2 , , , 35419 5384 3 Enemies Enemies NNPS 35419 5384 4 of of IN 35419 5384 5 , , , 35419 5384 6 229 229 CD 35419 5384 7 - - SYM 35419 5384 8 249 249 CD 35419 5384 9 . . . 35419 5385 1 Forest Forest NNP 35419 5385 2 , , , 35419 5385 3 Exhaustion Exhaustion NNP 35419 5385 4 of of IN 35419 5385 5 , , , 35419 5385 6 241 241 CD 35419 5385 7 - - SYM 35419 5385 8 270 270 CD 35419 5385 9 . . . 35419 5386 1 Forest forest NN 35419 5386 2 , , , 35419 5386 3 Esthetic esthetic JJ 35419 5386 4 use use NN 35419 5386 5 of of IN 35419 5386 6 , , , 35419 5386 7 277 277 CD 35419 5386 8 . . . 35419 5387 1 Forest forest NN 35419 5387 2 , , , 35419 5387 3 Fear Fear NNP 35419 5387 4 of of IN 35419 5387 5 , , , 35419 5387 6 260 260 CD 35419 5387 7 . . . 35419 5388 1 Forest forest NN 35419 5388 2 , , , 35419 5388 3 Hardwood Hardwood NNP 35419 5388 4 , , , 35419 5388 5 197 197 CD 35419 5388 6 . . . 35419 5389 1 Forest Forest NNP 35419 5389 2 , , , 35419 5389 3 High High NNP 35419 5389 4 , , , 35419 5389 5 281 281 CD 35419 5389 6 . . . 35419 5390 1 Forest forest NN 35419 5390 2 , , , 35419 5390 3 Hostility Hostility NNP 35419 5390 4 toward toward IN 35419 5390 5 , , , 35419 5390 6 260 260 CD 35419 5390 7 . . . 35419 5391 1 Forest forest NN 35419 5391 2 , , , 35419 5391 3 Mixed Mixed NNP 35419 5391 4 , , , 35419 5391 5 204 204 CD 35419 5391 6 , , , 35419 5391 7 213 213 CD 35419 5391 8 , , , 35419 5391 9 214 214 CD 35419 5391 10 . . . 35419 5392 1 Forest Forest NNP 35419 5392 2 , , , 35419 5392 3 Northern Northern NNP 35419 5392 4 , , , 35419 5392 5 197 197 CD 35419 5392 6 , , , 35419 5392 7 216 216 CD 35419 5392 8 . . . 35419 5393 1 Forest Forest NNP 35419 5393 2 , , , 35419 5393 3 Pacific Pacific NNP 35419 5393 4 , , , 35419 5393 5 197 197 CD 35419 5393 6 , , , 35419 5393 7 204 204 CD 35419 5393 8 - - SYM 35419 5393 9 208 208 CD 35419 5393 10 . . . 35419 5394 1 Forest Forest NNP 35419 5394 2 , , , 35419 5394 3 Productive Productive NNP 35419 5394 4 , , , 35419 5394 5 274 274 CD 35419 5394 6 - - SYM 35419 5394 7 277 277 CD 35419 5394 8 . . . 35419 5395 1 Forest Forest NNP 35419 5395 2 , , , 35419 5395 3 Protective Protective NNP 35419 5395 4 , , , 35419 5395 5 271 271 CD 35419 5395 6 - - SYM 35419 5395 7 274 274 CD 35419 5395 8 . . . 35419 5396 1 Forest forest NN 35419 5396 2 , , , 35419 5396 3 Puget Puget NNP 35419 5396 4 Sound Sound NNP 35419 5396 5 , , , 35419 5396 6 206 206 CD 35419 5396 7 . . . 35419 5397 1 Forest forest NN 35419 5397 2 , , , 35419 5397 3 Regular Regular NNP 35419 5397 4 Seed Seed NNP 35419 5397 5 , , , 35419 5397 6 281 281 CD 35419 5397 7 . . . 35419 5398 1 Forest forest NN 35419 5398 2 , , , 35419 5398 3 Rocky Rocky NNP 35419 5398 4 Mountain Mountain NNP 35419 5398 5 , , , 35419 5398 6 197 197 CD 35419 5398 7 , , , 35419 5398 8 204 204 CD 35419 5398 9 , , , 35419 5398 10 205 205 CD 35419 5398 11 . . . 35419 5399 1 Forest forest NN 35419 5399 2 , , , 35419 5399 3 Seed Seed NNP 35419 5399 4 , , , 35419 5399 5 297 297 CD 35419 5399 6 - - SYM 35419 5399 7 282 282 CD 35419 5399 8 . . . 35419 5400 1 Forest forest NN 35419 5400 2 , , , 35419 5400 3 Selection Selection NNP 35419 5400 4 , , , 35419 5400 5 280 280 CD 35419 5400 6 - - SYM 35419 5400 7 281 281 CD 35419 5400 8 . . . 35419 5401 1 Forest forest NN 35419 5401 2 , , , 35419 5401 3 Southern Southern NNP 35419 5401 4 , , , 35419 5401 5 197 197 CD 35419 5401 6 . . . 35419 5402 1 Forest Forest NNP 35419 5402 2 , , , 35419 5402 3 Subarctic Subarctic NNP 35419 5402 4 , , , 35419 5402 5 209 209 CD 35419 5402 6 . . . 35419 5403 1 Forest forest NN 35419 5403 2 , , , 35419 5403 3 Two two CD 35419 5403 4 - - HYPH 35419 5403 5 storied story VBN 35419 5403 6 Seed Seed NNP 35419 5403 7 , , , 35419 5403 8 282 282 CD 35419 5403 9 . . . 35419 5404 1 Forest Forest NNP 35419 5404 2 , , , 35419 5404 3 Use Use NNP 35419 5404 4 of of IN 35419 5404 5 , , , 35419 5404 6 271 271 CD 35419 5404 7 - - SYM 35419 5404 8 287 287 CD 35419 5404 9 . . . 35419 5405 1 Forest Forest NNP 35419 5405 2 , , , 35419 5405 3 Utilization utilization NN 35419 5405 4 of of IN 35419 5405 5 , , , 35419 5405 6 271 271 CD 35419 5405 7 - - SYM 35419 5405 8 277 277 CD 35419 5405 9 . . . 35419 5406 1 Forest forest NN 35419 5406 2 , , , 35419 5406 3 Virgin Virgin NNP 35419 5406 4 , , , 35419 5406 5 280 280 CD 35419 5406 6 . . . 35419 5407 1 Forest Forest NNP 35419 5407 2 , , , 35419 5407 3 Western Western NNP 35419 5407 4 , , , 35419 5407 5 197 197 CD 35419 5407 6 . . . 35419 5408 1 Forestry forestry NN 35419 5408 2 , , , 35419 5408 3 271 271 CD 35419 5408 4 - - SYM 35419 5408 5 287 287 CD 35419 5408 6 . . . 35419 5409 1 Forests forest NNS 35419 5409 2 , , , 35419 5409 3 Composition Composition NNP 35419 5409 4 of of IN 35419 5409 5 North North NNP 35419 5409 6 American American NNP 35419 5409 7 , , , 35419 5409 8 197 197 CD 35419 5409 9 . . . 35419 5410 1 Forests forest NNS 35419 5410 2 , , , 35419 5410 3 National National NNP 35419 5410 4 , , , 35419 5410 5 228 228 CD 35419 5410 6 . . . 35419 5411 1 Forests forest NNS 35419 5411 2 and and CC 35419 5411 3 agriculture agriculture NN 35419 5411 4 , , , 35419 5411 5 258 258 CD 35419 5411 6 , , , 35419 5411 7 277 277 CD 35419 5411 8 . . . 35419 5412 1 Forest forest NN 35419 5412 2 conditions condition NNS 35419 5412 3 , , , 35419 5412 4 211 211 CD 35419 5412 5 - - SYM 35419 5412 6 228 228 CD 35419 5412 7 , , , 35419 5412 8 278 278 CD 35419 5412 9 . . . 35419 5413 1 Forest forest NN 35419 5413 2 conservation conservation NN 35419 5413 3 , , , 35419 5413 4 262 262 CD 35419 5413 5 . . . 35419 5414 1 Forest forest NN 35419 5414 2 cover cover NN 35419 5414 3 , , , 35419 5414 4 204 204 CD 35419 5414 5 , , , 35419 5414 6 211 211 CD 35419 5414 7 , , , 35419 5414 8 212 212 CD 35419 5414 9 , , , 35419 5414 10 224 224 CD 35419 5414 11 . . . 35419 5415 1 Forest forest NN 35419 5415 2 crop crop NN 35419 5415 3 , , , 35419 5415 4 274 274 CD 35419 5415 5 , , , 35419 5415 6 276 276 CD 35419 5415 7 . . . 35419 5416 1 Forest forest NN 35419 5416 2 devastation devastation NN 35419 5416 3 , , , 35419 5416 4 261 261 CD 35419 5416 5 . . . 35419 5417 1 Forest forest NN 35419 5417 2 fires fire NNS 35419 5417 3 , , , 35419 5417 4 251 251 CD 35419 5417 5 - - HYPH 35419 5417 6 258 258 CD 35419 5417 7 , , , 35419 5417 8 261 261 CD 35419 5417 9 . . . 35419 5418 1 Forest forest NN 35419 5418 2 floor floor NN 35419 5418 3 , , , 35419 5418 4 213 213 CD 35419 5418 5 , , , 35419 5418 6 224 224 CD 35419 5418 7 . . . 35419 5419 1 Forest forest NN 35419 5419 2 improvement improvement NN 35419 5419 3 , , , 35419 5419 4 284 284 CD 35419 5419 5 - - SYM 35419 5419 6 286 286 CD 35419 5419 7 . . . 35419 5420 1 Forest forest NN 35419 5420 2 map map NN 35419 5420 3 , , , 35419 5420 4 198 198 CD 35419 5420 5 . . . 35419 5421 1 Forest forest NN 35419 5421 2 organism organism NN 35419 5421 3 , , , 35419 5421 4 The the DT 35419 5421 5 , , , 35419 5421 6 Chapter Chapter NNP 35419 5421 7 V. V. NNP 35419 5421 8 , , , 35419 5421 9 pp pp NNP 35419 5421 10 . . . 35419 5422 1 211 211 CD 35419 5422 2 - - SYM 35419 5422 3 228 228 CD 35419 5422 4 . . . 35419 5423 1 Forest forest NN 35419 5423 2 ownership ownership NN 35419 5423 3 , , , 35419 5423 4 262 262 CD 35419 5423 5 . . . 35419 5424 1 Forest forest NN 35419 5424 2 planting planting NN 35419 5424 3 , , , 35419 5424 4 282 282 CD 35419 5424 5 - - SYM 35419 5424 6 284 284 CD 35419 5424 7 . . . 35419 5425 1 Forest forest NN 35419 5425 2 preservation preservation NN 35419 5425 3 , , , 35419 5425 4 277 277 CD 35419 5425 5 - - SYM 35419 5425 6 284 284 CD 35419 5425 7 . . . 35419 5426 1 Forest forest NN 35419 5426 2 products product NNS 35419 5426 3 , , , 35419 5426 4 276 276 CD 35419 5426 5 . . . 35419 5427 1 Forest Forest NNP 35419 5427 2 Service Service NNP 35419 5427 3 , , , 35419 5427 4 U. U. NNP 35419 5427 5 S. S. NNP 35419 5427 6 , , , 35419 5427 7 262 262 CD 35419 5427 8 , , , 35419 5427 9 264 264 CD 35419 5427 10 , , , 35419 5427 11 275 275 CD 35419 5427 12 . . . 35419 5428 1 _ _ NNP 35419 5428 2 Fraxinus Fraxinus NNP 35419 5428 3 americana americana VBZ 35419 5428 4 _ _ NNP 35419 5428 5 , , , 35419 5428 6 190 190 CD 35419 5428 7 . . . 35419 5429 1 _ _ NNP 35419 5429 2 Fraxinus Fraxinus NNP 35419 5429 3 nigra nigra NN 35419 5429 4 _ _ NNP 35419 5429 5 , , , 35419 5429 6 182 182 CD 35419 5429 7 . . . 35419 5430 1 _ _ NNP 35419 5430 2 Fraxinus Fraxinus NNP 35419 5430 3 oregona oregona NN 35419 5430 4 _ _ NNP 35419 5430 5 , , , 35419 5430 6 184 184 CD 35419 5430 7 . . . 35419 5431 1 _ _ NNP 35419 5431 2 Fraxinus Fraxinus NNP 35419 5431 3 pennsylvanica pennsylvanica NNP 35419 5431 4 _ _ NNP 35419 5431 5 , , , 35419 5431 6 188 188 CD 35419 5431 7 . . . 35419 5432 1 _ _ NNP 35419 5432 2 Fraxinus Fraxinus NNP 35419 5432 3 quadrangulata quadrangulata NN 35419 5432 4 _ _ NNP 35419 5432 5 , , , 35419 5432 6 186 186 CD 35419 5432 7 . . . 35419 5433 1 Frost Frost NNP 35419 5433 2 , , , 35419 5433 3 232 232 CD 35419 5433 4 . . . 35419 5434 1 Frost frost NN 35419 5434 2 - - HYPH 35419 5434 3 check check NN 35419 5434 4 , , , 35419 5434 5 232 232 CD 35419 5434 6 . . . 35419 5435 1 Fungi Fungi NNP 35419 5435 2 , , , 35419 5435 3 20 20 CD 35419 5435 4 , , , 35419 5435 5 233 233 CD 35419 5435 6 - - HYPH 35419 5435 7 239 239 CD 35419 5435 8 . . . 35419 5436 1 Ginko Ginko NNP 35419 5436 2 , , , 35419 5436 3 12 12 CD 35419 5436 4 . . . 35419 5437 1 Gluing glue VBG 35419 5437 2 , , , 35419 5437 3 54 54 CD 35419 5437 4 . . . 35419 5438 1 Goats Goats NNP 35419 5438 2 , , , 35419 5438 3 240 240 CD 35419 5438 4 . . . 35419 5439 1 Grain grain NN 35419 5439 2 of of IN 35419 5439 3 wood wood NN 35419 5439 4 , , , 35419 5439 5 19 19 CD 35419 5439 6 , , , 35419 5439 7 30 30 CD 35419 5439 8 , , , 35419 5439 9 31 31 CD 35419 5439 10 , , , 35419 5439 11 32 32 CD 35419 5439 12 - - SYM 35419 5439 13 37 37 CD 35419 5439 14 , , , 35419 5439 15 53 53 CD 35419 5439 16 . . . 35419 5440 1 Grain Grain NNP 35419 5440 2 , , , 35419 5440 3 Bird Bird NNP 35419 5440 4 's 's POS 35419 5440 5 eye eye NN 35419 5440 6 . . . 35419 5441 1 Grain grain NN 35419 5441 2 , , , 35419 5441 3 coarse coarse JJ 35419 5441 4 , , , 35419 5441 5 32 32 CD 35419 5441 6 . . . 35419 5442 1 Grain grain NN 35419 5442 2 , , , 35419 5442 3 cross cross NN 35419 5442 4 , , , 35419 5442 5 33 33 CD 35419 5442 6 , , , 35419 5442 7 53 53 CD 35419 5442 8 . . . 35419 5443 1 Grain grain NN 35419 5443 2 , , , 35419 5443 3 curly curly RB 35419 5443 4 , , , 35419 5443 5 35 35 CD 35419 5443 6 . . . 35419 5444 1 Grain grain NN 35419 5444 2 , , , 35419 5444 3 fine fine JJ 35419 5444 4 , , , 35419 5444 5 32 32 CD 35419 5444 6 . . . 35419 5445 1 Grain grain NN 35419 5445 2 , , , 35419 5445 3 spiral spiral JJ 35419 5445 4 , , , 35419 5445 5 33 33 CD 35419 5445 6 . . . 35419 5446 1 Grain grain NN 35419 5446 2 , , , 35419 5446 3 straight straight JJ 35419 5446 4 , , , 35419 5446 5 33 33 CD 35419 5446 6 , , , 35419 5446 7 53 53 CD 35419 5446 8 . . . 35419 5447 1 Grain grain NN 35419 5447 2 , , , 35419 5447 3 twisted twisted JJ 35419 5447 4 , , , 35419 5447 5 33 33 CD 35419 5447 6 . . . 35419 5448 1 Grain Grain NNP 35419 5448 2 , , , 35419 5448 3 wavy wavy NNP 35419 5448 4 , , , 35419 5448 5 34 34 CD 35419 5448 6 . . . 35419 5449 1 Grazing grazing NN 35419 5449 2 , , , 35419 5449 3 239 239 CD 35419 5449 4 . . . 35419 5450 1 Group group NN 35419 5450 2 system system NN 35419 5450 3 , , , 35419 5450 4 279 279 CD 35419 5450 5 . . . 35419 5451 1 Grubs grub NNS 35419 5451 2 , , , 35419 5451 3 243 243 CD 35419 5451 4 , , , 35419 5451 5 244 244 CD 35419 5451 6 . . . 35419 5452 1 Gum Gum NNP 35419 5452 2 , , , 35419 5452 3 Black Black NNP 35419 5452 4 , , , 35419 5452 5 180 180 CD 35419 5452 6 . . . 35419 5453 1 Gum Gum NNP 35419 5453 2 , , , 35419 5453 3 Sour Sour NNP 35419 5453 4 , , , 35419 5453 5 180 180 CD 35419 5453 6 , , , 35419 5453 7 301 301 CD 35419 5453 8 . . . 35419 5454 1 Gum Gum NNP 35419 5454 2 , , , 35419 5454 3 Sweet Sweet NNP 35419 5454 4 , , , 35419 5454 5 160 160 CD 35419 5454 6 , , , 35419 5454 7 301 301 CD 35419 5454 8 . . . 35419 5455 1 Gymnosperms gymnosperm NNS 35419 5455 2 , , , 35419 5455 3 9 9 CD 35419 5455 4 . . . 35419 5456 1 Hackberry Hackberry NNP 35419 5456 2 , , , 35419 5456 3 297 297 CD 35419 5456 4 . . . 35419 5457 1 Hackmatack Hackmatack NNP 35419 5457 2 , , , 35419 5457 3 76 76 CD 35419 5457 4 . . . 35419 5458 1 Hardness hardness NN 35419 5458 2 of of IN 35419 5458 3 wood wood NN 35419 5458 4 , , , 35419 5458 5 41 41 CD 35419 5458 6 , , , 35419 5458 7 54 54 CD 35419 5458 8 . . . 35419 5459 1 Hardwoods Hardwoods NNP 35419 5459 2 , , , 35419 5459 3 12 12 CD 35419 5459 4 . . . 35419 5460 1 Heart heart NN 35419 5460 2 - - HYPH 35419 5460 3 wood wood NN 35419 5460 4 , , , 35419 5460 5 13 13 CD 35419 5460 6 , , , 35419 5460 7 17 17 CD 35419 5460 8 , , , 35419 5460 9 18 18 CD 35419 5460 10 , , , 35419 5460 11 19 19 CD 35419 5460 12 , , , 35419 5460 13 290 290 CD 35419 5460 14 . . . 35419 5461 1 Hemlock Hemlock NNP 35419 5461 2 , , , 35419 5461 3 90 90 CD 35419 5461 4 , , , 35419 5461 5 295 295 CD 35419 5461 6 . . . 35419 5462 1 Hemlock Hemlock NNP 35419 5462 2 , , , 35419 5462 3 Black Black NNP 35419 5462 4 , , , 35419 5462 5 92 92 CD 35419 5462 6 . . . 35419 5463 1 Hemlock Hemlock NNP 35419 5463 2 , , , 35419 5463 3 Western Western NNP 35419 5463 4 , , , 35419 5463 5 92 92 CD 35419 5463 6 , , , 35419 5463 7 206 206 CD 35419 5463 8 . . . 35419 5464 1 _ _ NNP 35419 5464 2 Hicoria Hicoria NNP 35419 5464 3 alba alba VBZ 35419 5464 4 _ _ NNP 35419 5464 5 , , , 35419 5464 6 118 118 CD 35419 5464 7 . . . 35419 5465 1 _ _ NNP 35419 5465 2 Hicoria Hicoria NNP 35419 5465 3 glabra glabra NN 35419 5465 4 _ _ NNP 35419 5465 5 , , , 35419 5465 6 122 122 CD 35419 5465 7 . . . 35419 5466 1 _ _ NNP 35419 5466 2 Hicoria Hicoria NNP 35419 5466 3 ovata ovata NN 35419 5466 4 _ _ NNP 35419 5466 5 , , , 35419 5466 6 120 120 CD 35419 5466 7 . . . 35419 5467 1 Hickory Hickory NNP 35419 5467 2 , , , 35419 5467 3 118 118 CD 35419 5467 4 - - SYM 35419 5467 5 123 123 CD 35419 5467 6 , , , 35419 5467 7 298 298 CD 35419 5467 8 . . . 35419 5468 1 Hickory hickory JJ 35419 5468 2 , , , 35419 5468 3 Big big NN 35419 5468 4 - - HYPH 35419 5468 5 bud bud NN 35419 5468 6 , , , 35419 5468 7 118 118 CD 35419 5468 8 . . . 35419 5469 1 Hickory hickory JJ 35419 5469 2 , , , 35419 5469 3 Black Black NNP 35419 5469 4 , , , 35419 5469 5 118 118 CD 35419 5469 6 . . . 35419 5470 1 Hickory Hickory NNP 35419 5470 2 , , , 35419 5470 3 Shagbark Shagbark NNP 35419 5470 4 , , , 35419 5470 5 120 120 CD 35419 5470 6 . . . 35419 5471 1 Hickory Hickory NNP 35419 5471 2 , , , 35419 5471 3 Shellbark Shellbark NNP 35419 5471 4 , , , 35419 5471 5 120 120 CD 35419 5471 6 . . . 35419 5472 1 Hickory hickory JJ 35419 5472 2 , , , 35419 5472 3 White White NNP 35419 5472 4 - - HYPH 35419 5472 5 heart heart NN 35419 5472 6 , , , 35419 5472 7 118 118 CD 35419 5472 8 . . . 35419 5473 1 High High NNP 35419 5473 2 Forest Forest NNP 35419 5473 3 , , , 35419 5473 4 281 281 CD 35419 5473 5 . . . 35419 5474 1 Holly Holly NNP 35419 5474 2 , , , 35419 5474 3 301 301 CD 35419 5474 4 . . . 35419 5475 1 Honeycombing Honeycombing NNP 35419 5475 2 , , , 35419 5475 3 48 48 CD 35419 5475 4 . . . 35419 5476 1 Hornbeam Hornbeam NNP 35419 5476 2 , , , 35419 5476 3 124 124 CD 35419 5476 4 . . . 35419 5477 1 Horn horn NN 35419 5477 2 - - HYPH 35419 5477 3 tails tail NNS 35419 5477 4 , , , 35419 5477 5 246 246 CD 35419 5477 6 . . . 35419 5478 1 Hygroscopicity hygroscopicity NN 35419 5478 2 of of IN 35419 5478 3 wood wood NN 35419 5478 4 , , , 35419 5478 5 41 41 CD 35419 5478 6 . . . 35419 5479 1 _ _ NNP 35419 5479 2 Hymenomycetes Hymenomycetes NNP 35419 5479 3 _ _ NNP 35419 5479 4 , , , 35419 5479 5 234 234 CD 35419 5479 6 . . . 35419 5480 1 Ice ice NN 35419 5480 2 , , , 35419 5480 3 232 232 CD 35419 5480 4 . . . 35419 5481 1 Ichneumon Ichneumon NNP 35419 5481 2 fly fly VBP 35419 5481 3 , , , 35419 5481 4 247 247 CD 35419 5481 5 . . . 35419 5482 1 Identification identification NN 35419 5482 2 of of IN 35419 5482 3 woods wood NNS 35419 5482 4 , , , 35419 5482 5 289 289 CD 35419 5482 6 - - SYM 35419 5482 7 303 303 CD 35419 5482 8 . . . 35419 5483 1 Improvement improvement NN 35419 5483 2 of of IN 35419 5483 3 forests forest NNS 35419 5483 4 , , , 35419 5483 5 284 284 CD 35419 5483 6 - - SYM 35419 5483 7 286 286 CD 35419 5483 8 . . . 35419 5484 1 Inflammability inflammability NN 35419 5484 2 of of IN 35419 5484 3 bark bark NN 35419 5484 4 , , , 35419 5484 5 14 14 CD 35419 5484 6 , , , 35419 5484 7 251 251 CD 35419 5484 8 . . . 35419 5485 1 Insects insect NNS 35419 5485 2 , , , 35419 5485 3 240 240 CD 35419 5485 4 - - HYPH 35419 5485 5 248 248 CD 35419 5485 6 . . . 35419 5486 1 Insects insect NNS 35419 5486 2 , , , 35419 5486 3 parasitic parasitic JJ 35419 5486 4 , , , 35419 5486 5 247 247 CD 35419 5486 6 . . . 35419 5487 1 Insects insect NNS 35419 5487 2 , , , 35419 5487 3 predaceous predaceous JJ 35419 5487 4 , , , 35419 5487 5 247 247 CD 35419 5487 6 . . . 35419 5488 1 Intolerance intolerance NN 35419 5488 2 , , , 35419 5488 3 216 216 CD 35419 5488 4 , , , 35419 5488 5 219 219 CD 35419 5488 6 , , , 35419 5488 7 221 221 CD 35419 5488 8 . . . 35419 5489 1 Iron iron NN 35419 5489 2 - - HYPH 35419 5489 3 wood wood NN 35419 5489 4 , , , 35419 5489 5 124 124 CD 35419 5489 6 . . . 35419 5490 1 _ _ NNP 35419 5490 2 Juglans Juglans NNP 35419 5490 3 cinerea cinerea NN 35419 5490 4 _ _ NNP 35419 5490 5 , , , 35419 5490 6 114 114 CD 35419 5490 7 . . . 35419 5491 1 _ _ NNP 35419 5491 2 Juglans Juglans NNP 35419 5491 3 nigra nigra RB 35419 5491 4 _ _ NNP 35419 5491 5 , , , 35419 5491 6 116 116 CD 35419 5491 7 . . . 35419 5492 1 _ _ NNP 35419 5492 2 Juniperus Juniperus NNP 35419 5492 3 virginiana virginiana NNP 35419 5492 4 _ _ NNP 35419 5492 5 , , , 35419 5492 6 110 110 CD 35419 5492 7 . . . 35419 5493 1 Key key JJ 35419 5493 2 for for IN 35419 5493 3 the the DT 35419 5493 4 distinction distinction NN 35419 5493 5 of of IN 35419 5493 6 woods wood NNS 35419 5493 7 , , , 35419 5493 8 292 292 CD 35419 5493 9 - - SYM 35419 5493 10 303 303 CD 35419 5493 11 . . . 35419 5494 1 King King NNP 35419 5494 2 - - HYPH 35419 5494 3 nut nut NNP 35419 5494 4 , , , 35419 5494 5 118 118 CD 35419 5494 6 . . . 35419 5495 1 Knot Knot NNP 35419 5495 2 , , , 35419 5495 3 35 35 CD 35419 5495 4 , , , 35419 5495 5 37 37 CD 35419 5495 6 , , , 35419 5495 7 38 38 CD 35419 5495 8 . . . 35419 5496 1 Larch Larch NNP 35419 5496 2 , , , 35419 5496 3 76 76 CD 35419 5496 4 . . . 35419 5497 1 Larch Larch NNP 35419 5497 2 , , , 35419 5497 3 Western Western NNP 35419 5497 4 , , , 35419 5497 5 78 78 CD 35419 5497 6 . . . 35419 5498 1 _ _ NNP 35419 5498 2 Larix Larix NNP 35419 5498 3 americana americana NNP 35419 5498 4 _ _ NNP 35419 5498 5 , , , 35419 5498 6 76 76 CD 35419 5498 7 . . . 35419 5499 1 _ _ NNP 35419 5499 2 Larix Larix NNP 35419 5499 3 laricina laricina NN 35419 5499 4 _ _ NNP 35419 5499 5 , , , 35419 5499 6 76 76 CD 35419 5499 7 . . . 35419 5500 1 _ _ NNP 35419 5500 2 Larix Larix NNP 35419 5500 3 occidentales occidentale VBZ 35419 5500 4 _ _ NNP 35419 5500 5 , , , 35419 5500 6 78 78 CD 35419 5500 7 . . . 35419 5501 1 Leaves leave NNS 35419 5501 2 , , , 35419 5501 3 14 14 CD 35419 5501 4 , , , 35419 5501 5 216 216 CD 35419 5501 6 . . . 35419 5502 1 Lenticels lenticel NNS 35419 5502 2 , , , 35419 5502 3 14 14 CD 35419 5502 4 . . . 35419 5503 1 _ _ NNP 35419 5503 2 Lepidoptera Lepidoptera NNP 35419 5503 3 _ _ NNP 35419 5503 4 , , , 35419 5503 5 241 241 CD 35419 5503 6 . . . 35419 5504 1 Light light JJ 35419 5504 2 , , , 35419 5504 3 216 216 CD 35419 5504 4 - - SYM 35419 5504 5 218 218 CD 35419 5504 6 . . . 35419 5505 1 Lightning lightning NN 35419 5505 2 , , , 35419 5505 3 231 231 CD 35419 5505 4 , , , 35419 5505 5 251 251 CD 35419 5505 6 . . . 35419 5506 1 Lignin Lignin NNP 35419 5506 2 , , , 35419 5506 3 16 16 CD 35419 5506 4 . . . 35419 5507 1 Linden Linden NNP 35419 5507 2 , , , 35419 5507 3 178 178 CD 35419 5507 4 . . . 35419 5508 1 _ _ NNP 35419 5508 2 Liquidambar Liquidambar NNP 35419 5508 3 styraciflua styraciflua NN 35419 5508 4 _ _ NNP 35419 5508 5 , , , 35419 5508 6 160 160 CD 35419 5508 7 . . . 35419 5509 1 _ _ NNP 35419 5509 2 Liriodendron Liriodendron NNP 35419 5509 3 tulipifera tulipifera NN 35419 5509 4 _ _ NNP 35419 5509 5 , , , 35419 5509 6 158 158 CD 35419 5509 7 . . . 35419 5510 1 Localized Localized NNP 35419 5510 2 Selection Selection NNP 35419 5510 3 system system NN 35419 5510 4 , , , 35419 5510 5 281 281 CD 35419 5510 6 . . . 35419 5511 1 Locust Locust NNP 35419 5511 2 , , , 35419 5511 3 166 166 CD 35419 5511 4 . . . 35419 5512 1 Locust Locust NNP 35419 5512 2 , , , 35419 5512 3 Black Black NNP 35419 5512 4 , , , 35419 5512 5 166 166 CD 35419 5512 6 , , , 35419 5512 7 296 296 CD 35419 5512 8 . . . 35419 5513 1 Locust Locust NNP 35419 5513 2 , , , 35419 5513 3 Honey Honey NNP 35419 5513 4 , , , 35419 5513 5 166 166 CD 35419 5513 6 , , , 35419 5513 7 297 297 CD 35419 5513 8 . . . 35419 5514 1 Locust Locust NNP 35419 5514 2 , , , 35419 5514 3 Yellow Yellow NNP 35419 5514 4 , , , 35419 5514 5 166 166 CD 35419 5514 6 . . . 35419 5515 1 Long long RB 35419 5515 2 - - HYPH 35419 5515 3 bodied bodied JJ 35419 5515 4 trunk trunk NN 35419 5515 5 , , , 35419 5515 6 225 225 CD 35419 5515 7 . . . 35419 5516 1 Lumber lumber NN 35419 5516 2 consumption consumption NN 35419 5516 3 , , , 35419 5516 4 264 264 CD 35419 5516 5 . . . 35419 5517 1 Lumber Lumber NNP 35419 5517 2 , , , 35419 5517 3 9 9 CD 35419 5517 4 , , , 35419 5517 5 10 10 CD 35419 5517 6 . . . 35419 5518 1 Lumber lumber NN 35419 5518 2 prices price NNS 35419 5518 3 , , , 35419 5518 4 267 267 CD 35419 5518 5 , , , 35419 5518 6 268 268 CD 35419 5518 7 . . . 35419 5519 1 Lumber lumber NN 35419 5519 2 production production NN 35419 5519 3 , , , 35419 5519 4 265 265 CD 35419 5519 5 - - SYM 35419 5519 6 267 267 CD 35419 5519 7 . . . 35419 5520 1 Lumber lumber NN 35419 5520 2 , , , 35419 5520 3 substitutes substitute VBZ 35419 5520 4 for for IN 35419 5520 5 , , , 35419 5520 6 264 264 CD 35419 5520 7 . . . 35419 5521 1 Lumbering lumber VBG 35419 5521 2 , , , 35419 5521 3 conservative conservative JJ 35419 5521 4 , , , 35419 5521 5 274 274 CD 35419 5521 6 , , , 35419 5521 7 276 276 CD 35419 5521 8 . . . 35419 5522 1 Lumbering lumber VBG 35419 5522 2 , , , 35419 5522 3 destructive destructive JJ 35419 5522 4 , , , 35419 5522 5 251 251 CD 35419 5522 6 , , , 35419 5522 7 258 258 CD 35419 5522 8 - - SYM 35419 5522 9 263 263 CD 35419 5522 10 . . . 35419 5523 1 Lumberman Lumberman NNP 35419 5523 2 , , , 35419 5523 3 260 260 CD 35419 5523 4 . . . 35419 5524 1 _ _ NNP 35419 5524 2 Magnolia Magnolia NNP 35419 5524 3 acuminata acuminata NN 35419 5524 4 _ _ NNP 35419 5524 5 , , , 35419 5524 6 156 156 CD 35419 5524 7 . . . 35419 5525 1 Magnolia Magnolia NNP 35419 5525 2 , , , 35419 5525 3 Mountain Mountain NNP 35419 5525 4 , , , 35419 5525 5 156 156 CD 35419 5525 6 . . . 35419 5526 1 Mahogany Mahogany NNP 35419 5526 2 , , , 35419 5526 3 168 168 CD 35419 5526 4 . . . 35419 5527 1 Maple Maple NNP 35419 5527 2 , , , 35419 5527 3 170 170 CD 35419 5527 4 - - SYM 35419 5527 5 177 177 CD 35419 5527 6 , , , 35419 5527 7 301 301 CD 35419 5527 8 . . . 35419 5528 1 Maple Maple NNP 35419 5528 2 , , , 35419 5528 3 Hard Hard NNP 35419 5528 4 , , , 35419 5528 5 25 25 CD 35419 5528 6 , , , 35419 5528 7 176 176 CD 35419 5528 8 . . . 35419 5529 1 Maple Maple NNP 35419 5529 2 , , , 35419 5529 3 Large large JJ 35419 5529 4 Leaved Leaved NNP 35419 5529 5 , , , 35419 5529 6 170 170 CD 35419 5529 7 . . . 35419 5530 1 Maple Maple NNP 35419 5530 2 , , , 35419 5530 3 Oregon Oregon NNP 35419 5530 4 , , , 35419 5530 5 170 170 CD 35419 5530 6 , , , 35419 5530 7 207 207 CD 35419 5530 8 . . . 35419 5531 1 Maple Maple NNP 35419 5531 2 , , , 35419 5531 3 Red Red NNP 35419 5531 4 , , , 35419 5531 5 174 174 CD 35419 5531 6 , , , 35419 5531 7 302 302 CD 35419 5531 8 . . . 35419 5532 1 Maple Maple NNP 35419 5532 2 , , , 35419 5532 3 Rock Rock NNP 35419 5532 4 , , , 35419 5532 5 25 25 CD 35419 5532 6 , , , 35419 5532 7 176 176 CD 35419 5532 8 . . . 35419 5533 1 Maple Maple NNP 35419 5533 2 , , , 35419 5533 3 Silver silver NN 35419 5533 4 , , , 35419 5533 5 172 172 CD 35419 5533 6 , , , 35419 5533 7 302 302 CD 35419 5533 8 . . . 35419 5534 1 Maple Maple NNP 35419 5534 2 , , , 35419 5534 3 Soft Soft NNP 35419 5534 4 , , , 35419 5534 5 172 172 CD 35419 5534 6 . . . 35419 5535 1 Maple Maple NNP 35419 5535 2 , , , 35419 5535 3 Sugar Sugar NNP 35419 5535 4 , , , 35419 5535 5 176 176 CD 35419 5535 6 . . . 35419 5536 1 Maple Maple NNP 35419 5536 2 , , , 35419 5536 3 White White NNP 35419 5536 4 , , , 35419 5536 5 170 170 CD 35419 5536 6 . . . 35419 5537 1 Maple Maple NNP 35419 5537 2 , , , 35419 5537 3 White White NNP 35419 5537 4 , , , 35419 5537 5 172 172 CD 35419 5537 6 . . . 35419 5538 1 Medullary medullary JJ 35419 5538 2 rays ray NNS 35419 5538 3 . . . 35419 5539 1 See see VB 35419 5539 2 Rays ray NNS 35419 5539 3 . . . 35419 5540 1 Medullary Medullary NNP 35419 5540 2 Sheath Sheath NNP 35419 5540 3 . . . 35419 5541 1 See see VB 35419 5541 2 Sheath Sheath NNP 35419 5541 3 . . . 35419 5542 1 _ _ NNP 35419 5542 2 Merulius Merulius NNP 35419 5542 3 lachrymans lachrymans NNPS 35419 5542 4 _ _ NNP 35419 5542 5 , , , 35419 5542 6 234 234 CD 35419 5542 7 , , , 35419 5542 8 238 238 CD 35419 5542 9 . . . 35419 5543 1 Meteorological meteorological JJ 35419 5543 2 enemies enemy NNS 35419 5543 3 , , , 35419 5543 4 229 229 CD 35419 5543 5 - - SYM 35419 5543 6 233 233 CD 35419 5543 7 . . . 35419 5544 1 Mice mouse NNS 35419 5544 2 , , , 35419 5544 3 237 237 CD 35419 5544 4 . . . 35419 5545 1 Microscope microscope NN 35419 5545 2 , , , 35419 5545 3 14 14 CD 35419 5545 4 , , , 35419 5545 5 24 24 CD 35419 5545 6 - - SYM 35419 5545 7 31 31 CD 35419 5545 8 , , , 35419 5545 9 290 290 CD 35419 5545 10 . . . 35419 5546 1 Mine mine UH 35419 5546 2 , , , 35419 5546 3 Forest Forest NNP 35419 5546 4 treated treat VBD 35419 5546 5 as as IN 35419 5546 6 , , , 35419 5546 7 261 261 CD 35419 5546 8 , , , 35419 5546 9 274 274 CD 35419 5546 10 . . . 35419 5547 1 Mockernut Mockernut NNP 35419 5547 2 , , , 35419 5547 3 118 118 CD 35419 5547 4 . . . 35419 5548 1 Moisture moisture NN 35419 5548 2 , , , 35419 5548 3 213 213 CD 35419 5548 4 . . . 35419 5549 1 Moisture moisture NN 35419 5549 2 in in IN 35419 5549 3 wood wood NN 35419 5549 4 , , , 35419 5549 5 41 41 CD 35419 5549 6 , , , 35419 5549 7 52 52 CD 35419 5549 8 . . . 35419 5550 1 Monocotoledons monocotoledon NNS 35419 5550 2 , , , 35419 5550 3 9 9 CD 35419 5550 4 , , , 35419 5550 5 10 10 CD 35419 5550 6 , , , 35419 5550 7 17 17 CD 35419 5550 8 . . . 35419 5551 1 See see VB 35419 5551 2 also also RB 35419 5551 3 Endogens endogen NNS 35419 5551 4 . . . 35419 5552 1 Mountain mountain NN 35419 5552 2 , , , 35419 5552 3 216 216 CD 35419 5552 4 . . . 35419 5553 1 Mulberry Mulberry NNP 35419 5553 2 , , , 35419 5553 3 Red Red NNP 35419 5553 4 , , , 35419 5553 5 297 297 CD 35419 5553 6 . . . 35419 5554 1 Mushroom mushroom NN 35419 5554 2 , , , 35419 5554 3 236 236 CD 35419 5554 4 . . . 35419 5555 1 Mutual mutual JJ 35419 5555 2 aid aid NN 35419 5555 3 , , , 35419 5555 4 224 224 CD 35419 5555 5 . . . 35419 5556 1 Nailing Nailing NNP 35419 5556 2 , , , 35419 5556 3 53 53 CD 35419 5556 4 . . . 35419 5557 1 Needle needle NN 35419 5557 2 - - HYPH 35419 5557 3 leaf leaf NN 35419 5557 4 trees tree NNS 35419 5557 5 , , , 35419 5557 6 12 12 CD 35419 5557 7 . . . 35419 5558 1 Non non JJ 35419 5558 2 - - JJ 35419 5558 3 porous porous JJ 35419 5558 4 . . . 35419 5559 1 See see VB 35419 5559 2 Wood wood NN 35419 5559 3 , , , 35419 5559 4 non non JJ 35419 5559 5 - - JJ 35419 5559 6 porous porous JJ 35419 5559 7 . . . 35419 5560 1 North North NNP 35419 5560 2 Woods Woods NNP 35419 5560 3 , , , 35419 5560 4 197 197 CD 35419 5560 5 , , , 35419 5560 6 218 218 CD 35419 5560 7 . . . 35419 5561 1 Nurse Nurse NNP 35419 5561 2 , , , 35419 5561 3 218 218 CD 35419 5561 4 , , , 35419 5561 5 219 219 CD 35419 5561 6 . . . 35419 5562 1 _ _ NNP 35419 5562 2 Nyssa Nyssa NNP 35419 5562 3 sylvatica sylvatica NNP 35419 5562 4 _ _ NNP 35419 5562 5 , , , 35419 5562 6 180 180 CD 35419 5562 7 . . . 35419 5563 1 Oak Oak NNP 35419 5563 2 , , , 35419 5563 3 138 138 CD 35419 5563 4 - - SYM 35419 5563 5 151 151 CD 35419 5563 6 , , , 35419 5563 7 298 298 CD 35419 5563 8 . . . 35419 5564 1 Oak Oak NNP 35419 5564 2 , , , 35419 5564 3 Basket Basket NNP 35419 5564 4 , , , 35419 5564 5 142 142 CD 35419 5564 6 . . . 35419 5565 1 Oak Oak NNP 35419 5565 2 , , , 35419 5565 3 Black Black NNP 35419 5565 4 , , , 35419 5565 5 140 140 CD 35419 5565 6 . . . 35419 5566 1 Oak Oak NNP 35419 5566 2 , , , 35419 5566 3 Bur Bur NNP 35419 5566 4 , , , 35419 5566 5 144 144 CD 35419 5566 6 . . . 35419 5567 1 Oak Oak NNP 35419 5567 2 , , , 35419 5567 3 Cow Cow NNP 35419 5567 4 , , , 35419 5567 5 142 142 CD 35419 5567 6 . . . 35419 5568 1 Oak Oak NNP 35419 5568 2 , , , 35419 5568 3 Live live VB 35419 5568 4 , , , 35419 5568 5 201 201 CD 35419 5568 6 . . . 35419 5569 1 Oak Oak NNP 35419 5569 2 , , , 35419 5569 3 Mossy Mossy NNP 35419 5569 4 - - HYPH 35419 5569 5 cup cup NNP 35419 5569 6 , , , 35419 5569 7 144 144 CD 35419 5569 8 . . . 35419 5570 1 Oak Oak NNP 35419 5570 2 , , , 35419 5570 3 Over Over NNP 35419 5570 4 - - HYPH 35419 5570 5 cup cup NNP 35419 5570 6 , , , 35419 5570 7 144 144 CD 35419 5570 8 . . . 35419 5571 1 Oak Oak NNP 35419 5571 2 , , , 35419 5571 3 Post Post NNP 35419 5571 4 , , , 35419 5571 5 148 148 CD 35419 5571 6 . . . 35419 5572 1 Oak Oak NNP 35419 5572 2 , , , 35419 5572 3 Red Red NNP 35419 5572 4 , , , 35419 5572 5 138 138 CD 35419 5572 6 . . . 35419 5573 1 Oak Oak NNP 35419 5573 2 , , , 35419 5573 3 Stave Stave NNP 35419 5573 4 , , , 35419 5573 5 150 150 CD 35419 5573 6 . . . 35419 5574 1 Oak Oak NNP 35419 5574 2 , , , 35419 5574 3 White White NNP 35419 5574 4 , , , 35419 5574 5 150 150 CD 35419 5574 6 . . . 35419 5575 1 Oak Oak NNP 35419 5575 2 , , , 35419 5575 3 White White NNP 35419 5575 4 ( ( -LRB- 35419 5575 5 Western Western NNP 35419 5575 6 ) ) -RRB- 35419 5575 7 , , , 35419 5575 8 146 146 CD 35419 5575 9 . . . 35419 5576 1 Oak Oak NNP 35419 5576 2 , , , 35419 5576 3 Yellow yellow JJ 35419 5576 4 bark bark NN 35419 5576 5 , , , 35419 5576 6 140 140 CD 35419 5576 7 . . . 35419 5577 1 Odors odor NNS 35419 5577 2 of of IN 35419 5577 3 wood wood NN 35419 5577 4 , , , 35419 5577 5 18 18 CD 35419 5577 6 . . . 35419 5578 1 Osage Osage NNP 35419 5578 2 Orange Orange NNP 35419 5578 3 , , , 35419 5578 4 296 296 CD 35419 5578 5 . . . 35419 5579 1 Organism Organism NNP 35419 5579 2 , , , 35419 5579 3 Forest Forest NNP 35419 5579 4 , , , 35419 5579 5 211 211 CD 35419 5579 6 . . . 35419 5580 1 _ _ NNP 35419 5580 2 Padus Padus NNP 35419 5580 3 serotina serotina NNP 35419 5580 4 _ _ NNP 35419 5580 5 , , , 35419 5580 6 164 164 CD 35419 5580 7 . . . 35419 5581 1 Palm Palm NNP 35419 5581 2 , , , 35419 5581 3 9 9 CD 35419 5581 4 , , , 35419 5581 5 17 17 CD 35419 5581 6 . . . 35419 5582 1 Paper paper NN 35419 5582 2 pulp pulp NN 35419 5582 3 , , , 35419 5582 4 263 263 CD 35419 5582 5 . . . 35419 5583 1 Parasites parasite NNS 35419 5583 2 , , , 35419 5583 3 233 233 CD 35419 5583 4 . . . 35419 5584 1 Parenchyma Parenchyma NNP 35419 5584 2 , , , 35419 5584 3 23 23 CD 35419 5584 4 , , , 35419 5584 5 28 28 CD 35419 5584 6 . . . 35419 5585 1 Pecky pecky JJ 35419 5585 2 cypress cypress NN 35419 5585 3 , , , 35419 5585 4 234 234 CD 35419 5585 5 . . . 35419 5586 1 Peggy Peggy NNP 35419 5586 2 cypress cypress NN 35419 5586 3 , , , 35419 5586 4 234 234 CD 35419 5586 5 . . . 35419 5587 1 Pepperidge Pepperidge NNP 35419 5587 2 , , , 35419 5587 3 180 180 CD 35419 5587 4 . . . 35419 5588 1 Persimmon Persimmon NNP 35419 5588 2 , , , 35419 5588 3 298 298 CD 35419 5588 4 . . . 35419 5589 1 Phanerogamia Phanerogamia NNP 35419 5589 2 , , , 35419 5589 3 9 9 CD 35419 5589 4 . . . 35419 5590 1 Phloem Phloem NNP 35419 5590 2 , , , 35419 5590 3 13 13 CD 35419 5590 4 . . . 35419 5591 1 _ _ NNP 35419 5591 2 Picea Picea NNP 35419 5591 3 alba alba VBZ 35419 5591 4 _ _ NNP 35419 5591 5 , , , 35419 5591 6 80 80 CD 35419 5591 7 . . . 35419 5592 1 _ _ NNP 35419 5592 2 Picea Picea NNP 35419 5592 3 canadensis canadensis NN 35419 5592 4 _ _ NNP 35419 5592 5 , , , 35419 5592 6 80 80 CD 35419 5592 7 . . . 35419 5593 1 _ _ NNP 35419 5593 2 Picea Picea NNP 35419 5593 3 engelmanni engelmanni NNP 35419 5593 4 _ _ NNP 35419 5593 5 , , , 35419 5593 6 86 86 CD 35419 5593 7 . . . 35419 5594 1 _ _ NNP 35419 5594 2 Picea Picea NNP 35419 5594 3 mariana mariana NNP 35419 5594 4 _ _ NNP 35419 5594 5 , , , 35419 5594 6 84 84 CD 35419 5594 7 . . . 35419 5595 1 _ _ NNP 35419 5595 2 Picea Picea NNP 35419 5595 3 nigra nigra NN 35419 5595 4 _ _ NNP 35419 5595 5 , , , 35419 5595 6 84 84 CD 35419 5595 7 . . . 35419 5596 1 _ _ NNP 35419 5596 2 Picea Picea NNP 35419 5596 3 rubens ruben VBZ 35419 5596 4 _ _ NNP 35419 5596 5 , , , 35419 5596 6 82 82 CD 35419 5596 7 . . . 35419 5597 1 _ _ NNP 35419 5597 2 Picea Picea NNP 35419 5597 3 sitchensis sitchensis NN 35419 5597 4 _ _ NNP 35419 5597 5 , , , 35419 5597 6 88 88 CD 35419 5597 7 . . . 35419 5598 1 Pigeon Pigeon NNP 35419 5598 2 Horn Horn NNP 35419 5598 3 - - HYPH 35419 5598 4 tail tail NNP 35419 5598 5 , , , 35419 5598 6 247 247 CD 35419 5598 7 . . . 35419 5599 1 Pignut Pignut NNP 35419 5599 2 , , , 35419 5599 3 122 122 CD 35419 5599 4 . . . 35419 5600 1 Pines pine NNS 35419 5600 2 , , , 35419 5600 3 58 58 CD 35419 5600 4 - - SYM 35419 5600 5 75 75 CD 35419 5600 6 , , , 35419 5600 7 295 295 CD 35419 5600 8 . . . 35419 5601 1 Pine Pine NNP 35419 5601 2 , , , 35419 5601 3 Bull Bull NNP 35419 5601 4 , , , 35419 5601 5 66 66 CD 35419 5601 6 , , , 35419 5601 7 205 205 CD 35419 5601 8 , , , 35419 5601 9 282 282 CD 35419 5601 10 . . . 35419 5602 1 Pine pine JJ 35419 5602 2 , , , 35419 5602 3 Cuban Cuban NNP 35419 5602 4 , , , 35419 5602 5 74 74 CD 35419 5602 6 . . . 35419 5603 1 Pine Pine NNP 35419 5603 2 , , , 35419 5603 3 Georgia Georgia NNP 35419 5603 4 , , , 35419 5603 5 68 68 CD 35419 5603 6 . . . 35419 5604 1 Pine Pine NNP 35419 5604 2 , , , 35419 5604 3 Loblolly Loblolly NNP 35419 5604 4 , , , 35419 5604 5 72 72 CD 35419 5604 6 . . . 35419 5605 1 Pine pine JJ 35419 5605 2 , , , 35419 5605 3 Long long JJ 35419 5605 4 - - HYPH 35419 5605 5 leaf leaf NN 35419 5605 6 , , , 35419 5605 7 68 68 CD 35419 5605 8 , , , 35419 5605 9 200 200 CD 35419 5605 10 . . . 35419 5606 1 Pine Pine NNP 35419 5606 2 , , , 35419 5606 3 Norway Norway NNP 35419 5606 4 , , , 35419 5606 5 64 64 CD 35419 5606 6 . . . 35419 5607 1 Pine pine JJ 35419 5607 2 , , , 35419 5607 3 Old Old NNP 35419 5607 4 Field Field NNP 35419 5607 5 , , , 35419 5607 6 72 72 CD 35419 5607 7 . . . 35419 5608 1 Pine Pine NNP 35419 5608 2 , , , 35419 5608 3 Oregon Oregon NNP 35419 5608 4 , , , 35419 5608 5 94 94 CD 35419 5608 6 . . . 35419 5609 1 Pine Pine NNP 35419 5609 2 , , , 35419 5609 3 Red Red NNP 35419 5609 4 , , , 35419 5609 5 64 64 CD 35419 5609 6 . . . 35419 5610 1 Pine pine JJ 35419 5610 2 , , , 35419 5610 3 Short short JJ 35419 5610 4 - - HYPH 35419 5610 5 leaf leaf NN 35419 5610 6 , , , 35419 5610 7 70 70 CD 35419 5610 8 . . . 35419 5611 1 Pine pine VB 35419 5611 2 , , , 35419 5611 3 Slash Slash NNP 35419 5611 4 , , , 35419 5611 5 74 74 CD 35419 5611 6 . . . 35419 5612 1 Pine Pine NNP 35419 5612 2 , , , 35419 5612 3 Sugar Sugar NNP 35419 5612 4 , , , 35419 5612 5 62 62 CD 35419 5612 6 . . . 35419 5613 1 Pine pine JJ 35419 5613 2 , , , 35419 5613 3 Western Western NNP 35419 5613 4 White White NNP 35419 5613 5 , , , 35419 5613 6 60 60 CD 35419 5613 7 . . . 35419 5614 1 Pine pine JJ 35419 5614 2 , , , 35419 5614 3 Western Western NNP 35419 5614 4 Yellow Yellow NNP 35419 5614 5 , , , 35419 5614 6 66 66 CD 35419 5614 7 . . . 35419 5615 1 Pine Pine NNP 35419 5615 2 , , , 35419 5615 3 Weymouth Weymouth NNP 35419 5615 4 , , , 35419 5615 5 58 58 CD 35419 5615 6 . . . 35419 5616 1 Pine pine JJ 35419 5616 2 , , , 35419 5616 3 White White NNP 35419 5616 4 , , , 35419 5616 5 24 24 CD 35419 5616 6 , , , 35419 5616 7 58 58 CD 35419 5616 8 , , , 35419 5616 9 199 199 CD 35419 5616 10 . . . 35419 5617 1 Pine pine JJ 35419 5617 2 , , , 35419 5617 3 Yellow Yellow NNP 35419 5617 4 , , , 35419 5617 5 70 70 CD 35419 5617 6 . . . 35419 5618 1 Pine pine NN 35419 5618 2 sawyers sawyer NNS 35419 5618 3 , , , 35419 5618 4 244 244 CD 35419 5618 5 . . . 35419 5619 1 _ _ NNP 35419 5619 2 Pinus Pinus NNP 35419 5619 3 caribaea caribaea NNS 35419 5619 4 _ _ NNP 35419 5619 5 , , , 35419 5619 6 74 74 CD 35419 5619 7 . . . 35419 5620 1 _ _ NNP 35419 5620 2 Pinus Pinus NNP 35419 5620 3 echinata echinata NN 35419 5620 4 _ _ NNP 35419 5620 5 , , , 35419 5620 6 70 70 CD 35419 5620 7 . . . 35419 5621 1 _ _ NNP 35419 5621 2 Pinus Pinus NNP 35419 5621 3 heterophylla heterophylla NN 35419 5621 4 _ _ NNP 35419 5621 5 , , , 35419 5621 6 74 74 CD 35419 5621 7 . . . 35419 5622 1 _ _ NNP 35419 5622 2 Pinus Pinus NNP 35419 5622 3 lambertiana lambertiana NNP 35419 5622 4 _ _ NNP 35419 5622 5 , , , 35419 5622 6 62 62 CD 35419 5622 7 . . . 35419 5623 1 _ _ NNP 35419 5623 2 Pinus Pinus NNP 35419 5623 3 monticola monticola NNP 35419 5623 4 _ _ NNP 35419 5623 5 , , , 35419 5623 6 60 60 CD 35419 5623 7 . . . 35419 5624 1 _ _ NNP 35419 5624 2 Pinus Pinus NNP 35419 5624 3 palustris palustris NN 35419 5624 4 _ _ NNP 35419 5624 5 , , , 35419 5624 6 68 68 CD 35419 5624 7 . . . 35419 5625 1 _ _ NNP 35419 5625 2 Pinus Pinus NNP 35419 5625 3 ponderosa ponderosa NNS 35419 5625 4 _ _ NNP 35419 5625 5 , , , 35419 5625 6 66 66 CD 35419 5625 7 . . . 35419 5626 1 _ _ NNP 35419 5626 2 Pinus Pinus NNP 35419 5626 3 resinosa resinosa NNP 35419 5626 4 _ _ NNP 35419 5626 5 , , , 35419 5626 6 64 64 CD 35419 5626 7 . . . 35419 5627 1 _ _ NNP 35419 5627 2 Pinus Pinus NNP 35419 5627 3 strobus strobus NNP 35419 5627 4 _ _ NNP 35419 5627 5 , , , 35419 5627 6 58 58 CD 35419 5627 7 . . . 35419 5628 1 _ _ NNP 35419 5628 2 Pinus Pinus NNP 35419 5628 3 taeda taeda NN 35419 5628 4 _ _ NNP 35419 5628 5 , , , 35419 5628 6 72 72 CD 35419 5628 7 . . . 35419 5629 1 Pith Pith NNP 35419 5629 2 , , , 35419 5629 3 10 10 CD 35419 5629 4 , , , 35419 5629 5 13 13 CD 35419 5629 6 , , , 35419 5629 7 15 15 CD 35419 5629 8 , , , 35419 5629 9 16 16 CD 35419 5629 10 , , , 35419 5629 11 23 23 CD 35419 5629 12 , , , 35419 5629 13 32 32 CD 35419 5629 14 , , , 35419 5629 15 39 39 CD 35419 5629 16 . . . 35419 5630 1 Pith Pith NNP 35419 5630 2 ray ray NNP 35419 5630 3 . . . 35419 5631 1 See see VB 35419 5631 2 Ray Ray NNP 35419 5631 3 , , , 35419 5631 4 medullary medullary NN 35419 5631 5 . . . 35419 5632 1 Pits pit NNS 35419 5632 2 , , , 35419 5632 3 26 26 CD 35419 5632 4 , , , 35419 5632 5 292 292 CD 35419 5632 6 . . . 35419 5633 1 Planting planting NN 35419 5633 2 , , , 35419 5633 3 282 282 CD 35419 5633 4 - - SYM 35419 5633 5 284 284 CD 35419 5633 6 . . . 35419 5634 1 _ _ NNP 35419 5634 2 Platanus Platanus NNP 35419 5634 3 occidentalis occidentalis NN 35419 5634 4 _ _ NNP 35419 5634 5 , , , 35419 5634 6 162 162 CD 35419 5634 7 . . . 35419 5635 1 Poles Poles NNPS 35419 5635 2 , , , 35419 5635 3 225 225 CD 35419 5635 4 . . . 35419 5636 1 Polypores polypore NNS 35419 5636 2 , , , 35419 5636 3 234 234 CD 35419 5636 4 _ _ NNP 35419 5636 5 Polyporus Polyporus NNP 35419 5636 6 annosus annosus NN 35419 5636 7 _ _ NNP 35419 5636 8 , , , 35419 5636 9 237 237 CD 35419 5636 10 . . . 35419 5637 1 _ _ NNP 35419 5637 2 Polyporus Polyporus NNP 35419 5637 3 sulphureus sulphureu NNS 35419 5637 4 _ _ NNP 35419 5637 5 , , , 35419 5637 6 236 236 CD 35419 5637 7 . . . 35419 5638 1 Poplar poplar JJ 35419 5638 2 , , , 35419 5638 3 yellow yellow JJ 35419 5638 4 , , , 35419 5638 5 158 158 CD 35419 5638 6 , , , 35419 5638 7 221 221 CD 35419 5638 8 , , , 35419 5638 9 245 245 CD 35419 5638 10 , , , 35419 5638 11 246 246 CD 35419 5638 12 , , , 35419 5638 13 301 301 CD 35419 5638 14 . . . 35419 5639 1 Pores pore NNS 35419 5639 2 , , , 35419 5639 3 23 23 CD 35419 5639 4 , , , 35419 5639 5 28 28 CD 35419 5639 6 , , , 35419 5639 7 29 29 CD 35419 5639 8 , , , 35419 5639 9 291 291 CD 35419 5639 10 . . . 35419 5640 1 Powder Powder NNP 35419 5640 2 - - HYPH 35419 5640 3 post post NN 35419 5640 4 beetles beetle NNS 35419 5640 5 , , , 35419 5640 6 244 244 CD 35419 5640 7 . . . 35419 5641 1 Preservation preservation NN 35419 5641 2 of of IN 35419 5641 3 forests forest NNS 35419 5641 4 , , , 35419 5641 5 277 277 CD 35419 5641 6 - - SYM 35419 5641 7 284 284 CD 35419 5641 8 . . . 35419 5642 1 Prices price NNS 35419 5642 2 of of IN 35419 5642 3 lumber lumber NN 35419 5642 4 , , , 35419 5642 5 267 267 CD 35419 5642 6 , , , 35419 5642 7 268 268 CD 35419 5642 8 . . . 35419 5643 1 Primary primary JJ 35419 5643 2 growth growth NN 35419 5643 3 , , , 35419 5643 4 17 17 CD 35419 5643 5 , , , 35419 5643 6 22 22 CD 35419 5643 7 . . . 35419 5644 1 Procambium procambium NN 35419 5644 2 strands strand NNS 35419 5644 3 , , , 35419 5644 4 16 16 CD 35419 5644 5 . . . 35419 5645 1 Protection protection NN 35419 5645 2 against against IN 35419 5645 3 fungi fungi NNP 35419 5645 4 , , , 35419 5645 5 239 239 CD 35419 5645 6 . . . 35419 5646 1 Protection protection NN 35419 5646 2 against against IN 35419 5646 3 insects insect NNS 35419 5646 4 , , , 35419 5646 5 247 247 CD 35419 5646 6 . . . 35419 5647 1 Properties property NNS 35419 5647 2 of of IN 35419 5647 3 wood wood NN 35419 5647 4 , , , 35419 5647 5 Chap Chap NNP 35419 5647 6 II II NNP 35419 5647 7 . . NNP 35419 5647 8 , , , 35419 5647 9 p. p. NN 35419 5647 10 41 41 CD 35419 5647 11 . . . 35419 5648 1 Protoplasm protoplasm NN 35419 5648 2 , , , 35419 5648 3 14 14 CD 35419 5648 4 , , , 35419 5648 5 16 16 CD 35419 5648 6 , , , 35419 5648 7 23 23 CD 35419 5648 8 , , , 35419 5648 9 41 41 CD 35419 5648 10 . . . 35419 5649 1 Pruning prune VBG 35419 5649 2 of of IN 35419 5649 3 branches branch NNS 35419 5649 4 , , , 35419 5649 5 286 286 CD 35419 5649 6 . . . 35419 5650 1 _ _ NNP 35419 5650 2 Prunus Prunus NNP 35419 5650 3 serotina serotina NNP 35419 5650 4 _ _ NNP 35419 5650 5 , , , 35419 5650 6 164 164 CD 35419 5650 7 . . . 35419 5651 1 _ _ NNP 35419 5651 2 Pseudotsuga Pseudotsuga NNP 35419 5651 3 mucronata mucronata NNP 35419 5651 4 _ _ NNP 35419 5651 5 , , , 35419 5651 6 94 94 CD 35419 5651 7 . . . 35419 5652 1 _ _ NNP 35419 5652 2 Pseudotsuga Pseudotsuga NNP 35419 5652 3 taxifolia taxifolia NN 35419 5652 4 _ _ NNP 35419 5652 5 , , , 35419 5652 6 94 94 CD 35419 5652 7 . . . 35419 5653 1 Quartering quarter VBG 35419 5653 2 a a DT 35419 5653 3 log log NN 35419 5653 4 , , , 35419 5653 5 45 45 CD 35419 5653 6 . . . 35419 5654 1 Quartered quarter VBN 35419 5654 2 oak oak NN 35419 5654 3 , , , 35419 5654 4 22 22 CD 35419 5654 5 . . . 35419 5655 1 _ _ NNP 35419 5655 2 Quercus Quercus NNP 35419 5655 3 alba alba VBZ 35419 5655 4 _ _ NNP 35419 5655 5 , , , 35419 5655 6 150 150 CD 35419 5655 7 . . . 35419 5656 1 _ _ NNP 35419 5656 2 Quercus Quercus NNP 35419 5656 3 garryana garryana NNP 35419 5656 4 _ _ NNP 35419 5656 5 , , , 35419 5656 6 146 146 CD 35419 5656 7 . . . 35419 5657 1 _ _ NNP 35419 5657 2 Quercus Quercus NNP 35419 5657 3 macrocarpa macrocarpa NNP 35419 5657 4 _ _ NNP 35419 5657 5 , , , 35419 5657 6 144 144 CD 35419 5657 7 . . . 35419 5658 1 _ _ NNP 35419 5658 2 Quercus Quercus NNP 35419 5658 3 michauxii michauxii NN 35419 5658 4 _ _ NNP 35419 5658 5 , , , 35419 5658 6 142 142 CD 35419 5658 7 . . . 35419 5659 1 _ _ NNP 35419 5659 2 Quercus Quercus NNP 35419 5659 3 minor minor JJ 35419 5659 4 _ _ NNP 35419 5659 5 , , , 35419 5659 6 148 148 CD 35419 5659 7 . . . 35419 5660 1 _ _ NNP 35419 5660 2 Quercus Quercus NNP 35419 5660 3 obtusiloba obtusiloba IN 35419 5660 4 _ _ NNP 35419 5660 5 , , , 35419 5660 6 148 148 CD 35419 5660 7 . . . 35419 5661 1 _ _ NNP 35419 5661 2 Quercus Quercus NNP 35419 5661 3 rubra rubra NNP 35419 5661 4 _ _ NNP 35419 5661 5 , , , 35419 5661 6 138 138 CD 35419 5661 7 . . . 35419 5662 1 _ _ NNP 35419 5662 2 Quercus Quercus NNP 35419 5662 3 stellata stellata NN 35419 5662 4 _ _ NNP 35419 5662 5 , , , 35419 5662 6 148 148 CD 35419 5662 7 . . . 35419 5663 1 _ _ NNP 35419 5663 2 Quercus Quercus NNP 35419 5663 3 tinctoria tinctoria VBZ 35419 5663 4 _ _ NNP 35419 5663 5 , , , 35419 5663 6 140 140 CD 35419 5663 7 . . . 35419 5664 1 _ _ NNP 35419 5664 2 Quercus Quercus NNP 35419 5664 3 velutina velutina NN 35419 5664 4 _ _ NNP 35419 5664 5 , , , 35419 5664 6 140 140 CD 35419 5664 7 . . . 35419 5665 1 Rainfall rainfall NN 35419 5665 2 , , , 35419 5665 3 effect effect NN 35419 5665 4 on on IN 35419 5665 5 forest forest NN 35419 5665 6 , , , 35419 5665 7 205 205 CD 35419 5665 8 , , , 35419 5665 9 213 213 CD 35419 5665 10 . . . 35419 5666 1 Rays ray NNS 35419 5666 2 , , , 35419 5666 3 medullary medullary NN 35419 5666 4 , , , 35419 5666 5 15 15 CD 35419 5666 6 , , , 35419 5666 7 16 16 CD 35419 5666 8 , , , 35419 5666 9 17 17 CD 35419 5666 10 , , , 35419 5666 11 21 21 CD 35419 5666 12 , , , 35419 5666 13 22 22 CD 35419 5666 14 , , , 35419 5666 15 23 23 CD 35419 5666 16 , , , 35419 5666 17 26 26 CD 35419 5666 18 , , , 35419 5666 19 30 30 CD 35419 5666 20 , , , 35419 5666 21 31 31 CD 35419 5666 22 , , , 35419 5666 23 37 37 CD 35419 5666 24 , , , 35419 5666 25 44 44 CD 35419 5666 26 , , , 35419 5666 27 53 53 CD 35419 5666 28 , , , 35419 5666 29 291 291 CD 35419 5666 30 . . . 35419 5667 1 Red red JJ 35419 5667 2 rot rot NN 35419 5667 3 , , , 35419 5667 4 234 234 CD 35419 5667 5 . . . 35419 5668 1 Redwood Redwood NNP 35419 5668 2 , , , 35419 5668 3 100 100 CD 35419 5668 4 , , , 35419 5668 5 207 207 CD 35419 5668 6 , , , 35419 5668 7 208 208 CD 35419 5668 8 , , , 35419 5668 9 222 222 CD 35419 5668 10 , , , 35419 5668 11 295 295 CD 35419 5668 12 . . . 35419 5669 1 Regularity regularity NN 35419 5669 2 of of IN 35419 5669 3 cells cell NNS 35419 5669 4 , , , 35419 5669 5 24 24 CD 35419 5669 6 . . . 35419 5670 1 Reproduction reproduction NN 35419 5670 2 , , , 35419 5670 3 220 220 CD 35419 5670 4 . . . 35419 5671 1 Reserve reserve NN 35419 5671 2 sprout sprout NN 35419 5671 3 method method NN 35419 5671 4 , , , 35419 5671 5 279 279 CD 35419 5671 6 . . . 35419 5672 1 Resin resin NN 35419 5672 2 ducts duct NNS 35419 5672 3 , , , 35419 5672 4 26 26 CD 35419 5672 5 , , , 35419 5672 6 291 291 CD 35419 5672 7 . . . 35419 5673 1 Rhizomorphs Rhizomorphs NNP 35419 5673 2 , , , 35419 5673 3 236 236 CD 35419 5673 4 . . . 35419 5674 1 Rind Rind NNP 35419 5674 2 , , , 35419 5674 3 13 13 CD 35419 5674 4 . . . 35419 5675 1 Ring re VBG 35419 5675 2 - - HYPH 35419 5675 3 porous porous JJ 35419 5675 4 . . . 35419 5676 1 See see VB 35419 5676 2 Wood wood NN 35419 5676 3 , , , 35419 5676 4 ring ring NN 35419 5676 5 - - HYPH 35419 5676 6 porous porous JJ 35419 5676 7 . . . 35419 5677 1 Rings ring NNS 35419 5677 2 , , , 35419 5677 3 Annual Annual NNP 35419 5677 4 , , , 35419 5677 5 9 9 CD 35419 5677 6 , , , 35419 5677 7 18 18 CD 35419 5677 8 , , , 35419 5677 9 19 19 CD 35419 5677 10 , , , 35419 5677 11 21 21 CD 35419 5677 12 , , , 35419 5677 13 23 23 CD 35419 5677 14 , , , 35419 5677 15 44 44 CD 35419 5677 16 , , , 35419 5677 17 226 226 CD 35419 5677 18 , , , 35419 5677 19 290 290 CD 35419 5677 20 . . . 35419 5678 1 Rings ring NNS 35419 5678 2 , , , 35419 5678 3 False False NNP 35419 5678 4 , , , 35419 5678 5 19 19 CD 35419 5678 6 , , , 35419 5678 7 231 231 CD 35419 5678 8 . . . 35419 5679 1 _ _ NNP 35419 5679 2 Robinia Robinia NNP 35419 5679 3 pseudacacia pseudacacia NN 35419 5679 4 _ _ NNP 35419 5679 5 , , , 35419 5679 6 166 166 CD 35419 5679 7 . . . 35419 5680 1 Rodents rodent NNS 35419 5680 2 , , , 35419 5680 3 239 239 CD 35419 5680 4 . . . 35419 5681 1 Roots root NNS 35419 5681 2 , , , 35419 5681 3 211 211 CD 35419 5681 4 , , , 35419 5681 5 224 224 CD 35419 5681 6 . . . 35419 5682 1 Rotation rotation NN 35419 5682 2 period period NN 35419 5682 3 , , , 35419 5682 4 279 279 CD 35419 5682 5 . . . 35419 5683 1 Rotting rot VBG 35419 5683 2 , , , 35419 5683 3 234 234 CD 35419 5683 4 . . . 35419 5684 1 _ _ NNP 35419 5684 2 Salix Salix NNP 35419 5684 3 nigra nigra RB 35419 5684 4 _ _ NNP 35419 5684 5 , , , 35419 5684 6 112 112 CD 35419 5684 7 . . . 35419 5685 1 Sand sand NN 35419 5685 2 dunes dune NNS 35419 5685 3 , , , 35419 5685 4 230 230 CD 35419 5685 5 , , , 35419 5685 6 231 231 CD 35419 5685 7 . . . 35419 5686 1 Saplings sapling NNS 35419 5686 2 , , , 35419 5686 3 225 225 CD 35419 5686 4 , , , 35419 5686 5 226 226 CD 35419 5686 6 . . . 35419 5687 1 Saprophytes saprophyte NNS 35419 5687 2 , , , 35419 5687 3 233 233 CD 35419 5687 4 . . . 35419 5688 1 Sap sap NN 35419 5688 2 - - HYPH 35419 5688 3 wood wood NN 35419 5688 4 , , , 35419 5688 5 13 13 CD 35419 5688 6 , , , 35419 5688 7 17 17 CD 35419 5688 8 , , , 35419 5688 9 18 18 CD 35419 5688 10 , , , 35419 5688 11 41 41 CD 35419 5688 12 , , , 35419 5688 13 42 42 CD 35419 5688 14 , , , 35419 5688 15 290 290 CD 35419 5688 16 . . . 35419 5689 1 Sassafras Sassafras NNP 35419 5689 2 , , , 35419 5689 3 296 296 CD 35419 5689 4 . . . 35419 5690 1 Sawyers Sawyers NNP 35419 5690 2 , , , 35419 5690 3 Pine Pine NNP 35419 5690 4 , , , 35419 5690 5 244 244 CD 35419 5690 6 . . . 35419 5691 1 Secondary secondary JJ 35419 5691 2 growth growth NN 35419 5691 3 , , , 35419 5691 4 17 17 CD 35419 5691 5 . . . 35419 5692 1 Section section NN 35419 5692 2 , , , 35419 5692 3 cross cross NN 35419 5692 4 , , , 35419 5692 5 21 21 CD 35419 5692 6 , , , 35419 5692 7 22 22 CD 35419 5692 8 , , , 35419 5692 9 29 29 CD 35419 5692 10 . . . 35419 5693 1 See see VB 35419 5693 2 also also RB 35419 5693 3 Section section NN 35419 5693 4 , , , 35419 5693 5 transverse transverse JJ 35419 5693 6 . . . 35419 5694 1 Section section NN 35419 5694 2 , , , 35419 5694 3 radial radial JJ 35419 5694 4 , , , 35419 5694 5 19 19 CD 35419 5694 6 , , , 35419 5694 7 22 22 CD 35419 5694 8 , , , 35419 5694 9 26 26 CD 35419 5694 10 , , , 35419 5694 11 30 30 CD 35419 5694 12 , , , 35419 5694 13 31 31 CD 35419 5694 14 . . . 35419 5695 1 Section section NN 35419 5695 2 , , , 35419 5695 3 tangential tangential NN 35419 5695 4 , , , 35419 5695 5 19 19 CD 35419 5695 6 , , , 35419 5695 7 22 22 CD 35419 5695 8 , , , 35419 5695 9 26 26 CD 35419 5695 10 , , , 35419 5695 11 30 30 CD 35419 5695 12 , , , 35419 5695 13 31 31 CD 35419 5695 14 . . . 35419 5696 1 Section section NN 35419 5696 2 , , , 35419 5696 3 transverse transverse JJ 35419 5696 4 , , , 35419 5696 5 19 19 CD 35419 5696 6 , , , 35419 5696 7 24 24 CD 35419 5696 8 , , , 35419 5696 9 29 29 CD 35419 5696 10 , , , 35419 5696 11 30 30 CD 35419 5696 12 . . . 35419 5697 1 Seasoning seasoning NN 35419 5697 2 , , , 35419 5697 3 42 42 CD 35419 5697 4 . . . 35419 5698 1 Sections section NNS 35419 5698 2 , , , 35419 5698 3 transverse transverse JJ 35419 5698 4 , , , 35419 5698 5 radial radial JJ 35419 5698 6 and and CC 35419 5698 7 tangential tangential JJ 35419 5698 8 , , , 35419 5698 9 12 12 CD 35419 5698 10 . . . 35419 5699 1 Seed seed NN 35419 5699 2 forests forest NNS 35419 5699 3 , , , 35419 5699 4 279 279 CD 35419 5699 5 - - SYM 35419 5699 6 282 282 CD 35419 5699 7 . . . 35419 5700 1 Seeding seed VBG 35419 5700 2 from from IN 35419 5700 3 the the DT 35419 5700 4 side side NN 35419 5700 5 , , , 35419 5700 6 279 279 CD 35419 5700 7 . . . 35419 5701 1 Seedlings seedling NNS 35419 5701 2 , , , 35419 5701 3 225 225 CD 35419 5701 4 , , , 35419 5701 5 226 226 CD 35419 5701 6 . . . 35419 5702 1 Seeds seed NNS 35419 5702 2 , , , 35419 5702 3 220 220 CD 35419 5702 4 - - SYM 35419 5702 5 223 223 CD 35419 5702 6 , , , 35419 5702 7 226 226 CD 35419 5702 8 . . . 35419 5703 1 Sequoia Sequoia NNP 35419 5703 2 , , , 35419 5703 3 98 98 CD 35419 5703 4 . . . 35419 5704 1 Sequoia Sequoia NNP 35419 5704 2 , , , 35419 5704 3 100 100 CD 35419 5704 4 . . . 35419 5705 1 Sequoia sequoia NN 35419 5705 2 , , , 35419 5705 3 Giant Giant NNP 35419 5705 4 , , , 35419 5705 5 98 98 CD 35419 5705 6 . . . 35419 5706 1 _ _ NNP 35419 5706 2 Sequoia Sequoia NNP 35419 5706 3 gigantea gigantea NN 35419 5706 4 _ _ NNP 35419 5706 5 , , , 35419 5706 6 98 98 CD 35419 5706 7 . . . 35419 5707 1 _ _ NNP 35419 5707 2 Sequoia Sequoia NNP 35419 5707 3 sempervirens semperviren VBZ 35419 5707 4 _ _ NNP 35419 5707 5 , , , 35419 5707 6 100 100 CD 35419 5707 7 . . . 35419 5708 1 _ _ NNP 35419 5708 2 Sequoia Sequoia NNP 35419 5708 3 washingtoniana washingtoniana NN 35419 5708 4 _ _ NNP 35419 5708 5 , , , 35419 5708 6 98 98 CD 35419 5708 7 . . . 35419 5709 1 Settler Settler NNP 35419 5709 2 , , , 35419 5709 3 258 258 CD 35419 5709 4 . . . 35419 5710 1 Shake shake VB 35419 5710 2 , , , 35419 5710 3 47 47 CD 35419 5710 4 , , , 35419 5710 5 232 232 CD 35419 5710 6 , , , 35419 5710 7 233 233 CD 35419 5710 8 . . . 35419 5711 1 Shearing shear VBG 35419 5711 2 strength strength NN 35419 5711 3 , , , 35419 5711 4 52 52 CD 35419 5711 5 . . . 35419 5712 1 Sheep Sheep NNP 35419 5712 2 , , , 35419 5712 3 240 240 CD 35419 5712 4 . . . 35419 5713 1 Shelf shelf NN 35419 5713 2 fungus fungus NN 35419 5713 3 , , , 35419 5713 4 234 234 CD 35419 5713 5 , , , 35419 5713 6 236 236 CD 35419 5713 7 . . . 35419 5714 1 Short short JJ 35419 5714 2 - - HYPH 35419 5714 3 bodied bodied JJ 35419 5714 4 trunk trunk NN 35419 5714 5 , , , 35419 5714 6 225 225 CD 35419 5714 7 , , , 35419 5714 8 226 226 CD 35419 5714 9 . . . 35419 5715 1 Shrinkage shrinkage NN 35419 5715 2 of of IN 35419 5715 3 wood wood NN 35419 5715 4 , , , 35419 5715 5 41 41 CD 35419 5715 6 , , , 35419 5715 7 42 42 CD 35419 5715 8 - - SYM 35419 5715 9 47 47 CD 35419 5715 10 . . . 35419 5716 1 Silver silver NN 35419 5716 2 flakes flake NNS 35419 5716 3 , , , 35419 5716 4 22 22 CD 35419 5716 5 . . . 35419 5717 1 See See NNP 35419 5717 2 Rays Rays NNP 35419 5717 3 , , , 35419 5717 4 Medullary Medullary NNP 35419 5717 5 . . . 35419 5718 1 Silvical silvical JJ 35419 5718 2 characteristics characteristic NNS 35419 5718 3 , , , 35419 5718 4 211 211 CD 35419 5718 5 . . . 35419 5719 1 Silvicultural silvicultural CD 35419 5719 2 systems system NNS 35419 5719 3 , , , 35419 5719 4 278 278 CD 35419 5719 5 - - SYM 35419 5719 6 284 284 CD 35419 5719 7 . . . 35419 5720 1 Slash Slash NNP 35419 5720 2 , , , 35419 5720 3 229 229 CD 35419 5720 4 , , , 35419 5720 5 251 251 CD 35419 5720 6 , , , 35419 5720 7 257 257 CD 35419 5720 8 . . . 35419 5721 1 Slash slash NN 35419 5721 2 - - HYPH 35419 5721 3 grain grain NN 35419 5721 4 , , , 35419 5721 5 54 54 CD 35419 5721 6 . . . 35419 5722 1 Snow snow NN 35419 5722 2 , , , 35419 5722 3 232 232 CD 35419 5722 4 . . . 35419 5723 1 Slash slash NN 35419 5723 2 - - HYPH 35419 5723 3 sawing sawing NN 35419 5723 4 , , , 35419 5723 5 45 45 CD 35419 5723 6 , , , 35419 5723 7 47 47 CD 35419 5723 8 . . . 35419 5724 1 Softwoods Softwoods NNP 35419 5724 2 , , , 35419 5724 3 12 12 CD 35419 5724 4 . . . 35419 5725 1 Soil Soil NNP 35419 5725 2 , , , 35419 5725 3 211 211 CD 35419 5725 4 , , , 35419 5725 5 213 213 CD 35419 5725 6 . . . 35419 5726 1 Specific specific JJ 35419 5726 2 gravity gravity NN 35419 5726 3 . . . 35419 5727 1 See see VB 35419 5727 2 Weight Weight NNP 35419 5727 3 . . . 35419 5728 1 Splint splint NN 35419 5728 2 - - HYPH 35419 5728 3 wood wood NN 35419 5728 4 , , , 35419 5728 5 17 17 CD 35419 5728 6 . . . 35419 5729 1 Splitting splitting NN 35419 5729 2 . . . 35419 5730 1 See see VB 35419 5730 2 Cleavability cleavability NN 35419 5730 3 . . . 35419 5731 1 Spores spore NNS 35419 5731 2 , , , 35419 5731 3 234 234 CD 35419 5731 4 . . . 35419 5732 1 Spring spring NN 35419 5732 2 - - HYPH 35419 5732 3 wood wood NN 35419 5732 4 , , , 35419 5732 5 20 20 CD 35419 5732 6 , , , 35419 5732 7 21 21 CD 35419 5732 8 , , , 35419 5732 9 24 24 CD 35419 5732 10 , , , 35419 5732 11 30 30 CD 35419 5732 12 , , , 35419 5732 13 32 32 CD 35419 5732 14 , , , 35419 5732 15 44 44 CD 35419 5732 16 , , , 35419 5732 17 53 53 CD 35419 5732 18 , , , 35419 5732 19 54 54 CD 35419 5732 20 , , , 35419 5732 21 291 291 CD 35419 5732 22 . . . 35419 5733 1 Sprouts sprout NNS 35419 5733 2 , , , 35419 5733 3 220 220 CD 35419 5733 4 , , , 35419 5733 5 222 222 CD 35419 5733 6 . . . 35419 5734 1 Spruce spruce VB 35419 5734 2 , , , 35419 5734 3 80 80 CD 35419 5734 4 - - SYM 35419 5734 5 89 89 CD 35419 5734 6 , , , 35419 5734 7 295 295 CD 35419 5734 8 . . . 35419 5735 1 Spruce spruce VB 35419 5735 2 , , , 35419 5735 3 Black Black NNP 35419 5735 4 , , , 35419 5735 5 84 84 CD 35419 5735 6 . . . 35419 5736 1 Spruce spruce VB 35419 5736 2 , , , 35419 5736 3 Douglas Douglas NNP 35419 5736 4 , , , 35419 5736 5 94 94 CD 35419 5736 6 , , , 35419 5736 7 296 296 CD 35419 5736 8 . . . 35419 5737 1 Spruce spruce VB 35419 5737 2 , , , 35419 5737 3 Engelmann Engelmann NNP 35419 5737 4 's 's POS 35419 5737 5 , , , 35419 5737 6 86 86 CD 35419 5737 7 . . . 35419 5738 1 Spruce spruce VB 35419 5738 2 , , , 35419 5738 3 Red Red NNP 35419 5738 4 , , , 35419 5738 5 82 82 CD 35419 5738 6 , , , 35419 5738 7 213 213 CD 35419 5738 8 . . . 35419 5739 1 Spruce Spruce NNP 35419 5739 2 , , , 35419 5739 3 Sitka Sitka NNP 35419 5739 4 , , , 35419 5739 5 88 88 CD 35419 5739 6 . . . 35419 5740 1 Spruce spruce VB 35419 5740 2 , , , 35419 5740 3 Tideland Tideland NNP 35419 5740 4 , , , 35419 5740 5 88 88 CD 35419 5740 6 . . . 35419 5741 1 Spruce spruce VB 35419 5741 2 , , , 35419 5741 3 Western Western NNP 35419 5741 4 White White NNP 35419 5741 5 , , , 35419 5741 6 86 86 CD 35419 5741 7 . . . 35419 5742 1 Spruce spruce VB 35419 5742 2 , , , 35419 5742 3 White White NNP 35419 5742 4 , , , 35419 5742 5 80 80 CD 35419 5742 6 . . . 35419 5743 1 Stand stand VB 35419 5743 2 , , , 35419 5743 3 mixed mixed JJ 35419 5743 4 , , , 35419 5743 5 213 213 CD 35419 5743 6 , , , 35419 5743 7 223 223 CD 35419 5743 8 . . . 35419 5744 1 Stand stand VB 35419 5744 2 , , , 35419 5744 3 pure pure JJ 35419 5744 4 , , , 35419 5744 5 213 213 CD 35419 5744 6 , , , 35419 5744 7 223 223 CD 35419 5744 8 . . . 35419 5745 1 Standards standard NNS 35419 5745 2 , , , 35419 5745 3 225 225 CD 35419 5745 4 , , , 35419 5745 5 226 226 CD 35419 5745 6 . . . 35419 5746 1 Steamboats steamboat NNS 35419 5746 2 , , , 35419 5746 3 246 246 CD 35419 5746 4 . . . 35419 5747 1 Stem Stem NNP 35419 5747 2 , , , 35419 5747 3 diagram diagram NN 35419 5747 4 of of IN 35419 5747 5 cross cross NN 35419 5747 6 section section NN 35419 5747 7 , , , 35419 5747 8 Fig Fig NNP 35419 5747 9 . . . 35419 5748 1 4 4 CD 35419 5748 2 , , , 35419 5748 3 p. p. NN 35419 5748 4 13 13 CD 35419 5748 5 , , , 35419 5748 6 fig fig NN 35419 5748 7 . . . 35419 5749 1 5 5 CD 35419 5749 2 , , , 35419 5749 3 p. p. NN 35419 5749 4 15 15 CD 35419 5749 5 , , , 35419 5749 6 211 211 CD 35419 5749 7 . . . 35419 5750 1 Strength strength NN 35419 5750 2 of of IN 35419 5750 3 wood wood NN 35419 5750 4 , , , 35419 5750 5 41 41 CD 35419 5750 6 , , , 35419 5750 7 51 51 CD 35419 5750 8 - - SYM 35419 5750 9 53 53 CD 35419 5750 10 . . . 35419 5751 1 Strip Strip NNP 35419 5751 2 system system NN 35419 5751 3 , , , 35419 5751 4 279 279 CD 35419 5751 5 . . . 35419 5752 1 Structure structure NN 35419 5752 2 of of IN 35419 5752 3 wood wood NN 35419 5752 4 , , , 35419 5752 5 9 9 CD 35419 5752 6 - - SYM 35419 5752 7 40 40 CD 35419 5752 8 , , , 35419 5752 9 29 29 CD 35419 5752 10 , , , 35419 5752 11 30 30 CD 35419 5752 12 , , , 35419 5752 13 32 32 CD 35419 5752 14 . . . 35419 5753 1 Struggle struggle NN 35419 5753 2 for for IN 35419 5753 3 existence existence NN 35419 5753 4 , , , 35419 5753 5 224 224 CD 35419 5753 6 , , , 35419 5753 7 226 226 CD 35419 5753 8 , , , 35419 5753 9 227 227 CD 35419 5753 10 . . . 35419 5754 1 Summer summer NN 35419 5754 2 - - HYPH 35419 5754 3 wood wood NN 35419 5754 4 , , , 35419 5754 5 20 20 CD 35419 5754 6 , , , 35419 5754 7 21 21 CD 35419 5754 8 , , , 35419 5754 9 24 24 CD 35419 5754 10 , , , 35419 5754 11 30 30 CD 35419 5754 12 , , , 35419 5754 13 32 32 CD 35419 5754 14 , , , 35419 5754 15 44 44 CD 35419 5754 16 , , , 35419 5754 17 53 53 CD 35419 5754 18 , , , 35419 5754 19 54 54 CD 35419 5754 20 , , , 35419 5754 21 291 291 CD 35419 5754 22 . . . 35419 5755 1 _ _ NNP 35419 5755 2 Swietenia Swietenia NNP 35419 5755 3 mahagoni mahagoni RB 35419 5755 4 _ _ NNP 35419 5755 5 , , , 35419 5755 6 168 168 CD 35419 5755 7 . . . 35419 5756 1 Sycamore sycamore RB 35419 5756 2 , , , 35419 5756 3 22 22 CD 35419 5756 4 , , , 35419 5756 5 162 162 CD 35419 5756 6 , , , 35419 5756 7 300 300 CD 35419 5756 8 . . . 35419 5757 1 Tamarack Tamarack NNP 35419 5757 2 , , , 35419 5757 3 76 76 CD 35419 5757 4 , , , 35419 5757 5 296 296 CD 35419 5757 6 . . . 35419 5758 1 Tamarack tamarack JJ 35419 5758 2 , , , 35419 5758 3 Western western JJ 35419 5758 4 , , , 35419 5758 5 78 78 CD 35419 5758 6 . . . 35419 5759 1 Taxes taxis NNS 35419 5759 2 on on IN 35419 5759 3 forests forest NNS 35419 5759 4 , , , 35419 5759 5 261 261 CD 35419 5759 6 . . . 35419 5760 1 _ _ NNP 35419 5760 2 Taxodium Taxodium NNP 35419 5760 3 distichum distichum NN 35419 5760 4 _ _ NNP 35419 5760 5 , , , 35419 5760 6 102 102 CD 35419 5760 7 . . . 35419 5761 1 Tear tear JJ 35419 5761 2 fungus fungus NN 35419 5761 3 , , , 35419 5761 4 234 234 CD 35419 5761 5 , , , 35419 5761 6 238 238 CD 35419 5761 7 . . . 35419 5762 1 Temperature temperature NN 35419 5762 2 , , , 35419 5762 3 214 214 CD 35419 5762 4 . . . 35419 5763 1 Tension tension NN 35419 5763 2 , , , 35419 5763 3 51 51 CD 35419 5763 4 , , , 35419 5763 5 52 52 CD 35419 5763 6 . . . 35419 5764 1 Texture texture NN 35419 5764 2 of of IN 35419 5764 3 wood wood NN 35419 5764 4 , , , 35419 5764 5 32 32 CD 35419 5764 6 . . . 35419 5765 1 _ _ NNP 35419 5765 2 Thuja Thuja NNP 35419 5765 3 gigantea gigantea NN 35419 5765 4 _ _ NNP 35419 5765 5 , , , 35419 5765 6 104 104 CD 35419 5765 7 . . . 35419 5766 1 _ _ NNP 35419 5766 2 Thuja Thuja NNP 35419 5766 3 plicata plicata NN 35419 5766 4 _ _ NNP 35419 5766 5 , , , 35419 5766 6 104 104 CD 35419 5766 7 . . . 35419 5767 1 _ _ NNP 35419 5767 2 Tilia Tilia NNP 35419 5767 3 americana americana VBZ 35419 5767 4 _ _ NNP 35419 5767 5 , , , 35419 5767 6 178 178 CD 35419 5767 7 . . . 35419 5768 1 Timber timber NN 35419 5768 2 beetles beetle NNS 35419 5768 3 , , , 35419 5768 4 242 242 CD 35419 5768 5 , , , 35419 5768 6 245 245 CD 35419 5768 7 . . . 35419 5769 1 Timber timber NN 35419 5769 2 supply supply NN 35419 5769 3 of of IN 35419 5769 4 U. U. NNP 35419 5769 5 S. S. NNP 35419 5769 6 , , , 35419 5769 7 264 264 CD 35419 5769 8 - - SYM 35419 5769 9 269 269 CD 35419 5769 10 . . . 35419 5770 1 Timber timber NN 35419 5770 2 trees tree NNS 35419 5770 3 , , , 35419 5770 4 10 10 CD 35419 5770 5 . . . 35419 5771 1 Timber timber NN 35419 5771 2 worms worm NNS 35419 5771 3 , , , 35419 5771 4 244 244 CD 35419 5771 5 . . . 35419 5772 1 Tissue tissue NN 35419 5772 2 , , , 35419 5772 3 16 16 CD 35419 5772 4 . . . 35419 5773 1 Toadstools Toadstools NNP 35419 5773 2 , , , 35419 5773 3 234 234 CD 35419 5773 4 . . . 35419 5774 1 Tolerance tolerance NN 35419 5774 2 , , , 35419 5774 3 216 216 CD 35419 5774 4 , , , 35419 5774 5 219 219 CD 35419 5774 6 . . . 35419 5775 1 Toughness toughness NN 35419 5775 2 of of IN 35419 5775 3 wood wood NN 35419 5775 4 , , , 35419 5775 5 41 41 CD 35419 5775 6 , , , 35419 5775 7 54 54 CD 35419 5775 8 . . . 35419 5776 1 Tracheae Tracheae NNP 35419 5776 2 , , , 35419 5776 3 23 23 CD 35419 5776 4 , , , 35419 5776 5 28 28 CD 35419 5776 6 . . . 35419 5777 1 Tracheid Tracheid NNP 35419 5777 2 , , , 35419 5777 3 28 28 CD 35419 5777 4 , , , 35419 5777 5 30 30 CD 35419 5777 6 , , , 35419 5777 7 290 290 CD 35419 5777 8 , , , 35419 5777 9 292 292 CD 35419 5777 10 . . . 35419 5778 1 _ _ NNP 35419 5778 2 Trametes Trametes NNP 35419 5778 3 pini pini NN 35419 5778 4 _ _ NNP 35419 5778 5 , , , 35419 5778 6 235 235 CD 35419 5778 7 . . . 35419 5779 1 _ _ NNP 35419 5779 2 Trametes Trametes NNP 35419 5779 3 radiciperda radiciperda VBP 35419 5779 4 _ _ NNP 35419 5779 5 , , , 35419 5779 6 237 237 CD 35419 5779 7 . . . 35419 5780 1 Tree tree NN 35419 5780 2 , , , 35419 5780 3 parts part NNS 35419 5780 4 of of IN 35419 5780 5 , , , 35419 5780 6 211 211 CD 35419 5780 7 . . . 35419 5781 1 Treeless treeless JJ 35419 5781 2 area area NN 35419 5781 3 , , , 35419 5781 4 197 197 CD 35419 5781 5 , , , 35419 5781 6 203 203 CD 35419 5781 7 . . . 35419 5782 1 Trees tree NNS 35419 5782 2 , , , 35419 5782 3 Broad Broad NNP 35419 5782 4 - - HYPH 35419 5782 5 leaved leave VBN 35419 5782 6 , , , 35419 5782 7 9 9 CD 35419 5782 8 , , , 35419 5782 9 10 10 CD 35419 5782 10 , , , 35419 5782 11 28 28 CD 35419 5782 12 , , , 35419 5782 13 29 29 CD 35419 5782 14 . . . 35419 5783 1 Trees tree NNS 35419 5783 2 , , , 35419 5783 3 deciduous deciduous JJ 35419 5783 4 , , , 35419 5783 5 10 10 CD 35419 5783 6 . . . 35419 5784 1 Trunk trunk NN 35419 5784 2 , , , 35419 5784 3 13 13 CD 35419 5784 4 , , , 35419 5784 5 211 211 CD 35419 5784 6 . . . 35419 5785 1 Long long RB 35419 5785 2 - - HYPH 35419 5785 3 bodied bodied JJ 35419 5785 4 , , , 35419 5785 5 225 225 CD 35419 5785 6 . . . 35419 5786 1 Short short JJ 35419 5786 2 - - HYPH 35419 5786 3 bodied bodied JJ 35419 5786 4 , , , 35419 5786 5 225 225 CD 35419 5786 6 . . . 35419 5787 1 _ _ NNP 35419 5787 2 Tsuga Tsuga NNP 35419 5787 3 canadensis canadensis NN 35419 5787 4 _ _ NNP 35419 5787 5 , , , 35419 5787 6 90 90 CD 35419 5787 7 . . . 35419 5788 1 _ _ NNP 35419 5788 2 Tsuga Tsuga NNP 35419 5788 3 heterophylla heterophylla NN 35419 5788 4 _ _ NNP 35419 5788 5 , , , 35419 5788 6 92 92 CD 35419 5788 7 . . . 35419 5789 1 Tulip Tulip NNP 35419 5789 2 Tree Tree NNP 35419 5789 3 , , , 35419 5789 4 158 158 CD 35419 5789 5 . . . 35419 5790 1 See see VB 35419 5790 2 Poplar Poplar NNP 35419 5790 3 Yellow Yellow NNP 35419 5790 4 Tupelo Tupelo NNP 35419 5790 5 , , , 35419 5790 6 180 180 CD 35419 5790 7 . . . 35419 5791 1 Turpentine turpentine NN 35419 5791 2 , , , 35419 5791 3 263 263 CD 35419 5791 4 . . . 35419 5792 1 Two two CD 35419 5792 2 - - HYPH 35419 5792 3 storied story VBN 35419 5792 4 Seed Seed NNP 35419 5792 5 Forest Forest NNP 35419 5792 6 , , , 35419 5792 7 282 282 CD 35419 5792 8 . . . 35419 5793 1 _ _ NNP 35419 5793 2 Ulmus Ulmus NNP 35419 5793 3 americana americana VBZ 35419 5793 4 _ _ NNP 35419 5793 5 , , , 35419 5793 6 154 154 CD 35419 5793 7 . . . 35419 5794 1 _ _ NNP 35419 5794 2 Ulmus Ulmus NNP 35419 5794 3 racemosa racemosa NNP 35419 5794 4 _ _ NNP 35419 5794 5 , , , 35419 5794 6 152 152 CD 35419 5794 7 . . . 35419 5795 1 _ _ NNP 35419 5795 2 Ulmus Ulmus NNP 35419 5795 3 thomasi thomasi NNP 35419 5795 4 _ _ NNP 35419 5795 5 , , , 35419 5795 6 152 152 CD 35419 5795 7 . . . 35419 5796 1 Utilization utilization NN 35419 5796 2 of of IN 35419 5796 3 forests forest NNS 35419 5796 4 , , , 35419 5796 5 271 271 CD 35419 5796 6 - - SYM 35419 5796 7 277 277 CD 35419 5796 8 . . . 35419 5797 1 Vegetable Vegetable NNP 35419 5797 2 enemies enemy NNS 35419 5797 3 , , , 35419 5797 4 233 233 CD 35419 5797 5 - - HYPH 35419 5797 6 239 239 CD 35419 5797 7 . . . 35419 5798 1 Veneer Veneer NNP 35419 5798 2 , , , 35419 5798 3 10 10 CD 35419 5798 4 , , , 35419 5798 5 35 35 CD 35419 5798 6 . . . 35419 5799 1 Vessels vessel NNS 35419 5799 2 , , , 35419 5799 3 23 23 CD 35419 5799 4 , , , 35419 5799 5 28 28 CD 35419 5799 6 , , , 35419 5799 7 29 29 CD 35419 5799 8 . . . 35419 5800 1 Veterans veteran NNS 35419 5800 2 , , , 35419 5800 3 225 225 CD 35419 5800 4 . . . 35419 5801 1 Walnut Walnut NNP 35419 5801 2 , , , 35419 5801 3 Black Black NNP 35419 5801 4 , , , 35419 5801 5 116 116 CD 35419 5801 6 , , , 35419 5801 7 300 300 CD 35419 5801 8 . . . 35419 5802 1 Walnut Walnut NNP 35419 5802 2 , , , 35419 5802 3 White White NNP 35419 5802 4 , , , 35419 5802 5 114 114 CD 35419 5802 6 . . . 35419 5803 1 Warping warping JJ 35419 5803 2 , , , 35419 5803 3 45 45 CD 35419 5803 4 - - SYM 35419 5803 5 47 47 CD 35419 5803 6 . . . 35419 5804 1 Waste Waste NNP 35419 5804 2 , , , 35419 5804 3 Avoidance Avoidance NNP 35419 5804 4 of of IN 35419 5804 5 , , , 35419 5804 6 274 274 CD 35419 5804 7 . . . 35419 5805 1 Waste waste NN 35419 5805 2 in in IN 35419 5805 3 lumbering lumbering NN 35419 5805 4 , , , 35419 5805 5 263 263 CD 35419 5805 6 . . . 35419 5806 1 Water water NN 35419 5806 2 , , , 35419 5806 3 41 41 CD 35419 5806 4 , , , 35419 5806 5 42 42 CD 35419 5806 6 , , , 35419 5806 7 226 226 CD 35419 5806 8 , , , 35419 5806 9 231 231 CD 35419 5806 10 . . . 35419 5807 1 Weeds Weeds NNP 35419 5807 2 , , , 35419 5807 3 Forest Forest NNP 35419 5807 4 , , , 35419 5807 5 225 225 CD 35419 5807 6 . . . 35419 5808 1 Weight weight NN 35419 5808 2 of of IN 35419 5808 3 wood wood NN 35419 5808 4 , , , 35419 5808 5 41 41 CD 35419 5808 6 , , , 35419 5808 7 49 49 CD 35419 5808 8 - - SYM 35419 5808 9 51 51 CD 35419 5808 10 . . . 35419 5809 1 Whitewood whitewood NN 35419 5809 2 , , , 35419 5809 3 158 158 CD 35419 5809 4 . . . 35419 5810 1 Wilderness wilderness NN 35419 5810 2 , , , 35419 5810 3 Conquest Conquest NNP 35419 5810 4 of of IN 35419 5810 5 , , , 35419 5810 6 258 258 CD 35419 5810 7 . . . 35419 5811 1 Willow Willow NNP 35419 5811 2 , , , 35419 5811 3 Black Black NNP 35419 5811 4 , , , 35419 5811 5 112 112 CD 35419 5811 6 . . . 35419 5812 1 Wind wind NN 35419 5812 2 , , , 35419 5812 3 229 229 CD 35419 5812 4 , , , 35419 5812 5 252 252 CD 35419 5812 6 , , , 35419 5812 7 253 253 CD 35419 5812 8 . . . 35419 5813 1 Windfalls windfall NNS 35419 5813 2 , , , 35419 5813 3 229 229 CD 35419 5813 4 . . . 35419 5814 1 Wood wood NN 35419 5814 2 , , , 35419 5814 3 Diffuse diffuse NN 35419 5814 4 - - HYPH 35419 5814 5 porous porous NNP 35419 5814 6 , , , 35419 5814 7 23 23 CD 35419 5814 8 , , , 35419 5814 9 30 30 CD 35419 5814 10 , , , 35419 5814 11 300 300 CD 35419 5814 12 - - SYM 35419 5814 13 303 303 CD 35419 5814 14 . . . 35419 5815 1 Wood wood NN 35419 5815 2 , , , 35419 5815 3 Non non JJ 35419 5815 4 - - JJ 35419 5815 5 porous porous JJ 35419 5815 6 , , , 35419 5815 7 24 24 CD 35419 5815 8 - - SYM 35419 5815 9 26 26 CD 35419 5815 10 , , , 35419 5815 11 58 58 CD 35419 5815 12 - - SYM 35419 5815 13 111 111 CD 35419 5815 14 , , , 35419 5815 15 294 294 CD 35419 5815 16 - - SYM 35419 5815 17 296 296 CD 35419 5815 18 . . . 35419 5816 1 Wood wood NN 35419 5816 2 , , , 35419 5816 3 Primary Primary NNP 35419 5816 4 , , , 35419 5816 5 17 17 CD 35419 5816 6 . . . 35419 5817 1 Wood wood NN 35419 5817 2 , , , 35419 5817 3 Properties property NNS 35419 5817 4 of of IN 35419 5817 5 , , , 35419 5817 6 Chap Chap NNP 35419 5817 7 . . . 35419 5818 1 II II NNP 35419 5818 2 . . NNP 35419 5818 3 , , , 35419 5818 4 41 41 CD 35419 5818 5 - - SYM 35419 5818 6 56 56 CD 35419 5818 7 . . . 35419 5819 1 Wood wood NN 35419 5819 2 , , , 35419 5819 3 Ring ring NN 35419 5819 4 - - HYPH 35419 5819 5 porous porous NNP 35419 5819 6 , , , 35419 5819 7 23 23 CD 35419 5819 8 , , , 35419 5819 9 29 29 CD 35419 5819 10 , , , 35419 5819 11 296 296 CD 35419 5819 12 - - SYM 35419 5819 13 299 299 CD 35419 5819 14 . . . 35419 5820 1 Wood wood NN 35419 5820 2 , , , 35419 5820 3 Spring Spring NNP 35419 5820 4 , , , 35419 5820 5 20 20 CD 35419 5820 6 , , , 35419 5820 7 21 21 CD 35419 5820 8 , , , 35419 5820 9 24 24 CD 35419 5820 10 , , , 35419 5820 11 30 30 CD 35419 5820 12 , , , 35419 5820 13 32 32 CD 35419 5820 14 , , , 35419 5820 15 44 44 CD 35419 5820 16 , , , 35419 5820 17 53 53 CD 35419 5820 18 , , , 35419 5820 19 54 54 CD 35419 5820 20 , , , 35419 5820 21 291 291 CD 35419 5820 22 . . . 35419 5821 1 Wood wood NN 35419 5821 2 , , , 35419 5821 3 Structure structure NN 35419 5821 4 of of IN 35419 5821 5 , , , 35419 5821 6 9 9 CD 35419 5821 7 - - SYM 35419 5821 8 40 40 CD 35419 5821 9 . . . 35419 5822 1 Wood wood NN 35419 5822 2 , , , 35419 5822 3 secondary secondary JJ 35419 5822 4 , , , 35419 5822 5 17 17 CD 35419 5822 6 . . . 35419 5823 1 Wood wood NN 35419 5823 2 , , , 35419 5823 3 summer summer NN 35419 5823 4 , , , 35419 5823 5 20 20 CD 35419 5823 6 , , , 35419 5823 7 21 21 CD 35419 5823 8 , , , 35419 5823 9 24 24 CD 35419 5823 10 , , , 35419 5823 11 30 30 CD 35419 5823 12 , , , 35419 5823 13 32 32 CD 35419 5823 14 , , , 35419 5823 15 44 44 CD 35419 5823 16 , , , 35419 5823 17 53 53 CD 35419 5823 18 , , , 35419 5823 19 54 54 CD 35419 5823 20 , , , 35419 5823 21 291 291 CD 35419 5823 22 . . . 35419 5824 1 Wood wood NN 35419 5824 2 borers borer NNS 35419 5824 3 , , , 35419 5824 4 243 243 CD 35419 5824 5 . . . 35419 5825 1 Wood wood NN 35419 5825 2 cells cell NNS 35419 5825 3 . . . 35419 5826 1 See see VB 35419 5826 2 Cells cell NNS 35419 5826 3 . . . 35419 5827 1 Wood wood NN 35419 5827 2 . . . 35419 5828 1 See see VB 35419 5828 2 Sap sap NN 35419 5828 3 - - HYPH 35419 5828 4 wood wood NN 35419 5828 5 , , , 35419 5828 6 Heart heart NN 35419 5828 7 wood wood NN 35419 5828 8 . . . 35419 5829 1 Wood wood NN 35419 5829 2 dyes dye NNS 35419 5829 3 , , , 35419 5829 4 18 18 CD 35419 5829 5 . . . 35419 5830 1 Wood wood NN 35419 5830 2 fiber fiber NN 35419 5830 3 , , , 35419 5830 4 28 28 CD 35419 5830 5 . . . 35419 5831 1 Woods Woods NNP 35419 5831 2 , , , 35419 5831 3 Color color NN 35419 5831 4 of of IN 35419 5831 5 , , , 35419 5831 6 17 17 CD 35419 5831 7 , , , 35419 5831 8 18 18 CD 35419 5831 9 , , , 35419 5831 10 290 290 CD 35419 5831 11 . . . 35419 5832 1 Woods Woods NNP 35419 5832 2 , , , 35419 5832 3 The the DT 35419 5832 4 distinguishing distinguishing NN 35419 5832 5 of of IN 35419 5832 6 , , , 35419 5832 7 289 289 CD 35419 5832 8 - - SYM 35419 5832 9 303 303 CD 35419 5832 10 . . . 35419 5833 1 Working Working NNP 35419 5833 2 , , , 35419 5833 3 47 47 CD 35419 5833 4 . . . 35419 5834 1 Worm worm NN 35419 5834 2 - - HYPH 35419 5834 3 holes hole NNS 35419 5834 4 , , , 35419 5834 5 243 243 CD 35419 5834 6 . . . 35419 5835 1 Worms worm NNS 35419 5835 2 , , , 35419 5835 3 carpenter carpenter NN 35419 5835 4 , , , 35419 5835 5 245 245 CD 35419 5835 6 . . . 35419 5836 1 Worms Worms NNP 35419 5836 2 , , , 35419 5836 3 Timber Timber NNP 35419 5836 4 , , , 35419 5836 5 244 244 CD 35419 5836 6 . . . 35419 5837 1 Wound wound NN 35419 5837 2 parasites parasite NNS 35419 5837 3 , , , 35419 5837 4 234 234 CD 35419 5837 5 . . . 35419 5838 1 Yew Yew NNP 35419 5838 2 , , , 35419 5838 3 295 295 CD 35419 5838 4 . . . 35419 5839 1 Yield yield NN 35419 5839 2 , , , 35419 5839 3 275 275 CD 35419 5839 4 . . . 35419 5840 1 Yucca Yucca NNP 35419 5840 2 , , , 35419 5840 3 10 10 CD 35419 5840 4 . . . 35419 5841 1 Books book NNS 35419 5841 2 on on IN 35419 5841 3 the the DT 35419 5841 4 Manual Manual NNP 35419 5841 5 Arts Arts NNPS 35419 5841 6 DESIGN design NN 35419 5841 7 AND and CC 35419 5841 8 CONSTRUCTION construction NN 35419 5841 9 IN in IN 35419 5841 10 WOOD wood NN 35419 5841 11 . . . 35419 5842 1 By by IN 35419 5842 2 William William NNP 35419 5842 3 Noyes Noyes NNP 35419 5842 4 . . . 35419 5843 1 A a DT 35419 5843 2 book book NN 35419 5843 3 full full JJ 35419 5843 4 of of IN 35419 5843 5 charm charm NN 35419 5843 6 and and CC 35419 5843 7 distinction distinction NN 35419 5843 8 and and CC 35419 5843 9 the the DT 35419 5843 10 first first JJ 35419 5843 11 to to TO 35419 5843 12 give give VB 35419 5843 13 due due JJ 35419 5843 14 consideration consideration NN 35419 5843 15 to to IN 35419 5843 16 the the DT 35419 5843 17 esthetic esthetic JJ 35419 5843 18 side side NN 35419 5843 19 of of IN 35419 5843 20 wood wood NN 35419 5843 21 - - HYPH 35419 5843 22 working working NN 35419 5843 23 . . . 35419 5844 1 It -PRON- PRP 35419 5844 2 is be VBZ 35419 5844 3 intended intend VBN 35419 5844 4 to to TO 35419 5844 5 give give VB 35419 5844 6 to to IN 35419 5844 7 beginners beginner NNS 35419 5844 8 practice practice VB 35419 5844 9 in in IN 35419 5844 10 designing design VBG 35419 5844 11 simple simple JJ 35419 5844 12 projects project NNS 35419 5844 13 in in IN 35419 5844 14 wood wood NN 35419 5844 15 and and CC 35419 5844 16 an an DT 35419 5844 17 opportunity opportunity NN 35419 5844 18 to to TO 35419 5844 19 acquire acquire VB 35419 5844 20 skill skill NN 35419 5844 21 in in IN 35419 5844 22 handling handle VBG 35419 5844 23 tools tool NNS 35419 5844 24 . . . 35419 5845 1 The the DT 35419 5845 2 book book NN 35419 5845 3 illustrates illustrate VBZ 35419 5845 4 a a DT 35419 5845 5 series series NN 35419 5845 6 of of IN 35419 5845 7 projects project NNS 35419 5845 8 and and CC 35419 5845 9 gives give VBZ 35419 5845 10 suggestions suggestion NNS 35419 5845 11 for for IN 35419 5845 12 other other JJ 35419 5845 13 similar similar JJ 35419 5845 14 projects project NNS 35419 5845 15 together together RB 35419 5845 16 with with IN 35419 5845 17 information information NN 35419 5845 18 regarding regard VBG 35419 5845 19 tools tool NNS 35419 5845 20 and and CC 35419 5845 21 processes process NNS 35419 5845 22 for for IN 35419 5845 23 making make VBG 35419 5845 24 . . . 35419 5846 1 A a DT 35419 5846 2 pleasing pleasing JJ 35419 5846 3 volume volume NN 35419 5846 4 abundantly abundantly RB 35419 5846 5 and and CC 35419 5846 6 beautifully beautifully RB 35419 5846 7 illustrated illustrate VBN 35419 5846 8 . . . 35419 5847 1 HANDWORK HANDWORK NNP 35419 5847 2 IN in IN 35419 5847 3 WOOD wood NN 35419 5847 4 . . . 35419 5848 1 By by IN 35419 5848 2 William William NNP 35419 5848 3 Noyes Noyes NNP 35419 5848 4 . . . 35419 5849 1 A a DT 35419 5849 2 handbook handbook NN 35419 5849 3 for for IN 35419 5849 4 teachers teacher NNS 35419 5849 5 and and CC 35419 5849 6 a a DT 35419 5849 7 textbook textbook NN 35419 5849 8 for for IN 35419 5849 9 normal normal JJ 35419 5849 10 school school NN 35419 5849 11 and and CC 35419 5849 12 college college NN 35419 5849 13 students student NNS 35419 5849 14 . . . 35419 5850 1 A a DT 35419 5850 2 comprehensive comprehensive JJ 35419 5850 3 and and CC 35419 5850 4 scholarly scholarly JJ 35419 5850 5 treatise treatise NN 35419 5850 6 , , , 35419 5850 7 covering cover VBG 35419 5850 8 logging logging NN 35419 5850 9 , , , 35419 5850 10 saw saw NN 35419 5850 11 - - HYPH 35419 5850 12 milling milling NN 35419 5850 13 , , , 35419 5850 14 seasoning seasoning NN 35419 5850 15 and and CC 35419 5850 16 measuring measure VBG 35419 5850 17 , , , 35419 5850 18 hand hand NN 35419 5850 19 tools tool NNS 35419 5850 20 , , , 35419 5850 21 wood wood NN 35419 5850 22 fastenings fastening NNS 35419 5850 23 , , , 35419 5850 24 equipment equipment NN 35419 5850 25 and and CC 35419 5850 26 care care NN 35419 5850 27 of of IN 35419 5850 28 the the DT 35419 5850 29 shop shop NN 35419 5850 30 , , , 35419 5850 31 the the DT 35419 5850 32 common common JJ 35419 5850 33 joints joint NNS 35419 5850 34 , , , 35419 5850 35 types type NNS 35419 5850 36 of of IN 35419 5850 37 wood wood NN 35419 5850 38 structures structure NNS 35419 5850 39 , , , 35419 5850 40 principles principle NNS 35419 5850 41 of of IN 35419 5850 42 joinery joinery NN 35419 5850 43 , , , 35419 5850 44 and and CC 35419 5850 45 wood wood NN 35419 5850 46 finishing finishing NN 35419 5850 47 . . . 35419 5851 1 304 304 CD 35419 5851 2 illustrations illustration NNS 35419 5851 3 -- -- : 35419 5851 4 excellent excellent JJ 35419 5851 5 pen pen NN 35419 5851 6 drawings drawing NNS 35419 5851 7 and and CC 35419 5851 8 many many JJ 35419 5851 9 photographs photograph NNS 35419 5851 10 . . . 35419 5852 1 WOOD WOOD NNP 35419 5852 2 AND and CC 35419 5852 3 FOREST FOREST NNP 35419 5852 4 . . . 35419 5853 1 By by IN 35419 5853 2 William William NNP 35419 5853 3 Noyes Noyes NNP 35419 5853 4 . . . 35419 5854 1 A a DT 35419 5854 2 companion companion NN 35419 5854 3 volume volume NN 35419 5854 4 to to IN 35419 5854 5 " " `` 35419 5854 6 Handwork Handwork NNP 35419 5854 7 in in IN 35419 5854 8 Wood Wood NNP 35419 5854 9 , , , 35419 5854 10 " " '' 35419 5854 11 by by IN 35419 5854 12 the the DT 35419 5854 13 same same JJ 35419 5854 14 author author NN 35419 5854 15 . . . 35419 5855 1 Especially especially RB 35419 5855 2 adapted adapt VBN 35419 5855 3 as as IN 35419 5855 4 a a DT 35419 5855 5 reference reference NN 35419 5855 6 book book NN 35419 5855 7 for for IN 35419 5855 8 teachers teacher NNS 35419 5855 9 of of IN 35419 5855 10 woodworking woodworking NN 35419 5855 11 . . . 35419 5856 1 Not not RB 35419 5856 2 too too RB 35419 5856 3 difficult difficult JJ 35419 5856 4 for for IN 35419 5856 5 use use NN 35419 5856 6 as as IN 35419 5856 7 a a DT 35419 5856 8 textbook textbook NN 35419 5856 9 for for IN 35419 5856 10 normal normal JJ 35419 5856 11 school school NN 35419 5856 12 and and CC 35419 5856 13 college college NN 35419 5856 14 students student NNS 35419 5856 15 . . . 35419 5857 1 Treats treat NNS 35419 5857 2 of of IN 35419 5857 3 wood wood NN 35419 5857 4 , , , 35419 5857 5 distribution distribution NN 35419 5857 6 of of IN 35419 5857 7 American american JJ 35419 5857 8 forests forest NNS 35419 5857 9 , , , 35419 5857 10 life life NN 35419 5857 11 of of IN 35419 5857 12 the the DT 35419 5857 13 forest forest NN 35419 5857 14 , , , 35419 5857 15 enemies enemy NNS 35419 5857 16 of of IN 35419 5857 17 the the DT 35419 5857 18 forest forest NN 35419 5857 19 , , , 35419 5857 20 destruction destruction NN 35419 5857 21 , , , 35419 5857 22 conservation conservation NN 35419 5857 23 and and CC 35419 5857 24 uses use NNS 35419 5857 25 of of IN 35419 5857 26 the the DT 35419 5857 27 forest forest NN 35419 5857 28 , , , 35419 5857 29 with with IN 35419 5857 30 a a DT 35419 5857 31 key key NN 35419 5857 32 to to IN 35419 5857 33 the the DT 35419 5857 34 common common JJ 35419 5857 35 woods wood NNS 35419 5857 36 by by IN 35419 5857 37 Filibert Filibert NNP 35419 5857 38 Roth Roth NNP 35419 5857 39 . . . 35419 5858 1 Describes describe VBZ 35419 5858 2 67 67 CD 35419 5858 3 principal principal JJ 35419 5858 4 species specie NNS 35419 5858 5 of of IN 35419 5858 6 wood wood NN 35419 5858 7 with with IN 35419 5858 8 maps map NNS 35419 5858 9 of of IN 35419 5858 10 the the DT 35419 5858 11 habitat habitat NN 35419 5858 12 , , , 35419 5858 13 leaf leaf NN 35419 5858 14 drawings drawing NNS 35419 5858 15 , , , 35419 5858 16 life life NN 35419 5858 17 size size NN 35419 5858 18 photographs photograph NNS 35419 5858 19 and and CC 35419 5858 20 microphotographs microphotograph NNS 35419 5858 21 of of IN 35419 5858 22 sections section NNS 35419 5858 23 . . . 35419 5859 1 Contains contain VBZ 35419 5859 2 a a DT 35419 5859 3 general general JJ 35419 5859 4 bibliography bibliography NN 35419 5859 5 of of IN 35419 5859 6 books book NNS 35419 5859 7 and and CC 35419 5859 8 articles article NNS 35419 5859 9 on on IN 35419 5859 10 wood wood NN 35419 5859 11 and and CC 35419 5859 12 forest forest NN 35419 5859 13 . . . 35419 5860 1 Profusely profusely RB 35419 5860 2 illustrated illustrate VBN 35419 5860 3 with with IN 35419 5860 4 photographs photograph NNS 35419 5860 5 from from IN 35419 5860 6 the the DT 35419 5860 7 United United NNP 35419 5860 8 States States NNP 35419 5860 9 forest forest NN 35419 5860 10 service service NN 35419 5860 11 and and CC 35419 5860 12 with with IN 35419 5860 13 pen pen NN 35419 5860 14 and and CC 35419 5860 15 ink ink VB 35419 5860 16 drawings drawing NNS 35419 5860 17 by by IN 35419 5860 18 Anna Anna NNP 35419 5860 19 Gausmann Gausmann NNP 35419 5860 20 Noyes Noyes NNP 35419 5860 21 and and CC 35419 5860 22 photographs photograph NNS 35419 5860 23 by by IN 35419 5860 24 the the DT 35419 5860 25 author author NN 35419 5860 26 . . . 35419 5861 1 309 309 CD 35419 5861 2 pages page NNS 35419 5861 3 . . . 35419 5862 1 WOODWORK WOODWORK NNP 35419 5862 2 FOR for IN 35419 5862 3 BEGINNERS beginner NNS 35419 5862 4 . . . 35419 5863 1 By by IN 35419 5863 2 Ira Ira NNP 35419 5863 3 S. S. NNP 35419 5863 4 Griffith Griffith NNP 35419 5863 5 . . . 35419 5864 1 A a DT 35419 5864 2 remarkably remarkably RB 35419 5864 3 simple simple JJ 35419 5864 4 treatment treatment NN 35419 5864 5 of of IN 35419 5864 6 elementary elementary JJ 35419 5864 7 woodworking woodworke VBG 35419 5864 8 for for IN 35419 5864 9 students student NNS 35419 5864 10 in in IN 35419 5864 11 the the DT 35419 5864 12 seventh seventh JJ 35419 5864 13 and and CC 35419 5864 14 eighth eighth JJ 35419 5864 15 grades grade NNS 35419 5864 16 . . . 35419 5865 1 It -PRON- PRP 35419 5865 2 deals deal VBZ 35419 5865 3 with with IN 35419 5865 4 tools tool NNS 35419 5865 5 , , , 35419 5865 6 processes process NNS 35419 5865 7 and and CC 35419 5865 8 materials material NNS 35419 5865 9 and and CC 35419 5865 10 includes include VBZ 35419 5865 11 only only RB 35419 5865 12 such such JJ 35419 5865 13 subject subject JJ 35419 5865 14 matter matter NN 35419 5865 15 as as IN 35419 5865 16 should should MD 35419 5865 17 be be VB 35419 5865 18 taught teach VBN 35419 5865 19 to to IN 35419 5865 20 grammar grammar VB 35419 5865 21 grade grade NN 35419 5865 22 students student NNS 35419 5865 23 . . . 35419 5866 1 It -PRON- PRP 35419 5866 2 meets meet VBZ 35419 5866 3 the the DT 35419 5866 4 requirements requirement NNS 35419 5866 5 of of IN 35419 5866 6 students student NNS 35419 5866 7 working work VBG 35419 5866 8 in in IN 35419 5866 9 large large JJ 35419 5866 10 classes class NNS 35419 5866 11 and and CC 35419 5866 12 devoting devote VBG 35419 5866 13 the the DT 35419 5866 14 minimum minimum NN 35419 5866 15 of of IN 35419 5866 16 time time NN 35419 5866 17 to to IN 35419 5866 18 manual manual JJ 35419 5866 19 training training NN 35419 5866 20 . . . 35419 5867 1 A a DT 35419 5867 2 practical practical JJ 35419 5867 3 and and CC 35419 5867 4 unusually unusually RB 35419 5867 5 attractive attractive JJ 35419 5867 6 textbook textbook NN 35419 5867 7 and and CC 35419 5867 8 one one NN 35419 5867 9 that that WDT 35419 5867 10 can can MD 35419 5867 11 be be VB 35419 5867 12 used use VBN 35419 5867 13 with with IN 35419 5867 14 any any DT 35419 5867 15 course course NN 35419 5867 16 of of IN 35419 5867 17 models model NNS 35419 5867 18 and and CC 35419 5867 19 in in IN 35419 5867 20 any any DT 35419 5867 21 order order NN 35419 5867 22 . . . 35419 5868 1 BEGINNING BEGINNING NNP 35419 5868 2 WOODWORK WOODWORK NNP 35419 5868 3 , , , 35419 5868 4 At at IN 35419 5868 5 Home Home NNP 35419 5868 6 and and CC 35419 5868 7 in in IN 35419 5868 8 School School NNP 35419 5868 9 . . . 35419 5869 1 By by IN 35419 5869 2 Clinton Clinton NNP 35419 5869 3 S. S. NNP 35419 5869 4 VanDeusen VanDeusen NNP 35419 5869 5 . . . 35419 5870 1 A a DT 35419 5870 2 full full JJ 35419 5870 3 and and CC 35419 5870 4 clear clear JJ 35419 5870 5 description description NN 35419 5870 6 in in IN 35419 5870 7 detail detail NN 35419 5870 8 of of IN 35419 5870 9 the the DT 35419 5870 10 fundamental fundamental JJ 35419 5870 11 processes process NNS 35419 5870 12 of of IN 35419 5870 13 elementary elementary JJ 35419 5870 14 benchwork benchwork NN 35419 5870 15 in in IN 35419 5870 16 wood wood NN 35419 5870 17 . . . 35419 5871 1 This this DT 35419 5871 2 description description NN 35419 5871 3 is be VBZ 35419 5871 4 given give VBN 35419 5871 5 thru thru IN 35419 5871 6 directions direction NNS 35419 5871 7 for for IN 35419 5871 8 making make VBG 35419 5871 9 a a DT 35419 5871 10 few few JJ 35419 5871 11 simple simple JJ 35419 5871 12 , , , 35419 5871 13 useful useful JJ 35419 5871 14 articles article NNS 35419 5871 15 , , , 35419 5871 16 suitable suitable JJ 35419 5871 17 either either CC 35419 5871 18 for for IN 35419 5871 19 school school NN 35419 5871 20 or or CC 35419 5871 21 home home NN 35419 5871 22 problems problem NNS 35419 5871 23 . . . 35419 5872 1 The the DT 35419 5872 2 book book NN 35419 5872 3 contains contain VBZ 35419 5872 4 more more JJR 35419 5872 5 than than IN 35419 5872 6 one one CD 35419 5872 7 hundred hundred CD 35419 5872 8 original original JJ 35419 5872 9 sketches sketch NNS 35419 5872 10 and and CC 35419 5872 11 ten ten CD 35419 5872 12 working work VBG 35419 5872 13 drawings drawing NNS 35419 5872 14 . . . 35419 5873 1 PROBLEMS PROBLEMS NNP 35419 5873 2 IN in IN 35419 5873 3 FARM FARM NNP 35419 5873 4 WOODWORK WOODWORK NNP 35419 5873 5 . . . 35419 5874 1 By by IN 35419 5874 2 Samuel Samuel NNP 35419 5874 3 A. A. NNP 35419 5874 4 Blackburn Blackburn NNP 35419 5874 5 . . . 35419 5875 1 A a DT 35419 5875 2 book book NN 35419 5875 3 of of IN 35419 5875 4 working work VBG 35419 5875 5 drawings drawing NNS 35419 5875 6 of of IN 35419 5875 7 100 100 CD 35419 5875 8 practical practical JJ 35419 5875 9 problems problem NNS 35419 5875 10 relating relate VBG 35419 5875 11 to to IN 35419 5875 12 agriculture agriculture NN 35419 5875 13 and and CC 35419 5875 14 farm farm NN 35419 5875 15 life life NN 35419 5875 16 . . . 35419 5876 1 Especially especially RB 35419 5876 2 valuable valuable JJ 35419 5876 3 to to IN 35419 5876 4 the the DT 35419 5876 5 student student NN 35419 5876 6 or or CC 35419 5876 7 teacher teacher NN 35419 5876 8 of of IN 35419 5876 9 agriculture agriculture NN 35419 5876 10 or or CC 35419 5876 11 manual manual JJ 35419 5876 12 arts art NNS 35419 5876 13 in in IN 35419 5876 14 rural rural JJ 35419 5876 15 schools school NNS 35419 5876 16 and and CC 35419 5876 17 in in IN 35419 5876 18 high high JJ 35419 5876 19 schools school NNS 35419 5876 20 in in IN 35419 5876 21 agricultural agricultural JJ 35419 5876 22 communities community NNS 35419 5876 23 , , , 35419 5876 24 and and CC 35419 5876 25 to to IN 35419 5876 26 the the DT 35419 5876 27 boy boy NN 35419 5876 28 on on IN 35419 5876 29 the the DT 35419 5876 30 farm farm NN 35419 5876 31 . . . 35419 5877 1 There there EX 35419 5877 2 are be VBP 35419 5877 3 60 60 CD 35419 5877 4 full full JJ 35419 5877 5 - - HYPH 35419 5877 6 page page NN 35419 5877 7 plates plate NNS 35419 5877 8 of of IN 35419 5877 9 working work VBG 35419 5877 10 drawings drawing NNS 35419 5877 11 , , , 35419 5877 12 each each DT 35419 5877 13 accompanied accompany VBN 35419 5877 14 by by IN 35419 5877 15 a a DT 35419 5877 16 page page NN 35419 5877 17 or or CC 35419 5877 18 more more JJR 35419 5877 19 of of IN 35419 5877 20 text text NN 35419 5877 21 treating treating NN 35419 5877 22 of of IN 35419 5877 23 " " `` 35419 5877 24 Purpose purpose NN 35419 5877 25 , , , 35419 5877 26 " " '' 35419 5877 27 " " `` 35419 5877 28 Material material NN 35419 5877 29 , , , 35419 5877 30 " " '' 35419 5877 31 " " `` 35419 5877 32 Bill Bill NNP 35419 5877 33 of of IN 35419 5877 34 Stock Stock NNP 35419 5877 35 , , , 35419 5877 36 " " '' 35419 5877 37 " " `` 35419 5877 38 Tools tool NNS 35419 5877 39 , , , 35419 5877 40 " " '' 35419 5877 41 " " `` 35419 5877 42 Directions direction NNS 35419 5877 43 , , , 35419 5877 44 " " '' 35419 5877 45 and and CC 35419 5877 46 " " `` 35419 5877 47 Assembly Assembly NNP 35419 5877 48 . . . 35419 5877 49 " " '' 35419 5878 1 A a DT 35419 5878 2 wonderfully wonderfully RB 35419 5878 3 practical practical JJ 35419 5878 4 book book NN 35419 5878 5 . . . 35419 5879 1 PROBLEMS problem NNS 35419 5879 2 IN in IN 35419 5879 3 FURNITURE furniture JJ 35419 5879 4 MAKING making NN 35419 5879 5 . . . 35419 5880 1 By by IN 35419 5880 2 Fred Fred NNP 35419 5880 3 D. D. NNP 35419 5880 4 Crawshaw Crawshaw NNP 35419 5880 5 . . . 35419 5881 1 This this DT 35419 5881 2 book book NN 35419 5881 3 , , , 35419 5881 4 revised revise VBN 35419 5881 5 and and CC 35419 5881 6 enlarged enlarge VBD 35419 5881 7 , , , 35419 5881 8 consists consist VBZ 35419 5881 9 of of IN 35419 5881 10 43 43 CD 35419 5881 11 plates plate NNS 35419 5881 12 of of IN 35419 5881 13 working work VBG 35419 5881 14 drawings drawing NNS 35419 5881 15 suitable suitable JJ 35419 5881 16 for for IN 35419 5881 17 use use NN 35419 5881 18 in in IN 35419 5881 19 grammar grammar NN 35419 5881 20 and and CC 35419 5881 21 high high JJ 35419 5881 22 schools school NNS 35419 5881 23 , , , 35419 5881 24 and and CC 35419 5881 25 36 36 CD 35419 5881 26 pages page NNS 35419 5881 27 of of IN 35419 5881 28 text text NN 35419 5881 29 , , , 35419 5881 30 including include VBG 35419 5881 31 chapters chapter NNS 35419 5881 32 on on IN 35419 5881 33 design design NN 35419 5881 34 , , , 35419 5881 35 construction construction NN 35419 5881 36 and and CC 35419 5881 37 finishes finish NNS 35419 5881 38 , , , 35419 5881 39 and and CC 35419 5881 40 notes note NNS 35419 5881 41 on on IN 35419 5881 42 the the DT 35419 5881 43 problems problem NNS 35419 5881 44 . . . 35419 5882 1 FURNITURE FURNITURE NNP 35419 5882 2 DESIGN design NN 35419 5882 3 FOR for IN 35419 5882 4 SCHOOLS school NNS 35419 5882 5 AND and CC 35419 5882 6 SHOPS SHOPS NNP 35419 5882 7 . . . 35419 5883 1 By by IN 35419 5883 2 Fred Fred NNP 35419 5883 3 D. D. NNP 35419 5883 4 Crawshaw Crawshaw NNP 35419 5883 5 . . . 35419 5884 1 A a DT 35419 5884 2 manual manual NN 35419 5884 3 on on IN 35419 5884 4 furniture furniture NN 35419 5884 5 design design NN 35419 5884 6 . . . 35419 5885 1 A a DT 35419 5885 2 book book NN 35419 5885 3 that that WDT 35419 5885 4 will will MD 35419 5885 5 stimulate stimulate VB 35419 5885 6 and and CC 35419 5885 7 encourage encourage VB 35419 5885 8 designing designing NN 35419 5885 9 and and CC 35419 5885 10 initiation initiation NN 35419 5885 11 on on IN 35419 5885 12 the the DT 35419 5885 13 part part NN 35419 5885 14 of of IN 35419 5885 15 the the DT 35419 5885 16 student student NN 35419 5885 17 . . . 35419 5886 1 It -PRON- PRP 35419 5886 2 contains contain VBZ 35419 5886 3 a a DT 35419 5886 4 collection collection NN 35419 5886 5 of of IN 35419 5886 6 plates plate NNS 35419 5886 7 showing show VBG 35419 5886 8 perspective perspective JJ 35419 5886 9 drawings drawing NNS 35419 5886 10 of of IN 35419 5886 11 typical typical JJ 35419 5886 12 designs design NNS 35419 5886 13 , , , 35419 5886 14 representing represent VBG 35419 5886 15 particular particular JJ 35419 5886 16 types type NNS 35419 5886 17 of of IN 35419 5886 18 furniture furniture NN 35419 5886 19 . . . 35419 5887 1 Each each DT 35419 5887 2 perspective perspective NN 35419 5887 3 is be VBZ 35419 5887 4 accompanied accompany VBN 35419 5887 5 by by IN 35419 5887 6 suggestions suggestion NNS 35419 5887 7 for for IN 35419 5887 8 rearrangement rearrangement NN 35419 5887 9 and and CC 35419 5887 10 the the DT 35419 5887 11 modeling modeling NN 35419 5887 12 of of IN 35419 5887 13 parts part NNS 35419 5887 14 . . . 35419 5888 1 The the DT 35419 5888 2 text text NN 35419 5888 3 discusses discuss VBZ 35419 5888 4 and and CC 35419 5888 5 illustrates illustrate VBZ 35419 5888 6 principles principle NNS 35419 5888 7 of of IN 35419 5888 8 design design NN 35419 5888 9 as as IN 35419 5888 10 applied apply VBN 35419 5888 11 to to IN 35419 5888 12 furniture furniture NN 35419 5888 13 . . . 35419 5889 1 A a DT 35419 5889 2 practical practical JJ 35419 5889 3 and and CC 35419 5889 4 helpful helpful JJ 35419 5889 5 book book NN 35419 5889 6 that that WDT 35419 5889 7 should should MD 35419 5889 8 be be VB 35419 5889 9 in in IN 35419 5889 10 the the DT 35419 5889 11 hands hand NNS 35419 5889 12 of of IN 35419 5889 13 every every DT 35419 5889 14 teacher teacher NN 35419 5889 15 of of IN 35419 5889 16 cabinet cabinet NN 35419 5889 17 making making NN 35419 5889 18 and and CC 35419 5889 19 designing design VBG 35419 5889 20 . . . 35419 5890 1 PROBLEMS PROBLEMS NNP 35419 5890 2 IN in IN 35419 5890 3 WOODWORKING WOODWORKING NNP 35419 5890 4 . . . 35419 5891 1 By by IN 35419 5891 2 M. M. NNP 35419 5891 3 W. W. NNP 35419 5891 4 Murray Murray NNP 35419 5891 5 . . . 35419 5892 1 A a DT 35419 5892 2 convenient convenient JJ 35419 5892 3 collection collection NN 35419 5892 4 of of IN 35419 5892 5 good good JJ 35419 5892 6 problems problem NNS 35419 5892 7 consisting consist VBG 35419 5892 8 of of IN 35419 5892 9 forty forty CD 35419 5892 10 plates plate NNS 35419 5892 11 of of IN 35419 5892 12 working work VBG 35419 5892 13 drawings drawing NNS 35419 5892 14 , , , 35419 5892 15 of of IN 35419 5892 16 problems problem NNS 35419 5892 17 in in IN 35419 5892 18 benchwork benchwork NN 35419 5892 19 that that WDT 35419 5892 20 have have VBP 35419 5892 21 been be VBN 35419 5892 22 successfully successfully RB 35419 5892 23 worked work VBN 35419 5892 24 out out RP 35419 5892 25 by by IN 35419 5892 26 boys boy NNS 35419 5892 27 in in IN 35419 5892 28 grades grade NNS 35419 5892 29 seven seven CD 35419 5892 30 to to TO 35419 5892 31 nine nine CD 35419 5892 32 inclusive inclusive JJ 35419 5892 33 . . . 35419 5893 1 SHOP SHOP NNP 35419 5893 2 PROBLEMS PROBLEMS NNP 35419 5893 3 . . . 35419 5894 1 ( ( -LRB- 35419 5894 2 On on IN 35419 5894 3 Tracing Tracing NNP 35419 5894 4 Paper Paper NNP 35419 5894 5 ) ) -RRB- 35419 5894 6 . . . 35419 5895 1 By by IN 35419 5895 2 Albert Albert NNP 35419 5895 3 F. F. NNP 35419 5895 4 Siepert Siepert NNP 35419 5895 5 . . . 35419 5896 1 A a DT 35419 5896 2 collection collection NN 35419 5896 3 of of IN 35419 5896 4 working work VBG 35419 5896 5 drawings drawing NNS 35419 5896 6 of of IN 35419 5896 7 a a DT 35419 5896 8 large large JJ 35419 5896 9 variety variety NN 35419 5896 10 of of IN 35419 5896 11 projects project NNS 35419 5896 12 printed print VBN 35419 5896 13 on on IN 35419 5896 14 tracing trace VBG 35419 5896 15 paper paper NN 35419 5896 16 and and CC 35419 5896 17 ready ready JJ 35419 5896 18 for for IN 35419 5896 19 blue blue JJ 35419 5896 20 printing printing NN 35419 5896 21 . . . 35419 5897 1 The the DT 35419 5897 2 projects project NNS 35419 5897 3 have have VBP 35419 5897 4 all all DT 35419 5897 5 been be VBN 35419 5897 6 worked work VBN 35419 5897 7 out out RP 35419 5897 8 in in IN 35419 5897 9 manual manual JJ 35419 5897 10 arts art NNS 35419 5897 11 classes class NNS 35419 5897 12 and and CC 35419 5897 13 have have VBP 35419 5897 14 proved prove VBN 35419 5897 15 their -PRON- PRP$ 35419 5897 16 value value NN 35419 5897 17 from from IN 35419 5897 18 the the DT 35419 5897 19 standpoint standpoint NN 35419 5897 20 of of IN 35419 5897 21 design design NN 35419 5897 22 , , , 35419 5897 23 construction construction NN 35419 5897 24 , , , 35419 5897 25 use use NN 35419 5897 26 , , , 35419 5897 27 human human JJ 35419 5897 28 interest interest NN 35419 5897 29 , , , 35419 5897 30 etc etc FW 35419 5897 31 . . . 35419 5898 1 They -PRON- PRP 35419 5898 2 are be VBP 35419 5898 3 of of IN 35419 5898 4 convenient convenient JJ 35419 5898 5 size size NN 35419 5898 6 , , , 35419 5898 7 6x9-inch 6x9-inch CD 35419 5898 8 , , , 35419 5898 9 and and CC 35419 5898 10 are be VBP 35419 5898 11 enclosed enclose VBN 35419 5898 12 in in IN 35419 5898 13 a a DT 35419 5898 14 portfolio portfolio NN 35419 5898 15 . . . 35419 5899 1 To to IN 35419 5899 2 the the DT 35419 5899 3 teacher teacher NN 35419 5899 4 , , , 35419 5899 5 in in IN 35419 5899 6 search search NN 35419 5899 7 of of IN 35419 5899 8 additional additional JJ 35419 5899 9 projects project NNS 35419 5899 10 to to TO 35419 5899 11 supplement supplement VB 35419 5899 12 and and CC 35419 5899 13 enrich enrich VB 35419 5899 14 his -PRON- PRP$ 35419 5899 15 course course NN 35419 5899 16 these these DT 35419 5899 17 tracings tracing NNS 35419 5899 18 are be VBP 35419 5899 19 worth worth JJ 35419 5899 20 far far RB 35419 5899 21 more more JJR 35419 5899 22 than than IN 35419 5899 23 the the DT 35419 5899 24 price price NN 35419 5899 25 asked ask VBD 35419 5899 26 . . . 35419 5900 1 Published publish VBN 35419 5900 2 in in IN 35419 5900 3 series series NN 35419 5900 4 . . . 35419 5901 1 Nos nos UH 35419 5901 2 . . . 35419 5902 1 1 1 CD 35419 5902 2 , , , 35419 5902 3 2 2 CD 35419 5902 4 , , , 35419 5902 5 3 3 CD 35419 5902 6 , , , 35419 5902 7 4 4 CD 35419 5902 8 , , , 35419 5902 9 5 5 CD 35419 5902 10 , , , 35419 5902 11 6 6 CD 35419 5902 12 , , , 35419 5902 13 and and CC 35419 5902 14 7 7 CD 35419 5902 15 . . . 35419 5903 1 WORKSHOP WORKSHOP NNP 35419 5903 2 NOTE note NN 35419 5903 3 - - HYPH 35419 5903 4 BOOK BOOK NNP 35419 5903 5 -- -- : 35419 5903 6 WOODWORKING WOODWORKING NNP 35419 5903 7 . . . 35419 5904 1 By by IN 35419 5904 2 George George NNP 35419 5904 3 G. G. NNP 35419 5904 4 Greene Greene NNP 35419 5904 5 . . . 35419 5905 1 A a DT 35419 5905 2 small small JJ 35419 5905 3 - - HYPH 35419 5905 4 size size NN 35419 5905 5 textbook textbook NN 35419 5905 6 and and CC 35419 5905 7 notebook notebook VB 35419 5905 8 combined combine VBN 35419 5905 9 . . . 35419 5906 1 It -PRON- PRP 35419 5906 2 furnishes furnish VBZ 35419 5906 3 a a DT 35419 5906 4 few few JJ 35419 5906 5 general general JJ 35419 5906 6 and and CC 35419 5906 7 extremely extremely RB 35419 5906 8 important important JJ 35419 5906 9 directions direction NNS 35419 5906 10 about about IN 35419 5906 11 tools tool NNS 35419 5906 12 and and CC 35419 5906 13 processes process NNS 35419 5906 14 ; ; : 35419 5906 15 and and CC 35419 5906 16 provides provide VBZ 35419 5906 17 space space NN 35419 5906 18 for for IN 35419 5906 19 additional additional JJ 35419 5906 20 notes note NNS 35419 5906 21 and and CC 35419 5906 22 working work VBG 35419 5906 23 drawings drawing NNS 35419 5906 24 of of IN 35419 5906 25 exercises exercise NNS 35419 5906 26 and and CC 35419 5906 27 articles article NNS 35419 5906 28 which which WDT 35419 5906 29 the the DT 35419 5906 30 pupil pupil NN 35419 5906 31 is be VBZ 35419 5906 32 to to TO 35419 5906 33 construct construct VB 35419 5906 34 . . . 35419 5907 1 It -PRON- PRP 35419 5907 2 is be VBZ 35419 5907 3 essentially essentially RB 35419 5907 4 a a DT 35419 5907 5 collection collection NN 35419 5907 6 of of IN 35419 5907 7 helps help NNS 35419 5907 8 , , , 35419 5907 9 ideas idea NNS 35419 5907 10 , , , 35419 5907 11 hints hint NNS 35419 5907 12 , , , 35419 5907 13 suggestions suggestion NNS 35419 5907 14 , , , 35419 5907 15 questions question NNS 35419 5907 16 , , , 35419 5907 17 facts fact NNS 35419 5907 18 , , , 35419 5907 19 illustrations illustration NNS 35419 5907 20 , , , 35419 5907 21 etc etc FW 35419 5907 22 . . FW 35419 5907 23 , , , 35419 5907 24 which which WDT 35419 5907 25 have have VBP 35419 5907 26 been be VBN 35419 5907 27 prepared prepare VBN 35419 5907 28 by by IN 35419 5907 29 a a DT 35419 5907 30 practical practical JJ 35419 5907 31 teacher teacher NN 35419 5907 32 to to TO 35419 5907 33 meet meet VB 35419 5907 34 a a DT 35419 5907 35 real real JJ 35419 5907 36 need need NN 35419 5907 37 in in IN 35419 5907 38 his -PRON- PRP$ 35419 5907 39 own own JJ 35419 5907 40 shop shop NN 35419 5907 41 . . . 35419 5908 1 The the DT 35419 5908 2 notebook notebook NN 35419 5908 3 is be VBZ 35419 5908 4 full full JJ 35419 5908 5 of of IN 35419 5908 6 suggestions suggestion NNS 35419 5908 7 ; ; , 35419 5908 8 shows show VBZ 35419 5908 9 a a DT 35419 5908 10 keen keen JJ 35419 5908 11 insight insight NN 35419 5908 12 into into IN 35419 5908 13 subject subject JJ 35419 5908 14 matter matter NN 35419 5908 15 and and CC 35419 5908 16 teaching teaching NN 35419 5908 17 methods method NNS 35419 5908 18 and and CC 35419 5908 19 is be VBZ 35419 5908 20 an an DT 35419 5908 21 effective effective JJ 35419 5908 22 teaching teaching NN 35419 5908 23 tool tool NN 35419 5908 24 . . . 35419 5909 1 PROBLEMS PROBLEMS NNP 35419 5909 2 IN in IN 35419 5909 3 WOOD wood NN 35419 5909 4 - - HYPH 35419 5909 5 TURNING turning NN 35419 5909 6 . . . 35419 5910 1 By by IN 35419 5910 2 Fred Fred NNP 35419 5910 3 D. D. NNP 35419 5910 4 Crawshaw Crawshaw NNP 35419 5910 5 . . . 35419 5911 1 In in IN 35419 5911 2 the the DT 35419 5911 3 first first JJ 35419 5911 4 place place NN 35419 5911 5 this this DT 35419 5911 6 is be VBZ 35419 5911 7 a a DT 35419 5911 8 book book NN 35419 5911 9 of of IN 35419 5911 10 problems--25 problems--25 JJ 35419 5911 11 plates plate NNS 35419 5911 12 covering cover VBG 35419 5911 13 spindle spindle NN 35419 5911 14 , , , 35419 5911 15 face face NN 35419 5911 16 - - HYPH 35419 5911 17 plate plate NN 35419 5911 18 , , , 35419 5911 19 and and CC 35419 5911 20 chuck chuck NN 35419 5911 21 turning turning NN 35419 5911 22 . . . 35419 5912 1 In in IN 35419 5912 2 the the DT 35419 5912 3 second second JJ 35419 5912 4 place place NN 35419 5912 5 it -PRON- PRP 35419 5912 6 is be VBZ 35419 5912 7 a a DT 35419 5912 8 textbook textbook NN 35419 5912 9 on on IN 35419 5912 10 the the DT 35419 5912 11 science science NN 35419 5912 12 and and CC 35419 5912 13 art art NN 35419 5912 14 of of IN 35419 5912 15 wood wood NN 35419 5912 16 - - HYPH 35419 5912 17 turning turning NN 35419 5912 18 illustrated illustrate VBN 35419 5912 19 by by IN 35419 5912 20 fifty fifty CD 35419 5912 21 pen pen NN 35419 5912 22 sketches sketch NNS 35419 5912 23 . . . 35419 5913 1 It -PRON- PRP 35419 5913 2 gives give VBZ 35419 5913 3 the the DT 35419 5913 4 mathematical mathematical JJ 35419 5913 5 basis basis NN 35419 5913 6 for for IN 35419 5913 7 the the DT 35419 5913 8 cuts cut NNS 35419 5913 9 used use VBN 35419 5913 10 in in IN 35419 5913 11 turning turn VBG 35419 5913 12 . . . 35419 5914 1 In in IN 35419 5914 2 the the DT 35419 5914 3 third third JJ 35419 5914 4 place place NN 35419 5914 5 it -PRON- PRP 35419 5914 6 is be VBZ 35419 5914 7 a a DT 35419 5914 8 helpful helpful JJ 35419 5914 9 discussion discussion NN 35419 5914 10 of of IN 35419 5914 11 the the DT 35419 5914 12 principles principle NNS 35419 5914 13 of of IN 35419 5914 14 design design NN 35419 5914 15 as as IN 35419 5914 16 applied apply VBN 35419 5914 17 to to IN 35419 5914 18 objects object NNS 35419 5914 19 turned turn VBN 35419 5914 20 in in IN 35419 5914 21 wood wood NN 35419 5914 22 . . . 35419 5915 1 It -PRON- PRP 35419 5915 2 is be VBZ 35419 5915 3 a a DT 35419 5915 4 clear clear JJ 35419 5915 5 , , , 35419 5915 6 practical practical JJ 35419 5915 7 and and CC 35419 5915 8 suggestive suggestive JJ 35419 5915 9 book book NN 35419 5915 10 on on IN 35419 5915 11 wood wood NN 35419 5915 12 - - HYPH 35419 5915 13 turning turning NN 35419 5915 14 . . . 35419 5916 1 WOOD WOOD NNP 35419 5916 2 PATTERN pattern NN 35419 5916 3 - - HYPH 35419 5916 4 MAKING making NN 35419 5916 5 . . . 35419 5917 1 By by IN 35419 5917 2 Horace Horace NNP 35419 5917 3 T. T. NNP 35419 5917 4 Purfield Purfield NNP 35419 5917 5 . . . 35419 5918 1 This this DT 35419 5918 2 book book NN 35419 5918 3 was be VBD 35419 5918 4 written write VBN 35419 5918 5 expressly expressly RB 35419 5918 6 for for IN 35419 5918 7 use use NN 35419 5918 8 as as IN 35419 5918 9 a a DT 35419 5918 10 textbook textbook NN 35419 5918 11 for for IN 35419 5918 12 high high JJ 35419 5918 13 school school NN 35419 5918 14 , , , 35419 5918 15 trade trade NN 35419 5918 16 school school NN 35419 5918 17 , , , 35419 5918 18 technical technical JJ 35419 5918 19 school school NN 35419 5918 20 , , , 35419 5918 21 and and CC 35419 5918 22 engineering engineering NN 35419 5918 23 college college NN 35419 5918 24 students student NNS 35419 5918 25 . . . 35419 5919 1 It -PRON- PRP 35419 5919 2 is be VBZ 35419 5919 3 a a DT 35419 5919 4 revised revise VBN 35419 5919 5 , , , 35419 5919 6 enlarged enlarged JJ 35419 5919 7 , , , 35419 5919 8 and and CC 35419 5919 9 newly newly RB 35419 5919 10 illustrated illustrate VBN 35419 5919 11 edition edition NN 35419 5919 12 . . . 35419 5920 1 CORRELATED correlate VBN 35419 5920 2 COURSES courses NN 35419 5920 3 IN in IN 35419 5920 4 WOODWORK WOODWORK NNP 35419 5920 5 AND and CC 35419 5920 6 MECHANICAL MECHANICAL NNP 35419 5920 7 DRAWING drawing NN 35419 5920 8 . . . 35419 5921 1 By by IN 35419 5921 2 Ira Ira NNP 35419 5921 3 S. S. NNP 35419 5921 4 Griffith Griffith NNP 35419 5921 5 . . . 35419 5922 1 This this DT 35419 5922 2 book book NN 35419 5922 3 is be VBZ 35419 5922 4 designed design VBN 35419 5922 5 to to TO 35419 5922 6 meet meet VB 35419 5922 7 the the DT 35419 5922 8 every every DT 35419 5922 9 - - HYPH 35419 5922 10 day day NN 35419 5922 11 need need NN 35419 5922 12 of of IN 35419 5922 13 the the DT 35419 5922 14 teacher teacher NN 35419 5922 15 of of IN 35419 5922 16 woodworking woodworking NN 35419 5922 17 and and CC 35419 5922 18 mechanical mechanical JJ 35419 5922 19 drawing drawing NN 35419 5922 20 for for IN 35419 5922 21 reliable reliable JJ 35419 5922 22 information information NN 35419 5922 23 concerning concern VBG 35419 5922 24 organization organization NN 35419 5922 25 of of IN 35419 5922 26 courses course NNS 35419 5922 27 , , , 35419 5922 28 subject subject JJ 35419 5922 29 matter matter NN 35419 5922 30 and and CC 35419 5922 31 methods method NNS 35419 5922 32 of of IN 35419 5922 33 teaching teaching NN 35419 5922 34 . . . 35419 5923 1 It -PRON- PRP 35419 5923 2 covers cover VBZ 35419 5923 3 classification classification NN 35419 5923 4 and and CC 35419 5923 5 arrangement arrangement NN 35419 5923 6 of of IN 35419 5923 7 tool tool NN 35419 5923 8 operations operation NNS 35419 5923 9 for for IN 35419 5923 10 grades grade NNS 35419 5923 11 , , , 35419 5923 12 7 7 CD 35419 5923 13 , , , 35419 5923 14 8 8 CD 35419 5923 15 , , , 35419 5923 16 9 9 CD 35419 5923 17 , , , 35419 5923 18 and and CC 35419 5923 19 10 10 CD 35419 5923 20 , , , 35419 5923 21 shop shop NN 35419 5923 22 organization organization NN 35419 5923 23 , , , 35419 5923 24 allotment allotment NN 35419 5923 25 of of IN 35419 5923 26 time time NN 35419 5923 27 design design NN 35419 5923 28 , , , 35419 5923 29 shop shop NN 35419 5923 30 excursions excursion NNS 35419 5923 31 , , , 35419 5923 32 stock stock NN 35419 5923 33 bills bill NNS 35419 5923 34 , , , 35419 5923 35 cost cost NN 35419 5923 36 of of IN 35419 5923 37 material material NN 35419 5923 38 , , , 35419 5923 39 records record NNS 35419 5923 40 , , , 35419 5923 41 shop shop NN 35419 5923 42 conduct conduct NN 35419 5923 43 , , , 35419 5923 44 the the DT 35419 5923 45 lesson lesson NN 35419 5923 46 , , , 35419 5923 47 maintenance maintenance NN 35419 5923 48 , , , 35419 5923 49 equipment equipment NN 35419 5923 50 , , , 35419 5923 51 and and CC 35419 5923 52 lesson lesson NN 35419 5923 53 outlines outline NNS 35419 5923 54 for for IN 35419 5923 55 grammar grammar NN 35419 5923 56 and and CC 35419 5923 57 high high JJ 35419 5923 58 schools school NNS 35419 5923 59 . . . 35419 5924 1 It -PRON- PRP 35419 5924 2 is be VBZ 35419 5924 3 based base VBN 35419 5924 4 on on IN 35419 5924 5 sound sound JJ 35419 5924 6 pedagogy pedagogy NN 35419 5924 7 , , , 35419 5924 8 thoro thoro JJ 35419 5924 9 technical technical JJ 35419 5924 10 knowledge knowledge NN 35419 5924 11 and and CC 35419 5924 12 successful successful JJ 35419 5924 13 teaching teaching NN 35419 5924 14 experience experience NN 35419 5924 15 . . . 35419 5925 1 It -PRON- PRP 35419 5925 2 is be VBZ 35419 5925 3 practical practical JJ 35419 5925 4 . . . 35419 5926 1 ESSENTIALS essential NNS 35419 5926 2 OF of IN 35419 5926 3 WOODWORKING WOODWORKING NNP 35419 5926 4 . . . 35419 5927 1 By by IN 35419 5927 2 Ira Ira NNP 35419 5927 3 S. S. NNP 35419 5927 4 Griffith Griffith NNP 35419 5927 5 . . . 35419 5928 1 A a DT 35419 5928 2 textbook textbook NN 35419 5928 3 written write VBN 35419 5928 4 especially especially RB 35419 5928 5 for for IN 35419 5928 6 the the DT 35419 5928 7 use use NN 35419 5928 8 of of IN 35419 5928 9 grammar grammar NN 35419 5928 10 and and CC 35419 5928 11 high high JJ 35419 5928 12 school school NN 35419 5928 13 students student NNS 35419 5928 14 . . . 35419 5929 1 A a DT 35419 5929 2 clear clear JJ 35419 5929 3 and and CC 35419 5929 4 comprehensive comprehensive JJ 35419 5929 5 treatment treatment NN 35419 5929 6 of of IN 35419 5929 7 woodworking woodworking NN 35419 5929 8 tools tool NNS 35419 5929 9 , , , 35419 5929 10 materials material NNS 35419 5929 11 , , , 35419 5929 12 and and CC 35419 5929 13 processes process NNS 35419 5929 14 , , , 35419 5929 15 to to TO 35419 5929 16 supplement supplement VB 35419 5929 17 , , , 35419 5929 18 but but CC 35419 5929 19 not not RB 35419 5929 20 to to TO 35419 5929 21 take take VB 35419 5929 22 the the DT 35419 5929 23 place place NN 35419 5929 24 of of IN 35419 5929 25 the the DT 35419 5929 26 instruction instruction NN 35419 5929 27 given give VBN 35419 5929 28 by by IN 35419 5929 29 the the DT 35419 5929 30 teacher teacher NN 35419 5929 31 . . . 35419 5930 1 The the DT 35419 5930 2 book book NN 35419 5930 3 does do VBZ 35419 5930 4 not not RB 35419 5930 5 contain contain VB 35419 5930 6 a a DT 35419 5930 7 course course NN 35419 5930 8 of of IN 35419 5930 9 models model NNS 35419 5930 10 ; ; : 35419 5930 11 it -PRON- PRP 35419 5930 12 may may MD 35419 5930 13 be be VB 35419 5930 14 used use VBN 35419 5930 15 with with IN 35419 5930 16 any any DT 35419 5930 17 course course NN 35419 5930 18 . . . 35419 5931 1 It -PRON- PRP 35419 5931 2 is be VBZ 35419 5931 3 illustrated illustrate VBN 35419 5931 4 with with IN 35419 5931 5 photographs photograph NNS 35419 5931 6 and and CC 35419 5931 7 numerous numerous JJ 35419 5931 8 pen pen NN 35419 5931 9 drawings drawing NNS 35419 5931 10 . . . 35419 5932 1 PROJECTS PROJECTS NNP 35419 5932 2 FOR for IN 35419 5932 3 BEGINNING begin VBG 35419 5932 4 WOODWORK WOODWORK NNP 35419 5932 5 AND and CC 35419 5932 6 MECHANICAL MECHANICAL NNP 35419 5932 7 DRAWING drawing NN 35419 5932 8 . . . 35419 5933 1 By by IN 35419 5933 2 Ira Ira NNP 35419 5933 3 S. S. NNP 35419 5933 4 Griffith Griffith NNP 35419 5933 5 . . . 35419 5934 1 A a DT 35419 5934 2 work work NN 35419 5934 3 book book NN 35419 5934 4 for for IN 35419 5934 5 the the DT 35419 5934 6 use use NN 35419 5934 7 of of IN 35419 5934 8 students student NNS 35419 5934 9 in in IN 35419 5934 10 grammar grammar NNP 35419 5934 11 grade grade NN 35419 5934 12 classes class NNS 35419 5934 13 . . . 35419 5935 1 It -PRON- PRP 35419 5935 2 consists consist VBZ 35419 5935 3 of of IN 35419 5935 4 working work VBG 35419 5935 5 drawings drawing NNS 35419 5935 6 and and CC 35419 5935 7 working working NN 35419 5935 8 directions direction NNS 35419 5935 9 . . . 35419 5936 1 The the DT 35419 5936 2 projects project NNS 35419 5936 3 are be VBP 35419 5936 4 such such JJ 35419 5936 5 as as IN 35419 5936 6 have have VBP 35419 5936 7 proven prove VBN 35419 5936 8 of of IN 35419 5936 9 exceptional exceptional JJ 35419 5936 10 service service NN 35419 5936 11 where where WRB 35419 5936 12 woodworking woodworking NN 35419 5936 13 and and CC 35419 5936 14 mechanical mechanical JJ 35419 5936 15 drawing drawing NN 35419 5936 16 are be VBP 35419 5936 17 taught teach VBN 35419 5936 18 in in IN 35419 5936 19 a a DT 35419 5936 20 thoro thoro JJ 35419 5936 21 , , , 35419 5936 22 systematic systematic JJ 35419 5936 23 manner manner NN 35419 5936 24 in in IN 35419 5936 25 the the DT 35419 5936 26 seventh seventh JJ 35419 5936 27 and and CC 35419 5936 28 eighth eighth JJ 35419 5936 29 grades grade NNS 35419 5936 30 . . . 35419 5937 1 The the DT 35419 5937 2 aim aim NN 35419 5937 3 has have VBZ 35419 5937 4 been be VBN 35419 5937 5 to to TO 35419 5937 6 provide provide VB 35419 5937 7 successful successful JJ 35419 5937 8 rather rather RB 35419 5937 9 than than IN 35419 5937 10 unique unique JJ 35419 5937 11 problems problem NNS 35419 5937 12 . . . 35419 5938 1 The the DT 35419 5938 2 50 50 CD 35419 5938 3 projects project NNS 35419 5938 4 in in IN 35419 5938 5 the the DT 35419 5938 6 book book NN 35419 5938 7 were be VBD 35419 5938 8 selected select VBN 35419 5938 9 and and CC 35419 5938 10 organized organize VBN 35419 5938 11 with with IN 35419 5938 12 the the DT 35419 5938 13 constant constant JJ 35419 5938 14 aim aim NN 35419 5938 15 of of IN 35419 5938 16 securing secure VBG 35419 5938 17 the the DT 35419 5938 18 highest high JJS 35419 5938 19 educational educational JJ 35419 5938 20 results result NNS 35419 5938 21 . . . 35419 5939 1 The the DT 35419 5939 2 book book NN 35419 5939 3 is be VBZ 35419 5939 4 especially especially RB 35419 5939 5 suited suited JJ 35419 5939 6 for for IN 35419 5939 7 use use NN 35419 5939 8 in in IN 35419 5939 9 connection connection NN 35419 5939 10 with with IN 35419 5939 11 " " `` 35419 5939 12 Essentials Essentials NNPS 35419 5939 13 of of IN 35419 5939 14 Woodworking Woodworking NNP 35419 5939 15 , , , 35419 5939 16 " " '' 35419 5939 17 by by IN 35419 5939 18 the the DT 35419 5939 19 same same JJ 35419 5939 20 author author NN 35419 5939 21 . . . 35419 5940 1 FURNITURE furniture JJ 35419 5940 2 MAKING making NN 35419 5940 3 . . . 35419 5941 1 ( ( -LRB- 35419 5941 2 Advanced advanced JJ 35419 5941 3 Projects Projects NNPS 35419 5941 4 in in IN 35419 5941 5 Woodwork Woodwork NNP 35419 5941 6 . . . 35419 5941 7 ) ) -RRB- 35419 5942 1 By by IN 35419 5942 2 Ira Ira NNP 35419 5942 3 S. S. NNP 35419 5942 4 Griffith Griffith NNP 35419 5942 5 . . . 35419 5943 1 This this DT 35419 5943 2 book book NN 35419 5943 3 is be VBZ 35419 5943 4 similar similar JJ 35419 5943 5 to to IN 35419 5943 6 " " `` 35419 5943 7 Projects project NNS 35419 5943 8 for for IN 35419 5943 9 Beginning Beginning NNP 35419 5943 10 Woodwork Woodwork NNP 35419 5943 11 and and CC 35419 5943 12 Mechanical Mechanical NNP 35419 5943 13 Drawing Drawing NNP 35419 5943 14 , , , 35419 5943 15 " " '' 35419 5943 16 but but CC 35419 5943 17 is be VBZ 35419 5943 18 suited suit VBN 35419 5943 19 to to IN 35419 5943 20 high high JJ 35419 5943 21 school school NN 35419 5943 22 needs need NNS 35419 5943 23 . . . 35419 5944 1 It -PRON- PRP 35419 5944 2 consists consist VBZ 35419 5944 3 of of IN 35419 5944 4 fifty fifty CD 35419 5944 5 plates plate NNS 35419 5944 6 of of IN 35419 5944 7 problems problem NNS 35419 5944 8 and and CC 35419 5944 9 accompanying accompany VBG 35419 5944 10 notes note NNS 35419 5944 11 . . . 35419 5945 1 It -PRON- PRP 35419 5945 2 is be VBZ 35419 5945 3 essentially essentially RB 35419 5945 4 a a DT 35419 5945 5 collection collection NN 35419 5945 6 of of IN 35419 5945 7 problems problem NNS 35419 5945 8 in in IN 35419 5945 9 furniture furniture NN 35419 5945 10 making make VBG 35419 5945 11 selected select VBN 35419 5945 12 or or CC 35419 5945 13 designed design VBN 35419 5945 14 with with IN 35419 5945 15 reference reference NN 35419 5945 16 to to IN 35419 5945 17 school school NN 35419 5945 18 use use NN 35419 5945 19 . . . 35419 5946 1 On on IN 35419 5946 2 the the DT 35419 5946 3 plate plate NN 35419 5946 4 with with IN 35419 5946 5 each each DT 35419 5946 6 working work VBG 35419 5946 7 drawing drawing NN 35419 5946 8 is be VBZ 35419 5946 9 a a DT 35419 5946 10 good good JJ 35419 5946 11 perspective perspective NN 35419 5946 12 sketch sketch NN 35419 5946 13 of of IN 35419 5946 14 the the DT 35419 5946 15 completed complete VBN 35419 5946 16 object object NN 35419 5946 17 . . . 35419 5947 1 In in IN 35419 5947 2 draftsmanship draftsmanship NN 35419 5947 3 and and CC 35419 5947 4 refinement refinement NN 35419 5947 5 of of IN 35419 5947 6 design design NN 35419 5947 7 these these DT 35419 5947 8 problems problem NNS 35419 5947 9 are be VBP 35419 5947 10 of of IN 35419 5947 11 superior superior JJ 35419 5947 12 quality quality NN 35419 5947 13 . . . 35419 5948 1 It -PRON- PRP 35419 5948 2 is be VBZ 35419 5948 3 in in IN 35419 5948 4 every every DT 35419 5948 5 respect respect NN 35419 5948 6 an an DT 35419 5948 7 excellent excellent JJ 35419 5948 8 collection collection NN 35419 5948 9 . . . 35419 5949 1 PROBLEMS PROBLEMS NNP 35419 5949 2 IN in IN 35419 5949 3 MECHANICAL MECHANICAL NNP 35419 5949 4 DRAWING drawing NN 35419 5949 5 . . . 35419 5950 1 By by IN 35419 5950 2 Charles Charles NNP 35419 5950 3 A. A. NNP 35419 5950 4 Bennett Bennett NNP 35419 5950 5 . . . 35419 5951 1 This this DT 35419 5951 2 book book NN 35419 5951 3 consists consist VBZ 35419 5951 4 of of IN 35419 5951 5 80 80 CD 35419 5951 6 plates plate NNS 35419 5951 7 and and CC 35419 5951 8 a a DT 35419 5951 9 few few JJ 35419 5951 10 explanatory explanatory JJ 35419 5951 11 notes note NNS 35419 5951 12 . . . 35419 5952 1 Its -PRON- PRP$ 35419 5952 2 purpose purpose NN 35419 5952 3 is be VBZ 35419 5952 4 to to TO 35419 5952 5 furnish furnish VB 35419 5952 6 teachers teacher NNS 35419 5952 7 of of IN 35419 5952 8 classes class NNS 35419 5952 9 beginning begin VBG 35419 5952 10 mechanical mechanical JJ 35419 5952 11 drawing drawing NN 35419 5952 12 with with IN 35419 5952 13 a a DT 35419 5952 14 large large JJ 35419 5952 15 number number NN 35419 5952 16 of of IN 35419 5952 17 simple simple JJ 35419 5952 18 , , , 35419 5952 19 practical practical JJ 35419 5952 20 problems problem NNS 35419 5952 21 . . . 35419 5953 1 These these DT 35419 5953 2 have have VBP 35419 5953 3 been be VBN 35419 5953 4 selected select VBN 35419 5953 5 with with IN 35419 5953 6 reference reference NN 35419 5953 7 to to IN 35419 5953 8 the the DT 35419 5953 9 formation formation NN 35419 5953 10 of of IN 35419 5953 11 good good JJ 35419 5953 12 habits habit NNS 35419 5953 13 in in IN 35419 5953 14 technique technique NN 35419 5953 15 , , , 35419 5953 16 the the DT 35419 5953 17 interest interest NN 35419 5953 18 of of IN 35419 5953 19 the the DT 35419 5953 20 pupils pupil NNS 35419 5953 21 , , , 35419 5953 22 and and CC 35419 5953 23 the the DT 35419 5953 24 subjects subject NNS 35419 5953 25 generally generally RB 35419 5953 26 included include VBN 35419 5953 27 in in IN 35419 5953 28 a a DT 35419 5953 29 grammar grammar NN 35419 5953 30 and and CC 35419 5953 31 first first JJ 35419 5953 32 - - HYPH 35419 5953 33 year year NN 35419 5953 34 high high JJ 35419 5953 35 school school NN 35419 5953 36 course course NN 35419 5953 37 . . . 35419 5954 1 Each each DT 35419 5954 2 problem problem NN 35419 5954 3 given give VBN 35419 5954 4 is be VBZ 35419 5954 5 unsolved unsolved JJ 35419 5954 6 and and CC 35419 5954 7 therefore therefore RB 35419 5954 8 in in IN 35419 5954 9 proper proper JJ 35419 5954 10 form form NN 35419 5954 11 to to TO 35419 5954 12 hand hand VB 35419 5954 13 to to IN 35419 5954 14 the the DT 35419 5954 15 pupil pupil NN 35419 5954 16 for for IN 35419 5954 17 solution solution NN 35419 5954 18 . . . 35419 5955 1 MECHANICAL MECHANICAL NNP 35419 5955 2 DRAWING draw VBG 35419 5955 3 PROBLEMS PROBLEMS NNP 35419 5955 4 . . . 35419 5956 1 By by IN 35419 5956 2 Edward Edward NNP 35419 5956 3 Berg Berg NNP 35419 5956 4 and and CC 35419 5956 5 Emil Emil NNP 35419 5956 6 F. F. NNP 35419 5956 7 Kronquist Kronquist NNP 35419 5956 8 . . . 35419 5957 1 A a DT 35419 5957 2 direct direct JJ 35419 5957 3 and and CC 35419 5957 4 concise concise JJ 35419 5957 5 text text NN 35419 5957 6 adapted adapt VBD 35419 5957 7 for for IN 35419 5957 8 high high JJ 35419 5957 9 school school NN 35419 5957 10 students student NNS 35419 5957 11 beginning begin VBG 35419 5957 12 mechanical mechanical JJ 35419 5957 13 drawing drawing NN 35419 5957 14 . . . 35419 5958 1 It -PRON- PRP 35419 5958 2 covers cover VBZ 35419 5958 3 two two CD 35419 5958 4 year year NN 35419 5958 5 's 's POS 35419 5958 6 work work NN 35419 5958 7 and and CC 35419 5958 8 contains contain VBZ 35419 5958 9 128 128 CD 35419 5958 10 full full JJ 35419 5958 11 - - HYPH 35419 5958 12 page page NN 35419 5958 13 plates plate NNS 35419 5958 14 -- -- : 35419 5958 15 excellent excellent JJ 35419 5958 16 examples example NNS 35419 5958 17 of of IN 35419 5958 18 draftsmanship draftsmanship NN 35419 5958 19 . . . 35419 5959 1 Text text NN 35419 5959 2 accompanies accompany VBZ 35419 5959 3 each each DT 35419 5959 4 plate plate NN 35419 5959 5 , , , 35419 5959 6 giving give VBG 35419 5959 7 necessary necessary JJ 35419 5959 8 facts fact NNS 35419 5959 9 and and CC 35419 5959 10 helpful helpful JJ 35419 5959 11 hints hint NNS 35419 5959 12 wherever wherever WRB 35419 5959 13 needed need VBN 35419 5959 14 . . . 35419 5960 1 The the DT 35419 5960 2 underlying underlie VBG 35419 5960 3 principles principle NNS 35419 5960 4 of of IN 35419 5960 5 drafting draft VBG 35419 5960 6 are be VBP 35419 5960 7 thoroly thoroly JJ 35419 5960 8 covered cover VBN 35419 5960 9 and and CC 35419 5960 10 the the DT 35419 5960 11 practical practical JJ 35419 5960 12 applications application NNS 35419 5960 13 , , , 35419 5960 14 which which WDT 35419 5960 15 are be VBP 35419 5960 16 abundant abundant JJ 35419 5960 17 , , , 35419 5960 18 have have VBP 35419 5960 19 been be VBN 35419 5960 20 most most RBS 35419 5960 21 skilfully skilfully RB 35419 5960 22 chosen choose VBN 35419 5960 23 and and CC 35419 5960 24 admirably admirably RB 35419 5960 25 presented present VBN 35419 5960 26 . . . 35419 5961 1 The the DT 35419 5961 2 plates plate NNS 35419 5961 3 tell tell VBP 35419 5961 4 what what WP 35419 5961 5 to to TO 35419 5961 6 do do VB 35419 5961 7 , , , 35419 5961 8 almost almost RB 35419 5961 9 at at IN 35419 5961 10 a a DT 35419 5961 11 glance glance NN 35419 5961 12 , , , 35419 5961 13 yet yet RB 35419 5961 14 prevent prevent VB 35419 5961 15 mere mere JJ 35419 5961 16 copy copy NN 35419 5961 17 work work NN 35419 5961 18 . . . 35419 5962 1 Each each DT 35419 5962 2 problem problem NN 35419 5962 3 tests test VBZ 35419 5962 4 the the DT 35419 5962 5 ability ability NN 35419 5962 6 of of IN 35419 5962 7 the the DT 35419 5962 8 student student NN 35419 5962 9 to to TO 35419 5962 10 think think VB 35419 5962 11 and and CC 35419 5962 12 execute execute VB 35419 5962 13 graphically graphically RB 35419 5962 14 and and CC 35419 5962 15 unconsciously unconsciously RB 35419 5962 16 develops develop VBZ 35419 5962 17 an an DT 35419 5962 18 excellent excellent JJ 35419 5962 19 technique technique NN 35419 5962 20 . . . 35419 5963 1 MECHANICAL MECHANICAL NNP 35419 5963 2 DRAFTING drafting NN 35419 5963 3 . . . 35419 5964 1 By by IN 35419 5964 2 W. W. NNP 35419 5964 3 H. H. NNP 35419 5964 4 Miller Miller NNP 35419 5964 5 . . . 35419 5965 1 ( ( -LRB- 35419 5965 2 Revised revise VBN 35419 5965 3 edition edition NN 35419 5965 4 ) ) -RRB- 35419 5965 5 . . . 35419 5966 1 A a DT 35419 5966 2 textbook textbook NN 35419 5966 3 for for IN 35419 5966 4 advanced advanced JJ 35419 5966 5 high high JJ 35419 5966 6 school school NN 35419 5966 7 students student NNS 35419 5966 8 which which WDT 35419 5966 9 presents present VBZ 35419 5966 10 drafting drafting NN 35419 5966 11 room room NN 35419 5966 12 practice practice NN 35419 5966 13 in in IN 35419 5966 14 practical practical JJ 35419 5966 15 textbook textbook NN 35419 5966 16 form form NN 35419 5966 17 . . . 35419 5967 1 It -PRON- PRP 35419 5967 2 is be VBZ 35419 5967 3 so so RB 35419 5967 4 written write VBN 35419 5967 5 that that IN 35419 5967 6 it -PRON- PRP 35419 5967 7 may may MD 35419 5967 8 be be VB 35419 5967 9 used use VBN 35419 5967 10 with with IN 35419 5967 11 any any DT 35419 5967 12 course course NN 35419 5967 13 of of IN 35419 5967 14 exercises exercise NNS 35419 5967 15 or or CC 35419 5967 16 problems problem NNS 35419 5967 17 and and CC 35419 5967 18 supplements supplement VBZ 35419 5967 19 the the DT 35419 5967 20 instruction instruction NN 35419 5967 21 of of IN 35419 5967 22 the the DT 35419 5967 23 teacher teacher NN 35419 5967 24 in in IN 35419 5967 25 such such PDT 35419 5967 26 a a DT 35419 5967 27 way way NN 35419 5967 28 as as IN 35419 5967 29 to to TO 35419 5967 30 reduce reduce VB 35419 5967 31 lecture lecture NN 35419 5967 32 work work NN 35419 5967 33 to to IN 35419 5967 34 a a DT 35419 5967 35 minimum minimum NN 35419 5967 36 . . . 35419 5968 1 It -PRON- PRP 35419 5968 2 is be VBZ 35419 5968 3 a a DT 35419 5968 4 direct direct JJ 35419 5968 5 and and CC 35419 5968 6 simple simple JJ 35419 5968 7 treatment treatment NN 35419 5968 8 of of IN 35419 5968 9 mechanical mechanical JJ 35419 5968 10 drafting drafting NN 35419 5968 11 , , , 35419 5968 12 giving give VBG 35419 5968 13 due due JJ 35419 5968 14 consideration consideration NN 35419 5968 15 to to IN 35419 5968 16 the the DT 35419 5968 17 needs need NNS 35419 5968 18 of of IN 35419 5968 19 the the DT 35419 5968 20 student student NN 35419 5968 21 , , , 35419 5968 22 the the DT 35419 5968 23 beginning begin VBG 35419 5968 24 draftsman draftsman NN 35419 5968 25 and and CC 35419 5968 26 the the DT 35419 5968 27 requirements requirement NNS 35419 5968 28 of of IN 35419 5968 29 the the DT 35419 5968 30 best good JJS 35419 5968 31 teaching teaching NN 35419 5968 32 methods method NNS 35419 5968 33 . . . 35419 5969 1 It -PRON- PRP 35419 5969 2 is be VBZ 35419 5969 3 complete complete JJ 35419 5969 4 , , , 35419 5969 5 yet yet CC 35419 5969 6 condensed condense VBN 35419 5969 7 and and CC 35419 5969 8 is be VBZ 35419 5969 9 well well RB 35419 5969 10 adapted adapt VBN 35419 5969 11 for for IN 35419 5969 12 handbook handbook NN 35419 5969 13 use use NN 35419 5969 14 by by IN 35419 5969 15 the the DT 35419 5969 16 student student NN 35419 5969 17 and and CC 35419 5969 18 draftsman draftsman NN 35419 5969 19 . . . 35419 5970 1 It -PRON- PRP 35419 5970 2 is be VBZ 35419 5970 3 well well RB 35419 5970 4 illustrated illustrated JJ 35419 5970 5 and and CC 35419 5970 6 is be VBZ 35419 5970 7 bound bind VBN 35419 5970 8 in in IN 35419 5970 9 flexible flexible JJ 35419 5970 10 binding binding NN 35419 5970 11 , , , 35419 5970 12 pocket pocket NN 35419 5970 13 size size NN 35419 5970 14 . . . 35419 5971 1 A a DT 35419 5971 2 thoroughly thoroughly RB 35419 5971 3 practical practical JJ 35419 5971 4 , , , 35419 5971 5 modern modern JJ 35419 5971 6 textbook textbook NN 35419 5971 7 . . . 35419 5972 1 GRAMMAR GRAMMAR VBD 35419 5972 2 GRADE grade NN 35419 5972 3 PROBLEMS problem NNS 35419 5972 4 IN in IN 35419 5972 5 MECHANICAL mechanical NN 35419 5972 6 DRAWING drawing NN 35419 5972 7 . . . 35419 5973 1 By by IN 35419 5973 2 Charles Charles NNP 35419 5973 3 A. A. NNP 35419 5973 4 Bennett Bennett NNP 35419 5973 5 . . . 35419 5974 1 A a DT 35419 5974 2 remarkably remarkably RB 35419 5974 3 simple simple JJ 35419 5974 4 and and CC 35419 5974 5 carefully carefully RB 35419 5974 6 graded grade VBD 35419 5974 7 treatment treatment NN 35419 5974 8 of of IN 35419 5974 9 the the DT 35419 5974 10 fundamentals fundamental NNS 35419 5974 11 of of IN 35419 5974 12 mechanical mechanical JJ 35419 5974 13 drawing drawing NN 35419 5974 14 for for IN 35419 5974 15 the the DT 35419 5974 16 use use NN 35419 5974 17 of of IN 35419 5974 18 students student NNS 35419 5974 19 in in IN 35419 5974 20 the the DT 35419 5974 21 7th 7th JJ 35419 5974 22 and and CC 35419 5974 23 8th 8th JJ 35419 5974 24 grades grade NNS 35419 5974 25 . . . 35419 5975 1 It -PRON- PRP 35419 5975 2 combines combine VBZ 35419 5975 3 an an DT 35419 5975 4 abundance abundance NN 35419 5975 5 of of IN 35419 5975 6 text text NN 35419 5975 7 and and CC 35419 5975 8 simple simple JJ 35419 5975 9 problems problem NNS 35419 5975 10 , , , 35419 5975 11 accompanied accompany VBN 35419 5975 12 by by IN 35419 5975 13 notes note NNS 35419 5975 14 and and CC 35419 5975 15 directions direction NNS 35419 5975 16 . . . 35419 5976 1 Its -PRON- PRP$ 35419 5976 2 use use NN 35419 5976 3 insures insure VBZ 35419 5976 4 the the DT 35419 5976 5 early early JJ 35419 5976 6 formation formation NN 35419 5976 7 of of IN 35419 5976 8 correct correct JJ 35419 5976 9 habits habit NNS 35419 5976 10 of of IN 35419 5976 11 technique technique NN 35419 5976 12 and and CC 35419 5976 13 makes make VBZ 35419 5976 14 possible possible JJ 35419 5976 15 the the DT 35419 5976 16 development development NN 35419 5976 17 of of IN 35419 5976 18 a a DT 35419 5976 19 standard standard NN 35419 5976 20 in in IN 35419 5976 21 grammar grammar NNP 35419 5976 22 grade grade NN 35419 5976 23 mechanical mechanical JJ 35419 5976 24 drawing drawing NN 35419 5976 25 parallel parallel NN 35419 5976 26 with with IN 35419 5976 27 woodworking woodworking NN 35419 5976 28 . . . 35419 5977 1 Abundantly abundantly RB 35419 5977 2 and and CC 35419 5977 3 well well RB 35419 5977 4 illustrated illustrate VBN 35419 5977 5 . . . 35419 5978 1 MECHANICAL MECHANICAL NNS 35419 5978 2 DRAWING draw VBG 35419 5978 3 FOR for IN 35419 5978 4 BEGINNERS beginner NNS 35419 5978 5 . . . 35419 5979 1 By by IN 35419 5979 2 Charles Charles NNP 35419 5979 3 H. H. NNP 35419 5979 4 Bailey Bailey NNP 35419 5979 5 . . . 35419 5980 1 A a DT 35419 5980 2 textbook textbook NN 35419 5980 3 suitable suitable JJ 35419 5980 4 wherever wherever WRB 35419 5980 5 this this DT 35419 5980 6 subject subject NN 35419 5980 7 is be VBZ 35419 5980 8 taught teach VBN 35419 5980 9 to to IN 35419 5980 10 beginners beginner NNS 35419 5980 11 , , , 35419 5980 12 in in IN 35419 5980 13 Junior Junior NNP 35419 5980 14 High High NNP 35419 5980 15 Schools Schools NNP 35419 5980 16 , , , 35419 5980 17 High High NNP 35419 5980 18 and and CC 35419 5980 19 Continuation Continuation NNP 35419 5980 20 Schools Schools NNP 35419 5980 21 . . . 35419 5981 1 It -PRON- PRP 35419 5981 2 successfully successfully RB 35419 5981 3 combines combine VBZ 35419 5981 4 instructions instruction NNS 35419 5981 5 which which WDT 35419 5981 6 are be VBP 35419 5981 7 minute minute JJ 35419 5981 8 and and CC 35419 5981 9 complete complete JJ 35419 5981 10 , , , 35419 5981 11 with with IN 35419 5981 12 problems problem NNS 35419 5981 13 , , , 35419 5981 14 gradually gradually RB 35419 5981 15 leading lead VBG 35419 5981 16 the the DT 35419 5981 17 student student NN 35419 5981 18 to to TO 35419 5981 19 learn learn VB 35419 5981 20 with with IN 35419 5981 21 little little JJ 35419 5981 22 or or CC 35419 5981 23 no no DT 35419 5981 24 other other JJ 35419 5981 25 help help NN 35419 5981 26 , , , 35419 5981 27 the the DT 35419 5981 28 essentials essential NNS 35419 5981 29 and and CC 35419 5981 30 technique technique NN 35419 5981 31 of of IN 35419 5981 32 the the DT 35419 5981 33 work work NN 35419 5981 34 . . . 35419 5982 1 The the DT 35419 5982 2 matter matter NN 35419 5982 3 is be VBZ 35419 5982 4 condensed condense VBN 35419 5982 5 but but CC 35419 5982 6 leaves leave VBZ 35419 5982 7 no no DT 35419 5982 8 important important JJ 35419 5982 9 points point NNS 35419 5982 10 not not RB 35419 5982 11 covered cover VBN 35419 5982 12 . . . 35419 5983 1 PROGRESSIVE progressive JJ 35419 5983 2 STEPS step NNS 35419 5983 3 IN in IN 35419 5983 4 ARCHITECTURAL ARCHITECTURAL NNP 35419 5983 5 DRAWING drawing NN 35419 5983 6 . . . 35419 5984 1 By by IN 35419 5984 2 George George NNP 35419 5984 3 W. W. NNP 35419 5984 4 Seaman Seaman NNP 35419 5984 5 . . . 35419 5985 1 A a DT 35419 5985 2 textbook textbook NN 35419 5985 3 and and CC 35419 5985 4 practical practical JJ 35419 5985 5 handbook handbook NN 35419 5985 6 , , , 35419 5985 7 describing describe VBG 35419 5985 8 and and CC 35419 5985 9 illustrating illustrate VBG 35419 5985 10 every every DT 35419 5985 11 successive successive JJ 35419 5985 12 step step NN 35419 5985 13 in in IN 35419 5985 14 drawing drawing NN 35419 5985 15 of of IN 35419 5985 16 floor floor NN 35419 5985 17 plans plan NNS 35419 5985 18 , , , 35419 5985 19 elevations elevation NNS 35419 5985 20 and and CC 35419 5985 21 various various JJ 35419 5985 22 details detail NNS 35419 5985 23 for for IN 35419 5985 24 successful successful JJ 35419 5985 25 dwellings dwelling NNS 35419 5985 26 . . . 35419 5986 1 Numerous numerous JJ 35419 5986 2 plates plate NNS 35419 5986 3 illustrate illustrate VBP 35419 5986 4 details detail NNS 35419 5986 5 of of IN 35419 5986 6 doors door NNS 35419 5986 7 , , , 35419 5986 8 windows window NNS 35419 5986 9 , , , 35419 5986 10 mouldings moulding NNS 35419 5986 11 , , , 35419 5986 12 cornices cornice NNS 35419 5986 13 , , , 35419 5986 14 porches porch NNS 35419 5986 15 , , , 35419 5986 16 etc etc FW 35419 5986 17 . . . 35419 5987 1 Architectural architectural JJ 35419 5987 2 orders order NNS 35419 5987 3 shown show VBN 35419 5987 4 in in IN 35419 5987 5 practical practical JJ 35419 5987 6 working working NN 35419 5987 7 forms form NNS 35419 5987 8 . . . 35419 5988 1 " " `` 35419 5988 2 Single single JJ 35419 5988 3 line line NN 35419 5988 4 sketches sketch VBZ 35419 5988 5 " " `` 35419 5988 6 illustrate illustrate JJ 35419 5988 7 method method NN 35419 5988 8 of of IN 35419 5988 9 practical practical JJ 35419 5988 10 designer designer NN 35419 5988 11 in in IN 35419 5988 12 planning plan VBG 35419 5988 13 a a DT 35419 5988 14 house house NN 35419 5988 15 . . . 35419 5989 1 ARCHITECTURAL ARCHITECTURAL NNP 35419 5989 2 DRAWING draw VBG 35419 5989 3 PLATES plate NNS 35419 5989 4 . . . 35419 5990 1 By by IN 35419 5990 2 Franklin Franklin NNP 35419 5990 3 G. G. NNP 35419 5990 4 Elwood Elwood NNP 35419 5990 5 . . . 35419 5991 1 A a DT 35419 5991 2 collection collection NN 35419 5991 3 of of IN 35419 5991 4 15 15 CD 35419 5991 5 plates plate NNS 35419 5991 6 showing show VBG 35419 5991 7 the the DT 35419 5991 8 various various JJ 35419 5991 9 details detail NNS 35419 5991 10 included include VBN 35419 5991 11 in in IN 35419 5991 12 the the DT 35419 5991 13 plans plan NNS 35419 5991 14 for for IN 35419 5991 15 frame frame NN 35419 5991 16 houses house NNS 35419 5991 17 . . . 35419 5992 1 Names name NNS 35419 5992 2 and and CC 35419 5992 3 typical typical JJ 35419 5992 4 sizes size NNS 35419 5992 5 are be VBP 35419 5992 6 given give VBN 35419 5992 7 and and CC 35419 5992 8 much much JJ 35419 5992 9 information information NN 35419 5992 10 helpful helpful JJ 35419 5992 11 to to IN 35419 5992 12 the the DT 35419 5992 13 student student NN 35419 5992 14 or or CC 35419 5992 15 draftsman draftsman NN 35419 5992 16 . . . 35419 5993 1 One one CD 35419 5993 2 plate plate NN 35419 5993 3 shows show VBZ 35419 5993 4 eleven eleven CD 35419 5993 5 " " `` 35419 5993 6 Plan Plan NNP 35419 5993 7 Studies Studies NNPS 35419 5993 8 , , , 35419 5993 9 " " '' 35419 5993 10 another another DT 35419 5993 11 " " `` 35419 5993 12 How how WRB 35419 5993 13 Elevations elevation NNS 35419 5993 14 are be VBP 35419 5993 15 Worked work VBN 35419 5993 16 Up up RP 35419 5993 17 from from IN 35419 5993 18 Plans Plans NNPS 35419 5993 19 and and CC 35419 5993 20 Sections Sections NNPS 35419 5993 21 . . . 35419 5993 22 " " '' 35419 5994 1 A a DT 35419 5994 2 wonderfully wonderfully RB 35419 5994 3 convenient convenient JJ 35419 5994 4 help help NN 35419 5994 5 in in IN 35419 5994 6 architectural architectural JJ 35419 5994 7 drawing drawing NN 35419 5994 8 . . . 35419 5995 1 SIMPLIFIED SIMPLIFIED NNP 35419 5995 2 MECHANICAL MECHANICAL NNP 35419 5995 3 PERSPECTIVE PERSPECTIVE NNP 35419 5995 4 . . . 35419 5996 1 By by IN 35419 5996 2 Frank Frank NNP 35419 5996 3 Forrest Forrest NNP 35419 5996 4 Frederick Frederick NNP 35419 5996 5 . . . 35419 5997 1 A a DT 35419 5997 2 book book NN 35419 5997 3 of of IN 35419 5997 4 simple simple JJ 35419 5997 5 problems problem NNS 35419 5997 6 covering cover VBG 35419 5997 7 the the DT 35419 5997 8 essentials essential NNS 35419 5997 9 of of IN 35419 5997 10 mechanical mechanical JJ 35419 5997 11 perspective perspective NN 35419 5997 12 . . . 35419 5998 1 It -PRON- PRP 35419 5998 2 is be VBZ 35419 5998 3 planned plan VBN 35419 5998 4 for for IN 35419 5998 5 pupils pupil NNS 35419 5998 6 of of IN 35419 5998 7 high high JJ 35419 5998 8 school school NN 35419 5998 9 age age NN 35419 5998 10 who who WP 35419 5998 11 have have VBP 35419 5998 12 already already RB 35419 5998 13 received receive VBN 35419 5998 14 some some DT 35419 5998 15 elementary elementary JJ 35419 5998 16 training training NN 35419 5998 17 in in IN 35419 5998 18 mechanical mechanical JJ 35419 5998 19 drawing drawing NN 35419 5998 20 . . . 35419 5999 1 It -PRON- PRP 35419 5999 2 is be VBZ 35419 5999 3 simple simple JJ 35419 5999 4 , , , 35419 5999 5 direct direct JJ 35419 5999 6 and and CC 35419 5999 7 practical practical JJ 35419 5999 8 . . . 35419 6000 1 WOODWORK WOODWORK NNP 35419 6000 2 FOR for IN 35419 6000 3 SECONDARY SECONDARY NNP 35419 6000 4 SCHOOLS school NNS 35419 6000 5 . . . 35419 6001 1 By by IN 35419 6001 2 Ira Ira NNP 35419 6001 3 S. S. NNP 35419 6001 4 Griffith Griffith NNP 35419 6001 5 . . . 35419 6002 1 The the DT 35419 6002 2 most most RBS 35419 6002 3 complete complete JJ 35419 6002 4 and and CC 35419 6002 5 comprehensive comprehensive JJ 35419 6002 6 textbook textbook NN 35419 6002 7 on on IN 35419 6002 8 secondary secondary JJ 35419 6002 9 school school NN 35419 6002 10 woodworking woodworking NN 35419 6002 11 ever ever RB 35419 6002 12 published publish VBN 35419 6002 13 . . . 35419 6003 1 Treats treat NNS 35419 6003 2 of of IN 35419 6003 3 Common Common NNP 35419 6003 4 Woods Woods NNPS 35419 6003 5 , , , 35419 6003 6 Tools Tools NNPS 35419 6003 7 and and CC 35419 6003 8 Processes Processes NNPS 35419 6003 9 , , , 35419 6003 10 Woodworking Woodworking NNP 35419 6003 11 Machines Machines NNPS 35419 6003 12 , , , 35419 6003 13 Joinery Joinery NNP 35419 6003 14 , , , 35419 6003 15 Wood wood NN 35419 6003 16 - - HYPH 35419 6003 17 Turning Turning NNP 35419 6003 18 , , , 35419 6003 19 Inlaying Inlaying NNP 35419 6003 20 and and CC 35419 6003 21 Wood Wood NNP 35419 6003 22 Carving Carving NNP 35419 6003 23 , , , 35419 6003 24 Wood Wood NNP 35419 6003 25 Finishing Finishing NNP 35419 6003 26 , , , 35419 6003 27 Furniture furniture NN 35419 6003 28 Construction Construction NNP 35419 6003 29 , , , 35419 6003 30 Pattern pattern NN 35419 6003 31 - - HYPH 35419 6003 32 Making making NN 35419 6003 33 . . . 35419 6004 1 Although although IN 35419 6004 2 written write VBN 35419 6004 3 for for IN 35419 6004 4 the the DT 35419 6004 5 student student NN 35419 6004 6 , , , 35419 6004 7 every every DT 35419 6004 8 teacher teacher NN 35419 6004 9 of of IN 35419 6004 10 high high JJ 35419 6004 11 school school NN 35419 6004 12 or or CC 35419 6004 13 normal normal JJ 35419 6004 14 school school NN 35419 6004 15 woodwork woodwork NN 35419 6004 16 will will MD 35419 6004 17 find find VB 35419 6004 18 this this DT 35419 6004 19 text text NN 35419 6004 20 a a DT 35419 6004 21 valuable valuable JJ 35419 6004 22 and and CC 35419 6004 23 necessary necessary JJ 35419 6004 24 volume volume NN 35419 6004 25 for for IN 35419 6004 26 reference reference NN 35419 6004 27 use use NN 35419 6004 28 . . . 35419 6005 1 It -PRON- PRP 35419 6005 2 contains contain VBZ 35419 6005 3 370 370 CD 35419 6005 4 pages page NNS 35419 6005 5 and and CC 35419 6005 6 580 580 CD 35419 6005 7 special special JJ 35419 6005 8 illustrations illustration NNS 35419 6005 9 . . . 35419 6006 1 CARPENTRY CARPENTRY NNS 35419 6006 2 . . . 35419 6007 1 By by IN 35419 6007 2 Ira Ira NNP 35419 6007 3 S. S. NNP 35419 6007 4 Griffith Griffith NNP 35419 6007 5 . . . 35419 6008 1 A a DT 35419 6008 2 well well RB 35419 6008 3 illustrated illustrate VBN 35419 6008 4 textbook textbook NN 35419 6008 5 for for IN 35419 6008 6 use use NN 35419 6008 7 in in IN 35419 6008 8 vocational vocational JJ 35419 6008 9 schools school NNS 35419 6008 10 , , , 35419 6008 11 trade trade NN 35419 6008 12 schools school NNS 35419 6008 13 , , , 35419 6008 14 technical technical JJ 35419 6008 15 schools school NNS 35419 6008 16 , , , 35419 6008 17 and and CC 35419 6008 18 by by IN 35419 6008 19 apprentices apprentice NNS 35419 6008 20 to to IN 35419 6008 21 the the DT 35419 6008 22 trade trade NN 35419 6008 23 , , , 35419 6008 24 presenting present VBG 35419 6008 25 the the DT 35419 6008 26 principles principle NNS 35419 6008 27 of of IN 35419 6008 28 house house NN 35419 6008 29 construction construction NN 35419 6008 30 in in IN 35419 6008 31 a a DT 35419 6008 32 clear clear JJ 35419 6008 33 and and CC 35419 6008 34 fundamental fundamental JJ 35419 6008 35 way way NN 35419 6008 36 . . . 35419 6009 1 It -PRON- PRP 35419 6009 2 treats treat VBZ 35419 6009 3 of of IN 35419 6009 4 the the DT 35419 6009 5 " " `` 35419 6009 6 everyday everyday JJ 35419 6009 7 " " '' 35419 6009 8 practical practical JJ 35419 6009 9 problems problem NNS 35419 6009 10 of of IN 35419 6009 11 the the DT 35419 6009 12 carpenter carpenter NN 35419 6009 13 and and CC 35419 6009 14 house house NNP 35419 6009 15 builder builder NN 35419 6009 16 from from IN 35419 6009 17 the the DT 35419 6009 18 " " `` 35419 6009 19 laying laying NN 35419 6009 20 of of IN 35419 6009 21 foundations foundation NNS 35419 6009 22 " " '' 35419 6009 23 to to IN 35419 6009 24 the the DT 35419 6009 25 completion completion NN 35419 6009 26 of of IN 35419 6009 27 the the DT 35419 6009 28 " " `` 35419 6009 29 interior interior JJ 35419 6009 30 finish finish NN 35419 6009 31 . . . 35419 6009 32 " " '' 35419 6010 1 It -PRON- PRP 35419 6010 2 meets meet VBZ 35419 6010 3 every every DT 35419 6010 4 requirement requirement NN 35419 6010 5 as as IN 35419 6010 6 a a DT 35419 6010 7 textbook textbook NN 35419 6010 8 and and CC 35419 6010 9 is be VBZ 35419 6010 10 also also RB 35419 6010 11 well well RB 35419 6010 12 adapted adapt VBN 35419 6010 13 for for IN 35419 6010 14 reference reference NN 35419 6010 15 use use NN 35419 6010 16 . . . 35419 6011 1 It -PRON- PRP 35419 6011 2 is be VBZ 35419 6011 3 well well RB 35419 6011 4 illustrated illustrate VBN 35419 6011 5 by by IN 35419 6011 6 photographs photograph NNS 35419 6011 7 taken take VBN 35419 6011 8 " " '' 35419 6011 9 on on IN 35419 6011 10 the the DT 35419 6011 11 job job NN 35419 6011 12 . . . 35419 6011 13 " " '' 35419 6012 1 BOY boy NN 35419 6012 2 ACTIVITY activity NN 35419 6012 3 PROJECTS project NNS 35419 6012 4 . . . 35419 6013 1 By by IN 35419 6013 2 Samuel Samuel NNP 35419 6013 3 A. A. NNP 35419 6013 4 Blackburn Blackburn NNP 35419 6013 5 . . . 35419 6014 1 A a DT 35419 6014 2 book book NN 35419 6014 3 of of IN 35419 6014 4 full full JJ 35419 6014 5 - - HYPH 35419 6014 6 page page NN 35419 6014 7 plates plate NNS 35419 6014 8 and and CC 35419 6014 9 accompanying accompany VBG 35419 6014 10 text text NN 35419 6014 11 giving give VBG 35419 6014 12 complete complete JJ 35419 6014 13 directions direction NNS 35419 6014 14 for for IN 35419 6014 15 making make VBG 35419 6014 16 86 86 CD 35419 6014 17 projects project NNS 35419 6014 18 of of IN 35419 6014 19 interest interest NN 35419 6014 20 to to IN 35419 6014 21 the the DT 35419 6014 22 energetic energetic JJ 35419 6014 23 American american JJ 35419 6014 24 boy boy NN 35419 6014 25 . . . 35419 6015 1 The the DT 35419 6015 2 projects project NNS 35419 6015 3 are be VBP 35419 6015 4 for for IN 35419 6015 5 the the DT 35419 6015 6 school school NN 35419 6015 7 , , , 35419 6015 8 the the DT 35419 6015 9 home home NN 35419 6015 10 , , , 35419 6015 11 the the DT 35419 6015 12 playground playground NN 35419 6015 13 , , , 35419 6015 14 the the DT 35419 6015 15 camp camp NN 35419 6015 16 , , , 35419 6015 17 the the DT 35419 6015 18 out out JJ 35419 6015 19 - - HYPH 35419 6015 20 of of IN 35419 6015 21 - - HYPH 35419 6015 22 doors door NNS 35419 6015 23 , , , 35419 6015 24 and and CC 35419 6015 25 include include VBP 35419 6015 26 a a DT 35419 6015 27 complete complete JJ 35419 6015 28 wireless wireless JJ 35419 6015 29 telegraph telegraph NN 35419 6015 30 apparatus apparatus NN 35419 6015 31 . . . 35419 6016 1 The the DT 35419 6016 2 plates plate NNS 35419 6016 3 give give VBP 35419 6016 4 every every DT 35419 6016 5 required require VBN 35419 6016 6 dimension dimension NN 35419 6016 7 , , , 35419 6016 8 and and CC 35419 6016 9 show show VB 35419 6016 10 each each DT 35419 6016 11 project project NN 35419 6016 12 complete complete JJ 35419 6016 13 and and CC 35419 6016 14 in in IN 35419 6016 15 detail detail NN 35419 6016 16 . . . 35419 6017 1 The the DT 35419 6017 2 text text NN 35419 6017 3 is be VBZ 35419 6017 4 in in IN 35419 6017 5 reality reality NN 35419 6017 6 working work VBG 35419 6017 7 directions direction NNS 35419 6017 8 telling tell VBG 35419 6017 9 just just RB 35419 6017 10 " " `` 35419 6017 11 how how WRB 35419 6017 12 to to TO 35419 6017 13 make make VB 35419 6017 14 , , , 35419 6017 15 " " '' 35419 6017 16 including include VBG 35419 6017 17 bills bill NNS 35419 6017 18 of of IN 35419 6017 19 material material NN 35419 6017 20 , , , 35419 6017 21 lists list NNS 35419 6017 22 of of IN 35419 6017 23 tools tool NNS 35419 6017 24 required require VBN 35419 6017 25 , , , 35419 6017 26 etc etc FW 35419 6017 27 . . . 35419 6018 1 A a DT 35419 6018 2 thoroly thoroly JJ 35419 6018 3 practical practical JJ 35419 6018 4 and and CC 35419 6018 5 suggestive suggestive JJ 35419 6018 6 book book NN 35419 6018 7 for for IN 35419 6018 8 school school NN 35419 6018 9 use use NN 35419 6018 10 and and CC 35419 6018 11 rich rich JJ 35419 6018 12 in in IN 35419 6018 13 inspiration inspiration NN 35419 6018 14 for for IN 35419 6018 15 the the DT 35419 6018 16 boy boy NN 35419 6018 17 in in IN 35419 6018 18 his -PRON- PRP$ 35419 6018 19 own own JJ 35419 6018 20 home home NN 35419 6018 21 shop shop NN 35419 6018 22 . . . 35419 6019 1 SEAT SEAT NNP 35419 6019 2 WEAVING WEAVING NNP 35419 6019 3 . . . 35419 6020 1 By by IN 35419 6020 2 L. L. NNP 35419 6020 3 Day Day NNP 35419 6020 4 Perry Perry NNP 35419 6020 5 . . . 35419 6021 1 A a DT 35419 6021 2 handbook handbook NN 35419 6021 3 for for IN 35419 6021 4 teacher teacher NN 35419 6021 5 or or CC 35419 6021 6 student student NN 35419 6021 7 . . . 35419 6022 1 Tells tell VBZ 35419 6022 2 how how WRB 35419 6022 3 to to IN 35419 6022 4 cane cane NN 35419 6022 5 chairs chair NNS 35419 6022 6 , , , 35419 6022 7 how how WRB 35419 6022 8 to to TO 35419 6022 9 use use VB 35419 6022 10 cane cane NN 35419 6022 11 webbing webbing NN 35419 6022 12 , , , 35419 6022 13 how how WRB 35419 6022 14 to to TO 35419 6022 15 do do VB 35419 6022 16 rush rush NN 35419 6022 17 seating seating NN 35419 6022 18 , , , 35419 6022 19 how how WRB 35419 6022 20 to to TO 35419 6022 21 do do VB 35419 6022 22 reed reed VB 35419 6022 23 and and CC 35419 6022 24 splint splint NN 35419 6022 25 weaving weaving NN 35419 6022 26 , , , 35419 6022 27 how how WRB 35419 6022 28 to to TO 35419 6022 29 make make VB 35419 6022 30 seats seat NNS 35419 6022 31 of of IN 35419 6022 32 reeds reed NNS 35419 6022 33 and and CC 35419 6022 34 splints splint NNS 35419 6022 35 , , , 35419 6022 36 how how WRB 35419 6022 37 to to TO 35419 6022 38 prepare prepare VB 35419 6022 39 raw raw JJ 35419 6022 40 materials material NNS 35419 6022 41 , , , 35419 6022 42 how how WRB 35419 6022 43 to to TO 35419 6022 44 stain stain VB 35419 6022 45 , , , 35419 6022 46 finish finish NN 35419 6022 47 and and CC 35419 6022 48 refinish refinish NN 35419 6022 49 , , , 35419 6022 50 etc etc FW 35419 6022 51 . . . 35419 6023 1 Also also RB 35419 6023 2 treats treat NNS 35419 6023 3 of of IN 35419 6023 4 the the DT 35419 6023 5 use use NN 35419 6023 6 of of IN 35419 6023 7 cane cane NN 35419 6023 8 and and CC 35419 6023 9 other other JJ 35419 6023 10 seating seating NN 35419 6023 11 materials material NNS 35419 6023 12 as as IN 35419 6023 13 a a DT 35419 6023 14 decorative decorative JJ 35419 6023 15 element element NN 35419 6023 16 in in IN 35419 6023 17 furniture furniture NN 35419 6023 18 construction construction NN 35419 6023 19 . . . 35419 6024 1 Well well UH 35419 6024 2 illustrated illustrate VBN 35419 6024 3 , , , 35419 6024 4 practical practical JJ 35419 6024 5 and and CC 35419 6024 6 authoritative authoritative JJ 35419 6024 7 . . . 35419 6025 1 FURNITURE furniture JJ 35419 6025 2 UPHOLSTERY UPHOLSTERY NNP 35419 6025 3 FOR for IN 35419 6025 4 SCHOOLS school NNS 35419 6025 5 . . . 35419 6026 1 By by IN 35419 6026 2 Emil Emil NNP 35419 6026 3 A. A. NNP 35419 6026 4 Johnson Johnson NNP 35419 6026 5 . . . 35419 6027 1 The the DT 35419 6027 2 only only JJ 35419 6027 3 text text NN 35419 6027 4 and and CC 35419 6027 5 reference reference NN 35419 6027 6 book book NN 35419 6027 7 on on IN 35419 6027 8 upholstery upholstery NN 35419 6027 9 written write VBN 35419 6027 10 for for IN 35419 6027 11 school school NN 35419 6027 12 use use NN 35419 6027 13 . . . 35419 6028 1 Contains contain NNS 35419 6028 2 detailed detailed JJ 35419 6028 3 , , , 35419 6028 4 practical practical JJ 35419 6028 5 instructions instruction NNS 35419 6028 6 telling tell VBG 35419 6028 7 how how WRB 35419 6028 8 to to TO 35419 6028 9 upholster upholster VB 35419 6028 10 a a DT 35419 6028 11 variety variety NN 35419 6028 12 of of IN 35419 6028 13 articles article NNS 35419 6028 14 , , , 35419 6028 15 also also RB 35419 6028 16 how how WRB 35419 6028 17 to to TO 35419 6028 18 re re VB 35419 6028 19 - - VB 35419 6028 20 upholster upholster VB 35419 6028 21 old old JJ 35419 6028 22 furniture furniture NN 35419 6028 23 and and CC 35419 6028 24 how how WRB 35419 6028 25 to to TO 35419 6028 26 do do VB 35419 6028 27 spring spring NN 35419 6028 28 - - HYPH 35419 6028 29 edge edge NN 35419 6028 30 upholstery upholstery NN 35419 6028 31 work work NN 35419 6028 32 . . . 35419 6029 1 Describes describe VBZ 35419 6029 2 necessary necessary JJ 35419 6029 3 tools tool NNS 35419 6029 4 and and CC 35419 6029 5 materials material NNS 35419 6029 6 . . . 35419 6030 1 Abundantly abundantly RB 35419 6030 2 and and CC 35419 6030 3 beautifully beautifully RB 35419 6030 4 illustrated illustrate VBN 35419 6030 5 . . . 35419 6031 1 PRACTICAL PRACTICAL NNP 35419 6031 2 TYPOGRAPHY TYPOGRAPHY NNP 35419 6031 3 . . . 35419 6032 1 By by IN 35419 6032 2 George George NNP 35419 6032 3 E. E. NNP 35419 6032 4 McClellan McClellan NNP 35419 6032 5 . . . 35419 6033 1 A a DT 35419 6033 2 remarkable remarkable JJ 35419 6033 3 textbook textbook NN 35419 6033 4 for for IN 35419 6033 5 students student NNS 35419 6033 6 of of IN 35419 6033 7 printing printing NN 35419 6033 8 . . . 35419 6034 1 It -PRON- PRP 35419 6034 2 contains contain VBZ 35419 6034 3 a a DT 35419 6034 4 course course NN 35419 6034 5 of of IN 35419 6034 6 exercises exercise NNS 35419 6034 7 ready ready JJ 35419 6034 8 to to TO 35419 6034 9 place place VB 35419 6034 10 in in IN 35419 6034 11 the the DT 35419 6034 12 hands hand NNS 35419 6034 13 of of IN 35419 6034 14 pupils pupil NNS 35419 6034 15 , , , 35419 6034 16 and and CC 35419 6034 17 explains explain VBZ 35419 6034 18 and and CC 35419 6034 19 illustrates illustrate VBZ 35419 6034 20 the the DT 35419 6034 21 most most RBS 35419 6034 22 approved approve VBN 35419 6034 23 methods method NNS 35419 6034 24 used use VBN 35419 6034 25 in in IN 35419 6034 26 correct correct JJ 35419 6034 27 composition composition NN 35419 6034 28 . . . 35419 6035 1 A a DT 35419 6035 2 valuable valuable JJ 35419 6035 3 feature feature NN 35419 6035 4 of of IN 35419 6035 5 the the DT 35419 6035 6 book book NN 35419 6035 7 lies lie VBZ 35419 6035 8 in in IN 35419 6035 9 the the DT 35419 6035 10 fact fact NN 35419 6035 11 that that IN 35419 6035 12 in in IN 35419 6035 13 the the DT 35419 6035 14 early early JJ 35419 6035 15 stages stage NNS 35419 6035 16 of of IN 35419 6035 17 the the DT 35419 6035 18 course course NN 35419 6035 19 the the DT 35419 6035 20 pupil pupil NN 35419 6035 21 sets set VBZ 35419 6035 22 up up RP 35419 6035 23 in in IN 35419 6035 24 type type NN 35419 6035 25 a a DT 35419 6035 26 description description NN 35419 6035 27 of of IN 35419 6035 28 what what WP 35419 6035 29 he -PRON- PRP 35419 6035 30 is be VBZ 35419 6035 31 doing do VBG 35419 6035 32 with with IN 35419 6035 33 his -PRON- PRP$ 35419 6035 34 hands hand NNS 35419 6035 35 . . . 35419 6036 1 It -PRON- PRP 35419 6036 2 contains contain VBZ 35419 6036 3 63 63 CD 35419 6036 4 exercises exercise NNS 35419 6036 5 , , , 35419 6036 6 treating treat VBG 35419 6036 7 of of IN 35419 6036 8 composition composition NN 35419 6036 9 from from IN 35419 6036 10 " " `` 35419 6036 11 Correct Correct NNP 35419 6036 12 Spacing spacing NN 35419 6036 13 " " '' 35419 6036 14 to to IN 35419 6036 15 the the DT 35419 6036 16 " " `` 35419 6036 17 Making make VBG 35419 6036 18 up up RP 35419 6036 19 of of IN 35419 6036 20 a a DT 35419 6036 21 Book Book NNP 35419 6036 22 , , , 35419 6036 23 " " '' 35419 6036 24 and and CC 35419 6036 25 the the DT 35419 6036 26 " " `` 35419 6036 27 Composition Composition NNP 35419 6036 28 of of IN 35419 6036 29 Tables Tables NNP 35419 6036 30 . . . 35419 6036 31 " " '' 35419 6037 1 ART ART NNP 35419 6037 2 METALWORK METALWORK NNP 35419 6037 3 . . . 35419 6038 1 By by IN 35419 6038 2 Arthur Arthur NNP 35419 6038 3 F. F. NNP 35419 6038 4 Payne Payne NNP 35419 6038 5 . . . 35419 6039 1 A a DT 35419 6039 2 textbook textbook NN 35419 6039 3 written write VBN 35419 6039 4 by by IN 35419 6039 5 an an DT 35419 6039 6 expert expert NN 35419 6039 7 craftsman craftsman NN 35419 6039 8 and and CC 35419 6039 9 experienced experience VBD 35419 6039 10 teacher teacher NN 35419 6039 11 . . . 35419 6040 1 It -PRON- PRP 35419 6040 2 treats treat VBZ 35419 6040 3 of of IN 35419 6040 4 the the DT 35419 6040 5 various various JJ 35419 6040 6 materials material NNS 35419 6040 7 and and CC 35419 6040 8 their -PRON- PRP$ 35419 6040 9 production production NN 35419 6040 10 , , , 35419 6040 11 ores ore NNS 35419 6040 12 , , , 35419 6040 13 alloys alloy NNS 35419 6040 14 , , , 35419 6040 15 commercial commercial JJ 35419 6040 16 forms form NNS 35419 6040 17 , , , 35419 6040 18 etc etc FW 35419 6040 19 . . . 35419 6041 1 ; ; , 35419 6041 2 of of IN 35419 6041 3 tools tool NNS 35419 6041 4 and and CC 35419 6041 5 equipments equipment NNS 35419 6041 6 suitable suitable JJ 35419 6041 7 for for IN 35419 6041 8 the the DT 35419 6041 9 work work NN 35419 6041 10 , , , 35419 6041 11 the the DT 35419 6041 12 inexpensive inexpensive JJ 35419 6041 13 equipment equipment NN 35419 6041 14 of of IN 35419 6041 15 the the DT 35419 6041 16 practical practical JJ 35419 6041 17 craftsman craftsman NN 35419 6041 18 ; ; : 35419 6041 19 and and CC 35419 6041 20 of of IN 35419 6041 21 the the DT 35419 6041 22 correlation correlation NN 35419 6041 23 of of IN 35419 6041 24 art art NN 35419 6041 25 metalwork metalwork NN 35419 6041 26 with with IN 35419 6041 27 design design NN 35419 6041 28 and and CC 35419 6041 29 other other JJ 35419 6041 30 school school NN 35419 6041 31 subjects subject NNS 35419 6041 32 . . . 35419 6042 1 It -PRON- PRP 35419 6042 2 describes describe VBZ 35419 6042 3 in in IN 35419 6042 4 detail detail NN 35419 6042 5 all all PDT 35419 6042 6 the the DT 35419 6042 7 processes process NNS 35419 6042 8 involved involve VBN 35419 6042 9 in in IN 35419 6042 10 making make VBG 35419 6042 11 articles article NNS 35419 6042 12 ranging range VBG 35419 6042 13 from from IN 35419 6042 14 a a DT 35419 6042 15 watch watch NN 35419 6042 16 fob fob NN 35419 6042 17 to to IN 35419 6042 18 a a DT 35419 6042 19 silver silver JJ 35419 6042 20 loving loving NN 35419 6042 21 - - HYPH 35419 6042 22 cup cup NN 35419 6042 23 . . . 35419 6043 1 It -PRON- PRP 35419 6043 2 gives give VBZ 35419 6043 3 new new JJ 35419 6043 4 methods method NNS 35419 6043 5 of of IN 35419 6043 6 construction construction NN 35419 6043 7 , , , 35419 6043 8 new new JJ 35419 6043 9 finishes finish NNS 35419 6043 10 , , , 35419 6043 11 new new JJ 35419 6043 12 problems problem NNS 35419 6043 13 . . . 35419 6044 1 It -PRON- PRP 35419 6044 2 is be VBZ 35419 6044 3 abundantly abundantly RB 35419 6044 4 and and CC 35419 6044 5 beautifully beautifully RB 35419 6044 6 illustrated illustrate VBN 35419 6044 7 , , , 35419 6044 8 showing show VBG 35419 6044 9 work work NN 35419 6044 10 done do VBN 35419 6044 11 by by IN 35419 6044 12 students student NNS 35419 6044 13 under under IN 35419 6044 14 ordinary ordinary JJ 35419 6044 15 school school NN 35419 6044 16 conditions condition NNS 35419 6044 17 in in IN 35419 6044 18 a a DT 35419 6044 19 manual manual JJ 35419 6044 20 training training NN 35419 6044 21 shop shop NN 35419 6044 22 . . . 35419 6045 1 The the DT 35419 6045 2 standard standard JJ 35419 6045 3 book book NN 35419 6045 4 on on IN 35419 6045 5 the the DT 35419 6045 6 subject subject NN 35419 6045 7 . . . 35419 6046 1 TEACHING teaching NN 35419 6046 2 THE the DT 35419 6046 3 MANUAL MANUAL NNPS 35419 6046 4 AND and CC 35419 6046 5 INDUSTRIAL INDUSTRIAL NNP 35419 6046 6 ARTS ARTS NNP 35419 6046 7 . . . 35419 6047 1 By by IN 35419 6047 2 Ira Ira NNP 35419 6047 3 S. S. NNP 35419 6047 4 Griffith Griffith NNP 35419 6047 5 . . . 35419 6048 1 A a DT 35419 6048 2 text text NN 35419 6048 3 for for IN 35419 6048 4 normal normal JJ 35419 6048 5 schools school NNS 35419 6048 6 or or CC 35419 6048 7 colleges college NNS 35419 6048 8 and and CC 35419 6048 9 a a DT 35419 6048 10 reference reference NN 35419 6048 11 for for IN 35419 6048 12 manual manual JJ 35419 6048 13 and and CC 35419 6048 14 vocational vocational JJ 35419 6048 15 teachers teacher NNS 35419 6048 16 . . . 35419 6049 1 Presents present VBZ 35419 6049 2 the the DT 35419 6049 3 philosophy philosophy NN 35419 6049 4 of of IN 35419 6049 5 teaching teach VBG 35419 6049 6 manual manual JJ 35419 6049 7 and and CC 35419 6049 8 vocational vocational JJ 35419 6049 9 education education NN 35419 6049 10 in in IN 35419 6049 11 terms term NNS 35419 6049 12 of of IN 35419 6049 13 psychology psychology NN 35419 6049 14 , , , 35419 6049 15 social social JJ 35419 6049 16 science science NN 35419 6049 17 , , , 35419 6049 18 and and CC 35419 6049 19 economics economic NNS 35419 6049 20 . . . 35419 6050 1 It -PRON- PRP 35419 6050 2 gives give VBZ 35419 6050 3 the the DT 35419 6050 4 conclusions conclusion NNS 35419 6050 5 of of IN 35419 6050 6 Thorndike Thorndike NNP 35419 6050 7 , , , 35419 6050 8 Judd Judd NNP 35419 6050 9 , , , 35419 6050 10 Bagley Bagley NNP 35419 6050 11 , , , 35419 6050 12 Dewey Dewey NNP 35419 6050 13 and and CC 35419 6050 14 others other NNS 35419 6050 15 , , , 35419 6050 16 and and CC 35419 6050 17 illustrates illustrate VBZ 35419 6050 18 them -PRON- PRP 35419 6050 19 so so IN 35419 6050 20 they -PRON- PRP 35419 6050 21 serve serve VBP 35419 6050 22 the the DT 35419 6050 23 teacher teacher NN 35419 6050 24 as as IN 35419 6050 25 a a DT 35419 6050 26 basis basis NN 35419 6050 27 for for IN 35419 6050 28 evaluating evaluate VBG 35419 6050 29 the the DT 35419 6050 30 manual manual JJ 35419 6050 31 and and CC 35419 6050 32 industrial industrial JJ 35419 6050 33 arts art NNS 35419 6050 34 . . . 35419 6051 1 A a DT 35419 6051 2 book book NN 35419 6051 3 of of IN 35419 6051 4 value value NN 35419 6051 5 to to IN 35419 6051 6 the the DT 35419 6051 7 beginning beginning NN 35419 6051 8 teacher teacher NN 35419 6051 9 , , , 35419 6051 10 the the DT 35419 6051 11 experienced experienced JJ 35419 6051 12 supervisor supervisor NN 35419 6051 13 or or CC 35419 6051 14 the the DT 35419 6051 15 educational educational JJ 35419 6051 16 expert expert NN 35419 6051 17 ; ; : 35419 6051 18 an an DT 35419 6051 19 exceptional exceptional JJ 35419 6051 20 source source NN 35419 6051 21 of of IN 35419 6051 22 information information NN 35419 6051 23 on on IN 35419 6051 24 the the DT 35419 6051 25 theory theory NN 35419 6051 26 and and CC 35419 6051 27 practice practice NN 35419 6051 28 of of IN 35419 6051 29 its -PRON- PRP$ 35419 6051 30 subject subject NN 35419 6051 31 . . . 35419 6052 1 THE the DT 35419 6052 2 MANUAL MANUAL NNS 35419 6052 3 ARTS ARTS NNP 35419 6052 4 . . . 35419 6053 1 By by IN 35419 6053 2 Charles Charles NNP 35419 6053 3 A. A. NNP 35419 6053 4 Bennett Bennett NNP 35419 6053 5 . . . 35419 6054 1 A a DT 35419 6054 2 treatise treatise NN 35419 6054 3 on on IN 35419 6054 4 the the DT 35419 6054 5 selection selection NN 35419 6054 6 and and CC 35419 6054 7 organization organization NN 35419 6054 8 of of IN 35419 6054 9 subject subject JJ 35419 6054 10 matter matter NN 35419 6054 11 in in IN 35419 6054 12 the the DT 35419 6054 13 manual manual JJ 35419 6054 14 arts art NNS 35419 6054 15 and and CC 35419 6054 16 on on IN 35419 6054 17 the the DT 35419 6054 18 methods method NNS 35419 6054 19 of of IN 35419 6054 20 teaching teaching NN 35419 6054 21 . . . 35419 6055 1 It -PRON- PRP 35419 6055 2 states state VBZ 35419 6055 3 what what WDT 35419 6055 4 manual manual JJ 35419 6055 5 arts art NNS 35419 6055 6 should should MD 35419 6055 7 be be VB 35419 6055 8 taught teach VBN 35419 6055 9 in in IN 35419 6055 10 the the DT 35419 6055 11 schools school NNS 35419 6055 12 , , , 35419 6055 13 their -PRON- PRP$ 35419 6055 14 place place NN 35419 6055 15 as as IN 35419 6055 16 concerns concern NNS 35419 6055 17 general general JJ 35419 6055 18 and and CC 35419 6055 19 vocational vocational JJ 35419 6055 20 education education NN 35419 6055 21 , , , 35419 6055 22 principles principle NNS 35419 6055 23 underlying underlie VBG 35419 6055 24 the the DT 35419 6055 25 making making NN 35419 6055 26 of of IN 35419 6055 27 courses course NNS 35419 6055 28 of of IN 35419 6055 29 instruction instruction NN 35419 6055 30 and and CC 35419 6055 31 methods method NNS 35419 6055 32 of of IN 35419 6055 33 teaching teaching NN 35419 6055 34 , , , 35419 6055 35 and and CC 35419 6055 36 shows show VBZ 35419 6055 37 the the DT 35419 6055 38 place place NN 35419 6055 39 of of IN 35419 6055 40 the the DT 35419 6055 41 factory factory NN 35419 6055 42 system system NN 35419 6055 43 in in IN 35419 6055 44 industrial industrial JJ 35419 6055 45 schools school NNS 35419 6055 46 , , , 35419 6055 47 etc etc FW 35419 6055 48 . . . 35419 6056 1 Heretofore heretofore RB 35419 6056 2 no no DT 35419 6056 3 book book NN 35419 6056 4 has have VBZ 35419 6056 5 dealt deal VBN 35419 6056 6 with with IN 35419 6056 7 the the DT 35419 6056 8 pedagogy pedagogy NN 35419 6056 9 of of IN 35419 6056 10 the the DT 35419 6056 11 manual manual JJ 35419 6056 12 arts art NNS 35419 6056 13 in in IN 35419 6056 14 so so RB 35419 6056 15 definite definite JJ 35419 6056 16 and and CC 35419 6056 17 clear clear RB 35419 6056 18 cut cut VB 35419 6056 19 a a DT 35419 6056 20 manner manner NN 35419 6056 21 . . . 35419 6057 1 The the DT 35419 6057 2 author author NN 35419 6057 3 has have VBZ 35419 6057 4 brought bring VBN 35419 6057 5 together together RB 35419 6057 6 , , , 35419 6057 7 with with IN 35419 6057 8 ripened ripen VBN 35419 6057 9 judgment judgment NN 35419 6057 10 , , , 35419 6057 11 the the DT 35419 6057 12 result result NN 35419 6057 13 of of IN 35419 6057 14 years year NNS 35419 6057 15 of of IN 35419 6057 16 experience experience NN 35419 6057 17 . . . 35419 6058 1 It -PRON- PRP 35419 6058 2 is be VBZ 35419 6058 3 especially especially RB 35419 6058 4 adapted adapt VBN 35419 6058 5 for for IN 35419 6058 6 normal normal JJ 35419 6058 7 class class NN 35419 6058 8 and and CC 35419 6058 9 reading read VBG 35419 6058 10 circle circle NN 35419 6058 11 use use NN 35419 6058 12 and and CC 35419 6058 13 should should MD 35419 6058 14 be be VB 35419 6058 15 read read VBN 35419 6058 16 and and CC 35419 6058 17 studied study VBN 35419 6058 18 by by IN 35419 6058 19 every every DT 35419 6058 20 teacher teacher NN 35419 6058 21 or or CC 35419 6058 22 prospective prospective JJ 35419 6058 23 teacher teacher NN 35419 6058 24 of of IN 35419 6058 25 the the DT 35419 6058 26 manual manual JJ 35419 6058 27 arts art NNS 35419 6058 28 . . . 35419 6059 1 EDUCATIONAL educational JJ 35419 6059 2 TOYS toy NNS 35419 6059 3 . . . 35419 6060 1 By by IN 35419 6060 2 Louis Louis NNP 35419 6060 3 C. C. NNP 35419 6060 4 Petersen Petersen NNP 35419 6060 5 . . . 35419 6061 1 A a DT 35419 6061 2 comprehensive comprehensive JJ 35419 6061 3 book book NN 35419 6061 4 on on IN 35419 6061 5 toy toy NN 35419 6061 6 - - HYPH 35419 6061 7 making make VBG 35419 6061 8 for for IN 35419 6061 9 the the DT 35419 6061 10 school school NN 35419 6061 11 or or CC 35419 6061 12 home home NN 35419 6061 13 . . . 35419 6062 1 Shows show VBZ 35419 6062 2 57 57 CD 35419 6062 3 toys toy NNS 35419 6062 4 including include VBG 35419 6062 5 animals animal NNS 35419 6062 6 , , , 35419 6062 7 wheeled wheeled JJ 35419 6062 8 toys toy NNS 35419 6062 9 , , , 35419 6062 10 stationary stationary JJ 35419 6062 11 toys toy NNS 35419 6062 12 , , , 35419 6062 13 moving move VBG 35419 6062 14 toys toy NNS 35419 6062 15 , , , 35419 6062 16 puzzles puzzle NNS 35419 6062 17 , , , 35419 6062 18 etc etc FW 35419 6062 19 . . . 35419 6062 20 , , , 35419 6062 21 made make VBD 35419 6062 22 chiefly chiefly RB 35419 6062 23 from from IN 35419 6062 24 thin thin JJ 35419 6062 25 wood wood NN 35419 6062 26 , , , 35419 6062 27 with with IN 35419 6062 28 the the DT 35419 6062 29 coping coping NN 35419 6062 30 saw saw NN 35419 6062 31 and and CC 35419 6062 32 easily easily RB 35419 6062 33 constructed construct VBN 35419 6062 34 in in IN 35419 6062 35 the the DT 35419 6062 36 ordinary ordinary JJ 35419 6062 37 school school NN 35419 6062 38 room room NN 35419 6062 39 or or CC 35419 6062 40 in in IN 35419 6062 41 the the DT 35419 6062 42 home home NN 35419 6062 43 . . . 35419 6063 1 Tells tell VBZ 35419 6063 2 how how WRB 35419 6063 3 to to TO 35419 6063 4 make make VB 35419 6063 5 each each DT 35419 6063 6 toy toy NN 35419 6063 7 , , , 35419 6063 8 how how WRB 35419 6063 9 to to TO 35419 6063 10 finish finish NN 35419 6063 11 and and CC 35419 6063 12 color color NN 35419 6063 13 , , , 35419 6063 14 about about IN 35419 6063 15 the the DT 35419 6063 16 few few JJ 35419 6063 17 simple simple JJ 35419 6063 18 tools tool NNS 35419 6063 19 and and CC 35419 6063 20 materials material NNS 35419 6063 21 required require VBN 35419 6063 22 . . . 35419 6064 1 Well well UH 35419 6064 2 illustrated illustrate VBN 35419 6064 3 with with IN 35419 6064 4 photographs photograph NNS 35419 6064 5 and and CC 35419 6064 6 full full JJ 35419 6064 7 - - HYPH 35419 6064 8 size size NN 35419 6064 9 pattern pattern NN 35419 6064 10 drawings drawing NNS 35419 6064 11 . . . 35419 6065 1 TOY TOY NNP 35419 6065 2 PATTERNS pattern NNS 35419 6065 3 . . . 35419 6066 1 By by IN 35419 6066 2 Michael Michael NNP 35419 6066 3 C. C. NNP 35419 6066 4 Dank Dank NNP 35419 6066 5 . . . 35419 6067 1 A a DT 35419 6067 2 portfolio portfolio NN 35419 6067 3 of of IN 35419 6067 4 toy toy NN 35419 6067 5 patterns pattern NNS 35419 6067 6 . . . 35419 6068 1 Among among IN 35419 6068 2 them -PRON- PRP 35419 6068 3 are be VBP 35419 6068 4 Animals animal NNS 35419 6068 5 , , , 35419 6068 6 Animal Animal NNP 35419 6068 7 Rocking Rocking NNP 35419 6068 8 Toys toy NNS 35419 6068 9 , , , 35419 6068 10 Wheeled Wheeled NNP 35419 6068 11 Platform Platform NNP 35419 6068 12 Toys Toys NNPS 35419 6068 13 , , , 35419 6068 14 String String NNP 35419 6068 15 Toys Toys NNPS 35419 6068 16 , , , 35419 6068 17 Lever Lever NNP 35419 6068 18 Toys Toys NNPS 35419 6068 19 , , , 35419 6068 20 Freak Freak NNP 35419 6068 21 Toys Toys NNPS 35419 6068 22 and and CC 35419 6068 23 Novelties Novelties NNPS 35419 6068 24 . . . 35419 6069 1 Each each DT 35419 6069 2 toy toy NN 35419 6069 3 is be VBZ 35419 6069 4 shown show VBN 35419 6069 5 complete complete JJ 35419 6069 6 and and CC 35419 6069 7 each each DT 35419 6069 8 part part NN 35419 6069 9 is be VBZ 35419 6069 10 also also RB 35419 6069 11 shown show VBN 35419 6069 12 full full JJ 35419 6069 13 - - HYPH 35419 6069 14 size size NN 35419 6069 15 . . . 35419 6070 1 They -PRON- PRP 35419 6070 2 are be VBP 35419 6070 3 designed design VBN 35419 6070 4 to to TO 35419 6070 5 be be VB 35419 6070 6 made make VBN 35419 6070 7 with with IN 35419 6070 8 the the DT 35419 6070 9 coping coping NN 35419 6070 10 saw see VBD 35419 6070 11 out out IN 35419 6070 12 of of IN 35419 6070 13 thin thin JJ 35419 6070 14 wood wood NN 35419 6070 15 . . . 35419 6071 1 Twelve twelve CD 35419 6071 2 sheets sheet NNS 35419 6071 3 , , , 35419 6071 4 size size NN 35419 6071 5 10 10 CD 35419 6071 6 - - SYM 35419 6071 7 1/2 1/2 CD 35419 6071 8 " " NN 35419 6071 9 x x SYM 35419 6071 10 14 14 CD 35419 6071 11 " " '' 35419 6071 12 , , , 35419 6071 13 enclosed enclose VBN 35419 6071 14 in in IN 35419 6071 15 a a DT 35419 6071 16 portfolio portfolio NN 35419 6071 17 with with IN 35419 6071 18 an an DT 35419 6071 19 attractive attractive JJ 35419 6071 20 color color NN 35419 6071 21 design design NN 35419 6071 22 . . . 35419 6072 1 BIRD BIRD NNP 35419 6072 2 HOUSES house NNS 35419 6072 3 BOYS boy NNS 35419 6072 4 CAN CAN MD 35419 6072 5 BUILD BUILD NNP 35419 6072 6 . . . 35419 6073 1 By by IN 35419 6073 2 Albert Albert NNP 35419 6073 3 F. F. NNP 35419 6073 4 Siepert Siepert NNP 35419 6073 5 . . . 35419 6074 1 A a DT 35419 6074 2 book book NN 35419 6074 3 of of IN 35419 6074 4 rare rare JJ 35419 6074 5 interest interest NN 35419 6074 6 to to IN 35419 6074 7 boys boy NNS 35419 6074 8 . . . 35419 6075 1 It -PRON- PRP 35419 6075 2 is be VBZ 35419 6075 3 written write VBN 35419 6075 4 in in IN 35419 6075 5 the the DT 35419 6075 6 boy boy NN 35419 6075 7 spirit spirit NN 35419 6075 8 and and CC 35419 6075 9 combines combine VBZ 35419 6075 10 the the DT 35419 6075 11 charm charm NN 35419 6075 12 of of IN 35419 6075 13 nature nature NN 35419 6075 14 with with IN 35419 6075 15 the the DT 35419 6075 16 allurements allurement NNS 35419 6075 17 of of IN 35419 6075 18 continuation continuation NN 35419 6075 19 work work NN 35419 6075 20 in in IN 35419 6075 21 wood wood NN 35419 6075 22 . . . 35419 6076 1 It -PRON- PRP 35419 6076 2 illustrates illustrate VBZ 35419 6076 3 hundreds hundred NNS 35419 6076 4 of of IN 35419 6076 5 bird bird NN 35419 6076 6 houses house NNS 35419 6076 7 and and CC 35419 6076 8 shows show VBZ 35419 6076 9 working work VBG 35419 6076 10 drawings drawing NNS 35419 6076 11 of of IN 35419 6076 12 various various JJ 35419 6076 13 designs design NNS 35419 6076 14 , , , 35419 6076 15 also also RB 35419 6076 16 feeders feeder VBZ 35419 6076 17 , , , 35419 6076 18 shelters shelter NNS 35419 6076 19 , , , 35419 6076 20 sparrow sparrow VB 35419 6076 21 traps trap NNS 35419 6076 22 , , , 35419 6076 23 and and CC 35419 6076 24 other other JJ 35419 6076 25 bird bird NN 35419 6076 26 accessories accessory NNS 35419 6076 27 . . . 35419 6077 1 The the DT 35419 6077 2 common common JJ 35419 6077 3 house house NN 35419 6077 4 nesting nesting NN 35419 6077 5 birds bird NNS 35419 6077 6 are be VBP 35419 6077 7 pictured picture VBN 35419 6077 8 and and CC 35419 6077 9 described describe VBN 35419 6077 10 with with IN 35419 6077 11 information information NN 35419 6077 12 regarding regard VBG 35419 6077 13 houses house NNS 35419 6077 14 , , , 35419 6077 15 foods food NNS 35419 6077 16 , , , 35419 6077 17 etc etc FW 35419 6077 18 . . FW 35419 6077 19 , , , 35419 6077 20 suitable suitable JJ 35419 6077 21 for for IN 35419 6077 22 each each DT 35419 6077 23 . . . 35419 6078 1 A a DT 35419 6078 2 pleasing pleasing JJ 35419 6078 3 and and CC 35419 6078 4 practical practical JJ 35419 6078 5 book book NN 35419 6078 6 for for IN 35419 6078 7 wide wide RB 35419 6078 8 - - HYPH 35419 6078 9 awake awake JJ 35419 6078 10 boys boy NNS 35419 6078 11 . . . 35419 6079 1 MANUAL MANUAL JJR 35419 6079 2 TRAINING training NN 35419 6079 3 TOYS toy NNS 35419 6079 4 . . . 35419 6080 1 FOR for IN 35419 6080 2 THE the DT 35419 6080 3 BOYS BOYS NNPS 35419 6080 4 ' ' POS 35419 6080 5 WORKSHOP WORKSHOP NNP 35419 6080 6 . . . 35419 6081 1 By by IN 35419 6081 2 Harris Harris NNP 35419 6081 3 W. W. NNP 35419 6081 4 Moore Moore NNP 35419 6081 5 . . . 35419 6082 1 A a DT 35419 6082 2 popular popular JJ 35419 6082 3 boys boy NNS 35419 6082 4 ' ' POS 35419 6082 5 book book NN 35419 6082 6 that that WDT 35419 6082 7 is be VBZ 35419 6082 8 truly truly RB 35419 6082 9 educational educational JJ 35419 6082 10 . . . 35419 6083 1 It -PRON- PRP 35419 6083 2 is be VBZ 35419 6083 3 a a DT 35419 6083 4 collection collection NN 35419 6083 5 of of IN 35419 6083 6 forty forty CD 35419 6083 7 - - HYPH 35419 6083 8 two two CD 35419 6083 9 projects project NNS 35419 6083 10 overflowing overflow VBG 35419 6083 11 with with IN 35419 6083 12 " " `` 35419 6083 13 boy boy NN 35419 6083 14 " " '' 35419 6083 15 interest interest NN 35419 6083 16 and and CC 35419 6083 17 new new JJ 35419 6083 18 in in IN 35419 6083 19 the the DT 35419 6083 20 manual manual JJ 35419 6083 21 training training NN 35419 6083 22 shop shop NN 35419 6083 23 . . . 35419 6084 1 Full full JJ 35419 6084 2 - - HYPH 35419 6084 3 page page NN 35419 6084 4 working working NN 35419 6084 5 drawings drawing NNS 35419 6084 6 show show VBP 35419 6084 7 each each DT 35419 6084 8 project project NN 35419 6084 9 in in IN 35419 6084 10 detail detail NN 35419 6084 11 and and CC 35419 6084 12 the the DT 35419 6084 13 text text NN 35419 6084 14 gives give VBZ 35419 6084 15 instructions instruction NNS 35419 6084 16 for for IN 35419 6084 17 making make VBG 35419 6084 18 , , , 35419 6084 19 together together RB 35419 6084 20 with with IN 35419 6084 21 information information NN 35419 6084 22 on on IN 35419 6084 23 tools tool NNS 35419 6084 24 and and CC 35419 6084 25 tool tool NN 35419 6084 26 processes process NNS 35419 6084 27 . . . 35419 6085 1 KITECRAFT KITECRAFT NNP 35419 6085 2 AND and CC 35419 6085 3 KITE KITE NNP 35419 6085 4 TOURNAMENTS TOURNAMENTS NNP 35419 6085 5 . . . 35419 6086 1 By by IN 35419 6086 2 Charles Charles NNP 35419 6086 3 M. M. NNP 35419 6086 4 Miller Miller NNP 35419 6086 5 . . . 35419 6087 1 An an DT 35419 6087 2 authoritative authoritative JJ 35419 6087 3 and and CC 35419 6087 4 comprehensive comprehensive JJ 35419 6087 5 treatment treatment NN 35419 6087 6 of of IN 35419 6087 7 kitecraft kitecraft NN 35419 6087 8 . . . 35419 6088 1 The the DT 35419 6088 2 book book NN 35419 6088 3 deals deal VBZ 35419 6088 4 with with IN 35419 6088 5 the the DT 35419 6088 6 construction construction NN 35419 6088 7 and and CC 35419 6088 8 flying flying NN 35419 6088 9 of of IN 35419 6088 10 all all DT 35419 6088 11 kinds kind NNS 35419 6088 12 of of IN 35419 6088 13 kites kite NNS 35419 6088 14 , , , 35419 6088 15 and and CC 35419 6088 16 the the DT 35419 6088 17 making making NN 35419 6088 18 and and CC 35419 6088 19 using use VBG 35419 6088 20 of of IN 35419 6088 21 kite kite NN 35419 6088 22 accessories accessory NNS 35419 6088 23 . . . 35419 6089 1 Also also RB 35419 6089 2 aeroplanes aeroplane NNS 35419 6089 3 , , , 35419 6089 4 gliders glider NNS 35419 6089 5 , , , 35419 6089 6 propellers propeller NNS 35419 6089 7 , , , 35419 6089 8 motors motor NNS 35419 6089 9 , , , 35419 6089 10 etc etc FW 35419 6089 11 . . . 35419 6090 1 Four four CD 35419 6090 2 chapters chapter NNS 35419 6090 3 are be VBP 35419 6090 4 devoted devoted JJ 35419 6090 5 to to IN 35419 6090 6 presenting present VBG 35419 6090 7 a a DT 35419 6090 8 detailed detailed JJ 35419 6090 9 description description NN 35419 6090 10 of of IN 35419 6090 11 kite kite NN 35419 6090 12 flying fly VBG 35419 6090 13 tournaments tournament NNS 35419 6090 14 . . . 35419 6091 1 Abundantly abundantly RB 35419 6091 2 illustrated illustrate VBN 35419 6091 3 and and CC 35419 6091 4 attractively attractively RB 35419 6091 5 bound bind VBN 35419 6091 6 . . . 35419 6092 1 THE the DT 35419 6092 2 CONSTRUCTION construction NN 35419 6092 3 AND and CC 35419 6092 4 FLYING FLYING NNP 35419 6092 5 OF of IN 35419 6092 6 KITES kite NNS 35419 6092 7 . . . 35419 6093 1 By by IN 35419 6093 2 Charles Charles NNP 35419 6093 3 M. M. NNP 35419 6093 4 Miller Miller NNP 35419 6093 5 . . . 35419 6094 1 This this DT 35419 6094 2 contains contain VBZ 35419 6094 3 seven seven CD 35419 6094 4 full full JJ 35419 6094 5 - - HYPH 35419 6094 6 page page NN 35419 6094 7 plates plate NNS 35419 6094 8 of of IN 35419 6094 9 drawings drawing NNS 35419 6094 10 of of IN 35419 6094 11 kites kite NNS 35419 6094 12 , , , 35419 6094 13 and and CC 35419 6094 14 fifteen fifteen CD 35419 6094 15 figures figure NNS 35419 6094 16 -- -- : 35419 6094 17 over over IN 35419 6094 18 forty forty CD 35419 6094 19 kites kite NNS 35419 6094 20 shown show VBN 35419 6094 21 . . . 35419 6095 1 Details detail NNS 35419 6095 2 of of IN 35419 6095 3 construction construction NN 35419 6095 4 given give VBN 35419 6095 5 ; ; : 35419 6095 6 a a DT 35419 6095 7 kite kite NN 35419 6095 8 tournament tournament NN 35419 6095 9 is be VBZ 35419 6095 10 described describe VBN 35419 6095 11 . . . 35419 6096 1 Full full JJ 35419 6096 2 of of IN 35419 6096 3 interesting interesting JJ 35419 6096 4 suggestions suggestion NNS 35419 6096 5 . . . 35419 6097 1 COPING coping NN 35419 6097 2 SAW saw NN 35419 6097 3 WORK work NN 35419 6097 4 . . . 35419 6098 1 By by IN 35419 6098 2 Ben Ben NNP 35419 6098 3 W. W. NNP 35419 6098 4 Johnson Johnson NNP 35419 6098 5 . . . 35419 6099 1 Contains contain NNS 35419 6099 2 working work VBG 35419 6099 3 drawings drawing NNS 35419 6099 4 and and CC 35419 6099 5 suggestions suggestion NNS 35419 6099 6 for for IN 35419 6099 7 teaching teach VBG 35419 6099 8 a a DT 35419 6099 9 course course NN 35419 6099 10 of of IN 35419 6099 11 work work NN 35419 6099 12 in in IN 35419 6099 13 thin thin JJ 35419 6099 14 wood wood NN 35419 6099 15 that that WDT 35419 6099 16 is be VBZ 35419 6099 17 full full JJ 35419 6099 18 of of IN 35419 6099 19 fun fun NN 35419 6099 20 for for IN 35419 6099 21 the the DT 35419 6099 22 children child NNS 35419 6099 23 , , , 35419 6099 24 and and CC 35419 6099 25 affords afford VBZ 35419 6099 26 ample ample JJ 35419 6099 27 means mean NNS 35419 6099 28 for for IN 35419 6099 29 training training NN 35419 6099 30 in in IN 35419 6099 31 form form NN 35419 6099 32 study study NN 35419 6099 33 , , , 35419 6099 34 construction construction NN 35419 6099 35 , , , 35419 6099 36 invention invention NN 35419 6099 37 and and CC 35419 6099 38 careful careful JJ 35419 6099 39 work work NN 35419 6099 40 . . . 35419 6100 1 Has have VBZ 35419 6100 2 been be VBN 35419 6100 3 called call VBN 35419 6100 4 " " `` 35419 6100 5 applied apply VBN 35419 6100 6 mechanics mechanic NNS 35419 6100 7 for for IN 35419 6100 8 the the DT 35419 6100 9 fourth fourth JJ 35419 6100 10 grade grade NN 35419 6100 11 . . . 35419 6100 12 " " '' 35419 6101 1 SELECTED select VBN 35419 6101 2 SHOP SHOP NNP 35419 6101 3 PROBLEMS PROBLEMS NNP 35419 6101 4 . . . 35419 6102 1 By by IN 35419 6102 2 George George NNP 35419 6102 3 A. A. NNP 35419 6102 4 Seaton Seaton NNP 35419 6102 5 . . . 35419 6103 1 A a DT 35419 6103 2 collection collection NN 35419 6103 3 of of IN 35419 6103 4 sixteen sixteen CD 35419 6103 5 problems problem NNS 35419 6103 6 in in IN 35419 6103 7 woodworking woodworking NN 35419 6103 8 made make VBN 35419 6103 9 to to TO 35419 6103 10 meet meet VB 35419 6103 11 the the DT 35419 6103 12 needs need NNS 35419 6103 13 of of IN 35419 6103 14 busy busy JJ 35419 6103 15 teachers teacher NNS 35419 6103 16 of of IN 35419 6103 17 manual manual JJ 35419 6103 18 training training NN 35419 6103 19 . . . 35419 6104 1 Each each DT 35419 6104 2 problem problem NN 35419 6104 3 has have VBZ 35419 6104 4 been be VBN 35419 6104 5 put put VBN 35419 6104 6 to to IN 35419 6104 7 the the DT 35419 6104 8 test test NN 35419 6104 9 and and CC 35419 6104 10 has have VBZ 35419 6104 11 proven prove VBN 35419 6104 12 satisfactory satisfactory JJ 35419 6104 13 to to IN 35419 6104 14 the the DT 35419 6104 15 teacher teacher NN 35419 6104 16 who who WP 35419 6104 17 designed design VBD 35419 6104 18 it -PRON- PRP 35419 6104 19 and and CC 35419 6104 20 to to IN 35419 6104 21 the the DT 35419 6104 22 pupil pupil NN 35419 6104 23 who who WP 35419 6104 24 made make VBD 35419 6104 25 it -PRON- PRP 35419 6104 26 . . . 35419 6105 1 MANUAL MANUAL NNP 35419 6105 2 TRAINING TRAINING NNP 35419 6105 3 MAGAZINE MAGAZINE NNP 35419 6105 4 . . . 35419 6106 1 A a DT 35419 6106 2 magazine magazine NN 35419 6106 3 of of IN 35419 6106 4 " " `` 35419 6106 5 quality quality NN 35419 6106 6 . . . 35419 6106 7 " " '' 35419 6107 1 The the DT 35419 6107 2 professional professional JJ 35419 6107 3 journal journal NN 35419 6107 4 of of IN 35419 6107 5 the the DT 35419 6107 6 teachers teacher NNS 35419 6107 7 of of IN 35419 6107 8 manual manual JJ 35419 6107 9 , , , 35419 6107 10 vocational vocational JJ 35419 6107 11 and and CC 35419 6107 12 industrial industrial JJ 35419 6107 13 education education NN 35419 6107 14 . . . 35419 6108 1 It -PRON- PRP 35419 6108 2 publishes publish VBZ 35419 6108 3 practical practical JJ 35419 6108 4 articles article NNS 35419 6108 5 on on IN 35419 6108 6 the the DT 35419 6108 7 ways way NNS 35419 6108 8 and and CC 35419 6108 9 means mean NNS 35419 6108 10 of of IN 35419 6108 11 " " `` 35419 6108 12 doing do VBG 35419 6108 13 things thing NNS 35419 6108 14 . . . 35419 6108 15 " " '' 35419 6109 1 It -PRON- PRP 35419 6109 2 discusses discuss VBZ 35419 6109 3 vital vital JJ 35419 6109 4 problems problem NNS 35419 6109 5 in in IN 35419 6109 6 teaching teach VBG 35419 6109 7 the the DT 35419 6109 8 manual manual JJ 35419 6109 9 arts art NNS 35419 6109 10 and and CC 35419 6109 11 presents present VBZ 35419 6109 12 the the DT 35419 6109 13 best good JJS 35419 6109 14 current current JJ 35419 6109 15 thought thought NN 35419 6109 16 on on IN 35419 6109 17 the the DT 35419 6109 18 development development NN 35419 6109 19 of of IN 35419 6109 20 manual manual JJ 35419 6109 21 training training NN 35419 6109 22 and and CC 35419 6109 23 vocational vocational JJ 35419 6109 24 education education NN 35419 6109 25 . . . 35419 6110 1 To to IN 35419 6110 2 the the DT 35419 6110 3 inexperienced inexperienced JJ 35419 6110 4 teacher teacher NN 35419 6110 5 , , , 35419 6110 6 it -PRON- PRP 35419 6110 7 is be VBZ 35419 6110 8 valuable valuable JJ 35419 6110 9 in in IN 35419 6110 10 solving solve VBG 35419 6110 11 numerous numerous JJ 35419 6110 12 problems problem NNS 35419 6110 13 , , , 35419 6110 14 and and CC 35419 6110 15 to to IN 35419 6110 16 the the DT 35419 6110 17 experienced experienced JJ 35419 6110 18 teacher teacher NN 35419 6110 19 , , , 35419 6110 20 it -PRON- PRP 35419 6110 21 is be VBZ 35419 6110 22 a a DT 35419 6110 23 means means NN 35419 6110 24 of of IN 35419 6110 25 keeping keep VBG 35419 6110 26 abreast abreast RB 35419 6110 27 of of IN 35419 6110 28 the the DT 35419 6110 29 times time NNS 35419 6110 30 . . . 35419 6111 1 It -PRON- PRP 35419 6111 2 is be VBZ 35419 6111 3 ably ably RB 35419 6111 4 edited edit VBN 35419 6111 5 , , , 35419 6111 6 attractively attractively RB 35419 6111 7 printed print VBN 35419 6111 8 , , , 35419 6111 9 and and CC 35419 6111 10 well well RB 35419 6111 11 illustrated illustrate VBN 35419 6111 12 with with IN 35419 6111 13 photographs photograph NNS 35419 6111 14 and and CC 35419 6111 15 drawings drawing NNS 35419 6111 16 made make VBN 35419 6111 17 especially especially RB 35419 6111 18 for for IN 35419 6111 19 its -PRON- PRP$ 35419 6111 20 pages page NNS 35419 6111 21 . . . 35419 6112 1 Published publish VBN 35419 6112 2 monthly monthly RB 35419 6112 3 . . . 35419 6113 1 $ $ $ 35419 6113 2 1.50 1.50 CD 35419 6113 3 a a DT 35419 6113 4 year year NN 35419 6113 5 ; ; : 35419 6113 6 Canada Canada NNP 35419 6113 7 , , , 35419 6113 8 $ $ $ 35419 6113 9 1.80 1.80 CD 35419 6113 10 ; ; : 35419 6113 11 Foreign Foreign NNP 35419 6113 12 , , , 35419 6113 13 $ $ $ 35419 6113 14 2.00 2.00 CD 35419 6113 15 . . . 35419 6114 1 * * NFP 35419 6114 2 * * NFP 35419 6114 3 * * NFP 35419 6114 4 * * NFP 35419 6114 5 * * NFP 35419 6114 6 _ _ NNP 35419 6114 7 Published publish VBN 35419 6114 8 by by IN 35419 6114 9 _ _ NNP 35419 6114 10 Manual Manual NNP 35419 6114 11 Arts Arts NNP 35419 6114 12 Press Press NNP 35419 6114 13 : : : 35419 6114 14 : : : 35419 6114 15 Peoria Peoria NNP 35419 6114 16 , , , 35419 6114 17 Illinois Illinois NNP 35419 6114 18 We -PRON- PRP 35419 6114 19 can can MD 35419 6114 20 supply supply VB 35419 6114 21 you -PRON- PRP 35419 6114 22 with with IN 35419 6114 23 any any DT 35419 6114 24 book book NN 35419 6114 25 on on IN 35419 6114 26 the the DT 35419 6114 27 Manual Manual NNP 35419 6114 28 Arts Arts NNPS 35419 6114 29 * * NFP 35419 6114 30 * * NFP 35419 6114 31 * * NFP 35419 6114 32 * * NFP 35419 6114 33 * * NFP 35419 6114 34 Transcriber Transcriber NNP 35419 6114 35 's 's POS 35419 6114 36 Note note NN 35419 6114 37 : : : 35419 6114 38 Transcriber Transcriber NNP 35419 6114 39 's 's POS 35419 6114 40 Note note NN 35419 6114 41 : : : 35419 6114 42 ' ' `` 35419 6114 43 M M NNP 35419 6114 44 ' ' '' 35419 6114 45 , , , 35419 6114 46 in in IN 35419 6114 47 the the DT 35419 6114 48 context context NN 35419 6114 49 of of IN 35419 6114 50 lumber lumber NNP 35419 6114 51 measurement measurement NN 35419 6114 52 , , , 35419 6114 53 means mean VBZ 35419 6114 54 ' ' `` 35419 6114 55 1000 1000 CD 35419 6114 56 feet foot NNS 35419 6114 57 ' ' '' 35419 6114 58 . . . 35419 6115 1 From from IN 35419 6115 2 ' ' `` 35419 6115 3 Handwork Handwork NNP 35419 6115 4 in in IN 35419 6115 5 Wood Wood NNP 35419 6115 6 ' ' '' 35419 6115 7 , , , 35419 6115 8 Chapter chapter NN 35419 6115 9 III III NNP 35419 6115 10 , , , 35419 6115 11 page page NN 35419 6115 12 48 48 CD 35419 6115 13 . . . 35419 6116 1 Also also RB 35419 6116 2 ( ( -LRB- 35419 6116 3 ibid ibid NN 35419 6116 4 ) ) -RRB- 35419 6116 5 : : : 35419 6116 6 " " `` 35419 6116 7 There there EX 35419 6116 8 are be VBP 35419 6116 9 several several JJ 35419 6116 10 methods method NNS 35419 6116 11 of of IN 35419 6116 12 measuring measure VBG 35419 6116 13 lumber lumber NN 35419 6116 14 . . . 35419 6117 1 The the DT 35419 6117 2 general general JJ 35419 6117 3 rule rule NN 35419 6117 4 is be VBZ 35419 6117 5 to to TO 35419 6117 6 multiply multiply VB 35419 6117 7 the the DT 35419 6117 8 length length NN 35419 6117 9 in in IN 35419 6117 10 feet foot NNS 35419 6117 11 by by IN 35419 6117 12 the the DT 35419 6117 13 width width NN 35419 6117 14 and and CC 35419 6117 15 thickness thickness NN 35419 6117 16 in in IN 35419 6117 17 inches inch NNS 35419 6117 18 and and CC 35419 6117 19 divide divide VB 35419 6117 20 by by IN 35419 6117 21 12 12 CD 35419 6117 22 , , , 35419 6117 23 thus thus RB 35419 6117 24 : : : 35419 6117 25 1 1 CD 35419 6117 26 " " `` 35419 6117 27 à à NNP 35419 6117 28 � � NNP 35419 6117 29 6 6 CD 35419 6117 30 " " `` 35419 6117 31 à à NNP 35419 6117 32 � � NNP 35419 6117 33 15 15 CD 35419 6117 34 ' ' NN 35419 6117 35 à ã NN 35419 6117 36 · · NFP 35419 6117 37 12 12 CD 35419 6117 38 = = SYM 35419 6117 39 7½ 7â½ CD 35419 6117 40 feet foot NNS 35419 6117 41 . . . 35419 6117 42 " " '' 35419 6118 1 In in IN 35419 6118 2 the the DT 35419 6118 3 interests interest NNS 35419 6118 4 of of IN 35419 6118 5 clarity clarity NN 35419 6118 6 , , , 35419 6118 7 some some DT 35419 6118 8 Illustrations illustration NNS 35419 6118 9 have have VBP 35419 6118 10 been be VBN 35419 6118 11 moved move VBN 35419 6118 12 closer close RBR 35419 6118 13 to to IN 35419 6118 14 their -PRON- PRP$ 35419 6118 15 descriptive descriptive JJ 35419 6118 16 text text NN 35419 6118 17 . . . 35419 6119 1 Hyphenation hyphenation NN 35419 6119 2 and and CC 35419 6119 3 spelling spelling NN 35419 6119 4 are be VBP 35419 6119 5 not not RB 35419 6119 6 uniform uniform JJ 35419 6119 7 throughout throughout IN 35419 6119 8 this this DT 35419 6119 9 book book NN 35419 6119 10 , , , 35419 6119 11 e.g. e.g. RB 35419 6119 12 , , , 35419 6119 13 ' ' `` 35419 6119 14 sapwood sapwood VBD 35419 6119 15 ' ' '' 35419 6119 16 and and CC 35419 6119 17 ' ' `` 35419 6119 18 sap sap NN 35419 6119 19 - - HYPH 35419 6119 20 wood wood NN 35419 6119 21 ' ' '' 35419 6119 22 both both DT 35419 6119 23 occur occur VBP 35419 6119 24 ; ; : 35419 6119 25 ' ' '' 35419 6119 26 _ _ NNP 35419 6119 27 Columbian Columbian NNP 35419 6119 28 Timber Timber NNP 35419 6119 29 - - HYPH 35419 6119 30 beetle beetle NNP 35419 6119 31 _ _ NNP 35419 6119 32 ' ' '' 35419 6119 33 and and CC 35419 6119 34 ' ' `` 35419 6119 35 Columbian columbian JJ 35419 6119 36 timber timber NN 35419 6119 37 beetle beetle NN 35419 6119 38 ' ' '' 35419 6119 39 occur occur NN 35419 6119 40 in in IN 35419 6119 41 the the DT 35419 6119 42 same same JJ 35419 6119 43 paragraph paragraph NN 35419 6119 44 . . . 35419 6120 1 Chapter Chapter NNP 35419 6120 2 II II NNP 35419 6120 3 has have VBZ 35419 6120 4 three three CD 35419 6120 5 types type NNS 35419 6120 6 of of IN 35419 6120 7 footnotes footnote NNS 35419 6120 8 , , , 35419 6120 9 with with IN 35419 6120 10 different different JJ 35419 6120 11 notations notation NNS 35419 6120 12 . . . 35419 6121 1 References reference NNS 35419 6121 2 to to IN 35419 6121 3 the the DT 35419 6121 4 author author NN 35419 6121 5 's 's POS 35419 6121 6 previous previous JJ 35419 6121 7 book book NN 35419 6121 8 , , , 35419 6121 9 being be VBG 35419 6121 10 short short JJ 35419 6121 11 , , , 35419 6121 12 are be VBP 35419 6121 13 placed place VBN 35419 6121 14 at at IN 35419 6121 15 the the DT 35419 6121 16 end end NN 35419 6121 17 of of IN 35419 6121 18 the the DT 35419 6121 19 paragraph paragraph NN 35419 6121 20 ; ; : 35419 6121 21 numbered number VBN 35419 6121 22 technical technical JJ 35419 6121 23 or or CC 35419 6121 24 tabular tabular JJ 35419 6121 25 footnotes footnote NNS 35419 6121 26 , , , 35419 6121 27 or or CC 35419 6121 28 footnotes footnote NNS 35419 6121 29 referencing reference VBG 35419 6121 30 other other JJ 35419 6121 31 publications publication NNS 35419 6121 32 are be VBP 35419 6121 33 collected collect VBN 35419 6121 34 at at IN 35419 6121 35 the the DT 35419 6121 36 end end NN 35419 6121 37 of of IN 35419 6121 38 the the DT 35419 6121 39 Chapter chapter NN 35419 6121 40 , , , 35419 6121 41 before before IN 35419 6121 42 the the DT 35419 6121 43 Chapter Chapter NNP 35419 6121 44 Bibliography Bibliography NNP 35419 6121 45 ; ; : 35419 6121 46 and and CC 35419 6121 47 Chapter Chapter NNP 35419 6121 48 Bibliography Bibliography NNP 35419 6121 49 footnotes footnote NNS 35419 6121 50 are be VBP 35419 6121 51 placed place VBN 35419 6121 52 at at IN 35419 6121 53 the the DT 35419 6121 54 end end NN 35419 6121 55 of of IN 35419 6121 56 the the DT 35419 6121 57 Chapter Chapter NNP 35419 6121 58 Bibliography Bibliography NNP 35419 6121 59 . . . 35419 6122 1 In in IN 35419 6122 2 later later JJ 35419 6122 3 Chapters Chapters NNPS 35419 6122 4 , , , 35419 6122 5 numbered number VBN 35419 6122 6 footnotes footnote NNS 35419 6122 7 are be VBP 35419 6122 8 placed place VBN 35419 6122 9 either either CC 35419 6122 10 at at IN 35419 6122 11 the the DT 35419 6122 12 end end NN 35419 6122 13 of of IN 35419 6122 14 the the DT 35419 6122 15 Chapter chapter NN 35419 6122 16 ( ( -LRB- 35419 6122 17 before before IN 35419 6122 18 the the DT 35419 6122 19 Bibliography Bibliography NNP 35419 6122 20 ) ) -RRB- 35419 6122 21 or or CC 35419 6122 22 at at IN 35419 6122 23 the the DT 35419 6122 24 end end NN 35419 6122 25 of of IN 35419 6122 26 a a DT 35419 6122 27 relevant relevant JJ 35419 6122 28 section section NN 35419 6122 29 of of IN 35419 6122 30 a a DT 35419 6122 31 Chapter chapter NN 35419 6122 32 . . . 35419 6123 1 Chapter chapter NN 35419 6123 2 III III NNP 35419 6123 3 lists list VBZ 35419 6123 4 67 67 CD 35419 6123 5 trees tree NNS 35419 6123 6 ; ; : 35419 6123 7 The the DT 35419 6123 8 ( ( -LRB- 35419 6123 9 following following NN 35419 6123 10 ) ) -RRB- 35419 6123 11 Lists list NNS 35419 6123 12 from from IN 35419 6123 13 the the DT 35419 6123 14 Jesup Jesup NNP 35419 6123 15 Collection Collection NNP 35419 6123 16 list list NN 35419 6123 17 66 66 CD 35419 6123 18 trees tree NNS 35419 6123 19 , , , 35419 6123 20 including include VBG 35419 6123 21 the the DT 35419 6123 22 ' ' `` 35419 6123 23 tied tied JJ 35419 6123 24 place place NN 35419 6123 25 ' ' '' 35419 6123 26 trees tree NNS 35419 6123 27 . . . 35419 6124 1 The the DT 35419 6124 2 tree tree NN 35419 6124 3 missing miss VBG 35419 6124 4 from from IN 35419 6124 5 the the DT 35419 6124 6 Jesup Jesup NNP 35419 6124 7 Collection Collection NNP 35419 6124 8 is be VBZ 35419 6124 9 No no UH 35419 6124 10 . . . 35419 6125 1 18 18 CD 35419 6125 2 : : : 35419 6125 3 Western Western NNP 35419 6125 4 Hemlock Hemlock NNP 35419 6125 5 , , , 35419 6125 6 or or CC 35419 6125 7 Black Black NNP 35419 6125 8 Hemlock Hemlock NNP 35419 6125 9 . . . 35419 6126 1 Damaged damage VBN 35419 6126 2 or or CC 35419 6126 3 missing miss VBG 35419 6126 4 punctuation punctuation NN 35419 6126 5 has have VBZ 35419 6126 6 been be VBN 35419 6126 7 repaired repair VBN 35419 6126 8 . . . 35419 6127 1 Page page NN 35419 6127 2 18 18 CD 35419 6127 3 : : : 35419 6127 4 ' ' `` 35419 6127 5 sumac sumac NN 35419 6127 6 ' ' '' 35419 6127 7 and and CC 35419 6127 8 ' ' `` 35419 6127 9 sumach sumach NN 35419 6127 10 ' ' '' 35419 6127 11 . . . 35419 6128 1 Both both DT 35419 6128 2 spellings spelling NNS 35419 6128 3 correct correct JJ 35419 6128 4 . . . 35419 6129 1 Also also RB 35419 6129 2 ' ' `` 35419 6129 3 sumak sumak JJ 35419 6129 4 ' ' '' 35419 6129 5 , , , 35419 6129 6 shoomak shoomak NNP 35419 6129 7 . . . 35419 6130 1 From from IN 35419 6130 2 Arabic Arabic NNP 35419 6130 3 ' ' '' 35419 6130 4 summ[=a]q summ[=a]q NNS 35419 6130 5 ' ' '' 35419 6130 6 . . . 35419 6131 1 Page page NN 35419 6131 2 19 19 CD 35419 6131 3 : : : 35419 6131 4 ' ' `` 35419 6131 5 charactistic charactistic JJ 35419 6131 6 ' ' '' 35419 6131 7 corrected correct VBN 35419 6131 8 to to IN 35419 6131 9 ' ' `` 35419 6131 10 characteristic characteristic JJ 35419 6131 11 ' ' '' 35419 6131 12 ... ... : 35419 6131 13 " " '' 35419 6131 14 and and CC 35419 6131 15 give give VB 35419 6131 16 the the DT 35419 6131 17 characteristic characteristic JJ 35419 6131 18 pleasing pleasing JJ 35419 6131 19 " " `` 35419 6131 20 grain grain NN 35419 6131 21 " " '' 35419 6131 22 of of IN 35419 6131 23 wood wood NN 35419 6131 24 . . . 35419 6131 25 " " '' 35419 6132 1 Page page NN 35419 6132 2 23 23 CD 35419 6132 3 : : : 35419 6132 4 inconsistent inconsistent JJ 35419 6132 5 spelling--_tracheà spelling--_tracheà NNP 35419 6132 6 ¦ ¦ NNP 35419 6132 7 _ _ NNP 35419 6132 8 , , , 35419 6132 9 tracheae tracheae NNP 35419 6132 10 . . . 35419 6133 1 The the DT 35419 6133 2 two two CD 35419 6133 3 spellings spelling NNS 35419 6133 4 occur occur VBP 35419 6133 5 in in IN 35419 6133 6 the the DT 35419 6133 7 book book NN 35419 6133 8 ; ; : 35419 6133 9 also also RB 35419 6133 10 trachà trachà NNP 35419 6133 11 ¦ ¦ : 35419 6133 12 ids ids NNP 35419 6133 13 , , , 35419 6133 14 tracheids tracheids NNP 35419 6133 15 . . . 35419 6134 1 All all DT 35419 6134 2 have have VBP 35419 6134 3 been be VBN 35419 6134 4 retained retain VBN 35419 6134 5 . . . 35419 6135 1 The the DT 35419 6135 2 author author NN 35419 6135 3 's 's POS 35419 6135 4 bibliography bibliography NN 35419 6135 5 is be VBZ 35419 6135 6 extensive extensive JJ 35419 6135 7 . . . 35419 6136 1 Page page NN 35419 6136 2 124 124 CD 35419 6136 3 etc etc FW 35419 6136 4 . . . 35419 6137 1 : : : 35419 6137 2 The the DT 35419 6137 3 Allegheny Allegheny NNP 35419 6137 4 Mountain Mountain NNP 35419 6137 5 Range Range NNP 35419 6137 6 ( ( -LRB- 35419 6137 7 also also RB 35419 6137 8 spelled spell VBN 35419 6137 9 Alleghany Alleghany NNP 35419 6137 10 and and CC 35419 6137 11 Allegany Allegany NNP 35419 6137 12 , , , 35419 6137 13 ~Wikipedia ~Wikipedia . 35419 6137 14 ) ) -RRB- 35419 6137 15 . . . 35419 6138 1 Page page NN 35419 6138 2 143 143 CD 35419 6138 3 : : : 35419 6138 4 ' ' `` 35419 6138 5 distinguised distinguise VBN 35419 6138 6 ' ' '' 35419 6138 7 corrected correct VBN 35419 6138 8 to to IN 35419 6138 9 ' ' `` 35419 6138 10 distinguished distinguish VBN 35419 6138 11 ' ' '' 35419 6138 12 ... ... : 35419 6138 13 " " '' 35419 6138 14 Not not RB 35419 6138 15 distinguished distinguish VBN 35419 6138 16 from from IN 35419 6138 17 white white JJ 35419 6138 18 oak oak NNP 35419 6138 19 in in IN 35419 6138 20 the the DT 35419 6138 21 market market NN 35419 6138 22 . . . 35419 6138 23 " " '' 35419 6139 1 Page page NN 35419 6139 2 180 180 CD 35419 6139 3 : : : 35419 6139 4 diameter diameter NN 35419 6139 5 , , , 35419 6139 6 ' ' '' 35419 6139 7 1"-6 1"-6 CD 35419 6139 8 " " '' 35419 6139 9 , , , 35419 6139 10 even even RB 35419 6139 11 5 5 CD 35419 6139 12 ' ' '' 35419 6139 13 ; ; : 35419 6139 14 ' ' '' 35419 6139 15 corrected correct VBN 35419 6139 16 to to IN 35419 6139 17 ' ' `` 35419 6139 18 diameter diameter NN 35419 6139 19 , , , 35419 6139 20 1'6"-3'6 1'6"-3'6 CD 35419 6139 21 " " '' 35419 6139 22 , , , 35419 6139 23 even even RB 35419 6139 24 5 5 CD 35419 6139 25 ' ' '' 35419 6139 26 ; ; : 35419 6139 27 ' ' '' 35419 6139 28 ( ( -LRB- 35419 6139 29 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP 35419 6139 30 ) ) -RRB- 35419 6139 31 Page page NN 35419 6139 32 182 182 CD 35419 6139 33 : : : 35419 6139 34 ' ' `` 35419 6139 35 scambucifolia scambucifolia NN 35419 6139 36 ' ' '' 35419 6139 37 corrected correct VBN 35419 6139 38 to to IN 35419 6139 39 ' ' `` 35419 6139 40 sambucifolia sambucifolia VB 35419 6139 41 ' ' '' 35419 6139 42 ... ... : 35419 6139 43 " " '' 35419 6139 44 _ _ NNP 35419 6139 45 Fraxinus Fraxinus NNP 35419 6139 46 nigra nigra NN 35419 6139 47 _ _ NNP 35419 6139 48 Marshall Marshall NNP 35419 6139 49 . . . 35419 6140 1 _ _ NNP 35419 6140 2 Fraxinus Fraxinus NNP 35419 6140 3 sambucifolia sambucifolia NN 35419 6140 4 . . . 35419 6140 5 _ _ NNP 35419 6140 6 " " `` 35419 6140 7 Page page NN 35419 6140 8 186 186 CD 35419 6140 9 : : : 35419 6140 10 ' ' '' 35419 6140 11 cleavabilty cleavabilty NN 35419 6140 12 ' ' '' 35419 6140 13 corrected correct VBN 35419 6140 14 to to IN 35419 6140 15 ' ' `` 35419 6140 16 cleavability cleavability NN 35419 6140 17 ' ' '' 35419 6140 18 ... ... : 35419 6140 19 " " '' 35419 6140 20 refers refer VBZ 35419 6140 21 to to IN 35419 6140 22 the the DT 35419 6140 23 cleavability cleavability NN 35419 6140 24 of of IN 35419 6140 25 the the DT 35419 6140 26 wood wood NN 35419 6140 27 ; ; : 35419 6140 28 " " `` 35419 6140 29 Page page NN 35419 6140 30 268 268 CD 35419 6140 31 : : : 35419 6140 32 Fig fig NN 35419 6140 33 . . . 35419 6141 1 118 118 CD 35419 6141 2 text text NN 35419 6141 3 : : : 35419 6141 4 Basswood Basswood NNP 35419 6141 5 , , , 35419 6141 6 1st 1st NN 35419 6141 7 and and CC 35419 6141 8 2d 2d CD 35419 6141 9 , , , 35419 6141 10 1 1 CD 35419 6141 11 " " `` 35419 6141 12 x x SYM 35419 6141 13 8 8 CD 35419 6141 14 " " '' 35419 6141 15 and and CC 35419 6141 16 up up RB 35419 6141 17 by by IN 35419 6141 18 x x NN 35419 6141 19 00 00 CD 35419 6141 20 " " '' 35419 6141 21 . . . 35419 6142 1 and and CC 35419 6142 2 : : : 35419 6142 3 White white JJ 35419 6142 4 pine pine NN 35419 6142 5 , , , 35419 6142 6 rough rough JJ 35419 6142 7 uppers upper NNS 35419 6142 8 , , , 35419 6142 9 1 1 CD 35419 6142 10 " " `` 35419 6142 11 x x SYM 35419 6142 12 8 8 CD 35419 6142 13 " " '' 35419 6142 14 and and CC 35419 6142 15 up up RB 35419 6142 16 x x SYM 35419 6142 17 00 00 CD 35419 6142 18 ' ' '' 35419 6142 19 . . . 35419 6143 1 This this DT 35419 6143 2 is be VBZ 35419 6143 3 as as RB 35419 6143 4 printed print VBN 35419 6143 5 ; ; : 35419 6143 6 the the DT 35419 6143 7 transcriber transcriber NN 35419 6143 8 has have VBZ 35419 6143 9 no no DT 35419 6143 10 idea idea NN 35419 6143 11 what what WP 35419 6143 12 was be VBD 35419 6143 13 meant mean VBN 35419 6143 14 by by IN 35419 6143 15 ' ' `` 35419 6143 16 00 00 CD 35419 6143 17 " " '' 35419 6143 18 ' ' '' 35419 6143 19 and and CC 35419 6143 20 ' ' `` 35419 6143 21 00 00 CD 35419 6143 22 ' ' '' 35419 6143 23 ' ' '' 35419 6143 24 , , , 35419 6143 25 or or CC 35419 6143 26 what what WP 35419 6143 27 it -PRON- PRP 35419 6143 28 should should MD 35419 6143 29 have have VB 35419 6143 30 been be VBN 35419 6143 31 . . . 35419 6144 1 Page page NN 35419 6144 2 292 292 CD 35419 6144 3 : : : 35419 6144 4 ' ' `` 35419 6144 5 miscroscopic miscroscopic NN 35419 6144 6 ' ' '' 35419 6144 7 corrected correct VBD 35419 6144 8 to to IN 35419 6144 9 ' ' `` 35419 6144 10 microscopic microscopic JJ 35419 6144 11 ' ' '' 35419 6144 12 ... ... : 35419 6144 13 " " '' 35419 6144 14 Of of IN 35419 6144 15 microscopic microscopic JJ 35419 6144 16 features feature NNS 35419 6144 17 , , , 35419 6144 18 the the DT 35419 6144 19 following follow VBG 35419 6144 20 only only RB 35419 6144 21 have have VBP 35419 6144 22 been be VBN 35419 6144 23 referred refer VBN 35419 6144 24 to to IN 35419 6144 25 : : : 35419 6144 26 " " `` 35419 6144 27 Page page NN 35419 6144 28 304 304 CD 35419 6144 29 : : : 35419 6144 30 ' ' '' 35419 6144 31 Agaricus agaricus NN 35419 6144 32 mellens mellen NNS 35419 6144 33 ' ' '' 35419 6144 34 corrected correct VBN 35419 6144 35 to to IN 35419 6144 36 ' ' '' 35419 6144 37 Agaricus agaricus NN 35419 6144 38 melleus melleu NNS 35419 6144 39 ' ' '' 35419 6144 40 . . . 35419 6145 1 The the DT 35419 6145 2 ( ( -LRB- 35419 6145 3 archaic archaic NN 35419 6145 4 ) ) -RRB- 35419 6145 5 U.S. U.S. NNP 35419 6145 6 American american JJ 35419 6145 7 spellings spelling NNS 35419 6145 8 , , , 35419 6145 9 ' ' `` 35419 6145 10 drouth drouth NNP 35419 6145 11 ' ' '' 35419 6145 12 ( ( -LRB- 35419 6145 13 = = NFP 35419 6145 14 ' ' `` 35419 6145 15 drought drought NN 35419 6145 16 ' ' '' 35419 6145 17 ) ) -RRB- 35419 6145 18 , , , 35419 6145 19 ' ' `` 35419 6145 20 thoroly thoroly JJ 35419 6145 21 ' ' '' 35419 6145 22 , , , 35419 6145 23 ' ' `` 35419 6145 24 tho tho UH 35419 6145 25 ' ' '' 35419 6145 26 , , , 35419 6145 27 ' ' `` 35419 6145 28 altho altho NNP 35419 6145 29 ' ' '' 35419 6145 30 , , , 35419 6145 31 ' ' `` 35419 6145 32 tire tire NN 35419 6145 33 ' ' '' 35419 6145 34 ( ( -LRB- 35419 6145 35 = = NFP 35419 6145 36 ' ' `` 35419 6145 37 tyre tyre NN 35419 6145 38 ' ' '' 35419 6145 39 ) ) -RRB- 35419 6145 40 , , , 35419 6145 41 etc etc FW 35419 6145 42 . . FW 35419 6145 43 , , , 35419 6145 44 are be VBP 35419 6145 45 correct correct JJ 35419 6145 46 . . .